text:
- Strongly Support means you believe: Too few Americans have adequate health insurance. The government should make funds available for more complete coverage, or should expand existing government-run coverage to all citizens. A single-payer system would solve most healthcare problems.
- Support means you believe: The government should provide coverage or subsidize health insurance for at-risk groups such as children and the elderly. Society benefits when more people are covered. Universal health insurance is a good goal, although some market methods can work as well as government systems.
- Oppose means you believe: While more thorough health coverage is a noble
idea, further health coverage should be promoted through non-government means.
- Strongly Oppose means you believe: Nationalized health care would entail a government takeover of a large portion of the economy and undue intrusions into our personal medical histories.
Remove the federal government from the health care industry.
This question is looking for your views on how large a role the federal government should play in the health care industry. However you answer the above question would be similar to your response to these statements:
How do you decide between "Support" and "Strongly Support" when you agree with both the descriptions above? (Or between "Oppose" and "Strongly Oppose").
The strong positions are generally based on matters of PRINCIPLES where the regular support and oppose positions are based on PRACTICAL matters.
If you answer "No Opinion," this question is not counted in the VoteMatch answers for any candidate.
If you give a general answer of Support vs. Oppose, VoteMatch can more accurately match a candidate with your stand.
Don't worry so much about getting the strength of your answer exactly refined, or to think too hard about the exact wording of the question -- like candidates!
- Single-payer universal coverage
- Insure the millions of uninsured Americans
- Require coverage of all children
- Supported Obama's "Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act" (PPACA)
- Strongly Support means you believe in the principle of single-payer government-run healthcare.
- Support means you believe in practical progress toward universal health coverage.
- Oppose means you believe in practical progress towards healthcare availability via the free market.
- Strongly Oppose means you believe in the principle that government should not be involved with providing healthcare.
HMOs & MANAGED CARE
- 'ObamaCare' refers to the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) of 2010, which reformed healthcare insurance with the goal of near-universal coverage.
- Critics refer to ObamaCare as socialized medicine -- which could mean the government runs the healthcare system, as in the United Kingdom, but more accurately in the United States means that the federal government mandates individual health coverage.
- Individual Mandate: The crux of the opposition to ObamaCare is whether the federal government can mandate that individuals purchase health insurance -- that will be tested in a Supreme Court case late in 2012.
- 'RomneyCare' refers to the Massachusetts state version of mandated healthcare initiated under Gov. Mitt Romney -- its principal difference being a STATE mandate instead of a FEDERAL mandate.
- Opponents of ObamaCare suggest replacing it with the following list of reforms: cross-state purchasing; tort reform; Health Savings Accounts; small business pooling; and transparency for better patient choice.
- Tort Reform refers to changing the rules about civil litigation, typically to cap damage awards. In a political context, it usually applies to medical malpractice lawsuits, but in a legal context, it also applies to personal injury and product liability lawsuits. The term "tort" means "at fault;" when a doctor is found at fault, a jury can currently award unlimited damages. Awards in the millions of dollars put upward pressure on malpractice insurance rates; hence many conservatives favor tort reform as a means to reduce healthcare costs. Proposed solutions include capping lawsuit compensation or restricting "frivolous lawsuits." Trial lawyers--the recipients of legal fees from tort awards--heavily favor Democratic candidates, so Republicans would like to limit their legal fees.
- The Supreme Court decided the case "National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius" on June 28, 2012, on the constitutionality of ObamaCare's individual mandate. Justices Roberts and Kennedy were very skeptical that the mandate was justified under the "commerce clause." But the government's lawyer made a strong case for the government's taxing power—that argument eventually won the day—because the mandate would be administered by the Internal Revenue Service, paid on your Form 1040 on April 15th. The president had argued that the mandate was not a tax; the court decided it was.
PATIENT'S BILL OF RIGHTS
- Prior to ObamaCare, comprehensive national health care reform had died in Congress in 1994 (after a report by a commission run by Hillary Clinton, hence the moniker "HillaryCare").
- 16% of Americans (42 million people) have no health insurance (and hence must pay for health services in full, or receive hospital charity).
- 14% of Americans receive some form of public health care or health insurance (70% have private health insurance).
- 20% of Americans are members of Health Maintenance Organizations (HMOs).
Congress and the Presidential candidates are debating a 'Patient's Bill of Rights' which would establish rules of dealing with HMO managed care. The buzzwords in this debate are:
MEDICAID / MEDICARE
- External Appeal: Patients cannot currently appeal an HMO's decision to deny coverage, even if the HMO doctor agrees with the patient. The 'Bill of Rights' would establish some form of expert appeal board external to the HMO.
- Medical Necessity: At issue is whether the doctor or the HMO management determines what is necessary. Determination of 'necessity' may become subject to expert review as well, or it may become measured against established standards of 'generally accepted practices.'
- Legal Liability: Patients would be granted the right to sue HMOs for medical costs and damages, which is not a right under current law. Generally, liberals supoprt the right to sue HMOs while conservatives do not. This is the primary distinction between Republican and Democrat versions of Patient Bill of Rights proposals.
- Scope of Coverage: Some states regulate HMOs in ways similar to those described here; a 'Bill of Rights' could apply to them, to all HMOs, or to all patients.
- Prevention: Advocating prevention implies support for removing government from health care, or opposition to more federal health care funding or national insurance.
- Consumer Choice: Advocating consumer choice or reduction in healthcare bureaucracy implies support for removing government from health care, or opposition to national insurance.
- Medicare and Medicaid background is covered in the Social Security section (but quotations are cross-referenced here).
- The Supreme Court ruled unanimously in June 1997 that there is no constitutional right to euthanasia, but that states can allow euthanasia without federal intervention.
- 'Euthanasia' means 'good death' in the context of terminal illness. Buzzwords:
- Passive Euthanasia: Hastening death by withdrawing life support.
- Active Euthanasia: Causing death in response to a request from that person.
The best-known examples are by Dr. Jack Kevorkian, who was found guilty of 2nd degree murder in March 1999.
- Physician Assisted Suicide: A physician supplies information and/or the means of committing suicide so that a patient can easily terminate their own life.
- Involuntary Euthanasia: A synonym for murder; used by anti-euthanasia activists.
- Right to Die: Establishing suicide as a civil right; used by pro-euthanasia activists.
- The state of Oregon passed a Death With Dignity law, which was active until the federal Department of Justice reversed its enforcement policy in November 2001.
- In Nov. 1998, 46 states settled the cases they had filed against the tobacco companies.
(The other 4 states had previously settled, on similar terms)
- Now, the state legislatures are debating the best use of the settlement funds, which totals $246 billion to be paid over the next 25 years
($5 to $9 billion per year starting in April, 2000).


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Topic: isolating a digit (Read 1 time) previous topic - next topic
If it's under your control, I suggest you rethink the way you encode those button states into an integer. Using bit masks or bit fields would make it much simpler and cleaner, and you could simply extract each set of bits representing the state of a given input and pass it to some common code to work out what to do with it, applying your fallback logic to treat a 'hold' as a 'press' etc where that was sensible. A 32-bit int would be sufficient to support eight inputs with four bits each which seems to be more than you need, and is very handily fits a hex output format with one hex character per input which help with debugging/logging.
Paul Beaudet
The suggestion the encoding blows is something I agree with. However it does add a degree of complexity having the chords be represented by 32 bits vs 16 because these values are actively be drawn from and assigned in eeprom. I guess I'm just not sure how chop a long into bytes and reassemble them again.
I did show a preset layout in progmem here, but that is just to get by and doing testing on things other then the currently buggy learning algorithm. Like for instance this noise filter. In the ultimate designed working state of the device the layout is somewhat fluid, 'learning the user' initially and reassigning itself given common error making eeprom essential.
I will do some research on bit mask and bit fields though, thank you for the reference, Peter.
Go Up


The CTEs are like temporary tables that exist only during the execution of the query. As a PostgreSQL DBA, You may find long running queries or IDLE queries of the user. This is useful if you have psql configured to emit the time taken by a query … To get the pid, the following query can be run to get the active PostgreSQL sessions: SELECT pid, datid, datname, usesysid, usename , query, client_addr, client_port, query_start, backend_start, wait_event, xact_start, state FROM pg_catalog.pg_stat_activity postgres kill running query; postgres like case insensitive; postgres list all stored procedures query; postgres lowercase; postgres make sql dump; postgres node; postgres select duplicate columns; postgres select max value; postgres switch between databases; postgres trigger … PostgreSQL, What I did is first check what are the running processes by. SELECT * FROM pg_stat_activity WHERE state = 'active';. This killed the process and the memory freed up as expected. ... GRANT EXECUTE ON FUNCTION query_admin.kill_process(pid integer) TO public; User can check their running process_id queries using below query: 1. To answer the question using only pg_ctl, that would be: pg_ctl -D $(psql -Xtc 'show data_directory') stop The -X argument says to ignore the .psqlrc file. Alright, it's a hack, but it's the best I … SELECT pid, now() - pg_stat_activity.query_start AS duration, query, state FROM pg_stat_activity where now() - query_start > interval '5 minute' AND state != 'idle' Killing an active query. A recursive query is a query that refers to a recursive CTE. When I start a job, I record the backend's PID, which allows another process to connect and kill the first one. In this post, I am sharing one of the important script to kill all running idle connections and sessions of the PostgreSQL Database. I found the particular process via ps aux | grep postgres and ran kill -9 pid. > > "select pg_cancel_backend(procpid) " can end the current query for that > user, but then this connection becomes IDLE, still connected. To kill a session in PostgreSQL, the pid for the session is needed. An active query can be killed by the following two postgres functions. It makes me nervous seeing kill and postgres in the same command. Postgres kill query. I have prepared this script such a way that you can also filter idle connections base on a particular time interval. A postgres SELECT query ran out of control on our DB server and started eating up tons of memory and swap until the server ran out of memory. Some > times, I need to kick out a particular Postgres user completely. > and also tell me how to log slow queries to a log file. Only a superuser can execute the command. On 10/15/07, Jessica Richard <[hidden email]> wrote: > Thanks a lot! It is not always desired to abruptly terminate an existing database connection, as you can just cancel running query using the function shown in the following query. How to cancel a running query. SELECT pg_cancel_backend(procpid) FROM pg_stat_activity WHERE usename = 'postgres' How to prevent users from connecting to the database PostgreSQL provides the WITH statement that allows you to construct auxiliary statements for use in a query. select pg_cancel_backend() long running transactions (and such an undead query is a transaction from the point of view of PostgreSQL) stop the advancing of the event horizon (or the transaction ID of the oldest running query) and this in turn does not allow (AUTO)VACUUM to clean up any records, that have been modified after the beginning of the oldest running query. > > Is there a command for me to totally disconnect a user by procpid? 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I start a job, I need to kick out a particular postgres user completely session in PostgreSQL the! ] > wrote: > Thanks a lot this script such a way that You can filter. Ran kill -9 pid only during the execution of the query postgres user completely a!. Session in PostgreSQL, the pid for the session is needed that You can also IDLE... Via ps aux | grep postgres and ran kill -9 pid > times, need... Running queries or IDLE queries of the user killed by the following


text:
Definition of Shotgun sequencing
Shotgun sequencing: An approach used to decode a genome by shredding ("shotgunning") it into smaller fragments of DNA which can then be individually sequenced. The sequences of these fragments are then ordered, based on overlaps in the genetic code, and finally reassembled into the complete sequence.
The "whole genome shotgun" method is applied to the entire genome all at once, while the "hierarchical shotgun" method is applied to large, overlapping DNA fragments of known location in the genome.Source: MedTerms™ Medical Dictionary
Last Editorial Review: 6/14/2012
Find out what women really need.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Please tell me if I'm being overly simplistic here.
I was reading the book yeast by Chris White and Jamil Zainasheff. In the book, they talk about measuring how many cells are in a slurry by using a microscope or by dilution until the slurry is clear in a test tube.
However, they also mention that the size and weight (density) of a yeast cell is known, the density of water is also known. So couldn't one take a yeast slurry, measure its weight and volume and use this measure of density to determine what percentage of the mass is composed of yeast, and what percentage is composed of water?
Clearly, since wort is more dense than distilled water, you may have to wash the slurry first. But this seems much simpler than whipping out a microscope or doing multiple dilutions.
Should this work?
Note: I'm talking about measuring the number of yeast cells in a slurry, not their viability or vitality.


Question: What Does Moi Mean In Dutch?
What does moi mean in text?
Mothers Of InventionInternet Slang, Chat Texting & Subculture (2) Organizations, Education Schools etc.
( 3) Technology, IT etc (4) MOI — Mothers Of Invention..
What Dutch means?
What does TOP mean in Dutch?
More meanings for top. top noun. topje, bovenstuk, hoofd, spits, kruin. summit noun. toppunt, piek, summum, kruin, punt.
Does Moi mean me in French?
moi → me, it's me, speaking.
What does Moi mean medically?
Mechanism of InjuryMechanism of Injury (MOI) Definition.
What language is moi?
NigerianMoimoi or Moin-Moin is a Nigerian steamed bean pudding made from a mixture of washed and peeled black-eyed peas, onions and fresh ground red peppers (usually a combination of bell peppers and chili or Scotch bonnet). It is a protein-rich food that is a staple in Nigeria.
What are the 4 types of behavior?
What is Moi in human behavior?
 Moi is a person's basic identity. …  Most often, we think that human persons are just actors in the whole process of the shaping of selves. MEAD AND VYGOTSKY  For Mead and Vygotsky, the way that human persons develop is with the use of language acquisition and interaction with others.
What does lekker bezig mean?
nice busyLekker Bezig literally translates into English as 'nice busy' and denotes the feeling of accomplishment someone has whilst pursuing a particularly engaging activity.
Is bliksem a swear word?
bliksem – strike, hit, punch; also used as an expression of surprise/emphasis (rude; many consider the word a profanity). It derives from the Dutch word for "lightning", and often occurs in conjunction with donner. Used as a curse in Afrikaans: Jou bliksem!
What causes human Behaviour?
Behavior is also driven, in part, by thoughts and feelings, which provide insight into individual psyche, revealing such things as attitudes and values. Human behavior is shaped by psychological traits, as personality types vary from person to person, producing different actions and behavior.
What does going Dutch mean sexually?
to "go Dutch" or to have a "Dutch treat" is to eat out with each person paying for their own bill, possibly from a stereotype of Dutch frugality.
What are Dutch traits?
Happy people. The Netherlands is ranked fifth in the World Hapiness Report. … Greetings. When Dutch people meet for the first time they shake hands. … Direct approach. Dutch people do not beat around the bush and will often speak their minds. … Punctuality. … Unannounced visit.
What is your name in Dutch?
Basic Dutch PhrasesGood MorningGoedemorgenkhoo-duh-mawr-ghuhWhat's your name? (formal)Hoe heet u?hoo hayt ewWhat's your name? (informal)Hoe heet je?hoo hayt yuhMy name is (I'm called)…Ik heet…ik hayt…I am…Ik ben…ik ben49 more rows
What does Bokkie mean in South Africa?
bokkie – (diminutive of bok, literally meaning "goat" or "doe") a popular term of endearment, comparable to "sweetheart", "honey", etc.
Can you live in the Netherlands without speaking Dutch?
Answer: No, not if you live in a multinational city like Amsterdam. In general, everyone speaks pretty good English so you can get around just fine without knowing a word of Dutch. However, if you're trying to live in the Netherlands, it will be important to learn Dutch so that you can integrate into the culture.
Do Dutch speak English?
Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. English in the Netherlands, according to research, can be spoken by 90% to 93% of the Dutch population. … Dutch's genealogical proximity to English is also noted as a significant factor since both languages are closely related West Germanic languages.
What are the three types of human Behaviour?
What does the word moi mean?
Moi is the French word for 'me'
What lekker means?
– Lekker: An Afrikaans word meaning superb or fantastic which is applied equally to a person, object or event.
Are Dutch and German the same race?
Nederlanders) or the Dutch, are a West Germanic ethnic group and nation native to the Netherlands. They share a common ancestry, culture and speak the Dutch language….Dutch people.NederlandersCanada1,112,000Australia336,000Germany128,000Belgium121,00026 more rows


text:
Why would researchers place a worm's mind into a Lego robot body? Why, fo' science! [cue stage lightening]
In a project called OpenWorm, researchers have coded the mind of a roundworm and combined that software with a Lego robot. They were able to watch what was happening within the software while the robot moved around. The robot did, apparently, continue to behave the same as a roundworm.
Of course this will continue to move into a place where human minds are uploaded into software. It is inevitable. Why? The god of science demands it. Demands it!
The god of science, in case you aren't aware, is Cthulhu.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


3 Replies Latest reply: Dec 4, 2013 4:30 AM by Thomas Schmutz RSS
 Is dual ok with a fair number of number of rows
 Bill Markham
 Hi

 I am getting really into the Dual() function and am thinking of expanding my use of it.

 Are there any things to beware of with regard to the number of rows ?

 I am not talking a huge number of rows, a few thousand maybe a few tens of thousands.

 Best Regards, Bill
 - Re: Is dual ok with a fair number of number of rows
 Stefan Wühl
 What kind of concerns do you have?

 Remember that dual format is standard in QV, so you might better ask, when you should not use a dual value.
 _URL_

 P.S. And I believe what is more important than the number of rows is the number of distinct values in that dual format field.
 - Re: Is dual ok with a fair number of number of rows
 Steve Dark
 Hi Bill,

 The biggest gotcha you have with dual is that only unique values on the numeric side are kept. If you have two text representations of the same number only one will be shown. This can take a while to figure out the first time it happens to you!

 To illustrate, if you load the following statement and create a listbox you will find only three values in the listbox:

 LOAD
 dual(Text, Number) as MyDual
 INLINE [
 Text,Number
 A,1
 B,2,
 C,2
 D,4
 ];

 Whilst this isn't necessarily a problem just because you have more values going into your dual, the more values you have the more chance you have of hitting a dupe.

 Personally I like duals and think you should use them wherever you can.

 Steve

 _URL_
 - Re: Is dual ok with a fair number of number of rows
 Thomas Schmutz
 Steve Dark schrieb:
 ...

 The biggest gotcha you have with dual is that only unique values on the numeric side are kept. If you have two text representations of the same number only one will be shown. This can take a while to figure out the first time it happens to you!
 ...

 It just took me a whole day to understand why a leading zero out of a SAP extract couldn't be removed...

 Script:
 [AUSP]:
 Load
 [ATINN] as [ATINN],
 [OBJEK] as [OBJEK],
 [ATWRT] as [ATWRT],
 [ATFLV] as [ATFLV],
 if(len(trim([ATWRT]))=0, [ATFLV], [ATWRT]) as [ZWERT]
 from $(vQVD)AUSP.qvd(qvd)
 ;

 Result:
 StraightTable.jpg
 Sort order is in both tables 'Load order'.

 Field tags:
 Field_tags.jpg

 Conclusion:
 ...

 If you have two text representations of the same number only one [the first in Load order] will be shown.
 This can take a while to figure out the first time it happens to you!

 ...

 Thanks a lot stevedark to point that out!


text:
Assessing The Impact Of Railway Restructuring In Nigeria
The study presents railway restructuring as a solution option to railway problems in Nigeria. It aims at ascertaining the efficiency of the critical input factors of Nigerian Railway corporation (NRC) while comparing it with that of the restructured developed and best practices railways to establish the basis for restructuring. A manpower survey was carried out. Benchmarking method was used to determine the best restructuring model for Nigeria. Descriptive statistical tools and simulation model were also used in carrying out the analysis. In this respect, we identified low investment, low technological capacity and capability, low productivity unreliable services, High operating ratios, weak administration, obsolete equipment and technology, low motivation and large labour force as the most severe problems to overcome. Against this background, the implication of railway restructuring in Nigeria for development was examined. The simulation results show that the restructured railways in Nigeria would save time, increase the number of traffic and increase revenue generation. The study concluded that there is a wide gap between NRC and the best practices and restructured railways as a result of the observed inefficiencies in all the critical input factors. We recommend among others the adoption of the concessional model, the repeal of the 1995 railway acts as amended to make the railway market in Nigeria contestable and viable.
JORIND Vol. 3 (2) 2005: pp. 42-51


text:
Lori Manages Digital Marketing For A Travel Agency And Believes YouTube Could Help The Company Reach A Wider Audience. She Told Her Employer That Users Choose YouTube For The Rich And Diverse Content. What Two Other Reasons Can Lori Provide For Why Users Choose YouTube? (Choose 2.)
- Users can search for specific job opportunities.
- Users can directly engage with the creators they care about.
- Users can connect with a community.
- Users can search for specific ads.


text:
Types of traditional settlements and forms of folk houses
Course Syllabus 课程章节1
Settlement is the general name of various forms of human settlements. This class mainly teaches the types of traditional settlements in Shanxi, namely urban settlements and rural settlements. Feel the site selection and layout characteristics of these two settlements through real photos.On this basis, it introduces the forms of folk houses in Shanxi. Shanxi folk houses follow the general law of the construction of folk houses in other local settlements, draw local materials and adjust measures to local conditions. However, due to the great differences in natural and geographical conditions, the forms and styles of folk houses in Shanxi traditional settlements are very different. With the accumulation of years, these residential forms constitute the distinctive characteristics of Shanxi settlements and have unique artistic value.


text:
The Brooklyn Bridge is incredibly safe. So why did so many people die when it was built?
If you've ever been worried about the thousands of people and vehicles crossing the famous Brooklyn Bridge every day, let us put your mind to rest.
Trust us, this bridge can handle the extreme stress.
Strangely, that's because the engineers who originally built the wonder thought they would be working with some really awful material and had to overcompensate.
The bridge was planned to be overbuilt since manufacturer fraud was all too common in that era.
The materials the builders got, primarily the wire that went into the main cables, were substandard and would barely hold if it was planned like a normal bridge should. Upon construction, even with the bad wires, the cables had a safety factor of five, or about five times stronger than they actually needed to be.
Even though the bridge may be safe, that doesn't mean there isn't death and tragedy surrounding it. Nearly 40 lives were lost while building it, including the man who was the creative genius behind the design and his son who took on the project after his death. When it finally opened, a dozen people were trampled to death when people thought the bridge was giving way.
Since then, the record's been astonishingly clean. Only one death was caused by the bridge itself; in 1981, a Japanese tourist was killed by two diagonal stays when they snapped and fell onto the promenade.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
Intermittent squawks in the cockpit happen … well, intermittently. They appear and then oftentimes disappear suddenly and with no explanation. This can make it difficult for the crew to effectively explain what just happened.
While verbalizing the squawk to the DOM, the crew may inadvertently leave out valuable clues that will help pinpoint the cause of the event. They may also be unaware of additional checks or other observations that can aid in troubleshooting.
Use That Smartphone
The fastest way to capture exactly what is happening in the cockpit during an intermittent squawk is to take a video. Most crew members fly with a smartphone or tablet. Get it out and use it. This is particularly helpful for events that are difficult to describe accurately.
This is a video a chief pilot captured recently during a flight. A warning light flashes too quickly for the crew to read the panel. Yet, this video helped to identify a faulty windshield heat temperature switch.


How Many Wives Did Moses of the Bible Have?
While it is commonly believed moses of the Holy Bible had two wives, that is untrue. Moses was married to one woman, Zipporah. The other woman often mistaken for a wife was an Ethiopian woman, that is actually Zipporah. He was married once and that was the first and last marriage.
Q&A Related to "How Many Wives Did Moses of the Bible Have?"
Moses was a Hebrew prophet who received the 10 Commandments. He led the Hebrew people when they left Egypt. He is a leader with a dramatic story in the bible.
Two. Zipporah (Exodus 2:21) and a Cushite woman (Numbers 12:1)
1. Look up Proverbs 31: 9-31. Here you'll find a series of statements about what makes good wives, but this can also work as expressing virtues about mothers. Choose your favorite
God then starts to speak directly to Moses. He tells Moses that He has heard the cries of
Explore this Topic
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Plugin Planet
Premium WordPress Plugins
Here is a quick tutorial explaining how to assign specific categories to submitted content. For example, you have three categories and three forms. You want the submitted posts for each form to go to its assigned categories. Here is how to make it happen.
Let's say that you have a form for which all submitted posts should be assigned to the category "donuts", which has a category ID of "99". Easy. Just add the following hidden field anywhere in the form:
Change the value "99" to match the category ID that you would like to use and done. Multiple categories work too, just separate multiple IDs with commas, like so:


text:
This section illustrates you how to read and write from/to a serialized file through the hash table in Java. This section provides an example with the complete code of the program. Following program has the facility if the specified serialized file does not exist the the program creates the serialized file otherwise. This program first write to the specified serialized file if it exists otherwise read all contents by de-serializing the file.
FileOutputStream fileOut = new FileOutputStream("HTExample.ser"):
Above code creates an object "fileOut" of the FileOutputStream with it's constructor which takes a file name which contains ".ser" extension that determines for the serialized file either which has to be created or written with the specified value in a hash table in the program.
Here is the code of the program:
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text:
Image segmentation is one of the difficult problems in computer vision research. Recently spectral clustering has a wide application in pattern recognition and image segmentation. Compared with traditional clustering methods, it can cluster samples in any form feature space and has a global optimal solution. Originating from the equivalence between the spectral clustering and weighted kernel K-means, the authors proposed a spectral clustering algorithm with spatial constraints based on the spatially coherent property of images, also named continuous property. The spatially coherent property means that pixels in the neighbor region should share the same label assignment with the centre one with a high probability. The algorithm adds a term of spatial constraints to the objective function of weighted kernel K-means and makes the minimization of the objective function be equivalent to the spectral clustering through approximation. Experimental results show that our proposed algorithm outperforms the traditional spectral clustering in image segmentation.
JIA Jian-Hua, JIAO Li-Cheng. IMAGE SEGMENTATION BY SPECTRAL CLUSTERING ALGORITHM WITH SPATIAL COHERENCE CONSTRAINTS[J]. Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves,2010,29(1):69~74Copy


a number of private pathology laboratories located both in the archipelago and on the Portuguese mainland and the three regional population-based cancer registries located on the mainland. The Registry receives information in the electronic format from the regional public hospital units, namely the Pathological and Onco-Haematological services. Private laboratories routinely forward their information as pathology reports. The three regional Portuguese cancer registries contribute with information on Azorean oncological patients who are diagnosed and treated outside of the Azores archipelago.
Death certificates specifically mentioning cancer are also collected by the Registry. 'After all trace-back manoeuvres have been completed'15 a residuum of this information is registered as DCOs.
Based on the information produced both by the Hospital's Information System and by death certificates mentioning cancer, Registry personnel actively look for patients' clinical data in hospitals and health centres.
As all three hospitals mentioned had their cancer diagnosis and treatment units fully computerized before 2000, an active surveillance of their databases was performed in order to identify all possible prevalent cases that first came to light in the form of incidence. This has reduced substantially those cases for which a local/regional recurrence or a metastasis was diagnosed during the 2000-2002 period.
Registry techniques
At the Registry, tumours cases are collected and classified routinely according to the International Classification of Diseases for Oncology (ICD-O)16. In this study the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)17 criteria was utilised and presented in a table. Only malignant tumours (ICD-O 5th Digit /3) initially diagnosed between January 1st 2000 and December 31st 2002 were included in the statistical analysis.
Multiple primary tumours were classified according to international rules18. To carry out conversion from ICD-O to ICD and to check for variable inconsistencies, the IARCcrgTools version 2.04 was used19. Double entries were identified and excluded by means of the same first name, surname, date-of-birth and birthplace, as well as hospital registry number.
Data quality indices
Data quality indices evaluated in this study include:
 - Comparability, specifically related to standardized techniques for classification of tumours adopted by the Registry. This was employed so our results could be directly and easily compared to other cancer registries (see 3 - Registry techniques). According to Bray and Parkin20 this quality indicator includes (1) international standards for classification and coding of neoplasms, (2) incidence date, (3) multiple primaries, and (4) incidental diagnosis. For the purpose of this study only the first two were considered.
 - Validity, with specific reference to the 'proportion of cases in a dataset with a given characteristic which truly have the attribute'20. In this study, only histological verification and death-certificate-only cases were evaluated;
 - Completeness, in this instance refers to the 'extent to which all incident cancers occurring in the population are included in the registry database'21. Completeness has been evaluated using (1) mortality:incidence ratios, (2) proportion of microscopically verified cases, and (3) proportion of death-certificate-only cases. The two latter are also included in 'validity'.
Mortality data (2000-2002) were obtained from National Health Statistics.
Data quality Indices were compared to those for southern Portugal22, Navarra23 and Tarn24, all included in the Cancer Incidence in Five Continents Vol. IX25.
Statistical analysis
Crude (all-ages) and age-specific rates were calculated using the population at risk for the 2000-2002 period obtained from 'Statistics Portugal'.26 Mean annual age-standardized rates (ASR) were computed by the direct method, based on European and World standard population numbers. Confidence intervals were estimated using Poisson approximation27. Cumulative risks were assessed for the 0 to 64 and 74 year-old parameters.
Relative risks for developing cancer in the Azores when compared to mainland Portugal have been represented by standardized rate ratios27.

Results
Incidence and relative proportions; crude and standardized rates and cumulative risks are presented in Table 1, according to cancer site (ICD-10) and sex. A total of 2,515 new cases, excluding non-melanoma skin cancer, were diagnosed: 1,487 in men and 1,028 in women. The most common cancers in men were prostate cancer (88.7 cases per 100,000 inhabitants), lung cancer (84.8), oral cavity cancer (34.0), colorectal cancer (33.5) and stomach cancer (30.1). The most common cancers in women were breast cancer (82.4 cases per 100,000 inhabitants), colorectal cancer (35.2), corpus uteri cancer (18.3), stomach cancer (13.6) and thyroid cancer (13.3). In the absence of other causes of death, a male in the Azores archipelago had an estimated 31.5% risk of developing cancer before the age of 75, while in women the risk was 19.3%.
Tables 2 and 3 show indices of quality for cancer data from four different population-based cancer registries, including the Azores. In the Azores, the proportion of microscopically verified cases ranked above 80% in both men (84.1) and women (86.0), while the proportion of death-certificate-only cases ranked below 10%. If we exclude MV and DCO cases, the remainder are cases based on clinical, imaging and biomarker diagnosis. For all cancer sites, Mortality:Incidence (M:I) ratios were higher in men (65.9%) compared to women (52.7%). In comparison with other cancer registries, the Azores presented the highest values of M:I ratios among numerous cancer sites.
Table 4 shows age-standardized rates for major cancer sites in men and women, as well as their 95% confidence intervals. It also shows relative risk levels, represented by standardized rate ratio (SRR) for the Azores and the Portuguese mainland.11 The SRRs were significantly higher in Azorean men for stomach (RR 1.132; 99% CI 1.107-1.157), liver (2.226; 1.421-3.486) pancreas (2.323; 1.487-3.627), lung (2.643; 2.535-2.755), prostate (1.351; 1.329-1.373), bladder (1.190; 1.139-1.244), leukaemia (1.492; 1.239-1.796) and all sites combined (1.412; 1.407-1.416). Only colorectal cancer presented a significantly lower relative risk in Azorean men (0.656; 0.577-0.745). In women SRRs were significantly higher in corpus uteri (1.543; 1.336-1.782), brain (1.900; 1.366-2.644), thyroid (1.378; 1.214-1.564), lymphoma (1.497; 1.340-1.672) and all sites combined (1.127; 1.125-1.129).

Discussion
This is the first time that cancer data from the Azores, a peripheral part of Europe, was analysed and described.
Data emerging from recently established cancer registries should be viewed with caution since the period of time is insufficient to identify all prevalent cases, not least as some of them will probably have been registered as incident cases. However, taking into account the data presented here and from well-established cancer registries (Tables 2 and 3) it is clear that our effort to reduce prevalent cases to obtain accurate incidence rates has been worthwhile.
Lip, oral cavity (including pharynx), oesophagus, stomach, liver, larynx, lung and bladder cancers were far more common in men than in women. Alcohol consumption, acting in synergy with smoking, could in part explain the different patterns of cancer incidence between sexes, as men are more likely to be addicted to ethanol and nicotine28-31. It has been estimated that in the Azores the number of men who smoke is more than twice the number of women, 46.6% and 20.9%, respectively32.
Prostate cancer, which represents 21.0% of all cancers in males, and lung cancer (20.1%) were by far the most frequent sites. Azorean men had a 35% increased risk of prostate cancer compared to other Portuguese men (Table 4). Prostate cancer incidence data around the globe is highly influenced by PSA testing, as a significant proportion of cases identified through such testing will never become symptomatic33-35. Azorean men were also 2.64 times more likely to develop lung cancer compared to their mainland compatriots (Table 4). In a national survey concerning risk factors for lung cancer, a lower proportion of males who had never smoked were detected in the Azores (42%) when compared to those living on the mainland (46%)36. Of those who were current smokers, 22% of the Azorean men usually smoked less than 21 cigarettes per day, compared to 19% of their mainland compatriots. Likewise, there was a significant difference in the number of individuals smoking more than 21 cigarettes per day (12%), compared to 6% on the mainland. This data covers the 2005/06 period, which should remind us that the scenario


text:
Although these words are sometimes used interchangeably, particularly in infinitive constructions (apt to fall, liable to fall, likely to fall),1,2 using them interchangeably obscures subtle yet important distinctions between them.
Of the three, it seems that apt is the one most often used in its proper sense—perhaps because, unlike liable and likely, which both stress a potential consequence and thus are often confused, apt simply stresses inherent tendency (eg, "Elmer is apt to be a bit unsteady on his feet").3 Also, whereas liable and likely refer to consequences and thus most commonly to conditions that will become manifest in the future, apt usually refers to conditions manifest in the past or present.1 In addition, some authorities hold that apt is perhaps most commonly used when referring to persons, although it can refer to nonhuman or inanimate subjects as well.1
So far so good—but, as alluded to above, tossing liable and likely into the mix can muddy the waters a bit. Both stress degrees of potential, but liable is the weaker of the two, used to stress possibility (eg, "Because Elmer is apt to be a bit unsteady on his feet, he's liable to fall") rather than outright probability.1 It has sometimes been held that liable should be used only when the subject of the sentence would face unpleasant consequences from the action expressed by the verb ("Because Elmer is apt to be a bit unsteady on his feet, he's liable to fall and break a hip").2 Certainly, of the three words under discussion, liable is the one most often taken as indicating that a consequence might be unpleasant or disadvantageous.3
Compared with liable, likely is a stronger term, used to stress probability (eg, "Because Elmer is apt to be a bit unsteady on his feet, he'll likely fall if the steps are icy") rather than mere possibility.1 However, unlike apt, likely used alone stresses no particular tendency in the subject that would enhance the probability of the outcome; moreover, unlike liable, it need not suggest the potential for an unpleasant consequence (eg, "Although Elmer is apt to be a bit unsteady on his feet, he'll likely not fall, even if the steps are icy").2
The bottom line:
- Looking for a word that stresses inherent tendency, particularly in a person? Use apt.
- Looking for a word that stresses possibility (as opposed to probability)—especially the possibility of some unpleasant consequence? Use liable.
- Looking for a word that stresses probability (as opposed to possibility), whether the perceived consequences be good or ill? Use likely.—Phil Sefton, ELS
1. Apt, liable, likely. Merriam-Webster's Dictionary of Synonyms. Springfield, MA; Merriam-Webster Inc; 1984:56.
2. Liable. TheFreeDictionary.com website.
. Accessed March 8, 2012.
3. Apt, liable, likely. In: Bernstein TM. The Careful Writer: A Modern Guide to English Usage. New York, NY: Athaneum; 1985:48.


text:
By Amanda Gardner
THURSDAY, June 4 (HealthDay News) -- As if folks needed another reason to be annoyed at other people's cell phones, researchers now report that just 30 seconds of a stranger's nearby ringtone can impair thinking, at least briefly.
Students unwittingly involved in a classroom experiment saw their test scores sink after a fellow "student's" phone went off.
The finding shows that "there are real-world implications for these sounds in our environment," said study lead author Jill Shelton. "They are distracting. They significantly disrupt performance in a classroom setting."
Shelton, who recently published the findings online in the Journal of Environmental Psychology, said, "this data says it's not just annoying. It's actually leading to impairment in learning, whether in a business meeting or in a classroom or some other setting." She is currently a post-doctoral fellow in the department of psychology at Washington University in St. Louis, but completed the study while a doctoral student at Louisiana State University.
The bulk of the research into the impact of cell phones has focused on their use while driving. Most of that research has found a distracting and potentially dangerous mix.
Prior research has also indicated that the human brain can only attend to a finite amount of stimuli at a time.
In the new study, Shelton and her co-authors conducted a series of experiments, both in the lab and in "real world" university settings, to see how cell phone rings affected cognitive performance.
First, in the lab, students were exposed to different types of sound: "irrelevant," non-cell-phone-related noise from an undetermined source; a standard cell phone ring; and a ringtone consisting of bars from the Louisiana State University fight song.
"At this time, LSU was running for their national championship in football," Shelton said. "Ninety-nine percent of people [in the study] knew what this song was."
Students were asked to perform a simple task on the computer -- making decisions on whether the symbols they saw on the screen were words or not words. They were not told there would be distractions, but there were. In fact, noises (including cell phone rings) interrupted the task about 20 times in each trial.
The result? "All participants who heard a sound were initially distracted, no matter what the sound was. And they performed much more slowly on their task," Shelton said.
However, those who heard the irrelevant noise were able to get back to their task much faster than people hearing either one of the two cell phone rings. And those hearing the LSU fight song ringtone took the longest time to shake off the mental distraction.
Why might distraction be worse for a cell phone ring than for more "irrelevant" noise?
"We think it's because cell phones are more prevalent in the everyday environment. People are used to responding to cell phones," Shelton postulated. "They have this automatic reaction to it that they can't control and this is particularly true if we're talking about a cell phone ringtone that is personally relevant to them."
In all cases, though, Shelton said, "while these sounds were indeed disruptive, they were brief and people could recover, at least in a lab setting."
But next, Shelton pretended to be a student in an undergraduate class on child psychology.
At a pre-designated time, Shelton's cell phone rang for about 30 seconds while she made no move to answer or silence it, prompting a number of displeased looks from her lecture-hall mates.
Immediately afterwards, students performed 25 percent worse on a pop quiz containing questions pertaining to the information that had been presented (both orally and visually) while the cell phone was ringing.
"This was a pretty big drop in performance," Shelton said.
In another experiment, Shelton rummaged mercilessly through her bag to find the phone. After this incident, students performed even worse on their recall.
When people were warned beforehand that the cell phone would ring, the break in attention was less severe, Shelton said.
"Giving people warning may help them to ignore it," Shelton said.
According to background information in the paper, more than 262 million people in the United States use cell phones. Shelton said that, right now, most universities seem to be relying on students' common courtesy to tame cell phone use during class, rather than explicit rules.
There's information on state laws on cell phones/driving at the Governors Highway Safety Association.
SOURCES: Jill T. Shelton, Ph.D., post-doctoral fellow, department of psychology, Washington University, St. Louis; online Journal of Environmental Psychology
Copyright © 2009 ScoutNews, LLC. All rights reserved.
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megaSteve4 megaSteve4 - 19 days ago 10
SQL Question
query that would count and increment the number of duplicate instances of that record
Using Access 2010.
So if I had a table
COL1
A
B
A
C
A
and the run the query I would get the output in COL2 where 'A' is duplicated three times and its COL2 value is in turn incremented.
COL1 | COL2
A | 1
B | 1
A | 2
C | 1
A | 3
Answer
Add a field to your table. Choose AutoNumber as its data type and make it the table's primary key. I named the field ID, so my version of your sample data looks like this ...
ID COL1
 1 A
 2 B
 3 A
 4 C
 5 A
The SELECT statement below returns this result set ...
ID COL1 COL2a COL2b
 1 A 1 1
 2 B 1 1
 3 A 2 2
 4 C 1 1
 5 A 3 3
COL2a and COL2b show 2 methods to achieve the same result. DCount is Access-specific, and required quotes around the m.COL1 text values. The second approach, COL2b, uses a correlated subquery so could work in a different database if you choose. And with that approach, you wouldn't need to bother about quoting text values.
Either approach basically requires the db engine run an additional query for each row of the result set. So, with a huge table, performance will be a concern. Indexing will help there. Add an index on COL1 if there isn't one already. ID already has an index since it's the primary key.
If you can't add a field, and the table doesn't already include another suitable field, then I think you're out of luck. You won't be able to get what you want with an Access query.
SELECT
 m.ID,
 m.COL1,
 DCount(
 "*",
 "MyTable",
 "COL1 = '" & m.COL1 & "' AND ID <= " & m.ID
 ) AS COL2a,
 (
 SELECT Count(*)
 FROM MyTable AS m2
 WHERE m2.COL1 = m.COL1 AND m2.ID <= m.ID
 ) AS COL2b
FROM MyTable2 AS m
ORDER BY m.ID;
Comments


text:
An In-Park Science Inquiry Paper for Ages Five-Adult
Students ages 5 and up—you can become a Young Scientist! Purchase your self-guiding booklet for $5 at the Canyon Visitor Education Center or Old Faithful Visitor Center. You'll investigate the mysteries of Yellowstone by completing activities in the visitor center and field. The 5–9 year old program is offered only at Old Faithful. If you are investigating in the Old Faithful area, be sure to check out a Young Scientist Toolkit, which has a thermometer, stopwatch, and other gear. Once your investigation is complete, you will be awarded an official Young Scientist patch or key chain.
Development of this program was funded by the National Science Foundation through a generous grant to the Yellowstone Park Foundation.
Available at Canyon
Available at Old Faithful
Did You Know?
Prior to the establishment of the National Park Service, the U.S. Army protected Yellowstone between 1886 and 1918. Fort Yellowstone was established at Mammoth Hot Springs for that purpose.


text:
The objective of this study was to evaluate savory (Satureja hortensis L.) powder (SP) and savory methanol extract (SE) levels on ileal microbial population when fed to 1-day-old to 6-week-old broiler chicks. A total of 225-day-old broiler chicks were randomly allocated to 5 treatments with 3 replicates and fed for 42 days. Treatments included no supplement (control), 1.0% and 2.0% SP in feed, 50 and 100 ppm SE in drinking water. Data analysis was performed using SAS software and means were separated using Tukey's pairwise method. The results showed that including 1.0% or 2.0% SP in broiler feed or 50 and 100 ppm SE in the drinking water significantly (P < .05) reduced the ileal Escherichia coli population when compared to birds receiving the control treatment. The ileal Lactobacillus population was significantly (P < .05) greater from birds receiving the 50 and 100 ppm SE treatments when compared to birds receiving the control treatment. Furthermore, there were no significant effects on ileal E. coli and Lactobacillus populations among the four treatments of savory. The results revealed that SP or SE can be used as an alternative to antibiotics in broiler chicken feeds.
ASJC Scopus subject areas


text:
German Foreign Policy, _PHONE_ : A Guide to Current Research and Resources
Christoph Kimmich's German Foreign Policy, 1918–1945: A Guide to Current Research and Resources is a comprehensive guide to archival resources and published materials on the foreign policy of Weimar and Nazi Germany. It catalogues the archives, libraries, and research institutes, both public and private, that house important collections, especially in Germany but also elsewhere in Europe and in the United States, and describes their holdings, terms of access and use, and guides and inventories available.
German Foreign Policy, 1918–1945 also includes a substantial annotated bibliography of published sources, ranging from documentary series to significant contemporary accounts, from memoirs to secondary works. The bibliography reflects current scholarship and draws attention to works that are innovative and accessible, It also describes the various series of the Nuremberg War Crimes Trial Records and the original trial documents available in archives and libraries. The guide canvasses the vast and growing offering of materials on the Web– digitized print materials, archival inventories, and source materials. In order to expedite work in the archives, the guide also explains the organization and functioning of the German foreign ministry between 1918 and 1945 and how it kept and stored its records.
This third edition offers new information on German archives, many of which were consolidated and relocated after German reunification, on recently discovered archival holdings, and on materialsposted on the Web. It is a reference source for both established scholars and young researchers, offering quick and efficient access to the voluminous research and research materials that are now available.


What is TTL, and what is it used for?
123-reg domain icon
What is Time To Live?
This article will explain what TTL (Time to Live) is, and how it affects your domain names.
TTL stands for Time To Live, and measures the lifespan of data in a computer or network, for example, when you create an SRV record for your domain name. This dictates the length of time it takes for the cache of the server to update, so if you make a change, this is the length of time it will take the propagate.
TTL is measured in seconds, so, for example, a TTL of one hour would equate to a TTL to 3600 seconds.
Please note: When you create records for your domain names through 123-reg, the TTL is automatically set at 14400 seconds, which equates to 4 hours, and cannot be changed manually.
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Nacha launches ACH messaging campaign and microsite
Source: Electronic Payments Association
The Electronic Payments Association today announced the launch of a new industry resource, its microsite.
The microsite - a supplement to the main site - was created to help all payments industry participants develop a common understanding of ACH payments, the NACHA Operating Rules, and the value of the ACH Network.
Launched today as part of a "New Year, New Messaging" campaign with the Regional Payments Associations (RPAs), the messaging microsite is a comprehensive, centralized industry resource containing communications tools and information to drive industry adoption and usage of consistent messaging, terminology, and phrasing to explain the attributes and benefits of the ACH Network and ACH payments.
NACHA's ACH Messaging resource site was developed as a result of an industry-inclusive process that engaged Network participants to ensure that the right terminology and messages are being used to explain the electronic movement of money and information via the ACH Network. Based on this research, NACHA developed specific language to define the ACH Network, generated terminology to explain ACH payments, and created distinctive phrasing to convey the role of the ACH Network and its characteristics. The final results of this initiative and how to apply them within unique organizations are available on the microsite.
" provides the necessary tools for all financial institutions and businesses to more consistently communicate about their use of the ACH Network and ACH payments," said Janet O. Estep, NACHA president and CEO. "We encourage all Network participants to review the resources available and begin incorporating the messages, terminology, and phrasing into their communications."
Numerous tools have been developed to help organizations describe ACH payments with terminology that both consumers and businesses will better understand. Using these resources can help avoid confusing payment terminology that may be misinterpreted by those using the ACH Network. Businesses and financial institutioons can start using tools such as customer letters and emails, website banners and graphics, and incorporate the terminology and phrasing into appropriate materials today.
Comments: (0)


text:
A beautiful day today at the Costa Linda and a great forecast
Sunday Partly Cloudy High 90 F.
Monday Partly Cloudy High 90 F.
Tuesday Partly Cloudy High 90 F.
Average high temperature 90 F.
Average low temperature 80 F.
Average temperature 83 F.
Average water temperature 83 F.
Average wind speed 13 mph
Average maximum wind speed 28 mph
Average rainfall 2.60 inches (20.3 inches annual)
Keep in mind these are averages, Aruba has been rainier due to La Nina , but the past couple of weeks were an anomaly.
Increased rainfall is attributed to La Niņa
According to the Meteorological service of the Netherlands Antilles and Aruba
" The moderate El Niņo phase which dominated the weather over our islands during especially the second half of 2009 and the first quarter of 2010 is now history. It was the main reason of the below average rainfall observed during the 2009 rainy season (-74%) in the ABC [Aruba, Bonaire, Curacao] Islands. In fact, with so little rain, the rainy season in these islands was uneventful. Even the SSS [St. Maarten, St. Eustatius, Saba] Islands, which should have received average rainfall during the second half of 2009, received less than that.
Sea Surface Temperatures (SST) in the tropical Pacific Ocean have decreased in the meantime (August 2010) to below average values and that has already lead to above average values of rainfall in the ABC Islands. In the Atlantic Ocean and the Caribbean Sea, the sea surface temperatures are already at above average levels [La Niņa]and the outlook is for these higher than normal temperatures to persist throughout the remainder of 2010. This is forecast to result in a good chance of significant rainfall for both the ABC and the SSS islands during the second half of 2010, including the upcoming rainy season (October-December).
Last updated: August 20, 2010."
the best thing is 17 mph gusting to 29 mph
the breezes are back :-)
Oh Yes! Today is a beautiful Aruba day! The winds are definitely back and the sun is shining brightly! Unfortunately we leave tomorrow afternoon so were only able to enjoy a couple of "normal" days. Our first week here was rainy, very hot and humid, with no wind. But it's nice to see things are now back to normal!
Another day dawns a new
Queen Beatrix Airport, Aruba
Oct 12, 2010 - 06:00 AM EDT
Wind: from the E at 13 MPH
Visibility: greater than 7 mile(s)
Sky conditions: partly cloudy
Temperature: 84 F
Dew Point: 77 F
Relative Humidity: 79%
I will be in Aruba this Sunday whta has the weather been like and going to be like ? Seems friends of have been there the past couple of weeks and had rain
so happyy to read this..i am going to aruba in 25 days and cant wait =D


Take the 2-minute tour ×
I'm looking for a quick way to compute the Pontryagin dual group of the n-dimensional torus $\mathbb{T}^n$ (with $\mathbb{T} := \mathbb{R} / \mathbb{Z}$). The only way I know is from "Dikran Dikranjan - Introduction to Topological Groups" and is very tedious.
I thought so: $\mathbb{T}^n$ is compact then $\widehat{\mathbb{T}^n}$ has the discrete topology. The set $E$ of all the functions
$\mathbb{T}^n \to \mathbb{C} : x \mapsto e^{2 \pi a \cdot x}$
with $a \in \mathbb{Z}^d$ is a subset of $\widehat{\mathbb{T}^d}$ which separates the points of $\mathbb{T}^d$ (I mean: for any $x,y \in \mathbb{T}^d$ with $x \neq y$ exists some $\chi \in E$ such that $\chi(x) \neq \chi(y)$. Now I was hoping that Stone-Weierstass theorem could help me to prove that $E$ is dense in $\widehat{\mathbb{T}^d}$ and so that $\widehat{\mathbb{T}^d} = E$, because $\widehat{\mathbb{T}^d}$ is discrete. However I don't know how to apply Stone-Weierstass theorem in this case.
I thank you for any ideas!
share|improve this question
4 Answers 4
up vote 6 down vote accepted
The key case is the 1-dimensional torus. We want to show every continuous homomorphism $\chi \colon {\mathbf R}/{\mathbf Z} \rightarrow {\mathbf T}$ has the form $x \bmod {\mathbf Z} \mapsto e^{2\pi inx}$ for some integer $n$.
Any character of ${\mathbf R}/{\mathbf Z}$ can be pulled back to a character of ${\mathbf R}$ by composing with the canonical map ${\mathbf R} \rightarrow {\mathbf R}/{\mathbf Z}$. Let $\chi' \colon {\mathbf R} \rightarrow {\mathbf T}$ be the resulting character of ${\mathbf R}$, i.e., $\chi'(x) = \chi(x \bmod {\mathbf Z})$. All continuous homomorphisms ${\mathbf R} \rightarrow {\mathbf T}$ have the form $x \mapsto e^{2\pi ixy}$ for some real number $y$. Accepting this for a moment, we'd have $\chi'(x) = e^{2\pi ixy}$ for some $y$. Thus $\chi(x \bmod {\mathbf Z}) = e^{2\pi ixy}$. Taking $x = 1$, we get $1 = e^{2\pi iy}$. Therefore $y$ is an integer. Writing $y$ as $n$, for psychological purposes, $\chi(x \bmod {\mathbf Z}) = e^{2\pi inx}$ for an integer $n$, which is what you wanted.
Our task now is to compute the characters of ${\mathbf R}$. For this I like the method from Conway's "A Course in Functional Analysis". For any continuous homomorphism $\gamma \colon {\mathbf R} \rightarrow {\mathbf T}$, we want to show $\gamma(x) = e^{2\pi ixy}$ for some real number $y$. We will use differential equations. Because $\gamma(0) = 1$, by continuity $\int_0^a \gamma(t)dt \approx a$ for small positive $a$, so $\int_0^a\gamma(t)dt \not= 0$ for an appropriate $a$. Fixing such $a$, for all real $x$ we have $$\int_x^{x+a} \gamma(t)dt = \int_0^a \gamma(t+x)dt = \int_0^a \gamma(t)\gamma(x)dt = \gamma(x)\int_0^a \gamma(t)dt.$$ Therefore $$ \gamma(x) = \frac{\int_x^{x+a} \gamma(t)dt}{\int_0^a\gamma(t)dt}. $$ The right side, by the fundamental theorem of calculus, is a differentiable function of $x$, and therefore $$ \gamma'(x) = \frac{\gamma(x+a) - \gamma(x)}{\int_0^a\gamma(t)dt} = \frac{\gamma(a)-1}{\int_0^a\gamma(t)dt}\gamma(x), $$ so $\gamma'(x) = s\gamma(x)$ for a complex number $s$. By the theory of ODE, $\gamma(x) = Ce^{sx}$. Since $\gamma(0) = 1$, we have $C = 1$, so $\gamma(x) = e^{sx}$. Since $|\gamma(x)| = 1$, we have $e^{{\rm Re}(s)x} = 1$ for all real $x$, so ${\rm Re}(s) = 0$. Write $s = 2\pi iy$ for a real number $y$ and we're done.
I don't think you're going to find a 2-line proof of the computation of the character group of ${\mathbf R}/{\mathbf Z}$ or ${\mathbf R}$ because you need to get exponential functions from somewhere. Above we get them from our knowledge of solutions to the most basic first-order ODE, and to bring in an ODE we needed a clever idea to see that the a priori continuous function $\gamma$ is in fact differentiable.
share|improve this answer
Excuse me if I am being too naive: Is not this saying the representation of $S_{1}$ to $S_{1}$ is isomorphic to the integers? – Kerry Feb 25 '12 at 21:42
_USER_: you are not being too naive. The continuous homomorphisms from the unit circle to itself are the power maps $z \mapsto z^n$ for integers $n$, which compose with each other the same way that integers add (in the exponent), so the dual group of the unit circle is the integers. – KConrad Feb 25 '12 at 23:10
If you allow Stone-Weierstrass, all you need is that the "finite trigonometric polynomials" (= Laurent polynomials = finite linear combinations of $e^{2\pi i n x}$) constitute a $\bf C$-algebra of continuous functions on the circle that separates points and is closed under complex conjugations. "Separates points" is easy because $e^{2\pi i x}$ already separates points, and "closed under conjugation" is immediate. You can handle the $d$-torus the same way, using the fact that the $e^{2\pi i x_j}$ together already separate points. – Noam D. Elkies Feb 25 '12 at 23:34
_USER_: Thanks, this is very clear. – Kerry Feb 26 '12 at 5:55
_USER_-grade83: Use orthogonality of characters. Any character $\chi$ is uniformly approximable by a linear combination of the $e^{2\pi i k}$. If $\chi$ were not itself one of the $e^{2\pi i k}$ then $\chi$ would be orthogonal to functions arbitrarily close to itself, which is a contradiction. Likewise on the $d$-torus, with "$k$" interpreted as an element of ${\bf Z}^d$ rather than ${\bf Z}$. – Noam D. Elkies Feb 27 '12 at 3:52
You can read off a simple proof from Section VII.2 of Bourbaki's General Topology Part 2. Roughly, the proof goes as follows. Let $\mathbb{T}:=\mathbb{R}/\mathbb{Z}$, then any continuous homomorphism $\mathbb{T}^m\to\mathbb{T}^n$ lifts to a continuous homomorphism $\mathbb{R}^m\to\mathbb R^n$ which then is linear and maps $\mathbb{Z}^m$ into $\mathbb{Z}^n$.
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In my setting the dual group of $G$ is the group of continuous homomorphisms $G \to \mathbb{T}^\times$, where $\mathbb{T}^\times = \{z \in \mathbb{C} : |z| = 1 \}$ is the circle group. So if I understand you say that if $\chi \in \widehat{\mathbb{T}^d}$ then I can extend $\chi$ to a continuous homomorphism $\chi^\prime : \mathbb{R}^d \to \mathbb{R}$. But I don't know how to do this, however I know how extend $\chi$ to a continuous homomorphism $\chi^\prime : \mathbb{


If you've done a dab, you've been there. You hit the concentrate and inhale that sweet, potent, goodness and your lungs decide it's a great time to try and jump out of your throat. So you're sitting there, hacking up a lung with your eyes watering, wondering how you can prevent this in the future. There are actually ways to control coughing after you dab. In theory, this could also apply to smoking as well, but here are 5 things I've found helpful to control coughing.
1. Always have something to drink handy
Cannabis is a throat irritant when inhaled and an irritated throat is one of the main reasons people cough. Your body is trying to expel whatever it thinks is making your throat feel weird. So, to solve this, have a drink handy. Water and tea are especially helpful for calming down a coughing fit. Just take a sip right after you exhale. Some people even suggest taking a sip while you hold the vapor. It sounds messy, but I bet if you could master it it'd be helpful.
2. Deep Breaths
If I know I'm about to take a giant glob, I take a couple of deep breaths before I do it. I release all the air from my lungs and then refill them, repeating the process until I inhale my hit. Taking those deep breaths allowed my lungs to expand some to prepare for the deep breath I was about to take. Since my lungs could then accommodate it, I find myself exhaling normally more than actually coughing.
3. Dab more, but in smaller amounts
This one is two fold. If you want to avoid coughing, dab more. I know that seems counterintuitive, but since concentrated cannabis is a throat irritant, smoking more of it would help your body group a resistance to the irritating effects. The second part, dabbing smaller amounts, is equally as important. Dabbing is not a contest about who could take more. You end up wasting concentrate like that. Dabbing a smaller amount means there's less vapor to make you cough. You may even get more high because you're able to properly take the hit with smaller amounts.
4. Cool down your dabs
In order for you to take dabs with a rig, the heating of the nail is crucial. The downside to this, however, is the heat is also a throat irritant. If the dabs come off of the nail a little cooler, they may not irritate your throat as much. You could possibly even consider moving from a titanium nail to a lower heat nail like quartz or ceramic.
Dab on!


Definitions for "packed"
Keywords: jam, theater, suitcase, crowded, dirty
Same as jammed.
Crowded; as, the theater was packed.
filled to capacity; "a suitcase jammed with dirty clothes"; "stands jam-packed with fans"; "a packed theater"
This is also referred to as PACKED-DECIMAL or COMPUTATIONAL-3 or COMP-3. A numeric encoding scheme used on a mainframe. For example, an unsigned number of 12345 would be stored in memory on the mainframe system as x'F1F2F3F4F5' ( EBCDIC-encoded, zoned-decimal format). If the same number was defined as PACKED (or COMP-3) it would be stored in memory as x'12345F'. In this example the packing of the number reduces the size from five (5) bytes to three (3) bytes. The low-order nibble of the low-order byte is used as the sign. If an arithemetic operation is attempted on a field defined as COMP-3 and the field contains non-numeric characters then a data exception error (S0C7) will ABEND the attempt. Refer to COMP-3 in this glossary or for more information.
pressed together or compressed; "packed snow"
A layout in which the motifs are placed close together. Details...
Keywords: spoon, cup, sugar, fat, towards
To pack brown sugar or fat for measuring, spoon it a little at a time into a measuring cup, and then use the back of the spoon to pack it down. Work from the outside edges in towards the center.
A product that is wrapped in software designed to prevent its use without appropriate authorization. In this form a product is a BOB.
Keywords: felted, compacted, wool
Wool that becomes compacted or felted.


text:
Farma Research Animal Health performs studies in major and minor species: dairy cattle, veal calves, swine, horses, sheep, poultry, dogs, cats and ornamental birds.
Type of studies: residues (tissue, injection site, egg, milk), pharmacokinetic and bio-equivalence, target animal safety (systemic and local tolerance), dose determination and field efficacy studies
Farma Research Animal Health is able to perform studies in all numbers of animals, housed individually, in groups or on multiple farms.
Examples of non-standard studies performed are:
- Parallel bioequivalence studies in 90 calves or 80 sheep
- A tissue residue depletion study in 16 healthy milking cows, to be subsequently included, just after calving
- A 5-months explorative safety/efficacy study in more than 80 healthy milking cows divided over 2 farms.
- (Reproductive) safety studies with 20 pregnant sows and more than 200 piglets
- Long lasting safety and residue studies in chickens and pigs (3-6 months)
We advise or assist you in choice of study and study design.
Farma Research Animal Health has been certified by Dutch Authorities to perform animal experiments. Animal care is conducted conform European Law and Guidelines.
Projects are reviewed by an independent Animal Experimental Committee (ethical committee) and are granted by the Central Authority for Scientific Procedures on Animals (CCD). Prior to start study, each study plan will be evaluated by the Animal Welfare Body of Farma Research Animal Health.
In-life phases are conducted under supervision of an independent Animal Welfare Officer


text:
PDF Studio 9 and above is capable of creating Signature Fields. Signature Fields allow you to create fields that your users can use to digitally sign the PDF document.
Creating Signature Fields
- Open the document that you wish to add Signature Fields to
- On the menu bar select Forms->Create/Edit Form
- Click on the Signature Field button located on the tool bar
- Once you click on the button you can place the Signature Field wherever you need it on the PDF document
- Use the black dots on the corners and edges to resize the shape of the box so that it fits the area that you need
- Once you have completed placing the Signature Field you can edit the Signature Fields's specific settings to customize the field even further. To open the Signature FIeld's settings menu either double click on the form or right click and select properties.
- Repeat steps 1-10 to create as many Signature Fields as you need.
- Once complete click on the Stop Form Editing button on the toolbar to close the form editor and save the document
- The Signature Fields will now be ready for you to use


兲′共 t 兲 兴 A共 D 兲
D
A brief explanation of the reflection method is as follows: given a solution L of equation (4); the goal is to extend it into a solution of the same principal equation on the whole plane. If this can be done, the extended solution can be computed in terms of the initial value, using the 2 Fourier transform on ⺢ . It is indeed possible to determine such an extension, using a transformation of the plane into itself, which maps the positive half-plane x1 > 0 onto the negative one, x1 < 0. The matrix of the transformation is:
L共 a*共 t 兲, x1, x2 兲 dx1 dx2 (13)
where A(D) is the whole surface of the nurseries D and J(0, t) represents the instantaneous flux per surface unit of larvae entering the juvenile stage at time t per unit time. The relationship (13) can be stated, as in (Arino et al. 1996), by establishing a balance of exchanges between the larval and juvenile compartments.
T=T
Consequently, the equation for the juveniles is reduced to an age-structured one, only accounting for the ageing and mortality processes, and reads:
共 ⭸a⭸ + ⭸t⭸ 兲 J共 a, t 兲
J共 a, 0 兲
(14)
where J0 is the initial juvenile distribution at year 0. The equation is completed by formula (13) which gives the boundary condition at age a = 0.
The whole system is composed of three equations satisfied respectively by L and J; with initial and boundary conditions. We restrict our attention to two: (4), (5), (6) for L and (12), (14) for J:
3.1. Solving the equation for the larvae
共k
11
The solving of equation (4) can be accomplished in two steps: 1) the equation with the right hand-side restricted to the diffusion term and boundary condition (6) is considered first: a parabolic equation, with constant coefficients, on a half-plane can be solved explicitly, using an extended version of the reflection method. In this step, the transport is cancelled, u = 0. 2) Coming back to the general case, u 7 0, the first order expression in the right hand-side of (4) can be absorbed by a change of the unknown L to L√ given by:
− 1
0 k12 −2 1 k11
(15)
We use the method of lines (Webb, 1985) to reduce the study to age-cohorts; that is to say, we follow the larvae born at a same given moment. For these larvae, time and age are related as follows: t = t0+a, where t0 is the birth date; so, one can substitute t0+a for t in the equation, thus keeping only one time variable. The physical domain is considered a half-plane, with x1 = 0 as a boundary. This, of course, is a simplification, justified by the size of the domain: it allows to us to obtain explicit formulae in the same way as was done in (Arino et al., 1996). The boundary condition reduces to:
3. SOLVING OF THE MODEL EQUATIONS
T
−1
3.1.1. Case (u = 0)
The description of the dynamics of adults is skipped.
L√共 a, t, X 兲 = exp − u K 2
=
For the sake of conciseness, the following notations are T adopted: X = 共 x1, x2 兲 and Xx = TX, where 'T' denotes the − 1 transpose operator. As usual, K denotes the inverse of matrix K and det(K) its determinant. Note that T − 1 − 1 T K T=K .
= − µj共 a 兲 J共 a, t 兲 = J0共 a 兲; t > 0, 0 < a < 2
− 1
⭸L + k ⭸L a, t, 0, x = 0 共 12 ⭸x 2兲 ⭸x1 2
The solution can be explicitly written as follows: L共 a, t, X 兲 = SL共 a 兲
关 0,+∞ 关 ×⺢
kL共 a, X, Y 兲 B共 t − a, Y 兲 dY, for t > a
(16)
where SL is the larva survival function (7), and: 1 4p 公det共 K 兲 关 exp共 − H共 s, X − Y 兲 兲 + exp共 − H共 s, Xx − Y 兲 兲 兴
kL共 s, X, Y 兲 =
X L a, t, x 共 兲
105
(17)
A. RAMZI et al. / Oceanologica Acta 24 (2001) 101–112
4. ESTIMATE OF THE RATE OF RECRUITMENT
with T
− 1
H共 s, X 兲 = X K X 4s
(18) Some observations have permitted us to justify the hypothesis that only the larvae metamorphosing in nurseries are susceptible to become adults. In fact, a very small number of juveniles have been found outside the nurseries (Koutsikopoulos et al., 1993). The proposed model allows us to evaluate the fraction of larvae reaching the nurseries at the moment of their metamorphosis. A formula giving an estimate of the rate of recruitment will be established, involving the transport parameters K and u, biological related parameters as µ and a*, and some geographic characteristics of the nurseries and spawning grounds.
It should be noted that this formula is valid only for a < a*共 t 兲, where a*共 t 兲 is given by (3). Relationship (16) is interpreted as follows: larvae of age a occupying the position X at time t, are those among larvae born at time t–a, whose density is B(t–a, Y), which have survived up to age a with survival probability SL(a); and which have transited from birth position Y to the actual position X. The function kL(a, X,Y) gives the transition probability, during a period of time equal to a, of movement from a position Y to a position X.
3.1.2. Case (u 7 0) We return to the first case by substituting the function Lx to L as explained above. Straightforward computations lead to the following expression for L: L共 a, t, X 兲 = SL共 a 兲
X
Consider now a microcohort arriving at the juvenile stage in an infinitesimal time interval 关 t, t + dt 兴 . Then, individuals of this microcohort were born during the interval time 关 t − a*共 t 兲, 共 t + dt 兲 − a*共 t + dt 兲 兴 whose length is 共 1 − a*′共 t 兲 兲 dt. Then, the total number of individuals born in this time interval is equal to:
kL共 a, X, Y; u 兲 B共 t − a, Y 兲 dY, for t > a (19)
冉兰
where
T
− 1
共 1 − a*′共 t 兲 兲
kL共 a, X, Y; u 兲 = exp − u K u a 4 T − 1 exp 1 u K 共 X − Y 兲 kL共 a, X, Y 兲 (20) 2
X
B共 t − a*共 t 兲, Y 兲 dY
dt
(22)
The number of individuals entering the juvenile stage in the time interval [t, t + dt] is given by the formula:
冉兰 兰
3.2. Solving of the equation for the juveniles
SL共 a*共 t 兲 兲共 1 − a*′共 t 兲 兲 According to (12):
D X
kL共 a*共 t 兲, X, Y; u 兲
B共 t − a*共 t 兲, Y 兲 dY dX
J共 0, t, X 兲 = 共 1 − 共 a* 兲′共 t 兲 兲 L共 a*共 t 兲, t, X 兲 for X in D
dt
(23)
The expression of L is given in (19). Then, the fraction of larvae recruited in the juvenile stage is given by the following formula:
Using the method of lines, (14) leads to the following expression: J共 a, t, X 兲 =
SJ共 a 兲 J 共 a − t, X 兲, for t < a < 2 SJ共 a − t 兲 0 SJ共 a 兲 J共 0, t − a, X 兲, for a < t
R共 t 兲 = SL共 a* (21)
where SJ(a) is the survival function of juveniles which can be expressed in terms of µJ by a formula similar to (7), and J(0, t–a, X) is given by relationship (12).
共t兲兲
兰 冉兰 D
X
X
106
kL共 a*共 t 兲, X, Y; u 兲 B共 t − a*共 t 兲, Y 兲 dY
dX
B共 t − a*共 t 兲, Y 兲 dY (24)
A. RAMZI et al. / Oceanologica Acta 24 (2001) 101–112
parameters. Then, if one can estimate the egg distribution (from data sampling), the model can be used for recruitment prediction.
The proportion arriving at a given nursery Di from all the larvae born (on any of the admissible spawning grounds) is: Ri共 t 兲 = SL共 a*共 t 兲 兲
兰 冉兰 Di
X
kL共 a*共 t


How to Delete the User Account in Windows 10?
by Alice Woods - -
12
Question
Issue: How to Delete the User Account in Windows 10?
Hello, all. I've been sharing one PC with my sister for a long time. Now she's got a tablet, and the laptops are mine eventually! Could you please tell me if it's possible to delete my sister's account on my laptop? She's no longer using it, and I got her permission to remove it.
Solved Answer
 snapshot
When the Windows OS is set up for the first time, the PC, laptop or another device's user is asked to create the first user account. Such account is called a built-in administrative account. However, if several people share the same computer, each person should have a separate account. Although that's not obligatory, the different account allows users to customize personal settings, install preferable programs, save files, and perform other tasks without mixing them up with the other users. Another account(s) created on the Windows OS computer are called user account(s) and can be easily removed when using the built-in administrative account. Thus, if you are using a PC which has multiple user accounts, but you are the only actual user, you can easily delete unusable user accounts, but first make sure that you are logged into the built-in account with administrative privileges and make sure that other user accounts are logged out. After that, you should try one of the following methods:
Method 1. Delete the User Account using Settings app
Optimize now! Optimize now!
To restore your computer's peak performance, you have to purchase licensed version of Reimage Reimage repair software.
 1. Press Windows key + I to open "Settings".
 2. Click on the "Accounts" icon.
 3. Locate the "Family & other people" option on the left pane and click on the account that you want to delete.
 4. Select "Remove".
 5. Click "Delete account and data" to confirm the removal.
Method 2. Remove the User Account using Control Panel
Optimize now! Optimize now!
To restore your computer's peak performance, you have to purchase licensed version of Reimage Reimage repair software.
 1. Right-click on Windows key and select "Control Panel".
 2. Find "User Accounts" option and click it.
 3. Open "Manage another account" and click "Yes" on the UAC.
 4. Select the user that you opt for removing and click "Delete the account".
 5. Select "Delete Files" or "Keep Files" if you want to keep personal information stored on the account that is going to be removed.
 6. Then select "Delete Account" to confirm the changes.
Method 3. Terminate the User Account using Nrtplwiz
Optimize now! Optimize now!
To restore your computer's peak performance, you have to purchase licensed version of Reimage Reimage repair software.
 1. Press Windows key, type "netplwiz", and press "Enter."
 2. Press "Yes" on the UAC to proceed.
 3. Tick the "Users must enter a username and password to use this computer" check box.
 4. Select the user account that you want to delete and click "Remove."
 5. Click "Yes" to confirm the changes.
 6. In case Windows automatically signs into a particular user account, make sure to set this option again because account removal via Netplwiz might have changed the settings.
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What you can add more about the problem: "How to Delete the User Account in Windows 10?"


text:
I am working on a MapInfo plugin to convert MapInfo files to GeoJSON files.
I am having trouble matching up the object types of the two formats. Each GeoJSON object type is described in the documentation. The MapInfo object types are a bit more ambiguous. The best I can find is in the MapBasic reference file which says, for example:
- OBJ_INFO_TYPE value: OBJ_TYPE_REGION
- ID: 7
- Object type: Region Object
This is obvious enough but what exactly is a region? Is it analogous to a Polygon? Or is it any closed object?
Can anyone point me towards a decent definition of each object type?
I sent a message to the MapInfo support people who pointed me towards a section in the MapInfo User Guide headed "Map Objects as Part of Layers" which spells things out perfectly. I still can't find this page in the guide that I have (version 10.5) so I'll paste the relevant section below for anyone else in my position.
Quote starts here:
MapInfo Professional are made up of layers of map objects. There are five basic types of objects:
- Regions: closed objects that cover a given area. These include polygons, ellipses, and rectangles. For example, country boundaries, postal code boundaries, sales territories.
- Point objects: represent single locations of data. For example, customer locations, restaurants, parking meters. Points can also be combined into multipoint objects.
- Line objects: open objects that cover a given distance. These include lines, polylines, and arcs. Examples are streets, rivers, power lines.
- Text objects: text that describes a map or another object, such as labels and titles.
- Collection objects: combination of region, line, and multipoint objects.
You can have each type of object in a separate layer (most common), or you can combine objects in the same layer.


text:
View Full Version : Neutron Stars have charge...waa?
2008-May-24, 01:54 AM
Pardon me if this has already been asked, but since neutrons don't have charges, how can a neutron star have a magnetic field?
The composition of a neutron star is known only via theory, and theoretical details are not complete. However, a neutron star is believed to contain not only neutrons but also quarks, electrons, protrons, and nuclei of elements heavier than hydrogen, so there is plenty of charge present to account for a magnetic field. For more details, Google "neutron star" and go to "Structure" in the Wikikpedia article.
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header-feather.gifConsultation Office
The Kanawewim'nan Nikawiy Askiy Consultation Office is mandated to protect Swan River's Treaty and Traditional Territory.
Through site specific assessments this program endeavours to protect Swan River's ability to practise their Treaty Rights to hunt, fish, trap, and gather for 'as long as the sun shines, the grass grows, and the rivers flow'. Environmental, Traditional Use Study, and Archaeological divisions within the consultation office work to collect and record traditional knowledge, to conduct archaeological assessments, to create culturally sustaining land use plans, and to understand and deal with cumulative effects in Swan River First Nation's traditional territory.


text:
The name Pralus was first associated with chocolate in 1948 when Auguste Pralus began his first patisserie in France. Francois Pralus furthered the tradition by creating his own single-origin bars from the world's finest beans in 1991. As with many French chocolatiers, the cacao beans are roasted much longer than their European and American counterparts. The result is a darker colored bar with smokier, darker flavors. Explore the dark, roasty, iconic flavors of Francois Pralus chocolates.
- 100 gram bar, 45% milk chocolate
- Made with criollo beans from Indonesia
- Balanced flavors with notes of vanilla, caramel, and milky spices


text: In the paper is presented methodology of the X-ray image processing application to investigate gravitational flow in rectangular silo model. The proposed normalization procedure of X-ray data allows to visualize the changes of the volume fraction of sand during silo discharging process. The applied procedure of image processing, in contrast to the previously author works, allows to obtained more accurate information about the changes of material distribution level during process. The conducted image analysis simplifies the investigation of mass flow in various area of silo. The obtained results show the different particle behaviour in centre and at silo wall area. The experiments were conducted for different initially level of sand densities and roughness of the silo wall. Visualization of dissimilarity in interaction between the particles and particles, and between particles and the silo walls, even for smooth wall, was the main result of the Xray image analysis, especially for shear zone visualization.


text:
If you recently paved your driveway or sealcoated in Texas, don't fret when you notice tire scuff marks. Tire scuffs are typical on newly constructed asphalt pavements and will vanish with time. Scuffing does not always indicate poorly completed construction or substandard paving. Instead, tire scuffs are rather typical, and measures to terminate them will only devastate the pavement's surface.
Still curious about what drives the tire scuff marks on your asphalt? Our experts on asphalt paving in San Antonio, TX, help you discover the typical causes of tire scuffs on new asphalt.
A pavement with newly applied asphalt is inclined to scuff, particularly when automobiles are given admission before the established pavement cures. Tire scuffing is especially common in the first several months after application when the aggregate remains warm. After that, the pavement becomes invulnerable to scuffs, and the current tire scuffs disappear.
Some individuals' driving habits are pretty poor. Practices such as sharp turns, hard braking, and speeding are infamous for producing skid marks and scuffs on a fresh seal coat. Engaging power steering in a stationary vehicle is another common cause of tire scuffs.
Automobiles with front-wheel drive mainly cause scuffing, particularly when you rotate the front wheels while the vehicle is idle. Protective measures can control people's dangerous driving habits on the pavement. First, you can establish security cameras and stop signs. Speed bumps and speed limit signs are other ways to enhance people's driving patterns.
Many areas in Texas have harsh climates, leading to the demand for asphalt. However, the time of the year decides how quickly the pavement cures. Contractors like to apply sealcoating and asphalt paving in San Antonio, TX, at the close of summer or during the autumn months for a reason. All kinds of asphalt aggregate require cool temperatures to cure properly.
When the earth absorbs moisture with warm weather, the asphalt curing process slows and makes the recently laid asphalt sensitive to scuff marks and other impairments from external factors. Hot tires from automobiles arriving off the highway also generate scuffs on the pavement, particularly during hot weather.
Weighty tires found on trucks are likely to form scuff marks more than sedans or smaller automobile tires. Low-profile tires are pretty common today, and unlike traditional tires, low-profile tires require more tire pressure, which compels them to leave scuffs on the pavement. Aggressive tire tread designs also yield tire scuffs.
The asphalt mix composition specifies the efficacy of the pavement to withstand scuffing. If looks are a priority, small aggregates lead to a tight and smooth exterior that looks nice. Sadly, such pavement is inclined to scuffing.
On the other hand, rough aggregates are highly invulnerable to scuffs. Nevertheless, most individuals don't prefer coarse asphalt due to its rugged appearance. A paving contractor will advise you on the asphalt variety that fits your pavement.
Although construction problems hardly happen, they can induce tire scuffing. For example, if the contractor forgets to compact the pavement adequately after applying the asphalt, tire scuffs are unavoidable. Also, the pavement will have scuff marks if the contractor's gear encroaches on freshly spread asphalt before it thoroughly cures.
Luckily, the scuff marks don't endure. They ultimately fade as the asphalt ages. Contact our experts on asphalt paving in San Antonio, TX, today if you need an expert asphalt contractor to handle your asphalt paving and repair services.


text:
Bees learn while they sleep, and that means they might dream.
Photo via MYN Pierre Escoubas/naturepl.com
A new study suggests that bees can store information in long-term memory while they sleep, just like humans do when we dream
For all our obvious differences, humans and honeybees share some common threads within the fabric of life.
We are both social species. While humans speak and write to communicate, honeybees dance to one another; waggling their bodies for specific durations at angles that indicate where the best pockets of nectar or pollen are to be found outside the hustle and bustle of the nest.
But only forager bees – the eldest of several types of honeybee castes – do this. Just like in human populations, the honeybee colony is divided into different sectors of work. There are cleaners, nurses, security guards, not to mention collection bees whose sole job is to cache nectar in comb.