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Robert Daglish (1779–1865) was a colliery manager, mining, mechanical and civil engineer at the beginning of the railway era. He was born in North East England and became a member of the Institution of Civil Engineers in 1830. Following his death at Orrell on 28 December 1865 he was buried at Wigan Parish Church. He had married Margaret Twizel in 1804; their children included George (1805–1870), who became a surgeon, and Robert, who also was an engineer.[1]
Haigh Foundry
Dalglish moved to Lancashire in 1804 to take up employment for Lord Balcarres of Haigh Hall . He managed the Haigh FoundryAn ironworks and foundry in Haigh near Wigan that was notable for the manufacture of steam engines. and adjacent Brock Mill Forge. While there he built pumping, winding and blast engines which in their day were described as "improved and efficient machines".[2]
Orrell
Around 1810, Daglish moved to Orrell where he was appointed manager of John Clarke's Orrell Colliery. Having seen John BlenkinsopJohn Blenkinsop (1783 – 22 January 1831) was a mining engineer at Charles Brandling's Middleton Collieries who patented a rack and pinion system for a steam locomotive and commissioned the first practical railway locomotive from Fenton, Murray and Wood's Round Foundry in Holbeck, Leeds in 1811. 's rack locomotive for the Middleton Railway near Leeds in 1812, under licence, he built the Walking Horse The Walking Horse, Lancashire's first steam locomotive, was built by Robert Daglish in 1812 at the Haigh Foundry for colliery owner, John Clarke and it entered service the following year. to a similar design as Blenkinsop's SalamancaSalamanca, designed and built by Matthew Murray in 1812, was the world's first commercially successful steam locomotive..[2] He converted the colliery wagonway between the pits at Winstanley and the Leeds and Liverpool Canal at Crooke to a running track with stone sleepers and iron rails.[3][4] The locomotive was built at Haigh Foundry. Under Daglish's management the colliery was extremely profitable.[2] He built two more locomotives and said they each did the work of 14 horses saving the company about £500 per year.[4]
Railways
Dalglish supervised much of the construction work on the Bolton and Leigh Railway The Bolton and Leigh Railway (B&LR), Lancashire's first public railway, was promoted as a mineral line in connection with William Hulton's coal pits to the west of his estate at Over Hulton. which opened in 1828.[5] He rebuilt the locomotive, Novelty, for the St Helens and Runcorn Gap Railway in 1833. With his son, Robert who erected the machinery for that railway's inclined planes, he operated the line from 1839 until 1848. Dalglish was consulted by other railway companies such as the Newcastle & Carlisle Railway in 1832 and the Great North of England Railway. He won a prize in the London and Birmingham Railway's competition for the best design for rail chairs. In North America, Dalglish was consulted by the Baltimore and Susquehanna, the Boston and Providence, the New York and Harlem and Norwich and Worcester Railroads.[1]
Robert Daglish jnr.
Daglish's son, Robert (1809 – 1883) was also an engineer. He trained with Hick and Rothwell in Bolton before moving to Lee Watson and Company's St Helens Iron Foundry. The foundry supplied machinery for mills, mines, waterworks, glassworks, and railways. Iron lattice truss bridges were supplied to the Liverpool and Bury Railway in 1846. He was also a railway contractor.
Citations
Bibliography
Anderson, D. (1975). The Orrell Coalfield, Lancashire _PHONE_. Moorland Publishing Company.
Chimes, M. (2002). Daglish, Robert. In Skempton (Ed.), A biographical dictionary of civil engineers in Great Britain and Ireland. Vol. 1: 1500 - 1830. Inst. of Civil Engineers.
Preece, G. (1985). Coalmining in Salford, A Photographic Record. City of Salford Cultural Services.
Sweeney, D. J. (1996). A Lancashire Triangle Part One. Triangle Publishing.


text:
Overview of a First Payment Reminder Letter
A First Payment Reminder Letter is a short, friendly reminder to repay an outstanding payment from a client or customer.
What are Debt Collection Letters?
Debt Collection Letters are the first step in the debt collection process. In order to recover debt, it is recommended to first issue late payment reminder letters to clients or customers about overdue payments. These are also known as Demand Letters or Letters of Demand.
Why send Debt Recovery Letters?
Debt recovery is a major concern for many small businesses. Late payment reminder letters can be a useful and affordable way of chasing up overdue invoices by prompting a customer to pay the overdue amount. Having a structured credit control process in the collection of debt saves time spent collecting payments and managing cash flow.
What is a First Payment Reminder Letter?
A First Payment Reminder Letter is a short, friendly reminder to repay an outstanding payment from a client or customer. It should be as polite and friendly as possible and professional. It can be sent by any means but it is usually sent by e-mail or postal mail.
What is a Second Payment Reminder Letter?
A Second Payment Reminder Letter serves as a follow up reminder after already issuing a First Payment Reminder Letter, and the tone can be more direct than the first. It helps to minimise the amount of valuable time and effort spent chasing late payments, and serves as part of a structured credit control process. It can be sent by any means but it is usually sent by e-mail or postal mail.
What is a Final Debt Recovery Letter?
Also known as a Letter before Action, a Final Debt Recovery letter is the third and final reminder to pay and outstanding debt. Basically, it is a short, clear demand to repay an outstanding payment. Either, it may or may not, include the mention of pursuing legal action if the debt is not settled. Importantly, it is not a legally binding document and can be re-issued multiple times.
What is the Pre-Action Protocol for Debt Claims?
In the UK, the Ministry of Justice has released requirements with regards to the information and process required in order to claim payment of debt from an individual or sole trader before court proceedings can be issued. The Pre-Action Protocol for Debt Claims serves as a good general business debt collection best practice guideline.
What are the requirements of the Pre-Action Protocol for Debt Claims?
In order to satisfy the requirements of the Pre-Action Protocol for Debt Claims, your communications should include:
- Details of the amount owed and the agreement under which this debt originates
- Up to date details of any interest and administrative charges added
- Payment instructions including the method of and address of payment
- Information about payment options available to the debtor
- A Reply Form, Information Sheet, Financial Statement Form, and a reply address for the Reply Form.
Letters should be clearly dated and sent by post unless alternative methods of communication have been explicitly requested.
Does a Letter before Action have to be sent by registered mail?
A First Payment Reminder Letter, or Letter before Action, should be sent by postal mail unless alternative methods of communications have been explicitly requested. However, the gravity and intention of debt collection is communicated with better chance of success if sent by registered mail.
When to send Payment Recovery Letters?
Payment Recovery Letters should be sent when a payment is overdue. A payment is overdue when an outstanding payment is outside the payment terms. If payment terms have not been specified, it is usually customary to consider a payment overdue after 30 days.
What are Payment Terms and Payment Instructions?
In essence, payment terms are the conditions under which a payment should be made. Usually, payment terms include when a payment is expected, any conditions on that payment, and any discounts or penalties relating to the timing of the payment. Subsequently, payment instructions are the means and methods of payment.
What are Common Payment Terms?
Essentially, parties are free to negotiate the desired payment terms. In practice, the provider of a good or service will normally have standard payment terms. Common payment terms include:
- Payment in Advance
- Or, Net 7 (payment due 7 days after invoice date)
- Net 30 (payment due 30 days after invoice date)
- Or, Net 60 (payment due 60 days after invoice date)
What is the difference between an Invoice and a Payment Request Letter?
An invoice, also known as a bill, is a commercial document issued by a seller to a buyer requesting payment for the provision of goods or services. It can be issued in advance or afterwards. It usually includes a breakdown of the costs for the goods or services provided, the total amount due, payment instructions, and payment terms.
Conclusion on First Payment Reminder Letters
First Payment Reminder Letters are follow-up communications after an invoice has been sent but no payment received. They are commercial documents part of the debt collection process. Payment Request Letters are the first step if a customer is slow-paying invoices or refusing to pay an invoice.
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source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
In the summer of 2012, four Princeton students traveled to Koidu, Sierra Leone, looking for a community to partner with for a new Engineers Without Borders project. Senior Michael Showak and junior Christine Feng acted as project co-managers.
Video stills courtesy of Caden Ohlwiler, Class of 2015
Video feature: Engineers Without Borders, Sierra Leone
Posted January 28, 2013; 12:00 p.m.
Dorma is a small village in the heart of the Kono District of Sierra Leone, which was ravaged by the country's civil war that concluded in 2002. It lies about two miles from the center of Koidu, the district capital, and is surrounded by rice fields where many of its residents farm.
A group of four students working with the Princeton chapter of Engineers Without Borders (EWB-Princeton) were in Sierra Leone last summer to talk with local citizens and leaders about opening a new program. In this video EWB-Princeton participants talk about their partnership with the village of Dorma to address a few of the basic needs of the community. The students noted that the village has seen little continual effort for a redevelopment of infrastructure in the postwar decade.
Play the "Engineers Without Borders, Sierra Leone" video.
"The community lacks infrastructure that we would view as essential — clean water and basic sanitation — not from a lack of interest, but from a lack of resources and opportunity," said senior Michael Showak, a chemical and biological engineering major who served as project manager of EWB-Princeton's Sierra Leone team. "We're hoping to be able to work with them to offer our knowledge and engineering skills to assist them to reach the goals they have for themselves."
The program will work to improve quality of life in the community. Most pressing is the need for clean and consistent drinking water. To access water during the dry season, when wells often run dry, residents dig pits in the swamps where they grow their rice. Even when the well produces water, it is highly unsafe to drink.
"During our visit, we tested the well water they drink for contaminants and found high levels of bacterial contaminants — something that would never pass WHO [World Health Organization] water quality standards," commented junior Christine Feng, an operations research and financial engineering major.
Showak, who led the project along with Feng, said that the team consisting of about 20 Princeton students and a professional mentor has a number of challenges to address as they begin to design the system. Students are working on designs of wells that are operational all year long and eliminate contamination issues. The group plans to return in August to finalize technical measurements and help with the formation and training of a group of community members who will oversee the project.
"Working on an engineering project halfway around the world is a large undertaking," Showak said. "Luckily, we have great partners within Dorma who are eager to make the partnership work."
The Princeton chapter of Engineers Without Borders was established by two undergraduates in 2004 and has completed projects including a library in Ghana and a sanitation system in Peru. Although many of its 90 members are engineering majors, the chapter draws students from across the University. It is supported by the School of Engineering and Applied Science, Keller Center for Innovation in Engineering Education, Princeton Environmental Institute, Grand Challenges Program and Princeton Institute for International and Regional Studies.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Changing the rules
From SCA Lochac
Revision as of 21:14, 5 January 2021 by Angele (talk | contribs)
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 1. These rules have precedence as set out in section I.A of the Corpora of the Society for Creative Anachronism Inc.
 2. At all times, mundane law has precedence over any and all rules of the SCA.
Changes to the rules
 1. In accordance with section II of the Laws of the Kingdom of Lochac, which can be found at, temporary restrictions on activities normally allowed by these rules may be made by proclamation of the Crown, but they will expire after 30 days unless renewed by proclamation, or permanently incorporated into the rules.
 2. Permanent changes to the rules can only be made using the following procedures, and shall only come into effect after all of these steps are complete:
 1. The change is approved by:
 1. the Crown; and
 2. the Kingdom Seneschal; and
 3. the Board of SCA Ltd, and
 4. the Committee of SCA NZ Inc.
 2. The change is proclaimed by the Crown at an official event.
 3. Notification of the change is distributed to all Group Fencing Marshals.
 4. The Fencing Combat Handbook (this document) is updated.
 5. Notification of the change is published in Pegasus.
 3. The only exception to this procedure is in the case of mundane law changes that contradict these rules. In the event of a change to mundane law, that law will become effective immediately and these rules will be updated as soon as possible.
 4. Typographical corrections and minor changes to clarify wording, that do not change the substance or intent of a rule, can be made by the Kingdom Fencing Marshal without going through this procedure.
Requesting rule changes
 1. The procedure for requesting a change to these rules is as follows:
 1. Discuss the proposed change with the Group Fencing Marshal.
 2. The Group Fencing Marshal forwards the proposed change to the Kingdom Fencing Marshal.
 3. The Kingdom Fencing Marshal conducts appropriate consultation with the fencing community, including discussion with the Kingdom Earl Marshal.
 4. The Kingdom Fencing Marshal formally submits the proposed change to the Kingdom Earl Marshal, and to the Society Fencing Marshal if required.
Experimenting with the rules
 1. Members of the fencing community can propose a substantial change to these rules, such as the addition of a new category of weapons, a new technique, or a reduction in protective equipment requirements.
 2. These changes can only be considered following an approved experiment where training and combat is conducted according to the proposed new rules.
 3. The Kingdom Fencing Marshal can approve an experimental program, subject to the agreement of the Kingdom Earl Marshal and the Society Marshal.
 4. To obtain approval, the people proposing the change must submit an experimental program plan including:
 - a description of the proposed new weapon, technique or equipment change
 - a description of how the experiment will be conducted in training or combat
 - a minimum time frame for the experiment to be conducted
 - a reporting schedule (at least quarterly)
 - anticipated risks
 - contact information for the person who will conduct the experiment and report to the Kingdom Fencing Marshal.
 5. The Kingdom Fencing Marshal will report at least quarterly to the Kingdom Earl Marshal and the Society Fencing Marshal on the progress of the experiment, including any injuries and any concerns from fencers or marshals involved in the experiment.
 6. The Society Fencing Marshal will decide if the rule change should be recommended to the Society Marshal.
 7. The Society Marshal will decide whether to recommend that the SCA Board of Directors approve changes to the Society Fencing Marshals Handbook.
 8. More information about Society experiments is in Appendix 6 of the Society Fencing Marshals Handbook.


Borsuk's Conjecture
Karol Borsuk conjectured in 1933 that every bounded set in R^d can be covered by d+1 sets of smaller diameter. Jeff Kahn and I found a counterexample in 1993. It is based on the Frankl-Wilson theorem.
Let \cal G be the set of \pm 1 vectors of length n. Suppose that n=4p and p is a prime, as the conditions of Frankl-Wilson theorem require. Let {\cal G'} = \{(1/\sqrt n)x:x \in {\cal G}\}. All vectors in {\cal G}' are unit vectors.
Consider the set X=\{x \otimes x: x \in {\cal G}'\}. X is a subset of R^{n^2}.
Remark: If x=(x_1,x_2,\dots,x_n), regard x\otimes x as the n by n matrix with entries (x_ix_j).
It is easy to verify that:
Claim: <x \otimes x,y\otimes y> = <x,y>^2.
It follows that all vectors in X are unit vectors, and that the inner product between every two of them is nonnegative. The diameter of X is therefore \sqrt 2. (Here we use the fact that the square of the distance between two unit vectors x and y is 2 minus twice their inner product.)
Suppose that Y \subset X has a smaller diameter. Write Y=\{x \otimes x: x \in {\cal F}\} for some subset \cal F of \cal G. This means that Y (and hence also \cal F) does not contain two orthogonal vectors and therefore by the Frankl-Wilson theorem
|{\cal F}| \le U=4({{n} \choose {0}}+{{n}\choose {1}}+\dots+{{n}\choose{p-1}}).
It follows that the number of sets of smaller diameter needed to cover X is at least 2^n / U. This clearly refutes Borsuk's conjecture for large enough n. Sababa.
Let me explain in a few more words how U looks like when n is large. the dominant binomial coefficient in the the sum defining U is {{n} \choose {p-1}}. (Since p=n/4 every binomial coefficient in the sum is smaller than half the next binomial coefficient.) {{n} \choose {p-1}} is smaller than {{n} \choose {n/4}}. When n is large this binomial coefficient equal to 2^{n(H(1/4)+o(1)}, where H is the entropy function. H(1/4)=-(1/4)\log_2(1/4)-(3/4)\log_2(3/4)=0.811.. To verify it and even to get better estimates you can use Stirling's formula.
We will further discuss Borsuk's conjecture and related problems in a later post.
An extremely flattering I was very happy to read a description of the work of Jeff Kahn and me in the context of surprises in mathematics and theoretical computer science can be found in Dick's Lipton's blog.
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6 Responses to Borsuk's Conjecture
 1. Pingback: Some musings around Borsuk's conjecture « Konrad Swanepoel's blog
 2. rjlipton says:
 I disagree. I think my post is well deserved. One of the cool results of all time. And one of the biggest surprises.
 dick
 3. Pingback: Around Borsuk's Conjecture 1: Some Problems | Combinatorics and more
 4. Pingback: Andriy Bondarenko Showed that Borsuk's Conjecture is False for Dimensions Greater Than 65! | Combinatorics and more
 5. Pingback: Around Borsuk's Conjecture 3: How to Save Borsuk's conjecture | Combinatorics and more
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Temperate Fluiduct
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Temperate Fluiduct
ModThermal Dynamics
TypePipe
Upgrades
Next tier
The Temperate Fluiduct is a block from Thermal Dynamics used to transport fluids. The rate at which it transports fluids is inversely proportional to the Viscosity of the fluid being transported. Temperate Fluiducts have a weakness: they cannot transport fluids with temperatures above 800 or below 274. This means that, while most fluids including Steam can be safely transported, Lava and Cryotheum cannot, and if transported will break the fluiducts and spill into the world.
Fluids that enter Fluiducts are instantly shared across all connected ducts and can be instantly transported from sources to destinations. However, this also means that a Fluiduct network can only transport one fluid at a time. Fluids can be pushed into Fluiducts by machines, or can be pulled in by attaching a Servo.
There are two types of Fluiducts: normal and Opaque. Opaque Fluiducts do not render the fluid they contain; non-Opaque Fluiducts do render fluids. This can cause more graphical lag, but can also be more aesthetically pleasing or satisfying to watch.
Recipe[edit | edit source]
Opaque and transparent Fluiducts can be converted into each other.


text:
To determine where to locate aerial ridesharing hubs in Los Angeles, Uber built a sophisticated transportation planning model. Because the service manages 15 million trips every day, Uber already had extensive ride-sharing transportation data. But it needed multimodal travel insights.
Download our case study to learn:
- What metrics Uber Air used to optimize site locations
- How many trips per day Uber Air predicts for demand, and how many terminals it needs to meet that demand
- What other factors informed potential terminal locations
Learn how Uber used StreetLight to capture nearly 100% of travel on Los Angeles roads.


If the angle of the lean of the tree appears to be changing, the tree could be in the process of failing structurally. This is not uncommon following root damage. Decay organisms can invade damaged roots that can structurally weaken the tree causing it to fall.
There are several methods to determine if the angle of lean is changing. You should contact a consulting arborist who is qualified to evaluate the tree and determine if removal is warranted or if other treatments could reduce the risk of failure to acceptable levels.
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text:
St. Petersburg, Russia
Duration 3 1/2 hrs
Learn to paint your own version of Matryoshka nesting dolls in a hands-on class and then enjoy a traditional Russian tea party with ice cream at a downtown café. The wooden dolls have been wildly popular since 1900, when they won the bronze medal in the World Exposition in Paris. A set of these iconic Russian souvenirs typically contains seven dolls of decreasing size, each one identically painted and nesting inside another. Each folk-art doll depicts a young peasant woman bundled up, her head covered with a babushka. Matryoshka means "little matron," and the dolls are said to represent motherhood and family. An art expert will offer guidance as you paint your own set of dolls in the hands-on class. Feel free to paint your dolls to look traditional or take a more creative approach. When finished painting your Matryoshka nesting dolls, the set will be your souvenir to take home.
- Paint a set of Matryoshka nesting dolls however your see fit and take them home.
- Discover how these iconic Russian dolls first became popular and what they represent.
- Toast your creativity by indulging in a traditional tea party with ice cream.
- Adult from: $227.14 NZD
- Child from: $227.14 NZD


text: High industrial demand and limited global abundance of precious metals (PMs) make their recycling essential for industrial and societal sustainability. Owing to their high surface-to-volume ratio, recycling of nanoparticulate precious metals through dissolution in dilute acids at room temperature is quite relevant. However, their dissolution by approaches such as the cyclic oxidation-reduction of metal surfaces through surface potential manipulation may not be suitable for large-scale production. Here, we demonstrate fast dissolution of Pt-nanoparticles under mild conditions (normal temperature and pressure) in Cl- containing dilute acidic/neutral baths without using cyclic oxidation-reduction. We demonstrate that the dissolution of Pt nanoparticles through [PtClx]2- complexing is hindered by blockage of the Pt surface due to adsorption of non-oxide species (impurities), a phenomenon termed herein as non-oxide passivation (NOP). The nanoparticles can be kept active for the [PtClx]2- complexing through removal of the adsorbed species by surface activation, a process to remove the NOP layer by application of cyclic/continuous perturbation. As an example, average % dissolution rate (calculated on initial Pt loading) increases from ∼10% per h (∼30% dissolution in 3 h) for dissolution without NOP removal to ∼19% per h (∼55% dissolution in 3 h) for dissolution through cyclic activation of the Pt surface by HCl-water cycling. The approach may be implemented with a range of cost-efficient and non-toxic reagents for industrial-scale and environmentally friendly recycling of Pt.


text:
News From the Field
Predicting If Scientists Will Be Stars
September 12, 2012
Will a young scientist's career be brilliant or ordinary? Now there's a crystal ball in the form of a new formula that accurately predicts a young scientist's success up to 10 years into the future and could be useful for hiring, tenure and funding decisions. The new formula is more than twice as accurate as a measure called the "h index" for predicting future success for researchers in the life sciences.
The National Science Foundation (NSF) is an independent federal agency that supports fundamental research and education across all fields of science and engineering. In fiscal year (FY) 2012, its budget was $7.0 billion. NSF funds reach all 50 states through grants to nearly 2,000 colleges, universities and other institutions. Each year, NSF receives about 50,000 competitive requests for funding, and makes about 11,500 new funding awards. NSF also awards about $593 million in professional and service contracts yearly.
Get News Updates by Email
Useful NSF Web Sites:
NSF Home Page: _URL_
NSF News: _URL_
For the News Media: _URL_
Science and Engineering Statistics: _URL_
Awards Searches: _URL_


text:
Gunshot Audio Classification
A proof-of-concept machine learning project for first responders, to detect the sound of a gunshot
Created By: Swapnil Verma
On May 24, 2022, nineteen students and two teachers were fatally shot, and seventeen others were wounded at Robb Elementary School in Uvalde, Texas, United States. An 18-year-old gunman entered the elementary school and started shooting kids and teachers with a semi-automatic rifle. The sad part is that it is not a one-off event. Gun violence including mass shootings is a real problem, especially in the USA.
Deaths due to gun violence in 2022
Deaths due to gun violence in 2022
Gun violence is a massive problem and I alone can not solve it, but I can definitely contribute an engineering solution toward hopefully minimizing casualties.
Here I am proposing a proof of concept to identify gun sounds using a low-cost system and inform emergency services as soon as possible. Using this system, emergency services can respond to a gun incident as quickly as possible thus hopefully minimizing casualties.
My low-cost proof of concept uses multiple microcontroller boards with microphones to capture sound. They use a TinyML algorithm prepared using Edge Impulse to detect any gunshot sound. Upon a positive detection, the system sends a notification to registered services via an MQTT broker.
To learn more about the working of the system, please check out the Software section.
The hardware I am using is:
- Arduino Portenta H7
- Arduino Nano BLE Sense
- 9V Battery
In the current hardware iteration, the Arduino Nano BLE Sense is powered by a 9V battery and the Portenta H7 is powered via a laptop, because I am also using the serial port on the Portenta H7 to debug the system.
The software is divided into 2 main modules:
- Machine Learning
The machine learning module uses a tinyML algorithm prepared using Edge Impulse. This module is responsible for identifying gunshot sounds. It takes sound as input and outputs its classification.
After preparing the dataset, we need to design an impulse. The Edge Iimpulse documentation explains the impulse design in great detail so please check out their documentation page to learn about impulse design.
As you can see, I have selected MFCC as the preprocessing block, and classification as the learning block. I have used the default parameters for the MFCC preprocessing. For training, I have slightly modified the default neural network architecture. I have used three 1D convolutional CPD layers with 8, 16 and 24 neurons, respectively. The architecture is illustrated in the below image.
Neural Network Architecture
Add an Extra Layer
I trained the model for 5000 iterations with a 0.0005 learning rate. My final model has 94.5% accuracy.
The Edge Impulse Studio's Model testing tab enables a developer to test the model immediately. It uses the data from the test block and performs the inference using the last trained model. My model had 91.3% accuracy on the test data.
One nice feature Edge Impulse provides is versioning. You can version your project (like Git) to store all data, configuration, intermediate results and final models. You can revert back to earlier versions of your impulse by importing a revision into a new project. I use this feature every time before changing the neural network architecture. That way I don't have to retrain or keep a manual record of the previous architecture.
After completing the training, it's time for deployment. The Deployment tab of the Edge Impulse Studio provides three main ways of deploying the model onto hardware: (a) by creating a library (b) by building firmware, and (c) by running it on a computer or a mobile phone directly. I knew that I need more functionality from my Arduino hardware apart from inferencing, so I created a library instead of building firmware.
Just select the type of library you want, and click the Build button at the bottom of the page. This will build a library and download it onto your computer. After downloading, it will also show a handy guide to include this library in your IDE.
Adding a Library
The coolest part is that I don't need to retrain the model or do anything extra to deploy the same model onto multiple devices. The examples of the downloaded library will have example code for all the supported devices of the same family.
Just select an example as a getting started code, modify it according to your need and flash it. The Arduino Nano BLE Sense and Portenta H7 use the same model generated by Edge Impulse. I trained the model only once, agnostic of the hardware and deployed it on multiple devices which is a time saver.
Inferencing is the process of running a neural network model to generate output. The image below shows the inference pipeline.
Gunshot Detection Pipeline
The microphones in the Nano BLE Sense and Portenta H7 pick up the surrounding sound (stages 1 & 2). The sound data is then preprocessed using the MFCC block (stage 3). The preprocessed data is then sent to a Convolutional Neural Network block (stage 4) which classifies it into either the gunshot class or the other class (stage 5).
To learn more about the project please follow the below link.
The output of the machine learning module is then processed before sending it to the cloud via the Communication module.
This module is responsible for sharing information between boards and sending positive predictions to the registered emergency services.
The Nano BLE Sense sends its inference to the Portenta H7 via BLE. The Portenta H7 then sends the positive output (i.e. detection of gunshot sound) of its inference and Nano BLE's inference to a subscriber via MQTT. I have used the cloudMQTT broker for this project.
To download the software please use the below link:
My testing setup and the result are illustrated in the video below. The system is connected to my laptop which is also performing the screen recording. On the upper left side, we have an Arduino serial window which is showing the output from the Portenta H7, and on the lower left hand, we have an audio player. On the right-hand side, we have cloudMQTT's WebSocket UI, which shows the incoming notification via MQTT. The sound for this video is played and recorded using my laptop's speaker and microphone.
In the video above I am playing different categories of sound and one of that categories is a gunshot. The system outputs the classification result to the Arduino serial port whenever it detects a sound from the other class but does not send it to the receiver. The moment it detects a gunshot sound, it immediately sends a notification to the receiver via CloudMQTT.


text:
MINSK — Belarus held a burial ceremony for 110 Napoleonic soldiers who died in a major battle in 1812 against the Russian army.
Tens of thousands of French troops died in November 1812 when the Russians attacked French emperor Napoleon Bonaparte's army as it fled across the Berezina River on a retreat from Moscow.
The devastating defeat eventually led to the 1814 Russian takeover of Paris and Bonaparte's exile. Since then, the word "Berezina" means "a complete disaster" in French.
The remains were excavated by a Belarussian Defense Ministry unit that searches for soldiers' remains. They were buried Friday at a cemetery in the village of Studenka, 100 kilometers east of Minsk, in a ceremony attended by French Ambassador Michel Raineri.


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How To Add Epg To Iptv App – IPTVUK.CC
How To Add Epg To Iptv App
IPTV, also known as Internet Protocol Television, defies traditional broadcasting methods by transmitting television signals via the internet. IPTV apps have become increasingly popular over the years as they provide access to a wide range of TV channels and shows. But one common issue that users tend to face is the lack of an electronic program guide (EPG) within the app. This article aims to guide users on how to add EPG to their IPTV app.
What Is EPG?
To put it simply, EPG is a digital guide displaying the schedules and programs of TV channels. It not only lets you keep track of the timings of your favorite shows but also helps you record them accordingly. Moreover, EPGs come with features such as reminders, parental control and recommendations.
Why Do You Need EPG?
EPG is a crucial feature for any IPTV user, especially if you are someone who regularly watches TV programs. Without EPG, you would not know what program is airing next, when it starts or ends, or any other related information. Having an EPG within your IPTV app allows you to organize your TV programs, thus providing you with an enhanced TV viewing experience.
How To Add EPG To IPTV App
The method of adding EPG to your IPTV app varies from app to app. Here are some general guidelines and steps that can be taken to add EPGs to your IPTV app.
Step 1: Find And Download The EPG File
The first step is to find and download the EPG file you want to add. EPG files can be found in various formats such as XML, M3U, and JSON. You can search for EPGs on the internet or try using EPG providers such as IPTV-EPG, TV Guide, XMLTV, etc. Once you have found the EPG file, download it to your device.
Step 2: Install IPTV App
If you have not yet installed an IPTV app, do so by downloading it from the Google Play Store or the Apple App Store. Some popular options include IPTV Smarters, GSE Smart IPTV, and MyIPTV Player.
Step 3: Add EPG Data To IPTV App
Once you have installed the IPTV app, launch it and go to the app Settings or Options. You should see an "EPG URL" or "XMLTV URL" option depending on the app. Tap on it and paste the URL of the downloaded EPG file. If the app does not support a direct EPG link, you can download the EPG file to your device, select the file's location within the app, and manually refresh the EPG data.
Step 4: Configure EPG Settings
After adding the EPG data to the app, it's time to configure the EPG settings. Go to the EPG settings and select the channel to which you want to add the EPG data. Once selected, you can see the list of programs available for that channel, along with their timings and details.
Conclusion
Adding an EPG to your IPTV app is a simple and straightforward process that can significantly enhance your TV viewing experience. The method of adding EPGs varies depending on the app you are using, but the above mentioned general guidelines should help you add an EPG to your IPTV app. By following these steps, you can easily organize and keep track of your TV programs and get the most out of your IPTV app.
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Title: Scientific Discourse
Subtitle: Multiliteracy in the Classroom
Publisher: Continuum International Publishing Group Ltd
Author: David Ian Hanauer, Indiana University of Pennsylvania
Hardback: ISBN: _PHONE_ Pages: 256 Price: U.K. £ 75.00
This book examines the nature of scientific inquiry in the primary school classroom to show how this interacts with early literacy. Through an examination of the texts used and produced by pupils studying science the author shows how what is at work in this context of scientific discourse is actually multiliteracy. The teacher aids the pupils' learning using different forms of literacy spread across the spoken word, written text, visual text and physical action. The result of this diverse approach is a growth not only in scientific knowledge, but basic literacy.
The book provides a theoretical introduction to developmental literacy theory, current positions of science education and advanced theories of multiliteracy and genre theory. The new theory of scientific discourse presented in this book will be of interest to researchers of applied linguistics, discourse analysis and education.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Heat sensitive plastic
This is a cheap simple exhibit and allows visitors to make a (tempory) mark on the exhibition. The plastic has a transition temperature and you may find that you need more than one version for summer and winter if the temperature of your gallery (and visitors) changes too much.
The film itself uses a form of liquid crystal, that creates a spiral, whose pitch changes with temperature. Depending on the pitch (and so the temperatures), different colours reflect due to bragg diffraction.


The Psychology of Place Attachment: Why We Are Connected to Locations
Edited by Lina Maragha
"Home is where the heart is" a phrase repeated by many, is a quote that I find myself wondering about. As I sit at my desk and look at my computer which houses the entirety of university for me this year, I find my thoughts wondering off about somewhere else I would rather be. Not just anywhere, a place that I love, where the people are kind, my experiences have been memorable and my visits frequent. Place attachment is the connection one has to their favourite destination, home or location. It can be made meaningful through independent or group experiences. The psychological process of place attachment is driven by three factors, affect, cognition, and behaviour.
The Affect
We as people can bond with our locations. There is an emotional connection that may occur between person and place when it satisfies a "human need". These places bring feelings of "well-being" and "pride". It works the other way as well, in places you might have had a traumatic experience in, it is likely you will be averse to it. For example, a childhood home may be of significance but it does not always have to be associated with positive feelings.
Similar to the way music and songs bring back memories so can our location. Place attachment in response to cognition is the personal connection and meaning you can have with a given destination. These may be cottages, cities or other areas that you have frequented which is common in people and this can show "one's self-concept".
Behaviour refers to interpersonal attachment and the closeness one remains to the location that is missed. This occurs when there is a positive bond to somewhere you have been and your efforts to return or the distance you keep in order to increase visits. Homesickness expresses the bond one may have for their homes after being away for long periods of time and their longing to return.
We may have personal connections to locations however, it can also be the people we were there with that grow our desire to return. Positive experiences with groups of individuals can draw out intense memories when looking back. Experiences can "create meaning". Something many of us have heard during the pandemic is "its not New York without New Yorkers," and I think this is true of many places right now. The energy that was once there is no longer. One important location I think students are missing is campus. A large part of university is the experiences and people you meet along the way. For some who live close, they can take a walk through campus but it is not the same without the constant energy from the student body. As for others who live further from their friends and school it can bring up emotions that cause one to reflect on happy memories.
However, school is certainly not the only place we could be longing for right now. Here are some suggestions to help you feel closer to your favourite place:
Homesick Candles
This is a company that sells candles with the scents of several different states and countries that you may be in desire to return to.
One of my favourite things to do while being home is to research some movies or shows that were filmed in the location I am missing. It is a lot of fun to watch and remember visiting the sights.
Look back on pictures you took when visiting last and FaceTime a friend to talk about the fun times and happy memories you made together.
Enjoy food that brings up nostalgic feelings.
Music is powerful and can have strong connections to moments in our lives. Refer back to what you were listening to when you last visited your favourite place.
Gifford, Robert, Scannell, Leila. (2008, September 22). Defining place attachment: A tripartite organizing framework.


Stephanie Rothenberg: Aquadisia
 - ©, Stephanie Rothenberg, Aquadisia
 Website and participatory performance
Artist Statement:
 Aquadisia explores the queering of biopolitical power in the quest to engineer nonhuman life for human survival. For ISEA 2020, the project manifests as an immersive website and participatory performance about a new species of cyborg oysters that can cure climate change. Merging fact and fiction, the narrative centers around the genetic modification of a new species of cyborg oysters that can convert toxic water into an aphrodisia-inducing fluid. Harvested in innovative aquaculture farms, the fluid is piped into municipal water sources. By simply turning on your kitchen faucet, you can pour a glass of this magical liquid and take part in a more-than-human experience.
 Playing on the libidinal myth of the oyster, a hermaphroditic organism, the project explores aphrodisia as a more sentient state of being and empowerment. The sensations move beyond mere sexual connotations into an awakened state of "Aquadisia" – a Sentience 2.0. It questions the contradictions within new technological models of bioengineering that can often adversely affect nonhuman life, and how creating more sentient and perceptible "humans" might be another path to consider.
 The immersive website offers a glimpse into how the science meets a new Sentience 2.0. To participate in the performance, participants must log-on to the website and connect to the Aquadisia Network. And be sure to have a glass of water ready!
 Performers: Lindsey Griffith, Annette Daniels Taylor & Felipe Shibuya
 Website designer: Caco Peguero/United Futures


Two free useful marketing tools
The Analysis Spreadsheet
If you did a test mailing to two sets of 3,000 names and one got 1.5% response and the other got 1.75%, is this difference statistically significant or not? Often two results may look significantly different but in reality they may not be. This spreadsheet lets you correctly analyse your results. This free marketing tool works for both mailings and off-the-page advertising. (278K)
Download Now
Online Breakeven Analysis - Find out if your next campaign is likely to work
Many direct response/direct mail campaigns are doomed from the start because someone never worked out the likelihood of success. The lower the response rate you need to break even, the higher your chances of success.
With this marketing tool you need to enter values for cost of mailing, mailing volume, average order size and average profit per order then press calculate the key factors affecting the success of your campaign:
Cost of Mailing
Mailing volume
Average order size
Average gross profit per order
Cost per pack
Number of customers
needed to break even
Cost per customer
at break even
Target response rate
Now ask yourself: can you achieve this response rate or higher?
Also remember, most people aim to break even on customer recruitment and make long-term profit from subsequent repeat sales. So the next thing you need to work out is how valuable your customers are - take a look at this article.


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Muscat: The analysis of the National Multi Hazard Early Warning Center (NMHEWC) indicates a formation of a tropical depression system over east Arabian Sea.
The system is located at longitude 69.0°E and latitude 20.0°N with estimated surface wind speed around the center between (17 to 27 knots). The depression is about 150 km away from the Indian coast (Gujarat) and around 900 km from the closest point of the Sultanate coast (Masirah).
Latest numerical weather prediction indicates westerly to northwesterly movement of the tropical depression towards central the Arabian Sea with a probability of further intensification into a deep depression within the coming 24 hours.
NMHEWC continues to monitor all updates of this tropical weather condition. The Public Authority for Civil Aviation (PACA) advices the public to follow its latest weather bulletins and reports. –ONA


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- Is Baking Soda Good for hydrangeas?
- Are banana peels good for hydrangeas?
- Which plants like coffee grounds?
- Which plants do not like coffee grounds?
- What is the best fertilizer for hydrangeas?
- Will vinegar turn hydrangeas blue?
- Are eggshells good for hydrangeas?
- Is Epsom salt good for hydrangeas?
- How do I put coffee grounds on my hydrangea?
Is Baking Soda Good for hydrangeas?
Flower species that prefer alkaline soil such as geranium, begonia, and hydrangea should be watered occasionally with a weak baking-soda and water solution.
Sprinkle baking soda lightly around your tomato plants.
If you have cut flowers, dip them in a solution of baking soda and water to lengthen their life..
Are banana peels good for hydrangeas?
Banana Peels Their high potassium content reportedly will cause those bushes to go bananas with blooms. Use about only three peels for each bush, snipping them into pieces with kitchen shears first to help them break down quickly.
Which plants like coffee grounds?
While used coffee grounds are only slightly acidic, fresh (unbrewed) coffee grounds have more acid. Your acid-loving plants like hydrangeas, rhododendrons, azaleas, lily of the valley, blueberries, carrots, and radishes can get a boost from fresh grounds.
Which plants do not like coffee grounds?
In most cases, the grounds are too acidic to be used directly on soil, even for acid-loving plants like blueberries, azaleas and hollies. Coffee grounds inhibit the growth of some plants, including geranium, asparagus fern, Chinese mustard and Italian ryegrass.
What is the best fertilizer for hydrangeas?
A good all purpose 12-4-8 or 10-10-10 composition will provide all the fertilizing hydrangeas need. Either a chemical source or organic matter can be used successfully. Applying a once a year slow-release chemical formulated for shrubs and trees is the simplest solution to hydrangea care and feeding.
Will vinegar turn hydrangeas blue?
For each gallon of water in your watering can, add one cup of white distilled vinegar and pour on your hydrangeas. The acidity of the vinegar will turn your pink hydrangeas blue or keep your blue blooms from turning pink. To lower the acidity of your garden's soil, ask your local nursery for limestone.
Are eggshells good for hydrangeas?
If you want pink hydrangeas, crushed eggshells may be one way to get them. Eggshells will slowly break down and reduce the acidity of your soil—making it harder for hydrangeas to absorb aluminum.
Is Epsom salt good for hydrangeas?
Since the blue color of a hydrangea is formed by aluminum made available in acid soil, adding Epsom salt would not make your flowers change color. Alum (aluminum sulfate) is acidifying and would give the effect you want at two tablespoons per plant.
How do I put coffee grounds on my hydrangea?
Simply layering the coffee grounds on top of the soil is quicker but may result in an ugly pile of mold that looks messy and smells unpleasant. Alternately, dump your coffee grounds into your compost bin and add the compost as part of your twice-yearly fertilizing ritual for your hydrangeas.


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Abstract Background Heterogeneity is a common finding within tumours. We evaluated the imaging features of tumours based on the decomposition of tumoural dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) data to identify their prognostic value for breast cancer survival and to explore their biological importance. Methods Imaging features (n = 14), such as texture, histogram distribution and morphological features, were extracted to determine their associations with recurrence-free survival (RFS) in patients in the training cohort (n = 61) from The Cancer Imaging Archive (TCIA). The prognostic value of the features was evaluated in an independent dataset of 173 patients (i.e. the reproducibility cohort) from the TCIA I-SPY 1 TRIAL dataset. Radiogenomic analysis was performed in an additional cohort, the radiogenomic cohort (n = 87), using DCE-MRI from TCGA-BRCA and corresponding gene expression data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). The MRI tumour area was decomposed by convex analysis of mixtures (CAM), resulting in 3 components that represent plasma input, fast-flow kinetics and slow-flow kinetics. The prognostic MRI features were associated with the gene expression module in which the pathway was analysed. Furthermore, a multigene signature for each prognostic imaging feature was built, and the prognostic value for RFS and overall survival (OS) was confirmed in an additional cohort from TCGA. Results Three image features (i.e. the maximum probability from the precontrast MR series, the median value from the second postcontrast series and the overall tumour volume) were independently correlated with RFS (p values of 0.0018, 0.0036 and 0.0032, respectively). The maximum probability feature from the fast-flow kinetics subregion was also significantly associated with RFS and OS in the reproducibility cohort. Additionally, this feature had a high correlation with the gene expression module (r = 0.59), and the pathway analysis showed that Ras signalling, a breast cancer-related pathway, was significantly enriched (corrected p value = 0.0044). Gene signatures (n = 43) associated with the maximum probability feature were assessed for associations with RFS (p = 0.035) and OS (p = 0.027) in an independent dataset containing 1010 gene expression samples. Among the 43 gene signatures, Ras signalling was also significantly enriched. Conclusions Dynamic pattern deconvolution revealed that tumour heterogeneity was associated with poor survival and cancer-related pathways in breast cancer.
|Date made available||2019|


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Northern Region Small Towns Water and Sanitation Project (NORST)
Sub-Saharan Africa — Ghana
Client: Department of Foreign Affairs, Trade and Development
CowaterSogema is implementing this seven-year project which will provide increased access to potable water and sanitation services in up to 30 selected small towns in the Northern Region of Ghana (approximately 125,000 beneficiaries) through design, installation, and capacity building support for the operation of water supply systems and appropriate sanitation facilities. The project will also provide socio-economic improvement by strengthening local capacity to manage and sustain access to potable water and sanitation services in small towns. Upon completion of the work, the project will have: a) increased the capacity of stakeholders at regional, district and sub-district levels to effectively fulfill their respective roles in the delivery of potable water and sanitation services; and b) constructed water supply and sanitation installations that adequately supply communities. The NORST project will support the implementation of project activities by the authorities and agencies responsible for the delivery of water and sanitation services to small towns in Ghana.


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Dentsu Aegis Network held its annual volunteer initiative, One Day for Change, for the fifth consecutive year, on Friday (11 May).
Staff from 13 markets in Asia Pacific took part (Australia, China, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Korea, Malaysia, New Zealand, the Philippines, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand and Vietnam), and the event continued last year's theme, "Champions for Children". Events focused on helping underprivileged children by building better environments for them to live, play, and learn in. In addition, activities this year focused on bridging the digital divide between the wealthy and the underprivileged.
"As we seek to become a 100% digital economy business, we want to bridge the digital divide in the communities around us," said Nick Waters, CEO of Dentsu Aegis Network Asia Pacific. "Our focus this year is on supporting young people to make the most of the opportunities the digital economy provides, through continuous and sustainable CSR activities. With this, we hope to better equip children from all parts of the community to thrive in today's digital society."
The Singapore team, for example, hosted 60 children at the Asia Pacific headquarters, teaching them about Google, cybersecurity and augmented reality. Hong Kong staff continued a partnership with charitable organisation Po Leung Kuk to provide children the opportunity to explore their creativity and self-expression by using light painting and AR technologies. Malaysia continued a cybersecurity school roadshow for the second year.


Archive for July, 2006
Tabbed Python editing with PythonCard
July 31st, 2006 by Sjan Evardsson
While I have been partial to IDLE for developing Python I recently came across on SourceForge while looking for some help building a Python GUI. While PythonCard has plenty of tools and examples to help with GUI construction, it was the Tabbed Code Editor that really got my attention.
One thing that I look for in any development environment is the ability to open mutiple files in tabs. While IDLE is extremely useable, it lacks this feature. And yes, there are other tabbed IDE's that can parse Python syntax, but none of them seem to do as good of a job as IDLE.
While I can't claim that the PythonCard tabbed editor is as good IDLE in terms of hinting and code completion, (at least as far as Python builtins) it does a rather decent job of that for objects/scripts that are imported.
While I may or may not end up actually building Python GUIs with it, PythonCard has definitely found a permanent place in my toolbox.
Music from chaos
July 15th, 2006 by Sjan Evardsson
A conversation with a coworker the other day got me thinking about ways to make our "noodling" a reality. We were trying to come up with a way to generate random music (defined by octave, step, and duration), while maintaining harmonic relevance. (In other words, we want to create music, not noise.)
We decided we should start with the following propositions:
 - limiting the tones to a pentatonic scale
 - limiting the octave range to that audible to humans
 - limiting the duration of tones to a maximum of one or two whole notes
Beyond that, the discussion turned to how to generate the random values. Since I have been reading about the history of Nonlinear Dynamics (chaos) lately, my first thought was, of course, to generate the values for octave, step and duration by using a set of non-linear equations. So, of course, the first choice would have to be the Lorenz "butterfly" equations.
So, the plan is to calculate the values, convert them to MIDI values and write them out to a file using Python. Since the outcome of the equations relies on the starting conditions (Sensitive Dependence on Initial Conditions – also called the "Butterfly Effect" ) we thought that we could use starting values such as the current Temperature, Barometric Pressure and Humidity, or perhaps Date, Time and processs number, or counting Buicks, Chevys and Fords in the parking lot. Pretty much any 3 starting numbers.
China's Firewall Breached
July 5th, 2006 by Sjan Evardsson
Researchers from the University of Cambridge computer laboratory have announced that they were able to successfully bypass the restrictions of China's firewall, and found a DOS vector at the same time.
Richard Clayton, (UC computer lab) explained that when a keyword is found in a packet. the routers let the traffic through, but send resets to both sides of the connection. Ignoring those injected reset packets at both ends is trivial and renders the firewall completely ineffective.
On the other side of the coin, since the firewall uses stateless packet inspection to search for keywords, a forged packet containing one of these keywords, with a source and destination IP belonging to say, a Chinese goevernment website and a Chinese embassy somewhere, would effectively cut off all communication between those two endpoints for up to an hour. Unless, of course, they are also bypassing the firewall and (by doing so) the restrictions placed by the government they represent.


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The passage of time has brought with it vast alterations to the landscape of Northern Virginia and Fairfax County. Once a sleepy rural area dotted with a few small villages, it has changed into a bustling suburb that is now home to thousands of people. Throughout its history, Fairfax County has hosted presidents, been home to slave traders and been a strategic component in multiple campaigns during the Civil War. "Remembering Fairfax County, Virginia," by longtime local historian Karl Reiner, is a collection of historical vignettes that captures not only the essence of the events and people who have shaped the history of Fairfax County, but also their impact on the Old Dominion. From the influence of presidents such as George Washington to forgotten battles during the Civil War, this collection chronicles the history of Fairfax County during some of the most influential periods in American history.
Title: Remembering Fairfax County, Virginia
Author: Karl Reiner is a 1971 graduate of Thunderbird School of Global Management.
Publisher: The History Press (April 24, 2006; third printing 2010)
Description: Paperback, 128 pages


Two COVID-19 patients discharged from hospital in Tobabo
Two COVID-19 patients discharged from hospital in Tobabo
Two (2) persons have been discharged, reducing the total number of active COVID-19 cases on the island to twenty-six (26).
The following is the clinical update for Tobago as at 10thDecember 2020, 10:00pm:
Number of new cases = 0
Number of discharges = 2
Number of samples submitted to the Tobago Regional Health Authority (TRHA) and other local sites to test for COVID-19 = 2043
Number of samples that tested positive for COVID-19 = 135
Number of active COVID-19 cases = 26
Number of deaths = 2
The public is reminded to practice all preventative and safety measures, which include:
Cover your cough or sneeze with your flexed elbow, or with a tissue, then throw the tissue in the trash and wash your hands.
Stay at home when you are sick and call the hotline at 800-HEAL (4325).
Practice physical distancing (6 feet away from persons).
Clean and disinfect frequently touched


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The National Cancer Institute (NCI) established the Diagnostic Imaging Program (DIP) in October 1996 with David Bragg, M.D., as the first acting director and two full-time staff members. Daniel C. Sullivan, M.D., became the first full-time director in September 1997. The name of the program has changed twice during this time, from the Diagnostic Imaging Program to the Biomedical Imaging Program in 2001 and to the Cancer Imaging Program in 2003, to more clearly reflect the role of the program, both to NCI and to the public. The staff members and administered grants are divided among four branches: the Diagnostic Imaging Branch, the Molecular Imaging Branch, the Image-Guided Intervention Branch, and the Imaging Technology Development Branch. The total amount of grant money administered by the CIP is depicted graphically, below.
Funding Initiatives Announced
Exploratory/Developmental Grants for Diagnostic Cancer Imaging (R21s) first announced
Development and Application of Imaging in Therapeutic Studies (R01)
Development and Testing of Digital Mammography Displays and Workstations (R01/ SBIR/STTR)
Diagnostic Imaging and Guided Therapy in Prostate Cancer. Phased Innovation Award (R21/R33) (SBIR/STTR)
Development of Novel Imaging Technologies (Phased Innovation Award [R21/R33] and SBIR/STTR) first announced
Lung Image Database Resource for Imaging Research (U01)
Ultrasound Research Interface Request for Proposals - Contract awarded to Siemens
Industry-Academic Partnerships for Development of Biomedical Imaging Systems and Methods That Are Cancer Specific (R21)
Instrumentation Grants For Imaging Equipment Used in Clinical Trials: Administrative Supplements to Cancer Center Support Grants
Administrative Supplement Requests: Instrumentation Grants for Small Animal Imaging Equipment
Clinical Cancer Therapy And Prevention Research (R01)
An SBIR/STTR Initiative for Image-Guided Cancer Interventions
A history and discussion of the role of the Cancer Imaging Program as of 2001 is given in Academic Radiology 2002; 9:122-125.
The history of NCI is detailed in the NIH Almanac.


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Karachi Feb 7: Coalition on Right to Information (CRTI) has urged the Sindh government to ensure implementation of Sindh Transparency and Right to Information Act, 2016.
More than one year has elapsed but effective measures like designation of PIOs in public bodies and functionality of Sindh Information Commission is not guaranteed by the provincial government.
Coalition on Right to Information (CRTI) is a coalition of 55 organizations working endlessly for the protection of right to information in Pakistan.
In a joint statement issued to the press by CRTI Partners, CPDI Program Coordinator and PPF Secretary General demanded the following:
- Designation of public information officers in all public bodies of Sindh and (b) strengthening of Sindh Information Commission through financial and administrative empowerment.
- Sindh Information Commission was notified back in May 2018, but it is not financially and administratively empowered till date. With the weak Information Commission and no awareness about people's right to know, the whole process of public access to information is halted in Sindh
It is pertinent to mention here that KP as well as Punjab government along with provincial government of Sindh enacted the Sindh T& RTI Act 2016 in March 2017. This law is progressive and meets the international standards of an effective RTI law that is cost effective access to Information, maximum proactive disclosure, narrowly drawn list of exemptions and effective complaint redressal mechanism etc. but the law still awaits implementation.
The Secretary General of Pakistan Press Foundation said that right to information is a fundamental human right, guaranteed under Article 19-A. He stressed the need of immediate steps for the implementation of Sindh RTI law.
Coalition on Right to Information is a coalition of 55 civil society organizations working towards the enactment and implementation of right to information laws in Pakistan. Its secretariat is based at Centre for Peace and Development Initiatives (CPDI)


ISDH: Ricin
IN.gov - Skip Navigation
Indiana State Department of Health
Public Health Preparedness Home > Chemical Agents > Ricin Facts About Ricin
What is ricin?
 - It is a stable substance. For example, it is not affected much by extreme conditions such as very hot or very cold temperatures.
Where is ricin found, and how is it used?
 - Castor beans are processed throughout the world to make castor oil. Ricin is part of the waste "mash" produced when castor oil is made. Amateurs can make ricin from castor beans.
 - Ricin has some potential medical uses, such as bone marrow transplants and cancer treatment (to kill cancer cells).
How can people be exposed to ricin?
 - People can breathe in ricin mist or powder and be poisoned.
 - Ricin can also get into water or food and then be swallowed.
 - Depending on the route of exposure (such as injection), as little as 500 micrograms of ricin could be enough to kill an adult. A 500-microgram dose of ricin would be about the size of the head of a pin. A much greater amount would be needed to kill people if the ricin were inhaled (breathed in) or swallowed.
How does ricin work?
 - Ricin works by getting inside the cells of a person's body and preventing the cells from making the proteins they need. Without the proteins, cells die, and eventually the whole body can shut down and die.
 - Specific effects of ricin poisoning depend on whether ricin was inhaled, swallowed, or injected.
What are the signs and symptoms of ricin exposure?
 - Inhalation: Within a few hours of inhaling significant amounts of ricin, the likely symptoms would be coughing, tightness in the chest, difficulty breathing, nausea, and aching muscles. Within the next few hours, the body's airways (such as lungs) would become severely inflamed (swollen and hot), excess fluid would build up in the lungs, breathing would become even more difficult, and the skin might turn blue. Excess fluid in the lungs would be diagnosed by x-ray or by listening to the chest with a stethoscope.
 - Ingestion: If someone swallows a significant amount of ricin, he or she would have internal bleeding of the stomach and intestines that would lead to vomiting and bloody diarrhea. Eventually, the person's liver, spleen, and kidneys might stop working, and the person could die.
 - Injection: Injection of a lethal amount of ricin at first would cause the muscles and lymph nodes near the injection site to die. Eventually, the liver, kidneys, and spleen would stop working, and the person would have massive bleeding from the stomach and intestines. The person would die from multiple organ failure.
 - Death from ricin poisoning could take place within 36 to 48 hours of exposure, whether by injection, ingestion, or inhalation. If the person lives longer than 5 days without complications, he or she will probably not die.
How is ricin poisoning treated?
 - No antidote exists for ricin. Ricin poisoning is treated by giving the victim supportive medical care to minimize the effects of the poisoning. The types of supportive medical care would depend on several factors, such as the route by which the victim was poisoned (that is, by inhalation, ingestion, or injection). Care could include such measures as helping the victim breathe and giving him or her intravenous fluids and medications to treat swelling.
How do we know for sure whether people have been exposed to ricin?
 - If we suspect that people have inhaled ricin, a possible clue would be that a large number of people who had been close to each other suddenly developed fever, cough, and excess fluid in their lungs. These symptoms could be followed by severe breathing problems and possibly death.
 - No widely available, reliable test exists to confirm that a person has been exposed to ricin.


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Issue No.03 - July-Sept. (2013 vol.35)
DOI Bookmark: _URL_
This article proposes a methodological approach to the historiography of computing in terms of information hiding--that is, the introduction of levels of abstraction (LoAs) between the human being and the computing machine. This approach applies the LoAs, in terms of the epistemological levelism proposed within the philosophy of information, to the transition from ancient to modern computing. In particular, the black-box metaphor and von Neumann's architectures are discussed. Also, the authors propose a formal LoAs method as a mathematical counterpart. Information itself is then treated as structure-preserving functions so that a LoA can distinguish what kind of information gets hidden when human beings interact with computing machines.
History, Human computer interaction, Mathematics, Information technology, Software engineering, black box metaphor, history of computing, historiography of computing, philosophy of information
"From Ancient to Modern Computing: A History of Information Hiding", IEEE Annals of the History of Computing, vol.35, no. 3, pp. 33-39, July-Sept. 2013, doi:10.1109/MAHC.2013.1


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Since partnering with the Pew-MacArthur Results First Initiative in 2013, four California counties—Fresno, Kern, Santa Barbara, and Santa Cruz—have used evidence-based policymaking to meet the challenges of the state's landmark criminal justice reform effort, the Public Safety Realignment Act (commonly known as Realignment). The law, passed in 2011, has altered the landscape of the state's criminal justice system, transferring responsibility for more than 60,000 offenders to California's 58 counties and requiring county governments to develop facilities, policies, and programs to serve this population. Fresno, Kern, Santa Barbara, and Santa Cruz counties are using rigorous evidence to assess their current strategies and guide funding and policy decisions that will reduce recidivism, with assistance from Results First.
This report documents the progress of these four counties, which are on the cutting edge of a nationwide movement to make data-driven decisions. Over the past two years, each county has made advancements in addressing the challenges posed by Realignment by using the Results First approach to:
- Direct resources toward cost-effective programs shown to work.
- Inform the planning and development of new programs.
- Restructure contracting and grant processes to prioritize evidence-based programs.
- Ensure that programs are delivered with fidelity to practices most likely to produce results.
Download the full issue brief.
Results First: A Model for Cost-Effective Policy Choices
The Results First Initiative, a project of The Pew Charitable Trusts and the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, works with states and localities to develop the tools that policymakers need to identify and invest in effective programs that yield high returns on investment. Using innovative methods that can be customized, Results First partners learn to:
- Create an inventory of currently funded programs.
- Review which programs work.
- Conduct benefit-cost analysis to compare programs' likely return on investment.
- Use evidence to inform spending and policy decisions.
These efforts have helped leaders improve public outcomes, reduce costs, and increase accountability by ensuring that resources go to effective, cost-beneficial approaches.


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The January 2018 Bank of Canada ("BOC") Monetary Policy Report announced strong growth in the Canadian economy during 2017, including near-capacity levels of economic activity. By their estimates, GDP growth came in at around 3% for 2017 with approximately 70% of that growth derived from domestic consumption – a historically normal level of household consumption […]
Just like the measured weight of an object differs in water versus on land, asset valuations, or measurements, are too affected by their own environmental variables. For example, it's a reasonable assumption that an asset valued in a booming market is going to generate a different result than if valued during a downturn. For that […]
Keep posted for our first published article on or around February 18, 2018!


In India, How Do Rooftop Gardens Grow?
HYDERABAD, India -- Can growing vegetables on India's slum rooftops and holding cooking classes in slum alleyways make a difference?
That is the contention of a new program that's about to begin in a 100-acre slum in the capital city of India's southern state of Andhra Pradesh. The country has seen hundreds of programs over the years designed to combat malnutrition. The latest aims to clear out the garbage, create a patchwork of small organic farms to grow vegetables that can be sold in the market, and then employ a team of 23 local women to demonstrate healthy cooking and good food hygiene.
The project is based on research by Erik Simanis, co-director of the "Base of the Pyramid Protocol" at Cornell University in New York, a 3-year-old program that seeks to improve nutrition standards among the poor. He says it aims to develop understanding about the importance of micro-nutrients -- minerals and vitamins traditionally not found in high quantities in India's high-carbohydrate diet.
There's a commercial twist. The project is being funded and supported by The Solae Company, a joint venture of DuPont Co. and Bunge Ltd. Solae is sending employees to help train the cooks and is donating soy protein for the cooking classes in an effort to beef up the nutritional benefits of the meals.
But the program's ultimate goal is to establish a "culinary park network" on the rooftops so local women can grow their own vegetables and then turn surplus into meals for sale. The first gardens will be laid with topsoil in April and the first crops of tomatoes, spices, chilies, eggplant, mushrooms and leafy green vegetables is expected by the end of the year. The slum houses about 100,000 residents.
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Meaning and Origin of: Parrish
Search for Names & Meanings Top 100 Names for Boys Top 100 Names for Girls Last Name History & Meaning Name Popularity Tracker Celebrity Names Search for Names by Trait Browse First Names A-Z Browse Last Names A-Z Browse First Names by Origin Browse Last Names by Origin Baby Name Lists How to Choose a Name
Girl name origins & meanings:
- English : The city
Girl name variations
Family name origins & meanings:
- English (mainly southern) : from the Old French habitational name and personal name Paris (see Paris 1). Parrish is the most common form of the name in English, and is the result of confusion between -s and -sh (compare Norris), reinforced by folk etymological association with the modern English word parish. In the 17th and 18th centuries the surname was occasionally bestowed on foundlings brought up at the expense of the parish.


Kimochi Book: Cat's Not-So-Perfect Sandcastle
Product Number : KI-11
Irresistible Toys With Feelings Inside
Kimochi means "feeling" in Japanese, and that's what these adorable characters and related teaching materials are all about. Each plush character (Cloud, Cat, Bug, Lovey Dove, and Huggtopus) helps children recognize and communicate feelings and comes with three little "pillows" that can be tucked inside a belly pouch. Each pillow has a feeling named on one side and a drawing expressing that feeling on the other side. Extra pillows representing different emotions are also available (in packs of 6 or 33). Constructed of soft polar fleece, these cuddly critters help little ones identify and understand their feelings.
The Kimochis Teacher's Tool Kit includes five plush characters, 29 feelings pillows, a Parent Guide, and a beautifully designed, unbelievably useful Teacher's Manual, brimming with lessons, activities, teachable moments, games, and reproducibles—everything you need to teach emotional intelligence.
In addition, three Kimochis books, Cloud's Best Worst Day Ever, Bug Makes a Splash!, and Cat's Not-So-Perfect Sandcastle offer captivating illustrations and charming stories that reinforce feelings awareness.


In this 45-60 minute high-stakes board game, everyone wins or everyone loses. As they play, groups of three to four children ages 8 to 13 build an understanding of how human actions impact global change. As teams, children play a game in which chance and choice determine the fate of a lone polar bear on an ice floe.


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Masturbasi cause blindness
Myth says masturbasi can cause blindness, male impotence or psychosis. Meanwhile, the woman could have been a lost virginity, not fertile, and not forceful weak. While not entirely correct. In fact masturbasi is a universal activity and has been done since the era of human first. But many do not confess.
Masturbasi according to experts seksologi also reasonably be women. Especially since the emergence of phenomena that make women's freedom over respect body. In principle, do indeed masturbasi can cause feelings of guilt and is seen as weakness.
But on the other hand research shows that they bermasturbasi four times a day for several years will not be suffering from the disease pun.Bahkan what many married men and women also do so. Not because they were not satisfied with the party, but occasionally want fun with the self masturbasi.
However the experts do not recommend very often. All that would be less abundant good. There is no reason to feel guilty doing masturbasi, although already married.
Research has proven that they are often bermasturbasi will have sex more often and the spouse. Often the men and women to feel pleasure as orgasme release stress or just because it does not want to inflame but to the whole process of sex.
Experts think masturbasi is also learn how to create a body including sex couples together so well. Men can use as a way masturbasi control orgasme. Meanwhile, women can learn how easy orgasme. However, opinion is not necessary when masturbasi already perfect in sex is mistaken. In fact, many couples masturbasi together and enjoy.
When Si Small Bermasturbasi
Children, sometimes even five practices have held kelaminnya tool. This phase, known as genital phase. There are two causes of why children often hold kelaminnya tool. Can itch or the lack of hygiene are delicious taste of the tool kelaminnya.
When you left, will take a long time so habit. Some suggestions that parents can do include:
1. Check with the soft. With the parents ask why can mengedukasi what the child is not good.
2. Cuddle and give attention. When the children get enough attention and intimate interaction with their parents, it will be practical teralihkan of the habit. Love of parents is more effective in children than menasehati emphatic way.
3. Ajak play. Divert attention with a toy the child is a rare delight effective. Of course parents should assist so that it does not repeat kebiasaannya.
Avoid errors when some warn that the small holding kelaminnya like:
1. Mempermalukan children. Memarahinya or ridicule in front of other people so that children would be ashamed to do will not make a child stop kebiasaannya. In fact, we can build a false perception on the matter of child sex.
2. Refuse hands of children. No verbal explanation or just turn your hands so that children do not hold kelaminnya tool will not make them understand the location of the error.
3. Bristle with high emotion. When a small tool like holding kelaminnya, most oangtua ashamed and want to show superioritasnya with memarahinya. This would make communication patterns of parents and children become damaged and is not likely the child will bermasturbasi secretly.
Minggu, 25 Januari 2009
Masturbasi cause blindness


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Looking to brighten up your classroom walls or catch the attention of students as they walk along the corridor?
As a response to popular demand, Oxford University has released a series of free and striking classroom display posters based on select images from the First World War Poetry Digital Archive. These include Wilfred Owen's manuscript for 'Anthem for Doomed Youth' and the front cover of 'The Hydra': the magazine created by patients at Craiglockhart Hospital. You will need to create an account in TES Connect to be able to download these but this process is quick and simple only requiring a username and email address; again all free of charge.
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Desert Wheatear: Explore his Natural Habitat
When it comes to the Desert Wheatear that means talking about suffering and Survival methods in deserts and harsh life in dry areas. I will explore with you the life of this bird that masters the art of survival in the desert.
I will take you on an imaginary trip to know all information about this bird and all aspects of its life, how it survives in the harsh desert, the hunting strategies that it uses, its look, and size, from what it brings water and food, and threats and risks it faces and everything about it.
Photo credit: _URL_
Description:
Desert wheatear or (Oenanthe deserti) is a small bird that's found in arid and semi-arid regions with other types of birds such as the Egyptian Nightjar and Desert Sparrow in north Africa and Central Asia, and the middle east. This bird is almost 14cm in length and weighs around 20-25gram.
It has a distinctive appearance in which its back and head are grey and the wings are also grey but there are black parts under it, and there is a black patch around its eyes. The underparts of the bird are white with a black tail and a white patch on its rump. The male and female are similar in all but they are different in size and the male is large a little than the female.
Why is it called Desert Wheatear?
The name "desert wheatear" refers to its appearance, it has a unique appearance as it has a plumage wheat-colored, orange color that makes it aligns with desert and harsh areas views.
And "wheatear" comes from an old English term "white-ære" which means "white-rumped" and refers to the distinctive white patch on the bird's rump.
And "Oenanthe deserti " is the scientific name, it is derived from the Greek words "oinos" which means wine, and "anthros" which means flower, Then the process of combining these two words to give us "Oenanthe" this name refers to a kind of plant genus which includes several species that have aromatic roots and were traditionally used to flavor wine. And "deserti" refers to the original place of this bird And that is the desert.
Are wheatears rare?
Desert wheatear is generally rare and each bird lives in desert and semi-deserts mostly being rare because of the harsh environment that they live in. as it hard to find water and food in empty and harsh areas like deserts Despite all attempts, nature is cruel for it and didn't find the suitable environment to live a healthy life and reproduce in peace.
Why Are Wheatears Rare?
There are many factors that make the wheatears rare from humans and by nature because these small birds live in so hard areas where food and drink are reduced, so hard to find it, and the temperature is so high in summer in these places. And there is another reason for that's the low reproductive rate, which this kind of bird is known by this, which produces low than other kinds of birds this is what makes their number less. And another reason is migration patterns which this type of wheatears move a lot from one place to another in each season of the year since they are vulnerable to threats such as habitat loss and hunting while they move.
There are other factors but this time from humans because humans do some activities that damage this bird and actually others not only, these activities like Human disturbance, this bird is very sensitive and loves calm and quiet places, as the noise of cars and the noise that a person makes in his activities and daily life may make him leave his nest and search for another quiet place suitable for quiet living, but he may have problems while moving and this may affect his reproduction.
There were some factors that can be a reason why wheaters are rare in the desert since we explain two sides, the side from humans and the other side from nature, for that I will say to you birds are cute creatures and peaceful, they make our life and nature so beautiful and makes it a great impression, we should take care about it and to try not to disturb them and perform them.
What are some distinguishing characteristics and behaviors of Desert Weatear?
This bird is different from the other types of birds and against to Pharaoh Eagle Owl because it spends most of its time on the ground looking for wheat, it's founded almost on farms feeding on all of our grain, and wheat and worms are available on the farm.
This wheatear is also known for its distinctive vocalizations, these types of birds have a range of calls and songs that they use to communicate with each other. And they use it in the mating season, where the male uses it to attract the attention of the female, and the process takes place. The female uses a more gentle and soft voice to tell the male that he also likes her and that she is able to mate.
In addition to their vocalizations, physical movements, and visual signals, where, for example, they gather with a group of other birds and display their movements, such as blowing their chests, singing, and spreading their wings, in addition to any pursuit of competition between males. As for females, they use head and tail movements to indicate their interest in a male.
What are the specific strategies that Desert Wheatear uses to bring food and water?
As we know guys this bird lives in deserts where the food is so little, so he must have a strategy to survive in these hard areas to live.
the first strategy is to stay all day looking for dry herbs where it founds some wheatear, these herbs, it gets also some water because these herbs contain water inside although they look solid and echinococcus from the exterior.
the second strategy and food source are insects, under these herbs it founds insects were found in the shadows to protect themselves from the high temperature.
and because of the food and water minority in the desert, they take refuge to save food on their nests in the holes, and they try to not move a lot in midday when the temperature is high to not lose a lot of water.
How does desert wheatear build its nests?
desert whatear nest
Desert Wheatears guys have specific nesting habits and reproductive behaviors suited to their harsh desert environments. They typically construct their nests on the ground, often in protected areas such as crevices, rock formations, or low vegetation. The nests are cup-shaped and constructed using a variety of materials like twigs, grass, and feathers.
The breeding season for Desert Wheatears usually begins in the spring. During this time, the males engage in courtship displays to attract females. These displays often involve singing, flight displays, and various physical movements to showcase their fitness and attractiveness.
Once a male successfully courts a female, they engage in pair bonding, and the female selects a suitable nesting site. The female then lays a clutch of eggs, typically ranging from 3 to 6 eggs, depending on the species and environmental conditions. The eggs are incubated by both the male and female, taking turns to keep the eggs warm until they hatch.
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The development of clinical expertise depends not only on frequent practice opportunities but also on receiving quality feedback, especially regarding difficult aspects of learning. The purpose of this study was to investigate the content and conceptual frameworks of preceptor feedback to residents during case presentations.
The authors conducted a qualitative and correlational study in which 25 clinical preceptors from one Canadian medical school's internal medicine and family medicine residency programs responded to six written, case-based vignettes depicting residents seeking help regarding a variety of educational issues. Preceptors were asked probing follow-up questions about their responses. The authors analyzed response content, conceptual frameworks used in formulating responses, and the correlation between the two.
Overall, the preceptors generated 806 responses, representing 96 distinct topics. The five topics mentioned most frequently related to reading suggestions, leading diagnosis, contrasting clinical findings, patient follow-up, and resident's concerns/feelings about the case. Seventy-three percent of the topics were specific to one or two vignettes. The preceptors used 18 distinct conceptual frameworks in formulating responses (e.g., analytical versus nonanalytical reasoning, problem representation, therapeutic alliance, patient-centered approach). Use of conceptual frameworks was positively associated with greater diversity of responses (r = 0.43, P = .03).
The vignettes stimulated rich and extensive lists of topics and conceptual frameworks. These findings represent but one step in the exploration of the content and conceptual frameworks of preceptor feedback and of the interrelatedness of feedback content and process, which have important implications for teaching and faculty development.


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Computer game offers hope for Parkinson's patients
Queen's University researcher Aarlenne Khan is conducting research to determine if computer and tablet games can help improve cognitive function in people with Parkinson's disease.
Parkinson's patients gradually lose their ability to respond to the world around them as the nerve cells in the brain responsible for dopamine production die off and deprive the body of a key chemical essential for motor skills. Dr. Khan is examining whether training exercises can counteract the symptoms and ultimately slow the progress of the disease.
"Training through cognitive games has been shown to improve brain function in people of all ages so it has a lot of potential to improve function in people with Parkinson's," says Dr. Khan, a postdoctoral fellow at the Centre for Neurosciences Studies at Queen's. "We will use a task that mimics a well-established eye movement task, known as the anti-saccade task."
The experiment requires participants to look away from an object that suddenly appears on a screen. Dr. Khan will observe whether the participants' efforts to control automatic movements over time improve their attention and decision making capabilities.
Participants can complete the test at home using a computer or tablet. Dr. Khan will use a magnetic resonance imaging before and after training to determine if there are any changes in brain matter and efficiency.
Dr. Khan was recently awarded the George F. Ingram Basic Research Fellowship in Honour of Parkinson Society Central & Northern Ontario's Peterborough Chapter. The grant will provide $100,000 over two years in an effort to improve the quality of life of people with Parkinson's disease.


Definition from Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Jump to: navigation, search
text + -man
textman (plural textmen)
 1. (dated) One who is ready to quote texts.
 - Bishop Robert Sanderson
 Men's daily occasions for themselves or friends, and the necessities of common life require the doing of a thousand things within the compass of a few days, for which it would puzzle the best textman that liveth readily to bethink himself of a sentence in the Bible, clear enough to satisfy a scrupulous conscience of the lawfulness and expediency of what he is about to do []


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A leguminous tree or shrub of warm climates, with feathery leaves and plume-like flowers that typically resemble bottlebrushes.
- Genus Albizia, family Leguminosae
More example sentences
- In fact, for those whose sexual dysfunction is emotionally related albizzia can be very effective.
- In its natural habitat tun is found growing in mixed stands comprising other broad-level species like terminalias, albizzias, bombax, ficuses, shisham, acacias, etc.
- A dining room next to the living room, of 26 m², large family table, beautiful chimney with insert, two large French windows facing the sea, the third on to the albizzias.
modern Latin, named after Filippo degli Albizzi, a Tuscan nobleman who introduced the silk tree A. julibrizzen into Italy in the mid 18th century.
Definition of albizzia in:
- The US English dictionary


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A quick and accurate test can tell human blood from animal, without destroying the sample. This could help forensic scientists onsite at hit-and-run crime scenes.
Animal and human blood are identical to the naked eye, but different at a biochemical level. Telling blood samples apart is particularly important in hit-and-run cases when suspects might lie that an incident involved an animal and not a human.
Now, scientists at the University of Albany, US, propose a method that combines spectroscopy and statistics to differentiate human and animal blood. The team first distinguished blood from humans, cats and dogs in 2015. The latest work looks at the blood of pets and species often involved in collisions with vehicles such as deer, rabbits and ferrets.
The team used attenuated total reflection Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy to analyse samples directly, with no preparation needed. The team then applied a genetic algorithm to the resulting spectrum, selecting the most informative spectral regions. The chemical fingerprints of proteins, nucleic acids and carbohydrates were sufficiently different between humans and other animals that they could be told apart with excellent accuracy.
Even though the test can distinguish between human and other animal blood, it's still impossible to tell different non-human animal blood apart – the relevant differences in blood between species are still unknown. With further development, the team says that the test could be a feasible strategy to analyse body fluids at crime scenes.
E Mistek-Morabito et al, Comm. Chem., 2020, DOI: 10.1038/s42004-020-00424-8


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10 Environment and Biosecurity
Recycling rates are generally low across the Scottish islands Local Authorities.
Over 90% of residents across all of the Scottish island groups agreed that they had access to blue or green spaces within a 5 minute walk from their home, compared to only 56% of adults across Scotland, according to the Scottish Household Survey. Greenspaces are a vital part of the landscape. Having easy access to quality greenspace can improve people's quality of life by increasing neighbourhood satisfaction, promoting mental and physical health (including through its association with increased physical activity), and reducing health inequalities.
Recycling rates are generally low in each Scottish island Local Authority (with the exception of North Ayrshire) when compared to the rest of Scotland. Additionally, every island local authority (with the exception of North Ayrshire) has a higher carbon impact from waste than the Scottish Average.
Source: Household Waste Data, Scottish Environment Protection Agency (2021)
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Woods Engineering spends a considerable amount of time assisting clients in determining the condition of, testing, and implementing solutions for building envelope systems including roofs, windows, and wall systems. The following are typical building envelope services that we perform.
1.Condition Surveys and Assessments 2.Roof Moisture Surveys (Infrared Thermographic) 3.Wind Uplift Resistance Testing 4.Design Plans and Specifications 5.Construction Administration Support 6.Construction Inspection 7.Roof Maintenance Plans and Annual Surveys
Wall Systems (including Stucco, EIFS, Siding, Precast) 1.Condition Surveys and Assessments 2.Design Plans and Specifications 3.Construction Administration Support 4.Construction Inspection
Building Envelope Surveys - Determine the general condition of the building envelope system
Water Intrusion Testing of Curtain Wall and Window Systems
Window Fastening Design
Building and Construction Consultants Woods Engineering, 2017