Asked by: Fernand Espiago
food and drink barbecues and grilling
Can you eat old corn on the cob?
Last Updated: 12th June, 2021
It is the tips of the corn cob thatwillbegin to go bad first. The best way to tell ifyour cornon the cob is going bad is to look at thetop spray, ifit is moist and darkening that is not a good sign.This cornwill cook up chewy and flavorless instead of moistandtasty.
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Furthermore, how do you know if corn on the cob has gone bad?
If mold is present, the husks willturnbrown or black, as will the kernels. In extreme case, thekernelswill also show signs decay. Parts of the kernels mayappearto be eaten away. Dry, white husks indicate the cornhasdried out, as do hard kernels.
Likewise, how long does unshucked corn on the cob last? about 1 to 3 days
Simply so, what can I do with old corn on the cob?
7 ways to use up leftover corn on the cob
 1. Cut the kernels off the cobs and mix with a small bit ofgarlic,diced tomato (really just a bit), salt, pepper and somepumpkin seedoil.
 2. Cut the kernels off and toss them on top of a fresh salad(viaPlentyOfFish)
 3. Use it to make corn chowder.
Should fresh corn be refrigerated?
Corn is best eaten the same day it'spurchased.Store unhusked corn loose in the refrigerator. Forbestflavor, use it within two days. Husked corn shouldberefrigerated, stored loosely in plastic bags and usedwithintwo days.
Related Question Answers
Ashlyn Randeep
Why did my corn on the cob turn brown when boiled?
The main reason for browning of cookedcornkernels is if the cut corn kernelswere storedat too high a temperature. Also, the longer thecorn isstored the greater the chance of browning.Commercially, ControlledAtmosphere (CA) storage with reduced oxygenand increased CO2levels can eliminate the problem.
Vitaly Diaz Roncero
Can corn on the cob make you sick?
Like most vegetables, corn is a healthyadditionto your diet. But if you feel sick to yourstomachafter eating it, you may need take corn out ofyourrotation. Stomach pain from eating corn may be due toatransient condition such as food-borne illness, but it may alsobethe result of an allergy or intolerance.
Iliev Bassermann
Can you cut mold off corn?
But the visible mold is just the tip of theentireplant. It also advises against sniffing the moldy itembecause thespores may cause respiratory problems. Here is someUSDA advice onfoods that can be consumed after moldforms: -Cut the mold off hard block cheese at leastan incharound the spot.
Katie Impastato
Does unshucked corn need to be refrigerated?
Many people say not to refrigerate it, butthat'sa myth. Put it in the fridge – after all, thechemicalreaction that causes corn to lose its sweetnessisslowed down by cold, just like almost all chemicalreactions.Corn can still be wonderful after a day or two inthefridge, although not as good as really fresh.
Flaviano Cecchi
Does corn get moldy?
Molds on corn deteriorate feeding quality andmayproduce mycotoxins, which affect pig performance andhealth.Mold-free corn can also become infectedin thegrain bin. Mold growth requires moisture, sodryingcorn is a key step in breaking the cycle ofmoldgrowth in stored corn.
Aiko Daue
Why is my corn on the cob sticky?
Overcooked corn is chewy because heatgraduallybreaks down the corn's cell walls, causing thekernels tolose their subtle crunch. For best results, cook thecorn inboiling water for just a few minutes, until thekernels are stillcrisp but easily pierced with a fork.
Olesia Kanisk
Is it OK to eat old corn on the cob?
It is the tips of the corn cob that will begintogo bad first. The best way to tell if your corn onthecob is going bad is to look at the top spray, if itismoist and darkening that is not a good sign.Thiscorn will cook up chewy and flavorless instead of moistandtasty.
Didac Orejon
Can you rehydrate corn on the cob?
To Rehydrate Dried Corn
Pour enough boiling water over dried corntocover completely. Let soak for 5 to 10 minutes untilcornlooks and feels almost as plum as fresh corn.Boiling hotwater speeds the process, you could use coldwater ifyou wish. To use, drain corn and enjoy inyour favoriterecipes.
Yuehua Grothen
Can you freeze corn on the cob?
Freezing corn on the cob follows the same stepsasfreezing the kernels, except you'll befreezingwhole cobs of corn. Cobsoccupy far morefreezer space, so keep that in mind. Cornfrozen on thecob sometimes develops a cobby flavor orbecomes mushy. Tofreeze corn off the cob, youneed to removekernels from cobs.
Hra Ablesimoff
How do you make tough corn tender?
Bring to a boil, then add in the corn cobs.Reduceheat to a simmer and allow corn to cook for7-8minutes or until just tender, depending on sizeofcorn try not to over cook the corn as itwillbecome tough. Using long tongs remove and place on aplateor in a bowl, then cover with foil until readytoserve.
Ferhat Bruehn
Is the cob of corn edible?
A corncob, also called cob of corn, is thecentralcore of an ear of corn (also known as maizeinSpanish-speaking countries). Young ears, also calledbabycorn, can be consumed raw, but as the plant maturesthecob becomes tougher until only the kernelsareedible.
Hermita Dobosz
How do you cook leftover corn on the cob?
Microwave Heating Corn on the Cob
 1. Wrap individual ears of corn on the cob in damppapertowels.
 2. Place the wrapped corn onto a microwave-safe plate.
 3. Place the plate into the microwave and set the machine'spowerto 50 percent.
 4. Heat the corn for 2 minutes.
 5. Remove the plate from the microwave and unwrap the corn.
Barbera Legg
Is mold on corn dangerous?
Not every mold carries the mycotoxin risk,though.Alternaria, a common black sooty mold is in wetcorncrops has no potential for mycotoxins. Neither does thewhite fuzzydiplodia ear mold. But white or pink coloredfusarium moldsdo.
Utman Batge
Can you eat corn on the cob left out overnight?
Cooked food should only be left out atroomtemperature for no longer than two hours. The corncouldhave been placed in the refrigerator after blanching andthenfrozen the next day, but if it was left out over aperiod oftime of two hours I would recommend throwingitout.
Towanda Kropp
How long is raw corn good for?
Cooler temperatures slow down that process,meaningunshucked, uncovered corn cobs can stay freshforabout a week.
Romaysa Olteanu
Is slimy Corn bad?
Do not roast corn with slimy husks. Donotuse corn with obvious mold or rot on the cornitself.If the edible portion of the corn is slimy or themajorityis black or molded, throw it away.
Anissa Rinaldi
How do you reheat corn on the cob?
How to Reheat Corn on the Cob in the Microwave
 1. Place the corn on a microwave-safe dish.
 2. Cover the corn with either a damp towel or plastic wrap.
 3. Set the timer for 10-20 second bursts — this willensurethe corn doesn't just pop (and by the way you won't getpopcornfrom pre-cooked corn).
 4. Reheat until the corn is warm.


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Of the people in the link, only person #7 is frictionally unemployed. Person #5 would be if they were not working part-time. Person #2 could be, depending on their reason for leaving the cod fishing industry.
Frictional unemployment occurs in three main ways:
- When a person is just entering the labor force and is looking for their first job.
- When a person quits a job to look for one they like better.
- When a person is fired for not doing the job well (as opposed to being laid off for economic reasons).
Person #7 is just entering the labor force and is therefore structurally unemployed. Person #5 is looking for a job they like better, but is still working part-time. Therefore, that person does not count as unemployed; they are underemployed. Person #2 could be frictionally unemployed if they left cod fishing to find a job they liked better. However, they will not count anyway because they have stopped looking for work and are therefore not in the labor force.
We've answered 319,199 questions. We can answer yours, too.Ask a question

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Nota di Lavoro, Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei 75.2015
The article proposes a social network analysis of the main European capitalisms and its correspondence with an index of economic freedom. The analysis relates to two kinds of economic liberties taken from the concept of freedom formulated by Isaiah Berlin. While the first kind of freedom (negative freedom) depends on the external system (e.g. the constraints on the firm defined by the regulations), the second refers to the internal obligations within the business system itself that prevent the free exercise of business (positive freedom): specifically, the social network, in which the company is embedded. After an operationalization of the two concepts of freedom, the analysis of a comprehensive database allows us to explore the relationship between the two kinds of freedom.
Social Network Analysis Antitrust Policies Interlocking Directorates Europe Positive Freedom Negative Freedom


EXTENSIONS
Specifies the extended options that ACIF uses. Extensions are MO:DCA-P data stream advanced features that might not be supported for all presentation devices. You must use care when you are choosing these options to ensure that they are supported by your print server, viewer, or printer.
EXTENSIONS={NONE | ALL | [BOX][,CELLED][,EMPTYOK] [,FRACLINE][,IDXCPGID][,PASSOID][,PASSPF][,PRCOLOR] [,RESORDER][,SPCMPRS]}
The values are:
NONE
ACIF does not use any extended options.
ALL
ACIF uses all extended options.
 Note:
 1. Many options apply only to specific data; for example IDXCPGID applies only to line data. Therefore, when you specify ALL, make sure that all of the options apply to your data. For best results, specify only the extended options that apply to the specific type of data you are using.
 2. More options might be added in the future that might not be supported by your presentation device.
BOX
Specifies that GOCA box drawing orders are supported. This option is required when you are using the DRAWGRAPHIC command in a record formatting page definition. See Drawing graphics with record format page definitions for an example of using this option.
CELLED
Specifies the IOCA Replicate and Trim function when you are converting IM1 celled images. This option might reduce the number of bytes needed for a raster image, and it might display or print faster. It requires that IMAGEOUT=IOCA is specified (the default).
EMPTYOK
When a job requests indexing, indicates that if the input file specified with the INPUTDD parameter is empty, ACIF ignores the indexing request, issues message 0425-422 with return code 64, and ends processing with RC=0. ACIF does not issue message 0425-448 when the indexing request is not successful and does not produce a resource file
FRACLINE
Specifies that GOCA fractional line width drawing orders are supported. This option is required when you are using the DRAWGRAPHIC command in a record formatting page definition. See Drawing graphics with record format page definitions for an example of using this option.
IDXCPGID
Specifies that ACIF processes code page identifiers for these Unicode code pages:
1200
UTF-16 BE
1208
UTF-8
13488
UTF-16 BE
17584
UTF-16 BE
 Note:
 1. This value is used only with line data, not MO:DCA-P or mixed-mode data.
 2. ACIF issues an error message if IDXCPGID is specified with the PASSPF parameter. If EXTENSIONS=ALL is specified, PASSPF is ignored and IDXCPGID is used.
See Indexing considerations for information about using the CPGID parameter when you are processing code page identifiers for Unicode data.
PASSOID
Specifies that ACIF passes OID information from the resource access table (RAT) to the Begin Resource (BRS or BR) structured field when it is saving TrueType and OpenType fonts. For more information about the RAT, see Using OpenType Fonts in an AFP System, G544-5876.
PASSPF
Specifies that ACIF passes the Begin Print File (BPF) and End Print File (EPF) structured fields, which define the boundaries of the print data, to the output file when they are found in the input file. If this value is not specified, ACIF discards the BPF/EPF pair.
This parameter also controls whether a BPF/EPF structured field pair that the input record exit tries to insert is inserted. If this value is not specified, and the input record tries to insert a BPF/EPF pair, the attempt fails, and the pair is discarded.
 Note:
 1. Be careful when you are using PASSPF. If the output file contains BPF and EPF structured fields and it is concatenated with the resource file, the resulting MO:DCA-P data stream is not valid.
 2. This value is not used when the input file is line data because line data does not contain BPF and EPF structured fields.
 3. When PASSPF is specified and there is a BPF and EPF structured field pair in the input file, ACIF passes all Begin Document (BDT) and End Document (EDT) structured field pairs from the MO:DCA-P input file to the output data stream without adding the normal comment and time stamp triplets.
 4. ACIF issues an error message if PASSPF is specified with the IDXCPGID parameter. If EXTENSIONS=ALL is specified, PASSPF is ignored and IDXCPGID is used.
 5. ACIF does not verify whether the input file is MO:DCA IS/3 compliant.
For more information about BPF and EPF structured fields, see Begin Print File (BPF) and End Print File (EPF) structured fields.
PRCOLOR
Specifies that GOCA process color drawing orders are supported. This option is required when you are using the DRAWGRAPHIC command in a record format page definition. See Drawing graphics with record format page definitions for an example of using this option.
RESORDER
Specifies that inline resources do not need to appear in any particular order in the input file; only before the Begin Document (BDT) structured field. When RESORDER is not specified, inline resources must appear in the input file in the order in which they are used. For example, if a coded font is inline, the character set and code page that the coded font points to must occur inline first. When RESORDER is specified, ACIF reads into memory only the inline resources that are actually needed to print the job and uses them when they are requested; inline resources that are not needed are not saved in the resource library.
 Note:
 1. When RESORDER is specified, TrueType and OpenType fonts that were originally inline in the input file are not saved in the resource library.
 2. Specifying RESORDER impacts performance and storage use.
SPCMPRS
Specifies the repeat string PTOCA order to compress embedded blanks.


A workflow is what you use to define what should happen when a form on your website is submitted. This could be sending an email with the information from the form or it could be setting up a notification in a tool like Slack.
 The most common workflow is to present a "Thank you" message when a form is submitted, and then also send the email to a designated mail inbox.
 In your Umbraco Uno website a workflow has already been set up for you, and you only need to choose which email you want to notify, when a form has been submitted.
 In this article you will learn how to start using the default workflow, and you will also find information on how to set up your own custom workflows.
 Please be aware that you will need to fill out the Contact form email field, in the General settings page found under Settings in the Content section.
 This requires you to have set up a form. If you don't have a form set-up yet, you can learn how to do that in the Setting up a form section.
 Finding the workflows
 In this part, we will learn how to enter the configuration menu for workflows. We will be working with a form that contains the following:
 - A Name field using a short answer
 - An Email field using a short answer
 - A Question using a long answer
 This is how you get into the configuration of your workflow:
 1. Navigate to the Forms section of the backoffice.
 2. Here, select the form you want to add a workflow to.
 3. At the bottom of the page, you will find a section containing a checkmark saying on submit.
 4. Click Configure workflow.
 5. The pop op window will contain the workflow that currently exists.
 Editing the existing workflow
 If you choose an empty form when setting up a new form, it will come with a working workflow. You will have to make a slight update to it before it functions optimally. This can be done in the configuration menu for workflows.
 1. Click the box Send template email to.
 2. In the field called Sender email, you should add something like [email protected]
 3. It is recommended to choose Igloo template.
 4. Hit submit and then hit submit in the next menu as well.
 Now the workflow will be working optimally if you followed the steps to point.
 Creating a custom workflow
 In this section, you will learn how to make a custom workflow that sends an email to your inbox of choice.
 1. First, give the workflow the name you want it to have in the Workflow Name field.
 2. Put a checkmark in the Active* so that the workflow is active.
 3. The Include Sensitive Data will be left unchecked unless your form contains sensitive data.
 4. Ensure that the Email is set to the email which should receive replies from forms.
 5. Next up is the Sender Email. Here you can add something like [email protected]
 6. If you want to reply directly to the customer from the forms reply, you can add {email} to the ReplyToEmail this will fetch the email from the field called email in the form.
 7. Next, you have the option to choose the subject of the email.
 8. In the next field, you can pick a template. It is recommended to use Igloo-template.cshtml.
 9. Finally, leave Attachments unchecked, unless you have an upload-field in the form, and want to receive the uploaded files through the workflow.
 this is the workflow settings
 The above is for setting up a workflow from scratch. This will be needed if you choose any of the two forms templates coming with the basic install of Umbraco Uno.


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Raisins are produced commercially by drying harvested grape berries. For a grape berry to dry, water inside the grape must be removed completely from the interior of the cells onto the surface of the grape where the water droplets can evaporate. However, this diffusion process is very difficult because the grape skin contains wax in its cuticle, which prevents the water from passing through. In addition to this, the physical and chemical mechanisms located on the outer layers of the grape are adapted to prevent water loss.
A raisin is a dried grape. Raisins are produced in many regions of the world and may be eaten raw or used in cooking, baking and brewing.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


MakeItFrom.com
Menu (ESC)
Using Comparisons
The most direct way to compare any two materials in the database is to navigate to one of the materials, then use the "Compare to Current" field in the menu to find the other material. The resulting link will take you to the comparison page. This works on both top-level materials and variants.
If you found this page through a link on a material page, you can go back and try it right now. If you have an entirely different pair of materials in mind, you can use the menu on this page to find the first one. The menu is accessible by clicking the button in the upper right corner of the screen, or pressing the escape key. The menu will contain different things, depending on the type of page you're on.
You can also compare materials by browsing. The followup questions section on top-level materials contains links for comparing the given material to others of the same type (e.g. aluminum alloy, thermoplastic) or overarching category (e.g. metal, ceramic). Comparing materials of the same type provides a more detailed picture, with the largest number of properties in common. The more dissimilar the materials, the more challenging the comparison becomes.


text:
The classic depiction of Jesus may actually be a portrait of Cesare Borgia, the illegitimate son of Pope Alexander VI!
Borgia was the son of Pope Alexander VI. He is said to have influenced all European art depicting Jesus. It's widely accepted that the classic depiction of Jesus is not accurate, because Jesus would have not have looked like a white European. Many scholars believe that Cesare Borgia was the basis for some depictions of Jesus that eventually became the standard look that is used until today.
At the time, the Pope was allowed to marry. Pope Alexander VI, however, was known for having many mistresses. In 1476, Cesare Borgia was born as an illegitimate child of the Pope.
He was the Pope's favorite son and by 15 years old was the Bishop of Pamplona. He became Cardinal by his 18th birthday. Cesare is said to have had his older brother Giovanni assassinated out of envy.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Bradspace can offer a broad range of Space Project Consultancy services covering (but not limited to) the following:
- General consultancy services for the space industry
- Defining strategies for space sector organisations and programmes
- Assistance in defining and planning all aspects of a space project, understanding the unique characteristics of space projects including the technical, legal, programmatic, regulatory and commercial aspects
- Setting up a space business in the UK
- Bid preparation & reviewing
- Help with space sector contacts – industry, academic & institutional contacts and influencers
- Assistance in finding and targeting funding streams and mechanisms
- Generating and reviewing project plans, including spacecraft development and qualification plans.
- Budget & cost estimating
- Advising on the capabilities and limitations of satellites and spacecraft
- Understanding national and international space strategies and policies
- Understanding and interfacing with the space insurance sector
- Defining and shaping space projects programmes from end to end
- Assisting with space education and outreach projects
- Space Launch systems, launch sites and logistics, and space ports
- Space Launch related logistics, infrastructure, regulatory and legal aspects.
We can also offer bespoke training courses or sessions on any of the above.


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This photo of the Campbell's Covered Bridge Marker was captured by Vincent Flores of Greer in 2010. The inscription on the marker reads:
This bridge, built in 1909, is the last extant covered bridge in S.C. Built by Charles Irwin Willis (1878–1966), it was named for Alexander Lafayette Campbell (1836–1920), who owned and operated a grist mill here for many years. Measuring 35 feet long and 12 feet wide, it is an excellent example of a four-span Howe truss, featuring diagonal timbers and vertical iron rods.


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Silence removes a minion's card text and eliminates any other effects present on the card. However, the minion can still have effects applied to it after.
- If a minions is silenced, you can still buff it, including buffs that come from other minions, such as, whose +1 attack to adjacent minions will renew immediately following a neighboring minion being silenced.
- You can also place spell buffs on a minion after it has been silenced.
- Silence will not reverse effects of ownership, such as a minion being returned to its original owner.
- It does not reverse effects of card identity either, for example a when silenced will not revert to its 3/3 form.
- Silence will remove other spell effects cast by you or by your opponent, including freeze.
- When a minion is silenced it returns to its original health if its current health is above its original health; however, if its current health is below its original health, its health will not change.
- A card with the Silence ability removes all buffs and all effects (even those written on the card) from the target while the target remains in play.
- The only way to reverse a silence is to put the card back into your hand and play it again via cards like or.
Below is a list of all cards with the silence mechanic.
- Note: For the purposes of this list, only collectible cards are listed.


Skip to definition.
Verb: neglect ni'glekt
 1. Leave undone or leave out
 "How could I neglect that typo?";
 - pretermit, omit, drop, miss, leave out, overlook, overleap
 2. Not do something; leave something undone
 "She neglected to notice that her child was no longer in his crib";
 - fail
 3. Fail to attend to
 "he neglects his children"
 4. Give little or no attention to
 "neglect the errors";
 - ignore, disregard, tune out
Noun: neglect ni'glekt
 1. Lack of attention and due care
 - disregard
 2. The state of something that has been unused and neglected
 "the house was in a terrible state of neglect";
 - disuse
 3. Wilful lack of care and attention
 - disregard
 4. The trait of neglecting responsibilities and lacking concern
 - negligence, neglectfulness
 - negligence, carelessness, nonperformance
Derived forms: neglects, neglecting, neglected
Type of: carelessness, declination, decline, inattention, mistreatment, nonaccomplishment, nonachievement, sloppiness
Antonym: attend to
Encyclopedia: Neglect


Meet the Ocicat: The Cat That Thinks It's a Dog!
If you've ever been on the lookout for a dog-like cat that is intelligent and super friendly, the Ocicat is one breed you should consider. The Ocicat's fur pattern resembles a wild cat, but it's actually a fully domesticated cat without any wildcat genes.
Ocicats look like wild cats because of their spotted fur. Even though their name is similar to the wild Ocelot, they actually bear no relation to the cat. The original Ocicat was bred from a Siamese cat and an Abyssinian domesticated cat, resulting in its unique fur. These cats come in 12 coat colors and have a muscular appearance. Because these cats are so muscular, they need plenty of opportunities to play and exercise.
(Photo Credit: Shutterstock)
The Ocicat is known to be very "dog like" in its demeanor. They aren't shy around strangers and often greet visitors who come to the home. They can be good pets for a family with children and are often very "talkative." These cats are also extremely loyal, friendly, and highly intelligent.
Ocicats are very trainable too! Many Ocicats are taught to fetch, sit, lie down, and do other tricks commonly associated with dogs. Some cats can be taught to walk on a harness outside. Here are some videos of fun tricks that Ocicats have learned:
Walking on a Leash:
Fetching a Toy:
Running on a Treadmill:
Running in a Cat Wheel:
And Cooper the Ocicat, Who Can Do Almost Any Trick!
As you can see, an Ocicat is an extremely versatile breed of cat that pretty much thinks it's a dog. This is a great cat if you don't mind the chance that it'll be a little talkative and if you're ready to play with her a lot. This kitty will definitely want your attention!


text:
In this spoken English lesson you will learn some interesting English phrases to talk about different moods in your English conversation. You can often understand how people are feeling from the expressions on their faces, they are reaction which show us how others are feeling, for example: frowning eyebrows express anger, wide smile displays a happy mood. In this lesson you will learn ten expressions that you can use to talk about your mood with others.
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(Only 10 Students 🙋♀ 🙋♂ per batch for better interactivity)
Expressions for being 'HAPPY'
Broad smile on the face. –
Means that the person was very happy and her mouth was showing a very clear smile
Example: When my little sister sees her father come back from work she always has a broad smile on her face.
Beaming from ear to earShining with a smile that stretches wide, can be used when someone is extremely happy.
Example: Children were beaming from ear to ear when they saw ice cream.
Expressions for being 'SAD'
Why the long face?
Common question that we ask when somebody LOOKS VERY SAD/ UPSET.
Example: a) What happened? Why the long face?
- b) You've just got a new job, a new house – you should be happy! Why the long face?
Expressions for being 'ANGRY'
He was wearing a frown –
Means that he was looking annoyed or concerned and his eyebrows were lowered and forehead wrinkled.
Example: When Elena walked off after the argument with John he was left there wearing a frown on his face.
A wince or a grimace are expressions of pain and / or disapproval. They are brief reactions to something unpleasant. (To contort one's face to indicate displeasure, disgust, or pain).
Example: She took another drink of his coffee. 'Awful,' she said with a grimace.
She gave me a dirty look –
A dirty look is a way of showing anger or disapproval (staring hard at someone in an unfriendly way).
Example: I got a dirty look from the teacher when I cracked a joke in class.
He was purple with rage (fierce anger) –
The person is so angry that parts of his face has changed colour to purple.
Example: She was purple with rage when she saw the teacher scolding her child.
If looks could kill –
This expression is mostly an unfinished conditional sentence. It means that the other person was looking very angrily or aggressively at somebody.
Example: I'll never forget the expression on my boss's face when I turned up late for work fourth day in a row.
Expressions for being 'SURPRISED'
Raising Eyebrows –
People in the UK raise their eyebrows to show surprise or disapproval.
Example: She raised her eyebrows when she saw me with Karin at the restaurant, she didn't expect us to be there.
Expressions to 'TO INSULT SOMEONE'
Looking down the nose at someoneMeans that the person is showing that he thinks the other person is 'lower' in importance or social status.
Example: Just because he's rich he looks down his nose at us.
We hope this spoken English lesson has helped you to learn new English phrases when it comes to talking about different moods. Use these English phrases in your daily conversation to improve your English communication skills and become a fluent English speaker.


How do I put REMA my data file on my laptop to take on a trip
GarthChapman
Frequent Forum Member
REIN Member
Aug 30, 2007
1,821
1
38
#1
1) Download REMA to the laptop, insert your License key.
2) Then on your PC to go into REMA and click on Toolkit, View Database Location. Go to that folder and find the file called REMA.mdb on your PC.
3) Copy that file to a network drive folder location or to a portable storage device (ie a memory stick).
4) Now go back to the laptop and locate your data file just as you did on the PC in step 2.
5) Then paste the REMA.mdb file you made a copy of from your PC into the folder you located in step 4 on your laptop (it will over-write the mdb file in the laptop).
And voila, your data will be now on the laptop.
Simply repeat steps 2 to 5 to move the data file back to your other computer.
Remember that you cannot synchronize the files, so you will have to manually transfer the data file back to the PC later on. If you make changes to both data files (on each computer) you will have to choose which one to retain and lose the changes you made on the other.


Our lovely town is famous for its association with the precious black gemstone, sometimes known as Whitby jet.
Beautiful and distinctive, we love seeing jet jewellery in Whitby's shops, but then we started to wonder where it came from.
Did you know that jet is actually fossilised wood, created from the Monkey Puzzle tree (Araucaria tree to give the tree its Latin term)?
Jet is actually one of just a handful of natural, organic gemstones in the world. Its story is millions of years in the making.
Millions of years ago, Monkey Puzzle trees were commonplace around our coast. Over the millennia, the wood and debris washed to sea and was eventually compressed into a thick sedimentary layer.
Ever-increasing pressure caused the debris to disperse, with the more resistant bits forming into jet.
If you are lucky enough to pick up a fragment of jet on the beach, it's surprisingly lightweight.
Jet can be highly polished, creating the glossy finish you see in Whitby's retailers and elsewhere.
However, this is 'nowt new' as it's thought jet was used for decorative purposes back in the Bronze Age! So, if you're ever asking, what did the Victorians do for us, they helped make it popular, yet jet had been in use for centuries.
In a way, we do have Queen Victoria to thank for the popularity of jet. Following the early death of her husband, Prince Albert, she wore jet as part of her mourning attire.
Whitby Jet was also displayed at the Great Exhibition in 1851 in London.
Back in the 19th century, jet was mined and transported by pony, and the jet industry was a major employer in the area. It is thought around 200 miners worked the coastline to find the jet, and up to 1,500 jet-related workers were in Whitby by the late 1800s.
However, window-shopping for jet jewellery (or, even better, buying it!) is a Whitby tradition.
You can carefully search for jet along our shores, but it's a time-consuming task. You need a keen eye and the patience of a saint.
We prefer having a meander around Whitby's narrow, cobbled streets and admiring the black gemstone in a mullioned shop window,
One such jet emporium is W Hamond, one of several jet outlets in our lovely town. W Hamond was established in 1860 and use local jet in their creative process.
Positioned close to the foot of the 199-steps that lead up to Whitby Abbey, W Hamond is now collaborating with the globally famous luxury brand, Fabergé®.
The Faberge® story started in France in the 1680s and moved to St Peterburg, Russia in the 1830s.
Gustav Fabergé® worked in the Russian capital for Keibel, goldsmiths and jewellers to the Emperors of Russia.
Gustav completed his apprenticeship and opened a jewellery shop in Bolshaya Morskaya, a fashionable street in St Petersburg.
Gustav's son Peter took over the business in 1882 and in 1885 to 1886, the Russian Emperor commissioned the now iconic Easter Egg for the Empress.
Fabergé® was later nationalised following the Russian Revolution of 1917 and during the 20th Century underwent several challenges and changes before Fabergé® Limited announced it acquired the Fabergé® trademarks in 2007. Two years later, Fabergé® was relaunched.
During the following years, Fabergé® works alongside world-famous brands including Rolls Royce and more recently, W Hamond of Whitby.
Jet is rarer than diamonds but can be found in Germany, northern Spain, Turkey and New Mexico.
Whitby jet, though, is known for its excellent quality, including its toughness, stability and ability to polish up to a glossy shine.
If you go jet hunting, then Whitby is the wrong place to look, instead head up to Runswick Bay or Robin Hood's Bay.
There are very strict rules for jet gathering due to its rarity and small size.
Do NOT remove any jet from cliffs as if you want your own piece of jet, it must have been washed from the cliffs and onto the beach, where searchers can beach-comb for their finds.
Always keeps a safe distance from the cliffs and know your tide times allowing for incoming tides.
Also be sure you've found some jet and not a piece of coal. Take a piece of sandpaper with you, rub the specimen you've found against the paper and if it leaves a ginger-brown mark, then it is jet, otherwise it is coal.
Or you can always call into Whitby's jet shops for your own piece of gorgeous jewellery!
The craftworkers also use the gemstone Derbyshire Blue John along with other stunning materials such as amber and turquoise.
As we live and love Whitby, we are very proud of this famous industry which has such strong connections to our town.
Until next time …
Tagged as: Whitby Jet
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There are two decision support tools we would like to introduce – the Integrated Model for Road Condition Prediction (IMRCP) and the Road Weather Performance Management (RW-PM) Tool.
Integrated Model for Road Condition Prediction (IMRCP)
Transportation Systems Management and Operations (TSMO) are at the cusp of revolutionary changes spurred by increasing data availability from wide-ranging sources and the sophistication of models utilizing the data. New approaches and data in road weather management, traffic management, incident management, and connected vehicles are impacting TSMO and traveler experiences. Within this context, the role of prediction and forecasting will become more important to the decisions made by operating agencies, travelers, freight carriers and logistics providers.
The purpose of the project is to conceptualize a system that integrates data sources and predictive methods to effectively predict road and travel conditions. The project will survey the existing field of predictive models and develop a concept of operations and requirements for an integrated model for predicting road conditions that incorporates transportation and non-transportation data, deterministic and probabilistic data, and measured and reported data. The model will ultimately provide a practical tool for transportation operations to support traveler advisories and maintenance and operational decisions at strategic and tactical levels. To facilitate usage by the State and local agencies, the model has to be easy to use, rely on available data sources at an agency, integrate with existing legacy systems, generate timely predictions, and ultimately provide decision support in a manner useful to operators and travelers. A future project phase will implement and deploy the demonstration system.
Road Weather Performance Management (RW-PM) Tool
The Prototype RW-PM Tool is a process that works to integrate and optimize existing or planned traffic control and road weather maintenance strategies. The intent of the RW-PM Tool is to leverage connected vehicle and other data sources to support • Integration of traffic mobility, road weather maintenance, and motorist advisory management, • Continuous real-time assessment of response effectiveness, • Continuous real-time adjustment and optimization of traffic control, RW maintenance, and motorist advisory response strategies, and • Use of traffic control and road weather maintenance strategies preferred by a DOT for its specific weather hazards and response objectives.
The Tool will be developed with data processors and data storage located in the Microsoft Azure Cloud Computing Platform. The Tool will collect data from multiple sources including connected vehicles, DOT infrastructure sensors, external subscription-based sources, and from road weather maintenance vehicles. The RW-PM Tool will generate traffic control recommendations, road treatment decisions, and motorist advisory recommendations. The information collected and the recommendations will be integrated and displayed on a website for assessment by DOT traffic control and RW maintenance managers. Upon management authorization, the recommendations will be deployed to DOT staff through internal systems and to motorists through connected vehicle systems using smartphone applications and cellular communication.
RW-PM Tool Demonstration Objectives: As part of the Prototype Deployment and Evaluation task, we will demonstrate that the Prototype RW-PM Tool has the functionality and performance to capture necessary data, process it, display relevant measures and metrics to DOT traffic control and RW maintenance managers, and, upon authorization, deploy it to drivers and end users. The demonstration will include near real-time capture of data from connected vehicles and from RW maintenance vehicles as well as periodic updates of Traffic Control and RW Maintenance Deployment Recommendations by the system as weather events evolve. To support these deployment and evaluation objectives, we anticipate that the deployment will include demonstration of each of the following RW-PM Tool processes. • Demonstrate data capture from Fixed and Mobile Data Sources o Mobile Traffic Mobility and Road Weather Data Sources such as Connected (Passenger) Vehicles Connected RW Maintenance Vehicles (via AVL) o Fixed Traffic Mobility Data Sources such as Loop detectors Inrix data o Fixed Road Weather Data Sources such as RWIS • Demonstrate processing, integration and display of Traffic Mobility and Road Weather Data Information for viewing by o Traffic Control and Road Weather Maintenance Managers o Motorists • Demonstrate the generation of RW-PM Tool Recommendations for o Traffic Control o Motorist Advisory o RW Maintenance Dispatch • Demonstrate the review, editing (if needed), and authorization of recommendation deployment by Traffic Control and RW Maintenance Managers • Demonstrate the Deployment of Recommendations to o Traffic Control Systems o Motorist Advisory Systems o RW Maintenance Dispatch Systems • Demonstrate In-Vehicle Display of Messages and Information to o Motorists o RW Maintenance Vehicle Drivers • Demonstrate the periodic refreshment of input data and updates to recommendations throughout a weather event.


text:
Surface Treatments on Pottery
Many ancient peoples used burnishing to make their pottery harder and more waterproof before they discovered the use of glazes. Contemporary potters can also use burnishing to great effect.
There is one very important point to keep in mind: burnished pottery should not be used for food or drink, with few exceptions.
Burnishing Pottery Tips
Tips from readers on burnishing pottery.
How to Cut Clay for Surface Decoration
Surface decorations in clay pieces include incising, carving, fluting, and faceting.
Impress Your Clay
Many objects can be used to make impressions in clay, not just tools specifically made for making impressions.


text:
Just follow this steps:
1. Open Notepad.
2. Copy and paste the exact code given below in red:
Windows Registry Editor Version 5.00
"ProcessorNameString"="My Processor name 50000MHz"
To change the processor name, edit the part of the code given in blue. Also understand that \0 in the above code should only be present if Windows store your processor name at that location. Please open Registry Editor and navigate to the above mentioned keys to check whether or not to include the \0.
3. Click on File Menu, click on Save As and select "All Types" in Save as Type option. Save the file as ProcessorNameChange.reg or *.reg.
4. Create a new shortcut on your desktop. Enter regedit / S "Location of the.reg file" as the location of the item. For example, enter regedit /S "C:\Processor Name.reg" if your registry file is located in the root of C:\ drive.
5. Copy the created Shortcut file.
6. Navigate to C:\Documents and Settings\All Users\Start Menu\Programs\Startup (in Windows XP) or to C:\Users \User-Name\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Windows\Start Menu\Programs\Startup (in Windows 8, Windows 7 and Windows Vista. Also remember that AppData is a hidden folder.) if C: is your System drive.
7. Paste the copied file.
This registry file would now execute each time when Windows starts and the Processor Name String would be modified each time. So, even upon restarting your computer, you will see that the changed processor name is permanent.
Thanks for reading this tutorial now please share this website and wait for our new tutorials. I'll se you next time :)


text: Climb It for Climate is a campaign that aims to bring together local communities and raise awareness for climate change. The premise is simple: get up and out into nature and have our voices heard. We've seen how significantly climate change is affecting the Alps. Glaciers are melting at an alarming rate, snow is almost always followed by rain and the spring seems to start earlier and earlier each year. Everyone has seen their own environments change as a result of global heating, whether they are in the mountains or not. Which is why we've supported Climb It for Climate events across the globe – from Niseko to the Peak District. Over the 19/20 season we collectively climbed over 75,000m in altitude – touring, cycling, walking and running. Over 300 people joined our events, and before the pandemic hit events were scheduled in 8 countries. Climate change can't be fought alone, as a grassroots organisation we need the engagement of our local communities to amplify our message. We have to stop climate change destroying the natural environments our businesses, and our communities.


text: Spherical microphone arrays facilitate spatial analysis of sound fields. At the high frequencies the array performance is limited by spatial aliasing. In this paper we present a method to extend the bandwidth of the array through optimal aliasing cancellation. The advantage and novelty of the proposed method is that aliasing cancellation is achieved through signal processing without physically modifying configuration of the spherical microphone array. In this work we show that by taking into account the expected aliasing pattern with respect to the given array sampling scheme, a beamformer which suppresses the grating-lobes can be designed. This beamformer achieves a higher directivity-index at frequencies previously considered as out of the microphone array operating range, therefore increasing the overall frequency range of operation. A simulation example with a 32 elements spherical microphone array illustrate the proposed method.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
A column of troops one km long is moving along a straight road at a uniform pace. A messenger is sent from the head of the column, delivers a message at the rear of the column and returns. He also moves at a uniform pace and arrives back at the head of the column when it has just covered its own length. How far did the messenger travel?
I can't get any ideas on how to start.
Thanks for any help.
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How far did the messenger travel means the distance traveled or the displacement? If its displacement then the answer should be 1km. – Saurabh Jul 3 '12 at 6:10
It means distance. – Matt Jul 3 '12 at 6:12
You just need to organise the information carefully and use distance = speed x time. Write down what you know about the movement of the column - say speed $u$ and the messenger say speed $v$ taking total time $t$. Split the movement of the messenger into two obvious parts. Then identify the total distance $d$ you want to find, and use the information you have to find an equation for $d$. – Mark Bennet Jul 3 '12 at 6:19
A trivial answer to the question would be $1$km, the length of the column. After all, the messenger starts out at the head of the column, and ends up again at the end of the column, at the point in time when it has covered its own length, and she then has advanced as much as the column has. This is probably not what the question intends, but it could be made clearer. – Marc van Leeuwen Jul 3 '12 at 6:50
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3 Answers
up vote 7 down vote accepted
Let us assume that the speed of the column is $1$ km per unit of time. For convenience, call that unit an hour. The column took $1$ hour to cover its own length.
Let $v$ be the speed of the messenger. When she is travelling to the back, the combined speed of approach of the messenger and the column rear is $v+1$, so the time it takes is $\frac{1}{v+1}$. Going the other way, the speed at which the messenger gains on the head is $v-1$, so the time it takes to gain the whole $1$ km is $\frac{1}{v-1}$. The whole task took $1$ hour, and therefore $$\frac{1}{v+1}+\frac{1}{v-1}=1.$$ This gives $v=1+\sqrt{2}$. The time taken is an hour, so the distance travelled is $1+\sqrt{2}$.
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Let the speed of troop is $u$ kmph and that of messenger is $v$ kmph.
So the relative speed when messenger is going backward is $v+u$ kmph.
And relative speed while going forward is $v-u$ kmph $(v>u)$.
So the total time taken is $$t=\frac{1}{v+u}+\frac{1}{v-u}$$ but in this time troop had moved $1$km so the $t=\frac{1}{u}$
$$\frac{1}{u}=\frac{1}{v+u}+\frac{1}{v-u}$$ $$v^2-2uv-u^2=0$$ which give us the following relation $$v=u(1+\sqrt2)$$
so the distance traveled is $$\begin{align*} d= &\underbrace{\frac{v}{v+u}}_{backward}+\underbrace{\frac{v}{v-u}}_{forward}\\ &=\frac{2v^2}{v^2-u^2}\\ &=\frac{2v^2}{2uv}\\ &=\frac{v}{u}=1+\sqrt{2}\text{ km}\end{align*}$$
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Mostly ok, but why did you give the answer using units of speed? Mind you, I've never seen it abbreviated "kmph". At least locally "km/h" is the only way to write it. This is different from, e.g. U.S.A., where "mph" is always used. I guess there are local variations :-) – Jyrki Lahtonen Jul 3 '12 at 7:27
_USER_ Oh that was a mistake.I have corrected it.Thanks – Saurabh Jul 3 '12 at 7:32
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Let $x$ be the troops' speed and $y$ be the messenger's speed.
Total messenger travelling time is $1/x$ (as the troops moved 1km forward).
In the troops frame of reference, the messenger first moved backwards with the speed of $y+x$, and then moved forward with the speed of $y-x$ so that in the $1/x$ total time he returned to the initial position.
Let $z$ be the time messenger spent to reach the rear of the column. Obviously, $z = 1/(y+x)$ (as messenger moves with the speed of $y+x$ relative to the column and has to travel $1$ km relative to the column to reach its rear).
From the other side, we have $z \times (y+x) + (1/x - z) \times (y-x) = 0$, from which follows $2zx + y/x - 1 = 2/(y/x+1) + y/x - 1 = 0$.
Note that the total messenger travelling distance is $d = y/x$. From the previous equation we get $2/(d+1) + d - 1 = 0$, $d^2-3 = 0$, and thus $d = \sqrt{3}$.
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text:
If you want to show the Windows Vista version on your desktop just for the sake of fun, then you would have to do a little registry editing. The version string is shown on the bottom right of your desktop and shows the Windows Vista as well as the build number. Here is how :
- Press the keyboard combination Windows logo key + R to bring up the Run dialog.
- Type regedit in the Run dialog and press Enter to open the Registry Editor.
- Navigate to the following registry key in the Registry Editor :
- Locate a DWORD value named PaintDesktopVersion in the right side pane. Double-click on it and change its value to 1,
- Restart your computer for the changes to take effect.


text:
Document Publishing Using IBM Rational Publishing Engine (RPE)
River North has developed document Publishing services and DOORS add-on products that simplify and facilitate document publishing from DOORS.
Please contact River North Sales for further inquiries into products and services listed.
- Generate an output document in DOORS with a single-click of a drop down menu item
- Increases document publishing efficiency and productivity
- Decreases generated document variability
- Opens up ability for all DOORS users to generate documents in a controlled context
- Requires zero end-user training
- Enables an organization/project to rapidly get started producing documents with RPE
- Provides basic RPE training for a team of admins assigned the task of document publishing
- Provides mentoring during the production of the first few RPE templates
- Provides best practice guidance on usage of RPE with DOORS, such as utilization of a central RPE repository for templates enabling sharing and reuse across the enterprise which reduces template maintenance costs and document variability across projects
- Can be customized to include solutions for non-standard document publishing requirements such as the following
- Producing change bars in the generated document
- Producing an automated Requirements Index that sequentially lists requirements with associated page numbers where each requirement resides in the document - important because requirements never appear sequentially in a generated document
- Producing extracted content from embedded OLE objects in DOORS - displays the CONTENTS of DOORS embedded OLE objects such as MS Word or MS Excel files in the generated document


Go Down
Topic: How to pronounce "Arduino"? (Read 51690 times) previous topic - next topic
This is how you can pronounce the board's name in proper Italian, download the sound file in the format that better suits you:
"Add a bit of jazz and swing between the 'Ah' and the 'du' - then say the 'ino' as in "ee no""
Cool, i think that is the better pronunciation for the word ARDUINO.
its made up of two old italian words(latin based) it means "hard-work" and "small" like the English word "arduous" and ino means small...
According to a recent article from wired magazine (in italian) _URL_
The board was named after a pub in the surroundings of the Interaction Design Institute, Ivrea, Tourin, Italy.
Obviously Arduino is not just a pub's name, it's a proper (not so common) noun!
Arduino is still used as a name and surname, in Italy and probably in most european countries. Infact according to a great italian site for name and surnames (in italian) _URL_ :
"It comes from the germanic name, Harduwin or Hardwin, made by hardu-, "strong" and wini, "friend", spread by the tribal population of the Franks in the IXth century, consolidated thanks to the prestige of few saints and the Italian king Arduino d'Ivrea (_PHONE_).
The name day can be celebrated the 15th of august in memory of Saint Arduino from Rimini, died in 1009."
As of today this noun has more spread use as a surname
As you can see from the graph here _URL_
The name has even more wide spread use when meaning our lovely microcontroller, so let's take this for the first, most important, meaning of the word Arduino!
Marvin Martian
On a related note, in quite a few of Arduino project-related video clips I've watched, people pronunce "solder" as "sodder"... never heard that before, maybe it's a US thing (I'm English)...
Coding Badly
Nov 26, 2010, 10:21 am Last Edit: Nov 26, 2010, 10:21 am by bcook Reason: 1
You Brits. Always making trouble...
Well, I'm Italian and I have no difficult saying it out loud :P
Probably the best way to say it is : "Ard" - "do" - "eeno"
with "Ard" like "Hard" but without the H and "do" like the verb "to do"
I hope this make any sense to you, as I said I'm Italian not English mother tongue.
Marvin Martian
Ah yes. Well at least I'm not imagining it :)
Now don't get me started on "innernet" ;D
I just call it 'the microcontroller' or 'that, err, the arduee, oh,whatever. That board I always play with.' It is quite annoying not being able to pronounce arduino.
My website: _URL_ Up and running now! (Feel free to look round!) :D
Dec 03, 2010, 06:33 pm Last Edit: Dec 03, 2010, 06:34 pm by mowcius Reason: 1
Grr, you people.
Do I really have to post it again?
Coding Badly: This line "I put my soldering iron in it's hoLder, not it's hodder." pretty much sums it up :D
I call it ''The Holy Microcontroller''
this is the most funny topic :P
|I love Technology|
I am Italian and the files posted by D3C3PT1C0N are perfect.
Also the description given by lucky83 is ok.
Federico - Sideralis
Arduino &C: _URL_
Foto: _URL_
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text:
Published in: 2008
This manual gives a demonstrative overview on urine diverting toilets. The following questions will be answered in the paper:
- How toilets can be safe and save you money?
- Why can an unsafe toilet make people sick?
- The principle of urine diverting dry toilets
- How to divert urine from faeces?
- How to collect the urine?
- How to collect the faeces?
- How to ventilate?
- How to convert faeces into a safe soil conditioner?
- Where should I build a toilet?
- How to use and clean the toilet?
- How to use the urine to get higher crop yields?
- How to use the faeces to improve the soil?
- How can I get more information?
Jorritsma, F. (2008). Safe and profitable toilets - Urine diverting toilets - A solution for health and wealth. WECF
English Faeces or faecal sludge Guidelines and manuals Urine Urine diversion dehydration toilets (UDDTs)
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text:
The working principle of the central feeding system lies in that the vacuum conveying mode is adopted, and the plastic raw material is transported from the storage tank to the central dehumidification drying system through a centralized pipeline system, and then the dried raw materials are delivered to each injection molding machine. Its use to prevent dampness and drying of the resurgence of raw materials, and ensure that the entire system of air to feed raw materials, so that it is for injection molding workshop plastic products designed to produce a feeding equipment. Then the central feed system can solve any problems? Let's look together:
1, Due to the continuous development of society, the amount of material used in different workshops is not the same, and the central feeding system can design different optimized installation schemes according to different workshops and different supply materials.
2, the central feeding system can reduce a lot of labor costs, because it is simple to operate, as long as a few people can control the entire injection molding plant, it can also reduce other auxiliary equipment, thus saving electricity maintenance costs.
3, the central feed system has an independent centralized dust recovery system, cleaning more convenient, environmental effects can reach the requirements of dust-free operation, but also can reduce noise, can be very good to reduce the pollution of injection molding plant to maintain the production workshop Clean, and establish a modern factory management image.
4, the central feeding system can automatically feed more raw materials to the multi-room any injection molding machine equipment, where you can complete a number of tasks, such as raw materials, color processing, drying and proportionate crushed recycling material utilization, at the same time It can implement a high degree of automation and control, monitoring, etc., can well meet the production needs of the workshop, improve operational efficiency.
Through the above introduction, we all know that the central feeding system can solve a lot of feeding problems, so its role in the production of plastic products workshop can not be ignored.


A backtracking algorithm for exact counting of internal molecular energy levels
M.J.H. Kemper, J.M.F. van Dijk, H.M. Buck
Research output: Contribution to journalArticleAcademicpeer-review
44 Citations (Scopus)
Abstract
An algorithm is described for counting exactly internal molecular energy levels. Difficulties in the concept of the density of states are reinvestigated. The influence of anharmonicity is shortly discussed and it is shown that reliable densities can only be obtained for low energies if anharmonicity constants are used.
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)121-124
Number of pages4
JournalChemical Physics Letters
Volume53
Issue number1
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 1978
Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of 'A backtracking algorithm for exact counting of internal molecular energy levels'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
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text:
As people still need to meet their regular health needs, transportation becomes a major concern when getting to their medical appointments. Suburban areas such as Orland Park know this importance too well, prompting the need to get reliable, safe and accessible transportation to get around.
When you think of medical transportation, the first thing that pops into your head may be the "ambulance." Plenty of people who may not be familiar with non-emergency medical transportation, often equating it to ambulance transportation. Although they both serve the same core purpose of transportation patients, there are big differences between the two.
Earn rewards every time you book for transportation around Chicagoland and SE Wisconsin. Join BriteLift's Rewards Program now.
Reviewing Wheelchair Accessibility & Transportation for disabled community in South-East Wisconsin and Mitchell International Airport (MKE).
Access to Reliable & Safe Transportation Can Make All The Difference Wheelchair users may oftentimes feel a limited sense of freedom because of their condition, facing many challenges as they go about their everyday activities. Overcoming adversities to complete tasks or activities independently may impact morale positively, even more so when accessibility resources are provided […]
Chicago Safety Measures and Accessibility With the current health crisis, several aspects of normal life have been affected. While there are many restrictions in place to keep our community safe, there is still plenty you can do to get out and have a little fun. Social distancing and increased sanitation efforts have been adapted by […]
Patients, Their Families, and Medical Offices Trust BriteLift for Transport Needs BriteLift is Chicagoland's local wheelchair-friendly transportation provider, trusted by medical establishments and case managers throughout Chicagoland (now expanding to South-East Wisconsin). We take pride in providing a valuable resource to our wheelchair and medical community by providing quality transportation services, with features like easy booking & tracking online along […]


Equity Carve-Outs
In an equity carve-out, also known as an IPO carve-out or a subsidiary IPO, the parent company (ParentCo) sells a portion or all of its interest in a subsidiary (SubCo) to the public in an initial public offering. The carve-out creates a new legal entity with its own management team and board of directors, and provides a cash infusion with proceeds distributed to the parent, subsidiary, or both.
Strategic Rationale
In addition to the strategic rationale for corporate restructuring outlined in our lesson on spin-offs and split-offs, equity carve-outs can be used to achieve the following additional strategic objectives:
 - Cash infusion – Cash proceeds can be distributed to ParentCo, SubCo, or both
 - Preparation for complete separation – Establish a public market valuation for SubCo in preparation for a subsequent spin-off or split-off of ParentCo's remaining interest
Transaction Structure
ParentCo's stake in SubCo sold in a carve-out may consist of primary and/or secondary shares. Primary shares are issued by SubCo, and secondary shares are sold by ParentCo. Although secondary shares are sometimes sold alongside primary shares in a carve-out, they usually represent a small portion of the total shares sold in the transaction.
Similar to monetization techniques employed in spin-offs and split-offs, ParentCo may push down debt to SubCo prior to the IPO, and/or extract a special tax-free dividend from SubCo up to ParentCo's outside basis in SubCo's stock. Cash proceeds from the stock sale might be distributed to ParentCo to pay down debt, to SubCo for growth capital, and/or used by SubCo to repay an intercompany loan from ParentCo, for example.
Equity carve-outs are commonly followed by a tax-free spin-off or split-off of ParentCo's remaining interest in SubCo.
Tax Implications
Whether primary or secondary shares are sold in the carve-out has tax implications. If ParentCo sells secondary shares of SubCo, it recognizes a capital gain or loss equal to the cash proceeds less its outside tax basis in SubCo's stock. However, if primary shares are issued, the transaction is considered a non-taxable event to raise capital. Therefore, selling primary shares is generally preferable to selling secondary shares.
Carve-out do not usually exceed 20% of ParentCo's equity interest in SubCo for several reasons:
 - If ParentCo divests more than 20% of its voting interest in the subsidiary, ParentCo would lose tax control of SubCo and any subsequent spin-off would fail to qualify for tax-free treatment under IRC Section 355.
 - So long as ParentCo retains at least 80% of SubCo, dividends from SubCo to ParentCo are tax-free under the Dividends Received Deduction.
 - If more than 20% of ParentCo's voting interest in SubCo is sold, ParentCo may no longer consolidate SubCo for tax purposes. Tax deconsolidation may result in a tax liability to ParentCo to the extent of any negative basis in SubCo.
By using a dual-class stock structure, however, ParentCo may be able to divest greater than 20% of the value of SubCo, while still retaining at least 80% of its voting interest in the subsidiary.
Accounting for Equity Carve-Outs
The accounting treatment of a carve-out depends on whether or not ParentCo maintains legal control of SubCo following the carve-out, where legal control is generally defined as ownership of at least 50% of SubCo's voting common stock. If ParentCo does not lose legal control, as is most often the case, the accounting gain or loss from the carve-out is recorded either on the consolidated income statement or as additional paid-in capital (APIC) on the balance sheet, depending on whether primary or secondary shares are issued. If secondary shares are sold for an amount exceeding ParentCo's book basis in the shares and ParentCo maintains legal control, ParentCo makes the following journal entry to record the carve-out:
ParentCo Sells Secondary Shares
dr. Cash
cr. Minority interest
cr. Gain on carve-out
If primary shares are sold for an amount exceeding ParentCo's book basis in the shares, ParentCo makes the following journal entry:
SubCo Sells Primary Shares
dr. Cash
cr. Minority interest
cr. Additional paid-in capital (APIC)
If ParentCo does lose legal control of SubCo, it recognizes a gain or loss on its consolidated income statement regardless of whether primary or secondary shares are issued. Also, ParentCo will be required to account for its investment in SubCo using the equity method of accounting rather than the consolidation method:
ParentCo Loses Legal Control of SubCo
dr. Equity investment in SubCo
dr. Minority interest
cr. Net assets of SubCo
cr. Gain on carve-out
Note that when primary shares are sold, regardless of whether or not ParentCo loses legal control, ParentCo recognizes a gain or loss for accounting purposes, but not for tax purposes. This temporary difference gives rise to a deferred tax liability (DTL) that reverses when ParentCo ultimately sells its secondary shares. On the other hand, if ParentCo sells the shares, a gain or loss is recognized for both accounting and tax purposes and no DTL is created. ParentCo makes additional journal entries when SubCo sells primary shares as follows:
Accounting for Tax Effects
dr. Income tax expense
cr. DTL
Timing Considerations
Like a regular IPO, the equity carve-out must be prepared, filed with the SEC, marketed to investors, and priced. The entire process typically takes approximately 4 to 6 months to complete.
Equity Carve-Out vs. Spin-Off
An equity carve-out achieves separation of a subsidiary without losing complete control, and is especially useful when a capital infusion is desired. When SubCo operates in a thriving industry, such as the Internet sector in the late 1990s, it may be preferable to monetize a portion of SubCo in a carve-out transaction to take advantage of high market valuations. However, equity carve-outs are mechanically complex suffer from a lower degree of execution certainty relative to a spin-offs.
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Using a Layer of Abstraction for Testing Code that Depends on Time
last updated: Nov 16th, 2020
Continuing with this month's theme, Time, I want to share a strategy I've used in the past when I've needed to write unit tests for logic that depends on time, timers, timeouts, etc.
Take for example a cache where items can expire. Suppose you want items to be evicted once they have gone untouched for some period of time.
One simple approach might be to take the idle expiry as a parameter. Say 20 minutes in a production build and only 100 milliseconds during testing.
Testing this way can lead to brittle tests. By brittle I mean that your tests will pass most of the time. But occasionally, if your machine is busy or the tests run on a different machine, it's possible that you'll get some false negatives.
In addition, your tests will take longer to run than necessary.
Here's what I do instead.
Example Code
Let's define a simple time-based cache first.
export class Cache<K extends string | number | symbol, T> { private readonly timeout: number; private readonly items: Partial<Record<K, T>>; private readonly expiry: Partial<Record<K, number>>; constructor(timeout: number) { this.timeout = timeout; this.items = {}; this.expiry = {}; } public set(key: K, item: T) { this.items[key] = item; this.expiry[key] = Date.now() + this.timeout; } public get(key: K): T | undefined { // Is the item in the cache? const item = this.items[key]; if (item !== undefined) { // Is the item still not expired? const now = Date.now(); if (this.expiry[key] < now) { // Update the expiry and return the item. this.expiry[key] = now + this.timeout; return item; } // Item is in cache but has expired. // Evict the item and return undefined. delete this.items[key]; delete this.expiry[key]; } }}
Layer of Abstraction
I introduce a layer of abstraction between my code and the time functions.
Instead of calling time functions like Date.now() directly, I call them indirectly. For instance, see the changes in the cache below.
type FnGetTime = () => number;export class Cache<K extends string | number | symbol, T> { private readonly timeout: number; private readonly items: Partial<Record<K, T>>; private readonly expiry: Partial<Record<K, number>>; private readonly fnGetTime: FnGetTime;// constructor(timeout: number) { constructor(timeout: number, fnGetTime?: FnGetTime) { this.timeout = timeout; this.items = {}; this.expiry = {}; this.fnGateTime = fnGetTime || Date.now(); } public set(key: K, item: T) { this.items[key] = item;// this.expiry[key] = Date.now() + this.timeout; this.expiry[key] = this.fnGetTime() + this.timeout; } public get(key: K): T | undefined { // Is the item in the cache? const item = this.items[key]; if (item !== undefined) { // Is the item still not expired?// const now = Date.now(); const now = this.fnGetTime(); if (this.expiry[key] < now) { // Update the expiry and return the item. this.expiry[key] = now + this.timeout; return item; } // Item is in cache but has expired. // Evict the item and return undefined. delete this.items[key]; delete this.expiry[key]; } }}
The main code that creates the cache doesn't need to change.
private readonly sessionCache = new Cache<SessionId, Session>(TWENTY_MINS);
But now my testing code can pass in a special time generation function to the constructor and not have to rely on real time.
Controlling Time
Let's create a test helper to give out timestamps for our tests. We'll pass in the times we want it to generate, and it will provide a method for advancing to the next time.
export const makeTimeGenerator = (...times: number[]) => { let index = 0; const timeGenerator = () => { return times[index]; }; timeGenerator.advance = () => { index++; }; return timeGenerator;};
Implementing the Tests
Now the tests can look like this:
import { makeTimeGenerator } from './makeTimeGenerator';const TWENTY_MINS = 20 * 60 * 1000;describe('cache', () => { it('does not expire items before the expiry time', () => { const timeGenerator = makeTimeGenerator(0, TWENTY_MINS - 1); const cache = new Cache<string, number>(TWENTY_MINS, timeGenerator); cache.set('foo', 42); timeGenerator.advance(); const result = cache.get('foo'); expect(result).toBe(42); }); it('expires items at the expiry time', () => { const timeGenerator = makeTimeGenerator(0, TWENTY_MINS); const cache = new Cache<string, number>(TWENTY_MINS, timeGenerator); cache.set('foo', 42); timeGenerator.advance(); const result = cache.get('foo'); expect(result).toBeUndefined(); });});
A Quick Note About the Real World
The simple example above of a session cache was just for illustration purposes. Note that in a real environment where you've got multiple web servers, you'd be relying on a cache like Redis to store sessions on a dedicated server.
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text:
CAMBRIDGE, MA.- The Carpenter Center for the Visual Arts
at Harvard University is Le Corbusier's only building in North America, and one of the last to be completed during his lifetime. Made possible by a gift from Alfred St. Vrain Carpenter, it was completed in 1963, with the intent to house the art-making programs of Harvard College under one roof and to symbolize the Universitys visible recognition of the importance of contemporary art. The undergraduate visual arts program, the Department of Visual and Environmental Studies (VES), was created five years later, accepting its first honors concentrators in 1968.
Le Corbusier designed the Carpenter Center at his Paris studio with the collaboration of Chilean architect Guillermo Jullian de la Fuente; the on-site preparation of the construction plans was handled by the office of Josep Lluís Sert, then dean of the Harvard Graduate School of Design. Its wonderful collection of concrete forms bring together many of the design principles and devices from Le Corbusier's earlier works: the ondulatoires from La Tourette; the brise soleils from Marseilles unité d'habitation; and the original Five Points from the 1920s, here re-imagined as if the Villa Savoye had been exploded inside out, with ramp and curved partitions extending into the environment.
Le Corbusiers landmark building was designed to be a laboratory for creative and critical thinking. With its prominent architectural promenade, its enormous ondulatoires or curving windows, its open and intersecting floor plan that encourages perpetual exchange between the exterior and interior of the building, Le Corbusier envisioned the Carpenter Center as an extraordinarily welcoming building that promotes the constant flow of movement, light, energy, and ideas. Its conception of art is inherently democraticall students have the capacity to create, and the capacity for creation should engage all other aspects of the University and its activities. By design, the building embodies a vision of community where the arts, sciences, and humanities do not speak separate languages, or inhabit separate cultures, but rather must constantly challenge and engage one another in a common space where experimentation, whether in the scientific or artistic sense, brings students, critics, and practitioners together in thought and discussion.
In May 2013, the Carpenter Center for the Visual Arts will celebrate its 50th anniversary as an architectural and artistic landmark. Programming throughout Fall 2012 and Spring 2013 will showcase the Carpenter Center's vibrant history in diverse and creative ways that highlight the uniqueness of the building and its contributions to the artistic life of Harvard University while celebrating Le Corbusier's synthesis of art and architecture.


text:
Research and Development of the Hydraulic Cylinder Control System on FIX
In this article, making use of FIX industrial control soft, introduce the test principle signal data processing and property analyzing of the hydraulic cylinder by the help of the computer.It has greatly enhanced the speed and accuracy of detection for hydraulic components and hydraulic system, and also given a promise to assure the design and maintenance successfully.
Zhijiu Ai, Xiaodong Zhang, Yun-Hae Kim and Prasad Yarlagadda
C. M. Wang et al., "Research and Development of the Hydraulic Cylinder Control System on FIX", Advanced Materials Research, Vol. 339, pp. 167-170, 2011


text:
Headlam Street, Byker, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE6 2JX | Tel: 0191 _PHONE_
As part of our Science topic on Plants, Year 5 were given the opportunity to dissect lilies. We have been learning about reproduction in plants and found out that a flower has both male and female parts. All living things need to make more of themselves so that their species does not die out. Reproduction is the process by which new living things are made.
We dissected a lily to identify all of the parts of a flower, particularly the male and female parts. We labelled and measured the different parts and used a magnify glass to study them closer!


text:
These feather-like crystals are both ingested by humans for health and used by them to scrub floors and get the gunk off tiles. Take a look at what they are, and why polarized light makes them look so amazing.
The picture above is citric acid crystals, viewed through a polarization microscope. Everyone reading this has had either citric acid or scurvy sometime in their life. Citric acid, as you might imagine, is in most citrus fruits, as well as a few berries, is used by companies as a way to serve Vitamin C, and is the powder that you see on the outside of sour balls and other sour candy. The acid also dissolves a lot of grime, and thus is used in household cleaners, which is why many cleaners contain 'lemon oil.' It's a useful molecule, but who expected that it could be prettied up?
A polarization microscope shoots polarized light at objects, especially crystals. Crystals tend toward double refraction. They split beams of light which aren't polarized into two beams, travelling at right angles to each other and polarized at right angles as well. When the beams exit the crystal the two waves, which have traveled at different speeds, are out of phase with each other. A second polarization filter combine, the peaks and valleys merging together to either create huge peaks of light or dark areas, and we get the image above.
It's not often we see the beauty in the everyday, so let us take a quick moment to appreciate the lovely thing we put in our mouths and use to clean our toilets.
Image: Jan Homann


text:
Established to preserve Mono Lake's "tufa towers" - calcium-carbonate spires and knobs formed by interaction of freshwater springs and alkaline lake water.
Place Category: Big Peaks
Mount Muir is a peak in the Sierra Nevada of California, 0.95 miles (1.5 km) south of Mount Whitney. This 14,018-foot (4,273 m) peak is named in honor of Scottish-born John Muir, a famous geologist, conservationist and founder of the Sierra Club. The southernmost section of the John Muir Trail contours along the west side of Mount Muir near its summit and ends on the summit of Mount Whitney.
Resource Website: _URL_


Embedding a Dashboard
Follow these steps to embed a Chartio dashboard into your application. Once a dashboard is created, it should not take more than an hour to embed it. Contact _EMAIL_ with any questions.
1. Create a dashboard (or use an existing).
Add a dashboard or pick an existing dashboard to be embedded.
2. Parameterize your dashboard with variables.
Control your embedded dashboard with dashboard variables. Upon embedding the dashboard, the JSON Web Token (JWT) that are created will control these variables which will then filter the queries and charts.
Any dashboard variables that you do not want users to be able to control need to be added as hidden variables from the dashboard sidebar.
Add a Hidden Variable from Dashboard
Hidden variable menu
All variables (hidden or not) should be wired to control your charts.
Filter data
3. Retrieve dashboard example code.
Open the dashboard Settings from the sidebar and click Embed. This opens the code in three options, Python, Ruby, Javascript, and PHP.
Embedding Dashboard Button
Embedding Code
4. Retrieve the Embed Secret.
All embedding will encrypted by your org's unique Embed Secret Key. Find the key by clicking the ellipsis by the search bar and choose Embedding. Your Embed Secret will appear there. Note: You will need Owner access to view the Embed Secret.
Embed Secret Key
5. Install a third party JWT Library.
We accept requests for the embedded dashboard using the JSON Web Token (JWT) standard. JWTs can be generated by following the procedure however using a third party library is recommended to reduce the chance for error.
For example, in Python you can install:
pip install pyjwt
6. Construct a payload.
Construct a payload using the previously retrieved dashboard example code.
A payload should include the following:
 - organization: Your Chartio organization id.
 - dashboard: The id of the dashboard to be embedded.
 - env: A mapping of variable names to values which will be passed to the hidden variables on the dashboard.
 - exp: (Optional) An expiration value that specifies when the token expires.
 - Any additional values required by the third party JWT library of your choice (e.g. iat). See the example code above for Ruby and Javascript.
Example:
payload = {
'organization': 16417,
'dashboard': 38727,
'env': {
'ACCT_ID': '1',
'DATE_RANGE': \[
'2014-02-11',
'2015-02-11'
\],
'USER_ID': '1'
}
}
The values in the env mapping can be sourced from forms submitted to your web application. This allows the embedded dashboard to be filtered based on UI elements native to your application, providing a familiar interface for users. It also allows UI elements different from what Chartio natively offers to be used.
Below is an example of pulling the env values from a Django form object as well as adding an env value based on session data that is unmodifiable by the end user (ACCT_ID).
env = {k.upper(): str(v) for k, v in form.cleaned_data.items()}
env\['ACCT_ID'\] = request.session\['ACCT_ID'\]
payload = {
'organization': 16417,
'dashboard': 38727,
'exp': datetime.utcnow() + timedelta(seconds=30),
'env': env
}
7. Wrap the payload in a JWT.
Generate a JWT with the payload as the body using your Embed Secret gathered above and the HMAC256 signature mechanism.
Below is a Python example and examples in Ruby, Javascript and PHP are available from your embedding page.
ORGANIZATION_SECRET = 'YOUR SECRET HERE'
token = jwt.encode(payload, ORGANIZATION_SECRET)
8. Submit the JWT in an iFrame.
Insert an iFrame element into your HTML with a src URL consisting of the generated JWT appended to the base URL from the dashboard example code.
BASE_URL = '_URL_
print('<iframe src="%s/%s"></iframe>' % (BASE_URL, token.decode('utf-8')))
9. Test the results.
Test the results by requesting the application page with the embedded iFrame. A "Loading" message should appear each time an embedding request includes a brand new JWT. The dashboard will be cached on Chartio's servers for all subsequent requests until the JWT expires.
Embedding Loading
Embedding Example Tested
If the dashboards aren't loading as fast as you'd like, take a look at our documentation on optimizing embedding loading times.


Create a Gmail signature:
An Email Signature is a text, like contact information, that is automatically added in the end of Gmail messages as a footer. This is a getintopc official site.
How to Change Signature in Gmail
Create or change a signature on Android:
Set up a signature which shows up just for emails you send from the Gmail app.
 1. Open the Gmail app in your Android phone.
 2. At the top left, click on Menu.
 3. Scroll down and then click Settings.
 4. Select your that Google Account where you want to add a Signature.
 5. Click on Mobile Signature.
 6. Enter the text which you want for your Signature.
 7. Click OK.
Create Signature on computer:
You can add up 10,000 characters in your Gmail Signature.
 1. First, open Gmail.
 2. At the top right, press Settings. then See all settings.
 3. On the Signature section, type your Signature text in the box. If you like, you can format your message by putting an image or changing the text style.
 4. In the bottom of the page, press Save Change
You can manage multiple signatures.
You may use so many different Signatures for your emails. For Instance, you might set a Signature default for your new emails you compose or reply to. You can also select a different Signature with every email you send.
If you want to change your Signature while you type an email, in the bottom of the window, press Insert Signature pen.
If you have more than one accounts in the Gmail app, you need to change this setting for every account.
Add or Change Signature on iPhone:
 1. Make sure you have installed the Gmail app.
 2. In iPhone or iPad, open the Gmail app.
 3. Click to the Menu.
 4. Scroll down, and then click on Settings.
 5. Click on your account.
 6. Press on Signature settings.
 7. Turn on the Mobile Signature setting.
 8. Create or edit your mobile Signature.
 9. To save, click Back.


text:
Decimals: Terminating or Repeating?
Date: 01/26/2001 at 15:10:31 From: Seegee Subject: How to tell if decimals are terminating or repeating? How can you tell just by looking at a fraction whether, in decimal form, it will terminate or repeat? My math teacher said there was a way, but I don't see how. Please help.
Date: 01/26/2001 at 15:49:23 From: Doctor Greenie Subject: Re: How to tell if decimals are terminating or repeating? Hi, Seegee - If a decimal fraction terminates, then it has a name like one of the following: " ____ tenths" " ____ hundredths" " ____ thousandths" " ____ ten-thousandths"... " ____ millionths"... " ____ ten-billionths"... etc., etc. When you write these numbers as common fractions, what is special about the denominators? The answer to that question should be a big hint toward the answer to your question, but it won't give the complete answer. For example, here are a couple of fractions whose decimal representations terminate but that don't have names from the "infinite" list above: 3/4 (=.75) and 5/8 (=.625). So why do these two have terminating decimals, while a fraction like 1/3 does not? It is because the first two can be written as equivalent fractions with names from the list above, while the fraction 1/3 cannot: 3/4 = 75/100 = seventy-five hundredths 5/8 = 625/1000 = six hundred twenty-five thousandths but you can't write 1/3 = a/10 or = b/100 or = c/1000 or.... where a, b, c, or any other of the numerators are integers. I have still only hinted at the precise answer to your question. If you can't quite figure out the whole answer after studying what I've written, you can find the complete answer in the Dr. Math archives. Click on the "Search the Archives" link on the main Dr. Math page and use "repeating decimal" or "terminating decimal" as the phrase to search for (do not use quotation marks, but be sure to click on the button that makes the search engine look for the entire phrase instead of the individual words). The search will provide you with links to several pages where this question is discussed. - Doctor Greenie, The Math Forum _URL_
Date: 01/26/2001 at 15:32:14 From: Doctor Rob Subject: Re: How to tell if decimals are terminating or repeating? Thanks for writing to Ask Dr. Math, Seegee. The fraction will terminate if and only if the denominator has for prime divisors only 2 and 5, that is, if and only if the denominator has the form 2^a * 5^b for some exponents a >= 0 and b >= 0. The number of decimal places until it terminates is the larger of a and b. The proof of this lies in the fact that every terminating decimal has the form n/10^e, for some e >= 0 (e is the number of places to the right that the decimal point must be moved to give you an integer, and n is that integer), and every fraction of that form has a terminating decimal found by writing down n and moving the decimal point e places to the left. Now when you cancel common factors from n/10^e = n/(2*5)^e = n/(2^e*5^e), it may reduce the exponents in the denominator, but that is all that can happen. - Doctor Rob, The Math Forum _URL_
Search the Dr. Math Library:
Ask Dr. MathTM
© _PHONE_ The Math Forum


IP culture shift: the rise of summary disposition
Andrew Moeser analyzes the shift towards summary disposition in Canadian IP litigation
Canadian intellectual property law has evolved considerably over the last few years, initiated in part by changes to summary procedures but increasingly carried forward by Canadian courts and new legal strategies. This pivot towards the use of early disposition instruments in place of longer and more expensive trials is having significant reverberations for IP holders and businesses. We asked intellectual property expert Andrew Moeser of Lenczner Slaght what caused this change and why – and what effects it will have on IP law now and in the future.
Why has the shift towards summary disposition occurred, and why now?
Most intellectual property litigation in Canada happens in Federal Court, where there are two mechanisms for early disposition: summary judgment and summary trial.
Summary judgment has been around for a long time. However, historically, the Federal Court and the Federal Court of Appeal ("FCA") had typically held that summary judgment is not the preferred means of resolving IP cases, which are often complex. This reluctance was particularly apparent in patent infringement cases, which are technical and usually involve expert evidence (see e.g., Suntec Environmental Inc v Trojan Technologies Inc, 2004 FCA 140). Summary judgment was usually only successful for procedural issues, such as cases turning on payment of filing fees.
In 2009, the Federal Courts Rules were amended to add a summary trial procedure, which was modelled on a mechanism that had been successfully used in British Columbia. Summary trial is brought by way of a motion with affidavit evidence, but after that, it is a highly flexible process. The Court can make any procedural order about the conduct of the summary trial – e.g., length, which witnesses will give live testimony, whether live testimony will consist of cross-examination only or include evidence-in-chief, etc. The motion can be brought at any time before the trial date is set, including prior to discovery. The rules empower the Court to grant judgment generally or on an issue, as long as "there is sufficient evidence for adjudication, regardless of the amounts involved, the complexities of the issues and the existence of conflicting evidence."
Despite the availability of the new summary trial procedure, it was used sparingly in its first few years.
As in many other areas of Canadian law, the Supreme Court of Canada's call for a "culture shift" in its 2014 Hryniak decision was a signal to IP lawyers to give greater consideration to summary procedures. However, unlike in some other areas, there was a bit of a lag in embracing this "culture shift" in the IP bar. Along with the relative newness of the summary trial procedure and the complex subject-matter of many IP cases, a 2015 decision (Manitoba v Canada, 2015 FCA 57) held that Hyrniak did not materially change the procedures or standard to be applied in summary judgment motions, which may have suggested to some lawyers that the Federal Court and FCA retained their historical aversion towards summary judgment.
In the last couple of years, there have been several new decisions where the Federal Court endorsed summary judgment and summary trial in appropriate IP cases, including in complex patent cases (see e.g., Gemak Trust v Jempak Corporation, 2020 FC 644; ViiV Healthcare Company v Gilead Sciences Canada, 2020 FC 486). Recently, the FCA weighed in and similarly endorsed summary judgment in a patent case (Canmar Foods Ltd v TA Foods Ltd, 2021 FCA 7). We may now see a positive feedback cycle where with each new decision lawyers are expanding the scope for summary procedures in IP cases, and it is likely that this trend will continue until the case law solidifies around the appropriate limits.
This in turn absolutely affects the options that IP lawyers should present to their clients. In many ways, this trend is consistent with the broader "culture change" we have seen in the legal profession post-Hryniak, where lawyers are reminded to consider whether a trial is required to resolve any case.
What are the wider implications, if any, of this trend for Canadian consumers?
Most IP litigation involves IP holders and businesses supplying goods and services, rather than Canadian consumers themselves. It is possible that summary disposition could lead to reduced transaction costs associated with IP enforcement, and those cost savings could be passed through to the consumer. For example, in a recent patent trial decision, the Federal Court commented that:
The trial lasted 21 days. Nevertheless, as these reasons will show, the case largely turns upon an issue of claims construction. Claims construction, we are often told, is a question of law, although some forms of evidence are admissible to assist in the process. Where more than 90% of the value of the claim depends on a question of law, the parties should contemplate bringing a motion for summary judgment or summary trial. Had the parties done so in this case, a considerable amount of judicial resources would have been saved, and each party's legal costs would have been substantially reduced. As I suspect that both parties will pass their litigation costs on to their customers, it is ultimately skaters and hockey players across Canada who will bear the burden of the parties' strategic choices. (Bauer Hockey Ltd. v. Sport Maska Inc. (CCM Hockey), 2020 FC 624)
There are also a couple of exceptions where consumers might see a more direct effect.
First, IP cases often affect the availability of a product or service in the marketplace. IP holders sometimes seek injunctions to prevent allegedly infringing competitors from selling their products, and later market entrants sometimes seek a determination on the validity of a competitor's patent or trademark before launching a product. Faster disposition of IP cases could lead to faster availability (or removal) of products in the marketplace.
Second, consumers themselves are sometimes involved in IP cases, such as in copyright infringement cases relating to online file-sharing. There have been some recent examples of copyright holders suing consumers, in some cases seeking to sue large numbers of consumers in so-called "reverse class actions". In theory, the increased availability of summary disposition could have a direct effect on consumers in these kinds of cases, and that effect could go either way – either the IP holder or allegedly infringing consumers could seek to make use of summary procedures.
Will this shift have any effect on cross-border transactions, or are its effects strictly limited to Canada?
This is a complicated question. IP rights are national in scope – e.g., inventors get a Canadian patent that provides exclusive rights in Canada and a separate US patent that provides exclusive rights in the US. But there are at least three ways where there could be a cross-border effect.
First, cross-border issues are sometimes raised in Canadian IP cases, such as where there is an international supply chain and export/import issues arise in the infringement analysis.
Second, this trend could bring Canada more in line with the US, where summary judgment has historically been more available in IP cases. That said, it is unlikely that summary motions will become quite so common in Canadian IP cases: among other reasons, our costs-shifting regime is a disincentive to bringing summary proceedings with a very low likelihood of success. Similarly, though it is not a summary disposition per se, the Canadian summary trial procedure could also be used to narrow the issues in dispute in patent cases through an early hearing relating to claims construction, which is similar to the Markman procedure in the US where patent claim terms are interpreted at an early stage.
Third, there are often parallel IP proceedings occurring in different jurisdictions, and parties typically employ sophisticated transnational litigation strategy. The availability of summary proceedings (and the opportunity to get a fast decision) potentially makes Canada a more important venue in such strategies.
Is the rise in summary disposition strictly limited to patent cases, or will it affect IP law in Canada on a wider scale?
It affects IP law in Canada on a wider scale. In fact, some of the earliest uses of the summary trial procedure were in trademark cases. As an example, in cases relating to counterfeit goods, sometimes the legal issues are relatively straightforward and there is no technical complexity, and the cases turn on contested facts and credibility issues. Credibility issues have traditionally been a substantial obstacle to summary judgment, but they can be addressed with live witnesses at a summary trial.
The more notable aspect of the recent trend is that summary disposition has been treated more favourably in patent cases as well. So the takeaway message is that there are no longer particular categories of IP cases that are (or are not) suitable for summary disposition; it is more about a case-by-case analysis of whether the facts and legal issues in any specific case lend themselves to either summary mechanism.
How will this trend affect small businesses and individuals seeking to protect their IP and patents?
Summary disposition can make it more cost-effective to pursue IP enforcement. The opposite side of the same coin is that summary disposition can also be a cost-effective tool for defendants to short-circuit weak IP infringement allegations.
Do you have any other insights on helping IP clients navigate the legal landscape post/during COVID?
The Federal Court is very much "open for business", and this includes scheduling and hearing motions for summary judgment and summary trial. In addition to the ongoing use of case management in IP cases, the Federal Court has been on the leading edge of courts using technology to keep cases moving ahead despite physical distancing restrictions and other public health measures. The Court has been conducting video hearings of contested matters, including video trials, almost since the beginning of the pandemic.
Andrew Moeser is a partner at Lenczner Slaght. Andrew's practice is primarily focused on intellectual property litigation, with particular experience in industries such as pharmaceutical and biologics, information technology, and oil and gas. Andrew also has experience in commercial litigation relating to environmental


corn lily
The topic corn lily is discussed in the following articles:
description
 - TITLE: skunk cabbage (plant)
 ...americanum), of the same family, having a large yellow spathe, is found from California to Alaska and eastward to Montana. Another skunk cabbage (Veratrum californicum) is the poisonous corn lily, or false hellebore, which grows from New Mexico and Baja California northward to Washington.


' Fertilizer CO2 – Shockwave CO2
SW FerCO2 is a low-cost fertilizer production system and clean CO2 source.
SW FerCO2 is a modified SW Chem Loop system that targets the impurities of natural gas flue gas and cleans the CO2. This system is a horizontal skid that operates as a semi-batch system and uses liquid chemical, either Na or K (Mg to be tested) to target SOx and NOx.
The liquid chemical cycles and mixes with the acid gases in the shockwave under a single contact until the appropriate pH is achieved and leaves the CO2 unreacted. The clean CO2 can then be piped directly into a greenhouse and the fertilizers can be used as a liquid spray to promote healthy and robust plant growth.
Let us help you choose the right shockwave system for you. CONTACT US