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Maximum length of an antichain
Problem 386
Published on Sunday, 27th May 2012, 08:00 am; Solved by 392
Let n be an integer and S(n) be the set of factors of n.
A subset A of S(n) is called an antichain of S(n) if A contains only one element or if none of the elements of A divides any of the other elements of A.
For example: S(30) = {1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 10, 15, 30}
{2, 5, 6} is not an antichain of S(30).
{2, 3, 5} is an antichain of S(30).
Let N(n) be the maximum length of an antichain of S(n).
Find ΣN(n) for 1 ≤ n ≤ 108


Version: 2021.3
Language : English
Introduction to UXML
Reuse UXML files
Add styles to UXML
In UI(User Interface) Allows a user to interact with your application. Unity currently supports three UI systems. More info
See in Glossary
Toolkit, you can use USS to customize the appearance of visual elementsA node of a visual tree that instantiates or derives from the C# VisualElement class. You can style the look, define the behaviour, and display it on screen as part of the UI. More info
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. The suggested workflow for USS is that you visually style an element in UI Builder, extract the style to a USS file, and then reference it in UXML.
If you style an element in UI Builder, the style is added as an inline style to the style attribute of UXML elements:
<ui:UXML ...>
 <ui:VisualElement style="width: 200px; height: 200px; background-color: red;" />
</ui:UXML>
To reference a stylesheet file, add the <Style> element under the root element of a UXML file.
For example, if you have a USS file named styles.uss in the same folder of the UXML file with the following content:
#root {
 width: 200px;
 height: 200px;
 background-color: red;
}
You can reference it like this:
<ui:UXML ...>
 <Style src="styles.uss" />
 <ui:VisualElement name="root" />
</ui:UXML>
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text:
Why is the operative word in toilet seat arguments
As we've all become aware in the last year hygiene is the foundation of health.
Toilet hygiene has become a focus in the home and at work. The simple toilet seat has been focused on as never before.
Arguments over the toilet seat revolve around:
why can't I leave the toilet seat up
why should I put the toilet seat down
why do I need to close the toilet seat
why do toilet seats have a lid
The answer to all these "whys" is because of basic personal hygiene and overall community hygiene.
Harpic photos reveal the danger of not closing the toilet seat lid before flushing
Over the years, I've been asked countless times why do toilet seats have lids. Generally, my answers have centred around because it's called into law in the Plumbing and Drainage Act, which satisfied most people.
However, now I can finally answer all the questions about toilet lids.
I can better answer that perennial question of why you should always close the toilet seat lid before flushing.
The answer is simple. The lid is there for good hygiene to protect your health and community health.
I can answer these questions thanks to Harpic the #1 selling toilet cleaner in Australia and forty other countries worldwide.
Harpic commissioned a study to illustrate the dangers we all face by not closing the toilet seat when we flush. Harpic used sophisticated high-speed specialist camera technology to capture a fireworks display of thousands of tiny aerosol droplets being catapulted into the bathroom, contaminating all surfaces up to two meters away. Not only did the droplets spread over a wide area of the bathroom, but they also stayed airborne for up to a minute as they are tiny.
The photos above and below illustrate these fireworks displays graphically illustrating how far into the air a flushing toilet catapults these aerosol droplets.
Flushed toilet water aerosol droplets can contain bacteria & viruses
These photos are of a single toilet flush. Imagine what your towels, facecloths, laundry, makeup and toothbrush look like after multiple toilet flushes with the seat up.
Water in a toilet bowl that has been exposed to harmful pathogens will remain contaminated despite clean water being flushed into the toilet pan multiple times. The contaminated aerosol droplets and particles are very fine and are more than capable of reaching your lower respiratory tract. This potentially can create infections.
If you touch any surface in your bathroom contaminated by the toilet bowl flushing of aerosol droplets you can risk infections if you have cuts or touch your mouth or nose.
Would you clean your teeth with a toothbrush sprayed with flushed toilet water?
Let's face it. None of us would knowingly clean our teeth with a toothbrush that has been sprayed with contaminated toilet water. But the reality is over 50% of the population never close the toilet lid before flushing.
Unhygienic bathrooms really are dangerous
As a spokesman for Harpic stated after their research was made public, "There has never been a more important time to take extra care around our homes. Although the risks associated with germ spread in unhygienic bathrooms are high, the solution to keeping them clean is simple. We hope our new _TAG_ campaign helps inspire people to make simple changes to their cleaning routine that can have long-lasting benefits to the health of the nation."
The Harpic survey of 2000 respondents was undertaken in the UK, but I guarantee the results would apply equally to Australia.
When asked why they did not close the toilet seat lid when flushing the toilet were:
- 47% said they were unaware of the danger in not closing the lid
- 24% said they were afraid to touch the toilet seat lid
- 15% said they forgot to close the toilet seat lid
Three simple solutions to bathroom hygiene
COVID-19 has been a huge motivation to increase bathroom hygiene with Harpic, suggesting the three steps below are a simple common sense approach for a more hygienic bathroom.
Always close the toilet seat lid when flushing the toilet to prevent germs that potentially contain bacteria and viruses spreading over your bathroom.
Ensure you clean your toilet bowl, toilet seat and cistern with a toilet cleaner that removes limescale, providing a home to germs and disinfecting the toilet to guarantee ultimate hygiene.
Always wear gloves when cleaning the toilet and wash your hands afterwards.
It's simple just close the toilet seat lid every time you flush
Closing the toilet seat lid is simple hygiene that helps eliminate the potential spread of COVID-19, which we know is found in human waste.
Just remember when you flush with the toilet seat lid up the contaminated aerosol droplets spread up to two meters in all directions spraying you with the droplets as you redress for up to 35 seconds.
Teach your children always to shut the toilet seat for their health: your health and the health of the entire community.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Solvable group
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{group, member, jewish}
In mathematics, more specifically in the field of group theory, a solvable group (or soluble group) is a group that can be constructed from abelian groups using extensions. That is, a solvable group is a group whose derived series terminates in the trivial subgroup.
Historically, the word "solvable" arose from Galois theory and the proof of the general unsolvability of quintic equation. Specifically, a polynomial equation is solvable by radicals if and only if the corresponding Galois group is solvable.
Contents
Definition
A group G is called solvable if it has a subnormal series whose factor groups are all abelian, that is, if there are subgroups \{1\}=G_0\leq G_1\leq\cdots\leq G_k=G such that Gj − 1 is normal in Gj, and Gj / Gj − 1 is an abelian group, for j=1,2,\dots,k.
Or equivalently, if its derived series, the descending normal series
where every subgroup is the commutator subgroup of the previous one, eventually reaches the trivial subgroup {1} of G. These two definitions are equivalent, since for every group H and every normal subgroup N of H, the quotient H/N is abelian if and only if N includes H(1). The least n such that G(n) = {1} is called the derived length of the solvable group G.
For finite groups, an equivalent definition is that a solvable group is a group with a composition series all of whose factors are cyclic groups of prime order. This is equivalent because a finite abelian group has finite composition length, and every finite simple abelian group is cyclic of prime order. The Jordan–Hölder theorem guarantees that if one composition series has this property, then all composition series will have this property as well. For the Galois group of a polynomial, these cyclic groups correspond to nth roots (radicals) over some field. The equivalence does not necessarily hold for infinite groups: for example, since every nontrivial subgroup of the group Z of integers under addition is isomorphic to Z itself, it has no composition series, but the normal series {0,Z}, with its only factor group isomorphic to Z, proves that it is in fact solvable.
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text:
The violence risk appraisal guide (VRAG) is an actuarial instrument that assesses the risk of further violence among men or women who have already committed criminal violence. On average, it has yielded a large effect in the prediction of violent recidivism in more than three dozen separate replications, including several different countries, a wide range of follow-up times, several operational definitions of violence, and many offender populations. It is the most empirically supported actuarial method for the assessment of violence risk in forensic populations.
The VRAG is a 12-item actuarial instrument that assesses the risk of violent recidivism among men apprehended for criminal violence. It was developed on 618 male violent offenders assessed pretrial in a secure psychiatric hospital; about half of them returned later for treatment, whereas the others were imprisoned. Most of the approximately 50 variables considered for the VRAG had predicted criminal or violent recidivism in previous research, and a few were nominated by clinicians. All variables were scored from institutional records by researchers blind to outcomes and were from four domains: childhood history, adult adjustment, referral offense details and circumstances, and assessment results. The outcome was whether, according to criminal records, there was a criminal charge for subsequent violence in an average of 7 years' access to the community; 31% of the offenders met this recidivism criterion.
Many candidate variables predicted recidivism, but multiple regression selected the best combination for the VRAG. Several steps maximized the likelihood that the VRAG's predictive validity would replicate— requiring that each item uniquely predict violence, ensuring the inclusion of items from all four domains, and requiring that items predict recidivism in each of several subsamples (randomly selected halves, treated and imprisoned subjects) plus the entire sample. Item weights were based on the bivariate relationship between each item and recidivism. The VRAG items in descending order of the weights are the Hare Psychopathy Checklist-Revised, elementary school maladjustment, a diagnosis of personality disorder, age (negatively related), having been separated from one or both parents prior to 16 years of age, failure on a prior conditional release, nonviolent offense history, never having married, a diagnosis of schizophrenia (negatively related), victim injury in the referral offense (negatively related), alcohol abuse, and not having a female victim in the referral offense. The VRAG can be used when as many as 4 items are missing and scored by prorating.
The VRAG predicted violent recidivism in the development sample with a high degree of accuracy— the area under the relative operating characteristic (ROC) was.76. (The ROC area is a measure of effect size equivalent to the common language effect size— the probability with which a randomly chosen violent recidivist will have a higher score than a randomly chosen nonrecidivist.)
The original sample (plus additional men who had not been released at the time) was followed again at 10 years' average opportunity. The violent recidivism rate was.43 and the ROC area.74. There have been more than 36 replications with non-overlapping samples, and the VRAG's average ROC area is.72—a large effect by conventional standards. Under optimal conditions (high reliability; not dropping, replacing, or modifying items; fixed and equal follow-up durations), the VRAG yields ROC areas of approximately.85. The VRAG has been shown to generalize across outcomes (number of violent re-offenses, institutional violence, very serious violence, self-reported violence, general recidivism, overall severity of violent recidivism, rapidity of violent failure), follow-up times (12 weeks to 10 years); countries (seven in North America and Europe), and offender populations (mentally disordered offenders, sexual aggressors, violent felons, developmentally delayed sex offenders, emergency psychiatric patients, wife assaulters, and juvenile offenders). Some data suggest the VRAG predicts violence among women, but there are few studies on this.
The VRAG scores range from -26 to +38; the mean in the development sample was 0.91 (SD = 12.9), and the standard error of measurement was 4.1. Each score has been associated with one of nine categories, each with a known likelihood of violent recidivism in 7 years and increasing linearly from 0% in the lowest category to 100% in the highest. There are also norms for 10 years of opportunity. Each VRAG score is associated with a particular percentile so that the violence risk of an individual assessee is evaluated according to his or her standing relative to a large sample of violent offenders. Replications of the VRAG have generally reported that the obtained rates of violent recidivism matched the predicted likelihoods for each category. If the average score of the sample is similar, the follow-up duration is approximately the same as for the norms, and the outcome is operationalized similarly.
The recommended basis for scoring the VRAG for research and individual assessment is a comprehensive psychosocial history addressing childhood conduct, family background, antisocial and criminal behavior, psychological problems, and details of offenses. Adequate psychosocial histories include more than past and present psychiatric symptoms and rely on collateral information (i.e., material gathered from friends, family, schools, correctional facilities, the police, and the courts). Scoring the VRAG is not a clinical task in its typical sense because it does not require contact between the assessor and the person being assessed. Nevertheless, compiling the required psychosocial history clearly is a clinical task, and expertise is required to score VRAG items from psychosocial histories.
The VRAG scores are static inasmuch as they do not change with time or treatment (although they might change when rescored after offenders commit further violent offenses). Current research is aimed at identifying which changes in personal characteristics or circumstances make a valid additional contribution to the assessment of violence risk based on static variables. At this point, however, no such "dynamic" variables have been identified in assessing which offenders are at risk of committing violence. There is some evidence that they might aid in predicting when violence is imminent. In concurrent testing, actuarial tools such as the VRAG have consistently outperformed structured and unstructured clinical judgment. Although requiring resources and expertise, the VRAG is the most accurate and empirically supported actuarial method for assessing the risk of violent recidivism in forensic populations.
- Harris, G. T., Rice, M. E., & Quinsey, V. L. (1993). Violent recidivism of mentally disordered offenders: The development of a statistical prediction instrument. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 20, 315-335.
- Quinsey, V. L., Harris, G. T., Rice, M. E., & Cormier, C. A. (2006). Violent offenders: Appraising and managing risk (2nd ed). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
- Rice, M. E., & Harris, G. T. (1995). Violent recidivism: Assessing predictive validity. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 63, 737-748.


text:
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text:
Meaning : Former Name Of Iran, Former name of Iran,
Origin : Arabic,
If you have information about this name, share it in the comments area below!
Numerology information Persia:
Name Number: 5 Meaning: Motion, Change, Freedom, Diversity, Liberty, Choice, Interest, Search, Risk, Danger, Fear
Additional information Persia:
Biblical Meaning: The name Persia is a Biblical baby name. In Biblical the meaning of the name Persia is: That cuts or divides, a nail, a gryphon, a horseman.
Definition funny of Persia:
the most civilized and powerful empire until even after the romans fell. in 559 BC, the persian king Cyrus the great defeated the Mades controlling what is now iran, iraq, and some other countries. Cyrus set out to create a powerful empire. in fact, he created THE FIRST EMPIRE. the word "Persia" comes from the greek word "persis" which means empire. the relative strength of the persian empire at the height of its power was like the relative strength of modern day, china, india, russia, EU, US and japan put together. the persians were the first people in history to give men and women equal rights, abolish slavery and write the very first human and animal bill of rights. they also built in 400s BC the very first stadium, the apadana in persepolis (later burnt down by alexander). the apadana was able to seat 15 (yes, fifteen thousand) people in it, with space left for a grand ceremony. this massive bulding was roofed. unlike the collosium. the arcitectural and worth of this single building, if it lived through the fire alexander put it through, would have dwarfed the city of rome. The persian empire was a god compared to rome. when rome attacked persia (battle of carhae) with 44 thousand soldiers, a 10 thousand man army from the persian empire crushed the romans, and sent tehir general's head back to rome. people commonly mistake persians for arabs, this is a fatal mistake, persians are aryans like the germans. they migrated from southern russia. NEVER CALL A PERSIAN AN ARAB! THEY WILL SNAP, THEY MIGHT DO SOMETHING DANGEROUS TO YOUR HEALTH AND/OR REPUTATION! the persian empire at the height of its power ruled from eastern india, to southern russia, to egypt, to thrace and the persian gulf. they ruled over 80% of the civilized world. the end of persian supremacy: after the arab invasion of persia, their culture was weakened by islam. the islamic hordes burnt all books in the persia libraries, destroying the knowledge that took europe 1000 years to re-invent. even after the arab invasion, persia still held a powerful seat in international sayings. Nader (Na-dde-r) shah of persia, restored the persian glory around the 1600s. modern persia: until 1935, persia was the actuall name, after than, reza shah changed that to "iran" which was the original name the mades and other aryan tribes gave it. the word "iran" literally means "land of the aryans". in 1953, a coup organized by the CIA to bring down iran's first democrtically elected official (mossadeq) because he nationalized the oil industry. they then installed the dictatoric mohamad reza shah, who was a puppet of the americans. he was overthrown in 1979 after the islamic revolution. which produced a more democratic government compared to the Shah's, but not quite democratic enough. in 1980, iraq invaded iran. possibly a work of the CIA, or the americans, in payback for the iranian's hostage crisis (that was nothing compared to what the US did later to iran). iran fought iraq bravely for 8 years, contributed some 1 million casualties, and pushed iraq back. at this time, iran had no weapons program. iraq was aided by the west with sattelite pictures, and chemical and biological weapons, which they launched into iranian cities. after the war was over, at around 1995, iran started to produce its own fighter jet, and tank. they recently developed their medium range missile. they are now working on their controversial nuclear energy program, which the US labels as a plot to develop nuclear weapons. Conclusion: the persian empire was the longest lasting power on earth. it lasted for about 1500 years as a world power. 1200 of those, it was THE world power. if it were up to me, the only nation truely deserving of being called an empire was the persian empire. iran is doing much better than all other islamic countries at the moment. it holds 17% of all of the world's resources. it has what it takes to become an empire again, but unfortunatly, the current world power, and the current government make that impossible. you generally dont learn about the persian empire in schools in the US, canada, mexico, and most of europe, simply because of politics. to give you an image of what they are not teaching you, consider this: you were never taught about rome, wwi, wwii, the cold war and the american colonies. all those put together come close to the magnitude of the importance of the persian empire in shaping the world as we see it today.
the persian empire conquered 80% of the civilized world, and managed to keep its borders intact for 1500 years.
Greek name of the empire of ruled by the Indo-European peoples of the Iranian plateau during the Achaemenid dynasty. The name got carried over by Europeans for more than two millennia. In actuality the inhabitants of "Persia" for millennia have called it Iran, meaning "land of the Aryans". "Persians", Iranians, were responsible for some of the greatest contributions to the modern world. Some examples are the concepts of universal human rights under Cyrus, or Kourosh, the Great, the development of the first postal system, intercontinental road system known as the "Royal Road", modern algebra, medical procedures and analysis of disease, and overall the first empire to form a multicultural basis and the concepts of "states" which have formed the basis of organization that nearly all modern countries follow to this day.
Persians have formed some of the most fundamental concepts in Math, Biology, Chemistry, governmental organization, and modern human rights.
The BEST country in the WORLD with the most attractive people which unfortunately got screwed by a couple of turban-wearing cockroaches with lice crawling beards.
Persia is also known as Iran but call it Persia anyway.
Where all your dreams come true! Actually, Both a country (Iran) and once an empire (sassanid, selucid, and just plain Persian.) Birthplace of Zoroastrianism, and the coolest person in C3C, XERXES I!
Expression information Persia:
People with this name are excited by change, adventure, and excitement. They are dynamic, visionary and versatile, able to make constructive use of freedom. They fight being restricted by rules and conventions. They tend to be optomistic, energetic, intelligent, and to make friends easily. They may be changeable, restless, untidy, and rebellious.
Soul information Persia:
People with this name have a deep inner desire for a stable, loving family or community, and a need to work with others and to be appreciated.
Songs about Persia:
Raupach: Siroe, re di Persia - "O placido il mare" by Cecilia Bartoli from the Album St. Petersburg [+digital booklet]
The Prince Of Persia by Harry Gregson-Williams from the Album Prince Of Persia: The Sands Of Time
Prince of Persia (From "Prince of Persia") by The Hollywood LA Soundtrack Orchestra from the Album Moviehits
Gypsy from Persia(Persion Violin Dance) by Mosavo from the Album Desert Pasage
Chopin in Persia by Maria Pomianowska & Friends from the Album Oriental Garden Vol. 8
Prince of Persia: The Sands of Time (Main Theme) by Movie Sounds Unlimited from the Album Fantasy Movie & TV Themes
Bach's Persia by David Darling from the Album Open Window
Books about Persia:
To Persia, With Love by Doreen Corley and Lauren Wiest (Feb 26, 2014)
Persia and the Bible by Edwin M. Yamauchi and Donald Wiseman (Feb 12, 1997)
Persia the Hooker (Crack House Stories Book 1) by Nolan Smith (Jul 1, 2014)
Persia: The Final Jihad by Mike Evans (2013)
The Seven Great Monarchies Of The Ancient Eastern World, Vol 5: Persia The History, Geography, And Antiquities... by George Rawlinson (Mar 24, 2011)
Prince Atif the greatest prince of persia by charlie james jr (Oct 17, 2014)
Ancient Persia: A Concise History of the Achaemenid Empire, 550-330 BCE by Matt Waters (Jan 20, 2014)
Movies about Persia:
Prince Of Persia: The Sands Of Time 2011 PG-


text:
A plan to analyze the DNA of incoming students at the University of California, Berkeley and give them personalized results was recently scaled back amid concerns that such research amounts to a medical diagnosis -- a violation of state and federal laws.
The university has already sent more than 5,000 genetic testing kits to incoming students for the voluntary, anonymous program, which involves testing three common gene variants that would "reveal aspects of how an individual metabolizes milk, alcohol and vitamin B9 [folic acid]." About 600 students consented to the test and provided their saliva samples, according to the university, which contests the state's position that the program violates any statutes.
"The change to UC Berkeley's program was necessitated because the California Department of Public Health [CDPH] insisted that since students would have been given access to their own test results, the academic exercise was not exempt from laws designed to assure the accuracy and quality of diagnostic tests used in providing medical care to patients," a university press release stated.
In a statement from CDPH Policy and Programs Chief Deputy Director Kevin Reilly, he contends that human medical tests must be performed in licensed laboratories if the results are to be released to the person. A UC Berkeley campus laboratory that routinely conducts genotyping was chosen to perform the DNA tests, which is exempt from such rules under California law, the university claims.
The CDPH disagrees. "Research laboratories that do research testing only and do not report individual results are exempted from this license requirement," Reilly said in the prepared statement.
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source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
The construction sector in developing countries has propelled economic growth in the most recent period, yet analysis of growth performance has failed to take this into account. This article is a comparative analysis of the relationship between the construction sector and aggregate output for a panel of sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries using a panel generalized methods of moments (GMM). After accounting for the effects of institutional set up, cross sectional heterogeneity and non-linearity, our results revealed that the construction sector affects growth positively and most importantly, developing the right institutions could further enhance this impact. The intrinsically non-linear relationship between construction and output growth is very mute in our sample, suggesting that, SSA countries have not yet reached the stage of development where construction growth becomes trivial. We further show that East Africa experienced a robust impact of construction on economic growth compared to West and Southern Africa.
Construction, institutions and economic growth in sub-Saharan Africa
Working paper 622
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text:
Goshichinichi no mishuho
- Japanese: 後七日御修法 (go shichi nichi no mishuhou)
The Goshichinichi no mishuhô, or Second Week Imperial Ritual," was a Shingon Buddhist imperial ritual aimed at empowering the emperor and by extension the state.
It was performed regularly from 835 until the 1300s, was revived under the Tokugawa shogunate in 1625, abolished by the Meiji government in the 1870s, was then revived in 1883 and was performed regularly until 1945, before being abolished again, and then revived yet again in 1968, being performed regularly from 1968 until today.
- Evelyn Rawski, Early Modern China and Northeast Asia: Cross-Border Perspectives, Cambridge University Press (2015), 119n52, citing Fabio Rambelli, "The Emperor's New Robes: Processes of Resignification in Shingon Imperial Rituals," Cahiers d'Extreme-Asie 13 (2002-2003): 427-453.


text:
Keeping Your Grey Duck Down Jacket in Top Condition
1. The Importance of Caring for Your Grey Duck Down Jacket
2. Cleaning and Washing Your Grey Duck Down Jacket
3. Storing Your Grey Duck Down Jacket Properly
4. Tips for Maintaining the Insulation of Your Grey Duck Down Jacket
5. Repairing and Restoring Your Grey Duck Down Jacket
The Importance of Caring for Your Grey Duck Down Jacket
Your Grey Duck Down jacket is not just a stylish and functional piece of clothing; it is an investment that requires proper care to maintain its performance and longevity. While these jackets are designed to be durable and provide outstanding insulation, neglecting regular care can significantly impact their effectiveness. By following a few simple maintenance tips, you can keep your Grey Duck Down jacket in top condition and enjoy its warmth for years to come.
Cleaning and Washing Your Grey Duck Down Jacket
Proper cleaning is essential to keep your Grey Duck Down jacket performing at its best. Before washing, always refer to the care instructions provided by the manufacturer to ensure you do not damage the jacket. Most down jackets can be safely cleaned in a washing machine using gentle detergents specifically designed for down-filled products. Avoid using fabric softeners or harsh chemicals, as they can strip the natural oils from the down and reduce its insulating properties.
It is important to note that frequent washing may not be necessary, as down jackets naturally repel dirt and oils. When in doubt, spot cleaning small stains with a mild soap and warm water mixture is a better alternative. If your jacket requires a full wash, set the machine to a gentle cycle and use cold water. Once washed, allow the jacket to air dry thoroughly, avoiding direct sunlight and heat sources as they can cause clumping and damage the down fill.
Storing Your Grey Duck Down Jacket Properly
Proper storage is crucial to maintain the loft and insulation of your Grey Duck Down jacket. When not in use, it is best to store the jacket in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight. Avoid compressing the jacket for extended periods, as this can lead to loss of loft and affect its insulating capabilities.
To maximize storage space while maintaining the quality of your jacket, use a breathable storage bag or a large pillowcase. Avoid plastic bags, as they can trap moisture and promote the growth of mold or mildew. Additionally, store your down jacket in an area where it is protected from pests and rodents that may chew or damage the fabric.
Tips for Maintaining the Insulation of Your Grey Duck Down Jacket
To preserve the loft and insulation of your Grey Duck Down jacket, follow these tips:
1. Avoid excessive compression: When packing or traveling, try not to crush your down jacket for long periods. Instead, loosely stuff it in a breathable storage bag.
2. Regularly shake and fluff: After unpacking or storing your jacket, give it a gentle shake to distribute the down evenly. Fluff the jacket by hand to restore its loft before wearing.
3. Avoid moisture exposure: Down loses its insulating properties when wet. If your jacket gets wet, dry it promptly to prevent clumping and minimize the risk of mold or mildew.
4. Avoid applying pressure on seams: Excessive pressure on the seams can weaken the stitching and cause down leakage. Be mindful while wearing or packing your jacket.
5. Use a down-specific detergent: When washing your jacket, opt for a down-specific detergent to ensure the soap does not damage the filling. Regular detergents can strip natural oils and negatively impact the down's insulation properties.
Repairing and Restoring Your Grey Duck Down Jacket
Over time, wear and tear can occur, causing small rips, tears, or loss of down feathers in your Grey Duck Down jacket. To extend its lifespan and functionality, it is essential to address these issues promptly. Many manufacturers offer repair services, so consider reaching out to them for professional repairs. However, if you prefer a DIY approach, patching small holes with specialized down repair tape or using a needle and thread can be effective solutions.
For larger repairs or extensive damage, it might be best to consult a professional tailor or send your jacket to a reputable repair center. They can replace zippers, repair seams, and restore any lost insulation, ensuring your jacket remains in top condition.
In conclusion, caring for your Grey Duck Down jacket is vital to preserve its quality and functionality. By following the maintenance tips outlined above, cleaning it properly, storing it correctly, and addressing any repairs promptly, you can enjoy the warmth and comfort of your jacket for many outdoor adventures to come. Remember, a well-maintained down jacket will not only keep you snug but also protect your investment in this valuable piece of outerwear..


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 5. Semiconductor Manufacturing
 6. 6. Review SEM - What is a Review SEM?
Semiconductor Room
6. Review SEM - What is a Review SEM?
A Defect Review SEM is a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) that is configured to review defects found on a wafer. A defect detected by a semiconductor wafer defect inspection system is enlarged using an Review SEM to a high magnification image so that it can be reviewed and classified. A Defect Review SEM is mainly used together with the inspection systems in the production lines of electronic devices and other semiconductors.
Review SEM
Review SEM role
Review SEM generally works in the following way:
 1. Wafer defects are detected using an inspection system in advance.
 Inspection system lists position coordinates of the defects and outputs it into a file.
 2. The inspected wafer and the file of the inspection result are loaded into the Review SEM.
 3. Images of the defects on the list are taken.
 The defect position is determined based on the position information from the defect list. Images of the defects are then taken and stored by the Review SEM.
 Several thousand to several tens of thousand defects are detected using the inspection system, and the data is output into a file. Whether to review and to take photos of all or some of the defects can be specified in the operation settings of a recipe of the Review SEM.
Sometimes a defect on a wafer cannot be found using the position information in the defect data file. Because of various errors, it is not easy to find a defect using the position information alone.
In a defect inspection system, the defective image is compared with the adjacent die image (reference image) and the defect is detected due to the image difference (difference image processing).
The Review SEM, similar to the defect inspection system, detects the defect by comparison with the circuit pattern of the adjacent die and obtains the correct position of the defect. The defect is then moved to the center of the field of view and an enlarged photo is taken of it.
In the case of Memory IC's defect review, in which cell patterns are arranged repeatedly, the image of the minimum unit of a cell is registered as the reference image in advance. One method of detecting a defect on the Review SEM is to compare the image of the defect with the reference image using difference image processing. This method can speed up the defect detection on the Review SEM because multiple sections can be compared with the same reference image.
Review SEM
Review SEM
ADR function
ADR stands for Automatic Defect Review. The aim of the Defect Review is to observe, classify and analyze the shape and components of the defect and particles detected by wafer inspection system in greater detail.
Automatic Defect Review automatically obtains image of the desired defect using the defect information (coordinates, etc.) obtained in defect inspection. The data is stored and arranged into a database.
In Defect Review SEM, an image of the defect is automatically obtained and stored using the ADR function.
ADC function
ADC stands for Automatic Defect Classification. The image information of the defect stored in the image server is classified according to the cause of the defect by the classification software based on the predetermined rules and is then restored in the classification server. The classified information is sent to Yield Management System (YMS) and the host computer of the IC manufacturer so that it can be used in the failure and defect analysis.
Some systems can classify defects using ADC in conjunction with the ADR function of the Defect Review SEM. The defect information obtained by ADR can also be classified collectively at a later stage.
Reference
Products
Introducing the product lineup of Defect Review SEM & Defect Inspection Systems
Wafer Surface Inspection System LS Series
Wafer Surface Inspection System LS Series
Wafer surface inspection system to detect various types of small defects on non-patterned wafer of next generation device.
Dark Field Wafer Defect Inspection System IS Series
Dark Field Wafer Defect Inspection System IS Series
Delivering high detection sensitivity and high inspection throughput which enables yield improvement and production cost reduction.
Related Links
Related Information
Contact Us: Semiconductor Manufacturing Equipment


text:
On this page:
Definition of the noun Aganippe bancrofti
What does Aganippe bancrofti mean as a name of something?
Aganippe bancrofti is a species of Aganippe, described by Rainbow in 1914.
- synonyms: species Aganippe bancrofti / Blakistonia bancrofti / species Blakistonia bancrofti
- kingdom: Animalia
- phylum: Arthropoda
- class: Arachnida
- order: Araneae
- family: Idiopidae
- genus: Aganippe
Online dictionaries and encyclopedias with entries for Aganippe bancrofti
Click on a label to prioritize search results according to that topic:
Share this page
Go to the thesaurus of Aganippe bancrofti to find many related words and phrases!


How do you measure a curve in AutoCAD?
Choose Locators > Measure > Arc Length . Press the on the curve and drag the locator along the curve. The prompt line shows the arc length from the start of the curve to the locator. A window shows the arc length of the entire curve.
How do you find the length of a curved line?
Measuring a curved line
If we carefully move the thread along the curved line while keeping it stretched tightly, and then measure the used part of the thread on a metre scale, we can get to know the length of the curved line.
What is the length of a curve?
Arc length is the distance between two points along a section of a curve. Determining the length of an irregular arc segment is also called rectification of a curve.
What is a 1 degree curve?
The usual distance in North American road work is 100 feet (30.48 m) of arc. … As an example, a curve with an arc length of 600 units that has an overall sweep of 6 degrees is a 1-degree curve: For every 100 feet of arc, the bearing changes by 1 degree. The radius of such a curve is 5729.57795.
What do you use to measure a curved line?
An opisometer, also called a curvimeter, meilograph, or map measurer, is an instrument for measuring the lengths of arbitrary curved lines.
IT IS INTERESTING: How do you zoom in layout in AutoCAD?
How do you measure a curve to cut wood?
Grab any narrow board or strip of plywood and drill a few holes—voilà, instant compass. Drill a pencil-size hole a few inches from the end of the board. Then drill a screw-size hole at the pivot point. The distance between them should be the radius of the curve, if you know what that measurement is.
How do you find the length of a parabolic curve?
y = 2x ds = 1 + (2x)2 dx = 1+4×2 dx. So the arc length of the parabola over the interval 0 ≤ x ≤ a is: a 1+4×2 dx. (you may have seen parts of this calculation in a recitation video).
What is the radius of a 5 degree curve?
Degrees of Curve to Radius
Degree of Curve Radius, Scale Feet Radius for HO (Inches)
3 1910.078 263.156
4 1432.685 197.385
5 1146.279 157.926
6 955.366 131.623
What is radius of a curve?
In differential geometry, the radius of curvature, R, is the reciprocal of the curvature. For a curve, it equals the radius of the circular arc which best approximates the curve at that point. For surfaces, the radius of curvature is the radius of a circle that best fits a normal section or combinations thereof.
What is a 2 degree curve?
Second degree equations
must be one of the conic sections studied by Apollonius. So if you randomly make up a polynomial equation involving the variables and , with the maximum degree of any term being two, then this determines a curve which is a conic section of one type or another, somewhere in the plane.
House 3D


text:
In the twenty-one years after the start of hydraulic mining of gold in the Sierra foothills massive quantities of sediment were washed down from the mountains to the Delta and San Francisco Bay. More than 250 million cubic meters of this sediment was deposited in San Pablo Bay.
To give you a sense of how much material this is, it would take 10 quarry trucks a second dumping their loads for 1 year to equal this volume. Sedimentation decreased in the following years. From 1951 to 1983, San Pablo Bay lost sediment. This was the first period we studied where San Pablo Bay lost sediment. One possible reason for the change from sediment accumulating in the Bay to eroding from the Bay is a decrease in sediment supply. The decrease in sediment supply is likely the result of upstream flood control and water distribution projects that have reduced peak flows (conditions when most sediment is transported). This possibility will be explored further in future work.
Sedimentation, normalized by the time between surveys, gives the rate that San Pablo Bay is filling or loosing sediment. The peak in sedimentation rate corresponds to the peak in hydraulic mining debris entering the Bay. By the early 1900's, sedimentation rates level off to about 2 million cubic meters per year. Sedimentation continues at the same rate until the 1950's. From 1951 to 1983, San Pablo Bay lost about one-quarter of a million meters of sediment a year.


text:
Wind Runner by Ellie Crowe
Price: $2.99 USD. 4310 words.
Language: English. Published on March 9, 2013. Fiction » Children's books » Historical / United States / 19th Century.
Young Indian runners, running as fast as the wind, carried vital messages for hundreds of miles. This time the message was WAR. The starving Pueblo Indians were rising in battle against the cruel Spanish soldiers. And they were calling on their sworn enemies to join the fight. Running Deer, a 14-year-old boy, is taking the place of his older brother. Can a boy succeed in this dangerous mission?

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Activist, Environmental and Social Justice Organizations
Honor the Earth
The Honor the Earth Campaign creates awareness and support for Indigenous environmental issues and leverages needed financial and political resources for the survival of sustainable Indigenous communities. The campaign will develop these resources by utilizing music, the arts, media, and Indigenous wisdom to ask people to recognize our joint dependency on the Earth.


text:
AbstractTobacco smoking is one of the leading causes of death worldwide and, while anti-tobacco movements have implemented many policies and regulations to prevent smoking uptake, every year approximately 207,000 teenagers in the UK start smoking. Much has been written on youth smoking initiation, but examining the perspectives of young people through their Twitter persona has thus far been under-researched.
The Twitter engagement of the smoking cessation organisation The Filter Wales is used as the basis of this study. This organisation is a leading youth-focussed tobacco control initiative in Wales. Through a Twitter collection program, 4.8 million tweets from 2180 sample members were collected. Novel big data methods are combined with traditional methods such as content analysis and analysis of discourse to determine the reach of smoking cessation programs and provide a better understanding of the social meaning of smoking and its association with other health risks.
Results show that the tweets and Twitter profiles can illustrate social inequalities between sample members and that the Filter has reached their target audience. The results further illustrate that the majority of tweets concern tobacco smoking and that for young people tobacco and e-cigarettes relate to personal behaviour while marijuana and shisha are more common in a social context. Important for the Filter Wales, the knowledge of smoking (and unhealthy co-behaviours) is present, but for young people, the positive short-term effects of unhealthy behaviour outweigh the long-term gains of a healthy lifestyle.
This thesis extends the large body of work by approaching smoking from a data-driven perspective which has not been done to this extent before. This thesis demonstrates how tweets provide unadjusted perceptions of smoking and uniquely shows how these young people can be better understood in their smoking habit.
|Date of Award||Jan 2018|
|Supervisor||Liz Twigg (Supervisor) & Carol Ekinsmyth (Supervisor)|


can I mass deploy tokens programatically and automate it with Intune?
Solution: Using the official API from Canary we will create a Remediation Script that automatically deploys this on our Windows devices. For MacOS and Linux we will create a Bash Script.
PowerShell Sample
Windows
How does the PowerShell script work?
The deployment with Intune consist of two PowerShell Scripts. The first one will be the script to detect if a token is already deployed and the second script will deploy a token if it is not aleady present.
Here are both scripts to download:
 1. Detection Script: GitHub
 2. Remediation Script: GitHub
First of all we will need the API Access to the Canary Console. Follow this guide to enable API: _URL_
We also need the following informations:
 1. Canary Factory
 2. Factory Auth Key
 3. FlockID
Copy and past the Keys and the domain in the Parameter section of the remediation Script:
You can run the Remediation Script on your device to test if everything works and change the target directory for the tokens. I recommend to clean up the tokens in your Canary Console after testing to have a clean and consistent overview of all deployed tokens.
What is a Canarytoken Factory?
Sometimes you want to automate the creation of Canarytokens across your fleet. Perhaps you want every EC2 instance to reach out and fetch a token on creation (or startup). The Canary Console API allows for the automation, but it seems a bad idea to use your API key on every host.
The Canarytoken factory gives you a limited use key that is able to create other tokens. You can leave this key on a host knowing that even if an attacker were able to grab it, he'd be able to create new tokens but not remove (or alter) anything else.
What is a Canarytoken Flock?
You have the ability to create different flocks for grouping your Canaries. This allows you to have access control, different alerting groups, IP ignore lists, and much more!
What are Remediations in Intune?
Remediations are script packages that can detect and fix common support issues on a user's device before they even realize there's a problem. Remediations can help reduce support calls. You can create your own script package, or deploy one of the script packages we've written and used in our environment for reducing support tickets.
Each script package consists of a detection script, a remediation script, and metadata. Through Intune, you can deploy these script packages and see reports on their effectiveness.
Detection Script
Let's look into how the detection Script works.
 1. List of Token Types to check if they are already present on this device.
 2. The target directory where to look for. This directory is important and has to match with the folder from the remediation script or else it will not be able to find the token and eventually rerun infinitely depending on the settings in Intune.
 3. If the token is not present It will exit with a Status code of 1 to tell Intune that the remediation Script should run next. If there is a token already present it will exit with 0 meaning that the remediation Script must not be run.
The status of the detection script will be written in the output which you can check in the Intune portal to verify deployments and check errors.
Remediation Script
Let's look into how the remediation Script works.
 1. List of required parameters to authenticate with the Canary API.
 - There are two ways of deploying the Tokens:
 - Pre-Define a specific Token that should be deployed on all Devices, e.g. AWS Certificate or
 - Randomize the Token from a given list, e.g. AWS Cert, Azure Cert, PDF File and more
 2. You will have to define the Target Directories on the devices of the Tokens so they match your wishes. The target folder will be created by this script if it does not exist. This has to match the $TokenOptions of the detection Script or it will infinitely run cause it can not find the token in the folder.
 3. We will force TLS 1.2 to match the requirements of the API and to securely connect to it.
 4. The script will now generate the tokens in the Canary Factory. Every Token will have a Token Memo and the Devicename in it. This way you will be able to distinguish that Tokens and search for the Devicename in case of a offboarding scenario.
 5. Lastly it will download the token and place it in the target directory.
The status of the remediation script will be written in the output which you can check in the Intune portal to verify deployments and check errors.
I have implemented error handling and a retry method because API Calls can fail sometimes, therefore we will try again if the connectioned failed upto 3 times.
Step-by-Step deployment with Intune
After reading and understand the idea behind Canary Tokens and also the PowerShell Scripts for the mass deployment we can now deploy them with Intune.
 1. Go to the Intune portal at: intune.microsoft.com
 2. Go to Devices -> Remediations
3. Select + Create script package
4. Give it a Name to your liking and click on Next
5. Now upload the detection and remediation script:
6. Select or Skip Scope tags and Assign it to a Azure AD Group.
7. Profit 🙂
MacOS
How does the Shell Script work?
First of all we will need API Access to the Canary Console. Follow this guide to enable API: _URL_
We also need the following informations:
 1. Canary Factory
 2. Factory Auth Key
 3. FlockID
Copy and past the Keys inside the script.
The script does the following:
 1. Initialization: Defines constants for the domain, factory authentication, and flock ID.
 - You have to provide this necessary informations before deploying this script on any device. Just add them to the specific lines inside the script.
 2. Dependency Check & Installation:
 - Checks if curl is installed; if not, it tries to install it using brew.
 - Checks if jq (a command-line JSON processor) is installed; if not, it installs it similarly.
 3. Token Selection:
 - It randomly selects a token type from aws, azure, wireguard, msword-macro, or pdf-acrobat-reader.
 - Depending on the token type, it sets various parameters (like target directory, token type, and filename).
 4. Parameters & Directory Check:
 - Ensures that essential parameters (FACTORY_AUTH, TOKEN_TYPE, and FLOCK_ID) aren't empty.
 - If the required directory does not exist, it's created.
 5. Token Creation:
 - It forms the data to be sent as POST to create a canary token.
 - Sends a POST request to create the token and checks for success.
 6. Token Download:
 - Downloads the token.
 - Writes the token to the designated location.
 7. Result: Outputs the location of the token if the creation and download are successful.
You can download the script from here: GitHub
We can deploy shell scripts on MacOS Devices with Intune. Here is a guide how to do it:
Step-by-step deployment with Intune
 1. Go to the Intune portal at: intune.microsoft.com
 2. Go to Devices -> macOS -> Shell Scripts
3. Add a new Script, give it a name and upload the script:
Note: Add your own domain, Factory_Auth and Flock_ID to the script before uploading it to Intune.
4. Click on next and Assign this script to a AAD Group where you want the script to run. The last step is to click on Add:
5. Done 🙂
Linux
Since its possible now to also run scripts with Intune on managed Linux clients we will use it to automate the deployment of canary tokens.
How does the Shell Script work?
First of all we will need API Access to the Canary Console. Follow this guide to enable API: _URL_
We also need the following informations:
 1. Canary Factory
 2. Factory Auth Key
 3. FlockID
Copy and past the Keys inside the script.
The script does the following:
 1. Initialization: Defines constants for domain, factory authentication, and flock ID.
 - You have to provide this necessary informations before deploying this script on any device. Just add them to the specific lines inside the script.
 2. Dependency Check & Installation:
 - Checks if jq is installed; if not, installs it using apt-get.
 - Does the same for curl.
 3. Token Selection:
 - Randomly selects a token type from the predefined array.
 4. Token Options Definition:
 - Uses an associative array to map token options (directory, type, and filename) for each token type.
 5. Parameter Checks:
 - Validates that the essential parameters are set.
 6. Directory Creation:
 - Checks if the target directory exists; if not, creates it.
 7. File Existence Check:
 - Checks if the token file already exists, and if so, it exits.
 8. Token Creation on Console:
 - Forms the data for the POST request.
 - If the token is of type "azure", adds specific azure related data to the request.
 - Sends a POST request in a loop, retrying up to 3 times with increasing sleep intervals if the creation fails.
 9. Token Download:
 - If the token creation is successful, it downloads the token.
 10.


text:
Department of Marine Ecology, Khoramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology, Khoramshahr, Iran
Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Biological Science, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
The concentrations of mercury (Hg) and methyl mercury (MeHg) in sediment and tissues of Barbus grypus and Barbus esocinus fish species from Musa estuary, north part of the Persian Gulf, were measured. The order of Hg and MeHg concentrations in the sediment and tissues of the fish species was as follows: liver > gill > muscle > sediment. In the tissues of two fish species, the Hg and MeHg concentrations were highest in liver whereas lowest in the muscle. In the sediment, mean concentrations of Hg and MeHg were 0.83 and 0.437 µg g−1. Mean concentrations of Hg and MeHg in B. grypus were 1.2–0.624 µg g−1 and in all tissues of B. esocinus were 0.75 and 0.421 µg g−1. Significant correlation between heavy metal concentration in sediment and fish may be related to high variability of heavy metal in the sediment.


text:
Anson Resources Ltd (ASX:ASN) has completed the sampling program of the Skyline Unit 1 well at its Paradox Brine Project in Utah, US as part of the company's multiple mineral/multiple revenue stream strategy.
The aim of the program was to sample brine in Clastic Zones 19, 19 and 29 for minerals including lithium, bromine, iodine and boron.
Brine had been previously recorded in these clastic levels in historical oil and gas drilling logs and geophysical logs that were taken by Anson during the sampling of Clastic Zone 31.
Plan showing Anson's Paradox Brine project area and recorded lithium and bromine grades
The combined thickness of Clastic Zones 17,19, 29 and 31 that have been confirmed by Anson to contain brine have been increased to 115 feet (about 35 meters) at the Skyline well.
This program is a continuation of the well re-entry sampling program that began in the first quarter 2019, the results from which were used in the estimation of Anson's maiden JORC resource for Clastic Zone 31 where concentrations of lithium, bromine, iodine and boron were recorded.
Samples of brine were successfully taken from Clastic Zones 17,19 and 29 where the brine flowed into the drill tubing after perforating the steel casing of the well pressure indicating that the brine resides in porous rock and that there is pressure in these Clastic Zones.
Sampled brine to be shipped to laboratory in Texas, USA
It is worth noting that some difficulty was experienced by the drilling crew in plugging Clastic Zone 31 in the Skyline well due to the very high pressure of the artesian flow which is expected to reduce extraction costs.
The samples collected have been sent to a laboratory in Texas for assaying, the results of which are expected before the end of October 2019.
These results will be used to review the JORC estimates and the Preliminary Economic Assessment (PEA) which are expected to be completed in Q1 2020.


text:
1. Why does Edna say she is a wicked woman?
2. Why does she think at the same time that she is not?
3. What is Alcee's response to Edna's question?
4. What is significant about Alcee's response?
5. What does Mademoiselle Reisz tell Edna about courage?
6. How does Edna feel after kissing Alcee?
7. What is the significance of the reproach Edna imagines from Robert?
8. What does Edna understand about life after being with Alcee?
9. What specifically does Edna not feel?
(The entire page is 282 words.)
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text:
Rail steels require sufficient hardness to provide resistance to wear from contact with the train wheels and it must also be resistant to changes in rail profile from plastic deformation and to cracking caused by rolling contact fatigue as shown below.
Rolling contact fatigue damage in rails
The microstructures of rail materials changed through the years as cast iron was replaced by wrought iron and then various grades of steel as shown below.
The vast majority of rail steels in use today contain about 0.7-0.9% carbon and have a microstructure known as pearlite consisting of very fine alternating layers iron and cementite (Fe3C). However higher hardness rails have bainitic or martensitic microstructures.


text:
It is the mission of the Church Library to support the foundations of Zion's Evangelical Lutheran Church by providing media and services designed to
advance the study of God's word, promote spiritual enrichment, enhance quality of worship, and stimulate Christian growth.
Volunteers staff and manage the Church Library. To volunteer or learn more about the Library Contact Ruth Ann Eyer.
Zion's also has a Book Group which is currently meeting monthly. Check the calendar listing for current book information.
If you enjoy reading, come out and join our group.
Here are some volunteer opportunities for the church library:
- Typing ability needed for adding collection to computer and adding info on spine of books.
- Nice printing ability to add info on spine of books.
- Getting books ready to add to collection by putting return address labels on back of books, inside
the book, writing date added to collection and cost on inside of back cover of the book.
- Putting books in the correct order on the shelves – called straightening books.
- Help to "weed" the books – meaning get rid of books that are too old or not relevant.
- Help design bulletin board and change bulletin board.
- Make suggestions for "new" books to be purchased.
- Come up with new suggestions for the library.
- Help decide if a donation of a book should be added to the collection.
If you are interested in helping with any of the above tasks or would like to know more about the Library at Zion's, contact Ruth Ann Eyer.


text:
Algebraic Cryptography Center
Department Director Alexei Miasnikov founded the Algebraic Cryptography Center (ACC) to investigate new techniques from computational algebra and their applications to practical problems in cryptography and cryptanalysis.
The ACC facilitates interdisciplinary research on foundational problems of cryptography and cybersecurity in collaboration with associate members at other institutions throughout the world. The center investigates unique applications of mathematical algorithms that may be used to facilitate security in quantum computing systems – an integral blending of both computer science and mathematics in pursuit of a greater goal. According to ACC director Robert Gilman, "If a technology such as a quantum computer suddenly gains the power to solve hard problems much more quickly, many of the crypto-systems that have become a vital part of global infrastructure will become insecure...we have to be able to ask, 'To what extent can we prove a crypto-system is secure?' And we need to be able to find an answer."
"Everything in the field of quantum computing and cryptographic mathematics is wide open," says Dr. Miasnikov. "There remain fundamental mathematical questions that affect the very nature of current and future cryptographic methods. These not only present challenging and exciting opportunities for researchers such as myself, but offer an exceptional chance for students to participate in this groundbreaking field."
The main research themes of the ACC are:
- Cryptanalysis of public key cryptosystems based on algebraic problems.
- Theoretical development of generic complexity.
- Application of generic complexity to the problem of testing the security of cryptosystems.
The Center sponsors a number of seminars, lectures, and visitors. It is currently located in Room 380 in the Kidde Building. The Algebra & Cryptography Seminar, jointly sponsored with the CUNY Graduate Center, meets on Fridays.


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Balanced Insert Heap Example
Language: Layout:
+ ] Compiler args + ] Show input
Compilation time: 1.05 sec, absolute running time: 0.21 sec, cpu time: 0.13 sec, memory peak: 3 Mb, absolute service time: 1,27 sec
edit mode | history | discussion
*** Tree Example Program for ECE 2574 ***
Inserted value 1 and new height = 2 Optimal Tree Height = 2 Tree size = 2 Ratio = 1
Inserted value 2 and new height = 2 Optimal Tree Height = 2 Tree size = 3 Ratio = 1
Max ratio of tree height to optimal tree height = 1
Height of tree is 2


text:
Assume 14 < n < 30. Make boxes labelled 16-n to 30-n. Let Si be the set of the first i elements. Let si be the sum of the elements of Si. If si is less than or equal to 30-n, put Si in the box labelled si. Otherwise, put it in the box labelled si-n. There are 15 boxes, and 16 subsets, so at least one box has two subsets. Clearly, a box with two subsets must have one, say Si, with si = the box label, and one subset Sj with sj-n = the box label, with Sj containing Si, obviously. So Sj - Si is a subset whose elements have sum n. The complement of this set with respect to the full set of 16 elements has sum 30-n.
You can probably express the above in 4 lines if you're especially terse.


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A Gear Inch Calculator for Cyclists
by harley_frog (Novice)
on Aug 12, 2003 at 13:17 UTC ( #283169=CUFP: print w/ replies, xml ) Need Help??
Last night, I was doing the exercises in Chapter 2 of The Llama Book and decided to try some "extra credit" coding when I came up with this idea. I used to do a lot of bicycling when I was in college and currently looking to buying a recumbent. With anywhere from 24 to 27 speeds, it's nice to know what the gear inches are for each speed. A gear inch, by the way, is a calculation based on the gear ratios and the size of the drive wheel. It described how "big" your drive wheel is (and in this case bigger means faster). I am hoping to modify the code later to give the entire range of gears, but that's for Chapter 3. ;)
Thoughts, opinions, hints, etc. gladly welcomed.
Frog
#!/usr/bin/perl -w print "Enter the number of teeth on the chainring: "; chomp ($chainring = <STDIN>); print "Enter the number of teeth on the cog: "; chomp ($cog = <STDIN>); if ($cog <= 0) { print "Error: The gear inches cannot be calculated using $cog as a c +og value. Please enter another value."; } else { print "Is your rear wheel metric? (y/n): "; chomp ($_ = <STDIN>); if ($_ eq "y") { print "Enter your metric wheel size in millimeters: "; chomp ($metric = <STDIN>); $wheel = $metric * .039; $gear_inches = ($chainring / $cog) * $wheel; print "The gear inches for a chainring of $chainring teeth and a c +og of $cog teeth and a wheel of $metric millimeters is $gear_inches g +ear inches.\n"; } else { print "Enter your wheel size in inches: "; chomp ($wheel = <STDIN>); $gear_inches = ($chainring / $cog) * $wheel; print "The gear inches for a chainring of $chainring teeth and a c +og of $cog teeth for a wheel $wheel inches in diameter is $gear_inche +s gear inches.\n"; } }
Comment on A Gear Inch Calculator for Cyclists
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Re: A Gear Inch Calculator for Cyclists
by Abigail-II (Bishop) on Aug 12, 2003 at 13:59 UTC
 Why do beginners programs have the tendency to be overly chatty? Your program prints a line, and read something from input for each chainwheel, whether or not the wheels are metric, and for the size of the wheel.
 Could you imagine what life would be if every program acted that way? Just imagine a 'tar' asking you for each option whether you want to include that, and each file to be included to be typed in separatedly? There's a reason many programs take command line arguments, and that programs that read from stdin and write to stdout are often called filters. Programs like yours are much harder to chain together.
 I would also perform some form of input checking, and round of the final value.
 #!/usr/bin/perl use strict; use warnings; die "Usage: $0 <chainring> <cog> <wheelsize>\n" unless @ARGV == 3; my ($chainring, $cog, $wheelsize) = @ARGV; $wheelsize = $1 * .39 if $wheelsize =~ /^(\d+)m$/; die "Chainring needs to be a positive integer\n" unless $chainring =~ +/^\d+$/; die "Cog needs to be a positive integer\n" unless $cog =~ /^\d+$ +/; die "Wheelsize needs to be a positive number\n" unless $wheelsize =~ /^\d+(?:[.]\d*)?$/; my $gearinches = sprintf "%.2f" => $wheelsize * $chainring / $cog; print <<"--"; The gear inches for a chainring of $chainring teeth and a cog of $cog teeth, and a wheel of $wheelsize inches is $gearinches gear inches. -- __END__
 Abigail
 Why do beginners programs have the tendency to be overly chatty?
 I think it has a lot to do with insecurity. Beginners want to be continually assured that the program is actually doing what they think they told the program to do.
 Once you are more experienced, you are self assured about your programming capabilities, and you "know" that the program is doing what you told it to do. So you don't need the continuous assurances anymore.
 Liz
Re: A Gear Inch Calculator for Cyclists
by CountZero (Bishop) on Aug 13, 2003 at 06:19 UTC
 To cater for a user who types 'Y' instead of 'y', it is considered better to normalize the user input to the same case as your test (unless you want the program to react differently between 'Y' and 'y'):
 print "Is your rear wheel metric? (y/n): "; chomp ($_ = <STDIN>); if (lc($_) eq "y")
 As lc by default works on $_, you could use lc instead of lc($_), but that is perhaps unnecessarily obfuscated (Are there necessary obfuscations?)
 CountZero
 "If you have four groups working on a compiler, you'll get a 4-pass compiler." - Conway's Law
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I'm aware about the difference between _URL_-title and _URL_-article1-title. In my application I have the following type of urls: my_domain.com/2015/december/my-article1-title
Since the month is a word, not a digit, is there any downside for SEO? Will it be treated as a keyword and thus will be confused with the title of an article? Or is a search engine smart enough to realize that "december" is a part of a date?
 - 1
 You are seriously over thinking this. The short answer is No. Ontologies understand that 12 is December. – closetnoc Dec 24 '17 at 2:44
 - _USER_ the question is whether a search engine is able to do so – Kakki Dec 24 '17 at 2:45
 - Yes. Of course. Ontologies are used to understand meaning. Ontologies know 12, Dec, December, etc. So is there an issue with SEO? The answer is No. Both are the same. Cheers!! – closetnoc Dec 24 '17 at 3:55
 - _USER_ the question is whether a search engine is able to do so – Kakki Dec 24 '17 at 5:50
 - Google use only those keywords which is matched with user query, rest of keywords, google does not care. If someone type 12 on their query then first URL will be great, and if someone type december on their query then second URL will be great. Google does not confuse here, yes google consider it as dates, but they also consider it as keywords as well. – Goyllo Dec 24 '17 at 9:28
I would use the digits, as it makes your url shorter and easier to read for your users.
 - How is this answer helpful beyond what had already said by other users? – John Conde Dec 25 '17 at 21:27
 - added the user's perspective to the discussion. It's not really important if Google understands it as december or not. I would use the short version because of a better user experience > easier to read the url. – p3sn Dec 26 '17 at 9:31
Your Answer


Querying Places
Revision Information
 - Revision slug: Querying_Places
 - Revision title: Querying Places
 - Revision id: 131213
 - Created:
 - Creator: Gemal
 - Is reviewed? Yes
 - Reviewed:
 - Reviewed by: Jay
 - Is approved? Yes
 - Is current revision? No
 - Comment executeQuery instead of executeQueries
Revision Source
Revision Content
Most information from the Firefox history and bookmarks system ("Places") comes from executing queries on the history system (nsINavHistory.executeQuery/executeQueries). This will give you a nsINavHistoryResult object which will contain a tree structure of the results. The definitions of these structures is in {{template.Source("browser/components/places/public/nsINavHistoryService.idl")}}
Executing a query
There are two parts of a query: a list of one or more nsINavHistoryQuery objects, and an nsINavHistoryQueryOptions object. You first need to fill out these structures with the parameters you want. Use nsINavHistoryService.getNewQuery and nsINavHistoryService.getNewQueryOptions to retrieve empty objects. These objects typically have empty values for each possible field, so using them in their initial state will give you all of history in a flat list:
var historyService = Components.classes["_USER_-history-service;1"]
// get all history sorded by ascending visit date
var options = historyService.getNewQueryOptions();
options.sortingMode = options.SORT_BY_DATE_ASCENDING;
// no query parameters will return everything
var query = historyService.getNewQuery();
var result = historyService.executeQuery(query, options)
Result types
The query options structure nsINavHistoryQueryOptions has an attribute resultType for the type of the results that you want. It is important to understand the differences between these:
 - RESULTS_AS_URI: This is the default, and means that you get one result node of type RESULT_TYPE_URI for each URI that matches the query. The visit date for each node will be the last visit date for that URL. You will definitely want this when showing bookmark folders.
 - RESULTS_AS_VISIT: This means that you want one entry for each time a page was visited matching the given query. Therefore, you may get duplicate entries for URLs, each with a different date. The nodes will be of type RESULT_TYPE_VISIT which will give you access to a session ID for each visit. This session ID is the same for all pages that were reached by clicking links. A new session starts when the user types a new URL or follows a bookmark. It is used to compute the dividing lines in the places history view.
 - RESULTS_AS_FULL_VISIT: This is the same as visits but the results will be of type RESULT_TYPE_FULL_VISIT and will have additional information about the visit, such as the referring visit, and how the transition happened (typed, redirect, link, etc). This information is typically not needed and causes the result nodes (of which there may be many) to be larger, which is why it is a separate option.
The named constants are properties of nsINavHistoryQueryOptions, for example Components.interfaces.nsINavHistoryQueryOptions.RESULTS_AS_VISIT.
Query parameters
Note: The query object interface is subject to change. In its current form it is not very expressive. Implementing a better interface is {{template.Bug(317830)}}.
You can pass one or more nsINavHistoryQuery objects to nsINavHistoryService.executeQuery/executeQueries. Within one query object, all parameters are ANDed together. The conditions for different query objects are then ORed together. This allows for a simpler implementation and interface than a full logical operation with nested clauses while still being expressive.
Example of querying for any pages I've visited that contain the word "firefox" in the title/URL or that I've visited today from mozilla.org.
// first query object searches for "firefox" in title/URL
var query1 = historyService.getNewQuery();
query1.searchTerms = "firefox";
// second query object searches for visited in past 24 hours AND from mozilla.org
var query2 = historyService.getNewQuery();
query2.beginTimeReference = query2.TIME_RELATIVE_NOW;
query2.beginTime = -24 * 60 * 60 * _PHONE_; // 24 hours ago in microseconds
query2.endTimeReference = query2.TIME_RELATIVE_NOW;
query2.endTime = 0; // now
query2.domain = "mozilla.org";
var result = historyService.executeQueries([query1, query2], 2, options);
Note: Keyword searching doesn't work correctly across OR queries. The current behavior does the normal query and then selects keywords from the first query and filters all the results. (In other words, the keywords from the first query are ANDed with all queries.) Keywords from subsequent query objects are ignored. This is {{template.Bug(320332)}}.
Bookmark queries
The contents of bookmark folders can be retrieved by setting the "folders" member in the query object. This item is an array of folder IDs from the bookmark service. Typically, you will only have one folder ID in this list, which will given you the contents of that folder. You can set multiple folders and the result will be the intersection of all the folders.
Generally, you want to set the grouping mode in the options to GROUP_BY_FOLDER for bookmarks queries. This will result in a hierarchical structure containing the bookmark folder hierarchy rooted at where you requested.
Note: This doesn't actually have any effect in the current implementation. The query system always assumes GROUP_BY_FOLDER for bookmarks queries. See {{template.Bug(324579)}}.
For sorting, you will generally want to use SORT_BY_NONE (the default) since this will return items in their "natural" order as specified by the user in the bookmarks manager. Other sortings will work, however.
For bookmark queries you will generally want no query parameters to retrieve all items from the requested folder(s). When you specify exactly one folder, GROUP_BY_FOLDER, and no query parameters, the system will be more efficient querying and keeping the results up-to-date since this maps to exactly one bookmark folder.
var bookmarkSvc = Components.classes["_USER_-bookmarks-service;1"]
// |options| is an object created in the previous section
options.setFolders([bookmarkService.toolbarRoot], 1);
options.setGroupingMode([options.GROUP_BY_FOLDER], 1);
var result = historyService.executeQuery(query, options);
Serializing queries
Normally, query and options objects are represented in terms of objects. However, it is possible to serialize these objects using queriesToQueryString, and deserialize them using queryStringToQueries. The result will be a string starting with "place:" which you can store or bookmark. When a "place:" URI is bookmarked, it will expand to the results of the query when it is opened by the user.
You should never manually construct "place:" URI strings. The format is subject to change. If you need one, create the proper objects and call the history service to serialize it for you.
Be careful, queryStringToQueries may not return any query objects if the string was empty. Your code should handle this case. There will always be an options structure returned. If no options were specified, it will have the default values. If there were no query parameters specified but the input string was not empty (there were options) you may get one query object returned, containing the default query values.
Example of serializing and deserializing two queries and an options object:
var queryString = historyService.queriesToQueryStrings([query1, query2], 2, options);
var queriesRef = { };
var queryCountRef = { };
var optionsRef = { };
historyService.queryStringToQueries(queryString, queriesRef, queryCountRef, optionsRef);
// now use queriesRef.value, optionsRef.value
Using the results
Note: Be careful when accessing nodes and do not keep references to them around. Notifications sent to the result from the history and bookmarks system, as well as commands executed by the programmer such as sorting may cause the structure to change and nodes may be inserted, removed, or replaced.
The nsINavHistoryResult object returned by executeQuery/executeQueries contains the list of matches to the given history or bookmarks query. These results are contained in a tree structure made up of nodes. A node's type can be retrieved using its type attribute. This type tells you what interface you can QueryInterface the node to in order to get at more detailed information:
 - nsINavHistoryResultNode: Base class for all nodes. Contains URI, title, and other general info.
 - nsINavHistoryVisitResultNode: Derived from nsINavHistoryResultNode, contains session information.
 - nsINavHistoryFullVisitResultNode: Derived from nsINavHistoryVisitResultNode, contains information about how the user navigated to this page. Note: currently unimplemented, see {{template.Bug(320831)}}.
 - nsINavHistoryContainerResultNode: General container node giving access to its children. Derived from nsINavHistoryResultNode.
 - nsINavHistoryQueryResultNode: A type of container representing a query of the history system. It allows you to get the query options and parameters.
 - nsINavHistoryFolderResultNode: Derived from nsINavHistoryQueryResultNode, this represents a special type of query mapping to the exact contents of one bookmarks folder. It gives easy access to its folder ID, and also updates itself more efficiently than a general query.
Example of detecting the type of a node
var Ci =


text:
BornAgain (_URL_) is a novel software package to simulate and fit small-angle neutron and x-ray scattering at grazing incidence. It provides a generic framework for modeling multilayer samples with smooth or rough interfaces and with various types of embedded nanoparticles.
This School will introduce students, instrument scientists, and both novice and experienced researchers working in the field of GISAS or reflectometry at large to new opportunities for simulating and fitting their data. In compact introductory lectures, we will outline the theory implemented in BornAgain, and explain the design of the software. Extensive hands-on tutorials will highlight practical aspects of GISAS simulation.
Registration is available at _URL_
At the User Meeting, users of BornAgain are kindly invited to share their experiences, to present first results, but also to report on difficulties, to suggest improvements and to request missing features. This feedback offers a unique opportunity to influence the further development of BornAgain.
For convenience of colleagues from overseas, this event is scheduled as a satellite of the GISAXS2016 workshop (_URL_ which takes place on November 16-18 in Hamburg.


text:
The first Mini was introduced in 1959; it was created by a British firm but is currently owned by BMW, a German luxury brand.
With its recognizable appearance and quick handling, the current Mini maintains faithful to its beginnings.
- 10 Most Common Problems of Mini Cooper:
- 1. Power Steering Failure
- 2. Airbag problems
- 3. Timing chain problems
- 4. Windshield Cracks
- 5. Clutch failure
- 6. Electric Door Locks are Not Working
- 7. Transmission Failure
- 8. Footwell Relay Module Failure
- 9. Beeping Noises
- 10. Water pump and thermostat housing leaks
- Is Mini Cooper a Reliable Car?
- What Year Did Mini Coopers Have Problems?
10 Most Common Problems of Mini Cooper:
1. Power Steering Failure
The most frequently reported problems with the Mini are related to its steering, notably the premature breakdown of the power steering pump, according to Car Problem Zoo, a website that gathers user input.
Even while owners of more recent Minis occasionally complain about steering problems, it is still considerably less common than it was for models from the 2000s. Power steering tends to intermittently cease working, which makes it highly risky to operate the car. Owners have reported this.
It is advised to check your car's VIN using the recall lookup tool on the NHTSA website to discover if you are subject to this recall. The electro-hydraulic power steering system's defective components, most frequently the power steering pump, will need to be replaced.
2. Airbag problems
The airbag system in the Mini Cooper is a frequent source of complaints. This has been extensively documented on Mini Cooper cars from 2005 through 2016.
Owners frequently report that their airbag warning light illuminates. This might be very concerning for any driver because it indicates a problem with the life-saving components of the Supplemental Restraint System (SRS), namely the seatbelt and airbags. Thus, driving while the airbag light is on is probably not safe.
The airbag warning light may illuminate for several reasons, but in most cases, a faulty passenger detecting mat was to blame for the airbag light's sporadic activation. When a passenger is seated, the airbag light should illuminate above the rearview mirror if this is the cause.
The front passenger seat occupant detection mat sensor in Mini Coopers from around 2005 was frequently blamed for the airbag problem; this sensor needs to be changed.
The best course of action is to enter your VIN on the NHTSA website and see if you have been affected by the recalls made for this problem. Always conduct a VIN check to be safe; you may do this on the NHTSA website. It would help if you left this to the dealer to fix because the issue is related to the airbags. SR's tampering is risky and voids the warranty on the vehicle.
3. Timing chain problems
According to the owner feedback website Car Complaints, engine issues are the most significant problem category for the Mini Cooper, based on many parameters like repair cost and average miles when the issue arises.
Most engine problems have been reported for models 2007, 2009, and 2010, but there have been a few complaints about engines for models dating back to 2005 up until 2016. Although owners encounter many different engine problems, the "death rattle" is by far the most well-known problem.
Death rattles are a sign of a broken timing chain. Typically coming from the passenger side, the rattling sound is most audible at idling, cold weather, and moderate speeds.
A timing chain should, in theory, last the whole usable life of a vehicle; nevertheless, the issue was due to a flawed design, necessitating the installation of a new timing chain in the affected automobiles.
Contact your neighborhood dealership with a copy of the service order and a receipt if your Mini Cooper's timing chain failed and you previously paid out of pocket for the repair; you should be given a refund.
4. Windshield Cracks
Many Mini Cooper owners have complained that their windshields cracked without any contact or other harm coming to them.
Although this issue isn't as prevalent as some of the other issues we've discussed, there are enough complaints about it in the Car Problem Zoo database that we felt it was essential to include. According to owners, the crack initially seems little before progressively growing more prominent and spreading across the windshield.
It must be changed as quickly as possible if the windshield cracks. Sadly, some owners have claimed that the vehicle's 36,000-mile bumper-to-bumper warranty did not protect the replacement. You'll need to file an insurance claim in that situation.
5. Clutch failure
The clutch prematurely wears out, affecting 15 model years from 2002 to 2016 and occurring at an average mileage of 66,000 miles, the most frequent problem experienced by Mini Cooper owners.
The only Minis with this issue are those with manual transmissions, and fixing it may be extremely pricey. Those who frequently travel in stop-and-go traffic are the Mini owners most affected by this issue.
The clutch will need to be replaced if it wears out, which may cost more than $1,000.
6. Electric Door Locks are Not Working
Here are the occurrences when electric door locks are not working
- The locks on all doors will close. However, the key fob cannot remotely release the driver's side lock.
- The lock and passenger window both quit functioning.
- Neither the FOB nor the driver's side door will lock.
- Even when unlocked, the passenger side won't open from the inside.
Although a defective GM (general module), which controls the door locks, can also be to blame for door lock issues on a Mini Cooper, this is less common.
7. Transmission Failure
Transmission problems were well-known to exist in Mini Cooper cars produced before 2010. A transmission should last more than 200,000 miles in a modern vehicle. However, Mini owners have reported that their transmission broke down after only 100,000 miles.
This issue has been attributed to Mini, which stated that the automatic transmission was "sealed for life," negating the need to open it up to do transmission fluid flushes. The transmission fluid should be changed as needed, typically every 30,000 miles with Mini-approved fluids.
Even though it usually has to be replaced, if the transmission malfunctions, it will need extensive repairs that might cost up to $5,000 for a Mini.
Ensure the transmission fluid is pumped out every 30,000 miles to keep everything functioning properly and prevent this issue.
8. Footwell Relay Module Failure
There are numerous accounts online from owners who have encountered Footwell Relay Module (FRM) failure on Mini Cooper models produced from 2008 to 2014. Complete loss of headlights, turn signals, and taillights are the most frequently reported sign of a failing FRM.
The FRM on a Mini Cooper will typically need to be replaced if it malfunctions because the problem has been connected to a design flaw.
Mini Coopers have this problem, which Mini is aware of. However, we are not aware of a recall for this issue.
9. Beeping Noises
Owners have reported hearing an obnoxious beeping from their Mini Cooper. Even if it's not as terrible as the issues described earlier, it is undoubtedly incredibly unpleasant. You'll find this problem mentioned on most model years of a Mini because of its variety of electronics, but there's typically an easy fix.
Numerous factors could cause a Mini to beep at random. However, the following are typical causes. So check the following to determine where exactly the problem is.
- Ice and temperature warning
- Tire pressure alert
- Low-12 volt battery
10. Water pump and thermostat housing leaks
Leaks have been caused by plastic housings in first- and second-generation Mini Coopers.
Plastic housings should be replaced as part of routine maintenance.
Is Mini Cooper a Reliable Car?
Mini Cooper is ranked 25th out of 32 automobile brands in dependability. Remember that this rating is based on the frequency of repairs, the cost of repairs, and the severity of the problems.
Compared to less expensive (and hence less reliable) non-luxury equivalents, Mini Cooper's reliability rating has been severely harmed by the high expense of maintenance and repairs.
What Year Did Mini Coopers Have Problems?
The worst Mini Cooper models were manufactured between 2002 and 2012, excluding the 2008 model year.
The most frequent Mini Cooper issues across all models include automatic gearbox failure, water pump leakage, clutch failure, and power steering pump failure.
The Mini Cooper, which BMW produces, is renowned for its sporty, distinctive appearance and as a fun, adaptable subcompact car. The Mini has a higher starting price than most vehicles in its class, so it's critical to understand what kind of maintenance you might be looking at.


I am trying to understand what exactly the flying ice cube effect is, and how it manifests itself in MD simulation.
From what I have read about it, I see that as we run certain forms of velocity-rescaling without scrutiny, they system "freezes" into certain fixed states with a net momentum (like an ice-cube flying in space), instead of jostling around with zero net momentum. The article says:
the energy of high-frequency fundamental modes is drained into low-frequency modes, particularly into zero-frequency motions such as overall translation and rotation of the system.
What exactly is a high-frequency energy mode for point particles in space? Why does energy get drained out of them, and go into translation and rotation?
I am thinking of point particles moving in space with some kinetic energy, and with some interaction potential energy $U$. So the Hamiltonian is pretty much: \begin{align}\tag{1} \mathcal{H} &= \mathcal{K}(\mathbf{p})+\mathcal{U}(\mathbf{r}), \\\tag{2} \mathcal{H} &= \frac{1}{2}\sum _i \frac{\mathbf{p}_i^2}{m_i} + \mathcal{U}(\mathbf{r}). \end{align}
If I consistently rescale velocity to reach a certain temperature, why does it lead to a fixed state and the energy of high-frequency modes being drained into low-frequency modes like translation and rotation?
High frequency in this case is 'particles move all independently, with different directions and speed', and low frequency means 'particles can be represented as gradually changing field of speed and direction of particles in the region'. Something like 'frequency in space', how often to change speed and direction as you observe more and more particles.
If your particles are not centered, so that movement of center of mass is not zero, then large movement may take up most of the mantissa of your variables.
For example, big movement is 1000 units, and thermal movement is 1.001 units. Non-centered particle speed is 1001.001. This requires a lot of digits to store, and last digit may be lost in rounding.
The flying ice cube effect is when the kinetic energy leaks into the translations and rotations.
In a constant energy simulation (NVE) this must come at the expense of vibrations, which has the effect of "freezing" the bonds, angles and torsions. Obviously, this is a purely classical effect because even at 0 K a bond will vibrate at the zero-point energy (ZPE).
Here is a breakdown of the types of vibrations:
 - Bond stretches: Highest in energy
 - Bends: Somewhat lower in energy
 - Torsional motions: Lower still
 - "Breathing" modes (very large molecules): Lowest energy
To prevent energy from being leaked into translations and rotations one must be careful in how they prepare initial conditions and remove translation and rotations every so often.
For example, Amber will remove COM translations (and rotations if a non-periodic simulation) every nscm steps. The default is 1000. The manual also says something interesting about Langevin Dynamics which are NVT simulations
For Langevin dynamics, the position of the center-of-mass of the molecule is reset to zero every NSCM steps, but the velocities are not affected Hence there is no change to either the translation or rotational components of the momenta. (Doing anything else would destroy the way in which temperature is regulated in a Langevin dynamics system.)
You can also ensure you don't have translations and rotations by operating in internal coordinates. But that is very non-standard practice. Boltzamann sampled initial conditions from normal modes can be a good way to generate initial conditions as well, but that is restricted to things you can actually calculate normal modes for, which is typically less than a few hundred atoms and probably not worth your time.
Your Answer


text:
SUNY Impact: Designing and Validating a Research-Based Model for Online SUNY Teaching (MOST)
- Christine Kroll, University at Buffalo
- Ming Chiu, University at Buffalo
- Peter Shea, University of Albany
- Robert Bangert Drowns, University of Albany
- Suzanne Miller, University at Buffalo
- Yik Ting Choi, University of Hong Kong
University at Buffalo
Using advanced statistical analyses of existing online learning data from the SUNY Learning Network, UA/UB will draw insights to develop a new introductory course for Teaching Online in three research-based online modules. We will collect and analyze data evaluating their learning and following enrollees into their first online teaching, supporting them and measuring course effectiveness. This longitudinal study of SUNY online learning will create evidence-based feedback for improving module quality, leading to signature Models of Online SUNY Teaching (MOST!). This evaluation process will be used in additional 1-cr-hr research-based modules created and offered by UA/UB, targeting emerging needs of SUNY online teaching faculty. SUNY faculty taking the initial module will receive a 3-cr-hr head start for UA/UB online certificates in online education. The required capstone inquiry project would direct research on the impact of SUNY MOST on subsequent students, creating sustainable inquiry to generate ongoing improvements.
Curriculum design, teacher education pedagogy and cognitive science reviewed for modules development, along with instructor guides and course materials. Beta release of 2 week, 1 credit courses targeted for spring 2016.


text:
A DUAL MODE K-BAND ANTENNA
Original Publication Date: 1994-Feb-01
Included in the Prior Art Database: 2002-Feb-28
This publication describes a dual mode K-Band antenna for use on spacecraft communications links. A constellation of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satel- lites is being developed for the Iridium7M'SM program which uses communication links between satellites (SV) and Earth stations in the 30/20 GHz commu- nications band. Each SV contains four high data rate K-Band links using gimbaled spot beam anten- nas and one omnidirectional low data rate link. Due to the small size ofthe SV nadir pointing panel, it is difficult to obtain a clear 180" field of view for the omni antennas without interfering with the movea- ble spot beam antennas. Antenna towers are required for the omni antennas to raise them above the spot beam antennas to give the required field of view. For certain combinations of spot beam azimuth and elevation angles, the spot beam antennas point directly at the omni antennas, causing degradat,ion ofboth the omni and spot beam patterns.


Museum of the City of San Francisco
By Subject
By Year
The Gift Shop
Military Governor Mason's Report on the Discovery of Gold
The Discovery – as Viewed in New York and London
The Miner's Ten Commandments - 1853
The Wife's Commandments
1. Thou shalt have no other wife but me.
2. Thou shalt not take into thy house any beautiful brazen image of a servant girl, to bow down to her, to serve her, for I am a jealous wife, visiting, &c.
3. Thou shalt not take the name of thy wife in vain.
4. Remember thy wife to keep her respectably.
5. Honor thy wife's father and mother.
6. Thou shalt not fret.
7. Thou shalt not find fault with thy dinner.
8. Thou shalt not chew tobacco.
9. Thou shalt not be behind thy neighbor.
10. Thou shalt not visit the rum tavern; thou shall not covet the tavern keeper's rum, nor his brandy, nor his gin, nor his whisky, nor his wine, nor any thing that's behind the bar of the rum-seller.
11. Thou shalt not visit billiard saloons neither for worshipping on the dance, nor the heaps of money that lie on the tables.
And the twelfth commandment is, thou shalt not stay out later than nine o'clock at night.
Cleveland Plain Dealer
March 27, 1849
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