Population, age 21, male in Belize was reported at 3342 Persons in 2015, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Belize - Population, age 21, male - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on April of 2021.
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Barley Flour qt to fl-oz converter for culinary teaching and diet.
barley flour conversion
Breadcrumbs: main Flours menubarley flour menuUS quarts
Amount: 1 US quart (qt) of barley flour volume
Equals: 32.00 fluid ounces (fl-oz) in barley flour volume
barley flour from US quart to fluid ounce Conversion Results:
Enter a New US quart Amount of barley flour to Convert From
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Decimal Precision :
Work out fluid ounces of barley flour per 1 US quart unit. The barley flour converter for chefs and bakers, culinary arts classes, students and for home use.
CONVERT : between other barley flour measuring units - complete list.
Conversion calculator for webmasters.
Barley Flour
Convert barley flour culinary measuring units between US quart (qt) and fluid ounces (fl-oz) of barley flour but in the other direction from fluid ounces into US quarts.
Culinary arts school: barley flour conversion
Other applications of this barley flour converter are...
One US quart of barley flour converted to fluid ounce equals to 32.00 fl-oz
How many fluid ounces of barley flour are in 1 US quart? The answer is: The change of 1 qt ( US quart ) unit in a barley flour measure equals = into 32.00 fl-oz ( fluid ounce ) as per the equivalent measure and for the same barley flour type.
Professional people always ensure, and their success in fine cooking depends on, they get the most precise units conversion results in measuring their ingredients. In speciality cooking a measure of barley flour can be crucial. If there is an exact measure in qt - US quarts for barley flour, it's the rule in culinary career, that the US quart portion number gets converted into fl-oz - fluid ounces of barley flour absolutely exactly. It's like an insurance for the master chef for having always all the meals created perfectly.
Conversion for how many fluid ounces, fl-oz, of barley flour are contained in a US quart, qt? Or, how much in fluid ounces barley flour in 1 US quart? To link to this barley flour - US quart to fluid ounces on line culinary converter for the answer, simply cut and paste the following.
The link to this tool will appear as: Culinary barley flour from US quart (qt) into fluid ounces (fl-oz) conversion.


text:
Acronyms that contain the term MSG
What does MSG mean? This page is about the various possible meanings of the acronym, abbreviation, shorthand or slang term: MSG.
We've found a total of 3 shorthands for MSG:
What does MSG mean?
- monosodium glutamate, MSG(noun)
- white crystalline compound used as a food additive to enhance flavor; often used in Chinese cooking

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
National Seed Health System (NSHS)
The NSHS was established by 7 CFR 353.9 . The NSHS specifies standards for laboratory seed health tests and seed crop field inspections used for issuing phytosanitary certificates that meet international regulations pertaining to seed exports from the United States.
State National Harmonization Program (SNHP)
This SNHP for seed potatoes specifies minimum phytosanitary standards to enhance uniformity and quality in seed potatoes shipped between states; enhance marketing of high quality commercial potatoes grown in the U.S.; and enhance international marketing of quality seed potatoes exported from the U.S. Requirements for participants include minimum standards set by State regulatory authorities for certification of seed potatoes to facilitate interstate shipment, export and cooperation in pest management.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


Validation of a pain mechanism classification system (PMCS) in physical therapy practice
Melissa C. Kolski*, Annie O'Connor, Krista Van Der Laan, Jungwha Lee, Allan J. Kozlowski, Anne Deutsch
*Corresponding author for this work
Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review
9 Scopus citations
Fingerprint
Dive into the research topics of 'Validation of a pain mechanism classification system (PMCS) in physical therapy practice'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
INIS
Nursing and Health Professions
Psychology


News Release
Fossils under your feet: Ancient sea cow found in Spanish street
Peer-Reviewed Publication
Society of Vertebrate Paleontology
Paving slabs
image: Paving slabs were scanned in a medical CT scanner to reveal more about the fossils anatomy. Image by Manja Voss and Oliver view more
Credit: Society of Vertebrate Paleontology
SALT LAKE CITY, UT (Oct. 2016) - Have you ever spotted something unexpected while walking down the street? Last December, paleontologists literally stumbled upon a new discovery of a fossil sea cow in a very unexpected place - in a limestone paving stone in Spain! Research presented this week at the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology meeting in Salt Lake City, Utah, describes this remarkable find and how it is changing our understanding of sea cow evolution.
The unusual pavement was spotted in the picturesque town of Girona, northern Spain. A local geologist first noticed the fossil and submitted it to the website '', an online database of urban fossils worldwide. As word of the fossil spread, paleontologists Dr. Manja Voss and Dr. Oliver Hampe, from the Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin, visited Girona to take a look.
Closer inspection of the paving stones by Dr. Voss and Dr. Hampe revealed that the complex array of shapes was slices of the backbone and skull of an ancient marine mammal. Based on the skull and teeth, they concluded that it was a sirenian, or sea cow, a member of a group of large, plant-eating marine mammals represented today by the living manatee and dugong.
Once the significance of the fossil was understood, Dr. Voss and Dr. Hampe worked with the mayoralty of Girona and local geologists to have the 50x30cm large paving stones removed for study. Since the rock was cut into slices to form the paving stones, the paleontologists had a cross-sectional view of the sea cow's skull, revealing many details of its anatomy. However, they also wanted to see inside the stones, so they took them to a medical hospital, the Clinica Girona, where they were CT-scanned.
The scientists discovered that the 'Girona Sea Cow' is most likely a representative of Prototherium, a genus of extinct sea cows from Spain and Italy. However, this find is particularly important because the rocks from which the paving slabs were quarried are 40 million years old, explains Voss. "Hence the find represents one of the oldest sea cows in Europe, making it a unique opportunity to enhance our knowledge on the evolution and diversity of this marine mammal group that arose about 50 million years ago."
Next the scientists will use the CT scans to try to digitally piece together the separate skull slices of Prototherium. This can help them answer more questions, such as the animals' age when it died and its potential relationship to other fossil sea cows.
The Girona Sea Cow, which is providing clues into the evolution of sea cows in the ancient oceans of Europe, shows that fossils can be found in surprising locations. Voss says "While the limestone used to build the city of Girona are enriched by fossils -- it is quite common to identify invertebrates for example--finding a marine mammal on which thousands of people walked over for the last two decades is indeed very peculiar."
Image 1: Scientist Oliver Hampe examines fossil remains of Prototherium in paving stones in Girona, Spain. Image by Manja Voss and Oliver Hampe.
Image 2: The skull of Prototherium exposed on the paving slab, in cross-section, showing parts of snout and tooth sockets. Image by Manja Voss and Oliver Hampe.
About the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology
Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
Manja Voss
Museum für Naturkunde
Leibniz-Institut für Evolutionsund Biodiversitätsforschung
Oliver Hampe
Museum für Naturkunde
Leibniz-Institut für Evolutionsund Biodiversitätsforschung
Daryl Domning
Howard University, Washington DC.
Jorge Velez-Juarbe
Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County
Lars Werdelin
(SVP Media Response Team)


text: This paper reports the results of investigations carried out to determine the microstructure and magnetic properties of some praseodymium-based magnets represented by the formula Pr14Fe63.9-xCo16B6Nb0.1Mx. Bonded magnets were prepared the annealed alloys using the hydrogenation, disproportionation, desorption and recombination (HDDR) process. The HDDR powders were isostatically pressed and bonded with cyanoacrylate adhesive to form permanent magnets. The effect of addition element content on the magnetic properties of these magnets was investigated. The amount of addition has a significant effect on the magnetic behaviour of these bonded magnets.


text:
Simple technique appears to be safe and effective, review suggests
By Robert Preidt
MONDAY, Oct. 15 (HealthDay News) -- A technique called the "mother's kiss" is a safe and effective way to remove foreign objects from the nostrils of young children, according to British researchers.
In the mother's kiss, a child's mother or other trusted adult covers the child's mouth with their mouth to form a seal, blocks the clear nostril with their finger, and then blows into the child's mouth. The pressure from the breath may expel the object in the blocked nostril.
Before using it, the adult should explain the technique to the child so that he or she is not frightened. If the first attempt is unsuccessful, the technique can be tried several times, according to a review published in the current issue of the CMAJ (Canadian Medical Association Journal).
For their report, researchers in Australia and the United Kingdom examined eight case studies in which the mother's kiss was used on children aged 1 to 8 years.
"The mother's kiss appears to be a safe and effective technique for first-line treatment in the removal of a foreign body from the nasal cavity," Dr. Stephanie Cook, of the Buxted Medical Centre in England, and colleagues concluded. "In addition, it may prevent the need for general anesthesia in some cases."
Further research is needed to compare various positive-pressure techniques and test how effective they are in different situations where objects are in various locations and have spent different lengths of time in the nasal passages, the researchers noted in a journal news release.
The U.S. National Library of Medicine has more about foreign objects in the nose.
SOURCE: CMAJ (Canadian Medical Association Journal), news release, Oct. 15, 2012
Copyright © 2012 HealthDay. All rights reserved. URL:_URL_

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Efforts to remedy existential anxiety and the sense of 'homelessness' permeating modern life invariably invoke ideas and practices swirling around dwelling and nostalgia. Geographies probing the materiality of loss and memory have elaborated and critiqued nostalgia in both regressive and progressive postures. We argue that amorphous and sensual qualities of nostalgia make it a propulsive force in dwelling. Moving beyond nostalgia as a representation of, or personal longing for, 'the past' or 'home', we engage historic practice as transpersonal, affective currents coursing through bodies, objects, and things. Nostalgia is an enchantment with distance that cannot be bridged. We explore nostalgic distance vis-a-vis practices in residential historic preservation in the Coronado district in Phoenix, Arizona. Practice, performance, and materiality of historic inhabitation illuminate nostalgic distance as an undertow in the making of historic sensibilities, subjectivities, and places. The elusiveness of nostalgia whispers enchantments, engendering attentiveness to what is near, to sensing closely. Nostalgic practice, performance, and materiality give rise to an everyday aesthetic of pastness, an embodied ethics of care rather than strict adherence to historic preservation codes and guidelines. We contribute to rethinking nostalgia and residential historic preservation as modes of sensing in which all bodies, objects, and things – human–nonhuman, animate–inanimate – have capacities to affect and to be affected.
- Residential historic preservation
- Sensual urbanism
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Geography, Planning and Development
- Cultural Studies
- Environmental Science (miscellaneous)


text:
Yes, I heard it first on a medical television show, denture creams causing zinc poisoning. Can denture creams cause paralysis, numbness, tingling, muscle weakness and other neurological issues? Can zinc poisoning cause neuropathy? The general public may not realize that some of their denture creams do contain zinc. It is the long term, chronic and excessive use of the creams that may have lead to the development of neurological symptoms.
Zinc Poisoning from Denture adhesives:
Zinc is found in the rust prevention coatings of paints, vitamins, zinc oxides, zinc acetate and zinc sulfate. Zinc poisoning usually results from misuse of paints, dyes and ointments, but people did not realize that their denture cream also can poison them. Individuals with ill fitting dentures may have neurological problems from an excessive use of the denture adhesives. In 2008 'Neurology' Journal published a report on denture creams and the risk of zinc exposure. People were reporting using 2 tubes a week for poorly fitting dentures. This is not the recommended usage, people developed neuropathy or other neurological symptoms. A regular tube of denture cream should last 3 to 10 weeks. 'Glaxo Smith Kline' published a consumer advisory on February 18, 2010, warning about a potential health risk associated with long-term, excessive use of GSK's denture adhesives that contain zinc.
Symptoms of Zinc Poisoning
Symptoms of zinc poisoning include numbness and tingling in the hands, loss of sensation or unexplained pain and muscle weakness in legs and arms, a metallic taste in the mouth, and other neurological programs that cause difficulty with walking and balance. Neuropathy is a condition that affects the nerves and can cause the numbness or tingling of extremities with the reduced inability to walk. Severe zinc poisoning reactions require immediate medical help and a call to your poison control center.
Users of dental adhesive creams should have properly fitting dentures and follow the recommended dosage of denture cream found on their packages.
Medline Plus: _URL_
Glaxo Smith Kline: Consumer Advisory (2/18/10): _URL_


text:
To Assess Utility of CT Scanin Patients with Deviated Nasal Septum
CT Scan in Patients with Deviated Nasal Septum
Background: Nasal septum pathology is highly prevalent and septoplasty is a commonly developed surgery. The present study was conducted to assess utility of CT scan in patients with deviated nasal septum. Subjects and Methods: The present study was conducted on 82 patients reported to Department of Radio diagnosis L N medical college and J k Hospital Bhopalfor CT scan of PNS which were diagnosed with DNS. The CT scans were performed with GE 128 slice CT scanner machine. Results: Out of 82 patients, males were 52 and females were 30. Age group 11-20 years had 32, 21-30 years had 20, 31-40 years had 15, 41-50 years had 12 and 51-60 years had 3 patients. The difference was significant (P< 0.05). Common features in patients were headache in 41, nasal obstruction in 74, facial pain in 33, hyposmia in 27 and epistaxis in 11. The difference was significant (P< 0.05). There are six types of deviated nasal septum. Common type were type V in 21, type IV in 20, type VI in 16, type III in 9, type II in 6 and type I in 5. Conclusion: CT scan is useful tool in diagnosis of types of deviated nasal septum.


Ohmic conduction flux of charged species
 This function computes the fluxes due to ohmic conduction appearing in the Nernst–Planck equation. The species charge concentrations are then updated using the explicit scheme \displaystyle c^{n+1}_i = c^n_i +\Delta t \, \nabla \cdot( K_i c^n_i \nabla \phi^n) where c_i is the volume density of the i-specie, K_i its volume electric conductivity and \phi the electric potential.
 extern scalar phi;
 struct Species {
 scalar * c; // A list of the species concentration and their corresponding
 int * z; // valences
 double dt;
 // optional
 vector * K; // electric mobility (default the valence)
 void ohmic_flux (struct Species sp)
 If the volume conductivity is not provided it is set to the value of the valence.
 if (!sp.K) { // fixme: this does not work yet
 int i = 0;
 for (scalar s in sp.c) {
 const face vector kc[] = {sp.z[i], sp.z[i]}; i++;
 sp.K = vectors_append (sp.K, kc);
 scalar c;
 (const) face vector K;
 for (c, K in sp.c, sp.K) {
 The fluxes of each specie through each face due to ohmic transport are
 face vector f[];
 f.x[] = K.x[]*(c[] + c[-1,0])*(phi[] - phi[-1,0])/(2.*Delta);
 boundary_flux ({f});
 The specie concentration is updated using the net amount of that specie leaving/entering each cell through the face in the interval dt
 c[] += sp.dt*(f.x[1,0] - f.x[])/Delta;
 boundary ({c});


text:
Liberals spending $50M to teach K-12 students and their teachers coding
New CanCode program targets students, underrepresented groups
The Liberal government is following up on a 2017 budget promise to spend $50 million to help children learn to code as soon as they start school.
Innovation Minister Navdeep Bains announced the government's new CanCode program, which hopes to train about one million students from kindergarten to Grade 12 coding and other digital skills, during a stop at Microsoft Canada in Mississauga, Ont. on Monday.
The government says they also want to train students, including traditionally underrepresented groups, in coding to prepare them for the future workforce.
The funding also includes training for 63,000 teachers to learn how to incorporate new technology in the classroom.
The money will be divided between a number of projects, including $10 million for Actua, a group that engages Indigenous youth, girls, at-risk youth and young Canadians living in remote areas in science, technology, engineering and math (STEM).
Coding is already part of the curriculum up to Grade 6 in Nova Scotia and taught in New Brunswick.
In 2016, British Columbia announced plans to have mandatory coding for students between Grade 6-9 by September 2018.
Other recipients of the $50 million include:
- The Boys and Girls Clubs of Canada
- Canada Learning Code
- Cybera Inc.
- Kids Code Jeunesse
- Saskatoon Industry Education Council
- Brilliant Labs
- FIRST Robotics Canada
- Let's Talk Science
- Grandir sans frontières
- Science North
- The Learning Partnership
- Pinnguaq Ulnooweg Development Group
- Manitoba First Nations Education Resource Centre Inc
- Fusion Jeunesse Elephant Thoughts Educational Outreach
- Science World


text:
Squares as Intersections
Virtually all squares are intersections, and most have at least four streets leading away from them, some many more. In fact, the more streets that can be brought into a square, the higher the level of foot traffic that can be expected.
In some squares, however, the circulation function takes precedence over the social function, leading to a square that is really more an extensive intersection than a true square. The critical point is the amount of the square that is given over to pedestrians. In the ideal square, it is 100%.
Another important point is the relative width of the incoming streets and the square itself. When, as in some case we will see, the square is no larger than necessary to accommodate broad incoming streets, we are looking at an intersection. In other cases, there may be quite a lot of vehicular traffic arriving via narrow streets; in these cases, there may still be a real square, despite its function as an intersection.
City Design Home


text:
An ESL/ELA Word Search containing 21 nationalities in English.
This Word Search contains the following 21 nationalities: American, Australian, Brazilian, Canadian, Chilean, Chinese, Colombian, Egyptian, English, French, German, Greek, Irish, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Mexican, Peruvian, Portuguese, South African, Spanish.
There are three versions of this word search:
- One worksheet is with NATIONALITIES as clues at the bottom of the sheet.
- One worksheet is with the COUNTRIES as clues at the bottom and where the students need to find the corresponding nationality in the word search.
- One worksheet is WITHOUT clues. There are lines (spaces) where students have to write the nationalities that they have found. This worksheet is good for students that have already seen this topic or are normally fast finishers.
CONTENT: This pack contains 4 Pages:
- Past Tense Irregular Verbs – Word Search with nationalities as clues – Student Version – (1 page)
- Past Tense Irregular Verbs – Word Search with countries as clues – Student Version – (1 page)
- Past Tense Irregular Verbs – Word Search without clues – Student Version – (1 page)
- Past Tense Irregular Verbs – Word Search – Teacher Answers – (1 page)
LEVEL: Beginner (CEFR – A1 Level)
AGE: From 7 years


text:
Hi. can someone please get me started on answering this question.
Elizabeth started with 30 tubs of yeast. At the end of each day, she used a small quantity of yeast to make two additional tubs of yeast, from each tub of yeast that she had. She then sold 50 tubs of yeast.This routine was repeated each day.
A: give the difference equation for generating the number of tubs of yeast at the start of each day.
B: list the number of tubs for the first four days.
C: find the number of tubs of yeast needed at the very start of this procedure so that the number of tubs at the start of each day remained constant.
Thanks in advance


certain length) in space. This helps to understand the direction of a vector in space. To add this helper, use the following code:
 // 1. ArrowHelper
 var directionV3 = new THREE.Vector3(1, 0, 1);
 var originV3 = new THREE.Vector3(0, 200, 0);
 var arrowHelper = new THREE.ArrowHelper(directionV3, originV3, 100, 0xff0000, 20, 10); // 100 is length, 20 and 10 are head length and width
 this.scene.add(arrowHelper);
AxisHelper
It draws an axis object to visualize the the 3 axis in a simple way. The X axis is red. The Y axis is green. The Z axis is blue. This helps to understand the direction of all three axis in space. To add this helper, use the following code:
 // 2. AxisHelper
 var axisHelper = new THREE.AxisHelper(800); // 500 is size
 this.scene.add(axisHelper);
BoundingBoxHelper
It draws a line object to the boundingbox of any object (Object3D) to show the world-axis-aligned bounding box for this object. Remember what we combined the two spheres in the single group object? To add this helper, use the following code:
 // 3. BoundingBoxHelper
 bboxHelper = new THREE.BoundingBoxHelper(group, 0x999999);
 this.scene.add(bboxHelper);
CameraHelper
It draws a specific Object3D object (it looks like pyramid) with line geometry, that helps visualizing what a specified camera contains in its frustum. To add this helper, use the following code:
 // 4. CameraHelper
 var cameraParObj = new THREE.Object3D();
 cameraParObj.position.y = 200;
 cameraParObj.position.z = 700;
 this.scene.add(cameraParObj);
 perspectiveCamera = new THREE.PerspectiveCamera(90, window.innerWidth / window.innerHeight, 0.01, 1500);
 cameraParObj.add(perspectiveCamera);
 var cameraHelper = new THREE.CameraHelper(perspectiveCamera);
 this.scene.add(cameraHelper);
DirectionalLightHelper
It draws a line object to show the direction of a directional light. We will gradually move our source of light for you to see clearly this helper. To add this helper, use the following code:
 // 5. DirectionalLightHelper
 dlightHelper = new THREE.DirectionalLightHelper(dLight, 50); // 50 is helper size
 this.scene.add(dlightHelper);
GridHelper
To see the rest of the helpers, we created the second demo. The next is GridHelper, this helper draws a two-dimensional grid of lines. To add this helper, use the following code:
 var gridHelper = new THREE.GridHelper(500, 40); // 500 is grid size, 20 is grid step
 gridHelper.position = new THREE.Vector3(0, 0, 0);
 gridHelper.rotation = new THREE.Euler(0, 0, 0);
 this.scene.add(gridHelper);
 var gridHelper2 = gridHelper.clone();
 gridHelper2.rotation = new THREE.Euler(Math.PI / 2, 0, 0);
 this.scene.add(gridHelper2);
 var gridHelper3 = gridHelper.clone();
 gridHelper3.rotation = new THREE.Euler(Math.PI / 2, 0, Math.PI / 2);
 this.scene.add(gridHelper3);
Please note, that we created three two-dimensional grid (for all three axis).
HemisphereLightHelper
The rest three helpers are for lights, the HemisphereLightHelper is for HemisphereLight object. We had to turn off our directional light and enable the hemisphere light. To add this helper, use the following code:
 // add hemisphere light
 var hemiLight = new THREE.HemisphereLight(0x0000ff, 0x00ff00, 0.4);
 hemiLight.color.setHSL(0.6, 1, 0.6);
 hemiLight.groundColor.setHSL(0.095, 1, 0.75);
 hemiLight.position.set(-200, 400, -200);
 this.scene.add(hemiLight);
 var hlightHelper = new THREE.HemisphereLightHelper(hemiLight, 50, 300); // 50 is sphere size, 300 is arrow length
 this.scene.add(hlightHelper);
PointLightHelper
Similar to the previous, the PointLightHelper is for PointLight object. To add this helper, use the following code:
 // add point light
 var pointLight = new THREE.PointLight(0xffff00, 1.0);
 pointLight.position.set(300,300,300);
 this.scene.add(pointLight);
 var pointLightHelper = new THREE.PointLightHelper(pointLight, 50); // 50 is sphere size
 this.scene.add(pointLightHelper);
SpotLightHelper
Lastly, we added the spot light: the SpotLightHelper is for SpotLight object. To add this helper, use the following code:
 // add spot light
 var spotLight = new THREE.SpotLight(0xffffff);
 spotLight.position.set(-300,400,300);
 spotLight.castShadow = true;
 spotLight.shadowCameraFov = 60;
 this.scene.add(spotLight);
 var spotLightHelper = new THREE.SpotLightHelper(spotLight, 50); // 50 is sphere size
 this.scene.add(spotLightHelper);
Live Demo
Live Demo 2
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download in package
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Conclusion
Stay tuned for new lessons and you are sure to find something new and interesting for yourself.
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USEFUL PATIENT HANDOUTS AND LEAFLETS
HANDOUT AT TIME OF TEST
Sheets designed to give out to patients after they have had their sample taken to explain the results they will potentially receive as a useful additional tool to ensure patients understand the letters they receive:
Handout at Time of Test - HPV Primary
Handout at Time of Test (Non HPV primary screening practices)

BRIEF SUMMARY OF LIQUID BASED CYTOLOGY SAMPLE TAKING TECHNIQUE
How to take a ThinPrep Liquid Based Cytology Sample
FORMS FOR CEASING AND DEFERRING PATIENTS
Ceasing form
Deferral form
Disclaimer


text:
How To Validate Error Responses in Mocking Services APIs
The implementation of mocking services plays a vital role in design-specific development. Here, we look at them through the lens of behavioral headers.
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The implementation of mocking services plays a vital role in design-specific development. If we are developing any new project or implementing any new functionality by consuming some API's which are still in a development phase, no consumers (front-end developer or any other) of the API will wait until the API is completely developed; they need some mocking service with some sample responses and error responses so they can start their development (assuming front-end dev in this case).
With mocking services, we can easily check what successful response we are getting, but it is quite difficult to validate the error response messages. Like how a mocking service can return an error message corresponding to 500 lines of status code, as there is no server involved.
Fortunately, we have "Behavioral Headers" for this, which we will discuss in this article.
What Are Behavioral Headers?
Behavioral headers enable you to change the behavior of the mocking service. There are some keys and values which you have to pass in the headers to test the expected behavior of mocking service. In this post, we are going to brief some of the Behavioral Headers provided by MuleSoft. If in case, you want to see it in detail, visit the MuleSoft website here.
Without wasting time, let's dive into the basic concepts of Behavioral Headers.
In order to test Behavioral Headers, we need the RAML specification and its Mocking Service URL. So I have created the sample RAML as shown in Figure 1, after publishing makes it public and get the mocking URL which in my case is:
Figure 1 Test of behavioral header
Now in order to hit this, you can use any client; here I have used Postman.
Let us now go through some of the Behavioral headers:
MS2-Status-Code: MS2-Status-Code Behavioral Header will enforce mocking service to return an error response corresponding to a specific HTTP Status code. Suppose you want the mocking service to return an error response corresponding to 500 status code, there is no way to return that, so in order to achieve this, we just need to pass the following attributes in headers:
This you can see in Figure 2 as below:
Figure 2 An example of the ms2-status-code used to identify an error response
Note: If you pass any other value that is not implemented in the mocking service, it will throw an error message. Like in my case, I have not implemented the 404 error code, so when I pass 404 as a value, then it will throw an error message as shown in Figure 3.
Figure 3 404 as a value is passed since a 404 error code has not been implemented
S2-Delay: Suppose we are consuming API using front-end Angular, and we know that some API endpoints can have a delay while returning a response, and want to handle the front-end side by introducing Asynchronous concepts. How will mocking service return that delay? Well, here comes the role of MS2-Delay behavior headers.
It's very simple—you just need to provide one header with an MS2-Delay with time in milliseconds as shown in Figure 4.
Figure 4 MS2-Delay with time in milliseconds
Note: You can only provide a maximum time delay of 10000 ms.
- MS2-Randomize: While writing a mocking service, if we only provide data types and don't want to provide response examples because of any reason (like shortage of time, etc.), but the consumer wants that response, then just by setting true corresponding to MS2-Randomize will generate random responses.
For example, suppose that an API specification contained the definitions of this type:
Now passing MS2-Randomize with true value in headers will generate a random response of something like the code below:
If you have some error in your RAML, but you want to test some other endpoints which are not having errors, you cannot do that until your API doesn't have any errors, because when you invoke the mocking service it will validate your RAML first. If you want to skip the validation for mocking service, you need to set false corresponding to the MS2-Strict-Model-Validation in the Headers part.
We came to know about some Behavioral Headers which are useful while testing the mocking services like testing the specific error response code, introducing some delays, generating random responses, and skipping the validation of RAML.
Opinions expressed by DZone contributors are their own.


text:
Level: ECE, Primary, Junior
Grades: PreK-5 | Age: 2-11yrs | Written by: Andrea Mulder-Slater
[Andrea is one of the creators of KinderArt.com]
Students will use leaves and twigs to create figures.
What You Need:
What You Do:
- Leaves (all shapes, all sizes, all colors).
- Small twigs.
- Construction paper (diffferent colors).
- Have a look at a small pile of leaves to see if their shapes suggest heads, arms, bodies etc.
- Choose some leaves that resemble people parts and glue the shapes down on construction paper. You may need to do some cutting and rearranging to come up with a pleasing shape.
- If you have the leaves (and the time) you could create a huge leaf person by drawing out a body shape and gluing leaves all over to fill in the shape.
- You can use twigs and construction paper scraps to add details to your leaf person.
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5
$\begingroup$
I am sure one has to use indefinite sums and the Euler-Maclaurin formula.
$$\sum_{x=0}^{n} f(x)=\sum_{x}f(n+1)-\sum_{x}f(0)=\int_{0}^{n+1}f(t) \ dt -\frac{1}{2}f(n+1)+\left(\sum_{k=1}^{\infty}\frac{B_{2k}}{(2k)!}f^{(2k-1)}(n+1)\right)+\frac{1}{2}f(0)-\left(\sum_{k=1}^{\infty}\frac{B_{2k}}{(2k)!}f^{(2k-1)}(0)\right)$$
Where $\sum\limits_{x}$ is the anti-difference operator and $B_{2k}$ is the sequence of Bernoulli numbers.
For example with $\tan(x)$I tried the following.
 F[n_] := NIntegrate[Tan[x], {x, 0, n + 1}] - 1/2*Tan[n + 1] +
 Sum[(BernoulliB[2 k] D[Tan[n + 1], 2 k - 1])/(Factorial[2 k]), {k,
 1, 1000}] + 1/2*Tan[0] -
 Sum[(BernoulliB[2 k] D[Tan[0], 2 k - 1])/(Factorial[2 k]), {k, 1,
 1000}]
But this does not work since the integral does not converge fast enough at the asymptotes.
One person told me approximating such a sum works at an interval from $[-\pi/2,\pi/2]$. In such cases how do we extend the rate of convergence.
Can programming be used efficiently in such a process?
$\endgroup$
9
 - $\begingroup$ What have you tried? $\endgroup$
 – JimB
 May 13 '19 at 3:17
 - $\begingroup$ I'm not sure how to perform an anti-difference operator. I'm looking all over for it in the Mathematica documentation. $\endgroup$
 – Arbuja
 May 13 '19 at 13:55
 - $\begingroup$ I found the documentation but it won't work for $\tan(x)$. I will use the approximation. $\endgroup$
 – Arbuja
 May 13 '19 at 14:25
 - $\begingroup$ @JimB Here is what I tried. Could you try generalizing this to all $f(x)$ $\endgroup$
 – Arbuja
 May 13 '19 at 16:59
 - $\begingroup$ I'm afraid my knowledge is not sufficient to generalize this. My role with my initial comment was to attempt to get you to supply some sort of effort on your part with Mathematica code. Folks here generally respond better when an explicit effort is made. (Although, one can sometimes hook someone with no Mathematica effort if you present a very interesting problem.) $\endgroup$
 – JimB
 May 13 '19 at 17:09
3
+50
$\begingroup$
Not a solution but a long comment. tl;dr — I don't think this can be done for $f(x)=\tan(x)$.
One of the conditions for the Euler-Maclaurin formula to work is that the function must be continuous. This is not the case here.
More concretely for this case, using the pigeonhole principle it's easy to see that as $n$ grows larger, some index values $x\in\{0..n\}$ will be arbitrarily close to half-integer multiples of $\pi$, and therefore their contributions to the sum will be arbitrarily large (and quasi-random). As a result, the sum $\sum_{x=0}^{n}\tan(x)$ does wild jumps at quasi-random points, and therefore I do not believe these jumps can be series-approximated by only looking at derivatives around $x=n$, as in the Euler-Maclaurin formula.
Some examples to show the quasi-random behavior. You can see that even for large $n$ this sum has significant structure, and that this structure is different at every scale (i.e., every plot looks different even though I've simply expanded the horizontal axis ten-fold):
pl[n_] := ListPlot[Accumulate[N[Tan[Range[0, n]]]], Frame -> True]
pl /@ (10^Range[6])
enter image description here
$\endgroup$
5
 - $\begingroup$ Regarding your first point, would we not be able to restrict the window in which we approximate, such that we see a continuous function? What I mean is, OP mentions an interval, we can use this, no? $\endgroup$ May 20 '19 at 9:24
 - $\begingroup$ @CATrevillian sure you can use the EML formula to approximate an integral on an interval; but I don't see how that's related to the OP's question. OP mentions an interval but doesn't connect it with the question. $\endgroup$
 – Roman
 May 20 '19 at 9:32
 - $\begingroup$ My mistake! It is still early here. I had read it as asking how to approximate the Tan[x] function using the Euler-Maclaurin Series/Formula, and that since it works at the interval indicated, how do we increase the rate of convergence, i.e. how do we reduce the number of require steps to approximate the function over the interval. Regardless, very nice work here. I enjoy your answers quite a bit, they help myself and my colleagues to learn a great deal :D $\endgroup$ May 20 '19 at 9:44
 - $\begingroup$ @Roman What about a series approximation of the anti-difference of $\tan(x)$, mathoverflow.net/questions/41011/… $\endgroup$
 – Arbuja
 May 21 '19 at 2:39
 - 1
 $\begingroup$ @Arbuja the answer given on the page you link is, in my opinion, an answer only a mathematician can love. The given anti-difference T[x_] = I*x - QPolyGamma[x+π/2, E^(2*I)] indeed technically satisfies DifferenceDelta[T[x], x] == Tan[x], but the function T[x] is itself infinite for almost all $x$ because the $q$-digamma function does not converge for $q=e^{2i}$. In other words, T[x] and T[x+1] are infinite but such that T[x+1]-T[x]==Tan[x]. All this is discussed at length in the comments on the page you link. $\endgroup$
 – Roman
 May 21 '19 at 7:50
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text:
Our river for people and wildlife
Restoring 158 miles of river for shad
The project was inspired by one of the UK's rarest fish. Hundreds of thousands of twaite shad used to migrate up the River Severn to reach their natural spawning grounds. But weirs installed in the mid-19th century blocked this annual migration. Unlocking the Severn has provided fish passage at six barriers on the River Severn and its River Teme tributary. Allowing access around these barriers has restored 158 miles of river habitat, and benefitted a host of other important fish species including salmon and eel.
In 2022, environmental-DNA results confirmed that shad had navigated past all four fish passes on the River Severn. The fish had begun to reclaim key spawning habitats for the first time in almost two centuries!
The Canal & River Trust (lead), Severn Rivers Trust, Environment Agency and Natural England were the partner organizations for delivering this project. Unlocking the Severn was funded by the Heritage Lottery Fund and the EU LIFE Programme, as well as The Waterloo Foundation and the partners.
Reconnecting with our river
Unlocking the Severn involved exciting activities for people of all ages, interests and backgrounds, so that more people could be inspired and learn from the UK's longest river.
Our heritage, education and people-powered science programmes reconnected millions of people with the River Severn. This included working with community groups along the river, over 6000 school children, and creating opportunities for hundreds of volunteers.
Tours of Diglis Island and Fish Pass continue via the Canal & River Trust, welcoming visitors to brand new visitor sites. The unique underwater viewing gallery at Diglis Fish Pass provides a lens into the River Severn, allowing us to watch wild fish making their epic migratory journeys upstream.


text:
Illustrated by Eric Gurney
"I can read it all by myself" is the Beginner Books motto, and behind it is an understanding of how important it is for children to take pride and pleasure in their early reading. These books have been designed to appeal directly to children through the use of humour, rhyme and bright pictures that can be "read" even by the non-reading child. Some Beginner Books are simple stories, others are hilarious nonsense: both types have been designed to give children confidence and make them want to go on reading.
When Sam's new dog learns to dig holes, he can't stop. He digs up gardens, roads, and buildings, and finally digs himself into a hole he can't get out of. The adventures of 'The Digging-est Dog' are certain to appeal to the Beginner reader age group.
- Publication Date:
- 17 / 10 / 1983
- 163 x 225mm


Dodonaea viscosa
Sticky Hop Bush
Family: Sapindaceae
Dodonaea viscosa, the Sticky Hop Bush, is a tall multi-stemmed shrub reaching a height of four metres. The leaves are linear, sticky with a margin that may be entire, slightly wavy and slightly toothed.
Male and female flowers are held on different plants. The male flowers are insignificant whilst the females develop into 3-winged capsules. If fertilised a hard-coated seed is held at the base of each wing. If not fertilised the capsules develop but without seeds.
Spring is the flowering period. At this time, although they are insignificant, the male flowers sometimes attract honey bees in large numbers.
Dodonaea viscosa is separated into seven sub species. Although the subspecies have some botanical differences, horticulturally they are similar.
D. viscosa is a widespread species and is found throughout Australia including Lord Howe Island.
D. viscosa was used by Aboriginal people to treat toothache, cuts and stingray stings. Dodonaeas were also used by early settlers to make beer (hence the common name).
In the garden
The Sticky Hop Bush has attractive foliage and fruits. In fact many Hop Bushes have horticultural potential but unfortunately very few species are in general cultivation.
Propagate from seed or cuttings. Seed should be soaked in boiling water before sowing. We have found that cuttings take root rapidly. Propagating cuttings from female plants will ensure that you will have the attractive capsules.
Other information
The genus is named after Rembert Dodoens, a 16th century Flemish botanist.
By Warren and Gloria Sheather


On the official webcast of SpaceX's Iridium-4 mission a "throttle down and throttle back up of the Falcon 9 first stage engines" is mentioned. Why would one throttle down at a crucial time during steep ascent, way before MECO? Is it to weaken the effect of max Q?
 - 9
 $\begingroup$ For those that aren't regulars on Space.SE, MECO - Main Engine Cut Off, Max Q - Maximum Aerodynamic Pressure. $\endgroup$ – JPhi1618 Jan 3 '18 at 15:40
Yes, exactly that. The engines are throttled up to the highest extent possible during all phases of flight to reduce gravity losses; but must be throttled down during at least two points during flight:
 1. When Falcon passes through Maximum Aerodynamic Pressure (Max-Q) which is a combination of atmospheric density and velocity that puts the greatest strain on the vehicle. This effect is more prominent during Dragon launches due to the frontal shape of Dragon.
 2. As Falcon nears MECO to limit acceleration on the payload, if necessary.
These two flight aspects can be seen very clearly in this exceptionally detailed graph produced by /u/veebay on r/spacex:
enter image description here
The graph on the right hand side shows a reduction in net acceleration for Dragon missions around Max-Q, along with a tailoff in net acceleration just before booster cutoff.
 - 6
 $\begingroup$ Technically, you don't have to throttle down during Max-Q. You could also build a stronger rocket. But you don't want to lift a stronger (and thus heavier) rocket for the entire 2 minutes just because you need strength for literally a couple of seconds, and that's why you opt to throttle down. $\endgroup$ – Jörg W Mittag Jan 3 '18 at 20:19
 - 2
 $\begingroup$ Anything's true if you put it in the right context. Technically you could build a stronger payload too and not need to throttle down prior to MECO, also. But, alas, we live in reality and have technical, physical, and structural constraints, so Falcon does have to throttle down :) $\endgroup$ – ReactingToAngularVues Jan 3 '18 at 21:29
 - 3
 $\begingroup$ Technically, you don't have to do either. You simply have to reduce atmospheric density to reduce the stress incurred during Max-Q. Oh, sorry, thought this was World Building SE. $\endgroup$ – corsiKa Jan 4 '18 at 1:33
 - $\begingroup$ /u/veebay made several more interesting graphs. Worth studying! $\endgroup$ – asdfex Apr 3 '18 at 18:12
Your Answer


500 torr pressure for 30 minutes, or until the sample weight changed by less than 0.005% over a fifteen-minute interval. The pressure was then increased at 500 torr intervals up to a maximum of 5000 torr, with the sample being allowed to equilibrate with the methane gas after each pressure increase. At each pressure, the methane adsorption amount was determined by the weight change of the sample.
The method was repeated using a sample of zeolite SSZ-33 powder.
The method was repeated using a physical mixture of zeolite SSZ-13 powder and zeolite SSZ-33 powder.
The methane uptake by the following zeolites and uniform physical mixtures of zeolites, reported in mmofe/gram, is plotted in Fig. 1.
Fig. 1
The data illustrated in Fig. 1 shows that methane uptake by SSZ-13 at 30°C was greater on a weight basis than that of SSZ-33. The 1:1 mixture of SSZ-13 : SSZ-33 (denoted 0.5SSZ13 in Fig. 1) was intermediate between the methane uptake of the two zeolites alone. However, the 4:1 and 3;1 mixtures of SSZ-13 : SSZ-33 (denoted 0.8SSZ13 and 0.75SSZ13. respectively, in Fig. 1) are shown to have a methane uptake which was equal to, or greater than that of SSZ-13 and SSZ-33 alone.
Example 2
Example 1 was repeated using ethane as an adsorbent. The ethane uptake by the following zeolite samples, reported in mmole/gram, is plotted in Fig. 2.
F
The data illustrated in Fig . 2 shows that the 1 : 1 mixture of SSZ13:SSZ33 (denoted G.5SSZ13) had an ethane uptake at 30°C which was intermediate between that of SSZ- 13 and SSZ-33 alone.
Example 3
Example 1 was repeated using ethylene as an adsorbent. The ethylene uptake by the following zeolite samples, reported in mmole/gram, is plotted in Rg. 3
Rg. 3
The data illustrated in FIg. 3 show that the 3:1 and 1:1 mixtures of SSZ-13 and SSZ-33 had a much higher ethylene uptake at 30° C than that of SSZ-13 and SSZ-33 alone.
We Claim:
1. A process for treating a cold-start engine exhaust gas stream containing hydrocarbons and other pollutants consisting of flowing said engine exhaust gas stream over a combination of molecular sieves which preferentially adsorbs the hydrocarbons over water to provide a first exhaust stream, and flowing the first exhaust gas stream over a catalyst to convert any residual hydrocarbons and other pollutants contained in the first exhaust gas stream to innocuous products and provide a treated exhaust stream and discharging the treated exhaust stream into the atmosphere, the combination of molecular sieves comprising (1) a small pore crystalline molecular sieve or mixture of molecular sieves having pores no larger than 8 membered rings selected from the group consisting of SSZ-13. SSZ-16, SSZ-36, SSZ-39: SSZ-50, SSZ-52 and SSZ-73 molecular sieve and having a mole ratio of at ieast 10 of (a) an oxide of a first tetravalenf element to (b) an oxide of a trivalent element; pentavalent element, second tetravalent element which is different from said first tetravalent element or mixture thereof and (2) a medium-large pore crystalline molecular sieve having pores at least as large as 10 membered rings selected from the group consisting of SSZ-28, SSZ-33,.
SSZ-64, zeolite Beta, CIT-1, CIT-6 and ITQ-4 and having a mole ratio of at ieast 10 of (a) an oxide of a first tetravaient element to (b) an oxide of a trivalent element, pentavalent element, second tetravaient element which is different from said first tetravaient element or mixture thereof,
2. The process of claim 1 wherein oxides (1}(a) and (2)(a) are silicon oxide, and oxides (1)(b) and (2)(b) are independently selected from aluminum oxide, gallium oxide, iron oxide, boron oxide, titanium oxide, indium oxide, zinc oxide, magnesium oxide, cobait oxide and mixtures thereof.
3. The process of claim 2 wherein oxides {1 ){b) and (2){b) are aluminum oxide.
4. The process of claim 2 wherein molecular sieve (1) is SSZ-13, SSZ-39 or mixtures thereof and molecular sieve (2) is SSZ-26, SSZ -33, CIT-1 , Beta. CIT-6 or mixtures thereof.
5. The process of claim 4 wherein molecular sieve (1) is SSZ-13 and molecular sieve (2) is SSZ-28, SSZ-33 or mixtures thereof
6. The process of claim 5 wherein molecular sieve (2) is SSZ-26.
7. The process of claim 2 wherein molecular sieve (1). molecular sieve (2) or both contain a metal selected from Cu. Ag, Au or mixtures thereof.
8. The process of claim 2 wherein the engine is an internal combustion engine.
9. The process of claim 8 wherein the internal combustion engine is an automobile engine
10. The process of claim 1 or 2 wherein the engine is fueled by a hydrocarbonaceous fuel.
11 . The process of claim 1 or 2 wherein the molecular sieve has deposited on it a metal selected from the group consisting of platinum, palladium, rhodium, ruthenium, and mixtures thereof,
12 The process of claim 1 1 wherein the metal is platinum.
13 The process of claim 11 wherein the metal is palladium,
14. The process of claim 1 1 wherein the metal is a mixture of platinum and palladium.
15 A process for removing methane from a gaseous hydrocarbon stream comprising passing a methane-containing hydrocarbon stream over an adsorbent comprising a small pore crystalline molecular sieve and a medium-large pore crystalline molecular sieve at a temperature in the range of 1OC to 75C and recovering a product stream with reduced methane content, wherein the weight ratio of the molecular sieves in the adsorbent is in the weight range of 5:1 to 2:1 of small pore/ medium-large pore crystalline molecular sieve
18. The process of claim 15 wherein the small pore crystalline molecular sieve is SSZ-13 and the medium-large pore crystalline molecular sieve is SSZ-33.
17. A process for removing ethylene from a gaseous hydrocarbon stream comprising passing a ethylene-containing hydrocarbon stream over an adsorbent comprising a small pore crystalline molecular sieve and a medium-large pore crystalline molecular sieve at a temperature in the range of 10C to 75C and recovering a product stream with reduced ethylene content, wherein the weight ratio of the molecular sieves in the adsorbent is in the weight range of 5:1 to 1 '2 of small pore/medium-large pore crystalline molecular sieve
18. The process of claim 17 wherein the small pore crystalline molecular sieve Is SSZ-13 and the medium-large pore crystalline molecular sieve is SSZ-33,
19. The process of claim 17 wherein the weight ratio of the molecular sieves in the adsorbent is in the weight range of 6:1 to 2.1 of small pore/ medium-large pore crystalline molecular sieve.
Documents:
Patent Number 258754
Indian Patent Application Number 1366/MUMNP/2009
PG Journal Number 06/2014
Publication Date 07-Feb-2014
Grant Date 05-Feb-2014
Date of Filing 20-Jul-2009
Name of Patentee CHEVRON U.S.A. INC.
Applicant Address 6001 BOLLINGER CANYON ROAD 3RD FLOOR SAN RAMON CALIFORNIA
Inventors:
# Inventor's Name Inventor's Address
1 ZONES STACEY I 1874 9TH AVENUE SAN FRANCISCO CALIFORNIA 94122
2 WILLIAMS CABRAL M. 5454 NEW CASTLE DRIVE #1821 HOUSTON TEXAS 77081
3 RUFAEL TECLE S. 811 ROBINS WAY STAFFORD TEXAS 77477
4 BURTON ALLEN W. 91 BAYSIDE COURT RICHMOND CALIFORNIA 94804
PCT International Classification Number B01D 53/02
PCT International Application Number PCT/US2007/088752
PCT International Filing date 2007-12-22
PCT Conventions:
# PCT Application Number Date of Convention Priority Country
1 11/961,_PHONE_-20 U.S.A.
2 60/882,_PHONE_-27 U.S.A.


text:
Book: Forensic Science: in Pursuit of Justice Author: L. E. Carmichael Publisher: Abdo Publishing Date: 2015 Genre: science; for grades 7-12, ages 12-17 Pages: 112; hardcover Price: $35.00 My rating: Fascinating subject very well presented to understand
Forensic Science: in Pursuit of Justice is a book I purchased at the children's book fair I attended in 2016. I had a lovely chat with the author, Lindsey Carmichael, and was quite impressed. She has a collection of books she's written, for most she had to do serious research to cover the topic – and she loves the research. This book – one of a series – required much of that.
Although for many people the topic of forensic science is far from what they would like to read about, I find it fascinating. This book is put together so expertly that it will be appealing to many.
Forensic Science: in Pursuit of Justice focuses mainly on the ways science has become vital in solving many crimes. Fingerprinting, DNA testing, the insects found at different times on human remains that help to determine time of death – it all fascinates me – and this book does not disappoint in going into detail. The author has added side bars of information, for example, one that informs the reader that the same forensic techniques used to investigate crimes against people can be applied to investigate crimes against wildlife. Here are others …
Here are the chapters:
- DNA Fingerprinting
- Bodies of Evidence
- Chemical Clues
- Firearms Analysis
- Written in Blood
- No More Mistaken Identity
- Never Without a Trace
- From Page to Screen
- The Future of Forensics
- Essential Facts
- Additional Resources
- Source Notes
- About the Author
The author delves into the history of forensic science and describes its use in actual events, including previously unsolved crimes, missing persons cases, toxicology information, the CSI (Crime Scene Investigation) aspect, and so much more. The photography throughout this book is bold and effective, adding superb descriptive detail.
Lindsey Carmichael's writing is easy to understand as she lays out a very complex subject in an organized, accurate way that is totally absorbing.
Forensic Science: in Pursuit of Justice could be the book that inspires a young person's interest in this vital field. There is so much amazing information contained in this book, from the earliest days of recorded methods to present digital forensics. The timeline included at the back of the book starts with 44 BCE when the first recorded autopsy was performed on murder victim Julius Caesar! For readers of any age Forensic Science: in Pursuit of Justice will definitely answer questions regarding criminal investigation.
You can find Forensic Science: in Pursuit of Justice by L. E. Carmichael on my BUY THE BOOK page.
Thanks for reading, and … Creative Musings! 🙂


text:
Selective caller ID using a prefix dial code
Protel v5 PBX systems have the ability for selected extension users to choose the caller ID number that their outbound call will present. This feature is only available on Protel systems that have the optional "CallerIDSelection" plugin installed.
OVERVIEW & NAVIGATION
Extension users that have this feature enabled are allowed to add a prefix string to their outbound dial in order to assign a particular caller ID to the call. Each possible caller ID number is identified with a unique prefix code. This code must be at least one numerical digit in length, up to a maximum of four digits, and the prefix string MUST end with a "*" character ("star" or "asterisk"). The list of codes and caller ID assignments is maintained in the PBX on this administrative page: Phone Numbers > Caller ID Codes. Permission to access this feature must be enabled for each user that needs it, on this page: Phone Numbers > Caller ID Code Extension Enables. A PBX reload is required after adding or modifying Caller ID codes and permission assignments.
When dialing an outbound call, the user adds the prefix code that corresponds to a desired caller ID number. For example, if code 46 has been assigned to caller ID number _PHONE_, the user dials 46*[10-digit phone number] to present the outbound call as having originated from _PHONE_. If no prefix code is added to the dial string, caller ID will be presented based on the default number assigned to the outbound SIP trunk, or based on the override number assigned to the extension, if there is one. The caller ID behavior applies to one call only. The next call placed from that extension will revert to normal behavior unless a prefix string is added when dialing the call.
There are some rules regarding this feature that a PBX administrator needs to be aware of:
- Caller ID numbers can only be assigned to prefix codes if the desired phone number already exists in the PBX database. A complete list of phone numbers that are currently registered in the PBX can be viewed at Phone Numbers > DIDs. You can use CTRL-F on this page to quickly find a phone number. If the number you wish to use as caller ID is not listed, you will need to add it from the DIDs page first.
- Prefix codes can be as short as one digit, up to a maximum of four digits. Leading "0" (zero) characters are allowed. All codes must end with the * character. The system will add this character automatically if you don't enter it. IMPORTANT NOTE: you must not use a code that is already in use for another PBX feature. If you inadvertently duplicate an existing feature code, you will see an error message when you try to apply a PBX reload, and your reload will fail. You can view the set of feature codes currently in use on your PBX at this page: Features > Feature Codes.
- Permission to access this feature is DISABLED for all extension users by default. You will need to ENABLE it for any user that needs it on this page: Phone Numbers > Caller ID Code Extension Enables
12/16/2015 Caller ID override for 911
note: a complete guide to 911 programming is posted here We are pleased to announce that an additional tool has been deployed in Protel LTS that further refines the ability to route 911 calls by allowing you to override the trunk default or ...
by Ben Logan Network Technician WIlkes Communications, Inc Wilkesboro, NC With voice quality issues, where you get the capture from is critical. Let's say there's a PBX at point A, switches at points B and C and the problematic phone is point D. ...
2/18/2016 Dial-by-name and paging groups on hosted PBX
Two popular features from our Protel LTS premise PBX products have now been added to the Protelity LTS hosted platform. Dial-by-name directory and group paging are now active and working. Dial-by-name directory is accessed by assigning a keypress ...
How to Control Extension Forwarding Automatically using Timing Function
Scenario: Extension user wants their calls forwarded to a cell phone automatically, on a schedule based on day of week/time of day. These instructions are written with extension 105 as an example. Replace 105 with the actual extension number you ...
Agent Control Group Function - Logging into Multiple Queues with one code
Protel Update 2/14/2020: ACD (Queue) Agent login codes can now cover multiple queues. This update has added the ability for a single agent to log into multiple queues using one set of codes. Important note: Existing users of queues and dynamic ...


Retailers: Log in for price
ScrumBrawl is a board game where players control fantastic creatures vying for supremacy within the Arena, scoring goals by maneuvering various types of enchanted orbs into portals set within the Arena or fighting other creatures to the death to prevent them from reaching the portals. The 100-card deck contains fifty creatures with different characteristics that determine how the creature interacts with the orbs (throw accuracy, catching ability, and throwing range), how fast a creature can move, and how effective it is in battle. Many creatures also have unique magic abilities that can be used to manipulate gameplay.
When players summon creatures, corresponding creature tokens (miniature cards that stand erect in cardstands) enter the 20x20 square gameboard, known as the Arena, where the orb and portal tokens await the contestants. In a four-player game, players may compete in teams of two. Goals are scored by creatures that maneuver an orb token onto a portal token by picking up, carrying, handing off, and throwing the orb with their creature tokens.
Enchantment cards can be played on creatures to grant them enhanced stats or new abilities as well as make them hardier in combat. Event cards, such a Lightning Storms or Fumbles can change the flow the game in seconds forcing players to constantly rethink their strategies for scoring or engaging in combat.
2-4 players. 60 minute playing time.
Publisher: VicTim Games


Data Management
Displaying money values in currency format in SQL
Arthur Fuller responds to a reader who sent him a question recently asking how to display currency amounts in currency format. Check out the solution he offers for the reader's problem.
A reader sent me a question recently in which he wanted to know how to display currency amounts in the format we commonly refer to as currency. (I realize how geo-centric this is, so I will attempt to be world-centric in my response to the reader's question.)
Let's use the Northwind database as our testbed. Consider the following SQL request:
USE Northwind
 Quantity * UnitPrice AS Amount
FROM [Order Details]
This request results in a set that looks like Listing A (which is an abbreviated list). This delivers the correct answers yet not in the desired format. We can alter the look of the money columns, but there is a cost of sorts. For instance, the statement in Listing B delivers what we want (i.e., amounts formatted as currency).
The reader also wanted to know how to get the currency sign prepended to the amount, e.g., $1,320.00. Given the revised statement in Listing B, this is not difficult to do, as you can see here:
USE Northwind
 '$' + CONVERT(varchar(12), Unitprice, 1) AS Unitprice,
 '$' + CONVERT(varchar(12), Quantity * UnitPrice, 1) AS Amount
FROM [Order Details]
Listing C shows how this results in the desired display. I should add one additional proviso that isn't apparent. Style 1 works only on the data types money and smallmoney. Therefore, if you ever store your data in another type, then you can do a double-convert, like this:
CONVERT(varchar, CONVERT(money, YourFieldName), 1)
Why display money values in currency format?
Now that we've created what the reader requested, you may be asking yourself: Why would you want to display money values in currency format?
Assuming that the output target is Query Analyzer, then it makes sense to want your format to look more attractive. But how many users in your organization actually use Query Analyzer to do their jobs? My guess is fewer than five. Most users opt for applications written in Microsoft Access,.NET, Excel, or Delphi, whose formatting functions surpass T-SQL's by a long shot. T-SQL is not designed for elaborate formatting, but rather efficient delivery of the underlying data.
However, you may have a legitimate reason to deliver the data in this format; if so, there is a cost of sorts. The column as delivered is no longer money or even numeric, so you can't perform arithmetic functions (i.e., average, sum, min, max, etc.) within it. If you require such operations, you will have to add the actual column to the SELECT statement, and then perform the operations on that column.
Why offer server code instead of client code?
T-SQL provides solutions to this display problem as illustrated above, but are these the right solutions for your situation? The bottom line here is separation of the front from the back end.
Most of the time, your solution to this problem lies in client code rather than SQL code. However, I recognize that there are some situations in which it is best handled in server code. For example, Access, VB, and.NET offer the Format() function, which handles this problem nicely. This won't always work; for example, you might be feeding a text file into some program that is expecting money amounts to be displayed in exactly one way.
So, if you do need the server code, now you have it. But before you implement it, realize the cost as described above.
Editor's Picks


.resource_id is not None:
 try:
 self.client().<entity>.delete(self.resource_id)
 except Exception as ex:
 self.client_plugin().ignore_not_found(ex)
 return None
 return self.resource_id
For this to work for a particular resource, the entity and default_client_name attributes must be overridden in the resource implementation. For example, entity of Aodh Alarm should equals to "alarm" and default_client_name to "aodh".
handle_delete_snapshot(self, snapshot)
Delete resource snapshot.
Parameters
snapshot – dictionary describing current snapshot.
Returns
a token containing sufficient data to verify the operations status
Raise
any Exception if the delete operation failed
handle_snapshot_delete(self, state)
Called instead of handle_delete when the deletion policy is SNAPSHOT. Create backup of resource and then delete resource.
Parameters
state – the (action, status) tuple of the resource to make sure that backup may be created for the current resource
Returns
a token containing sufficient data to verify the operations status
Raise
any Exception if the delete operation failed
check_delete_complete(self, token)
Verify the delete operation completed successfully.
Parameters
token – the return value of handle_delete or handle_snapshot_delete (for deletion policy - Snapshot) used to verify the status of the operation
Returns
True if the delete operation completed and the physical resource is deleted; False otherwise.
Raise
any Exception if the delete operation failed.
check_delete_snapshot_complete(self, token)
Verify the delete snapshot operation completed successfully.
Parameters
token – the return value of handle_delete_snapshot used to verify the status of the operation
Returns
True if the delete operation completed and the snapshot is deleted; False otherwise.
Raise
any Exception if the delete operation failed.
Resource Dependencies
Ideally, your resource should not have any 'hidden' dependencies, i.e. Heat should be able to infer any inbound or outbound dependencies of your resource instances from resource properties and the other resources/resource attributes they reference. This is handled by heat.engine.resource.Resource.add_dependencies().
If this is not possible, please do not simply override add_dependencies() in your resource plugin! This has previously caused problems for multiple operations, usually due to uncaught exceptions, If you feel you need to override add_dependencies(), please reach out to Heat developers on the #heat IRC channel on FreeNode or on the openstack-discuss mailing list to discuss the possibility of a better solution.
Registering Resource Plug-ins
To make your plug-in available for use in stack templates, the plug-in must register a reference name with the engine. This is done by defining a resource_mapping function in your plug-in module that returns a map of template resource type names and their corresponding implementation classes:
def resource_mapping():
 return { 'My::Custom::Plugin': MyResourceClass }
This would allow a template author to define a resource as:
resources:
 my_resource:
 type: My::Custom::Plugin
 properties:
 # ... your plug-in's properties ...
Note that you can define multiple plug-ins per module by simply returning a map containing a unique template type name for each. You may also use this to register a single resource plug-in under multiple template type names (which you would only want to do when constrained by backwards compatibility).
Configuring the Engine
In order to use your plug-in, Heat must be configured to read your resources from a particular directory. The plugin_dirs configuration option lists the directories on the local file system where the engine will search for plug-ins. Simply place the file containing your resource in one of these directories and the engine will make them available next time the service starts.
See Configuring Heat for more information on configuring the orchestration service.
Testing
Tests can live inside the plug-in under the tests namespace/directory. The Heat plug-in loader will implicitly not load anything under that directory. This is useful when your plug-in tests have dependencies you don't want installed in production.
Putting It All Together
You can find the plugin classes in heat/engine/resources. An exceptionally simple one to start with is random_string.py; it is unusual in that it does not manipulate anything in the cloud!
Resource Contributions
The Heat team is interested in adding new resources that give Heat access to additional OpenStack or StackForge projects. The following checklist defines the requirements for a candidate resource to be considered for inclusion:
 - Must wrap an OpenStack or StackForge project, or a third party project that is relevant to OpenStack users.
 - Must have its dependencies listed in OpenStack's global-requirements.txt file, or else it should be able to conditionally disable itself when there are missing dependencies, without crashing or otherwise affecting the normal operation of the heat-engine service.
 - The resource's support status flag must be set to UNSUPPORTED, to indicate that the Heat team is not responsible for supporting this resource.
 - The code must be of comparable quality to official resources. The Heat team can help with this during the review phase.
If you have a resource that is a good fit, you are welcome to contact the Heat team. If for any reason your resource does not meet the above requirements, but you still think it can be useful to other users, you are encouraged to host it on your own repository and share it as a regular Python installable package. You can find example resource plug-ins that have all the required packaging files in the contrib directory of the official Heat git repository.


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now() gives me
datetime.datetime(2010, 7, 6, 5, 27, 23, 662390)
How do I get just datetime.datetime(2010, 7, 6, 5, 27, 0, 0) (the datetime object) where everything after minutes is zero?
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3 Answers
up vote 21 down vote accepted
dt.replace( second=0, microsecond=0)
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Note that this is just a value and does not alter dt - if that's what you want then also assign it back to dt. – John Mee Jun 30 '11 at 4:00
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You can use datetime.replace to obtain a new datetime object without the seconds and microseconds:
the_time = datetime.now()
the_time = the_time.replace(second=0, microsecond=0)
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or the_time= datetime.now().replace(second=0, microsecond=0) – tzot Aug 4 '10 at 11:05
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I know it's quite old question, but I haven't found around any really complete answer so far.
There's no need to create a datetime object first and subsequently manipulate it.
dt = datetime.now().replace(second=0, microsecond=0)
will return the desired object
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text:
Coquerel's Sifaka Baby
It's the Year of the Lemur at the Sacramento ZooMar 30, 2012
The Sacramento Zoo is welcoming its newest residents: a baby Coquerel's Sifaka (CAHK-ker-rells she-FAHK) born on February 4th weighing 115 grams, and a baby Mongoose Lemur that was discovered the morning of
Friday March 30th. There are only eight AZA-accredited facilities that house the fewer than 60 endangered Coquerel's Sifaka, while 17 AZA-accredited facilities house the fewer than 60 endangered Mongoose Lemurs in the U.S. To help preserve these vanishing species, the Sacramento Zoo takes part in Species Survival Plans® (SSP) initiated by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA), to cooperatively manage specific, and typically threatened or endangered species, populations in accredited institutions.
"Both births are significant at the Sacramento Zoo and to lemur populations" said Harrison Edell, General Curator. There are between 1,000 and 10,000 Mongoose Lemurs left and potentially less than 10,000 Coquerel's Sifaka living in the wild.
Knowing that both lemurs were going to be first time moms and that their due dates were nearing, staff had been keeping an eye out for any significant changes in the mothers' behavior. The sifaka mother and baby are bonding in their habitat across from the Conservation Carousel and the Mongoose Lemur baby can be seen on exhibit with its mother and father.
Both Coquerel's Sifaka and Mongoose Lemurs are native only to the island of Madagascar off the southeastern coast of Africa, although the Mongoose Lemur was introduced to the Comoro Islands of Moheli and Anjouan roughly 200 years ago. Newborn sifaka ride on their mother's belly for the first month, then graduate to riding on her back. By two months of age, they have learned the basics of leaping. By about six months of age, they claim the treetops as their own. Young reach adult size at one year. Coquerel's Sifaka are among the most endangered of the sifaka
species – habitat loss due to deforestation is the leading threat. They have a unique brown and white coloration, and are distinguished from other lemurs by the way they move. They maintain a very upright posture. Using only their back legs, they leap through the treetops, easily leaping more than 20 feet in a single bound. On the ground they spring sideways off their back feet to cover distance.
All Mongoose Lemur infants are born with female coloration and; males, change coloration within six to eight months. The infant is carried around the mother's waist and is weaned between five and seven months.
Mongoose Lemurs tend to live in small groups of three to four consisting of a mature pair and their immature offspring. The Ankarafantsika Reserve is the only protected area in Madagascar for the Mongoose Lemur.
AZA Members: Submit your Zoo & Aquarium News


text:
|Rebuilding the Altar of the Temple|
The stones of the original Altar were stored within the Hall of the Fire, a large structure built into the northern wall of the Courtyard. The main purpose of the Hall was to serve as sleeping quarters for the watch of Kohanim currently on duty and it also provided them a place to warm themselves during the day, a necessary amenity since they had to walk around barefoot on cold marble floors as they performed the sacrificial service. The large warming fire located here gave it its name.
|Chamber of Receipts. Three of the original|
Altar stones are displayed above the fireplace.
In each of the four corners of Hall of the Fire were smaller chambers. The northeast contained the Chamber of Receipts where the Kohanim would issue receipts to individuals purchasing wine, oil, and flour from the Temple treasury. It was in this chamber that the stones of the Altar were stored. Now, it was impossible to fit a volume of stones the size of the Altar into this very small chamber. It is therefore likely that this chamber had a massive basement within the tunnels beneath the floor of the Courtyard where the large majority of the stones were stored, while some of the stones were left on display in the chamber upstairs to serve as a reminder of the miraculous events of the Chanukah story.


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I have a function that returns float results in the interval [0.0, 1.0]. I would like to visualize the results using color ranging from red for 0.0 to green for 1.0 (maybe through yellow for 0.5). How could I do that? Thanks!
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up vote 3 down vote accepted
I think the simplest way is to work in HSL/HSB (hue saturation lightness), where the hue values 0-33% of the maximum will map to the range red-orange-yellow-green. The advantage of working is HSL (vs RGB) is that the resulting color range will be much better-looking (eg bright yellow in RGB contains a pinch of blue).
So basically you will create a value based on a constant S and L value, and a H that corresponds to
your_value * (1/3 of the maximum H value, often 255)
and then transform that value back to RGB for display. Don't know Python (shame on me) but apparently the colorsys module can do this transformation for you.
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That did exactly what I was looking for. Thanks a bunch! – mathias Jul 12 '11 at 8:07
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Assuming you have a way to present RGB values represented as 3-tuples (R,G,B) in the range of 0..1, it sounds like you want to go from: (1, 0, 0) to: (0, 1, 0).
You can just use: rgbs = [(1-i,i,0) for i in your_floats]
Then use any graphics library to visualize these 3-tuples as actual RGB colors.
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text:
Transit times for water in a small till catchment from a step shift in the oxygen 18 content of the water input
1996 (English)In: Water resources research, ISSN 0043-1397, E-ISSN _PHONE_, Vol. 32, no 12, 3497-3511 p.Article in journal (Refereed) Published
A 6,300-m(2) catchment in SW Sweden was covered by a roof and irrigated by deacidified lake water. The delta(18)O of lake water differed from that of soil water and groundwater in the catchment, making it possible to follow the replacement of old (preirrigation) water by new (irrigation) water. After 7.5 months of irrigation the old water in the catchment had been replaced by new water. The breakthrough curve for new water gave a nearly exponential distribution of flow corrected transit times, with a mean transit time corresponding to a runoff of 54 mm. The estimated outflow of old water by runoff and evapotranspiration, 186 mm, compared well with independent estimates of the water storage at the onset of irrigation, 205 mm. The spatial pattern of the delta(18)O of soil water and groundwater within the catchment demonstrated the strong influence of the topography on the water flow.
Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
1996. Vol. 32, no 12, 3497-3511 p.
IdentifiersURN: urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-140523ISI: A1996VW15300008OAI: oai:DiVA.org:uu-140523DiVA: diva2:383733


text:
High-throughput mass spectrometry technologies, such as surface enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-ToF-MS), generate large sets of complex data. The high dimensionality of these datasets poses analytical and computational challenges to the task of spectrum classification. In this paper, we describe a fast pattern recognition system for SELDI-ToF mass spectra, which hones in on spectrum subsets with high discriminatory power. The system incorporates a new filter for removal of common characteristics and noise. Our method is demonstrated on a set of 215 SELDI-ToF mass spectra of serum samples from ovarian cancer patients. We show that our system can extract the discriminatory subsets, and that the use of the new filter improves classification accuracy and computational speed.
|Number of pages
|Proceedings of the IEEE Annual Northeast Bioengineering Conference, NEBEC
|Published - 2003
|Proceedings of the IEEE 29th Annual Northeast Bioengineering Conference - Newark, NJ, United States
Duration: Mar 22 2003 → Mar 23 2003
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
- General Chemical Engineering


text:
Advantages and Disadvantages of Demat Account
As the trading world has shifted to the online space, it has become more and more accessible to the average investor accompanied by several useful tools and platforms.
A large part in this shift is played by the process of Dematerialisation, which has made it easier than ever for traders to hold and trade in their securities. However, like all concepts associated with trading, Demat accounts necessitate a closer look at its pros and cons.
What is a Demat Account?
Dematerialisation is the process by which physical securities are converted into electronic format. One of the prime benefits of Demat accounts is it serves a similar function to the one that is served by a bank account to store your money. Each Demat account comes with a specific account number and password to ensure security. Each transaction made with the Demat account also comes with its transaction password.
The various advantages of demat accounts are:
- Securities in Demat accounts can be stored in an electronic form, which makes the process of holding and transacting convenient and hassle-free.
- They have greatly reduced the risks associated with holding securities in physical forms like - forgeries, theft, fake securities.
- Demat accounts also allow instant transfer of securities. Hence, as soon as a trader spots a favourable opportunity, a transfer or transaction in securities can be made quickly.
- With Demat accounts, if you should choose so, you can buy or sell even a single share.
- As a trader, not only can you open a demat account online but also update important account information such as a change of address without having to reach out to multiple companies.
- Demat accounts are also a great all-in-one account for holding many different types of securities like - investments in both equity as well as debt instruments, and also use it to hold mutual funds and gold ETFs.
With the advantages, there are some disadvantages too, which include:
- Demat account holders are required to pay an annual maintenance charge. This charge applies to the trader even if there is only a single share held in the Demat account.
- As opposed to dealing with physical securities, trading in electronic securities might seem somewhat difficult and even complex to those new to the world of online trading.
While Demat accounts might seem to present a challenge to certain traders, for the most part, their pros outweigh their cons. If you too would like to make the most of this essential trading tool, consider opening a Demat account online with IIFL, wherein investors and traders can avail an all-in-one account through which you can trade in multiple securities online from anywhere.


text:
The Irish Hare
Credit: Mike Rendle
The Irish hare Lepus timidus hibernicus is the only species of lagomorph native to the island of Ireland. Carbon dating of cave fossils has shown that hares were present in Ireland as far back as 30,000 BP. This species is now thought to have continuously inhabited Ireland since before the last ice age.
The Irish hare's unique morphology, ecology and behaviour as compared to other mountain hares seem to be the result of genetic adaption over a period of at least 30,000 to 60,000 years. Consequently the Irish hare possesses a high number of unique genetic characters that are not shared by any other hare species outside of Ireland. This suggests the current Irish hare population could be the only remaining descendants of an older genetic lineage that was probably common in Europe prior to the last Ice age. So although the Irish hare is currently classified as a sub-species of the mountain hare there is now compelling evidence that it should be given species status in its own right.
The Irish hare is about the same size as the mountain hare (Lepus timidus scoticus). Coat (pelage) colour varies, even within the same group, from russet brown to light brown or blond. There are two moults and the coat can vary throughout the year, developing white patches. Its fur does not normally change to white in winter although it can become lighter and greyer. Colour change in Irish hares is more prevalent in very severe winters. Few Irish hares turn completely white but all white specimens have been reported and some have gained a place in folklore.
Irish hares and brown hares (Lepus Europeaus) may be difficult to distinguish in the field due to the variations in pelage and tail colour. As with the mountain hare, the black tipped ears of the Irish hare are shorter than those of the brown hare The upper surface of the brown hare's tail is always dark, while the Irish hare's tail may be white or dark in colour.
Irish hares can be found from hill-top to sea-shore and there are reports of them grazing on sea-weed. However, they are most likely to be found in "unimproved" areas of species rich vegetation and tall plants such as rushes. This provides not only food but also cover and shelter where they can lie up during the day, out of sight of predators.
Irish hares appear to be relatively solitary animals for most of the year with a limited range and dispersal. Studies have produced figures of between 10 and 40 hectares as the Irish hare's typical range. Although not highly social, Irish hares exist as local populations, some of which have now become extinct.
Irish hares breed throughout most of the year, with leverets recorded from January through to November. With a gestation period of 52 days and a lactation of around 6 weeks, this means that females (does or jills) may be in an active breeding phase at any time. Irish hares are thought to have up to four litters a year of between one and four leverets, the average being two. 75% of the leverets are unlikely to survive their first year of life. Like the brown hare, Irish hares do not breed in their first year.
Irish hares have been in serious decline since the early 1900's owing to changed farming practices, especially mechanised grass cutting. Their persecution for sport may also have had a major impact. The Ulster Wildlife Trust has warned that hare hunting and coursing "may prove to be the final straw for some of the more isolated populations." In an article on 23 May 2005, the Irish Independent placed the Irish hare alongside the corncrake and the marsh fritillary butterfly as species under severe threat in Ireland.
Credit: Mike Rendle
Organised hare coursing has now been banned in Northern Ireland but remains widespread in the Irish Republic. Throughout Ireland, the Irish hare remains a quarry species and may be hunted with guns or dogs despite evidence of on-going long term decline. The most robust time series survey data available suggests that hare numbers have declined in Northern Ireland by around 50% over a six year period between 2004 and 2010.
Historically large colonies, such as those at Aldergrove near Belfast and Bull Island near Dublin have also declined. Rathlin Island, off the North Coast of Ulster, remains a stronghold for Irish hares. It is home to the Rathlin 'golden hare', which displays a distinct genetic variation producing individuals with blue eyes.
Brown hares were introduced to Ireland by landowners in the 19th century. These appear to have died out although a small population exits in North West Ulster. It is not know if these individuals are descendants of the original imported hares or the result of a more recent introduction. Irish hares and brown hares may interbreed but the degree of threat to the future of the native Irish hare population is unknown.
Irish hares were also introduced to Mull from Ireland, although it's not clear when this took place. DNA taken from hares on Mull has verified their heritage.


and since sa^3=constant, then s\propto T^3. Thus,
\dfrac{dY}{dt}=T^3\langle \sigma v\rangle \left( Y_{EQ}^2-Y^2\right)
Now, we can introduce a new time variable, say
Then, we calculate
For a radiation dominated (RD) Universe, \rho\propto T^4 implies that H\propto T^2 and H(x)=-\dfrac{H(m)}{x^2}
In this case, we obtain
with \lambda=\dfrac{m^3\langle \sigma v\rangle}{H(m)}
The final freeze out abundance is got in the limit Y_\infty=Y(x\longrightarrow \infty). Typically, \lambda >>1, and when Y_{EQ}\sim 1 and Y\approx Y_{EQ}, for x>>1, and there, the yield drops exponentially
\dfrac{dY}{dx}\approx \dfrac{\lambda Y^2}{x^2}
\dfrac{dY}{Y^2}\approx \dfrac{\lambda dx}{x^2}
Integrating this equation,
\displaystyle{\int_{Y_f}^{Y_\infty}\dfrac{dY}{Y^2}=\int_{x_f}^\infty \dfrac{\lambda}{dx}{x^2}}
and then
Generally, Y_f>>Y_\infty and the freeze out temperature for WIMPs is got with the aid of the following equation
Indeed, n\langle \sigma v\rangle= H\longrightarrow x_f\sim 10
A qualitative numerical solution of the "WIMP" miracle (and its freeze out) is given by the following sketch
DMyieldWIMPmiracleThe present abundance of heavy particle relics gives
\rho_X=mY_\infty T_0^3\left(\dfrac{a_1T_1}{a_0T_0}\right)^3\approx \dfrac{mY_\infty T_0^3}{30}
and where the effect of entrpy dumping after the freeze-out is encoded into the factor
\left(\dfrac{a_1T_1}{a_0T_0}\right)^3 with \left(\dfrac{g_\star (0)}{g_\star (f)}\right)^3\approx \dfrac{1}{30}
Moreover, the DM energy density can also be estimated:
\Omega_X=\Omega_{DM}=\dfrac{x_f}{\lambda}\dfrac{mT_0^3}{30\rho_c}=\dfrac{H (m) x_fT_0^3}{30m^2\langle \sigma v\rangle\rho_c}
\Omega_X=\left[\dfrac{4\pi^3Gg_\star (m)}{45}\right]^{1/2}\dfrac{x_fT_0^3}{30\langle \sigma v\rangle \rho_c}=0\mbox{.}3h^{-2}\left(\dfrac{x_f}{10}\right)\left(\dfrac{g_\star (m)}{100}\right)^{1/2}\dfrac{10^{-39}cm^2}{\langle \sigma v\rangle}
The main (current favourite) candidate for WIMP particles are the so called lightest supersymmetric particles (LSP). However, there are other possible elections. For instance, Majorana neutrinos (or other sterile neutrino species), Z prime bosons, and other exotic particles. We observe that here there is a deep connection between particle physics, astrophysics and cosmology when we talk about the energy density and its total composition, from a fundamental viewpoint.
Remark: there are also WISP particles (Weakly Interacting Slim Particles), like (superlight) axions and other exotics that could contribute to the DM energy density and/or the "dark energy"/vacum energy that we observe today. There are many experiments searching for these particles in laboratories, colliders, DM detection experiments and astrophysical/cosmological observations (cosmic rays and other HEP phenomena are also investigated to that goal).
See you in a next cosmological post!


text:
The National Huguenot Society
Bloomington, Minnesota. The National Huguenot Society is an organization devoted to: 1. Coordinating activities of member societies, and promoting and supporting fulfillment of their common purposes which include: a. perpetuating the memory and promoting the principles and virtues of the Huguenots; b. commemorating the great events of Huguenot history; c. collecting and preserving historical data and relics illustrative of Huguenot life, manners, and customs; 2. To give expression to the Huguenot tenets of faith and liberty, and to promote their understanding for the good of the United States; 3. To encourage and foster the organization of new member Societies within states, territories of the United States, and the District of Columbia where none currently exist.


text:
Santanu Banerjee, Soumen Shaw, Basudeb Mukhopadhyay
The present paper deals with the memory response on thermal disturbances emanating from a cylindrical cavity in an unbounded thermoelastic solid. Here we have theoretically demonstrated the memory response of thermal disturbances in the generalized magneto-thermo-elastic materials. Firstly, the characteristics of thermoelastic disturbances originated from the cavity in an unbounded elastic solid under the light of generalized magnetothermoelasticity theory with memory dependent derivatives (MDD). For numerical computation, cylindrical-polar coordinate system with radial symmetry subjected to two different types of heat sources into the cavity are considered. An integral transform method and, while in inverse transformation, an efficient and pragmatic NILT (Numerical Inverse Laplace Transform) is adopted. Finally, parameter studies are performed to evaluate the effect of the kernel function and time delay. For thermal wave the results show appreciable differences with those in the usual magneto-thermoelasticity theory.
Thermal memory, Memory dependent derivatives, Generalized magneto-thermoelasticity, Heaviside function, Delta function, Eigen function expansion method
Cite this paper
Santanu Banerjee, Soumen Shaw, Basudeb Mukhopadhyay. (2020) Memory Dependent Thermal Response in Generalized Magneto-thermoelastic Medium Having a Long Cylindrical Cavity. International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, 5, 70-81