Converting between Celsius and Kelvin
Return to KMT & Gas Laws Menu
There are not any high school level gas law problems that the ChemTeam is aware of that use the Celsius temperature directly in the calculation.
If you have a Celsius temperature in the problem, you MUST change it to Kelvin, in order to use it in your problem.
Sometimes your teacher might put a temperature in the problem, but you really don't need to use it. Your teacher is doing what he or she is driven to do: confuse poor teenage kids. The ChemTeam understands this fully for, you see, this is what happened in his class. (The ChemTeam is retired now.) All teachers know this is really fun! OK, back to work.
You can convert between Celsius and Kelvin like this: Kelvin = Celsius + 273.15. Often, the value of 273 is used instead of 273.15. Check with your teacher on this point. All examples to follow will use 273.
A point before going on to some problems: very often in gas law problems it looks like significant figure rules are being violated. The reality is that they are not. In reality, the significant figure concept is more complex than the simple rules taught at this level.
However, having said that, be careful to watch your teacher's actions in class and ask what the rules are in your class. If I am saying something different than what your teacher wants you to do, please don't use this phrase: "Well, there's some guy on the Internet who says you're wrong."
Last point: never, ever, use a degree sign on Kelvins. Do not do this: °K. This is what is know as an 'idiot indictor.' You do that and your study partner will say "Didn't you lean anything in high school? You're an idiot." The ChemTeam will remain silent as to the reasons.
Also, never say 'degrees Kelvin.' This value: 225 K is said "two hundred twenty five Kelvins." Please trust the ChemTeam on these points.
Example #1: convert 25.0 °C to Kelvin.
Answer: 25.0 + 273 = 298.0
Essentially the 273 is being treated as 273.0
Everybody (except you!) in chemistry knows the true conversion value is 273.15, but the decimal portion is usually ignored. Also, the most common type of thermometer in high school labs is readable to the nearest tenth. So temperatures are usually written just to the tenth place at this introductory level
The ChemTeam occasionally had a student who insisted on using 273.15. You may be the same. However, be careful on this. You may do a calculation on a test (or a web-based assignment) using 273.15 and the answer was done with 273. That difference may generate a value for your answer that causes a deduction of points. Follow the policy your classroom teacher sets down.
Example #2: convert 375 K to degrees Celsius.
Answer: 375 − 273 = 102 °C
Example #3: Convert −50 °C to Kelvin. (That's a minus 50.)
Answer: −50 plus 273 = 223 K
Here are some temperature conversion problems (no answers provided):
1. What temperature scale must always be used when working gas law problems? __________
2. The boiling point of water on the Kelvin scale is __________.
3. 0 K is also known as __________.
4. 40.0 °C is what temperature on the Kelvin scale?
5. -20.0 °C is what temperature on the Kelvin scale?
6. 298 K is what temperature in degrees Celsius?
7. What is the temperature (give in both °C and K) at STP?
8. Convert -145.0 °C to K
9. Convert 20.0 °C to K
10. Convert 252 K to °C
Return to KMT & Gas Laws Menu


Car (External Aerodynamics)
1. Create Case
After opening SimFlow, we will create a new case named car
1. Go to New panel
2. Provide name car
3. Click Create Case
2. Import Geometry
Firstly we need to Download Geometry: car_body.stl
1. Click Import Geometry
2. Select geometry file car_body.stl
3. Click Open
3. Geometry - Car Body
After importing geometry, it will appear in the 3D window
1. Click Fit View to zoom in on the geometry
4. Meshing Properties - Car Body
After geometry is loaded, we can proceed to define meshing properties. To better resolve the flow around the car body, we want to refine mesh near the car geometry by specifying minimum and maximum refinement levels.
1. Go to Hex Meshing panel
2. Select car_body geometry
3. Enable Meshing
4. Set Refinement Min 3 Max 5
5. Base Mesh
Base Mesh is a domain mesh of our simulation from which the final mesh will be created by carving out the geometry of the car.
1. Go to Base tab
2. Define base mesh parameters accordingly
Min [m] -6 0 0
Max [m] 14 6 8
3. Set the division of the base mesh
Division 50 15 20
6. Base Mesh Boundaries
We need to assign individual names to each side of the base mesh in order to be later able to define different conditions on each side.
1. Define boundary names accordingly
X- inlet
X+ outlet
Y- bottom
Y+ top
Z- symmetry
Z+ right
2, 3. Define boundary types accordingly
Y- wall
Z- symmetry
7. Material Point
Material Point tells the meshing algorithm on which side of the geometry the mesh is to be retained. We are modeling car aerodynamics so our material point needs to be located inside the Base Mesh but outside the car body.
1. Go to Point tab
2. Specify location inside base mesh but outside car geometry
Material Point 0 3 2
8. Meshing
Everything is now set up for meshing
1. Go to Mesh tab
2. Press Mesh button to start meshing process
9. Mesh
After meshing is finished, the new mesh will be displayed in the graphics window. To show the mesh of the car body we can use the Graphics Object List.
1. Click Graphics Object List icon
2. Select Mesh to show meshes list
10. Mesh - Toggle Visibility
You can hide domain boundaries to inspect the mesh on the car body.
1, 2. Hide the following objects
bottom inlet outlet right symmetry top
11. Select Solver - simpleFoam
We want to analyze incompressible turbulent flow around the car body. For this purpose, we will use the SIMPLE (simpleFoam) solver.
1. Go to Setup panel
2. Enable Steady State filter
3. Enable Incompressible filter
4. Select SIMPLE (simpleFoam) solver
5. Select solver
12. Turbulence
We are going to use the standard k-ω SST model to handle turbulence. This model gives very good agreement with experimental data and is commonly used for aerodynamics applications.
1. Go to Turbulence panel
2. Select RANS modeling
3. Select k-ω SST model
13. Boundary Conditions – Bottom (Flow)
We are simulating a car moving on a road. In this reference frame, the road has to move with respect to the car. We can achieve this by applying fixed velocity boundary condition on the bottom of the domain.
1. Go to Boundary Conditions panel
2. Select bottom boundary
3, 4. Set velocity
Type Fixed Value
Value [m/s] 20 0 0
14. Boundary Conditions – Inlet (Flow)
On the inlet, we are going to apply constant velocity, similarly to the bottom.
1. Select inlet boundary
2. Change boundary condition to Velocity Inlet
3. Define inlet velocity Reference Value [m/s] 20
15. Boundary Conditions – Inlet (Turbulence)
We are simulating a car moving in otherwise stationary air. Therefore, we specify low turbulence intensity on the inlet.
1. Go to Turbulence boundary conditions tab
2, 3. Set the following parameters accordingly
k Intensity [-] 5e-03
ω Mixing Length [m] 1e-03
16. Boundary Conditions - Right (Flow)
On the right and top boundary, we are going to force velocity to be tangent to the boundary.
1. Select right boundary condition
2. Go to Flow tab
3. Select Zero Gradient type
4. Select Slip type
17. Boundary Conditions - Right (Turbulence)
1. Go to Turbulence tab
2. Change turbulent kinetic energy Type to Zero Gradient
3. Change turbulent frequency Type to Zero Gradient
18. Boundary Conditions - Top (Flow)
We need to repeat the same steps to the top boundary condition
1. Select top boundary condition
2. Go to Flow tab
3. Select Zero Gradient type
4. Select Slip type
19. Boundary Conditions - Top (Turbulence)
1. Go to Turbulence tab
2. Change turbulent kinetic energy Type to Zero Gradient
3. Change turbulent frequency Type to Zero Gradient
20. Monitors - Forces
We want to monitor the simulation process by observing plots of the aerodynamic forces on the car
1. Go to Monitors panel
2. Go to Forces tab
3. For Monitored Boundaries select car_body
21. Run Simulation
1. Go to Run panel
2. Set Number of Iterations to at least 200
3. Click Run Calculation
22. Monitor Forces
During the simulation, we can observe whether forces on the car body stabilize which will mean that our simulation converges
23. Postprocessing - ParaView
After the simulation is finished, we can proceed to post-processing
1. Go to Postprocessing panel
2. Start ParaView
24. ParaView - Load Results
1. Make sure you have your case selected
2. Click Apply to load results
25. ParaView - Set View Direction
After loading results, we have to rotate the domain or change view direction to see the car.
1. Click Set view direction to +Z
26. ParaView - Display Velocity
We will now display velocity (U) contours.
1. Load latest results by clicking Last Frame icon
2. Select U (velocity) from the dropdown menu
3. Click Rescale to data range
27. ParaView - Coloring (I)
We can change the coloring scheme in ParaView to have nicer colors.
1. Click Edit Color Map from the menu placed on the left side, if the panel is not already shown.
2. Select Choose Preset from the Color Map Editor placed by default on the right side of the ParaView
28. ParaView - Coloring (II)
We can now select a new Color Preset.
1. Select jet preset.
2. Apply changes
3. Close Choose Preset window
29. ParaView - Coloring (III)
Now we can see the results with the new preset applied. We can also modify the number of displayed colors to see the results better.
1. Decrease Number od Table Values to 20
30. ParaView - Import Geometry
To display results on the original geometry, we can import the geometry directly into ParaView.
1. Click Open and select the original car_body.stl geometry to import it into ParaView.
2. Click on the Visibility icon to show the geometry.
31. ParaView - Final Results
Now we can see the final results with the original geometry.
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text:
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - View original article
Occupants of flophouses generally share bathroom facilities and reside in very tight quarters. The people who make use of these places are often transients. Quarters in flophouses are typically very small, and may resemble office cubicles more than a regular room in a hotel or apartment building.
American flophouses date at least to the 19th century, but the term "flophouse" itself is only attested from 1904, originating in hobo slang. In the past, flophouses were sometimes called "lodging houses" or "workingmen's hotels" and catered to hobos and transient workers such as seasonal railroad and agriculture workers, or migrant lumberjacks who would travel west during the summer to work and then return to an eastern or midwestern city such as Chicago to stay in a flophouse during the winter. This is described in the 1930 novel The Rambling Kid by Charles Ashleigh and the 1976 book The Human Cougar by Lloyd Morain. Another theme in Morain's book is the gentrification which was then beginning and which has led cities to pressure flophouses to close.
Some city districts that currently have or once had flophouses in abundance became well known in their own right, such as the Bowery in Manhattan, New York City. As of 2006, building prices and value in the Bowery have significantly increased, and this combined with increased gentrification in the area seriously threatens the ability of flophouses and inexpensive boarding-style hotels to remain open.
In 1950s Hong Kong, cage homes, which have been described as "wire mesh cages resembling rabbit hutches crammed into a dilapidated apartment" were built for single working men from Mainland China. As of 2012, the number of impoverished residents in Hong Kong was estimated at 1.19 million, and cage homes, along with substandard housing such as cubicle apartments, were still serving a portion of this sector's housing needs. The combination of high rents and income inequality has been given as one reason that cage homes persist.
These were lofts or other large, open buildings that were subdivided into tiny cubicles using boards or sheets of corrugated iron. Since these walls were always one to three feet short of the floor or ceiling, the open space was sealed off with chicken wire, hence the name "cage hotels."
A similar preference for cage hotels over shelters was reported in turn of the century New York City, where single working men ranked their housing preference in the following order:
They preferred lodging and boarding houses to cages, cages to dormitories, dormitories to flops, and flops to the city's shelters. Men could act on these preferences by moving as their incomes increased.
|Look up flophouse in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.|

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
- The Water-Energy-Carbon Nexus: Optimising Rainwater Harvesting in Mexico City
The Water-Energy-Carbon Nexus: Optimising Rainwater Harvesting in Mexico City
24 mayo 2016
M. Carmen Valdez
Environ. Process. (2016) 3:307–323
This study compares greenhouse gases emissions and energy consumption of
buildings supplied by the municipal water grid in Mexico City against different configurations of rainwater harvesting systems. A comparative simulation model was built for this purpose. Life-cycle assessment methodology was used to embrace impacts not only from operation (e.g. pumping energy) but also from building the system (e.g. materials, their transportation, etc.).
This analysis is essential to improve Mexico City's water management. The city's aquifer is overexploited, which has caused land subsidence; the city is prone to flooding for being located in an endorheic basin and highly urbanised; it consumes 1.23 kWh/m3 to supply water to the municipal grid (65 \% of it to import 18 \% of its water demand from neighbouring basins); and between 30\% and 50 \% of this water is lost through grid leakages. The model was used to analyse eleven different types of buildings. Results proved that rainwater harvesting can reduce greenhouse gases emissions in Mexico City and three of the four harvesting scenarios also aid at mitigating flooding risk.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
On the occasion of World Cancer Day which was observed on 04.02.2024, the Department of Community Medicine conducted a Health Education Program at the Urban Health Training Centre, Saraswathi Nagar.
Dr. Jyothi Conjeevaram, Professor & HOD spoke in detail about various cancers that are common in India and also the most common cancers among men & women in India. She also briefed them about Self Breast Examination which is an important and other factors preventive practice. The role of diet and the use of tobacco products in causing cancer was also dealt with at length.
Dr. Saranya, a Post-Graduate of Community Medicine enlightened the gathering about breast cancer, its risk factors, and screening for breast cancer. Dr. Kumar, Professor of Community Medicine.
Dr C Kumar, Professor, Dr. Sai Sravan, Associate Professor, other faculty, PG & Interns of the department also participated in the event. Dr. D.M. Karthik, M.O., UHTC actively participated in conducting the health education program. Dr. Prasad, Associate Professor of Biochemistry & NSS Program Officer, at Narayana Medical College also attended the Program.


text:
Definition of docking:
- of Dock
subtracting (part of speech: verb)
Thus the rival had the first chance at the job of carrying the lines from the docking
steamships to men waiting on the pier to make them fast.
- "Dan Merrithew", Lawrence Perry.
She was able to do three- quarters of all this work, except major repairs and those which required docking.
- "The Victory At Sea", William Sowden Sims Burton J. Hendrick.
Provided, that nothing contained in this section shall affect the right of a miner or loader and his employer to agree upon deductions by the system known as docking,
on account of such slate, sulphur, rock, dirt or other impurity.
- "Mining Laws of Ohio, 1921", Anonymous.


text:
Implication Of Perforated Jet In Flow Characterises
The study of free jets is a phenomenon of functional and operational importance for space research activities. The
exhaust nozzle forms an integral part of any space vehicle and significantly affects the related mission. This necessitates the
need to study the efflux from an exhaust nozzle to understand the flow characteristics and performance parameters. The flow
emanating from the exhaust nozzle had been extensively studied but preceding works mostly resorted to circular or
rectangular opening. The force propelling these vehicles is directly affected by the nozzle shape and size which varies from
nozzle to nozzle. The flow characteristics and related performance parameters are very likely to be altered with change in
nozzle size and shape. This aspect of exhaust nozzles is yet to be explored. In this work, we mainly focus on optimizing the
shape of exhaust nozzle for maximum performance. An existing experimental apparatus was adapted for the study.
Experiments were carried out on jet emanating from a rectangular opening and compared with that of a perforated opening
of a fixed diameter. The specific objectives of the work were to investigate the role of various exit shapes on flow features,
performance parameters and to know the role of important parameters.
KeywordsFree jet, Flow interaction, Perforated jet, Momentum loss, Exit shape.


text:
Masking by Moving: Learning Distraction-Free Radar Odometry from Pose Information
Proceedings of the Conference on Robot Learning, PMLR 100:303-316, 2020.
This paper presents an end-to-end radar odometry system which delivers robust, real-time pose estimates based on a learned embedding space free of sensing artefacts and distractor objects. The system deploys a fully differentiable, correlation-based radar matching approach. This provides the same level of interpretability as established scan-matching methods and allows for a principled derivation of uncertainty estimates. The system is trained in a (self-)supervised way using only previously obtained pose information as a training signal. Using 280km of urban driving data, we demonstrate that our approach outperforms the previous state-of-the-art in radar odometry by reducing errors by up 68% whilst running an order of magnitude faster.


Memory Alpha
37,227pages on
this wiki
Nogami, shortly after being revived in 2371
Nogami was a second lieutenant in the Japanese military in the early 20th century. In 1937 Nogami was one of three hundred Humans abducted from Earth by an alien species called the Briori and taken to an unnamed class L planet in the Delta Quadrant. Nogami and seven of the other abductees were put in cryogenic stasis and came to be known to the abductees' descendants as "the 37's". They remained in stasis until the crew of the USS Voyager revived them in 2371.
After being revived, Nogami chose to remain with the Human settlement on the planet when Voyager left to resume its journey back to the Alpha Quadrant, reflecting that he would be very happy living among the descendants of the original Japanese abductees, who had apparently grown into a sizable community since their arrival on the planet. (VOY: "The 37's")
Nogami was played by James Saito.
His name was in the script and never mentioned in dialog.
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text:
The principal design requirement of cryogenic systems used for liquid argon neutrino detectors is ultra-high purity. The primary impurities that affect operation of the detector are electronegative types such as oxygen and water, or light quenching varieties such as nitrogen. It is the electronegative property of oxygen and water that causes reduced rates in the detection of neutrino interactions with the argon atoms. Fermilab designs and installs systems that include filtration equipment that facilitates passive removal of both oxygen and water. Nitrogen reduces the efficiency of the light collection system; however, no method for removing nitrogen is being utilized currently. Instead, it is expected that the argon from the supplier is below the purity threshold set by the detector operational requirements.
The longest-running liquid argon detector experiment at Fermilab, MicroBooNE, has been in operation since mid-2015. There is substantial interest in monitoring the rate at which the purity decreases during a disruption in the operation of the filtration equipment relative to the rate at which purity is recovered. It has been observed that in the event of a disruption, purity will rapidly reach a level below that which is needed for detector operation but will subsequently require a longer period to recover. This system behavior is significant due to the loss of neutrino interactions while the liquid argon is purified to the level required for the detector. Therefore, this analysis seeks to develop an improved understanding of this behavior to lend insight into future designs and operation of these cryogenic systems.


Create an archive on the fly using the Create ZIP File class
 image
 Class Create ZIP File
 A very interesting class that forms a full-fledged work with ZIP archives.
 Create a class object: Add a file to the archive: Let's test the script, upload any file to our server (in my case it is file.data), and pack it into a zip archive and save to disk.
 $createZip = new createZip;
 $file = "FILE";
 $createZip - >addFile($file, "file.data");
 // Получим содержимое файла в виде одной строки
 $file = file_get_contents("file.data");
 $createZip->addFile($file, "file.data");
 $fileName = "file.zip";
 $fd = fopen ($fileName, "wb");
 $out = fwrite ($fd, $createZip -> getZippedfile());
 fclose ($fd);
 // Линк на наш архив
 $createZip -> forceDownload($fileName);
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text:
What products can cassava be processed into? What equipment is needed to produce different products?
In order to improve economic development, many cassava growing countries encourage the deep processing of cassava into various cassava products, such as cassava starch, cassava flour, garri, cassava chips and so on. And here I will introduce three of the most cost-effective cassava products in combination with the cassava processing equipment required.
First cassava product: cassava starch
Cassava is also called the king of starch, the high starch content character makes it very profitable to process cassava into cassava starch. The detailed cassava starch production process and cassava starch processing equipment are as follows:
Cassava—cleaning(dry sieve)—washing(paddle washing machine)—crushing(cutting machine and rasper)—separating(centrifuge sieve)—concentrating(hydrocyclone station)—dehydrating(peeler centrifuge)—drying(flash dryer)—cassava starch.
Cassava starch processing equipment
Second cassava product: cassava flour
Cassava flour can replace wheat flour in everyday use, such as baking, pasta, thickening, farofa, etc. In order to reduce their dependence on wheat flour imports, many developing countries have issued policies to support the development of cassava flour processing businesses. The detailed cassava flour production process and cassava flour processing equipment are as follows:
Cassava—cleaning(dry sieve)—washing(paddle washing machine)—crushing(cutting machine and rasper)—dehydrating(plate-frame filter press)—milling (hammer crusher)—drying(flash dryer)—cassava flour.
Cassava flour processing equipment
Third cassava product: garri
Garri is a staple food in many African countries, like Nigeria, Benin Republic, Togo, Ghana, Guinea, Cameroon and Liberia, etc. The market demand of garri is large and steady, so the investors can process cassava into garri at ease. The detailed garri production process and garri processing equipment are as follows:
Cassava—cleaning(dry sieve)—washing(paddle washing machine)—peeling(cassava peeling machine) —grinding(cassava grinding machine)—dewatering(hydraulic press)—milling (hammer crusher)—frying(garri fryer)—garri
Garri processing equipment
Henan Jinrui Company has advanced cassava processing technology and professional engineering and technical teams to design and customize high-quality cassava processing equipment according to customers' requirements. If you also want to invest in cassava processing business for more profits, welcome to contact Jinrui Company at any time！


text:
Curio 1.0.1 Release Notes
February 17th, 2004 — our first public release!
Curio 1 runs on macOS Jaguar (10.2) or above, with Safari.
- Page Setup changes are now stored with the document.
- Dossier and text figure text views now have continuous spell checking enabled.
- Select All in an idea space now selects scribble region as well.
- Added m4p to the list of music asset extensions so they can be played within the idea space.
- Library assets marked for deletion weren't being purged.
- Resizing the dossier's Edit Questions dialog had problems.
- Fixed issue with Quick Zoom: press the q key, click on a figure, drag it, then release, and release the q key. You were placed where you clicked, not where you released.
- Fixed issues with dossier text views wrapping text under the scrollbar region.
- Dragging categories around in dossier's Edit Questions is now easier to do.
- Option-dragging a figure or scribble region used to jump a bit when the drag started.
- Redraw problems when pasting a figure rectangle.
- Pasted figure archives are now arranged a bit nicer.
- Dropped assets from the Finder are now arranged a bit nicer.
- Undoing the creation of a rectangle is now cleaner.
- Greatly increased the selection speed when dragging a selection region.
- Full Screen mode is now canceled if the last document is closed.
- The opacity inspector control is now disabled if the eraser tool is used.
- Crash no longer occurs if, while editing a text figure, you press and hold spacebar to activate hand-scroll mode.
- Inspector is now cleared when the project dossier is brought up.
- Undoing asset title changes where multiple instances exist in an idea space is now cleaned up.
- You can now save while still in the middle of editing a text figure and the edits are saved.
- Holding Shift while creating a rectangle or circle figure is no longer flakey.
- Grabbing resize handles is now a lot easier.
- Fixed problem in the asset library with tracking multiple references of a child asset within the same idea space.
- Dossier text views now support Bold and Italic formatting menu items and hot keys.
- Show Ruler now toggles to Hide Ruler as appropriate.
- Document attributes are now only saved if the user specifically saves the document.
- Fixed fuzzy text problems with using Quick Zoom or the zoom-to-fit scaling feature.
- Deleting an idea space no longer removes contained assets.
- Fixed horizontal scrollbar resize issue when Organizer is collapsed.


Applied Safety + Ergonomics
Excerpt from Abstract
Various types of safety interventions (i.e., design attributes, guarding, personal protective equipment, training, warnings, etc.) can be, and often are, used to enhance safety with products or in environments. However, a safety intervention introduced into a system can, as with other changes to a system, produce secondary effects that have the potential to reduce the safety of the system rather than increase it as intended. One such effect…is that humans may adapt their behavior in the presence of a safety intervention and that this behavioral adaptation can create a continuum of effects ranging from a positive increase in safety to a net decrease in safety. Several examples of behavioral adaptation are provided and implications for human factors and safety professionals are discussed.
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Fargesia
Fargesia is a genus of flowering plants in the bamboo family Poaceae. They are medium to small mountain clumping bamboos, native to alpine conifer forests of East Asia, from China south to Vietnam and west to the eastern slopes of the Himalayas. They are known in Chinese as jian zhu ({zh|c=箭竹|p=jiànzhú}), meaning 'arrow bamboo'. There are .....
Found on _URL_
No exact match found


text: The pharmaceutical inventory management process adopted by the hospitals are facing challenges in data communication, which implied to excess inventory problems as the leading cause of bad forecast of their lack. This study aims to redesign the information flow and business process in the pharmaceutical inventory management by increasing its efficiency by implementing Vendor Managed Inventory (VMI) supported by the Internet of Things (IoT). Business Process Re-engineering (BPR) and Structured System Development (SSD) as a method used in this study. Four stages of SSD consist of structuring Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD), relational table, use case diagram, and Data Flow Diagram (DFD) for process improvement. This study proposed five improvement scenarios simulated using iGrafx. The best scenario for the hospital to consider in conducting improvement is VMI intervention, IoT technology in the form of QR Code or RFID Tag, and Hospital Management Information System (HMIS) development. The proposed model resulted in pharmaceutical inventory management's time efficiency to 95.64%, which previously took 22.11 days to 7.72 hours.


text:
Generic service component development for SPICE environment
MetadataShow full item record
This master thesis provides a study of the initial generic component model developed within the Service Platform for Innovative Communication Environment (SPICE) project and gives some examples of service components focusing on enabling components. An evaluation of the metadata describing these components is given along with the description of a roaming service functionality. This thesis defines the term enabling service, which is a service used by another service in order to provide parts of the service functionality. Enabling services can be Instant Messaging enablers, location enablers and service discovery facilities. Proper metadata descriptions of these components are important in order to provide efficient discovery. Service roaming can also be seen as an enabling service providing the means for a user to change domains while still maintaining a service offer. This can be realised by a roaming agent who communicates with entities in both the home domain and the visited domain. In collaboration with two other students a testbed implementing a service for demonstration realising the SPICE E-Tourism scenario has been set up. The specification, implementation and testing of the service is included in this thesis focusing on the enabling services and the component support. Finally a discussion of the implemented system is given to evaluate the development methodology for the SPICE service components and to highlight possible improvements.


text:
DISSECT 2015 : Workshop on Security for Emerging Distributed Network Technologies
|15 May 2015 through 15 May 2015|
|15 Dec 2014|
|Engineering & Technology > Computer/Informatics|
IEEE/IFIP Workshop on Security for Emerging Distributed Network Technologies (DISSECT)
The emergence of next generation networking technologies and paradigms, such as cloud computing and software defined networking, has completely transformed the way networks are designed, deployed, and managed, and has brought a multitude of challenges to the spotlight of worldwide research. In this context, security has been one of the areas of major concern and thus research interest, especially with the growing demands of the general public for secure, trustworthy, and privacy-preserving data communication and management.
The main goal of the International Workshop on Security for Emerging Distributed Network Technologies (DISSECT) is to put focus on security issues and challenges arising with the emergence of novel networking technologies and paradigms. The workshop will shed light on new challenges and present state-of-the-art research on the various security aspects of next-generation networking technologies and service management frameworks.
DISSECT will offer a venue for bringing together students, researchers, and professionals from academia and industry sharing common interest on security challenges related to the design and management of the distributed networks and infrastructures. DISSECT is intended to (1) discussing these challenges as well as future trends on security management, (2) present and discuss work-in-progress security-related research on cutting-edge technologies, and (3) strengthening collaboration and research ties among peers.
Topics of Interest
In this workshop, the research community from industry and academia will be invited to contribute with manuscripts describing novel, work-in-progress research on the design of solutions to relevant security issues on a wide variety of next generation networking technologies. The topics of interest of the workshop include, but are not limited to
Secure networking architecture design
Intrusion detection and mitigation for emerging networks
Trust and privacy in social networks
Security and trust management in cloud environments
Security challenges on Internet of things
Secure design of software defined networking solutions
Networked, distributed systems security
Networks forensics and auditing
Security and privacy of mobile systems
Security measurement and analysis
Security "in-the-air" and "in-the-wire"
23 October 2014
1688 views | Be the first to rate this event
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text:
Stock Market, Economic Performance, and Presidential Elections
Originally Published In
Journal of Business & Economics Research
Using stock market and economic data from 1900 to 2008 from 27 separate presidential administrations in the United States (U.S.), including 15 Republican and 12 Democratic, this paper examines the relationships between the market return after each Election Day and economic performance during the presidential term. Using the theoretical framework of political economy , the authors examine how Wall Street's reaction to a presidential election acts as a predictive measure of future economic performance.The analysis shows that the after election market movement has progressively been more accurate in predicting the future Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth but not the future unemployment rates. Given that the results show a higher correlation over time, the model appears to provide a good starting point for judging the economic potential of future presidential administrations.


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High-speed digital signal integrity at data rates above 6 Gb/s is an obstacle to reliable serial link operation. Two signal integrity challenges include dispersion due to frequency-dependent losses and reflections created at impedance mismatches. Signal integrity analysis relies on time-domain simulation of pseudo-random data patterns. This paper explores a predictive method for interconnect eye closure caused by reflections at the transmitter and receiver and does not require extensive time domain simulation. Worst-case bounds on intersymbol interference and data-dependent jitter aid prediction for link budgets under channel variations. This method is applied to the design of a passive equalizer.


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The training of the guides from the local community, community projects, clothing distribution and HIV Aids awareness has been self-funded by Stormsriver Adventures since 1998.
Stormsriver Adventures has formed a non-profit organization, NPO number 077-407-NPO, this is already established comprising of 2 community representatives and 2 company representatives to establish priority projects within the community of Stormsriver.
Please feel free to contact us should you want to donate towards these projects.
The primary objective of the organisation is to help lift the community out of abject poverty and to help them regain pride and become self-sufficient. To achieve this the charity has in the past, and will continue to be, involved in the following main activities:
- Children – Welfare (feeding scheme)
- HIV AIDS – support and excursions
- Animal welfare programme
- Clothing distribution to the needy
- Job creation for unemployed youth. – Skills development.
Based on the 5 areas priorities are defined as to which projects we can afford to initiate and support.
Respected community representatives provide valuable input ensuring that the projects supported are priority needs within the local community of Stormsriver.
Corporate Social Investment and Poverty Relief Initiatives
Stormsriver Adventures is a major role player in Poverty Relief Programs in the Tsitsikamma region, providing assistance and expertise.
- At a direct cost to the company, skills development and job creation initiatives have led to introducing the Stormsriver community to the Eco Adventure Tourism industry since inception of the company in 1998.
School feeding scheme
The provision of food for a school feeding scheme in terms of which each child in the school is provided with one proper meal a day. The aim of this aspect of the charitable work is to help uplift scholars academic achievement.
- 240 Primary school children are provided with a meal 4 times a week.
- The programme has been running since 2003.
Animal education and welfare programme
- This initiative is particularly aimed at the children with the prime objective of creating self worth and caring. The positive impact has been significant by way of teaching children responsibility and has translated into a more caring community. Teaching the community, mainly children, basic life skills through the animal welfare educational program. Using animals as a tangible means to enhance responsibility, self esteem and self-worth amongst the community.
- The programme involves dipping, mange treatment, sterilization campaigns animal trauma treatment and an Inoculation Programme.
- Environmental education excursions are conducted and include children from the local communities.
- Support of SMME's within the community i.e. laminating business operating from Stormsriver Adventures providing laminations to all clients that receive a Canopy Tour certificate on completion.
- Supporting and sponsoring of sport development within the community.
- A community owned craft initiative and local crafts can be purchassed from our small retail outlet. This major project is recieving support and assistance from Stormsriver Adventures.
- A catering company set up by Stormsriver Adventures in 2003 supplies all catering requirements and has created 5 positions for women.
HIV/AIDS Education and Awareness
The Company launched an aggressive committed campaign in 2006 to tackle the enormous challenge of HIV and AIDS. This campaign includes the following:
- Documented HIV/AIDS Policy.
- A documented TB Policy.
- Educational Workshops are held with Staff which include discussions forums, talks by HIV positive Community members, use of literature and audiovisual material.
- The formation of the 'We Care' Movement, comprising of Staff members who undertake Outreach Programmes into the Community to educate and dispel the stigma attached to AIDS.
- The use of 'I know' badges to encourage voluntary testing.
- Assisting the local Primary School with education and awareness.
- Appointment and capacitation of an AIDS Counselor by way of Courses fully sponsored by the Company.


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Jacket Plum – Pappea capensis
Jacket Plum, Pappea capensis, is a long-lived, hardy, evergreen, small to medium fruit bearing tree, indigenous to southern Africa. It reaches heights of 2-8 meters and under ideal conditions can grow at a moderate rate but slow-growing under dry and/or cold conditions. Jacket Plum is of value as a street tree, shade tree in parking lots and townhouse gardens since it does not have an aggressive root system.
Pappea capensis leaves are simple and oblong, paler green below, hard-textured and rippled. Leaf borders vary from sharply toothed (in young growth) to almost smooth. Flowers are greenish, round and velvety, over 1cm in diameter, borne on catkins in the axils of the leaves, followed by round green velvety fruits. The wood is hard, light brown with a reddish shade, tough and heavy with a twined grain. Leaves and bark used as an important source of traditional medicine today.
Jacket Plum Fruit
Jacket Plum fruit is edible, with a tart flavor. It is eaten fresh or used to make preserves, jelly, vinegar and alcoholic drinks.
Jacket Plum Propagation Methods
Plant propagation is by seed and stem cuttings. Seeds should be collected from the ripe fruits, remove the red flesh and sow immediately. Pappea capensis is a member of the family Sapindaceae the genus Pappea. The plant can tolerate both cold and heat as well as prolonged periods of drought. Nursery-grown plants adapt well to cultivation.
Jacket Plum, Pappea capensis
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Maryland Safe and Supportive Schools (MDS3) Initiative
What is the MDS3 Initiative?
The MDS3 Initiative is funded by a grant awarded to the Maryland State Department of Education (MSDE) by the Office of Safe and Drug Free Schools at the United States Department of Education (CFDA#84.184Y). The Initiative is funded to develop a sustainable state-wide system to measure school climate, the school environment, student engagement, and school safety in high schools. Participating schools will receive training, resources, support, and coaching in the implementation of evidence-based programs (EBPs) to meet the needs of their students and school community. Sheppard Pratt Health System and Johns Hopkins will collaborate with MSDE in the implementation and evaluation of the Initiative.
What is the purpose of the MDS3 Initiative?
This Initiative builds on the State's 11-year Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports (PBIS) Initiative, which has supported implementation of the universal, School-wide PBIS model in over 900 Maryland schools. Additional support and more intensive interventions are needed for high schools to provide a continuum of strategies to meet the needs of their students. The MDS3 Initiative provides the opportunity to meet this need to improve school climate and reduce discipline problems, bullying, and substance use problems through the implementation of multi-tiered interventions. The data, coaching, professional development, and ongoing technical assistance provided through the MDS3 Initiative are designed to improve conditions for learning and, as a result, student achievement.
What Does MDS3 provide?
An online climate survey was developed by John Hopkins University in the winter of 2010 and administered to students, parents, and staff at all enrolled participating high schools in the spring of 2011 and 2012. This climate survey will be administered annually through 2014. Schools were randomly assigned to one of two groups: intervention schools or comparison schools. Upon completion of the survey in the spring, a climate profile score is provided for participating schools and is posted on this site, as required by the Office of Safe and Drug Free Schools. The intervention schools use their climate data to identify and prioritize specific needs for their school. Based on these needs, the schools select one or more interventions from a menu of Evidence Based Practice (EBPs). Sheppard Pratt Health System assigns Climate Specialists to each school to facilitate the implementation of those strategies with high fidelity. The schools in the comparison group have access to the survey data and receive an annual honorarium for their participation. Finally, at the end of the grant period, the comparison schools will receive the training in the EBPs selected by the school.
What will take place as a result of this funding?
The overarching outcome of the initiative is to improve the conditions for learning in participating high schools which will be accomplished by:
- Developing a sustainable state-wide system to measure school climate, the school environment, and student engagement in high schools;
- Analyzing collected data to create annual climate profiles and customized intervention plans for each school; and,
- Providing ongoing training and support in the implementation of related evidence-based programs in schools.
There are twelve (12) Local Education Agencies (LEAs) and 58 schools engaged in MDS3. Through a formal recruitment process led by MSDE, LEAs and their schools were enrolled in late 2010 and early 2011 for the remaining 3.5 years of the grant in the MDS3 Initiative (winter 2011 through summer 2014). Schools in the intervention condition receive training and on-site coaching and technical assistance in the implementation of one or more evidence-based programs that meet the specific needs of their school. Schools randomized to the comparison condition have access to the climate survey results, receive an honorarium for their participation, and receive training in the selected evidence-based programs at the end of the project (summer 2014). Climate profiles scores for schools in both conditions are posted here on this site.
It is important to understand that the posted scores have been attained through the responses to the climate surveys with the inclusion of existing incidence data for each school (details follow). The creation and posting of these scores is a requirement of this grant and much consideration has gone into its calculation. However, there is no way to determine the "value" of the scores, at this time. It is important to view these scores as an initial calculation of BASELINE data collected through the early administration of a newly developed Climate Survey. We anticipate that as the grant continues and multi-year data become available, some conclusions may be drawn, but that is not the case at this time.


Famous People We Wish Were Still Alive
Noble people have always strived towards improving the lives of others. Many achieve their goal of changing the world for the better, so much so that we end up missing them after their death. It is often the thought that the world could have utilized such individuals' wisdom that makes us wish they were still alive. Here is a list of such personalities whom we miss dearly.
Also Known As: Michael King Jr.
Birthday: 15 January 1929
Born In: Atlanta, Georgia, U.S.
Died On: 04 April 1968
Famous As: Civil Rights Activist
Martin Luther King Jr. was the leader of the civil rights movement in the USA. He employed Christian believes and non-violence methods like civil disobedience and paved the way for dignified and respected life for African-Americans.
Birthday: 14 March 1879
Born In: Ulm, Kingdom of Württemberg, German Empire
Died On: 18 April 1955
Famous As: Physicist
The Nobel laureate, Albert Einstein, was one of the greatest theoretical physicists who immensely contributed to the growth of modern physics and quantum mechanics. He is considered one of the most intelligent persons in history. Though not tested, his estimated intelligence quotient is regarded as a benchmark.
Also Known As: Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci
Birthday: 15 April 1452
Born In: Anchiano, Italy
Died On: 02 May 1519
Famous As: Polymath
Most of Leonardo da Vinci's paintings, including the world-renowned 'Mona Lisa,' are being studied and scrutinized by scholars, historians, and scientists among men from other professional fields in order to decipher the hidden messages. Perhaps, Leonardo could have helped decipher his works if he were still alive today.
Also Known As: Frederick Freddie Mercury, Farrokh Bulsara
Birthday: 05 September 1946
Born In: Stone Town, Tanzania
Died On: 24 November 1991
Famous As: Singer-songwriter, Record Producer
Known for his four-octave vocal range, Freddie Mercury is often considered one of the greatest lead singers in rock music history. His life was cut short by AIDS at the age of 45. In 2001, he was inducted posthumously into the 'Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.'
Also Known As: Robin McLaurin Williams
Birthday: 21 July 1951
Born In: Chicago
Died On: 11 August 2014
Famous As: American stand-up comedian
Regarded as one of the funniest comedians of all time, Robin Williams went on to achieve huge popularity as a film actor. If not for Lewy body dementia, which forced him to commit suicide by hanging, Robin would've continued making people laugh for many more years.


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- The definition of negligent is a careless person, or always failing to do the right thing.
An example of negligent is someone writing their ATM pin number on their bank card.
- habitually failing to do the required thing; neglectful
- careless, lax, inattentive, or indifferent
Origin of negligentMiddle English ; from Old French négligent ; from Classical Latin negligens, present participle of negligere: see neglect
- Given to or characterized by neglect, especially habitual neglect: The negligent worker missed another deadline.
- Law Acting with or done through negligence.
Origin of negligentMiddle English, from Old French, from Latin neglegēns, neglegent-, present participle of neglegere, to neglect; see neglect.
(comparative more negligent, superlative most negligent)


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Old Woman Plateau
- Name: Michael Labrum
- Phone: _PHONE_
- Email: _EMAIL_
The Old Woman Plateau Cooperative Wildlife Management Unit (CWMU) is located east of the junction between Salina Creek and Meadow up Salina Creek. There are really three parts to this CWMU. The north part has high elevations of 8600 feet in the south and 8400 feet in the north. Spring Canyon is the major drainage ranging from 7600 feet to 8400 feet. There are four (4) small parts (7400 feet to 7800 feet) of the Unit up the South Fork of Rock Canyon and Saddle Horse Canyon. Southeast of these four parcels over Emigrant Pass (7800 feet) is the south part of the Unit. The high point on this south part is 8200 feet. Coal Mine Creek, 7600 feet to 8100 feet, cuts the south part of this Unit on the westside. Mill Hollow, 7000 feet to 8200 feet, cuts the northeast corner of this south part. The most common elevation is 8100 feet but ranges from 6900 feet to 8800 feet with an elevation difference of 1900 feet. Fifty-six percent (56%) of the CWMU elevation ranges between 7600 feet and 8200 feet an elevation difference of 600 feet.
The majority of the Old Woman Plateau Cooperative Wildlife Management Unit (CWMU) is composed of Inter-Mountain Basins Montane Sagebrush Steppe (62). Colorado Plateau Pinyon-Juniper Woodland (36) is another common land cover type. Rocky Mountain Gambel Oak-Mixed Montane Shrubland (41) and Rocky Mountain Aspen Forest and Woodland (22) complete the dominant land cover mix.
One of the Old Woman Plateau Ranch Cooperative Wildlife Mangement Unit (CWMU) nearest weather stations, SALINA (427557), is about 4.6 km northeast from the northeast edge of the CWMU. SALINA has thirty-one (74) years of records, 1923 - 2007. During the FALL (September, October and November) the average precipitation is 2.48 inches, but it can be as high as 6.67 inches or as low as 0.43 inch. During the 91-day FALL period, 12 days will experience greater than or equal to 0.01 inch of precipitation, 8 days of greater than or equal to 0.10 inch, or 1 day of the greater than or equal to 0.50 inch of precipitation. Total FALL snowfall averages 2.8 inches but can be as high as 18.0 inches. FALL temperature at SALINA averages 49.9 degrees F. but can be as high as 102.0 degrees F. or as low as -8.0 degrees F. During the FALL, 48 days will be below freezing (32 degrees F.) and less than 4 days above 90 degrees F.
- Counties: Sevier
- Wildlife management unit(s): Central Mountains
- Name: Operator
- Phone: _PHONE_
- Best time to contact: weekdays 8AM-5PM
An estimate of the property size and the public/private composition
The satisfaction index ranges from 1 to 5 with 5 being the best. Hunters are asked how they rate their hunt and the satisfaction index is an average of those responses. This is a three-year average.
Hunter success is the percent of hunters who successfully harvested an animal, reported for years in which data is available.
Hunting opportunities (acres, days and dates)
The opportunity to hunt on this CWMU depends on the type of animal hunted
|Bull elk||8120||5||9/27-10/1 Nov. elk dates available|
Available hunting permits
Private indicates that there are permits available for sale by the CWMU operator
|Buck deer (management)||0||0|
|Can I bring a guest?||Yes.|
|Can I hunt on Sunday?||Yes.|
|Can I scout the CWMU before the season?||Yes.|
|Are horses allowed?||Yes.|
|Are ATV's allowed?||Yes.|
|Is a guide service available?||Yes.|
|Do you offer a packing service?||Yes.|
|Is lodging or food available?||Yes.|
|Can I camp on the CWMU?||Yes.|
|Is the CWMU handicapped accessible?||Yes.|
|Are maps available?||Yes.|
|Are any other activities offered on the CWMU?||No.|
|Are there any closed areas on the property?||No.|
Rules of conduct
- Contact operator for "12 most common questions"


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Luque Rod System
Luque rods are custom contoured metal rods that are fixed to each segment (vertebra) in the affected part of the spine. The main advantage is that the patient may not need to wear a cast or brace after the procedure. The main disadvantage is that the risk of injury to the nerves and spinal cord is higher than with a some other forms of instrumentation. This is because wires must be threaded through each vertebra near the spinal column, increasing the risk of such damage. Luque rods are sometimes used to treat Scoliosis.


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Image credit: Unsplash
Learning English can be tricky, more so when learners focus on more specific niches that require further knowledge and understanding of specific concepts, such as business and finance. According to a Journal of Education for Business study, English has become the dominant lingua franca of business and for the studying of business. This means that most learners pursuing a business education are learning in English.
However, technical terms within a niche can be difficult to learn, especially for English as second language learners. For English learners who are learning technical financial terms, understanding what they mean and how they apply them in real life can be difficult. Below, we'll look at five tips for English learners to better understand financial terms:
Follow English for finance textbooks
One of the best and most straightforward ways to learn English for finance is by following the flow and structure of finance textbooks. In a previous post on choosing effective English teaching materials, we emphasised that specialised textbooks are an English learner's first assistants in the learning process. Universal textbooks can help English learners study grammatical constructions and improve their lexical skills and pronunciation. Additionally, they have a clear lesson plan that learners can easily follow. Learning using an English for finance textbook can also provide learners with explanations and context for complex technical terms. Some other textbooks also come with special additional materials like dictionaries to help expand a learner's vocabulary for finance beyond basic grammar skills.
Examine real life examples
If the English learner is at a more advanced stage, then it will be a good practice to not only look at real-life examples, but also follow ones that will be relevant for those looking for employment in the finance sector in the near future. A good example of this would be the updated Basel regulations that started in January of this year, and affect banks and financial institutions across the UK and Europe. Understanding Basel compliance and how they allow financial corporations to stay compliant and prevent financial losses will be hugely beneficial for those looking at pursuing a career in finance. Even just studying the latest regulations will provide English language learners with an up-to-date list of the latest financial terminology.
Listen to podcasts about finance
An increasingly popular means of learning languages, podcasts are a great way to train language learners' listening, speaking, and pronunciation skills. Aside from expanding an English learner's vocabulary, podcasts often provide a conversational use of finance terms and concepts. Fortunately, podcasts of various topics are easily accessible today, including podcasts about finance. Personal finance podcasts such as Planet Money Summer School comes in different seasons, with each season covering specific topics, from investing to macroeconomics. The episodes are half an hour long and will often provide history, context, and engaging explanations about the topics discussed.
Watch movies about finance
Listening to discussions on finance can be a great way to learn and understand technical financial terms, but watching videos, movies, and TV shows about finance can help learners understand technical finance concepts while being entertaining and engaging as well. In a study published in the Journal of English Teaching through Movies and Media, researchers found that the use of transmedia in second-language learning has gained popularity in the past years. Thanks to the media, language learners won't have to travel to native English-speaking countries to learn the language. Watching media such as movies or shows about finance can provide real-world examples or instances of finance concepts. English learners can also learn idiomatic and idiosyncratic expressions from finance movies that are otherwise too informal or casual for official textbooks and dictionaries.
Try artificial intelligence
Last but not least, artificial intelligence can be a great teacher for technical finance terms. Among its many uses since its release to the public, people have also been experimenting with using ChatGPT for language learning. Formatted like a chatbot, OpenAI's ChatGPT is a language model that was trained on massive amounts of data. Apart from conversations in English, ChatGPT is also trained in other languages, such as Spanish, French, and German. This makes it easier for English as second language learners to understand finance terms by having the AI explain it to them in their native language. Another advantage of trying ChatGPT for learning technical finance is that it provides a personalised learning experience where learners can approach new topics or concepts at their own pace. ChatGPT can also provide additional resources for further reading when prompted to do so.
English is the international language of business and finance. If you are trying to improve your English financial terms, either as a beginner or as someone looking for a career in finance, we hope the above tips prove useful.
Article written by Rose Jennings


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Circle station, and the D Line's Reservoir station)
- South Street
- Greycliff Road (to be closed temporarily)
- Boston College (at Lake Street, Brighton; serving Boston College)
The "Cleveland Circle" line is the second of the three lines that separate west of Kenmore. This line travels on the surface of Beacon Street through Brookline. The C Line stations are primarily named for the cross-streets of Beacon Street. These are a few of the notable ones:
- Coolidge Corner (Coolidge Corner, Brookline, Beacon and Harvard Streets)
- Washington Square (Washington Square, Brookline, Beacon and Washington Streets)
- Cleveland Circle (Cleveland Circle, Brighton, Beacon Street and Chestnut Hill Avenue; in easy walking distance of the B Line's Chestnut Hill Ave station, and the D Line's Reservoir station)
The "Highland Branch" is the third of the three lines that separate west of Kenmore. It is named for the Highland Branch railroad line from the 19th century upon whose right-of-way it was built. It travels parallel to and south of Beacon Street through Brookline and Newton.
The Newton Centre and Newton Highlands stations still feature classic station houses from the early 20th century. The Newton Centre station was renovated into shops in the 1980s, but the Newton Highlands station is not actively used.
- Fenway (near The Fenway, Boston, by the old Sears building)
- Longwood (Chapel and Longwood Streets, Brookline)
- Brookline Village (off Harvard and Washington Streets, and Route 9, Brookline)
- Brookline Hills (Cypress and Tappan Streets, Brookline, by the Brookline High School)
- Beaconsfield (Dean Road and Beacon Street, Brookline)
- Reservoir (Cleveland Circle, Brookline, named for the Chestnut Hill Reservoir; in easy walking distance of the B Line's Chestnut Hill Avenue station and the C Line's Cleveland Circle station)
- Chestnut Hill (Hammond Street near Middlesex Road and Route 9, Newton)
- Newton Centre (Newton Centre, Newton, near Beacon and Centre Streets)
- Newton Highlands (Lincoln and Walnut Streets, Newton)
- Eliot (Route 9, Lincoln Street and Meredith Avenue, Newton)
- Waban (Beacon Street at Waban Square, Newton)
- Woodland (Washington Street, Newton, serving the Newton-Wellesley Hospital )
- Riverside (Grove Street, Newton, exit 22 off I-95, named for the Charles River)
The "Arborway" line diverges from the other three lines just west of Copley. It travels mainly on the surface of Huntington Avenue, emerging from its subway just west of the Symphony Hall station.
- Prudential (Huntington Ave, Back Bay, Boston, serving the Prudential Center)
- Symphony (Massachusetts and Huntington Aves, Boston, serving Symphony Hall)
- Northeastern University (Huntington Ave and Opera Place, Boston, serving Northeastern University)
- Museum of Fine Arts (Huntington Ave and Ruggles St, Boston, serving the Museum of Fine Arts)
- Longwood Medical Area (Huntington and Longwood Ave, Boston)
- Brigham Circle (Huntington Ave and Francis Street, Boston; private right-of-way ends south of here)
- Fenwood Street (Huntington Ave and Fenwood Street, Boston)
- Mission Park (Huntington Ave and Mission Park, Boston)
- Riverway (South Huntington and Huntington Aves, Boston)
- Back of the Hill (South Huntington Ave, Boston)
- Heath Street (Heath Street, Boston)
Train service originally ran on the E Line beyond Heath Street to Arborway, but service was "temporarily" replaced in 1985 by the number 39 bus. Pursuant to environmental mitigation commitments made by the state regarding the Central Artery/Tunnel Project, service south of Heath Street is supposed to resume as soon as the tracks and overhead wiring are reconstructed and a sufficient number of low-floor streetcars are available to operate the service.
Older trains have a red diagonal line through the E on the rollsign, which dates from an early streetcar practice of using that to signify a short-turn route. Since the E with a slash is on the same panel as Heath Street, it must be used, even though the E has ended at Heath Street for a long time.
- Jonathan Belcher, "Changes to Transit Service in the MBTA District, _PHONE_", Rollsign, November 28, 2003 ( - PDF)
- Flint, Anthony. "Mbta Halts Purchase of Green Line 'Lemons'." The Boston Globe December 12, 2004. ()
- A history of the Green Line
- MBTA official Green Line map
- Interactive Map (Unofficial)
- Operation manual for SLRV (Boeing) cars
The contents of this article is licensed from _URL_ under the GNU Free Documentation License. Click here to see the transparent copy and copyright details


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Betsy's Plesiosaur, Nichollsia borealis
Nichollsia borealis, one of the oldest and most complete plesiosaur fossils recovered in North America, and the oldest yet discovered from the Cretaceous Period, was uncovered in a Syncrude Canada Ltd. mine near Fort McMurray, Alberta, in 1994.
Two U of Calgary scientists, Dr. Patrick Druckenmiller and Dr. Anthony Russell have named the 2.6m long plesiosaur Nichollsia borealis in memory of the late Elizabeth (Betsy) Nicholls, former curator at the Royal Tyrrell Museum of Palaeontology. Nicholls was a renowned palaeontologist who is credited with transforming the understanding of prehistoric ocean life by describing the largest-ever marine reptile, a 23-metre-long ichthyosaur, discovered in northern British Columbia in 1999.
Elizabeth (Betsy) Nicholls conducting field work in northeastern B.C. Photo:Rolex Awards/Tomas Bertelsen.
"We chose this name because Betsy was a key player in the study of marine reptiles, a mentor to me, a former student of Tony, and a great person," said Druckenmiller, who is now Curator of Earth Sciences at the University of Alaska Museum of the North in Fairbanks, Alaska. "We felt it was a fitting way to honour both her memory and her accomplishments in palaeontology."
The fossil was discovered by machine operators Greg Fisher and Lorne Cundal in 1994 during routine mining operations at Syncrude's Base Mine, about 35 kilometres north of Fort McMurray near the Athabasca River. Amazingly, the specimen was serendipitously exposed by one of Syncrude's 100-ton electric shovels approximately 60 metres below ground surface. It is complete except for its left forelimb and shoulder blade.
Nichollsia is also very significant because it fills a 40-million-year gap in the plesiosaur fossil record and greatly increases the understanding of the ancient seaway that once split North America in two and whose shores abounded with dinosaurs.
"This individual was a pioneer in the marine waters that would eventually become the Cretaceous Western Interior Seaway, which ran the length of North America during much of the Cretaceous and was home to one of the world's most diverse communities of marine reptiles," Druckenmiller said. "It represents the oldest known forerunner of this amazing period in North American prehistory."
Nichollsia borealis is currently on display in the Discoveries Gallery at the Royal Tyrrell Museum. The paper is published in Palaeontographica Abteilung A, but I can't find a doi for it.


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- Status in VT: Decreased by 2% (177 to 174 blocks). Greatest decrease in Northeastern Highlands.
- Data from other research: No additional data for VT.
- Conservation status: State rank S5B
- Other atlases: NY: -2%; PA: -1%; MD: 2%; ON: -22%
- VT's role in North American range: VT is in the southeastern edge of the range.
- Causes of change since first Atlas: Forest succession (?).
- Management/Monitoring recommendations: No current recommendations.
First Vermont Breeding Bird Atlas (_PHONE_)
Second Vermont Breeding Bird Atlas (2003 – 2007)
Change in Distribution
Encyclopedia of Life
All About Birds


𝓘𝓷𝓼𝓽𝓪𝓰𝓻𝓪𝓶 𝓕𝓸𝓷𝓽
Generate your instagram fonts - (𝓬𝓸𝓹𝔂 𝕒𝕟𝕕 𝓅𝒶𝓈𝓉𝑒) for you bio with largest collection of fancy fonts on the web.
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Instagram Font
Type or Paste your text that generate text fonts.
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Instagram Fonts
Gram Font is place helping to generate text fonts into cute and special fonts as you like. Then, you can use it to change your instagram bio. It will make your instagram more unique. You can write some text into the blank box and our site will automatically change your text into many different font types.
The site runs by creating a type of different styles using a range of different Unicode characters. Generating Instagram-compatible Unocode glyphs. Read more information about Unicode below.
Computers save all data in binary format. It means that it includes zezos and ones. Therefore, all of letters you are reading now are stored on my serves as a series of zeros and ones. The way from our server to your browsers run exactly when the browsers can understand what zeros and ones are refering to. Since 1980s with the formation of Unicode, Unicode is known as international standards body. Before Unicode system, people used other way to store and render text. That's the reason why programmers need to build "translator" for different programs. Then, they could understand which codes reffered to which textual characters.
In beginning, people don't like to change their system to follow this new sec. Meet the need of customers, Unicode has releaseda bunch of different symbol supporting legacy system. Emojis are also text symbol, and so the new emojis are coming out of the Unicode group. So that's how we ended up with large and fun arrays of symbols. We've put together a bunch of fonts for instagram which is interesting and coool for your bio. I'm sure that you will love "mix and match" certain parts from different fonts.
Text font for text symbols
ACSII characters are the first 128 symbols of Unicode, and they are the thing you reading right now. However, there are far more than 128 symbols in Unicode, and the fact that there are quite a few symbols that loook a bit like regular alphabets (e.g that looks like English take), "pseudo alphabet" is created which resemble normal ACSII text, but which have certain differences including bing bolder, italic, or even upside down!
The alphabet are not perfect – they're basically "Unicode hacks" which take benefits of various symbols from different set of all throughout the 100k+ symbols in standard.
The term "font" actually refers to a set of graphics that correspond to some on all of the Unicode glyphs. You probably heard of "Comic Sans" and "Arial" – these are fonts. What you are copying and pasting above are actually symbols that exists in every font. So the cursive text and other fancy letters that you notice above are sperate characters, just like "a" and "b" are separate characters.
Copy and paste
Why do you need to care that they are separate characters?
Because if they weren't ( e.g It's just normal fonts, then you wouldn't copy and paste them. Some comic Sans are hard to be added in bio because they are just normal ACSII symbols and the fact is that they are displayed in an one font on their website that doesn't mean it can be displayed in other font, other site. It belongs to the web owner's font setting.
However, if you just find a set of Unicodes which look like a specific font, or has some style sbout bold, italic,..etc. then we can simulate the font.
You can see that you can't use some fonts on insta. The reason is that insta filters out some of the fancy letters and symbols to stop people to abus certain Unicodes stuff like the excessive diacritics used in the "glitch text" font that you'll see in the list.


Foundation Baseline Assessment
What is the reception baseline assessment?
The reception baseline assessment is a new national assessment that will be administered in reception classes in all primary, infant and first schools in England. This will form the baseline for primary progress measures, allowing schools to receive credit for the progress their pupils make throughout their time in primary school. It is intended that this will be introduced in autumn 2020.
Why is it being introduced?
An information video for parents about the reception baseline assessment (RBA) can be found here. This will provide information to help yopu, as parents to understand a little more about what the assessment is, how it will be carried out and why it is being introduced.
A pilot for the assessment is being carriued out in September 2019. At Crawford Village Primary School, we have taken the decision to be part of this pilot as we feel this presents an opportunity to start to understand what the baseline will mean for our school in more detail.
Crawford Village Primary School
Crawford Village Primary School Crawford Road
Up Holland
Mrs S Roberts - Bursar | Mrs D Eaton - Headteacher
Student Login


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Cecil Ingold was one of the world's leading mycologists (scientists who study fungi)who was best known for his discovery of Ingoldian fungi and for his research into the physical mechanisms of spore dispersal.
Ingoldian fungi are an important and ubiquitous group of aquatic fungi that play a key role in aquatic ecosystems by processing dead vegetation and recycling nutrients.
His long-term botanical studies of aquatic fungi started in 1938. He analysed water samples he collected from a brook near his home in Cropston, Leicestershire. He firmly believed that botanists should collect and work with fresh material, gathered from the field.
He despised the traditional dependence on preserved or pickled specimens. He combined acute powers of observation, whether on forays or peering down a microscope, with…


Basic Interview Questions for ASIC
Dear Readers,
In ASIC field, these are the most common questions people use to ask in interviews. So here I would like to share these type of questions with answers that can be useful to brush up fundamentals for ASIC engineer as well as any person who are using languages like Verilog, SystemVerilog, Vera etc...
Que : What is difference between Task and Function in Verilog?
Ans : The following rules distinguish tasks from functions:
 - A function shall execute in one simulation time unit;
 - A task can contain time-controlling statements.
 - A function cannot enable a task;
 - A task can enable other tasks or functions.
 - A function shall have at least one input type argument and shall not have an output or inout type argument;
 - A task can have zero or more arguments of any type.
 - A function shall return a single value; a task shall not return a value.
Que : How will you generate clock in Verilog?
Ans : There are many ways to generate clock in Verilog we could use one of the following:
Method1:
initial
 begin
 clk = 0;
 end
 always begin
 #5 clk =~clk ;
end
Method2:
initial
 begin
 clk = 0;
 forever begin
 #5 clk =~clk ;
 end
 end
Method3:
initial
 begin
 clk = 0;
 end
always begin
 #5 clk =0;
 #5 clk =1;
end
These are the ways which I know, there can be some other ways through which you can generate clock in Verilog. This peace of code can be useful for clock generation where you would like to generate clock.
I will keep updating some more question with answers. Please feel free to shoot me an email if you have any question and suggestions are always welcome. You can drop me an email with your feedback on _EMAIL_
Happy Reading,
ASIC With Ankit


Chennapalli Village Population - Hosur, Krishnagiri, Tamil Nadu
Chennapalli is a village located in Hosur Taluk of Krishnagiri district in Tamil Nadu. Around 605 families reside in Chennapalli village. Chennapalli village is administered by Sarpanch(Head of village) who is elected every five years.
As per the Census India 2011, Chennapalli village has population of 2764 of which 1428 are males and 1336 are females. The population of children between age 0-6 is 331 which is 11.98% of total population.
The sex-ratio of Chennapalli village is around 936 compared to 996 which is average of Tamil Nadu state. The literacy rate of Chennapalli village is 57.71% out of which 67.23% males are literate and 47.53% females are literate. There are 18.42% Scheduled Caste (SC) and 0.4% Scheduled Tribe (ST) of total population in Chennapalli village.
Chennapalli Population Facts
Number of Households605
Male Population1428 (51.66%)
Female Population1336 (48.34%)
Children Population331
Male Literacy67.23%
Female Literacy47.53%
Scheduled Tribes (ST) %0.4%
Scheduled Caste (SC) %18.42%
Share your suggestions, thoughts


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(WHM >> Home >> Service Configuration >> cPanel Web Services Configuration)
The system uses cipher suites to negotiate security settings for network connections over TLS/SSL. This interface allows you to edit the TLS/SSL Cipher List for cPanel, WHM, and Webmail.
We recommend that only advanced users edit the cipher list.
By default, cPanel & WHM uses the following protocol list for web services:
By default, cPanel & WHM uses the following cipher list for web services:
Edit the cipher list
To edit the cipher list, enter the appropriate cipher in the text box and click Save.


Synonyms for northwestpassage |
Synonyms and antonyms for northwestpassage
1. Northwest Passage (n.)
a water route between the Atlantic Ocean and the Pacific Ocean along the northern coast of North America; Europeans since the 16th century had searched for a short route to the Far East before it was successfully traversed by Roald Amundsen (_PHONE_)


Filing for estate tax returns in Lombard could present challenges you might not be readily prepared to tackle. Instead of frustratingly trying to solve unnecessary problems, you need to let an attorney help. Competent attorneys could file the paperwork you need and guide you through estate management processes.
Estate Tax Returns in Lombard Explained
An estate tax return is the IRS Form 706, and then there is a corresponding form for the estate. Essentially, it is a tax return that describes the gross estate, then there would be certain deductions that are allowed, and then it would wind up with the net taxable estate. If there is not a taxable estate, then it describes essentially what taxes are owed, and whether it is to the estate or the IRS.
Estate tax returns are generally due nine months after the date of death. There is a process whereby a six-month extension can be obtained, but the general deadline is nine months after the date of death.
Assets Included in an Estate Tax Return
The assets included in Lombard estate tax returns are basically every single thing that a person owned when they died. This also includes proceeds that are commonly thought of as non-probate assets, so grant, or trust assets, life insurance, retirement accounts, beneficiary accounts, payable on death accounts, and everything that was in the decedent's name when they died. That also includes the value of land, the value of small businesses, the value of partnerships, stocks, bonds, cash, and all over assets of the decedent.
What some people do not realize is again, it takes into account non-probate assets. Even though they might have a large life insurance policy that is payable directly to a beneficiary, the value of those policies are still going to count for the estate tax return purposes.
How Assets are Valued
Usually, the value of the assets is as of the date of death. People could apply for an alternative tax evaluation, but most of the time, the evaluation date is as of the date of death. In the case of land, people may need to attach appraisals to their estate tax return. In the case of businesses, those businesses need to be evaluated, and then the professional valuation also attached to the estate tax return. The executor of the estate also has the ability to make an election to use an alternate valuation date, which is basically the value of the assets six months after the decedent's death. There could be different advantages or disadvantages with respect to making that alternate valuation date, so it is important to consult with a lawyer and an accountant as to what the benefits or the cons might be into making that election.
Additional Documents Needed
The documents that need to be submitted with an estate tax return in Lombard include valuation documents as to businesses and land and a 1099 with respect to the value of income and other accounts. Another aspect of estate tax returns is certain deductions, and those deductions include things like attorney's fees. Attorney fee bills and similar documents should be submitted along with an estate tax return.
Tax Returns Personal Representatives May Need to File
Personal representatives are responsible for the final year tax return of the decedent's life. If a decedent passed away in 2019, then the executor or administrator would need to file their final personal income tax return for 2019. It basically covers any income that they have made between the first of the year and their date of death, and then the personal representative is also required to file estate tax returns for the estate itself.
The estate is a separate entity than the person who passed away. If they are doing that personal income tax return, they would basically be filing the return on behalf of the individual, they would be using their Social Security Number, and they would be signing it as representative of the estate. After the date of death, the estate becomes essentially a separate entity, so there is a separate tax identification or EIN that is obtained for the estate that is in the name of the estate. After the date of death going forward, if there is a need, then the estate tax return is filed by the personal representative.
Generally, if there is income to an estate of $600 or less, then there is no requirement to file a tax return on behalf of the estate. If income is greater than $600, then there needs to be a return filed on behalf of the estate, and that is Form 1041, and the representative needs to do that basically every year that the estate is open. If it takes four years for the estate to close, and if it meets the other requirements, like the $600 mark, then the estate return needs to be filed those for four different years.
That is different than an estate tax return, Form 706, which is about all the assets that a decedent had while they were alive. The tax return for the estate, Form 1041, is for the income that accrues to the estate while it is still open. This is entirely separate EIN and tax identification number.
Let an Attorney Help With Estate Tax Returns
Navigating the legal waters of trusts and estates law is something not everyone is familiar with. To better your odds for success, you need to consider working with an attorney familiar with estate tax returns in Lombard. Reach out to a competent attorney today.


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When you kiss your sweetheart this Valentine's Day you may well turn your head to the right, echoing a preference born in the womb, a researcher suggests.
Onur Guentuerkuen of Ruhr-University Bochum in Bochum, Germany, reports that he spied on 124 pairs of adults who turned their heads left or right while kissing on the lips in public places in Germany, Turkey and the United States.
Two-thirds of the kissers went to the right, he found.
Prior research has found that babies also tend to turn their heads to the right rather than the left during their final weeks of gestation and for the first six months after birth, Guentuerkuen says in Thursday's issue of the journal Nature.
So the results on kissing show that early head-turning bias may affect behavior in adulthood, he says. People also prefer to use the right foot, ear and eye by about two-to-one, suggesting those behavioral biases may be related, he said.
But right-handedness dominates the population far more, about eight-to-one, so that's either not related or it's affected by cultural influence, he said.
The researcher watched kissing couples in airports, railroad stations, beaches and parks. He estimated their ages at around 13 to around 70.
Peninsula Clarion ©2013. All Rights Reserved.


Confidentiality—training materials
 - Confidentiality—training materials
Confidentiality—training materials
These training materials contain template PowerPoint slides and associated notes for use by a trainer when outlining the law relating to the protection of confidential information. Topics covered include: the meaning of confidential information; the effect of breach of confidentiality; laws governing confidentiality; confidentiality agreements; definitions of confidential information; authorised recipients; purpose and duration of confidential information; remedies; handling breaches of confidentiality; arrangements with subcontractors.
The training materials are customisable.
Click the link below to download the PowerPoint presentation.
 1. Law:
 1. Meaning of confidential information
 2. Effect of breach of confidentiality
 3. Laws governing confidentiality
 2. Confidentiality agreements:
 1. Format
 2. Defining confidential information
 3. Parties and recipients
Popular documents


The Benefits of Anamu
The Benefits of Anamu
anamu

the English refer to it as garlic guinea weed. Whatever the name, anamu, or Petiveria alliacea, is native to many parts of South America, Mexico, Texas, Florida, and the Caribbean. Anamu has a strong, garlic-like odor and equally powerful therapeutic properties that have been used by herbal enthusiasts all over the world.

Why is Anamu Beneficial?
Anamu contains tannins and other compounds that have known beneficial qualities. Also found in many berries and fruits, tannins are strong antioxidants that are resistant to swelling and redness. Anamu also contains dibenzyl trisulfide, a unique sulfuric compound that's exhibited some interesting behavior in the laboratory.
Anamu roots and leaves have been used to help the body purge harmful organisms. According to the Department of Chemistry at State University of New York at Albany, anamu root has demonstrated resistance to both bacteria and fungus. Anamu is popular in Argentina for fighting certain viruses. Extracts of anamu leaves and stems have been used as a control agent for cattle ticks.

Other Health Benefits of Anamu
Besides its efficacy against harmful organisms, many cultures have utilized anamu flowers, leaves, and roots to remedy negative health conditions as well as immune system support.
In Brazilian folk medicine, anamu leaves and root may be made into a tea reputed to hAnamu, or Petiveria alliaceaelp reduce fever, lessen muscle spasms, relieve pain, and calm the nerves. In other Amazonian traditional medicine systems, anamu is used to promote detoxification via urine production and resist irritation. Like many other botanicals, anamu has exhibited antioxidant activity which helps fight free radicals and reduce oxidative damage. In animal studies, extracts from anamu leaves and stems have been observed to reduce blood sugar.
Anamu Precautions
If you're pregnant or trying to become pregnant, it's best if you avoid anamu. Some studies have shown that it may stimulate uterine contractions which can lead to abortion. [6] Additionally, anamu has a blood thinning effect. If you have blood disorders, you should talk to your healthcare provider before taking the herb or any supplement that lists it as an ingredient.

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text:
Super strategies: PTE Listening Multiple choice choose a single answer
PTE Listening Multiple choice choose a single answer is one of the difficult tasks in PTE academic.
The audio will be played for 60-90 seconds and then you will have to choose the correct answer about the audio.
Understand the question prompt clearly. It is very critical to understand it. It would ask you for opinion, details or main idea about the lecture. So you need to listen to the whole recording and decide which option best describes the overall idea.
Read the question before you read the answer options so that you know what you need to listen.
Scoring guide for Listening: Multiple-choice choose single answer:
Skills assessed: Listening
>> 1 = Correct response
>> 0 = Incorrect response
Task Type details:
- Candidates have to select a single answer to a question about a lecture.
- How many?: 2-3
You may also like: PTE Select missing word(s)


text:
Posted by ESC on April 21, 2003
The Word of the Day for April 20, 2003, is:
kith \KITH\ noun
: familiar friends, neighbors, or relatives
Friends and family are important to Jared, so he makes a point of keeping in touch with kith and kin even when his schedule gets hectic.
Did you know?
"Kith" has had many meanings over the years. In its earliest uses it referred to knowledge of something, but that meaning died out in the 1400s. Another sense, "one's native land," had come and gone by the early 1500s. The sense "friends, fellow countrymen, or neighbors" developed by the 1300s, a time when the word was also used as a synonym of "kinsfolk." That last sense got "kith" into hot water after people began using the word in the alliterative phrase "kith and kin." Over the
years, usage commentators have complained that "kith" means the same thing as "kin," so "kith and kin" is redundant. Clearly, they have overlooked some other historical definitions, but if you want to avoid redundancy charges, be sure to include friends
as well as relatives among your "kith and kin."
To subscribe to the html version of Merriam-Webster's Word of the Day, featuring audio pronunciations, interactive surveys, and more:


New findings suggest post-traumatic growth may often be illusory
GettyImages-502659354.jpgBy Christian Jarrett
After a trauma many people have the sense it has changed them for the better, such as granting them a new appreciation for life or improving their relationships. This has given rise to the appealing notion that there is such a thing as "post-traumatic growth". However, the majority of investigations into this phenomenon have relied on asking people whether they believe they have changed; very few have assessed people prior to a trauma and then re-assessed them afterwards to see if positive changes have actually occurred.
A new study in the Journal of Social and Personal Relationships is the first to apply this kind of "prospective design" in the context of relationship breakups in young adults, and – unfortunately for anyone who found comfort and inspiration in the principle of post-traumatic growth – the authors Meghan Owenz and Blaine Fowers say their findings are more consistent with the idea that such growth is mostly illusory, the result of a positive re-appraisal of the breakup and one's current situation.
The researchers recruited 599 undergrads currently in a romantic relationship and assessed them twice on a range of measures: at the beginning, and near the end of the semester. During that time, 100 of them lived through their relationship breaking up, an experience that, typically for their age group, they found extremely distressing (in fact, on a formal scale they rated their feelings of distress on a par with those reported by survivors of natural disasters and cardiac surgery).
At the start of the semester, all the participants completed a version of the commonly used "post-traumatic growth inventory" that had been slightly reworked to refer to their feelings over the last couple of weeks – such as whether they had experienced a sense of closeness with others over that time or had an appreciation for each day.
Near the end of the semester, all the participants re-took this same revamped version of the growth inventory, thus providing a before and after measure of their general outlook and behaviour. Importantly, the 100 students who'd been through a breakup also took the classic version of the inventory, rating how much they felt they had changed for the better in the same domains (such as closeness to others and life appreciation, among others) but specifically as a result of their relationship trauma.
Comparing earlyand late-semester scores on the revamped growth inventory, there was no evidence for positive change, and no evidence that the students who'd been through a break-up showed any more improvement than the students who had not. In contrast, the break-up students did report feeling that the trauma had changed them for the better. Moreover, this perception of growth was higher for students who previously described themselves as more optimistic and who found their breakup more distressing.
Owenz and Fowers believe these findings are consistent with the idea that the perception of growth after trauma is illusory, arising from a (positive) re-appraisal of the situation. Colloquially we might invoke Freud and call this a defence mechanism – looking on the bright side as a way to cope (something that the more optimistic students, and more distressed students, were more inclined to do). More generally, the researchers acknowledge that actual positive growth may be a reality for some people, but they think it unlikely for most.
Future research might paint a different picture. The current findings pertain to young people in a specific culture going through a specific kind of trauma, and they were tested over a relatively short time frame. For now, though, these authors and others believe the burden is on advocates of the existence of post-traumatic growth to provide more robust evidence for their claims, especially using study designs that do not rely purely on people's subjective and retrospective reports of change. The current situation – where post-traumatic growth is considered a reality based on limited research – Owenz and Fowers find "…particularly worrisome, given the rapid move from research 'documenting' post-traumatic growth to interventions and self-help books designed to promote an approach to trauma that remains questionable."
Perceived post-traumatic growth may not reflect actual positive change: A short-term prospective study of relationship dissolution
Christian Jarrett (_USER_) is Editor of BPS Research Digest
8 thoughts on "New findings suggest post-traumatic growth may often be illusory"
 1. Post-traumatic growth takes much longer than the length of a semester. Also, people's assessment ratings are highly relative.
 If someone has never seen a large lake (or the ocean), they might rate a relatively small lake as big and if someone has never seen a rose, they might rate a normal daisy as being very beautiful.
 Similarly, someone who rates their emotions during time-1 of an experiment is only considering other emotions that they have experienced up to that time of their lives in order to rate their present state. When this happens, the researches would not observe a change in the ratings – this is probably why asking people whether they have changed as a result of a particular situation might be the better way to assess this phenomena.
 1. I agree. Additionally, I would also like to know what these assessment criteria were. I would see break-up being useful for growth mainly in the context of relationships. It does make sense though, one must be at least that much smarter that they wouldn't repeat the same mistakes again. Another sort of trauma might cause growth in some other aspect of personality.
 I'm not at all convinced by this study. People aren't stupid, they would see how there would be a gap between what they report in one test compared to the other. There must be some aspect of the situation they were not asked about. I would be more convinced if there was first a qualitative study to learn what sort of growth and for what reasons is reported and then focus the quantitative questions on that.
 2. The general understanding that suffering and distress can be possible sources of positive change is thousands of years old. For example, some of the early ideas and writings of the ancient Hebrews, Greeks, and early Christians, as well as some of the teachings of Hinduism, Buddhism, and Islam contain elements of the potentially transformative power of suffering.
 When talking about Post Traumatic Growth it is useful to understand that literature does not refer to resilience, hardiness, optimism, sense of coherence or positive ways of coping. All these concepts describe certain attributes that allow people to manage hardship well. In contrast, posttraumatic growth refers to a change in people that goes beyond an ability to cope with and withstand highly distressing circumstances (with the emphasis being on highly). Posttraumatic growth, has a quality of evolving and results usually in a qualitative change in functioning, unlike the apparently similar concepts of resilience, sense of coherence, optimism, and hardiness which they aim to safeguard the sense of self in face of adversity, it aims to transform the sense of self and often better it.
 People with good levels of coping capacity against common stressors, as I imagine people going through university would be, they will report relatively little growth in the aftermath of such trauma as a breakup. That is because these people have coping capacities that will allow them to be less challenged by trauma, and the struggle with the trauma is what is crucial for posttraumatic growth.
 3. A relationship break-up, whilst distressing, is not the sort of trauma usually referred to in the trauma literature. For example, to be given a diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder the triggering event would need to be a major trauma such as "… exposure to actual or threatened death, serious injury or sexual violation". It is important to make this sort of distinction between "big-t Trauma" (actual or threatened death, etc.) and "small-t trauma" (other distressing life events, like relationship break-up). My personal hypothesis is that post-traumatic growth is associated with the sense of having survived something that truly threatened to destroy you psychologically and come out the other side, leaving you with a qualitatively different perspective on life.
Comments are closed.


text:
You will now be presented with a blank analysis tab:
Here there are two things unique to the GUI which need to be preformed:
- NMR frequency label:
- First set the NMR frequency label.
This is only used for the name of the output file.
For example if you set the label to "1200", the file r1.1200.out will be created at the end of the analysis.
- Results directory:
- All of the automatically created results and Grace files will be placed into this directory.
The "Results directory" can now be changed.
The relax user manual (PDF), created 2020-08-26.


text:
Modeling the phase behavior of the membrane binding protein annexin V
Langmuir, Volume 18 p. 2988- 2992
The bulk thermodynamic properties of proteins originate from a varied and complex combination of interactions. We propose a simple model for the formation of ordered two-dimensional aggregates based on the interactions between pairs of annexin V molecules. Simulations of this model are shown to reproduce the experimental observations of a honeycomb (p6) and a triangular (p3) crystalline phase. The simulations indicate that the transition between these two phases is first order. While this model is extremely simple in that it relies only on hard body and short-range directional interactions, it nevertheless captures the essential physics of the interactions between the protein molecules and reproduces the phase behavior observed in electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy experiments.