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Hi! Do birds excrete urine? I really don't know if they do and me and my friend were pondering this the other day!! Thanks so much, have a great day!! :)
Question Date: 2005-04-02
Answer 1:
Birds excrete that white pasty stuff instead of separately urinating and defecating like mammals do. So they don't exactly urinate, but they do something like it. All animals have to get rid of the nitrogen that is left over after breaking down proteins. Mammals turn it into urea and urinate it out. Birds and reptiles turn it into uric acid. Birds have a chamber called a cloaca where digestive wastes, uric acid, and eggs or sperm go before leaving the body. While the uric acid is in the cloaca, birds can absorb some of the water back. This helps them to conserve water. Some sea birds can even drink sea water and excrete the extra salt out of glands near their eyes.
Why do you think birds need to avoid having a full bladder? Think about the costs of flight.
Answer 2:
Birds, like all animals, have to get rid of their nitrogenous wastes somehow. When animals digest proteins and other nitrogen-containing compounds, one of the waste products is ammonia, which is toxic. Ammonia is so toxic, in fact, that it has to be kept pretty dilute in order to protect the animal. So the simplest solution is to excrete lots and lots of very dilute urine with ammonia in it. This is what lots of aquatic animals do, since they don't have to conserve water.
Mammals, for the most part, don't have access to an unlimited supply of water, so don't want to have to urinate gallons and gallons of ammonia every day.Instead, we convert the ammonia to the slightly less toxic compound urea. We can concentrate urea more than ammonia, so we can urinate less and conserve water.
Reptiles and birds, on the other hand, convert ammonia to uric acid, which is even less toxic than urea. In fact, uric acid doesn't need any water at all -- they can excrete it as a solid and conserve as much water as possible. If you've ever had the good fortune to take a good look at bird droppings, you've probably noticed that they tend to have black chunks (the feces) in a white pasty substance. This white stuff is mostly the uric acid. If you want some bonus vocabulary to impress your friends, here goes:
ammonia-excreting animals are 'ammonotelic', mammals and anything else that uses urea are 'ureotelic', and the birds and reptiles are 'uricotelic.'
Answer 3:
Birds crystallize their urine and excrete it, along with feces, out their cloacas (a hole that has been turned inside-out in mammals, including the urinary excretory orifice, the anus, and, in females, the vaginal opening).
Answer 4:
Yes, birds excrete urine. Birds have only one pathway to excrete any substance called a cloaca, so all the fluids and materials they excrete pass through the cloaca, usually in a mixed form.
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This is a mature male Pteragogus aurigarius wrasse, found in the Northwest Pacific around Japan and Taiwan.
Males compete with one another to establish territorial boundaries. This individual has just engaged in a brief battle with another male. He is departing the area, suggesting that he was no match for the rival male. These fish are normally darker in coloration. This light hue might possibly be a sign of submission. There is no common name in English for this fish. It is known as uhaguro-bera in Japanese.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


Codomain are these notations is made clear in this theorem a = to! ) and \ ( f\circ g\ ) to obtain the final answer the... B ) the '' R inverse '' has pairs ( B, a set of pairs.: invfcn-10 } \ ), express \ ( \PageIndex { 9 \label. Is reversable are inverse functions of each of the relation is reversable section Infinite. On its website: invfcn-03 } \ ] we need to consider two.... ) a well-defined function { 12 } \label { ex: invfcn-09 } \ ) properly passed to \ f^... Instance, " if it rains LibreTexts content is licensed by CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 support under numbers! It contains well written, well thought and well explained Computer Science portal for geeks,! 5 } \label { ex: invfcn-01 } \ ] in this case, we say that is! About data structures used to represent sets and the codomain, and _PHONE_ the pairs reversed 1 \label! ) is also logically true this theorem bigger one, see first figure below f ' x! Programming languages: Issues about data structures used to represent sets and Cardinality, a!


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An immigrant who is considered an "outstanding researcher or professor" may qualify for a EB-1B visa. The immigrant must be internationally acclaimed in his/her scientific or scholarly field of work.
Unlike EB-1A Visas, EB-1B immigrant visas must be employer sponsored meaning that the professor or researcher must have sponsorship from his/her employer throughout the petitioning process in order to receive a EB-1B Visa. Through the petition process, the employer becomes the petitioner and the immigrant receiving the EB-1B Visa is the beneficiary.
You must demonstrate international recognition for your outstanding achievements in a particular academic field. You must have at least 3 years' experience in teaching or research in that academic area. You must be entering the United States in order to pursue tenure or tenure track teaching or comparable research position at a university or other institution of higher education.
To be recognized internationally as an Outstanding Researcher or Professor in one's field requires at least two (2) of the following types of evidence:
- Evidence of receipt of major prizes or awards for outstanding achievement
- Evidence of membership in associations that require their members to demonstrate outstanding achievement
- Evidence of published material in professional publications written by others about the alien's work in the academic field
- Evidence of participation, either on a panel or individually, as a judge of the work of others in the same or allied academic field
- Evidence of original scientific or scholarly research contributions in the field
- Evidence of authorship of scholarly books or articles (in scholarly journals with international circulation) in the field
Applying for a EB-1B can be a grueling and involved process to provide enough evidence that you have been recognized internationally in your work. Be prepared for all situations by having a lawyer by your side. It is crucial to have an experienced professor and researcher visa immigration lawyer by your side to help you through the application process to make sure that you have met all the required criteria to be granted a EB-1B Visa.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Baylor Study Finds People Primed With Christian Religious Words More Likely To Express Racial PrejudiceApril 6, 2010
First study to scientifically test the effect of religion on racial prejudice
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A Baylor University study that is the first to scientifically test the effect of religion on racial prejudice has found people primed with Christian concepts led to increased expression of racial prejudice and general negative views toward African-Americans.
The study appeared this week in the premier journal Social Psychological and Personality Science.
"What's interesting about this study is that it shows some component of religion does lead to some negative evaluations of people based on race. We just don't know why," said Dr. Wade Rowatt, associate professor of psychology and neuroscience at Baylor who led the study. "It could be that priming religious words activates cognitive representation of things like right-wing authoritarianism and a Protestant work ethic."
Priming occurs when an earlier stimulus influences a response or behavior to a later stimulus. For instance, when a person is primed with a list of words about furniture that does not include the word "table," a higher percentage of participants would complete a word stem starting with "tab," as in "table," than non-primed people. Another example is people primed with old-age stereotype words walked more slowly down a hall after an experiment than those primed with young-age stereotype words.
Baylor researchers subliminally primed college students with neutral and Christian concepts like "heaven," "faith" and "cross." The participants were asked to categorize words on a computer screen, however before each word appeared, the "prime" word would appear on the computer screen for less than a half second. After being primed, the participants' attitudes toward African-Americans were assessed using both subtle and overt measures. For instance, one experiment presented the participants with an argument for or against a particular social policy that would be beneficial or detrimental to African Americans. The participants then rated the degree to which the argument supported the conclusion, thus reporting their underlying overt feelings toward African-Americans.
To determine if both experimental groups were equivalent with regard to their degree of religiousness or spirituality, measures were administered a few days before the priming experiment. Religiousness and spirituality were also were measured so that these variables could be statistically controlled when analyzing the effect of priming on religion.
Rowatt and his team, led by Baylor graduate student Megan K. Johnson, found when the participants were primed with Christian religious concepts, it increased subtle and overt prejudice toward African-Americans. However, the Baylor researchers also found priming Christian concepts did not cause a shift in reported underlying emotion, such as increases in fear of African-Americans. These priming effects persisted when the researchers controlled for pre-existing levels of religiousness and spirituality.
Media contact: Frank Raczkiewicz, Assistant Vice President of Media Communications, _PHONE_.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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EVALUATION OF AN ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK TECHNIQUE APPLIED TO MULTIPLE-SENSOR WEIGH-IN-MOTION SYSTEMS
ridership - commuting, economics - appraisal/evaluation
WIM, Weigh in motion, Noise (Communications), Neural networks, Calibration, Calibrating, Axle loads, Artificial neural networks, ANNs (Artificial neural networks), Algorithms, Accuracy
Weigh-in-motion (WIM) accuracy in measuring static axle loads is affected by vehicle dynamics and noise. Neural networks can identify underlying relationships, such as the spatial repeatability in axle dynamics, and can efficiently remove noise. Furthermore, they can adapt to changing circumstances (e.g., traffic characteristics, road profile, or sensor failure), unlike conventional WIM calibration algorithms. The performance of a multilayer feed-forward artificial neural network algorithm applied to a multiple-sensor WIM is analyzed. Numerical simulations of the axle forces applied on a smooth road profile are used to train, validate, and test the artificial neural network algorithm. This dynamic axle load variation is predicted with the vehicle simulation model VESYM. The mechanical parameters of the truck models and their speeds are randomly varied over a range established from real traffic measurements. Once the theoretical WIM data are obtained at the sensor locations, the measurements are artificially corrupted with noise up to the typical level of WIM accuracy. Details are given on the process of the neural network design, the size of the training sample, and the length of the training period. The artificial neural networks approach resulted in higher accuracy than the traditional average-based calibration method, especially at high noise levels. As a result, it shows promise for estimating static axle loads from multiple WIM measurements.
Gonzalez, A, Papagiannakis, A, O'Brien, E. (2003). EVALUATION OF AN ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK TECHNIQUE APPLIED TO MULTIPLE-SENSOR WEIGH-IN-MOTION SYSTEMS. Transportation Research Record, Vol. 1855, p. 151-159.


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The example below shows how to integrate DMX into Taphome via Taphome DMX Gateway.
- STEP: Connect DMX GATEWAY to any Taphome BUS terminal. It can be at the terminal along with other Taphome modules.
- STEP: Set up DMX Gateqay within Taphome application
a) Make sure that terminal is linked to TapHomeBus CCU within the Hardware settings page
b) Start "Find new devices" scan within TapHome Bus settings page
c) After successful scan open DMXG device within TapHome Bus settings page
d) Use "+ Add device" to add new DMX device
e) The result


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Colliery checks and tokens
Lamp checks (or 'tokens' or 'tallies') are one of the most popular coal mining objects collected by both museums and the general public. They basically informed colliery management of who was in work but became vital when rescue services needed to know how many men were actually underground during an incident such as a fire or explosion. Colliery check systems apparently became common during the late nineteenth century and became mandatory in 1913 after an amendment to the 1911 Coal Mines Act.
Check systems varied between coal fields and altered over time, by the late 1970s a three check system (safety check system) became common. In this system each underground worker was issued with three checks, often of different shapes and sizes, one to be handed in to the lamp room, one to be handed to the banksman before the man descended the shaft and one was kept on the person during the shift.
A similar system was used by Mines Rescue during incidents. This was similar to the three check system but pre dated it. In this system a red plastic disc was handed into the lamp room, a yellow plastic disc to the banksman and a copper disc was worn around the neck during the time the rescue man was underground.
Other types of checks were also issued in the mining industry such as those used for shotfiring, canteens, pithead baths and bus and train passes. The mining trade unions also issued checks in various forms to show when a member had paid his contributions. Mining institutes and public houses in mining areas also issued beer checks on various occasions.
Amgueddfa Cymru's Industry Department has collected over a thousand examples of these colliery checks and tokens. Some are on display at Big Pit: National Coal Museum and examples can be seen on our online resource Images of Industry
Article by: Ceri Thompson, Curator, Big Pit: National Coal Museum
Lampchecks and tokens
Article Date: 30 January 2013


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In this work, we propose a novel ${\bf K}$ernelized ${\bf S}$tein Discrepancy-based Posterior Sampling for ${\bf RL}$ algorithm (named $\texttt{KSRL}$) which extends model-based RL based upon posterior sampling (PSRL) in several ways: we (i) relax the need for any smoothness or Gaussian assumptions, allowing for complex mixture models; (ii) ensure it is applicable to large-scale training by incorporating a compression step such that the posterior consists of a \emph{Bayesian coreset} of only statistically significant past state-action pairs; and (iii) develop a novel regret analysis of PSRL based upon integral probability metrics, which, under a smoothness condition on the constructed posterior, can be evaluated in closed form as the kernelized Stein discrepancy (KSD). Consequently, we are able to improve the $\mathcal{O}(H^{3/2}d\sqrt{T})$ {regret} of PSRL to $\mathcal{O}(H^{3/2}\sqrt{T})$, where $d$ is the input dimension, $H$ is the episode length, and $T$ is the total number of episodes experienced, alleviating a linear dependence on $d$ . Moreover, we theoretically establish a trade-off between regret rate with posterior representational complexity via introducing a compression budget parameter $\epsilon$ based on KSD, and establish a lower bound on the required complexity for consistency of the model. Experimentally, we observe that this approach is competitive with several state of the art RL methodologies, with substantive improvements in computation time. Experimentally, we observe that this approach is competitive with several state of the art RL methodologies, and can achieve up-to $50\%$ reduction in wall clock time in some continuous control environments.
翻訳日:2022-06-03 13:46:15 公開日:2022-06-02
# 腱核ノルムとCasorati Matrix核ノルムの併用による動的心内MRI画像再構成
Dynamic Cardiac MRI Reconstruction Using Combined Tensor Nuclear Norm and Casorati Matrix Nuclear Norm Regularizations ( _URL_ )
ライセンス: Link先を確認
Yinghao Zhang, Yue Hu(参考訳) 低ランクテンソルモデルが動的磁気共鳴イメージング(dMRI)に応用されている。 近年, t-SVDに基づく新しいテンソル核ノルムが提案され, テンソル完備化に応用されている。 テンソル核ノルム(TNN)とカソラティマトリックス核ノルム(MNN)の異なる性質に着想を得て,我々は,TMNNと呼ばれるdMRIを再構成するためのTNNとカソラティMNNの規則化フレームワークを導入した。 提案手法は動的MRデータの空間構造と時間相関を同時に利用する。 乗算器の交互方向法(ADMM)により最適化問題を効率的に解くことができる。 計算効率をさらに向上するために,カルテシアンサンプリングのシナリオ下で高速なアルゴリズムを開発する。 心臓血管MRIおよび灌流MRIデータに基づく数値実験により,従来のカソーラティ核標準法の性能改善が示された。
Low-rank tensor models have been applied in accelerating dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI). Recently, a new tensor nuclear norm based on t-SVD has been proposed and applied to tensor completion. Inspired by the different properties of the tensor nuclear norm (TNN) and the Casorati matrix nuclear norm (MNN), we introduce a combined TNN and Casorati MNN regularizations framework to reconstruct dMRI, which we term as TMNN. The proposed method simultaneously exploits the spatial structure and the temporal correlation of the dynamic MR data. The optimization problem can be efficiently solved by the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM). In order to further improve the computational efficiency, we develop a fast algorithm under the Cartesian sampling scenario. Numerical experiments based on cardiac cine MRI and perfusion MRI data demonstrate the performance improvement over the traditional Casorati nuclear norm regularization method.
翻訳日:2022-06-03 13:45:33 公開日:2022-06-02
# (参考訳) ニューラルマシン翻訳における低リソース領域適応に適したレシピの探索
Finding the Right Recipe for Low Resource Domain Adaptation in Neural Machine Translation ( _URL_ )
ライセンス: CC BY 4.0
Virginia Adams, Sandeep Subramanian, Mike Chrzanowski, Oleksii Hrinchuk, and Oleksii Kuchaiev(参考訳) 一般的な翻訳モデルは、しばしば特別なドメインで正確な翻訳を生成するのに苦労する。 機械翻訳の実践者を指導し、異なるデータ可用性シナリオ下でのドメイン適応手法の有効性を特徴付けるため、アーキテクチャ変更が不可能な環境で、事前訓練されたサードパーティNMTモデルのドメイン適応に対する単言語および並列データアプローチの詳細な実験を行った。 我々はデータ中心適応法を分離と組み合わせで比較する。 超低資源(8k並列実例)および適度低資源(46k並列実例)条件における手法の有効性について検討し、元のドメイン翻訳品質の低減を緩和するためのアンサンブルアプローチを提案する。 我々の研究は、消費者電子、臨床、バイオメディカルの3つの領域を含み、Zh-En、Ja-En、Es-En、Ru-Enの4つの言語対にまたがる。 また、高いドメイン内パフォーマンスを達成するための具体的な推奨を行い、すべての言語用のコンシューマ電子および医療ドメインデータセットをリリースし、コードを公開できるようにしています。
General translation models often still struggle to generate accurate translations in specialized domains. To guide machine translation practitioners and characterize the effectiveness of domain adaptation methods under different data availability scenarios, we conduct an in-depth empirical exploration of monolingual and parallel data approaches to domain adaptation of pre-trained, third-party, NMT models in settings where architecture change is impractical. We compare data centric adaptation methods in isolation and combination. We study method effectiveness in very low resource (8k parallel examples) and moderately low resource (46k parallel examples) conditions and propose an ensemble approach to alleviate reductions in original domain translation quality. Our work includes three domains: consumer electronic, clinical, and biomedical and spans four language pairs - Zh-En, Ja-En, Es-En, and Ru-En. We also make concrete recommendations for achieving high in-domain performance and release our consumer electronic and medical domain datasets for all languages and make our code publicly available.
翻訳日:2022-06-03 13:43:13 公開日:2022-06-02
# ニューラルネットワークアンサンブルのための特徴空間粒子推定
Feature Space Particle Inference for Neural Network Ensembles ( _URL_ )
ライセンス: Link先を確認
Shingo Yashima, Teppei Suzuki, Kohta Ishikawa, Ikuro Sato, Rei Kawakami(参考訳) ディープニューラルネットワークのアンサンブルは、単一モデルに対するパフォーマンスの向上を示しています。 性能を維持しながらアンサンブルメンバーの多様性を高めるために、粒子ベースの推論手法はベイズの観点から有望なアプローチを提供する。 しかし、これらの手法をニューラルネットワークに適用する最善の方法は、まだ不明である:重み空間後部からのサンプルの探索は、過度なパラメータ化の問題によって非効率に苦しむ一方で、関数空間後部から直接の


Assembly Members Joann Downey and Eric Houghtaling (D-Monmouth) introduced legislation to allow adult-use and medical homegrown into the Assembly.
Houghtaling and Downey represent the 11th Legislative District with Vin Gopal, who introduced a Senate homegrow bill last week. They all represent Asbury Park, a progressive bastion open to legalization thus far.
The legislation, A. 5552, would allow people 21 and older to grow up to six plants for recreational use or up to 10 plants for medical use. A single household would not be permitted to have more than 12 plants.
The bill is called "Legalizes growing or possessing up to six marijuana plants for personal recreational use, and up to 10 plants for personal medical use, by persons aged 21 or older."
There is no bill language or text to read yet.
"Allowing individuals to grow cannabis inside their homes will tremendously help those who have financial struggles and need to fill their prescription," Downey said.
"In most cases, individuals are paying an exorbitant amount of money at dispensaries, and what they buy does not even fill their prescription. Allowing individuals to grow up to 10 plants for medical use will greatly benefit the individuals who are in pain both physically and financially," she added.
"There is an issue at hand when we legalize marijuana, yet we punish individuals for growing it in their own home. As the law stands currently, growing even one plant can result in a first-degree crime punishable by 10 to 20 years in prison," Houghtaling said. "This legislation will allow individuals the access to grow up to six plants for recreational use and ten plants for medical use in their own home without the threat of going to prison."
The Politics of Homegrow
"Home grow just makes sense. Let people be. They're not hurting anyone. And if that helps, especially on the medical side as well, then we should embrace it," Gopal said. "Allow people 21 and older to grow up to six plants for recreational use or up to 10 plants for medical use."
Homegrow is a politically contentious issue. Many grassroots advocates and Green Rusher entrepreneurs and professionals testified in favor of homegrow during the legalization hearings. Most of their pleas for a way to secure better, affordable cannabis fell on deaf ears who told them it was too risky or they needed to wait.
In the wake of legalization, Senator Troy Singleton (D-Burlington) introduced a medical homegrow bill. Gopal signed on to that bill as well. He voiced support for homegrow last year. It will be interesting to see what happens to the two bills.
Longtime advocates revile Singleton's longtime district mate Assemblyman Herb Conaway for removing homegrow from the medical cannabis law CUMMA in 2010 at the eleventh hour. Advocates say Conaway did not like homegrow because there was no money to made from it. Many argue that the gardening supplies would generate a lot of business. There's always a way for the State of New Jersey to make money.
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Dux Motus, latin/ Movement Guide
"what would happen if you were able to visualize and interact with a three-dimensional dance score within an immersive environment?"
Dux Motus? is a movement exploration tool for VR provoking non-habitual actions in users from a wide range of backgrounds through an immersive and interactive dance score. Within the virtual environment, users interact with 3D objects that act as stimuli, prompting and encouraging them to utilise their intuition and interpretation to generate performative movement.
The tool's framework is constructed using the principles of dance scores, dance notation, and structured improvisation, building on theories of Rudolf von Laban, Motif Writing, and William Forsythe to create a novel 3D notation system that is interactive and easy to grasp.
Presented with a structured sequence of interactive objects, the experience provides users with improvisational parameters in which they can visualise and interpret somatic cues in real-time, as opposed to performing a previously learnt sequence of movement. The system is comprised of 'notational' objects that provide movement, behavioral, and qualitative information in order to connect one's physicality with integral performance components – feeling, emotion, intention, sensation – in addition to affective feedback from the VR environment.
Dux Motus aims to create opportunity for discovery and afford new ways of thinking in movement to people, regardless of previous experience of dance training. In providing an immersive space for sensory-kinetic and somatic exploration, it fosters an environment in which individuals can freely express movement that is authentic to them.
Immersive environments provide the opportunity for dancers to see and physically engage with a score that guides their improvisation. Virtual reality allows dancers to respond without anticipation to prescriptive scores by generating real-time interaction with virtual objects. Visuals created in VR have the capability to connect with the mind while providing an intrinsically somatic experience for the user. The notion of imagery guiding improvisation, previously exclusive to the mind of the dancer, being visible within an immersive environment led my design process.
The design of the VR environment is rooted deeply in research and theory. While its design will continue to develop, certain fundamental aspects will remain. By creating a simple and clean VR environment, the users can focus on the notational objects as their primary source of movement information. However, the environment is designed to add additional feedback by transforming physical elements and providing affective information via changes in atmospheric conditions. Additionally, the VR environment will be designed with reference points to orient the dancer within the virtual space and ground them while moving.
Both the VR environment and the user's physical environment have great impact on their movement. Sensory information is taken from both environments, transforming the outcome and giving each user a unique experience. This tool draws upon both architecture and dance as critical components in its design, for spaces we inhabit alter our experiences. It is worth noting William Forsythe's improvisation technique, Room Writing, where the dancer is asked to draw upon architectural and physical elements of a room and translate them into movement. By creating a tool where both the environment and score are unique and unpredictable, the performative outcome will always differ.
This tool uses the Oculus Quest VR headset and hand-tracking to provide a guide for improvisation. The user enters the VR space and is prompted by a notational object. Objects vary in shape and behaviour, but all provide both movement and qualitative information. Two types of objects guide the user through the score: Incoming objects, which approach the user, and Gravitating objects, which beckon the user. The objects can respond to a user's interactions, thus providing more movement feedback. The score is designed so that the user is only interacting with one object at a time, allowing for flow of movement, while encouraging intuitive non-habitual movement responses. The notation objects also provide affective information through sound. There is no "correct" way to interact with an object, and completely up to the user to explore all options.
The design of this project is still in progress. This iteration stands as a foundation for my future design of both the environment and the notation objects. This project will continue to be developed in Unity, and will be tested on various users to enhance its value as an improvisational tool and experience.
Katan-Schmid, E. (2017). Dancing Metaphors; Creative Thinking within Bodily Movements. Proceedings of the European Society for Aesthetics, [online] 9, pp.275–290. Available at: _URL_
Katan-Schmid, E. (2019). Improvisieren Playing with Virtual Realities. A Practice based- Research Experiment in Dancing with Technology. Experimentieren, [online] pp.93–106. Available at: _URL_
Katan-Schmid, E. (2020). Playing with Virtual Realities: Navigating Immersion within Diverse Environments (Artist-Led Perspective). Body, Space & Technology, 19(1), p.224.
Kleida, D. (2018). On the Technological Conditions of the Representation of Movement: Dance Notation Systems & Annotation Practices as Gestures. [Research Master Thesis] pp.1–77. Available at: _URL_
Millard, O. (2016). What's the score? Using scores in dance improvisation. [online] Ausdance. Available at: _URL_
Watts, V. (2010). Dancing the Score: Dance Notation and Différance. Dance Research, 28(1), pp.7–18.
Watts, V. (2014). The Perpetual "Present" of Dance Notation. Ekphrasis, [online] 12(2), pp.180–199. Available at: _URL_


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OSTree is a set of command line tools and libraries (libostree) for downloading, managing and updating large filesystem trees in a git-style fashion. Some GNU/Linux distributions use it as an alternative or addition to traditional package managers like apt and dnf.
OSTree uses a content-addressed object store with branches to store file system trees. These trees can be cloned but they can not be changed. Individual files have checksums to ensure integrity. Think git for bootable root file systems with a different toolset geared towards maintaining entire operating systems. OSTree differs from git in one very notable way: The cloned files are immutable, they can not be changed. Upgrading is done by cloning an entirely new tree which is then merged with the existing tree. This ensures that the running tree remains unchanged. The new upgraded tree does not become active until the next system reboot.
OSTree distributions install the core base system to /ostree/deploy/currentroot instead of /. /ostree/deploy/ can contain several complete system trees side-by-side, but only one will be in use at any one time.
Distributions using OSTree will typically use it to install and maintain a bootable base system. End-users can install additional packages using either traditional package managers or Flatpak or Snap depending on the distribution. OSTree itself is not aware of any individual packages, all it knows about is the entire file system tree it maintains in /ostree.
OSTree is used by endless OS, Fedora CoreOS, Fedora Silverblue, CentOS and the GNOME continuous project.


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difference between horizontal and vertical disk mill
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Lab 2 – Layouts and Event Handlers, Pig Game v1
$30.00
Category:
Description
Purpose: This lab is designed to give you practice:

 - Using Layouts: Relative, Vertical and Horizontal,

 - Accommodating orientations: landscape and portrait
 - Handling events

Part 1: Do the textbook exercises shown below. Note that for many of these, there is a starter project in the source code provided by the publisher of the textbook.
 - 4-1, Test and debug the Tip Calculator app

Upload a text file to Canvas in which you will report, for each exercise above, whether you:

 1. Followed all the steps shown in the book and successfully compiled and ran the program (where applicable).
 2. Loaded the completed solution, experimented with the code, and ran the program (where applicable).
 3. Read through the steps and inspected the relevant code listings without writing or running a program.
 4. Didn't do any of the above.
Part 2: Create an app for playing the game of "Pig". Pig is a dice game with 2 players. Players roll one die as many times as they wish or until they roll a 1. Their score for the turn is the sum of their rolls unless they get a 1, then it's zero. Players keep taking turns rolling until someone gets to 100. If the player who had the first roll reaches 100, the second player may still take their turn (so that both players get the same number of turns). The player with the highest score wins.

You can see an example of an online pig game here:

_URL_

The UI for your game should be similar to the one shown below:

 - Images are provided for the six sides of the die.

 - Arrange the widgets using a relative layout, or a vertical linear layout with nested horizontal and vertical linear layouts. You can set the orientation to be portrait only in the manifest.

 - Use the names entered in the editable text views for Player 1 and Player 2 to display the name of the player whose turn it is.
 - Put the pig game logic in it's own class.

 - Optional: Use a Frame Layout to hold a background image for the app (provide your own image).

Zip the project and upload it to Canvas.
error: Content is protected !!


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Marcellus Lovejoy Stearns
Some description
Marcellus Lovejoy Stearns
Eleventh (acting) governor
March 18, 1875 to January 2, 1877
Oil over photograph, Claribel Jett, ca. 1960
Marcellus L. Stearns was born at Lovell, Me., on April 29, 1839. He left Waterville (now Colby) College in 1861 to join the Union army. During the Civil War, Stearns lost an arm at the Battle of Winchester. He studied law while in the Army and eventually was sent to Quincy, Fla., where he remained after his discharge.
Stearns was a member of both the 1868 constitutional convention and the Florida House of Representatives from 1868 through 1872, serving as speaker of the 1869 session. He was elected lieutenant governor in 1872 and succeeded to the governorship a year and a half later, upon the death of Governor Ossian Hart.
While Stearns was governor, Florida's budget was balanced, and tourists first began to flock to the state. In 1877, Stearns was appointed U.S. commissioner at Hot Springs, Ark., serving until 1880. He died in Palatine Bridge, N.Y., on December 8, 1891.


text:
Edit and/or assign an existing Labor Activity for the Company. Labor Activities define specific work-related tasks performed by your Company. Access this from the project management menu by going to Project>Setup
Labor Activities may be assigned to Projects via the Display/Hide buttons.
Display/Hide Labor Activities:
Code - Edit the code by which you identify the Labor Activity.
Labor Activity - Edit the descriptive name of the Labor Activity.
Active On Form(s) - Select which forms on which the Labor Activity should appear.
Display - Select this button to display the Labor Activity on the corresponding Project.
Hide - Select this button to hide the Labor Activity on the corresponding Project.
Used - Displays how many time this Labor Activity has been used on the corresponding Project.
Click the Save Data button to accept the edited data and file the Labor Activity in your eSUB database.
After saving you will be returned to the Add Labor Activity page.


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C#/VB - Automated WebSpider / WebRobot
, 15 Mar 2004
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Build a flexible WebRobot and process an entire site using a WebSpider
Introduction
What is a WebSpider
A WebSpider or crawler is an automated program that follows links on websites and calls a WebRobot to handle the contents of each link.
What is a WebRobot
A WebRobot is a program that processes the content found through a link, a WebRobot can be used for indexing a page or extracting useful information based on a predefined query, common examples are - Link checkers, e-mail address extractors, multimedia extractors and update watchers.
Background
I had a recent contract to build a web page link checker, this component had to be able to check links that were stored in a database as well as to check links on a website, both through the local file system and over the internet.
This article explains the WebRobot, the WebSpider and how to enhance the WebRobot through specialized content handlers, the code shown has some superfluous code such try blocks, variable initialization and minor methods removed.
Class overview
The classes that make up the WebRobot are; WebPageState, which represents a URI and its current state in the process chain and an implementation of IWebPageProcessor, which performs the actual reading of the URI, calling content handlers and dealing with page errors.
The WebSpider has only one class WebSpider, this maintains a list of pending/processed URI's contained in a list of WebPageState objects and runs WebPageProcessor against each WebPageState to extract links to other pages and to test whether the URI's are valid.
Using the code - WebRobot
Web page processing is handled by an object that implements IWebPageProcessor. The Process method expects to receive a WebPageState, this will be updated during page processing and if all is successful the method will return true. Any number of content handlers can be also be called after the page has been read, by assigning WebPageContentDelegate delegates to the processor.
public delegate void WebPageContentDelegate( WebPageState state );
public interface IWebPageProcessor
{
 bool Process( WebPageState state );
 WebPageContentDelegate ContentHandler { get; set; }
}
The WebPageState object holds state and content information for the URI being processed. All properties of this object are read/write accept for the URI which must be passed in through the constructor.
public class WebPageState
{
 private WebPageState( ) {}
 public WebPageState( Uri uri )
 {
 m_uri = uri;
 }
 public WebPageState( string uri )
 : this( new Uri( uri ) ) { }
 Uri m_uri; // URI to be processed
 string m_content; // Content of webpage
 string m_processInstructions = ""; // User defined instructions
 // for content handlers
 bool m_processStarted = false;
 // Becomes true when processing starts
 bool m_processSuccessfull = false;
 // Becomes true if process was successful
 string m_statusCode;
 // HTTP status code
 string m_statusDescription;
 // HTTP status description, or exception message
 // Standard Getters/Setters....
}
The WebPageProcessor is an implementation of the IWebPageProcessor that does the actual work of reading in the content, handling error codes/exceptions and calling the content handlers. WebPageProcessor may be replaced or extended to provide additional functionality, though adding a content handler is generally a better option.
 public class WebPageProcessor : IWebPageProcessor
 {
 public bool Process( WebPageState state )
 {
 state.ProcessStarted = true;
 state.ProcessSuccessfull = false;
 // Use WebRequest.Create to handle URI's for
 // the following schemes: file, http & https
 WebRequest req = WebRequest.Create( state.Uri );
 WebResponse res = null;
 try
 {
 // Issue a response against the request.
 // If any problems are going to happen they
 // they are likly to happen here in the form of an exception.
 res = req.GetResponse( );
 // If we reach here then everything is likly to be OK.
 if ( res is HttpWebResponse )
 {
 state.StatusCode =
 ((HttpWebResponse)res).StatusCode.ToString( );
 state.StatusDescription =
 ((HttpWebResponse)res).StatusDescription;
 }
 if ( res is FileWebResponse )
 {
 state.StatusCode = "OK";
 state.StatusDescription = "OK";
 }
 if ( state.StatusCode.Equals( "OK" ) )
 {
 // Read the contents into our state
 // object and fire the content handlers
 StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(
 res.GetResponseStream( ) );
 state.Content = sr.ReadToEnd( );
 if ( ContentHandler != null )
 {
 ContentHandler( state );
 }
 }
 state.ProcessSuccessfull = true;
 }
 catch( Exception ex )
 {
 HandleException( ex, state );
 }
 finally
 {
 if ( res != null )
 {
 res.Close( );
 }
 }
 return state.ProcessSuccessfull;
 }
 }
 // Store any content handlers
 private WebPageContentDelegate m_contentHandler = null;
 public WebPageContentDelegate ContentHandler
 {
 get { return m_contentHandler; }
 set { m_contentHandler = value; }
 }
There are additonal private methods in the WebPageProcessor to handle HTTP error codes and file not found errors when dealing with the "file://" scheme as well as more severe exceptions.
Using the code - WebSpider
The WebSpider class is really just a harness for calling the WebRobot in a particular way. It provides the robot with a specialized content handler for crawling through web links and maintains a list of both pending pages and already visited pages. The current WebSpider is designed to start from a given URI and to limit full page processing to a base path.
// CONSTRUCTORS
//
// Process a URI, until all links are checked,
// only add new links for processing if they
// point to the same host as specified in the startUri.
public WebSpider(
 string startUri
 ) : this ( startUri, -1 ) { }
// As above only limit the links to uriProcessedCountMax.
public WebSpider(
 string startUri,
 int uriProcessedCountMax
 ) : this ( startUri, "", uriProcessedCountMax,
 false, new WebPageProcessor( ) ) { }
// As above, except new links are only added if
// they are on the path specified by baseUri.
public WebSpider(
 string startUri,
 string baseUri,
 int uriProcessedCountMax
 ) : this ( startUri, baseUri, uriProcessedCountMax,
 false, new WebPageProcessor( ) ) { }
// As above, you can specify whether the web page
// content is kept after it is processed, by
// default this would be false to conserve memory
// when used on large sites.
public WebSpider(
 string startUri,
 string baseUri,
 int uriProcessedCountMax,
 bool keepWebContent,
 IWebPageProcessor webPageProcessor )
{
 // Initialize web spider ...
}
Why is there a base path limit?
Since there are trillions of pages on the Internet, this spider will check all links that it finds to see if they are valid, but it will only add new links to the pending queue if those links belong within the context of the initial website or sub path of that website.
So if we are starting from _URL_ and this page has link to _URL_ and _URL_ then the WebRobot will be called against both links to check if they are valid but it will only add new links found within _URL_
Call the Execute method to start the spider. This method will add the startUri to a Queue of pending pages and then call the IWebPageProcessor until there are no pages left to process.
public void Execute( )
{
 AddWebPage( StartUri, StartUri.AbsoluteUri );
 while ( WebPagesPending.Count > 0 &&
 ( UriProcessedCountMax == -1 || UriProcessedCount
 < UriProcessedCountMax ) )
 {
 WebPageState state = (WebPageState)m_webPagesPending.Dequeue( );
 m_webPageProcessor.Process( state );
 if ( ! KeepWebContent )


salsa recipe
Mary, Mary, Quite Contrary…
Lettuce photoDo your kids know where healthy food comes from? (Hopefully they realize it's not from a convenience store or the drive-up window of a fast food restaurant!)
One of the best ways for children to learn about where the good food on your family table originates–and one of the best ways for them to learn to love it–is to grow it themselves.
Think about it: How much more likely is your daughter to eat a salad she makes herself–from ingredients she grew herself–than a salad plopped down in front of her at the table with the words, "Eat it. It's good for you"? ("I don't eat anything green," I once heard a child pronounce.)
Read more


text:
Kansas City History
Mon May 21, 2012
Reconsidering The Legacy Of KC's Champion Cakewalker
Every month, the staff of the Kansas City Museum asks a local expert in some field to talk about a piece from the museum's collection for its Community Curator program.
This month's talk is by Glenn North, the poet-in-residence at the American Jazz Museum, and it focuses on a painting that made North uncomfortable at first.
The painting depicts the champion cakewalker William Henry Joseph Cutter Brown, known popularly in Kansas City as "Doc Brown." (Cakewalking is a kind of dance that originated on slave plantations in the 18th century, and was popular through the 19th – more about that in a bit.)
The Portrait of Joseph "Doc" Brown(1896), by local African American painter Millard C. Haywood, depicts the former slave in a long suit, tipping his top hat and smiling.
"Initially, I was uncomfortable in that part of African American history," North said. "We talk about minstrelsy and some of the things that were forced on black entertainers at the time for them to have to act, to kind of step and fetch, and jive and shuffle."
Cakewalking has its roots in southern slave plantations. According to North, white land-owners would hold social functions where they'd dance ballroom dances like the minuet. Slaves would watch and then mock those dances at their own parties. Whites grew to like the parody and began to hold dance competitions for their slaves. The prize for the winning couple would be a cake. (That's where expressions like "She takes the cake," or something easy being "a cakewalk" or "a piece of cake" comes from.)
"Eventually, white people then started wearing blackface in minstrel shows and would poke fun at how black people danced, so there's this weird history associated with it," North said. "But what I think is the most interesting thing is that even during times of severe oppression, black cultural expression becomes important because of how we're able to express rebellion."
Joseph "Doc" Brown became a popular Kansas City personality in the late 19th century, and his life was extensively documented by the Kansas City Star, at a time, North writes, "events in the black community were not considered newsworthy."
Kansas City Kansas composer Charles Leslie Johnson wrote a ragtime hit in 1899 called Doc Brown's Cake Walk (it's the background music in the audio version of this story – just click listen above). Composer John Philip Sousa heard the tune when traveling through Kansas City and began performing it nation-wide.
After North researched the history of Brown's life and cakewalking, his reaction to the painting changed. He writes in his essay for the Community Curator series:
I am forced to reconsider my original thoughts about the painting and I am confronted with its quiet beauty. Perhaps rather than portraying the stereotypical docile Negro on canvas, Haywood was able to capture the essence of a consummate showman. It seems that although Doc Brown's back is bent in the painting, it housed a spine as sturdy and erect as the red brick wall behind him. The confident smile and wave of his top hat lets me know that "Doc" Brown endured slavery, laughed in the face of injustice, possum trotted above racism, kangaroo hopped over poverty and cakewalked beyond the specter of minstrelsy into a class of his own. Yes, History is a tricky thing for black folks. It is often times a source of pain and shame. But people like Doctor William Henry Joseph Cutter Brown provide these incredible occasions when history offers us joy and pride.
Glenn North will be talking about "Doc Brown" and cakewalking as part of the Kansas City Museum's Community Curator Series on Tuesday, May 22, 2012 at 6:30pm at Union Station. See videos of past Community Curator lectures here.


text:
CEDAR CREEK, TX (DELTA COUNTY)
CEDAR CREEK, TEXAS (Delta County). Cedar Creek was two miles southeast of Cooper, just south of the site of present City Lake, in southern Delta County. Settlement of the area began in the 1840s and 1850s. Early families included the Dawsons and Wrights, and residents established a settlement called Daisy Mission. The name was changed to Cedar Creek, named for the forests in the area and for a local creek. The settlers soon organized Cedar Creek School in a log house and by 1867 had established the Cedar Creek School District. In 1905 the school district enrolled forty-seven students and employed one teacher. Local residents organized the Cedar Creek Church in 1929; it met in the school, and T. M. McClain was the first pastor. The congregation sent a messenger to the Delta County Baptist Association meeting in 1931; however, the church was usually without a pastor. In 1949 Cooper Independent School District absorbed the local school, and the church closed soon after. The little community had disappeared from maps by 1964, and only Dawson Cemetery, near the old site, was identified on maps in 1984. The site of Cedar Creek was inundated with the completion of Cooper Lake in 1991. Dawson Cemetery was moved to a new site on Farm Road 1529. The old cemetery site was located within the boundaries of the Doctors Creek Unit of Cooper Lake State Park.
Paul Garland Hervey, A History of Education in Delta County, Texas (M.A. thesis, University of Texas, 1951). Laurie E. Jasinski, "The Hunt, the Harvest, and the Hoedown: A History of Cooper Lake State Park" (unpublished report, Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, Cultural Resources Program, Austin, 2004). Wilma Ross and Billie Phillips, Photos and Tales of Delta County (1976).
The following, adapted from the Chicago Manual of Style, 15th edition, is the preferred citation for this article.Vista K. McCroskey, "CEDAR CREEK, TX (DELTA COUNTY)," Handbook of Texas Online (_URL_ accessed June 19, 2013. Published by the Texas State Historical Association.


A mean field approach for optimization in discrete time
This paper investigates the limit behavior of Markov decision processes made of independent objects evolving in a common environment, when the number of objects (N) goes to infinity. In the finite horizon case, we show that when the number of objects becomes large, the optimal cost of the system converges to the optimal cost of a discrete time system that is deterministic. Convergence also holds for optimal policies. We further provide bounds on the speed of convergence by proving second order results that resemble central limits theorems for the cost and the state of the Markov decision process, with explicit formulas for the limit. These bounds (of order $1/\sqrt{N}$ ) are proven to be tight in a numerical example. One can even go further and get convergence of order $\sqrt{\log N}/N$ to a stochastic system made of the mean field limit and a Gaussian term. Our framework is applied to a brokering problem in grid computing. Several simulations with growing numbers of processors are reported. They compare the performance of the optimal policy of the limit system used in the finite case with classical policies by measuring its asymptotic gain. Several extensions are also discussed. In particular, for infinite horizon cases with discounted costs, we show that first order limits hold and that second order results also hold as long as the discount factor is small enough. As for infinite horizon cases with non-discounted costs, examples show that even the first order limits may not hold.
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Discrete Event Dynamic Systems, 21, 1, 63-101
Year:
2011
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When the Ford Fusion comes to market, it will be able to provide the most technologically advanced vacuum cleaners in the world.
The new electric-powered model will be the first in Ford's Fusion lineup to feature the new LIDAR system, which detects objects from up to six meters away.
And Ford has added an onboard navigation system to the Fusion.
The LIDA system is the newest technology that can recognize objects from two meters away, allowing Ford to provide even better vehicle performance.
It's the first time Ford has implemented LIDARC, and Ford is planning to add more sensors in the future.
But Ford's new vacuum cleaner also has some of the most advanced sensors on the market.
In fact, the LID-A system can detect up to 200 objects per minute.
Ford says it's able to detect up the distance from the vehicle's center of gravity to the rear wheels, which makes it much more accurate.
It also has a more sensitive sensor, called an accelerometer, which measures how much force the vacuum cleaner exerts on objects.
The sensor is mounted to the top of the vacuum system, and it can detect objects up to 50 centimeters away.
The accelerometer can also detect the temperature and pressure of the air in the vacuum, which can give the LidAR a much clearer picture of how fast and how far away objects are.
And the sensors on Ford's vacuum trucks are also incredibly accurate, allowing the truckers to operate their vacuum cleaner in extreme conditions.
According to Ford, the Ford Escape can detect a distance of up to 5 meters away in both dry and wet conditions.
The Ford F-150 can detect the distance of 2.5 meters.
The Volvo XC90 can detect distances up to 2 meters in wet and dry conditions.
And a number of other electric-power vehicles are capable of detecting distances up at least five meters.
This new technology is particularly useful for people working on large construction sites or on remote areas.
But it also makes it possible to improve the performance of Ford's vehicles.
For example, Ford's engineers are working on a new generation of the Fusion, the company says.
That new vehicle is capable of up three times as much power as the previous generation, which means that the Ford vehicle will be much faster than the previous generations.
But because the new generation uses more advanced sensor technology, the new Fusion will not be able run as efficiently as the Fusion SE, the previous version of the Ford electric vehicle.
So Ford's current Fusion SE can only reach speeds of up for about three kilometers per hour.
And that's a pretty impressive figure, but Ford says the new Ford Fusion will be a lot faster.
So, the more advanced the sensors, the better the performance.
Ford claims that the Fusion can handle up to 3,000 miles per charge in a single charge, which is significantly more than the current Ford Fusion SE.
And in the real world, Ford says that it can handle more than 3,500 miles of charging, which would be more than twice as fast as the current Fusion.
In the next few years, Ford will also be offering more affordable electric-fueled Fusion trucks.
For now, Ford is offering a Fusion Energi, a version of its Fusion SE that has a similar battery pack.
And they will also soon be introducing an all-electric Fusion Truck, which has the same battery pack as the Energo.
But as with the Fusion Sedan, Ford won't be offering any fuel-saving upgrades for the Fusion Eners.
Instead, the Fusion SUV will be limited to 20 kWh of power for a year.
Ford's next-generation electric Fusion will also use the same technology as the upcoming Fusion SE and will be offered in both electric and plug-in hybrid versions.
The company also plans to launch the Ford Fusions in 2019.
But even with these advancements, Ford isn't ready to give up on its electric vehicles.
In 2018, the automaker announced that it had sold about 2.8 million Fusion EVs in the U.S. That number has since dropped to just over 900,000.
Ford will probably be keeping up its commitment to electric vehicles, but it's going to need to improve its fuel efficiency and power efficiency.
The biggest challenge will be getting the Fusion to travel more efficiently.
Ford is also developing a range of other autonomous technologies.
One of those is a system called "Ride Assist."
This system uses lidar sensors on a vehicle to detect objects and activate its brakes.
It will use a combination of lidar and radar to detect obstacles and then use its radar to activate its braking system.
Ford also has an "autonomous cruise control" that will also activate its cruise control.
But the company hasn't announced how the Cruise Control will be used in its Fusion.
And there's still no word on when it will arrive in the


text:
Doubly terminated quartz crystals named for Herkimer County, New York
Herkimer Diamond Quartz Crystals
"Herkimer Diamonds" is the name given to the doubly terminated quartz crystals found in Herkimer County, New York and surrounding areas. Examples of these crystals are shown in the photo at right. Note that these crystals have the typical hexagonal habit of quartz, however, instead of having a termination on one end they are doubly terminated. This is a result of the crystals growing with very little or no contact with their host rock. Such doubly terminated crystals are very rare and this is part of what makes Herkimer Diamonds so popular with mineral collectors.
The host rock for Herkimer Diamonds is the Cambrian-age, Little Falls Dolostone. The Little Falls Dolostone was deposited about 500 million years ago and the Herkimer Diamonds formed in cavities within the dolostone. These cavities are frequently lined with drusy quartz crystals and often are coated with a tarry hydrocarbon (see image below).Although Herkimer County, New York is the location for which these crystals are named, similar doubly terminated quartz crystals have been found in a few other locations, including Arizona, Afghanistan, Norway, Ukraine and China. They have the same appearance but can not rightfully be called "Herkimers". The doubly terminated quartz crystals shown in the lower right photo are from a deposit in Afghanistan.
"Herkimer Diamonds" found in Afghanistan. Similar crystals are found at several locations.
Who Discovered Herkimer Diamonds?The Herkimer Diamonds of New York are not a recent discovery. The Mohawk Indians and early settlers knew about the crystals. They found them in stream sediments and plowed fields. These people were amazed with the crystals and immediately held them in high esteem.
Herkimer Diamond MinesSome of the best places to find Herkimer Diamonds today are located along New York State Route 28 in Middleville, New York. (When visiting this area it is important to remember that all land in New York either belongs to the government or is private property. Collecting minerals from government lands is illegal in New York and collecting on private property always requires permission in advance.) There are two commercial mines on New York State Route 28 at Middleville, New York. Both allow collectors to enter and prospect for a nominal fee. Both locations also rent equipment such as hammers, wedges and other small tools. They also have small exhibit areas where you can view and/or purchase specimens.
Mining for Herkimer DiamondsThe key to finding Herkimer Diamonds is a knowledge that they occur in cavities (vugs) within the Little Falls Dolostone These cavities can be smaller than a pea or several feet across. At both of the mines listed above the Little Falls Dolostone is exposed at the surface and a significant amount of broken rock is scattered across the quarry floor.
"Find and Break" ProspectingThe easy way to prospect is to find pieces of vuggy rock and break them open with a heavy hammer. If you are lucky the rock will break to reveal one or several Herkimer Diamonds within a cavity. If your visit to the mine will last just a few hours or even a single day this is a good way to spend your time.Dolomite is a very tough rock so expect to work hard. The use of safety glasses is required and wise collectors wear gloves to protect their hands. We always wear jeans or heavy long pants and a long sleeve shirt for "find and break" prospecting. Small pieces of dolomite will sometimes fly when a rock breaks and they can easily cut or bruise a person wearing short pants. The "find and break" prospecting method described above is employed by many people who visit these mines and can lead to a few good finds. The keys to success are selection of good rocks to break and not being discouraged if you break fifty rocks without finding a crystal. (See image below to know what "vuggy rock" looks like. "Scavenger" ProspectingSome visitors to the mines have been successful by simply searching the rock rubble for exposed crystals or searching the quarry floor for loose crystals. We found several really nice crystals this way and lots of tiny ones. We have also seen children find many nice crystals this way.
"Cavity" ProspectingFor finding large quanties of crystals, the most successful mining method is to break into large cavities in the quarry walls and floors using sledge hammers and wedges (power equipment is not permitted at the mines listed in this article). This method requires tools, patience, time and a knowledge of how to break an extremely durable dolostone.
Some of Bill McIlquham's diamond prospecting tools: mainly hammers and wedges
Driving wedges into a crevice to break the dolostone: multiple wedges at several points.
If you like minerals and have an opportinity to visit the Herkimer County area of New York, consider spending a day looking for Herkimer Diamonds. Be sure to wear clothes that are suitable for working outdoors. Safety glasses are required and you will be sorry if you don't wear gloves. If you need a sledge hammer or other tools you can rent them at the mine for a very small fee.


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US: The Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) is requesting information from interested parties to inform a Concept Development Study (CDS) that will assess the current state and future direction of information standards for modelling, mapping, and managing underground infrastructure.
The CDS will define the scope of a multi-phase underground infrastructure interoperability project. The purpose of the study is to develop an in-depth understanding of all the components necessary to enable infrastructure data interoperability and standards in an underground environment.
The CDS is initially focused on the urban landscape, but is extendable. This Request for Information (RFI) is a first step in the CDS process. Any organization with an interest in underground infrastructure is invited to respond to the RFI before 15 March 2017.
Currently, the exchange of underground utility information between infrastructure organizations within the same jurisdiction or in adjacent jurisdictions has been greatly hampered by incompatible and incomplete data.
OGC anticipates that this project will make a significant contribution towards facilitating improved information management and secure sharing and collaboration, which should make infrastructure planning, operations & maintenance, and emergency response less costly and time consuming, and more effective.
The Fund for the City of New York, through its Center for Geospatial Innovation, has provided significant support for project conceptualization. The Fund will continue to provide assistance throughout the upcoming phases of this initiative.
The Singapore Land Authority (SLA) has contributed significant support to the project. SLA constantly looks for ways to optimise the use of scarce land resources. Given Singapore's limited size as a city-state, putting underground space to good use will allow us to accommodate future growth.
"Mapping, recording and understanding the infrastructure assets underground will help SLA and our partner agencies in planning and designing the use of underground space. We have embarked on the formulation of a holistic framework for managing underground geospatial information. The OGC's Concept Development Study is timely and relevant for us in the area of underground infrastructure asset data and information standards." said Liyang Lim, GeoSpatial Policy and Development Senior Manager, SLA.
"As Singapore's national geospatial agency, we have a keen interest to ensure that geospatial data, be it above ground or underground, are captured and recorded accurately and of interoperable standards so that they can be of productive use. We are collaborating with OGC to expand the horizon in various aspects of underground geospatial information standards and these insights will be useful to our work on the holistic framework of underground geospatial information management."


text:
may be found in SAM, appendix 3.
Not all subset relations are equally significant. For instance, the statement that the major chord is a subset of the 12-note set, although true, is insignificant, because all sets are subsets of the 12-note set; i.e., the statement is not discriminating. The larger the superset is, the less significant are its subsets. A 3-note subset is more significant if it is a subset of a 4-note set, than it is if it were a subset of an 9-note set. This observation leads to a method for establishing subset significance. It is suggested here that a subset whose cardinality is more than half of the superset is more significant than one that is not. In this way one may make a distinction between significant-subsets (mapping>50%) by labelling them with an S, and a less-significant subset (mapping<=50%) by labelling it with a +.
To determine if one set is contained in another place both in prime form. In some cases, the pins of the smaller set will be the same as those of the larger set and can, thus, reveal the subset relation. But, most of the time this will not be the case.
Figure the intervals between successive pins of both sets. These intervals should, as usual, be considered cyclic. If the div of the smaller set can be aligned with the larger or with successive sums of the larger, then the subset relation applies.
Two sets are in the complement relation when one contains all the pcs that are excluded from the other. For example, a C major scale excludes "black keys". The five black keys are its complement, and vice versa. Thus, a 7-note set has a 5-note complement, a 4-note set has an 8-note complement, etc., where the complement cardinalities always add up to 12.
In the table of sets, sets with complementary cardinalities and the same ordinal number are complements. But, if one has a B ending, the complement does not. Exceptions to this are indicated with a < sign in the table of sets. This sign indicates that the complement has the same name ending.
All hexachords have hexachord complements. Many are there own complements, except for the B ending. Those that are not their own complements identify their complements by the ordinal number that follows two dots in the set name. These dots also identify Z-sets, those that have the same interval vector.
Every set is in the subset relation to its complement except for the complementary couple 7-Z12/5-Z12.
The cardinality of the two sets must add up to 12. Write the pins of the complement of one of the sets and place it in prime form. If this matches the other set, the two sets are complements.
Similarity relations are used to describe the relationships between sets of the same cardinality. These are based upon pc similarity and ic similarity.
Allen Forte describes four basic types of similarity relations, which he designates Rp, Ro, R1, and R2. Rp is determined by pc similarity, and the other three are determined by ic similarity.
Rp, maximum similarity of pc, exists when the two sets of cardinality C have at least one common subset of cardinality C-1, which is the same as saying that there is one unmatched pc.
Forte remarks that Rp by itself is "not especially significant" because it is too common, and leaves it at that. By Forte's Rp criteria, for example, 014 would be just as similar to 047 (major chord) as is 037 (minor chord). And, 014 is just as similar to 037 (minor chord) as is 036 (diminished chord). This does not agree with the way these chords are commonly perceived.
For a revision of Rp that would agree more with our perceived notions of similarity, one could require that the unmatched pc pair be within a semitone of a match. This makes the criteria for maximal similarity more selective, more distinguished, and corresponding more closely to our perceived notions of similarity. This type of similarity could be designated as simply P.
Ro, called "minimum similarity", exists when two set of cardinality C have no corresponding interval vector digits in common.
R1 and R2 are known as maximum similarity of interval class. Such is the case when four out of their six iv digits are equivalent. The remaining two dissimilar digits determine the difference between R1 and R2. If these are the same numbers but switched in position, then the relation is R1. If the two dissimiar digits are simply not equivalent, even if switched, the relation is R2.
1. They must be the same cardinality C.
2. They have four out of six iv digits corresponding and parallel (same position). (R1/R2)
3. They have all but one pc correspondence. (Rp)
Maximal similarity exists when two pc sets of the same cardinality can be mapped to one another, with the exception of one pc in one of the sets. Additionally, the interval vectors of the two sets must have four out of six matches.
These may be called the X relation (Forte's R1) when the unmatched digits are switched and the O relation (Forte's R2) when they are not. (The reasons for changing Forte's symbols become apparent when a single letter is needed on a "Relations Triangle". Additionally, X and O are easier to remember, because they neatly describe their respective relations in the shape of the letters.)
Another type of maximal similarity, called simply the R relation, is more selective, and is based upon a perception model that is statistically determined. By this criteria it is assumed that the perception of the similarity of small sets is easier than is the perception of the similarity of large ones; i.e., the similarity of, say, 9-note sets would be more difficult to perceive than their complements, 3-note sets. Thus, a formula is constructed to simulate this difference in perception. To satisfy R the sets must meet the following criteria:
1. Two pc sets of the same cardinality can be mapped to one another, with the exception of one pc in one of the sets, which must be within a semitone of a match with the unmatched pc of the other set.
2. There must be a minimum of interval correspondence T, where T equals the total number of ics corresponding in the two sets. T must be equal or greater than SC/8, where S is the sum of the ics in the set cardinality (the sum of the digits in the iv), and C is the cardinality.
As an example, compare the following two sets, given in prime form with their interval vectors:
C=6, the cardinality. Comparing the primes, only one pin pair is unmatched (8 and 9), and they are a semitone apart, which satisfies condition 1. Then observing the ivs, the sum (S) of the ics in this cardinality is 15. (This is determined by adding the numbers in either iv. All sets of cardinality C will have the same S.)
To determine T: The number of ics common in each iv position is equal to the smaller number (comparing each pair of digits in the same position), and 132321 is the result. Adding these together gives T, which is 12 in this case.
The number 8 is the cardinality chosen to represent a reasonable limit to the perception of R; i.e., sets having cardinalities greater than 7 cannot have the R relation (although they may have other maximally similar relations).
Since SC/8=11.25 and T=12 is greater, the two sets of our example meet the criteria for the R relation.
Various operations are commonly performed on pc sets. These include rotations (CEG becomes EGC, GCE, ECG, etc.) and registral displacement. These operations have no effect on pc content. That is, they remain invariant under these operations.
Two operations that are commonly performed on pc sets that can alter pc content are (1) transposition and (2) inversion.
Pc sets often maintain some pc invariance after a transposition. A common example is the whole-tone scale, 02468A, or 6-35*. When this set is transposed by 2 semitones all of its pcs are held invariant. This would, of course, have important compositional consequences. It would be important, then, to know when pcs are held invariant under the operation of transposition. We can determine this by examining the iv of a pc set. 6-35* has an iv of 060603. The number that appears in each position indicates the number of pcs held invariant when transposed by its respective ic. Thus, the 6 that appears in ic position 2 reveals that when this set is transposed by 2 semitones (t2), 6 pcs (all) are held invariant. Since this is an ic transposition it may be either up or down, i.e., t2 or t10. A zero in the first position reveals that when this set is transposed by 1 semitone no pcs are held constant (also true for t11). The same is true of t3 and t9. There is a 6 in the ic4 position, meaning that at t4 or t8, 6 pcs (all) are again held constant. The 3 in the ic6 position, however, may seem puzzling at first. But, recall that 6 is its own inversion; therefore, the number of invariant pcs is double the number in the ic6 position


What is an example of verbal irony?
1 Answer
Mar 28, 2018
See below
Verbal irony is when you say something but you meant the opposite.
For example: The brawny cookie is as soft as concrete.
What I really want to tell the person is that the brawny cookie is not soft to eat :) (Trust me, we have these kind of cookies in my school.)
I hope this example give you some ideas :)


Hi i have a problem with quadratic splnes, i am supposed to find S_1 and S_2 that interpolates the following points S(-1)=0 S(0)=1 S(1)=2, and at the same time we want to find S such that \int_{-1}^1 \! (S(x))^2 \, \mathrm{d}x. is minimal. The answer is on the form
S_1(x)=a_1 x^2 +b_1x +c_1 on [-1,0] and

S_2(x)=a_2x^2 +b_2x +c_2 on [-1,0]
my answer:
I use the data points and find that a1=-a2, b1=b2 and c1=c2=1, but I have no idea how to use minimize
\int_{-1}^1 \! (S(x))^2 \, \mathrm{d}x.
, can i divide it up?
min\int_{-1}^1 \! (S(x))^2 \, \mathrm{d}x.=min (\int_{-1}^0 \! (S_1(x))^2 \, \mathrm{d}x. +\int_{0}^1 \! (S_2(x))^2 \, \mathrm{d}x. )?
I know i should get an expression and probably set the derivative to zero but i just dont know how to attack the minimizing itegral since the functions has two parts. Help greatly appreciated.


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Google is offering advice to its users on implementing a search-friendly version of infinite scroll. In a recent post on the Webmaster Central Blog, Google recommends that the infinite scroll can be made search friendly by converting it to paginated series.
According to the post, the problem with infinite scroll is that the search engine spiders cannot surpass manual user behavior like scrolling to the bottom of the page or clicking to load the next page. This means that the spiders can't access all the content. As such, there are rare chances of the content appearing in the search results.
The infinite scroll with pagination demo, created by Webmaster Trends Analyst, John Mueller, indicates that when infinite scroll is coincided with paginated series, then all the individual items are accessible and there is no duplication of the items.
Other recommendations for infinite scroll:
Google has further added some points in the search friendly recommendations for infinite scroll pages:
- Determine how much content to include on each page. Be sure that if a searcher came directly to the page, they could easily find the exact item they wanted.
- Each component page should contain a full URL and have a reasonable page load time.
- Create parameters that can surface valuable content to searchers and make sure that the URL shows the same content two weeks later.
- Configure pagination with each component page containing rel=next and rel=prev values in the .
- Implement push state for any user action that resembles a click or actively turning a page.
- Check that page values adjust as the user scrolls up or down and verify that pages that are out-of-bounds in the series return a 404 response.


text:
Your personal trainer
ExactSpent will help you to identify how many words you translate, write, or edit
in a minute. Look through yesterday's results and break your record today.
It's easy to identify how much to charge for a particular job since ExactSpent knows how much time you have spent on any single task.
Open ExactSpent right from TO3000
Open the job you work on in TO3000, click the ExactSpent button to open it right from TO3000, and start to count time.
Import your time results into TO3000 to calculate the total value of the work.


Tuesday Jan 29, 2013
Defining Essbase Security using Metaread Filter
Defining security in multidimensional databases like Essbase is a subject that some administrators would rather prefer to get around. Anyway it's no rocket science and follows a clear logic, how read, write or no access should be applied to applications, databases or numbers in the database, by using filters, in order to achieve the respective settings for making data available to users – or even not available. But there is another, fourth setting available in Essbase filters, which some administrators are not yet aware of, or at least not aware of how to apply it correctly: the so called Metaread access setting. So let's have a look at this very useful option and shed some light on its efficient use.
Not only giving or denying access to the data and figures in an Essbase database is frequently required, but also in some cases blocking the user's ability to see members and hierarchy, in other words parts of the metadata. This is what the Metaread filter addresses. But Metaread in various ways is different from the other three filter options, None, Read and Write. First of all, as it does not apply to the data/numbers in the database like all the others, but to metadata, where it limits visibility of members and parts of the hierarchy. Also it doesn't know an AND logic, but only OR. And finally it overrides definitions made with Read or Write in the way, that even granted Read or Write data access on given members or member combinations cannot be executed, when Metaread definitions exclude these members from being seen at all by the user.
So how does it work in detail: Usually users can display all metadata, meaning they can see all members in the hierarchy, even if no Read or Write data access is given to them on these members. Metaread now adds another layer to existing filter definitions and enforces them by removing certain members or branches from the user's view. It only allows users to see the explicitly defined members and their ancestors in the hierarchy, where for the ancestors only the hierarchy/member names are visible, while for the declared members always at least read access for the respective data is granted. In the case that data Write access would be given at the same time for the members defined in Metaread, this access would be maintained as Write and not reduced to read-only. Siblings of the defined Metaread members are not visible at all. This is illustrated in the example below.
essbase screenshot
For all other cells not being specified in the Metaread filter, unless not defined differently in another filter, the minimum database access applies, first the one defined at the user access level, or with second priority the setting from the global database access level, like this would be also the case with the common filter definitions.
Of course, also for Metaread, overlapping definitions might occur, but here we have to watch out as they are again treated in a different way, like the following example referring to the hierarchy seen above shows:
essbase screenshot
This definition, unlike for None, Read or Write, would not grant data access to California and West. Instead it would allow data access only to California, but not to its parent West, for which only the hierarchy would be shown. In order to avoid these conflicting settings for Metaread, it is recommended to define all members from the same dimension in one single filter row, hence the correct way to define data access on both members would be:
essbase screenshot
So as you can see, Metaread is a bit special, but not that complicated to use. And it adds another helpful option to the common None, Read and Write settings in Essbase security filters.
Want to learn more?
Please drop me a note directly if you have any questions: _EMAIL_.
About the Author:
Angela Chandler
« November 2015


text:
Welcome to the The Associated Colleges of the South events calendar.
- This event has passed.
ACS Early Career Faculty Seminar
March 11, 2021 @ 5:00 pm – 6:00 pm EST
Making Connections: Early Development of Neural Circuits for Breathing in Larval Zebrafish
Dr. Kimberly McArthur, Southwestern University
View the recording of the event below.
The hindbrain generates many coordinated, rhythmic behaviors (like feeding and breathing) that are critical for an animal's survival. How do the neural circuits that generate these behaviors develop and refine themselves over time? In this talk, you will learn how experiments in larval zebrafish are helping us understand the early development of these neural circuits — with important implications for our understanding of human brain development.


text:
Astronomy - Why Marathons' Skies Are So Special!
Marathon is a Scale 1 on the Bortle Light Pollution Scale. What does that mean? It's dark! As a matter of fact, as dark as it gets without going to space!
Bortle Scale 1 properties:
Title:Excellent dark-sky site
Naked-eye limiting magnitude:7.6 - 8.0
Stellar limiting magnitude (with 12.5" reflector):17.5
- the Zodiacal light (sunlight reflecting off space dust and comet debris after sunset) is visible
- the gegenschein is visible
- the zodiacal band is visible
- M33 is a direct vision naked-eye object
- Scorpius and Sagittarius regions of the Milky Way cast obvious shadows on the ground
- airglow is readily visible
- Jupiter and Venus affect dark adaptation
- surroundings are basically invisible.
Southwest Texas Light Pollution Map:
NOAA Water Vapor (Updated every 30 minutes) - Courtesy of NOAA.GOV:
Marathon Clear Sky Chart:
Current Weather in Marathon, Texas


text:
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 0-9
What is a quantum microphone? A quantum microphone detects sound at the quantum mechanics level. Quantum mics do so with a single-electron transistor (SET). A sound wave, known as surface acoustic waves, oscillate atoms underneath the quantum mic on a chip surface, which allows the SET to detect very low-level sound vibrations.


text:
Speedball - Day 6 - Skills Assessment
Speedball - Lesson 6 is about the assessment of skills learned by the class. They will be assessed on their performance of passing touchdowns, field goals, and drop kicks. Then the class will be divided into teams and demonstrate their learned skills in a game setting. There are five other lessons in this unit.


text:
XmStringNCopy - A compound string function that creates a
copy of a compound string
XmString XmStringNCopy (s1, num_bytes)
XmStringNCopy creates a copy of s1 that contains a specified
number of bytes, including tags, directional indicators,
and separators. It then returns the resulting compound
string. The original strings are preserved. The
space for the resulting compound string is allocated
within the function. The application is responsible for
managing the allocated space. The memory can be recovered
by calling XmStringFree.
Specifies the compound string. Specifies the number of
bytes of s1 to copy. If this value is less than the length
of s1, as many bytes as possible, but possibly fewer than
this value, will be appended to s1 such that the resulting
string is still a valid compound string.
Returns a new compound string.
[ Back ]


text:
This section of the Dairy Science and Food Technology website provides an outline of how the commercial 'cheese yield problem' outlined earlier might be approached and how yield and cheese component retention can be analysed and presented. This is achieved using a unique on-line calculator that is shown in the cheese yield spreadsheet.
Data from 5 vats of commercial Cheddar production are summarised in the cheese yield spreadsheet. The data set are different to the problem given previously. The cheese and milk data were obtained from one day's production. The casein:fat ratio of milk in each vat has been calculated and for information casein as a percentage of protein has been presented.
If you want to analyse your own data simply replace the data in the editable cells in the calculator below and press the submit button. The calculator will then give basic statistical information along with the results of the theoretical yield and cheese component-retention calculations.
Go to cheese yield spreadsheet.
Actual yield data have been presented and for comparison, theoretical yield has been predicted using the Van Slyke yield equation. There is a less well known variant of the Van Slyke equation that does not require cheese moisture but does assume a target moisture content. This is arguably more useful in cheese plants and has been included to enable predicted values to be compared with actual and traditional Van Slyke yields.
Fat, casein and protein retentions are potentially very useful indicators of process efficiency and have been calculated also. Bench mark values have been provided in the answers to cheese science and technology self assessment questions.
Some basic statistics, mean, standard deviation and coefficient of variation have been presented.
Readers can also input their own data and use this basic data analysis and presentation package to analyse and present their data.
Main findings from the data presented
Firstly the data set is very small! Meaningful commercial analysis would require a much larger sample size. However, the use of mean values combined with the standard deviation and the coefficient of variation can provide some basic insights into errors.
Note the differences in CV between the protein, fat and casein values in milk and the values for cheese. While the CV values for casein and fat in the cheese milk probably reflect what might be achieved in many factories it would be helpful to have lower values particularly when working with small numbers of samples.
The casein:fat ratio is less than optimal. Protein and consequently casein levels are low and would be expected to give 'low' but predictably low cheese yields.
Cheese moisture values are on the low side. There is an indication, but the sample size is very small, that there is some variation in moisture values between vats.
Cheese yields are low due to the low casein levels in the milk and low moistures in the cheese. Adjustment of yields to 37% moistures shows the increase in yield that would be possible if the casein:fat ratio and cheese making operations were optimal. This again must be qualified by the small sample size.
With this data set the Van Slyke equation underestimates and the modified equation over estimates yield. The sample size is too small to make more definitive comments except to say that actual yield is broadly in line with theoretical yield.
This view is partly strengthened by looking at the mean values for casein, fat and protein retention. Again it is necessary to qualify comments based on the small sample size. Protein retention is a little higher than expected and fat retention is close to the theoretical maximum.
Action that is required
Milk composition must be standardised to obtain optimal casein:fat ratios for Cheddar cheese making.
An improved protocol for sampling cheese milk for protein, fat and casein analysis is required.
Compositional quality of the milk for cheese manufacture should be improved.
Further work on cheese moisture is required. This should also look at salt levels in the cheese and will involve looking closely at the process e.g. process control and the equipment e.g. cheese knives. See the section on mellowing.
How to cite this article
Mullan, W.M.A. (2007).
[On-line]. Available from: _URL_ Accessed: 23 May, 2013.


text:
The Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry ("Ministry") published the Communiqué No. 2019/48 on Professionals That Must Be Employed at Food and Feed Premises ("Communiqué") in the Official Gazette on December 6, 2019. The Communiqué sets forth the relevant food and feed premises, as well as the professions of the personnel that the premises must employ depending on the type and nature of the commercial activity carried out.
Pursuant to Article 22 of the Law No. 5996 on Veterinary Services, Plant Health, Food and Feed ("Law"), depending on the type and nature of the commercial activity, certain food and feed premises must employ at least one personnel holding a degree relevant to the activities of the premises. The Law authorizes the Ministry to amend the food and feed premises and personnel professions list based on scientific facts and current conditions.
Accordingly, the Communiqué updates the list of relevant food and feed premises, and expanded the scope of the personnel list. Food technologists and bioengineers are added to the list of personnel that certain food and feed premises must employ.
The food and food premises and personnel list is available here (in Turkish).
The Ministry continues to take active steps to ensure food and feed safety. In this respect, all food and feed premises should regularly follow the Ministry's announcements, carefully review the food and feed premises and personnel lists under the Communiqué and evaluate their business activities accordingly to ensure compliance.


text:
If you're looking for family-friendly fun in the Dominican Republic, head to Manatí Park for a 2-hour tour of animal exhibits with an informative guide. This theme park includes a selection of animal shows and cultural performances throughout the day. Be entertained by sea lions, dolphins and parrots, and watch Taino dancers and artisans recreate the life of their indigenous ancestors.
Once you're picked up from your hotel in Punta Cana and arrive at Manatí Park, your knowledgeable guide leads you on a 2-hour tour of the landscaped theme park. You'll be introduced to native fauna including orchids and other tropical plants.
Stop by animal exhibits featuring fauna of the Dominican Republic such as caimans, iguanas, tropical birds, flamingos and snakes, and learn about their behaviors from the keepers. You can opt to see several animal shows scheduled throughout the day.
Watch dolphins follow the commands of their trainer, see horses perform equestrian tricks and be amused by the antics of comical parrots. Immerse yourself in the indigenous culture of the Dominican Republic at the Taino Village.
Observe the choreographed steps of Taino dances that showcase their rituals and folklore, and see craftspeople fashioning the art of their ancestors—with paintings, statues and traditional clothing on display at the museum.


text:
White flour is made up mostly of starch. If you have read the article How Food Works, you know that starch is a carbohydrate, meaning that it is made of sugar molecules chained together. Anyone who has ever lit a marshmallow on fire knows that sugar burns easily. So does flour.
Flour and many other carbohydrates become explosive when they are hanging in the air as dust. It only takes 1 or 2 grams of dust per cubic foot of air (50 or so grams per cubic meter) for the mixture to be ignitable. Flour grains are so tiny that they burn instantly. When one grain burns, it lights other grains near it, and the flame front can flash through a dust cloud with explosive force. Just about any carbohydrate dust, including sugar, pudding mix, fine sawdust, etc., will explode once ignited.
When you hear about an explosion in a grain elevator on the news, this is what has occurred. A spark or a source of heat ignited the dust in the air and it exploded.


The Story of a Brief Marriage: A Novel Quiz
Anuk Arudpragasam
Take our free The Story of a Brief Marriage quiz below, with 25 multiple choice questions that help you test your knowledge. Determine which chapters, themes and styles you already know and what you need to study for your upcoming essay, midterm, or final exam. Take the free quiz now!
Directions: Click on the correct answer.
Questions 1-5 of 26:
What was Dinesh's favorite subject in school? (from Chapter 3)
What does Dinesh begin to do at the end of Chapter 6? (from Chapter 6)
Why did Dinesh's father beat him as a child? (from Chapter 5)
What makes the sound that Dinesh and Ganga hear in the jungle? (from Chapter 7)
Where does Mr. Somasundaram say he is going when he leaves Dinesh and Ganga in Chapter 3? (from Chapter 3)
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