text:
Questions about how plants die leads to climate change answers
- Michelle Espy
- Applied Modern Physics
- Sanna Sevanto
- Earth System Observations
How trees die in drought key to plant, climate change questions
How plants die during drought is one of the largest uncertainties in determining how plants will succumb to changing climate.
LANL researchers Michelle Espy, Jesse Resnick, and Igor Savukov of Applied Modern Physics and Nathan McDowell and Sanna Sevanto of Earth System Observations have observed, for the first time, that water content can be monitored non-invasively and unobtrusively in intact trees via ultra-low field (ULF) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR).
Non-invasive method studies plant function and mortality
As expected, water content correlates with the NMR signal. During three days of continuously monitoring an aspen tree suffering from drought, the researchers saw evidence of changes in water content for day versus night, as well as the overall decline in water content as the tree's health declined.
Although high field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been used for in vivo water measurements, the research represents a first in vivo application of the ULF-NMR method to the study of plant function and mortality.
Ultra-low field nuclear magnetic resonance instrumentation can be made simple and portable and adapts non-invasively to the tree. The work demonstrates that the combination of LANL's unique abilities in ULF magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and climate-driven vegetation mortality research can provide understanding of plant function and mortality.
Understanding mechanisms of plant mortality helps future climate forecasting
The scientists' goal is to provide basic insights into questions such as how plants die, especially during drought. While the question of plant mortality is easy to conceptualize, it is difficult to study because of the spatial and temporal variation of processes over the plant.
Understanding these mechanisms of mortality, especially the tipping points, will provide important input to forecasts of future climate because current models cannot simulate vegetation change and related climate effects. The LANL research represents a first step towards fieldable, non-invasive monitoring to answer these fundamental questions.
Work is first look into how water movement changes in a tree
Additional validation with traditionally accepted environmental methods is underway. If validated, the work appears to represent a first non-invasive look at how water movement changes inside an aspen tree over time and during the onset of mortality using the ULF-NMR method.


-29.985 I 6.015
Now determine the direction in which you'd have to move the center point of the 3D image to align it with the 2D image. For our tutorial image, we need to make the following changes: 6.88 R, 0.504 P, 6.015 I. This should be relatively straightforward from an examination of the landmark coordinates for the two images and the differences between them.
Finally, make appropriate additions and subtractions from the current center points (see Centering above)
For the tutorial data:
X: (A-P) _PHONE_-0.504=_PHONE_
Y: (S-I) _PHONE_-6.015=_PHONE_
Z: (L-R) 96.45-6.88=89.57
To make the actual changes as calculated, use 3drefit. Here is the command you'll want to enter for the tutorial data:
>3drefit -xorigin _PHONE_ -yorigin _PHONE_ -zorigin 89.57 brain3d+orig.BRIK
Sometimes this takes a few tries to get it right. You should end up being able to move the crosshairs around on the two images and get similar xyz coordinates.


text:
ULS IR Lamps are made of high-quality quartz tubes and feature a gold reflector for highest efficiency. The Twin Tube design gives the lamps a higher radiation density and improved mechanical stability. They are available as short-wave, medium-wave and fast medium-wave infrared emitters. This allows you to choose the optimal wavelength for the material to be heated. Dimensions and filaments are fabricated to meet your requirements.
Industrial infrared heaters often use a gold coating on the quartz tube that reflects the infrared radiation and directs it towards the product to be heated. Consequently, the infrared radiation impinging on the product is virtually doubled. Gold is used because of its oxidation resistance and very high IR reflectivity of approximately 95%.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Python: Calculate body mass index - w3resource
w3resource
Python: Calculate body mass index
Python Basic: Exercise-66 with Solution
Write a Python program to calculate body mass index.
Pictorial Presentation:
Calculate body mass index
Sample Solution:-
Python Code:
height = float(input("Input your height in Feet: "))
weight = float(input("Input your weight in Kilogram: "))
print("Your body mass index is: ", round(weight / (height * height), 2))
Sample Output:
Input your height in Feet: 6
Input your weight in Kilogram: 65
Your body mass index is: 1.81
Flowchart:
Flowchart: Calculate body mass index.
Visualize Python code execution:
The following tool visualize what the computer is doing step-by-step as it executes the said program:
Python Code Editor:

Have another way to solve this solution? Contribute your code (and comments) through Disqus.
Previous: Write a Python program to convert seconds to day, hour, minutes and seconds.
Next: Write a Python program to convert pressure in kilopascals to pounds per square inch,a millimeter of mercury (mmHg) and atmosphere pressure.
What is the difficulty level of this exercise?
Test your Programming skills with w3resource's quiz.
Python: Tips of the Day
Clamps num within the inclusive range specified by the boundary values x and y:
Example:
def tips_clamp_num(num,x,y):
 return max(min(num, max(x, y)), min(x, y))
print(tips_clamp_num(2, 4, 6))
print(tips_clamp_num(1, -1, -6))
Output:
4
-1


text:
Cells grown in culture are often used to investigate the role of organelles. As culture conditions can be easily manipulated, cells can be subjected to different chemicals and their responses studied and analyzed. In one such experiment, mouse cells were incubated in the presence of high concentrations of sucrose. The cells were examined under the microscope. Crystals of sucrose were found in the lysosomes of all the cells. When sucrose was depleted from the culture medium, the sucrose crystals in the lysosomes persisted for many days, but did not affect the growth of the cells. Eventually, the sucrose crystals disappeared. The rate of disappearance is shown in the graph below (note: all graphs are the same scale).
Researchers performed two additional experiments:
Immediately after sucrose was removed from the culture medium, the enzyme invertase was added. Invertase catalyzes the cleavage of sucrose into monosaccharides. The cells were then examined for the presence of sucrose crystals. The results are shown below.
Mouse cells grown in the presence of invertase (cell type A) were mixed with cells grown in the presence of sucrose (cell type B). A reagent that fuses cells was also added to the culture. After fusion, the cells (cell type AB) were grown in the absence of sucrose. The cells were then examined for the presence of sucrose crystals. The results are shown below.
Another sugar, mannose, was added to mouse cells, and mannose crystals formed inside lysosomes. Similar to sucrose crystals, the mannose crystals disappeared in a few days after the sugar was removed from the medium. If invertase were added to the culture immediately after mannose was removed, what would you predict would happen?
|A||The mannose crystals would disappear in less than two days.|
|B||The mannose crystals would disappear within a few days.|
|C||Sucrose crystals would form.|
|D||Mannose crystals would appear in the cytoplasm.|
Recall that enzymes are specific for their substrates. Invertase would probably not catalyze the break down of mannose. Therefore, even in the presence of invertase, the mannose crystals would take several days to be eliminated from the cells.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


Siebel Business Process Framework: Task UI Guide > Task UI Concepts > UI Elements Used in Task UI >
Applet Message
An applet message is a free-flowing text control which presents a mix of hard-coded, static text strings and dynamic data from the Siebel database, filled in at run time. An applet message is presented as a continuous, wrapped line of text. Applet messages are similar to the personalization text which appears on home pages. You can use applet messages to provide instructions to the end user performing the task. For example, in the Siebel Call Center application, an applet message may represent a block of text to be read by a customer service representative (the end user), when addressing a customer.
You specify the static text at design time. The dynamic data is derived from business component fields and, at run time, it becomes part of the applet message the end user sees while moving through the task.
NOTE: The format of the text in the applet message is not editable.
An applet message, as a user interface control, is statically positioned within the task applet. It differs from other control types (such as Text or Field) by always displaying its content as read-only, and not inside a box or border in the user interface.
Figure 3 shows an example of an applet message. In this example, the values for status, account, and the name and number of the agreement are dynamic.
Figure 3. Sample Applet Message
Click for full size image
For more information on how to configure an applet message, see Configuring Applet Messages.


text:
The art and science of aviation encompass a multitude of factors, and one of the most fascinating yet often misunderstood elements is ground effect. Ground effect plays a significant role in aircraft operations, especially during takeoff and landing. In this blog post, we will focus on its role during the landing phase and explore how it acts as a cushion of safety for aircraft during their descent.
Understanding Ground Effect
Ground effect is a phenomenon in aerodynamics that occurs when an aircraft is in close proximity to the ground. It is a zone in which the ground interferes with the airflow patterns underneath the aircraft. This interference results in a reduction of induced drag and an increase in lift, leading to changes in an aircraft's performance.
Key characteristics of ground effect include:
- Lift Augmentation: Ground effect provides an additional lift component, which reduces the aircraft's angle of attack and, consequently, the drag. This increase in lift allows the aircraft to maintain a lower descent rate while keeping the same airspeed.
- Reduced Drag: The reduction in induced drag is especially important in the context of landing. Pilots can maintain airspeed with minimal power, which enables a shallower approach and smoother landing.
- Altitude Range: Ground effect occurs within a height approximately equal to the aircraft's wingspan above the ground. For most aircraft, this translates to a range of about one-half wingspan above the runway surface.
The Landing Approach and Ground Effect
During the landing phase, aircraft experience the full effects of ground effect as they transition from the final approach to the flare and touchdown. Understanding how ground effect influences this phase is crucial for safe and efficient landings:
- Approach Angle: As the aircraft descends on the final approach, it enters the ground effect zone. The aircraft's approach angle, or descent angle, can become shallower due to the additional lift generated in ground effect. This allows for a smoother and more controlled descent.
- Reduced Descent Rate: Ground effect enables a reduction in the aircraft's descent rate while maintaining the same approach speed. Pilots can finesse their descent, avoiding hard landings and providing a cushion for a smooth touch down.
- Improved Control Authority: The reduced induced drag and the additional lift provided by ground effect enhance the aircraft's control authority during the landing approach. Pilots can make gentle adjustments to maintain the desired path and attitude.
- Distance to Touchdown: Ground effect can extend the distance an aircraft travels while in the flare phase. This allows the pilot to control the aircraft's descent and alignment with the runway more effectively.
Utilizing Ground Effect for Landing
Pilots must understand how to use ground effect to their advantage during the landing phase. Here are some key considerations:
- Maintain Approach Speed: To fully benefit from ground effect, pilots should maintain the recommended approach speed during the final approach. Reducing speed too early can cause the aircraft to exit ground effect prematurely.
- Flare Technique: As the aircraft enters the flare phase, the pilot should gently raise the nose to initiate the roundout while maintaining a slight descent rate. Ground effect provides the additional lift needed to cushion the landing.
- Avoid Ballooning: One common mistake is over-flaring, causing the aircraft to balloon and lose its sink rate. Maintaining proper flare technique and utilizing ground effect can prevent this.
- Visual Reference: Maintaining visual references during the landing phase is essential. Pilots use the runway's markings and other visual cues to judge their altitude and make the necessary adjustments while benefiting from ground effect.
Factors Affecting Ground Effect
Several factors can influence the strength and characteristics of ground effect during landing:
- Aircraft Type and Size: The size and wing configuration of the aircraft can impact the intensity of ground effect. Larger aircraft typically experience stronger ground effect due to their larger wingspan.
- Wingtip Devices: Aircraft equipped with wingtip devices, such as winglets or wing fences, may experience different ground effect characteristics. These devices can affect the flow of air around the wingtips.
- Aircraft Weight: The weight of the aircraft affects the strength of ground effect. Heavier aircraft generate more induced drag, and ground effect helps offset this drag more effectively.
- Altitude and Density: Ground effect is more pronounced at lower altitudes and in denser air. Pilots should be aware that ground effect may be weaker at higher elevations and in thinner air.
- Wind Conditions: Crosswinds and gusty winds can influence ground effect by disrupting the airflow patterns around the aircraft. Pilots must make adjustments to maintain control during these conditions.
While ground effect provides a cushion for landings, it also presents some challenges and safety considerations:
- Premature Flare: Pilots should avoid initiating the flare too early, as this can cause the aircraft to float excessively in ground effect, resulting in a long or late touchdown.
- Over-Reliance: Relying solely on ground effect to cushion landings can lead to complacency. Pilots must maintain proficiency in proper landing techniques and be prepared for unexpected conditions.
- Tailstrikes: Aircraft with low tail clearance may be at risk of tailstrikes when exiting ground effect. Pilots must maintain proper pitch control during the flare to prevent this.
- Wind Shear: Wind shear or sudden changes in wind direction and speed can disrupt the predictable effects of ground effect. Pilots should stay alert and be ready to adjust their technique accordingly.
Training and Proficiency
Effective use of ground effect during landing is a skill that pilots develop through training and experience. Here are some key aspects of training and proficiency:
- Flight Training: Ground effect is covered in pilot training programs, particularly during the landing phase. Simulators and flight training sessions provide opportunities for practicing landings with ground effect.
- Crosswind Landings: Crosswind landings require specific techniques and proficiency. Pilots should practice these procedures to safely handle crosswinds in ground effect.
- Recurrent Training: Regular recurrent training ensures that pilots remain proficient in using ground effect and other landing techniques.
- Aircraft Familiarity: Knowing the specific ground effect characteristics of the aircraft being flown is crucial for safe landings. Pilots should be well-acquainted with their aircraft's handling in ground effect.
- Adverse Conditions: Training should include scenarios with adverse conditions, such as gusty winds or wind shear, to prepare pilots for real-world challenges.


text:
Sep 25, 2022
We are excited that you are pursuing a secondary teaching degree. At PFW, we offer secondary teaching licenses in collaboration with several different content areas. We do this through a Dual Degree program. This means that each student earns a degree in the content area as well as a separate degree in Secondary Education. Because it is a dual degree program, we accept all 60 credits from the Ivy Tech Community College or Vincennes University TSAP program but require more than 60 credits at PFW to complete both degrees.
At the time you are admitted to PFW, you will declare your majors with the Department of Biology and the School of Education.
- Completion of the TSAP in Secondary Education - BIology A.S. degree is required for admission to the TSAP dual degree.
- No courses beyond the requirements for TSAP A.S. degree are required for admission to the B.S. in Biology program. For admission to professional education, a minimum 2.70 cumulative GPA (PFW) as well as a 2.70 cumulative GPA in your major course work with at least 50% completed in major is required.
- For graduation, a 3.00 cumulative GPA and 3.00 major GPA are required.
- All students in the B.S. with majors in Biology and Secondary Education are expected to meet the same student learning outcomes and program requirements. Additional program requirements exist for all students in the B.S. with a major in Biology and the B.S.Ed in Secondary Education. Please see program pages for additional details.
- You are responsible for satisfying the graduation requirements specified for each degree program. Thus, it is essential that you develop a thorough understanding of the required courses, academic policies and procedures governing your academic career. All requests for exceptions to specific requirements must be made in writing and may be granted only by written approval from the appropriate chairs or deans.
- List of Major courses and supporting courses required at PFW; total credits in program = 128.
Biology and Biology Elective Courses: Credits 17
- BIOL 49100 Senior Biology Seminar (counts as Gen Ed C.8) (3 cr)
- Biology electives with labs (8 cr)
- Biology electives (6 cr)
Guidelines for BIology electives:
- Take at least one course with a laboratory from each of the A and B elective courses.
- The A elective courses focus on topics regarding the intact organism and its interaction with the environment, and so are organismal, population, community, and ecosystem in nature.
- The B elective courses focus on processes acting within the organism, and thus detail molecular, cellular, and organ-system mechanisms.
- See Biology Program Description for a complete list of A-Electives and B-Electives and how they connect to the three optional Concentration areas.
Supporting Courses: Credits 18
Statistics: 6 cr
Chemistry: 8 cr
Physics: 4 cr
Education Core: Credits 27
- EDU 30600 Teaching Students with Special Needs in the Secondary Classroom (3 cr)
- EDU 40500 The Middle and Junior HIgh School (3 cr) and EDU 30100 Laboratory/Field Experience (0 cr)
- EDU 40101 Critical Reading in the Content Area (3 cr) and EDU 40100 Laboratory/Field Experience (0 cr)
- EDU 44900 Methods of Teaching Science in the Secondary Schools (3 cr)
- EDU 47500 Adolescent Development and Classroom Management (3 cr)
- EDU 48000 Student Teaching in the Secondary School (12 cr)


text:
Turning a New Page
by Pat Campbell
Turning a New Page is a research-based program that was implemented
in the Westmorland Institution in Dorchester, New Brunswick in June
2000. It is an innovative program that develops comprehension, fluency,
vocabulary, and self-esteem among prison inmates. Prior to 2000, the
inmates had resisted explicit literacy instruction. However, as the
inmates became involved in Turning a New Page, they became more willing
to receive classroom instruction.
The program involves two components: audio-taping of children's
books and literacy instruction. Inmates contribute to the literacy development
of young children in local schools by producing audiotapes of children's
books. The inmates record stories that are at their own reading level.
The audio-taping requires repeated readings. Some inmates need to read
a book up to 80 times before they can achieve an error free audiotape.
The classroom instruction focuses on comprehension strategies, vocabulary
development, and word pattern.
Over the course of two years, 65 inmates participated in Turning a
New Page. In the first year, more than 1,600 children and 56 teachers
in 20 elementary schools received complimentary children's books
and audiotapes. These resources were used in listening centers and for
guided reading. They allowed children to independently develop their
phonological awareness, and fluency.
In one year some inmates improved as much as three to four grade levels.
Engaging in repeated readings of books at their own reading level contributed
to the development of the inmates' fluency. Reading the children's
books gave them an opportunity to experience success and feel positive
about reading, and gave them the motivation to move on to more challenging
reading material. In addition to an improvement in literacy skills,
the results included improved confidence and reduced recidivism.
This study suggests that programs such as Turning a New Page can support
the literacy development of all learners, regardless of age or situation.
If this program is implemented in PEI, it will be an excellent way to
form partnerships with elementary schools. The repeated readings of
books would be a practical strategy to use with adults who are beginning
readers. The adult students could be encouraged to take the book home
and read it to their children. Engaging children in repeated readings
with their parent would also enhance the children's fluency and
instill a love of literature.
This article is another in a series highlighting new
trends in literacy.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Creating awareness and understanding
Enhanced public awareness and understanding of race discrimination and cultural sensitivity are essential to the elimination of racial discrimination and promotion of racial equality. Hence, Hong Kong Unison offers talks and workshops to the general public, schools, vocational training institutes and universities while staging public education campaigns to raise awareness.
- Talks and Workshops
- Public Education Campaigns


text:
By Candice Bodnaruk
Winnipeg – On August 2nd, 2016, over two dozen people gathered at the the Israel Folklorama Pavilion for the third annual vigil to honour and remember those who were killed during Operation Protective Edge or the 51 Day War when Israel invaded the Gaza Strip in July 2014.
In total almost 2,200 Palestinians were killed, including over 550 children.
This event succeeded in being a powerful display of solidarity and support for the Palestinian people.
The purpose of the action was to be peaceful, participants held their signs and also handed a leaflet about the current situation in Gaza/Palestine.
The first vigil was held at Folklorama in 2014 during Operation Protective Edge and at that time about 10 people attended the event. Organizers held the same event last year to mark the first anniversary of the 51 Day War and again saw about the same number of people. However at this year's vigil the number of people has more than doubled.
The vigil was a success in bringing together a diverse group of people who all believe in human rights and justice for the Palestinian people.
There were a variety of groups participating in this year's action, including The Canadian Palestinian Association of Manitoba (CPAM), Independent Jewish Voices, Peace Alliance Winnipeg and the Winnipeg Coalition Against Israeli Apartheid.
Participants held brightly coloured placards that displayed statistics about the war and the humanitarian and infrastructure damage to the Gaza Strip, as well as such messages as No Justice No Peace and Let Gaza Live.
This year's vigil was also unique for the large number of children in attendance. The majority of children were dressed in tee-shirts with Palestinian solidarity messages printed on them and many held Palestinian flags.
Rana Abdullah, CPAM spokeswoman, human rights and refugee activist, read the names of the 112 people that were killed in Gaza on August 2nd, 2014. Each name was printed on a card which was then placed inside a small handmade casket painted with the Palestinian flag. After the reading of the names everyone attending observed a moment of silence for those killed by Israel in the 51 Day War. Abdullah then placed flowers from her own garden over the casket.
All who attended said they thought "Remember Gaza" was a very powerful, respectful way to recognize the second anniversary of Israel's invasion. There were about three times as many people attending this event as the first year the vigil was held in 2014 during Operation Protective Edge.


Learn
The interquartile range is the difference between the third quartile (Q3) and the first quartile (Q1). If you need a refresher on quartiles, you can take a look at our lesson.
For now, all you need to know is that the first quartile is the value that separates the first 25% of the data from the remaining 75%.
The third quartile is the opposite — it separates the first 75% of the data from the remaining 25%.
The interquartile range of the dataset is shown to be between Q3 and Q1.
The interquartile range is the difference between these two values.
Instructions
1.
We've calculated the first quartile of songs and stored it in the variable q1.
Calculate the third quartile and store it in a variable named q3.
To calculate the third quartile, call the same function, but change the second argument to 0.75.
2.
Now that we have both the first quartile and the third quartile, let's calculate the IQR.
Create a variable named interquartile_range and set it equal to the difference between q3 and q1.
Take this course for free
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text:
For one week each year, gorgeous purple flowers bloom in only a few places around the world. People wade into the purple seas to harvest the blooms by hand and then pick their stamens to sell as saffron.
The harvest process is tedious, but these high-maintenance flowers are also very selective about the climates that they grow in and the yields are very hit or miss. Each flower - or saffron crocus - produces about three stamens, which must be picked by hand. About 150 flowers are needed to produce a gram of saffron and saffron can sell for between $2,000 to $10,000 a pound.
Additional reporting by the European Pressphoto Agency.


Example sentences for: advisable
How can you use "advisable" in a sentence? Here are some example sentences to help you improve your vocabulary:
 - There's still some dark sand exposed during low tide, mixed with broken coral, so it is advisable to wear shoes if you want to swim in the sea.
 - If large volumes of synthetic reconstituted water will be needed, it may be advisable to mix 1 L portions of concentrated stock solutions of NaHCO3, MgSO4, and KCl for use in preparation of the reconstituted waters.
 - Moreover, if it is deemed advisable to have the names in alphabetical order to make it easy to find a given street, it would be a simple matter to put Karachi Street between Istanbul and Lisbon Streets, Bach Boulevard between Jerusalem and Copland Boulevards followed by Debussy.
 - If large quantities of high quality deionized water are needed, it may be advisable to supply the laboratory grade water deionizer with preconditioned water from a CULLIGAN®, CONTINENTAL®, or equivalent, mixed-bed water treatment system.
Search for example sentences
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text:
Heavy rains recently have increased risk of rot
Thanks to Tropical Storm Beryl and storms it left behind, some St. Johns County potato farmers are moving to get their spuds out of the ground fast before they rot.
St. Johns County agricultural agent Steven Lands said the downpour came a few weeks ahead of normal. The rain has made conditions hotter for the potatoes that are still in the dirt.
If potatoes are left in the ground too long in these conditions, "They will just disintegrate and turn to mush," Lands said.
Lands said that the timing of the rainfall is the major issue. There wasn't enough rain during the growing season, and rain that comes during harvesting can speed up decay.
Farmers have a majority of their potatoes out of the ground, but the conditions have added some pressure. Harvesting should be finished by the end of June.
An average of 3 to 6 inches of rain has soaked local potato crops since Beryl passed through, he said. "I know it's too much," said local potato farmer Jeff Brubaker.
Harvesting machines are having a tougher time getting to and processing the crop because of the muddy conditions, so work is moving a bit slower, he said. He said he hopes for a break in the rain so that he can get his crop out of the ground within a week.
"The longer they sit in the water, they more chance they have to rot," Brubaker said.
Danny Johns, owner of Blue Sky Farms, said the crops have been advanced throughout the season. Heat and moisture, aided by thunderstorms that came a few weeks early, are making things worse.
"The weather is definitely starting to tell on it," Johns said.
But his farm has been lucky this week, he said. Blue Sky has only gotten about 2 1/2 inches of rain from Beryl and doesn't have any standing water. He said he has about 75 percent of his crop out of the ground.
"So far quality has been maintained," Johns said. "We've been very fortunate."
Still, there are more potatoes that have be thrown away and it is more expensive because there is more wear and tear on the equipment.
With storms looming, pressure is added.
"It kind of makes you feel like you're on borrowed time," Johns said.
Overall the season has been a good one so far, Lands said.
Every year brings with it a unique set of challenges. Though the rain is a concern, Lands doesn't think the prematurely wet conditions will prove to be a major setback in the potato fields.
"Mother nature does throw you curve balls that you have to deal with," he said.


text:
Biomedical informatics professor to chair session at national biocomputing conference
Assistant professor Graciela Gonzalez, of ASU's Department of Biomedical Informatics has been selected as a leading session chair for the 2013 Pacific Symposium on Biocomputing conference.
The session, titled "Text and Data Mining for Biomedical Discovery," aims to serve as a unique forum to discuss novel approaches to text and data mining methods that respond to specific scientific questions, enabling predictions that integrate a variety of data sources and can potentially impact scientific discovery.
The prestigious conference will bring together top researchers from North America, the Asian Pacific nations, Europe and around the world to exchange research results and address open issues in all aspects of computational biology From 20 entries, only six were chosen to represent trending areas of research in biocomputing for the conference.
The session will bring together researchers with a strong text or data mining background to collaborate with bench scientists for the deployment of integrative approaches in translational bioinformatics.
Topics of interest to be discussed include gene prioritization, binding site prediction and gene/protein function prediction, among others.
Session co-chairs also include Maricel G. Kann, assistant professor at the University of Maryland, Baltimore County; Jieping Ye, associate BMI professor; Casey Greene, postdoctoral researcher at the Lewis-Sigler Institute at Princeton University; and Robert J. Leaman, computer science and engineering student at ASU.


If you wish to contribute or participate in the discussions about articles you are invited to contact the Editor
Power Spectral Density of Sine-phased BOC signals
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FundamentalsFundamentals
Title Power Spectral Density of Sine-phased BOC signals
Author(s) J.A Ávila Rodríguez, University FAF Munich, Germany.
Level Advanced
Year of Publication 2011
The power spectral density of any BOC[math]\displaystyle{ \left(f_s,f_c\right) }[/math] in sine phasing can be expressed using the theory on Multilevel Coded Spreading Symbols (MCS) signals as follows:
PSD BOC Eq 1.png
(B.1) where the superindex e indicates the even case. Moreover, the modulating factor for the even case presents the following form:
PSD BOC Eq 2.png
(B.2) As we can see, the problem to calculate can be reduced into an easier one by means of the following auxiliary function [math]\displaystyle{ \Phi \left(A\right) }[/math]:
PSD BOC Eq 3.png
and also with the auxiliary function , defined as follows:
PSD BOC Eq 4.png
where we have made the change
PSD BOC Eq 5.png
The interesting property about the above defined function is shown in the next relationship:
PSD BOC Eq 6.png
In fact, taking (4)we can see that
PSD BOC Eq 7.png
Thus (3) can be rewritten as follows
PSD BOC Eq 8.png
Combining now (4) and (6) according to (8) we obtain the following expression:
PSD BOC Eq 9.png
And the modulating function simplifies thus to:
PSD BOC Eq 10.png
where we have also taken into account that according to the definition of the BOC modulation in terms of a BCS vector, n is even in the even version. Additionally, since A can also be expressed as A=jB the expression above simplifies to
PSD BOC Eq 11.png
Once a simplified form has been derived for the BCS modulating factor of BOC(fs, fc), we substitute in (1) yielding the well-known expression for the Power Spectral Density (see Binary Offset Carrier (BOC)):
PSD BOC Eq 12.png
Since , the equation (12) can also be expressed as follows:
PSD BOC Eq 13.png
This is the well known expression that we find everywhere in the literature. Now that we have solved the case of the even BOC modulation in sine phasing, we calculate next its odd counterpart. For the case of the odd BOC modulation in sine phasing, we have to derive first a general expression for any odd n. We will proceed by generalizing over n.
For n = 3, [math]\displaystyle{ BOC_{sin}\left(f_s,f_c\right) }[/math] can also be expressed as BCS([+1,-1,+1], fc), such that the generation matrix will adopt the following form:
PSD BOC Eq 14.png
Thus, the odd modulating term yields this time:
PSD BOC Eq 15.png
where o indicates the odd case, and
PSD BOC Eq 16.png
In the same manner, for , [math]\displaystyle{ BOC_{sin}\left(f_s,f_c\right)=BOC_{sin}\left(2f_c,f_c\right) }[/math] what can also be defined as in the general form BCS([+1,-1,+1,-1,+1], fc) with generation matrix given by:
PSD BOC Eq 17.png
Thus, for the case of , we will have:
PSD BOC Eq 18.png
If we continue by induction we can find the expression for any odd n:
PSD BOC Eq 19.png
As we can recognize, (19) is equal to (2) except that n is odd now with [math]\displaystyle{ n \in \left \{ 3,5,7,\cdots \right \} }[/math] Moreover, it can be shown that for the odd [math]\displaystyle{ n=2f_s/f_c }[/math] is still valid. For simplicity, we express the modulating factor above using its exponential equivalent expression:
PSD BOC Eq 20.png
Using now the expressions derived above for the sum term [math]\displaystyle{ \Phi\left(A\right) }[/math], it can be shown that:
PSD BOC Eq 21.png
Again, this expression is similar to that obtained for the even case, but with a slight difference. Indeed, since n is odd, the second summand in the numerator has a changed sign with respect to (9). The modulating function is thus shown to present the following form:
PSD BOC Eq 22.png
Additionally, since A can also be expressed as A=jB, (22) simplifies to
PSD BOC Eq 23.png
Once we have the BCS modulating factor of an arbitrary odd [math]\displaystyle{ BOC\left(f_s,f_c\right) }[/math] it can be shown that the power spectral density is (see Binary Offset Carrier (BOC)):
PSD BOC Eq 24.png
which coincides perfectly with the expressions found in the literature [J. W. Betz, 1999][1], [A.R. Pratt and J.I.R. Owen, 2003][2] and [E. Rebeyrol et al., 2005][3].
Furthermore, since [math]\displaystyle{ n=2f_s/f_c }[/math], the previous expression can also be shown as follows:
PSD BOC Eq 25.png
References
 1. ^ [J. W. Betz, 1999] J. W. Betz, The offset carrier modulation for GPS modernization, in Proceedings of the National Technical Meeting of the Institute of Navigation, ION-NTM 1999, pp. 639–648, January 1999, San Diego, California, USA.
 2. ^ [A.R. Pratt and J.I.R. Owen, 2003] Anthony R. Pratt & John I.R. Owen, BOC Modulations Waveform, Proceedings of the International Technical Meeting of the Institute of Navigation, ION-GNSS 2003, 9-12 September 2003, Portland, Oregon, USA.
 3. ^ [E. Rebeyrol et al., 2005] E. Rebeyrol, C. Macabiau, L. Lestarquit, L. Ries, J-L. Issler, M.L. Boucheret, M. Bousquet , BOC Power Spectrum Densities, Proceedings of the National Technical Meeting of the Institute of Navigation, ION-NTM 2005, 24-26 January 2005, Long Beach, California, USA.
Credits
The information presented in this NAVIPEDIA's article is an extract of the PhD work performed by Dr. Jose Ángel Ávila Rodríguez in the FAF University of Munich as part of his Doctoral Thesis "On Generalized Signal Waveforms for Satellite Navigation" presented in June 2008, Munich (Germany)


Cluster Sharding, slow handover during rolling restart
We have the following situation:
 1. We have a cluster of 3 nodes
 2. The cluster is receiving numerous GET requests to get the information of an entity
 3. A rolling restart starts
 4. The 2 new nodes are spawn (5 nodes in the cluster)
 5. When those 2 new nodes are healthy (based on AkkaManagementHttp), 2 oldest nodes are downed with coordinated-shutdown
 6. 1 new node is spawned (4 nodes in the cluster)
 7. Latest old node is shut down.
What we see is that during this rolling restart, we see a bunch of GET requests having 4+ seconds latency (compared to the usual 30ms).
 - We know that shutting down the oldest node is not ideal due to the Singleton handovers, but this cannot be configured atm.
 - We are using akka 2.5.19
Is this delay caused by the ShardCoordinator handover? How can this latency increase be prevented?


1. Home
 2. Docs
 3. LicenceMe
What does a licensing system do?
A licence is an official permission or permits to do, use, or own something. A license can be granted by a party to another party as an element of an agreement between those parties. A shorthand definition of a license is "an authorization to use licensed material." Licensing systems manage the creation and validation of licences.
What does LicenceMe do?
LicenceMe allows you to manage game or application licensing by yourself, making you independent of selling platforms. You obtain the possibility to solve the three common licensing questions (and even more):
 - Creation and validation of product keys (Like: SJJDNK-KT6NL4-2RE7DH-NSCYZY)
 - Creation and validation of trials or demos.
 - Creation and validation of licences bond to devices or companies.
But how does LicenceMe do this?
It combines two methods: Partial Key Verification (PKV) (commonly used in the game industry to create product keys) and RSA (an asymmetric encryption / decryption algorithm).
PKV gives you the opportunity to create product keys and simple condition based product keys, for example username/email/… depending.
The RSA encryption allows you to create trials/demos or complex condition based licences (for example device/company/… depending),
by repacking and encrypting the PKV created product key.


pmdasendmail(1) — Linux manual page
NAME | SYNOPSIS | DESCRIPTION | INSTALLATION | FILES | PCP ENVIRONMENT | SEE ALSO | COLOPHON
PMDASENDMAIL(1) General Commands Manual PMDASENDMAIL(1)
NAME top
 pmdasendmail - sendmail performance metrics domain agent (PMDA)
SYNOPSIS top
 $PCP_PMDAS_DIR/sendmail/pmdasendmail [-d domain] [-l logfile] [-U
 username]
DESCRIPTION top
 pmdasendmail is a sendmail Performance Metrics Domain Agent (PMDA)
 which exports mail traffic statistics as collected by sendmail(1).
 Before the sendmail PMDA can export any metrics, sendmail(1) must
 have statistics collection enabled. This involves checking the name
 of the statistics file, as given by the OS or O StatusFile control
 lines in /etc/sendmail.cf, and then creating this file if it does not
 already exist. Removing the file will terminate statistics
 collection by sendmail(1) and hence the sendmail PMDA.
 A brief description of the pmdasendmail command line options follows:
 -d It is absolutely crucial that the performance metrics domain
 number specified here is unique and consistent. That is, domain
 should be different for every PMDA on the one host, and the same
 domain number should be used for the same PMDA on all hosts.
 -l Location of the log file. By default, a log file named
 sendmail.log is written in the current directory of pmcd(1) when
 pmdasendmail is started, i.e. $PCP_LOG_DIR/pmcd. If the log
 file cannot be created or is not writable, output is written to
 the standard error instead.
 -U User account under which to run the agent. The default is the
 unprivileged "pcp" account in current versions of PCP, but in
 older versions the superuser account ("root") was used by
 default.
 There are no communication options, as the Install script ensures the
 sendmail PMDA will be connected to PMCD by a pipe.
INSTALLATION top
 If you want access to the names, help text and values for the
 sendmail performance metrics, do the following as root:
 # cd $PCP_PMDAS_DIR/sendmail
 # ./Install
 If you want to undo the installation, do the following as root:
 # cd $PCP_PMDAS_DIR/sendmail
 # ./Remove
 pmdasendmail is launched by pmcd(1) and should never be executed
 directly. The Install and Remove scripts notify pmcd(1) when the
 agent is installed or removed.
FILES top
 $PCP_PMCDCONF_PATH
 command line options used to launch pmdasendmail
 $PCP_PMDAS_DIR/sendmail/help
 default help text file for the sendmail metrics
 $PCP_PMDAS_DIR/sendmail/Install
 installation script for the pmdasendmail agent
 $PCP_PMDAS_DIR/sendmail/Remove
 undo installation script for the pmdasendmail agent
 $PCP_LOG_DIR/pmcd/sendmail.log
 default log file for error messages and other information
 from pmdasendmail
 /etc/sendmail.cf
 sendmail configuration file to identify the name of the
 statistics file
PCP ENVIRONMENT top
 Environment variables with the prefix PCP_ are used to parameterize
 the file and directory names used by PCP. On each installation, the
 file /etc/pcp.conf contains the local values for these variables.
 The $PCP_CONF variable may be used to specify an alternative
 configuration file, as described in pcp.conf(5).
SEE ALSO top
 PCPIntro(1), pmcd(1) and sendmail(1).
COLOPHON top
 This page is part of the PCP (Performance Co-Pilot) project.
 Information about the project can be found at ⟨_URL_
 If you have a bug report for this manual page, send it to
 _EMAIL_. This page was obtained from the project's upstream
 Git repository ⟨_URL_ on
 2020-08-13. (At that time, the date of the most recent commit that
 was found in the repository was 2020-08-11.) If you discover any
 rendering problems in this HTML version of the page, or you believe
 there is a better or more up-to-date source for the page, or you have
 corrections or improvements to the information in this COLOPHON
 (which is not part of the original manual page), send a mail to
 _EMAIL_
Performance Co-Pilot PCP PMDASENDMAIL(1)


Working with counters
Dies ist die alte Dokumentation.
Sie können die neue Dokumentation hier finden, die im Laufe der Zeit die Artikel hier nach und nach ersetzt.
Dieser Artikel wird nicht mehr gepflegt und ist unter Umständen nicht mehr gültig - der neue Artikel hierzu ist jedoch noch nicht fertig!
1. The principle of counters
When you write checks that deal with performance data (CPU usage, network traffic, disk IO), in many cases you will be confronted with counters. As an example, look into the file /proc/stat on your Linux box. Lets grep for the line beginning with processes:
user@host:~$ grep processes /proc/stat
processes 205458
What does that mean? It's the number of processes created since the system has booted (not the number of processes currently running!).
Now let's do it again:
user@host:~$ grep processes /proc/stat
processes 206160
What do we learn from this? The number of process creations has raised from 205458 to 206160. That is 702 new process creations. If we now assume that we have waited exactly 10 seconds between the two calls, then processes have been created at a rate of 70.2 process creations per second.
So if we have a counter and want to compute a rate, we need to compare the value of the counter between two points of time and need to know how much time has been passed between the first and the second sample of the counter.
From that follows that a Nagios check using data from counters must have a memory of the previous value of the counter together with the exact point of time when that value was seen.
2. Counters in Checkmk
The good news is: Checkmk supports check programmers with the handling of counters. It can keep memory or counter values and compute rates for you. Counter values are stored in /var/lib/check_mk/counters (OMD: tmp/check_mk/counters). The key to this is the helper function get_counter, which is called like this:
 timedif, rate_per_sec = get_counter("some.unique.name", this_time, counter_value)
It is important to call this function with a unique name for each separate counter. This is usually done by using the check type and the item as a prefix (unless your check is always using None as item). Here is an example of how the check winperf.diskstat uses get_couter: It uses a separate counter for read IO and write IO:
 read_timedif, read_per_sec = get_counter("diskstat.read", this_time, read_bytes_ctr)
 write_timedif, write_per_sec = get_counter("diskstat.write", this_time, write_bytes_ctr)
The check if is a bit more complex, since it deals with many switch ports and for each port with several counters. It uses the counter name (name) and the port number/description (item) to make the counter unique:
 timedif, rate = get_counter("if.%s.%s" % (name, item), this_time, saveint(counter))
The get_counter function returns two values:
 1. The time difference since the previous update of that counter (in seconds)
 2. The averaged rate during that interval (per second)
Both values are of type float. In most cases the first value - the time difference - is not interesting. But the rate is exactly what checks usually need.
3. Counter wraps and resets
There are two situations where you have to be careful when working with counters: wraps and resets. A wrap occurs when a counter with a limited precision overflows. The most prominent example are the 32 Bit counters in the SNMP IF-MIB that are used for the network traffic - for example ifOutOctets. After 4GB of traffic over a port the counter wraps over back to 0. Such a case must be detected and handled. Otherwise you would get negative values for your rate.
Another situation is a reboot of the target device. In that case all counters start again from 0. This must also be handled correctly in order to avoid anomalies.
get_counter makes a simple but effective wrap detection. If the new counter value is lower than the old one, a wrap/reset is being assumed. Now something important happens: get_counter does not return any value, but raises a Python exception of the MKCounterWrapped. This exception immediately aborts the execution of the check. No check result will be sent to Nagios this turn!
You might think of this as a bug. But it's the only way to do it right! If a counter anomaly occurs then it is not possible to compute the rate in a reliable way. Even if we would know the maximum value of the counter, we still would have no way to distinguish between a wrap and a reset. And returning a rate of 0 would also be wrong and might trigger false alarms, create invalid RRD graphs and would send the user a check result that does not reflect the reality.
Also if get_counter is called for the very first time for a specific counter, as MKCounterWrapped will be raised. No rate can be computed without a previous value. This is the reason why some checks need a bit longer to leave the pending state when a new host is added to the monitoring.
3.1. Checks based on multiple counters
If your check uses more then one are two counters then the time until the first time the check produces results might be no acceptable. The problem is that the MKCounterWrapped exception will immediately abort the check execution as soon as the first counter is initialized. The second time the check is called the second counter will be initialized and so on.
If you want all counters to be initalized at the first check then you need to:
 - catch the MKCounterWrapped exception
 - let all calls to get_counter happen
 - a) either raise a MKCounterWrapped exception afterwards...
 - b) or ignore the value of all counters
The following pseudo-code illustrates how to do this correctly (variant a):
somecheck
 wrapped = False
 for ...: # loop over counters
 try:
 timedif, rate = get_counter(.....)
 # process resulting rate...
 except MKCounterWrapped:
 wrapped = True
 # continue, other counters might wrap as well
 # after all counters are handled
 if wrapped:
 raise MKCounterWrapped("Counter wrap")
Variant b) is only possible if the counters just supply additional performance data but do not influence the check result.
In any case make sure, that your check does always output the same number of performance variables. If some would be missing due to counter wraps, then output none at all. Graphing tools such as PNP4Nagios may break if the number of performance variables vary.
Werk #1723
New check API function get_rate() as more intelligent replacement for get_counter()
Werk #1725
The get_average() function from now on only returns one argument: the average


text:
Question: Samantha is 1 50 m tall on her eleventh birthday and
Samantha is 1.50 m tall on her eleventh birthday and 1.65 m tall on her twelfth birthday. By what factor has her height increased? By what percentage?
Answer to relevant QuestionsA scanning electron micrograph of xylem vessels in a corn root shows the vessels magnified by a factor of 600. In the micrograph the xylem vessel is 3.0 cm in diameter. (a) What is the diameter of the vessel itself? (b) By...You are given these approximate measurements: (a) The radius of Earth is 6 × 106 m, (b) The length of a human body is 6 ft, (c) A cell's diameter is 10−6 m, (d) The width of the hemoglobin molecule is 3 × 10−9 m,...An object moving at constant speed v around a circle of radius r has an acceleration a directed toward the center of the circle. The SI unit of acceleration is m/s2. (a) Use dimensional analysis to find a as a function of v...Estimate the number of hairs on the average human head. Explain the difference between distance traveled, displacement, and displacement magnitude.
Post your question


Capacitors in Space: Standards for Space Mission High-Reliability
Dec 5, 2023
Capacitors used in space missions require stringent reliability standards due to the extreme conditions present in space, including radiation, vacuum, temperature variations, and cosmic rays. Capacitors function as devices for storing and subsequently releasing electrical energy. They are essential for filtering noise, stabilizing voltage, and maintaining precise timing in electronic circuits.
 - Radiation Hardness: Space environments expose electronic components to high levels of radiation. Capacitors need to be radiation-hardened to withstand this, ensuring that they maintain their functionality and do not degrade or fail due to radiation exposure.
 - Temperature Range: Space experiences extreme temperature fluctuations. Capacitors must function reliably across a wide temperature range, from extreme cold to high heat, without degradation in performance.
 - Vibration and Mechanical Stress: Launches and maneuvers in space subject components to significant mechanical stress and vibrations. Capacitors must be able to withstand these conditions without failure.
 - Longevity and Reliability: Space missions often last for years or even decades. Capacitors should have a long operational life without significant degradation or failure throughout the mission's duration.
 - Outgassing and Vacuum Compatibility: In the vacuum of space, materials can outgas, releasing substances that might degrade nearby components or surfaces. Capacitors used in space must be made of materials that are compatible with a vacuum environment and have minimal outgassing.
 - Testing and Qualification Standards: Various space agencies like NASA, ESA (European Space Agency), and others have specific standards and testing protocols for space-grade components. Capacitors need to meet these standards and undergo rigorous testing to ensure their reliability in space environments.
 - Quality Assurance and Traceability: Manufacturing processes for space-grade capacitors require strict quality control measures and traceability of components to ensure reliability. Components need to be traceable back to their origin and manufactured under controlled conditions.
 - Space-Grade Capacitor Types: Certain types of capacitors are more suitable for space applications due to their inherent properties. For instance, tantalum capacitors are often used because of their stability and reliability in harsh environments.
NASA EEE-INST-002: A Comprehensive Guide for Reliability
The NASA EEE-INST-002 specification serves as a guiding light for selecting, screening, and qualifying electrical, electronic, and electromechanical (EEE) components. Developed by the NASA Goddard Space Flight Centre (GSFC), the standard ensures that components meet the necessary reliability and cost criteria. The NASA EEE-INST-002 specification serves as a comprehensive guide for electrical, electronic, and electromechanical (EEE) parts selection, screening qualification, and derating. The standard is tailored for NASA Goddard Space Flight Centre (GSFC) projects and establishes a baseline criterion ensuring that components and materials align with the rigorous standards set by NASA.
Section C1 {Focus on Multi-Layer Ceramic Capacitors (MLCCs)} of the specification specifically addresses multi-layer ceramic capacitors (MLCCs). These capacitors are widely used due to their compact size, high capacitance, and excellent stability. To comply with NASA standards, MLCCs must adhere to MIL-PRF-55681 and MIL-PRF-123 standards. These military standards define the performance, testing, and qualification procedures for capacitors used in space applications. These capacitors are widely used in space applications for their compact size, high capacitance values, and stability.
ESCC 3009: European Standards for Space Components
ESCC 3009, or the European Space Components Coordination (ESCC) standard for space components, is a comprehensive set of specifications and requirements designed to ensure the reliability and quality of components used in space missions. The European Space Components Coordination (ESCC), established by the European Space Agency (ESA), focuses on ensuring the availability and affordability of mission-qualified EEE components. Within the broader framework of ESCC 3009, particular attention is given to space capacitors, critical components that play a pivotal role in the functioning of space systems. These capacitors are meticulously scrutinized for their ability to withstand the harsh conditions of space, including extreme temperatures, radiation exposure, and vacuum environments. ESCC 3009 sets stringent criteria for the design, manufacturing, and testing of space capacitors to guarantee their performance in space applications. Parameters such as capacitance stability, leakage current, and dielectric strength are carefully defined to meet the demands of long-duration space missions. The standard ensures that space capacitors adhere to the highest quality and reliability standards, minimizing the risk of failure and ensuring the success of space missions where these components are deployed. Compliance with ESCC 3009 not only enhances the dependability of space capacitors but also contributes to the overall robustness and longevity of space systems, reflecting the commitment of the European space industry to excellence in space exploration and satellite technology.
The European Space Components Coordination (ESCC) plays a pivotal role in shaping the standards for mission-qualified EEE components for space programs. ESCC 3009, one of the standards set by ESCC, focuses on capacitors and their vital role in ensuring the availability and affordability of reliable electronic components. ESCC's collaborative approach involves stakeholders from various European countries and institutions, fostering a global effort to standardize and enhance the reliability of electronic components for space exploration. This not only benefits European space programs but contributes to the broader international community engaged in space endeavors.
ESCC 3009 specifically outlines the requirements for ceramic dielectric capacitors in space applications. These capacitors must withstand extreme temperatures, radiation, and mechanical stress. By adhering to ESCC standards, manufacturers ensure that their capacitors meet the demanding needs of space missions.
ESCC 3009, while ensuring high reliability, also emphasizes the affordability of mission-qualified components. Balancing reliability with cost-effectiveness is a constant challenge in space missions. The ESCC standards aim to provide a framework that allows for the development of space-grade components without unduly burdening project budgets.
MIL-PRF-55681: Rigorous Standards for Space Components
MIL-PRF-55681 is a stringent standard established by the United States Department of Defense, outlines rigorous requirements for space components to ensure their reliability and performance in demanding aerospace environments. MIL-PRF-55681 is a military specification that outlines the performance and testing requirements for high-reliability MLCCs. This includes parameters such as electrical characteristics, mechanical properties, and environmental testing. Within this comprehensive standard, specific attention is directed towards space capacitors, essential components critical to the functionality of space systems. Capacitors meeting these standards are more likely to withstand the harsh conditions of space, ensuring the longevity and reliability crucial for mission success.
MIL-PRF-55681 defines the performance and testing requirements for high-reliability MLCCs used in space applications. The standard specifies the quality control and qualification procedures for these capacitors, including visual inspection, electrical testing, and environmental testing.
MIL-PRF-55681 mandates precise specifications for the design, manufacturing, and testing of space capacitors, emphasizing their ability to withstand the extreme conditions prevalent in space missions, including high levels of radiation, varying temperatures, and vacuum environments. Parameters such as capacitance stability, equivalent series resistance (ESR), and insulation resistance are meticulously defined to meet the stringent demands of space applications. Compliance with MIL-PRF-55681 ensures that space capacitors exhibit exceptional durability and longevity, minimizing the risk of failures during extended space missions. The standard reflects the commitment of the U.S. Department of Defense to maintaining the highest quality and reliability standards for space components, contributing to the success and resilience of space exploration initiatives and satellite technologies. Adherence to MIL-PRF-55681 underscores the dedication to precision and excellence in the design and manufacturing of space capacitors, critical elements for the success of aerospace missions.


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DropExternalFileFormatStatement Class
Definition
Represents a DROP EXTERNAL FILE FORMAT statement.
[System.Serializable]
public class DropExternalFileFormatStatement : Microsoft.SqlServer.TransactSql.ScriptDom.DropUnownedObjectStatement
[<System.Serializable>]
type DropExternalFileFormatStatement = class
 inherit DropUnownedObjectStatement
Public Class DropExternalFileFormatStatement
Inherits DropUnownedObjectStatement
Inheritance
Attributes
Constructors
DropExternalFileFormatStatement()
Fields
Uninitialized
Constant to indicate and uninitialized token.
(Inherited from TSqlFragment)
Properties
FirstTokenIndex
Gets or sets the first index of the token.
(Inherited from TSqlFragment)
FragmentLength
Defines the number of characters the fragment takes up in the script it was parsed.
(Inherited from TSqlFragment)
IsIfExists
True when IF EXISTS construct is used.
(Inherited from DropUnownedObjectStatement)
LastTokenIndex
Gets or sets the last index of the token.
(Inherited from TSqlFragment)
Name
The name of the object to be dropped.
(Inherited from DropUnownedObjectStatement)
ScriptTokenStream
Gets or sets the script token stream.
(Inherited from TSqlFragment)
StartColumn
Gets the start column.
(Inherited from TSqlFragment)
StartLine
Gets the start line.
(Inherited from TSqlFragment)
StartOffset
Defines the character offset of fragments starting location in the script it was parsed.
(Inherited from TSqlFragment)
Methods
Accept(TSqlFragmentVisitor)
Accepts visitor
AcceptChildren(TSqlFragmentVisitor)
Accepts visitor for Children
Applies to


StorageFolder.GetThumbnailAsync(ThumbnailMode, UInt32, ThumbnailOptions) | getThumbnailAsync(ThumbnailMode, UInt32, ThumbnailOptions) method
Gets an adjusted thumbnail image for the current folder, determined by the specified purpose of the thumbnail, the requested size, and the specified options.
Syntax
storageFolder.getThumbnailAsync(mode, requestedSize, options).done( /* Your success and error handlers */ );
Parameters
mode
Type: ThumbnailMode
The enum value that describes the purpose of the thumbnail and determines how the thumbnail image is adjusted.
For guidance about choosing the best thumbnail mode, see Guidelines and checklist for thumbnails.
requestedSize
Type: Number [JavaScript] | System.UInt32 [.NET] | uint32 [C++]
The requested size, in pixels, of the longest edge of the thumbnail. Windows uses the requestedSize as a guide and tries to scale the thumbnail image without reducing the quality of the image.
If Windows can't find a thumbnail image that it can scale to meet the requested size, a larger thumbnail might be returned. If no larger thumbnail is available, a thumbnail image that is smaller than the requested size might be returned.
options
Type: ThumbnailOptions
The enum value that describes the desired behavior to use to retrieve the thumbnail image. The specified behavior might affect the size and/or quality of the image and how quickly the thumbnail image is retrieved.
Return value
Type: IAsyncOperation<StorageItemThumbnail>
When this method completes successfully, it returns a StorageItemThumbnail that represents the thumbnail image or null if there is no thumbnail image associated with the folder or file group.
Remarks
Windows Phone 8
This API is not implemented and will throw an exception if called. See Windows Phone Runtime API.
Requirements
Minimum supported client
Windows 8
Minimum supported server
Windows Server 2012
Minimum supported phone
Windows Phone 8 [not implemented, see Remarks]
Namespace
Windows.Storage
Windows::Storage [C++]
Metadata
Windows.winmd
See also
StorageFolder
GetThumbnailAsync(ThumbnailMode)
GetThumbnailAsync(ThumbnailMode, UInt32)

Build date: 11/16/2013
Show:
© 2013 Microsoft. All rights reserved.


text:
IC 555 used in many simple and useful circuits, every electronics hobbyist may surely tried IC 555 at least once while they learn electronics circuit making. Here the IC 555 Based Touch Alarm circuit is senses human touch and gives louder alert through buzzer.
This touch alarm circuit uses 9volt bias supply hence we can use general purpose 9volt battery for portable applications. Here Resistors R3,R4 and Capacitor C3 reacts as a Timing components, by varying R4 value we can obtain different timing output at the output pin 3. The SL100 transistor is reacts as a switch to connect buzzer with bias. Resistor R1 and capacitor C1 changes output wave shape as ramp depends on R1 resistor value the buzzer will produce different type of alarm sounds when the touch plate sense.
metal touch plate(coin)


text:
HIDALGO FALLS. The Hidalgo Falls are on the Brazos River five miles northwest of Washington-on-the-Brazos in Washington County (at 30°24' N, 96°11' W). The Hidalgo Cliffs rise above the falls, twenty feet above river level. They are surrounded by rolling hills that support post oak forest. The falls are a series of exposed limestone shoals that were formed by the erosion of the adjacent Hidalgo escarpment. They mark the dividing line between the middle and upper reaches of the Brazos River. Riverboats headed above Hidalgo Falls had to wait for a rise in the water level before proceeding upstream; if a boat's navigator misjudged the length of time the river would remain above normal level, the riverboat was trapped above the falls until the river rose again. The Brazos River above the falls offered limited access to upriver points during most of the year.
Pamela A. Puryear and Nath Winfield, Jr., Sandbars and Sternwheelers: Steam Navigation on the Brazos (College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 1976).
The following, adapted from the Chicago Manual of Style, 15th edition, is the preferred citation for this article."HIDALGO FALLS," Handbook of Texas Online (_URL_ accessed May 23, 2013. Published by the Texas State Historical Association.


TN664 – Boiling point measurement by DSC Private content
The boiling point of a pure compound is one of the essential information necessary to know before any industrial implementation. Nevertheless, its determination needs very specific conditions to limit the influence of the atmosphere. Indeed, internal gas convection, vapor pressure in the crucible or kinetic of vaporization are important factors that play an important role in the measurement. To determine precisely the boiling point, those factors have to be optimized. The DSC technique can be used for such a measurement
This an extract of our documentation, please register to have access to all documentation.


23 Incredibly Cultured Cats
These cats have been around the world, taken classes and studied hard to be as cultured as they are now. In.gif form! posted on
I know, right? Now tell your friends!
23 Incredibly Cultured Cats
Lauren Yapalater
1. The Businessman
Expert negotiator, in three different languages. Culture is his middle name.
2. The Polite Cat
Uses chopsticks properly, like a cultured cat would.
3. The Pianist
Tickles that ivory like an old pro.
4. The Dancer
Took ballroom dancing classes, can waltz with the best of them.
5. The Scholar
He just finished his thesis. Topic: CULTURE.
6. The Masseuse
Went to Sweden, learned how to massage.
7. The Worker
Knows the trials and tribulations of sweat shops.
8. The Traveler
Speaks Italian. Cosa Vuoi?
9. The Gardener
Learned how to garden while visiting Croatia.
10. The Strategist
Knows books. Military books.
11. The Athlete
Trained in Japan.
12. The Rastafarian
What? Ohhh. Yeah. Mon.
13. The Botanist
Knows the difference between roses and poison ivy, as taught in Spain.
14. El Conquistador
Speaks spanish.
15. The AristoCAT
Like I said, the AristoCAT
16. The Techie
Apprenticed with Steve Jobs himself.
17. The City Slicker
He's from Brooklyn, Fuhgeddaboudit
18. The Musician
He's a classical guitarist.
19. The Chef
Sushi chef extraordinaire, also knows karate. Cultured.
20. The Well-Mannered Cat
Learned at a young age pasta is not finger food. It's slurping food. Cultured.
21. The Super-Nanny
Learned everything she knows from Mary Poppins, queen of culture.
22. The Food Critic
Traveled around the world tasting foods with Anthony Bourdain. Culture is in his blood.
23. The Needler
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Purpose: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the tissue retraction and gingival healing in pulsed laser (diode 980 nm and Nd:YAG 1064 nm lasers) gingival retraction in comparison with the conventional mechanical or surgical techniques (double cord and electrosurgery). Materials and Methods: A group of 103 adult patients, 45 women, 58 men (mean age 42, range 19 to 52 years) scheduled for fixed and implant prosthetic rehabilitation was recruited, and four impression techniques were compared: the double cord technique, the electrosurgery technique, the 980-nm diode and the 1064-nm Nd:YAG laser technique. Patient were randomly placed into four groups according to impression-taking technique. Thirty impressions were taken in each group, for a total of 110 elements each. The preferred impression materials were addition silicones (polyvinyl siloxanes) (2nd generation). The outcome was measured by the bleeding index (during the impression taking and after 15 days) and gingival retraction (after 15 and 30 days). Results: Compared to the conventional techniques, both laser techniques proved to be less aggressive in terms of absence of gingival bleeding (99.2% vs 92.7%). There were also fewer cases of gingival retraction than with the conventional technique (2.2% vs 10%). Conclusion: This study suggests that the laser technique can be valuable for implant prosthetic rehabilitation. While both the conventional and laser techniques are satisfactory in achieving gingival retraction, the laser techniques may be less traumatic to the periodontal tissue.
Keywords: impression techniques, diode 980 nm laser, Nd:YAG laser, electrosurgery, polyvinyl siloxanes, gingival retraction, oral soft tissue surgery


Interior Design: How Valuable is Art to Property?
Interior Design: How Valuable is Art to Property?
There is a process known as cultural placemaking which is about the connection between the arts and commerce. This can be something that makes the arts side of the equation feel uncomfortable, but it is about the realities of what art is worth in the wider world.
In terms of cultural placemaking, this is where developers contact artists early in the process, to work out how to best integrate art into an overall development.
In 2017, the Mayor of London, Sadiq Khan, commissioned a World Cities Culture Report. This identified culture as a city's defining essence. Therefore, in terms of property development, it makes sense to involve art early on.
How does this work, or indeed can it work, in terms of an established fine art market?
Property Aspects Magazine asked Sarah Samuels, Cheshire-based fine art dealer at Sarah Samuels Fine Paintings, for her thoughts.
How is Art Transforming Interior Design?
"There's an increasing trend for developers to engage artists early in the process of renovation, or even new builds, to incorporate fine art concepts in interior design," explains Sarah.
This manifests itself in vivid, unique decorative detail, such as Grayson Perry's contribution to A House For Essex in Wrabness.
"For some collectors, the logical next step is to incorporate art into the actual fabric of their homes. This adds a practical element to it, so the art is more than decorative."
"Where people are finding architects' visions for their homes a little on the conservative side, they are then turning to artists to help develop the uniqueness of their vision"
Sarah Samuels, Sarah Samuels Fine Paintings
This is where elements such as architectural fixtures and interior details take on a whole new dimension, that is as much connected to their status as their look and function.
"What this means for art in general is that it is increasingly embedded in the concept of what good, distinctive interior design means."
Fine Art for the Home
"It is easier than ever to buy art, but this comes with certain challenges," says Sarah.
"It's not just about the price of a picture, and certainly not about whether it fits with your home's colour scheme. Rather, it's about the true value of it, and its potential legacy."
This question of provenance is key when it comes to selecting fine art for the home.
"Ideally, the buyer of the art wants as much of a connection as possible to the artist. This is where the right dealer adds value. It is about trust."
"The artist trusts the dealer, and the dealer builds trust with the potential customer based on being able to convey a depth of knowledge of the artist's intentions and motivations"
Sarah Samuels, Sarah Samuels Fine Paintings
Ultimately, does art matter in interior design?
"Your home is more than a space and is something with which you build a deep connection," Sarah concludes. "Art can help strengthen this connection. It adds meaning to your home, and therefore, your life."
To discover how art can improve your home and your life, please contact Sarah Samuels on 0785 _PHONE_ or visit
For an additional read, please visit What is the Place of Art in Office Design?


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I am new to SharePoint and have been given the task of designing a form in Infopath 2013 described in the following scenario:
 - Select a responsible, Resp.type, then click "Add". Then I will get a result as outlined below (in the picture) I also want to be able to delete any rows I added.
enter image description here
The problem is Infopath suported repeating table, but it wasn't show that menu when I edit a form of Sharepoint List. I also don't know how to make this in "Sharepoint List"
How can I make this in infoPath 2013?
Thanks in advanced
1 Answer 1
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What you describe is a parent/child relationship. This cannot be created in a single SharePoint list.
InfoPath supports repeating tables, but not in list forms.
You can create a relational parent/child setup in SharePoint and you can use JavaScript to connect the two lists in a form or a page. Using just InfoPath, though, it is not possible to write to another list from an InfoPath list form. You would need code to achieve that and IP list forms don't support code.
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NDCG (normalized discounted cumulative gain) metric.
Inherits From: Metric
Calculates NDCG@k for a given set of top_k values calculated from a list of gains (relevance scores) that are sorted based on the associated predictions. The top_k_list can be passed as part of the NDCG metric config or using tfma.MetricsSpec.binarize.top_k_list if configuring multiple top_k metrics. The gain (relevance score) is determined from the value stored in the 'gain_key' feature. The value of NDCG@k returned is a weighted average of NDCG@k over the set of queries using the example weights.
NDCG@k = (DCG@k for the given rank)/(DCG@k DCG@k = sum_{i=1}^k gain_i/log_2(i+1), where gain_i is the gain (relevance score) of the i^th ranked response, indexed from 1.
This is a query/ranking based metric so a query_key must also be provided in the associated tfma.MetricsSpec.
gain_key Key of feature in features dictionary that holds gain values.
top_k_list Values for top k. This can also be set using the tfma.MetricsSpec.binarize.top_k_list associated with the metric.
name Metric name.
compute_confidence_interval Whether to compute confidence intervals for this metric.
Note that this may not completely remove the computational overhead involved in computing a given metric. This is only respected by the jackknife confidence interval method.
View source
Creates computations associated with metric.
View source
Returns serializable config.


Seoul's S-Poles
By Chris Young
The multipurpose S-Poles can also function as Wi-Fi access points.
A smaller, more versatile version of the utility pole might soon become ubiquitous throughout future smart cities worldwide.
Amongst the implementors of such a technology is Seoul Metropolitan Government (SMG), which announced last year that it would install new 'smart poles', or S-Poles, that act as streetlights, traffic lights, environmental sensors, smartphone chargers, Wi-Fi access points, CCTV, and more.
As a Cities Today report explains, the city of Seoul, South Korea, has already installed twenty-six smart poles in six areas of the city. Each pole's function is customized to the requirements of its specific location.
SMG is piloting a version of the S-Pole system, which is also able to charge drones and electric vehicles as well as count the footfall of nearby pedestrians.
The project, which is in the planning stage, would use drones to monitor potential disasters and provide data for emergency rescue teams.
Poles apart from traditional city technologies
The new smart poles will essentially carry out a large number of functions and are being designed to replace several traditional city technologies in the future.
"Smart poles help effectively consolidate the somewhat elaborate road facilities, not only retaining their innate functions but also highlighting various smart technological features," Lee Won-Mok, Director General of Smart City Policy at Seoul Metropolitan Government, explained to Cities Today.
"These S-Poles are expected to improve urban landscapes and enhance the safety, welfare, and convenience for our Seoul citizens. They will also serve as charging stations for drones and electric vehicles, bringing the city one step closer to becoming a smart city."
The project is part of a global shift towards multipurpose street infrastructure, as cities, vehicles, and citizens become more connected. Essentially, this trend is part of an initiative to make the cities of the future less cluttered amidst the surge in new technologies — further examples include smart bins, ground-level traffic lights, and 5G poles that are hidden in plain sight.


content: map-get($team-rocket-map, brock);
_USER_ {
content: 'Sorry, but team-rocket-map doesn\'t have this key!';
css output.rocket:after {
content: 'Sorry, but team-rocket-map doesn't have the required key!';
It might seem like an overkill, and it probably is. Use this only in complex mixins. Check out the _USER_, _USER_ and _USER_ directives too. And for those who are starstruck with if-else conditional in Sass... Oh yes, you can use it all you want now :)
Sass Map Functions
These are the map functions, as sourced from the SassScript documentation:
map-get($map, $key) : Returns the value in a map associated with a given key.
map-merge($map1, $map2) : Merges two maps together into a new map.
map-remove($map, $keys…) : Returns a new map with keys removed.
map-keys($map) : Returns a list of all keys in a map.
map-values($map) : Returns a list of all values in a map.
map-has-key($map, $key) : Returns whether a map has a value associated with a given key.
keywords($args) : Returns the keywords passed to a function that takes variable arguments.
Keyboard programming
Map Use Cases
How to Loop Through a Map and Generate Classes
We'll create a map plotting Pokemon trainers to their favorite Pokemon.
$trainers: (
ash: pikachu,
misty: magikarp,
brock: onyx
Next, we'll make an each loop that will go through every key and value in a map, and output the keys in a class name, and values into its content!
_USER_ $name, $pokemon in $trainers {
.trainer--#{$name} {
content: $pokemon;
css output.trainer--ash {
content: "pikachu";
.trainer--misty {
content: "magikarp";
.trainer--brock {
content: "onyx";
Multiple Values for Amazeball Buttons Module
Moving on. It's possible to give a key more than one value. This is done by using clippings and entering multiple values with a comma separator. This is a great way to transfer styles for variants of a module, in this example - button.
In our little snippet, the first value will be the background color of the button, the second will be the text color, and finally padding. We will then loop through the keys, and we'll reference the values as a $styles object. We can easily fetch values using nth() function. Let's do this.
$styles: (
error: (red, white, 3rem),
success: (green, white, 2rem),
warning: (yellow, black, 1rem)
.button {
display: inline-block;
background-color: lightgray;
color: darkgray;
padding: 0.5rem;
_USER_ $type, $style in $styles {
$background-color: nth($style, 1);
$font-color: nth($style, 2);
$padding: nth($style, 3);
&--#{$type} {
background-color: $background-color;
color: $font-color;
padding: $padding;
css output.button {
display: inline-block;
background-color: lightgray;
color: darkgray;
padding: 0.5rem;
.button--error {
background-color: red;
color: white;
padding: 3rem;
.button--success {
background-color: green;
color: white;
.button--warning {
background-color: yellow;
color: black;
padding: 1rem'
Handling Layers (z-index)
The infamous z-index. Lots of frontend developers are struggling with it in a sense that they don't have any particular design pattern around it. Usually, z-index is set to 1 if we want a particular layer to be "on top of" something else, 2 if we want another layer to really be "on top of" something else, then 9, then 99, then 9999, then 99999999... and so on. It's easy to get lost. This is where Sass maps can help us.
Let's start with a $layer map. We can name the keys with something meaningful, such as "modal", "tooltip", "offcanvas", and so on.
$layer: (
default: 1,
offcanvas: 100,
dropdown: 150,
modal: 200,
tooltip: 500
Next, we can create a layer function that returns the appropriate z-index, let's say for a dropdown.
_USER_ layer($level) {
_USER_ map-get($layer, $level);
.dropdown {
z-index: layer(dropdown);
Surely, you can skip the function and directly use the map-get() function inside the class, but this way you can use the error handling which we omitted for this example. This is the output:
css output.dropbox {
z-index: 500;
Font Base Styles
A good project has it's own configuration file. One example would be base typography, where you would define base font color, family, size and line height as variables. Perhaps a better way would be to use a map for the said attributes.
$font: (
color: $base-color,
family: (Alegreya, Roboto),
size: 18px,
line-height: 1.6
body {
color: map-get($font, color);
font-family: map-get($font, family);
font-size: map-get($font, size);
line-height: map-get($font, line-height);
Ta daah!
Breakpoints <3
Personal favorite. It's superb to have a place for the breakpoints that are used throughout the project. In this way, similar to the z-index hack, you can have an overview of the breakpoints. Also, you can change the behavior throughout your project by changing only the breakpoints map. You can also easily add new breakpoints, or remove extra ones.
So let's start with a map called $breakpoints.
Our goal is to use breakpoints with implicit names instead of hard pixel values in an element. Because of this, we need a mixin that will output the value of the stated name. I called the mixin "breakpoint" and passed $breakpoints as a parameter. With $type I get the pixel value of the expected breakpoint. First things first, let's create the map.
$breakpoints: (
small: 0,
medium: 640px,
large: 1024px,
xlarge: 1200px,
xxlarge: 1440px
Next, we'll do a mixin called breakpoint, and include the mixin in a.navigation--mobile class like so:
_USER_ breakpoint($breakpoint) {
$breakpoint: map-get($breakpoints, $breakpoint);
_USER_ screen and (min-width: $breakpoint) {
.navigation--mobile {
display: block;
_USER_ breakpoint(medium) {
display: none;
css output.navigation--mobile {
display: block;
_USER_ screen and (min-width: 640px) {
.navigation--mobile {
display: none;
Now I Know Everything, Why Would I Need "Part Two"?
Now that we've covered the basics, there's much more to explore using Sass, but most importantly - you always need to practice. In part two we will use this knowledge, and expand it to a mini project where we'll create simple, colorful, pixelized CSS pocket monsters. Here's a small teaser - all of the drawings will be done with box shadows. Stick around!
Part two is online, you can read it up here!


Blogs
EMAIL: _EMAIL_
Palantir: Running Large Drupal 8 CSV Migrations in Batches
Migrating birds against a striped background
A versatile solution for importing large CSV files into Drupal.
In this post we will cover…
 - Point one
 - Point two
 - Point three
Migrating content from an existing site or an external data source can help reduce the effort required by content editors to get a new site ready for launch. As a result, constructing and executing content migrations is a common task we undertake as part of the site build process. While these migrations can vary in type, typically spreadsheets are exported in a comma separated value (CSV) format due to their simplicity.
While Drupal has robust support for migrating in from a CSV file, the current structure can struggle when presented with large CSV files. In particular, the migration import process can run out of memory part way through the migration process. We encountered this problem while migrating tens of thousands of locations for a client. Increasing the PHP memory limit for the migration was an initial step, but proved not to be enough:
Memory usage is 1.21 GB (80% of limit 1.51 GB), reclaiming memory.
[warning]
Memory usage is now 1.21 GB (80% of limit 1.51 GB), not enough reclaimed, starting new batch
[warning]
Even though the migration module attempts to reclaim memory and start a new batch, the process does not always complete.
Some approaches to get around this issue include scripting your migration and utilizing the limit option when running a migration. However, we wanted a solution that could be more versatile and wouldn't require custom scripting for each new migration we would write.
As a result, we wrote a custom Drush command that acts as a wrapper around the default Migrate import command. Our custom command splits a large CSV file into smaller files that can be imported in batches.
As an example, the following command may be run:
drush migrate:import:batch sample_migration --batch-size=100
When the migration is run, the CSV source file for the sample_migration is split into smaller CSV files with 100 lines each. The migration runs for each of these files. These files are temporarily stored in the private files directory and are cleaned up after the migration is finished.
Other migration operations run like normal and all of the default options may be passed in. Migration mapping hashes are maintained, so the migration may be rolled back like normal, too.
The module's code currently exists in a Github repository which also contains more information on the module's usage, but we plan on releasing it as a contributed module on Drupal.org in the future. Feel free to give it a try on your project and let us know how it works for you!
Fall migration copy by ashokboghani licensed under CC BY-NC 2.0.
Development
Drupal
Site Building


text:
Black Elk Speaks: Being the Life Story of a Holy Man of the Oglala Sioux
The most famous Native American book ever written, "Black Elk Speaks" is the acclaimed story of Lakota visionary and healer Nicholas Black Elk (1863... Show synopsis The most famous Native American book ever written, "Black Elk Speaks" is the acclaimed story of Lakota visionary and healer Nicholas Black Elk (_PHONE_) and his people during the momentous, twilight years of the nineteenth century. Black Elk grew up in a time when white settlers were invading the Lakotas' homeland, decimating buffalo herds and threatening to extinguish their way of life. Black Elk and other Lakotas fought back, a dogged resistance that resulted in a remarkable victory at the Little Bighorn and an unspeakable tragedy at Wounded Knee. Beautifully told through the celebrated poet and writer John G. Neihardt, "Black Elk Speaks" offers much more than a life story. Black Elk's profound and arresting religious visions of the unity of humanity and the world around him have transformed his account into a venerated spiritual classic. Whether appreciated as a collaborative autobiography, a history of a Native American nation, or an enduring spiritual testament for all humankind, "Black Elk Speaks" is unforgettable. This special edition features all three prefaces to "Black Elk Speaks" that John G. Neihardt wrote at different points in his life, a map of Black Elk's world, a reset text with Lakota words reproduced using the latest orthographic standards, and color paintings by Lakota artist Standing Bear that have not been widely available for decades.


What is Extreme Energy?
Extreme Energy (sometimes written Xtreme Energy) is a term used to describe a group of energy extraction methods that have emerged in recent years as the availability of fossil fuel resources has become more constrained. As more usual methods of extracting fossil fuels fail to provide the amounts of energy that civilisation demands governments and corporations are taking increasingly extreme measures to feed these demands. Examples of these extreme methods include Tar Sands, Mountain Top Removal, Deep Water Drilling, Coal Bed Methane and Shale Gas. Other non-fossil fuel energy extraction methods such as agrofuels and a new generation of nuclear power stations, whose introduction is also being driven by the same pressures, are also sometimes considered part of the extreme energy sector.
For more information read this blog post >>


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Children's Fiddling Method Volume 2 by Carol Ann Wheeler. For Fiddle. Squareback saddle-stitched, Methods. Children. Beginning. Book/2-CD Set. 102 pages. Published by Mel Bay Publications, Inc (MB.95279BCD).
ISBN 9780786664849. Children. 9 x 11.75 inches.
This volume builds on the techniques explained in Children's Fiddling Method Volume 1. While created with children in mind, this book is equally well suited for adults, violinists, and string teachers. What sets this method apart from others is that the tunes will first be played slowly, unaccompanied, so that you can hear the notes and how the tune goes. Then, an arrangement follows which is more up to tempo with backup. All of the tunes will be broken down into parts for easier learning, and new fiddling techniques will be explained as they are introduced. Often, different versions will be offered for the same tune, providing variety and a way to learn more concepts, skills, and ideas that can be used in other tunes. The goal is to play along with the two included CDs. Special features of this volume are some optional twin fiddle parts and tips on twin fiddling. These pieces are great for teachers to use with students or for students to play with friends.
- How to Get the Most Out of This Book
- About the Author
- Lesson #1: Preparation for Our First Tune - Wake Up Susan
- Lesson #2: Wake Up Susan (Arrangement #1)
- Lesson #3: Variations for Wake Up Susan
- Lesson #4: Part 1 of Wake Up Susan with variations
- Lesson #5: Variations in Part 2 of Wake Up Susan
- Lesson #6: Wake Up Susan - Putting It All Together
- Lesson #7: Whistler's Waltz
- Lesson #8: Ornaments and Variations Used in Whistler's Waltz
- Lesson #9: Katy Hill
- Lesson #10: Katy Hill - basic tune (Arrangement #1)
- Lesson #11: Katy Hill - The way I play it. (Arrangement #2 with ornaments)
- Lesson #12: Something New! A Bonus! Twin Fiddle
- Lesson #13: Golden Slippers - Two Step (Arrangement #1)
- Lesson #14: Golden Slippers - Twin Fiddle Part
- Lesson #15: Optional Additional Ideas for Golden Slippers
- Lesson #16: Twin Fiddle to Golden Slippers
- Lesson #17: Preparing for Tennessee Gray Eagle
- Lesson #18: Let's play Tennessee Gray Eagle
- Lesson #19: Optional Harmony to Tennessee Gray Eagle
- Lesson #20: Tennessee Gray Eagle - Twin Fiddle Part
- Lesson #21: Optional bonus ideas for Tennessee Gray Eagle
- Lesson #22: Optional bonus licks for the 2nd part of Tennessee Gray Eagle
- Lesson #23: Using "hokum" bowing
- Lesson #24: Bonus hokum pattern - offered for advanced students
- Lesson #25: A Show Arrangement of Tennessee Gray Eagle
- Lesson #26: Preparing For The Bullfrog Blues
- Lesson #27: The Bullfrog Blues
- Lesson #28: Preparing for Marmaduke's Hornpipe
- Lesson #29: Marmaduke's Hornpipe (Arrangement #1)
- Lesson #30: Optional Harmony Part to Marmaduke's
- Lesson #31: Optional Harmony to Marmaduke's Hornpipe
- Lesson #32: More Ideas and Variations for Marmaduke's Hornpipe
- Lesson #33: Marmaduke's Hornpipe (Arrangement #2)
- Lesson #34: Preparation for Bear Creek Hop!
- Bear Creek Hop!
- Lesson #35: Preparation for Roy's Rag
- Lesson #36: Roy's Rag (Arrangement #1)
- Lesson #37: Roy's Rag - Using Two Strings
- Lesson #38: Optional Harmony to Roy's Rag
- Lesson #39: Contemporary Fiddle Tunes
- The Wrist Exercise
- Lesson #40: My Cousin's Reel (Arrangement #1)
- Lesson #41: Optional Twin Fiddle to My Cousin's Reel
- Lesson #42: Optional Variations on My Cousin's Reel
- My Cousin's Reel (Arrangement #2)
- Lesson #43: A New Key!
- Saturday Night Waltz
- Lesson #44: Preparing for Sandy River Belle
- Lesson #45: Sandy River Belle (Arrangement #1)
- Lesson #46: Adding drone strings to Sandy River Belle
- Sandy River Belle (Arrangement #2)
- Lesson #47: Optional Bonus Ideas for Sandy River Belle for Advanced Students
- Sandy River Belle (Arrangement #3)
- Lesson #48 Sandy River Belle - Twin Fiddle Part (Arrangement #1)
- Lesson #49: Sandy River Belle - Twin Fiddle Part (Arrangement #2)
- Lesson #50: Preparing for My Wild Irish Rose
- My Wild Irish Rose
- Lesson #51: Adding Ornaments to My Wild Irish Rose
- Lesson #52: My Wild Irish Rose with Ornaments
- Lesson #53: Woodchoppers' Reel
- Lesson #54: Adding Ornaments to Woodchoppers' Reel
- Lesson #55: Optional Fun Ideas for Woodchoppers' Reel
- Lesson #56: Woodchoppers' Part 2 - Optional Fun Variations
- Lesson #57: Building a New Arrangement of Woodchoppers' Reel
- Lesson #58: East Tennessee Blues
- Lesson #59: Optional Ideas for East Tennessee Blues
- Lesson #60: Putting It All Together for a New Arrangement
- Lesson #61: East Tennessee Blues (Arrangement #3)
- Lesson #62: Preparing for There Came An Old Man To My Daddy's Door (Jig)
- Lesson #63: There Came An Old Man To My Daddy's Door (Jig)
- Lesson #64: Adding Ornaments to "Old Man" Jig
Children's Fiddling Method Volume 2
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Children's Fiddling Method Volume 2
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Genre: Children Sheet Music