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The ACCRINT Function is an Excel Financial function. The function will calculate the accrued interest for a security that pays interest on a periodic basis.
ACCRINT helps users calculate the accrued interest on a security, such as a bond, when that security is sold or is transferred to a new owner on a date other than the issue date or on a date that is an interest payment date.
The ACCRINT function was introduced in MS Excel 2007 and hence is not available in earlier versions.
The ACCRINT function uses the following arguments:
Issue (required argument) – This is the security's issue date.
First_interest (required argument) – This is the first interest date of the security.
Settlement (required argument) – The security's settlement date. It is the date after the issue date when the security is traded to the buyer.
Rate (required argument) – The security's annual coupon rate.
Par (required argument) – The security's par value. If omitted by the user, the function will take the par value as $1,000.
Frequency (required argument) – This is the number of coupons payments per year. The function will take for annual payments, frequency = 1; for semiannual, frequency = 2; for quarterly, frequency = 4.
Basis (optional argument) – This is the kind of day count that is used for calculating the interest on a given security. If we omit the argument, the basis is set to 0. Basis can be any of the following values:
Day Count basis
0 or omitted
8. Calc_method (optional argument) – It is either 0 (calculates the accrued interest from first_interest_date to settlement_date) or 1 (calculates the accrued interest from issue_date to settlement_date).
How to use the ACCRINT Function in Excel?
To understand the uses of the ACCRINT function, let's consider a few examples:
Suppose we are given the following details:
Issue date: 2017/01/01
First interest date: 2017/03/31
Settlement date: 2022/02/15
Basis – 2: 2
Calculation method: 1
The formula to use is:
The result we got is $3,203.13, which is the interest on maturity that we will receive.
The function calculated ACCRINT using the formula below:
Ai is the number of accrued days for the quasi-coupon period within the odd period.
NC is the number of quasi-coupon periods that fit in the odd period. Fraction is raised to the next whole number.
NLi is the normal length in days of the quasi-coupon period within the odd period.
We get the result below:
Example 2 – Using DATE with ACCRINT
If the dates given are not in date format, we can use the DATE function along with ACCRINT to get the interest receivable on maturity. Suppose we are given the following data:
The formula used was:
We get the result below:
Things to remember about the ACCRINT Function
_TAG_! error – Occurs when:
The given rate argument is ≤ 0 or the provided [par] argument is ≤ 0.
The given frequency argument is not equal to 1, 2, or 4.
We provided issue ≥ settlement.
The given basis argument is not equal to 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4.
_TAG_! error – Occurs when:
The given issue, first_interest, or settlement arguments are not valid dates.
Any of the arguments provided is non-numeric.
When we input the issue and settlement dates, they should be entered as either:
References to cells that contain dates; or
Dates that are returned from formulas; or
If we attempt to input these date arguments as text, Excel may incorrectly interpret them, due to different date systems or date interpretation settings.
Thanks for reading CFI's guide to important Excel functions! By taking the time to learn and master these functions, you'll significantly speed up your financial analysis. To learn more, check out these additional CFI resources:
To master the art of Excel, check out CFI's FREE Excel Crash Course, which teaches you how to become an Excel power user. Learn the most important formulas, functions, and shortcuts to become confident in your financial analysis.


Beranger surname meaning, origin - french surname Beranger
The meaning of the surname Beranger is: From the given name BÉRENGER.
The surname Beranger is present in the lists: Surnames, French surnames, Surnames start with letter B.
Number for the surname Beranger
The Number of the surname three (3) denotes people who are capable and cheerful, easily perceive everything new, and thanks to this, achieve success in various fields. People with the surname Beranger prefer to adapt to their environment, but only where profit is expected.
Stones of the number 3 for the surname Beranger: amethyst, jet, sapphire, turquoise, chrysolite, hematite (Bloodstone), spinel (Lal), tourmaline-sherl, tiger's eye.
Planet of the number 3: Jupiter.
Zodiac Sign of the number 3: Sagittarius.
Good years for the surname: 1902, 1911, 1920, 1929, 1938, 1947, 1956, 1965, 1974, 1983, 1992, 2001, 2010, 2019, 2028.
More: number of the surname Beranger
Meaning of letters in the surname Beranger
E - freedom is the driving force for the letter E. As part of a person's surname Numerology, it introduces romantic and expressive energies to the mix.
A - the A represents confidence, independence, and proactivity. As part of a surname, it influences people with both leadership and motivation.
N - imagination and free thinking are introduced through the N. People with N in their surname have a unique and purposeful approach to life.
Compatible with the surname Beranger french surnames
Allard French surnames, Bellerose French surnames, Blaise French surnames, Brisbois French surnames, Charbonneau French surnames, Charles French surnames, Chastain French surnames, Colbert French surnames, Courtois French surnames, Droit French surnames, Duchamp French surnames, Dufort French surnames, Fontaine French surnames, Girard French surnames, Jean French surnames, Lachapelle French surnames, Langlais French surnames, Larue French surnames, Leclercq French surnames, Lefebvre French surnames...
Also check the compatibility of other surnames with the surname Beranger.
Famous people with the surname Beranger
 1. La Houssaye-Béranger
 La Houssaye-Béranger is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Normandy region in northern France. A forestry and farming village situated in...
 2. Pierre-Jean de Béranger
 3. George Beranger
 George Beranger (27 March 1893 – 8 March 1973), also known as André Beranger, was an Australian silent film actor and director in Hollywood. Beranger was...
 4. Christine Goitschel
 Christine Béranger-Goitschel (born 9 June 1944) is a former French alpine skier. She is the elder sister of fellow champion skier Marielle Goitschel and...
 5. Clara Beranger
 Clara Beranger (née Strouse; January 14, 1886 – September 10, 1956) was an American screenwriter of the silent film era and a member of the original faculty...
 6. Estadio Alfredo Beranger
 Estadio Alfredo Beranger is a football stadium in Turdera, Buenos Aires, Argentina. It is the home ground of Club Atlético Temperley, who drew an average...
 7. Béranger-Aymard Bossé
 Berenger Aymard Bosse or Aymard Bosse Beranger (born 13 March 1985) is a Central African sprinter who specializes in the 100 metres. He competed at the...
 8. Bérenger de Landore
 Compostellani [1][permanent dead link], Spanish. [2]: "In 1312 the master general, Béranger de Landore, organized the missions of Asia into a special congregation...
 9. Castel Béranger
 The Castel Béranger is a residential building with thirty-six apartments located at 14 rue de la Fontaine in the 16th arrondissement of Paris. It was designed...
 10. Grégory Béranger
 Grégory José Henri Béranger (born 30 August 1981) is a French former footballer who played mainly as a left back. He spent the vast majority of his professional...


text:
A NEW Monash University study aims to tackle rural obesity in young women.Monash University women's health researcher Cate Lombard is leading the study, which is set to focus on preventing weight gain rather than treating obesity.
The large-scale research is targeting 900 women aged between 18 and 50 living in 42 small rural communities across Victoria.
And will focus on participants changing their lifestyle and developing a low-cost program that helps women avoid putting on weight.
It's estimated 60 per cent of Australian women are overweight and those in their 20s and 30s are gaining weight faster than other age groups.
"They are often unaware that their yearly weight gain is having a major impact on their health," Dr Lombard said.
"Young women living in rural communities may be at an even higher risk."
Participants will attend a healthy lifestyle information session held locally and report on progress in two years.
Those interested in participating can email _EMAIL_.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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A raucous rebellious gig theatre show about a forgotten part of British history. On the 9th of June 1817, Jeremiah Brandreth assembles a crew of malcontents in a pub near Nottingham. Their plan is to march on London, overthrow the government, wipe out the National Debt and end poverty forever. What Jeremiah doesn't know is that there is a spy in his ranks with other ideas…
Jeremiah tells the incredible true story of the much-misunderstood Luddite rebellion – a movement that spanned the whole of northern England and had more British soldiers fighting it than Napoleon. Ever thought about a House of Lords debate staged as a rap battle? Accompanied by a cellist, violinist and guitarist fusing hip-hop beats with cinematic orchestration, the story is told through the lens of the life of Jeremiah Brandreth, the instigator of the Luddites' final stand and the last man in British history to be beheaded by axe for high treason.
Jack Dean – Rap / spoken word
Yoon-ji Kim – Violin
Beatrice Newman – Cello
Hanno Rigger – Guitars

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
Code of Conduct
The Panhandle SEEP Code of Conduct is in place to ensure those who pursue the certification find value in their effort. Certification is a privilege granted to qualified individuals meeting the requirements. Certification also carries with it the responsibility of maintaining the value and integrity of the program.
As a function of maintaining my SEEP certification, I agree to the following:
- I will work to keep myself current and informed of new concepts in stormwater and erosion-sediment control and abreast of changing regulations
- I will conduct my activities with honesty and integrity
- I will be diligent in my efforts to educate my clients on the benefits of stormwater, erosion and sediment controls
- I will endeavor to assist others in my profession by relaying accurate and true information
- I will engage in acts that will minimize the impacts to protect our water resources
- I will represent my SEEP certification accurately as a voluntary educational accomplishment and commitment to continued learning in the field of stormwater, erosion and sediment control.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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The SUNY EOCs are a system of educational enterprises that serve eligible adult learners.
As part of this system, the Rochester Educational Opportunity Center will deliver comprehensive, community-based academic and workforce development programs and provide support services leading to enhanced employment opportunities, access to further education, personal growth and development.
To maintain a high-quality learning environment, REOC will focus on teaching excellence, student learning, career development and technological initiatives. REOC will prepare students to demonstrate competency in the following:
- Computer Literacy and Information Resources
- Critical Thinking
- Oral Communication
Our focus is to serve with compassion, dignity and respect.
We pursue EXCELLENCE and quality in education and training through collaboration, continuous improvement, student and customer satisfaction and innovation.
We conduct our work with INTEGRITY, honesty, and fairness and meet the highest ethical and professional standards.
We accept RESPONSIBILITY for using our resources in a prudent and efficient manner.
2018 – 2019 RULES OF ENGAGEMENT
- WE will appropriately refer students and colleagues to internal and external experts, resources, and agencies for support.
- WE will consistently address unacceptable behaviors immediately.
- WE will explore acceptable solutions and choices without judgement.
- WE will clearly explain and confirm students' understanding of expectations.
- WE will talk with people to engage with them as individuals.
- WE will mindfully "self check" when interacting with others.


A general method for addressing forecasting uncertainty in inventory models
Dennis Prak, Ruud Teunter
Research output: Contribution to journalArticleAcademicpeer-review
15 Citations (Scopus)
In practice, inventory decisions depend heavily on demand forecasts, but the literature typically assumes that demand distributions are known. This means that estimates are substituted directly for the unknown parameters, leading to insufficient safety stocks, stock-outs, low service, and high costs. We propose a framework for addressing this estimation uncertainty that is applicable to any inventory model, demand distribution, and parameter estimator. The estimation errors are modeled and a predictive lead time demand distribution obtained, which is then substituted into the inventory model. We illustrate this framework for several different demand models. When the estimates are based on ten observations, the relative savings are typically between 10% and 30% for mean-stationary demand. However, the savings are larger when the estimates are based on fewer observations, when backorders are costlier, or when the lead time is longer. In the presence of a trend, the savings are between 50% and 80% for several scenarios.
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)224-238
JournalInternational Journal of Forecasting
Issue number1
Publication statusPublished - 2019
Externally publishedYes
Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of 'A general method for addressing forecasting uncertainty in inventory models'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Cite this


text:
Dear Community member, welcome to the GXquery 4.0 Lab. By doing these five exercises you will get a broad overview of the GXquery capabilities in just 30 minutes.
There are two options to do the Lab. Doing it on a Sandbox Instance or doing it using your on premise instance. The first one just requires a Browser. The second, needs preparation: some GeneXus' skills to prepare the Metadata and a local instance of GXquery.
1. Using the Sandbox.
2. In your own PC (for this option, take into account the following instructions):
The first GXquery screen is for identification, and you must enter the user name and password (of the user defined as the site's web administrator) to access the application. Then, press the Sign in button.
Credentials following option 1:
Credentials following option 2:
Like any other designer, GXquery contains regions (or components) that are constantly being accessed by users while creating their queries.
The following image highlights the components that will be used later in the exercises.
The first one on the left is the Shortcuts component. The second one is the tool component. The third one, on the right, it the attribute zone, which is the source of information for building queries. Lastly, in the center, we can see the query design component.
Now, enjoy the exercises.


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If an entity has a foreign key as part of its primary key and you try to query that entity in a subselect clause in DQL, an exception is thrown in ClassMetadataInfo->getQuotedColumnName. The problem seems to be that it's only considering the field mappings rather than both the field and association mappings when it's looking for the correct column name.
- Article(id primary key, title, content)
- ArticleTag(article_id, tag, primary key (article_id, tag))
Example DQL: select art from Article art where exists (select tag from ArticleTag tag where tag.article = art)


text:
Date of this Version
Advances in Water Resources 23 (2000) 483-492
The generalized integral transform technique (GITT) is applied to solve the one-dimensional advection-dispersion equation (ADE) in heterogeneous porous media coupled with either linear or nonlinear sorption and decay. When both sorption and decay are linear, analytical solutions are obtained using the GITT for one-dimensional ADEs with spatially and temporally variable flow and dispersion coefficient and arbitrary initial and boundary conditions. When either sorption or decay is nonlinear the solutions to ADEs with the GITT are hybrid analytical-numerical. In both linear and nonlinear cases, the forward and inverse integral transforms for the problems described in the paper are apparent and straightforward. Some illustrative examples with linear sorption and decay are presented to demonstrate the application and check the accuracy of the derived analytical solutions. The derived hybrid analytical-numerical solutions are checked against a numerical approach and demonstratively applied to a nonlinear transport example, which simulates a simplified system of iron oxide bioreduction with nonlinear sorption and nonlinear reaction kinetics.


Advertisement
Augmented reality in intradural spinal tumor surgery
 - Barbara CarlEmail author
 - Miriam Bopp
 - Benjamin Saß
 - Mirza Pojskic
 - Christopher Nimsky
Original Article - Spine - Other
Part of the following topical collections:
 1. Spine - Other
Abstract
Background
Microscope-based augmented reality (AR) is commonly used in cranial surgery; however, until recently, this technique was not implemented for spinal surgery. We prospectively investigated, how AR can be applied for intradural spinal tumor surgery.
Methods
For ten patients with intradural spinal tumors (ependymoma, glioma, hemangioblastoma, meningioma, and metastasis), AR was provided by head-up displays (HUDs) of operating microscopes. User-independent automatic AR registration was established by low-dose intraoperative computed tomography. The objects visualized by AR were segmented in preoperative imaging data; non-linear image registration was applied to consider spine flexibility.
Results
In all cases, AR supported surgery by visualizing the tumor outline and other relevant surrounding structures. The overall AR registration error was 0.72 ± 0.24 mm (mean ± standard deviation), a close matching of visible tumor outline and AR visualization was observed for all cases. Registration scanning resulted in a low effective dose of 0.22 ± 0.16 mSv for cervical and 1.68 ± 0.61 mSv for thoracic lesions. The mean HUD AR usage in relation to microscope time was 51.6 ± 36.7%. The HUD was switched off and turned on again in a range of 2 to 17 times (5.7 ± 4.4 times). Independent of the status of the HUD, the AR visualization was displayed on monitors throughout surgery.
Conclusions
Microscope-based AR can be reliably applied to intradural spinal tumor surgery. Automatic AR registration ensures high precision and provides an intuitive visualization of the extent of the tumor and surrounding structures. Given this setting, all advanced multi-modality options of cranial AR can also be applied to spinal surgery.
Keywords
Augmented reality Head-up displays Intradural spinal tumor surgery Intraoperative computed tomography Low-dose computed tomography Spine registration
Notes
Acknowledgments
We thank J.-W. Bartsch for proofreading the manuscript.
Compliance with ethical standards
Conflict of interest
All authors certify that they have no affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial interest (such as honoraria; educational grants; participation in speakers' bureaus; membership, employment, consultancies, stock ownership, or other equity interest; and expert testimony or patent-licensing arrangements) or non-financial interest (such as personal or professional relationships, affiliations, knowledge, or beliefs) in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript, except that B. Carl and Ch. Nimsky have received speaker fees from Brainlab.
Ethical standards
All procedures performed were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. We obtained ethics approval for prospective archiving clinical and technical data applying intraoperative imaging and navigation (study no. 99/18). Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.
References
 1. 1.
 Abe Y, Sato S, Kato K, Hyakumachi T, Yanagibashi Y, Ito M, Abumi K (2013) A novel 3D guidance system using augmented reality for percutaneous vertebroplasty: technical note. J Neurosurg Spine 19:492–501. _URL_ CrossRefGoogle Scholar
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 Carl B, Bopp M, Voellger B, Sass B, Nimsky C (2019) Augmented reality in transsphenoidal surgery. World Neurosurg 125:E873–E883. _URL_
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then one or more of the nuts in the burr will not be filled in.
When there is a complete pollination failure, the burrs could have anywhere from the normal number of nuts in them but are all blanks, to as many as 7 or 8 blank nuts in each burr. This condition happens when the chestnut trees are healthy, have the right amount of moisture in the soil but the weather was too cold for nut set.
To produce a nice crop of chestnuts, a chestnut farmer has to make sure there is enough viable pollen present at the right time, the chestnut trees are not stressed, and the day time high temperatures are above 68 degrees F. Having the wind blow from the right direction or having insects move the pollen at the right time is also helpful too. The simplest approach to reducing the risk of pollination failure is to plant several pollen producing chestnut trees that cover all 3 periods of the chestnut bloom period.


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- DALI – Digital Addressable Lighting Interface, is a trademark of DiiA (DALI Alliance), a IEEE (Industry Standards and Technology Organization, Inc) for network-based systems that control lighting in building automation.
- DALI is specified by technical standards IEC 62386 and IEC 60929.
- A DALI network consists of a controller, a power supply and one or more slave devices.
- Each device is assigned a unique short address in the numeric range 0 to 63.
- DALI gateways can be used to implement systems that have upto 64 devices.
Data is transferred between controller and devices over a two-wire bus, with a fixed data transfer rate of 1200 bit/s.
- The bus is used for both signal and power. A power supply provides ≤ 250 mA at 16 V DC; each device may draw up to 2 mA.
DALI 2 Introduction
- DALI-2 is the updated and improved version of the DALI lighting protocol, which includes more features and more product types and has a strong focus on product interoperability.
- Specifically, DALI-2 refers to version 2 of IEC 62386, the international DALI standard. DALI-2 extends and enhances the strengths of DALI as a dedicated, standardised protocol for digital lighting control.
- DALI-2 brings standardisation to system components such as sensors and other input devices, as well as application controllers, which are the 'brains' of a DALI system.
- Which are intended to ensure that products from different suppliers are able to work together.
- Compared with the original DALI version 1 standard, DALI-2 includes clearer specifications for control gear features such as timing, fading, power-on and start-up, as well as new features such as extended fade times.
- DALI-2 is designed for backwards compatibility, so DALI-2 control gear can be used in older systems.
- DALI-2 certification brings the promise of significantly improved multi-vendor interoperability compared with the current DALI (version-1) systems in the market.
- Testing procedures for DALI-2 are much more detailed and comprehensive than for DALI version-1, and will be further improved if new issues are identified.
- DALI-2 includes control devices for the first time
- Control devices were not included in version 1 of the DALI standard, meaning it is not possible for control devices to carry the DALI version-1 logo. Only certified products can carry the DALI-2 logo.
- Benefits of DALI-2 for control devices:
- Application controllers and Input devices defined
- Single-masters and multi-masters allowed
- Event priorities defined
- Separate addressing & grouping from control gear.


text:
Area motorist may be seeing a different type of tillage being performed on farm fields in the county. Albert Maag, Putnam County SWCD technician, recently acquired a USDA-NRCS Conservation Innovation Grant (CIG) to investigate using a strip-tiller to incorporate fall fertilizer. Five demonstration sites consisting of 40 acres each were completed last week. The demonstrations are located around Ottawa (2), Glandorf, Kalida, and Pandora. Blanchard Valley Coop is assisting with the equipment for the demonstrations. The goal of the demonstration plots is to see if strip tillage with fall fertilizer application is a feasible method of producing no-till corn while reducing nutrient runoff, especially phosphorus movement to surface water.
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Region extraction from multiple images
Hiroshi Ishikawa, Ian H. Jermyn
Research output: Contribution to journalArticle
15 Citations (Scopus)
Abstract
We present a method for region identification in multiple images. A set of regions in different images and the correspondences on their boundaries can be thought of as a boundary in the multi-dimensional space formed by the product of the individual image domains. We minimize an energy functional on the space of such boundaries, thereby identifying simultaneously both the optimal regions in each image and the optimal correspondences on their boundaries. We use a ratio form for the energy functional, thus enabling the global minimization of the energy functional using a polynomial time graph algorithm, among other desirable properties. We choose a simple form for this energy that favours boundaries that lie on high intensity gradients in each image, while encouraging correspondences between boundaries in different images that match intensity values. The latter tendency is weighted by a novel heuristic energy that encourages the boundaries to lie on disparity or optical flow discontinuities, although no dense optical flow or disparity map is computed.
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)509-516
Number of pages8
JournalProceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision
Volume1
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 2001
ASJC Scopus subject areas
 - Software
 - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of 'Region extraction from multiple images'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
 - Cite this


text:
Enlisted aviator students in the U.S. Air Force 37th Training Wing will now experience physiological responses to flying, right from the comfort of their training base. The Wing's Career Enlisted Aviator Center of Excellence (CEA COE) at Joint Base San Antonio (JBSA)-Lackland will cut the ribbon on its new altitude chamber, making it officially open for regular student use on 15 June.
"We're always pushing the envelope when it comes to bringing our students the best training and education, and the opening of this altitude chamber is just one piece in the puzzle of preparing the next generation of Airmen for careers as enlisted aviators," said Lt. Col. Patrick King, Commander of the 344th Training Squadron that oversees the CEA COE.
When enlisted aviators—that's any Airman with an aircraft job other than piloting or navigating the plane—graduate from Basic Military Training, they head up the street to begin tech school in the CEA COE. The CEA COE teaches a base level of aviation knowledge in Aircrew Fundamentals on aerodynamics, aircraft systems, safety procedures, publications, physiological responses to altitude and more to Air Force and international students in aviation career fields.
After students can explain physiological functions and how to respond in the midst of an altitude threat, such as hypoxia, they strap into an altitude chamber and experience it for themselves. Previously, classes drove to JBSA-Randolph to use its chamber, but now students will experience simulated altitude threats in the new chamber right below their classroom.
"Learning how to use both everyday and emergency in-flight equipment is crucial to an enlisted aviator's success," said Staff Sgt. Agnes Berry, an aerospace physiology technician and instructor with the CEA COE. "You need to know how your body will respond, and how to keep you and your teammates safe."
Upon completion of Aircrew Fundamentals, Airmen progress to their higher level, specialized aircrew training within the CEA COE. Specialized courses include the Boom Operator, Flight Engineer, Aircraft Loadmaster, Airborne Mission Systems Operator, Flight Attendant and Special Missions Aviators courses.


What's a Ford Sidevalve Engine? - Engine Builder Magazine
What's a Ford Sidevalve Engine?
It looks like an ordinary inline 4-cylinder flathead engine. Essentially it is, but it has quite a cult following here in the UK.
While attending a car show in Farnborough, England, I came across a 1957 Ford Prefect 100E. It was one of less than 1,000 registered in the UK. It featured vacuum-controlled wipers, super low miles (less than 44k), and was in beautiful condition. The engine was a tiny 1,172cc (1.2L) with a whopping 36bhp rating! The car is small, quirky, unique and features an engine I have never heard of before. The Ford Sidevalve.
It looked like an ordinary inline 4-cylinder flathead engine. Essentially it is, but it has quite a cult following here in the UK. They were cheap to build, ran smooth as silk, had great bottom-end torque, and were cheap to work on. But, they weren't as fuel efficient as overhead valve engines, and they couldn't make as much horsepower at higher engine speeds.
The Ford Sidevalve engine also referred to as the "English Sidevalve," is a side valve (flathead engine) that originated from the British arm of the Ford Motor Company. This engine has a rich history dating back to the 1930s and was employed in various Ford vehicles, as well as other car models from different manufacturers. In this article, we will delve into the origins of the Ford Sidevalve engine, its modifications, power ratings, gearbox and transmission, applications, and more.
History and Origins
The Ford Sidevalve engine had its roots in the 1930s Ford Model Y and was produced in two sizes: 933 cc (56.9 cid) or "8 hp," and 1,172 cc (71.5 cid) or "10 hp." Sidevalve engines are also known as L-Heads or flatheads. This latter name was because the cylinder head is flat, it is a simple design because it has no valves in it, just a spark plug and fins for cooling purposes.
A Sidevalve engine has valves in the top of the block with each cylinder having a chamber at the top that houses the valves and gives it the name L-Head because the cylinder is shaped like an upside-down L. These engines used a simple pushrod system to open the valves from a cam that is mounted near the crankshaft. If you hear the phrase T-block it will describe a sidevalve engine with the input valve on one side and the exhaust valve on the other making the cylinder look like a T.
The early versions of this engine did not come with a water pump as standard. Instead, they relied on thermosiphon cooling (Thermosiphon is a method of passive heat exchange, based on natural convection, which circulates a fluid without the necessity of a mechanical pump) similar to the Ford Model T engine. It wasn't until 1953, with the introduction of the 100E models, that a water pump was added when the engine underwent significant re-engineering.
During its lifespan, the Sidevalve engine was used in numerous smaller Fords, as well as farm vehicles, commercial vehicles, and even marine versions in boats. Production of the engine ceased in 1962, but its legacy continues to be appreciated by car enthusiasts and collectors alike.
Notably, the Sidevalve engine was also utilized in German Fords, starting with the Ford Koln in 1932 and ending with the last rear-wheel-drive Ford Taunus 12M in 1962. Only the 1,172cc version, originally designed for the English Ford "10 hp," was used in German Ford lines.
Engine Modifications
Many methods were explored to enhance the power output of the standard Ford Sidevalve engine. Some of the most notable modifications included special exhaust manifolds, twin carburetors, stiffer valve springs, thinner cylinder head gaskets, and modified camshafts.
Power Rating
The nominal horsepower quoted for each engine size comes from the British method of power calculation for road taxation purposes. This bears no relationship with the actual power output. Factors such as engine displacement, cylinder diameter, stroke, and the number of cylinders determined the power for road taxation purposes. To minimize tax ratings, British designers developed engines with very long stroke and low piston surface area. The system discouraged manufacturers from switching to more fuel-efficient overhead valve engines as these generally required larger bores, while the established Sidevalve layout could easily use very narrow bores. Despite OHV engines having significant benefits in economy, refinement, and performance, the tax system made these engines more expensive to own because it placed them in a higher tax class than Sidevalve engines of identical power output.
Gearbox and Transmission
A three-speed gearbox was fitted as standard in vehicles equipped with the Ford Sidevalve engine, featuring three forward gears and one reverse gear. Several ways of improving performance through modifications to the gearbox and transmission were applied. These included the use of replacement close-ratio gears fitted to the gearbox, overdrive gears fitted behind the original gearbox, and higher-ratio crown and pinion gears fitted to the differential unit on the back axle.
The iconic Ford Sidevalve engine has left its mark on automotive history, and its legacy continues to be appreciated by car enthusiasts and collectors today.
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The Main Benefits of the Best Trampolines for your Family
Affiliate links within this post may be commissionable.
Are you looking for a suggestion on how to spend more quality time with your family while having fun? In that case, trampolining might be a perfectly entertaining solution, providing your family with the much deserved relaxation as well as an increased level of physical activity.
In fact, purchasing a trampoline has far more health benefits than you may think. Although it's initially intended for having fun, the more important function is improving the overall health of all the members of the family.
Actually, it cleanses the organism from toxins, improves the function of the digestive system, boosts your immunity, ameliorates your coordination and relieves you from stress overload.
Read more about its numerous benefits in detail.
Body detox
An unbelievable benefit of trampoline jumping is aiding the removal of toxins out of your organism. The lymphatic system in your body is responsible for getting rid of all the toxins, but it won't perform its function, unless your body produces the right movements. These movements should be in the same direction as the one of the lymphatic fluid, which is in fact vertical, not horizontal.
Therefore, jumping is the perfect activity, providing all the vertical body movements that your organism requires in order to be free of toxins. Most of the other fitness activities, like jogging, provide horizontal movements instead of vertical. They are beneficial for your overall wellness, but don't influence the amount of toxins.
Considering the numerous ways in which these poisonous substances enter people's organism, it's highly important for the lymphatic system to eliminate them, as the consequences might be severe. Toxins are not only attacking your internal organs, but also cause tissue damage that leads to looking older prematurely. Read more about the subtle signs which demonstrate toxins overload in your organism.
Improved coordination and balance
Another extremely important benefit of frequent trampolining, is improving your overall coordination, particularly the one of your arms and legs. In order to bounce on the trampoline, you're supposed to control your limbs, which means your arms and legs should move harmonically. In the same time, you are also mastering your hand-eye coordination that is indispensable for performing almost every physical activity.
In fact, trampolining is considered to be one of the most efficient physical activities for people who have experienced a fall and suffer from balance problems. These type of jumps have the capacity to restore their balance much faster than using other types of exercises. It's especially beneficial for older people, as their recovery takes longer than in the case of the younger generation.
Lose some weight
One of the reasons why so many people are in love with trampoline jumping, is that is represents a fun way of reducing body weight. It's considered to be one of the most effective ways of burning calories, as you activate every part of your body during the process.
In addition, jumping plays a significant role in improving your metabolism, whole slow rate is the most frequent cause for weight gain. Your metabolism gets back up to speed, enabling for the calories you consume to burn much faster than previously. Visit the following link:, to learn how many calories you burn while jumping. The ameliorated function of the lymphatic system also contributes to the lost kilograms, since the presence of toxins is one of the main culprits for weight gain.
Boosts your immune system
Regardless of how unbelievable it may seem to you, jumping has an amazing effect on the function of your immune system. It directly influences the number of white blood cells, by significantly increasing their number after performing a series of jumps. These cells are the ones that protect your organism when being attacked by a bacteria or some virus.
Furthermore, the low number of white blood cells indicates poor function of the immune system which may eventually lead to cancer. Therefore, by making trampolining one of your everyday activities, you are not only boosting your immunity, but reducing the risk of cancer at the same time.
Eliminates digestive problems
Nowadays, plenty of people are suffering from digestive problems, as a result of the unhealthy eating habits accompanied by the fast pace of life. Anyhow, trampoline jumping aids in the relaxation of the muscles that are responsible for the bad digestion, thus enabling the food to be digested in a much better way. You will finally be able to consume the vitamins and nutrients your organism refused to consume for a long period of time.
Therefore, doing a series of jumps on a daily basis will make you forget about your constipation issues and get the function of your digestive system back on track. Also, owing to the ameliorated digestion, your metabolism will be faster and your body weight lower.
Reduce stress
Purchasing a trampoline, such as the ones sold by Top Trampoline, will make you turn trampolining into one of your favorite family entertaining activities. Considering the amount of stress you gain daily, this type of physical activity is exactly what you need.
In fact, it reduces the stress you're feeling by causing the brain to release endorphins, the hormones that are responsible for happiness. Automatically, these hormones make you relax and eliminate all the negative energy, accumulated in your body.
Sparing only ten minutes of your busy schedule on this entertaining activity every day, would also improve your sleep, increase your productivity levels and consequently supply your organism with more energy. Instead of taking pills to cope with everyday worries, trampolining may become your healthy variant of reducing anxiety while spending quality time with your family.
Wrap up
In case you are hesitating about trying trampolining for a while, do not wait any further. Besides enjoying yourself, you will have a chance to experience all the incredible health benefits.
Give your organism an opportunity to restore its balance, improve its functions and supply you with enough energy.
Both you and your family deserve it!
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Tuesday, March 21, 2006
Looking for some Vitamin C?
Greengrocer C. Carrot wants to expose his oranges neatly for sale. Doing this he discovers that one orange is left over when he places them in groups of three. The same happens if he tries to place them in groups of 5, 7, or 9 oranges. Only when he makes groups of 11 oranges, it fits exactly.
The Question: How many oranges does the greengrocer have at least?
1 comment:
 1. Assume the number of oranges is A. Then A-1 is divisible by 3, 5, 7 and 9. So, A-1 is a multiple of 5×7×9 = 315 (note: 9 is also a multiple of 3, so 3 must not be included!).
 We are looking for a value of N for which holds that 315×N + 1 is divisible by 11.
 After some trying it turns out that the smallest N for which this holds is N = 3. This means that the greengrocer has at least 946 oranges.
 Note that for N = 14, 25, 36, etc. (so each time 11 more) it also holds that 315×N + 1 is divisible by 11.
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I have a method, which gets executed, say 20 times. My method has an argument, which has 20 unique values(integer value from 1 to 20), each time when the program control enters the method. The integer value is generated in a random order. First time when entering the method, the arguement may have the value 'n', the second time it may have value (n-3), third time it may be (n+6) and so on. Right now I am using switch case method to handle this. That is, here I have 20 cases, I am handling the 20 cases using switch-case. Is there a better way, that I can handle this situation, that is without writing 20 switch-cases?
- (CGFloat)methodName:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath{
numberOfLines = //gets this value after some complex calculations.
 case 0:
 return numberOfLines*35;
 case 1:
 return numberOfLines*35;
 20 cases
return 35;
share|improve this question
Your question isn't clear. Can you post part of the code that you wish to optimize? – PengOne Jan 13 '12 at 6:01
Agreed. The generality of your question makes it really hard to answer. – Jesse Bunch Jan 13 '12 at 6:02
To elaborate on the other comments, the possibility of doing something more efficient, or at least more readable than using a switch case statement depends entirely on the specifics of the method and what it is intended to do. – Andrew Madsen Jan 13 '12 at 6:03
Post your code with switch.We must see statements in switch. – shift66 Jan 13 '12 at 6:05
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1 Answer
up vote 1 down vote accepted
It really depends on the type of work you are doing in the switch statements. If for example you are simply returning a value based on the input then it would be possible to construct a NSDictionary mapping integers to some value. Or better yet if the input is indeed a range of consecutive integers then a predefined array would work as well.
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Mental health injuries can occur on the job too. Workplace mental health injuries are eligible for workers' compensation benefits in Pennsylvania. Increasingly, experts are recognizing that on-the-job mental health injuries are more common than previously realized. A study from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) estimated that the American economy loses over $100 billion every year due to mental health injuries. Much like any physical on-the-job injury, a mental health injury deserves full and fair compensation. If you require mental health treatment due to an injury sustained on the job, you should contact an experienced Philadelphia workers' compensation attorney as soon as possible.
Mental Health Injuries Under Pennsylvania Workers' Compensation Law
It is important to understand the classification of your mental health injury. Pennsylvania law breaks mental health injuries into three separate categories:
- Physically induced: This refers to mental health injuries that stem from a physical stimulus. An example of this would be a situation in which a person was physically injured on the job, and then developed post traumatic stress disorder. The physical injury was the initial stimulus, but the mental health injury is also very real.
- Mental, with physical consequences: This refers to scenarios where the initial stimulus was mental, for example a stress disorder, and then that mental stimulus led to physical consequences. For instance, cardiovascular issues can be associated with mental stress.
- Purely mental or emotional: These are injuries with only mental health symptoms and no currently diagnosed physical consequences.
Proving a Mental Health Injury
Recovering workers' compensation benefits for your mental health injury requires proving the full extent of that injury. The previously mentioned classifications are extremely important because the burden of proof is different depending on the type of mental health injury. Under Pennsylvania law, the burden of proof is lower in cases where a physical symptom is present. This includes both physically induced mental health injuries and mental injuries that have physical consequences. Proving that a purely mental health injury exists is more difficult in Pennsylvania. It will require the additional step of proving that you were subject to abnormal working conditions, and that those abnormal conditions were the primary cause of your mental health injury. Regardless, if your job caused you a mental health injury, you are still rightfully entitled to workers' compensation benefits in Pennsylvania. These claims can be challenging, so it is important to get your case in the hands of a qualified workers' compensation attorney as soon as possible.
Contact An Experienced Workers' Compensation Attorney
Mental health injuries are often traumatic. If your injury occurred at the workplace, then you are owed full and fair workers' compensation benefits. It is important to understand that insurance companies often attempt to fight these cases because they know that mental health injuries are more difficult to prove and they believe that they can get away without paying fair benefits. Do not let them. If you have been medically treated for a work-related mental health injury, please contact an experienced Philadelphia workers' compensation attorney today. Your legal rights depend on it.


Tag Archives: pragmatic PR
3 Ways Pessimism is an Asset in PR
Does pessimism have a place in PR?
Half empty or half full?
An article recently published over at the MIT Sloan Management Review blog caught my attention. Essentially, the article asserted that in a world where optimism reigns, a little pessimism is a good thing.
In our culture, pessimism is generally perceived as a state of mind where one anticipates negative outcomes. We often classify individuals as either optimistic or pessimistic based on the age old question, "Is the glass half empty or half full?" We tend to classify those who answer "half empty" as stewards of a pessimistic outlook, always focusing on the negative and what's likely to go wrong.
Despite the stigma that pessimism has, can it be interpreted as an undervalued asset and a valuable tool in PR? Continue reading


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This paper demonstrates a phase tunable holographic fabrication of three-dimensional photonic lattice structures using a single optical element. A top-cut four-side prism is employed to generate five-beam three-dimensional interference patterns. A silica glass slide is inserted into the optical path to adjust the phase of one interfering beam relative to other four beams. The phase control of the interfering laser beam renders the lattice of the interference pattern from a face-center tetragonal symmetry into a high contrast, interconnecting diamondlike symmetry. This method provides a flexible approach to fabricating three-dimensional photonic lattices with improved photonic band structures.
Xu, D., Chen, K. P., Harb, A., Rodriguez, D., Lozano, K., & Lin, Y. (2009). Phase tunable holographic fabrication for three-dimensional photonic crystal templates by using a single optical element. Applied Physics Letters, 94(23), 231116. _URL_
Applied Physics Letters


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Putting Organization Success: Equilibrium Consulting as Your Strategic Associate
In modern aggressive organization landscape, obtaining equilibrium and sustainable accomplishment is a strategic imperative. Equilibrium Consulting emerges as a dependable spouse for businesses seeking to navigate complicated problems with finesse. With their revolutionary strategies, adaptive remedies, and unwavering commitment to harmony, Equilibrium Consulting empowers firms not only to endure but to prosper in a dynamic planet.
In this article, we will delve into the planet of Equilibrium Consulting, uncovering how their exclusive method is revolutionizing the way corporations strategize, run, and excel. We will investigate the fundamental concepts that generate their consultancy companies and get rid of mild on the concrete benefits consumers knowledge when they select Equilibrium Consulting as their strategic partner.
Equilibrium Consulting: Guiding Businesses In the direction of Excellence
At the coronary heart of Equilibrium Consulting's philosophy lies the pursuit of harmony and excellence in all aspects of enterprise. Their extensive strategy encompasses strategy, leadership, functions, and lifestyle, ensuring a holistic transformation that propels organizations towards sustainable achievement.
Crafting Strategic Brilliance
Strategic planning is a cornerstone of Equilibrium Consulting's expertise. They collaborate carefully with firms to craft visionary strategies that align with their core values and targets. By performing so, businesses gain a competitive edge and a distinct roadmap for potential expansion.
Elevating Operational Efficiency
Operational excellence is yet another essential factor of Equilibrium Consulting's strategy. By identifying inefficiencies, streamlining procedures, and optimizing operations, they enhance productivity and price-efficiency, thus fortifying an organization's foundation.
Fostering a Lifestyle of Innovation
Real equilibrium encompasses not only financial balance but also the vibrancy of an organization's tradition. Equilibrium Consulting guides leaders in fostering cultures of innovation, where creativeness thrives, and adaptability prevails. This not only drives growth but also makes certain lengthy-time period resilience.
Measurable Success and True-Globe Impact
The real measure of a consultancy's effect is the results it provides. Equilibrium Consulting prides itself on a heritage of assisting consumers obtain quantifiable outcomes. bookkeeping for creatives Throughout this report, we will showcase actual-world success tales, revealing how companies partnering with Equilibrium Consulting have embraced equilibrium and achieved outstanding good results.
In an period exactly where adaptability and equilibrium are essential for business survival, Equilibrium Consulting emerges as a transformative partner. Their holistic strategy, tailored answers, and unwavering determination to measurable accomplishment empower corporations not only to navigate difficulties but to excel in an at any time-modifying organization environment.
As we investigate the world of Equilibrium Consulting even more, you will witness the transformative likely of their companies and gain insights from organizations that have harnessed their skills to embrace equilibrium and chart a route toward lasting excellence.


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1) Hint to use with Like clause
If your SQL contain a LIKE clause then you could consider using a hint on the column where an index exists on this column.
Use the /*+index(table index_name) */ hint. The LIKE clause may prevent the use of the index. If the index is physically smaller than the table then it will likely be faster to use the index rather than the table.
Append only works with Insert into table1 select * from table2;
It really doesn't make sense for a single-row insert


Creating and Editing Waveforms with Keysight PathWave BenchVue Software
What is PathWave BenchVue Software?
The Keysight PathWave BenchVue platform contains and hosts various BenchVue apps. BenchVue apps enable you to control your test instruments and simplify your test processes.
PathWave BenchVue software lets you connect, control, and capture data from your choice of an ever-growing list of supported Keysight instruments. Most function generators have their own PC application software that links to their instruments. Software typically tries to eliminate the many issues around bench testing by making it simply to connect, control, and automate instrument test sequences. You can quickly move past the test development phase and access results faster than ever before in just a few clicks.
Creating and Editing Waveform Tools with Pathwave BenchVue Software
PathWave BenchVue software is a full-featured waveform tool software for waveform generators. The software enables engineers to take full advantage of signal-generation capabilities and makes custom waveform creation fast and simple.
PathWave BenchVue software provides easy-to-use creation tools, such as an equation editor and waveform math and drawing tools, so that you can create custom signals. Plug and play functionality enables you to connect your instrument to your PC and immediately control it in BenchVue.
When you open BenchVue and connect to your waveform generator, you will see your waveform generator's graphical instrument control window, as shown below (Figure 1). Using its graphical user interface, you can easily set up normal sine, square, ramp, pulse, triangle, noise, PRBS, and DC waveforms with desired parameters
Figure 1
Figure 1. BenchVue's waveform generator application
BenchVue function generator software allows you to integrate with other types of instruments such as an oscilloscope, digital multimeter, frequency counter, data acquisition system, and more. While the instrument itself can generate all the waveforms needed, BenchVue can do the same. It enables you to quickly configure the most commonly used measurements and setups for each instrument family. Rapidly build custom test sequences with the integrated Test Flow app to automate and visualize test results without the need for instrument programming.
By clicking the arbitrary waveform button as shown in Figure 1, you will launch a Keysight Waveform Builder Pro application. You can visualize multiple measurements simultaneously and analyze results within BenchVue. You can easily log and export data and screen images in just a few clicks for faster analysis. Overall, this software tool helps you save time and helps promote better collaboration with your colleagues and managers.
A waveform builder editor window pops up when you click on the "create Arb" button, as shown in Figure 2. You can create basic waveforms, advance waveforms, and even use the computer to draw custom waveforms.\
Figure 2
Figure 2. Keysight's 33503A waveform builder window
The Waveform Builder Pro software is linked to BenchVue for quick, custom waveform creation. It is incredibly versatile which provides easy-to-use creation tools that come with a library of built-in basic and advanced waveforms to choose from, an equation editor to generate waveforms through simple or complex mathematic functions, and drawing tools to create custom signals.
The software also provides a waveform sequencer, filters, and windowing functions, allowing you to modify and define your waveform easily. With this software, you get advanced signal creation and editing capabilities without spending hours programming.
You can also create waveforms using the equation editor (Figure 3). You can build your math equation by simply selecting the math functions and operators, evaluate and preview your equation graphically before loading it into your waveform generator.
Figure 3
Figure 3. Waveform Builder's equation editor
The software also provides a waveform sequencer so you can sequence multiple different waveforms together. You can set the waveform order and make segments repeat as many times as you want.
Conclusion
You can do many things with BenchVue's software to save time and achieve faster results — all without ever having to write a computer program. Creating and editing waveforms using PathWave BenchVue Waveform Builder Pro software enables you to take full advantage of signal-generation capabilities and makes custom waveform creation fast and simple.
If you need more advanced creation capabilities, check out the PathWave BenchVue software, available for download here: _URL_
To learn more about Keysight's Trueform waveform and function generators, go to _URL_
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location of the hot water event in relation to the source of hot water?
- How long is the time until the next hot water event?
- What is the temperature of the hot water needed for that subsequent event?
- What is the volume of water in the pipe that eventually cools down?
Going back to trunks, branches and twigs, all hot water distribution systems have some combination of these. The worst configuration from the water and energy perspective is to have a high volume system characterized by long, large diameter trunks, long, large diameter branches and long twigs. The best configuration would be a low volume system characterized by short, small volume trunks, no branches and short twigs. To achieve this configuration means carefully determining the location of all fixtures in relationship to one water heater, or having multiple water heaters as will be described in the section on Point-of-Use Water Heaters. The next best system would be to have a reasonable volume trunk and short twigs. This provides for greater flexibility in the relationship between the water heater(s) and the fixtures, while still minimizing the volume of water in each twig.
Standard main and branch systems generally have large volume trunks, medium volume branches and relatively small volume twigs. The distance (volume) from the water heater to the fixtures varies from close to far (small volume to large volume). If the first hot water event is close to the water heater, then hot water will flow through the trunk line to the branch line to the twig serving that fixture. If the next hot water event is located at the far end of the trunk line, then the source of hot water will be the point on the trunk line where the water branched off to serve the first event, assuming, of course, that the water in the pipe hasn't cooled to below the temperature needed for the second hot water event. If the first hot water event was at the furthest fixture, then the hot water would already be at the branch line serving the closest fixture, assuming that the time between hot water events is short enough that the temperature in the pipes was still hot enough.
Once the temperature in the pipes drops below the desired temperature for the next hot water event, it is necessary to replace all of the water in the pipes that is not hot enough with water that is. As was discussed earlier, at a minimum, this will be the volume of water that is in the pipe between the source of hot water and the fixture. The amount that needs to be removed can be significantly more than this, both for structural reasons and for behavioral ones…if people have to wait long enough, they leave, coming back to see if the water is hot when they are good and ready to do so.
While the examples given above are based on single family dwellings, the principles are equally applicable to multi-family and non-residential applications. For example, in multi-family buildings with recirculation systems, depending on how the plumbing is configured, there may be a branch line serving each apartment or there may be individual twigs serving each fixture off a trunk line.
The time between hot water events, the location of the next hot water event and the temperature needed for the next hot water event are all unknowns. They are essentially random and the possibilities are practically infinite. However, all of the possibilities default into two choices; either the temperature of the water in the pipes is hot enough for the next hot water event or it is not. Since it is unknown what the desired temperature for the next event will be, it makes sense to design systems to provide for hottest typical event, say 105o to 110oF, suitable for a shower.
The volume of water in the pipes is determined by the location of the fixtures and appliances in relationship to the water heater(s). The greater the length, the higher the flow rate and the more fixtures served by the same pipe, the greater the volume that pipe needs to be. Plumbing codes must be followed when determining the diameter of the pipes supply hot water to the fixtures. The purpose of good engineering and the codes is to ensure that there is enough pressure at each fixture so that it operates properly under a variety of conditions.
Given these considerations, the volume of water on the supply side of a hot water distribution system is effectively predetermined. As shown earlier in Figures 5 and 6, the same amount of insulation keeps a larger diameter pipe hotter longer than a smaller diameter pipe. However, the larger the diameter, the more water that will eventually cool down if the time between hot water events is long enough. The energy it took to heat this water will effectively be lost.
A balance needs to be struck between the volume of the water that is in the supply piping and the fact that the energy it took to heat that water will be lost when the water in the pipes eventually cools down (which it will always do if the time between hot water events is long enough). While this can be addressed relatively easily in new construction (or a major remodel where the piping configuration can be changed), it is much harder to do so in retrofit.
Single trunk and branch systems are the simplest to fix and the ones where the benefits in terms of water and energy will be greatest. This is because once the trunk line is primed with hot water, the volume to the fixture is reduced to what remains in the branch and twig that serves the fixture. Since all fixtures are served by some combination of branches and twigs that emanate from the main trunk line, all fixtures will benefit to a greater or lesser degree by priming the main trunk line.
The most difficult plumbing configuration to fix will be manifold systems. These systems are characterized by a trunk line of some volume, hopefully small, and twigs serving individual fixtures. If there are many fixtures with relatively large volume twigs, there will be many problem areas that need to be addressed.
In new construction, it is possible to address both the location of the fixtures and the layout of the plumbing that will serve those fixtures. Stacking hot water fixtures, locating them back-to-back and grouping them close together and near the water heater minimizes the total plumbing required. This is true for the hot and cold water supply as well as for the drain system. However, efficiently locating the plumbing fixtures is often not the primary criteria when designing a building layout.
The key to reducing the waste of water for the next hot water event is to minimize the volume of water between the source of hot water and the fixture that is not hot enough to perform the task at hand. Insulated trunk lines, which are relatively large in diameter, stay hot a relatively long time. Once the trunk line is hot enough, then the volume of water between the trunk line and the individual fixtures becomes the next critical value. The smaller the volume of the water contained in these sections of pipe, the less water that will be wasted at the beginning of the next hot water event.
Technologies and PBMPs
Point-of-Use Water Heaters
The principle behind point-of-use water heaters is to locate the heater(s) close to each fixture or appliance so that when hot water is desired, the waste of water, energy, and time until hot water arrives is minimized. Each point-of-use water heater needs to be sized properly for the one or more fixtures that it will serve. Many people are familiar with the devices that are intended to heat a small amount of water at the kitchen sink. While appropriate for that use, they are not capable of supplying one or more gallons per minute of hot water for continuous use at a sink or shower and they do not have the capacity to provide the hot water for a dishwasher or washing machine cycle.
Hiller (ASHRAE-Hiller, 2005) reports that beyond a certain distance, adding another water heater may be more energy-efficient than running the plumbing from a single water heater. This conclusion is based on the results of laboratory tests that studied the heat loss characteristics of ½- and ¾-inch piping. This paper compares the energy lost in the piping to the energy lost by the water heater, both over the course of the day. Hiller found that larger diameter pipe, less insulation on the pipe, and more efficient water heaters translate into a shorter distance before the energy losses from another water heater are equal to the energy losses of the intervening piping. This was true for both trunk and branch piping layouts and for recirculation system layouts.
The CEC approaches the question somewhat differently. In the 2005 Title 24 Building Energy Efficiency Standards Residential Compliance Manual (CEC-Shirakah, 2005) a point-of-use hot water distribution system is one with no more than eight (8) feet of horizontal distance between the water heater and hot water fixtures, except in the laundry. The CEC considers this type of distribution system to be somewhat more efficient than the standard hot water distribution system. To get credit for this when building a house, there can only be one such system in the building - one water heater serving all fixtures and appliances.
There are several issues with installing point-of-use water heaters. These have been well described by Klein (IAPMO-Klein, 2005b) as follows:
- The cost of running gas piping or electrical wiring to each point-of-use water heater instead of running plumbing pipe to the same location. In general it always costs less to install the same length of plumbing.
- The cost of installing additional flues if gas is the water heating fuel.
- The related problems of how to install a flue for the island sink in the kitchen when the floor is a slab-on-grade.
- The cost of each additional water heater. If the additional water heat


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So far, you've just defined the slider content. The next step is to actually define a slider.
You can define as many sliders as you want, each with different content, and each with a different name. It can simplify things if you use the same name for the Slider Posts post that defined the gallery, and the corresponding Slider definition – e.g., "Colorado".
To define a slider, open the dashboard Weaver Posts/Slider admin page, and open the Sliders tab. In the Select Slider box, enter the name of the slider (Colorado) in the "Enter name for new slider" box, and click the Create New Slider button.


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Begin Again Toys Dinosaur A-Z Puzzle
Click Image for Gallery
The 26 piece friendly Stegosaurus teaches letters with fun puzzle play. Once built this stegosaurus can stand on his own for more play fun. This brightly stained puzzle is carefully crafted from plantation grown rubber wood and is sure to bring hours of fun and learning to your preschooler. The Dinosaur A to Z Puzzle comes with an easy clean up storage box made from Beech wood.
- 2 puzzles in 1
- Teaches alphabet and letter recognition: both upper and lower case
- Made from eco friendly materials: Natural Rubber wood stained with child safe stains, box made from Beech wood


Articles advice from Josh
/ How To Do Needy Things Without Appearing Needy
Here are 6 ways to take needy actions without seeming needy to women.
Those of you who subscribe to my newsletter will have received an article about neediness and how it is pretty much the biggest turn off to women. However, sometimes, we simply need to (or want to) take some action that is needy. For instance, confirming a date. Confirming a date is, technically, a needy task; however, it is also a necessity given how flaky women generally are. Here are 6 common needy actions we like to take and how you can do take them in a non-needy way.
1. Confirming a date
Confirming a date is a necessity. Unfortunately, it is also needy behavior. How do you get around appearing needy when confirming a date. The best way to confirm a date without being needy is to make a small change in the actual date and use that as the excuse to make contact. For example, if you planned a date at 8pm at XYZ, text her the day off with a message like this: "Hey there, I'm running a bit behind today, let's do 8:15 instead of 8pm." You don't have to ask if the date is still on to confirm a date, you simply need to ping her with a reminder which will then prompt her to either confirm or flake. Don't ever call someone to confirm a date because if she doesn't pick up you will be left in a nebulous situation of wondering if she will check her messages, being super needy by calling again or doing what you should have done in the first place, which is just sending a text.
2. Ask a girl out
Asking a girl out is sometimes a source of extremely needy behavior but it shouldn't be. The proper way to ask a girl out is first to attract her (see my article on asking a girl out) and then worrying about how to actually go about it. The general rule is, once you establish some interest in meeting up, to propose a time and a place. Don't ask when she is free or what she wants to do (though sometimes this does make sense (see point 3 below), simply suggest a time and place and see how she responds.
3. A date at your place
Asking a girl out is one thing, but getting a girl to come over is another. I generally try to arrange a second date at my apartment. However, sometimes this might come off as "too forward" which can be misconstrued by women as "needy". (Yes, sometimes being overly aggressive can be mistaken for neediness). When I am trying to get her to meet at my place, the way I do it without neediness is to either propose two options (one at my place one somewhere else nearby) or to first ask her "if she has anything in mind" for the second date. Her response will almost always be "I'm up for whatever" which then makes it much easier to propose meeting at your place and makes it much harder for her to say no.
4. Buying Gifts
Gift buying, while nice, can often come off as very needy if not done at the right time. Read my article about gift buying to learn how to do this without appearing too needy. The general rule (and it is a good one to follow) is sex before any gift giving.
5. Refusal to escalate physically
If things in the sex and intimacy department are moving too slowly for you, there are needy and non-needy ways to address it. "Begging" or begging like behavior to get sex is very unattractive and will probably lower your odds of getting further. The best way to increase intimacy is arranging dates at your place and if she doesn't want to, play it cool, agree to a date elsewhere, but then cancel. She will get the message. If the problem occurs once you are in the bedroom, don't beg, either stop hooking up cold turkey making it seem like it was your idea to not go further or appeal to her comfort level (ask her why she isn't comfortable with you or what she is afraid of, not why she doesn't want to hook up).
6. Texting, IMing, and calling
A lot of men ruin it with women because they start texting, IM'ing, and calling the girl they had one date with more than they do their own mother or best friend. This is a very easy way to scare a woman off. The obvious solution to this problem is to simply not engage in random back and forth texts and instead only text, IM, or call to set up the next date. If she is the one who initiates, don't fall into the trap of engaging too often. Keep conversations short and try to turn them into arranging meetings.
There are many behaviors that are canonically needy and there is no good way to be "non-needy" about them. However, the 6 actions above can appear needy or non-needy, depending on how you execute. Always execute in the non-needy manner.
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Building an Arch
An arch is a great means of linking two separate spaces, creating a doorway between one garden 'room' and another, or showcasing plants like climbers.
1. Lay two of the posts and one of the 50 mm crossbeams on the ground in an upside down 'U' shape and measure and mark where you need to drill through them to bolt the crossbeam to the posts. Drill and bolt them together.
2. Screw a temporary 20 mm crossbeam onto the posts. Apart from keeping the posts the right distance apart, the temporary beams will help when moving the finished arch into place.
3. Stack the bracing planks together and mark and drill 5 mm holes through both ends of all of them in one go.
4. Measure and mark on the posts and 50 mm crossbeam where to place the braces (three need to go on the crossbeam and one each ±800 mm from the bottom of the posts). Drill holes into the posts and crossbeam and screw one end of the braces onto them.
5. Follow the same procedure with the remaining posts and crossbeams, ending by screwing the opposite ends of the braces into them. You now have your arch.
6. Drill holes at 200 mm intervals up the posts in order to weave wire to support climbing plants. Use an eye-bolt and turnbuckle to tension the wire.
7. Treat the arch feet with a waterproofing product to prevent rotting and extend the arch's lifespan. Your arch is now ready to go into the ground.
8. Mark and measure where you want to place it and dig 400 mm deep holes for its feet.
9. Mix one part cement with four parts river sand and enough water for a porridge-like consistency. Fill the holes two-thirds of the way up with the mixture. Push the feet of your arch into the cement, checking with a spirit level that the crossbeams are horizontal. Leave overnight to dry, then back-fill. Remove the temporary crossbeams.
10. Prime the wooden parts of the arch with universal undercoat or wood primer, leave to dry, then paint with two coats of exterior, high-exposure paint in the colour of your choice.


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NASA Science Research Mentoring Program
The NASA Science Research Mentoring Program (NASA SRMP) is an established mentoring program that presents the wonders of space exploration and planetary sciences to underserved high school students from New York City through cutting-edge, research-based courses and authentic research opportunities, using the rich resources of the American Museum of Natural History. NASA SRMP consists of a year of Earth and Planetary Science (EPS) and Astrophysics electives offered through the Museum's After School Program, year-long mentorship placements with Museum research scientists, and summer programming through our education partners at City College of New York and the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies. The primary goals of the project are: 1) to motivate and prepare high school students, especially those underrepresented in science, technology, engineering and math (STEM) fields, to pursue STEM careers related to EPS and astrophysics; 2) to develop a model and strategies that can enrich the informal education field; and 3) to engage research scientists in education and outreach programs. The program features five in-depth elective courses, offered twice per year (for a total of 250 student slots per year). Students pursue these preparatory courses during the 10th or 11th grade, and a select number of those who successfully complete three of the courses are chosen the next year to conduct research with a Museum scientist. In addition to providing courses and mentoring placements, the program has produced curricula for the elective courses, an interactive student and instructor website for each course, and teacher and mentor training outlines.
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1. Start by drawing the center stem, then the "seed" oval, then the overall top shape around it. Draw more small mushrooms as space allows, and add the snail on top.
2. Trace all the outside lines with a black permanent marker.
3. Add decoration crayon lines and spots on the mushroom tops and snail shell.
4. Paint all with watercolor paints. My sample was painted with Blue, Yellow Orange, and Green Liquid Watercolor Paints from Dick Blick.


How to Find a Master Link on a Bike Chain | Just 5 Steps
If you have a bike chain with a master link, removing the chain without disassembling the entire thing is easy. Master links are designed to be removable, and they make it easy to reconnect the chain later. However, removing the chain can be more difficult if you don't know where the master link is. You'll need to disassemble the entire chain in order to remove it. Here's a quick guide if you're not sure how to find a master link on a bike chain.
What Is A Master Link, And What Does It Do?
What Is A Master Link, And What Does It Do
A master link is a small metal connector that holds two ends of a chain together. Master links come in two parts: the outer and inner plates. The outer container has teeth that fit into corresponding slots on the inner plate. The inner plate also has teeth that fit into slots on the outer plate.
The master link is what allows you to remove the chain without having to disassemble the entire thing. You need to remove the master link, and the chain will come apart. You can then reconnect the chain by putting the master link back.
How to Find a Master Link on a Bike Chain: Step-By-Step Guide
Here's a quick step-by-step guide on how to find a master link on a bike chain:
1. Set Your Bike:
Place your bike on a work stand or Flip the bike over to face up the chain.
2. Examine The Chain:
Look closely at the chain and try to find the master link. The master link will have two plates with teeth that fit into corresponding slots on the other plate.
3. Check The Connections:
Disconnect one end of the chain and reconnect it if you are having trouble finding the master link. This will help you to identify which link is the master link.
4. Try The Master Link Tool:
If you're still having trouble finding the master link, try using a master link tool. This tool is designed to help you remove the master link from the chain.
5. Check The Instructions:
If you're still having trouble finding the master link, consult the bike's owner's manual. The manual should have instructions on how to remove the chain.
How to Remove a Bike Chain with a Master Link?
How to Remove a Bike Chain with a Master Link
Once you've found the master link, removing the chain is a quick and easy process. Here's a short guide on how to draw a bike chain with a master link:
1. Get Your Bike Ready:
Place your bike on a work stand or Flip the bike over to face up the chain.
2. Open The Master Link:
Use your fingers to open the master link. You may need to use a pair of needle-nose pliers to help you spread the link.
3. Remove The Chain:
Once the master link is open, remove the chain from the bike. You may need to wiggle the chain a bit to get it off.
4. Reconnect The Chain:
Put the two ends together and close the master link to reconnect the chain. You may need to use needle-nose pliers to help you complete the connection.
5. Test The Chain:
Before you ride your bike, test the chain to ensure its secure. Try pedaling the bike and shifting through the gears. If the chain feels loose or comes off, adjust the master link accordingly.
Why Would I Want To Remove My Chain?
There are a few reasons you might want to remove your bike chain. Here are a few of the most common reasons:
1. Cleaning:
One of the most common reasons for removing a bike chain is to clean it. When you remove the chain, you can clean it more thoroughly. This will help to extend the life of the chain.
2. Repair:
If a link in the chain is damaged, you'll need to remove the chain in order to repair it. Some links can be replaced, while others will need to be repaired with a chain tool.
3. Upgrading:
Upgrading
If you're upgrading your bike, you may need to remove the old chain and install a new one. This is especially common if you're upgrading to a different type of chain.
4. Replacement:
If the chain is worn out, you'll need to remove it and replace it with a new one. For most bikes, you'll need to replace the chain every 1,000 miles or so.
5. Storage:
If you're storing your bike for an extended period of time, you may want to remove the chain. This will help to prevent the chain from rusting.
6. Shipping:
If you're shipping your bike, you'll need to remove the chain. This will help to prevent the chain from being damaged during shipping.
7. Maintenance:
If you're performing maintenance on your bike, you may need to remove the chain. This will give you access to the bike parts that you need to service.
8. Troubleshooting:
If you're having problems with your bike, removing the chain may help you troubleshoot the problem. By removing the chain, you can isolate the problem and find a solution.
9. Safety:
If you're concerned about safety, removing the chain may help to ease your mind. By removing the chain, you can ensure that it doesn't come loose and cause an accident.
10. Aesthetics:
If you want to customize the look of your bike, removing the chain can help you do that. You can add a different color chain or even remove the chain altogether.
How to Store a Bike Chain?
How to Store a Bike Chain
If you're removing your chain for storage, there are a few things you'll need to do to make sure it's stored properly. Here are a few tips:
1. Clean The Chain:
Before you store the chain, make sure to clean it thoroughly. This will help to prevent the chain from rusting.
2. Lubricate The Chain:
Once the chain is clean, apply a light coat of lubricant. This will help keep the chain from rusting and make it easier to install when you're ready to ride again.
3. Wrap The Chain:
Once the chain is lubricated, wrap it in a clean cloth. This will help to protect the chain from dirt and debris.
4. Store The Chain:
Store the chain in a cool, dry place. Avoid storing the chain in direct sunlight or in an area where it will be exposed to moisture.
5. Inspect The Chain:
Before you ride your bike again, inspect the chain to make sure it's in good condition. If the chain is rusty or damaged, replace it with a new one.
You should have no trouble removing and storing your bike chain with these tips. By taking the time to remove and store your chain correctly, you can extend the life of your chain and keep your bike running smoothly.
FAQ's
What Should I Do If the Chain Falls off While I'm Riding?
If the chain falls off while you're riding, stop and inspect the chain. If the chain is damaged, replace it with a new one. If the chain is not damaged, you can try to reconnect it. If you can't reconnect the chain, you'll need to replace it.
How Often Should I Change my Bike Chain?
How Often Should I Change my Bike Chain
Most bikes will need a new chain every 2,000 miles or so. However, this can vary depending on the type of bike and the conditions it's ridden in. If you ride in dirty or wet conditions, you may need to replace the chain frequently.
My Bike Chain Is Making A Noise. What Should I Do?
Make sure the bike chain isn't making any noises. Replace the damaged chain with a new one if it is damaged. You will be able to adjust the damaged chain if it is still in good condition. You will need to replace the chain if you are unable to change it.
What's the Best Way To Clean My Bike Chain?
The best way to clean your bike chain is to remove it and soak it in a degreaser. Once the chain is clean, apply a light coat of lubricant.
How Do I Know If My Bike Chain Is Worn Out?
If your bike chain is stretched or damaged, it's time to replace it. You can use a chain checker tool to measure the wear on your chain. If the device indicates that the chain is worn, it's time to replace it.
Conclusion
Now that you know how to remove and store your bike chain, you can keep your bike running smoothly for years to come. By regularly cleaning and lubricating your chain, you can prevent it from rusting or becoming damaged. And if something does go wrong, you now know how to fix it yourself. Thanks for reading.
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Effects of maximum void size and aggregate characteristics on the strength of mortar
Review articleOpen access
L.I. Knab - No affiliation found
1983/05/01 Full-length article DOI: 10.1016/0008-8846(83)90038-8
Journal: Cement and Concrete Research
AbstractThe effects of the maximum void size and aggregate shape and roughness on the flexural strength of high strength mortar were investigated. Substantial reductions in the maximum void size and air content of quartz aggregate mortars resulted in flexural strength increases. These increases in flexural strength were somewhat lower than predicted by Griffith's theory, thus suggesting that the maximum void size did not act as the critical flaw controlling the flexural strength. Factors relating to the cement-aggregate bond, including aggregate shape and roughness, appeared to affect the flexural strength more than the maximum void size.
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A according to new trade theory achieving economies of scale is the development of national competitive advantage the determinants of national. Diamond model - competitive advantage of are important determinants of national this model can be used to assess competitive advantage of the national. The world health organisation (who) defines the social determinants of health (sdoh) as the conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work and age these. Choice of policies can influence each of the 4 determinants successful policies work in those industries where underlying determinants of national advantage are. This model of determining factors of national advantage has become four determinants: porters diamond: can achieve national advantages in an.
Comparative advantage is a dynamic concept meaning that it changes over time what are the main sources of comparative advantage for a country, some of the factors. Advertisements: micheal porter gave the diamond theory of national advantage these factors are called the determinants of the national advantage. Porter's chapter summaries – chapter 3: determinants of determinants of national advantage government's real role in national competitive advantage is. Determinants of comparative advantage in up on average almost 25 of their national sources of comparative advantage in services and. This national bureau of economic research working paper sets foundational competitiveness as the expected level of output per working-age individual that is supported by the overall quality. Michael porters theory of national competitive advantage theory of national competitive advantage is in determinants of national advantage.
This paper examines the determinants of competitive advantage and success from a national perspective what the determinants of competitive advantage are in. To investigate why nations gain competitive advantage in particular industries and the implications for company strategy and national economies, i conducted a four. Answer to which of the following is true about the determinants of national competitive advantage a vigorous competitive riva. Establishing a holistic framework to reduce on social determinants of health, 2010 national center a holistic framework to reduce inequities.
Determinants of national advantage determinants of national advantage i factor conditions ii factors of production eg skilled labour, infrastructure required. Determinants of national men's football team performance determinants of national men's football team • home advantage as a variable equal to 1 if. Stronger with the presence of supporting national advantage determinants such as factors of productions, demand conditions, related and supporting industries.
Measuring the competitive advantage of the porter determined that there are four main determinants of national competitive advantage. The determinants of national competitiveness mercedes delgado, christian ketels, michael e porter, scott stern nber working paper no 18249 issued in july 2012.
Academiaedu is a platform for academics to share research papers. Porter introduced the diamond model of national competitive advantage identified four determinants in attaining a national competitive advantage he concludes. Determinants of national competitive advantage porters diamond _PHONE_ 17 what from mgt 302 at arizona state university. Faculty of management master of business administration international business management assignment on porter's diamond theory determinants: national.


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About the Norwegian Garnes name and the pronunciation:
Here in Norway we have at least two places called Garnes. They are not cities, but small places by the coastline. One close to the Bergen, and another close Ålesund. My family name origins from the latter. In Norwegian the name Garnes actually means something. "Gar" os "gard" means farm, and "nes" means headland. So it was as simple as a farm on some headland in the beginning. And since this is not so uncommon here, several places got the same name.
Now to the other spelling - "garnaas". This is actually another name, with another meaning and origin. "Garn" means "net", like in fishing net, but may also mean "yarn, thread, (knitting) wool, cotton (yarn)". "Aas" or "ås" means "hill" or "ridge", but may also mean "God" - the old norse gods that is.
There are around 4-5 places in Norway called "Garnaas" or "Garnås", and these are mainly located inland - not by the coast like the "garnes" farms. This may point in the direction of knitting wool and not fishing net, but this is only guessing. Maybe some norwegian called Garnaas can help?
The letter å (an a with a ring on top) is sometimes written as "aa", and I _think_ americans could say "aww" or "awe" to get the pronunciation correct.
426 norwegians are called Garnes 68 norwegians are called Garnås 43 norwegians are called Garnaas


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Guided Self-Change Healthy Lifestyles Program. The Guided Self-Change (GSC) Healthy Lifestyles outpatient program at Nova Southeastern University's (NSU) College of Psychology offers a unique short-term, evidence-based,
The GSC program is a motivational cognitive-behavioral harm reduction treatment that was established in 1984 in Canada by Drs. Linda and Mark Sobell and brought to Nova Southeastern University in 1996. Both Dr. Linda Sobell and Dr. Mark Sobell
Services are offered for individuals concerned about their use of alcohol, other drugs (prescribed and non-prescribed), and tobacco products. The program also offers services for individuals who want to develop a healthier lifestyle, lose weight, exercise more, quit smoking cigarettes, quit gambling, deal with sleep difficulties, and reduce internet or video game use. This evidence-based, motivational harm reduction program empowers people to take responsibility for their own change and utilize personal strengths for setting and achieving goals.
The program has been evaluated in over 12 clinical studies. Services are available in English and Spanish. A sliding fee scale is available. The number of sessions is variable and is determined by individual needs.
Individuals who are interested in services or more information can call the program directly at _PHONE_ or email us at _EMAIL_. Individuals are usually seen within 24-48 hours of their first call to the program. The program is open Monday through Thursday 9 am to 8 pm and Friday 9 am to 5 pm.
Se ofrece terapia en inglés y español.