text:
The working process of aviation oxygen supply system(OSS)at high altitude was described, and the mathematic model for the performance parameters characteristics of OSS was built, combining with the principle of dynamics of gas flow. By the numerical simulation with Matlab/Simulink and the theoretical analysis, the performance parameters characteristics of OSS at high altitude were achieved. A detailed analysis was conducted for the characteristics of oxygen inflating time and ratio of pressure, and then the major parameters affecting the press in oxygen mask were found. The results are in good agreement with those measured in the experiments, which shows that the analytical model is correct and the simulation method is in accordance with the precision requirements. The study and its conclusions are useful for the design to the characteristics of OSS at high altitude and the system analyses.
Yu Zhongjun, Zhao Jingquan.Numerical simulation of oxygen supply system's performance parameters characteristic at high altitude[J] JOURNAL OF BEIJING UNIVERSITY OF AERONAUTICS AND A, 2010,V36(8): 918-921
Ф���������չ�������װ������ѧ[M]������:����ҽѧ��ѧ������,2005:174-178,248-251 Xiao Huajun.Physiology of aviation oxygen protective equipment[M].Beijing:Military Medicine Science Press,2005:174-178,248-251 (in Chinese)
����.���ո������������װ��[M].����:��ѧ������.2008:289-300 Liu Feng.Personal protecting of equipment of pilots[M].Beijing:Science Press,2008:172-174 (in Chinese)
�촺�ᣮ���������������밲ȫ����[M]������:�������պ����ѧ������,2006:422-424 Zhu Chunling.Aircraft environment control and security of life-saving[M].Beijing:Press of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,2006:422-424 (in Chinese)
Ф����,�̴��㣮Yx-4����װ����������������[J]�������뺽��,1990,3:49-52 Xiao Huajun,Cai Chuanguang.The physiological test evaluation of Yx-4 oxygen system[J].Aeronautics and Space Journal,1990,3:49-52 (in Chinese)


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What Causes Itching in Dialysis Patients
2013-05-01 14:38
What Causes Itching in Dialysis PatientsA majority of dialysis patients notice that they experience skin itching. Some of them feel itchy all the time, while others may complain their skin itches more severely during or just after dialysis treatment. However, what causes itching in dialysis patients?
We know people with end-stage kidney disease have a higher incidence of skin itching than the general population, while dialysis also raises this high incidence. Therefore, patients' ESRD, dialysis treatment and phosphorus metabolic disorder all can contribute to their skin problems.
In ESRD also known as renal failure, large part or nearly all of kidney function has been damaged. Then, more and more wastes and purified protein derivative build up in the blood. So high level of various wastes are likely to cause skin problem including itchy skin and dry skin.
High phosphorus level is another cause, because dialysis is commonly used to remove small molecular substances including uric acid, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, water, etc, but can't eliminate all phosphorus from the body. Over time, too much phosphorus will build up in the blood and cause itching skin easily.
In rare cases, this skin problem is due to allergies. If patients notice itching occurs at the beginning of dialysis treatments, they may have an allergy to the blood tubing, dialyzer or other elements associated with dialysis.
Because different patients have various conditions, doing a diagnosis to make sure the root cause is very necessary for the following treatment. If you are suffering from severe skin itching that happens all the time, the high build up of wastes may be the root cause. In this situation, kidney function improvement is the most effective treatments to solve both your skin problem and many other symptoms. The key to achieve this purpose is to increase damaged kidney cells' self-curative ability and nourish them. As for the later two causes, correct medicines, diet and some changes in dialysis treatment can help ease itching effectively.
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text:
School districts are routinely being overcharged by at least $3 billion on ed-tech products, including hardware and software, each year–the equivalent of 54,000 first-year teacher salaries, according to a new study from the Technology for Education Consortium (TEC).
The study on ed-tech purchasing reveals schools spend an estimated $13.2 billion on ed-tech products each year. This includes $4.9 billion on hardware such as tablets, laptops and desktops, along with $8.38 billion on instructional and non-instructional software and content.
The authors note that a lack of price transparency makes it difficult for districts to find cost-efficient options to fund their technology initiatives, resulting in over-spending.
It analyzes pricing data from 130 school districts around the country. TEC found that prices varied between 20 and 40 percent for hardware and software products, with no correlation to district size.
Next page: Huge price discrepancies when different districts purchase the same iPad, Chromebook bundles
The study illustrates price variations for iPads, Chromebooks, and Accelerated Reader 360 licenses. A key component of this price variation came from seemingly random discounts applied by vendors to the total cost of purchases, which keeps actual price paid per user or device unclear.
For instance, districts can pay up to $115 more for the same iPad bought by another school district. Between April and June 2015, schools purchased 1.1 million iPads. Based on the study's findings, the per unit price difference varied between $112-$115 for popular iPad models in 2015, such as the iPad Air 2 16GB and 64GB. If districts saved $112 per unit price difference, that would equal to around $500 million saved in iPad purchases, according to the study's authors.
The same can be said for Chromebooks, where price differentiation concerns warranty terms and management software bundles. Some districts paid up to $90 more than other for the same device and service packages. If all districts paid a uniform price, they could have collectively saved roughly $500 million, the authors estimate.
"Quantifying the amount of money that districts can save is another step toward a level playing field," said Hal Friedlander, co-founder and CEO of TEC. "Vendors are able to overcharge school districts because it's incredibly difficult for district administrators to know if they are getting a good price with the existing convoluted pricing structure. We need more transparency in the ed-tech market."
TEC currently partners with more than 190 member districts, representing 4 million K-12 students and approximately $400 million in ed-tech spending. To collect district pricing data, member districts share contract and pricing information that TEC analyzes–and fully anonymizes–to produce the national price reports. TEC's membership initiative is designed to transform district technology procurement into a more efficient, cost-effective use of taxpayer funds. Currently, districts can join TEC at no cost.
The full report can be found here.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


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Last version: 1.0.64
WhiteSmoke is a writing assistant for Android devices. This app helps users to correct mistakes, punctuation and style.
Whitesmoke Homepage
Writing correctly
Firstly, you can upload any text and check it for spelling, grammar and structure errors. The categories include contextual mistakes, tense agreement, missing prepositions, incorrect determiner and wrong punctuation marks.
Conveniently, each type of mistake has different colors. Therefore distinguishing problems is easy. After that, it is possible to review and apply the suggested corrections. Additionally, you may find given explanations and definitions in the enrichment section.
Similarly, users can polish their writing style with tips from the system. You are able to use the redacted version anywhere you need. There is a copy to clipboard button as well.
If you are not a fan of typing the text yourself, there are powerful modern tools like Otter. It is a speech recognition utility that allows users to record meetings, transcribe them and automatically create notes.
 - a detailed explanation of errors and writing style correction;
 - ability to view and apply corrections without retyping;
 - the app is free to download;
 - compatible with current Android versions.
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The Settlers (Die Siedler, Serf City: Life is Feudal)
Дата выхода 1 декабря 1993
Платформа Amiga
Издатель Blue Byte
Разработчик Blue Byte
Жанр Стратегия, Симулятор жизни, Менеджер
Игроков 1
Кооператив Нет
Описание The Settlers
The Settlers (also known as Serf City: Life is Feudal, original German title Die Siedler) is a slow-paced strategy video game by Blue Byte Software, released in 1993 for Commodore Amiga and in 1994 for the PC. The player is tasked with building a medieval settlement populated by an army of workers, each of whom perform their own individual task. The player competes against computer controlled opponents or another human player for supremacy of the land and resources.
The Settlers на других платформах


text:
The liberties and duties of a supervisor that is scientific of thesis work
The instructor whom works in the graduating division or other faculty may lead their education research, if the relative mind regarding the division will not object to this. a manager handles guidance that is overall the execution and writing of the thesis.
The role associated with scientific supervisor within the research work regarding the pupil would be to contribute to student's creative search activity. Assistance from a manager is essential for the learning student to know the theoretical presumptions of the proposed study, to formulate the goal, tasks and hypotheses. A supervisor and a student analyze and correct the research at various stages of the work.
Duties of a manager
The duties associated with the supervisor include:
- 1) The scientific supervisor is obliged to familiarize himself with these provisions as well as in the program of thesis design he is directed because of the demands for a thesis operate in these methodological tips;
- 2) to issue tasks for a thesis work;
- 3) to recommend the dwelling of a thesis;
- 4) to develop a step-by-step plan of a thesis by having a student;
- 5) to inform the student concerning the purchase of specific consultations;
- 6) to suggest a listing of necessary literature;
- 7) to undertake clinical and guidance that is methodological of student's work and conduct qualified consultations;
- 8) to monitor the progress of the thesis work additionally the observance of this diploma design routine;
- 9) to tell the relative mind for the department about significant deviations through the graduation task;
- 10) to sign the working task diploma design and other papers needed for admission to your defense of the thesis;
- 11) to produce the department with a written post on a finished thesis, having previously familiarized the writer with all the work;
- 12) to test the finished work
- 13) to aid the student get ready for public defense.
The liberties of the supervisor
The legal rights of this supervisor that is scientific:
- 1) to choose the themes of thesis and students for composing them in accordance with one's clinical passions;
- 2) to refuse supervising, having presented the reasoned conclusion about this course of this thesis design, not later than 30 days ahead of the end associated with the term associated with the thesis work;
- 3) to look for the means of conducting specific consultations;
- 4) to require the pupil to investigate or calculate a few choices for re solving particular dilemmas;
- 5) to wait the commission meeting and read aloud the feedback to a thesis.
Difficulties on _URL_ paper the thesis work
The most challenging and responsible moment in the student's diploma scientific studies are the interpretation for the experimental data obtained together with formula for the main conclusions. Consequently, without depriving the student of self-reliance, the supervisor should help pupil to understand outcomes of the job, and put the accents that are necessary sum up the main outcomes of the thesis task.
The student should be aware that the writer of the thesis himself is responsible for the choices produced in the task and also for the correctness of all of the calculations, since thesis is primarily a separate work of the student. In this respect, guidelines of a supervisor ought not to rise above the restrictions. Therefore, the guidelines of the manager aren't considered mandatory for the graduate pupil, if they are perhaps not included to your assignment for the amount project, and students can defend the utilize his perspective.
The report on a manager can be an crucial component of a thesis
The supervisor's reaction to the thesis work is built in an arbitrary type. It provides a description associated with the ongoing work, which indicates:
- 1. Communication associated with content regarding the strive to the chosen topic and function;
- 2. Characteristic of this structural components of the task;
- 3. Scientific level, completeness and quality regarding the theme development;
- 4. Amount of independency, personal imagination, effort;
- 5. Capability to work with literature, make calculations, analyze, summarize, and work out clinical and conclusions that are practical
- 6. Systematic, literate presentation, capacity to design materials;
- 7. Practical significance, the chance of utilizing materials in management generally training.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Create System Images with Symantec Encryption Desktop 10.3.2
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Article ID: 158883
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Updated On:
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Desktop Email Encryption Drive Encryption
Issue/Introduction
When a local administrator creates a system images (also known as golden image, master image, or base image) of an operating environment with Symantec Encryption Desktop 10.3.1 or earlier and deploys the image to a large number of computers in a managed environment, Symantec Encryption Management Server (SEMS) identifies all computers to which the image has been deployed with the same MACHINEGUID.
As a result, SEMS creates only one entry for all the computers as well as overwrites their Whole Disk Recovery Token (WDRT), hostnames, and IP addresses. This document is intended for local administrators who create system images and deploy them on client computers. As the creation of system image that includes Symantec Encryption Desktop is distinct, this document helps the administrator understand how to create and deploy the images correctly.
Enterprise environments commonly use system images to configure computers to a pristine, working state. In some cases, Symantec Encryption Desktop is also included as part of the image as an installed application so that installation of Symantec Encryption Desktop will not be necessary later.
SEMS uniquely identifies each computer running Symantec Encryption Desktop in the managed environment for monitoring the events taking place on the computer.
For this purpose, SEMS uses MACHINEGUID, a unique identity that Symantec Encryption Desktop randomly generates for each computer to which it is installed. This unique identity is also sent to SEMS to create an entry for each computer. When Symantec Encryption Desktop sends an event to SEMS, it sends its MACHINEGUID as an identity for SEMS to determine the source of the event.
Cause
When a system image of the operating system is created after the MACHINEGUID is generated and deployed on multiple computers in a managed environment, each computer sends the same MACHINEGUID to SEMS for creating an entry for the computer, and therefore, SEMS identifies all the computers with the same MACHINEGUID.
Resolution
Starting from version 10.3.2, Symantec Encryption Desktop creates a new registry key in HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE (HKLM) of the registry during installation. This editable key is used to store the MACHINEGUID when it is generated. During the enrollment of the first user, Symantec Encryption Desktop generates the MACHINEGUID for the computer and stores it in the editable registry key located in HKLM.
Therefore, the local administrator should create the system image before the first user enrolls to Symantec Encryption Desktop - a state of the computer where Symantec Encryption Desktop is installed but the MACHINEGUID is not yet generated. When such image is deployed to multiple computers, Symantec Encryption Desktop generates unique MACHINEGUID for each computer when the first user of Symantec Encryption Desktop enrolls on that system.
In some cases, the SEMS Administrator pre configures policies for a client computer to trigger super silent enrollment, in which case enrollment automatically begins when the first user logs on to the computer. This results in generation of MACHINEGUID without any user intervention or overt notification. Therefore, to avoid duplication of MACHINEGUID to multiple computers, the system image must be generated before the user logs on to the computer. See TECH214370 for more information on how to change the MACHINEGUID of a client computer.


text:
Japan plans to launch Space Domain Mission Unit in April 2020
On 19 January, Tokyo hosted a commemorative ceremony dedicated to the 60th anniversary of the Treaty of Mutual Cooperation and Security Between the United States and Japan. During the event, Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe announced the commitment of the Japanese Self-Defense Forces (SDF) to ensure the security of both outer and cyber spaces. In particular, a promise was made to start up the Space Domain Mission Unit (SDMU) in April 2020 and have it completely functional already in 2022. The operations will take place at the Fuchu Air Base and will initially involve personnel of twenty people. SDMU will be tasked with space situational awareness (SSA) and passive counterspace duties aimed at protecting Japan's satellites against potential aggressors. Overall, the government has allocated 50.6 billion Yen (U.S.$460 million) as the funding for the programme. As soon as it goes live, SDMU will cooperate with the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) and U.S. Space Command.
At the ceremony, Mr Abe remarked, "We have elevated the relationship to one in which each of us, the U.S. and Japan, protects the other, thereby giving further force to the alliance. Going forward, it is incumbent upon us to make it even more robust, to make it a pillar for safeguarding peace and security in both outer space and cyberspace."


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Home > Supports > Generators > Maintenance of Electric Vehicle Batteries in Diesel Generators 2
Maintenance of Electric Vehicle Batteries in Diesel Generators 2
Mar. 30, 2022
Continue the last article. The selection of the charging frequency of the diesel generator: the charging depth of the battery has a great influence on the cycle life, which basically changes exponentially. This is due to the fact that the positive active material is PbO2, and its bonding fastness is not high. It is converted into PbS04 during discharge and into PbO2 during charging, and the volume of PbSO4 is much larger than that of PbO2 (the ratio of its volume is about 2:1). Therefore, for the positive plate, the active material will expand and shrink repeatedly, and the connection between the particles will gradually fall off, so that the battery active material loses its discharge characteristics and becomes "anode slime", which reduces the performance of the battery until the end of its life. The deeper the discharge depth, the greater the expansion and contraction, the greater the damage to the binding force of the active substance, and the shorter the life; otherwise, the longer the cycle life.
diesel standby generator
When using the battery, try to avoid deep discharge, and do shallow discharge and frequent charging, provided that there is a specially matched charger to match it. However, in actual use, since the charging of the battery is affected by the performance of the charger and the dispersion of the battery itself, as well as the charging habits and charging speed, the voltage of the charger is relatively high, and there is more or less overcharging. In particular, most of the charging is carried out at night, and the time is generally 6-10 hours, with an average of about 8 hours. If it is shallowly discharged, the charging will soon reach the end stage. At this time, the charging efficiency will become low, and overcharging will occur. Overcharging time is relatively long, coupled with frequent charging, the battery life will be greatly affected by charging.
The most ideal charging requirements are determined according to the actual situation. The charging frequency should be determined by referring to the usual operating frequency, mileage, instructions provided by the battery factory, and the performance of the supporting charger. According to the situation of most users, it is best to charge the battery once when the depth of discharge is 50%-70%, which can achieve the best battery life. In actual use, it can be converted into riding mileage, and it can be charged once when needed.
Influence of temperature on charging: Diesel generator batteries run in high temperature seasons, and there is a problem of overcharging. When the temperature of the battery increases, the activity of each active material increases, and the oxygen evolution potential of the positive electrode decreases, and the oxygen evolution potential of the negative electrode also decreases (the negative value decreases). Therefore, the charging reaction speed is fast during charging, and the charging current is large. lower voltage. In order to prevent excessive charging voltage, the temperature of the battery should be reduced as much as possible to ensure good heat dissipation, prevent charging after exposure to the sun, and keep away from heat sources.
When the battery is at a low temperature, the activity of each active material decreases, and it becomes difficult to dissolve the Pb on the electrode. It is difficult to replenish after the Pb is consumed during charging, and the charging current is greatly reduced. It is only 70% of the normal temperature, and the negative electrode charging is affected by the expansion agent, and the low temperature charging acceptance capacity is lower -20 ℃ The charging acceptance current is only 40% of the normal temperature. Therefore, charging under low temperature conditions mainly has the problems of poor charging acceptance and insufficient charging, and it is required to increase the charging voltage and prolong the charging time. The improvement of low temperature performance should mainly start from the negative electrode. When using at low temperature, heat preservation and antifreeze measures should be taken, especially when charging, it should be placed in a warm environment, which is conducive to ensuring sufficient charge, preventing the generation of irreversible sulfuric acid, and prolonging the service life of the battery. During the storage and use of the battery, activation charging can be carried out regularly, that is, the so-called equalization charging, which is very beneficial to prevent irreversible sulfation of the battery, and is very beneficial to the service life of the battery, which is worth promoting.
As a professional diesel generator manufacturer, we always insist on using first-class talents to build a first-class enterprise, create first-class products, create first-class services, and strive to build a first-class domestic enterprise. If you would like to get more information welcome to contact us via _EMAIL_.
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text:
Australian Water Information Dictionary
urban water distribution system
Constituted by three different components:
- Urban water delivery system: which conveys water abstracted from the different water sources in the region or that has been transferred into the system from outside the region (including desalination water).
- Urban wastewater system: which collects water after use, conveys it to the wastewater treatment plant and then discharges it into the environment.
- Urban recycled system: which recycles treated wastewater and discharges it to storages, before it is re-used for urban or irrigation purpose.
This definition applies to:


text:
CONSTRUCTION RESEARCH AND APPLICATION OF FUNDAMENTAL GEOGRAPHIC NATIONAL CONDITION MONITORING QUALITY CONTROL SYSTEM
Keywords: Quality control system, Quality control method, Quality control content, Results quality evaluation, Software development
Abstract. The fundamental geographic national condition monitoring uses high-resolution aerial and aerospace remote sensing images to produce digital orthophoto images, land cover classification, geographical and national conditions, databases, statistical analysis and other results to monitor land changes within China's territory, the cycle is once a year. At present, the achievements have been applied in the fields of natural resource management, environmental protection and governance, people's livelihood guarantee, emergency disaster relief, and so on, it is of great significance to provide integrated, standardized and reliable geographic information products to meet the needs of ecological civilization construction. In view of the actual situation of the geographical conditions of the country, such as the organizational mode of production, the technical methods and the requirements of the results, this paper discusses the innovative development of the quality control method, the quality control content, the results quality evaluation and software development, etc. , having established a basic quality control system for monitoring the geographical conditions of the country, and applied it in the quality control work of monitoring the geographical conditions of the country carried out in the past four years from 2016 to 2019, effectively guaranteeing the quality of the results, it also provides reference and reference for other important engineering quality control work.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
In the answer to bibtex vs. biber and biblatex vs. natbib the advantages and disadvantages of Biber vs. BibTeX (and of natbib vs. biblatex) were explained. However, one point was omitted: The question of compatibility of bibliographies between BibTeX and biblatex.
After using BibTeX for a while, you get a collection of bibliographies in BibTeX style. Furthermore, many journals give BibTeX entries for citations on their home page. A lot of bibliography management programs either support BibTeX export, or even manage BibTeX files directly. Also, advanced editors like Emacs have special support for BibTeX bibliographies.
In short, there's a massive infrastructure for creating and managing BibTeX bibliographies and a big stock of existing ones. Moreover, as was noted in the other question, you cannot use Biber together with natbib, which is used by quite a few journals.
Therefore the following question arises: Is the bibliography format of Biber compatible with the bibliography format by BibTeX? Or if not, it there at least an automatic conversion tool?
Note that both directions are interesting: If Biber cannot use existing BibTeX bibliographies, this means that you have to convert every existing BibTeX bibliography, and do so also for BibTeX entries from journals (unless they also offer Biber, but often it's just BibTeX and EndNote) and bibliographies exported from bibliography management programs. On the other hand, if Biber files cannot be used for BibTeX and no conversion exists, it means that any Biber bibliography is useless for journals using natbib, and any programs interpreting directly BibTeX bibliography files cannot be used any more (including editor support).
Also, in case that Biber can read BibTeX files, but not vice versa: Does Biber still have advantages over BibTeX if the files are restricted to BibTeX-compatible ones?
share|improve this question
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3 Answers
up vote 24 down vote accepted
To parse BibTeX format files, Biber uses a C library called "btparse" which is, for all intents and purposes, 99.9% compatible with BibTeX. So, You should rarely have problem using Biber as a drop-in replacement for BibTeX. As mentioned by others, the issue is rather the slightly different data model which biblatex has compared with the data model in BibTeX.
So, your question really relates to the difference in data models between plain BibTeX and BibLaTeX, regardless of whether you are using Biber as the biblatex backend. Be aware that in the future, around BibLaTeX 2.x, BibTeX will no longer be supported as a biblatex backend as it has too many limitations. Of course BibTeX format data files will always be supported.
The more important question is, as you mention, what the advantages of Biber might be even if you are not using any of the biblatex data model specifics. Here are some advantages of Biber in this respect (you can get an idea by searching for the string "Biber only" in the biblatex manual), omitting the features which require data source changes:
 - Support of data sources other than.bib (currently, RIS, Endnote XML, Zoter RDFXML)
 - Support for remote data sources (.bib files available via ftp or http)
 - Support of other output formats (in 0.9.8 it will support GraphViz.dot output for data visualisation and conversion to the planned biblateXML format)
 - Full Unicode 6.0 support (including file names and citation keys)
 - A sorting mechanism which I think is probably as good or better than any commercial product - full Unicode, multi-field, per-field case and direction, CLDR aware and completely user configurable. BibTeX doesn't come close in this regard.
 - Automatic name and name list disambiguation. I think this is quite an impressive feature. See section 4.11.4 of the biblatex manual for a very good explanation of this with examples.
 - Completely customisable crossref inheritance rules. BibTeX has a very basic static rule only.
 - Automatic encoding and decoding, including UTF-8 <-> LaTeX macros
 - Very flexible configuration file "sourcemap" option which can be used to change the
 .bib data as it is read by Biber, without changing the actual data source itself. You
 can use this to do all sorts of things like drop certain fields, add fields, conditionally drop/add fields, change fields using full Perl 5.14 regular expressions (see Biber manual section 3.1.2).
This last feature is particularly interesting for you as you can potentially map your pure BibTeX.bib files into the biblatex model on the fly as Biber reads them but without altering the files. It's also very useful for dropping fields like abstract which often cause trouble due to LaTeX reserved characters.
There are also some other features implemented in Biber which are available in BibLaTeX 2.x:
 - Customisable labels
 - Multiple bibliographies in the same refsection with their own sorting/filtering
 - "Related" entries - a general solution to the issue of all these "reprinted as", "translated as" etc. requirements.
I forgot to mention that Biber automatically applies the BibLaTeX field and entrytype mappings (address -> location etc.) mentioned in the documentation. It does this by implementing some driver-level source mappings (see \DeclareSourcemap and its variants in the biblatex documentation).
share|improve this answer
Thank you for this answer. So if I understand you correctly, I can use standard bibtex.bib file and augment them with a file of transformation rules for biber/biblatex. So I can still use bibtex in cases where is is required, but yet use all biblatex features through transformation rules. Is that right? In that case, I think I'll revise my previous conclusion. – celtschk Dec 5 '11 at 11:43
Yes, that should be largely possible. – PLK Dec 5 '11 at 12:07
Maybe I'm missing something here, but I don't think that mapping really helps. Take the example I already mentioned, the bookauthor field. It doesn't exist in bibtex; now if I want to make use of this field in biblatex I have to actually write it in the.bib file. There is no way, to automatically map an author or editor field (which are the only ones traditionally supported by bibtex) into a bookauthor field, biber itself can't decide which editor is actually a bookauthor and which one has to remain an editor in biblatex. Mapping is only possible if a clear equivalent exist. – Simifilm Dec 5 '11 at 12:56
You're quite right - the mapping can only help when adding information if it is static and predictable from the information already in the data. It can't help you with completely new information. But in that case, you can add the new fields anyway and bibtex will ignore them if it doesn't know about them. – PLK Dec 5 '11 at 13:23
Thank you. I've now switched the accepted answer to yours because it contains the most relevant information. – celtschk Dec 5 '11 at 20:24
add comment
As a principle: the more you make use of biblatex/Biber's strengths, the harder it gets to go back to a traditional BibTeX workflow.
If you come with your BibTeX database and want to use it with biblatex/Biber there are only few areas you have to tweak: chapter 2.3 of the biblatex manual lists the following points:
 - The entry type _USER_. See §§ 2.1.1 and 2.3.1 for details.
 - The fields institution, organization, and publisher as well as the aliases address and school. See §§ 2.2.2, 2.2.5, 2.3.4 for details.
 - The handling of certain types of titles. See § 2.3.5 for details.
 - The field series. See §§ 2.2.2 and 2.3.7 for details.
 - The fields year and month. See §§ 2.2.2, 2.3.8, 2.3.9 for details.
 - The field edition. See § 2.2.2 for details.
 - The field key. See § 2.3.2 for details.
Not all of the changes will probably concern you and not all really result in incompatibilities.
The more you delve into biblatex and the more you make use of its unique types, fields and features, the more difficult it gets to go back, of course. The whole question of conversion between between the two actually becomes moot, since it's not really a question of different formats but of biblatex simply offering many things BibTeX has no equivalent for.
Just one example which was important for me: Traditional BibTeX doesn't have a bookauthor field which is a kind of deal breaker in certain areas of humanities. The fact that biblatex has this field was one of the main reasons I originally switched to biblatex. Now since BibTeX doesn't know about this field there's no sensible way to have a useful conversion between the two. The same is true for many other fields. So going to biblatex is a kind of a one way street after you crossed a certain point.


Volcano's'scream' gives clues to pressurization
By Kristen Butler, UPI.com | July 15, 2013 at 9:19 AM | Comments
July 15 (UPI) -- Many small earthquakes often precede a volcanic eruption, and they can sometimes happen in such rapid succession that they create a harmonic tremor similar to the kind created by musical instruments, though at frequencies lower than humans can hear.
New research on an eruption sequence at Alaska's Redoubt Volcano in March 2009 showed that a harmonic tremor rose to higher and higher frequency until it paused just before six of the eruptions, with five of those coming in rapid succession.
Scientists at the USGS Alaska Volcano Observatory have dubbed the highest-frequency harmonic tremor at Redoubt Volcano "the screams" because they reach such high pitch, at 30 hertz, compared with a 1-to-5 hertz starting point. In humans, the audible frequency range starts at about 20 hertz.
Some volcanoes make sound when magma forces its way up through rock, but Hotovec-Ellis believes the harmonic tremors are the result of magma being forced through narrow passages in the rock.
Magma sticks to the rock surface in a narrow passage until the pressure is high enough to force it along a bit, before it sticks again, pressure mounts, and it moves again.
Each of these sudden movements results in a small earthquake, ranging in magnitude from about 0.5 to 1.5, Hotovec-Ellis said.
"Because there's less time between each earthquake, there's not enough time to build up enough pressure for a bigger one," she said. "After the frequency glides up to a ridiculously high frequency, it pauses and then it explodes."
Hotovec-Ellis, lead author of the study published in the Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, is also co-author of a second paper in Nature Geoscience that uses a "frictional faulting" model to explain the tremors.
The model addresses the brief pause in the harmonic tremor just before the volcanic explosion. "We think the pause is when even the earthquakes can't keep up anymore and the two sides of the fault slide smoothly against each other," Hotovec-Ellis said.
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Grey Grey - 8 months ago 35
C++ Question
Writting in a std::vector of std::vectors in the first dimension
I have a
std::vector
of
std::vectors
and I want to use a for loop to push back one element to each inner vector. The code looks like this, but clearly does not work because you cannot access each of the vectors in that way (
matrix[i] =
) and line 8 produces a
Segmentation Fault
.
std::vector<std::vector<float> > matrix;
for (size_t j = 0; j < number_of_columns; ++j) {
vector<float> elements_to_push = compute_elements();
for (size_t i = 0; i < number_of_rows; ++i) {
matrix[i].push_back(elements_to_push[i]);
}
}
So, I would like to write the elements column-wise. Writing row-wise is not an option for me because I need to use some external functions that expect the elements to be in that order.
I think that a solution involves using a vector of pointers (
std::vector<float*>
) but I would like to know if it is possible to do it using vectors only as this simplifies things.
Also, it would be the best if the solution does not involve C++11 or later functionality because I have to keep backwards compatibility. However, if you have an answer that uses C++11 or later you can still write it for anyone else who might find it useful.
Answer
It would be easier if you computed and pushed rows instead of columns. However here is a solution (since you already know the size of matrix):
std::vector<std::vector<float> > matrix(number_of_rows, std::vector<float>(number_of_columns, float()));
for (size_t j = 0; j < number_of_columns; ++j) {
 vector<float> elements_to_push = compute_elements();
 for (size_t i = 0; i < number_of_rows; ++i) {
 matrix[i][j] = elements_to_push[i];
 }
}


Why Is Pink Tax Bad?
What has pink tax?
The pink tax is the extra amount that women pay for everyday products like razors, shampoo, haircuts, clothes, dry cleaning, and more.
This "tax" applies to items that span a woman's entire life, from girls toys and school uniforms to canes, braces, and adult diapers..
Who invented Pink tax?
The pink tax isn't new; in fact, it's been around for decades, when the U.S. drafted the sales tax system between the 1930s and the 1960s. "It was a very different world at a time when [legislators] were figuring out which products to tax and which to exempt," said Laura Strausfeld, co-founder of PeriodEquity.org.
Why is there a Pink tax?
Research shows that toys, clothing and personal hygiene products such as shampoo, deodorant and razors cost more if they are marketed to females than men. The discrepancy in the costs is called the 'pink tax' as sometimes the only difference between products is the colour.
Why do pink products cost more?
Tariffs and the Pink Tax Tariffs are taxes that are imposed by the federal government on products imported to the United States. Consumers in the United States pay for the cost of these tariffs because retailers raise the cost of their merchandise to offset import taxes.
Why do women's razors cost more than men's?
Personal care items are pricier for women. Razors, for instance, are more expensive due to the "pink tax." … The disparity — often labeled the "pink tax," since women's products come in "feminine" colors — means that female consumers are charged more for products like razors simply on the basis of their gender.
Are men's hygiene products taxed?
The tax compares the prices of female products to that of gender-specific products or male products, mainly in the categories of apparel, toys, and personal care. Even something as necessary as tampons that is a must for hygiene is charged sales tax because it's considered a "luxury item".
Do men's razors have tax?
The study found, on average, women's products cost 7% more than men's products. There are only five states which don't tack on an additional tax for any women's products—Alaska, Delaware, Montana, New Hampshire and Oregon. … That's about 75 cents per women's razor and about 60 cents per men's razor.
What is the Pink law?
The new law mandates that any individual or entity, including retailers, suppliers, manufacturers or distributors, are prohibited from charging a price for two "substantially similar" goods or services, if the goods or services are priced differently based on the gender for whom the goods or services are marketed.
What states have no feminine tax?
Five states do not have a state sales tax (Alaska, Delaware, Montana, New Hampshire, and Oregon), and as of June 2019, thirteen US states specifically exempted essential hygiene products: Utah, Ohio, California, Connecticut, Florida, Illinois, Maryland, Massachusetts, Minnesota, New Jersey, New York, Nevada, …
Are pads a luxury item?
Their taxation codes consider menstrual products a medical supply, exempting pads and tampons from sales tax and making these necessities more accessible to low-income communities. … Menstrual care and hygiene products aren't luxury items. They're necessary to lessen the hassle and discomfort of periods.
Why are mens razors cheaper?
Because men's razors are made to navigate around the chin, neck, nose, and cheekbones, they tend to be more sensitive to the curvature of your body so every hair can be easily reached. … Not to mention, men's razors are generally cheaper than women's razors. So you'll save a few bucks and feel fabulous, too.
How do I stop the Pink tax?
How To Avoid Paying MoreSupport companies who are taking a stand against the pink tax with gender-neutral pricing.Buy more gender-neutral items when shopping for toys, razors, shampoos, deodorant, etc.Avoid the dry cleaners as much as possible.Price compare when shopping.More items…
What states have a pink tax?
Ten states across the US have all already nixed the tampon tax: Minnesota, Illinois, Florida, Maryland, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, New York, Connecticut, Massachusetts, and, most recently, Nevada.
Is the Pink tax a real thing?
Gender-based pricing, also known as "pink tax," is an upcharge on products traditionally intended for women which have only cosmetic differences from comparable products traditionally intended for men. In other words, it's not actually a tax. … Yet pink tax is not a new phenomenon.


text:
Moby-Dick Chapter 108: Ahab and the Carpenter Summary
- The novel returns to a playbook-style format with stage directions.
- In the evening, the carpenter is working on Ahab's new ivory leg by lantern-light.
- The blacksmith is working, too, in the background.
- The carpenter murmurs to himself about the leg as he works on it.
- Ahab visits the carpenter so the length of the leg can be measured.
- He asks the carpenter what the blacksmith is doing, and the carpenter explains that the blacksmith is making the buckle-screw.
- Ahab describes the blacksmith as a second Prometheus, and jokes that he's going to order him to forge a completely mechanical man.
- Ahab begins to talk to about creation, and the carpenter doesn't know whether he's talking to himself or not.
- Then Ahab asks the carpenter if, in addition to making the new bone leg, he can make Ahab stop feeling the old leg in its place, which, of course, he can't.
- Ahab laments the fact that he must depend on the carpenter's help, when he'd rather feel himself entirely free and independent.
- The carpenter resumes his work, reminding himself that Stubb always calls Ahab "queer" and feeling the truth of that label.
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Further Steps
Wi-Fi Commissioning Logs
The example outputs logs on the serial port, this logs allows to keep track of the program execution by tracing information about:
The image below illustrates logs displayed in the serial console during a Wi-Fi commissioning process.
Modify the Example
This section documents the procedures about how to modify the example to your needs. Each of the modifications will require a new compilation in order to be taken into account.
Modify the Wi-Fi SoftAP Configuration
The Wi-Fi SoftAP configuration (e.g. Name, Security mode) is located in the app_webpage.h file. The configuration can be modified by editing the file.
Enable the Power Manager
One of the main characteristics of the WF(M)200 chip is its current consumption in Power Save mode. This mode is enabled by installing the Power Manager component, which will also put the MCU in deepsleep. The Power Manager component can be found in the Services section of the component list.
You can refer to the AN1219: Power Consumption Measurement Setup and Results on WF(M)200 document to perform measurements on the WF(M)200. Simplicity Studio 5 also provides the Energy Profiler tool, this tool allows to measure the current consumption of a Silicon Labs Starter Kit. The measures being made by the Start Kir hardware, keep in mind that it is less accurate than a dedicated instrument, nevertheless it provides an idea of the current consumption quickly and easily. For more information about the Energy Profiler, please refer to this documentation .
Note:
Modify the Webpage
The Webpage sources are provided inside the SDK with the example in the lwip_host/webpage/fs folder but it doesn't appear in Simplicity Studio 5.
Follow the procedure below modify the webpage:
 1. Copy/paste the lwip_host/webpage/fs folder of your SDK in the same location inside your workspace.
 2. Edit and modify the index.shtml file to fit your needs. Tip: Another IDE (e.g. VS Code, Atom, ...) can be used to preview the page while changes are made.
 3. Execute the makefsdata.exe or use the makefsdata provided by LwIP inside the SDK (location: util/third_party/lwip/lwip/src/apps/http/makefsdata).
 4. Rename the generated file fsdata.c into httpfsdata.h .
 5. Edit the file and remove include pragmas except #include "lwip/def.h" .
Debugging Tools
GDB
The toolchain provided with Simplicity Studio 5 contains a compiler, a linker, all you need to build a project, and it also contains a debugger. This debugger, called gdb, allows you to walk into the program step by step, to set breakpoints, to access the MCU memory and registers, ... For more information about how to use the debugger inside Simplicity Studio 5, please refer to the Using the debugger section of the Simplicity Studio 5 documentation .
Tip: Before starting a debug session, disable the project optimizations by selecting None from the Optimization Level list in the section [Optimization] of [Tools Settings] tab from the Project properties (Project->Properties->C/C++ Build->Settings). By default the project is built using the highest optimization setting to have the highest Wi-Fi performances, making the debug experience painful since the instructions are reorganized, so the program will give the impression not to execute linearly.
Additional Logs
Always with the aim to have the highest possible Wi-Fi performances, only few logs are enabled and they are related to actions happening times to times. Nevertheless, having more logs is often good to track a bug or better understand a program behavior. In that purpose LwIP provides logs in each feature of the stack. These logs are disabled by default but can be enabled by editing the lwipopts.h file of the project. The file purpose is to configure the stack IP, like the features enabled or disabled.
To enable logs related to a specific feature:
 1. Find the associated define in the feature sources. The define name ends with _DEBUG , like HTTP_DEBUG, MQTT_DEBUG, TCP_DEBUG, ...
 2. Open the lwipopts.h file located in the lwip_host folder inside the project.
 3. Enable the global debug define LWIP_DEBUG in the top of the file.
 4. Enable the feature logs by adding the feature define inside the file and enabling it.
SEGGER SystemView
SEGGER SystemView is a powerful tool allowing to capture all the events (Task switching, Mutex/Semaphore acquisition and release, ...) in a Real-Time Operating System (RTOS) which is particularly helpful to define tasks priorities or to track a behavior leading to a Dead Lock. This tool supports Micrium OS and is provided free of charge with Simplicity Studio, it can be installed from the Simplicity Installation Manager by selecting [Install by connected device(s)] and [Advanced] options. For more information about how to use SEGGER SystemView with Micrium OS, please refer to this documentation .
Optimization Considerations
This section describes steps to increase the throughput while keeping a minimum footprint necessary for your application. The first portion of this document describes the recommended tools. The second portion describes the firmware changes necessary to tweak the performance.
Optimization Tools
iPerf
iPerf is a well-known tool used to measure the throughput on an IP link. This example starts a TCP Server for iPerf testing by default, allowing you to check the throughput after tweaking the program configuration and see the impact. When enabled, the TCP Server for iPerf will be listening for incoming connections at any time. The method to start an iPerf test is dependent on the platform you are using to run the iPerf client:
iperf -c 10.10.0.1
You simply need to issue this command as illustrated in the following image:
Optimization Settings
Micrium OS Configuration
Debugging Configuration
The [ Asserts Configuration ] section accessible from the configuration of the [ Micrium OS Common Module Core ] component regroups all the checks that are done inside the Kernel to ensure the action previously done was successful. There can be a lot of checks and if the program behaves without triggering any of these assertions (enabled by default) then it can be considered to disable all or some debug assertions to see if it improves the performances.
Following the same idea, the debug helper present in the [ Miscellaneous Configuration ] section in the same configuration menu, can also be disabled.
Task Management Configuration
The [ Task Management Configuration ] section accessible from the configuration of the [ Micrium OS Kernel ] component regroups features that intervene during context switches for instance. Context switches happening continuously, any action can have a great impact, good or bad. The first features that can be disabled safely are the statistics and the profiling . Further steps can be taken by disabling the stackoverflow checking mechanism and the redzone, these actions can be critical and considered seriously.
LwIP Configuration
LwIP is an IP stack providing a great granularity to tweak the configuration and reach the best performances. This configuration can be modified by editing the lwipopts.h file located in the lwip_host folder inside the project. The dedicated Maximizing throughput article will help you focus on the main variables to reach the highest performances.
Enabling the LwIP statistics is particularly helpful to dimension the different memory pools. The statistics are enabled as follows in the lwipopts.h file.
#define LWIP_STATS 1
#define LWIP_STATS_DISPLAY 1
This allows to output the statistics in the console by adding a call to the function stats_display() in your application.
Wi-Fi FMAC Driver Documentation
For your own application development or for more information about the Wi-Fi FMAC Driver, please refer to the documentation .
Troubleshooting
Compilation Errors
Force a Project Generation
If the requirement above is satisfied but compilation errors subsist, it can means that the project and the source code are misaligned after a component addition or removal. This kind of errors can be resolved by forcing a new project generation from the [Project Details] tile of the [Overview] tab accessible from the SLCP project file and launch a new build. A project generation won't cause any loss as long as you don't directly modify the files contained in the autogen and config folders.
Example Malfunctions
Connecting a Silicon Labs Starter Kit associated to a WF(M)200 Expansion Board to your Wireless Network is a complex process. If any of the steps in the process is not done correctly, failure can occur. This section describes a few basic steps you can take to troubleshoot this demo.
Check the Logs from the Console
The section Start the Example describes the procedure to launch a console inside Simplicity Studio 5.
Check the Hardware Connections
Check the boards connection to ensure that the WF(M)200 Expansion Board is inserted tightly into the 20-pin expansion header of the Silicon Labs Starter Kit, as described in section Setup your Kit . Make sure that all the switches are in the correct position, as described in section Setup your Kit .
Verify Wi-Fi Access Point Settings
Use your Wi-Fi router's (i.e., AP)


text:
It's been a long time since you have witnessed a real pink layer of ribs derived from the smoke ring. Now you are preparing for how to get a smoke ring in an electric smoker.
Remember, the smoke ring is not rocket science, rather it is a craft to keep your meat on the hot smoker and run the low and slow coverage.
If you want to see the bright red or pink mark under the skin of your meat, then make sure to read between the lines of this article. We will show you the knowledge of cooking science so the smoke ring will grow across the smoked meat.
Quick Tips: To get perfect smoke ring formation in an electric smoker, we recommend you add sodium nitrate or curing salt to make the ring.
Table of Contents
- What Is A Smoke Ring?
- How Is The Smoke Ring Formed Its Shape?
- What Helps To Create A Smoke Ring With An Electric Smoker?
- How To Get A Smoke Ring In An Electric Smoker [5 Definitive Ways]
- Best Fuels That Form Perfect Smoke Ring
- Can You Get A Smoke Ring With A Pellet Smoker?
- How To Get A Good Smoke Ring With A Pellet Smoker?
- Ideal Internal Temperature Range For Meat Or Other Foods?
- Wrapping UP
What Is A Smoke Ring?
If you have never come to know what exactly the smoke ring is, then we assume you are in a deep fascination with it. Because there is nothing related between the smoke and the ring.
Instead of that, a smoke ring means a red or pinkish badge of honor in the smoked meat that comes from both craft and science.
So, why are we so fascinated with the smoke ring?
Well, don't get it wrong if you will come to know that a smoke ring has nothing to do with the flavor of meat, rather it's all about color.
In a deeper sense, a smoky ring is evidence of slow cooking and the heck with the science is known by myoglobin in the meat. Get straight to the smoke ring, we get to see it is wonderfully placed under the outer skin of a piece of meat.
Over there, you will get to see the under-layer range would be between half of an inch and 1/8 of an inch.
How Is The Smoke Ring Formed Its Shape?
Myoglobin, the pinkish protein substance is the key to creating a smoke ring. But how does it form a more elaborate process? Aside from it, why do the colors differ when it comes to forming?
What the heck is with the spherical protein that lies in the muscle of the meat? So the different colors of it come from the different iron atoms it combines.
Before we talked about the Myowater level lies in the muscle. So here are the following iron atoms which determine the different colors:
- Animals that have been slaughtered recently (fresh meat) formed a purple color. The chemical reaction is called deoxymyoglobin.
- Meat that exposed to air forms cherry red due to the oxymyoglobin
- Extended air exposure helps to form a brown color called metmyoglobin.
What Helps To Create A Smoke Ring With An Electric Smoker?
What the heck is with the Myoglobin so you get to see the smoke ring? Well, in a deeper sense, the smoke ring interacts with the pinkish protein substance called Myoglobin.
This particle remains there in the form of gases which are named Nitric Oxide (NO) and Carbon Monoxide (CO).
Have you ever wondered to see the pink liquid while bringing fresh meat home?
Don't get it wrong to imagine it as blood rather than Myo-water. Well, Myowater is the formation of Myoglobin water. The birth of its origins from the cardiovascular system.
That being said, our bloodstream carries protein and finally reaches out to the muscle. The same goes for animals.
Finally, the stream produces Myoglobin so when an animal is slaughtered, the particles still remain there which we have said Myowater turns out Myoglobin.
Ironically, this chemical reaction allows the meat to become rusty in color as it contains the iron compound, which is responsible for such color. From one type of meat to another, the Myoglobin particles may rise and fall.
So you may see the lesser color with the ribs whereas beef comes with a smoky ring.
How To Get A Smoke Ring In An Electric Smoker [5 Definitive Ways]
The smoke ring comes through a natural process without additives. But how to get such a good smoke ring is the main thing to unravel.
Well, the authentic natural color tones come to us through some process while burning them. So let's figure it out below:
While toasting your ribs or any meat on your electric or gas grill, you must need moisture to a sufficient level. It determines and executes the great grilling at ease. Well, there is a logical breakthrough behind it no matter whether we ponder upon it or not.
In many parts of the country, we come to see people add vinegar in different flavors and different types of liquid. So why do they add it?
The simple answer is to get a good smoke ring. Let's say about the apple juice as we pour it over there because we want to see the brownish color out of ring smoke.
The fact is, the water evaporates gently from underneath the meat and boosts the condensation also ensuring the stickiness, and finally creates awesome smoke. The idea of smoke roasting also lies in a particular manner.
So most meat readily holds the meat and then continues with the dry surface (the more you will keep it on fire).
Here is why we put the pan over the meat and keep it for a while. Turns out the smoke will generate profusely and create the ring.
To understand how the smoke ring originates we need to unravel the cooking process. That being said, we need to figure out how moisture forms in the condensed order and eventually dissolves into it.
Moreover, through the diffusion process, the moisture reaches deep inside the cell, turns out it brings a different color like pinkish or reddish one.
2. Take Time While Cooking Low & Slow
Another heck with the smoke ring is not to cook too fast so the myoglobin process will begin to execute. So you need to let the smoke ring form underneath the flesh and blood of the meat surface.
In a deeper sense, the temperature should reach a gentle level and remain so.
A smart example would be the gas grill. Since the gas grill runs in fast fame, it can hardly manage to bring the smoke ring. Because it takes time to react to the Myoglobin chemical reaction.
Now let's come to the business when you want to see a smoke ring that you can do with the grill fame or the temperature.
No guesswork here rather you will need to keep the electric smoker lid shut off for at least 5 hours. Well, thanks for having an electric smoker since it brings only the finest smoke ring due to its low and slow running.
During the 5 hours of grilling, you need to expect the temperature would be around 200 degrees (F). For a pink smoke ring, more slow-burning will bring great results.
However, the red color underneath the skin will count as a smoke ring as well. Last but not the least, we surmise a good smoke ring takes place not before 4 hours of constant heating. So remember it.
3. Trimming FAT Precisely
The chemical compounds NO and CO (We explained them before) are the key components here. They actively help to bring the smoke ring.
These compounds go inside the underlying meat surface and take a position for a certain moment, turns out the smoke ring shows up.
The fat cap helps to keep them however, it has a threshold. Trim the excess amount of fat or getting rid of the fat cap to some extent seem good. Most grill masters trim the fat to some extent since it has many grilling benefits.
A distinctive good proof of it is to retain more moisture so the smoky ring comes to persist.
That being said, cutting off the fat to some extent allows the smoke ring to come in. Thinner trim is better since the fat is permeable so the smoke will vividly show up under the fat cap. To perform so, we will suggest you keep the trim not more than 1/4 inch.
4. Cooling The Meat Before Cooking
Before smoking your meat on the grill, allow it to be cool. Here you can keep the meat in your refrigerator.
Getting cool, the nitric oxide and carbon monoxide will concentrate in the meat, and thus it will form a pink color around the smoked meat even before the meat is heated and myoglobin is abolished.
5. Adding Sodium Nitrate Or Curing Salt (Cheat Method)
We know getting the perfect smoke ring formation is not possible every time. The low and slow temperature and other determiners fall under a big failure so what to do?
Well, you can trick here with the chemical. So, we recommend that adding sodium nitrate will be a game-changer. In other words, it is curing salt that you are adding.
Turns out, the smoking meat will appear with a pink color which is the output of a smoky ring. This method is also known as the cheat method.
Best Fuels That Form Perfect Smoke Ring
Top-quality charcoal is the best fuel to form a pink smoke ring in the meat. Here you should keep in mind that charcoal briquettes create more smoke rings than wood chunks. How?
Whereas charcoal briquets exhaust 100-200 ppm nitric oxide, lump charcoal produces 10-70 ppm nitric oxide in its exhaust. Here as you know nitric oxide plays the secret game to create


text:
Keep detailed records of locations of sprays, amount, date and time of application, and then calculate cost per acre.
The Spray records app/Pesticide Record Keeping app is designed to assist agricultural applicators, orchard applicators, crop advisers and growers with record keeping around tank mixing sequence of crops. It also captures product use rates and application information and conveniently maintains comprehensive, accurate spray logs for easy record keeping.
Keep time cards across your organization in one place and allow each employee to check in and out from their smartphones and tablets.
Document the results of hydrostatic or pneumatic pressure systems to investigate pipeline reliability, maximum capacity, leaks, pressure, and more.


defense in depth: (DOD, NATO) The siting of mutually supporting defense positions designed to absorb and progressively weaken attack, prevent initial observations of the whole position by the enemy, and to allow the commander to maneuver his reserve.
--- from the DOD Dictionary of Military Terms
Defense in depth design principles
Defense in depth is a fundamental design principle for security and defensive systems. It is a key strategy when planning the overall defensive design of a castle, computer network, city, force positioning, or computer system. In some ways, it is the application of design margin to security. By making security not have a single point of failure, weaknesses in design, implementations, algorithms, or protocols are not fatal by themselves.
There are a number of aspects to defense in depth:
 - Layering for redundancy: Defenses should be composed from multiple independent layers. If any one layer should fail, the other layers remain to protect the critical assets. It is important the redundancy of layers is real and that there aren't some attack tree paths that are substantially weaker than others. The overall security of the system is only as strong as its weakest link, so it's important that layers are composed on all paths.
 - Visibility into failures: It is important to have visibility into the integrity of every layer. It should ideally not be possible for any one layer to be compromised or otherwise fail without this being detected. This gives the defender early detection of attacks, along with the corresponding ability to respond, reposition defenses, or counter-attack. It also allows the defender to estimate the degree of compromise, providing the ability for measured response.
 - Limit externally-visible exposure: By layering defenses, attackers may only have information about the layers that are exposed to them, either initially or through the compromise of outer layers. This severely limits their ability to plan ahead, making their attack both slower and more likely to be noticed. It's worth taking this as an added benefit, however, for there's a serious risk in relying on security through obscurity and underestimating the amount of information available to an attacker. To avoid detection, an attacker must therefore be perfect while simultaneously being ignorant of what is ahead.
 - Containment of failures: By compartmentalizing defenses, compromises can be limited to portions of a system. Incident response can then be a measured response that targets the compromised areas rather than having to treat everything as potentially compromised (although it is worth erring on the side of assuming that things have been compromised unless you know for certain that they haven't been).
The principle of defense in depth makes sense to apply to both a full system and to individual subsystems. In this way, it can be composed fractally where layered defenses are apparent at all scales.
In constructing defensive layers, different types of layers may be used to serve different purposes. With many of these layers, degree of defense does not simply compose arithmetically or geometrically. Some different purposes for layers include:
 - Primary defense: These layers comprise the key to the defense of any subsystem and when taken together defend against all attacks against the subsystem. Every subsystem must have one or more of these layers. In many cases, this layer is simply vigilance in design and implementation.
 - Attack/intrusion detection: These layers are often transparent or invisible to attackers, but provide defenders with information about attackers, the nature of attacks, and their degree of success at compromise.
 - Focused defense: These layers, designed to be used in conjunction with more general-purpose defenses, defend against particular attacks. These can be used to strengthen the weaker parts of primary defenses and to add additional protection against common attacks.
 - Raising the bar: These layers do not necessarily stand alone or provide any real protection but instead make attacks harder and decrease the number of potential attackers who have the skills and resources to mount a successful attack. Security through obscurity may not be effective as a primary defense, but it can help raise the bar.
Examples in physical defensive strategies
Defense in depth has been employed for thousands of years in the design of fortifications. Castles are one of the better demonstrations of the effectiveness of this design principle. Medieval castles had multiple layers of defense, going from the hill or position in which they were built, to far outer walls, to a moat, to the primary outer walls (bailey), to inner walls, to an inner keep/tower, to defenses within the tower. The outermost defenses would slow down attackers and reduce the element of surprise while the defenders could fall back to inner positions as outer layers were compromised.
Examples in networks and computer systems
When applied to computer networks, systems, and individual hosts, defense in depth involves placing redundant protections at many levels. On the perimeter, a corporate network may have a firewall and an IDS (intrusion detection system). Internally, the network may be compartmentalized such that servers and user machines for different organizations are firewalled from each other. Critical assets (such as authentication servers) may even have additional protections in front of them.
In addition to layered perimeter defenses, individual machines and communication channels should have their own protections.
Machines should be protected themselves (for example, only running services that need to be running, have security patches applied promptly, etc.) Machines should avoid transitive trust and principle of least privilege should be obeyed. Machines should have host-based intrusion detection systems (such as virus checkers).
Even if network layer channels between machines are encrypted through something like IPsec, end-to-end security (encryption, authentication, and authorization) should still be performed at or close to the application layer.
Software components running on machines can also be designed for defense in depth. In addition to paranoid design and implementation (for example, in avoiding buffer overruns), components should validate their inputs and not implicitly trust even other components running on the same machine. When possible, components should only have the capabilities that they need and should be running in restricted environments.
A common mistake of Information Systems executives is assuming that a firewall will solve all of their company's network security problems. However, firewalls should only be a component to a coherent defensive strategy. By themselves, they are only an outer wall that provides protection to attackers from the outside. Not only do the reported majority of corporate computer security incidents come from the inside *, but firewalls are insufficient by themselves at protecting companies from attacks from the outside. A great example of the dangers in relying on firewalls was provided by the Code Red Worm which infected employee laptops at home and was then carried inside of corporate firewalls where it proceeded to infect internal systems.
As the infantry charged across the plain, a small flag began waving from atop the cliff to their left. "Shit" exclaimed the exec, pointing it out to the captain. "They know we're coming."
With that, the rumble of heavy artillery began from the far side of the hill across the plain. "Not to worry," began the captain. "Arced shot isn't going to be painful. When we get closer, if they skip shot, then we'll have to worry." Even as the first balls began falling around them, a sergeant in the third platoon called out, "Skirmishers on the right!"
A squad of light cavalry, armed with pistols came on an oblique approach, snapping shots at long distance. "Third platoon! Wheel and engage! First and second platoons! Charge!" Even as the third platoon snapped their rifles to firing position, the voices of the first two platoons rose in a ululating war cry.
Grape shot came whizzing out of the fixed emplacements at the top of the hill, dismembering soldiers as the laboriously charged uphill. Then the advancing units reached the earthworks, and began clambering up into the teeth of enemy gunfire. As they reached the brush and spikes at the crest, they began shoving through, their numbers much reduced. Here, it was bloody work - with no time to reload, both sides began stabbing with the bayonets fixed to their rifles.
The coronets of the defenders rose, and a fresh squad of defenders rushed forward into the breech, repulsing the attack.
An example of physical defense in depth
Forward Observers
Provides the ability to see the enemy's formation prior to the engagement
Long range artillery
Forces the enemy to keep moving - as soon as they become stationary, the artillery can range on them. As it is, the benefits of suppressive fire against morale is high.
In this instance, skirmishers forced the advancing unit to divide, thus weakening the attack against the main fortification.
Enfilading fire
At close range, grape shot into attacking infantry is... lethal.
Being on the uphill side of a charge is always advantageous.
Having units firing upon the chargers - even as they ran uphill.
Effectively, walls to shield the defenders against incoming fire, and forcing the attackers over yet another hurdle.
Preparing infantry for a shift from long range to close quarters combat.
A strategic force prepared to reinforce the defense.


jQuery Chart Exporting
Shield UI Chart supports out-of-the-box exporting to image and printing. These options are enabled by default, so there is no need to include any additional settings.
Further manipulation of these settings is done via the exportOptions section of the declaration of the control.
While exporting to PDF is not supported out-of-the-box, it can be achieved through custom code.
In order to achieve this, you need to send the image data to your server, where it can be exported to PDF. The following example demonstrates one such approach.
The steps to follow are listed below:
1. Get the chart instance using javascript: var chart = $("_TAG_").swidget().
2. Call chart.exportToImage() to render the chart as image.
3. Wait 100ms for the image box to show and find the image source: $(".shieldlightbox").find("img").attr("src"). The image src is a base64-encoded string that contains the image data.
4. Send the image data to the server for exporting. In this particular example, we send it to _URL_ for demonstration. The result is a JSON string with a URL that can be used to access the generated PDF.
Your server and PDF generation approach may be different, but the idea is to send the image data somehow so it can be converted to PDF.


Attaching a Disk to an Existing VM for VMware
Updated
From VMware virtual machine backups, you can restore a virtual machine disk and attach it to an existing VM.
Before You Begin
Procedure
 1. From the navigation pane, go to Protect > Virtualization.
 The Virtual machines page appears.
 2. On the Hypervisors tab, click the hypervisor.
 The hypervisor page appears. The VM groups area displays summary information for any existing VM groups.
 3. In the VM groups area, click Restore for the VM group that contains the virtual machine.
 The Select restore type page appears.
 4. Select Attach disk to disk existing VM to restore individual VMDK files and attach VMDKs to an existing virtual machine.
 The Restore page appears.
 5. To choose a different MediaAgent or source copy for the restore, do the following:
 1. In the upper-right corner of the page, click Settings.
 The Settings dialog box appears.
 2. For MediaAgent, decide whether to have the Commvault software automatically select the MediaAgent or to specify a MediaAgent:
 - Automatic: By default, the Commvault software selects the MediaAgent for the restore operation based on availability and environment.
 - To restore data using a specific MediaAgent, from the list, select a MediaAgent.
 3. For Source, decide whether to have the Commvault software automatically select the copy of backup data or to specify the copy:
 - Automatic: By default, the restore operation searches for the requested data in the primary copy and selects a different copy if the data is not found in the primary copy.
 - To restore from a specific copy of backup data, from the list, select a backup copy.
 4. Click Save.
 6. On the left, expand the tree and select the objects to be restored on the right. Select an item or click on an entry in the Name column to browse within an item. For hierarchical data such as files, folders, and disks, you can click an entry in the path listing above the right pane to return to a higher level of the hierarchy.
 In the top right corner of the page, a "Showing" message indicates what backup data is being displayed. You can click the down arrow beside this message and select any of the following options:
 - Show latest backups: Only display data for the most recent backups.
 - Show backups as of a specific date: Only display data up to the date you specify.
 - Show backups for a date range: Only display data within the data range you specify.
 7. Click Restore.
 8. In the Restore options dialog box, provide the requested information:
 1. From the Access node list, select the access node or the access node group to use for the restore operation.
 If you select Automatic, the Commvault software performs the restore operation using the most suitable access node from the VMware destination hypervisor.
 If you select an access node group, the Commvault software performs the restore operation using the most suitable access node that is available in the access node group.
 For access node selection, the Commvault software checks through the same host and the same datastore. If no host or datastore match is found, then any of the available access nodes from the selected destination hypervisor or access node group is used.
 2. To restore to a VM on a different hypervisor, select the hypervisor name from the Destination hypervisor list.
 3. To delete an existing virtual disk file and replace it with the restored file, select Overwrite if it already exists.
 4. For Disk Provisioning, use the default value (Original) to retain the provisioning method used at the time of backup. Select a value from the Disk Provisioning list to force a specific disk provisioning method: Thick Lazy Zero, Thin, or Thick Eager Zero.
 5. For Transport mode for VMware, select one of the following options:
 - Auto: The transport mode is selected automatically based on the backup environment:
 If the datastore is accessible to a physical proxy, SAN is used.
 If the datastore is accessible to the ESX server for a virtual proxy, HotAdd is used.
 Otherwise, NBD is used.
 - SAN: For directly connected storage using Fibre Channel (FC) or Internet SCCI (iSCSI) protocols. The Virtual Server Agent must have access to the datastore LUNs (logical drives) that provide storage for virtual machine disks. Data is read directly from the storage where virtual machines reside, without going through the ESX host or transferring data over the local area network (LAN). The ESX host is contacted only to coordinate access to the LUN. SAN transport mode cannot be used if the proxy computer is a virtual machine.
 - Hot Add: The Virtual Server Agent is installed on a virtual machine residing on an ESX server. In HotAdd mode, the data volumes containing the virtual machines to be backed up are automatically mounted to the proxy, so they can be accessed by the proxy as a local disk. The ESX host the proxy is running on must have access to all datastores for the virtual machine. If the virtual machine and the proxy are not on the same host, all datastores must be shared between the hosts.
 - NBD: Data is transferred using the TCP/IP connection between the ESX server and the proxy computer. The local area network (LAN) can be the production network or a dedicated backup network.
 - NBD SSL: Similar to NBD mode, but data transfer between the proxy computer and the ESX server is encrypted. Encryption should be used for sensitive information, even within a private network.
 - NAS: NAS (network attached storage) transport mode enables the virtual server agent (VSA) proxy computer to read data directly from the network file server (NFS), without going through an ESX host or transferring data over the local area network (LAN).
 6. For each disk you are restoring, click Browse next to Destination VM and select the virtual machine to which the restored disk should be attached.
 7. To use a different datastore for the restored VM disk, select the new datastore from the Datastore list.
 9. Click Submit to run the restore job.


Grandfather clause
Grandfather clause,
Definition of Grandfather clause:
 1. A clause exempting certain classes of people or things from the requirements of a piece of legislation affecting their previous rights, privileges, or practices.
 2. Provision that exempts certain entities from the full impact of an agreement, rule, or statute on the basis of preexisting arrangements or practices. A firm, for example, may decide to raise its prices from a certain date but charge the old price to existing customers.
 3. The origin of the term refers to statutes put in place after the Civil War by seven Southern states in an attempt to block African Americans from voting while exempting white voters from taking literacy tests and paying poll taxes required to vote. In the statutes, white voters whose grandfathers had voted before the end of the Civil War were exempt from taking the tests and paying the taxes under the grandfather clause. The statute was deemed to be unconstitutional by the Supreme Court in 1915 because it violated equal voting rights, but the use of the term indicating rights prior to rule changes carries on.
 4. A grandfather clause is an exemption that allows persons or entities to continue with activities or operations that were approved before the implementation of new rules, regulations, or laws. Generally speaking, a grandfather clause only exempts people or entities engaged in specified activities before new rules being put in place, while all other parties must abide by the new rules. However, these clauses effectively place two sets of rules or regulations on otherwise similar businesses or circumstances, which can create unfair competitive advantages for grandfathered parties. In these situations, grandfather clauses may only be granted for a set period.
How to use Grandfather clause in a sentence?
 1. A grandfather clause is a provision that allows people or entities to follow old rules that once governed their activity instead of newly implemented ones, often for a limited time.
 2. Grandfather clauses can be permanent, temporary, or instituted with limits.
 3. The term originated during the US Civil War era and referred to statutes enacted in the South to suppress African American voting.
 4. Grandfather clauses often apply to zoning laws, when the purpose of a development changes.
Meaning of Grandfather clause & Grandfather clause Definition


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Update-FormatData
JuanPablo Jofre|Last Updated: 12/17/2016
|
3 Contributors
SYNOPSIS
Updates the formatting data in the current session.
SYNTAX
Update-FormatData [[-AppendPath] <String[]>] [-PrependPath <String[]>] [-WhatIf] [-Confirm]
 [<CommonParameters>]
DESCRIPTION
The Update-FormatData cmdlet reloads the formatting data from formatting files into the current session. This cmdlet lets you update the formatting data without restarting Windows PowerShell.
Without parameters, Update-FormatData reloads the formatting files that it loaded previously. You can use the parameters of Update-FormatData to add new formatting files to the session.
Formatting files are text files in XML format with the format.ps1xml file name extension. The formatting data in the files defines the display of Microsoft .NET Framework objects in the session.
When Windows PowerShell starts, it loads the format data from the formatting files in the Windows PowerShell installation directory ($pshome) into the session. You can use Update-FormatData to reload the formatting data into the current session without restarting Windows PowerShell. This is useful when you have added or changed a formatting file, but do not want to interrupt the session.
For more information about formatting files in Windows PowerShell, see about_Format.ps1xml.
EXAMPLES
Example 1: Reload previously loaded formatting files
PS C:\> Update-FormatData
This command reloads the formatting files that it loaded previously.
Example 2: Reload formatting files and trace and log formatting files
PS C:\> Update-FormatData -AppendPath "trace.format.ps1xml, log.format.ps1xml"
This command reloads the formatting files into the session, including two new files, Trace.format.ps1xml and Log.format.ps1xml.
Because the command uses the AppendPath parameter, the formatting data in the new files is loaded after the formatting data from the built-in files.
The AppendPath parameter is used because the new files contain formatting data for objects that are not referenced in the built-in files.
Example 3: Edit a formatting file and reload it
PS C:\> Update-FormatData -PrependPath "c:\test\NewFiles.format.ps1xml"
# Edit the NewFiles.format.ps1 file.
PS C:\> Update-FormatData
This example shows how to reload a formatting file after you have edited it.
The first command adds the NewFiles.format.ps1xml file to the session. It uses the PrependPath parameter because the file contains formatting data for objects that are referenced in the built-in files.
After adding the NewFiles.format.ps1xml file and testing it in these sessions, the author edits the file.
The second command uses the Update-FormatData cmdlet to reload the formatting files. Because the NewFiles.format.ps1xml file was previously loaded, Update-FormatData automatically reloads it without using parameters.
PARAMETERS
-AppendPath
Specifies formatting files that this cmdlet adds to the session. The files are loaded after Windows PowerShell loads the built-in formatting files.
When formatting .NET objects, Windows PowerShell uses the first formatting definition that it finds for each .NET type. If you use the AppendPath parameter, Windows PowerShell searches the data from the built-in files before it encounters the formatting data that you are adding.
Use this parameter to add a file that formats a .NET object that is not referenced in the built-in formatting files.
Type: String[]
Parameter Sets: (All)
Aliases: PSPath, Path
Required: False
Position: 0
Default value: None
Accept pipeline input: True (ByPropertyName, ByValue)
Accept wildcard characters: False
-Confirm
Prompts you for confirmation before running the cmdlet.
Type: SwitchParameter
Parameter Sets: (All)
Aliases: cf
Required: False
Position: Named
Default value: False
Accept pipeline input: False
Accept wildcard characters: False
-PrependPath
Specifies formatting files that this cmdlet adds to the session. The files are loaded before Windows PowerShell loads the built-in formatting files.
When formatting .NET objects, Windows PowerShell uses the first formatting definition that it finds for each .NET type. If you use the PrependPath parameter, Windows PowerShell searches the data from the files that you are adding before it encounters the formatting data from the built-in files.
Use this parameter to add a file that formats a .NET object that is also referenced in the built-in formatting files.
Type: String[]
Parameter Sets: (All)
Aliases:
Required: False
Position: Named
Default value: None
Accept pipeline input: False
Accept wildcard characters: False
-WhatIf
Shows what would happen if the cmdlet runs. The cmdlet is not run.
Type: SwitchParameter
Parameter Sets: (All)
Aliases: wi
Required: False
Position: Named
Default value: False
Accept pipeline input: False
Accept wildcard characters: False
CommonParameters
This cmdlet supports the common parameters: -Debug, -ErrorAction, -ErrorVariable, -InformationAction, -InformationVariable, -OutVariable, -OutBuffer, -PipelineVariable, -Verbose, -WarningAction, and -WarningVariable. For more information, see about_CommonParameters (_URL_
INPUTS
System.String
You can pipe a string that contains the append path to Update-FormatData.
OUTPUTS
None
The cmdlet does not return any output.
NOTES
 - Update-FormatData also updates the formatting data for commands in the session that were imported from modules. If the formatting file for a module changes, you can run an Update-FormatData command to update the formatting data for imported commands. You do not need to import the module again.
*
Get-FormatData
Export-FormatData
© 2017 Microsoft


text:
Providing for social equity in water markets: the case for an Indigenous reserve in northern Australia
Introduction Across tropical northern Australia there is a significant Indigenous population which suffers from chronic socio-economic disadvantage. Against a backdrop of federally led national water reform, Indigenous peoples in jurisdictions across the region are seeking to have their social, cultural, and economic aspirations recognised and supported in water-sharing and market frameworks (Lingiari Foundation, 2002; Armstrong, 2008; NAILSMA, 2010). Currently there are no exclusive Indigenous...[Show more]
|ANU Research Publications
|Water Resources Planning and Management
|Request a copy
Items in Open Research are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise indicated.


text:
PG CERTIFICATE IN GEOINFORMATICS
About This Programme:
The School of Sciences has developed the Post Graduate Certificate Programme in Geoinformatics (PGCGI) with the help of several eminent experts across India drawn from ISRO, DRDO, IIT, C-DAC, DST, IITM and many private and government universities. The PGCGI programme intends to familiarise the learners with basic concepts of geoinformatics and its applications. It is built around concepts and skills at the basic level to make it easy for a learner who wishes to understand how geoinformatics can be put to practical use.
Objectives of the programme are to:
- provide theoretical knowledge and practical exercises in the basics of geoinformation science,
- acquaint the learners with spatial data, their analysis and applications, and
- widen opportunities of learners for higher studies and developing career in different sectors of employment involving geoinformatics.
Graduate in any discipline from a recognised university.
Rs.6000/- for full programme
Minimum 2 years and Maximum 5 years; offered in both January and July cycle of admission.
Medium of Instruction:
- MGY 1 – Introduction to Geoinformatics
- MGY 2 – Remote Sensing and Image Interpretation
- MGY 3 – Global Navigation Satellite System and Geographic Information System
- MGYL 4 – Geoinformatics Practical


Connector Tester tool
There are two versions of the Connector Tester tool:
info
Check out our Building a dynamic UI form tutorial for guidance on how the Form component of this tool was built to get you started with rendering your own forms using JSONschema of Tray's connectors!
The browser version
The browser version of the tool demonstrates the Connectors API in action.
It allows you to:
 1. See the input payload being built as you fill in the form for any connector operation. So you can see exactly how e.g. nested arrays are structured, what data types are involved etc.
 2. Submit the form to make an actual call and then view the response . This can be helpful for viewing how data is returned, which you might want to make use of downstream. It is also helpful for testing error responses from 3rd parties.
info
Crucially you can actually edit the input payload in order to test all possible success and failure responses coming from the 3rd party.
This should be of great assistance in helping you prepare for handling all possible errors in your integrations.
The local version
The local version of the tool uses a master_token and thus has some extended functionality.
The local version demonstrates Connectors and Users API in action.
 1. You can select existing or create new end users.
 2. It demonstrates how your End Users can create authentications and interact with input boxes and DDLs to directly access the power of connectors and their operations
 3. You can see the input payload being built as you fill in the form, which will allow you to see exactly how e.g. nested arrays are structured, what data types are involved etc.
 4. You can submit the form to make an actual call and then view the response . This can be helpful for viewing how data is returned, which you might want to make use of downstream. It is also helpful for testing error responses from 3rd parties


text:
If you download the latest installer and run it, you'll see an example labelled touch_mp3_with_leds in the Touch Board Examples folder. This sets up 12 pins (detailed in the code) as digital outputs, and keeps those pins high while the track associated with that electrode is playing.
Electrode E5 is linked to digital pin 13, which is connected to the onboard LED, so you can easily see the code's behaviour by uploading the code with a microSD card filled with tracks appropriately named for Touch_MP3 and observing the onboard L LED.
With this code, you can run one normal LED per pin, by connecting the anode (positive leg) of the LED to the appropriate output pin and the cathode (negative leg) to ground. If you want to run many LEDs from a pin you'll have to use a transistor driver circuit - you can learn more about them here.


text:
Study Of A Vietnam 155 Km Bauxite Slurry Pipeline From The Highlands To Coast
Vietnam's bauxite resources are mainly found in the Highlands region, which is also home to the upper catchment areas of some of Vietnam's most significant river systems. The location of alumina refineries in the Highlands region with their associated residue disposal facilities raises serious environmental concerns. The tropical climate zone brings periods of intense monsoonal rainfall that needs to be contained and managed. The likelihood and impact of fugitive dust emissions, ground water contamination, or discharge of contaminated water streams must be minimized. The existing infrastructure for transportation of raw materials, refinery supplies and product alumina to and from the refinery is also limited. Therefore, potential investors will have to pay high costs to minimize the environmental risks and to upgrade and improve transport infrastructure in order to build and operate their refineries in the Highlands.
One potential solution to these problems is to locate future alumna refineries closer to the coast some distance from the mines and beneficiation plants in the Highlands. In coastal locations, red mud can safely be neutralized and stored using sea water and alumina product can easily be transported to a nearby port. A Vietnamese alumina project has now been proposed to build a mine and beneficiation plant in the Highlands (Gia Lai province) and the refinery close to the coast (Binh Dinh province). The connection between the two plants will be via a 155 km bauxite slurry pipeline.
This paper describes the technical aspects of the pipeline design, operating and control philosophy, maintenance, and capital cost.


the difference between words: find out and know
Earlier, one of my students asked me what the difference is between "find out" and "know", so I think that would be a good topic for today's blog entry.
In English, we often have a separate word or expression to talk about the beginning of a situation. For example, first we PUT ON our clothes and then we WEAR them; first we GET a cold and then we HAVE the cold.
Another example of this is "find out" and "know". First, we FIND OUT some information, and then we KNOW it. So when we talk about the first moment that we learn some information, we must use "find out", but we can't use "know" until afterwards. For example:
I found out about the terrorist attack when I watched the news report on TV. I was so shocked!
I knew about the terrorist attack before I watched the news because my friend had told me about it before.
Did you know that ABC Department Store is having a sale this weekend? I just found out today.
A: Did you know that Rachel is going to have a baby?
B: Yes, I know.
A: When did you find out?
B: I found out yesterday when Rachel's husband told me.
As you can see from the examples, when we use "find out" we usually will say when we received the information. If we don't say when we received it, the sentence will sound a little strange.
 1. praiffs Said:
 couldn't get u.. first we PUT ON our clothes and than WEAR them..and first we GET cold than we HAVE cold.. Please. Explain it.. Thanks
 - I wrote another blog about "put on", "wear" and "take off" on October 25, 2010. If you check that, it should help you understand the difference better.
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