Transferring a Geometry from 3D to 2D and 2D to 3D
This task shows you how to transfer a point or a curve on a ply from 3D to 2D or from 2D to 3D.
Available in Composites Design for Manufacturing (CPM).
Open the Transfer1.CATPart document or any part containing plies that have been flattened.
Transferring from 3D to 2D
 1. Click the Geometry Transfer icon .
 The Geometry Transfer dialog box is displayed.
 2. Click 3D to 2D.
 3. On the geometry, select the 3D curve you want to transfer on the 2D flattened ply.
 Click the Multiselection icon at the right of the dialog box if you want to transfer several geometries.
 1. Select Ply.1 in the specification tree.
 2. Click OK to transfer the spline on the flattened ply.
 For the purpose of this scenario, the 3D curve is displayed in pink.
 The specification tree is updated accordingly.
The 3D point or curve transferred on the 2D ply has to lie on the same shell as the ply, otherwise the transfer cannot be done.
Only the part of the 3D curve lying on the ply is to be transferred on the 2D geometry. In case the segments should be exceeding the ply's contour, they would not be taken into account.

Transferring from 2D to 3D
 1. Click the Geometry Transfer icon .
 2. In the Geometry Transfer dialog box, click 2D to 3D.
 3. On the flattened ply, select the 2D curve you want to transfer on the 3D geometry.
 4. Select Ply.1 in the specification tree.
 5. Click OK to transfer the join on the flattened ply.
You will note that only the part of the 2D curve lying on the ply is actually transferred on the 3D geometry. The segments exceeding the ply's contour are not taken into account.
The specification tree is updated accordingly.
In case a 2D curve lies on several plies that do not have the same direction, be careful when selecting the reference entity, as the curve will not be represented the same way according to the ply's direction.


Who Needs An LEI Number?
Question mark
Who needs an LEI number? LEI is needed by legal entities who take part in financial transactions and who wish to trade in financial markets, such as buying stocks, bonds or other securities. There are also many regulations (dependant on jurisdictions) that require to obtain an LEI.
Since the LEI scheme was created, many new regulations across the globe have been introduced. A situation that means many entities in a range of industries now need to apply for an LEI. The details of which you can find below
What is an LEI number?
An LEI or Legal Entity Identifier is a unique 20 digit alphanumeric code. Its purpose is to provide regulated identification for legal entities such as businesses and organisations, especially those in the financial industry.
The aim of this is to make holdings more transparent, and the data on them more connected and easy to access. Thereby minimising any financial risk involved in dealing with such entities across the globe. Read more about what is an LEI.
Financial institutions that always require an LEI number
Currently, legal entities that always require an LEI include financial institutions such as brokerages, banks, investment & insurance companies, and credit unions. LEI Register is dedicated to helping you through the LEI registration process.
However, individuals are not required to have an LEI to trade on the financial market. Therefore if you are not a company or corporation you will not, at this time, need an LEI.
Investment firms and their clients (EU)
Another type of organisation that requires an LEI specifically within the EU are investment firms and their clients. This is because of the MiFID II/MiFiR regulations that became a law in January 2018.
What this means is that EU authorities are required to refuse trades between investment firms and their clients, unless both sides have an LEI number. In fact, this situation is primarily know as – 'no LEI, no trade.' If your organisation falls under these MiFID II/MiFiR requirements, you can apply for an LEI through LEI Register.
Government agencies (USA)
There are other types of legal entities that will need an LEI too, including many US government financial agencies. This is primarily because the Office of Financial Research has made the LEI mandatory.
Such agencies include the Federal Reserve System (FED), the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC ), and the National Association of Insurance Commissioners (NAIC).
RTOs and ISOs
Additionally, since 2015 there are US government entities that exist outside of the finance sector that will require LEIs as well. In fact, the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) mandates that all RTOs (Regional Transmission Organizations) and ISOs (Independent System Operators) have an LEI.
Those affected by the Financial Transparency Act
Finally, it is also prudent to mention that, while not currently the case, there will be additional entities that may be required to use LEIs in the near future.
The reason for this is the U.S. Regtech Law, the Financial Transparency Act. Something that, if passed, will require all the data gained by such agencies to be unrestricted. The idea being to make transactions between such entities, and the ability to regulate them, much more reliable.
LEIs are the perfect method of identification for such data. Therefore, any entity that is dealing with the regulatory agencies listed here, is likely to require an LEI soon.
LEI Register's goal is to help legal entities register their LEIs simply, securely and cost effectively. It is a simple 2 minute process made convenient by us.


We matched that to:
How do I add another Username or Access Card to the EasyWeb login screen?
EasyWeb can conveniently store and remember multiple Usernames and Access Cards.
To add additional Username or Access Cards to the login screen
 1. Select the drop-down arrow in the Username or Access Card input box
 2. Select Add Username or Access Card
 3. Enter your additional Username or Access Card number. Do not enter spaces or dashes.
 4. If you wish, add a Description that will associate the Access Card with the user (e.g. Dad's Card)
 5. Check the box "Remember me".
 6. Enter your password.
 7. Select Login.
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August 7, 1987 – Lynne Cox becomes the first person to swim from the USA to the Soviet Union
Today in History-
- 1987 – Lynne Cox becomes first person to swim from the United States to the Soviet Union, crossing the Bering Strait from Little Diomede Island in Alaska to Big Diomede in the Soviet Union. Courtesy of Wikipedia.
Lynne Cox (born 1957 in Boston, Massachusetts) is an American long-distance open-water swimmer, writer and speaker. She is best known for being the first person to swim between the United States and the Soviet Union, in the Bering Strait, a feat which has been recognized for easing the Cold War tensions between US President Ronald Reagan and Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev.
In 1971, she and her teammates were the first group of teenagers to complete the crossing of the Catalina Island Channel in California. She has twice held the record for the fastest crossing of the English Channel from England to France (1972 in a time of 9 hours 57 minutes and 1973 in a time of 9 hours 36 minutes). In 1975, Cox became the first woman to swim the 10 °C (50 °F), 16 km (10 mi) Cook Straitin New Zealand. In 1976, she was the first person to swim the Straits of Magellan in Chile, and the first to swim around the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa.
Cox is perhaps best known for swimming 2 hour 5 minutes in the Bering Strait on 7 August 1987, from the island of Little Diomede in Alaska to Big Diomede, then part of the Soviet Union, where the water temperature averaged around 43 to 44 °F (6 to 7 °C). At the time people living on the Diomede Islands, only 3.7 km (2.3 mi) apart, were not permitted to travel between them, although the Inuit communities there had been closely linked until the natives of Big Diomede were moved to the Russian mainland after World War II. Her accomplishment a few years before the end of the Cold War earned praise from both US President Ronald Reagan and Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev.
At the signing of the INF Missile Treaty at the White House, Gorbachev made a toast. He and President Reagan lifted their glasses and Gorbachev said: "Last summer it took one brave American by the name of Lynne Cox just two hours to swim from one of our countries to the other. We saw on television how sincere and friendly the meeting was between our people and the Americans when she stepped onto the Soviet shore. She proved by her courage how close to each other our peoples live."

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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- Tracing and reunion of separated family members must be organized as quickly as possible;
- Refugees must be able to send and receive mail.
24. Procedures for the reunion of refugee family members separated during flight or within the country of asylum should be agreed with the authorities and implemented as soon as practicable. Tracing programmes should be set up and co-ordinated in the country of asylum, country of origin and regionally. At camp or local level, simple and effective tracing mechanisms include posting lists of names with photographs on the community notice boards in different locations, using the radio, or even making announcements by megaphone. The tracing arrangements must be widely promulgated; a central contact point in each site is likely to be needed. Tracing is a delicate task, and has to be organized by people who have the necessary experience and skills. A suitably experienced agency may be needed to implement these activities. Tracing requires the involvement of the refugees themselves, who will play a key role. The local population and authorities can also play an important role. Confidentiality of information and protection of individuals is also essential.
25. Consider the causes of separation when establishing tracing systems. Separation may have been caused by large scale population movements but may also have been due to other factors such as children opting to leave their families, or placement of persons outside their family for survival purposes. Outsiders, often relief workers, may have removed a child from an apparently dangerous situation, without informing the family and without proper documentation.
26. The following actions should be taken:
Organize tracing and reunion of separated family members as quickly as possible, giving first priority to unaccompanied minors and other extremely vulnerable individuals;
Combine a variety of systems: on the spot tracing, use of community mechanisms and formalized tracing at a regional level;
Coordinate activities with agencies having expertise, e.g. the ICRC. Note that ICRC procedures, using the national Red Cross or Red Crescent societies, can be lengthy but may be the most appropriate for difficult cases;
Ensure regional standardization of registration systems;
Set-up a communication network in the community including a mailing system. A properly organized exchange of news (Red Cross messages) may considerably diminish the workload of a tracing service and accelerate the reunion of family members. Refugees have the right to send and receive mail.


Administration Console Online Help
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Record WLST Scripts
To help automate the task of configuring a domain, you can record your configuration actions in the Administration Console as a series of WebLogic Scripting Tool (WLST) commands and then use WLST to replay the commands.
WLST is a command-line scripting environment that you can use to create, manage, and monitor WebLogic Server domains. It is installed on your system when you install WebLogic Server.
The Administration Console does not record WLST commands for the following:
The main steps for recording WLST scripts are as follows:
 1. (Optional) Specify the name of the file in which you want to record WLST commands and set other preferences. See Set Preferences for WLST Recording.
 While setting preferences, you can specify WLST commands that the Administration Console inserts before and after the commands that you record. For example, you can insert a series of commands that connect WLST to an Administration Server and append commands that terminate the connection. Unless you add such commands, you cannot run your recorded commands as a WLST script.
 For examples of WLST scripts, see WLST Online Sample Scripts.
 2. Start WLST Recording.
 You cannot remove or undo a command once it has been recorded. Instead, you can edit the script file after you stop recording or you can set your preferences to overwrite the script file and re-record the commands.
 3. (Optional) View the commands that have been recorded. See View Recorded Commands.
 4. Stop WLST Recording.
 If you choose the Append To File preference, you can start and stop recording several times before moving to the next steps.
 5. If you record commands that get or set the values of encrypted attributes (such the password for a server's Java Standard Trust keystore), the Administration Console creates two files in addition to the script file: a user configuration file that contains the encrypted data and a key file that contains the key used to encrypt the data. Use the file system to limit read and write access to the key file. Users who can read the key file can read all of the encrypted data that you recorded.
 The key file and user configuration files are created in the same directory as the recorded script file and are named recording-fileConfig and recording-fileSecret where recording-file is the name of the recorded script file.
 6. (Optional) Open the script file in a text editor and modify the recorded commands. You specify the name and location of the script file when you set your recording preferences.
 7. Run the script in WLST. When you use WLST to run the commands, WLST must be connected an Administration Server. See Main Steps for Using WLST for more information.
 If you recorded commands that get or set the values of encrypted attributes, the user configuration and key files must be in the same directory as the script file. If you move the script file, you must also move the user configuration and key files. Only the key file that was used to encrypt the data can be used to unencrypt the data.
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Scientists explain squirrel promiscuity
QMI Agency
First posted: | Updated:
It's not in the genes, but in the number of knocks at the door.
Researchers at the University of Guelph have found that something a lot more circumstantial than genetics is behind female squirrels' promiscuity.
"Their behaviour is overwhelmingly influenced by opportunity," said Erin McFarlane, a graduate student and member of the team that looked into this issue that has long baffled biologists.
The findings are published in the Royal Society journal Biology Letters.
Female squirrels are known to sometimes have as many mates as possible, behaviour that doesn't always make sense for females, McFarlane said.
The researchers found that the more males there were in the area interested in mating, the more squirrels a female would mate with, McFarlane said.
"A female squirrel that only chose to mate with one male could have a daughter that mates with many males," integrative biology professor Andrew McAdam said in a release. "It seems the tendency to mate with fewer males isn't something that is being passed down from generation to generation."
The discovery that the mating patterns of female squirrels aren't genetic means mating habits in the species are unlikely to evolve, the researchers found.
The researchers analyzed data from 108 mate chases involving 85 female squirrels. The female squirrels mated with anywhere from one to 14 partners.
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The SD will always be equal to or larger than the mean error, but usually not too far off. For a normal distribution, the SD is 25.3% higher than the mean error, I think).
The statistical Pythagorean Theorem, then, says that if you have two independent variables, A and B, then
SD(A+B)^2 = SD(A)^2 + SD(B)^2
This is really important... I learned it in the first statistics course I took, but I finished my entire statistics degree without realizing just how important it was, and how it makes certain regression results work. I searched the internet, and I only found one page that talks about it: it's a professor from Cornell calling it "the second most important theorem" in statistics. He's right... it really is amazing, and useful, that it all works out.
In the three dice case, the Pythagorean relationship meant that each die reduced the variance by the same amount, 2.92 out of 8.75 total. That allows statisticians to say, "The blue die explains one-third of the variance. The red die explains one-third of the variance. And the green die explains one-third of the variance. Therefore, together, the three dice explain 100% of the total variance."
Because it works out so neatly, it means statisticians are going to like to talk in variances, in squares of errors instead of just errors. That's because they can just add them up, which they couldn't do if they didn't square them first.
And that's what r-squared is all about.
Let's suppose you actually ran an experiment. You got someone to run 1,000 rolls of three dice each, and report to you (a) the total of the three dice, and (b) the number on the blue die. He reports back to you with 1,000 lines like this:
Total was 13; blue die was 4
Total was 11; blue die was 6
Total was 08; blue die was 1
Total was 17; blue die was 6
With those 1,000 lines, you run a univariate regression, to try to predict the total from just the blue die. The regression equation might wind up looking like this (which I made up):
Predicted total = 6.97 + (1.012 * blue die)
(The coefficients should "really" be 7 and 1.000, but they won't be exact because of random variation in the rolls of the green and red dice.)
And the regression software will spit out that the r-squared is approximately 0.33 -- meaning, the mean square error was reduced by approximately 1/3, when you change your guess from the average (around 10.5), to "6.97 + (1.012* blue die)".
That is: "the blue die explains 33% of the variance."
This makes perfect sense. But, as I argued in my 2006 post -- and others -- the figure 33 percent is limited in its practical application. Because, in real life, you're normally not concerned about squared errors -- you're concerned about actual errors.
Suppose you can't perfectly estimate how many customers your restaurant will have. Sometimes, you order too many lobsters, and you have to throw out the extras, at a cost of $10 each. Sometimes, you order too few, and you have to turn away customers, which again costs you $10 each. Suppose the SD of the discrepancy is 10 lobsters a day.
If a statistician comes along and says he can reduce your error by 50% of the variance, what does that really mean to you? Well, your squared error was 100 square lobsters. The statistician can reduce it to 50 square lobsters. The square root of that is about 7 lobsters. So, even though the statistician is claiming to reduce your error by half... in practical terms, he's only reducing it from 10 lobsters to 7. That's an improvement of 30 percent, not 50 percent, since your monetary loss is proportional to the number of lobsters, not the number of square lobsters.
The r-squared of 50% is something that's meaningful to statisticians in some ways, but not always that meaningful to people in real life.
Statements like "the model explains 50% of the variance" are useful in certain specific ways, that I'll talk about in a future post... but it usually makes more sense, in my opinion, to think about things in lobsters, rather than in square lobsters.
Labels: regression, statistics


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Mathew John is co-founder of the Keystone Foundation, a not-for-profit organization that has been supporting environmental and rural development in South India for nearly 20 years.
Keystone's primary aim is the facilitation of sustainable livelihoods for communities living in the Nilgiris Biosphere Reserve, an area protected by UNESCO for its ecological and cultural significance. Organic Agriculture and Participatory Guarantee Systems play a fundamental role in Keystone's development strategies.
Through his experience, Mathew John brings a wealth of insight on linking small farmers, harvesters and artisans to markets, not only to the IFOAM World Board, but also to the IFOAM PGS Committee. His grassroots development background is complemented by significant involvement in shaping national and international policies governing smallholder markets.
Mathew joined the World Board in 2011.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


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Background: Gentian violet dye released from industries into the environment has caused serious water pollution and is a significant environmental pollutant to human beings owing to the toxicity. It is urgent to decrease environmental pollution by removing gentian violet in the wastewater.
Objective: The aim is to synthesize hexahydroxy strontium stannate/tin dioxide nanocomposites by a simple hydrothermal method without surfactants and research the photocatalytic performance for gentian violet degradation.
Methods: Hexahydroxy strontium stannate/tin dioxide nanocomposites have been obtained via the hydrothermal method. The structure, size, morphology and photocatalytic performance were characterized by X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, solid ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.
Results: The nanocomposites possess oven-shaped morphology with the size of less than 100 nm and are composed of hexagonal SrSn(OH)6 and tetragonal SnO2 phases. The band gap of the nanocomposites is 3.52 eV. 10 mg hexahydroxy strontium stannate/tin dioxide nanocomposites have the ability to completely degrade 10 mL gentian violet solution with the concentration of 10 mgL-1 under 6 h ultraviolet-visible light irradiation. Hydroxyl radical, hole and superoxide radical are the main species for the gentian violet photocatalytic degradation using the nanocomposites.
Conclusion: The hexahydroxy strontium stannate/tin dioxide nanocomposites show good photocatalytic performance for the GV degradation. The photocatalytic performance for gentian violet degradation using the hexahydroxy strontium stannate/tin dioxide nanocomposites depends on the irradiation time and content of the nanocomposites.
Read more: _URL_


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Codes of Conduct Salle Kiss Fencing Club
Junior Code of Conduct
As a junior member of the club you are expected to abide by the following code of conduct:
- You must play within the rules and respect officials and their decisions.
- You must respect the rights, dignity and worth of all participants regardless of gender, ability, cultural background or religion.
- You should keep to agreed timings for training and competitions and inform your coach or team manager if you are going to be late.
- You must wear suitable kit that conforms to the appropriate safety standards for training and tournaments as defined by British Fencing, and announced by your coach/team manager.
- You must pay any fees for training or events promptly.
- You are not allowed to smoke anywhere in or around the venue or whilst fencing at competitions.
- You are not allowed to consume alcohol or drugs of any kind in or around the venue or whilst fencing at competitions.
Parents and Carers
As a parent or carer of a junior member of Salle Kiss you are expected to abide by the following code of conduct:
- Encourage your child to learn the rules and play within them.
- Discourage unfair play and arguing with officials.
- Help your child to recognise good performance, not just results.
- Never force your child to take part in sport.
- Set a good example by recognising fair play and applauding the good performances of all.
Coaches, Officials and Volunteers
The essence of good ethical conduct and practice is summarised below. All coaches, club officials and volunteers at Salle Kiss Fencing Club must:
- Consider the well-being and safety of participants before the development of performance.
- Develop an appropriate working relationship with participants based on mutual trust and respect.
- Make sure that all activities are appropriate to the age, ability and experience of those taking part.
- Promote the positive aspects of sport (e.g. fair play).
- Display consistently high standards of behaviour and appearance.
- Follow all the guidelines laid down by the British Fencing Association, England Fencing, British Fencing North West and Salle Kiss Fencing Club
- Hold the appropriate, valid qualifications and insurance cover.
- Never exert undue influence over performers to obtain personal benefit or reward.
- Never condone rule violations, rough play or the use of prohibited substances.
- Encourage participants to value their performances and not just results.
- Encourage and guide participants to accept responsibility for their own performance and behaviour.
- Never punish or belittle a child for losing or making mistakes.
- Publicly accept officials' judgements.
- Support your child's involvement and help them to enjoy their sport.
- Use correct and proper language at all times.
- Encourage and guide performers to accept responsibility for their own performance and behaviour.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
I need a way to tag photos in a Delphi desktop application the way Facebook does it.
That includes some way to easily add the tags over the people, and then hovering the mouse over the person in the photo to show the tag.
The two suggestions in the answer given to: "Delphi Components for Face Identification and Tagging" don't solve this.
But I have no idea where to start, and have been unable to find ideas on the web on how to do this. How does Facebook do it? Or maybe there's a component for Delphi that will allow it.
What would be the best way to try to implement Facebook-like tagging?
p.s. This is some of Facebook's API definition for this: _URL_
Here is a Java program that implements the face tagging functionality that I want to do in my Delphi app: fb-photo-uploader
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4 Answers
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The key parameters of the API you cited are the picture ID, the coordinates, and the tag. The tag can be either the user ID of a Facebook user, or it can be free-form text (for the case when the tagged subject is not a Facebook user). Facebook uses just one coordinate because it uses fixed-size regions to denote a tagged area; the idea is that you click on the center of a person's face, and Facebook just stores that point.
If you display a picture in a TImage control (that's the obvious first choice, after all), you can detect mouse clicks with the OnMouseDown and OnMouseUp events. (The OnClick event is simpler, but doesn't tell you the coordinates.) Once you've acquired a point, prompt for a label to accompany that point. You can use predetermined labels, like Facebook's user IDs, or just use ordinary text, or use something of your own devising. The question of what you use to represent a tag value is orthogonal to whatever other questions you've asked so far.
The other half of Facebook's photo tagging is that moving the mouse over the image displays the tag text over the image, and moving the mouse over the labels below highlight the associated regions. Handle OnMouseMove events and write some code to display or hide labels and shapes as appropriate. If you use TLabel and TShape, you might not even have to modify the image, but showing those controls on top of the image might interfere with further OnMouseMove events for the image. It shouldn't take too long to try some experiments and see what works for you.
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lkessler, I just read your reply to Marshall Fryman, so may have a couple options for you:
THotSpotImage - If you already have TMS components...
ImageEn - in case you already have them...
See w2m's answer #3 i think in further i need get all inner pixels of my selections, so how i can save my selections/objects?
Save selection just saves the selection itself. It does not save the image inside of the selection:
procedure SaveSelectionToFile(const FileName:string); SaveSelectionToFile saves the current selection to the specified file. Example ImageEnView1.Select(10,10,100,100); ImageEnView1.SaveSelectionToFile('selection1');.. sel1.Position:=0; ImageEnView1.LoadSelectionFromFile('selection1'); // this is like Select(10,10,100,100)
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Good selection of options. I wish there was a THotSpotImage outside of TMS. I wouldn't want to get it just for that one component. I already use LMD ElPack for my additional components, and that's enough. – lkessler Apr 15 '09 at 0:08
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I'm a bit confused as to your question. Are you trying to interact with Facebook or just copy the functionality?
If you are trying to copy the functionality: You should be able to just display the image, let the user select the rectangle, possibly copy the image to a new copy to notify the other person with, and apply a tag in a DB. Some helpful links: here is a select image example and here is the copy image portion example. I'd actually think you could do the select image in a paintbox but haven't actually played with one of those in forever.
If you are trying to access the API: The.NET interface may work for you. From what I can tell, there is no COM interface so you'd have to write your own connector or use a.NET Delphi app. Note: all of this information is coming from Google so I won't swear up and down that it's really the current state of things. The only other Facebook API request I saw was from 2007.
If you want to do automatic face recognition, OpenCV from the referenced question looks like a decent way to do it (especially if you have access to C++ Builder).
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Thanks for the thoughtful answer and the useful examples which is the sort of thing I'm looking for. No, I don't want to interact with Facebook, but I'm looking for an easy way to imitate its functionality and take a picture, let the user select a region, and store a tag with the pic. – lkessler Apr 1 '09 at 1:47
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In the Graphic32-library, you can have several layers upon each other in a image. One of the layers that is provided out of the box, is a TRubberbandLayer that allows the user to reposition/resize the layer at runtime.
The mousemove event for the TImage32-component, has a parameter that gives the layer currently under the cursor.
type TImgMouseMoveEvent = procedure(Sender: TObject; Shift: TShiftState; X, Y: Integer; Layer: TCustomLayer) of object;
A combination of rubberbandlayers and the mousemove-event should be good solution, I think.
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White certificates
What are the White Certificates?
The main public support tool for the diffusion of the energy efficiency in our country are the energy efficiency titles (EET), aka, White Certificates.
Basically, they are negotiable titles certifying the accomplishment of energy savings in the final uses of energy: a certification equals to a non-consumption of a tonne of oil equivalent (TOE).
A formula that deeply concerns companies :
The typical case, is a company asking for consultancy to an Energy Service Company as Seaside to realise internal efficiency projects.
Once completed, these projects will be presented to the related body, the GSE, a government company devoted to the promotion of the sustainable development, including energy efficiency.
Once all the requirement are verified, GSE releases the awarded EETs.
These lasts are not only simple documentation, but real certificates with economic value, variable in time, because in Italy there are some efficiency obligations for big energy and gas suppliers, that can be discharged through White Certificates acquisition linked to projects realised by third entities.
As a conclusion, the company who undergoes through efficiency intervention, not only benefits from the diminishments of consumption, but also gets economic contribution linked to the White Certificate value.
A high impact formula: according to the ENEA 2016 energy efficiency report, in the decade 2005-2015, the EET scheme produced savings up to 4.57Mtoe, revealing to be the most effective mechanism for energy efficiency.
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There is strong evidence suggesting that movement is a valuable predictor of future health and resilience against disease. Moving well can keep you healthier and help you live longer. Here are some examples of the power of movement when it comes to predicting future health:
Gait Velocity is how fast you walk. Studies have shown that if your typical walking speed is over 1 m/s or 3.3 ft/s, you're likely able to complete typical daily activities independently. You're also less likely to be hospitalized and less likely to have adverse events like falls.
Get On and Off the Floor.
A series of studies suggest that if you can go from standing to sitting on the floor and back to standing without using your hands, you're a lot less likely to die than someone who can't. It's called the sitting-rising test. You can find the instructions and examples with a quick internet search.
Notice that both gait velocity and the sitting-rising test aren't specific to any one thing. The risk of hospitalization in the gait velocity studies was hospitalization for any reason. Death in the sitting-rising studies was death from anything. So science says that moving well is incredibly important to your overall health. It's also important for your quality of life. We think moving well is just as important as your teeth, eyes, and taxes. If you agree, get that annual PT exam scheduled!


A Christmas Carol
What does miserly mean? Give three examples of how Scrooge is miserly.
What does that mean?
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Last updated by jill d #170087
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A miser would be someone who hoards their money and refuses to spend it even on necessities. The word applies to Scrooge, in that he hoards the coal in the office needed to work because he doesn't want to spend more, refuses charity for the poor and destitute, and begrudges Cratchit wages for the holiday. Scrooge even conserved the wood he needed to keep a fire going in his own home. He had to sit very close to it, in order to receive any warmth.
A Christmas Carol


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Aircraft maintenance is key for safe and efficient aircraft operations. While most studies propose cost-efficient maintenance strategies, the safety and efficiency of these strategies need to be quantified. This paper proposes a formal framework to assess the safety and efficiency of maintenance strategies by means of agent-based modelling, stochastically and dynamically coloured Petri nets, and Monte Carlo simulation. We model an end-to-end aircraft maintenance process, considering several maintenance stakeholders. We apply our framework for aircraft landing gear brakes, and use a Gamma process to model the degradation trends of the brakes. The numerical results show that applying data-driven strategies reduces the number of inspections by 36%, while maintaining the same level of safety as in the case of traditional time-based maintenance strategies. Furthermore, in order to discuss the possibility to substitute all inspections by sensor monitoring, an advanced data-driven strategy using prognostics is considered. Overall, our proposed framework is generic and can readily be applied to assess the safety and efficiency of the maintenance of other aircraft components and maintenance strategies.
- Aircraft maintenance
- Gamma process
- Landing gear brake
- Stochastically and dynamically coloured Petri nets


text:
What does the first stanza describe in "Because I Could Not Stop for Death" by Emily Dickinson?
The first stanza of "Because I Could Not Stop for Death" describes the gentleman caller who appears in order to take the speaker with him in his carriage. This caller is Death personified.
As readers of this poem peruse the stanzas, they realize the gentleman caller is Death. He appears to the speaker in the form of a man, but the mention of the carriage containing only the speaker, driver, and Immortality indicates the driver's role: he is transporting the speaker from her earthly house to the "House" that seems but a "swelling of the ground" with a scarcely visible roof. In other words, Death is carrying the speaker through her life to its end, the grave. As they ride, the speaker views her youth as the children playing at recess in school. She then views the "Fields of Gazing Grain" that represent her maturity into womanhood. Finally, they pass "the Setting Sun" as she reaches the end of her life.
In the final stanza, the speaker addresses her audience from the grave as she recalls her realization that her caller was transporting her "toward Eternity."


CREATE EVENT SESSION RingBufferExampleSession ON SERVER
 ADD EVENT sqlserver.page_split
 (
 ACTION (sqlserver.sql_text, sqlserver.tsql_stack, sqlserver.username)
 WHERE sqlserver.database_id = 8
 )
 ADD TARGET package0.ring_buffer
 (SET max_memory = 4096)
WITH (max_dispatch_latency = 1 seconds)
Tracing SQL statements that error out
Here's a common scenario I hear: The system runs fine but once every month an SQL error happens in the system. How to trace this? Until now you could only use Profiler or SQL Trace to capture "SQL:StmtStarting", "SQL:StmtCompleted", "Errors and Warnings:Exception" and "Errors and Warnings:User Error Message" events and then find out which statement failed. However this had the potential to impact performance since we still collected every "SQL:StmtStarting" and "SQL:StmtCompleted" event that happened. With Extended event this is easily achieved with "error_reported" event. When this event happens we simply collect the offending SQL Statement. Here is the CREATE EVENT SESSION that does this:
CREATE EVENT SESSION RingBufferExampleSession ON SERVER
 ADD EVENT sqlserver.error_reported
 -- collect failed SQL statement, the SQL stack that led to the error,
 -- the database id in which the error happened and the username that ran the statement
 (
 ACTION (sqlserver.sql_text, sqlserver.tsql_stack, sqlserver.database_id,
 sqlserver.username)
 WHERE sqlserver.database_id = 8
 )
 ADD TARGET package0.ring_buffer
 (SET max_memory = 4096)
WITH (max_dispatch_latency = 1 seconds)
Run the SQL that will fail:
SELECT * FROM Person.Contact WHERE ModifiedDate = '2005-05-16 16:33:g3.060'
This is how part of the collected event data looks like:
<action name="sql_text" package="sqlserver">
 <type name="unicode_string" package="package0" />
 <value>select * from Person.Contact where ModifiedDate = '2005-05-16 16:33:g3.060'</value>
 <text />
</action>
<action name="tsql_stack" package="sqlserver">
 <type name="unicode_string" package="package0" />
 <value>
 <frame level='1' handle='0x020000003AE0580FE1F8B6F993AB883E115A3C29DA3E50A2'
 line='1' offsetStart='0' offsetEnd='-1'/>
 <frame level='2' handle='0x02000000CE095F247634DD4687A0D25637CBCD2BCB17AB29'
 line='1' offsetStart='0' offsetEnd='-1'/>
 </value>
 <text />
</action>
By looking at the sql_text action node we can see the offending statement and since we've also collected the tsql_stack action we can look at the all SQL statements that led caused the error.
Tracing deadlocks, locking and blocking
Deadlock problems have been around as long as databases have been around. They are logical design problems that should be resolved. That's why deadlock detection has seen quite a boom. You can detect them by setting Trace flags, analyzing a profiler trace or using asynchronous Event Notifications of which I am a big fan of and still prefer using. So no example would be complete without showing that too. The advantage Extended Events provide over other methods is in the collection of other relevant system data with the use of actions and precise tracking with predicates. Here is the CREATE EVENT SESSION that does this:
CREATE EVENT SESSION RingBufferExampleSession
ON SERVER
 ADD EVENT sqlserver.lock_deadlock
 (
 ACTION (sqlserver.sql_text, sqlserver.tsql_stack, sqlserver.username,
 sqlserver.session_id, sqlserver.request_id)
 WHERE sqlserver.database_id = 8
 )
 -- this is an optional part if we want to also collect other lock events.
 -- ADD EVENT sqlserver.locks_lock_timeouts
 -- (
 -- ACTION (sqlserver.sql_text, sqlserver.tsql_stack, sqlserver.username,
 -- sqlserver.session_id, sqlserver.request_id)
 -- WHERE sqlserver.database_id = 8
 -- ),
 -- ADD EVENT sqlserver.locks_lock_waits
 -- (
 -- ACTION (sqlserver.sql_text, sqlserver.tsql_stack, sqlserver.username,
 -- sqlserver.session_id, sqlserver.request_id)
 -- WHERE sqlserver.database_id = 8
 -- )
 ADD TARGET package0.ring_buffer
 (SET max_memory = 4096)
WITH (max_dispatch_latency = 1 seconds)
This info can also be retrieved from the built-in system_health session so we don't have to make it ourselves.
Tracing long running queries
This is also a common performance troubleshooting technique. You can use SQL Profiler to trace for those but this is a way to do it with Extended events. Notice that we use the sql_statement_completed.duration to get only queries executing longer than 500 ms. The duration is measured in microseconds thus we have to use the value 500 000 to get half a second. Here is the CREATE EVENT SESSION that does this:
CREATE EVENT SESSION RingBufferExampleSession
ON SERVER
 ADD EVENT sqlserver.sql_statement_completed
 (
 ACTION (sqlserver.sql_text, sqlserver.tsql_stack, sqlserver.username)
 WHERE sqlserver.database_id = 8
 AND sqlserver.sql_statement_completed.duration > 500000
 )
 ADD TARGET package0.ring_buffer
 (SET max_memory = 4096)
WITH (max_dispatch_latency = 1 seconds)
Report all event occurrences greater/smaller than N
Sometimes we want to only report events after/before they have been fired number of times. This hasn't been possible before the introduction of Extended events. With the use of package0.counter > N predicate we can collect data for every occurrence greater than N. In other words if N is 3 than every 4th, 5th,… Nth occurrence of an event will be collected. Of course the opposite goes for package0.counter < N.
In this example we're collecting data about every detected long IO after they have fired 10 times. Depending on your system this can mean that you have IO problems. On a non-busy system this won't produce any events so it's hard to show it in action. However it's useful to know it exists. Of course in this example N is completely random and not based on any benchmark. Here is the CREATE EVENT SESSION with N = 10 that does this:
CREATE EVENT SESSION RingBufferExampleSession ON SERVER
 ADD EVENT sqlserver.long_io_detected
 (
 ACTION (sqlserver.sql_text, sqlserver.tsql_stack, sqlserver.username)
 WHERE sqlserver.database_id = 8 and package0.counter > 10
 )
 ADD TARGET package0.ring_buffer
 (SET max_memory = 4096)
WITH (max_dispatch_latency = 1 seconds)
Extended Events How To's in Books Online
Books Online have a few examples of Extended Events use. Note that "resource_0" column in those examples is actually the object ID of the accompanying object like object_id, index ID, page ID, etc..
Hopefully all these examples have shown you the potential that SQL Server Extended Events have when troubleshooting and monitoring performance. The full working code for the examples can be found in the accompanying file.
< Previous: Introduction to SQL Server 2008 Extended Events | Next >
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FUNCTION OF LEXICAL BUNDLES IN ECONOMICS RESEARCH ARTICLES
This paper investigates the function of 4-word lexical bundles in a corpus of economics research articles in English, written by Macedonian scholars. It adopts a corpus-driven approach, and it follows Hyland's (2008a) tripartite functional classification of lexical bundles, grouping the bundles into three main categories: research-oriented, text-oriented and participant oriented. The findings indicate that lexical bundles contribute significantly to the creation of discourse in the economics research articles by serving various functions. The results also demonstrate that research-oriented lexical bundles are dominant in the academic writing for economics, supporting previous research which showed prevalence of this type of bundles in the academic written genres in general. This suggests that lexical bundles should be considered an important component in the process of language acquisition, and need to be introduced in EAP courses, emphasising the function they serve in specific registers.


Quick Answer: Do You Need A Vapor Barrier On Concrete?
Should you put plastic under concrete?
A concrete vapor barrier is any material that prevents moisture from entering a concrete slab.
Vapor barriers are used because while fresh concrete is poured wet, it's not supposed to stay that way.
It needs to dry and then stay dry to avoid flooring problems.
This is why a vapor barrier under concrete is essential..
What can I use for vapor barrier under concrete?
The use of a vapor barrier (more accurately termed a vapor retarder), having a water vapor permeance of less than 0.3 perm is frequently used to retard the flow of moisture through the slab. These vapor retarders are typically polyethylene or polyolefin sheeting materials.
Where should vapor barrier be installed?
Vapor barriers are usually best installed on the side of the wall that experiences the hotter temperature and moister conditions: the inner surface in colder climates and the outer surface in hot, humid climates. In existing spaces, oil-based paints or vapor-barrier latex paints offer an effective moisture barrier.
What is code for vapor barrier?
Vapor Retarders in Cold Climate Zones (5, 6, 7 and Marine 4): The International Residential Code (IRC) requires either a Class I or II vapor retarder on the interior side of frame walls in climate zones: 5, 6, 7, 8 and marine 4 (see climate zone map).
What happens if you don't have a vapor barrier?
You may find that vapour barriers are often not required in warmer climates. And, if installed in the wrong climate or on the wrong side of building materials, a vapour barrier can cause more harm than good. This circumstance may prevent water vapour from drying, which in turn can cause rot and mold.
Is vapor barrier required by code?
We need vapor barriers in California Climate Zones 14-16. … A vapor barrier is likely required if the building is cladded with absorptive material and if the structure is in United States climate zones 4C, 5 through 8.
Do you need rebar for 6 inch slab?
Does a concrete slab need rebar?
Can you use spray foam under concrete slab?
Insulating under foundation and basement slabs using SPF (spray polyurethane foam) offers certain advantages over the more common method of using rigid foam board. … Only closed-cell SPF can be used in a subslab installation; the open-cell foam does not have adequate compressive strength.
What type of gravel goes under concrete?
Backfill beneath concrete flat-work along foundation walls should be accomplished with a granular material that is uniform in size. Some fill materials, such as round stones like pea gravel, tend to be self compacting. "I recommend open-graded granular material be used," says Tull.
What is better for concrete patio rebar or mesh?
wire mesh, the short answer is: use both! … Concrete driveways that need to carry a heavy load should have both rebar and wire mesh to reinforce the concrete. For a patio, you might be able to get away with using welded wire mesh. But remember, all concrete will crack and all concrete will shrink.
Can you pour concrete directly on dirt?
Long story short, yes you can pour concrete over dirt.
Why do they put plastic down before concrete?
Do you need rebar for 4 inch slab?
Can you put a vapor barrier over concrete?
Therefore, in high-humidity areas, moisture will move to a relatively low-humidity area, even through concrete. Therefore, because concrete is porous, it's a good idea to install a vapor barrier over your concrete subfloor before installing your flooring.
Do I need a moisture barrier under vinyl plank flooring?
Can I use Tyvek as a vapor barrier?
No, DuPont™ Tyvek® is not a vapor barrier. It is made with unique material science to keep air and bulk water out while allowing moisture vapor inside walls to escape.
Is sand a good base for concrete?
Is wire mesh better than rebar?
How long before it can rain on concrete?
How Long Does Concrete Take to Dry Before Rain? Even if it starts raining after a concrete pour, the potential for damage may not be that serious. If you had time to complete the finishing process and the concrete has stiffened (typically 4 to 8 hours after mixing), rainwater may cause little if any damage.
How do you prepare ground for concrete?
Preparation is the most important aspect of pouring a concrete slab.Dig the ground down to the proper depth. … Smooth out the ground with the flat side of a rake so that you have a level surface. … Tamp the ground with a hand tamper or mechanical tamper. … Pour 2 inches of small, rounded gravel for additional drainage needs.


Planning the Engineering Design of a Food Processing Facility
July 2017
Introduction
Engineering design and construction of a food processing facility requires a great deal of planning. Information must be collected from many sources and combined into documents that are simple to read and share with others. Planning sessions should not involve persons that represent all aspects of facility activity. Examples are production, maintenance, supervision, sales, accounting, receiving, warehousing, distribution, human resources, management, engineering, research and development, key suppliers (products and services), government agencies, and consultants. Consultants include engineers, lawyers, insurance providers, and other specialists that may not be regularly employed by the company. For large projects, it is recommended to hold scheduled planning sessions at a convenient location that is free from distractions. It is often desirable to obtain and unrelated, third party to lead and moderate planning sessions in order to retain objectivity and purpose. An agenda should be drafted for each planning sessions.
This fact sheet lists many of the elements to consider when designing food-processing plants. Since each situation is unique, some elements will not apply and some important elements may need to be added. Relevant elements can form the basis for a planning session agenda. Elements listed are not in any particular order of importance and emphasize engineering design (not economics, marketing, logistics and other necessary inputs). Lists of design considerations are given under four headings.
 - Facility
 - Process
 - Product
 - Other
The "Other" list contains miscellaneous elements and items that can be classified in multiple categories. Where useful examples and a brief explanation of the desired input are given. For a more detailed explanation of an engineering approach to facility design for food processing, please call the author for a copy of the Oklahoma State University circular E-959, Process Engineering Method for Food and Agricultural Products.
Facility
 1. Site selection: Identify the best location(s) for the facility, considering the following factors.
 - Economic development assistance – grants or other support offered to new businesses
 - Flexibility
 - Expansion
 - Utilities availability
 - Maintenance
 - Sanitation
 - Access
 - Environmental impact
 - Zoning laws
 - Permit requirements
 - Parking for employees and delivery vehicles
 1. Existing or proposed facility size (square feet)
 - Designate size of dedicated areas (storage, cooler, processing, packing, etc.)
 - Provide a plan view of the proposed facilities layout (a scaled drawing is not necessary if dimensions are included)
 - Estimate expansions requirements (show on drawing)
 1. Provide a budget estimate for the cost of the facility
 2. Utilities: Identify source(s) and cost to provide utility service as shown in table 1. Review the impact of variable demand charges (if any) and limitations on quantity (e.g. BOD of discharge to treatment system). Consider including meters that can record utility usage to provide data for improving operating efficiency.
 3. List code and permit requirements (local, state, federal and international)
 4. Type of construction (steel frame, concrete, panel, pre-packaged, etc.)
 5. Overhead clearance available or required in designated areas (especially processing)
 6. Description of access requirements to facility and dimensions of openings
 7. Flooring, walls and ceiling in wash down and special use areas
 8. Floor drains in wash-down and process areas
 9. Type (drop-down, floor, or wall) and number of utilities connections (electric, steam, water, air, etc.) in process areas.
 10. Refrigerated storage requirement (square feet or amount of products/materials/pallets) for proper handling, rotation and placement of goods
 - Temperature
 - Raw materials (ingredients)
 - Finished product
 - Rework
 - Long-term storage requirements for seasonal goods
 - Stack height
 1. Strategy for grouping separate refrigerated areas to maximize energy efficiency, materials handling requirements, and expansion of needs
 2. Ambient temperature storage requirement (square feet or amount of products/materials/pallets)
 - Raw materials (ingredients)
 - Finished product
 - Packaging materials
 - Rework
 - Long-term storage for seasonal products (estimate)
 - Incoming materials inspection and storage
 - Wall clearance and inspection lane requirements
 - Stack height
 - Develop a strategy for grouping separate storage areas to maximize materials handling requirements and expansion needs
 1. Employee service facilities requirements
 - Drinking water fountains
 - Toilet and lavatory facilities
 - Change rooms
 - Training or classroom
 - Retiring room
 - First aid
 - Food service
 1. All warehousing and storage areas
 - Incoming materials inspection and storage
 - Truck and railcar parking and sanitation facilities
 - Wall clearance and inspection lane requirements
 - Protective guard posts for walls, doors, and equipment
 1. Cleaning and Sanitation
 - Layout
 - Materials handling
 - Grease trap location
 - Building exterior
 - Floors and drains
 - Walls and ceilings
 - Ventilation
 - Lighting
 - Pest proofing
 - Surface treatments and coatings
 - Truck and railcar sanitation
 - Wastewater pretreatment
 - Secondary and tertiary wastewater treatment systems
 1. Process electrical equipment rating (wash-down, dust proof, explosion proof, etc.)
 2. Electrical switchgear and motor control room location
 3. Emergency Power: Indicate the amount (square feet or percentage of area) and temperature of refrigerated warehouse or facility area to be protected by an emergency power source, if any.
 4. Parking and access
 - Delivery trucks
 - Truck drivers lounge
 - Railcar
 - Employee
 - Special designation (inspector, visitor, customer, etc.)
Table 1. Utility source, availability, capacity, fee, and rate
UtilitySource
(provide contact name and phone number)
Hook-up Fee
(maximum)
CapacityRate
ElectrickW$/kW
Natural Gastherm$/therm
Watergal.$/1,000 gal.
Sewagegal.$/1,000 gal.
Solid wasteN/A$/cubic yard
Other
Process
 1. Describe the value-added products to be processed. An example is provided in table 2. Include future requirements.
 2. Process organization and flow
 - Materials flow (product, waste, rework, packaging, ingredients and intermediates) and storage
 - Personnel flow
 - Data collection and manipulation
 1. Provide recipes and examples of product/packaging materials if available
 2. Regulatory requirements for products (local, state, federal and international)
 3. Describe the level of process automation desired for the facility (e.g. manual, semi-automated, or fully automated)
 4. Describe the level of packaging automation desired for the facility (e.g. manual, semi-automated, or fully automated)
 5. Describe the carton or case requirements for products
 6. Describe the image desired for the facility (e.g. state-of-the-are, modern or utility)
 7. Provide a budget estimate for capital equipment expense
 8. Is used equipment acceptable/desired? If so, state any specific areas in the process where used equipment is unacceptable
 9. How will ingredients or raw materials be delivered to the facility (delivery size, pallet or container size, stacking specifications, temperature, frequency, supply capability, and plans for handling)?
 10. How will packaging materials be delivered to the facility (delivery size, frequency, pallet dimensions, stacking specifications, case size and plans for handling)?
 11. How will finished goods leave the facility (frequency, pallet requirements, wrapping, coding, and handling requirement)?
 12. Technology
 - Process equipment
 - Materials handling (pneumatic conveying, bucket elevators, augers, conveyors, gravity slide, etc.)
 - Control systems for process and environment (degree of automation)
 - Quality assurance (in-house systems)
 - Research and development
 1. Expansion capability and space availability
 2. Flexibility (changeovers, seasonal packs or products, and future upgrades)
 3. Reliability of equipment (lifetime requirement)
 4. Waste treatment, handling, disposal, and recovery
 5. Sanitation standards
 - Housekeeping
 - Raw materials handling and storage
 - Processed and finished product handling and storage
 - Waste handling procedures
 - Current Good Manufacturing Practices (cGMPs)
 1. Sanitary facilities
 - Cleaning and sanitizing
 - Methods required
 - Systems needed
 1. Personnel safety
 2. Environmental safety
 3. Product and process safety
 - Metal detection
 - Line magnets and strainers
 - cGMPs
Table 2. Description of product, production rate and package
 Production Rate
ProductMinMaxPackage
Example I: 1 cc capsule of pure emu oil (red or green)250 caps/min500 caps/min250, 500 and 1,000 caps.
Plastic bottle with cotton insert and shrink band
Example II: 1cc capsule of pure emu oil (red or green)500 caps/minn
phase II
1,000 caps/min
phase III
Same as example I
Example 111: 5cc capsule of emu oil and aloe (blue and brown)250 caps/min500 caps/minMini 50 count and Jumbo 5,000 plastic bottle with heat-activated foil seal
Product
Describe the value-added products to be processed as shown in table 2. Describe the physical properties of ingredients, intermediate and final product(s) (include or forecast ingredients in future plans). Intermediate products may be important in cases where physical properties of the intermediate are unique when compared to the ingredients and final product. Examples of descriptive terms follow:
 1. Common name of ingredient, source or specification
 2. Density (weight per volume)
 3. Corrosive nature
 4. Viscosity (indicate temperature or range of temperatures)
 5. Sensitivity to air
 6. Sensitivity to temperature
 7. Sensitivity to moisture
 8. Sensitivity to materials (contact)
 9. Requirement for agitation or mixing
 10. Dustiness
 11. Flammability
 12. Volatility
 13. Reactivity
 14. Bridging
 15. Abrasive nature
 16. Toxicity
 17. Freezing point
 18. Boiling point
 19. Rheology
 20. Particle size
 21. Stiffness
 22. Thermal conductivity
 23. Electrical conductivity
 24. Specific heat
Other design considerations
Food and Drug Administration, United States Department of Agriculture, or


2 Way Match Vs 3 Way Match Vs 4 Way Match In AP
The Differences Between 2 Way Matching, 3 Way Matching, an… Matching In AP
2-way, 3-way, and 4-way matching is a vital part of accounting when it comes to procurement and receiving. As one of the best internal controls to keep your business from paying for things you didn't receive or overpaying for things you did, it is well worth the effort it takes.
The Differences Between 2 Way Matching and 3 Way Matching In AP
If you work in accounting, you're probably already aware of the 2-way match vs 3-way match, but for those that aren't, let's take a closer look at each.
2-Way Matching
In 2-way matching, the purchase order and invoice information are verified to match within your tolerances as shown:
 - The quantity billed must be less than or equal to the quantity ordered
 - The invoice price must be less than or equal to the purchase order price
3-Way Matching
3-way matching, adds an additional criterion is added to verify that the receipt and invoice information match with the quantity tolerances you define.
The quantity billed must be less than or equal to the quantity received.
4-Way Matching
And 4-way matching adds yet another criterion to verify that acceptance documents and invoice match within your quantity tolerances.
The quantity billed must be less than or equal to the quantity accepted.
Setting your tolerance is also critical to determining your matching criteria. Sometimes companies consider quantities inside the tolerance limits as matched.
For instance:
If you order 100 items and have a 5% tolerance, and there is an invoice quantity of 103, this is within the tolerance and the matching system accepts it.
However, if you order 100 items with a 5% tolerance, and there is an invoice quantity of 115, this is outside the tolerance and the matching system will flag it for manual review.
Why PO-Matching Matters to Your Organization
If you're not an accounting professional, this may seem overly complex. In reality, all you're doing is ensuring you're only being billed for the number of items you ordered at the price you were quoted and confirming that you did receive the quantity you ordered.
The allowance for less than or equal to means that a vendor shipping more than the quantity you agreed upon or charging less than you agreed to is acceptable. This setup only flags in situations where a vendor sends less or charges more than the agreed-upon amounts.
This setup places the responsibility of error in favor of the consumer onto the vendor and is found in delivery-based manufacturing more often than many many realize.
"Without matching controls, the company could be purging money and not even realize it. Blindly paying invoices means you could be paying more than the agreed-upon price, paying for more than what you received, or paying for the same product multiple times. The matching process prevents paying fraudulent invoices."
How 2-Way, 3-Way, and 4-Way Matching is Done
In the past, this type of matching was done manually, which was time-consuming and left a lot of room for error. Traditional, the purchase order was filled out on paper and handed over to accounting. The vendor then invoiced the company and shipped out the product.
When the product was received, the receiving clerk would verify the quantity of product received, giving the packing slip to the accounting department. The accounting department would then compare the packing slip to the purchase order, then the purchase order to the invoice, and the invoice to the packing slip to make sure all the numbers lined up.
It was a lot of work for the accounts payable department and the receiving department. It all relied on the fact that a receiving clerk was indeed correctly verifying goods receipt and that the corresponding purchase order was readily available.
Now, thanks to AP automation, the accounts payable processes are streamlined. Two-way matching, three-way matching, and even four-way matching occur automatically once purchase orders, receiving reports, and invoices are all in the system.
If during the invoice matching process something doesn't line up, it is flagged for review, someone can take a look at it and solve the issue before making payment.
If the matching process goes smoothly, the company can take advantage of early payment options during invoice processing. This keeps vendors happy and may even position the company in such a way that they can leverage discounts to save even more money on future orders.
When it comes to 2-way match vs. 3-way match, three-way is the better option because it compares the purchase order to the receipt of the goods to the invoice to make sure you're only paying for goods you ordered and received.
Though accounting automation takes a bit of setup work to get started, it is well worth it in the end. Once in the system, everything will run through you're pre-established routing and rules for approvals, matching, and verification to improve the accuracy and efficiency of the entire procure to pay process.
With PLANERGY, there are notifications to keep the involved parties informed when there is something that must be done or any document requires their attention.
This eliminates misplaced documents and waiting periods, and the back-and-forth conversation that has to occur between departments.
PLANERGY automatically uses 3-way matching to streamline your workflow.
Find Out How
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weird annualized rule about return?
Discussion in 'Strategy Development' started by yoyo2000, Oct 3, 2005.
 1. yoyo2000
 I met a weird annualized rule:
 as usual,in order to annualize a monthly return,one should multiplies this monthly return with square root of 12,but when a guy compounds his capital,this rule become weird:
 Suppose a system's monthly return is 100%,so his yearly return should be (100%+1)^12-1= 4095% with compounding his capital,but in square root of 12 rule,his year return is 100%*square root(12) = 346%,the difference is so huge!
 what's wrong?
 2. acrary
 You multiply by the square root of 12 to annualize the monthly standard deviation, not the return.
 3. You are not quite correct in that a 100% monthly return results in an annualized return of 409,500% if compounded monthly. Your formula is correct:
 (1+1.00)^12-1=4,095. However, you forgot to multiply the result by 100 in order to present the annualized return in percentage terms.
 Anyone who disagrees can prove it to himself by doing it by hand by simply doubling the starting capital 12 times. It only takes a moment or two. Starting with capital of only $1,000 at the beginning fo the first month you will reach $4,096,000 at the end of the year. Subtract from the total the original $1,000 capital base, and you have a net profit of $4,095,000 which is an annualized return of 409,500%
 As for the second part of your post, it also works backwards, remembering to present the percentage return in decimal terms in the equation (dividing by 100):
 (4,095+1)^(1/12)-1=1.00. This 1.00 represents the 100% monthly return (in decimal terms), and is the geometric mean rather than the arithmetic mean. You must use the geometric mean to account for the monthly compounding effect. This is a simple time value of money calculation.
 Please confirm the validity of my calculations since it has been 21 years since I completed my MBA and I have never encountered scenarios with such astronomical returns in my previous life as a banker. Those decimal points can get lost in such lofty numbers, eh?
 As an aside, this is why I think that people who claim to be able to double their money on a monthly basis are well and truly quite full of shit.
 4. It depends on what they mean. If they are pulling the original amount out every month, then it is absolutely possible. But compounding at 100% may not be a likely scenario; although anything is possible.
 5. There is a wide chasm between possible and even remotely likely. Why would someone want to take out his money when it can earn so much so quickly in his trading account? Living expenses?! Of course, the markets will not allow such a trading god to compound to the moon because of liquidity constraints and all the other usual reasons, but why not take it to the limit of what the markets and his method can tolerate? There are a number trading billionaires whose returns never came even remotely close to those kinds of monthly returns. So why is the guy who makes 100% a month not among them? Why would he need to pull out the original amount every month and prevent himself from owning the world in just a few short years?
 Since even the greatest trading legends have never consistently made 100% monthly returns, I think I will stick to my guns and confidently assume that such poseurs on ET and elsewhere are well and truly quite full of shit.
 6. Since ES is doing very little at the moment (and I'm bored), let us explore the matter a bit further. Let me present a gross exaggeration first to make a point, and then a relatively more "plausible" scenario.
 First the outrageous scenario. Consider a chess board, which has 64 squares. Imagine that you place a single penny on the first square (the corner of your choice). If you then subsequently double the amount of the preceding square, by the time you reach the 64th square you will have theoretically achieved more wealth than all the wealth of this world. In dollar terms, the last square will have a value of $1.84467 x 10^17. I believe this is in the quadrillions (which come after trillions). If each square were to represent one month, then the theoretical wealth will have been achieved in just over 5 years.
 Of course, this example is patently absurd. Therefore, let us pare it down to more "reasonable" levels based on your assertion that it is "absolutely possible" to consistently make 100% monthly returns. You are not comfortable with the idea of monthly compounding, presumably for the reasons I mentioned in my prior post (liquidity, etc.). Therefore, let us consider the possibility that he does reinvest all his winnings and seeks to expand the markets he trades in to overcome liquidity issues. He can do so by expanding to international markets and by hiring other traders to trade his method. Even so, the growing size of his account will likely degrade his method and his strategy will no longer be able to achieve 100% monthly returns because he is reinvesting (compounding). Therefore, let us assume that he is only able to achieve a quarter of his earlier performance, a "mere" 25% monthly return when reinvested. This would mean that if he were to start with only $10,000, he would have net profits before overheads of almost $16 Billion after only 64 months. Not bad if you can get it. Just as a matter of interest, if he could "only" achieve a monthly return of 20% (which is reinvested), he would have profits before overheads of over $1.1 Billion. A 30% reinvested return would yield profits before overhead of over $196 Billion. You choose.
 So, my question to you is this: where are all these traders who are able to make 100% monthly returns and why are they not reinvesting, regardless of the degradation of their methods? Presumably, if they only applied themselves they could displace the Soros, PTJs, Cohens, and all the other legends of the trading world in a matter of a few years. Even those guys never even dreamed of consistent 100% monthly returns and look where they are.
 Therefore, I will continue to abide by the conclusions of my 2 earlier posts: BS.
 7. yoyo2000
 Well,100% return per month just an example to magnify the effect of calculation.
 8. Never heard of using square roots to annualize return.
 Returns expand geometrically with time.
 Volatility, however, expand geometrically with the square root of time.
 9. yoyo2000
 it's very weird,I saw that there are 7 reply to my post from list,but when I enter,I couldn't find only 3,how can I see other 4 reply,please?


%0 DATA %A Oluwasola O.D., Afolabi %D 2015 %T An investigation into human biowaste management using microwave hydrothermal carbonization for sustainable sanitation %U _URL_ %2 _URL_ %K Sanitation %K Developing economies %K Human biowaste %K Microwave %K Hydrothermal carbonization %K Value recovery %X The prolonged challenges and dire consequences of poor sanitation, especially in developing economies, call for the exploration of new sustainable technologies. These need to be: capable of effectively treating human faecal wastes without any health or environmental impacts; scalable to address rapid increases in population and urbanization; capable of meeting environmental regulations and standards for faecal management; and competitive with existing strategies. Further and importantly, despite its noxiousness and pathogenic load, the chemical composition of human biowaste (HBW) indicates that it may be considered to be a potentially valuable, nutrient-rich renewable resource, rather than a problematic waste product. This doctoral study therefore investigated microwave hydrothermal carbonization (M-HTC) as a sanitation technology for processing HBW – to convert it into a safe, pathogen-free material, while also recovering inherent value and providing an economic base to sustain the technology. To this end, the products of M-HTC treatment of sewage sludge, human faecal sludge, synthetic faecal simulant and human faeces were characterized with a suite of techniques and tests to demonstrate pathogenic deactivation, and the intrinsic value of the resultant solid char and liquor. [Continues.]


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In this talk, we present our journey towards and our experiences in transposing static analyses from application to infrastructure code.
We realised the need to analyse infrastructure code while designing the Chaokka automated tester. Chaokka injects cloud-specific faults during the execution of a test suite to assess the resilience of a cloud-native application against these faults. The approach uses delta debugging to speed up the exploration of the corresponding fault space, which we expect to benefit further from architectural insights extracted from the supporting infrastructure code (e.g., how many replicas the application maintains of each service, …).
The second part of the talk focuses on analyses for infrastructure code in general, and Ansible in particular. To this end, we present two static representations of Ansible code. First, we describe a structural model, akin to an AST, and its applications in empirical research on Semantic Versioning in the Ansible Galaxy ecosystem. Second, we present a program dependence graph representation that captures the control and data flow of an Ansible script. We describe the challenges faced when building such graphs, caused by unconventional and undocumented Ansible semantics. Finally, we describe two applications of Ansible program dependence graphs, namely the detection of variable-related smells, and a graph pattern mining approach to defect detection.


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From Bulbapedia, the community-driven Pokémon encyclopedia.
Meet the Pokémon is a Pokémon guide book for beginning readers. It includes details on various aspects of the Pokémon world, in a basic format as it is for beginning readers. It was written by Michael Teitelbaum and published by BradyGames (under the "DK Readers" imprint) in 2008. It is 32 pages in length.
The book details a variety of Pokémon subjects, such as the Pokémon species themselves, the Pokémon world, and things that are encountered in a Pokémon Trainer's journey such as Gyms and the Poké Ball. It describes various Sinnoh Pokémon, details of Pokémon battling, and places where Pokémon may be found, such as tall grass. Additionally, it details the relationship Trainers such as Ash have with their Pokémon.
Pokémon under possession of Trainers
Pokémon described in detail (Page 20-25):
Pokémon featured in the evolution listing:
Get to know the Pokémon, the people who train them, and their exciting world!
- At one point, the book describes Turtwig as being made from soil. Although it is true that Turtwig's shell is made of soil and it is possible that this was the statement intended, Turtwig are not actually made of soil.
- It states that Glalie evolves into Froslass. Both Pokémon actually evolve from Snorunt. Glalie evolves from Snorunt at level 42, and Froslass evolves from female Snorunt when exposed to a Dawn Stone.


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Horticultural consultant: job description
Horticultural consultants are responsible for maintaining a careful balance of flora and fauna under constantly changing conditions. Key tasks include:
- developing and maintaining a set of client contacts
- visiting clients on site
- undertaking environmental assessments
- analysing horticultural yields
- designing garden plans/planting layouts
- advising about tree planting schemes
- planning restoration projects
- organising horticultural trials
- making presentations
- writing technical publications, advisory leaflets and reports
- attending conferences
- maintaining an awareness of industry developments
- undertaking research
- maintaining financial and administrative records
- developing, advertising and marketing services.
Variations in workloads relate to seasonal demands – some long and unsocial hours may be necessary during busy periods. Opportunities for promotion into senior consultancy positions are limited – relocation or specialisation is normally required. Many horticultural consultants work on a freelance basis, after many years of experience in other horticultural roles.
- Specialist horticultural consultancies
- Local authorities
- Wildlife or heritage trusts
- Commercial food processing companies
- Packaging and distribution companies
- Horticultural, agricultural or environmental associations
A large number of horticultural consultants are self-employed.
Jobs are advertised by careers services, in local/national newspapers and publications including Opportunities, Horticulture Week, New Scientist, Nature, Farmers Weekly and their online equivalents. Speculative applications are advisable as many posts receive little advertising. Trade directories such as the British Institute of Agricultural Consultants (BIAC) Directory may provide useful contact information.
A degree or higher national diploma (HND) in horticulture, agriculture, soil or earth sciences, environmental science, agricultural engineering or crop/plant science is normally the minimum academic requirement for entry into the profession. A relevant postgraduate qualification may be necessary for some opportunities. Read our article on scientific postgraduate study to explore your different options and visit the science section of TARGETpostgrad for lots more advice.
Prior practical work experience is usually essential as vacancies attract strong competition. A full driving licence is also normally required.
- Commercial awareness
- Problem solving skills
- Analytical skills
- Sales skills
- Organisation and project management skills
- Substantial knowledge of horticultural issues
Next: search graduate jobs and internships
- View our science and research graduate vacancies and internships
- Read our article on how to get a graduate job in science, research and development


F
Ready for the clues? Here they are, in the order they appear in the phishing email
1. The email address associated with the Department of the Treasury is not from a Department of the Treasury internet domain.
2. Tax refunds are not issued under section 501(c)(3). Section 501(c)(3) is the definition of organizations that are tax-exempt on account of being organized and operated for religious, charitable, scientific, and other specific purposes.
3. If a tax refund has been determined, there ought be no need to request it.
4. The acronym IWP makes no sense in the context of the message, and even if one could come up with words that would fit those letters, it is highly unlikely that a message with respect to a tax refund would use the term as an infinitive form of a verb.
5. It is patently absurd to think that a government message sent by email would be written using text messaging shortcuts, as is the case with "If u don't receive."
6. There is no "IRS mailing date shown."
7. The email is purportedly sent by the Department of the Treasury, and thus one would expect a reference to "the original Department of the Treasury mailing date"?
8. The grammar in "If you distribute funds to other organization" suggests that the message writer does not use English as a primary language, and is the sort of error that would not persist in a form letter of the sort that goes through multiple levels of review.
9. Even more incorrect grammar shows up in "If you distribute funds to other organization" because either organization should be in the plural or the word other should be another.
10. The misspelling of "wether" corroborates the thought that this email originates with someone who does not use English as a primary language, and is yet another type of error that would have been caught, as described in #8, above.
11. There is no section 497, so there surely is no section 497(c)(15) and there are no such things as section 497(c)(15) purposes.
12. Yet another misuse of the English language shows up in the phrase "If you distribute fund to individuals."
13. The meaning of the phrase "the maner of section" can be guessed only by making the assumption that the word "selection" was intended but ended up as "section."
14. The word "maner" must come from the same dictionary as does the word "wether" and corroborates the point made in #10, above.
15. If "maner" and "wether" aren't enough to raise suspicions, perhaps "realtionship" does.
16. The URL that shows up under "click here" surely is not a Department of the Treasury or IRS web site.
17. If the notification was sent by the Internal Revenue Service, why is it packaged as a message from the Department of the Treasury?
18. The IRS does not appoint people to be the Director of a Letter.
19. The placement of a period after the word Exempt is yet another grammatical error demonstrating that the email is a deception.
20. Anyone who reads the paper knows that the IRS does not use email to initiate contact with a taxpayer concerning refunds.
Sadly, somewhere someone has clicked on the link in hopes of getting a few dollars, and ended up providing a criminal with sufficient information to permit the criminal to steal the person's identity or to use some other nefarious technique to acquire funds to which the criminal is not entitled. Is it not time to being teaching high school students how to identify phishing emails? Surely that is as important a life skill as are most of the others that are taught in our school systems? Hoping that someone's common sense would be sufficient is asking too much.
So how many clues did you identify?
Monday, March 23, 2009
Tax Concept Spawns Tax Details
Perhaps one of the most frustrating aspects of tax practice is that most clients can understand tax concepts but get lost when they encounter the details. One of the most frustrating aspects of being a tax student is learning how to shift from a concept to the specific provisions implementing that concept. A concept, standing alone, isn't worth much. Without a roadmap for applying it to a specific situation, it remains an abstract idea without force. In all fairness, were it not for the demands of dealing with details, tax practitioners would have fewer clients needing their services, and tax students would have even dimmer prospects of finding a market willing to compensate them for their learning.
An excellent example of concept-turned-statute is H.R. 1586, which passed the House of Representatives on Thursday. This is the legislation that imposes income tax on bonuses at a 90% rate. That's the concept. "Tax those AIG bonuses" was a cry heard throughout the land, even though, as I pointed out in Taxing Bonuses, the tax would do nothing to undo the economic mess created in part by the bonus recipients. The tax passed by the House isn't the 100% tax that was being touted, but a tax scaled back to 90%, presumably to avoid constitutional challenges.
Setting aside the wisdom and efficacy of the tax, what needs to be done to implement the concept of imposing a tax on the bonuses? Let's look at H.R. 1586.
One must begin by identifying those to be taxed. Section 1(a) of the bill applies the tax to any "employee or former employee of a covered TARP recipient." This requires a definition of that phrase. Section 1(c)(1) of the bill defines a "covered TARP recipient" as anyone that fits within one of four possible descriptions. The first is any person who, after December 31, 2007, received "capital infusions under the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 which, in the aggregate, exceed $5,000,000,000." The second is the Federal National Mortgage Association and the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation. The third is any person "who is a member of the same affiliated group" as a person in either of the first two descriptions. The fourth is any partnership "if more than 50 per cent of the capital or profits interests of such partnership are owned directly or indirectly by one or more persons in any of the first three descriptions. In the usual game of defining terms in a definition, the provision defines "affiliated group" as it is "defined in section 1504 …, determined without regard to paragraphs (2) and (3) of subsection (b)." For terms such as employee, former employee, partnership, capital interest, profits interest, and others that are used elsewhere in the Internal Revenue Code, section 1(d) of the bill provides that they are to be given the same meaning they have when used elsewhere in the Code. I haven't checked, but there are more than a few terms in the Internal Revenue Code that have different meanings for different purposes, so there may be more analysis that must be done before one can determine if the tax would apply.
As written, section 1(a) would apply even if the TARP recipient repaid to the government an amount of money equal to the amount used for the bonus. Considering the purpose of the provision, that would not make sense. Accordingly, section 1(c)(2) of the bill provides for an exception with respect to repayments. It tells us that a person "shall be treated as described in paragraph (1)(A)," that is, subject to the tax, "only if the excess of the aggregate amount of capital infusions described in paragraph (1)(A) with respect to such person over the amounts repaid by such person to the Federal Government with respect to such capital infusions, exceeds $5,000,000,000." In other words, the test isn't whether the capital infusions exceed $5 billion, but whether the NET capital infusions exceed $5 billion. As a practical matter, this means that the bonus recipient does not know whether or not the bonus is taxable at 90 percent until and unless the employer makes a determination that the employee cannot make, namely, the amount of the net capital infusions, and shares that information with the employee. That, of course, is true for determining the tax status of all sorts of benefits provided by employers to employees.
Having identified those who are to be taxed, the next step is to provide for the taxation of the bonus. But before the bonus can be taxed, it needs to be defined. That seems to be a simple proposition, but hang on, it's not. Section 1(b) of the bill begins with a general rule. It defines a TARP bonus for any taxable year, which is what section 1(a) taxes, as the lesser of two amounts. The first amount is the "aggregate disqualified bonus payments received from covered TARP recipients during such taxable year." The second amount is the excess of the taxpayer's adjusted gross income over $250,000, or $125,000 for a married individual filing a separate return. This has the effect of sparing taxpayers with adjusted gross incomes of $250,000 (or $125,000) from being taxed on the bonus at a 90 percent rate. It also has the effect of limiting the portion of the bonus taxed at 90 percent for taxpayers whose adjusted gross income exceeds $250,000 (or $125,000) by a relatively small amount. This makes little sense, and it presupposes that adjusted gross income is a good measure of the taxpayer's relative economic position. That presupposition is questionable because the people receiving these bonuses include people who manipulated financial instruments in ways that suggest they very well may have manipulated their adjusted gross incomes.
The definition of a TARP bonus depends


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Prof. Rajeev Ram
6.977 focuses on the physics of the interaction of photons with semiconductor materials. The band theory of solids is used to calculate the absorption and gain of semiconductor media. The rate equation formalism is used to develop the concepts of laser threshold, population inversion and modulation response. Matrix methods and coupled mode theory are applied to resonator structures such as distributed feedback lasers, tunable lasers and microring devices. The course is also intended to introduce students to noise models for semiconductor devices and to applications of optoelectronic devices to fiber optic communications. This course is worth 12 Engineering Design points.
Ram, Rajeev. 6.977 Semiconductor Optoelectronics: Theory and Design, Fall 2002. (MIT OpenCourseWare: Massachusetts Institute of Technology), _URL_ (Accessed). License: Creative Commons BY-NC-SA


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Q From Ginger Johnson: I am curious as to the origin of vamp. The vampire to vamp connection (as in Theda Bara) is straightforward, but how on earth did it come to have something to do with music?
A It has nothing to do with vampires, but its origin is almost equally weird. The word comes from the medieval French avant-pied, literally "before the foot", in reference to the forepart of the foot, in particular the part of hose or stockings below the ankle. It became corrupted in English to vampe, said as two syllables, and then vamp. (In the eighteenth century the old pronunciation was revived through a fashion for short stockings that covered only the foot and ankle, which were called vampeys.) This sense of vamp is preserved in the meaning that denotes the part of a boot or shoe that covers the upper front part of the foot.
It seems that in the middle seventeenth century the word came to be used for anything that had been patched up or refurbished (like darned stockings, we may guess), as in the old phrase to vamp something up for repairing or improving something. This is more commonly now found in the verb to revamp, an American term invented in the 1850s from this existing sense of vamp. Nearer the end of the nineteenth century vamp was adopted by musicians for those short simple phrases, usually improvised, that one plays quietly in the background or as an introduction, presumably because they were patching up a gap or silence.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


C2 Profiles
What is it?
Command and Control (C2) profiles are the way an agent actually communicates with Mythic to get tasking and post responses. There are two main pieces for every C2 profile:
 1. Server code - code that runs in a docker container to convert the C2 profile communication specification (twitter, slack, dropbox, websocket, etc) into the corresponding RESTful endpoints that Mythic uses
 2. Agent code - the code that runs in a callback to implement the C2 profile on the target machine.
Where is it?
C2 profiles can be found by going to "Global Configurations" -> "C2 Profiles" from the top navigational bar.
How do they work?
Each C2 profile is in its own docker container, the status of which is indicated by the LED next to the C2 profile's name.
Each docker container has a python service running in it that connects to a RabbitMQ message broker to receive tasking. This allows Mythic to modify files, execute programs, and more within other docker containers. Each docker container sends a heartbeat every few seconds to the main Mythic server to indicate it is still up and running. If Mythic fails to get that notification for over 30 seconds, then the led will turn to a flashing red led.
The next few sections will walk through the two main C2 profiles and how they work along with what C2 profile code means for the server and for an agent.
Where can I find more documentation about them?
The documentation container (by default on port 8080) contains detailed information about the OPSEC considerations, traffic flow, and more for each container. From the C2 Profiles page, you can click the blue document icon to automatically open up the local documentation website to that profile.
Last updated


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Grantee Credibility Assessment
A Grantee Credibility Assessment provides insight into a grantee's reputation, the impact of its programs, and other key criteria to help ensure your support will prove a good investment. Our customizable grantee scoring system employs criteria such as the following:
- Strategy: How do the organization's programs work? What makes their approach different from other approaches? What is the theory of change?
- Impact of Programs: Can the organization demonstrate immediate and lasting impact from its activities? Does the organization have a system in place to measure and evaluate outcomes and impact?
- Organization and Operations: Does the organization have a strong financial track record, a clear plan for long-term sustainability, and an ethic of transparency?
- Leadership: How effective is the executive and management team? In what manner does the board support and contribute?
- Innovation: Is the organization recognized as a leader or innovator in its field?
- Reputation: What is the organization's reputation among peers, the public, and its beneficiaries?
- Local Empowerment & Capacity: Does the program empower its beneficiaries and integrate gender equality and social inclusion principles?
Paragon's team is uniquely positioned to evaluate potential grantees through the lens of programmatic impact and other key criteria. Our team members are recognized experts and thought leaders in their fields. Following are principal areas of focus:
The San Francisco Foundation
Douglas B. Marshall, Jr. Family Foundation
Rodan + Fields Prescription for Change Foundation
Greater Kansas City Community Foundation
Seattle International Foundation
Communities Foundation of Texas
Marin Community Foundation


Research Services
Meet your Scottish ancestors.
Do you know the name of your Covenanter or Jacobite ancestor? Let me help you meet them through the rich history of Scotland.
I have a lot of professional experience in researching peoples links to Scotland, in the past the people of Scotland have spread throughout the globe, colonising new territories and now there is barely anywhere in the world that does not have people that are originally descended from the glens and lochs of bonnie Scotland.
If you believe you have a Covenanter or Jacobite ancestor and you know their name, I can help you find out more about them, where they were from in Scotland and what kind of activities they were involved in, if you have never visited Scotland this could be the first step into a heritage you can later expand on by visiting the places I discover for you.
The Covenanters were people in Scotland who signed the National Covenant in 1638. They signed this Covenant to confirm their opposition to the interference by the Stuart kings in the affairs of the Presbyterian Church of Scotland. In the subsequent years many died to affirm this opposition either by execution or in battles and skirmishes.
There were many Jacobite rebellions. The most famous of which was 1745. Believing the British throne to be his birthright, Charles Edward Stuart, aka 'Bonnie Prince Charlie', planned to invade Great Britain along with his Jacobite followers to remove George II and restore Britain to a Roman Catholic kingship. Following defeat at Culloden on 16 April 1746 many adherents to the Jacobite revolution were displaced and were forced to flee from the purge of the British government as it sought to ensure the rebellion was crushed once and for all.
Use the links below to start your search.
Covenanter Research
Meet your Covenanter ancestor.
Jacobite research.
Meet your Jacobite ancestor.
Fraser you do great work in researching all of the finer details when it comes to the Covenanters history
You are an asset for anyone who are looking for the Covenanter Ancestors
Norman Murphy
British Columbia Canada