Beef Thawing Equipment
Beef is a standard meat product nowadays. Before eating the meat taken out from the refrigerator, we usually need to thaw it under room temperature or in cold water. In factories, thawing large pieces of frozen meat in this way before processing not only takes a long time but also has problems such as uneven temperature inside and outside, dark color, poor quality, and easy to grow bacteria.
The traditional beef thawing method usually uses water, air and vacuum condensation vapor medium to achieve thawing effect through heat conduction. There are mainly the following ways:
1.Airflow thawing: By adjusting the temperature difference among food, airflow, and the airflow velocity. Heat is transmitted to the freezer through the gas's static pressure in the product's surface boundary layer so that the fridge can achieve the purpose of thawing. This method has strong adaptability and little equipment investment, but the thawing time is long, and the efficiency is low.
2.Water thawing: Similar to air thawing, except that the medium is changed into water. Compared with air thawing technology, it is slightly better. Still, it is also inefficient and time-consuming and requires a lot of water resources that can not meet the standards of environmental protection.
The above two methods are traditional processing technology. During the freezing process, the surface temperature of food decreases, and the bacteria are inhibited. During the thawing process, the same surface area of food is also where the temperature rises. Because of the long thawing time, the bacteria reproduction starts again.
For more extensive materials, the surface begins to rot before thawing completely, aggravating the weight loss rate of raw materials. Because of the shortcomings of the above methods, our new professional beef thawing equipment is specially designed for meat products, seafood, aquatic products, and quick-frozen food thawing.
Beef thawing equipment
Beef thawing equipment
What are the significant advantages of beef thawing equipment compared with traditional thawing equipment?
1. Beef thawing equipment uses microwave thawing, adopting PLC system and temperature control module to precisely control temperature. Traditional thawing methods can not accurately control the temperature.
2. Traditional thawing time is extended. For example, water thawing takes more than 8-10 hours, natural thawing of air may take more than 24 hours. Microwave can go deep into the material and heat directly without heat conduction. The same material microwave equipment can be completed in half an hour.
For frozen meat pieces with a weight of 25 Kg and a shape size of 600 mm x 400 mm x 230 mm, it takes only 2 to 4 minutes for them to be rewarmed to -4 ~2 ~C by microwave thawing equipment at – 18 ~C. Processing capacity is related to meat quality, that is, the dielectric constant of meat. The bigger the meat quality, the smaller the processing capacity of lean meat.
Taking 100 kW microwave thawing equipment as an example, the reference data for theoretical estimation of the thawing capacity of frozen meat from – 18 C are as follows. The actual throughput varies according to the specific situation.
Temperature requirement90% Lean meat50% Lean meat
3. Thawing quality also is the focus of customers' concern. Meat products after natural air thawing have a dark color, while meat products after water thawing show gray-white color. Meat products after microwave thawing are still the same color as fresh meat.
Before Thawing
Beef thawing equipment
Beef thawing equipment
Beef thawing equipment
4. The traditional thawing method has a high meat loss rate. As for water loss, other ways generally lose more than 5% of the water, while microwave thawing can be controlled within 1%.
5. At the same time, air thawing and water thawing will produce a large amount of sewage. As an industrial production, it also needs supporting high-cost sewage treatment equipment, while microwave thawing does not need to be used for pollution-free and environmental protection.
6. The microwave thawing equipment is operated by a touch screen, which can set computer operation procedures suitable for the requirements of thawing process specifications and realize fully automatic operation. Moreover, the equipment can run continuously with high reliability.
The effects of different thawing methods on the nutritional composition of meat products were compared.
IndicatorFresh ContrastAir ThawingCold HydrolysisHot Water ThawingMicrowave Thawing
Crude Fat3.08±0.111.08±0.141.74±0.351.68±0.282.52±0.05
crude protein30.93±1.4630.08±0.5929.18±2.0828.79±0.5929.52±0.66
Ash content1.13±0.011.63±0.061.45±0.111.44±0.071.61±0.11
As shown in the figure, the determination of muscle combinations showed that the muscle moisture content of microwave thawing was significantly higher than that of new control. In addition to the lowest moisture content of air thawing, it may be due to the long time required for air thawing, resulting in more muscle moisture loss.
The content of muscle crude fat and crude protein was significantly lower than that of new control after treatment with different thawing methods. Still, compared with another way, microwave thawing was good for maintaining crude muscle fat and crude protein content. In thawing, the microwave thawing method cannot damage the muscular fibers in meat products and change the internal structure of cells. It could also reduce the rupture of cell membranes, ensure the loss of juice, and reduce nutritional value.
Nowadays, there are many manufacturers producing microwave equipment to thawing and sterilizing. Faced with the microwave thawing equipment produced by many companies, our company ranks first in equipment technology and pays more attention to environmental protection and pollution-free equipment.
1. Beef thawing equipment is a new type of food thawing equipment developed independently by our company by introducing foreign advanced technology.
2. By referring to the following data and comparing with other companies' microwave equipment, our company's machine has the advantages of:
Microwave drying equipmentOther microwave drying equipment
Microwave frequency915±25MHz915±25MHz
Microwave powerAbove 20kw-200kw（continuously adjustable）35kW
Transfer speed0.1～3m/min frequency conversion0.5～3m/min
Microwave leakage≤5mw/cm2(GB5959.6-87)≤5mw/cm2(GB5959.6-87)
Drying capacity0.5～1.0T/ h0.5～1.5T/ h
Capacity/Hour 5-7ton 4-6ton
Equipment appearance sizeLength x width x height
8000×5000×2300（mm）（ customized）
Length x width x height
Control mode
touch screen、PLC controltouch screen、PLC control
The large table shows the advantages of microwave beef equipment in the same industry more intuitively. It is healthy and bacteria-free, conforms to all health standards, and maintains the taste of food.
3. All our microwave equipment is sold directly by manufacturers. The company's service aim is to provide three packages a year + lifetime maintenance + tailor-made + long-term tracking service. It also offers a full set of pre-sale and after-sale services such as installation, commissioning, maintenance, training, technical consultation, etc. Free repair and replacement of spare parts within one year, lifelong service.
Beef thawing equipment
The company has several decades of manufacturing experience to find reasonable thawing methods, do not damage the nutritional value, and ensure that the maximum degree of preservation of food fiber after thawing.
Choosing our microwave beef device, both in the configuration of the equipment or the entire part, we have selected international and domestic brands of accessories to ensure quality, protection uses the safe and secure from initial design to improve safety and quickness and environmental viewpoint.
In addition to the use of safe, food products most important thing is health and safety, we follow the European and American standards, all for the thorough cleaning of equipment and food processing safety.
So that each piece of raw meat after thawing have quality assurance, ensure every consumer to eat more secure, let the microwave food thawing in the market-leading step in the future competition, we make you more satisfied with our service!


reactive.calc
reactive.calc(fn=None, *, session=MISSING)
Mark a function as a reactive calculation.
A reactive calculation is a function whose return value depends on other reactive value(s) (i.e., Inputs, Values, and other reactive calculations). Whenever a reactive value changes, any reactive calculations that depend on it are "invalidated" and automatically re-execute if called while invalid. If a reactive calculation is marked as invalidated, any other reactive calculations that recently called it are also marked as invalidated. In this way, invalidations ripple through reactive calculations that depend on each other.
Parameters
session: 'MISSING_TYPE | Session | None' = MISSING
A Session instance. If not provided, the session is inferred via get_current_session.
Returns
Type Description
Calc_[T] | Callable[[CalcFunction[T]], Calc_[T]] A decorator that marks a function as a reactive calculation.
Tip
Reactive calculations should not produce any side effects; to reactively produce side effects, use effect instead.
Reactive calculations are analagous to reactive expressions in Shiny for R.
See Also
Examples
#| standalone: true
#| components: [editor, viewer]
#| layout: vertical
#| viewerHeight: 400
## file: app.py
import random
import time
from shiny import reactive
from shiny.express import input, render, ui
@reactive.calc
def first():
 input.first()
 p = ui.Progress()
 for i in range(30):
 p.set(i / 30, message="Computing, please wait...")
 time.sleep(0.1)
 p.close()
 return random.randint(1, 1000)
@reactive.calc
def second():
 input.second()
 return random.randint(1, 1000)
with ui.card():
 with ui.layout_columns():
 ui.input_action_button("first", "Invalidate first (slow) computation")
 ui.input_action_button("second", "Invalidate second (fast) computation")
 @render.text
 def result():
 return first() + second()


World's First Pressure-based Gait Authentication System
Biometric Physical Security • Multi-Subject Tracking • Real-Time Streaming of Data
Stepscan® Secure is the world's first pressure-based gait-authentication system for access control. Stepscan® is the only company producing modular pressure-sensitive flooring that is large enough to capture many footsteps of natural gait leading to a secure area. It is configurable to suit most any space or hallway.
Stepscan® also has developed the world's first in multiple subject tracking based on real-time streaming of footprint data. This enables us to collect the footprint paths/tracks of multiple individuals simultaneously and combine the footprints in each person's path for added verification accuracy.
Based on the above features of our Stepscan® platform and research supported by the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) we have shown that we are able to analyze various features of a person's gait and foot/floor interactions and differentiate individuals just by their walking patterns.
security gate
Features at a Glance:
 - Gait samples for registration can be acquired passively during initial entries
 - Unobtrusive scanning as part of entrance system
 - Indiscernible to the public/would be imposters
 - Detects tailgating
 - Very difficult to steal/hack a person's gait to bypass system
Dual Authentication Access Control • Next-Level Security
Access control is an integral part of any business or facility's security, ensuring that only those with proper authority and credentials gain access. To enhance security measures many facilities are now moving to 2-Factor or Multi-Factor Authentication methods. They are usually a combination of a knowledge factor (PIN code), a Possession Factor (key card) and an Inherent factor (usually a biometric method such as a fingerprint, face or retinal scan).
2-Factor authentication helps ensure that the person attempting to gain access is who they say they are and reduces the risk of unauthorized access due to stolen passwords or key cards.
Stepscan's® pressure-based gait authentication system uses a subject's gait as the biometric authentication, providing next-level of security unavailable with any other system:
 - Passive registration - unlike other biometric technologies which require formal user registration, gait samples for registration can be acquired silently during initial entries reducing burden to both the staff and those seeking access.
 - Unobtrusive - A key feature of most biometrics is that the user must present themselves (e.g. finger, hand, iris, face etc) to a sensor and be scanned. Gait is a natural movement that usually takes place leading up to a secure entrance. It is completely unobtrusive.
 - Indiscernible - Because a user isn't required to actively present themselves for inspection, there is also the potential for making it hidden - and generally unknown to would be imposters
 - Detects tailgating - The flooring solution can be used to detect when two or more individuals enter a secure space only on the authentication of one individual.
 - Very secure - As gait is a by-product of a person's biomechanical makeup, it cannot easily be mimicked.
Watch Stepscan® Secure At Work
News from Stepscan
Interested in learning more?
Talk to a Stepscan Product Specialist to discuss your specific needs and to see what Stepscan can do for you.


text:
We are currently smack in the middle of the world-famous beer festival that is the Oktoberfest. It runs from late September to early October, a continuous drinkathon of between 16 to 18 days. It was once set at a standard 16 days and finished on the 1st Sunday in October but following the introduction of Unity Day (October 3rd), it can now last until then.
It's the world's largest fair, attracts around 5 million people every year and only beer
produced within Munich's borders is allowed to be sold here. Between 7 and 8 million litres are consumed at the Oktoberfest annually along with a prodigious amount of sausages, sauerkraut and other traditional German food. Bavarian beer is served in the famous 1 litre glass jugs.
The Oktoberfest began as a celebration of the marriage of Crown Prince Ludwig to Prince Therese in Oktober, 1810 which took place outside the City gates of Munich, where the Oktoberfest is still held. The celebration was repeated the next year with the traditional horse race to close the festival. For the next sixty years or so, the festival was more of a traditional fair than a beer drinking celebration – until the late 19th century when breweries began to sponsor the event and take part in the various competitions. Huge beer tents were also erected and the first glass beer mugs were used in 1892. Stats from the 1910 centenary show that 120,000 litres of beer were consumed and the fair gradually became a celebration of Bavarian beer.
The German diaspora ensures that Oktoberfests are held in many countries around the
world containing citizens of German ancestry. The largest is in Canada, attracting up to 1 million visitors every year but Brazil, the United States and Argentina also host huge festivals.
Tourists make up a significant minority of the Oktoberfest's visitors but many (especially foreigners) are caught out by the strength of the beer. While Germany beer averages 5.2%, Oktoberfest beer is usually brewed between 5.8% and 6.3%, ensuring that the various 'recovery' areas are always well populated.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Home / News / News
Gas Faucets Frequently Asked Questions
Jul. 12, 2021
Gas taps are the backbone of most laboratories and play a central role in daily operations. But even though they are so common in these environments, it is not common knowledge how they work, what they are specifically used for, and what gases they are suitable for.
Therefore, the laboratory valve supplier will answer all your gas tap questions in one helpful post.
What is a gas tap?
A laboratory gas tap or laboratory gas valve is a device that controls the flow of gas from its source of supply through a pipe.
They are essential devices in a range of chemical and physical exercises, from the basic level all the way up to commercial, industrial or research laboratories. They are usually located on a laboratory bench where they can be easily accessed by students, scientists or laboratory technicians.
Laboratory Gas Valve
How do gas taps work?
Gas faucets work very similar to faucets in that the valve blocks the free flow of gas until the faucet is turned and the valve is opened. Different faucets have different types of valves. An example of this is the push-turn valve or needle valve used in a drop lever faucet.
Gas Faucet Applications
Gas valves are used to control the flow of various gases in laboratory applications. The most common are natural gas and liquefied petroleum gas. Gas taps suitable for most pressurized gases in this environment are available.
Water Valve
Water Valve
Why are gas faucets yellow?
Gas tap controls are often bright yellow in school laboratory environments where they need to be easily visible and error free for safety reasons. The yellow pull-down lever, used for a series of gas faucets, allows teachers to quickly scan the room and determine if the faucet is turned on.
However, in commercial and scientific laboratories, the handwheels on laboratory gas taps can be color coded according to the standards set out in DIN EN 13792 for easy reference
What are gas taps used for?
Gas taps are used in a variety of laboratory environments, including school laboratories, scientific research laboratories, and commercial and industrial laboratories.
cnchinawujie _EMAIL_ _PHONE_


Bluetooth and ANT+ Sensors
The Dash can be paired to Bluetooth and ANT+ sensors, including power meters, heart rate monitors, speed and cadence sensors, as well as smart trainers and other bio-sensors. To pair to a Bluetooth or ANT+ sensor:
 1. First activate or wake the sensor up.
 - Heart rate monitor: Put the sensor on.
 - Speed/Cadence sensors: Either move or pass by the corresponding magnet.
 - Power meter: Rotate the sensor.
 2. Go to Main Menu > Activity Sensors > Add Sensor > BLE or ANT Sensors.
 - A list of sensors available to the Dash will populate.
 3. Select a sensor and then choose from the following options:
 - Cancel: Cancels selection and sensor will not be added
 - Confirm: Adds sensor to the currently selected activity profile.
 - Enabled Activities: Adds sensor to all currently enabled activity profiles.
 - Add to All: Adds sensor to every activity profile.
Manual Entry (ANT+)
ANT+ sensors have simple ANT+ IDs that can be entered and saved to the Dash without using the search function. If the sensor has a visible ANT+ ID, it can be added directly into the activity sensors list:
 1. Go to: Main Menu > Activity Sensors > Add Sensors > Manual Entry.
 2. Select Sensor Type, then use the arrow buttons to select the correct sensor category.
 3. Press the enter button to confirm selection, then select Confirm.
 4. Locate the ANT+ ID number on your sensor and enter it into the number field.
 - Use the arrow buttons to change the digit and then use the enter button to advance to the next digit.
 - Note that if your sensor ID is shorter than the number of fields, it should be preceded by 0s.


text:
Monroe Community College Sanitary Sewer Project
This project involved the design of 2,400 linear feet of gravity sanitary sewer along the frontage of Monroe Community College (MCC), a crossing of East Henrietta Road (NYS Route 15A) and installation through a narrow corridor between commercial buildings located on White Spruce Boulevard. The purpose of the sewer installation is to eliminate an existing sanitary sewer pump station.
Construction included crossing 5 lanes of traffic on East Henrietta Road and City of Rochester 24" water main through the installation of 145 LF for 24" diameter steel casing and PVC pipe through the bore and jack method of trenchless installation. This method was also used to cross two (2) of the MCC entrance roads to prevent disruption to the college. In addition, 250 linear feet of the sewer was installed by the horizontal directional drilling method through a narrow corridor located between several commercial buildings. The corridor is crowded with underground utilities and surface structures.
The trenchless pipe installation portion of the work was bid as four (4) different alternatives at the request of the Town of Brighton. These alternatives included:
- Horizontal Directional Drilling with high density polyethylene pipe (HDPE).
- Close Tolerance Horizontal Directional Drilling with restrained joint PVC pipe.
- Pilot Tube Micro-tunneling with hubless vitrified clay tile pipe.
- Bore and Jacking Method with steel casing and PVC pipe.
A combination of horizontal directional drilling and the bore and jacking method proved to be the most cost effective methods for performing the trenchless pipe installation in this location. The trenchless pipe installation was performed by a local contractor. The open trench pipe installation was performed by the Town of Brighton Sewer Department.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
Pulse width modulation (PWM) AC drives can generate elevated differential mode voltages due to the reflected wave phenomenon, fast rise times and peak voltages. While many users are familiar with differential mode voltages, common mode voltages created by PWM inverters are less familiar. Problems associated with common mode voltages can include erratic behavior of the controller resulting in time out errors, ground faults, and in the most extreme cases, premature failure of the motor bearings, motor windings, and cables.
Many solutions to protect motors are present in the market. This paper presents data showing how three filters: a typical dV/dt filter, a dV/dt filter utilizing a triple defense core, and a common mode choke, perform in providing both common mode and differential mode filtering. The data shows that a typical dV/dt filter does not provide common mode filtering and a common mode choke does not provide differential mode filtering. Only the filter containing the triple defense core provides both common mode and differential mode filtering to protect the motor. This paper will also discuss how the various topologies lend themselves to providing the required protection.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Definition - What does Smart Pig mean?
A smart pig is an inspection device that records information about the internal conditions of a pipeline. It is used to detect and measure corrosion and metal loss internally and externally on the pipe wall. Smart pigs can also detect curvatures in the pipeline.
When referring to using a smart pig for a pipeline some may refer to the process as "pigging the pipeline."
A smart pig is also known as a pipe pig, pipeline pig, pipeline inspection gauge, pipeline inline inspection tool, natural gas pipeline inspection tool or corrosion detection pig.
Corrosionpedia explains Smart Pig
Smart pigs are pipeline inspection tools that consist of large pieces of machinery combined with powerful technology that help with the maintenance of pipelines.
These inspection tools provide data on the condition of pipelines, which helps gauge the health and integrity of the pipes. These smart pigs ensure that transmission of the product does not stop due to pipeline integrity issues, which can be disastrous.
Smart pigs can be inserted into the pipeline at a location, such as a valve or pump station, that has a special configuration of pipes and valves where the tool can be loaded into a receiver. The receiver is closed and sealed, and the flow of the pipeline product can be directed to launch the tool into the main line of the pipeline. A similar setup is located downstream, where the tool is directed out of the main line into a receiver, removed from the pipeline, and the recorded data retrieved for analysis and reporting.
Smart pigs may measure several different things from inside the pipeline, including restrictions and deformations of the pipe, as well as metal loss. Odometer wheels are used to measure exactly where the pig is within the pipeline.
Smart pigs are used to detect problems such as:
- Stress corrosion cracking
- General corrosion
- Pitting corrosion
- Anomalous weld seams
- Longitudinal cracks
- Longitudinal grooves


text:
The first phase of the International Ideas Competition for the former industrial area of the Italsider was successfully concluded. At the deadline of the call, scheduled for 11.00 on 7 January, 36 applications from groupings of architectural firms were presented, which include over 160 studies, 40 of which are international, testifying to the strong interest that aroused the initiative .
The International Ideas Competition for the Bagnoli area is intended to design the new landscape of the former industrial area of Naples, which covers an area of 250 hectares, transforming it into one of the largest and most fascinating international urban parks.
The future of the Bagnoli site, as in the Environmental Rehabilitation and Urban Regeneration Programme, is to make the most of geographic, landscape, environmental, social and cultural resources, restoring the quality of life and a general well-being of places for citizenship and for future users of this area.
We intend to realise this vision through a low-density settlement project, with a high-quality environment whose key elements are green areas and a range of new residential, commercial and tertiary activities.
Its core is the large urban park of about 120 hectares which is expected to develop into a new green heart of Naples. An attraction, which will host industrial archaeology artefacts, research spaces, leisure and sporting activities and that, through its 2 km of waterfront, is an ideal link with the Gulf of Naples.
This call will help to define the future park design, outlining the overall planivolumetric plan of the area for better enhancing landscape and natural heritage.
Invitalia, the National Development Agency based in Rome, has launched this competition, which is part of an ambitious environmental rehabilitation and urban regeneration project.
The deadline is set for January 7, 2020 at 11:00am.
The total amount of prizes is 325,000 euros, of which 150,000 for first place, 100,000 for second place and 75,000 for third place.
In accordance with the Italian law, Invitalia has the right to entrust the winner with the next stage of design of the urban park for an estimated value of 4 million euros.


text:
They mostly contain various junk items such as clipboards, bottles, and shot glasses. They often contain around 4-9 caps, and can even rarely contain Nuka-Colas, cartons of cigarettes, and sometimes various ammunition types.
- They can be found basically anywhere throughout the Wasteland both on the surface and underground.
- The majority of them are in stores, buildings, and alleys.
- Getting the Scrounger and Fortune Finder perks can increase the amount of caps and ammunition found in garbage cans.
- Garbage cans may respawn random items every 72 hours, and for this reason they are not safe for player to use as storage.


text:
'Waggling' Wings Could Save 20% in Fuel Consumption
Image credit: Jstockard
Aircraft 'Waggle Effect' Can Reduce Fuel Consumption 20%
Everybody knows that flying is an energy intensive activity. Unfortunately, many long awaited innovations in fuel-efficient aviation are of the more far-fetched variety - I'm thinking airships, blended wings etc. Yet it's long been noted that the addition of 'winglets' to aircraft wings can reduce fuel consumption - in fact, Southwest Airline's use of winglets even earned them a nomination from one of our readers for our Unexpected Green competition. But that's not the only simple improvement that could cut fuel use - now a team from the University of Warwick in the UK claims that 'waggling' air accross aircraft wings could cut skin friction drag by 40%, offering a 20% savings in fuel consumption and emissions. Read on for more details.
Green Car Congress brings us more details on this cutting-edge aviation research from the UK that could lead to significant airplane fuel efficiency improvements in the medium to short term:
Aircraft wings which redirect air to waggle sideways over their surfaces could significantly reduce drag and thus cut fuel consumption and emissions by 20%, according to researchers at the University of Warwick (UK). The new approach, which promises to dramatically reduce mid-flight drag, exploits Helmholtz resonance—the same phenomenon that happens when blowing over a bottle—to produce micro-scale jet flows in response to turbulent noise.
The main contributor to aerodynamic drag, and thus fuel consumption and emissions, is fine-scale turbulence that exists very near to the aircraft's surface during cruise. The Turbulence Flow Control group at the University of Warwick has been studying non-powered (passive) flow control actuators as a means of reducing drag for some time, with the goal of developing flow-control technologies capable of major drag reductions on passenger jet aircraft.
Warwick is focusing on passive actuators because if an actuator is to be used on an aircraft, it must save more energy (in reduced drag) than it requires for its operation. Unfortunately, the researchers at Warwick note, many powered devices that have been developed for the drag-reduction application are unlikely to satisfy this fundamental net-saving requirement.
In a project funded jointly by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) and Airbus, Warwick and other universities are investigating the potential of using new types of passive devices for turbulent drag reduction. One of the ideas under investigation was the use of Helmholtz resonance.
Dr Duncan Lockerby, one of the researchers, said in a press release about the waggle wing research that they weren't entirely sure why the waggle effect was so pronounced, but "with the pressure of climate change we can't afford to wait around to find out. So we are pushing ahead with prototypes and have a separate three year project to look more carefully at the physics behind it. Here's hoping they can figure out a way to make it work in the real world!


getwl: Win-loss measures at individual level
Description Usage Arguments Details Value Author(s) References See Also Examples
Description
Function to obtain win and loss measures at individual level from the observed sociomatrix.
Usage
1
 getwl(X, names=NULL, method=c("Dij","Pij"))
Arguments
X
Empirical sociomatrix containing wins-losses frequencies in dyadic encounters. The matrix must be square and numeric.
names
Character vector with the names of individuals. This vector is NULL by default
method
A character string indicating which dyadic dominance measure is to be used for the computation of David's scores. One of "Dij" or "Pij", can be abbreviated.
Details
By means of the empirical sociomatrix of wins and losses this function computes several win-loss measures at individual level. Specifically, it computes w, weighted.w, l and weighted.l. w is the sum of individuals' dyadic dominances Dij or the sum of proportions of wins Pij by rows, depending on the specification of the method. weighted.w measures is the sum of individuals' Dij or Pij values weighted by the w values of their interactants. l is the sum of individuals' dyadic dominance indices Dij or the sum of individuals' proportions of wins Pij by columns. And finally, weighted.l is the columns sum of individuals' Dij or Pij values weighted by the l values of their interactants. These measures are used when computing David's scores.
Value
The result is a data frame with the following components:
w
Sum of dyadic dominance indices Dij or proportions of wins Pij by rows.
weighted.w
Weighted sum of dyadic dominance indices Dij or proportions of wins Pij.
l
Sum of dyadic dominance indices Dij or proportions of wins Pij by columns.
weighted.l
Weighted sum of dyadic dominance indices Dij or proportions of wins Pij.
Author(s)
David Leiva _EMAIL_ & Han de Vries _EMAIL_.
References
David, H. A. (1988). The Method of Paired Comparisons. London: C. Griffin.
de Vries, H., Stevens, J. M. G., & Vervaecke, H. (2006). Measuring and testing the steepness of dominance hierarchies. Animal Behaviour, 71, 585-592.
See Also
getDij, getPij, getDS.
Examples
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 3
 4
 5
 6
 7
 8
 9
10
11
12
13
14
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##############################################################################
### Example taken from Vervaecke et al. (2007): ###
##############################################################################
X <- matrix(c(0,58,50,61,32,37,29,39,25,8,0,22,22,9,27,20,10,48,
 3,3,0,19,29,12,13,19,8,5,8,9,0,33,38,35,32,57,
 4,7,9,1,0,28,26,16,23,4,3,0,0,6,0,7,6,12,
 2,0,4,1,4,4,0,5,3,0,2,1,1,5,8,3,0,10,3,1,3,0,0,4,1,2,0),
 nrow=9,byrow=TRUE)
individuals <- c("V","VS","B","FJ","PR","VB","TOR","MU","ZV")
res <- getwl(X,names=individuals,method="Dij")
print(res,digits=3)
steepness documentation built on May 2, 2019, 2:31 p.m.


of the Navigation example app on GitHub.
You can set a LanguageCode to localize the notification text and a UnitSystem to decide on metric or imperial length units. Make sure to call this before a route is set, as otherwise default settings (en-US, metric) will be used:
private func setupVoiceGuidance() {
 let ttsLanguageCode = getLanguageCodeForDevice(supportedVoiceSkins: VisualNavigator.availableLanguagesForManeuverNotifications())
 visualNavigator.maneuverNotificationOptions = ManeuverNotificationOptions(language: ttsLanguageCode,
 unitSystem: UnitSystem.metric)
 // Set language to our TextToSpeech engine.
 let locale = LanguageCodeConverter.getLocale(languageCode: ttsLanguageCode)
 if voiceAssistant.setLanguage(locale: locale) {
 print("TextToSpeech engine uses this language: \(locale)")
 } else {
 print("TextToSpeech engine does not support this language: \(locale)")
 }
}
For this example, we take the device's preferred language settings. One possible way to get these is shown below:
private func getLanguageCodeForDevice(supportedVoiceSkins: [heresdk.LanguageCode]) -> LanguageCode {
 // 1. Determine if preferred device language is supported by our TextToSpeech engine.
 let identifierForCurrenDevice = Locale.preferredLanguages.first!
 var localeForCurrenDevice = Locale(identifier: identifierForCurrenDevice)
 if !voiceAssistant.isLanguageAvailable(identifier: identifierForCurrenDevice) {
 print("TextToSpeech engine does not support: \(identifierForCurrenDevice), falling back to en-US.")
 localeForCurrenDevice = Locale(identifier: "en-US")
 }
 // 2. Determine supported voice skins from HERE SDK.
 var languageCodeForCurrenDevice = LanguageCodeConverter.getLanguageCode(locale: localeForCurrenDevice)
 if !supportedVoiceSkins.contains(languageCodeForCurrenDevice) {
 print("No voice skins available for \(languageCodeForCurrenDevice), falling back to enUs.")
 languageCodeForCurrenDevice = LanguageCode.enUs
 }
 return languageCodeForCurrenDevice
}
Note that the HERE SDK supports 37 languages. You can query the languages from the VisualNavigator with VisualNavigator.availableLanguagesForManeuverNotifications(). All languages within the HERE SDK are specified as LanguageCode enum. To convert this to a Locale instance, you can use a LanguageCodeConverter. This is an open source utility class you find as part of the Navigation example app on GitHub.
Each of the supported languages to generate maneuver notifications is stored as a voice skin inside the HERE SDK framework. Unzip the framework and look for the folder voice_assets. You can manually remove assets you are not interested in to decrease the size of the HERE SDK package.
However, in order to feed the maneuver notification into a TTS engine, you also need to ensure that your preferred language is supported by the TTS engine. Usually each device comes with some preinstalled languages, but not all languages may be present initially.
Supported Languages for Voice Guidance
Below you can find a list of all supported voice languages together with the name of the related voice skin that is stored inside the HERE SDK framework:
 - Arabic (Saudi Arabia): ar-SA_tarik_compact
 - Czech: cs-CZ_iveta_compact
 - Danish: da-DK_magnus_compact
 - German: de-DE_anna_compact
 - Greek: el-GR_nikos_compact
 - English (British): en-GB_serena_compact
 - English (United States): en-US_tom_compact
 - Spanish (Spain): es-ES_jorge_compact
 - Spanish (Mexico): es-MX_angelica_compact
 - Farsi (Iran): fa-IR_anonymous_compact
 - Finnish: fi-FI_onni_compact
 - French (Canada): fr-CA_chantal_compact
 - French: fr-FR_audrey_compact
 - Hebrew: he-IL_carmit_compact
 - Hindi: hi-IN_lekha_compact
 - Croatian: hr-HR_anonymous_compact
 - Hungarian: hu-HU_mariska_compact
 - Indonesian: (Bahasa) id-ID_damayanti_compact
 - Italian: it-IT_alice_compact
 - Japanese: ja-JP_sakura_compact
 - Korean: ko-KR_sora_compact
 - Norwegian: (Bokmål) nb-NO_henrik_compact
 - Dutch: nl-NL_claire_compact
 - Portuguese (Brazil): pt-BR_luciana_compact
 - Polish: pt-PT_joana_compact
 - Romanian: ro-RO_ioana_compact
 - Russian: ru-RU_katya_compact
 - Slovak: sk-SK_laura_compact
 - Swedish: sv-SE_alva_compact
 - Thai: th-TH_kanya_compact
 - Turkish: tr-TR_cem_compact
 - Ukrainian: uk-UA_anonymous_compact
 - Chinese (Simplified China): zh-CN_tian-tian_compact
 - Chinese (Traditional Hong Kong): zh-HK_sin-ji_compact
 - Chinese (Traditional Taiwan): zh-TW_mei-jia_compact
Stop Navigation
While turn-by-turn navigation automatically starts when a route is set and the LocationPrivider is started, stopping navigation depends on the possible scenario:
Either, you want to stop navigation and switch to tracking mode (see below) to receive map-matched locations while still following a path - or you want to stop navigation without going back to tracking mode. For the first case, you only need to set the current route to nil. This will only stop propagating all turn-by-turn navigation related events, but keep the ones alive to receive map-matched location updates and, for example, speed warning information. Note that propagation of turn-by-turn navigation events is automatically stopped when reaching the desired destination. Once you set a route again, all turn-by-turn navigation related events will be propagated again.
If you want to stop navigation without going back to tracking mode - for example, to get only un-map-matched location updates directly from a location provider - it is good practice to stop getting all events from the VisualNavigator. For this you should set all delegates individually to nil.
You can reuse your location provider implementation to consume location updates in your app. With HERE positioning you can set multiple LocationUpdateDelegate instances.
Tracking
While you can use the VisualNavigator class to start and stop turn-by-turn navigation, it is also possible to switch to a tracking mode that does not require a route to follow. This mode is also often referred to as the driver's assistance mode. It is available for car and truck transport modes.
To enable tracking, all you need is to call:
visualNavigator.route = nil
locationProvider.enableDevicePositioning()
Here we enable getting real GPS locations, but you could also play back locations from any route using the LocationSimulator (as shown above).
Of course, it is possible to initialize the VisualNavigator without setting a route instance - if you are only interested in tracking mode you don't need to set the route explicitly to nil. Note that in tracking mode you only get events for the NavigableLocationDelegate. All other delegates will simply not deliver events when a route is not set. This enables you to keep your delegates alive and to switch between free tracking and turn-by-turn-navigation on the fly.
Tracking can be useful, when drivers already know the directions to take, but would like to get additional information such as the current street name or any speed limits along the trip.
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text:
DROP DEFAULT (Transact-SQL)
Removes one or more user-defined defaults from the current database.
DROP DEFAULT will be removed in the next version of Microsoft SQL Server. Do not use DROP DEFAULT in new development work, and plan to modify applications that currently use them. Instead, use default definitions that you can create by using the DEFAULT keyword of ALTER TABLE or CREATE TABLE.
Before dropping a default, unbind the default by executing sp_unbindefault if the default is currently bound to a column or an alias data type.
After a default is dropped from a column that allows for null values, NULL is inserted in that position when rows are added and no value is explicitly supplied. After a default is dropped from a NOT NULL column, an error message is returned when rows are added and no value is explicitly supplied. These rows are added later as part of the typical INSERT statement behavior.
A. Dropping a default
If a default has not been bound to a column or to an alias data type, it can just be dropped using DROP DEFAULT. The following example removes the user-created default named datedflt.
USE AdventureWorks2012; GO IF EXISTS (SELECT name FROM sys.objects WHERE name = 'datedflt' AND type = 'D') DROP DEFAULT datedflt GO
B. Dropping a default that has been bound to a column
The following example unbinds the default associated with the EmergencyContactPhone column of the Contact table and then drops the default named phonedflt.
USE AdventureWorks2012; GO IF EXISTS (SELECT name FROM sys.objects WHERE name = 'phonedflt' AND type = 'D') BEGIN EXEC sp_unbindefault 'Person.Contact.Phone' DROP DEFAULT phonedflt END GO


Evaluate selector
Overview
The Evaluate Selector filter enables you to evaluate the contents of a specified selector expression, and return a boolean result. A selector is a special syntax that enables API Gateway configuration settings to be evaluated and expanded at runtime.
This filter enables you to evaluate a specified selector expression and make a decision in a policy based on whether the expression value fails or passes. For example, you could use the following expression to check if the user belongs to a particular group that allows the user to access a particular resource:
This expression checks if the memberOf attribute retrieved for the first user contains the specified value (in this case, membership of a particular group). If the expression matches, the filter passes.
Alternatively, you could use the following selector expression to check if the user email address is valid:
This expression checks if the mail attribute retrieved for the first user contains the specified value (in this case, a particular email address). If the expression matches, the filter passes.
For more details on selectors, see Select configuration values at runtime in the API Gateway Policy Developer Guide.
Configuration
Configure the following settings:
Name:
Enter a descriptive name for this filter to display in a policy.
Expression:
Enter the selector expression to be evaluated. Defaults to the following selector expression:
Related Links


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 - _PHONE_ _PHONE_
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text:
A Hattiesburg museum is paying special tribute in February to soldiers who served in the Gulf War more than 20 years ago. In recognition of Black History Month, the African-American Military History Museum is hosting a temporary exhibit on that conflict, with a special emphasis on the evolution of technology through war history.
Changing technology in the Gulf War was the focus of a lecture at the museum Saturday morning from Southern Miss professor of history Dr. Andrew Wiest. His was the first of four presentations that will take place in February honoring veterans of the Gulf War.
"It's important to honor soldiers of any war and the Gulf War has been kind of, in some ways, historically glossed over and almost forgotten, considering the wars that are still going on in that area today," said Wiest.
"It's just very important that we say thank you to each veteran that has served our country, especially during a time of conflict," said LaToya Norman, general manager of the African-American Military History Museum.
Each of the Gulf War presentations will take place Saturday mornings at 11 o'clock.


text:
This tutorial is going to show you how to activate a twitter widget (API 1.1) in JS animated templates. If your template comes with a twitter widget HTML code like:

In order to activate it,
- Go to _URL_
- Log in, if needed, into your twitter account.
- Click "Create New".
- On the next page under Configuration you can change the default settings, when needed (like height, theme, link color etc). The results of your manipulations can be seen on the right. Or you may skip the step if you wish to make changes to the widget later.
- Click "Create Widget". This will create a new field with some code highlighted.
- Copy the code.
- Open the.html file in Dreamweaver and paste the code where you would like to see your twitter widget.
- Save the changes and open the file in a web browser. The twitter widget should appear where you added the code.
- Using Firebug for Firefox you may change the default height/width etc of your widget to match the layout of your site.
Feel free to check the detailed video tutorial below:


text:
Following the death of Meriwether Lewis on Oct. 11, 1809, at Grinder's Stand, an inn along the Natchez Trace in middle Tennessee, his body was buried near the inn's stable—with no formal ceremony—and his grave was covered with wooden fence rails.
For more than 30 years, Gov. Lewis' grave remained abandoned and unmarked. Tennessee lawmakers established Lewis County as a memorial to Gov. Lewis in 1843 and allocated $500 to erect a monument over his grave. The monument, built in 1848, still stands along the National Park Service's Natchez Trace Parkway. It is about eight miles southeast of Hohenwald, Tenn.
The monument features a broken column, symbolizing Lewis' early and tragic death.
Unfortunately, the grave was abandoned once more and became overgrown with vegetation until the 1920s, when the Meriwether Lewis Memorial Association was formed. Through the association's work, President Calvin Coolidge designated the gravesite a national monument in 1925. That same year, the U.S. War Department assumed maintenance of the gravesite. Maintenance was transferred to the U.S. Department of the Interior in 1933.
President John F. Kennedy brought the gravesite under the management of Natchez Trace Parkway in 1961, and the site was renamed Meriwether Lewis Park.
The site features the grave and monument, along with a 1930s reproduction of Grinder's Stand, a pioneer cemetery, a campground, picnic tables, exhibits and trails. The site, at milepost 385.9 on the parkway, is about 70 miles southwest of Nashville.
During a ceremony on Oct. 7, 2009, marking the 200th anniversary of his death, a bronze bust of Gov. Lewis will be dedicated to the Natchez Trace Parkway for a planned visitor center. The Meriwether Lewis Chapter of the Lewis and Clark Trail Heritage Foundation will host the event, called "Courage Undaunted—The Final Journey." This will be the first national memorial service ever held to honor Lewis' life and achievements.
To view a map of the burial site, visit _URL_
Sources: National Park Service, Meriwether Lewis Chapter of the Lewis and Clark Trail Heritage Foundation, Tennessee Historical Society


text:
Title:Early 20th century German and Russian bank notes
Includes one 1905 3 ruble note, one 1909 5 ruble note, two 1000 mark notes from 1910, one 10000 mark note from 1922 and one
bogus modern note (Calif.) meant as humor.
Title supplied by cataloger.
Minted in Berlin and presumably Moscow.
6 banknotes : color ; 13 x 21 cm. or smaller.
BANC PIC 19xx.284--PIC


Unit Converter
0.9166 Cups to Tablespoons
0.9166 Cups =
1.46656 x 101
(scientific notation)
Cups to Tablespoons Conversion Formula
[X] tbsp = 16 × [Y] cup
where [X] is the result in tbsp and [Y] is the amount of cup we want to convert
0.9166 Cups to Tablespoons Conversion breakdown and explanation
If we want to calculate how many Tablespoons are 0.9166 Cups we have to multiply 0.9166 by 16 and divide the product by 1. So for 0.9166 we have: (0.9166 × 16) ÷ 1 = 14.6656 ÷ 1 = 14.6656 Tablespoons
So finally 0.9166 cup = 14.6656 tbsp
Popular Unit Conversions


A 100 percent sustainable, self-build, co-housing scheme
I am hoping to solve the climate and housing problems on the Isles of Scilly, including the second home ownership issue which leaves many residents struggling to own homes because of the increased house prices. This led me to develop key 'Zero Waste' principles. Considering the Scilly problems and the three pillars of holistic sustainability (community, economy and ecology) I am proposing an Ikeatype/ wiki-house instruction booklet to self-build a 100 percent sustainable self-build co-housing scheme. This includes improving on existing sustainability standards.
I want to go beyond the Passivhaus certification and address embodied carbon and wellbeing.
I also want to push the co-housing principles to the max. Reconsidering the common house (a key element of a co-housing scheme) and adding the additional element of a zero waste, resident – run recycling centre, with workshop and shop to initiate a circular economywaste to resource system on the island.
Illustrations of the 3 key drivers of the scheme: Materials for their lifespan, Holisitc Sustainability approach and A Cyclical House System.
1. Materials used for their lifespan
2. Holistic sustainability
3. A cyclical house system
The overall site plan displaying the landscaping of wild and more defined allotments acting as a buffer zone between front door and communal paths.
A contrast between the structured "growth gardens" and "free,wild gardens" shows a buffer between public and private. Each residence and the commonhouse/ recycling centre have their own 2 metre buffer perimeter.
Rendered View of the inbetween spaces, that the wild landscape inhabits and the built form shares.
A wild landscape embraces the houses and common house to re-introduce biodiversity and promote a sustainable way of living to the max.
The house model broken down as an exploded axonometric to show how it is ticking the sustainability agenda set out for the scheme.
To achieve 100 percent sustainability the house must be easily built, affordable and achieve (at minimum) a PassivHaus certification.
CONTACT EMAIL: _EMAIL_
LINKEDIN: _URL_
Currently Looking for Part 2 employment.
Curated by Laura Selwood


I'm trying to understand the formulas for successfully mining a block (without a pool) based on hashrate over time (i.e. to chart the probability of finding a block at various historical points compared to network hashrate at the time).
It seems like this post is exactly the formula I'm looking for, but it doesn't actually add up. I'm awful at math so I can't tell if I'm missing a step or if the post is wrong. If there's a better/more accurate way of figuring this out, please share, but I'm specifically interested in learning if this is wrong or not and why.
It says the probability of being the one to successfully mine a block with 13.5 TH/s and a network hashrate of 11,000,000 TH/s = 0.00000122
Then it says:
Now, in a month, there are N=6*24*30 mined blocks. To find the probability of winning one award in a month, we use the Bernoulli trial formula
N*p1*(1-p1)^(N-1) = 0.0026
Now when I put that in Excel with N=4320, I get.005243, I only come up with the same answer when I divide N by two for N=2160, but I can't figure out any reason for that to be the case. Am I missing something or is this just a typo? Is this formula even a good way of approximating this?
The formula is a reasonable approximation. It looks to me like your calculation is right, and the blog author has made an error.
There is a minor inaccuracy in that the number of blocks per month is not fixed at 6*24*30, but is subject to random variation. So a slightly improved solution is to work out the average number of terahashes needed for one block (h = _PHONE_ * 600, assuming that the network hash rate is stable and the block difficulty has adjusted accordingly). Then your probability of winning a block on each of your hashes is q1 = 1 / h, and you will perform M = 12.5 * 60 * 60 * 24 * 30 hashes in one month. If you treat the number of blocks you win as a Poisson distribution, the probability of winning one block in a month is given by λ * exp(-λ) where λ = M*q1. This yields the slightly larger number 0.005273.
Your Answer


text:
Evaluating the Performance of the Production Line with Simulation Approach in Meat Processing Industry: A Case from Turkey
Sinem Büyüksaatçi Kiriş, Ph.D.
The production capacity and employment in the meat processing industry in Turkey has increased in parallel with the demand of the growing population. The meat processing industry turns animal raw materials into ready-to-eat products with a long shelf life such as sausages, garlic-flavored fermented sausages, salami, bacon, roasted meat, and ham. It is clear that the meat processing industry is entirely dependent on animal husbandry. However, due to animal production rate exceeds the rate of meat consumption in Turkey, both government agencies and organizations, as well as meat processing companies, are forced to manage the demand for meat and to improve their production lines. In this study, in order to meet the increasing demand of customers in a meat processing company operating in Istanbul, 4 different scenarios were developed with the idea of how to create more final products in the same working time. The scenarios were examined using the simulation model and the utilization rates of machines have been evaluated. In addition, the effects of the scenarios on the final product amount were discussed. Thus, the findings of the study assisted the decision-makers in the company for the selection of the right approach.
Keywords: ARENA Software, Food Processing, Meat Processing Industry, Meat Production, Productivity, Simulation
Jel Classification: C63, E27
Büyüksaatçi Kiriş, S.,
Ünal, M. (2020). Evaluating the Performance of the Production Line with Simulation Approach in Meat Processing Industry: A Case from Turkey. Alphanumeric Journal, 8(1), 1-16. _URL_
- Abed, S. Y. (2008). A simulation study to increase the capacity of a rusk production line. International Journal of Mathematics and Computers in Simulation, 2(3), 228-237.
- Akgül, S., & Yildiz, Ş. (2016). Red Meat Production Forecast and Policy Recommendations in Line with 2023 Targets in Turkey. European Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies, 1(2), 431-438.
- Armenzoni, M., Bottani, E., Rinaldi, M., Gallo, S. A., & Montanari, R. (2016). Analysis, simulation and optimization of the milking process in a cowshed for the production of parmigiano reggiano. International Journal of Food Engineering, 12(9), 851-865.
- Aydogdu, M. H., & Kucuk, N. (2018). General analysis of recent changes in red meat consumption in Turkey. IOSR Journal of Economics and Finance (IOSRJEF), 9(6), 1-8.
- Biesalski, H. K. (2005). Meat as a component of a healthy diet–are there any risks or benefits if meat is avoided in the diet?. Meat Science, 70(3), 509-524.
- Bruzzone, A. G., & Longo, F. (2013). An advanced modeling & simulation tool for investigating the behavior of a manufacturing system in the hazelnuts industry sector. International Journal of Food Engineering, 9(3), 241-257.
- De Smet, S., & Vossen, E. (2016). Meat: The balance between nutrition and health. A review. Meat Science, 120, 145-156.
- Demirkol, C., & Azabagaoglu, M. O. (2017). Analysis of Business Structures on Capacity Usage in Determining Encountered Problems of Red Meat Industry in Turkey. Social Sciences Research Journal, 6(4), 359-369. ISSN: 2147-5237
- Hasan, K. A. M., Kadhum, A. H., & Morad, A. H. (2019). Evaluation of Yogurt Production Line Simulation Using Arena Software. Al-Khwarizmi Engineering Journal, 15(4), 71-78.
- Hecker, F., Hussein, W., & Becker, T. (2010). Analysis and optimization of a bakery production line using ARENA. International Journal of Simulation Modelling, 9(4), 208-216.
- Hussein, W. B., Hecker, F., Mitzscherling, M., & Becker, T. (2009). Computer Modelling and Simulation of Bakeries' Production Planning. International Journal of Food Engineering, 5(2).
- Jiménez-Colmenero, F., Carballo, J., & Cofrades, S. (2001). Healthier meat and meat products: their role as functional foods. Meat Science, 59(1), 5-13.
- Kamarudin, N. F., Rani, R. M., & Halim, F. A. (2019). Improving the Food Manufacturing System by Using Simulation and DEA. In Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Computing, Mathematics and Statistics (iCMS2017) (pp. 555-561). Springer, Singapore.
- Karakuş, K., Çelikyürek, H., & Aygün, T. (2018). "Providing the Need of Red Meat in Turkey. Hayvan Bilimleri ve Ürünleri Dergisi, 1(1), 52-58.
- Liong, C. Y., Hamid, S. H. A., & Ibrahim, I. M. (2016, June). Improving the performance of chili sauce manufacturing process using simulation approach. In AIP Conference Proceedings (Vol. 1750, No. 1, p. 030026). AIP Publishing LLC.
- McAfee, A. J., McSorley, E. M., Cuskelly, G. J., Moss, B. W., Wallace, J. M., Bonham, M. P., & Fearon, A. M. (2010). Red meat consumption: An overview of the risks and benefits. Meat Science, 84(1), 1-13.
- Parthanadee, P., & Buddhakulsomsiri, J. (2014). Production efficiency improvement in batch production system using value stream mapping and simulation: a case study of the roasted and ground coffee industry. Production Planning & Control, 25(5), 425-446.
- Polat, M., & Cevger, Y. (2016). Türkiye Et İşleme Sanayinde Mevcut Durum. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 4(2), 96-103.
- Rani, R. M., Ismail, W. R., & Ab Rahman, M. N. (2014b). Operators' Evaluation and Allocation in SME's Food Manufacturing Company Using Analytical Hierarchy Process and Computer Simulation. International Journal of Applied Physics and Mathematics, 4(3), 215-222.
- Rani, R. M., Ismail, W. R., & Ishak, I. (2014a). An integrated simulation and data envelopment analysis in improving SME food production system. World Journal of Modelling and Simulation, 10(2), 136-147.
- Saygın, Ö., & Demirbaş, N. (2017). Türkiye'de Kırmızı Et Sektörünün Mevcut Durumu ve Çözüm Önerileri. Hayvansal Üretim, 58(1), 74-80.
- Walker, P., Rhubart-Berg, P., McKenzie, S., Kelling, K., & Lawrence, R. S. (2005). Public health implications of meat production and consumption. Public Health Nutrition, 8(4), 348-356.
- Wang, S., Wu, B., Qian, J., & Chen, D. (2018). Simulation and optimization for wheat flour production processes based on Flexsim. Journal of Zhejiang A&F University, 35(5), 942-947.
Volume 8, Issue 1, 2020
Received: April 10, 2020
Accepted: May 31, 2020
Published: June 30, 2020
Full Text [637.8 KB]
Büyüksaatçi Kiriş, S.,
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence, which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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text:
When a pepper plant has flowers but no peppers it is because of a lack of fertilization or extreme temperatures.
For lack of pollination, there is an easy solution to help the pepper plant make fruit. First a little science background: Pepper plants are self-pollinating. A pepper flower already has both parts needed for fertilization, the pollen and the ovules. When the pollen gets to the ovules that is fertilization and the pepper plant will begin producing fruit.
Sometimes peppers have flowers but they drop off, or they don't seem to be turning into peppers – it could be from a variety of reasons, such as lack of pollination, or extreme temperatures (super hot 90˚F+ temperatures often cause pepper plants can drop blooms).
The pollen producing part of the pepper flower are the anthers and they sit on top of slender filaments. The ovule or egg producing part of the flower is further down inside the flower. It has a long filament that extends out of the flower with a stigma at the top. The stigma can be seen surrounded by the anthers in the picture below. When pollen gets on the stigma it travels down the long filament to the ovule and completes the fertilization process.
One thing to keep in mind regarding pepper pollination:
If it's very hot or cold, pollination may not occur. Pollination and pepper fruit set is not as likely to occur when daytime temperatures rise above 85˚ F or when nighttime temperatures drop below 60˚ F.
Growing Peppers Indoors?
If you are growing indoors or in a greenhouse, then it is going to be up to you to be the pollinator! Here's how:
Step one, be the wind.
Gently shake your pepper plant early in the morning. This allows the pollen to fall from the anther and move around inside the flower. When pollen lands on the stigma fertilization has occurred.
Step two, be the bee.
Bees are professional pollinators and so this second method is more reliable. Touch the pollen on the anthers with a cotton swab or the tip of your finger and get it covered in pollen. Rub the swab onto the stigma that is sticking out above the anthers. Moving the pollen from the anthers to stigma accomplishes fertilization. Now, with the same swab, move on to all the flowers by getting more pollen on the swab and putting it on the stigmas.
These steps can be performed in the morning throughout the flowering cycle to ensure proper fertilization.
One more thing – be patient!
Your pepper plants may be flowering but it takes time for peppers to arrive. If the entire bloom doesn't drop off but starts to shrivel, look for a tiny pod developing inside the spent blossom – it may be that you have peppers but they're just not big enough to see yet! If the temperatures are not too hot (over 90˚F) and if you're growing outdoors that allow for wind and bee pollination, your peppers are probably coming soon!
Remember, some peppers take a lot longer to mature than many other vegetables. Some of the super hots take a lot longer to flower and fruit, such as the Carolina Reaper which takes 90 days until the start of harvest, or the Trinidad Scorpion peppers take even longer at 120 days, the Ghost Pepper takes 110 days, and the Aji Pepper takes 100 days, and the Orange Habanero takes about 90 days of growing before the pods start coming. So if you grow in short season regions, faster growing peppers may be best, read below...
Faster Growing Peppers:
Impatient? Starting late? If you want peppers sooner, make sure to check out our fastest growing peppers which can harvest in as little as 57 days (Chocolate Bell) or some of our Jalapeno seeds when grown will have plants that being to harvest in just 65 days!
And one last note:
Don't over fertilize your peppers!
Too much nitrogen, especially later in the season, can cause your pepper plants to grow lush and green but not have any blossoms.
Read more about this pepper growing issue:


text:
Research England's second iteration of new and enhanced KEF dashboards, passes another major milestone as it builds on positive feedback on the first version.
Knowledge Exchange Framework (KEF) is already regarded positively in higher education, improving the status of knowledge exchange, driving strategic and evolved approaches, and helping to improve data. It is also generally regarded as a sound approach, with new features introduced today.
These new features provide even better public information on the rich and diverse ways English universities continue to engage with society and our economy, locally, nationally, and internationally.
KEF2 uses updated data and an evolved methodology to examine the performance of English higher education providers (HEPs) from a variety of different perspectives.
New features for KEF2 further demonstrate that regardless of the type of activity that a university may specialise or excel in, this is reflected in their final results.
KEF2 provides a more accurate picture of how universities perform across the sector while preserving the considered and tested model developed alongside the sector.
The new dashboards are available on the KEF's interactive website.
Delivering economic and social impact
Building on the successes of the first iteration of the KEF, KEF2 continues to demonstrate the range of valuable activities universities conduct with external partners across seven perspectives. These perspectives include:
- public and community engagement
- working with partners ranging from big businesses to small local firms
- how they commercialise home-grown research.
It also demonstrates the diversity of universities that support the government's key national and global priorities through these activities.
The KEF is recognised by the government as 'valuable to capture contributions to economic growth, such as place and civic contributions' and plays an important part in driving forward these agendas.
David Sweeney CBE, Executive Chair of Research England, said:
Knowledge exchange is integral to the mission and purpose of our universities, and its importance in contributing to societal and economic prosperity is strongly supported by the government.
Today's new version of the KEF takes further forward the vision and potential of KE activity, providing richer evidence to demonstrate universities' strengths in different areas when set alongside their peers.
This technical evolution of the first iteration of KEF dashboards includes:
- an evolved methodology
- updates to the current metrics
- enhanced presentation of the results.
These changes were designed following a deep-dive review of the first iteration with the sector to further improve the robustness of the results. KEF1 dashboards were published in March 2021.
For the first time, KEF2 includes university activity conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic.
It takes into account the KEF's underlying data and insights from the UCI Policy Evidence Unit at the University of Cambridge. And its results highlight the remarkable resilience of the English higher education sector during a period of disruption and instability.
In particular, activity levels have been maintained across a breadth of KE in order to support the UK's economic and societal recovery from the pandemic.
In KEF2, encouraging signs of growing success are emerging particularly in the perspectives for intellectual property and commercialisation and research partnerships.
The core principles underpinning KEF2 however remain largely unchanged, drawing on the successes of the first iteration as a novel framework in KE.
Significantly, the KEF compares institutions on a like-for-like basis, with similar institutions being grouped together with their peers in 'KE clusters'.
This is a fair and balanced approach that avoids making unhelpful comparisons between incomparable institutions.
Clustering has been instrumental in demonstrating the value of universities of all sizes and specialisms and their contributions to the UK economy.
KEF results are determined by taking data covering a wide range of a university's activities and using this to form a series of metrics.
These then go into seven perspectives, and updated for the second iteration, a university receives a quintile score for each perspective displayed in relation to the average for its cluster.
The KEF website continues to show the detailed, qualitative information submitted by HEPs for the first iteration about how they build community engagement and promote growth in their local areas.
For more information about the KEF, including about clusters, perspectives and metrics, please take a look at the technical notes on the KEF website.
The majority of the data that form the metrics of the KEF continues to comes from the long-standing HESA Higher Education Business and Community Interaction survey, supported by:
- narratives provided by the institutions for the first iteration that inform the local growth and regeneration, and public and community engagement perspectives
- data provided by Innovate UK
- data provided by Elsevier.
All institutions in receipt of a Research England Higher Education Innovation Fund (HEIF) allocation in 2021 to 2022 are included in the exercise.
Some institutions who were eligible for HEIF but did not meet the threshold for an allocation have still elected to participate in the KEF. The clusters are not ranked, and the KEF is not a league table.
Research England will continue to develop future iterations of the KEF annually. The KEF is not currently used to inform funding.
Top image: Credit: PeopleImages, iStock, Getty Images Plus via Getty Images


Straw Fountain
I'm always on the lookout for fun and easy science experiments to try with my kids, so when I came across this simple straw fountain, I knew I'd found a winner. You'd never guess by looking at it that this little straw triangle could act as a water pump, capable of spraying water halfway across the kitchen! (Grabbing some towels before you start is definitely recommended.) Silly as this straw fountain is, it actually opens up some really interesting questions about centrifugal forces if you want to take the discussion a little deeper. Or, just let your kids explore and experience some amazing spinning science!
 1. Ages: 5 - 16
 2. 30 minutes - 1 hour
 3. Super messy
Step-by-step tutorial
 - Step 1
 Cut a straw in half. Take one half and use a needle to poke a hole through the middle of the straw. Put a skewer through the hole.
 Photo reference of how to complete step 1
 - Step 2
 Use scissors to make two slits to the right and left of the skewer, about a half-inch away. Make sure you don't cut the straw all the way through.
 Photo reference of how to complete step 2
 - Step 3
 Adjust the placement of the straw on the skewer, so the skewer tip and the straw ends all meet at the same point. Use tape to secure the straw ends in place, making sure not to cover any straw openings.
 Photo reference of how to complete step 3
 - Step 4
 Fill a glass with water and hold the skewer so that the bottom tip of the triangle is submerged.
 Photo reference of how to complete step 4
 - Tip
 Do this part outside or somewhere you don't mind getting a little wet!
 - Step 5
 With the top of the triangle above water, roll the skewer between your hands and watch your DIY water fountain come to life! What happens if you spin a little faster or slower?
 Photo reference of how to complete step 5
 - Tip
 Try making a bigger triangle shape and see what happens!
 - Learn moreMagnifying graphic
 What's going on? Believe it or not, this simple straw fountain works just like many industrial water pumps! Centrifugal pumps use motor-driven spinning blades to fling water radially outward, just like your fountain does. This is just like the behavior of paint in a spin art machine, or water in a washing machine. (Try peeking inside your washing machine while it's draining — you'll see the drum inside spinning very quickly, which flings the excess water out of drum.)
 The outwards push experienced by the water is called "centrifugal force" — except it's more accurate to call it a "pseudo force". You can explore how this works with another pseudo force you're probably familiar with. Say you're in a car as it accelerates from zero to sixty — you'll be pressed back into your seat. If the driver then slams on the brakes, you'll fly forward. In other words, you get thrown in the direction opposite your acceleration. It's the same thing with the water in the fountain. It's being moved in a circle, so the direction of acceleration is towards the center of the circle. The water experiences a push in the opposite direction, and is flung outwards through the straw — and all over the floor!
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Proof that $\sqrt[3]{3}$ (Just need a check)
Let $\sqrt[3]{3}= \frac{a}{b}$ both a,b are integers of course. $\Rightarrow 3=\frac{a^{3}}{b^{3}}$ $\Rightarrow$ $3b^{3}=a^{3}$ $\Rightarrow$ 3b=a $\Rightarrow$ $3b^{3}=27b^{3}$ and this is a contradiction because the cubing function is a 1-1 function. Does this work?
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Why is that $3b = a$? – Makoto Kato Sep 27 '12 at 5:10
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4 Answers
No, $3b^3=a^3$ does not imply that $a=3b$. In fact if $a=3b$, then $a^3=(3b)^3=3^3b^3=27b^3$. What $3b^3=a^3$ does imply is that $3\mid a^3$, which then further implies that $3\mid a$. Then you have $a=3m$ for some integer $m$, and $3b^3=a^3=(3m)^3=27m^3$. Divide through by $3$ to get $b^3=9m^3$. Now $3\mid b^3$; what does this tell you about $b$? If you had begun by assuming (as you certainly may) that $\frac{a}b$ was in lowest terms, how would this be a contradiction?
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Let $n \ge 2$ be an integer. Let $m \ge 2$ be a square free integer. I claim that $\sqrt[n]{m}$ is irrational. The claim that $\sqrt[3]{3}$ is irrational follows immediately.
Suppose $\sqrt[n]{m} = \frac{a}{b}$, where gcd$(a, b) = 1$. Then $b^n m = a^n$. Let $p$ be a prime number such that $p|m$. Since $p|a^n, p|a$. Hence $p^n|a^n$. Since $m$ is square free, $p^{n-1}|b^n$. Since $n \ge 2, p|b^n$. Hence $p|b$. Since gcd$(a, b) = 1$, this is a contradiction.
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Below are a few ways to prove $\,3^{1/3}\,$ is irrational.
By the Rational Root Test, any rational root of $\rm\:x^3 - 3\:$ is an integer, contradiction.
$\rm\,3^{1/3} = a/b\:\Rightarrow\: a^3 = 3b^3\, $ contra unique factorization: the number of $3$'s in $\rm\,a^3\,$ is a multiple of $3$, versus one more than a multiple of $3$ in $\rm\,3b^3.$
Irrationality proofs for cube roots follow from irrationality proofs for square roots!
This inductive proof generalizes to higher-degree.
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Supposing $\sqrt[3]{3}$ is a rational solution of an equation, we can assume $x=\sqrt[3]{3}$ and $x^3=3$. But $x^3=3 \Rightarrow x^3-3 =0$. The rational-root theorem tells us that for a polynomial $f(x) = a_nx^n + a_{n−1}x^{n−1} + \ldots + a_1x + a_0$ all of whose coefficients ($a_n$ through $a_0$) are integers, the real rational roots are always of the form $\frac{p}{q}$, where $p$ is an integer divisor of $a_0$ and $q$ is an integer divisor of $a_n$. In this equation the possible rational roots could be $3,-3,1,-1$ and there wasn't any $\sqrt[3]{3}$. So $\sqrt[3]{3}$ is an irrational number.
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pISSN : 1598-706X / eISSN : 2288-8381
한국주조공학회지 (11권3호 245-253)
A Study on the Thermal Stresses Analysis of the Flat Mould
평평한 금형(金型)의 열응력(熱應力)에 관한 연구(硏究)
Soo -Hong Min*, Bon -Kwon Koo**. Ok -Sam Kim*
*In Ha University, **Seoul National University Of Science & Technolocy
It is known that the analysis of thermal stresses is substantially important in optimal design of casting mould. In this paper unsteady state thermal stresses generated in ingot and mould during the solidification process are analyzed by the two dimensional thermal elasto-plastic analysis. Distribution of temperature and stress of the mould is calculated using the finite element method and compared with experimental result. The significant results obtained in this study are as follows. At the early stage of the casting process, abrupt temperature change was shown in the vicinity of the inner surface of the mould. The largest temperature gradient is occurred at the corner of the mould. In the thermal stress analysis, compressible stress occurred in the inside wall of the mould where as tensile stress on outside wall. Smaller thermal stress is observed at the rounded corner. It is also observed that the shown is influenced by the thickness of the wall. A fairly good coincidence is found between analytical and experimental results, showing that the proposed analytical methodology is reliable.


text:
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DARPA gives Pratt & Whitney $33.8M for new turbine tech
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- Rodney H. Brown
Pratt & Whitney, the aerospace and defense engine unit of Hartford, Conn.-based conglomerate United Technologies Corp., has received a $33.8 million contract from the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) to develop a power-generating turbine using the propulsion technology being developed for the next generation of hypersonic aircraft.
Under the DARPA deal, which falls under Phase 2 of the Vulcan advanced propulsion program, Pratt & Whitney will work on a way to use the Constant Volume Combustion (CVC) engine technology to power an electricity-generating turbine. In a conventional turbine, fuel and air are constantly fed into a combustion chamber and continually burned, yielding a constant pressure of hot gases flowing across the turbine blades. In a CVC engine, the volume of the combustion chamber is restricted and constant and the fuel and air mix is fed in and burned off completely in rapid microsecond pulses.
The CVC technology was developed as a much more efficient way to burn fuel and air in a hypersonic aircraft travelling at speeds and heights where traditional turbine-based jet engines can't properly function. Because of that increased operating efficiency, DARPA is looking at using CVC as the "burner" element in a power-generating turbine for naval vessels. The goal of Pratt & Whitney's part of the Vulcan 2 program is to demonstrate a 20 percent fuel burn reduction for a ship-based power generation turbine.
In 2009, Pratt & Whitney won a $3 million Vulcan Phase 1 contract to develop a combined CVC module and turbine engine, intended for high-Mach military aircraft. In late 2009, the company tested its CVC rig, showing it could operate on both JP-8 jet fuel and conventional diesel fuel.
Pratt & Whitney's parent United Technologies (NYSE: UTX) was founded in 1853 by elevator manufacturing pioneer Elisha Graves Otis. In November of 2009 it paid $1.82 billion for GE Security, a business unit of GE Corp. that makes fire detection systems, alarm systems, video surveillance and access control systems.
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text:
As seen in The Daily – 3.30.2022
Lydia Kisley focuses on single-molecule microscopy, method to observe how molecules behave on metal surface as it corrodes
(This story is one of several about 2022 winners of the NSF CAREER award at Case Western Reserve University.)
Case Western Reserve University physicist Lydia Kisley—whose single-molecule-focused research has applications from pharmaceuticals to medicine to infrastructure—has been awarded a National Science Foundation (NSF) Faculty Early Career Development Program (CAREER) grant.
The grant will support Kisley's lab in an ongoing investigation into the chemical underpinnings of how metal corrodes at the molecular level. The research could have future applications in battery and solar energy technologies, energy-efficient catalytic reactions and the corrosion of infrastructure.
The CAREER award is considered the agency's most prestigious grant to junior faculty members "who have the potential to serve as academic role models in research and education and to lead advances in the mission of their department or organization."


Supernatural Superheroes by Heather Trim
Supernatural Superheroes is booklet for kids and teens to learn practical information about God, His angels and how some became demons. Heather Trim does a superb job at bringing the truth about who the devil is and and the role he and demons play in the world today through demonization.
She presents Jesus' Escape Plan of deliverance and how to heal the wounded soul on a level young people can understand.
Topics this 60-page booklet FOR KIDS includes:
1. Who, What, Where Is God?
2. Introducing Angels
3. Introducing Evil
4. Effects of Evil
5. The Escape Plan
6. Prophetic Deliverance
7. Supernatural Healing Plan
8. Supernatural Superheroes
*Includes a list of Resources for Teens [and preteens] to learn about God and pursue healing. Resources are also listed on the Supernatural Superheroes homepage.)
**Currently the prerequisite reading for children attending the Family Deliverance Retreats through Bear Creek Ranch.
This 60-page booklet is available at the Bear Creek Ranch bookstore.
Supernatural Children Series:
Book 1: Are My Children Demonized?
Book 2: Supernatural Superheroes


text:
The Conquest of Happiness
Introduction by Anthony Grayling
Published February 1st 2006 by Routledge – 200 pages
Series: Routledge Classics
The Conquest of Happiness is Bertrand Russell's recipe for good living. First published in 1930, it pre-dates the current obsession with self-help by decades. Leading the reader step by step through the causes of unhappiness and the personal choices, compromises and sacrifices that (may) lead to the final, affirmative conclusion of 'The Happy Man', this is popular philosophy, or even self-help, as it should be written.
'He writes what he calls common sense, but is in fact uncommon wisdom.' - The Observer


Albanian National Archives
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
The Albanian National Archives (Albanian: Arkivi Qëndror i Shtetit or A.Q.SH) is the official archives of the Republic of Albania. It maintains important papers about Albania. It is in the city of Tirana and has smaller archives around the country. It was started in 1949.[1] It used to be ran by the Party of Labour of Albania, who ran the country. They were Communists. They stopped running the country in 2001 and the Swiss Federal Archives had to help the Albanian National Archives become up to date, because it's collections were damaged and the archives had no computers to help people find papers it has. By 2004, it's collections were fixed and it had computers and people could easily find what they were looking for.[2] The archives had many very important historical documents, including the Codex Beratinus,[3] Codex Beratinus II,[3] and version of the New Testament called the Elbasan Gospel Manuscript.[4] In 2011, the archives started working with the World Digital Library, who puts the archives photographs and books on their website so more people can see them.[5][6]
References[change | change source]
Other websites[change | change source]


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USDA – Rural Development - Water and Environmental Programs
Solid Waste Management Grant Program
Due: December 31, 2010
The objectives of the Solid Waste Management Grant Program are to:
- Reduce or eliminate pollution of water resources in rural areas; and
- Improve planning and management of solid waste sites in rural areas.
NOTE: Rural areas are defined as any area not in a city or town with a population in excess of 10,000, according to the
latest decennial census of the United States.
Solid Waste Management grants may be used to:
1. Evaluate current landfill conditions to determine threats to water resources.
2. Provide technical assistance and/or training to enhance operator skills in the operation and maintenance of
3. Provide technical assistance and/or training to help communities reduce the solid waste stream.
Provide technical assistance and/or training for operators of landfills which are closed or will be closed in
the near future with the development and implementation of closure plans, future land use plans, safety and
maintenance planning, and closure scheduling within permit requirements.
For More Information:


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Mental functions are influenced by states of physiological arousal. Afferent neural activity from arterial baroreceptors at systole conveys the strength and timing of individual heartbeats to the brain. We presented words under limited attentional resources time-locked to different phases of the cardiac cycle, to test a hypothesis that natural baroreceptor stimulation influences detection and subsequent memory of words. We show memory for words presented around systole was decreased relative to words at diastole. The deleterious memory effect of systole was greater for words detected with low confidence and amplified in individuals with low interoceptive sensitivity, as indexed using a heartbeat counting task. Our observations highlight an important cardiovascular channel through which autonomic arousal impacts a cognitive function, an effect mitigated by metacognition (perceptual confidence) and interoceptive sensitivity.
Read full paper here.


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Sitting With It: Everyday Activities
Ashley Metz, MS, Mountain Valley Program Director shares with us how every activity in residential treatment has a therapeutic impact. All activities in a residential setting work towards the clinical health of our residents.
Many applicants will ask what you "do" all day at a residential treatment center (RTC). Most RTCs offer individual therapy a few times a week and traditional group therapy once a day, yet this is not the totality of the therapeutic work at these programs. Group Activities, Activities of Daily Living (ADLs), Independent Academics, and Personal Time are all opportunities do clinical work. And, in fact, it's often where the residents have to put into practice all of the things that learn in traditional therapy.
At Mountain Valley, where we treat anxiety and OCD, it's important to allow residents to be exposed to the activities and experiences that cause them distress. Through these exposures, they are able to collect data on how they react and function in real life activities. They can then take that information into their therapy sessions to develop new skills and strategies to overcome their stressors.


Words that describe, words that evaluate
Are your words objective and unbiased, or do they judge?
The beauty of well-chosen words is that they convey rich information. We use oral or written language to tell stories, to paint pictures, to help others know, see, hear, taste, smell, and feel the things that we have known, seen, heard, tasted, smelled, and felt.
We do all this through the power of descriptive words. Through description, we can tell readers or listeners about a massive, moss-covered oak stump, on which sat a tiny Yorkshire terrier puppy staring up at us with its head cocked to one side.
But some words go beyond description; they don't just tell objectively about how things are. Some words are evaluative, and they include judgments about the goodness or badness of something. Through evaluative words, the the puppy becomes adorable.
In this case, the attribute of being adorable is subjective. A different person might say that the puppy looks like something from a mawkish greeting card.
With descriptive words, a car can be expensive. Through evaluative words, it becomes over-priced.
A manager can be energetic, or overbearing.
Writers use both descriptive and evaluative words. Good writers understand the difference, and weigh their words based on this: "Do I want to describe, or evaluate?"
This entry was posted in Word Choice. Bookmark the permalink.
One Response to Words that describe, words that evaluate
 1. Lars Walker says:
 There's a classic game of triads (I don't know what it's actually called):
 I am principled. You are narrowminded. He is a bigot.
 I am a bon vivant. You overdo it sometimes. He is a drunk.
 I am easygoing. You cut some corners. He is lazy.
 I am spontaneous. You're unreliable. He is nuts.
 For a woman: I am friendly. You are easy. She's a slut.
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text:
To make an educated decision, you need to know what publishing does and what it does not.
Publishing is the process of copying content from one database to another. By default there is one source database -
master and one destination database
web database is the publishing target.
When you publish, Sitecore copies data from 3 tables
UnversionedField. Copy here is not just moving bytes. It is a sophisticated process that transforms data to the form that works best for delivery. From top of my head the following transformations are performed:
- Clones are merged
- Language fallback fields are materialized
- Old Item versions are removed so only recent one is kept
But Sitecore is not just
Fields. Other important artifacts are not moved when you publish content. What is not included:
- xDB data
- Sitecore modules, fixes, updates
- Users and Roles (although permissions are moved as they are stored in Item
- Application Files - configuration, CSS, JS, Razor views and others
- Application Code
After content is copied, target Server receives
publish:end:remote event. During this event pipeline Sitecore clears caches for affected items and pushes affected items to Search Indexes.
As you can see, publishing is an expensive process. It may be an overkill to use it if you want to have two always synchronized environments. Consider shared database or SQL Replication for that scenario.
Multiple Publishing Targets work best for scenarios when two conditions are met:
- Sitecore and your App versions are synchronized
- You need to control over how your content is traveling from one environment to another.
Steve Newstead already provided great sample when it make most sense in his answer


text:
Vatalia Anikina, Valery Golender, Svetlana Kozhakhina, Leonid Vainer, and Bernara Zagatsky
This paper presents REASON, an NLP system designed for knowledge-based information search in large digital libraries and the WWW. Unlike conventional information retrieval methods, our approach is based on using the content of natural language texts. We have elaborated a searching strategy consisting of three steps: (1) analysis natural language documents and queries resulting in adequate understanding of their content; (2) loading the extracted information into the knowledge base and in this way forming its semantic representation; (3) query matching proper consisting in matching the content of the query against the content of the input documents with the aim of finding relevant documents. The advanced searching capabilities of REASON are provided by its main constituents: the Language Model, the Knowledge Base, the Dictionary and the Software specially developed for content understanding and content-based information search. We characterize the particularities of the System and describe the basic components of the formal linguistic model, the architecture of the knowledge base, the set-up of the Dictionary, and the main modules of the System - the module of analysis and the logical inference module. REASON is an important contribution to the development of efficient tools for information search.


text:
Atomic-Pile Heat Warms Buildings (May, 1952)
Atomic-Pile Heat Warms Buildings
From an atomic "furnace" that will need "stoking" only once in 30 years, British engineers are taking heat to warm the radiators of 80 offices. The experimental atomic pile is located at Harwell, Britain's atomic-research station. About 180,-000 cubic feet of air per minute are used in cooling the pile, and the engineers decided this hot air could be put to work heating near-by buildings. Now the high-temperature air is passed through heat exchangers which transmit the heat to water. The heat is transferred to a secondary circuit which passes through conventional radiators in the buildings.


text:
On Yamal, in the harsh Seyakhinskaya tundra, Nenets Mikhail Okotetto grows potatoes, radishes, peppers and even strawberries in greenhouses in greenhouses.
Two greenhouses have grown in the Seyakhinskaya tundra. The buildings belong to Mikhail Okotetto, a native of Yamal.
Agrarian experiments have become interesting for the Nenets since 1995. Then he was at home in a wooden barrel from under the fish, planted his first potato.
A few tubers of the root crop made the northerner very happy. Later he brought willow from Omsk. Now a two-meter tree meets and escorts the residents of the village on the pier.
In 2019, a man delivered the first greenhouse to this land along the winter road. The family ate their own cucumbers, tomatoes and onions.
The agronomist decided not to stop there. In the new building, he will plant seedlings of pepper, radish, potatoes and even strawberries.
"The climate is getting warmer now. We will not wait for the northern delivery of potatoes, cucumbers, but we can grow them ourselves for food," said Mikhail Okotetto, head of the Ilebts community.