text:
Objective: To describe a technique for treating pyometra in dogs using a 3-portal laparoscopic-assisted ovariohysterectomy (LAOVH) and evaluate outcome. Study Design: Retrospective case series. Animals: Dogs (n=12). Methods: Dogs with open or closed-cervix pyometra with moderately sized (1-4cm) uterine horn diameters based on preoperative ultrasonography and no evidence of perforation were included in the study. A 3-portal technique for LAOVH was used. A wound retraction device was inserted into the caudal portal after enlargement of the incision to 3-4cm to simplify removal of the uterus with minimal tension. Results: Twelve dogs (median weight, 23.3kg; range, 2.1-46.0kg) met the inclusion criteria. Median uterine diameter was 3.0cm (range, 1.2-4.0cm). Median surgical time for LAOVH was 107minutes (range, 82-120minutes). Complications included mild hemorrhage from the uterine vessels in 1 dog during uterine removal through the wound retraction device and intra-abdominal uterine rupture in 1 dog which necessitated conversion to an open approach. All dogs recovered from surgery and were discharged. Conclusions: LAOVH can be used for treatment of select cases of canine pyometra. Careful case selection is mandatory to improve success and minimize conversion to an open approach. Gentle handling of the reproductive organs is imperative to avoid iatrogenic uterine rupture.
ASJC Scopus subject areas


text:
Task: Determine the characteristics of a hole in corrugated stainless steel tubing (CSST).
Approach: We examined the CSST visually, then subsequent examination was performed using a stereo microscope and with SEM.
Solution: The examinations showed evidence of melting around the hole edges, edge sharpness, and spatter in areas around the hole. These features indicate a hole that was formed very rapidly, such as during arcing from a lightning strike.
Task: Use laser scanning to digitally assemble a blowout preventer (BOP) and determine the tightening of the fit between parts.
Approach: We converted laser scan files into solid models using AutoCAD. In CAD, parts were assembled ensuring no interference. A grid was used for systematic measurements.
Solution: We reconstructed the assembly at the time of the incident by matching the erosion patterns on digital pieces. We were then able to quantify gaps between parts.
Task: Investigate how the teeth of a dirt rotary mixer can generate a longitudinal crack in a pipe by gouging it.
Approach: We utilized Finite Element Analysis (FEA) simulations to recreate the gouging.
Solution: Our failure analysis indicated not only where the crack occurred, but how the pipe wall deformed as well. We found that reversing back the bow in the pipe wall with internal pressure created severe loading and cracking.
Some examples of MEG projects and solutions are shown below:
Task: Determine the load necessary to bend a riser attachment welded to a cylindrical pressure vessel.
Approach: We constructed a fixture to match the geometry of the incident pressure vessel and provide proper support. We applied and monitored the loads using instrumentation.
Solution: We recreated the incident scenario in a controlled laboratory setting and found the load necessary to achieve the desired level of rotation.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
Green Growth Wales »The proposed Green Growth Wales fund aims to increase and accelerate projects to deliver green investment in Wales.Learn more »
New figures show a big rise in the number of affordable homes in Wales
The Welsh Government is on course to meet its ambitious target of providing 10,000 additional affordable homes by May 2016.
- International tourism to Wales increasing
- Regeneration is central to tackling poverty and encouraging economic growth, says Minister at national summit
- New figures show a big rise in the number of affordable homes in Wales
In this section
- Business and economy
- Children and young people
- Culture and sport
- Education and skills
- Environment and countryside
- Equality and diversity
- Health and social care
- Review of the existing policy on disposal of higher activity radioactive waste
- Human Transplantation (Wales) Act 2013: new regulations
- National Training Framework on gender-based violence, domestic abuse and sexual violence
- Extending access to intermediary services for descendants and relatives of adopted people
- Review of the Childcare Sufficiency Assessment Duty on Local Authorities
- Travelling to better health
Section highlightHousing (Wales) Act 2014The Act introduces significant improvements across the housing sector to ensure that people have access to a decent, affordable home and better housing-related services.
Legislative programme 2014 - 2015 »
Bills that the Welsh Government will bring forward in 2014/2015.Learn more »
Section highlightWales for Africa grant
The Wales for Africa grant supports projects that build mutually beneficial links between Wales and Sub-Saharan Africa.
Draft Budget 2015-16 »
The amount of funding allocated to Welsh Government Departments for 2015-16 is £15·3bn.Learn more »
- Statistics & Research
- Affordable housing provision
- Assembly Learning Grants (ALG) awarded to Welsh domiciled further education students
- Delayed transfers of care
- Evaluation of the Education Maintenance Allowance and Assembly Learning Grant
- Great Britain Day Visits Survey
- Great Britain Tourism Survey
- Jobs Growth Wales
- Reserves held by schools
Upcoming calendar »
See the schedule for all statistics and research releases.View upcoming calendar »
An annual report which includes information on registered members, accreditation, projects, workforce and finance.
- Around 117,200 young people were registered members of the statutory Youth Work provision in Wales. This figure represented 20 per cent of the population of 11 to 25 year olds in Wales.
- Around 12,300 young people received a nationally recognised accreditation during the year, representing 11 per cent of the registered membership.
- At March 2014, there were 811 full-time equivalent (FTE) Youth Work delivery staff working across local authorities in Wales.
- The total income and expenditure for Youth Work provision in 2013-14 was over £40 million
Tel: _PHONE_ 3357


text:
Last week I talked about the character 秘 mì mysterious / mystery that I am going to use in my Ming Dynasty trilogy covers. There are other characters with the definition of mystery or mysterious. Another one is 神 shén. However, when the character shén is used it implies mystery in the sense of spiritual. One way for a non-native Chinese speaker to discover which character is best is to look up what other words use that particular character. This gives a good idea of the underlying connotation versus the character's denotation. For shén [using the on-line dictionary _URL_ we do find the word mysterious/mystery with both 神秘 shén mì and it is defined as "mysterious / mystery." However, there are many other words which use shén and refer to the divine, to Daoism, mythology, mystical, gods, and the miraculous.
What does this imply? Well, if you are writing a mystery which centers on the supernatural and paranormal, perhaps you would want to use the character 神 shén versus 秘 mì because it implies a particular kind of mystery or mysterious event. It subtly alters your readers to another layer of meaning and insight.
Another character which can mean mystery is 玄 xuán. When xuán is used as a part of a word, we find a predominance of words referring to philosophical and spiritual schools of thought—Daoism, Buddhism, Confucianism. Xuán is also used in word combinations that refer to something being abstruse, simply difficult to understand. So, again, we find that although 玄 xuán can be used to mean mystery, it has a different underlying connotation from both神 shén and 秘 mì.
When choosing a Chinese word we have so many choices because each character used in creating that particular word brings with it a strong intellectual and emotional component. So, while my Mei-hua trilogy has religious and folk traditions included, they are a part of the cultural background of the period, not the central component of the stories, therefore, the character I chose was 秘 mì.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
PORT TOWNSEND — What infrastructure would allow you to feel comfortable about riding a bicycle on a busy street?
This is the kind of information a city of Port Townsend survey aims to collect. The answers will inform the design of pedestrian and bicycle improvements planned for a roughly half-mile stretch of Discovery Road from Salish Coast Elementary to the roundabout at Rainier Street.
The survey, which closes Nov. 15, presents respondents with potential designs for bike lanes — whether directly adjacent to the street or separated by some type of buffer.
"We really want to strive to accommodate as many types of bicyclists as possible, and there are certain types of facilities that do a better job of that," said David Sexon, a landscape architect with MacLeod Reckord, a consultant on the project, during a Sept. 16 transportation committee meeting.
"We now know in the bicycle-planning profession that there is a wide swath of the population that is interested in cycling but will not try it because they perceive it as being dangerous."
More than 50 percent of the population fits into that category, Sexon said, and it's because "people are afraid of traffic, which is pretty intuitive."
The roadway — which serves as one of two main routes into and out of the city, with the other being the state highway — has relatively narrow, banked lanes with no sidewalks and few intersections. Though the speed limit is 25 mph, the average speed is closer 35 mph, said Laura Parsons, a city engineer serving as project manager for these improvements.
"This project is going to serve commuters and adjacent residences, school children and their families, and recreational [bicycle] riders," Parsons said, noting the road currently handles about 5,200 vehicles per day, and that's expected to rise as the area is further developed.
"Right now, it's not very safe to use your bike or walk along there," she said.
At the moment, the mostly grant-funded project is estimated to cost about $2.5 million and be completed by October 2022, but city staff are hoping to land another grant on Nov. 20 from the state Transportation Improvement Board.
That would double the project's total funding and expand its scope, allowing for the road to be repaved and for sidewalks and bikeways to be constructed on both sides of the road rather than just one, which is currently the plan.
The city's contribution comes to $250,000 in matching funds for the grants, plus a couple hundred thousand dollars in utility revenues to improve water lines and stormwater drainage, Parsons said.
With all this, Public Works Director Steve King said he's heard concerns that the project is already designed, but that process won't begin until next spring, he said.
"I can understand why it might have appeared that way," he told the city's transportation committee in September. "When we do grants, you have to do drawings, and that makes it look like the design is figured out. We have a long ways to go before this project is figured out."
Jefferson County senior reporter Nicholas Johnson can be reached by phone at _PHONE_ or by email at [email protected].


OptM
Estimating the optimal number of migration edges from Treemix
Description
This package uses results from the population software 'Treemix' by Pickrell and Pritchard (2012) DOI:10.1371/journal.pgen._PHONE_ to estimate the optimal number of migrations edges to add to the tree. Previously, it was customary to stop adding migration edges when 99.8% of variation in the data was explained, but optM automates this process using an ad hoc statistic based on the second order rate of change in the log likelihood. OptM has added functionality for various threshold modeling to compare with the ad hoc statistic. The various methods are:
Install OptM (from an R console)
Preparing the input files
To run OptM, you will need a folder of output files produced by Treemix v1.13. The function optM will automatically search the folder for the stem.llik, stem.modelcov.gz, and stem.cov.gz files; where "stem" is that provided to the -o parameter of treemix. It is recommended, but not required, to use stem in the format stem.i.M; where
In order for optM to function properly, you must run:
NOTE: There will be an error check to see if there is variation across iterations for each M. In other words, if the data are very robust, you may get the same likelihood across all runs, thus the standard deviation across runs is zero and the ad hoc statistic is undefined. In this case, try making larger variations in the dataset (subsetting the SNPs, varying -k in treemix, or other method of permutation/bootstrap).
Below is an example run of treemix from a UNIX terminal for M={1-10} and 5 iterations per M:
for m in {1..10}
 do
 for i in {1..5}
 do
 treemix \
 -i test.treemix.gz \
 -o test.${i}.${m} \
 -global \
 -m ${m} \
 -k 1000
 done
done
To run OptM in R:
Version History
Citation
Fitak, R. R. (2018) optM: an R package to optimize the number of migration edges using threshold models. Journal of Heredity [in prep]
Contact
Robert Fitak
Department of Biology
Duke University
USA
_EMAIL_


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Connect to Cloud SQL for SQL Server from SSMS
This page shows you how to create and connect to a SQL Server instance and perform basic SQL operations by using the Google Cloud console and a client. The resources created in this quickstart typically cost less than a dollar, assuming you complete the steps, including the cleanup, in a timely manner.
Before you begin
 1. Sign in to your Google Cloud account. If you're new to Google Cloud, create an account to evaluate how our products perform in real-world scenarios. New customers also get $300 in free credits to run, test, and deploy workloads.
 2. In the Google Cloud console, on the project selector page, select or create a Google Cloud project.
 Go to project selector
 3. Make sure that billing is enabled for your Cloud project. Learn how to check if billing is enabled on a project.
 4. In the Google Cloud console, on the project selector page, select or create a Google Cloud project.
 Go to project selector
 5. Make sure that billing is enabled for your Cloud project. Learn how to check if billing is enabled on a project.
 6. Enable the necessary Google Cloud APIs.
 Console
 In the Google Cloud console, go to the APIs page.
 Go to APIs
 Enable the Cloud SQL Admin API.
 gcloud
 Click the following button to open Cloud Shell, which provides command-line access to your Google Cloud resources directly from the browser. Cloud Shell can be used to run the gcloud commands presented throughout this quickstart.
 Open Cloud Shell
 Run the gcloud services enable command as follows using Cloud Shell to enable the APIs required for this quickstart.:
 gcloud services enable sqladmin.googleapis.com
 This command enables the following APIs:
 - Cloud SQL Admin API
Set up Cloud SQL
Create a Cloud SQL instance
In this quickstart, you use the Google Cloud console. To use the Google Cloud CLI, cURL, or PowerShell, see Create instances.
 1. In the Google Cloud console, go to the Cloud SQL Instances page.
 Go to Cloud SQL Instances
 2. Click Create Instance.
 3. Click Choose SQL Server.
 4. Enter myinstance for Instance ID.
 5. Enter a password for the sqlserver user.
 6. Click Create.
 You're returned to the instances list. You can click the new instance right away to see the details, but it won't be available for other operations until it initializes and starts.
Connect to your instance by using SQL Server Management Studio
 1. Install the Google Cloud CLI. The Google Cloud CLI provides the gcloud CLI to interact with Cloud SQL and other Google Cloud services. The gcloud CLI uses the Admin API to access Cloud SQL, so you must Enable the Admin API before using the gcloud CLI to access Cloud SQL.
 2. In a bash shell command prompt or in Windows PowerShell, run the following command to initialize the gcloud CLI:
 gcloud init

 3. Run the following command to authenticate the gcloud CLI:
 gcloud auth login

 4. Download and install the Cloud SQL Auth proxy (see Installing the Cloud SQL Auth proxy). Note the location of the Cloud SQL Auth proxy because you will run the Cloud SQL Auth proxy in next step.
 5. Run the Cloud SQL Auth proxy by using a bash shell command prompt (or by using Windows PowerShell). Specifically, run the following command, replacing Instance-connection-name with the corresponding value from the Google Cloud console's Overview tab (for your instance):
 ./cloud_sql_proxy -instances=INSTANCE_CONNECTION_NAME=tcp:1433

For more information about installing and using the Cloud SQL Auth proxy, see About the Cloud SQL Auth proxy.
As described in the next section, now you can connect to your SQL Server instance by using SSMS and the localhost IP address.
Connect using the SSMS Object Explorer
 1. In SSMS, select Connect Object Explorer from the File menu.
 Selecting the Object Explorer
 2. Enter the following values in the Connection dialog:
 1. For Server Type, enter Database Engine.
 2. For Server Name, enter 127.0.0.1 as the IP address of your SQL Server instance.
 3. For Authentication, enter SQL Server Authentication.
 4. For Login, enter sqlserver.
 5. For Password, enter the password used when the instance was created.
 3. Click the Connect button.
Create a database and upload data
 1. In the SSMS Object Explorer window, right-click the Databases node under your instance and select New Database.
 Selecting New Database
 2. Enter testdb for the Database name and click the OK button.
 Enter database name of testdb in the dialog
 3. Under the newly created testdb database, right-click the Tables node and select New > Table.
 Select New Table
 4. Enter the following values in the Create table dialog:
 1. In the Properties window, for Identity > Name, enter guestbook.
 2. For the first Column Name, enter entryID, set its Data Type to int, and clear the Allow Nulls checkbox.
 1. In the Column Properties window, expand the Identity Specification item and set (Is Identity) to Yes.
 3. For the second Column Name, enter guestname and set its Data Type to varchar(255).
 4. For the third Column Name, enter content and set its Data Type to varchar(255).
 Enter values for a table
 5. Click the File menu and select Save guestbook.
 Save the guestbook table
 6. Right-click the testdb table under Databases and select New Query.
 For testdb, select New Query
 7. Enter the following two INSERT statements into the SQL query text window and click the Execute button.
 INSERT INTO guestbook (guestName, content) values ('first guest', 'I got here!');

 INSERT INTO guestbook (guestName, content) values ('second guest', 'Me too!');

 As an example: Enter two Insert statements
 8. Expand the Tables item under the Databases > testdb item in the Object Explorer window. Right-click the dbo.guestbook table and choose Select Top 1000 Rows.
 Select the top rows
The two records you inserted are displayed as Results, along with the SQL SELECT statement used to query the records.
View the results of your query
Clean up
To avoid incurring charges to your Google Cloud account for the resources used on this page, follow these steps.
 1. In the Google Cloud console, go to the Cloud SQL Instances page.
 Go to Cloud SQL Instances
 2. Select the myinstance instance to open the Instance details page.
 3. In the icon bar at the top of the page, click Delete.
 4. In the Delete instance window, type your instance's name and then click Delete.
Optional cleanup steps
If you're not using the APIs that were enabled as part of this quickstart, you can disable them.
 - APIs that were enabled within this quickstart:
 - Cloud SQL Admin API
 1. In the Google Cloud console, go to the APIs page.
 Go to APIs
 2. Select the Cloud SQL Admin API and then click the Disable API button.
What's next


text:
- To avoid the Doppler effect when moving a sound source rapidly (i.e. sudden change in delay time resulting in a pitch shift), the program crossfades between the previous delay time and the new delay time.
- This approach is good for avoiding the Doppler effect, but has led to discontinuities in the signal. These result from reading from the wrong part of the delay line.
- Adding filtering to simulate the walls absorption of the sound seems to worsen the discontinuities apparent in the crossfading case.
A potential solution we are working on right now is to have one set of filters for the signal that is faded out, and another for the signal that is faded in. These filter sets are being swapped to avoid discontinuities. Moving the filter swap to the start of the crossfade, rather than the end, seems to have resolved the issue.


GATE Questions & Answers of Transient and steady state analysis of LTI systems
What is the Weightage of Transient and steady state analysis of LTI systems in GATE Exam?
Total 21 Questions have been asked from Transient and steady state analysis of LTI systems topic of Control Systems subject in previous GATE papers. Average marks 1.48.
A closed-loop control system is stable if the Nyquist plot of the corresponding open-loop transfer function
The number and direction of encirclements around the point -1+0 in the complex plane by the Nyquist plot of Gs=1-s4+2s is
In the feedback system shown below GS=1s+1s+2s+3 .
The positive value of k for which the gain margin of the loop is exactly 0 dB and the phase margin of the loop is exactly zero degree is ________
The asymptotic Bode phase plot of GS=ks+0.1s+10s+p1 , with k and p1 both positive, is shown below.
The value of p1 is ________
In the circuit shown, the switch SW is thrown from position A to position B at time t= 0. The energy (in $ \mathrm{μJ} $) taken from the 3 V source to charge the 0.1 μF capacitor from 0 V to 3 V is

The polar plot of the transfer Gs=10s+1s+10 for 0ω< will be in the
In the circuit shown, switch SW is closed at t = 0. Assuming zero initial conditions, the value of vc(t) (in Volts) at t = 1 sec is _____.

In the circuit shown, the initial voltages across the capacitors C1 and C2 are 1 V and 3 V, respectively. The switch is closed at time t =0. The total energy dissipated (in Joules) in the resistor R until steady state is reached, is _______.
The transfer function of a mass-spring damper system is given by
Gs=1Ms2+Bs+k
The frequency response data for the system are given in the following table.
ω in rad/s |G()| in dB arg (G()) in deg
0.01 -18.5 -0.2
0.1 -18.5 -1.3
0.2 -18.4 -2.6
1 -16 -16.9
2 -11.4 -89.4
3 -21.5 -151
5 -32.8 -167
10 -45.3 -174.5
The unit step response of the system approaches a steady state value of____.
Consider the Bode plot shown in the figure. Assume that all the poles and zeros are real-valued.
The value of fH – fL (in Hz) is ______.
The phase margin (in degrees) of the system Gs=10ss+10 is _____.
Consider the feedback system shown in the figure. The Nyquist plot of G(s) is also shown. Which one of the following conclusions is correct?
The phase margin in degrees of Gs=10s+0.1s+1s+10 calculated using the asymptotic Bode plot is ________.
The Bode asymptotic magnitude plot of a minimum phase system is shown in the figure.
If the system is connected in a unity negative feedback configuration, the steady state error of the closed loop system, to a unit ramp input, is_________.
In a Bode magnitude plot, which one of the following slopes would be exhibited at high frequencies by a 4th order all-pole system?
Which one of the following statements is NOT TRUE for a continuous time causal and stable LTI system?
For the transfer function G=5+, the corresponding Nyquist plot for positive frequency has the form
For the asymptotic Bode magnitude plot shown below, the system transfer function can be
The Nyquist plot of a stable transfer function G(s) is shown in the figure. We are interested in the stability of the closed loop system in the feedback configuration shown.
Which of the following statements is true?
The Nyquist plot of a stable transfer function G(s) is shown in the figure. We are interested in the stability of the closed loop system in the feedback configuration shown.
The gain and phase margins of G(s) for closed loop stability are
The asymptotic Bode plot of a transfer function is as shown in the figure. The transfer function G(s) corresponding to this Bode plot is


Euglena animation
The euglena is unique because it is sort of like a plant and also like an animal. It is pear shaped. It has a whippy tail called a flagellum that allows it to move through the water.
The euglena is different than other protozoans because it has chlorophyll in it, the substance that plants contain to make their own food. The euglena is then able to make its own food like a plant when it is in the sunlight. When it is in darkness, however, it can get food like an animal. It takes in tiny plants and animals much like the ameba and paramecium.
The euglena has a bright red eyespot which is sensitive to light and helps the euglena find light.
The euglena reproduces by fission, splitting lengthwise in two. The flagellum goes with one part and the other part grows a new flagellum.
When it is too hot or cold for a euglena, it forms a protective casing called a cyst around its body that protects it until conditions outside the cyst become better.
Clams - Mollusks Starfish - Echinoderms Chordates Fish Amphibians
Reptiles Birds Mammals Animals Activities Animals Index


text:
line spread function
Also found in: Acronyms.
line spread func·tion (LSF),
a measure of the ability of a system to form sharp images; in radiology, determined by measuring the spatial density distribution on film of the x-ray image of a narrow slit in a dense metal, such as uranium; from this can be calculated the modulation transfer function.
line spread function (LSF)
a graph obtained from the image of a narrow line, which quantifies the amount of blur produced by an imaging system.


text:
|Origin:||mangler, from Old French maynier; MAIM|
to damage or injure something badly by crushing or twisting it:
The trap closed round her leg, badly mangling her ankle.
to spoil something such as a speech or piece of music, by saying or playing it badly:
The orchestra had mangled Bach's music.
—mangled adjective [only before noun]
the mangled remains of the aircraft


text:
GOLDFIELD, Nev. — The Esmeralda County School District has adopted a policy that allows students to speak Spanish while riding the school bus, revoking a ban that was approved by its school board in October.
The prohibition on speaking Spanish had affected about a dozen students from a farming and ranching community in Esmeralda County, who are bused by the district to a high school in neighboring Nye County.
The district implemented the new policy — which states, "There is no general rule prohibiting Spanish on any of our buses" — after it received a letter from the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU).
"The school district understands that students have a constitutional right to free speech," said Gary Peck, executive director of the ACLU of Nevada. "Once the superintendent was informed that prohibiting students from speaking Spanish violated their rights, the school district was very willing to work out a policy that both encourages students to practice their English skills and allows them to speak their native language."
On the bus ride that the students take to return to Esmeralda County, there is an academic period for the first 45 minutes in which the students are required to do homework, study or read. During this period, the district asks that all students practice their English skills.
Students who are more proficient in English may speak Spanish while assisting those whose English is more limited. Students who are developing their English skills will work with a tutor who rides with them.
The second 45-minute period of the evening ride is considered free time, and students may speak to one another in any language they choose. Students may also speak to each other in the language of their choice during the morning bus ride.
When communicating with the bus driver and tutors, the district asks that students speak in English or ask another student to interpret if necessary, because the bus driver and the tutors don't speak Spanish.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Using Text Data Files
Impala supports using text files as the storage format for input and output. Text files are a convenient format to use for interchange with other applications or scripts that produce or read delimited text files, such as CSV or TSV with commas or tabs for delimiters.
Text files are flexible in their column definitions. For example, a text file could have more fields than the Impala table, and those extra fields are ignored during queries. Or it could have fewer fields than the Impala table, and those missing fields are treated as NULL values in queries.
You could have fields that were treated as numbers or timestamps in a table, then use ALTER TABLE ... REPLACE COLUMNS to switch them to strings, or the reverse.
Creating Text Tables
You can create tables with specific separator characters to import text files in familiar formats such as CSV, TSV, or pipe-separated with the FIELDS TERMINATED BY clause preceded by the ROW FORMAT DELIMITED clause. For example:
CREATE TABLE tsv(id INT, s STRING, n INT, t TIMESTAMP, b BOOLEAN)
 ROW FORMAT DELIMITED
 FIELDS TERMINATED BY '\t';
You can specify a delimiter character '\0' to use the ASCII 0 (nul) character for text tables.
You can also use these tables to produce output data files, by copying data into them through the INSERT ... SELECT syntax and then extracting the data files from the Impala data directory.
The data files created by any INSERT statements uses the Ctrl-A character (hex 01) as a separator between each column value.
Issue a DESCRIBE FORMATTED table_name statement to see the details of how each table is represented internally in Impala.
Complex type considerations: Although you can create tables in this file format using the complex types (ARRAY, STRUCT, and MAP), currently, Impala cannot query these types in text tables.
Data Files for Text Tables
When Impala queries a table with data in text format, it consults all the data files in the data directory for that table, with some exceptions:
 - Impala ignores any hidden files, that is, files whose names start with a dot or an underscore.
 - Impala queries ignore files with extensions commonly used for temporary work files by Hadoop tools. Any files with extensions .tmp or .copying are not considered part of the Impala table. The suffix matching is case-insensitive, so for example Impala ignores both .copying and .COPYING suffixes.
 - Impala uses suffixes to recognize when text data files are compressed text. For Impala to recognize the compressed text files, they must have the appropriate file extension corresponding to the compression codec, either .bz2, .gz, .snappy, or .zst, .deflate. The extensions can be in uppercase or lowercase.
 - Otherwise, the file names are not significant. When you put files into an HDFS directory through ETL jobs, or point Impala to an existing HDFS directory with the CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE statement, or move data files under external control with the LOAD DATA statement, Impala preserves the original filenames.
An INSERT ... SELECT statement produces one data file from each node that processes the SELECT part of the statement. An INSERT ... VALUES statement produces a separate data file for each statement; because Impala is more efficient querying a small number of huge files than a large number of tiny files, the INSERT ... VALUES syntax is not recommended for loading a substantial volume of data. If you find yourself with a table that is inefficient due to too many small data files, reorganize the data into a few large files by doing INSERT ... SELECT to transfer the data to a new table.
Do not surround string values with quotation marks in text data files that you construct. If you need to include the separator character inside a field value, for example to put a string value with a comma inside a CSV-format data file, specify an escape character on the CREATE TABLE statement with the ESCAPED BY clause, and insert that character immediately before any separator characters that need escaping.
Special values within text data files:
 - Impala recognizes the literal strings inf for infinity and nan for Not a Number, for FLOAT and DOUBLE columns.
 - Impala recognizes the literal string \N to represent NULL. When using Sqoop, specify the options --null-non-string and --null-string to ensure all NULL values are represented correctly in the Sqoop output files. \N needs to be escaped as in the below example:
 --null-string '\\N' --null-non-string '\\N'
 - By default, Sqoop writes NULL values using the string null, which causes a conversion error when such rows are evaluated by Impala. (A workaround for existing tables and data files is to change the table properties through ALTER TABLE name SET TBLPROPERTIES("serialization.null.format"="null").)
 - Impala can optionally skip an arbitrary number of header lines from text input files on HDFS based on the skip.header.line.count value in the TBLPROPERTIES field of the table metadata.
Loading Data into Text Tables
To load an existing text file into an Impala text table, use the LOAD DATA statement and specify the path of the file in HDFS. That file is moved into the appropriate Impala data directory.
To load multiple existing text files into an Impala text table, use the LOAD DATA statement and specify the HDFS path of the directory containing the files. All non-hidden files are moved into the appropriate Impala data directory.
Use the DESCRIBE FORMATTED statement to see the HDFS directory where the data files are stored, then use Linux commands such as hdfs dfs -ls hdfs_directory and hdfs dfs -cat hdfs_file to display the contents of an Impala-created text file.
When you create a text file for use with an Impala text table, specify \N to represent a NULL value.
If a text file has fewer fields than the columns in the corresponding Impala table, all the corresponding columns are set to NULL when the data in that file is read by an Impala query.
If a text file has more fields than the columns in the corresponding Impala table, the extra fields are ignored when the data in that file is read by an Impala query.
You can also use manual HDFS operations such as hdfs dfs -put or hdfs dfs -cp to put data files in the data directory for an Impala table. When you copy or move new data files into the HDFS directory for the Impala table, issue a REFRESH table_name statement in impala-shell before issuing the next query against that table, to make Impala recognize the newly added files.
Query Performance for Text Tables
Data stored in text format is relatively bulky, and not as efficient to query as binary formats such as Parquet. For the tables used in your most performance-critical queries, look into using more efficient alternate file formats.
For frequently queried data, you might load the original text data files into one Impala table, then use an INSERT statement to transfer the data to another table that uses the Parquet file format. The data is converted automatically as it is stored in the destination table.
For more compact data. consider using text data compressed in the gzip, bzip2, or Snappy formats. However, these compressed formats are not splittable so there is less opportunity for Impala to parallelize queries on them. You also have the choice to convert the data to Parquet using an INSERT ... SELECT statement to copy the original data into a Parquet table.
Using bzip2, deflate, gzip, Snappy-Compressed, or zstd Text Files
Impala supports using text data files that employ bzip2, deflate, gzip, Snappy, or zstd compression. These compression types are primarily for convenience within an existing ETL pipeline rather than maximum performance. Although it requires less I/O to read compressed text than the equivalent uncompressed text, files compressed by these codecs are not splittable and therefore cannot take full advantage of the Impala parallel query capability. Impala can read compressed text files written by Hive.
As each Snappy-compressed file is processed, the node doing the work reads the entire file into memory and then decompresses it. Therefore, the node must have enough memory to hold both the compressed and uncompressed data from the text file. The memory required to hold the uncompressed data is difficult to estimate in advance, potentially causing problems on systems with low memory limits or with resource management enabled. This memory overhead is reduced for bzip2-, deflate-, gzip-, and zstd-compressed text files. The compressed data is decompressed as it is read, rather than all at once.
To create a table to hold compressed text, create a text table with no special compression options. Specify the delimiter and escape character if required, using the ROW FORMAT clause.
Because Impala can query compressed text files but currently cannot write them, produce the compressed text files outside Impala and use the LOAD DATA statement, manual HDFS commands to move them to the appropriate Impala data directory. (Or, you can use CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE and point the LOCATION attribute at a directory containing existing compressed text files.)


text:
The density of toluene (C7H8) is 0.867 g/mL, and the density of thiophene (C4H4S) is 1.065 g/mL. A solution is made by dissolving 8.60 g of thiophene in 260 mL of toluene.
Calculate the mole fraction of thiophene in the solution.
Frequently Asked Questions
What scientific concept do you need to know in order to solve this problem?
Our tutors have indicated that to solve this problem you will need to apply the Mole Fraction concept. You can view video lessons to learn Mole Fraction. Or if you need more Mole Fraction practice, you can also practice Mole Fraction practice problems.


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100pcs Blueberry Flores Tropical Fruit Trees For Outdoor Spaces Patio Decor Balcony Greenery
Transform your outdoor space into a tropical paradise with our 100pcs Tropical Blueberry Tree Seeds. These exotic fruit tree seeds are perfect for adding a touch of greenery to your patio, balcony, or rooftop setting. The Blueberry Flores is a unique biennial variety that thrives in subtropical climates, ensuring a vibrant show of foliage and fruit in your own garden.
Crafted for the novice gardener, these seeds come with a very easy cultivating difficulty degree. So, even if you're new to gardening, you can enjoy the rewarding process of growing your own blueberry trees. The large size of the mature plant adds a grandeur to your space, creating a lush, verdant retreat.
Not only do these plants add aesthetic appeal, but they also serve a practical function by removing formaldehyde, a common indoor pollutant, from the air. They are a natural air purifier that helps you breathe cleaner and fresher air, adding to your overall well-being.
The Blueberry Flores seeds bloom in autumn, adding a splash of color to your space in a season when most plants are starting to fade. They are specifically suited for those born under the Pisces constellation, making them a thoughtful gift for Pisces friends and family members.
How to Plant 100pcs Tropical Blueberry Tree Seeds:
1. Start by choosing a sunny location for your blueberry tree. They prefer full sun but can tolerate partial shade.
2. Prepare the soil by removing any weeds or stones and working in organic matter to improve drainage.
3. Sow the seeds about 1/4 inch deep in the prepared soil.
4. Water the seeds gently but thoroughly, ensuring the soil stays consistently moist but not soggy.
5. After planting, expect to see germination in approximately 2-3 weeks.
6. Once the seedlings are a few inches tall, thin them out so each plant has enough room to grow.
7. Care for your blueberry tree by watering regularly and applying a balanced fertilizer as recommended.
Enjoy the beauty and bounty of your own tropical blueberry trees with our 100pcs Tropical Blueberry Tree Seeds. Order today and start your journey towards an enchanting outdoor oasis!
- Latin Name: Blueberry Flores
- Planting Season: Best planted in early spring or autumn
- Germination Rate: Approximately 70-80%
- Grown Plant Size: Mature plant reaches a large size, perfect for creating a lush, green retreat
- Time to Maturity: Biennial plant – reaches full maturity in its second year
- Soil Type: Prefers well-drained soil, enriched with organic matter
- Watering: Requires regular watering, but ensure soil is not waterlogged
- Sunlight: Thrives in full sun, but can tolerate partial shade
- Uses: Ideal for outdoor spaces, patios, balconies, and rooftops. Also functions as an air purifier by removing formaldehyde
- Deer Resistance: Yes
- Pest and Disease Resistance: Known for its resilience against common pests and plant diseases
- Spacing Requirements: Ensure each plant has enough space to grow
- Companion Plants: Can be planted alongside other subtropical plants for a diverse garden
- Harvesting Instructions: Blueberries can be harvested when they are fully ripe and have reached a deep blue color


text:
Bidri ware is a unique traditional art form made with mixture of zinc and copper, which is magically turned into deep dark black color at the end of the process. Sophisticated design motifs are inlayed to create glittering white contrast over black background. The traditional Bidri products are symbol of royal life, aesthetically adorns living spaces. Products such as hookah, shehnai – flower vase are created with Mughal motifs and star motifs, surai-type of vase in different shape and motif, ugaldaan, boxes, zalabchi, muqaba or round containers with dome-shaped lids, flower vases. Images of animals like elephant, horse camel are created. Birds like peacock, swan also include in the products.
Many of Bidri themes are inspired by Mughal motifs presented in geometrical and flower patterns. Bidri creations have traditional name according to style of creation.
Inlaying methods tarkashi done using silver wires. Flower and petal motifs are created with silver sheet is called taihnishan. Mehatabi kaam, reversal of surfaces where the design is cut out in sheet metal and is inlaid. Embossed design is said as Munnavat kari. Verses from the Quran in Arabic script are also include in the themes.


text: The Kepler focal plane is approximately one foot square. It's composed of 25 individually mounted modules. The four corner modules are used for fine guiding and the other 21 modules are used for science observing. Note that the four fine guidance modules in the corners of the focal plane are much smaller CCDs than the science modules. Each module and its electronics convert light into digital numbers that is analyzed for planet transits.


Compare States per 100 k population
Data Source: The COVID Tracking Project ( The data is updated everyday at around 6:00 pm EST.
What does this show?
 1. Shows selected metric (Cases, Deaths, Current Hospitalizations and Tests per 100 k population) on map of the US. Current hospitalization is non additive metric - so, pick only one day using the slider to see the data for that day. Default view shows time range from July 1st to latest date.
 2. The bar chart shows all relevant metrics per 100,000 population by state cohorts.
How to use this?
 1. Select "Reporting Date" slider to select the date range. Reporting date is the date when cases are reported and may be different than date of actual event. For example, a death occurred on July 11th may only have been reported by hospital on July 21st. Since different states have different methodologies - it is nearly impossible to always tie back event date to reporting date.
 2. Pick a "Per 100 k" metric from the radio button.
Copyright © 2021 mSightly All rights reserved.


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Expression 1 to 2 and Express 1 to 2 software allows you to convert shows created on the original Expression, Concept, Insight, and Impression consoles running software versions 1.7 or newer into a format compatible with ETC's newer Expression 2/Expression 3* or Express line of consoles.
Be aware that there are two versions of the 122 software: Expression 122 and Express 122. These are not compatible with each other--make sure you are using the correct version of software.*
The Expression 122 software will run on any Expression 2 or 3 line console, including the Insight 2/2x, Impression 2, Concept 2x, and Insight 3.
Expression 122 -- Rename this file "run.bin" when saving to diskette
Express 122 -- Rename this file "run.bin" when saving to diskette
The conversion process transfers the following elements of the old show:
Currently, the conversion process does not transfer the following elements of the old show:
To convert a show, follow these steps:
To work with the new show on your console, turn the console off and back on, reloading the console operating software. From the Diskette Options menu, read the converted show into the console, as described in the console User Manual. Test the show thoroughly to confirm the conversion.


The 3 Effective Ways For A Woman To Survive The Air National Guard
The training to become an Air National Guard is difficult. There are a lot of men who fails due to the tedious kind of training that they have to go through. If you will think about it, it is much harder to pass the training if you are a woman. Don't worry because here are some useful ways on how a woman can ace the training and survive to be the next Air National Guard. Check it out.
1. Start physical training ahead of time
It is a must if you want to make things easier for yourself once you are in the training proper. Do push ups and sit ups. The more you can do the better. It is because when you are in training, there will be a lot more of that. Most of the time, it is unexpected as one team member may have done something wrong, but all of you will be punished.
2. Practice more water intake
When you start with the training, there will be no juice or soda available. Almost all of the time, they will tell you to drink water. It will happen before meals, while you are eating and after eating. It could also happen when you are about to start with some of the exercises. Drinking lots of water may be though for some who is not used to drinking a lot. Practice makes you better so start preparing.
3. Practice eating fast
Some women often take time when eating but once you are on the training ground, every second count. You need to be able to eat fast so you can keep up with the others. If you can't eat fast enough, it will result to low energy on your part because you will not be able to finish your food.
Just take note of the three effective ways, and you will have no problem in completing the training with flying colors.
The 4 Steps On How To Be A Pilot For Air National Guard
Individuals who join the Air National Guard often have a dream to be flying one of the aircraft used by the reserve force. However, it is not easy as there are a lot of things that you have to do. Check out the steps on how you can be one of the pilots for the Air National Guard of the United States.
1. Complete the preliminary requirements
There are various things that you have to prepare as the first step to becoming a pilot. One of them is that you should have gone through the training to be a pilot even before you reach thirty. There is a physical exam that you need to pass. Aside from that, you should be a four-year degree holder. You should also possess an experience when it comes to flying.
2. Take all the necessary tests needed
If you want to be a pilot for the Air National Guard, the passion you have for flying is not enough. There are a couple of tests that needs to be completed. You need to take AFOQT or Air Force Qualifying Officer Test. It will test your academic skills though it is more inclined on the technical aspect. Aside from that, you also need to pass the Test of Basic Aviation Skills. It is like a practical exam, and there will be just a couple of question in the end.
3. Get your PCSM
You will not be able to get this Pilot Candidate Selection Member number if you fail the Basic Aviation Skills test. Through this number, your performance during the training will be assessed.
4. Find a unit and apply
Among the three steps indicated, finding a group seemed to be the easiest, but it's not. There are a lot of people applying for the position, and that means the competition is fierce. It is highly recommended to apply for different units, so you will have a better chance of getting hired.
If you can complete all these steps, you are one step closer to your dream in becoming a pilot for the Air National Guard.
The 3 Great Tips That You Should Follow Before Your Military Training
If you have decided to join the military, expect that it will not be an easy path. There will be a lot of things and hardships that you will have to go through. If you want to succeed, check out these great tips that you can follow before you start your training with the military.
1. Do not be the center of attention
When you get ready for the military training, make sure to pack all the things that you would need in basic colors. It could either be black or brown, and that's it. You do not want to get to do push-ups on the first time you meet your instructor, right? Make sure to keep a low profile. Aside from that, the branded things are a big no. You should be able to blend in.
2. Mark your things
In a military training facility, it is common that there are a lot of stuff that would go missing. It is due to a lot of things. The best thing that you can do is mark your belongings with a black marker with your name. Luck may be on your side, and you will always know which your belongings are.
3. Quit your vices
Start preparing yourself even before you set foot in the training camp. If you are a chain smoker or a heavy drinker, better start quitting as soon as possible as it is for your benefit. There is no smoking and drinking allowed in training camp, so better have all the withdrawal issues while you are still out rather than having it as a problem when you start your training.
These are the three tips that you should follow if you want to achieve success in military training. Following these tips will also make your life easier while you are in the training facilities.


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2019 Teacher of the Year
Congratulations to Kindergarten teacher Hannah White of Woodsville Elementary School! Hannah has been named the NH Agriculture in the Classroom Teacher of the Year for 2019. The award recognizes her efforts in teaching our youngest students to become stewards of the land and showing them that they can make a difference in the world. Hannah believes that children learn best with hands on science exploration, so her school year starts out with the study of butterflies. The in depth unit on saving the Monarch butterfly is packed with activities exploring life cycles, tagging butterflies to follow their journey south, harvesting milkweed seeds, counting out the seeds and sharing them with family and friends, explaining the importance of saving the butterfly, planting a pollinator garden and creating a news broadcast on why we need to save the pollinators. Students also work in the garden, continue the composting project, monitor the classroom aquarium, build birdhouses and much more.
2018 Teacher of the Year - Becky Carney
Congratulations to Becky Carney for being named the 2018 NH Agriculture in the Classroom Teacher of the Year! During her 16 year tenure at Seabrook Elementary School, Becky has integrated agriculture into her technology classroom on a regular basis. Over the past year, her students learned about the origins of maple syrup, the life cycle of a pea, MyPlate and the history of the New England Clam bake while increasing their computer literacy. Students venture into the garden for "brain breaks" to plant snap peas, build a root view garden bed, forage for native Concord grapes and tap maple trees.


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Patent Analysis of
STROKE TRANSMITTER FOR GAS TURBINE
Updated Time 15 March 2019
Patent Registration Data
Publication Number
US20140083104A1
Application Number
US14/005296
Application Date
01 March 2012
Publication Date
27 March 2014
Current Assignee
SIEMENS AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT
Original Assignee (Applicant)
BACHMAIER, GEORG,HOGE, MICHAEL,NORDIN, JOACHIM
International Classification
F02C9/28
Cooperative Classification
F02C9/28,F02C9/26,F05D2260/50
Inventor
BACHMAIER, GEORG,HOGE, MICHAEL,NORDIN, JOACHIM
Patent Images
This patent contains figures and images illustrating the invention and its embodiment.
STROKE TRANSMITTER FOR GAS TURBINE STROKE TRANSMITTER FOR GAS TURBINE STROKE TRANSMITTER FOR GAS TURBINE
See all 3 images
Abstract
A stroke transmitter is presented. The stroke transmitter includes a conduit for providing a passage to a fluid, an actuating unit for increasing pressure in an hydraulic fluid, a valve unit configured to operate depending on the pressure of the hydraulic fluid, the valve unit arranged inside the conduit to regulate a flow of the fluid, and a pipe connecting the actuating unit and the valve unit for communicating the pressure of the hydraulic fluid between the actuating unit and the valve unit. The actuating unit is arranged outside the conduit.
Read more
Claims
1.-15. (canceled)
16. A stroke transmitter, comprising: a conduit for providing a passage to a fluid; an actuating unit comprising a first block and a first piston, wherein the first piston is guided into the first block thereby increasing a pressure in an hydraulic fluid; a valve unit comprising a second block, a dosing valve and a second piston, wherein the second piston is guided into the second block, the valve unit configured to operate depending on the pressure of the hydraulic fluid to regulate a flow of the fluid; and a pipe connecting the actuating unit and the valve unit for communicating the pressure of the hydraulic fluid between the actuating unit and the valve unit, wherein the actuating unit is arranged outside the conduit, and wherein the valve unit is arranged inside the conduit.
17. The stroke transmitter according to claim 16, wherein the actuating unit and the valve unit are arranged at an angle relative to each other.
18. The stroke transmitter according to claim 17, wherein the angle is from 45 degrees to 135 degrees.
19. The stroke transmitter according to claim 16, wherein the actuating unit and the valve unit are arranged perpendicular to each other.
20. The stroke transmitter according to claim 16, wherein the first block of the actuating unit is mechanically coupled to an actuator.
21. The stroke transmitter according to claim 20, wherein the actuator is a piezoelectric actuator.
22. The stroke transmitter according to claim 16, wherein the second block of the valve unit is mechanically coupled to the dosing valve.
23. The stroke transmitter according to claim 16, wherein the dosing valve comprises a needle or a sphere for opening and closing of the dosing valve.
24. The stroke transmitter according to claim 16, wherein the hydraulic fluid comprises oil.
25. The stroke transmitter according to claim 16, wherein the first block and/or the second block is cylindrical in shape.
26. The stroke transmitter according to claim 16, wherein the first block and/or the second block is a metallic bellow.
27. A gas turbine, comprising: a burner; a fluid feed pipe; and a stroke transmitter according to claim 16.
28. The gas turbine according to claim 27, wherein the valve unit of the stroke transmitter is placed axially along an axis of the fluid feed pipe to the burner.
29. The gas turbine according to claim 27, wherein the actuating unit of the stroke transmitter is perpendicular to an axis of the fluid feed pipe to the burner.
Read more
Claim Tree
 - 16
 16. A stroke transmitter, comprising
 - a conduit for providing a passage to a fluid
 - an actuating unit comprising a first block and a first piston, wherein the first piston is guided into the first block thereby increasing a pressure in an hydraulic fluid
 - a valve unit comprising a second block, a dosing valve and a second piston, wherein the second piston is guided into the second block, the valve unit configured to operate depending on the pressure of the hydraulic fluid to regulate a flow of the fluid
 - and a pipe connecting the actuating unit and the valve unit for communicating the pressure of the hydraulic fluid between the actuating unit and the valve unit, wherein the actuating unit is arranged outside the conduit, and wherein the valve unit is arranged inside the conduit.
 - 17. The stroke transmitter according to claim 16, wherein
 - the actuating unit and the valve unit are arranged at an angle relative to each other.
 - 19. The stroke transmitter according to claim 16, wherein
 - the actuating unit and the valve unit are arranged perpendicular to each other.
 - 20. The stroke transmitter according to claim 16, wherein
 - the first block of the actuating unit is mechanically coupled to an actuator.
 - 22. The stroke transmitter according to claim 16, wherein
 - the second block of the valve unit is mechanically coupled to the dosing valve.
 - 23. The stroke transmitter according to claim 16, wherein
 - the dosing valve comprises
 - 24. The stroke transmitter according to claim 16, wherein
 - the hydraulic fluid comprises
 - 25. The stroke transmitter according to claim 16, wherein
 - the first block and/or the second block is cylindrical in shape.
 - 26. The stroke transmitter according to claim 16, wherein
 - the first block and/or the second block is a metallic bellow.
 - 27
 27. A gas turbine, comprising
 - a burner
 - a fluid feed pipe
 - and a stroke transmitter according to claim 16.
 - 28. The gas turbine according to claim 27, wherein
 - the valve unit of the stroke transmitter is placed axially along an axis of the fluid feed pipe to the burner.
 - 29. The gas turbine according to claim 27, wherein
 - the actuating unit of the stroke transmitter is perpendicular to an axis of the fluid feed pipe to the burner.
See all 2 independent claims
Description
FIELD OF INVENTION
The present invention relates to a stroke transmitter and a gas turbine with such a stroke transmitter.
BACKGROUND OF INVENTION
Gas turbines include individual burners that may interfere with each other during operation. This can prevent an efficient operation of the turbine and lead to increased emission, in particular to the increase of nitrogen oxides (NOX), an uneven flame temperature, oscillations and so forth. These unwanted effects may occur under atmospheric conditions as well as under pressurized combustion processes. Gas turbines often include orifices that are used to equalize the fluid flow to the individual burners of the gas turbine in order to compensate for these effects.
The burners in the gas turbine receive fluid from a manifold which usually includes an inlet and several outlets. This may lead to pressure difference over a length of the manifold and also at the position of the burners. Additionally, differences may occur due to tolerances introduced while manufacturing manifolds and burners to the gas turbine.
The differences are equalized by altering the size of openings in the orifices; this adjustment or modification needs to be performed regularly and is a time consuming and expensive process.
Use of piezoelectric valves in place of the orifices obviates the above mentioned problem since piezoelectric valves can adjust or control the mass flow due to the presence of piezoelectric actuator. In this type of arrangement the piezoelectric valve including the actuator are arranged axially in the fluid flow path.
However, piezoelectric actuator may be damaged while coming in contact with hot fluid which has a temperature greater than about 140 degrees centigrade. Additionally, it may also be difficult to place the piezoelectric actuator on the gas turbine since auxiliary systems and other components such as pipes often limit the available space.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,062,532A teaches an electric solid-body actuator having a hydraulic displacement (amplitude) magnifier which has a leakage-free construction and, at the same time, permits a temperature compensation, as a result of which, for example, an extended operation of a setting member into defined switching positions may be achieved.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,857,662A teaches an electrically activatable stop device which possesses good dynamic properties. Moreover, the stop device is to have a compact design, work in an operationally reliable manner and be capable of being used within a wide temperature range.
SUMMARY OF INVENTION
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide an arrangement such that the piezoelectric actuator is not damaged by hot fluid and/or can easily be designed to fit a specific application.
The object is achieved by providing a stroke transmitter according to the claims.
The present invention suggests a stroke transmitter including a conduit for providing passage to a fluid, an actuating unit for increasing pressure in an hydraulic fluid, a valve unit that is configured to operate depending on the pressure of the hydraulic fluid, the valve unit is arranged inside the conduit to regulate the flow of the fluid and a pipe connecting the actuating unit and the valve unit for communicating the pressure of the hydraulic fluid between the actuating unit and the valve unit, wherein the actuating unit is arranged outside the conduit. By arranging the actuating unit outside the conduit, the actuating unit is prevented from coming in contact with the potentially hot fluid passing through the conduit, thus preventing damage to the


What does ARO mean?
Definitions for ARO
Here are all the possible meanings and translations of the word ARO.
Freebase
 1. ARO
 ARO was a Romanian off-road vehicle manufacturer located in Câmpulung-Muscel. The first ARO vehicles were produced in 1957, and the last in 2003. For a short while, Daihatsu-powered AROs were produced in Spain and Portugal under the brands Hisparo and Portaro, respectively. In Italy, Volkswagen-powered AROs were produced by ARO-Ciemme and sold under ACM brand. Production of ARO vehicles have restarted under the aegis of a Czech company called Auto Max Czech.
Suggested Resources
 1. ARO
 What does ARO stand for? -- Explore the various meanings for the ARO acronym on the Abbreviations.com website.
Numerology
 1. Chaldean Numerology
 The numerical value of ARO in Chaldean Numerology is: 1
 2. Pythagorean Numerology
 The numerical value of ARO in Pythagorean Numerology is: 7
Images & Illustrations of ARO
 1. AROAROARO
Translations for ARO
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How can we actually measure the angle between the $E$ and $B$ fields in a light beam? I know this angle is 90 degrees but I have hard time accepting it without experimental proof. Can one prove for example this is not 91 degrees?
One can receive the electromagnetic plane wave with an antenna that is responsive to either the electric field or to the magnetic field but not to both within a reasonable engineering accuracy. For example, the standard electric dipole (thin wire linear antenna) or magnetic dipole (thin wire loop antenna) is essentially unresponsive to the magnetic or the electric field, respectively, when are properly aligned in space. It just turns out experimentally for a linearly polarized EM wave the maximum energy is received when the electric dipole is parallel with the electric field and the magnetic dipole is perpendicular to the electric field of the plane wave. Granted the accuracy of such orthogonality for practical antennas is not within 1 degree for simple dipoles but if you instead consider really high gain antennas whose beamwidth is fraction of a degree you do get to angular precision on the order of millidegrees.


)
22.4.8.1. Possible position definitions
Positionkm
Positionmiles
Positionm
Positionyd
22.4.8.2. Possible speed definitions
Speedkph
Speedmph
The value position is the required position value in dimension as set by the relevant parameter. The value speed is the required speed value in dimension as set by the relevant parameter. Inclusion of speed definition is optional and need not be set if only approach control position functions are used.
22.4.9. Signal aspect parameters
The following parameters can be included in signal aspect definitions.
or_speedreset
Can be used in combination with a speed setting. Its function, combined with the speed setting, is as follows.
In activity mode :
 - If set, the speed as set applies until overruled by a speedpost or next signal setting a higher speed value;
 - If not set, speed as set applies until the next signal and will not be overruled by a speedpost.
In timetable mode :
 - Speed as set always applies until overruled by a speedpost or next signal setting a higher speed value, this flag has no effect in timetable mode.
or_nospeedreduction
For signal aspects "STOP_AND_PROCEED" and "RESTRICTING", trains will reduce speed to a low value on approach of the signal. If this flag is set, trains are allowed to pass the signal at normal linespeed.
22.4.10. SPEED Signal
A new standard signaltype, "SPEED", has been added to OR.
Signals defined as type "SPEED" are processed as speedposts and not as signals. The required speed limit can be set using the speed setting of the signal aspect definition.
The advantages of using "SPEED" signals over speedposts are :
 - "SPEED" signals can be scripted, and can therefore be conditional, e.g. a speed restrictions in only set on approach to a junction if a restricted route is set through that junction.
 - "SPEED" signals can set a state according to their setting, and this state can be seen by a preceeding signal. This can be used to set up variable speed warning signs.
A "SPEED" signalhead can be part of a signal which also contains other heads, but for clarity of operation this is not advisable.


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Women of Boston College Law School
a progressive and social history
I. Introduction
In 2004, Boston College Law School (BCLS) celebrates seventy-five years as a premier institution of legal education. The year also marks the sixtieth anniversary of the graduation of the first woman to attend the law school. Although struggles to enter the realm of legal study pre-date the entrance of women at Boston College Law School, as a young institution connected to a male dominated Jesuit college, it was extremely progressive for women to be admitted to Boston College Law School. I intend to illustrate how through periods of social change marred by mistreatment of women in society at large and in legal education, Boston College Law School has been progressive in its admissions of women as well as in the educational atmosphere women have had to endure.
To present an accurate portrayal of the social and educational times, I begin with illustrations of how women have had to circumvent social norms to obtain their current status. I first present a general picture of how women have progressed in the educational sphere and advanced to legal education. Then I offer a comparison of two extremes: an elite school with a history of opposing a legal education for women, and a state university with a history of fostering a female student body. I next offer some statistical information based on the general progression of women in law school.
In an effort to understand Boston College Law School and its progressive nature, I have tried to first illustrate how the undergraduate school compares in its admission of women. Then I explain how the law school progressed and began admitting women in 1941. To help set the stage, so to speak, for the decades of progression, I have put forth a general social history focused on women from 1940 to 2000. Finally, the primary focus of the paper is on the personal history of Boston College Alumnae based on personal interviews and answers to questionnaires.
II. Women in Law School
A. A Brief History
Women's social mission was dependent on a complex view of femininity that associated it with nature, the emotions, and the soul and saw it as completely opposed to reason and intellect.
This was the nineteenth century, an age replete with Victorian sensibilities resulting in social prejudices that declared women were intellectually inferior and respectable women could not work outside the home. Educating women developed slowly with Worcester, Massachusetts opening the first public high school for girls in 1824. Oberlin became the first college to admit women in 1837 with separate courses, thereby illustrating ambivalence at truly educating women. In a revolt against Victorian domesticity, women began to steadily attend college from 1860 to 1920. However, the early institutionalization and licensing powers within the legal profession made it difficult for women to enter the realm of legal practice.
In 1869, Myra Bradwell became the first woman to seek licensure from a state bar. The Illinois State Supreme Court denied her admission claiming:
…when the legislature gave to this court the power of granting licenses to practice the law, it was not with the slightest expectation that this privilege would be extended equally to men and women.
She appealed the state opinion to the United States Supreme Court based on Fourteenth Amendment protections. Although the high court denied Ms. Bradwell's claim, state courts and legislatures began to allow women admission to the bar.
The same year that Myra Bradwell sought licensure in Illinois, Arabella Mansfield became the first woman admitted to practice law in the state of Iowa and the United States. The year 1869 also marked the first admission of law students without regard to gender at St. Louis Law School with two women matriculating. The next year, 1870, the first woman to receive an accredited law degree, Ada A. Kepley, graduated from Union College of Law (now Northwestern). At the turn of the century, women were admitted to the bar of almost every state, but entrance into law school and acceptance by society continued to be a struggle.
Women obtaining higher education became more acceptable than obtaining professional status. By 1920, almost half of all college students were women, but social pressure on women to marry and please their families prevented many from pursuing careers. In 1910 the percentage of employed women reached 25.2%, but only 10.7% of married women were employed. These societal pressures prevented many women from pursuing law school admission. In addition, the entrance of women continued to adhere to a paternalistic view of women and resentment toward those who tried to shed their proper societal roles. In 1890, a member of the Board of Trustees for Columbia Law School illustrated this paternalistic sentiment when he stated:
No woman shall degrade herself by practicing law in New York especially if I can save her…I think that the clack of these possible Portias will never be heard in Dwight's Moot Court.
Although even elite law schools such as Columbia began to finally admit women to the study of law, the atmospheres remained "inhospitable". Law schools instituted policies such as informal quota systems to limit the number of women admitted to each class. The "male culture" predominated the atmosphere causing women to study alone, eat alone, live alone, and in some schools, like Brooklyn Law School in New York, women were "physically segregated in the classroom". Unconscious sexism pervaded the classrooms through jokes or illustrations that offended women. Professors would either refuse to call on women or call on them to "singularly embarrass them" with crude topics such as cases involving sordid sex. Similarly, "hostile male peers sometimes accused women of being in law school to find a husband, or of taking the place of a male who, as a future breadwinner, needed the education more than she". Women encountered hostile treatment at many law schools including renowned institutions of legal scholarship like Harvard Law School where women were not admitted until 1950.
Continued: Case Studies: Women in law school


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Some of the most consequential COVID-19-related decisions for public education were those that modified how much in-person learning students received during the 2020-2021 school year. As part of an IES-funded research project in collaboration with the Virginia Department of Education (VDOE) on COVID's impact on public education in Virginia, researchers at the University of Virginia (UVA) collected data to determine how much in-person learning students in each grade in each division (what Virginia calls its school districts) were offered over the year. In this guest blog, Erica Sachs, an IES predoctoral fellow at UVA, shares brief insights into this work.
COVID-19 has caused uncertainty and disruptions in public education for nearly three years. The purpose of the IES-funded study is to describe how Virginia's response to COVID-19 may have influenced access to instructional opportunities and equity in student outcomes over multiple time periods. This project is a key source of information for the VDOE and Virginia schools' recovery efforts. An important first step of this work was to uncover how the decisions divisions made impacted student experiences during the 2020-21 school year. This blog focuses on the processes that were undertaken to identify how much in-person learning students could access.
During 2020-21, students were offered school in three learning modalities: fully remote (no in-person learning), fully in-person (only in-person learning), and hybrid (all students could access some in-person learning). Hybrid learning often occurred when schools split a grade into groups and assigned attendance days to each group. For the purposes of the project, we used the term "attendance rotations" to identify whether and which student group(s) could access in-person school on each day of the week. Each attendance rotation is associated with a learning modality.
Most divisions posted information about learning modality and attendance rotations on their official websites, social media, or board meeting documents. In June and July of 2021, our team painstakingly scoured these sites and collected detailed data on the learning modality and attendance rotations of every grade in every division on every day of the school year. We used these data to create a division-by-grade-by-day dataset.
A More Precise Measure of In-Person Learning
An initial examination of the dataset revealed that the commonly used approach of characterizing student experiences by time in each modality masked potentially important variations in the amount of in-person learning accessible in the hybrid modality. For instance, a division could offer one or four days of in-person learning per week, and both would be considered hybrid. To supplement the modality approach, we created a more precise measure of in-person learning using the existing data on attendance rotations. The new variable counts all in-person learning opportunities across the hybrid and fully in-person modalities, and, therefore, captures the variation obscured in the modality-only approach. To illustrate, when looking only at the time in each modality, just 6.7% of the average student's school year was in the fully in-person modality. However, using the attendance rotations data revealed that the average student had access to in-person learning for one-third of their school year.
One of the biggest lessons I learned working on this project was that we drastically underestimated the scope of the data collection and data management undertaking. I hope that sharing some of the lessons I learned will help others doing similar work.
- Clearly define terminology and keep records of all decisions with examples in a shared file. It will help prevent confusion and resolve disagreements within the team or with partners. Research on COVID-19 in education was relatively new when we started this work. We encountered two terminology-related issues. First, sources used the same term for different concepts, and second, sources used different terms for the same concept. For instance, the VDOE's definition of the "in-person modality" required four or more days of access to in-person learning weekly, but our team classified four days of access as hybrid because we define "fully in-person modality" as five days of access to in-person learning weekly. Without agreed-upon definitions, people could categorize the same school week under different modalities. Repeated confusion in discussions necessitated a long meeting to hash out definitions, examples, and non-examples of each term and compile them in an organized file.
- Retroactively collecting data from documents can be difficult if divisions have removed information from their web pages. We found several sources especially helpful in our data collection, including the Wayback Machine, a digital archive of the internet, to access archived division web pages, school board records, including the agenda, meeting minutes, or presentation materials, and announcements or letters to families via divisions' Facebook or Twitter accounts.
- To precisely estimate in-person learning across the year, collect data at the division-by-grade-by-day level. Divisions sometimes changed attendance rotations midweek, and the timing of these changes often differed across grades. Consequently, we found that collecting data at the day level was critical to capture all rotation changes and accurately estimate the amount of in-person learning divisions offered students.
The research brief summarizing our findings can be downloaded from the EdPolicyWorks website. Our team is currently using the in-person learning data as a key measure of division operations during the reopening year to explore how division operations may have varied depending on division characteristics, such as access to high-speed broadband. Additionally, we will leverage the in-person learning metric to examine COVID's impact on student and teacher outcomes and assess whether trends differed by the amount of in-person learning divisions offered students.
Erica N. Sachs is an MPP/PhD Student, IES Pre-doctoral Fellow, & Graduate Research Assistant at UVA's EdPolicyWorks.
This blog was produced by Helyn Kim (_EMAIL_), Program Officer, NCER.


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The conditions of a solitary bird are five:
- The first, that it flies to the highest point;
- The second, that it does not suffer for company, not even of its own kind;
- The third, that it aims its beak to the skies;
- The fourth, that it does not have a definite color;
- The fifth, that it sings very softly.
San Juan de la Cruz
Clicked this snap during the monsoons in 2009, loved the painting effect this snap gives with a solitary bird flying high.
View full image for "The Conditions of a Solitary Bird"


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To deduce is defined as to come up with an answer by logic or by putting pieces of information together.(verb)
An example of deduce is when police figure out who the killer is by looking at information they obtain.
See deduce in Webster's New World College Dictionary
See deduce in American Heritage Dictionary 4
transitive verb de·duced, de·duc·ing, de·duc·es
Origin: Middle English deducen
Origin:, from Latin dēdūcere, to lead away or down
Origin: : dē-, deOrigin: + dūcere, to lead; see deukin Indo-European roots.
Learn more about deduce


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Structures, vol.50, pp._PHONE_, 2023 (Scopus)
The emerging trend in earthquake-resistant structural design is to dissipate some part of the seismic input energy through energy-dissipating devices (EDDs). A prominent candidate to serve this purpose is the lead extrusion damper (LED), which dissipates seismic energy by the extrusion of lead through the displacement of a bulged shaft. The LEDs should be designed as they meet the demands of the host structural system. Hence, predicting the force–displacement relation and energy dissipation characteristics of the LED is essential. To serve this purpose, comprehensive three-dimensional finite element models (FEMs) were developed in this study to simulate the cyclic behavior of a prestressed LED. The methodology consisted of performing coupon tests, the development of FEMs, and experimental verification. Coupon tests were performed for lead and steel to simulate the nonlinear material behaviors better. The models were validated against the experimental results of the LED and a steel beam-to-column connection. In general, the adapted model satisfactorily captured the experimental results. The maximum differences in the maximum force and dissipated energy predictions were about 7.5% for the generated FEMs. In addition, the mean relative difference in predicting damper forces for eight LEDs selected from the literature was about 6%. The low relative differences between the models and experiments demonstrated that the adapted FEM could reliably estimate the cyclic response of the LEDs. It can be stated that the adapted three-dimensional finite element modeling strategy can be utilized robustly for design purposes.


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|Rediff India Abroad Home | All the sections|
What is 3G spectrum? How does it help you?
rediff Business Desk | September 29, 2006
It's boom time for mobile phones in India. And people are looking forward to more information, faster data access and multimedia services through their mobile phones. 3G technology is here to turn this dream into reality. It's a technology anxiously awaited by telecom operations and subscribers in India.
How long do you have to wait?
Not very long! India is all set to launch 3G mobile telephone services by June 2007.
According to Telecom Regulatory Authority of India chairman Nripendra Misra, a total of 32.5 MHz is available for allocation within the next 6-9 months.
Trai has also recommended auctioning 200 MHz for broadband wireless access services like Wimax (worldwide interoperability for microwave access) and has proposed a national frequency management board to oversee spectrum availability and its efficient use.
He hopes that the allocated spectrum would be enough for the next two years and said Trai would recommend freeing up more spectrum for those who lose out in this auction.
So what is 3G spectrum all about? Read on.
What is spectrum?
Radio spectrum refers to a range of radio frequencies. The bandwidth of a radio signal is the difference between the upper and lower frequencies of the signal.
For example, in the case of a voice signal having a minimum frequency of 200 hertz (Hz) and a maximum frequency of 3,000 Hz, the bandwidth is 2,800 Hz (3 KHz). The amount of bandwidth needed for 3G services could be as much as 15-20 Mhz, whereas for 2G services a bandwidth of 30-200 KHz is used. Hence, for 3G huge bandwidth is required.
How is 3G different from 2G and 4G?
While 2G stands for second-generation wireless telephone technology, 1G networks used are analog, 2G networks are digital and 3G (third-generation) technology is used to enhance mobile phone standards.
3G helps to simultaneously transfer both voice data (a telephone call) and non-voice data (such as downloading information, exchanging e-mail, and instant messaging. The highlight of 3G is video telephony. 4G technology stands to be the future standard of wireless devices.
Currently, Japanese company NTT DoCoMo and Samsung are testing 4G communication.
How will 3G services help you?
3G services will enable video broadcast and data-intensive services such as stock transactions, e-learning and telemedicine through wireless communications
All telecom operators are waiting to launch 3G in India to cash in on revenues by providing high-end services to customers, which are voice data and video enabled. India lags behind many Asian countries in introducing 3G services.
What is Trai's recommendation on 3G pricing?
The Telecom Regulatory Authority of India has recommended auctioning radio frequencies for 3G telecom services at a reserve price of Rs 1,050 crore (Rs 10.50 billion) to companies seeking to offer nationwide high-speed Internet and streaming video.
The base price for spectrum in cities like Mumbai and Delhi and Category A telecom circles is Rs 80 crore (Rs 800 million); in cities like Chennai and Kolkata and Category B circles Rs 40 crore (Rs 400 million); and in all other cities Rs 15 crore (Rs 150 million).
What are the frequency bands and quota for CDMA?
Trai has recommended three sets of frequency bands - 450 mhz, 800 mhz and 2.1 ghz. For CDMA players like Reliance and Tata Teleservices 1.25 MHz each is offered. CDMA operators are free to bid both in the 2.1 GHz and the 450 MHz bands, but they will be allocated spectrum only in one. The pricing of these two bands is linked to the auction in the 2.1 GHz band.
CDMA operators will pay the same as the second-highest GSM bidder. And if there is more than one claimant in the 450 MHz band, the reserve price will be half of that arrived at in the 2.1 GHz band. Another rider is that if the highest bid is a quarter more than the lowest, the lowest bidder has to raise its bid to 75 per cent of the winning bid.
But CDMA operators are likely to face problems. Operating 3G services on 450 MHz is a problem because we they do not have dual-band phones that work both in 450 MHz and in 800 MHz (the band in which CDMA operates in India).
What are the issues regarding 3G for providers and users?
3G has successfully been introduced in Europe. But several issues continue to hamper its growth.
High spectrum licensing fees for the 3G services
Huge capital required to build infrastructure for 3G services.
Health impact of electromagnetic waves.
Prices are very high for 3G mobile services.
Will 2G users switch to 3G services.
Takes time to catch up as the service is new.
What are the issues regarding 3G pricing?
Pricing has been a cause of concern. Spectrum auctions ran into billions of euros in Europe. In Europe, spectrum licensing fees were collected years before the 3G service was developed and it required huge investments to build 3G networks, hitting mobile operators' margins.
However, in Japan and South Korea, spectrum licensing fees were not applicable as the focus of these countries were national IT infrastructure development.
Which companies have applied for 3G license?
3G spectrum has been provided to GSM players like BSNL, MTNL, Bharti, and Hutch to carry out an interface check on a non-commercial basis ahead of the start of 3G mobile services.
Trial spectrum has been given for a period of one month. This will be only 1/1000th of the actual 3G spectrum capability. Apart frm PSU majors, spectrum for carrying out 3G trials has been given to all those who have applied under the National Frequency Allocation Plan on the 2.1 GHz band. GSM players operate on 900 MHz and 1,800 MHz, while CDMA players operate on 800 MHz.
What is the pricing issue in India?
While Tatas have welcomed Trai's Rs 1,400-crore (Rs 14 billion) base price for a nationwide rollout of 3G services, the rest of the players find the price too exorbitant.
Bharti-Airtel is disappointed with the pricing as they were expecting it to be Rs 300-400 crore (Rs 3-4 billion). The reserve price is a disincentive for telecom companies in India. Bharti has appealed to lower the prices specially for rural penetration.
The Cellular Operators Association of India and the Association of Unified Service Providers of India are studying TRAI's recommendations and have not given their comments.
However, Trai chairman Nripendra Misra has said that there is no reason to worry as players will not bid exorbitantly and derail the auction. Misra said telecom operators had matured from their experiences and global developments, and would bid sincerely.
Where was 3G spectrum first introduced?
Japan was the first country to introduce 3G on a large commercial scale. In 2005, about 40 per cent of subscribers used only 3G networks. It is expected that during 2006 the subscribers would move from 2G to 3G and upgrade to the next 3.5 G level.
The success of 3G in Japan also shows that video telephony was the killer application for 3G networks. Downloading music was the biggest draw in 3G services.
In how many countries does 3G exist?
There are about 60 3G networks across 25 countries. In Asia, Europe and the USA, telecom firms use WCDMA technology. The WCDMA standard provides seamless global evolution from today's GSM with support of the worlds' largest mobile operators.
WCDMA technology is built on open standards, wide ranging mobile multimedia possibility, and vast potential economies of scale with the support of around 100 terminal designs to operate 3G mobile networks.
3G services were introduced in Europe in 2003.


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Pokémon: The Movie 2000 [Movie]
Lawrence III, a Pokémon collector, strives to make a legendary prophecy occur. His plan to capture the legendary birds Moltres, Zapdos and Articuno will ultimately lead to the capture of the "Beast of the Sea" Lugia. Lawrence sets out in his flying hovercraft to the heart of the Orange Islands to capture the three legendary birds, referred to as the Titans of Fire, Ice and Lightning. He successfully captures Moltres, but the balance of power the birds have over the world's climate begins to collapse, causing all sorts of weather phenomena across the world, alerting countless Pokémon to the change. Ash Ketchum and his companions Misty and Tracey Sketchit get caught in a freak storm, and are washed ashore Shamouti, set in the centre of the Orange Islands. Learning the island festival celebrating the legend is about to begin, Ash is selected as the festival's chosen one by a girl named Melody, the festival maiden.