How to install and use the python face recognition and detection library in Ubuntu 16.04
How to install and use the python face recognition and detection library in Ubuntu 16.04
The face_recognition library is widely known around the web for being the world's simplest facial recognition api for Python and the command line, and the best of all is that you won't need to pay a dime for it, the project is totally open source, so if you have some development knowledge and you are able to build a library from scratch, you'll surely know how to work with this library.
In this article, we'll teach you how to install, setup and use basically the python library "face recognition" in Ubuntu 16.04.
Requirements
Before proceeding with the usage of this library, you will need on your system:
Python 3
In this tutorial, we'll follow the installation of the library with Python 3.
cmake
Your system needs CMake installed, an open-source, cross-platform family of tools designed to build, test and package software. CMake is used to control the software compilation process using simple platform and compiler independent configuration files, and generate native makefiles and workspaces that can be used in the compiler environment of your choice. The suite of CMake tools were created by Kitware in response to the need for a powerful, cross-platform build environment for open-source projects such as ITK and VTK.
If it's not installed in your system, you can run the following commands to install it:
# Update repo
sudo apt-get update
# Install cmake if it's not installed
sudo apt-get install build-essential cmake
1. Install and compile dlib
Before proceeding with the usage and installation of the face recognition library in Python, you will need the distributable of dlib installed on your system and the python binding as well. Dlib is a modern C++ toolkit containing machine learning algorithms and tools for creating complex software in C++ to solve real world problems. It is used in both industry and academia in a wide range of domains including robotics, embedded devices, mobile phones, and large high performance computing environments. Dlib's open source licensing allows you to use it in any application, free of charge.
To start with the compilation of dlib in your system, clone the repository in some directory in your system:
# Clone the dlib library in some directory of the system
git clone _URL_
Then, proceed to build dlib with the following commands:
# get into the cloned directory
cd dlib
# create build directory inside the cloned directory
mkdir build
# Switch to the created directory
cd build
# generate a Makefile in the current directory
cmake ..
# Build dlib !
cmake --build .
This will start the build process and once it finishes, the native library of dlib will be available in your system. For more information about Dlib, please visit the official website here.
2. Install Python binding for dlib
After building dlib, switch again to the cloned directory in the previous step:
cd ..
And proceed with the installation of the python bindings running the setup.py file with Python 3 with the following command:
python3 setup.py install
This will install the binding and you will be able to import dlib later in your Python code. In case that you face the following exception during the execution of the previous command:
Traceback (most recent call last):
 File "setup.py", line 42, in <module>
 from setuptools import setup, Extension
ImportError: No module named 'setuptools'
Install the Python 3 setup tools with the following command:
sudo apt-get install python3-setuptools
And now try again to run the python3 setup.py install command.
3. Install face recognition library
As mentioned, we'll use the face recognition library. This library recognize and manipulate faces from Python or from the command line with the world's simplest face recognition library. Built using dlib's state-of-the-art face recognition built with deep learning. The model has an accuracy of 99.38% on the Labeled Faces in the Wild benchmark.
This also provides a simple face_recognition command line tool that lets you do face recognition on a folder of images from the command line easily. You can install it with the following command:
Note
The installation will take a while to download and install, so be patient.
pip3 install face_recognition
If you don't have pip3 installed, install it with the following command:
sudo apt-get -y install python3-pip
For more information about this library, please visit the official repository at Github here. After installing the library, you will be able to use it either from the CLI or your python scripts.
4. How to use
When you install face_recognition, you get two simple command-line programs:
 - face_recognition - Recognize faces in a photograph or folder full for photographs.
 - face_detection - Find faces in a photograph or folder full for photographs.
You will have as well the possibility of import the library in your scripts and use it from there !
Face recognition
For example, with this library you will be able to identify some faces according to some little database as source. Create a directory that contains the possible persons that the script will be able to identify, in this example we'll have a directory with 3 celebrities:
Face Recognition Python Ubuntu CLI
In our command, we'll identify this directory as our source of images. In other directory, we'll store the image of the celebrity that we want to identify from our database, obviously we'll use one of the regitered celebrities, but with another image:
Face Recognition Python
The logic is the following, the library will use the directory of images celebrities as database and we'll search from who's the image(s) stored in the unknown directory. You can run the following command to accomplish the mentioned task:
face_recognition ./celebrities/ ./unknown/
Then, the output will be:
Face Recognition Library Python CLI
The command will output the path to the image that was processed, in our case unknown_celebrity.jpg and will add the name of the matched image from the celebrities directory as suffix. In this case, the library was able to identify the actor Ryan Reynolds from our images. Note that this can work with multiple images as well.
As mentioned, the CLI utility is just an extra, one of the fun facts is the hability of writing some code by yourself and identifying the faces with some logic, for example:
import face_recognition
# Load the jpg files into numpy arrays
obama_image = face_recognition.load_image_file("Barack Obama.jpg")
justin_image = face_recognition.load_image_file("Justin Timberlake.jpg")
ryan_image = face_recognition.load_image_file("Ryan Reynolds.jpg")
unknown_image = face_recognition.load_image_file("unknown_celebrity.jpg")
# Get the face encodings for each face in each image file
# Since there could be more than one face in each image, it returns a list of encodings.
# But since I know each image only has one face, I only care about the first encoding in each image, so I grab index 0.
try:
 obama_face_encoding = face_recognition.face_encodings(obama_image)[0]
 justin_face_encoding = face_recognition.face_encodings(justin_image)[0]
 ryan_face_encoding = face_recognition.face_encodings(ryan_image)[0]

 unknown_face_encoding = face_recognition.face_encodings(unknown_image)[0]
except IndexError:
 print("I wasn't able to locate any faces in at least one of the images. Check the image files. Aborting...")
 quit()
known_faces = [
 obama_face_encoding,
 justin_face_encoding,
 ryan_face_encoding
]
# results is an array of True/False telling if the unknown face matched anyone in the known_faces array
results = face_recognition.compare_faces(known_faces, unknown_face_encoding)
print("Is the unknown face a picture of Obama? {}".format(results[0]))
print("Is the unknown face a picture of Justin? {}".format(results[1]))
print("Is the unknown face a picture of Ryan? {}".format(results[2]))
print("Is the unknown face a new person that we've never seen before? {}".format(not True in results))
The idea is basically the same, compare the face encoding generated by the images that you have in your "database" with the encoding generated by the image that you want to identify.
Face detection
The face detection allows you to identify the location of faces inside an image. The library will return the coordinates of the images in the image, so you can use those coordinates to draw squares in the images. Exactly like the face recognition tool, the command will print the path of the image in the providen directory followed by the coordinates as suffix, for example:
face_detection ./celebrities/
This will generate the following output:
Face Detection on Images Python
As you can see, you can obtain the coordinates of the identified faces in the image after


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ID2D1RenderTarget::EndDraw method
Ends drawing operations on the render target and indicates the current error state and associated tags.
virtual HRESULT EndDraw(
 [out, optional] D2D1_TAG *tag1 = NULL,
 [out, optional] D2D1_TAG *tag2 = NULL
) = 0;
tag1 [out, optional]
Type: D2D1_TAG*
When this method returns, contains the tag for drawing operations that caused errors or 0 if there were no errors. This parameter is passed uninitialized.
tag2 [out, optional]
Type: D2D1_TAG*
Return value
If the method succeeds, it returns S_OK. Otherwise, it returns an HRESULT error code and sets tag1 and tag2 to the tags that were active when the error occurred.
Drawing operations can only be issued between a BeginDraw and EndDraw call.
BeginDraw and EndDraw are use to indicate that a render target is in use by the Direct2D system. Different implementations of ID2D1RenderTarget might behave differently when BeginDraw is called. An ID2D1BitmapRenderTarget may be locked between BeginDraw/EndDraw calls, a DXGI surface render target might be acquired on BeginDraw and released on EndDraw, while an ID2D1HwndRenderTarget may begin batching at BeginDraw and may present on EndDraw, for example.
The BeginDraw method must be called before rendering operations can be called, though state-setting and state-retrieval operations can be performed even outside of BeginDraw/EndDraw.
After BeginDraw is called, a render target will normally build up a batch of rendering commands, but defer processing of these commands until either an internal buffer is full, the Flush method is called, or until EndDraw is called. The EndDraw method causes any batched drawing operations to complete, and then returns an HRESULT indicating the success of the operations and, optionally, the tag state of the render target at the time the error occurred. The EndDraw method always succeeds: it should not be called twice even if a previous EndDraw resulted in a failing HRESULT.
If EndDraw is called without a matched call to BeginDraw, it returns an error indicating that BeginDraw must be called before EndDraw. Calling BeginDraw twice on a render target puts the target into an error state where nothing further is drawn, and returns an appropriate HRESULT and error information when EndDraw is called.
The following example uses an ID2D1HwndRenderTarget to draw text to a window. For the complete example, see the "Hello, World" Sample Application.
// Called whenever the application needs to display the client
// window. This method writes "Hello, World"
// Note that this function will automatically discard device-specific
// resources if the Direct3D device disappears during function
// invocation, and will recreate the resources the next time it's
// invoked.
HRESULT DemoApp::OnRender()
 HRESULT hr;
 hr = CreateDeviceResources();
 if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
 static const WCHAR sc_helloWorld[] = L"Hello, World!";
 // Retrieve the size of the render target.
 D2D1_SIZE_F renderTargetSize = m_pRenderTarget->GetSize();
 ARRAYSIZE(sc_helloWorld) - 1,
 D2D1::RectF(0, 0, renderTargetSize.width, renderTargetSize.height),
 hr = m_pRenderTarget->EndDraw();
 if (hr == D2DERR_RECREATE_TARGET)
 hr = S_OK;
 return hr;
Minimum supported client
Windows 7, Windows Vista with SP2 and Platform Update for Windows Vista [desktop apps | Windows Store apps]
Minimum supported server
Windows Server 2008 R2, Windows Server 2008 with SP2 and Platform Update for Windows Server 2008 [desktop apps | Windows Store apps]
See also


text:
Pub. date: 2004 | Online Pub. Date: September 15, 2007 | DOI: 10.4135/9781412952576 | Print ISBN: 9780761923602 | Online ISBN: 9781412952576| Publisher:SAGE Publications, Inc.About this encyclopedia
Jean J. Schensul
The term key informant is best understood in the context of ethnographic or qualitative research in naturalistic settings (LeCompte & Schensul, 1999). These settings are often termed "the field" (DeWalt & DeWalt, 2002; Pelto & Pelto, 1978). The field is a sociophysical setting whose boundaries are defined in terms of institutions and people of interest and their associated activities in geographic space. For ethnographers, the field is any naturalistic geographic/social setting or location where a selected research problem is to be studied—a neighborhood, a network of clinics or emergency rooms, a group of buildings, or a school system. When ethnographic or qualitative researchers go to the field, they leave their own communities, institutional settings, and familiar behavioral and cognitive patterns to "enter" another social world—the world where the research will be conducted (Bernard, 2000; Miller & Crabtree, 1994; Werner & Schoepfle, 1987). Ethnographic research is never "autobiographical." It requires that...

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


What Do Glofish Eggs Look Like
When glofish breed, they produce hundreds of tiny white eggs. The fertilized ones drop to the bottom of the tank and the unfertilized ones stay above the water's surface. The males fertilize each other's eggs, causing many of them to have the same clutch. Once a female releases her eggs, many males will attempt to fertilize them. The fertilized eggs have a black dot in the center, indicating that they are fertilized. The unfertilized ones are whitish and cream colored.
The glofish egg is a plain, white egg. The glofish's eggs are similar to those of the original species. They are tiny, spherical, and translucent, and about a millimeter in diameter. The fluorescent gene inside glofish eggs causes them to glow, but their color is very pale. The hatching process is similar to that of other types of glofish.
The glofish egg looks very similar to that of other species, but it's easy to tell that a Glofish is pregnant by the color of its body. It's difficult to tell by appearance, but you can watch for behavioral cues. The female waits until she's about 3/4 of an inch long to lay her eggs. Then, when the male comes back, she will begin mating, and the two will wiggle and push together.
The glofish egg doesn't hatch. Instead, it develops tiny body parts as the yolk sac is consumed. Once it develops, the glofish will hatch. Ultimately, it takes on the form of a fry. They aren't live-bearing fish, but they are fertile. And as the fry develop, they'll continue to grow in size until the sperm and embryo are ready for breeding.
The glofish egg is the same as the zebra danio egg. The zebra danio's eggs are the same as glofish danio eggs. The glofish barb's eggs are white, spherical, and about one millimeter in diameter. They can lay 150 to 200 eggs during a breeding season, but the sperm and egg are only few, which means there is a small chance that it'll survive the entire period.
Unlike other types of eggs, the glofish egg is not a real egg. It looks very much like the eggs of its original species. It is small and round, and it is not very colorful, but it contains a fluorescent gene. The glofish egg will not grow into a fry. A normal betta will develop into an adult. The male betta will watch the sperm and the glofish embryo.
Unlike the eggs of their original species, glofish eggs are similar to regular fish eggs. They are white, spherical, and don't glow. They are not colored, but they are a spherical ball. They do not develop into adult bettas. And unlike the betta, the glofish fry can survive in a variety of environments, including freshwater aquariums.
The glofish egg is the only one of the tetras that can lay eggs. They are not actually able to hatch, but instead, they develop into tiny, white fry. Their egg is not the same as the original, but it is not uncommon for a glofish to produce a rainbow of glofish colors. Similarly to tetras, glofish will also eat its own eggs.
Unlike most other fish, glofish eggs do not hatch. They develop tiny body parts as the yolk sac engulfs the globules. During this stage, they're white, spherical, and about a millimeter in diameter. Despite the fact that a glofish has no embryo, it can lay 150-200 eggs per breeding season. The solitary female lays only a few eggs.
Glofish spawning is a three- to four-hour process. The baby glofish, in turn, looks like a miniature version of the adult. As a result, the baby glofish has a pink coloration when it is pregnant, and a blue glofish mate with a purple one. The resulting babies are green, blue, and purple. If they mate with the same sperm, they will produce the same color as the parents.
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The board resolution of a Dutch company
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The board resolution of a Dutch company
This legal blog provides information about board resolutions of a Dutch company (BV): when do the laws of the Netherlands require a formal corporate decision and how is it taken?
Corporate decision making in the Netherlands
From our Dutch company law practice it has become clear that concluding a board resolution by Dutch companies raises questions. This mostly concerns the Dutch limited liability company (the BV) and Dutch public limited liability company (the NV, similar to the similar to the Anglo-Saxon Plc or Inc).
The legal requirements under Dutch law regarding executive board decisions are not always clear, even to Dutch lawyers. Also the reasons why such resolutions should best be concluded, are not always evident. But for Dutch corporate governance and director liability purposes, it is quite important that board members and their advisors understand the rules and that the best practices in the Netherlands are adhered to. For this reason, we have written this blog and we include a template board resolution under Dutch law (link provided below).
This blog addresses questions such as: what is a board resolution and how is it concluded for a Dutch legal entity. Which officers of a Dutch company play a role in the decision making process? In which events is a formal resolution obligated under the laws of the Netherlands and when is it advisable. What are the legal consequences when a formal decision has not been taken or not taken correctly?
What is a board resolution under Dutch law?
A board resolution is a resolution of the board of directors of a Dutch company, generally a Dutch limited liability company (Dutch acronym: BV) but it is essentially the same for all Dutch legal entities. The (executive) board consists of people or legal entities who have been appointed upon or incorporation or later by means of a resolution of the general meeting of shareholders of the BV. The decision of the board as a corporate body constitutes a board resolution and not the decision of a single board member. Such corporate decision can be taken in a physical meeting, but also through a phone or video call. An alternative can be that the board resolution is concluded 'outside a meeting', i.e. a written resolution that is concluded by all the board members.
Why is a board resolution for a Dutch company necessary?
Under Dutch company law, board members have a collective responsibility for the management of a company. To achieve the corporate purpose of the company, the executive board will devise a corporate strategy that translates to the numerous decisions that a company at the top lever, i.e. the board, will make. A formal decision of the management or executive board may simply be required by Dutch corporate law, the Articles of Association or director's regulations / bylaws. Board resolutions also serve the purpose of explaining how the board is taking responsibility for achieving its tasks. Also with respect to accountability and (warding of) director's liability under the laws of the Netherlands, board resolutions are essential for the corporate household.
When is a board resolution mandatory under Dutch law?
Under the corporate laws of the Netherlands, only few occasions exist when an executive board decision is actually required. This is for instance the case for resolutions that require the approval of the non-executive board (also called the supervisory board in the Netherlands) or of the works council. Also, the Articles of Association of a Dutch company, board regulations, governance codes and market practice may require that a (written) board decision is taken. In any case, the principle of better being safe than sorry applies here: a board of directors will generally reduce the possibility of director's liability when its resolutions are well documented. In practice, this is generally not done at all or not properly and this is the source of (too) many conflicts in the Netherlands between -especiallythe board and the shareholders.
How to conclude a board resolution of a Dutch company?
Dutch company law and the Articles of Association of the BV provide how a board resolution should be taken. Some corporate matters will require the involvement and approval of the general meeting of shareholders, the works council and / or the supervisory board.
Each board member can cast one vote. Also, a decision by the executive board needs to meet the principle of fairness and equitability and its needs to be the 'fruit of sufficient deliberation'. This means that board members can not be excluded from the decision making process.
That said, this is different for directors who have a personal interest that conflicts with the corporate interest. Such management board members may not partake in the decision making process nor in the voting, unless the Articles of Association of the Dutch company stipulate otherwise. A board resolution does not need to be in writing, unless on the basis of the Articles or a shareholders agreement. We deem it advisable to always conclude written board decisions.
Minutes of a board meeting of a Dutch company should include the date and location of the board meeting, an attendee list, the method of voting and a clear description of what has been decided. It is sensible that the board minutes also provide context relating the decision making.
If the formal rules are not adhered to, a board resolution may be annulled or declared null and void. In order to prevent this, we refer to our template board resolution for a Dutch company (download).
Can a Dutch court overrule or annul a board decision?
A board resolution can have far reaching consequences for a Dutch enterprise and the parties involved. As an example, the board may decide to replace its workforce by self-employed staff. This has happened in the Netherlands with IT driven food delivery services. For this reason, Dutch law provides that corporate decisions need to be reached diligently after weighing the relevant interests. A board decision that has not been concluded according to the formal rules may be declared null and void by a Dutch court of law. Also, a resolution of the management board can be scrutinized by the enterprise chamber of the Amsterdam court, which is a specialized court for Dutch corporate law matters.
A board resolution that contravenes directly with Dutch company law or with the company's Articles of Association is null and void. A Dutch corporate lawyer would consider it non-existent and, thus, the company can not execute such a decision and nobody can enforce it. An example of a resolution that Is null and void is when the articles of incorporation stipulate an increased majority of votes and such majority is not met. Such decision is deemed not be taken.
A board decision that is not concluded in accordance with certain formalities is not null and void by operation of law, but in can be declared null and void by a ruling of a Dutch court upon the request of an interested party, including the board. Until such court ruling, the decision of the board is valid. An example is a resolution that is not in accordance with board regulations / bylaws. The possibility to challenge a board decision of the executive / management board of a company in the Netherlands lapses after one year.
If there are good reasons to doubt the actions or inactions of a management board, there is the possibility to test the policies of the board before the enterprise chamber with the Amsterdam court through the so-called inquiry procedure. A court appointed specialist may scrutinize the policy and actions of the board and the court may suspend or annul the execution of board resolutions.
Checklist and template for board resolution of a Dutch company
We have drafted a template for a board resolution of a company in the Netherlands. The example board decision in can be accessed through this link. We also recommend using the following checklist to conclude a proper board resolution under Dutch corporate law:
 1. Who are the board members who have been appointed by the general meeting of shareholders? Which board members need to be involved in the relevant decision making process?
 2. Does the corporate resolution need the (prior) approval of the shareholders meeting or the supervisory board / non-executive board?
 3. Is there a member of the board who has a conflict of interest regarding the proposed resolution? If yes, how is this being dealt with since as a principle such board member may not partake in the decision making process? Check the Articles of Association and the board regulations on this point.
 4. Has the management board received specific instructions from the supervisory board or the shareholders meeting regarding the subject that is being decided on?
 5. Does the works council has an advisory or information right regarding the resolution's topic?
 6. Did the board weigh the relevant interests and have the interests of the company been taken into account?
 7. Make sure that proper minutes of the board meeting are being made that reflect both the resolutions and the relevant considerations of the board.
Corporate lawyer Amsterdam
The corporate attorneys of Penrose in Amsterdam are happy to assist with Dutch corporate household matters including board resolutions. Please feel free to contact Thomas Schutte or Hans Klaver if you have any questions about corporate resolutions of a Dutch company.
Penrose law firm in Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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text:
Galician Blond, or Rubia Gallega Cattle, have a rather glamorous name but remain quite rustic, native to the rough terrain of Spanish hill land. These indigenous cattle make fine beef and dairy cattle! Galician Blond Cattle are very important in their homeland. They do best in extensive care systems, but can adapt to almost any management system.
They are easy to handle and have been used traditionally as draft cattle! Because they were hill cattle, Galician Blond Cattle are usually weather resistant and can survive even on scarce or poor grazing! At maturity, Galician Blond Cattle have medium sized frames and appear well proportioned. Their bodies are deep, massive, and long, and the hindquarters are very well muscled.
Galician Blond Cattle have thick bones, wide backs, and voluminous chests. They range in color from pale cream to bright golden red. The mucous membranes, hooves, and horns are darker in color, usually a rich red chestnut. These cattle have extremely good legs and feet and can move athletically in rocky territory. Their meat is pink and tender, with nice marbling and a carcass yield of about 62 percent!
At maturity, Galician Blond cows can produce 2,239 kilograms of milk per lactation! It is thought that northern Spanish Cattle are descended from cattle brought into the area by the French Celts! Galician Blond Cattle are native to the Monteroso and Carballino regions, and the indigenous cattle from which they are descended are now nearly extinct.
In the 18th century, Galician Blond meat was highly valued in England! The herd book was established in 1933, and in the late 1900's, Simmental, Brown Swiss, and South Devon Cattle were all mixed into the Galician Blond pedigree. Today, the Galician Blond remains in use as a beef, draft and dairy breed. Galician Blond Cattle are traditionally kept in an extensive care system known as the "Monte Gallego" system in Spain.
In the spring, Galician Blond Cattle are driven up into the hill country where they remain until autumn. In autumn, they are brought once more into valley country where they are fed on hay grown during the summer. Galician Blond Cattle are valuable crossbreeders, imparting their genetic hardiness to other breeds. They have very easy calvings and it is quite rare that they ever need assistance.
Galician Blond Cattle are natural, attentive mothers and have good milk production. Their calves have a rapid rate of gain and 98 percent of bull calves are weaned. 98 percent of Galician Blond cows are fertile and the calving interval is about 26 months!

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Security Analysis of a 13th Century Venetian Election Protocol
I love stuff like this: "Electing the Doge of Venice: Analysis of a 13th Century Protocol," by Miranda Mowbray and Dieter Gollmann.
This paper discusses the protocol used for electing the Doge of Venice between 1268 and the end of the Republic in 1797. We will show that it has some useful properties that in addition to being interesting in themselves, also suggest that its fundamental design principle is worth investigating for application to leader election protocols in computer science. For example it gives some opportunities to minorities while ensuring that more popular candidates are more likely to win, and offers some resistance to corruption of voters. The most obvious feature of this protocol is that it is complicated and would have taken a long time to carry out. We will advance a hypothesis as to why it is so complicated, and describe a simplified protocol with very similar features.
Venice was very clever about working to avoid the factionalism that tore apart a lot of its Italian rivals, while making the various factions feel represented.
Posted on July 27, 2007 at 12:08 PM • 11 Comments


text:
The Phenomenal Success of Josh Charles: An Inside Look at the Actor's Rise to Fame
When it comes to Hollywood success stories, Josh Charles' is one that should not be ignored. The American actor, who first gained mainstream popularity with his role in the movie "Dead Poets Society," has been steadily rising in the entertainment industry ever since. With his undeniable talent, impressive height, and remarkable achievements, it's no wonder Josh Charles is a name that continues to come up in Hollywood circles.
In this article, we'll be exploring everything you need to know about Josh Charles, including his age, height, net worth in 2023, and some insider secrets that have helped him make it big in Hollywood.
Who is Josh Charles?
Josh Charles was born on September 15, 1971, in Baltimore, Maryland. He started his acting career in the late 1980s and has since then appeared in numerous movies, TV shows, and theater productions. Charles is best known for his performances in "Dead Poets Society," "The Good Wife," and "Masters of Sex."
As a child, Charles was always fascinated with the entertainment industry and would put on plays alongside his siblings. His passion for acting has propelled him to where he is today.
Height and Age
At 50 years old, Josh Charles stands tall at 5'11", which is considered above average height for a male in the United States. Charles' height has proven beneficial to his career, as he has been able to portray a wide range of characters with ease.
Net Worth 2023
According to Celebrity Net Worth, Josh Charles' net worth stands at $8 million as of 2021. However, with his continued success in the entertainment industry, it's safe to say that his net worth is likely to increase to $10 million by 2023.
There's no single formula for success in Hollywood, but there are certainly some insider secrets that have worked for Josh Charles. Here are some of them:
1. Maintaining a Strong Work Ethic – Josh Charles is known for his intense work ethic, which has allowed him to improve his craft and take on challenging roles with ease.
2. Taking Risks – Charles has never been afraid to take on roles that were outside of his comfort zone, which has allowed him to showcase his versatility and range as an actor.
3. Surrounding Himself with a Strong Support System – From his family to his colleagues, Josh Charles has always been surrounded by people who support and uplift him.
Q. What other movies has Josh Charles appeared in?
A. Josh Charles has appeared in several successful movies, including "Four Brothers," "I Smile Back," and "Bird People."
Q. What TV shows has Josh Charles starred in?
A. In addition to "The Good Wife" and "Masters of Sex," Josh Charles has also appeared in "Sports Night" and "Wet Hot American Summer: First Day of Camp."
Q. What are some upcoming projects for Josh Charles?
A. Josh Charles is set to star in the upcoming movies "A Mouthful of Air" and "The Book of Ruth."
A Phenomenon in the Making
Josh Charles is a skilled actor who has charmed audiences with his exceptional talent and captivating performances. His rise to fame has been nothing short of phenomenal, and it's clear that he's here to stay. With a net worth that's only set to increase and an impressive array of upcoming projects, it's safe to say that Josh Charles is poised for even greater success in the years to come.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
When you make a chart, Excel determines the scale of the Y-axis based on the numbers in your data set. If the range of your data (the difference between the highest and lowest numbers) is greater than 20% of the lowest number in your data set, then the Y-axis of your chart will go from zero to a number greater than the highest number in your chart. If the range of your data is less than 20% of the lowest number, then the Y-axis will not start at zero, but at a number slightly lower than the lowest number in your data set, like in the first chart at the top of this post.
In the two charts above, the first one uses the scale Excel assigned to it using the 20% rule. It illustrates the fluctuation in temperature over the course of the week (this is Austin's forecast for the week).
But sometimes you may not want the default scale and will need to change it. In the second chart, I adjusted the Y-axis so it starts at zero. Now it doesn't emphasize the fluctuation in temperatures, but it does show how far the nineties are from zero, and that this week is rather hot*.
You always have the option to change the scale of your chart to meet your needs.
Change the Y-Axis Scale
- Select your chart.
- On the Layout tab of the ribbon, click on the Axes button.
- Select Primary Vertical Axis.
- Select More Vertical Axis Options.
- In the Axis Options section, for Minimum, select Fixed and enter the lowest number you want on your Y-axis.
- For Maximum, select Fixed, and type the number where you want the Y-axis to end.
- Click Close.
Note: if you've already changed your axis and want to go back to Excel's defaults, select Auto, instead of Fixed and click Close.
* I realize that for some readers living in other parts of the world, the nineties are practically chilly. I hope you're reading this with an iced beverage and a fan. Or air conditioning.


text:
/University of Maryland
Prof Inderjit Chopra
- University of Maryland
Dr. Inderjit Chopra is a Distinguished University Professor and Alfred Gessow Professor in Aerospace Engineering and Director of the Alfred Gessow Rotorcraft Center at the University of Maryland. Also, he was the Minta-Martin Research Professor from 1996 to 2000.
After receiving his Sc. D. degree from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1977, he joined the NASA Ames/Stanford University Joint Institute of Aeronautics & Acoustics, where he worked for four and half years on the development of aeroelastic analyses and testing of advanced helicopter rotor systems.
In 1981, he joined the University Maryland as an Associate Professor, and got promoted to Full Professor in 1986. He has been working on various fundamental problems related to aeromechanics of helicopters including aeromechanical stability, vibratory loads, active vibration control, modeling of composite blades, rotor head health monitoring, aeroelastic optimization, high advance ratio rotors, smart structures, swashplateless systems, CFD/CSD couplings, motor-body-engine couplings, micro air vehicles, and comprehensive aeromechanics analyses of bearingless, tilt-rotor, servo-flap, coaxial, compound, teetering, composite coupled rotors, and circulation control rotors. His direct graduate advising resulted over 50 Ph.D. and about 100 M.S. degrees, and his students are now playing important roles in rotorcraft industry, academia and federal labs. He acted as the Department Chairman from _PHONE_ and 2009-2010. For more information please click here.


text:
Microbiologist Yves Brun will join UdeM next January as the Canada 150 Research Chair in Bacterial Cell Biology.
UdeM will have the honour of welcoming microbiologist Yves Brun next January as one of the 25 Canada 150 Research Chairs announced this morning in Ottawa by Kirsty Duncan, Minister of Science and Minister of Sport and Persons with Disabilities. Each chair is endowed with a total budget of $7 million over 7 years.
Dr. Brun, who is currently the Clyde Culbertson Professor and Distinguished Professor of Biology at Indiana University, Bloomington, will join UdeM's Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology as the Canada 150 Research Chair in Bacterial Cell Biology. Dr. Brun and his team will explore the growing and alarming phenomenon of bacterial resistance to antibiotics, which the World Health Organization has declared one of the most serious threats to global public health. Aimed at countering the ability of bacteria to evolve and develop resistance to antibiotics, Dr. Brun's research will focus on two main targets: bacterial cell wall synthesis and the adhesion of bacteria to surfaces or biofilms. Capitalizing on techniques developed in his lab in Indiana, he will pursue his multidisciplinary collaboration with chemists, biophysicists, bioengineers and public health experts.
"I'm very happy with the arrival of Yves Brun on our campus," said Marie-Josée Hébert, Vice-Rector of Research, Discovery, Creation and Innovation. "The highly strategic expertise he brings will help build bridges between various disciplines with the aim of solving a critical public health issue. This Canada 150 Research Chair will be a catalyst for innovative, cutting-edge research in microbiology by strengthening cooperation between faculties, hospital research centres and Polytechnique Montréal."
"For me, joining Université de Montréal is a great opportunity to return to Quebec," said Dr. Brun. "UdeM offers a highly stimulating multidisciplinary environment that will allow me to push my research into the mechanisms of bacterial growth and adhesion even further. In this way, I hope to be able to help develop solutions to the urgent threat of antibiotic resistance."
Hélène Boisjoly, Dean of UdeM's Faculty of Medicine, welcomed the recruitment of Yves Brun to the Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology as "a key building block for biomedical research on the campus. The entire university community stands to benefit from his research and collaborations."
A native of Acadia, Dr. Brun has had a remarkable career. After earning a B.Sc. (1983) and M.Sc. (1985) from Université de Moncton and a Ph.D. from Université Laval (1990), he did his postdoctoral research at Stanford University before joining the faculty at Indiana University, Bloomington. From 1993 to 2018, he rose to IU's highest academic rank, after several stints as visiting professor (notably in France) and numerous guest speaker invitations. Over his career, he has published more than 130 articles in prestigious journals such as Cell, Science and Nature. Since 1994, the National Institutes of Health has consistently recognized his research efforts by awarding him grants totalling over $20 million. A world-renowned researcher in the field of cellular and molecular microbiology, Yves Brun's talent and creativity will be a huge asset for Université de Montréal.
About the Canada 150 Research Chairs program
Announced in the 2017 federal budget, the Canada 150 Research Chairs Program invests $117.6 million to enhance Canada's reputation as a global centre for science, research and innovation excellence, in celebration of Canada's 150th anniversary. It provides Canadian institutions with a one-time investment to attract top-tier, internationally based scholars and researchers to Canada, including Canadian expatriates. Following a rigorous peer-review process, over 25 eminent researchers were chosen to carry out new research initiatives in Canadian universities.


Bigarray.Array0(3) OCaml library Bigarray.Array0(3)
Bigarray.Array0 - Zero-dimensional arrays.
Module Bigarray.Array0
Module Array0
: sig end
Zero-dimensional arrays. The Array0 structure provides operations similar to those of Bigarray.Genarray , but specialized to the case of zero-dimensional arrays that only contain a single scalar value. Statically knowing the number of dimensions of the array allows faster operations, and more precise static type-checking.
Since 4.05
type (!'a, !'b, !'c) t
The type of zero-dimensional Bigarrays whose elements have OCaml type 'a , representation kind 'b , and memory layout 'c .
val create : ('a, 'b) Bigarray.kind -> 'c Bigarray.layout -> ('a, 'b, 'c) t
Array0.create kind layout returns a new Bigarray of zero dimension. kind and layout determine the array element kind and the array layout as described for Bigarray.Genarray.create .
val init : ('a, 'b) Bigarray.kind -> 'c Bigarray.layout -> 'a -> ('a, 'b, 'c) t
Array0.init kind layout v behaves like Array0.create kind layout except that the element is additionally initialized to the value v .
Since 4.12
val kind : ('a, 'b, 'c) t -> ('a, 'b) Bigarray.kind
Return the kind of the given Bigarray.
val layout : ('a, 'b, 'c) t -> 'c Bigarray.layout
Return the layout of the given Bigarray.
val change_layout : ('a, 'b, 'c) t -> 'd Bigarray.layout -> ('a, 'b, 'd) t
Array0.change_layout a layout returns a Bigarray with the specified layout , sharing the data with a . No copying of elements is involved: the new array and the original array share the same storage space.
Since 4.06
val size_in_bytes : ('a, 'b, 'c) t -> int
size_in_bytes a is a 's Bigarray.kind_size_in_bytes .
val get : ('a, 'b, 'c) t -> 'a
Array0.get a returns the only element in a .
val set : ('a, 'b, 'c) t -> 'a -> unit
Array0.set a x v stores the value v in a .
val blit : ('a, 'b, 'c) t -> ('a, 'b, 'c) t -> unit
Copy the first Bigarray to the second Bigarray. See Bigarray.Genarray.blit for more details.
val fill : ('a, 'b, 'c) t -> 'a -> unit
Fill the given Bigarray with the given value. See Bigarray.Genarray.fill for more details.
val of_value : ('a, 'b) Bigarray.kind -> 'c Bigarray.layout -> 'a -> ('a, 'b, 'c) t
Build a zero-dimensional Bigarray initialized from the given value.
2024-05-31 OCamldoc


text:
How to effectively remove exhaust gas from fire engines with special exhaust pipes? While needing a flexible solution that disconnects the system from the fire truck at call-out? This question Geovent receive from a customer.
The British Air Force uses American fire engines at their airports and these require a special solution to remove exhaust gas when the fire engines are started on call-out. This avoids the firefighters being exposed to the polluting exhaust gas.
Both the design of the nozzle and the position of the exhaust pipe were a challenge, but also that the nozzle has to be flexible during the call-out. At the same time, the customer wanted the solution to be operable from the ground, despite the size of the fire engines.
In a close cooperation with the customer, Geovent developed an arm on which the special suction head is mounted. The length of the arm allows the solution to be operated from the ground. An electromagnet is placed on the arm and is connected to the fire truck. When the fire truck leaves the fire station, the power to the magnet is switched off and the system is disconnected. This makes the solution both efficient and flexible, and solves the customer's challenges to full satisfaction.


text:
The problems of the production of potassium hydroxide from local raw materials of Uzbekistan are considered. The methods for producing potassium hydroxide are analyzed. The rheological properties of the intermediate solutions and suspensions formed in the process of obtaining potassium hydroxide by the calcareous method have been investigated. The optimal technological parameters of the process — the content of potassium hydroxide in the liquid phase, the ratio of the solid and liquid phases and the concentration of the washing solution were established to achieve the maximum filtration rate. The effect of the amount and concentration of washing water on the filtration rate during three-time washing of the precipitate in the washing stage and the degree of washing the precipitate relative to potassium hydroxide in dry sediment were studied. A chemical analysis of the initial precipitation and precipitation after the third washing was performed in order to determine the possible transition of potassium hydroxide into them. It is proposed to use the technological scheme for obtaining potassium hydroxide with three times washing the precipitate and returning the washing water to the caustification stage.
- A.A.Kurilkin, V.M.Mukhin, S.G.Kireev, L.A.Kargaltseva, "Carbon adsorbents modified with potassium hydroxide", Received December 24, 2009.
- A.G.Eikmeyet, R.F.Johnson, B.G.Goar, "Carbon Dioxide Removali Encyclopedia of Chemical Processing and Design eds" J.J.McKetta, W.A.Cunningham. New York; Basel: Marcel Dekker Inc., vol. 6, pp. 292-310, 1978.
- B.B.Turakulov, B.X.Kucharov, A.U.Erkayev, Z.K.Toirov, A.M.Reymov, "Improvement of potassium hydroxide production by the lime process", Universum: technical sciences, G. Moskva no. 10(43), 2017.
- Applied electrochemistry, 3rd ed., Pererab. Ed. A.L. Rotnjana. L.: Chemistry, 1974. 536 p.
- D.Schafer, A.P.S.Kamps, B.Rumpf, G.Maurer, "Experimental investigation on the influence of boric acid on the solubility of carbon dioxide in aqueous solutions of potassium hydroxide", Vestnik СПбГУ, Сер. 4, 2013.
- S.A.Zaretskiy, V.N.Suchkov, P.B.Jivotinskiy, "Electrochemical technology of inorganic substances and chemical current sources", Textbook for students of technical schools, Moscow: Higher School, 1980, p. 423.
- M.Z.Kanel, E.V.Konoplev, I.A.Shesterkin, "The method of obtaining pure potassium hydroxide", Patent _PHONE_ Russia. and others Publ, March 21, 2013.
- A.F.Zhukov, I.F.Kolosova, V.V.Kuznetsov, "Analytical chemistry", "Physical and physicochemical methods of analysis", Moskva: Chemistry, 2001, 496 p.
- Guide to practical training on the technology of inorganic substances. Ed. Pozina M.E. L.: Chemistry, 1980, 368 p.
- G.Schwarzenbach, G.Flaška, "Complexometric titration", Moskva: Chemistry, 1970, 360 p.
- Flame phovol. etry: guidelines for laboratory work. Samara. SSTU. 2013. 13 p.
- N.S.Poluektov, "Analysis methods for flame phovol", Moskva: Chemistry, 1967, 307 p.
- N.S.Poluektov, "Methods of analysis by flame phovol", Moskva: Chemistry, 1967, 307 p.
- B.B.Turakulov, A.U. Erkaev, B.Kh. Kucharov, Z.K. Toirov, "The study of some physicochemical properties of potassium hydroxide solutions I International Scientific and Practical Conference "Actual problems of introducing innovative equipment and technologies at enterprises for the production of building materials, the chemical industry and related industries" May 24-25, p. 286, 2019.
- B.B.Turakulov, A.U.Erkaev, B.Kh.Kucharov, Z.K.Toirov, "The decantation of the solid phase of the suspension of the production of potassium hydroxide in a calcareous manner based on local raw materials", International scientific and technical conference "Innovative materials and technologies 2019" Minsk, Republic of Belarus January 9-11, 2019 pp. 500-503.
Turakulov, Behzod Begmatovich; Erkayev, Aktam Ulashevich; Kucharov, Baxrom Xayrievich; Toirov, Zokir Kalandarovich; and Iskenderov, Akhmed Maksetbaevich
"Research of rheological properties and filtrability of suspension in the production of potassium hydroxide by calcareous method,"
Chemical Technology, Control and Management: Vol. 2019
, Article 3.
Available at: _URL_


text:
You are here
Gamma Ray Lens Feasibility Study
Phone: _PHONE_
Ganuna (7)-ray lenses are an advanced technology currently under development at Argonne National Laboratory for arms control application. The purpose of this proposal is to address whether y-ray lens technology can enable an improved system for imaging radioactive isotopes in patients. In nuclear medicine, it is often desirable to generate a y-ray image that shows the exact areas where an emitting isotope is located. The motivation for proposing a y-ray lens for radionucide imaging is the potentially significant advantages that it may provide over existing technology, specifically in terms of superior image resolution, reduced radioactive dose to the patient, and cost. The proposed effort will develop the conceptual design of a y-ray lens system for radioactive isotope imaging, predict its performance, estimate its cost, and compare it with existing nuclear medicine imaging technology. The questions this work will answer are: (1) Does the y-lens provide better resolution than existing systems? (2) Does they-lens efficiency enable lower radioactive doses to be administered to patients? (3) Can the y-lens system be built sufficiently compact to fit within existing treatment facilities? The answers to these questions will establish the practical feasibility of 7-ray lenses for imaging radioactive isotopes in patients. Anticipated Benefits: The anticipated benefits of a y-ray lens system for radioisotope imaging include: superior imaging, less patient exposure to radioactive dose, and cost savings. There are also a number of other potential conu-nercial applications of y-ray lenses, including angiography optics (cardiac imaging), arms control instrumentation, and cancer therapy. This proposed effort will determine whether y-lens technology is commercially feasible for these.
* Information listed above is at the time of submission. *


Re: difference between attr= and attrs=?
At 11:20 AM 12/1/00 +0800, Corisen wrote:
>may i know if there is any difference between using "attr=" and "attrs=" in
>the ACL?
yes, no difference.
>would really appreciate if someone could just spend a little time to explain
>what is the entry in the "attr=attribute,entry" used for? when and why must
>it be use in some cases for ACL to work properly.
I suggest you check the archives of this list.


The Daughters of Carrawburgh
Sam Layton, a respected psychic medium, is called upon by a reclusive landowner to determine how a murder at a prehistoric stone circle relates to human sacrifices that have occurred there through antiquity. He joins forces with Emma, an archaeologist grieving for her husband recently killed at the site, but events begin to affect him on a personal and dangerous level …
Whilst investigating the paranormal occurrences in the area, and with the discovery of more gruesome archaeological finds, Layton believes they relate to events locked away in his childhood memories. He is also desperate to discover the fate of the woman he loves.
Set against the atmospheric backdrop of ancient landscapes, stone circles, Roman ruins and ghosts, forests and moorland, The Daughters of Carrawburgh is a thrilling paranormal adventure.


text:
GONDAN delivers Research Vessel Dr Fridtjof Nansen
Today GONDAN has delivered the Oceanographic Research vessel "Dr Fridtjof Nansen" to the Norwegian Institute of Marine Research. After recently completing successfully the comprehensive sea trials program, the vessel is heading today to Bergen, her Port of Registry.
The vessel, outfitted according to the best shipbuilding standard for modern noise reduced Research Vessels, in compliance with the strict requirements of ICES 209, will mainly operate in tropic and sub-tropic areas in developing countries. Cutting edge technology has been used for the vessel to develop activities focused on marine ecosystem studies with emphasis on fish stock assessment. In addition, the vessel will be used for: data collection for studies and understanding of climate change effects, mapping of marine biodiversity, measurements of CO2 and the resulting acidification of the oceans, measurements of oxygen and de-oxygenation of the oceans and studies of pollution.


text:
Neural network-based sensorless direct power control of permanent magnet synchronous motor
Artikel i vetenskaplig tidskrift, 2016
In this paper, a sensorless permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drive was presented based on direct power control (DPC) technique. To estimate the rotor's position and speed of PMSM, a drastic sensorless strategy was developed according to artificial neural network (ANN) to reduce the cost of the drive and enhance the reliability. The proposed sensorless scheme was an innovative model reference adaptive system (MRAS) speed observer for DPC control PMSM drives. The suggested MRAS speed observer employed the current model as an adaptive model. The ANN was then designed and trained online by employing a back propagation network (BPN) algorithm. Performance of the proposed strategy was adopted using simulation analysis. The results showed the fast dynamic response, low ripples in motor's currents, power, and electromagnetic torque, as well as good performance in tracking speed and power references.
Artificial neural network
Direct power control


Directory structure explained
Warp is separated into three layers. The first layer is the core framework which provides the base CSS, a JavaScript effects library and a collection of PHP helpers. Each part of the core framework is universal and designed to work on every supported system. The second layer is the system dependent layer, which provides the individual system implementation needed to integrate with a particular CMS. This layer makes Warp adapt to a certain system to form a consistent API for theme development. The third layer is the theme specific layer, this is where all the individual theme files go. It's the working place where all the theme's custom HTML, CSS, JavaScript and images are being stored.
 - theme folder
 - warp framework folder
This gives you full flexibility to override any important theme related file. In the following we will give a short overview of the most important files if you want to customize a Warp theme.
Styles are variations of the default theme and are similar to the concept of child themes in WordPress or sub themes in Drupal. A style defines a layer after the default theme and can inherit or override resources from the parent default theme. Warp walks along the file cascade looking for the resource until it is found. This gives you full flexibility to override any file of the default theme. Each style is placed in its own directory in the theme's /styles folder and can provide its own custom HTML layouts, CSS, JavaScript and images. Our Create a new style tutorial explains how to create your own custom style.
The main template file /layouts/template.php is the heart of every theme, it provides the complete HTML markup for the base theme layout. This is different from standard Joomla templates or WordPress themes where the index.php is the main template file. The second important file is the /layouts/template.config.php which includes some layout calculations and defines all the theme's CSS and JavaScripts.
 - Template File: /layouts/template.php
 - Template Configuration File: /layouts/template.config.php
 - Module Styles: /layouts/module.php
The CSS files are divided into three different layers and are placed in their respective folders for theme specific /css, system dependent /warp/systems/joomla/css and framework styles /warp/css. Including these files is really easy because Warp also uses its file helper to locate them across the different folders. Here is an overview on the different files:
 - print.css - Used when printing.
 - mobile.css - Styles the theme for mobile phones.
Warp also provides a library of JavaScript effects used in dropdown and accordion menus, the AJAX search or the mobile theme. The JavaScript files are also structured and stored in their own folders for theme specific /js, system dependent /warp/systems/joomla/js and framework scripts /warp/js. All scripts are configured in a single file /js/template.js. This file is used to enable or disable effects which will be loaded with the theme.
 - Theme JavaScript: /js/template.js
System Markup
Every system has a set of layouts which defines the HTML markup for the core CMS output. For Joomla these are typically the HTML overrides that are used by the theme to render the content component or modules like the login or search. The Joomla 1.7 files are located in /warp/systems/joomla/layouts. In WordPress the layouts provide a HTML markup for the different pages like blog frontpage, the archive or a single post. The WordPress files are located in /warp/systems/wordpress/layouts. To keep things simple, Warp basically uses the same HTML output for all supported systems. Regardless of what you are viewing, articles of a category in Joomla's content component or posts from a category in WordPress, Warp renders the HTML. This allows to create universal CSS rules which apply for both CMS platforms.
 - Joomla 2.5 and Joomla 3.0 System Files: /warp/systems/joomla/layouts
 - WordPress System Files: /warp/systems/wordpress/layouts
Documentation on Github


text:
Researchers Collect "Signals Intelligence" on Insect Pests
By Jan Suszkiw
March 23, 2011
Using commercially available parts, U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) scientists and colleagues have developed a new automated system for detecting insects based on the peculiar sounds the insects make while moving.
According to entomologist Richard Mankin of USDA's Agricultural Research Service (ARS), one likely application will be to automate routine monitoring of industrial-scale traps, especially those placed in hard-to-reach areas like crawl spaces or near food processing equipment.
Automated insect monitoring could also be useful in situations where frequent checking of traps is impractical, adds Mankin, with the ARS Insect Behavior and Biocontrol Research Unit in Gainesville, Fla. ARS is USDA's principal intramural scientific research agency, and the research supports the USDA priority of promoting international food security.
Mankin developed the device in collaboration with North Carolina State University researchers Ryan Hodges, Troy Nagel and Coby Schal, all in Raleigh, and Roberto Pereira and Philip Koehler, both at the University of Florida in Gainesville. The team's objective was to make automated insect monitoring affordable, easy to use and reliable.
Toward that end, they integrated commercially available sensors (LEDs, microphones and piezoelectric film) with high-gain amplifiers and laptop-run software for analyzing signals. The system uses the sensors to collect infrared, acoustic and vibration signals generated by three kinds of insect movements: wriggling, crawling and scraping. The software analyzes the signals to create a profile of the target insect that distinguishes it from other species.
The researchers tested the device on three stored-product pests (rice weevil, red flour beetle and drugstore beetle) and two household pests (German cockroach and bed bug). In tests, individuals of each pest species were placed in small arenas where their signals could be collected and analyzed for differences in profile, amplitude and duration.
All species tested generated all signal types, but red flour beetles mostly wriggled, German cockroaches typically ran or crawled, and bed bugs mostly scraped.
Mankin envisions users placing the devices in traps or near infested structures and monitoring them remotely.
Read more about the research in the March 2011 issue of Agricultural Research magazine.


text:
Leonardo DiCaprio is a renowned actor who has captivated audiences with his exceptional talent and stunning performances. Despite his Italian-sounding name, there is a common misconception that he is an Italian immigrant. Let's dive deeper into the truth behind this speculation.
The Early Life of Leonardo DiCaprio
Leonardo Wilhelm DiCaprio was born on November 11, 1974, in Los Angeles, California. His parents are George DiCaprio and Irmelin Indenbirken. Although his surname sounds Italian, Leonardo's ancestry does have Italian roots.
Fun fact: Leonardo's father is of half German and half Italian descent.
The Italian Connection
While the DiCaprio family name sounds unmistakably Italian, it is essential to note that Leonardo himself was born and raised in the United States. His paternal grandparents, Salvatore DiCaprio and Rosina Casella, were both of Italian heritage.
Note: Leonardo's grandmother Rosina Casella migrated from Italy to the United States during her childhood.
The Real Immigration Story
Despite the mistaken belief that Leonardo himself is an immigrant, it was actually his maternal grandparents who immigrated to the United States from Germany and Russia. His maternal grandfather came from Germany while his maternal grandmother hailed from Russia.
The Influence of Ancestry
Although not an immigrant himself, it is clear that Leonardo DiCaprio's diverse heritage has played a significant role in shaping his identity and artistic expression. He embraces his Italian ancestry as part of his cultural heritage while remaining deeply connected to his American upbringing.
In conclusion, while Leonardo DiCaprio's surname may give the impression of Italian heritage, he is not an Italian immigrant. Leonardo's grandparents, specifically his paternal grandmother, had Italian origins.
However, it is important to note that Leonardo himself was born and raised in the United States. Nonetheless, his diverse ancestry has undoubtedly influenced his life and career, contributing to his incredible performances and broad appeal.


Are first person shooters healthy for kids?
Asked by: Sofias4
 - Not necessarily healthy but not negative
 Many video games including first person shooters help kids strenghthen hand eye coordination skills. But the problem is kids aren't really supposed to play them in the first place, most fps games are rated mature and there's a reason for that so if you don't want your child exposed to violence then don't give them access to the game.
 - Yes, if Done Well
 While it is true that many major titles like Call of Duty or Battlefield are arcade-like and not representative of reality, other games like Arma or Red Orchestra 2 are more accurate. It's not like the glorification of war is exclusive to video games; it has been in every form of entertainment media to date. I can't even begin to count the number of movies that fit the bill. Some games like Spec Ops: The Line actually provide really insightful commentary on war. Others are outright shy down by critics from the community for being too accurate.
 - Not healthy for kids
 It makes the kids want to be like the people in the game. Have you ever heard the stories about those kids shooting people? The rate of kids killing people are rising and i think it is because of games like these. I would let my kid play these games until he was probably 15
 - No, they are not
 No they are not healthy to kids for a number of reasons (not to say that there are no positive aspects to these games), firstly they give kids a false sense of what real war is like and therefore desensitize them to that kind of thing, secondly its gives them false ideas about the physical limits of the human body (in no way am i saying this applies to all kids, but mostly younger ones), for example healing quickly after being shot, being able to be shot with multiple bullets and still survive and lastly i must say that this definitely does not apply to all kids, but it does to the majority of them, so no, i do not think that they are exactly healthy for kids.
 - No, not healthy.
 First person shooters aren't exactly "bad" for kids, they provide entertainment and there's no evidence to support that they negatively affect mentally stable children. However, they're not "healthy". A child who plays fps's isn't going to be any healthier, mentally, emotionally, or physically, than a child who doesn't. Playing shooters isn't hurting children, but it's not improving their health.
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Withdraw in a Sentence 🔊
Definition of Withdraw
to remove or take away something from a specific place
Examples of Withdraw in a sentence
Because he no longer wants the job, the applicant decided to withdraw his application from the running. 🔊
Before he can withdraw his money from the bank, the man must fill out a withdrawal form. 🔊
The student has decided to withdraw his entry from the art contest and try again next year. 🔊
Other words in the Reject category:
Most Searched Words (with Video)


it has not corresponding "command". So you can't run "grails _grails-settings" for example. That is also why they don't have a default target.
Internal scripts are all about code sharing and reuse. In fact, we recommend you take a similar approach in your own scripts: put all your targets into an internal script that can be easily shared, and provide simple command scripts that parse any command line arguments and delegate to the targets in the internal script. For example if you have a script that runs some functional tests, you can split it like this:
includeTargets << new File("${basedir}/scripts/_FunctionalTests.groovy")
target(default: "Runs the functional tests for this project.") { depends(runFunctionalTests) }
includeTargets << grailsScript("_GrailsTest")
target(runFunctionalTests: "Run functional tests.") { depends(...) … }
Here are a few general guidelines on writing scripts:
 - Split scripts into a "command" script and an internal one.
 - Put the bulk of the implementation in the internal script.
 - Put argument parsing into the "command" script.
 - To pass arguments to a target, create some script variables and initialise them before calling the target.
 - Avoid name clashes by using closures assigned to script variables instead of targets. You can then pass arguments direct to the closures.
4.4 Hooking into Events
Grails provides the ability to hook into scripting events. These are events triggered during execution of Grails target and plugin scripts.
The mechanism is deliberately simple and loosely specified. The list of possible events is not fixed in any way, so it is possible to hook into events triggered by plugin scripts, for which there is no equivalent event in the core target scripts.
Defining event handlers
Event handlers are defined in scripts called _Events.groovy. Grails searches for these scripts in the following locations:
 - USER_HOME/.grails/scripts - user-specific event handlers
 - PROJECT_HOME/scripts - applicaton-specific event handlers
 - PLUGINS_HOME/*/scripts - plugin-specific event handlers
 - GLOBAL_PLUGINS_HOME/*/scripts - event handlers provided by global plugins
Whenever an event is fired, all the registered handlers for that event are executed. Note that the registration of handlers is performed automatically by Grails, so you just need to declare them in the relevant _Events.groovy file.
Event handlers are blocks defined in _Events.groovy, with a name beginning with "event". The following example can be put in your /scripts directory to demonstrate the feature:
eventCreatedArtefact = { type, name ->
 println "Created $type $name"
eventStatusUpdate = { msg -> println msg }
eventStatusFinal = { msg -> println msg }
You can see here the three handlers eventCreatedArtefact, eventStatusUpdate, eventStatusFinal. Grails provides some standard events, which are documented in the command line reference guide. For example the compile command fires the following events:
 - CompileStart - Called when compilation starts, passing the kind of compile - source or tests
 - CompileEnd - Called when compilation is finished, passing the kind of compile - source or tests
Triggering events
To trigger an event simply include the Init.groovy script and call the event() closure:
includeTargets << grailsScript("_GrailsEvents")
event("StatusFinal", ["Super duper plugin action complete!"])
Common Events
Below is a table of some of the common events that can be leveraged:
StatusUpdatemessagePassed a string indicating current script status/progress
StatusErrormessagePassed a string indicating an error message from the current script
StatusFinalmessagePassed a string indicating the final script status message, i.e. when completing a target, even if the target does not exit the scripting environment
CreatedArtefactartefactType,artefactNameCalled when a create-xxxx script has completed and created an artefact
CreatedFilefileNameCalled whenever a project source filed is created, not including files constantly managed by Grails
ExitingreturnCodeCalled when the scripting environment is about to exit cleanly
PluginInstalledpluginNameCalled after a plugin has been installed
CompileStartkindCalled when compilation starts, passing the kind of compile - source or tests
CompileEndkindCalled when compilation is finished, passing the kind of compile - source or tests
DocStartkindCalled when documentation generation is about to start - javadoc or groovydoc
DocEndkindCalled when documentation generation has ended - javadoc or groovydoc
SetClasspathrootLoaderCalled during classpath initialization so plugins can augment the classpath with rootLoader.addURL(...). Note that this augments the classpath after event scripts are loaded so you cannot use this to load a class that your event script needs to import, although you can do this if you load the class by name.
PackagingEndnoneCalled at the end of packaging (which is called prior to the Tomcat server being started and after web.xml is generated)
4.5 Customising the build
Grails is most definitely an opinionated framework and it prefers convention to configuration, but this doesn't mean you can't configure it. In this section, we look at how you can influence and modify the standard Grails build.
The defaults
The core of the Grails build configuration is the grails.util.BuildSettings class, which contains quite a bit of useful information. It controls where classes are compiled to, what dependencies the application has, and other such settings.
Here is a selection of the configuration options and their default values:
PropertyConfig optionDefault value
The BuildSettings class has some other properties too, but they should be treated as read-only:
baseDirThe location of the project.
userHomeThe user's home directory.
grailsHomeThe location of the Grails installation in use (may be null).
grailsVersionThe version of Grails being used by the project.
grailsEnvThe current Grails environment.
compileDependenciesA list of compile-time project dependencies as File instances.
testDependenciesA list of test-time project dependencies as File instances.
runtimeDependenciesA list of runtime-time project dependencies as File instances.
Of course, these properties aren't much good if you can't get hold of them. Fortunately that's easy to do: an instance of BuildSettings is available to your scripts as the grailsSettings script variable. You can also access it from your code by using the grails.util.BuildSettingsHolder class, but this isn't recommended.
Overriding the defaults
All of the properties in the first table can be overridden by a system property or a configuration option - simply use the "config option" name. For example, to change the project working directory, you could either run this command:
grails -Dgrails.project.work.dir=work compile
or add this option to your grails-app/conf/BuildConfig.groovy file:
grails.project.work.dir = "work"
Note that the default values take account of the property values they depend on, so setting the project working directory like this would also relocate the compiled classes, test classes, resources, and plugins.
What happens if you use both a system property and a configuration option? Then the system property wins because it takes precedence over the BuildConfig.groovy file, which in turn takes precedence over the default values.
The BuildConfig.groovy file is a sibling of grails-app/conf/Config.groovy - the former contains options that only affect the build, whereas the latter contains those that affect the application at runtime. It's not limited to the options in the first table either: you will find build configuration options dotted around the documentation, such as ones for specifying the port that the embedded servlet container runs on or for determining what files get packaged in the WAR file.
Available build settings
grails.server.port.httpPort to run the embedded servlet container on ("run-app" and "run-war"). Integer.
grails.server.port.httpsPort to run the embedded servlet container on for HTTPS ("run-app --https" and "run-war --https"). Integer.
grails.config.base.webXmlPath to a custom web.xml file to use for the application (alternative to using the web.xml template).
grails.compiler.dependenciesLegacy approach to adding extra dependencies to the compiler classpath. Set it to a closure containing "fileset()" entries. These entries will be processed by an AntBuilder so the syntax is the Groovy form of the corresponding XML elements in an Ant build file, e.g. fileset(dir: "$basedir/lib", include: "**/*.class).
grails.testing.patternsA list of Ant path patterns that let you control which files are included in the tests. The patterns should not include the test case suffix, which is set by the next property.
grails.testing.nameSuffixBy default, tests are assumed to have a suffix of "Tests". You can change it to anything you like but setting this option. For example, another common suffix is "Test".
grails.project.war.fileA string containing the file path of the generated WAR file, along with its full name (include extension). For example, "target/my-app.war".
grails.war.dependenciesA closure containing "fileset()" entries that allows you complete control over what goes in the WAR's "WEB-INF/lib" directory.
grails.war.copyToWebAppA closure containing "fileset()" entries that allows you complete control over what goes in the root of the WAR. It overrides the default behaviour of including everything under "web-app".
grails.war.resourcesA closure that takes the location of the staging directory as its first argument. You can use any Ant tasks to do anything you like. It is typically used to remove files from the staging directory before that directory is jar'd up into a


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Making the Modern World
Photography, itself a product of a technical age, was seen as a medium ideally suited to record a period of material expansion and massive industrialisation. The nineteenth-century revolution in transport saw the creation of a worldwide network of roads, railways, canals and shipping and all were subject to intense scrutiny by the camera. An early and accomplished example of the use of photography to record the progress of construction projects is to be seen in Philip Delamotte's record of the construction of the Crystal Palace at Sydenham from 1853-55; but it was in France in particular that photography was used most extensively by the civil engineer and collections of prints were made recording the achievements of the Public Works Department in harbour construction, public architecture and communications. Indeed, for a number of studios, such as that of Hippolyte Collard, this branch of work became a speciality. Such photographs served not only as prosaic progress records, but expressed a potent visual declaration of national pride in material progress.
Philip Henry Delamotte, c.1853
Philip Henry Delamotte, the open colonnade of the Crystal Palace, Sydenham, garden front, c. 1853
After the closure of the 1851 Great Exhibition, the Crystal Palace which had housed it was dismantled and transferred to Sydenham in South London. Philip Henry Delamotte's photographic record of its reconstruction on the new site is an early example of the use of photography to create a detailed record of the progress of a civil engineering project. This elegant architectural vista is one of a hundred photographs by Delamotte recording the construction of the Crystal Palace and published as Photographic Views of the progress of the Crystal Palace, Sydenham (London, 1855). Opened by Queen Victoria in 1854, the building survived until 1936, when it was destroyed by fire.
Justin Kozlowski, c.1860
Justin Kozlowski, Dredgers at work in the Suez Canal, 1860s
Little is known of the career of Justin Kozlowski, apart from the fact that he had originally come to France as a Polish refugee in the 1830s. This photograph, from an album of views recording construction work on the Suez Canal, appears to be his only known photographic work and documents the building of the canal from its early stages up to the opening ceremony on 18 November 1869.
Hippolyte Auguste Collard, c.1864
Maps 148.d.15 (15)
Hippolyte Auguste Collard, Perspective du passage des piétons sous la Viaduc, Pont-du-Jour, Paris, c. 1864
The physical transformation of Paris in the middle years of the nineteenth century was a major stimulus for photographers, both in recording the old before it was destroyed and in documenting the progress of great new projects. A number of photographers at this period specialised in such work, among them Hippolyte Collard, who styled himself 'Photographer of Bridges and Highways.' Collard was officially employed to photograph the progress of a number of major construction projects in Paris between 1857 and 1870, among them this series of views showing the building of the road and rail bridge across the Seine at Point-du-Jour (now Pont de Garigliano) between 1863 and 1866.
Unknown Photographer, 1870
Add. MS 59505 f.75
Unknown photographer, Building the Mont Cenis Tunnel, 1870
The eight-mile long Mont Cenis Tunnel (also known as the Frejus Tunnel) connects the towns of Mondane in France and Bardonecchia in Italy. Completed in 1871, it was the first rock tunnel of its sort and pioneered several new engineering techniques. This view, showing one of the boring machines known as 'perforatrices', was clearly taken outside the tunnel rather than at the rock face: it has been heavily retouched to obscure the background and to suggest that it was taken inside the tunnel. The photograph formed the basis for a number of reproductions in contemporary newspapers.
Unknown Photographer, 1898
Photo 1132/1 (7)
Unknown photographer, Construction work on the Central Line of the London Underground, 1898
Gelatin silver print
Increasing congestion in Central London in the mid-nineteenth century led to the creation of the world's first underground system. The Metropolitan Line, running from Paddington to Farringdon, was opened in 1863 and the following decades saw a swift development of the network. In 1891 the Central London Railway was formed to build a line connecting the City to the growing western suburbs of London. The line connecting Shepherd's Bush to Bank was opened in 1900 and proved an immediate success. This is one of a rare series of views showing work in progress on the tunnel in 1898.
D.S. George, c.1900
Photo 430/64 (9)
D. S. George, Construction of the Aswan Dam: masonry and sluices in the western channel, c. 1900.
Built between 1899 and 1902, the Aswan Dam was an attempt to harness and regulate the water supply of the Nile for agricultural production and to generate hydro-electric power for industrial development. Despite the ambitiousness of the project, in practice the dam was unable to supply an adequate storage reservoir and was further heightened in 1907-12 and 1929-34. Finally the 'high' dam was constructed in the 1960s. Little is known about D. S. George, a local commercial photographer, although he appears to have been commissioned to document the construction of the original dam from its earliest stages through to completion.
Further pages from the project:
Top of Page


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Robert Mikos (UC Davis-Law) and Cindy Kam (UC Davis-Political Science) have posted Do Citizens Care About Federalism? An Experimental Test on SSRN. The article describes the authors' empirical study which they say demonstrates that citizen preferences for federalism (state-centered authority and autonomy) play a role in shaping public opinion in policy debates. Specifically, they claim that when political elites advance federalism values it can weaken public support for federal action within a sphere where citizens have a preference for state-based control. Because issues of federalism often lie at the heart of corporate law debates, this research is relevant to corporate policy debates on the legitimacy of federal action regulating corporations. Here is the abstract:
The ongoing debate over the political safeguards of federalism has essentially ignored the role that citizens might play in restraining federal power. Scholars have assumed that citizens care only about policy outcomes and will invariably support congressional legislation that satisfies their substantive policy preferences, no matter the cost to state powers. Scholars thus typically turn to institutions — the courts or institutional features of the political process — to cabin congressional authority. We argue that ignoring citizens is a mistake. We propose a new theory of the political safeguards of federalism in which citizens help to safeguard state authority. We also test our theory using evidence from a nationally representative survey experiment that focuses on the timely issue of physician-assisted suicide. We find that citizens are not single-mindedly interested in policy outcomes; trust in state governments and federalism beliefs, on the urging of political elites, reduce their willingness to support a federal ban on physician-assisted suicide.


text:
C. H. Lin, R. C. T. Lee and C. C. Chang+
Institute of Computer Science
National Tsing Hua University
Hsinchu, Taiwan 30043, Republic of China
+Institute of Computer Science and Information Engineering
National Chung Cheng University
Chiayi, Taiwan 62107, Republic of China
In this paper, a dynamic access control mechanism with a single lock for an information protection system is proposed. Each file in the system is assigned a lock value. The access right of a user to a file is revealed by applying straightforward division operations on the file's lock. In addition, our mechanism is suitable for changing a privilege value, insertion or deletion of a user, and insertion or deletion of a file with a small change in the lock value(s). Compared to Wu and Hwangs' and Chang's methods, the computation of a lock value is simple and the verification of an access request is quite efficient.
Keywords: access request, authorized access, dynamic access control mechanism, linear-hierarchy, privilege, requesting privilege, singlekey-lock (SKL) system
Received August 15, 1989; revised November 3, 1989.
Communicated by Lin-Shan Lee.
*Parts of this paper has been presented in the International Workshop on Discrete Algorithms and Complexity, November 20-22, 1989, Fukuoka, Japan, Sponsored by IEICE Technical Group on Computation (COMP), IPSJ Special Interest Group on Algorithms(SIGAL), and IPSJ Kyushu Branch.


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Par Legal Terminologyadmin
Traditional meaning of par in English (with legal use of this Latin concept in England and the United States in the nineteenth century) : (in Latin) idem. Pares: Peers. The free owners of a neighborhood. Pares curiae: tenants of a manor house who are present on the farm; see Book 2 ("The Rights of Things"), Blackstone's Commentaries on the Laws of England 54. the place. Pares regni: Peers of the Reiches. in commercial law. » Equal; Equality. The equality between the nominal or nominal value of a bill of exchange, share of shares, etc. and its actual sale value. Thus, if the values are equal, the instrument or action is called "au par"; If it can be sold at a price above its face value, it is "above face value", if it is "below face value", it is "below face value". tt Edward v.
Fisch, 156 N. Y. 363, 50 N. E. 973; Evans v. Tillman, 38 pp. C. 238, 17 p. E. 49. In commercial law.
The exact equality or equivalence of a particular sum or sum of money in the coin of one country and the same sum or sum of money in the coin of another foreign country in which it is to be exchanged, provided that the currency of that country has the exact weight and purity determined by the currency standard of that country. Geschichte, Rechnungen, 4 30. Murphy v. Kastner, 50 N. J. Gl. 220, 24 Atl. 564; Blue Star S.
S. Co. v. Keyser (D.C.) 81 Fed. 510. The nominal value of the currencies of two countries means the equivalence of a certain amount of the currency of one in the currency of the other, provided that the currency of both has the exact weight and purity determined by their respective currencies. Trade between the two countries should be on an equal footing when invoices are negotiated on this basis; t. if an invoice for 100 euros drawn up in London is sold in Paris for 2,520 Frs., and vice versa. Bowen, Pol. Econ.
284. PARA. It is used to designate a state of equality or equal value. Bills of exchange, shares and the like are equivalent if sold at nominal value; above or below par if sold more or less. Supported by Black's Law Dictionary, Free 2nd ed., and The Law Dictionary. The New York State Society of Certified Public Accountants provides the following definition of peer in a way that is easy for everyone to understand: equal to the face or face value of a security. In commercial law. Equal; Equality.
The equality between the nominal or nominal value of a bill of exchange, share of shares, etc. and its actual sale value. Thus, if the values are equal, the instrument or action is called "au par"; If it can be sold at a price above its face value, it is "above face value", if it is "below face value", it is "below face value". Fort Edward v. Fisch, 156 N. vol. 363, 50 N. E. 973; Evans v. Tillman, 38 pp. C. 238, 17 p.
E. 49. n. 1). (2) the par value of a share or bond printed on the certificate, i.e. the amount paid by the original purchaser to the issuing company. However, most common shares are issued at "par value" and the value reflects the current stock market. Preferred shares indicate a par value on the basis of which dividends are calculated, and the par value of bonds determines the final amount of payment at maturity, usually many years into the future.
(See: shares, common shares, preferred shares) The term even refers to an equality that exists between the nominal or nominal value of a document – such as a bill of exchange or a share – and its actual sales value. If the values are equal, the proportion is called by; If it can be sold at a price higher than its face value, it is higher than its face value; If it sells for less than its face value, it is lower than its face value. Alternative definitions of para: (1) average, equal, normal, etc. (2) nominal value, as for negotiable instruments. (ex par-tay, but popularly ex part) Latin adj. means "for a party" and refers to petitions, hearings or orders made at the request and for the benefit of a single party. This is an exception to the fundamental rule of judicial proceedings that both parties must be present at every hearing before a judge, and to the otherwise strict rule that a lawyer may not notify a judge without first notifying the objection. Ex parte cases are usually injunctions (such as an injunction or pre-trial detention) awaiting a formal hearing or an urgent request for an extension. Most jurisdictions require at least a cautious attempt to contact the other party's lawyer about the date and location of an ex parte hearing.


Using your IaaS, software, or application architect privileges, create a blueprint container and configure the name, description, and unique identifier for your MySQL on CentOS vSphere blueprint.
Procedure
 1. Select Design > Blueprints.
 2. Click the New icon (Add).
 3. Enter MySQL on CentOS in the Name text box.
 4. Review the generated unique identifier.
 The identifier field automatically populates based on the name you entered. You can edit this field now, but after you save the blueprint you can never change it. Because identifiers are permanent and unique within your tenant, you can use them to programmatically interact with blueprints and to create property bindings.
 5. Enter MySQL Software on vSphere CentOS Machine in the Description text box.
 6. Configure a lease range for users to choose from by entering 1 in the Minimum text box and 7 in the Maximum text box.
 Users can choose to lease their requested machines for up to 7 days before having to renew their leases or letting their machines be destroyed.
 7. Click OK.
What to do next
Drag your MySQL component and your published CentOS for Software machine blueprint onto the canvas.


text:
by Jonathan Brisendine – Field & Lab Archaeologist
During the excavation process, one of the common artifacts found on historic sites is glass. So what does this tell us archaeologically other than there was glass here? We classify glass in two major categories Flat and Curved. Flat glass usually pertains to window glass, while curved or hollow usually pertains to you guessed it, bottles. Once we collect all the artifacts in field they are brought back to the lab where they are cleaned then cataloged. From this we can get an accurate amount of each type of glass that was found. Because, of the detailed records we keep of the location of our testing units both the vertical and horizontal location is known. With this information we can draw meaning interpretations from even the most ubiquitous artifacts. Seen below is an imagined example of a historic foundation and the results of the statistical mapping that we could produce once we have gathered the information of the type and frequency of glass once catalogued.
Blue indicates the location where flat glass was found while green indicated where the curved hollow glass was found. What conclusions would you draw from this information? First note the brick structure. Think about structures and where flat glass would most likely be found and why. Also, think about areas of activity inside such a structure. Where would a person store & use hollow glass such as bottles. To see how we might interpret the location of the artifacts, see the image below.


text:
The previous two editions of the Security Sector Reform (SSR) Monitor: Timor-Leste have largely focused on policing issues and SSR policy respectively. The justice system should not be overlooked as a fundamental component of the security sector, however, in assessing SSR in Timor-Leste. In particular, the ongoing backlog of prosecution cases has an impact on policing authority on the ground and overall public trust in the rule of law system. With its focus on the justice system in Timor-Leste, this edition of the SSR Monitor will provide a brief background on the institutional development of the justice system to introduce the current context and discuss salient issues and future plans for the national justice system.
Timor-Leste's national justice system was effectively set up in 1999 and, understandably, remains in a developing state with immense obstacles to still be overcome. Improving access to the formal justice system, in particular, will be an important challenge, especially in remote communities that, due to the lack of police and judicial reach, often rely on various informal justice mechanisms.
Although many long-term challenges remain in establishing a credible, independent and effective justice system, signs of progress are recognizable. After several years of acute centralization and dysfunction, the recent approval of a comprehensive strategic planning framework for justice sector development represents a significant step forward for the justice sector. Indeed, a number of important issues are being addressed, with the potential to lead to positive changes for the long-term development of the justice sector.
Other positive signs include an increase in the number of national judicial actors conducting court proceedings, which should help address language issues, and efforts to improve the functioning of the district courts, which will provide better access to justice to those previously excluded from the formal justice system.


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Common name: Black Mulberry
Latin name: Morus nigra
Other names: Mulberry, Common Mulberry
Habitat: Black Mulberry is native to eastern and central China.
Description: Black Mulberry is a deciduous tree, growing 10 to 13 meters. It has a dense head of branches, springing from a rough trunk. Leaves are thick, blunt toothed and lobed, with short, stiff hairs on the upper surface. Berry-like black fruits have a unique and refreshing, sweet taste.
Parts used: Fruit.
Useful components: Glucose, protein, pectin, tartaric and malic acids, ash.
Medicinal use: Traditionally, Black Mulberry has been used in cases of kidney disorders, fatigue, anemia and premature hair graying. Now it is commonly used for its antioxidant and laxative properties. It is considered to be beneficial in cases of urinary incontinence, vertigo and constipation. It is also used as a blood tonic.
Safety: Some herbs could react with certain medication. Therefore, it is advisable to consult your doctor before consumption of any herb.