text:
The main difference between flannel and plaid is that flannel is a type of fabric, while plaid is a type of pattern or design.
Most people confuse flannel with plaid because most flannel materials, especially flannel shirts, come with a plaid design. Therefore, most assume that these are the same, but this is not so. Flannel is a soft woven fabric, while plaid is a chequered pattern.
Key Areas Covered
1. What is Flannel
– Definition, Features
2. What is Plaid
– Definition, Features
3. Relationship Between Flannel and Plaid
– Outline of Common Features
4. Difference Between Flannel and Plaid
– Comparison of Key Differences
Fabrics, Flannel, Plaid
What is Flannel
Flannel is a soft woven fabric, usually made of wool or cotton and slightly milled and raised. It's a warm and comfortable fabric. Due to these properties, most of us use it for winter apparel. This fabric can be brushed to create extra softness or remain unbrushed.
Flannel is commonly used for bed sheets, blankets, sleepwear, and tartan clothing. As mentioned above, plaid patterns are the most common designs in flannel. However, flannel fabrics are also available in a wide range of solid colours as well as patterns.
There are several types of flannel as baby flannel, Ceylon flannel, cotton flannel, and diaper flannel. Baby flannel is used for children's wear while diaper flannel is used for making cloth diapers. Ceylon flannel is a blend of wool and cotton, whereas cotton flannel is a cotton fabric napped on one side or two sides.
What is Plaid
Plaid is actually a pattern or design that you see on fabric. It's a classic fabric staple. In a plaid design, you will note stripes with different widths crossing each other and making squares. In other words, it's a fabric with a crisscross pattern formed by vertical and horizontal bands of colours. These stripes or bands are of different colours. You can observe this design on anything and everything, from bed linen to pyjamas and shirts to wrapping paper.
Most importantly, we can notice this pattern in many fabrics like flannel, seersucker, and gingham. However, flannel is the most common fabric using plaid designs. Plaid has its origins in Scotland, with tartans and kilts. This is why we sometimes use the words plaid and tartan interchangeably. In such a case, plaid refers to a chequered pattern on a twilled cloth, typically made of wool.
Relationship Between Flannel and Plaid
- Many flannel fabrics come with a plaid pattern. This is why most people confuse flannel and plaid. It's important to remember that these are not the same.
Difference Between Flannel and Plaid
Flannel is a soft woven fabric, usually made of wool or cotton and slightly milled and raised while plaid is a pattern of squares and lines on fabric.
While flannel is a type of fabric, plaid is a type of pattern or design.
Pattern vs Fabric
Flannel may come in solid colours and various patterns while plaid pattern may be available on different types of fabrics like gingham and seersucker.
Flannel is a soft woven fabric, while plaid is a pattern of squares and lines on fabric. Therefore, the main difference between flannel and plaid is that flannel is a type of fabric, while plaid is a type of pattern or design.


Page last updated at 16:07 GMT, Friday, 6 June 2008 17:07 UK
Missile practice for Moon mission
By Judith Burns
BBC News
Penetrator missiles were fired into a wall of sand at 1,100km/h (700mph)
Tests on a UK-led technology at the heart of a planned Moon mission have been a spectacular success, according to the experts involved in the project.
Three penetrator missiles were fired into a sand bunker in Wales, designed to mimic the lunar surface.
Professor Alan Smith, of the Mullard Space Science Laboratory, told BBC News the results had exceeded expectations.
He is a leading figure in the Moonlite mission, which hopes to fire instruments into the Moon in 2013.
A BBC team witnessed the final day of the tests at the Ministry of Defence (MoD) test site at Pendine, near Tenby.
The site has been open since 1940 but is now operated by Qinetiq, the privatised MoD spin-off company which developed the penetrator technology.
Three projectiles were tested on three consecutive days at the end of May.
They look like missiles but, rather than exploding on impact, they are designed to stay intact to protect the scientific instruments inside.
An animation of the penetrator missile hitting the lunar surface
The Moonlite mission plans to fire four penetrators into the lunar surface from an orbiting spacecraft. They will come to rest three metres (10ft) underground.
The onboard instruments will send back a mass of information, everything from seismic activity and mineral composition to the underground temperature.
Sand blasted
Security at Pendine was tight - we had to show passports to gain entry. The high-speed test track is set in a large area of sand dunes paradoxically full of birds and flowers.
Professor Alan Smith explains how the penetrator missiles are tested
It's a hard hat site; during the firing itself, all staff must take cover. We were actually confined to the control centre.
Earlier, we saw scientists loading instruments into the third and final penetrator to be tested.
The purpose of the test firings was to check how well the penetrators would withstand being slammed into several tonnes of sand at 1,100km/h (700mph) and whether the instruments inside would survive.
The difference between the penetrators that had already been fired and the one that had yet to be tested was striking.
The blue paint on the fired ones was scraped off and the steel nose cones were distorted.
But despite their battered appearance, Peter Truss of Qinetiq confirmed that they had done their job and protected the instruments inside: "our confidence is growing with every test".
Qinetiq not only contributed to the missile derived design of the penetrators themselves, but to the batteries and communication systems they will carry.
Ultimately, the plan will be to apply this technology to other rocky planets and moons in the Solar System, particularly to Jupiter's icy moon Europa, which may have an ocean below its frozen surface.
Other candidates include Saturn's moons Titan and Enceladus.
Deep space
Until now, missions have only been able to scrape the surface of other planets.
"We're developing the technologies now to enable a much more in-depth analysis of these planetary bodies and with the increase in technology that we can apply to these problems, all sorts of possibilities open up," explained Peter Truss.
Graphic of a penetrator missile (Image: MSSL/UCL)
The other advantage of penetrators is that it's easier to fire into a rocky planet than to land gently on the surface.
Loading and safety checks complete, the penetrator was driven out to the test track. This stretches 1,500m through the sand dunes but the penetrator and its rockets were strapped to a firing sled 300m from the target.
We retired to the control room and looked on as scientists waited anxiously for the final countdown. When it came, the firing shattered the quiet with a reverberating bang. There were cheers from the scientists at the completion of the last test.
Then it was time to break cover and head down to the sand bunker with a metal detector and some shovels to locate the penetrator and dig it out. Researchers measured how far it had pushed into the sand and collected samples.
In each test, the penetrators described a curved trajectory upwards through the sand, ending up only slightly below the surface.
Intruigingly, they also turned the sand they touched black, possibly as a result of its high coal content reacting to the heat.
Speaking later, back at the Mullard Space Science Laboratory, Professor Smith said Nasa and the European Space Agency were showing interest.
"The results have been spectacular and the space agencies are sitting up and taking notice," he said.
"Before now it had all been on paper. Now we have real hardware to show them."
Britain's Moon shot takes shape
06 Jun 08 | Science/Nature
EADS seeks Surrey Satellite deal
07 Apr 08 | Science/Nature
Ministers consider UK astronauts
14 Feb 08 | Science/Nature
Britain plans first Moon mission
10 Jan 07 | Science/Nature
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Java Design Pattern
I'm new to design. I have a small project where java classes use dummy data when not connected to a server. I have a condition in a class that switches between dummy data and server data depending on a flag. Is there a better way to accomplish this?
+3
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5 answers
Instead of manipulating your code with an "if" statement, you should write an interface that defines all the methods needed to communicate with the server, and reference that interface instead of a specific implementation. Then, your "dummy data" implements this interface.
The advantage of this is that your code will be written in a way that is independent of the server implementation. This will allow you to modify data on the server without changing the client implementation.
+4
source
You need a data access object, or an object that acts as a proxy between the requesting program and the data.
You ask the DAO for data and based on its configuration, it responds with your server data or other data. Other data could be new instances of classes, data from text files, etc.
In this image , "Business Object" is your program, "Data Access Object" is a reconfigurable gatekeeper, Transfer Object "is an object representation of the requested data, and" Data Source "is the interface you previously used for data access When the Data Access Object is in place, it's easy to add code to it to "select" the correct data source (DummyDataSource, FileDataSource, JDBCDataSource, etc.).
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I would recommend using the store pattern to encapsulate your data layer. Create an interface for the repository and create two concrete implementations, one for dummy data and one for server data. Use the Factory pattern to create your repository. Factory will return the correct concrete Repository implementation based on whether you are connected or not.
+1
source
Proxy_pattern is the best fit for your use.
In short, a proxy is a wrapper or agent object invoked by the client to access the real service object behind the scenes.
enter image description here
You can find an explanation for the example here with tutorial examples:
Sample Proxy Template Design-tutorialspoint.com
Look below articles
oodesign proxy
proxy training point
example of creating a proxy server
dzone proxy example
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If you want a design pattern, then the State pattern is what you need.
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All Articles


text:
You must login before you can run this tool.
CENEMS is a user-friendly tool that computes the surface charge density distribution on the surface of the conductors in a multi-conductor system. CENEMS contains a graphical user interface which will allow users to design multi-conductor systems, including drawing conductors, specifying applied voltage and discretization level (the higher the level, the finer the discretization) for the conductors. After running the simulation, users can immediately see the surface charge density distribution on the conductors. CENEMS solves the exterior potential problem and computes the surface charge density by using boundary integral equations and a Boundary Cloud Method (BCM).
Cite this work
Researchers should cite this work as follows:

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


TestHost on MP02
Revision as of 18:34, 5 April 2017 by Terry Gillett (talk | contribs) (Initial draft)
(diff) ← Older revision | Latest revision (diff) | Newer revision → (diff)
Introduction
The SECN TestHost firmware is designed to support automated testing of SECN devices. The system uses a TestHost device and a Device Under Test (DUT).
The TestHost device periodically queries the DUT via HTTP in order to execute a test script on the DUT to collect test data which is returned to the Host.
The Host then adds further data such as time and date, and updates a test log file which can be accessed via the HTTP server on the TestHost.
The DUT can be running any firmware that supports a http server, and requires only the addition of two files - a CGI script and a Shell script - so that the operation of the installed firmware is not significantly altered by the testing.
Test Host Basic Operation
1. To run a test session, the TestHost device runs a shell script '/bin/testhost.sh' with arguments for the IP address of the DUT, and the number of minutes for which the test is to be run e.g.
 # /bin/testhost.sh 10.130.1.20 60
This command will cause the script to look for a DUT at '10.130.1.20' and then run the tests for 60 minutes.
The script loops each minute, sending a 'wget' HTTP request to the DUT at the URL 'http://<DUT_IP_Address>:/cgi-bin/test.html'
Note: If the IP address is specified as 127.0.0.1 then the test will be run on the TestHost device itself.
2. The CGI script on the DUT calls a shell script '/bin/testscript.sh' which runs whatever tests are required on the DUT and assembles the test results into a string which is returned to the TestHost as the response to the 'wget' request.
Typical tests run on the DUT might include a ping test to a specific network address to check connectivity, CPU performance, and signal strength measurement. If the device is equipped with sensors then the sensor data might also be collected.
The 'testscript.sh' file can be easily edited to include whatever tests are required.
3. The 'testhost.sh' script on the TestHost device receives the response to the 'wget' request containing the test data from the DUT, and then runs further tests locally. These tests might include getting a time/date stamp for the log entry, signal strength measurements, ping tests or getting sensor data such as temperature.
The 'testhost.sh' file can be easily edited to include whatever tests are required.
The results of these tests are then added to the results from the DUT and used to create a new entry in the test log file '/tmp/testlog.txt'. This file is linked to '_URL_' so that a browser pointed to the URL
 'http://<TestHost_IP_Address>/testlog.txt'
will show the current contents of the test log.
Software
1. TestHost Firmware
SECN TestHost firmware built specifically for the MP02 device is identified as 'MP02-TH' and is available on the VillageTelco Downloads page.
The SECN TestHost firmware may be installed in the normal manner, and the device will appear on the IP address '10.130.1.1'
The Ethernet WAN port is active, and the mesh interface is running, so the DUT can mesh with the TestHost and access the upstream network. A DUT running default SECN configuration will have a LAN Gateway IP address pointing to '10.130.1.1' and so will be able to use the TestHost as a gateway.
2. DUT Scripts
The two scripts for the DUT are available as a patch 'DUT-patch.tar.gz' which may be uploaded and installed using the Patch facility on the SECN Firmware Upgrade page.
Alternatively the two script files may be installed manually on the DUT in the appropriate directories. These files both require execute permissions.
Sample Code
1. TestHost Script
 #! /bin/sh

 # /bin/testhost.sh Script to run on TestHost device

 # Setup DUT IP address and time to run
 DUT=$1
 MAXMINS=$2

 # Check for the DUT
 if !(ping -c 1 $DUT &> /dev/null)
 then
 echo ""
 echo "Unable to ping DUT IP address"
 echo ""
 exit
 fi

 # Set up www link to testlog file
 touch /tmp/testlog.txt
 if [ ! -e /www/testlog.txt ]; then
 ln -s /tmp/testlog.txt /www/testlog.txt
 fi

 # Initialise the testlog file
 DATE=$(date)
 echo "Log start: $DATE " > /tmp/testlog.txt
 echo "DUT: $DUT Duration: $MAXMINS mins" >> /tmp/testlog.txt
 echo "" >> /tmp/testlog.txt

 echo ""
 echo "Log start: $DATE "
 echo "DUT: $DUT Duration: $MAXMINS mins"
 echo ""

 # Start test run
 SEC=$(date +"%S")
 mins=0

 while [ $mins -le $MAXMINS ]
 do
 SEC=$(date +"%S")
 # Run on the minute
 if [ $SEC == "00" ]; then
 # Increment the minutes counter
 mins=$(( mins+1 ))

 # Run tests on DUT and get results string
 TESTSTR=$(wget -q -O - http://$DUT/cgi-bin/test.html)

 # Get local test data
 TEMP=$(/bin/gettemp.sh)
 DATE=$(date +"20%y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
 RSSI=$(iw dev wlan0-1 station dump | grep "signal avg:"|cut -f 3|cut -d " " -f1,3)

 # Save to test log file
 echo "$DATE Temp: "$TEMP"C RSSI: $RSSI $TESTSTR" >> /tmp/testlog.txt
 echo "$DATE Temp: "$TEMP"C RSSI: $RSSI $TESTSTR"
 sleep 50
 fi
 sleep 1
 done

 echo "Test run completed" >> /tmp/testlog.txt

 echo ""
 echo "Test run completed"
 echo ""

 exit

2. DUT Test Script
 !# /bin/sh

 # /bin/testscript.sh Script to run on DUT

 # Run tests

 # Test 1. Ping Internet address
 if ping -c 1 8.8.8.8 &> /dev/null
 then
 PING1="OK"
 else
 PING1="FAIL"
 fi

 # Test 2. Get CPU usage
 CPU=$(uptime|cut -d "," -f2|cut -d ":" -f 2)

 # Output the test results string
 echo "Ping: $PING1 CPU: $CPU "

 exit
DUT CGI Script
 #!/bin/sh

 # /www/cgi-bin/test.html

 # For compatibility with uhttpd
 echo -en "Content-type: text/html\r\n\r\n"

 # Call main test script
 /bin/testscript.sh


3.2.6 Directors
The FCA requires all societies' rules to state how the board of directors will be appointed and removed, and similarly, how the officers of the board will be appointed and removed, and the arrangements, if any, for paying directors. Under society legislation the minimum age for directors is 16.
The good governance of a society depends on having an active board, elected by the members, to oversee the affairs of the society. In electing a board, members are delegating their sovereign powers to this body. The directors are accountable to the membership, and are responsible for supervising the managers and executive staff who run the business. Societies, except for charitable societies, can choose to have a mix of executive and non-executive directors, or opt for an exclusively non-executive board, serviced by executive staff. The directors of charitable community benefit societies have a duty to act solely in the interest of the charity and must prevent conflicts of interest from affecting their decisions. This means they cannot receive any payment or benefit without authority, so it is unusual for charities to have executive directors on the board (see _URL_ ).
Consideration needs to be given to the size of the board, its composition, and the length of service of directors. Usually the size of the board is expressed in terms of a minimum and maximum number of directors, typically between three and 12. Some multi-stakeholder societies have rules that reserve a set number of places on the board for different membership categories. Societies may also have rules that allow the board to co-opt directors with specialist or professional skills. Most societies require directors to either retire or seek re-election after a defined period, typically three years, usually on a rotational basis so that no more than a third of the board are standing for election, thus allowing for some continuity of membership.
As a matter of good practice most societies, including charitable community benefit societies, will pay directors out-of-pocket expenses. Some societies also pay directors a fee commensurate with the services they provide. Charitable community benefit societies should follow the guidance provided by their national charity regulator on this matter, and ensure that their rules are compatible with this guidance.
Societies must have rules to remove directors. Usually this is a power held by a simple majority vote of members at a general meeting. Societies will normally have rules for removing directors who have been declared bankrupt, or are deemed medically incapable of carrying out their duties. Some societies have rules to remove directors if they fail to attend a minimum consecutive number of meetings.
The rules must also address the appointment of officers. All societies are obliged by law to appoint a secretary. Other officer posts, such as treasurer, chair and vice-chair, are at the discretion of the society. Other discretionary rules include provisions for the proceedings at board meetings, focusing mainly on quora and the role of the chair and the use of electronic media to conduct remote meetings.


text:
Climate: East New Britain
The climate here is tropical. East New Britain has a significant amount of rainfall during the year. This is true even for the driest month. This climate is considered to be Af according to the Köppen-Geiger climate classification.
|Tropical rainforest climate||6||Af||Kokopo, Keravat, Rabaul, Umoa, Open Bay|
Kokopo has a tropical climate. In Kokopo there is a lot of rain even in the driest month. The climate here is classified as Af by the Köppen-Geiger system. The average annual temperature in Kokopo is 25.8 °C | 78.4 °F. The rainfall here is around 2413 mm | 95.0 inch per year.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
The construction of almost 34 kilometres of a new sewerage network in the municipalities of Hodějice, Němčany, Křižanovice, Heršpice and Nížkovice na Vyškovsku and the construction of a common wastewater treatment plant in Hodějice is a project of a voluntary union of the Ligary Municipalities.
We have built a separate sewerage network which means that we have left the original sewers and added new wastewater sewers. The retained parts of the original sewerage system are now used to drain rainwater.
In the predominant part of the town residential area, there is a gravity drainage. Due to the configuration of the terrain, the system includes 11 pumping stations located in the lowest sewer catchment areas. The whole system can be controlled and monitored using a computer from a control room located in the waste water treatment plant.
Architecturally, the wastewater treatment plant was designed to fit properly into the landscape but at the same time to be resistant to flood discharge up to the hundred-year water level. The capacity of the wastewater treatment plant was designed for 4 600 equivalent inhabitants. The project included the construction of a technological line for wastewater treatment in the mechanical and biological cleaning set.
The total cost of the construction amounted to 352 million CZK. The project is co-financed by European Union funds – Operational Programme Environment, State Environmental Fund of the Czech Republic, South Moravian Region and investor's resources, Voluntary Association of the LIGARY Municipalities.
|Amount||352 million CZK|
|Investor||Dobrovolný svazek obcí Ligary s dotační podporou|


This documentation is archived and is not being maintained.
CRecordset::m_nFields
Contains the number of field data members in the recordset class; that is, the number of columns selected by the recordset from the data source.
The constructor for the recordset class must initialize m_nFields with the correct number. If you have not implemented bulk row fetching, ClassWizard writes this initialization for you when you use it to declare your recordset class. You can also write it manually.
The framework uses this number to manage interaction between the field data members and the corresponding columns of the current record on the data source.
Caution note Caution
This number must correspond to the number of "output columns" registered in DoFieldExchange or DoBulkFieldExchange after a call to SetFieldType with the parameter CFieldExchange::outputColumn.
You can bind columns dynamically, as explained in the article "Recordset: Dynamically Binding Data Columns." If you do so, you must increase the count in m_nFields to reflect the number of RFX or Bulk RFX function calls in your DoFieldExchange or DoBulkFieldExchange member function for the dynamically bound columns.
For more information, see the articles Recordset: Dynamically Binding Data Columns (ODBC) and Recordset: Fetching Records in Bulk (ODBC).
Header: afxdb.h
Show:


text:
An Empirical Investigation into the Relationship Between Computer Self-Efficacy, Anxiety, Experience, Support and UsageJournal of Computer Information Systems
AbstractOrganizations make significant investments in information technology. However, if individuals do not use information system applications as anticipated, successful implementation can be hard to achieve. In order to investigate some key factors thought to affect an individual's use of information technology, this study draws on Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory (SCT), Triandis's Theory of Interpersonal Behavior (TIB), and the computer anxiety literature to develop its conceptual model and research hypotheses. An empirical investigation (n=978) found support for the majority of the hypotheses. As suggested by SCT, experience and support were positively related to computer self-efficacy, and computer self-efficacy was negatively related to anxiety and positively related to usage. As suggested by TIB, experience was positively related to usage. Furthermore, computer anxiety was negatively related to experience. By providing insight into these important relationships, this research can help further understanding of their role in the acceptance and use of information technology.
Copyright2003 by Mary Helen Fagan, Stern Neill, and Barbara Ross Wooldridge.
Citation InformationMary Helen Fagan, Stern Neill and Barbara Ross Wooldridge. "An Empirical Investigation into the Relationship Between Computer Self-Efficacy, Anxiety, Experience, Support and Usage" Journal of Computer Information Systems Vol. 44 Iss. 2 (2003) p. 95 - 104
Available at: _URL_


text:
What General Information Do I Need To Know About This Position?
Salary: $62,415 (Step 01) to $81,135 (Step 10); NOTE: First time hires to the Federal Government are typically hired at the Step 01.
There is one vacancy; however, this announcement may be used to fill additional vacancies if they become available.Learn more about this agency
As a Biologist within the California Water Science Center, some of your specific duties will include:
-Work collaboratively with science team members conducting fundamental research and monitoring of water quality and phytoplankton communities in San Francisco Bay and its tributary rivers.
-Apply understanding and knowledge of scientific principles to assist with quality control, analyses, publication and presentation of biological and water quality data.
-Help adapt and maintain sampling and filtering equipment and supplies for aquatic research, and troubleshooting instrument and sampling issues that arise.
Research cruises: -Prepare and organize equipment and supplies for research cruises in the San Francisco Bay-Delta.
-Participate in research cruises, carefully follow pre-established protocols to collect, filter and otherwise process water samples used to characterize chemical character and the phytoplankton ecology (e.g. chlorophyll a, suspended particulates, phytoplankton taxonomy)
-Cruise participation requires 1-2 overnight stays per month on board a research vessel equipped with sleep accommodations
-Act in official USGS crewmember capacity when aboard the research vessel.
Data management: -Enter, compile, and tabulate data from field collections and laboratory analyses using spreadsheet protocols to calculate results.
-Use R programming language for data management and statistical analyses.
-Report final analytical results in spreadsheet and document format in a timely manner.
-Conduct on-going evaluation of field and laboratory data quality, identifying erroneous data and using established procedures to rectify low quality problems.
Laboratory analysis: -Perform standard analyses of water samples for microalgal pigments, suspended particulate matter, and dissolved oxygen with high precision and accuracy. Analyses include chemical solution preparation and safe chemical handling.
-Track each sample through the different analytical procedures and maintains on-going tracking record.
-Run, maintain, and calibrate laboratory instrumentation including fluorometers, potentiometric autotitrators, and precision analytical balances.
Participate in field surveys aboard a large (100 foot) research vessel for a period of 1-4 days.
Perform fieldwork under potentially adverse conditions such as poor weather, work on slippery and uneven surfaces, and extreme ship motion.
Job family (Series)
This job originated on _URL_. For the full announcement and to apply, visit _URL_ Only resumes submitted according to the instructions on the job announcement listed at _URL_ will be considered.


text:
Oracle 11g – Virtual Columns – to publish derived column values without storing them. And more…
Oracle 11g introduces Virtual Columns. "What do we need Virtual Columns for, aren't real ones more useful?" you might wonder. And what are they to begin with?
A virtual column is a construct that looks like a column when you describe or query a table, when you inspect meta-data, when you define indexes and constraints (except for primary key constraints). If it walks and talks like a Column, doesn't that mean that it is a column? Well, normal columns actually store values. Virtual Columns do not! All they store is their definition. And when indexed, they have values – their expression evaluated – stored in the index. Note: virtual columns can not be set in insert and update statement – no surprise there!
If you are familiar with the concept of Function Based Indexes, you may have seen something that is very close to the Virtual Column (see _URL_ and especially the section One more thing…) – Virtual Columns seem to be little more than the exposure of the the system generated column for a Function Based Index-es.
Virtual Columns are useful in those situations where values derived from the real column values are frequently required, yet would be a denormalization in the data design when implemented as real column. In the EMP table, this applies for example to INCOME (the sum of SAL and COMM), HIREYEAR (the year component of the HIREDATE). Using Virtual Columns will reduce the need for Views to provide derived column values.
Jonathan Lewis (_URL_ ) suggests another good use for Virtual Columns: so we could have the benefit of correct statistics for commonly used expressions without the need to create the index. [ One of the commonest root causes of errors in the calculations made by the Cost Based Optimizer is the use of incorrect data types (e.g. dates stored as numbers). In the past I have occasionally been able to work around such problems by creating "function-based indexes" - which I prefer to call "indexes involving virtual columns".
But if you don't really need (or want) to create new indexes it's a nasty maintenance overhead simply to get improved statistics. With a little luck the 11g implementation will allow us to add virtual columns to existing 3rd party tables in a way that doesn't affect any bad code in the application but allows predicates involving functions to be rewritten by the optimizer as predicates against virtual columns.]
You can use all columns (but not virtual columns) in the table on which the Virtual Column is defined. You can include function calls in the Virtual Column definition, either standard SQL functions or deterministic user defined functions. You can build an index – and therefore also a Unique Constraint – on Virtual Columns.
The easiest example around:
alter table emp ADD (income AS (sal + nvl(comm,0))) /
Here we add a new column INCOME to the EMP table, specifying it as a VIRTUAL COLUMN through the use of AS (column expression).
This column is henceforth available in USER_TAB_COLUMNS, DESC EMP and all queries against EMP.
SQL> desc emp Name Type ------------------------------- EMPNO NUMBER(4) ENAME VARCHAR2(10) JOB VARCHAR2(9) MGR NUMBER(4) HIREDATE DATE SAL NUMBER(7,2) COMM NUMBER(7,2) DEPTNO NUMBER(2) INCOME NUMBER SQL> select empno 2, ename 3, sal 4, comm 5, income 6 from emp 7 / EMPNO ENAME SAL COMM INCOME ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- 7369 SMITH _PHONE_ ALLEN _PHONE_ 7521 WARD _PHONE_ 7566 JONES 2975 2975 7654 MARTIN _PHONE_ 2650 7698 BLAKE 2850 2850 7782 CLARK 2450 2450 7839 KING 5000 5000 7844 TURNER 1500 0 _PHONE_ ADAMS _PHONE_ 7900 JAMES _PHONE_ MILLER _PHONE_ 7788 SCOTT 3750 3750 7902 FORD 3000 3000 14 rows selected.
Updating the salary column automatically'refreshes' the Virtual Column. Well, querying the Virtual Column after the update renders a freshly calculated result:
SQL> update emp 2 set sal = sal * 1.25 3 where ename = 'MARTIN' 4 / 1 row updated. SQL> SQL> select empno 2, ename 3, sal 4, comm 5, income 6 from emp 7 where ename = 'MARTIN' 8 / EMPNO ENAME SAL COMM INCOME ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- 7654 MARTIN 1562.5 _PHONE_.5 1 row selected.
Virtual Columns and Constraints
Perhaps somewhat surprising, Virtual Columns can be used in Check Constraints (Foreign Keys – like Unique and Primary Keys – are also supported.). See here an example:
alter table emp add constraint emp_income_ck check ( income < 8000) / update emp set sal = sal * 2 / update emp * ERROR at line 1: ORA-02290: check constraint (SCOTT.EMP_INCOME_CK) violated
This Check Constraint is enforced whenever INCOME is changed – which is never. Or at least, never directly. However, indirectly is INCOME changed whenever any of the columns in the INCOME Virtual Column Expression changes – SAL and COMM – and for any of those columns, changes will trigger validation of the Check Constraint.
Being able to use a Virtual Column in a Check Constraint means that indirectly we can use user defined functions in Check Constraints! Something check constraints themselves do not allow.
alter table emp ADD (sal_ck AS (income_check(deptno,sal))) / alter table emp add constraint emp_sal_ck check ( sal_ck = 'Y') / prompt this check constraint is almost: income_check(sal, deptno) ='Y', written in a round about way
However, this function is somewhat restricted: the function must be deterministic and it cannot select from table EMP – as it will run into the Mutating Table problem. I thought to resolve that issue by turning the constraint into a deferred one – one that is enforced only at commit time, when the statement is complete and the table is no longer mutating. However, for some reason that does not seem to work. What does work is adding a PRAGMA AUTONOMOUS_TRANSACTION to the function definition. Unfortunately, that means that function cannot see the changes made in the transaction that triggers the check constraint.
rem even deferred check constraints on virtual columns will immediately call the user defined function alter table emp add constraint emp_sal_ck check ( sal_ck = 'Y') INITIALLY DEFERRED DEFERRABLE / update emp set sal = 7000 where sal = 5000 / SQL> update emp set sal = sal+1 2 / update emp set sal = sal+1 * ERROR at line 1: ORA-04091: table SCOTT.EMP is mutating, trigger/function may not see it ORA-06512: at "SCOTT.INCOME_CHECK", line 10
Foreign Key on Virtual Column
Suppose we have a reorganization of the DEPT table: Departments 10-25 are in one table – DEPT_US – and other Departments are in table DEPT_ROTW. This means that we can no longer define a Foreign Key on DEPTNO. However, we can create virtual columns DEPTNO_US and DEPTNO_ROTW like this: case when deptno<= 30 then deptno end and case when deptno> 30 then deptno end and then define foreign keys to DEPT_US and DEPTNO_ROTW on those two virtual columns. I know, it is an odd scenario, but one easily pictured and therefore helpful to illustrate the concept.
create table dept_us as select * from dept where deptno<25 / alter table dept_us add constraint dept_us_pk primary key (deptno) / create table dept_rotw as select * from dept where deptno>25 / alter table dept_rotw add constraint dept_rotw_pk primary key (deptno) / alter table emp add (deptno_us as (case when deptno<25 then deptno end)) / alter table emp add (deptno_rotw as (case when deptno>25 then deptno end)) / alter table emp add constraint emp_deptno_us_fk foreign key (deptno_us) references dept_us (deptno) / alter table emp add constraint emp_deptno_rotw_fk foreign key (deptno_rotw) references dept_rotw (deptno) / update emp set deptno = 40 where deptno = 20 / delete from dept_rotw where deptno = 40 /
Another far fetched example is the implementation of a business rule that states: we do not want to hire employees in years that we not already have people hired in. One wonders how you can hire people in the past, but it is just an example of what foreign keys on virtual columns can be used for.
First we create a Materialized View with the values of years in which we have hired employees. Then we define a Unique Key – referencable by a foreign key – on this Materialized View. Then we define a Virtual Column HIREYEAR on Table EMP

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Title
Transferability of interatomic potentials in predicting the temperature dependency of elastic constants for titanium, zirconium and magnesium
Abstract
We present our investigation of the current state of the art for the transferability of molecular dynamics (MD) interatomic potentials for high temperature simulations of material processes in terms of elastic constants. With the current advancement of computer power, nanoscale computational models such as MD have the potential to accelerate optimization and development of high temperature material processes provided a robust and transferable interatomic potential. Temperature dependency of elastic constants, despite the low temperature elastic constants, is not commonly used as one of the target material properties to develop interatomic potentials for metals; thus, it is a reliable index to determine the transferability of interatomic potentials for high temperature simulations. We consider all five independent elastic constants and their temperature dependency as an index for our evaluations of available interatomic potentials for titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), and magnesium (Mg) as representative metals with a relatively complex crystal structure (hcp). The calculated elastic constants and their deviation from their corresponding experimental values are presented. We provide a through discussion on the transferability of each potential and summarize with the most suitable potentials for high temperature material process simulations for each considered material.
Publication Title
Modelling and Simulation in Materials Science and Engineering
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text:
Handicraft, more precisely expressed as artisanic handicraft, sometimes also called artisanry, is a type of work where useful and decorative devices are made completely by hand or by using only simple tools. It is a traditional main sector of craft. Usually the term is applied to traditional means of making goods. The individual artisanship of the items is a paramount criterion, such items often have cultural and/or religious significance. Items made by mass production or machines are not handicraft goods.
Or contact the seller
in section "Products of national art crafts"
View also products categories "Popular craftwork and handicraft items"


sfDoctrineActAsSignablePlugin ============================= The 'sfDoctrineActAsSignablePlugin' plugin automates the handling of 'created_by' and 'updated_by' columns. Each time a __Signable__ object is inserted or updated, those columns are automatically updated accordingly to the user who saved the changes. Instalation =========== Install the plugin via the subversion repository by executing the following command from the project root directory: $ svn co _URL_ plugins/sfDoctrineActAsSignablePlugin or by using the default symfony plugin install command: $./symfony plugin:install sfDoctrineActAsSignablePlugin Usage ===== Add the desired columns to your schema.yml for the tables you want to be signed. You can use a string or an int type, the behavior will automatically detect the type and store the corresponding information depending on this type (for a string the username is stored, and for an integer it's the user's ID). # You can either set the type of a column to a string (will store the username) or an integer (will store the user ID) actAs: Signable: created: name: created_by type: integer options: notnull: true default: 1 updated: name: updated_by type: string Also you may use global behavior in your doctrine schema (default field value is integer): actAs: [Timestampable, Signable] Dependencies ============ There is no required dependency, although : * [sfDoctrineGuardPlugin](_URL_ will provide you basic but flexible and robust user management. Relations --------- The plugin is provided with behavior relations for __sfDoctrineGuardPlugin__. For created and updated options which are defined as active (__not disabled__) and __integer type__, __creator__ and __updator__ relations are available, respectively. This means, that if you attach Signable behavior (defined as mentioned above) to any of your model, you can directly access sfGuardUser class objects. For example, the _Article_ model is defined as follows: Article: actAs: Signable: ~ you can access the user who created/updated the Article (integer option is the default in the Signable): [php] echo $article->getCreator(); echo $article->getUpdator()->customMethod(); Example use cases ================= Here are some example cases when you may find this plugin useful: string user reference --------------------- The project includes a blog or a forum system. Each blog/forum post page needs to display the user who posted it (or modified it last time). The symfony forum screenshot last column shows LAST POST, user name is highlighted in red (__Singable__ behavior) and the timestamp is highlighted in green (__Timestampable__ behavior):![symfony forum](_URL_ "symfony forum") integer user reference ---------------------- The more advanced technique is to use an integer created_by/updated_by column (the default) to store the user's ID (need to have appropriate user table, e.g. [sfDoctrineGuardPlugin](_URL_ In this case you may use relations and fetch User object at runtime (which is very difficult if you store user name as a string). This option is very useful when developing a CRM or ERP system where data modification is important (could be combined with data versioning). Thanks to --------- Thomas Boerger, Michael Klein, Kary Leong, geoffrey: [The snippet this plugin is based on](_URL_ "Snippet").


text:
Understanding matchmaking in FUT is a key issue. In an earlier article, we confirmed that FUT seasons matches you against opponents with similar skills, in effect what is known as ELO matchmaking. Based on those findings, an intriguing question came up: If our opponents are as skilled as ourselves, then how come that some players win 60 % of their matches, while others only win 20 %? In this article, we try to come up with a qualified guess to answer that question.
To confirm that that FUT seasons uses ELO matchmaking, we used our dataset covering 218 random players and their 10 latest opponents. For each of these ~2,200 players, we calculated a skill rating consisting of win ratio, best completed division and goal difference per match. In the chart below, we plotted each of our 218 base players, having the "average skill level of the player's 10 latest opponents" as the Y-coordinate and the base player's own skill level as the X-coordinate.
The chart confirms the existence of a relationship (correlation) between the player's own rating and the average ratings of his 10 latest opponents. Speaking statistics, this implies that you are more likely to come up against an opponent who is on par with you skill-wise than the opposite.
To further support his conclusion, take a look at the two charts below, where we have created random matches within the same player population that forms the basis of the actual data set used above.
- Yellow chart: We matched players completely randomly. For each base player, we picked 10 random opponents within the full population of 3200 opponents.
- Red chart: We picked three, random opponents per match and chose the the opponent's whose skill rating came closest to the skill rating of our base player's own skill rating.
It is clearly visible is that the red chart comes significantly closer to the actual matchmaking results (the blue chart above) than the yellow chart.
The flat S
Although the game has a preference for opponents with similar skill levels, not all players have the same probability of getting matched against an opponent who is below and above them in terms of skill.
When we look at the lowest rated players (to the far left), their average opponents are somewhat superior, whereas the average opponents of the better players to the right were slightly inferior to the players themselves. If we draw a trend line (red) through the data set, we see a "flat S"-shaped curve rather than the straight, 45 degree line, which we would have seen if everyone's average opponents had the same rating as themselves.
How come, that bad players on average get opponents who are slightly superior to themselves, whereas good players get opponents who are slightly inferior to themselves?
The bell shaped curve
Less successful players get a higher percentage of superior opponents, while more successful players get a higher percentage of inferior opponents than the average player. Our best candidate for an explanation for that has to do with the way, players are distributed skill-wise.
As would have been the case if we were measuring height, shoe size or intelligence, the majority of players are average skilled with a small minority having extraordinarily good skills and an approximately similar sized group having extraordinarily poor skills. In statistical terms, we call this a normal distribution. When plotted into a chart, it shows up as a bell shaped curve. Below, I have plotted two different, skill-related stats: Win-ratio (orange) and the combined Skill rating (blue).
The consequence of this distribution is that players with different skill profiles face different probabilities of pulling superior and inferior opponents.
If we for a second forget about ELO matchmaking and assume that matchmaking is completely random, a player with a win ratio of 30 % would have 97 % chance of pulling an opponent with a higher win ratio, whereas a player with a win ratio of 35 % would have 14 % chance of pulling an opponent with a lower win ratio.
The fact that FUT uses ELO matchmaking doesn't change the basic fact that you only can get matched against opponents who (a) have decent connectivity to you and (b) are searching for a match at the same time. Hence, at the end of the day, the matchmaking algoritm will have to pick the best available match in terms of ELO ranking among the alternatives available at the given time.
Even though the game will pick the best available match, the best available match for a bad player is more likely to be a superior player than an inferior player, which probably is why our blue curve has it's flat S-shape.
The number of alternatives available
You might have noticed that even though our ELO simulation (the red chart) had some resemblance with the actual matchmaking results (the blue chart), the curves weren't exactly the same: The red curve appears "tighter packed", which translated into human language means that our simulation is too effective in finding opponents with a similar skill level when compared to what is possible in the real world.
Considering that approximately 5,000 FIFA matches are started every minute, one might have expected a success rate when looking for similarly skilled opponents. So, how come that the actual matchmaking results appear as random as they do?
We can come up with minimum three, possible reasons.
- One is that our ELO rating system isn't the same system that EA is using, meaning that our assessment of the players' skill levels is somewhat off. In essence, we don't know how accurate our skill ranking system is. Hence, although the actual matches appear more random through the binoculars that we build for ourselves, we don't know whether they appear equally random through EA's presumably even more accurate binoculars.
- The second possibility is statistical accuracy. After all, we calculate the average opponent's skill level based on just 10 opponents. The inevitable consequence is that we will have more outliers, as just one odd opponent will skew the average considerably.
- The third possible reason is that the game, in spite of the large number of matches being started, perhaps doesn't have that many alternatives available when trying to find a match due to connectivity restrictions. Below, we ran the same simulation with 3 respectively 2 opponent alternatives per match. It is clearly visible that the more alternatives available, the more even matches will you get. The resemblance between the actual matchmaking (the blue curve) and the simulation with only two alternatives available is clearly bigger than when we allow the simulation to chose between three opponents.


text:
Linguistic Nativism and the Poverty of the Stimulus
January 2011, Wiley-Blackwell
This price is valid for United States. Change location to view local pricing and availability.
Other Available Formats: E-book
This unique contribution to the ongoing discussion of language acquisition considers the Argument from the Poverty of the Stimulus in language learning in the context of the wider debate over cognitive, computational, and linguistic issues.
- Critically examines the Argument from the Poverty of the Stimulus - the theory that the linguistic input which children receive is insufficient to explain the rich and rapid development of their knowledge of their first language(s) through general learning mechanisms
- Focuses on formal learnability properties of the class of natural languages, considered from the perspective of several learning theoretic models
- The only current book length study of arguments for the poverty of the stimulus which focuses on the computational learning theoretic aspects of the problem


text:
Abstract: The relevance of the work is due to the fact that the hydraulic drive working fluids are a mixture of liquid and undissolved gas.
Such a mixture can be formed when filling the tank and during dynamic processes due to different rates of dissolution and gas release
from the liquid when the pressure drops in certain sections of the working medium flow. The task of this work is to create an
analytical method for controlling the influence of the amount of undissolved gas on the dynamic processes of the hydraulic drive of
self-propelled machines, by writing and analyzing a mathematical model. The results of mathematical modeling were confirmed
experimentally on the developed stand
Index terms: dynamic processes, hydraulic drive, undissolved gas, hydraulic circuit, mathematical model


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Beneficial acclimation hypothesis
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The Beneficial Acclimation Hypothesis (BAH) is the physiological hypothesis that acclimating to a particular environment (usually thermal) provides an organism with advantages in that environment. First formally defined and tested by Armand Marie Leroi, Albert Bennett, and Richard Lenski in 1994, it has however been a central assumption in historical physiological work that acclimation is adaptive. Further refined by Raymond B. Huey and David Berrigan under the strong inference approach, the hypothesis has been falsified as a general rule by a series of multiple hypotheses experiments.
History and Definition Edit
Acclimation is a set of physiological responses that occurs during an individual's lifetime to chronic laboratory-induced environmental conditions (in contrast to acclimatization). It is one component of adaptation. While physiologists have traditionally assumed that acclimation is beneficial (or explicitly defined it as such), criticism of the adaptationist program by Stephen Jay Gould and Richard Lewontin led to a call for increased robustness in testing adaptationist hypotheses.[1]
The initial definition of the BAH, as published in 1994 in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences by Leroi et al., is that
"acclimation to a particular environment gives an organism a performance advantage in that environment over another organism that has not had the opportunity to acclimate to that particular environment."[2]
This definition was further reworked in an article in American Zoologist 1999 by Raymond B. Huey, David Berrigan, George W. Gilchrist, and Jon C. Herron.[3] They determined that, following Platt's strong inference approach, multiple competing hypotheses were needed to properly assess beneficial acclimation (see picture at right). These included:
1. Beneficial Acclimation. Acclimating to a particular environment confers fitness advantages in that environment.
2. Optimal Developmental Temperature. There is an ideal temperature to develop at so individuals reared at an optimal temperature compete better in all environments.
3. Colder (bigger) Is Better. In ectotherms, individuals reared in colder environments tend to develop to a larger body size. These individuals therefore have a fitness advantage in all environments.
4. Warmer (smaller) Is Better. The inverse of Colder Is Better. Smaller individuals have a fitness advantage.
5. Developmental Buffering. Development temperature does not affect adult fitness.
Experimental Tests Edit
The majority of tests of the Beneficial Adaptation Hypothesis have, following Krogh's Principle, centered on the model organisms Drosophila melanogaster and Escherichia coli.[3] More specifically, experimental tests have centered on easily-measured temperature adaptation (although other systems have been studied; see [3][4]). Of the several experimental tests of the Beneficial Acclimation Hypothesis, most have rejected it as a universal rule (see reviews [3][5][6]).
Initial experiments by Leroi et al., the first scientists to address this problem, tested only the Beneficial Acclimation Hypothesis and not the subsequent hypotheses developed by Huey et al.[2] Colonies of E. coli were acclimated for seven generations in two different temperature conditions: 32 °C and 41.5 °C. Colonies were then competed against each other at those temperatures. He found that, agreeing with the Beneficial Acclimation Hypothesis, colonies acclimated at 32 °C competed better at 32 °C. However, at 41.5 °C, colonies acclimated at 32 °C competed better as well. This led to the authors' rejection of the generality of beneficial acclimation.[2] Huey et al. examined four previously-conducted studies, applying the five competing hypotheses, and found that none of the results of the studies could be entirely explained by beneficial acclimation. Instead, a combination of hypotheses were required to explain the observed patterns of acclimation.[3]
Why Is Acclimation Not Beneficial? Edit
While it seems intuitive that acclimation would provide benefits to individuals, the majority of empirical tests of the hypothesis have rejected its general appliction. Why then is acclimation not beneficial? H. Arthur Woods and Jon F. Harrison examined the possible reasons in a 2002 Evolution paper.[5] They suggested that:
1. The timescale of adaptation is much longer than that of environmental variation.
2. Environmental cues for timing of adaptive acclimation are unreliable.
3. It may cost more to adapt than not to.
4. Migration by adjacent populations may swamp out genes for adaptive acclimation.
Criticism Edit
In response to continuing rejections of the Beneficial Acclimation Hypothesis, a number of common criticisms of experimental tests have been developed:[3][5][6]
1. The majority of studies have actually been examining developmental acclimation. That is, rather than acclimating an adult individual and testing, they suggest that developmental switches triggered by particular temperatures result in a different mechanism of acclimation. More recently, it has been found that adult acclimation and developmental acclimation lead to support for different hypotheses.[4]
2. Most studies have included stressful temperatures. Acclimation to those temperatures may decrease fitness in an individual.
3. Finally, a variety of traits are examined in these studies that may only be indirectly linked to fitness. For example, examining longevity as a fitness measure in D. melanogaster may be irrelevant since fertility declines rapidly with age in this species.
Current State Edit
The majority of studies have concluded the Beneficial Acclimation Hypothesis is not true in all cases, and that alternate hypotheses should be tested. In addition to this, recent studies of the hypothesis have provided additional complications, such as trade-offs evident only in field environments[4] and interactions with behavior and life history traits.[7][8] The study of developmental and phenotypic plasticity continues.
See alsoEdit
ReferencesEdit
 1. Gould, S.J and Lewontin, R.C. (1979). The Spandrels of San Marco and the Panglossian Paradigm: A Critique of the Adaptationist Programme. Proc. Roy. Soc. London B 205. pp. 581-598.
 2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 Leroi, A.M., Bennett, A.F. and Lenski, R. E. (1994). Temperature acclimation and competitive fitness: An experimental test of the Beneficial Acclimation Hypothesis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. (91). pp. _PHONE_
 3. 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 Huey, R. B., Berrigan, D., Gilchrist, G.W. and Herron, J.C. (1999). Testing the Adaptive Significance of Acclimation: A Strong Inference Approach. Amer. Zool. 39. pp. 323-336
 4. 4.0 4.1 4.2 Kristensen, T.N., Hoffmann, A. A., Overgaard, J., Sorensen, J.G., Hallas, R., and Loeschke, V. (2008). Costs and Benefits of Cold Acclimation in Field-Released Drosophila. PNAS. 105 (1). pp. 216-221.3.
 5. 5.0 5.1 5.2 Woods, H.A. and Harrison, J.F. (2002). Interpreting Rejections of the Beneficial Acclimation Hypothesis: When is Physiological Plasticity Adaptive? Evolution. 56(9). pp. _PHONE_.
 6. 6.0 6.1 Wilson, R. S. and Franklin, C. E. (2002). Testing the Beneficial Acclimation Hypothesis. TREE. 17(2). pp. 66-70.
 7. Deere, J.A. and Chown, S.L. (2006). Testing the Beneficial Acclimation Hypothesis and Its Alternatives for Locomotor Performance. Am. Nat. 168(5)
 8. Marais, E. and Chown, S.L. (2008). Beneficial Acclimation and the Bogert Effect. Ecol. Lett. 11. pp. 1027:1036.
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E How to Complete Installation Prerequisite Tasks Manually
This appendix provides instructions for how to complete configuration tasks manually that Cluster Verification Utility (CVU) and the installer (OUI) normally complete during installation. Use this appendix as a guide if you cannot use the fixup script.
This appendix contains the following information:
E.1 Configuring SSH Manually on All Cluster Nodes
Passwordless SSH configuration is a mandatory installation requirement. SSH is used during installation to configure cluster member nodes, and SSH is used after installation by configuration assistants, Oracle Enterprise Manager, OPatch, and other features.
Automatic Passwordless SSH configuration using OUI creates RSA encryption keys on all nodes of the cluster. If you have system restrictions that require you to set up SSH manually, such as using DSA keys, then use this procedure as a guide to set up passwordless SSH.
In the examples that follow, the Oracle software owner listed is the grid user.
If SSH is not available, then OUI attempts to use rsh and rcp instead. However, these services are disabled by default on most Linux systems.
The supported version of SSH for Linux distributions is OpenSSH.
This section contains the following:
E.1.1 Checking Existing SSH Configuration on the System
To determine if SSH is running, enter the following command:
$ pgrep sshd
If SSH is running, then the response to this command is one or more process ID numbers. In the home directory of the installation software owner (grid, oracle), use the command ls -al to ensure that the.ssh directory is owned and writable only by the user.
You need either an RSA or a DSA key for the SSH protocol. RSA is used with the SSH 1.5 protocol, while DSA is the default for the SSH 2.0 protocol. With OpenSSH, you can use either RSA or DSA. The instructions that follow are for SSH1. If you have an SSH2 installation, and you cannot use SSH1, then refer to your SSH distribution documentation to configure SSH1 compatibility or to configure SSH2 with DSA.
E.1.2 Configuring SSH on Cluster Nodes
To configure SSH, you must first create RSA or DSA keys on each cluster node, and then copy all the keys generated on all cluster node members into an authorized keys file that is identical on each node. Note that the SSH files must be readable only by root and by the software installation user (oracle, grid), as SSH ignores a private key file if it is accessible by others. In the examples that follow, the DSA key is used.
You must configure SSH separately for each Oracle software installation owner that you intend to use for installation.
To configure SSH, complete the following:
E.1.2.1 Create SSH Directory, and Create SSH Keys On Each Node
Complete the following steps on each node:
 1. Log in as the software owner (in this example, the grid user).
 2. To ensure that you are logged in as grid, and to verify that the user ID matches the expected user ID you have assigned to the grid user, enter the commands id and id grid. Ensure that Oracle user group and user and the user terminal window process you are using have group and user IDs are identical. For example:
 $ id
 uid=502(grid) gid=501(oinstall) groups=501(oinstall),502(grid,asmadmin,asmdba)
 $ id grid
 3. If necessary, create the.ssh directory in the grid user's home directory, and set permissions on it to ensure that only the oracle user has read and write permissions:
 $ mkdir ~/.ssh
 $ chmod 700 ~/.ssh
 SSH configuration will fail if the permissions are not set to 700.
 4. Enter the following command:
 $ /usr/bin/ssh-keygen -t dsa
 At the prompts, accept the default location for the key file (press Enter).
 SSH with passphrase is not supported for Oracle Clusterware 11g release 2 and later releases.
 This command writes the DSA public key to the ~/.ssh/ file and the private key to the ~/.ssh/id_dsa file.
 Never distribute the private key to anyone not authorized to perform Oracle software installations.
 5. Repeat steps 1 through 4 on each node that you intend to make a member of the cluster, using the DSA key.
E.1.2.2 Add All Keys to a Common authorized_keys File
Complete the following steps:
 1. On the local node, change directories to the.ssh directory in the Oracle Grid Infrastructure owner's home directory (typically, either grid or oracle).
 Then, add the DSA key to the authorized_keys file using the following commands:
 $ cat >> authorized_keys
 $ ls
 In the ssh directory, you should see the keys that you have created, and the file authorized_keys.
 2. On the local node, use SCP (Secure Copy) or SFTP (Secure FTP) to copy the authorized_keys file to the oracle user.ssh directory on a remote node. The following example is with SCP, on a node called node2, with the Oracle Grid Infrastructure owner grid, where the grid user path is /home/grid:
 [_EMAIL_]$ scp authorized_keys node2:/home/grid/.ssh/
 You are prompted to accept a DSA key. Enter Yes, and you see that the node you are copying to is added to the known_hosts file.
 When prompted, provide the password for the grid user, which should be the same on all nodes in the cluster. The authorized_keys file is copied to the remote node.
 Your output should be similar to the following, where xxx represents parts of a valid IP address:
 The authenticity of host 'node2 ( can't be established.
 DSA key fingerprint is 7e:60:60:ae:40:40:d1:a6:f7:4e:zz:me:a7:48:ae:f6:7e.
 Warning: Permanently added 'node1,' (dsa) to the list
 of known hosts
 grid@node2's password:
 authorized_keys 100% 828 7.5MB/s 00:00
 3. Using SSH, log in to the node where you copied the authorized_keys file. Then change to the.ssh directory, and using the cat command, add the DSA keys for the second node to the authorized_keys file, clicking Enter when you are prompted for a password, so that passwordless SSH is set up:
 [_EMAIL_]$ ssh node2
 [grid@node2 grid]$ cd.ssh
 [grid@node2 ssh]$ cat >> authorized_keys
 Repeat steps 2 and 3 from each node to each other member node in the cluster.
 When you have added keys from each cluster node member to the authorized_keys file on the last node you want to have as a cluster node member, then use scp to copy the authorized_keys file with the keys from all nodes back to each cluster node member, overwriting the existing version on the other nodes.
 To confirm that you have all nodes in the authorized_keys file, enter the command more authorized_keys, and determine if there is a DSA key for each member node. The file lists the type of key (ssh-dsa), followed by the key, and then followed by the user and server. For example:
 ssh-dsa AAAABBBB... = grid@node1
 The grid user's /.ssh/authorized_keys file on every node must contain the contents from all of the /.ssh/ files that you generated on all cluster nodes.
E.1.3 Enabling SSH User Equivalency on Cluster Nodes
After you have copied the authorized_keys file that contains all keys to each node in the cluster, complete the following procedure, in the order listed. In this example, the Oracle Grid Infrastructure software owner is named grid:
 1. On the system where you want to run OUI, log in as the grid user.
 2. Use the following command syntax, where hostname1, hostname2, and so on, are the public host names (alias and fully qualified domain name) of nodes in the cluster to run SSH from the local node to each node, including from the local node to itself, and from each node to each other node:
 [grid@nodename]$ ssh hostname1 date
 [grid@nodename]$ ssh hostname2 date
 For example:
 [grid@node1 grid]$ ssh node1 date
 The authenticity of host 'node1 (' can't be established.
 DSA key fingerprint is 7z:60:60:zz:48:48:z1:a0:f7:4e.
 Warning: Permanently added 'node1,' (DSA) to the list of
 known hosts.
 Mon Dec 4 11:08:13 PST 2006
 [grid@node1 grid]$ ssh date
 The authenticity of host'(' can't be
 Warning: Permanently added ',' (DSA) to the


text:
Apr. 14, 2011 Scientists at Queen's University Belfast have pioneered a new needle-free test to take the sting out of medicine testing in premature babies. The research will not only lead to greater accuracy in prescribing, but will also significantly reduce the trauma of such tests for newborn infants and their families.
In the first published research project worldwide on this new approach to testing medicines in children, the findings were announced in the US medical journal Pediatrics.
The study, which involves the use of blood spots obtained from a simple heel-prick, took place in the Belfast Hospital for Sick Children and the School of Pharmacy at Queen's.
The research was carried out by a team from the University's School of Pharmacy in partnership with the Regional Neonatal Unit in the Royal Maternity Hospital. It was funded by the Health and Social Care Research and Development Office (HSC R&D) and Action Medical Research.
Principal Investigator, Queen's Professor of Pharmacy Practice James McElnay said: "This type of testing will obviously reduce the discomfort of medicine testing in these vulnerable patients. What is even more important, however, is that it will ensure maximum accuracy in calculating the most appropriate dose of a medicine for a sick child.
"Some 80 per cent of infants in intensive care in hospitals receive medicines which have not been appropriately tested or licensed for use in such young patients, and the dosage is usually calculated based on licensed doses for adults or older children. Sizable blood samples are then required to measure the concentrations of the drug in the infant's bloodstream.
"Our work opens up opportunities for using the same approach to study other medicines which are used in this manner in children, and we are currently studying a number of these."
The Queen's study involved the antibiotic metronidazole. The research team used single drops of blood collected on blotting paper from premature infants who were receiving the medicine as part of their routine care. The 'spots' were dried, analysed in the University's School of Pharmacy, and the results used to develop dosage guidance for doctors.
Other social bookmarking and sharing tools:
Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.
- M. Suyagh, P. S. Collier, J. S. Millership, G. Iheagwaram, M. Millar, H. L. Halliday, J. C. McElnay. Metronidazole Population Pharmacokinetics in Preterm Neonates Using Dried Blood-Spot Sampling. Pediatrics, 2011; 127 (2): e367 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2010-0807
Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.


Let slip the birds of war!
Not a great start for efforts to bring peace on Earth in 2014.
In what some are interpreting as an ominous sign for world peace, two white doves released from the Vatican have been attacked by two larger birds.
The doves were set free as a symbol of peace from a balcony overlooking St Peter's Square during Pope Francis' weekly Angelus prayers, held at noon every Sunday.
But moments later, a seagull and a black crow swooped down and attacked the doves, pecking at them repeatedly, as tens of thousands of people watched on.
The crow chased down the dove and grappled with it as the white bird tried to fly away.
The Sunday prayers called for an end to violence in Kiev, with the Pope saying there was a need for dialogue between the Ukraine government and opposition.
Tough being caught between a crow and a seagull. Is this some weird living metaphor for Ukraine being caught between Russia and the European Union? Or perhaps the civilians caught between the Syrian regime and Syrian insurgents? The interpretive possibilities are endless.
Bill Humphrey
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Sabine Krantz
Piano and voice teacher
Based in
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Sabine Krantz | Piano and voice teacher
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Piano performance-and teaching degree from Oslo, Norway. Vocal coaching learned while in college. I teach all genres including classical, musicals, chords, music theory,composition (not advanced) and sight-singing/reading.
Aimed at: Beginner, Intermediate and Advanced.
Lessons can be changed 24 hours in advance. After that I expect to get paid for it (last minute illness is an exeption).
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text:
Intellectual vs Logical
From UA Libraries Digital Services Planning and Documentation
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== Audio Reels ==
== Audio Reels ==
Please see [[Item_Numbering_Variations]] for information on file naming for the Emphasis and Working Lives audio collections.
Revision as of 22:30, 19 February 2010
There are times when the intellectual object does not correspond to the file division. This creates a problem in that the metadata file should be named for the intellectual object, and this is what should be presented to the user; however, the files which compose the intellectual object may not match up to the same boundaries.
We have two examples. One in which the preservation of the representation of the analog object requires retention of the logical representation (a letterbook), and one in which the logical representation is an unrelated artifact (audio reels).
The letterbooks we are digitizing have letters which may begin on one page and end on another, to be followed by another letter on the second page. Hence, the intellectual item is the letter, but it is also the book. The pages of the book do not correspond to the letters. Letter 12 may span pages 6 and part of page 7. How do we number the files and provide intellectual access?
The letters for which we have typed transcripts and/or specific descriptive metadata, have priority for delivery as intellectual items over the letters which do not.
Each letter to be delivered as an intellectual item with associated metadata and transcription or OCR, is considered an item in the collection.
If that letter spans more than 1 page, that letter will have multiple page images, one per page containing a portion of the letter. In the previous example where letter 12 spans pages 6 and part of page 7, those pages would be stored in the item as (assuming this is in the Jemison collection, and letter 12 is the 12th intellectual item scanned in this collection:
Letters for which we do NOT have transcripts or specific descriptive metadata need not be considered separate items. However, they will be included in the book as an intellectual item.
The entire book will be delivered as a separate item within the collection, with its own descriptive metadata. Thus we will be storing some of the same tiff images under more than one file name.
What this means:
Again, if letter 12 spans letterbook pages 6 and part of page 7, and letter 13 is on page 7, and we have transcripts for letters 12 and 13, then the tiff for page 6 will be stored as a part of letter 12, and will also be stored as a part of the book item.
(assuming the book is scanned as the 451st intellectual item and that the page count started with the cover:)
u0003_0000753_0000012_0001.tif (explained above)
u0003_0000753_0000451_0006.tif (the same tiff in the book item)
Page 7 will be stored 3 times: as part of letter 12, as part of letter 13, and as part of the book item.
u0003_0000753_0000012_0002.tif (explained above) u0003_0000753_0000013_0001.tif u0003_0000753_0000451_0007.tif
While this increases the storage cost, it disambiguates the situation while providing the best usability and representation of the intellectual item(s).
Please see Item_Numbering_Variations for information on file naming for the Emphasis and Working Lives audio collections.
Audio reels may or may not correspond to the intellectual object. The capture of the performance may in no way relate to the number of reels used, or where that performance capture began on a reel. That is to say, a performance may span multiple reels, and a reel may contain multiple performances, and a performance may span part of one reel and part of another.
We currently are considering a "performance" to be an intellectual item. That "performance" may simply be a home practice session, a lecture, or some other sensible division of an intellectual whole.
Currently we are creating one WAV file per side of a reel. Obviously, the file names used for these WAV files may not at all correspond to the web delivery file names of the intellectual item.
Case 1: Multiple WAV files per single performance
The performance is the intellectual item. Assuming this is the 14th performance identified in the Rohlig collection, the identifier for this performance is u0008_0000002_0000014. Let's say this performance spans one entire, 2-sided reel and one side of a second reel. Since we have 2 WAV files per reel (one per side) this is 3 WAV files. The numbering to use would be this:
Here we are following the file naming convention used previously for multiple batches of spreadsheets (for large or continuing collections), to indicate that each is only a portion of the whole; to recreate the whole, all these numbered parts would need to be concatenated in the order indicated by the number preceding the extension.
This clarifies that all these files are part of the same performance, but they may NOT have a one-to-one correspondence with the intellectual division of this performance into works.
Thus, if this performance contains 5 different works, to be presented online as 5 MP3 files each with a separate metadata record, those intellectual sub-parts would be represented by the following identifiers:
Documentation in the Admin folder (the Documentation folder of the archive) will contain information spelling out how the separate intellectual items are to be derived from the WAV files.
Case 2: Single WAV file containing multiple performances
Consider the situation where a WAV file spans multiple performances. Again, the performance is the intellectual item. In this case, the WAV file will be duplicated, named for each of the intellectual items it encompasses. If performance 16, 17, and 18 of this collection are on a single WAV file, the following files in storage will be identical:
Again, this increases storage cost but reduces ambiguity and confusion.
Case 3: Part of a performance on part of one WAV file, part of it on another
Let's assume that performance 21 begins on the last part of the 2nd side of reel A (we'll call this WAV X) and ends on the first portion of the 1st side of reel B (we'll call this WAV Y). 2 WAV files each contain a segment of performance 21.
This also implies that performance 20 (or part of it) is on WAV X, and performance 22 (or part of it) is on WAV Y. (This may not be true, but for argument's sake, let's say it is.)
WAV X will then have to be duplicated, once for performance 20 and once for performance 21; and WAV Y will also have to be duplicated, once for performance 21 and once for performance 22. (see previous case above)
The WAV files stored for performance 21 will be named:
This means that we cannot assume that a set of WAV files under an item number contain ONLY the intellectual item indicated; instead, we can only assume that the intellectual item is WITHIN the WAV files so numbered, and reconstruction of the intellectual item requires all the WAV files included in this set.
(updated 2/3/10, Jody DeRidder)


LAGATLAT is a word in Cebuano with its meaning in English.
lagatlat a for corn grits to be wet and unevenly cooked.
v [B6; c1] for corn grits to come out lagatlat.
Mulagatlat ang linung-ag ug daghan ang túbig ug kúwang sa káyu, Corn grits come out wet and unevenly cooked if you use too much water and not enough fire.
Words for further learning
English: maybloom
English: stercoranist
English: reticence
English: print
English: dimming
Hiligaynon: kamohanon
English: read
English: ululation
English: bellycheer
English: rust
Cebuano: tambal
Cebuano: bilbiki
English: bibliomancy
Waray: tuhod
English: intermittence
English: stintless
English: dissoluble
Hiligaynon: honhon
English: horal
English: crutched
English: discerning
English: periEnglish: thermotension
English: empoison
English: animalcule
English: gird
English: smoldering
Cebuano: hikap
English: irk
English: transmit
English: yachtsmen
Hiligaynon: matukub
English: vaudoux
English: favoring
Hiligaynon: kabati
English: laryngology
English: water
English: ultimation
English: area
English: cotter
English: pharmacognosy
Hiligaynon: sagnoy
English: coliseum
English: clamp
English: earlock
English: quadruple
Cebuano: balahak
Hiligaynon: mamahi
English: mummer
English: serpent
English: ericolin
English: under
Hiligaynon: udlon
Cebuano: ibidinsiya
English: pimple
Hiligaynon: malihion
English: bay
English: jeopardize
English: interventor
English: plea
English: incognita
Hiligaynon: hakmal
Hiligaynon: italal-us
English: faded
English: floret
Cebuano: tinyinti
English: disgracer
English: bumped
English: galingale
English: tile
Hiligaynon: tilad
English: inflective
Hiligaynon: libo-libo
English: honey
English: quote
English: odylic
English: shrift
English: counterpoised
Hiligaynon: tiglapak
English: smooth
English: discoveries
English: meniver
Waray: masuliaw
Ilokano: supnet
English: wincing
English: staminodia
Hiligaynon: sing-it
Hiligaynon: mansister
English: antithetical
Cebuano: saligbay
English: shotgun
English: thronged
English: godwit
English: correctable
English: idoloclast
English: sing
English: sanitary
English: handbreadth
Ilokano: usang
English: ridicule
English: uncharge
Ilokano: bisngit
Ilokano: sumbat
English: bodily
English: immartial
English: libellulid
Cebuano: liwayway
English: following
English: driver
English: slapped
Tagalog: tadtad
English: piscine
Hiligaynon: bungay-bungay
Hiligaynon: endono
Cebuano: silingan
English: coextension
English: spring
Cebuano: layat
Hiligaynon: libtug
English: wend
English: looping
English: periergy
English: pelegrine
English: wild
English: mediterranean
English: knacker
English: available
English: steepen
Cebuano: lasu
Hiligaynon: pahagyon
Hiligaynon: padaso-daso
English: pleased
Ilokano: bumbero
English: interline
English: exeunt
English: relegated
English: hot-mouthed
English: aped
English: frock
Hiligaynon: mama
English: northman
Hiligaynon: himutad
English: cloudiness
English: move
English: epicedium
English: in
English: suppress
English: tribunitian
Cebuano: kalap
English: inwork
English: cashier
English: lordship
English: official
English: tuneless
Cebuano: galyita
English: hank
English: chloridic
English: funest
English: alluvial
English: extraforaneous
English: anteflexion
Ilokano: dasi
English: splenish
English: cloistering
English: mammer
Tagalog: sipa
English: wode
English: donkeys
English: pulselessness
English: cocaine
English: overhandle
Hiligaynon: sursir
Hiligaynon: pak-an
English: senonian
Cebuano: duna
English: fascia
English: scincoidian
English: edema
Hiligaynon: olikid
Hiligaynon: batitis
Hiligaynon: kuskus-balonos
Cebuano: gitib
English: slit
Hiligaynon: unud
Cebuano: lagaw
English: replica
Hiligaynon: banhog
English: recreating
English: brake
Hiligaynon: garabahan
English: pippin
Ilokano: dilig
English: timbre
English: vibrative
English: zopilote
English: wirbled
Cebuano: taliadlaw
English: elaboration
Cebuano: suna
Ilokano: karut-om
English: whored
English: phonotypist
English: moorband
Ilokano: kala
English: form
English: pickle
English: chalcographist
English: caprylic
English: symmetrical
English: coadventure
English: cassareep
Hiligaynon: sumpa
English: literature
English: game
English: koolslaa
English: commit
English: hellenistically
English: hydraulics
Cebuano: sustansiya
English: celandine
English: foveola
Cebuano: amung
English: workroom
English: pulsate
English: relinquishing
English: chop
English: agone
English: tax
English: insurable
English: forslack
English: dislodgment
English: gonangium
English: favor
English: galvanize
English: leach
English: else
Ilokano: ipus
English: cochineal fig
English: germ
English: conjunctional
English: kythe
Hiligaynon: habhab
English: defrayal
English: stave
English: atlantic
English: arm
English: lamaic
Cebuano: balinsayaw
English: equiseta
English: coucher
English: killdeer
Hiligaynon: taul
English: counter-couchant
English: delight
English: point
English: fractionally
Tagalog: lihim
English: brook
Cebuano: alabutun
Tagalog: hipag
Hiligaynon: kahuya
English: sieve
English: empearl
English: dodge
English: immutable
English: flexural
English: re-formation
English: parhelia
English: revenge
English: phocal
English: flag
English: pan
English: clavy
English: devil bird
English: indulgency
English: elenchus
English: disestablishment
English: pleonastically
English: reflector
English: somnolism
English: solitary
English: joss
Hiligaynon: tipolon
English: commorant
English: present
Hiligaynon: bungsod
Hiligaynon: kisom
Hiligaynon: komod
English: endothelia
English: marl
English: mucosity
English: quibbler
English: sweep
English: siniate
English: well
English: esthetics
Tagalog: sabong
English: carouse
English: acrodont
English: paleotherian
English: calumnies
Cebuano: apay
English: stipitiform
English: march
English: weanling
English: collocation
English: trepang
Hiligaynon: nonoy
English: descendible
English: spirally
English: dreamless
English: livery
Cebuano: gapnud
Cebuano: uksidyn
English: nickeline
English: whimsy
Tagalog: hinang
English: seed
English: decker
English: clout
Cebu


text:
Optional Arguments in VBScriptBy Francis Chau
A frequently asked question about VBScript is "How can I make an argument of a Function or Sub optional?" and matter of factly, it's been answered on ASPFAQs.com at _URL_ The answer to this question? VBScript does not support optional arguments, however, JScript does and the FAQ shows an example of this in JScript.
To circumvent this VBScript limitation, I will show you a technique that can be used to simulate optional arguments in VBScript that I call the Array-based approach. I'll also demonstrate the more widely accepted NULL-checking approach.
Using the Array-Based Approach
To see how to use the array-based approach for creating subroutines with optional arguments, let's start by an example subroutine:
Notice in the subroutine declaration, we've only defined one argument,
rArgs will be an array of values we would like to pass into our
The next few lines declare our local variables and initializes them to default values (empty
strings, in this case).
Next, we use the
UBound() function to determine the number of arguments passed.
Then assign the array elements to the local variables:
Since the array is zero-based, our first
Case branch assigns the first element to
v1 variable. As we need to add more arguments to our function, we can easily
We conclude our subroutine by printing out the values of our local variables.
To call this subroutine we need to create an array of the size based on the number of arguments we wish to pass into the function, and then populate this array with the values we wish to pass to the function. Finally, we pass along the created array as the single argument to the function:
Notice that you can also use the
Array constructor syntax like so:
Now that we have a way to pass only the arguments we choose using the array-based method, let's take a look at another approach at optional arguments: the NULL-checking approach, which we'll examine in Part 2.


text:
The Suriname Dollar (SRD) has been the national currency since 2004. There are coins in denominations of 1,5,10,25,100 and 250 cents, and bank bills of 5,10,20,50 and 100 Dollars. You can view the exchange rates each day in the local newspapers. US Dollars and Euros can be exchanged at all national and local banks. Traveller's cheques can only be exchanged at local banks. Under no circumstances should you ever exchange money on the streets!
You can also use your ATM or credit card. In the interior of the country, this option is obviously not available. If necessary, you can ask your tour guide which destinations within the country will require you to have cash on hand.
There are plenty of ATMs in Paramaribo where you can use your ATM card to pick up cash. Banks are only open in the morning from 8:00 am to 2:00 pm. Exchange offices (Cambios) are often open until 9:00 pm in the evening.
Good monetary prospects for Suriname
Suriname's economy displays economic stability for a number of years. It is very important that the current foundation is developing more.
In 2004, three zeros were scraped from the Surinamese guilder and the name was changed to the Suriname Dollar, the SRD. This decision was taken by the Central Bank of Suriname, because the value of the Surinamese currency was declining. This was the way to make money valuable again.
It can be said today the monetary reserves of Suriname are at peaks. This means that the Surinamese economy is strong and has the reserves to show that. There are three reasons why the monetary reserves are so important for our country:
- The reserves cover the money brought into circulation. When this is not the case then the zeros appear again causing inflation. The Central Bank of Suriname is the only institute that can put money into circulation. And since 2005, the line was tightened. The Central Bank may only spend money if they have coverage.
- The reserves cover the currency accounts of other banks. Banks are at high risk because of the foreign currency management and should be able to pay back customers at all the time. These banks are required to deposit 1/3 of the currency separate to an escrow account so the money is kept safe. The Central Bank of Suriname will back up the banks if they get into trouble and cannot pay their customers.
- The reserves provide a certain amount of credit on the capital market. This is especially necessary now that the development aid is finished. Suriname is now dependent on international capital markets, where there is a need for monetary reserves.
The Surinamese currency is healthy, fully covered and is safe to invest. There is no doubt that there is economic stability, for the purchasing power has together with the Gross National Product doubled in the past five years.


text:
Species at Risk
What is the status of the Stinkpot turtle?
The stinkpot turtle was listed as "threatened" federally by the COSEWIC in May 2002. Is listed on Schedule 1 of the Species at Risk Act, which provides protection under federal law.
The stinkpot turtle is also listed as "threatened" provincially in Ontario by the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources' Committee on the Status of Species at Risk in Ontario (COSSARO).
The stinkpot turtle is the smallest turtle in Canada, making it the most vulnerable to predation (from raptors etc.), even when mature.
© Parks Canada / SLINP Image Library
Why is the Stinkpot turtle in danger?
The major factor leading to the decline of Stinkpot turtles in Canada is shoreline development and the draining of wetlands.
Shoreline vegetation and adjacent aquatic plants provide the suitable that stinkpot turtles require to live. As aquatic vegetation is removed, so is the food source for stinkpot turtles. Rotten logs and abandoned muskrat houses along shorelines are required by stinkpot turtles, as they provide necessary nesting habitat. When the shoreline is altered there is less habitat to sustain stinkpot populations.
Wetland drainage has also been a major factor contributing to stinkpot turtle habitat decline. The turtles do not have the capability of traveling overland to another area when a wetland is drained. Being highly aquatic, they will dehydrate quickly and face mortality when there is insufficient water available.
Stinkpot turtles have been extirpated from particular areas due to habitat destruction, and it is estimated that there has been a 30%-50% decline in the overall population. Because of their secretive nature, stinkpot turtles can disappear from an area without anyone ever noticing.


EDITORIAL: Historical Museum displays importance of city's past
The Detroit Historical Society, the nonprofit organization which funds and operates the Historical Museum, took several gambles in the years since the city shed most of its support.
Detroit and suburban residents will be glad it did.
The museum, located on Woodward north of the main Detroit Public Library and across from the Detroit Institute of Arts, reopened after being closed for half a year for extensive renovation.
It has several major new exhibits, including some nostalgia.
Exhibits include a 20th century history of the city's culture, its musical heritage, the Underground Railroad and the city's importance to the Allied effort during World War II as the Arsenal of Democracy.
The neon Detroit Tigers sign from the demolished stadium is there. So is a Little Caesar's mascot, a machine gun from the Prohibition era and a bronze drinking fountain from the downtown J.L. Hudson's store.
Museums should provide "aha!" moments for visitors. There are many of them here.
The Historical Society several years ago took over operation of the museum much as the Detroit Zoological Society took over operation of the zoo, after support dried up from the city, which owned both institutions. It might have been a gamble, but in retrospect, it was a safe bet.
The Historical Society currently almost all of a $2.8-million budget from donations.
Some of the rest comes from sales. But museum admission fees have been eliminated.
In another gamble, it mounted a $20 million campaign three years ago for the new exhibits, renovations, digitizing much of its collection and paying for operating expenses. Two-thirds of the amount has been raised.
Many suburban residents, we gather, washed their hands of the central city years ago or avoid it if they never had an earlier connection. That's unfortunate, given Detroit's important place in the development
of the region and the likelihood that it will take on greater importance in years to come.
We hope the Museum with its new exhibits will make that clear to all who visit.


m, true)|
+------------------+------------------------+
| LINESTRING EMPTY| POINT (1 1)|
+------------------+------------------------+
Note
In Sedona up to and including version 1.2 the behaviour of ST_MakeValid was different.
Be sure to check you code when upgrading. The previous implementation only worked for (multi)polygons and had a different interpretation of the second, boolean, argument. It would also sometimes return multiple geometries for a single geometry input.
ST_MinimumBoundingCircle
Introduction: Returns the smallest circle polygon that contains a geometry. The optional quadrantSegments parameter determines how many segments to use per quadrant and the default number of segments has been changed to 48 since v1.5.0.
Format:
ST_MinimumBoundingCircle(geom: Geometry, [Optional] quadrantSegments: Integer)
Since: v1.0.1
Spark SQL Example:
SELECT ST_MinimumBoundingCircle(ST_GeomFromWKT('LINESTRING(0 0, 0 1)'))
Output:
POLYGON ((0.5 0.5, 0.4997322937381828 0.4836404585891119, 0.4989294616193017 0.4672984353849285, 0.4975923633360985 0.4509914298352197, 0.4957224306869052 0.4347369038899742, 0.4933216660424395 0.4185522633027057, 0.4903926402016152 0.4024548389919359, 0.4869384896386668 0.3864618684828134, 0.4829629131445342 0.3705904774487396, 0.4784701678661044 0.3548576613727689, 0.4734650647475528 0.3392802673484192, 0.4679529633786629 0.3238749760393833, 0.4619397662556434 0.3086582838174551, 0.4554319124605879 0.2936464850978027, 0.4484363707663442 0.2788556548904993, 0.4409606321741775 0.2643016315870012, 0.4330127018922194 0.25, 0.4246010907632894 0.2359660746748161, 0.4157348061512726 0.2222148834901989, 0.4064233422958076 0.2087611515660989, 0.3966766701456176 0.1956192854956397, 0.3865052266813685 0.1828033579181773, 0.3759199037394887 0.1703270924499656, 0.3649320363489179 0.1582038489885644, 0.3535533905932738 0.1464466094067263, 0.3417961510114357 0.1350679636510822, 0.3296729075500345 0.1240800962605114, 0.3171966420818228 0.1134947733186316, 0.3043807145043603 0.1033233298543824, 0.2912388484339011 0.0935766577041924, 0.2777851165098012 0.0842651938487274, 0.264033925325184 0.0753989092367106, 0.2500000000000001 0.0669872981077807, 0.2356983684129989 0.0590393678258225, 0.2211443451095007 0.0515636292336559, 0.2063535149021975 0.0445680875394122, 0.1913417161825449 0.0380602337443566, 0.1761250239606168 0.0320470366213372, 0.1607197326515808 0.0265349352524472, 0.1451423386272312 0.0215298321338956, 0.1294095225512605 0.0170370868554659, 0.1135381315171867 0.0130615103613332, 0.0975451610080642 0.0096073597983848, 0.0814477366972944 0.0066783339575605, 0.0652630961100259 0.0042775693130948, 0.0490085701647804 0.0024076366639016, 0.0327015646150716 0.0010705383806983, 0.0163595414108882 0.0002677062618172, 0 0, -0.016359541410888 0.0002677062618172, -0.0327015646150715 0.0010705383806983, -0.0490085701647802 0.0024076366639015, -0.0652630961100257 0.0042775693130948, -0.0814477366972942 0.0066783339575605, -0.097545161008064 0.0096073597983847, -0.1135381315171866 0.0130615103613332, -0.1294095225512603 0.0170370868554658, -0.1451423386272311 0.0215298321338955, -0.1607197326515807 0.0265349352524472, -0.1761250239606166 0.0320470366213371, -0.1913417161825448 0.0380602337443566, -0.2063535149021973 0.044568087539412, -0.2211443451095006 0.0515636292336558, -0.2356983684129987 0.0590393678258224, -0.2499999999999999 0.0669872981077806, -0.264033925325184 0.0753989092367106, -0.277785116509801 0.0842651938487273, -0.291238848433901 0.0935766577041924, -0.3043807145043602 0.1033233298543823, -0.3171966420818227 0.1134947733186314, -0.3296729075500343 0.1240800962605111, -0.3417961510114356 0.1350679636510821, -0.3535


text:
Index Baevsky is an index showing the degree of centralization in the management of the heart rhythm. It is calculated by electrocardiogram, using a special formula. It was named after the Russian scientist Roman Markovich Baevsky, who first applied it.
Normally, in a calm state, the heart rhythm is mainly regulated by own pacemaker and by those local influences that come from sympathetic and parasympathetic ganglia, and also by the level of certain hormones in the blood. In this case, the frequency of the heart rhythm fluctuates wavy, the time difference between individual heart beats is sufficiently large and the index is low.
In conditions requiring high alertness, rapid response, in stress and certain pathological conditions, more highly organized structures of the brain (the trunk and cortex of the brain) are connected to the regulation of the heart rhythm. The rhythm becomes more regular, the time between beats becomes the same. This is the so-called "hard rhythm". The index is greatly increased.
With pathological heart conditions, the index also increases, and with a high risk of myocardial infarction, it can exceed 500-600 conventional units In people with a healthy cardiovascular system, against a background of stress, increased attention and readiness, this figure sometimes rises to 200-300 conventional units. And the higher this indicator is the stronger the level of stress is. It is interesting to note that the index also increases in patients with increased anxiety, even if the cause of anxiety is not realized. And this index can be a fairly reliable objective indicator of the effectiveness of psychotherapy of anxiety states.