Monday, December 17, 2007
The Woman Racket
The Woman Racket is the first book to relate very recent science that is set to blow apart how currently we see men-women.
The sexes, it turns out, do not have any sort of 'power' relationship, but beneath the surface live in very separate worlds with profoundly different motivations. This all stems from why it is that we have the sexes. The male acts as the essential 'genetic filter' for the species.
The upshot is that not women but (the majority of) men are those disadvantaged in all societies.
This reality had been unearthed by Warren Farrell (The Myth of Male Power), but he couldn't explain it. The science here both explains and reveals in more depth, and exposes other phenomena not so apparent.
We can't see any of this because males have to be 'policed' in ways requiring within us all (men and women both) deep-seated prejudices against them.
The political ramifications could hardly be more earth-shaking.
(The Woman Racket was several years in the researching and is not a follow-up to the author's previous book, The Great Immigration Scandal, though both deal with facets of 'political correctness'.)
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Character Extraction Functions
Alpha Five provides the following character extraction functions.
Function

Description
ALLTEXT()
V5
Returns a character string of all of the field values in the current record in the table specified by Table_Alias.
EXTRACT_STRING()
V5
Returns a sub-string from a string, where the sub-string is defined by starting and ending blocks of text.
KEYWORDS()
V5
Returns a sorted list of all of the unique words in Character_Expression. Case-sensitive.
KEYWORDSI()
V5
Returns a sorted list of all of the unique words in Character_Expression. Case-insensitive.
KEYWORDSX()
V5
Returns a sorted list of the Soundex values of all of the unique words in Character_Expression.
LASTWORD()
V5
Returns the last word or entry in a string.
LEADING()
V5
Returns the characters that separate the Word_Number word in Input_String from the previous word.
SUBSTR()
V5
Returns a Substring of a Input_String. The Substring begins at the specified Starting_Position and continues for the specified Number_Of_Characters.
TRAILING()
V5
Returns the characters that separate the Word_Number word in Input_String from the next word.
WORD()
V5
Returns one or more words, specified by the Word_Number and Word_Count and delimited by Word_Delimiter, from the supplied Input_String.
WORD2()
V6
Returns one or more words, specified by the Word_Number and Word_Count and delimited by Word_Delimiter, from the supplied Input_String.
WORD_IN_COMMON()
V5
Returns a list of words in common between List1 and List2.
WORD_UNIQUE()
V5
Returns a list of unique words in a delimited string.
See Also
Character Functions


Non-Zero Integer has Unique Positive Integer Associate
From ProofWiki
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Theorem
Let $a \in \Z$ be an integer such that $a \ne 0$.
Then $a$ has a unique associate $b \in \Z_{>0}$.
Proof
Let $a, b, c \in \Z_{\ne 0}$ such that $b > 0$ and $c > 0$.
Let $a \sim b$ and $a \sim c$ where $\sim$ denotes the relation of associatehood.
By definition of associatehood:
$a \divides b$ and $b \divides a$
and:
$a \divides c$ and $c \divides a$
From Divisor Relation is Antisymmetric/Corollary/Proof 2:
$a = \pm b$
and
$a = \pm c$
That is:
$\pm b = \pm c$
which means:
$b = c$ or $b = -c$
But as both $b > 0$ and $c > 0$:
$b = c$
Hence the result.
$\blacksquare$
Sources


understand how this attack works we must define some terms beforehand.
Un-Coordinated Choice Model: An uncoordinated choice model is a model where all the participants don't have the incentive to work with one another. The participants may form groups but at no time is the group big enough to become a majority.
Coordinated choice model: This is a model where all the participants coordinate because of a common incentive.
Now it is assumed that the blockchain is an uncoordinated model, but what if there is an incentive for the miners to do an action which goes against the integrity of the blockchain? What if there is a bribe involved to make the miners take a particular action? This is where the bribing attacker model comes in.
What is the bribing attacker model?
Imagine an uncoordinated model. Now, what if an attacker enters the system and incentivizes the miners to coordinate with each other after giving them a bribe? This new model is called a bribing attacker model. In order to successfully bribe the system, the attacker must have two resources:
 - Budget: The total amount of money that the attacker has that they are willing to pay to make the miners take a particular action.
 - Cost: The price that the miner actually ends up paying.
However, if an attacker does decide to attack the blockchain, we arrive in an interesting conundrum… and this is where the "p + epsilon attack" comes in. For reference check out this table:
What is CryptoeconomicsThe Ultimate Beginners Guide
Image courtesy: Vitalik Buterin Presentation.
Imagine a simple game such as an election. If the people vote for a particular person if they vote the same way everyone is voting, then they get a payoff but otherwise, they don't. Now imagine, that a briber enters the system and lays down this condition to an individual. If you vote AND the others don't vote, then you will get a payoff of "P + ε". The usual payoff AND an extra bribe of ε on top of that.
So now, the payoff matrix looks like this:
What is CryptoeconomicsThe Ultimate Beginners Guide
Image courtesy: Vitalik Buterin Presentation.
Now imagine this scenario, everyone involved in this game gets to know that if they vote anyway, then there is a chance that they may get a payoff, but if they don't vote then there is a 50-50 chance of them getting a payoff.
What do you think the players will do then? Of course, they are going to vote to get a guaranteed payoff. Now, this is where things get interesting. As can be seen in the matrix, the briber only has to pay the bribe "ε" when only person votes while the others don't. However, in this situation, since everyone is voting, the Nash equilibrium shifts to:
What is CryptoeconomicsThe Ultimate Beginners Guide
That's right, the briber didn't even need to pay the bribe!
So, let's approach this problem from the POV of the briber:
 - Convince the group to vote a particular way.
 - Achieve the goal without even having to pay the bribe.
It is a huge win-win scenario for the briber and this has heavy implication on the blockchain especially in a proof-of-work system. Let's check out our old hypothetical blockchain again:
What is CryptoeconomicsThe Ultimate Beginners Guide
Suppose the briber really wants the chain to hardfork and declares that a group of miner who opts to join the new chain will get a bribe of ε, this will incentivize the entire miner community to coordinate and join the new chain. Obviously the bribe has to be extremely high for something like this to happen, but as we have seen in the briber attacker model above, the attacker won't even need to pay the said amount. According to Vitalik Buterin, this is one of the biggest problems of the proof of work system, its vulnerability to the P + epsilon attack.
The solution lies in proof of stake.
The solution to this form of incentive driven attack lies in proof of stake. In this system, the miners have to put up a portion of their personal fortune and invest it in future blocks. As an economic system, this is much better because the punishment in it is way more severe. Instead of having their rights taken and getting away with a "tap to their knuckles", miners now face the very real possibility of their stake and fortune being taken away.
So, how does this help in preventing P + epsilon attacks? Put yourselves in a miner's shoes. You have a part of your fortune invested inside a block which is to be added in the main chain. Now a briber comes and tells you that you can get an extra payoff if you make your block join the main chain. BUT, if the chain doesn't get approved then there is a huge risk of you losing all the money that you have invested in the block. Plus, as the P + Epsilon attack states, you won't even get the extra payoff from the bribe. For a miner, once that they have invested a stake, it is a no brainer for them to continue in the main chain and not to get involved in any malicious activities.
Cryptoeconomics: Conclusion
So as you can see, cryptography and economics have combined in a very beautiful and intricate manner to create the blockchain technology. The growth that it has experienced over the last few years is staggering and it is only going to get better and more widely used.
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text: Mnyundo Primary School Mnyundo Primary School - the challenges Mnyundo was one of the worst performing schools in the Mtwara area – its particularly remote location creates additional challenges such as extremely poor access, lack of clean water (closest pump is several kilometres away), high levels of preventable sanitation-related illness, poor teacher retention due to neglected facilities and a shortage of even the most basic resources. High drop out rates When we first visited Mnyundo Primary School in 2011 there were only 236 children enrolled but we were aware that many more children living in the area who should have been attending – many had dropped-out due to the appalling facilities. British and Foreign School Society - school renovation Thanks to funding from the British and Foreign School Society EdUKaid was able to completely transform the school environment - repairing and decorating classrooms, repainting blackboards, renovating latrines, installing rainwater harvesting and supplying much needed furniture. We have also provided capacity building activities for teachers and trained the local community to maintain the school long-term. As a result, attendance has improved, enrollment increased and children are performing better in school. Mnyundo Primary School is a fantastic example of how an improved environment combined with capacity building activities can significantly improve educational outcomes. Do you feel passionate about children and education? Please donate now and make education a reality for them too.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Meaning of U in English
I. ˈyü noun
( plural u's or us ˈyüz)
Usage: often capitalized, often attributive
a. : the 21st letter of the English alphabet
b. : an instance of this letter printed, written, or otherwise represented
c. : a speech counterpart of orthographic u (as long u in mute, short u in cut, or u in rule )
2. : a printer's type, a stamp, or some other instrument for reproducing the letter u
3. : someone or something arbitrarily or conveniently designated u especially as the 20th or when j is used for the 10th the 21st in order or class
4. : something having the shape of the letter U
II. abbreviation
Usage: often capitalized
1. uncirculated
2. uncle
[German und ]
4. under
5. unified
6. uniform
7. union; unionist
8. unit; united
9. universal
10. university
11. unpleasant
12. upper
III. symbol
Usage: capitalized
1. ital intrinsic energy
2. uranium
IV. ˈyü adjective
Usage: usually capitalized
Etymology: u pper class
: characteristic of the upper classes — usually used in contrast to non-U
V. abbreviation
Usage: capitalized


The Swiss Federal Institute for Forest Snow and Landscape Research WSL
A giant in its infancy
Even a big tree starts small

When this innermost ring was formed around the year 1300, our larch was about 40 years old and 6 meters high. It stood at approximately 1,700 m above sea level above Blitzingen, a village in the Goms valley in the canton of Valais.
The larch was felled in September 1987. Since the lower part of its trunk was rotten, the forester took this cross section (or "disc") at a height of 6 meters above ground.
As a result, the tree rings formed in the early years of the tree's life are missing on this disc. Based on site-specific growth curves, scientists can still estimate the number of these initial tree rings and thus determine the germination year of a tree.
In this particular disc, WSL scientists estimated their number to be 40.


text:
Wrap a flexible tape measure completely around your wrist where the bracelet is to be worn. The reading on the tape will indicate your bracelet size. In order to have some movement and flexibility, add about one centimeter (or four tenths of an inch) to that measurement.
Example : 15,5cm (6.1") + 1cm (0.4") = Size S
Size S = 16,5cm / 6.5"
Size M = 17,5cm / 6.8"
Size L = 18,5cm / 7.2" Size XL = 19,5cm / 7.6"


text:
Fabian Temme (TU Dortmund)
The First G-APD Cherenkov Telescope (FACT) is an Imaging Air Cherenkov Telescope (IACT) located on the Canary Island of La Palma. Its target is to provide long term monitoring of stellar objects like Active Galactic Nuclei. FACT is the first IACT to use Silicon Photomultipliers instead of conventional PMTs. Therefore studying the detector properties is especially important. An event class that can offer valuable insight in the detector are Muon rings. These images are created by single muons that hit the mirror of the telescope. Because their unique shape one can use shape recognition techniques like the hough transform to identify these events. The well-known properties of muon rings and their small photon arrival time distribution allow to estimate the time resolution, photon detection efficiency and point spread functions of the telescope. In this contribution the methods used to extract the muons will be presented. Also the first results including the time resolution of FACT and the calibration of the Monte-Carlo simulations are shown.
|Registration number following "ICRC2015-I/"||190|
Mr Maximilian Noethe (TU Dortmund)

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


--------------
{-# LANGUAGE DeriveGeneric #-}
import Text.PrettyPrint.GenericPretty
data Tree a = Leaf a | Node (Tree a) (Tree a) deriving (Generic)
instance (Out a) => Out (Tree a)
tree1 :: Tree Int
tree1 = Node (Node (Leaf 333333) (Leaf (-555555)))(Node (Node(Node(Leaf 888888)
 (Leaf 57575757))(Leaf (-_PHONE_)))(Leaf _PHONE_))

main = pp tree1
------------------------------------------------
The flag DeriveGeneric must be given to GHC. This can be done as above,
in a 'LANGUAGE' pragma, or manually by compiling with 'ghc -XDeriveGeneric'.
As can be seen, to use the library you must simply import it, derive Generic
on the custom data type by typing
 "deriving (Generic)"
and writing an empty instance of Out.
Then you can use the pretty printing functions, such as 'pp' and 'pretty'.
Compiling and running the file is simple and gives the following result.
-----------------------------
$ ghc SimpleTest.hs
$ SimpleTest
Node (Node (Leaf 333333) (Leaf (-555555)))
 (Node (Node (Node (Leaf 888888) (Leaf 57575757))
 (Leaf (-_PHONE_)))
 (Leaf _PHONE_))
---------------------------
If we replaced the main function with 'main = ppLen 30 tree1',
the result would instead be:
-----------------------------
Node (Node (Leaf 333333)
 (Leaf (-555555)))
 (Node (Node (Node (Leaf 888888)
 (Leaf 57575757))
 (Leaf (-_PHONE_)))
 (Leaf _PHONE_))
-------------------------------
In this case the output tries to remain under 30 characters/line,
if possible, while always maintaining correct indentation.
===============================================================================
================= The 'ppStyle' and 'prettyStyle' functions ===================
===============================================================================
The 'ppStyle' function lets you further customize the output
by giving a 'Style' which consists of the line length, the number of ribbons
per line and the mode to use.
The 'prettyStyle' function does the same thing except it outputs a String
instead of an IO() operation.
A ribbon length is the maximum length of non-indentation text per line.
So if I used a line length of 80 and 2 ribbons per line than I would have a
maximum of 40 non-indentation characters on any line.
The mode tells 'Pretty' how to render the result. There are 4 options:
 1. PageMode - the default rendering
 2. ZigZagMode - zig-zag cuts
 3. LeftMode - there is no indentation and no maximum line length
 4. OneLineMode - everything is put on one line
The most interesting one is the ZigZagMode.
Modifying the running example we get:
--------------------------------------
{-# LANGUAGE DeriveGeneric #-}
import Text.PrettyPrint.GenericPretty
import Text.PrettyPrint
data Tree a = Leaf a | Node (Tree a) (Tree a) deriving (Generic)
instance (Out a) => Out (Tree a)
tree1 :: Tree Int
tree1 = Node (Node (Leaf 333333) (Leaf (-555555)))(Node (Node(Node(Leaf 888888)
 (Leaf 57575757))(Leaf (-_PHONE_)))(Leaf _PHONE_))

zigStyle :: Style
zigStyle = Style {mode = ZigZagMode, lineLength = 30, ribbonsPerLine = 1.5}
main = ppStyle zigStyle tree1
--------------------------------------
We import "Text.PrettyPrint" to gain access to the "Style" functionality.
Then we proceed to define the 'zigStyle' using a maximum line length of 30,
1.5 ribbonsPerLine and the ZigZagMode.
Running the program, we get:
-------------------------------------
Node (Node (Leaf 333333)
/////
 (Leaf (-555555)))
(Node (Node (Node (Leaf 888888)
/////
 (Leaf 57575757))
 (Leaf (-_PHONE_)))
 (Leaf _PHONE_))
-------------------------------------
Notice that the "/" show us the direction in which the rows below have been
moved (left in this case) and the number of "/"s indicate the number of
characters that the rows were moved(in this case 5 characters to the left).

So the last 3 lines are 10 characters to the left compared to where they
would be if we had no maximum line length.
===============================================================================
======================= Full Customization Example ============================
===============================================================================
While the previous approach provides us some with some options as to the
format of the pretty printed result, sometimes you need even more control.
Fully customizing the pretty printed results is straightforward, as in the
following example called 'CustomTest.hs'
----------------------------
{-# LANGUAGE DeriveGeneric #-}
import Text.PrettyPrint.GenericPretty
import Text.PrettyPrint
data Tree a = Leaf a | Node (Tree a) (Tree a) deriving (Generic)
instance (Out a) => Out (Tree a) where
 doc (Leaf a) = parens $ text "customLeaf" <+> doc a
 doc (Node a b) = parens $ text "customNode" $$ nest 1 (doc a)
 $$ nest 1 (doc b)
 docPrec _ = doc

tree1 :: Tree Int
tree1 = Node (Node (Leaf 333333) (Leaf (-555555)))(Node (Node(Node(Leaf 888888)
 (Leaf 57575757))(Leaf (-_PHONE_)))(Leaf _PHONE_))

main = pp tree1
-


Take the 2-minute tour ×
I am trying to find a reference for the following fact. It is elementary and not hard to prove, but I haven't been able to find the question treated anywhere.
Let $A$ be an $l\times n$ matrix with integer entries, $l < n$. Let $K \subseteq \mathbb{R}^n$ denote the kernel of $A$, let $\Delta^{n-1}$ denote the standard simplex in $\mathbb{R}^n$, and let $P = K \cap \Delta^{n-1}$ denote the polytope given by intersecting the kernel of $A$ with the standard simplex. The problem: determine necessary and sufficient conditions for $P$ to be a simplex. For instance, one such condition (assuming $A$ has maximal rank) is that, by Gaussian elimination and permuting columns, $A$ can be expressed in the form $[D C]$ where $D$ is an $l\times l$ diagonal matrix with strictly negative diagonal entries and $C$ is a $l \times (n-l)$ matrix with non-negative entries.
I am sure there are plenty of other equivalent conditions, so any reference that deals with conditions under which the intersection of a simplex and a subspace is a simplex would be appreciated. Thanks.
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Textile Finishing | De-watering Machine | Slitting Machine | Dryers | Sueding Machine | Textile Study Center
Home Uncategorized Textile Finishing | De-watering Machine | Slitting Machine | Dryers | Sueding Machine
Textile Finishing
Finishing is the term used for a series of processes to which all bleached, dyed, printed and certain grey fabrics are subjected before they put on the market. Finishing is done to render textile goods fit for their purpose or end-use or serviceability of the fabric. It should be considered that every finishing process should improve the serviceability of the fabric like dimensional stability, fastness to washing, fastness to storage, wearing quality, resistance to fibre slippage, strength of the fabric, fabric handle etc. Cotton and polyester has different processes of finishing. Fabric that contains lycra needs another additional process done that is called heat setting.
The finishing processes are classified into two main streams:
 1. Mechanical finishing
 2. chemical finishing
Most of the finishes that are given to the fabric are mechanical finishes. Mechanical finishes are :
 1. Shearing
 2. Sueding
 3. Compacting
 4. Calendaring
 5. Steam/ Heat setting.
Chemical finishes includes bio-polishing and softening but bio-polishing is carried out with dyeing in exhaust method. Softening is done in exhaust method as well as in mechanical method.
The main procedures of softening can be divided into two segments:
 1. Open width finishing line for fabric of open form
 2. Tube width finishing line for fabric of tubular form
Machines Used in Finishing :
 1. De-watering Machine
 2. Dryer Machine
 3. Compactor Machine
 4. Stenter Machine
 5. Slitting Machine
 6. Sueding Machine
 7. Tumble Dryer Machine
1. De-watering Machine : De-watering machines are used to reduce the excess water remaining on the wet fabric after dyeing. Softening chemicals and other finishing chemicals can be applied while de-watering as well. De-watering machines also help to keep in control the GSM of the fabric by maintain proper tension around the whole process. The padding rollers help to apply mixtures of finishing chemicals on the fabric surface. D-ewatering machines can remove from 40-50% of the water content of the fabric. The main parameters of a de-watering machine that are to be considered while operating are the followings:
 1. Machine speed (m/min)
 2. Padder pressure (bar)
 3. Wet stretching (%)
Fig : Path diagram of a dewatering machine
2. Slitting Machine : This machine basically opens a tubular fabric into open form by slitting along the needle mark of the fabric to aid the slitting process. In addition to opening the fabric, it also untwists the fabric via. rope de-twister device, maintains the fabric width, mangles water from the fabric by extracting up to 60% prior to slitting. The slitting line of the tube fabric is monitored carefully to avoid unnecessary wastage of fabric.. The fabric is passed through a set of padders into a de-twister by which the rope fabric untwists and is spread out with the help of a spreader and the fabric is opened. The fabric is then passed through a few sets of rollers in order to create an even and crease-free surface for stentering.
Fig : Path diagram of a slitting machine
 The main parameters of a slitting machine that are to be considered for operating based on the difference among the fabric types are:
 1. Feed %
 2. Padder pressure (bar)
 3. Machine speed (m/min)
Fig : Slitting Machine
4. Dryers: De-watering and slitting processes of the fabric removes up to 60% of the water content of the fabric. But the dyed fabrics need to be dried completely before proceeding towards further processing. This is why dryers are used to remove water from the fabric without applying any tension. Another thing that the dryer does is controlling lengthwise shrinkage of the fabric which eventually leads to the controlling of the GSM of the fabric.
Dryers are of two types-
 1. Tube dryers for the tubular fabrics
 2. Chain dryers/relax dryers for the open fabrics.
Dryer have heating chambers with blowers that provides the necessary heat required to dry the fabric. A conveyer belt passes the fabric through the heat chambers. Temperature of the heat applied depends on the shade of the fabric. There are motors in the heating zone that controls and regulates the gas release of the machine. Chain dryers have a 100% overfeed system and an underfeed system up to 50%. The width of the fabric is controlled by sticking it widthwise to a pinned chain-rail that can be controlled manually. The fabric width is extended with the chain-rail before it enters the heating chambers, keeping the width still while the fabric dries. The receiving end of the machine has a to and fro plaiting system which leads the fabric to pile on easily having the same width.
Fig : Schematic diagram of a chain dryer
 Setting parameters for different fabric type of knit fabric :
Fabric type
Overfeed speed
Temperature (°C)
Machine speed
Single jersey White 15-25 120-140 8-15
Dyed 15-25 140-150 8-15
White 35-40 120-140 8-10
Dyed 35-40 140-150 10-15
Rib White 15-20 120-140 10-15
Dyed 15-20 140-160 8-15
Interlock White 20-25 120-140 15-20
Dyed 20-25 140-160 15-20
Lacoste 30 140 20
6. Sueding Machine :
Sueding involves creating peach skin like surface on the fabric which gives soft, smooth feel and provide more formal look while maintaining comfort and casual feel. Method of Application: Open width knitted fabric is passed over rotating high speed carbon brushes. There are a total of six rollers active, three rotating in the opposite direction of the fabric direction and the other three rotating along the fabric direction. By adjusting angle of
contact with the brushes, pressure against fabric and speed of fabric being sueded, the intensity of sueding can be varied.
Effect: Peaching softens fabric handle and gives a greater degree of warmth to the fabric. Surface hairs of the fabric are separated from each other, giving a sort piled surface. It however lightens the shade of a colored fabric and can give slight unevenness. Where grey fabric is emersed, the subsequent wet processing, that is dyeing and washing, may be used to remove the dust generated.
Factors affecting the degree of sueding
 1. Number of rollers in operation
 2. Direction of rotation of the rollers against the fabric
 3. Fabric tension
 4. Fabric speed
 5. Wrapping angle on the roller
Path Diagram Of A Dewatering Machine 300x131
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text:
Thomas Jefferson's Physical Appearance:
Did He Look Like the Subject in the
1785 Delapierre Portrait?
Thomas Jefferson's physical appearance as a middle-aged adult—based on descriptions by his contemporaries and on portraits believed to be faithful likenesses—was generally consistent with that of the subject in the 1785 Delapierre portrait. In particular, Jefferson's facial features as depicted in a highly regarded portrait by Charles Willson Peale painted in December 1791 bear strong similarities to those of the Delapierre subject (see comparison above). Indeed, the 1791 Peale portrait arguably resembles the 1785 Delapierre portrait more than it does any of the authenticated "life" portraits of Jefferson.1
Nonetheless, establishing what Jefferson looked like is complicated by observations of his colleagues that his appearance changed appreciably as he aged—and that throughout his adulthood he looked young for his age.2
Consistent with these statements, a portrait of Jefferson painted in London by the American artist Mather Brown in the spring of 1786—during a visit there by Jefferson—made Jefferson look quite a bit younger than his actual age of 43 at the time.3 But that portrait was judged not to be a good likeness by Jefferson's contemporaries.4
However, even a sculpture that was considered to be a relatively good likeness—Jean-Antoine Houdon's iconic 1789 bust of Jefferson, which in 1938 was used as the model for Jefferson's image on the U.S. nickel5—was said by Jefferson's daughter (Martha Jefferson Randolph) to have made him look too old.6 7
A factor further complicating comparative analysis of Jefferson's physical appearance using known life portraits of him is the very different way he was depicted by various artists. Some portraits painted within months of each other appear to be of altogether different people.8 As a result, it is difficult to distinguish accurate depictions of Jefferson from idealized ones.
However, thanks in part to the extensive correspondence regarding Jefferson that exists, a composite idea of what he looked like has emerged. But not all features are equally well defined.
Jefferson's hairstyle and hair color varied among his portraits. Although his natural hair color was consistently described as red or sandy red,9 it was often dressed and powdered10—especially while he was in Paris (6 August 178411– 26 September 178912). He complained about the time-consuming process shortly after arriving.13
The artist John Trumbull, who first painted Jefferson in Paris sometime between 19 December 1787 and 16 February 1788 while visiting him there, depicted Jefferson with red hair.14 But a subsequent version of that portrait by Trumbull, given to Jefferson's friend Angelica Schuyler Church by July 1788, showed Jefferson with powdered hair, curled in horizontal rolls above the ears—consistent with the hairstyle of the subject in the 1785 Delapierre portrait.15
Various contemporaries of Jefferson described his eyes as either blue, light gray, or hazel-blue.16 According to researchers at Monticello, "There seems to be no consensus on Thomas Jefferson's eye color. They were variously described by family, friends, employees, and others as blue, gray, 'light,' hazel, and combinations thereof. An examination of Jefferson's life portraits does not clarify the issue; he is variously depicted with blue, hazel, and even brown eyes."17 (The eyes of the subject in the 1785 Delapierre portrait are blue-gray with a touch of hazel.)
According to various sources, Jefferson's build was consistently described as tall, thin, and (in middle age) erect.18 His grandson (Thomas Jefferson Randolph) said Jefferson was six feet two-and-a-half inches tall.19 And his demeanor was consistently described as dignified.20 Nothing in these descriptions is inconsistent with the subject in the Delapierre portrait. But because the gentleman in the painting is seated behind a desk and only shown from the waist up, it is difficult to judge relative height and overall posture.
Clothing and Other Items
Another issue of interest to the research team is the green jacket worn by the subject in the 1785 Delapierre portrait. Except for the difference in color, it is similar to a blue jacket worn by Thomas Jefferson as depicted in the 1786 Mather Brown portrait. So Jefferson could have owned the jacket worn by the Delapierre subject, because he was known to wear that style jacket. But the team has not uncovered evidence that Jefferson did indeed own the particular green jacket shown in the portrait.
The research team also investigated whether the silver-colored inkpot shown in the 1785 Delapierre portrait was an item owned by Thomas Jefferson—perhaps a gift from his wife (Martha Wayles Skelton Jefferson, who died at Monticello on 6 September 1782) or from a friend such as John Adams. To date, this item has not been associated with Jefferson, and no inkpot of the style shown in the painting has been found. It was, however, judged by an expert to be "pewter and probably 18th century French or Low Countries." 21
Determining what Thomas Jefferson looked like in 1785 is problematic. At best, the research team was able to conclude that nothing in the 1785 Delapierre portrait rules out Jefferson as the subject, and that the Delapierre subject's overall looks are consistent with those attributed to Jefferson.
References and notes
 For illustrations of the acknowledged "life" portraits of Thomas Jefferson and detailed discussions of the relative iconographic importance of each, see Jefferson and the Arts: An Extended View…The Life Portraits of Thomas Jefferson, by Alfred L. Bush, National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C., 1976, pp. 9-100.
 Joseph J. Ellis, American Sphinx: The Character of Thomas Jefferson, Vantage Books, New York, 1998, pp. 76, 141, 275.
 Image of the Mather Brown portrait of Jefferson from the National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.
 In a letter from John Trumbull to Thomas Jefferson dated 6 March 1788: "Brown is busy about the pictures. Mr. Adam's is like. Yours I do not think so well of." [The Papers of Thomas Jefferson, Volume 12, edited by Julian P. Boyd, Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, 1955, p. 647.] Jefferson's reply dated 18 May 1788: "You say mine [my portrait] does not resemble. Is it a copy? Because he agreed that the original should be mine, and it was that I paid him for." [Boyd, Volume 13, 1956, p. 178.] Trumbull's reply dated 23 May 1788: "…I believe what He means to send you of yourself to be the copy, and that Mr. Adams thus the original." [Boyd, Volume 13, p. 199.] Finally, in a letter dated 10 September 1788 from William Short (Jefferson's Secretary in Paris, _PHONE_) to Trumbull in London: "The picture by Brown of Mr. Adams is an excellent likeness; that of Mr. Jefferson is supposed by every body here to be an étude. It has no feature like him." [Boyd, Volume 14, 1958, p. 365.]
 Susan R. Stein, The Worlds of Thomas Jefferson at Monticello, Harry N. Abrams, Inc., New York, 1993, pp. 230-231.
 In a letter to Thomas Jefferson dated 16 April 1802, his daughter Martha Jefferson Randolph said of the bust: "…I found fault with Houdon for making you too old…" (see Thomas Jefferson Encyclopedia, Houdon Bust).
 Houdon's 1789 bust of Jefferson, which is now at Monticello, was owned by O. Roy Chalk, who also owned the 1785 Delapierre portrait.
 For example, compare below the portrait of Jefferson painted at Monticello by Charles Peale Polk in November 1799 with the Jefferson portrait painted in Philadelphia by Rembrandt Peale in early 1800. (See Jefferson and the Arts: An Extended View…The Life Portraits of Thomas Jefferson, by Alfred L. Bush, National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C., 1976, pp. 50-58.)
 The Papers of Thomas Jefferson, Volume 7, edited by Julian P. Boyd, Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, 1953, p. 2.
 Ibid., Volume 15, 1958, p. 2.
 According to Abigail Adams in a letter to her uncle (Cotton Tufts) dated 8 September 1784—33 days after Jefferson arrived in Paris: "He [Thomas Jefferson] expects not to live above a Dozen years and he shall lose one of those in hair dressing. Their [sic] is not a porter nor a washer woman [in Paris] but what has their hair powdered and drest every day. Such is the Jeu [game]." (See Massachusetts Historical Society, Adams Papers Digital Editions, Abigail Adams to Cotton Tufts.)
 Jefferson and the Arts: An Extended View…The Life Portraits of Thomas Jefferson, by Alfred L. Bush, National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C., 1976, pp. 23-26.
 John Trumbull's life portrait of Thomas Jefferson, painted sometime between 19 December 1787 and 16 February 1788, was incorporated directly into Trumbull's historical panorama, The Declaration of Independence, 4 July 1776. It shows Jefferson as Trumbull estimated he might have looked more than 11 years before the image was created, as part of the group who helped craft the U.S. Declaration of Independence. Trumbull later used that image of Jefferson to create three oil-on-wood miniature portraits: one for Jefferson's


text:
Fabric Defect Detection Using Adaptive Wavelet Transform
【摘要】：正A method of woven fabric defect detection using the wavelet transform adaptive to the fabric has been developed. With reference to the orthogonality constrains of Daubechies wavelet, by taking the minimization of the energy or the gray level of the pixels hi the output sub-images as the additional conditions and using the random algorithm method, two sets of wavelet filters adapted to the fabric texture were formed. The original images of normal fabric texture and the fabric texture with defects were decomposed into horizontal and vertical sub-images by using these filters and the feature indices of these sub-images were also extracted. By comparing the feature indices of the normal texture with that of the defective texture, the fabric defects can be successfully detected and located.


text: Second graders have spent a couple of weeks now (I see them every day) on art of Central and South America. Here, we learned about the Chilean Rainsticks that the Aztecs used to "summon the rain." Students constructed rainsticks out of paper towel holders. They put tin foil inside the paper towel roll to slow the flow of the beads inside. This mimics the cacti needles that are punctured into the authentic rainsticks. I let them "have at it" with all of my craft stuff. They loved it!!!


text:
As adjectives the difference between significant and famous
is that significant
is signifying something; carrying meaning while famous
is well known.
As a noun significant
is that which has significance; a sign; a token; a symbol.
Signifying something; carrying meaning.
* Sir Walter Raleigh
- a significant''' word or sound; a '''significant look
Having a covert or hidden meaning.
Having a noticeable or major effect; notable.
- It was well said of Plotinus, that the stars were significant, but not efficient.
- That was a significant step in the right direction.
Reasonably large in number or amount.
(statistics) Having a low probability of occurring by chance (for example, having high correlation and thus likely to be related).
- The First World War was a significant event.
That which has significance; a sign; a token; a symbol.
- In dumb significants proclaim your thoughts.
In the public eye.
- Some people are only famous within their city.
* famed, noted, celebrated, well-known, renowned
* famous last words


Elapsed Time
Last Updated on Tuesday, 12 April 2011 07:28 Written by Admin Tuesday, 12 April 2011 07:28
Recently we did a review of the searches that have been entered into our website and noticed that someone was searching the site using the words "Elapsed Time". When we saw this we assumed they were looking for a way to work out how long a survey has taken. So in this article we will look at some of the things that you can do record how long a survey takes. First off when an interview is started, the system being used be it Data Entry , Web , Cati or mobile stores the date and start time in a field called "Datacollection.StartTime" and when the interview is no longer active the finish date and time gets stored in a variable called "Datacollection.finishTime". So to work out the total interview time all you have to do is to take the start time away from the finish time and you will get your answer. But how do you do this , well the best way is to use a command called datediff. A good way to see how datediff works is to open up your data in dmquery and then use this syntax on it.
select datacollection.starttime,datacollection.finishtime , datediff(datacollection.starttime,datacollection.finishtime,'s') as SurveyDuration from vdata
what this syntax does is to give us three columns of data , the fist is the start time followed by the finish time and then the difference between the two in seconds. As you can see the datediff command requires both dates and then a value to tell it what to return , in our example we wanted seconds , but you can have any of these values.
"yyyy" Calendar years
"q" Calendar quarters
"m" Calendar months
"d" Day
"y" Day of year (same as "d")
"w" Week (seven-day periods)
"ww" Calendar weeks (using first-day-of-week setting from input locale)
"h" Hour
"n" Minute
"s" Second
So that is how we work out the time in DMQuery , but how about if we wanted to do it in a DMS script so that the result is saved. Well first off we need a question to hold the answer in this example we are going to use a long as that is the datatype returned by DateDiff().
SurveyDuartion "Survey Duartion" long;
and then in our onnext case event we would have something like
SurveyDuartion = datediff(datacollection.starttime,datacollection.finishtime,'s')
So that is how we work out the full survey duration , but what if we want to record how long it takes to answer a set of question in the survey. This is really easy , just create the metadata to hold the information,
Section1Duartion "Survey Duartion" long;
and then at the start of the section store the section start time in a variable and at the end of the section work out the difference, for example,
Dim Section1StartTime
....
Section1StartTime = now()
... The Section Questions
Section1Duartion = datediff(Section1StartTime ,now(),'s')
And there you have it some simple
 to get the numbers that you need. So if it was you that searched for this type of info on our website the hopefully this has helped, but if not let us know what you where after and we get the info to you. It does not hurt to ask.
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3 Comments
 1. Mark Lamias | Wednesday, 13 April 2011 at 6:43 am
 While this is a very useful solution for only those interviews that are completed in one setting. Interviews that are completed partially, then stopped, and resume on a different date and then completed will show a very long interview time. For example, if I started a survey on 1/1/2011 and stopped half-way through, then resume the survey and completed it on 1/3/2004, the elapsed time would show up as 72 hours. To get around this, I recommend creating a variable (if using sample management) in your sample management that captures the elapsed time every time the interview is stopped (or when completed). Each time the survey is stopped, the elapased time should then be updated in the sample management table by adding the previous value from the sample management field to the current elapsed time. Only when the interview is completed sucesfully should this value be written to the case data. This will give a much more accurate picture of elapsed time if users are stopping surveys.
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 2. admin | Wednesday, 13 April 2011 at 7:35 pm
 All very true mark , thanks for the comment. Does anyone else have anything else they can share on how they do their timings ?
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 3. W. | Friday, 29 April 2011 at 4:25 pm
 There is a topic about this in the v6 DDL, which is named as 'Calculating the Total Time Taken to Complete Interviews'. This topic gives an example of how to calculate the total time taken to complete an interview, excluding time between any stops and restarts of the interview. Hope this helps.
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text:
The aim of this study was to determine the evacuation of sand from the equine intestine after a double treatment with psyllium and mineral oil or mineral oil only. A crossover study was conducted. Twelve healthy horses were fed 1 kg sand once a day for 5 days. Subsequently, these horses were divided into two groups: A and B. From day 6-10, both groups were treated with 2 l of mineral oil once a day and group B received an additional 0.5 kg of psyllium twice a day. The trial was repeated after 2 weeks with treatment crossover of groups A and B. The horses were housed sand free and 1.8 kg hay/100 kg body weight was offered to meet the maintenance energy requirement. Prior to the sand administration, faeces were collected from each horse for 3 days and the crude ash was determined to establish a baseline output of ash. There was no difference between the baseline crude ash output of the first and second treatment. From day 6-10, faeces were collected daily and the fresh weight and the dry matter and the crude ash contents were determined. For administration, sand or psyllium was mixed with 1 l of Irish mash (concentrate mixed with water), respectively, and mineral oil was administered via a nasogastric tube. All horses showed higher crude ash excretion when treated with psyllium and mineral oil compared with the mineral oil administration only. On the second, third and fourth day of the treatment, the difference was significant. Faeces crude ash weight corrected for baseline crude ash output while treated with psyllium plus oil and oil solely, reached a mean of 51.0 (SD 20.5) and 26.1 (SD 17.7) % of the administered sand mass, respectively. The results of this trial show that the ash output differed highly between the horses. Nevertheless, all horses showed a higher total ash output within the 5 days treatment period when the psyllium semen and mineral oil were used for the treatment than when treated with mineral oil solely.
Animals Cathartics/therapeutic use* Cross-Over Studies Feces/chemistry Female Horse Diseases/prevention & control* Horses Intestinal Obstruction/prevention & control Intestinal Obstruction/veterinary* Intestine, Large Male Mineral Oil/therapeutic use* Psyllium/therapeutic use* Random Allocation Silicon Dioxide*/adverse effects Treatment Outcome


text:
Researchers at the University of Michigan have created a mini sensor that draws its energy from micro sized solar panels as well as heat and or movement. The sensor is 0.10" by 0.14" by 0.03".
The sensor only needs one nanowatt to operate-that's one billionth of a watt. Most of the time it would be in sleep mode and only waking to record movements or changes. They're thinking possible uses would be inside the human body to monitor head and eye pressure, tumors, environmental changes, building and bridge monitoring.
Read about the tiny solar powered sensor here at Physorg.com.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Skip to definition.
Noun: stultification ,stúl-ti-fi'key-shun
 - befooling [archaic]
 2. The act of making something futile and useless (as by routine)
 - constipation, impairment, deadening
Derived forms: stultifications
Type of: debasement, degradation, derision
Encyclopedia: Stultification


edential requires a Boolean value, False if not.
Return type:bool
class Credentials(values=None)
Bases: object
The object that contains credentials retrieved from the credential provider.
Initialize the Credentials object.
Parameters:values (dict) – Dictionary containing values to be set in the credentials.
Raises:CredentialError – If the value is not correct for any credential of boolean type.
get_value(key)
Get the value of a credential.
Parameters:key (CredentialValues) – The credential to be retrieved.
Returns:The credential's value, or a default value if the value was not explicitly set.
Return type:object
cbc_sdk.errors module
Exceptions that are thrown by CBC SDK operations.
exception ApiError(message=None, original_exception=None)
Bases: Exception
Base class for all CBC SDK errors; also raised for generic internal errors.
Initialize the ApiError.
Parameters:
 - message (str) – The actual error message.
 - original_exception (Exception) – The exception that caused this one to be raised.
exception ClientError(error_code, message, result=None, original_exception=None)
Bases: cbc_sdk.errors.ApiError
A ClientError is raised when an HTTP 4xx error code is returned from the Carbon Black server.
Initialize the ClientError.
Parameters:
 - error_code (int) – The error code that was received from the server.
 - message (str) – The actual error message.
 - result (object) – The result of the operation from the server.
 - original_exception (Exception) – The exception that caused this one to be raised.
exception ConnectionError(message=None, original_exception=None)
Bases: cbc_sdk.errors.ApiError
There was an error in the connection to the server.
Initialize the ApiError.
Parameters:
 - message (str) – The actual error message.
 - original_exception (Exception) – The exception that caused this one to be raised.
exception CredentialError(message=None, original_exception=None)
Bases: cbc_sdk.errors.ApiError
The credentials had an unspecified error.
Initialize the ApiError.
Parameters:
 - message (str) – The actual error message.
 - original_exception (Exception) – The exception that caused this one to be raised.
exception InvalidHashError
Bases: Exception
An invalid hash value was used.
exception InvalidObjectError(message=None, original_exception=None)
Bases: cbc_sdk.errors.ApiError
An invalid object was received by the server.
Initialize the ApiError.
Parameters:
 - message (str) – The actual error message.
 - original_exception (Exception) – The exception that caused this one to be raised.
exception MoreThanOneResultError(message=None, original_exception=None)
Bases: cbc_sdk.errors.ApiError
Only one object was requested, but multiple matches were found in the Carbon Black datastore.
Initialize the ApiError.
Parameters:
 - message (str) – The actual error message.
 - original_exception (Exception) – The exception that caused this one to be raised.
exception NonQueryableModel(message=None, original_exception=None)
Bases: cbc_sdk.errors.ApiError
A model that attempted to be queried which is not queryable
Initialize the ApiError.
Parameters:
 - message (str) – The actual error message.
 - original_exception (Exception) – The exception that caused this one to be raised.
exception ObjectNotFoundError(uri, message=None, original_exception=None)
Bases: cbc_sdk.errors.ApiError
The requested object could not be found in the Carbon Black datastore.
Initialize the ObjectNotFoundError.
Parameters:
 - uri (str) – The URI of the action that failed.
 - message (str) – The error message.
 - original_exception (Exception) – The exception that caused this one to be raised.
exception QuerySyntaxError(uri, message=None, original_exception=None)
Bases: cbc_sdk.errors.ApiError
The request contains a query with malformed syntax.
Initialize the QuerySyntaxError.
Parameters:
 - uri (str) – The URI of the action that failed.
 - message (str) – The error message.
 - original_exception (Exception) – The exception that caused this one to be raised.
exception ServerError(error_code, message, result=None, original_exception=None)
Bases: cbc_sdk.errors.ApiError
A ServerError is raised when an HTTP 5xx error code is returned from the Carbon Black server.
Initialize the ServerError.
Parameters:
 - error_code (int) – The error code that was received from the server.
 - message (str) – The actual error message.
 - result (object) – The result of the operation from the server.
 - original_exception (Exception) – The exception that caused this one to be raised.
exception TimeoutError(uri=None, error_code=None, message=None, original_exception=None)
Bases: cbc_sdk.errors.ApiError
A requested operation timed out.
Initialize the TimeoutError.
Parameters:
 - uri (str) – The URI of the action that timed out.
 - error_code (int) – The error code that was received from the server.
 - message (str) – The error message.
 - original_exception (Exception) – The exception that caused this one to be raised.
exception UnauthorizedError(uri, message=None, action='read', original_exception=None)
Bases: cbc_sdk.errors.ApiError
The action that was attempted was not authorized.
Initialize the UnauthorizedError.
Parameters:
 - uri (str) – The URI of the action that was not authorized.
 - message (str) – The error message.
 - action (str) – The action that was being performed that was not authorized.
 - original_exception (Exception) – The exception that caused this one to be raised.
cbc_sdk.example_helpers module
Helper functions which are not strictly part of the SDK API, but which are used by many of the examples.
build_cli_parser(description='Cb Example Script')
Build a basic CLI parser containing the arguments needed to create a CBCloudAPI. Additional arguments may be added.
Parameters:description (str) – Description of the script, for use in help messages.
Returns:The new argument parser.
Return type:ArgumentParser
disable_insecure_warnings()
Disable warnings about insecure URLs.
eprint(*args, **kwargs)
Print to standard error output.
Parameters:
 - *args (list) – Arguments to the print function.
 - **kwargs (dict) – Keyword arguments to the print function.
get_cb_cloud_object(args)
Based on parsed command line arguments, create and return a CBCloudAPI object.
Parameters:args (Namespace) – Arguments parsed from the command line.
Returns:The CBCloudAPI object.
Return type:CBCloudAPI
get_object_by_name_or_id(cb, cls, name_field='name', id=None, name=None, force_init=True)
Locate an object in the API by either ID or name.
Parameters:
 - cb (CBCloudAPI) – Reference to the CBCloudAPI.
 - cls (class) – Class of object to be found.
 - name_field (str) – Name field to search on.
 - id (int) – ID of object to search for. May be None to do name searching.
 - name (str) – Object name to search on.
 - force_init (bool) – True to force a new object found by ID to be initialized.
Returns:
List of objects that match the search criteria.
Return type:
list
read_iocs(cb, file=<_io.TextIOWrapper name='<stdin>' mode='r' encoding='UTF-8'>)
Read indicators of compromise from standard input.
Parameters:
 - cb (CBCloudAPI) – Reference to the CBCloudAPI.
 - file – Not used.
Returns:
New report ID to be used. dict: The indicators of compromise that were read in.
Return type:
str
cbc_sdk.live_response_api module
The Live Response API and associated objects.
class CbLRManagerBase(cb, timeout=30, keepalive_sessions=False)
Bases: object
Live Response manager object.
Initialize the CbLRManagerBase object.
Parameters:
 - cb (BaseAPI) – The CBC SDK object reference.
 - timeout (int) – Timeout to use for requests, in seconds.
 - keepalive_sessions (bool) – If True, "ping" sessions occasionally to ensure they stay alive.
cblr_base = ''
cblr_session_cls = Not


Landing Platform Helicopter
USS Iwo Jima (LPH-2)
Landing Platform Helicopter (LPH) is the hull classification used by a number of the world's navies to designate a type of amphibious warfare ship designed primarily to operate as a launch and recovery platform for helicopters and other VTOL aircraft. As such, they are considered a type of helicopter carrier.
Under the NATO Standardisation Agreement (STANAG) document for reporting vessels, LPH is a short form designator used for "Amphibious Assault Ship, Helicopter" defined as a "large helicopter carrier" for carrying and deploying around 1,800 assault troops using its own aircraft, but for which use of landing craft is "not a principal function". For ships of this hull classification in the Royal Navy, LPH is a direct acronym for "Landing Platform Helicopter", while the United States Navy referred to its vessels within this classification as "Amphibious Assault Ships". Regardless of the terminology, all vessels classified as an LPH possess essentially similar capabilities.
The Royal Navy also used the term "Commando Carrier", which it applied to aircraft carriers converted to helicopter only operations. The RN now operates one vessel that it classifies as an LPH, HMS Ocean. Following the British government's decision to withdraw its Harrier aircraft at the end of 2010, the former light fleet carrier HMS Illustrious also performed this role, but has now been decommissioned.
The LPH classification was used by the United States Navy for the amphibious assault ships of the Iwo Jima class, a converted Casablanca-class escort carrier and three converted Essex-class aircraft carriers. No ships of this classification are currently in active service with the United States Navy, having been replaced with multi-purpose ships classified under NATO naming conventions as Landing Helicopter Dock or Landing Helicopter Assault ships.
Ships classified as LPH
Royal Navy
Royal Navy "Commando Carriers and "Amphibious Helicopter Carrier"s
United States Navy
Republic of Korea Navy
ROKS Dokdo
See also


Doctor fatigue leads to car accidents, near misses: survey
It's a wake-up call to challenge the idea it's 'heroic' to work long hours, say study authors
Almost half of anaesthetists and intensivists have had a car accident or a near miss due to work fatigue, a UK survey shows.
Car accident concept
Nearly 3850 UK and Republic of Ireland consultants in anaesthesia or paediatric intensive care responded to the survey on out-of-hours working arrangements, causes of work-related fatigue and its impact on commuting and other areas of life.
Almost half (45%) said they had had an accident or near miss while commuting when fatigued.
And most of the doctors had experienced work-related fatigue


layout 1,2
set boxwidth bw1
plot 'rnd.dat' using (bin($1,bw1)):(1./(bw1*n)) smooth frequency with boxes t tstr(bw1)
set boxwidth bw2
plot 'rnd.dat' using (bin($1,bw2)):(1./(bw2*n)) smooth frequency with boxes t tstr(bw2)
Here is the result, with two bin width
Besides, this really is a rough approach to histogram and more elaborated solutions are readily available in R. Indeed, the problem is how to define a good bin width, and this issue has already been discussed on stats.stackexchange.com: using Freedman-Diaconis binning rule should not be too difficult to implement, although you'll need to compute the inter-quartile range.
Here is how R would proceed with the same data set, with default option (Sturges rule, because in this particular case, this won't make a difference) and equally spaced bin like the ones used above.
The R code that was used is given below:
par(mfrow=c(1,2), las=1)
hist(rnd, main="Sturges", xlab="", ylab="", prob=TRUE)
hist(rnd, breaks=seq(-3.5,3.5,by=.1), main="Binwidth = 0.1",
 xlab="", ylab="", prob=TRUE)
You can even look at how R does its job, by inspecting the values returned when calling hist():
> str(hist(rnd, plot=FALSE))
List of 7
 $ breaks : num [1:14] -3.5 -3 -2.5 -2 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 ...
 $ counts : int [1:13] 1 1 12 20 49 79 108 87 71 43 ...
 $ intensities: num [1:13] 0.004 0.004 0.048 0.08 0.196 0.316 0.432 0.348 0.284 0.172 ...
 $ density : num [1:13] 0.004 0.004 0.048 0.08 0.196 0.316 0.432 0.348 0.284 0.172 ...
 $ mids : num [1:13] -3.25 -2.75 -2.25 -1.75 -1.25 -0.75 -0.25 0.25 0.75 1.25 ...
 $ xname : chr "rnd"
 $ equidist : logi TRUE
 - attr(*, "class")= chr "histogram"
All that to say that you can use R results to process your data with Gnuplot if you like (although I would recommend to use R directly :-).
TukeyHSD after within factors ANOVA
As an alternative to traditional repeated-measures ANOVA for within-subject design, you might consider using linear mixed-effects approach. It is being increasingly used in the scientific community and avoids some of the ANOVA pitfalls while allowing for more complex error structures. With continuous response variable, the nlme package is enough, but you can also use lme4 which further allows to cope with categorical response variables. For multiple comparisons (including Tukey's post-hoc tests), then, the multcomp package (see the glht() function) can be used with mixed-effects models fitted with nlme::lme, as described here: Repeated Measures ANOVA using R.
One short remark about your design: If your response (dependent) variable, Ratio, is a proportion or a bounded value, you may think of using a different link function.
Interface between Octave and R
I do not know of any active R/octave project, but if you're just after finding roots for a given polynomial you can use one of the polynom or PolynomF package:
Here is an example with P(x)= 6 + 5x + 4x^2 + 3x^3 + 2 x^4 + x^5.
In octave,
octave[2] > p = 1:6;
octave[3] > roots(p)
ans =
 0.55169 + 1.25335i
 0.55169 - 1.25335i
 -1.49180 + 0.00000i
 -0.80579 + 1.22290i
 -0.80579 - 1.22290i
In R,
> library(polynom)
> p <- polynomial(6:1)
> pz <- solve(p)
> pz
[1] -1.491798+0.000000i -0.805786-1.222905i -0.805786+1.222905i
[4] 0.551685-1.253349i 0.551685+1.253349i
R fisher.test print only p-value
If you take a look at the values returned by a call to the fisher.test() function (see help(fisher.test) in R), you will notice that there is p.value among others. So you just need to use $p.value on your R object. Here is an example, in R:
tab <- replicate(2, sample(LETTERS[1:3], 10, rep=TRUE))
fisher.test(table(tab[,1], tab[,2]))$p.value
can't set border linewidth for bars of rowstacked histogram
I would not use set style fill solid border -1 (or better, noborder), but rather define a specific line type that can be used to customize boxes, e.g.
bw=0.1
n=500
bin(x,width) = width*floor(x/width) + bw/2.0
set boxwidth bw
set style line 2 lc rgb 'gray30' lt 1 lw 2
set style fill pattern 5
plot 'rnd.dat' using (bin($1,bw)):(1./(bw*n)) smooth frequency with boxes ls 2
Here, boxes are drawn using dark gray and line width of 2.
Is there a Java alternative to Prefuse that is under active development?
Protovis is the successor of Prefuse (and now, D3 is under active development). Protovis-Java is a partial implementation of the Protovis toolkit in Java. There's a nice example gallery, but I have no experience with the Java side.
As an alternative, you might consider Processing, with some example of use in Java here, or its Javascript counterpart, Processing.js. There were even a port for Scala + Processing: Spde.
How to implement R model in C++ code
You're asking for a linear regression model (here, R glm() stands for generalized linear model, but as you're using an identity link, you end up with a linear regression). There are several implementation available in C, for example the apophenia library which features a nice set of statistical functions with bindings for MySQL and Python. The GSL and ALGLIB libraries also have dedicated algorithms.
However, for lightweight and almost standalone C code, I would suggest taking a look at glm_test.c available in the source of the snpMatrix BioC package.
Following the updated question, it seems you rather want to predict the outcome based on a set of regression parameters. Then, given that the general form of the hypothesized model is y=b0 + b1 _ x1 + b2 _ x2 + … + bp * xp, where b0 is the intercept and b1, …, bp are the regression coefficients (estimated from the data), the computation is rather simple as it amounts to a weighted sum: take each observed values for your p predictors and multiply by the b's (don't forget the intercept term!).
You can double check your results with R predict() function; here is an example with two predictors, named V1 and V2, 100 observations, and a regular grid of new values for predicting the outcome (you can use your own data as well):
> df <- transform(X <- as.data.frame(replicate(2, rnorm(100))),
 y = V1+V2+rnorm(100))
> res.lm <- lm(y ~ ., df)
> new.data <- data.frame(V1=seq(-3, 3, by=.5), V2=seq(-3, 3, by=.5))
> coef(res.lm)
(Intercept) V1 V2
0.006712008 0.980712578 1.127586352
>


text:
Purpose: Energy-discriminating, photon counting detectors (PCDs) are an emerging technology for spectroscopic imaging in CT. Current PCDs suffer from poor spectral separation due to charge sharing effects. We propose the coincidence bin as a mechanism for charge sharing compensation. The coincidence bin simply counts coincidences in the lowest level discriminator (LLD) of adjacent pixels. The estimator uses the coincidence bin as if it were an energy bin to improve material decomposition estimates. Unlike other charge sharing compensation mechanisms, it does not reduce the count rate capability of the detector. We compare the impact of the coincidence at low flux against charge summing. Because charge sharing is often under the LLD threshold, we examined the incremental benefit of lowering the LLD from a standard (30 keV) to reduced threshold (10 keV).
Methods: The interaction of photons with the CdTe substrate was simulated using GEANT4. Separate Monte Carlo simulations are used to model the charge collected in pixels, modeling these pixels as perfect collectors. Noise in material decomposition images was then estimated using the Cramer-Rao Lower Bound. We assumed a 120 kVp spectrum, a 20 cm thickness water background, 5 energy bins equally spaced from the LLD to 110 keV, and used 10,000 noise realizations to calculate the CRLB.
Results: The relative dose efficiency for an iodine material decomposition task is 32%, 54%, and 100% for a 5-bin simulated PCD without charge sharing compensation, with the coincidence bin, and with analog charge summing. When the LLD is reduced from 30 keV to 10 keV, the dose efficiencies change to 36%, 68%, and 98%. Benefits are somewhat less for a water material task.
Conclusion: The coincidence bin is a simple and effective mechanism for charge sharing compensation. With a carefully selected LLD threshold, it can nearly double spectral performance in certain tasks.


Shelf Life of
How Long Does Salmon Last?
How Long Does Salmon Last?
Salmon Shelf Life
How long does salmon last? The shelf life of salmon depends on a variety of factors, such as the sell by date the preparation method and how the salmon was stored. Because of its abundance, mild flavor, appealing color, proven health benefits and concentration of protein, salmon is a great main dish choice. Salmon contains omega-3 fatty acids (also known as the good cholesterol) which are proven to lower the risk of heart disease and help with numerous other health problems. Salmon is the #3 best seller in the U.S. in the seafood category, topped only by shrimp (#1) and tuna (#2) for ten years running.
So, how long does salmon last? When properly stored, the shelf life of salmon past its sell by date is approximately …
Pantry Fridge Freezer
Past Printed Date Past Printed Date Past Printed Date
Fresh Salmon lasts for 1-2 Days 6-9 Months
Smoked Salmon lasts for 1-2 Weeks* 5-7 Days 6-9 Months
Canned Salmon lasts for 6-8 Months 6-8 Months 9-12 Months**
Cooked Salmon lasts for 5-6 Days 6-9 Months
Frozen Salmon lasts for 4-5 Days 6-9 Months
Of course, salmon lasts for a shorter period of time if it is not stored properly. But remember, salmon, like a lot of other proteins, usually has a sell by date and not a use by date or expiration date. Because of this distinction, you may safely use foods even after the sell by date has lapsed if they have been stored properly.
How to tell if salmon is bad, rotten or spoiled?
Practicing proper hygiene and food safety discipline will help prevent food borne illness. Although not a perfect test, your senses are usually the most reliable instruments to tell if your salmon has gone bad. Some common traits of bad salmon are a slimy, milky flesh (a thick, slippery coating) and a fishy smell. Although this is tricky because it is smelly and slimy by nature, these traits become more pronounced when salmon has gone bad and just opening the package of spoiled fish should alert your nose right away that something is wrong.
How to store salmon to extend its shelf life?
Proper food storage is the key to extending the expiration date of salmon. You can help salmon keep fresh longer by storing it in your refrigerator immediately after use. Once prepared, salmon should be stored in a tightly closed container to keep out moisture and other contaminants and returned to the fridge.
*Smoked salmon should only be kept in the pantry if it was purchased on the grocery shelf, if purchased in the refrigerator section it should be placed in the fridge at home. But once opened, both options must be placed in the fridge in a tightly sealed container.
**If freezing or refrigerating canned salmon, transfer the salmon to a freezer safe container first. Never freeze cans. They can be refrigerated only if they are unopened.
For a long-term option, you can freeze your salmon while preserving its taste if you use a freezer safe container. If you purchased your salmon frozen, be sure to keep it frozen until the day or day before you are going to use it.
Always defrost salmon in the refrigerator or still wrapped and submerged in a large bowl of cold water if you want to use it sooner.
How long is salmon good for when prepared in a dish?
How long does salmon last? That depends. How long does rice last? In general, foods lasts only as long as the quickest expiring ingredient in the dish. To find out how long those other ingredients are good for, please visit the Dairy, Drinks, Fruits, Grains, Proteins, Vegetables and Other sections of Eat By Date or search below!
Search the Shelf Life Guide!
What are our shelf life resources?
Our content for how long does salmon last incorporates research from multiple resources, including the United States Department of Agriculture and the United States Food & Drug Administration. In addition, we scoured the web for informative articles and reports related to food safety, food storage and the shelf life of salmon.
*An important note about expiration dates …
So, how long will food last? Let's find out!


text:
What are neophytes?
Neophytes ("new plants") are plant species that have only arrived in Tyrol since the discovery of America in 1492. In Tyrol, 21 percent of the occurring plant species belong to these neophytes, i.e. almost a quarter of the flora. The neophytes include, among others, the Indian/threatening touch-me-not or the summer lilac (butterfly bush).
Why are neophytes a problem for the flora?
Many neophytes are useful plants and enrich the flora, such as potatoes, pumpkins or tomatoes. However, a few of the neophytes are more competitive than the native flora and tend to displace it. These few, however, present challenges to conservationists. Their mass occurrence leaves no room for ancestral, less competitive species and can lead to unstable banks along waterways, for example. The term "invasive" is usually used here to refer to invasive neophytes, i.e. plants from other continents that are spreading rapidly.
Last updated 04.10.2023


3.6 The shelf life, in days, for bottles of a certainprescribed medicine is a random variable having the densityfunction
F(x)={20,000/(x+100)^3, x>0,
 {0, elsewhere.
Find the probability that a bottle of this medicinewill have a shell life of
(a) atleast 200 days
(b) anywhere from 80 to 120days.
Please show all steps to solve, not in booksshow


Horsetail herb powder
Horsetail herb powder
Horsetail herb (Equisetum arvense) is a plant known for its numerous health benefits, largely attributed to its rich content of minerals, particularly silica, flavonoids, and other phytochemicals. One of the primary health benefits of horsetail herb is its role in supporting bone health. Silica, a major component of horsetail, is crucial for the formation and maintenance of connective tissues, including bones, skin, and nails. By promoting collagen synthesis and enhancing calcium absorption, horsetail can help prevent osteoporosis and improve the strength and elasticity of bones and joints. Additionally, its antioxidant properties help to combat oxidative stress, which is beneficial in preventing chronic diseases and promoting overall health.
Another significant benefit of horsetail herb is its diuretic properties, which facilitate the removal of excess fluids from the body. This diuretic action is beneficial for conditions such as edema and hypertension, where reducing fluid retention is crucial. By promoting urine production, horsetail helps in the detoxification process, aiding the elimination of metabolic waste and toxins from the body. This detoxifying effect is complemented by the anti-inflammatory properties of the herb, which can help reduce inflammation and support overall health.
The benefits of horsetail herb extend specifically to kidney health as well. The diuretic properties of horsetail make it particularly beneficial for the kidneys by increasing urine output, which can help to flush out toxins and prevent the formation of kidney stones. This increased urinary flow can also help to prevent urinary tract infections (UTIs) by reducing the concentration of bacteria in the urinary tract. Furthermore, horsetail's anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties contribute to protecting the kidneys from damage and supporting their overall function. By reducing oxidative stress and inflammation, horsetail can help to maintain the health of the delicate structures within the kidneys, promoting better renal function and preventing various kidney-related disorders.
In summary, horsetail herb offers a multitude of health benefits, from supporting bone and connective tissue health to promoting detoxification and reducing inflammation. Its specific advantages for kidney health, primarily through its diuretic effects and protective properties, make it a valuable herbal remedy for maintaining and enhancing renal function.
*This website and these statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. These products are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. Please consult a properly trained and licensed medical practitioner for medical advice. Individual results may vary. Allergen warning: If you suffer from any allergies, please study product labels carefully before consuming.


text:
Data, Reports & Maps
Need for Assistance Worksheet
The Need for Assistance (NFA) worksheet looks at a specified geographic area and provides a score that is based on specific core barriers to care and other health indicators to prioritize underserved areas in need of more healthcare resources. NFA worksheets are a requirement for new access point applications for Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHCs) or FQHC Look-Alikes. The Bureau of Health Systems Development has developed a database to pull together all of the information required in a NFA worksheet and provides this information as a free resource.
The barriers and health indicators covered in the NFA worksheet include:
- Population to One FTE Primary Care Physician Ratio
- Percent of Population at or Below 200 Percent of Poverty
- Percent of Population Uninsured
- Distance or Travel Time to Nearest Primary Care Provider Accepting New Medicaid and/or Uninsured Patients
- Cardiovascular Disease
- Prenatal and Perinatal Health
- Child Health
Review the NFA Data Resource Guide for more information on the data included in the NFA.
- FFIEC Geocoding System
Enter an address and get census data and geocodes specific to that location
- HealthCare Service Delivery Sites (HRSA)
- UDS Mapper
Note: Information provided in PDF files, unless otherwise indicated.


text:
Oak mortality associated with crown dieback and oak borer attack in the Ozark Highlands
Oak decline and related mortality have periodically plagued upland oak–hickory forests, particularly oak species in the red oak group, across the Ozark Highlands of Missouri, Arkansas and Oklahoma since the late 1970s. Advanced tree age and periodic drought, as well as Armillaria root fungi and oak borer attack are believed to contribute to oak decline and mortality. Declining trees first show foliage wilt and browning, followed by progressive branch dieback in the middle and/or upper crown. Many trees eventually die if severe crown dieback continues. In 2002, more than 4000 living oak trees 11 cm dbh in the relatively undisturbed mature oak forests of the Missouri Ozark Forest Ecosystem Project (MOFEP) were randomly selected and inventoried for tree species, dbh, crown class, crown width, crown dieback condition (healthy: <5% crown dieback, slight: >5–33%, moderate: 33–66%, and severe: >66%) and number of emergence holes created by oak borers on the lower 2.4 m of the tree bole. The same trees were remeasured in 2006 to determine their status (live or dead). In 2002, about 10% of the red oak trees showed moderate or severe crown dieback; this was twice the percentage observed for white oak species. Over 70% of trees in the red oak group had evidence of oak borer damage compared to 35% of trees in the white oak group. There was significant positive correlation between crown dieback and the number of borer emergence holes ( p < 0.01). Logistic regression showed oak mortality was mainly related to crown width and dieback, and failed to detect any significant link with the number of oak borer emergence holes. Declining red oak group trees had higher mortality (3 or 4 times) than white oaks. The odds ratios of mortality of slightly, moderately, and severely declining trees versus healthy trees were, respectively, 2.0, 6.5, and 29.7 for black oak; 1.8, 3.8, and 8.3 for scarlet oak; and 2.6, 6.5 and 7.1 for white oaks.
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Please make any requests at _EMAIL_.
- This article was written and prepared by U.S. Government employees on official time, and is therefore in the public domain.
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text:
U.S. Bureau of Labor Established in the Department. of Interior, by act of June 27, 1884. In 1888 became an independent agency called the of Labor but without a cabinet offices at its head. In 1903 transferred to the Dept. of Commerce and Labor under the name Bureau of Labor. The law of Mar. 4, 1913 created a De- t. of Labor of cabinet rank. To the near Dept. was transferred the old Bureau of Labor, but this time with its name changed to Bureau of Labor Statistics ^'sterr, story
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Multiple owners increase depreciation claims
Split reports help accelerate deductions
An increase in BMT Tax Depreciation Schedules for more than one owner suggests co-ownership is becoming an increasingly popular trend.
It can also balance out the expenses of owning an investment property including ongoing repairs, maintenance and fees. Additionally, co-ownership can provide improved depreciation deductions, allowing more items to be depreciated at a higher rate. This is where a BMT Tax Depreciation split report can assist.
How does a split report work?
A split report calculates depreciation deductions based on each owner's percentage of ownership for each asset. This involves splitting the value of the assets based upon each owner's interest in the assets before applying depreciation rules.
In a scenario where there is just one owner, legislation allows property investors to claim an immediate write-off for assets with an opening value of $300 or less. However, when an investment property is co-owned by two parties with a 50:50 ownership share, a split report allows the owners to each claim an immediate write-off for items where their interest in the asset is below $300. This means the owners can claim an instant write-off for items which are less than $600 in total value.
The same method can be used when applying low-value pooling. Where an owner's interest in an asset is less than $1,000, these items will qualify to be placed in a low-value pool. This means they can be claimed at an increased rate of 18.75 per cent in the first year regardless of the number of days owned and 37.5 per cent from the second year onwards.
In a situation where ownership is split 50:50, by calculating an owner's interest in each asset first, the owners will qualify to pool assets which cost less than $2,000 in total to the low-value pool.
Distributing the value of assets based upon the percentage of ownership first will increase the number of assets which investors are eligible to claim an immediate write-off or low-value pooling for. As a result, the rate at which depreciation deductions can be applied will be accelerated and the owners will receive increased deductions in the earlier years of ownership.
BMT's split reports simplify this process and allow owners to get more from their investment. Each split report can also be provided in CSV format for easy importing into accounting software.
There is an option for owners who prefer a depreciation schedule without any split applied should this be required.
Visit BMT's co-ownership case study page to see how a split schedule increases deductions for two owners.
Article provided by BMT Tax Depreciation.
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text:
Fairbanks August 2012
InFairbanks the average temperature for August was 56.3°F, just 0.2°F above the long-term mean. The lowest temperature for the month hovered above freezing at 37°F on the 22nd, while the highest temperature was an enjoyable 78°F on the 14th. Temperatures generally stayed in the expected trend, and no new record events were recorded.
Like July, precipitation was below normal in August at 1.45", 0.43" below the expected value of 1.88". More than half of the monthly precipitation was observed on just one day, the 26th. The mean wind speed was 3.4 mph, with a maximum gust of 33 mph on the 27th, blowing from a westerly direction.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
I want to get the string length when a key is pressed like StackOverflow does.
Example of StackOverflow showing length
I have tried to do this with onblur, but it's not working. How do I do this?
share|improve this question
use onkeyup/onkeydown event. Could you post the code you tried? – Fabrizio Calderan Jun 15 '12 at 8:02
Is your problem really getting the length of a string? – Bergi Jun 15 '12 at 8:04
onblur refers to the opposite of focus, i.e. you are leaving the field. This is not the appropriate event handler. – Jeff Watkins Jun 15 '12 at 8:04
He just ask for the right event to bind a function to – Trinh Hoang Nhu Jun 15 '12 at 8:07
8 Answers 8
up vote 25 down vote accepted
As for the question which event you should use for this: use the input event, and fall back to keyup/keydown in older browsers.
Here's an example, DOM0-style:
someElement.oninput = function() {
 this.onkeydown = null;
 // Your code goes here
someElement.onkeydown = function() {
 // Your code goes here
The other question is how to count the number of characters in the string. Depending on your definition of "character", all answers posted so far are incorrect. The string.length answer is only reliable when you're certain that only BMP Unicode symbols will be entered. For example, 'a'.length == 1, as you'd expect.
However, for supplementary (non-BMP) symbols, things are a bit different. For example, '𝌆'.length == 2, even though there's only one Unicode symbol there. This is because JavaScript exposes UCS-2 code units as "characters".
Luckily, it's still possible to count the number of Unicode symbols in a JavaScript string through some hackery. You could use Punycode.js's utility functions to convert between UCS-2 strings and Unicode code points for this:
// 'String.length' replacement that only counts full Unicode characters
punycode.ucs2.decode('a').length; // 1
punycode.ucs2.decode('𝌆').length; // 1 (note that ''𝌆'.length == 2'!)
P.S. I just noticed the counter script that Stack Overflow uses gets this wrong. Try entering 𝌆, and you'll see that it (incorrectly) counts as two characters.
share|improve this answer
𝌆 isn't even supported by standard Microsoft web fonts, so the likelihood of its usage is quite low, imho. EDIT: I could be wrong... It definitely doesn't appear in the answer body above, tho. – bvukelic Jul 25 '12 at 12:34
It's just an example. Feel free to replace it with any astral (i.e. non-BMP) Unicode symbol. – Mathias Bynens Jul 25 '12 at 13:16
Thanks for pointing that out. Most english speakers overlook that problem. – Gastón Sánchez Jan 6 '14 at 3:38
Use keyup event:
0
var inp = document.getElementById('myinput');
var chars = document.getElementById('chars');
inp.onkeyup = function() {
 chars.innerHTML = inp.value.length;
Just a note for those that suggest keydown. That won't work. The keydown fires before character is added to the input box or textarea, so the length of the value would be wrong (one step behind). Therefore, the only solution that works is keyup, which fires after the character is added.
share|improve this answer
I suggest you post your code here too - its more helpful when the target site it unavailable – ManseUK Jun 15 '12 at 8:08
Thanks for suggestion. Updated. – bvukelic Jun 15 '12 at 8:12
This is outdated advice. Use the more appropriate input event where available, then fall back to keyup/keydown. Also, note that this doesn't count the number of symbols in the string correctly. – Mathias Bynens Jun 15 '12 at 9:42
It might not be cutting edge, but it seems to work rather well. It's certainly not deprecated (at least not to my knowledge). – bvukelic Jun 15 '12 at 9:44
_USER_ The keyup event won't fire if you enter text by pasting (without using the keyboard), or by dragging text in; or when dictating text, for example. The input event does. As a bonus, the input event fires before you even lift up your key — making it feel much faster. – Mathias Bynens Jun 15 '12 at 13:08
You should bind a function to keyup event
textarea.keyup = function(){
with jquery
 var length = $(this).val().length;
share|improve this answer
function cool(d)
it will return the length of string
Instead of blur use keydown event
share|improve this answer
 var myString ='sample String'; var length = myString.length ;
first you need to defined a keypressed handler or some kind of a event trigger to listen, btw, getting the length is really simple like mentioned above
share|improve this answer
The quick and dirty way would be to simple bind to the keyup event. For example : _URL_
 $('_TAG_').text('you typed'+ this.value.length +'characters');
But better would be to bind a reusable function to several events. For example also to the change(), so you can also anticipate text changes such as pastes (with the context menu, shortcuts would also be caught by the keyup )
share|improve this answer
I'm not sure what you mean by having tried it onblur, but to get the length of any string, use its.length property, so in the case of a textbox or textarea:
Changing that ID, of course, to whatever the actual ID is.
share|improve this answer
The OP is talking about the event used - onblur – ManseUK Jun 15 '12 at 8:09
Basically: assign a keyup handler to the element, in it count the length of the and write the count to a separate if its length is shorter than a minimum value.
Here's is an example
share|improve this answer
Your Answer


It won't be the first time and certainly not the last; the plane assigned for your trade has been delayed. Bummerrr! As an importer of fruit and vegetables, you especially want to know: How long will the delay last? When will my pallets arrive? And you will think with concern: will the quality of the fruit and vegetables still be the same? Where do those delays come from and how can you avoid delays? We asked one of our airfreight agents.
Where do the delays come from?
The transport chain from 'farm to fork' is often long and because so many parties are involved, there are also various reasons that cause delays. Below we name a few:
 - One of the reasons is that too much trade has been accepted by the airline, causing a back log. I can hear you thinking: why does an airline take one extra trade and leave the fresh products behind? This is due to the relatively lower transport costs for the fruit and vegetable sector. Especially in this time of Corona, which means there is less air traffic, airlines are having a hard time financially and trade is being looked at more profitable business like medicines and machines. These parties are willing to pay more for the space on the plane and for that reason space is made and (part of) the fruit and vegetable trade remains at the airport.
 - Another possibility is damage to parts of an aircraft. Then there are three options: repair the plane, use another plane to fly to the destination or cancel the flight at all. Any option will cause delay. If the flight is cancelled, a number of airlines will postpone each flight, creating a snowball effect, which also delays the trade of every other flight. When another device is used, there may be less space available and trading may be delayed as a result.
 - If the trade is delivered too late, it will arrive at the aircraft too late and cannot be taken on board.
 - Human errors are often also made. Think of leaving a skid or taking too much trade when it won't fit. Airlines that are very reliable in terms of delays from experience; CargoLux and Singapore Airlines.
Fruits and vegetables versus medicines
Why do airlines still schedule fruit and vegetables at all if they can earn more from other items such as medicines? The reason for airlines to transport fruit and vegetables, despite low rates, is the continuity with which they place orders over the year.
Can we be informed sooner of delays?
There is often quite a bit of discussion about the provision of information about delays. In some cases, customers are even more aware than agents. This may be due to the time difference, but also to the lack of information or miscommunications from the airlines. Temperature loggers are sent along with orders where temperature plays an important role. You could already notice a delay from here, unfortunately no separate notifications are sent from here to report a delay.
How do we solve delays?
We hardly have any influence on the airlines and human errors, but what everyone in the the entire chain can do is, among other things:
 - Customers to place orders in time with BE Fresh
 - Meeting deadlines and communicating about the status
 - Arrival of trucks with the right temperature to load the cargo straight away
 - Send the correct documents.
In short, we all have to be sharp to avoid creating our own delay.


DEV Community
Soak Testing Introduction
testingnews1 profile image TestingNews ・5 min read
Soak Testing
If you plan to achieve or look to maintain the maximum performance of your systems during operating hours, you may need a few performance tests verifying your system's stability and load during the final phase of the development cycle. This kind of tests is called soak tests, which help you discover immediate performance-related problems—such as memory leaks or resources leaks—before the release of the product on a particular platform.
What is Soak Testing?
Soak testing (otherwise known as endurance testing, capacity testing, or longevity testing) involves testing the system to detect the performance-related issues such as stability and response time by requesting the designed load on a system. The system is then evaluated to see whether it could perform well under a significant load for an extended period, thereby measuring its reaction and analyzing its behavior under sustained use. Soak testing is a type of load testing.
There is a myriad of soak testing tools these days, such as LoadStorm, LoadRunner, LoadUI, OpenSTA, Apache JMeter, Appvance, and WebLoad.
Besides, there are some supporting tools that make sure your system works properly under normal conditions, such as Katalon Studio, Selenium, Robot framework.
Examples of Soak Testing
Ideally, a soak test should run as long as possible, though it will depend on the system for you to determine the duration of your test. Below are some examples when soak testings can be considered:
 - When a bank announces that it will be closing, its system is expected to handle a large number of transactions during the closing days of the bank. This event is rare and unexpected, but your system has to handle this unlikely situation anyway.
 - A system needs to withstand the period of no on-call staff. Usually, this will happen when the staff doesn't work on the weekend, so the soak test would prove the system's ability to function for a period longer than a weekends-worth of non-stop operation.
 - Your system is required to process 1000 transactions in 1 hour. You may need to test not only this capability but also go beyond this requirement: testing 1000 transactions in half an hour or 2000 in 1 hour.
Several Considerations for Soak Testing
 - A soak test duration is often decided by the system's availability.
 - Every application must run without interruption.
 - Each system normally has a frequent maintenance window time; such period will be the key factor in deciding the scope of a soak test.
Why Should You Perform a Soak Test?
Soak testing is mainly used to identify and optimize potential problems, such as memory leaks, resource leaks, or degradation that could happen over time, to avoid impaired performance or system errors. While stress tests will help the development team to test the system to its limits, soak testing takes the system to its limits over a sustained period of use. In other words, soak testing allows the team to mimic the real world usage, in which the users will constantly need access to the system.
Advantages that Soak Testing Brings
 - It guarantees the application's fitness.
 - It detects bugs that could not be found by other performance tests.
 - It spots the deterioration in performance, which could happen under high continuous load, and helps to fix those issues so that the application will be more robust.
 - It shows how sustainably the system runs over time.
 - The test result could be used to validate or improve customers' infrastructure demands.
Challenges of Soak Testing?
 - The test is a time-consuming process, and it would be inconvenient to be conducted on a project with very strict time constraints.
 - You need to use an automation tool together with technical expertise since soak tests run over an extended period of time and consume a lot of data.
 - It is often difficult to determine how much test is worth applying.
 - If the test environment is not correctly detached from the live production environment, the errors found by the soak test could negatively impact the whole working system, causing data loss or data corruption permanently.
When to do Soak Testing?
Before a system is released on a particular platform to clients, it must successfully undergo a series of load tests at higher or similar traffic levels. Then you execute the soak test. Soak testing will help you to see how the system runs for a continuous availability period. If there are any issues like memory leaks or memory corruption during the test, it should be reported immediately.
Since the process could take time as long as a day, soak testing should be done over the weekends, although it also depends entirely on the test situation's restrictions.
Soak testing is now one of the most vital requirements that any team must strictly comply with for a successful deployment.
Soak Testing Strategies
Before performing a soak test, you need to take a bird-eye view of the system and determine:
 - Testing Environment:
 Figure out which hardware, software, database, and operating system to perform the soak test.
 - Test Scenarios:
 Since soak testing is an extensive process, it is important to design, review, and finalize the test scenarios before performing any tests. Here, the development team also needs to determine how heavy the load that will be put on the system.
Test Estimation:
The duration of the soak test is essential depending on the scope of the system. It also depends on the involvement of the development team and clients, actual production use, and more.
 - Risk Analysis: Consider some questions, such as: How the soak test remains consistent over use? Are there any bugs that have yet to be detected? Are there any external interferences that will cause the systems to go down?
What are the Common Issues that Soak Testing Detects?
 - Memory allocation (memory leaks which finally lead to a memory crisis or rounding failures that only display over time).
 - Database resource usage (errors when closing the database cursors under certain conditions that would eventually cause the entire system to come to a standstill).
 - It can also bring about a deterioration in performance, that is, to make sure that the response time after an extended period is as good as it is when the test starts.
 - Errors when closing connections between tiers of a multilayer system under certain circumstances that could block some or all of its modules.
 - The gradual deterioration in the response time of some tasks as internal data-structures are less organized over an extended test period.
Before doing any soak testing, it is important to ensure that your system works properly under normal conditions. Katalon Studio provides a simple solution for the software testing system, helping the development cycle run smoothly and guaranteeing a successful deployment.
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ComEd Owned Street Light Audit
Like a lot of communities around Chicago, The Village of Glencoe has a small collection of street lights that they own and maintain. The rest of the lights are owned and maintained by ComEd, and The Village is then billed for their usage. ComEd provides The Village of Glencoe with a list of all the lights in its database that are within Glencoe's village limits. The Public Works department asked the GIS Department to see if all the lights could be mapped out and then analyzed to make sure that The Village was being billed correctly and that ComEd had the right information for each street light that they owned.
The GIS Department began using a combination of address information, aerial imagery, and Google Streetview to find the locations of each street light provided by ComEd. First, the street light locations were mapped against the Village's address and street range databases placing them in the general vicinity. Then by using a combination of aerial imagery and Google Streetview, the locations of each light were narrowed down. Any street lights in the ComEd database that can't be mapped will be then marked in the database and the Village will have to have discussions with ComEd to figure out the discrepancy. When the street light mapping is completed, The Village of Glencoe will then be assured that they are being billed correctly for their street light usage and that their own street light database is up-to-date.


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We have studied the magnetoelectric coupling of the frustrated triangular antiferromagnet iron jarosite using Raman spectroscopy, dielectric measurements and specific heat. Temperature dependent capacitance measurements show an anomaly in the dielectric constant at TN. Specific heat data indicate the presence of a low frequency Einstein mode at low temperature. Raman spectroscopy confirms the presence of a new mode below TN that can be attributed to folding of the Brillouin zone. This mode shifts and sharpens below TN. We evaluate the strength of the magnetoelectric coupling using the symmetry unrestricted biquadratic magnetoelectric terms in the free energy.
- Phonon mode
- Frustrated triangular antiferromagnet