Lora Savenko
An affiliate manager with a passion to write about Mac applications
October 19, 2021
8 minutes to read
Whether you want to stop toggling apps on your notebook or just want to edit your photos on a bigger display, duplicating your screen may be the solution. You can extend your Mac's screen to an external monitor, making it possible to multitask more easily and have room to fully display images and documents. Today we will explain how to duplicate the screen on a Mac and use it in several ways.
Contents:
1. How to extend the display on a Mac
2. How to setup dual monitors on a Mac
3. How to set up a second monitor on a Mac for mirroring
4. How to use your Mac with extended display only
1. Duplicate screen on a Mac
It is possible to extend the screen on a Mac by hooking up a second or a third monitor to your Apple computer. Then, depending on your needs, you can operate several Mac screens in different ways:
 - The dual display Mac will show you separate content;
 - The extended desktop Mac will show you the same content;
 - The second display Mac will become the one and only primary display.
 - Monitors of different sizes
2. Dual monitor setup on a Mac
The first thing we want to tell you is that it is possible to extend your monitor, even if you are not a tech-savvy user. All you need to do before setting up a second monitor is:
 - Check your Apple computer's display specifications. For this, click on the Apple logo in the menu bar → About This MacSupport → in the Mac Resources section, select Specifications. In the next moment, the Apple Specifications page appears in your browser. On this page, under the Graphics and Video section you can find the display capabilities, including the number of external monitors supported and adapters needed.
About this Mac window - Support tab
The next step is to gather your hardware, including the monitor, adapters, and any connecting devices.
 1. Use a serviceable external monitor. You can choose any monitor you'd like, as long as the monitor specs and connector type fit with your display Specifications.
 2. Use a suitable adapter. It is better to use an Apple adapter, as it ensures a stable and correct connection. You can find more about adapters and monitor connectors here.
 3. Take an external keyboard and mouse if you intend to use an external monitor as the main display, while your Mac notebook is in closed-display mode.
As soon as you have everything you need, you can set up and use a dual screen on your Mac. To use a second monitor to extend your Mac's screen and operate two displays with different content, follow the next steps:
 1. Power on your external monitor and hook it up to your Mac.
 2. On your Mac, click on the Apple logo in the menu bar → System PreferencesDisplays. Do not tick the box Mirror Displays unless you want the Mac's second monitor to duplicate the desktop monitor.
 3. System Preferences window - Arrangement tab
 4. Select the Arrangement tab. You will see two displays, which you can move within this tab to arrange their position. Depending on the physical location of your external monitor, you can drag its image from the top, bottom, right, or left within the Arrangement tab. The white bar on one of the displays means that it is your primary display. In this way, the apps appear on the primary display first. You can change the primary display by dragging the white bar to another display within the Arrangement tab.
All these changes take time. Also, be aware that for a few seconds, both displays go black to accept the new settings.
3. Mirror display setup on a Mac
If you want to see on your external monitor the same content as on your Mac, you need to enable Mirror Displays. For this, go to System Preferences → Displays → Arrangement → select Mirror Displays. You can also use a keyboard shortcut Command+Fn+1 to toggle display mirroring on and off.
System Preferences window - Arrangement tab - mirror displays
4. Use the second monitor only on a Mac
If you want to operate your Mac notebook while using an external monitor instead of the built-in display, you can use the closed-display mode. This mode allows you to use the Mac notebook with its lid closed. Even while it appears to be in sleep mode, it isn't.
In addition to the previously-mentioned steps, you will need to connect an external keyboard and mouse, either USB or wireless. To use your Mac notebook with an external monitor as the primary and only display, take the following steps:
 1. Plug in your Mac notebook using the AC power adapter and turn it on.
 2. Hook up a USB keyboard and mouse. If you prefer to use a wireless keyboard and mouse, you should make some changes to the preferences. Go to System PreferencesBluetooth → click on the Turn Bluetooth On button. Connect the wireless keyboard and mouse to your Mac notebook. Then, within the Bluetooth pane, click on the Advanced button → select Allow Bluetooth devices to wake this computer and click OK.
 3. Bluetooth preferences window - Allow Bluetooth devices to wake computer
 4. Power your external monitor.
 5. Connect your Mac to the external monitor.
 6. Check to see if the mirroring option is enabled in the Arrangement tab of the Displays pane. If so, in a brief moment you will see that the external monitor duplicates your Mac notebook's desktop.
 7. Then you can close the notebook lid. If you are using OS X 10.7 and later, the external monitor first becomes blue, then shows you the notebook's display. If you are using OS X 10.6.8 and earlier, click the mouse button or hit any key on the keyboard to wake your Mac notebook and use an external monitor.
 8. Operate your Mac notebook as usual by using the external monitor, keyboard, and mouse.
Depending on the macOS, you can resume operating your Mac notebook using its built-in display:
 1. In OS X 10.7 and later, open the Mac notebook lid. For a few seconds, it flickers to a blue screen but then both displays show the same content.
 2. In OS X 10.6.8 and earlier, click on the Apple logo in the menu bar → select Sleep → then, wake your notebook by opening the lid.
Conclusion
Now you know how to add a second monitor to a Mac and several ways to operate two screens on a Mac. If you have any questions or wish to share your experience with using an external monitor, you are welcome to comment under this post. You can also find useful articles about macOS at our blog.
Scroll to Top


text:
Friday, May 18, 2012
Shelly Kreiczer-Levy (Academic Center of Law & Business - Israel) has posted Inheritance Legal Systems and the Intergenerational Bond (Real Property, Probate, & Trust Law Journal) on SSRN. Here's the abstract:
This article offers an analysis of three legal systems of inheritance: American law, common law family provision, and civil law. It offers a unique reading of these systems by focusing on the role of continuity in inheritance and by stressing the position of potential recipients. It uses the concept of the intergenerational bond to capture the intersection of continuity, property, and the giver–receiver interrelation. It then highlights the role of continuity in each system and explores their different constructions of continuity. Two main conclusions arise. First, each of these systems has a bifocal dimension. Second, these legal systems can be defined along two axes. One axis is the balance between the giver and the receiver. The other is the content of the bond. The balance between testamentary freedom and familial continuity varies among legal systems, but provides a general model for understanding these systems.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text: In 2019, a vertical lift gate failed in Lake Dunlap reservoir, which provides water for Calpine's 1,029 MW natural gas-fired, combined-cycle Guadalupe Power Plant (Guadalupe). This gate failure caused significant water loss in Lake Dunlap, potentially threatening Guadalupe's capability to generate power. Weston performed a water intake resiliency analysis to quickly determine whether Lake Dunlap was still a secure source of water for Guadalupe by analyzing reservoir infrastructure, threat of invasive species, and water supply constraints due to drought. To gather the necessary information, Weston conducted interviews; reviewed as-built drawings and drought-management plans; analyzed the intake and pumping station; evaluated the effect of discharge from the nearby wastewater treatment plant; and investigated the effect of invasive Zebra mussels found in Lake Dunlap. The results yielded findings that Lake Dunlap was still a reliable source of water for Guadalupe. Moreover, discoveries made during the analysis, such as anticipated increases in water discharged from the nearby wastewater treatment plant, offset concerns of drought for long-term water security for Guadalupe.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
How do I comply with the Conflict of Interest in Research policy?
- Complete the required training at _URL_ Investigators use the web-based Collaborative Institutional Training Initiative (CITI) program to complete their conflict of interest training requirement.
- Keep Conflict of Interest education up to date – repeat every four years – or as directed by institutional officials.
- Complete Disclosure of Significant Financial Interests form annually, and update within thirty days when there is a change. Investigators should refer to disclosure instructions from their primary site.
- If you are a Principal Investigator on a project, complete a Principal Investigator Certification form. Investigators should refer to disclosure instructions from their primary site.


text:
Sensor localization is one of the big problems when building large scale indoor sensor networks since GPS is unavailable in indoor environments. Many indoor localization systems have been proposed to tackle the sensor localization problem, yet user cooperation or many anchor nodes are required. In this paper, we propose a sensor localization system using WiFi APs as anchors. WiFi APs are largely installed in indoor environments and are managed by a network system manager. Using WiFi APs as anchors, we can localize sensor nodes without newly deployed anchor nodes. As a first step of our sensor localization system, this paper presents a WiFi AP-RSS monitoring system using sensor nodes. Sensor nodes are equipped with IEEE 802.15.4 (ZigBee) modules, which cannot demodulate WiFi (IEEE 802.11) signals. We therefore developed a cross-technology signal extraction scheme on sensor nodes. We herein describe the design and implementation of our AP-RSS monitoring system. The experimental evaluations show that our AP-RSS monitoring system successfully retrieves AP-RSS with an average error of 1.26 dB.
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
- Computer Science Applications
- Electrical and Electronic Engineering
- Applied Mathematics


Help:Contents import
From semantic-mediawiki.org
This help page explains how the contents import is done with help of the "Importer" feature provided since Semantic MediaWiki 2.5.0Released on 14 March 2017 and compatible with MW 1.23.0 - 1.29.x..1 In short, import is done upon Installation of Semantic MediaWiki from legitimate files located in the directory specified with configuration parameter $smwgImportFileDirsSets the contents import directory for legitimate files to be imported upon Installation of Semantic MediaWiki which are available in the .json format (currently no other formats are supported) and contain the version specified with configuration parameter $smwgImportReqVersionSets the contents import file version for legitimate files to be imported upon Installation of Semantic MediaWiki. After every import maintenance script setupStore.phpAllows to set up the data backend/store has to be run.
Preselected import content is defined in the "vocabulary.json" file and includes "Smw import skos", "Smw import foaf", "Foaf:knows", "Foaf:name" and "Foaf:homepage".
The objective of the Importer is to provide a simple mechanism for deploying data structures and support information in a loose yet structured form during the installation (setup) process.
Import definitions
$smwgImportFileDirs defines import directories from where content can be imported.
Import definitions are defined using a JSON format which provides the structural means and is considered easily extendable by end-users.
The import files are sorted and therefore sequentially processed based on the file name. In case where content relies on other content an appropriate naming convention should be followed to ensure required definitions are imported in the expected order.
Default definitions
Preselected import content is defined in the "default.json" file and includes:
 - "Smw import skos"
 - "Smw import owl"
 - "Smw import foaf"
 - "Foaf:knows"
 - "Foaf:name" and
 - "Foaf:homepage"
It should be noted that default.json is not expected to be the authority source of content for a wiki and is the reason why the option canReplace is set false so that pre-existing content with the same name and namespace is not replaced.
Custom definitions
It is possible to define one or more custom import definitions using $smwgImportFileDirs with a custom location (directory) from where import definitions can be loaded.
$GLOBALS['smwgImportFileDirs']['movie-actor-vocab'] = __DIR__ . '/import/movie-actor';
$GLOBALS['smwgImportFileDirs']['custom-vocab'] = __DIR__ . '/custom';
Fields
JSON schema and fields:
 - description short description about the purpose of the import (used in the auto summary)
 - page the name of a page without a namespace prefix
 - namespace literal constant of the namespace of the content (e.g. NS_MAIN, SMW_NS_PROPERTY ... )
 - contents it contains either the raw text or a parameter
 - importFrom link to a file from where the raw text (contains a relative path to the $smwgImportFileDirs)
 - options
 - canReplace to indicate whether content is being allowed to be replaced during an import or not
The $smwgImportReqVersion stipulates the required version for an import and only definitions that match that version are permitted to be imported.
Examples
XML import
It is possible to use MediaWiki's XML format as import source when linked from the importFrom field (any non MediaWiki XML format will be ignored).
The location for the mentioned custom.xml is relative to the selected $smwgImportFileDirs directory.
{
 "description": "Custom import",
 "import": [
 {
 "description" : "Import of custom.xml that contains ...",
 "contents": {
 "importFrom": "/xml/custom.xml"
 }
 }
 ],
 "meta": {
 "version": "1"
 }
}
{
 "description": "Template import",
 "import": [
 {
 "description" : "Template to ...",
 "page": "Template_1",
 "namespace": "NS_TEMPLATE",
 "contents": "{{{1}}}, {{{2}}}",
 "options": {
 "canReplace": false
 }
 },
 {
 "description" : "Template with ...",
 "page": "Template_2",
 "namespace": "NS_TEMPLATE",
 "contents": {
 "importFrom": "/templates/template-1.tmpl"
 },
 "options": {
 "canReplace": false
 }
 }
 ],
 "meta": {
 "version": "1"
 }
}
Import process
During the setup process, the Installer will automatically run and inform about the process which will output something similar to:
Import of default.json ...
 ... replacing MediaWiki:Smw import foaf contents ...
 ... skipping Property:Foaf:knows, already exists ...
Import processing completed.
If not otherwise specified, content (a.k.a. pages) that pre-exists are going to be skipped by default.
Technical notes
SMW\Importer
│ └─ ContentCreators
│ ├─ DispatchingContentCreator
│ ├─ XmlContentCreator
│ └─ TextContentCreator
│
├─ ImporterServiceFactory # access to import services
├─ ContentIterator
├─ ContentCreator
├─ JsonContentIterator
├─ JsonImportContentsFileDirReader
└─ ContentModeller
 - SMW::SQLStore::Installer::AfterCreateTablesComplete provides the hook and is the event to execute the import during the setup
 - ImporterServiceFactory access to import services
 - Importer is responsible for importing contents provided by a ContentIterator
 - ContentIterator an interface to provide access to individual ImportContents instances
 - JsonContentIterator implements the ContentIterator interface
 - JsonImportContentsFileDirReader provides contents of all recursively fetched files from a location (e.g$smwgImportFileDirs setting ) that meets the requirements
 - ContentModeller interprets the JSON definition and returns a set of ImportContents instances
 - ContentCreator an interface to specify different creation methods (e.g. text, XML etc.)
 - DispatchingContentCreator dispatches to the actual content creation instance based on ImportContents::getContentType
 - XmlContentCreator support the creation of MediaWiki XML specific content
 - TextContentCreator support for raw wikitext
See also
References
 1. ^ Semantic MediaWiki: GitHub pull request gh:smw:2289


The cells_column_labels() function is used to target the table's column labels when applying a footnote with tab_footnote() or adding custom style with tab_style(). The function is expressly used in each of those functions' locations argument.
cells_column_labels(columns)
Arguments
columns
The names of the column labels that are to be targeted.
Value
A list object with the classes cells_column_labels and location_cells.
Details
When using any of the location helper functions with an appropriate function that has a locations argument, multiple locations can be targeted by enclosing several cells_*() helper functions in a list(). The following helper functions can be used to target cells (roughly in order from the top to the bottom of a table):
 - cells_title(): targets the table title or the table subtitle depending on the value given to the groups argument ("title" or "subtitle").
 - cells_stubhead(): targets the stubhead location, a cell of which is only available when there is a stub; a label in that location can be created by using the tab_stubhead() function.
 - cells_column_spanners(): targets the spanner column labels, which appear above the column labels.
 - cells_column_labels(): targets the column labels.
 - cells_row_groups(): targets the row group labels in any available row groups using the groups argument.
 - cells_stub(): targets row labels in the table stub using the rows argument.
 - cells_body(): targets data cells in the table body using intersections of columns and rows.
 - cells_summary(): targets summary cells in the table body using the groups argument and intersections of columns and rows.
 - cells_grand_summary(): targets cells of the table's grand summary using intersections of columns and rows
Figures
Function ID
7-8
See also
Examples
# Use 'sza' to create a gt table; add a # header and then add footnotes to the # column labels with 'tab_footnote()' and # 'cells_column_labels()' in 'locations' tab_1 <- sza %>% dplyr::filter( latitude == 20 & month == "jan" & !is.na(sza) ) %>% dplyr::select(-latitude, -month) %>% gt() %>% tab_footnote( footnote = "True solar time.", locations = cells_column_labels( columns = vars(tst) ) ) %>% tab_footnote( footnote = "Solar zenith angle.", locations = cells_column_labels( columns = vars(sza) ) )


text: The flexible pipes are widely used in the oil and gas industry to transport petroleum products. The pipe might burst fails when a large internal fluid pressure acts on the pipe, and the consequences are disastrous. In order to ensure the security and reliability of flexible pipes in the application, the mechanical responses of the pipe subjected to high pressure loads should be carefully estimated. The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the burst pressure of the pipe. Based on the principle of virtual work, a theoretical model for stress and deformations of the pipe is established, which takes the material plasticity into consideration. In addition, a finite element model is developed by ABAQUS to verify the feasibility of the theoretical model. According to the verified model, it is efficient to predict the burst pressure and design its cross-section economically with its serving conditions.


text:
The importance of timescales for the emergence of environmental self-regulation
Models which explore the possibilities of emergent self-regulation in the Earth system often assume the timescales associated with changes in various sub-systems to be predetermined. Given their importance in guiding the fixed point dynamics of such models, relatively little formalism has been established. We analyse a classic model of environmental self-regulation, Daisyworld, and interpret the original equations for model temperature, changes in insolation, and self-organisation of the biota as an important separation of timescales. This allows a simple analytical solution where the model is reduced to two states while retaining important characteristics of the original model. We explore the consequences of relaxing some key assumptions. We show that increasing the rate of change of insolation relative to adaptation of the biota shows a sharp transition between regulating, and lifeless states. Additionally, in slowing the rate of model temperature change relative to the adapting biota we derive expressions for the damping rate of fluctuations, along with a threshold beyond which damped oscillations occur. We relax the assumption that seeding occurs globally by extending this analysis to solve a two-dimensional cellular automata Daisyworld. We conclude by reviewing a number of previous Daisyworld models and make explicit their respective timescales, and how their behaviour can be understood in light of our analysis.
Life sciences simulation: Ecology


text:
Abstract: This research investigates how cues describing the authors of user-generated online science articles in blogs, and indications about whether the articles are 1-sided or 2-sided, affect others' decision about which content to read. It extended the elaboration likelihood model (ELM; Petty & Cacioppo, 1986), to predict whether better-quality arguments and individuals' need for cognition affected their content selections. In 2 experiments, 121 parents were asked to search for information on a blog concerning the effects of violent media. Results showed a general preference for texts composed by users with greater expertise and for 2-sided messages. Need for cognition magnified the effect of message sidedness, suggesting that the ELM is relevant for blogs and the selection of user-generated science stories.
Link: click here


text:
Facebook tops list of most restricted social media apps
Facebook is the most frequently restricted social media app by governments around the world.
It is according toInternet shutdown tracker, compiled by cybersecurity firm Surfshark. The tracker was developed in partnership with internet watchdog Netblocks, which says cases of social media censorship this year have spread to every continent.
In the first half of 2022, Surfshark recorded six incidents in five countries: Brazil, Burkina Faso, Sri Lanka and Zimbabwe all shut down their social networks once, and Russia twice, with one case still ongoing. .
The report states, "46% of the world's population has been affected by government-imposed Facebook restrictions over the past seven years.
"Twitter and WhatsApp follow the app, with the latter being the most censored VOIP app. Governments have also targeted Instagram, Telegram and YouTube.
"Currently, 16 of the 196 countries and territories analyzed restrict access to social media or VOIP services. Most of the current restrictions (12) are recorded in Asian countries.
The most common reasons for censorship were political unrest and protests, the report said.
Internet surveillance, censorship and restrictions are becoming the new normal for some governments in their fight against political unrest, analysts say.
However, the study notes that overall internet restriction cases decreased by 14% worldwide in the first half of this year, from 84 in the second half of 2021 to 72.
Surfshark research tracks partial and complete internet and social media shutdowns in 196 countries and territories from 2015 to present.
According to the Surfshark study, 5.7 billion people in 76 countries have been deprived of internet access since 2015.
Commenting on the latest report, Alp Toker, CEO of Netblocks, said, "The slight decrease in internet shutdowns seen nationwide in early 2022 follows an unprecedented period of internet addiction during the pandemic.
"Yet this is not a respite – around the world the general decline in freedoms continues, which is why it is essential to monitor and support human rights and democracy in the digital sphere. "
Agneska Sablovskaja, Principal Researcher at Surfshark, adds, "We are seeing a positive trend of internet restriction cases going down this semester. Nonetheless, the number of countries using internet outages as a weapon to silence citizen unrest remains worrying. Most cases are national or local in scale where the internet is slowed down or completely shut down, leaving its inhabitants without most of their means of communication.


This short tutorial will show you how to use a quick WHERE statement to filter your records so it only shows whilst the date column in the table is either greater or equal to the current day. Create your Recordset as normal.
For the WHERE statement, use the below text, to show your records whilst the date column is greater or equal then the current day.
Change table to your table name and column to the column which contains your records date.
Using Access
WHERE (((table.column)>=Date()))
Using SQL server 2000
WHERE (((table.Column)>=getdate()))
If you are using Dreamweaver MX, you will need to change the Recordset to the Advanced view, and alter the WHERE statement to the text above


text:
Build a Wren and Chickadee Box
NOTICE: Please read all directions before beginning any new woodworking project!
The 1 1/8-inch hole size is adapted to the needs of house, Bewick and Carolina wrens and chickadees. If you only want to attract house wrens, the hole can be reduced to 7/8 inch (the diameter of a quarter). The 3 1/2 x 4-inch interior dimensions are minimal, and some people prefer a 4 x 4-inch interior size.
For wrens, mount the house 6 to 8 feet high; for chickadees, it can be slightly higher, up to ten feet. If the box is nailed to a tree, use aluminum nails and leave the heads protruding 1/4 to 1/2 inch to allow for tree growth. Clean the box after each nesting. Several of these houses may be erected in a yard. Space them 20 to 50 feet apart. Wrens build two or more nests per year, but they rarely use the same box twice in a season, preferring to nest in a different box. Male wrens also sometimes attract two females into their territory. The males may put twigs in all the houses, but the females pick the box for nesting. Also, there is competition between chickadees and wrens. Chickadees nest first, and the late-arriving wrens may attempt to destroy their nests. Several houses, well spaced, help provide enough room for both species.
Wrens arrive about April 10-20, after wintering in the southern United States. Clutch size usually is six to eight eggs. Incubation is about 15 days, and age to first flight is another 15 days. Two or more broods per year are normal.
Chickadees are year-round residents of Missouri, and we have both the black-capped and Carolina chickadees. Nesting begins in late March and early April. One clutch of five to eight eggs is common. Incubation is from 11 to 13 days, and first flight is made 14 to 18 days after hatching. Chickadees prefer wooded areas.
Paper wasps or ants may be a problem. Inspect and clean vacant boxes.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Lorentz force
physics, mathematical physics, philosophy of physics
Surveys, textbooks and lecture notes
theory (physics), model (physics)
experiment, measurement, computable physics
The Lorentz force is the force excerted in a particle that is charged under the electromagnetic field.
See relativistic particle for details.
In Kaluza-Klein compactifications
If one models the electromagnetic field via the Kaluza-Klein mechanism as a field of gravity on a fiber bundle, then trajectories of charged particles subject to the Lorentz force in the base space of that bundle are euivalently just geodesics on the total space, e.g. (Bleecker 81). An exposition of this fact is in (Bartlett 13).
The generalization to the spinning particle is discussed for instance in
Discussion of Lorentz force from the point of view of the Kaluza-Klein mechanism is in
and exposition is in
Revised on September 22, 2013 19:06:06 by Urs Schreiber (


saker.build Documentation TaskDoc JavaDoc
Task caching
The build cache facility of saker.build is still work in progress. See Build cache.
The build system provides the functionality of caching the results of tasks. When tasks can be cached, the build system will attempt to retrieve its results from a shared cache database and make them available in the build system without actually invoking the associated task.
See also: Build cache.
In order for a task to be cacheable, they need to declare the capability that allows the build system to handle the task in a cacheable way. This capability can be reported by overriding the appropriate function of TaskFactory. See Task capabilities.
Tasks which want to be cacheable are recommended to adhere to the following restrictions:
 - The task identifier for the task should have a stable hashCode. This means that the task identifier should return the same hash code for the same objects between different executions of the Java process. This usually requires that the task identifier doesn't derive its hash code from the identity hash code, class hash code, or in any way runtime dependent values. With that in mind, enums cannot be used as task identifiers, because their hash code is not stable.
 - The task cannot wait on the result of another task, but it can only retrieve its finished results. This means that the task may only use the finished result retrieval methods of other tasks. This requirement is aligned with the computation token usage.
The above restrictions are not hard restrictions, meaning that in case of their violation, the build runtime will not throw an exception, but just ignore the task instance for possible build cache usage.
The above restrictions are required in order to provide an efficient and sane implementation for the build system, and may be lifted in the future, but task implementations should align their behaviour with these in place nonetheless.
As a general rule of thumb, only tasks should report this capability which do more work than the time it takes to retrieve their results from a network cache. That is, the time the task computation takes should outweight the network communication times.


text: David Lehman is an Associate Professor of Commerce and Verizon Professor of Commerce at the McIntire School of Commerce at the University of Virginia. He studies basic questions related to organizational theory. One stream of his research focuses on organizational learning from performance feedback, with an emphasis on understanding the roles of risk taking, routines, rules, and time in organizational decision making. The other stream focuses on organizational identity, with an emphasis on understanding how audiences perceive and value authenticity in organizational products and services. He has conducted his research in a variety of domains, including professional sports, food and dining, and healthcare.


text:
Definition of anaemia
a. - A morbid condition in which the blood is deficient in quality or in quantity. 2
The word "anaemia" uses 7 letters: A A A E I M N.
No direct anagrams for anaemia found in this word list.
Words formed by adding one letter before or after anaemia (in bold), or to aaaeimn in any order:
s - anaemias
Shorter words found within anaemia:
aa ae ai aim ain am ama amain amen ami amia amie amin amine amnia an ana ane anemia ani anima anime em en in ma mae main man mana mane mania me mean men mi mien mina minae mine na nae nam name ne nema nim
List shorter words within anaemia, sorted by length
All words formed from anaemia by changing one letter
Browse words starting with anaemia by next letter


text:
The effect of different impedance loading on a moving coil phono cartridge frequency response. The audible effects of using an overly high load impedance setting can typically be a lack of low frequencies, a slightly hard or "unmusical" sound with poor imaging.
What does cartridge loading mean?
Define MC load; the resistance added across the coil portion of the cartridge, normally added at or in the phono amplifier. This means that a resistance value must be applied to the cartridge coil to get the best most accurate sound possible.
Do moving coil cartridges sound better?
They are preferred by audiophiles due to their measurable and subjectively better performance, however. The moving coil cartridge produces a low output level which requires an additional stage of gain to play at sufficient volume.
How important is cartridge loading?
For an MC cartridge resistance loading is very important. The manufacturer will give a recommendation range (usually). Load it with too little resistance and the sound will be too bass heavy and rolled off at the top end. Too much resistance and the treble becomes more prominent.
How is cartridge output measured?
Remove any wires connected to the cartridge.
Set the ohmmeter so it can read up to 10,000 ohms.
Connect the ohmmeter leads to the white pin (L) and the blue pin (LG).
Connect the ohmmeter leads to the red pin (R) and the green pin (RG).
Connect the ohmmeter leads to the white pin and the red pin.
How does a phono cartridge work?
Cartridges turn movement into signal with a magnet attached to the top end of the cantilever (the thin rod with the stylus at its tip). When the stylus moves the cantilever moves the magnet and this induces a voltage in a coil of wire placed very close to it.
How do I know if a cartridge is compatible?
If you're unsure, take a look at the end of your turntable's tonearm (the part you lift and set on the vinyl to play the music). If you see screws mounting the cartridge to the end of the arm, then the cartridge can be replaced. If you don't see any screws, then you'll only be able to replace the stylus.
How do I choose a moving coil cartridge?
The key to choosing a cartridge is whether you want a moving-magnet (MM) or moving-coil (MC) design-both great, but for completely different reasons. In a moving-magnet cartridge, the magnet is attached directly to the tiny cantilever that holds the stylus. The magnet sits adjacent to two coils of wire.
What does 100pF mean?
100pF = 0.1nF. 1000pf = 1 nF. 100nF = 0.1µF. When designing circuits or using capacitors in any way, it is often useful to have these capacitor conversions in mind as values transition from picofarads to nanofarads and then nanofarads to microfarads.
What should the impedance be for a moving coil cartridge?
The good news is that the likely fixed load impedance will be between 50 and 100 ohms – a useful ballpark figure suitable for many moving coil cartridges. The bad news is that you may need a different cartridge or more flexible pre-amp or transformer after all.
Is it possible to step up the voltage of a moving coil?
The moving coil cartridge is a truly low impedance voltage generator. Because of this it is possible to use a transformer to step up the voltage by factors of 10 or more times without causing any impedance interface problems with conventional phono preamplifiers.
Can you amplify a moving coil phono cartridge?
It is difficult to amplify the microvolt level signals present at the output of most moving coil phono cartridges without adding audible noise. With transistor-based preamplifiers it is possible to do so using special techniques; it is even more difficult to do with tubes.
Why are moving coil cartridges not prone to resonance?
In the case of moving-coil cartridges, their coil inductance is so much lower than their moving-magnet counterparts that capacitance will have little effect on the frequency response unless grossly excessive capacitance is added – the circuit would be not so prone to resonance because of the low inductance of the cartridge. Summary.


Mother of Three and Widow of the Nation: The Hungarian Mrs Vachott (1828–96) as Protégé-Editor
 - Zsuzsa Török Research Centre for the Humanities, Institute for Literary Studies, Budapest
This article focuses on the editorial undertakings of the Hungarian Mária Csapó (1828–96), better known as Mrs Vachott. Using her personal correspondence, memoirs, and the magazines she edited, the article traces the particularities of Mrs Vachott's career as an author and periodical editor. It does so by examining her performed identities in real life and as editor of various magazines. Furthermore, it intends to demonstrate that Mrs Vachott's professional endeavours were defined and shaped by a personal loss that eventually became her strongest symbolic capital in building up a literary career. Finally, the article suggests that Mrs Vachott's case offers valuable insights into the types of editorial roles that women inhabited during the nineteenth century.


Digital WarRoom Help Center
Overlaying Metadata
Documents produced by other parties in the litigation may come in the form of structed eDiscovery productions with fielded data included in the DAT file. This file is designed to contain any chosen fields of data being transferred with the documents. Common fields include Custodian, To, From, CC, Sent Date, Modified Date, Created Date, Titles, Extensions and Path.
This option can also be used to incorporate "coding" when migrating from other eDiscovery platforms or done outside of Digital WarRoom. The DAT file must contain a "load file key" which is a field that matches with the Digital WarRoom ID number, Bates number or XREF number. Native File and OCR File are usually included as well as those fields are necessary for loading documents in other eDiscovery tools but can be ignored with Digital WarRoom.
To overlay metadata onto a set of documents:
Right-click on the filter tree and select Overlay Metadata from the menu that appears.
Using the Browse button, navigate to the location of the load file (either.dat or.csv). Once the load file has been specified, the source fields are auto-populated in the Overlay Metadata dialog.
From the Load File Key Column drop down, select the field of the load file that contains the unique record identifier in order to map to the records in the database; typically this is the document's starting Bates number. The Load File Key Column must contain values unique to each file in the collection.overlay
Create the mappings between fields in the load file and data column by dragging the load file's Source field names to the right-hand side and dropping them in the First or Second columns. This is aided by having some familiarity with the load file's contents. For example, knowing that document file extensions were included in a load file field called EXT, one would pair EXT with the "Extension" DWR column.
When providing a mapping in both the First and Second columns of any given row, the specified source fields will be concatenated together into the single DWR column. This action is most commonly used for load files providing Date and Time in two separate fields where it is displayed in DWR in a single field. When Email Subject is supplied in a separate field from Title the tool will load from Title first and if blank will then load the Email Subject.
When done identifying mappings, click Apply to update the database. The dialog's progress bar will show that the process is complete.
"Use region and language" check box allows for the selection from a drop down of different cultures that reflect different naming conventions for fields such as dates. For example, the date January 1st, 2018 would appear in English (United States) as 1/31/2018 whereas the date in French would appear as 31/1/2018.


text:
Tunable and injection-switchable erbium-doped fiber laser of line structure
2007 (English)In: Microwave and optical technology letters (Print), ISSN 0895-2477, E-ISSN _PHONE_, Vol. 49, no 4, 765-768 p.Article in journal (Refereed) Published
A tunable and injection-switchable erbium-doped fiber (EDF) laser is proposed based on a line structure formed by a fiber Sagnac loop reflector and an fiber Bragg grating (FBG). Wavelength switching is achieved by controlling the power of the tunable injection laser. The self-seeded wavelength corresponding to the Bragg wavelength of the FBG can be tuned by, for example, heating the FBG, and the injection wavelength can be tuned over a wide range of about 50 nm. The characteristics of the wavelength switching for different levels of the EDF pump power and different wavelengths of the injection laser are studied experimentally. The present fiber laser has the advantages of tunability, stability, low amplified spontaneous emission noise, and high injection efficiency when compared with a fiber ring laser. Rapid wavelength switching is expected and the transient switching response of the laser is also studied.
Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2007. Vol. 49, no 4, 765-768 p.
tunable, injection, switchable, line structure, erbium-doped fiber laser, high-birefringence fiber, ring laser, grating cavities, cascaded fiber
Atom and Molecular Physics and Optics
IdentifiersURN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-16455DOI: 10.1002/mop.22262ISI: 000244964500007ScopusID: 2-s2.0-34047195304OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-16455DiVA: diva2:334497
QC 201005252010-08-052010-08-052013-11-19Bibliographically approved


AAA, NAC, Guest Access & BYOD
How do I perform a graceful reboot on an NAC appliance configured in High Availability or Hot Standby?
Product and Software: This article applies to all ECS product and software versions.
If at any point the need to reboot any of the NAC appliances in a High Availability configuration arises, a graceful reboot is mandatory. Improperly rebooting an appliance may cause the system to go into a fail-over state.
This solution describes the proper way to reboot NAC appliances that are set up in a High-Availability or Hot Standby configuration. Different procedures are followed based on which appliance needs to be rebooted.
Important: Do not power off your NAC appliance by pulling the plug or pressing the Power Off switch. This action could jeopardize the database on the NAC appliance. Performing a graceful reboot provides the safest way to reset the appliance and avoid corrupting the database.
In general, you will be rebooting the primary server(s) first, then wait for them to become fully functional before rebooting the secondary server(s).
Requirements
 - PuTTY or other ssh software
 - Admin or greater access privileges
Procedure #1 (Rebooting either of the primary NAC appliances)
1) Connect to the primary NAC Control Server or NAC Server appliance CLI using ssh.
2) Log in as admin.
3) Run the following command to shut down the NAC product and database:
shutdownCampusMgr
4) Wait 15-20 seconds.
5) Connect to each (secondary) NAC Appliance's CLI using ssh and view the current 'processManager' log file (example: 'ssh <hostname secondary>').
6) If you have a 1U appliance:
a. Type:
cd /bsc/logs/processManager
b. Type:
tail –f output.processManager.<most current file date>
If you have a 2U/4U appliance:
a. Type:
 cd /bsc/campusMgr
b. Type:
 tail –f output.masterProcess.<most current file date>
7) Verify that the secondary appliance is in Idle(true) mode. Look for the line of text that looks like this:
(Slave) Master In Control Idle(true)
If you find that the secondary NAC appliance is not in Idle mode, go back to the primary NAC Control Server and reissue the command:
shutdownCampusMgr
8) Once Idle mode has been verified, continue.
Do the following step if you have a NAC Application Server; otherwise, skip the next step.
9) In a console window, connected to the primary NAC application server and run one of the following commands to reboot:
sudo reboot
or
sudo init 6
10) In a console window, connect to the primary NAC Control Server of the NAC Server and run one of the following commands to reboot:
sudo reboot
or
sudo init 6
11) Verify proper operation of the primary servers before moving on to reboot the secondary servers.
Procedure #2 (Rebooting Either of the Secondary NAC Appliances)
1) Verify proper operation of the primary servers before moving on to reboot the secondary servers.
2) Connect to the secondary NAC Control Server or NAC Server appliance that is to be rebooted using ssh.
3) Run one of the following commands to reboot:
sudo reboot
or
sudo init 6
4) Repeat the process for each secondary NAC appliance that needs rebooting.
Validation
1) Access the NAC GUI and log in.
2) Access different functions to verify that the device is working correctly.
3) Visit the Events page to review if any errors have been encountered upon reboot.

Version history
Revision #:
1 of 1
Last update:
06-30-2014 05:52 PM
Updated by:

Contributors
Search Airheads
Showing results for
Search instead for
Did you mean:
Is this a frequent problem?
Request an official Aruba knowledge base article to be written by our experts.


text: This paper introduces the basic information of dam failures in China and analyzes representative major dam failure events in different eras. Systematic statistic analysis has been carried out for 3558 dams that failed in history ever since dam failure record was first available in 1954, as well as the life loss data, according to the era, dam scale, dam type, dam height, season, construction and operation period, and geographic region. It reveales the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics and social attributes of dam failures and their loss of lives, summarizes and analyzes the main reasons of dam failures. Based on the statistical analysis, dam failure lessons have been summed up, and countermeasures to prevent dam failure have been proposed. The results of this paper have reference significance for further improving the prevention and control system of reservoir dam failure in China and strictly preventing dam failure accidents.


text:
No matter how healthy a pine tree may be, it will shed it's oldest needles every year. They become brown before they fall from the tree. A pine tree with brown needles, only on the bottom branches, however, may not be indicative of a normal shed. There are several reasons why a pine tree could begin to die and start drying out from the bottom up. Here, you may find your answer as to why your pine tree may dying and drying from the bottom up, as well as some possible solutions for the cause of it.
- Pines need sunshine to flourish, and branches that don't get sun exposure can die
- Water stress in pines can cause needles to die. Lower branches may die from water stress in order to prolong the life of the rest of the tree.
- You can help your pine with blight by clipping out diseased sections. Then spray a fungicide on the pine in springtime
"If you see so many dead needles on lower pine branches that it looks like they are dying, it may be for lack of sunlight. Trimming nearby shade trees may help."


text:
The article presents a list of algal species and cyanobacteria found in the continental waters of Israel in 1898–2022. Research progressed in 2000–2022 by increasing the list from 1261 to 1628 species belonging to fourteen phyla. Taxonomic analysis shows that diatoms, cyanobacteria, and green algae predominated. The first-time data has been synthesized to identify the indicator properties of Israel's aquatic flora carried out on algae and cyanobacteria, which can be used to monitor water quality. The species' ecological preferences are given for ten environmental variables: substrate preference, temperature, oxygen saturation with water mobility, water pH preferences, water salinity, organic pollution according to Watanabe and Sládeček with species-specific index of saprobity S, trophic state, and type of nutrition (autotrophic or heterotrophic). This list of species with indicator values for each species is used to characterize the water properties in Israel. In addition, it can be applied to assess the state of aquatic ecosystems and monitor water quality based on bioindication methods.
Bibliographical noteFunding Information:
Acknowledgments: This work was partly supported by the Israeli Ministry of Aliyah and Integration. We are also thankful to Olena Cherniavska for technical assistance.
© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Ecological Modeling
- Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous)
- Nature and Landscape Conservation


DEV Community
Honeybadger Staff for Honeybadger
Posted on • Originally published at honeybadger.io
How ActiveRecord Uses Caching To Avoid Unnecessary Trips To The Database
This article was originally written by Jonathan Miles on the Honeybadger Developer Blog.
A general way to describe caching is storing the result of some code so that we can quickly retrieve it later. In some cases, this means storing a computed value to avoid needing to recompute it later. However, we can also cache data by simply keeping it in memory, without performing any computations, to avoid having to read from a hard drive or perform a network request.
This latter form is particularly relevant for ActiveRecord, where the database often runs on a separate server. Thus, all requests incur network-traffic overhead, not to mention the load placed on the database server when the query is performed again.
Fortunately, for Rails developers, ActiveRecord itself already handles a lot of this for us, perhaps without us even being conscious of it. This is nice for productivity, but sometimes, it's important to know what is being cached behind-the-scenes. For example, when you know (or expect) a value is being changed by another process, or you absolutely must have the most up-to-date value. In cases like these, ActiveRecord provides a couple of 'escape hatches' to force an uncached read of the data.
ActiveRecord's Lazy Evaluation
ActiveRecord's lazy evaluation is not caching per se, but we will be encountering it in code examples later on, so we'll provide a brief overview. When you construct an ActiveRecord query, in many cases, the code does not issue an immediate call to the database. This is what allows us to chain multiple .where clauses without having to hit the database each time:
@posts = Post.where(published: true)
# no DB hit yet
@posts = @posts.where(publied_at: Date.today)
# still nothing
@posts.count
# SELECT COUNT(*) FROM "posts" WHERE...
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode
There are some exceptions to this. For example, when using .find, .find_by, .pluck, .to_a, or .first, it is impossible to chain additional clauses. In most of the examples below, I will be using .to_a as a simple way to force a DB call.
Note that if you are experimenting with this in a Rails console, you will need to turn off 'echo' mode. Otherwise, the console (either irb or pry) calls .inspect on the object once you hit 'enter', which forces a DB query.
To disable echo mode, you can use the following code:
conf.echo = false # for irb
pry_instance.config.print = proc {} # for pry
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode
ActiveRecord Relations
The first part of ActiveRecord's built-in caching we'll look at is relations. For example, we have a typical User-Posts relationship:
# app/models/user.rb
class User < ApplicationRecord
 has_many :posts
end
# app/models/post.rb
class Post < ApplicationRecord
 belongs_to :user
end
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode
This gives us the handy user.posts and post.user methods to perform a database query to find the related record(s). Let's say we're using these in a controller and view:
# app/controllers/posts_controller.rb
class PostsController < ApplicationController
 def index
 @user = User.find(params[:user_id])
 @posts = @user.posts
 end
...
# app/views/posts/index.html.erb
...
<%= render 'shared/sidebar' %>
<% @posts.each do |post| %>
 <%= render post %>
<% end %>
# app/views/shared/_sidebar.html.erb
...
<% @posts.each do |post| %>

<%= post.title %>

<% end %>
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode
We have a basic index action that grabs @user.posts. Similar to the previous section, the database query has not been run at this point. Rails then renders our index view, which, in turn, renders the sidebar. The sidebar calls @posts.each ..., and at this point, ActiveRecord fires off the database query to get the data.
We then return to the rest of our index template, where we have another @posts.each; however, this time, there is no database call. What's happening is that ActiveRecord is caching all these posts for us and does not bother trying to read from the database again.
Escape Hatch
There are times when we may want to force ActiveRecord to fetch the associated records again; perhaps, we know it is being changed by another process (a background job, for example). Another common situation is in automated tests where we want to get the latest value in the database to validate that the code has updated it correctly.
There are two common ways to do this, depending on the situation. I think the most common way is simply to call .reload on the association, which tells ActiveRecord that we want to ignore whatever it has cached and get the latest version from the database:
@user = User.find(1)
@user.posts # DB Call
@user.posts # Cached, no DB call
@user.posts.reload # DB call
@user.posts # Cached new version, no DB call
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode
Another option is to simply get a new instance of the ActiveRecord model (e.g., by calling find again):
@user = User.find(1)
@user.posts # DB Call
@user.posts # Cached, no DB call
@user = User.find(1) # @user is now a new instance of User
@user.posts # DB Call, no cache in this instance
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode
Caching relationships is good, but we often end up with complicated .where(...) queries beyond simple relationship lookups. This is where ActiveRecord's SQL cache comes in.
ActiveRecord's SQL Cache
ActiveRecord keeps an internal cache of queries it has performed to speed up performance. Note, however, that this cache is tied to the particular action; it is created at the start of the action and destroyed at the end of the action. This means you will only see this if you a performing the same query twice within one controller action. It also means the cache is not used in the Rails console. Cache hits are shown in the Rails log with a CACHE. For example,
class PostsController < ApplicationController
 def index
 ...
 Post.all.to_a # to_a to force DB query
 ...
 Post.all.to_a # to_a to force DB query
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode
produces the following log output:
 Post Load (2.1ms) SELECT "posts".* FROM "posts"
 app/controllers/posts_controller.rb:11:in 'index'
 CACHE Post Load (0.0ms) SELECT "posts".* FROM "posts"
 ↳ app/controllers/posts_controller.rb:13:in 'index'
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode
You can actually take a peek at what's inside the cache for an action by printing out ActiveRecord::Base.connection.query_cache (or ActiveRecord::Base.connection.query_cache.keys for just the SQL query).
Escape Hatch
There are probably not many reasons you would need to bypass the SQL Cache, but nevertheless, you can force ActiveRecord to bypass its SQL cache by using the uncached method on ActiveRecord::Base:
class PostsController < ApplicationController
 def index
 ...
 Post.all.to_a # to_a to force DB query
 ...
 ActiveRecord::Base.uncached do
 Post.all.to_a # to_a to force DB query
 end
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode
As it's a method on ActiveRecord::Base, you could also call it via one of your model classes if it improves readability; for example,
 Post.uncached do
 Post.all.to_a
 end
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode
Counter Cache
It's pretty common in web applications to want to count the records in a relationship (e.g., a user has X posts or a team account has Y users). Due to how common it is, ActiveRecord includes a way to automatically keep a counter up-to-date so that you don't have a bunch of .count calls using up database resources. It only takes a couple of steps to enable it. First, we add counter_cache to the relationship so that ActiveRecord knows to cache the count for us:
class Post < ApplicationRecord
 belongs_to :user, counter_cache: true
end
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode
We also need to add a new


text:
Do you know what e-commerce needs the most? It needs to fulfil its customers' demands on time. In this process, they are required to restock their inventory. It can save them money and effort. But some e-commerce businesses need to plan.
As a result, they end up overstocking. This can also lead to substantial financial losses. Therefore, it is necessary to know how to avoid it.
Overstocking occurs when you order more items for sale than you need. It gets left behind on the shelf. As a result, overstocking locks up what storage space you have.
It leaves your inventory worthless.
Overstocking is a primary concern for e-commerce retailers, costing them a lot of money.
It is essential to learn about the disadvantages of overstocking.
Difference Between Overstock and Understock
Before learning more about overstocking, it is essential to understand all the terms clearly.
Overstocking refers to the purchase of excess items. In other words, overstocking is when an e-commerce business buys more than it can sell.
Understocking means when a business buys less than the necessary limit. As a result, they go out of stock.
This, in turn, affects their sales.
No matter the scenario, it hampers the business and leads to financial losses.
Drawbacks of Overstocking
Here are the major shortcomings of overstocking:
1. More Funds Required
The major drawback is that you must spend a lot to ensure surplus stock stays in good shape. This can help avoid further financial losses.
2. Warehouse Costs
They have to take care of the warehouse costs as well. They also have to handle the human resources that go into running it. It is also a massive waste of space.
That space could be used for storing products that sell well in the market.
3. Blocks Inventory Capital
It is an undeniable fact that stocking inventory blocks working capital. In other words, the money you spend on inventory will only return if you sell the product.
4. Expiry Date
When the product has an expiration date, you will ultimately lose it too. If you sell the product on time, you will have to earn money for both the space and the product.
5. Lack of Space
The overstock stock will also block the introduction of new products due to lack of space. This is an issue that small companies or startups usually have to deal with more planning.
Why Do Businesses Overstock?
To understand why businesses overstock, looking at a few essential factors is essential.
These are as follows:
1. Fear of Going Out of Stock
The main reason is that businesses are afraid to run out of stock. It leads to such high costs that they react poorly out of fear and start overstocking.
2. Warehouse Mismanagement
Specific errors in management or warehouse management can cause overstocking. For example, a lack of visibility or expertise in inventory management can lead to such cases.
3. Profit Margins
A lack of understanding of inventory costs is another crucial reason. It means you need to learn about your sales and profit margins.
4. Bad Pricing Strategy
Certain products are in demand during a particular season. Businesses must strategically plan the amount they need for a specific season. It could be because they failed to sell it due to a lack of marketing.
It could also be an outcome of failing to price it adequately.
5. Poor Sales Prediction
Businesses that fail to predict the future demand for their product might face the same scenario. It is essential to look closely at sales numbers and order accordingly.
For example, businesses need small quantities when sales slow down.
6. Supply Chain Issues
Some businesses might think ahead and stock up to avoid supply chain issues. This could also lead to overstocking.
How to Avoid Overstocking?
To avoid overstocking, refer to the following points:
1. Plan Well
Businesses need to plan stock prices methodically and stock them up promptly. They can set aside a few extras for emergencies.
2. Use Inventory Management Software
They can opt for inventory management software to give them a glance at their inventory levels.
3. Use of Market Knowledge
They should be well aware of the effects of seasonal changes on their products.
4. Good Supply-Chain
Businesses must create supply chain resilience.
Hence, overstocking can cause a lot of harm to an e-commerce business. It will not only cost them a lot of money. It will also consume space, obstructing the storage of necessary items or sellable goods. Various factors lead to overstocking.
Similarly, for each reason, there is a solution. A business can prepare a proper storage structure and avoid any further financial loss by adhering to it.
Follow Khatabook for the latest updates, news blogs, and articles related to micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs), business tips, income tax, GST, salary, and accounting.


text:
Definitions of vindication
n. - The act of vindicating, or the state of being vindicated; defense; justification against denial or censure; as, the vindication of opinions; his vindication is complete. 2
n. - The claiming a thing as one's own; the asserting of a right or title in, or to, a thing. 2
The word "vindication" uses 11 letters: A C D I I I N N O T V.
No direct anagrams for vindication found in this word list.
Words formed by adding one letter before or after vindication (in bold), or to acdiiinnotv in any order:
s - vindications
All words formed from vindication by changing one letter
Browse words starting with vindication by next letter


text:
The Mercedes-Benz Museum is home to more than just automobiles. In 2007, the Guinness Book of Records gave it recognition for housing the "strongest artificially generated tornado in the world." The 34.4 meter high (that is 37.2 yards to those metrically challenged) vortex was not designed as an attraction, but to channel smoke out of the building in the event of a fire. In the event of fire, 144 outlets located along the core walls inject air into the interior courtyard of the Mercedes-Benz Museum. The 100-feet twister takes around seven minutes to materialize, drawing smoke out of the building's corridors and funnelling it upwards and out an exhaust vent on the roof.
Due to the open-plan structure of the Mercedes-Benz Museum, the various exhibition areas are connected to each other without any fire zones via an interior courtyard and ramps. From the perspective of smoke elimination this presented a challenging task that could not be implemented through conventional fluid mechanics. It was necessary to take a new approach, and so a globally unique smoke elimination system was developed especially for the Mercedes-Benz Museum.
This procedure uses the principle of the tornado force, which has a devastating effect under natural conditions, to create a controlled life-saving form of fluid mechanics that opens up new architectural possibilities.


text:
The most important crop for the Inca, as well as the Maya, was and still is maize — corn. Corn was used in ceremony, offered to the Apus — the mountain Gods — and planted during sacred rituals timed with the motions of the stars. We have even found corn carved in gold in underground tunnels in Peru, showing how the Inca worshipped this food. Researchers say corn was used in ceremonies in Ayacucho four thousand years ago. The first mention of corn is found in the writings of Pedro Martir de Angleria in 1492. The Spaniards said the bread of the Inca was maize or corn. It also was their wine. They brewed corn and made a drink known today as azua or chicha, similar to beer. Chicha comes in both purple and white versions, both quite powerful.
Write Your Own Review
Shamans Market searches remote regions of the world to bring you unique, hard to find offerings like you see here.
View other products from Shamans Market


text:
Overview, Checleset Bay Ecological Reserve, Physical and Biological
ORIGINAL PURPOSE: To provide sufficient high-quality marine habitat for a reintroduced
population of sea otters to increase their range and abundance to the point that they are no longer endangered.
To protect a representative marine ecosystem on the west coast of
Vancouver Island which provides habitat for a high diversity of species,
including the sea otter and northern sea lion.
SEE THE COMPLETE PDF: checleset_bay_er
The reserve is 30 km in east-west extent. Over 98% of its area is marine, the rest consisting of about 40 islands from under one hectare to 240 ha in size. The northern boundary includes 40 km of Vancouver Island shoreline which, except where protected by islands, is a rocky, high-energy environment. However, a few small estuaries and pocket beaches occur along the Brooks Peninsula shoreline. The largest islands are near shore. These have rocky, indented shorelines, but sheltered areas among them support soft bottom communities. Low cliffs, sea stacks, arches and caves are fairly common coastal features. Small islands and reefs occur offshore for six to eight kilometres and their outer tier, a chain parallel to the coastline, is aptly named the Barrier Islands. These receive the full brunt of Pacific surf. Between the major groups of reefs, and seaward from them, the Continental Shelf seafloor is quite smooth, with a gentle slope to the southwest. Inshore from the outermost reefs the water depth is generally under 45 m except for northeast-southwest troughs excavated by Pleistocene glaciers which flowed from three fjords located to the northwest. Seaward from the outermost reefs the ocean floor drops gradually to 90 m and then plunges abruptly to 450 m at the extreme southwest corner of the reserve.
The larger islands support forest cover dominated by Sitka spruce, including a spruce-western hemlock-salmonberry-sword fern association, and a spruce-salal- false lily-of-the-valley-moss association. Western redcedar and red alder occur.
Seabirds nest at three locations in the reserve (as reported in the 1993 Ecological Reserve Guide): Thomas Island and nearby reefs; the outer Bunsby-Clara area; and o'Leary-Cuttle-Yule Islets. Estimated breeding pairs are 50 fork-tailed storm-petrels, 80 pelagic cormorants, 380 glaucous-winged gulls and 50 pigeon guillemots. Black oystercatchers breed on several reefs. Bald eagles nest at Bunsby and Thomas Islands, and probably elsewhere. A variety of land birds, including band-tailed pigeons and ruffed grouse, have been recorded on Bunsby Islands, and many feeding or transient seabirds on surrounding waters. Land mammals on one or more of the Bunsby Group are the dusky shrew, Townsend vole, deer mouse, red squirrel, raccoon, mink, black bear and black- tailed deer. None have evolved endemic forms. Western toads, clouded salamanders and northwestern garter snakes also occur.
Eighty-nine sea otters, previously extinct in Canadian waters, were introduced to Checleset Bay from Alaska over the period _PHONE_. By 1984 these had increased to at least 345 animals of which about 200 were within the reserve. Sea otters in Checleset Bay are largely restricted to a 50 km2 area directly offshore from the Bunsby Islands, including the Barrier Islands from Clara to Farout. Here they feed extensively on clams, abalone, and sea urchins. At sea otter feeding sites, the giant red sea urchin, which limits the distribution of kelp by grazing, has been almost completely eliminated, allowing extensive growth of kelp to occur. At typical sea otter feeding sites, from shallows to ten metres in depth, the bull kelp Nereocystis luetkeana forms a dense surface canopy, the understory contains the kelps Pterygophora californica, Laminaria setchellii, Laminaria spp., or a mixture of these, and large amounts of algal drift and detritus are trapped in crevices. By contrast, reef habitats of similar depth but not yet inhabited by sea otters typically support giant red sea urchin densities up to five to ten per square metre, abalone stocks of one to ten per square metre, and little or no kelp in the sea urchin zone. Many other invertebrates are also more abundant in these areas denuded of kelp by sea urchins than at sea otter feeding sites. The present feeding range of Checleset Bay sea otters is identifiable by the near-absence of giant red sea urchins, however, clams and less preferred invertebrates are present, and a large part of the reserve is still available for population expansion.
Intertidal and subtidal reef habitats support an immense diversity and biomass of invertebrates and algae. Beneath the stands of kelp is a characteristic dense turf of bladed red algae, while cover on the rock surface often includes coralline algae, barnacles, bryozoans, hydroids, sponges, colonial ascidians, tunicates and sea anemones. Despite limited sampling in the reserve to date, forty-nine species of marine algae and 88 of marine invertebrates have been found. Adaptations to heavy surf, including strong attachment devices, heavy integument and clustering of individuals, are very evident here. Being large and containing a variety of marine habitats, the reserve is expected to contain a high proportion of fish species known to occur along the west coast of Vancouver Island.
SEE ALSO CULTURAL IN THE PDF
alder, red (Alnus rubra)
algae (Laminaria longpipes) —–Blue listed
algae (Laminaria sinclairii)——-Blue listed
fern, sword (Polystichum munitum)
goldfields, hairy (Lasthenia maritima)—Blue listed
hemlock, western (Tsuga heterophylla)
lily-of-the-valley, false (Maianthemum dilatatum)
redcedar, western (Thuja plicata)
salal (Gaultheria shallon) salmonberry (Rubus spectabilis)
spruce, Sitka (Picea sitchensis)
Abalone, Northern (Haliotis kamtschatkana)—— Red listed. (image above by Garry Fletcher)
Bear, American Black (Ursus americanus)
Cormorant, Pelagic (Phalacrocorax pelagicus)
Deer, Black-tailed (Odocoileus hemionus ssp. hemionus)
Eagle, Bald (Haliaeetus leucocephalus)
Grouse, Ruffed (Bonasa umbellus)
Guillemot, Pigeon (Cepphus columba)
Gull, Glaucous-winged (Larus glaucescens)
Mink, American (Neovison vison)
Mouse, Deer (Peromyscus maniculatus)
Otter, Sea (Enhydra lutris)
Oyster, Olympia (Ostrea conchaphila)— Blue listed
Oystercatcher, Black (Haematopus bachmani)
Pigeon, Band-tailed (Patagioenas fasciata) —-Blue listed
Raccoon (Procyon lotor)
Salamander, Clouded (Aneides ferreus)
Sea Lion, Stellar (Eumetopias jubatus)— Blue Listed
Sea Urchin, Giant Red (Strongylocentrotus franciscanus)
Shrew, Dusky (Sorex monticolus)
Snake, Northwestern Garter (Thamnophis ordinoides)
Squirrel, Red (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus)
Storm-petrel, Fork-tailed (Oceanodroma furcata)
Toad, Western (Bufo boreas)
Vole, Townsend␣␣ (Microtus townsendii)


text:
Stanley Park Playground at the Air India Memorial Site
The Air India Memorial playground commemorates those who perished in the 1985 Air India bombing. In respect to the 82 children that lost their lives aboard the flight, the old Ceperley playground was refurbished and provides a safe, fun, and carefree environment for children to grow.
"The children's playground symbolizes the innocence of those children who died in this tragedy. This place offers a beacon of hope to the children of today and the future," – Jayashree Thampi, who lost her husband and young daughter in the tragic attack


name: pesca version: 4.0.1 synopsis: Proof Editor for Sequent Calculus description: Pesca is a program that helps in the construction of proofs in sequent calculus. It works both as a proof editor and as an automatic theorem prover. Proofs constructed in Pesca can both be seen on the terminal and printed into LaTeX files.. The user of Pesca can choose among different versions of classical and intuitionistic proposition and predicate calculi, and extend them by systems of nonlogical axioms. The implementation of Pesca is written in the functional programming language Haskell. category: Theorem Provers, Compilers/Interpreters license: GPL license-file: LICENSE author: Aarne Ranta maintainer: Aarne Ranta homepage: build-depends: base>3, process build-type: Simple data-files: README, doc/geometry, doc/lattices, doc/manual.tex, doc/proof.sty tested-with: GHC==6.8.2 executable: pesca main-is: Editor.hs hs-source-dirs: src other-modules: Axioms, Calculi, Interaction, Natural, PrelSequent, PSequent, PrSequent, Sequent ghc-options: -Wall ghc-prof-options: -prof -auto-all


text:
Metro Vancouver's Codd Wetland Ecological Conservancy Area has expanded by 73 hectares, thanks to a pair of recent parkland acquisitions. In the past three years, the conservancy area has more than doubled in size, and is now more than 233 hectares.
Located on the east side of the Pitt River Valley in the City of Pitt Meadows, Codd Wetland protects a wide variety of plants, birds, fish, mammals and amphibians. As a key stopover on the Pacific Flyway, more than 160 bird species have been observed in the area.
A 14-hectare parcel, purchased for $1.7 million, lies at the junction of two important salmon creeks, captures sensitive low-lying fields, and includes the western portion of Codd Island. A 59-hectare parcel to the east, purchased for $11.5 million, features farm fields, a treed ridge and a 20-hectare wildlife pond. Both properties were acquired through the Regional Park Land Acquisition and Development Fund.
The new lands offer opportunities to develop future trails, viewpoints and other park amenities.
Read the news release.


text:
Definition of quarter binding in English:
A type of bookbinding in which the spine is bound in one material (usually leather) and the rest of the cover in another: useful for siding quarter bindings and half bindings are many patterns of lining paper
More example sentences
- The process of quarter binding a book is more akin to paperback binding than traditional case binding.
- This printing features the light grey quarter leather binding, with gilded labyrinth design by Jeff Clements.
- They would not have had a dust jacket but would be bound in leather or clothe in styles known as full binding, half binding or quarter binding.
- Example sentences
- These copies are quarter bound in leather with a gilt spine and housed in a slip-case.
- The book is quarter-bound in red with grey board that has stamped into it in red and gold foil Tolkien's Ring and Eye of Sauron symbol.
- It was quarter-bound in a traditional style: a cream canvas spine with a leather spine-label and grey paper-covered sides.
Definition of quarter binding in:
- US English dictionary
What do you find interesting about this word or phrase?
Comments that don't adhere to our Community Guidelines may be moderated or removed.


text:
Codicote Average Yearly Weather
Typical weather in Codicote brings average temperature at 14 degrees although it changes during the year.
The weather data informs us that July is the hottest time of the year and February is when its coolest so temperatures vary by about 15. Average Yearly Temperatures are 12 from Spring, 20 during Summer (June to Aug) and 14 throughout Autumn and 10 in Winter too.
When is the best time to go to Codicote?
Our collation of the weather data helps to decide when the best time to visit Codicote
- Typical Average Daily Temperature: 14
- Typical Hottest Month: July
- Typical Coldest Month: February
- Average Spring Temperature: 12
- Average Summer Temperature: 20
- Average Autumn Temperature: 14
- Average Winter Temperature: 10


text:
Mechanics of Advancement: In Venturing
Venturing is for young men and women who are 14 through 20 years old, or who are 13 and have completed the eighth grade. Its purpose is to build character, promote citizenship, and develop personal and mental fitness. Each Venturing crew is responsible for achieving these aims by designing a program that appeals to its members. Thus, Venturing is a catalyst: It brings together adults and young people, and incredible things happen. It is all about asking themselves and one another what is possible, and then setting out to plan and execute toward fulfillment.
Sea Scouts is a specialized branch of Venturing with its own handbook, program, and system of advancement and recognition. Its members may work on and earn any of the Venturing awards and recognitions (see "Mechanics of Advancement: In Sea Scouts," 184.108.40.206).
220.127.116.11 The Goals of Venturing
There are four goals for Venturers:
- Gain practical experience from knowledgeable people.
- Engage in activities centered on leadership, service, social activities, fitness, the outdoors, and citizenship. The idea is to develop balance, to take responsibility, and to become mentally, emotionally, and physically fit.
- Experience and provide positive leadership, to set and follow examples, and to learn by doing.
- Have a chance to learn and grow in a supportive, caring, and fun environment.
18.104.22.168 Advancement in Venturing
The purpose of the Venturing awards program is to facilitate these four goals; provide a pathway for personal development; encourage learning, growth, and service; and recognize high levels of achievement. Advancement is accomplished when an active program emphasizes it and pays attention to the four steps of the process: preparation, learning, qualification, and recognition. Bronze, Gold, and Silver are the awards for the advancement track, but others also are described below. Venturers have until their 21st birthday to complete their awards.
For detailed requirements and more information on Venturing advancement or recognition, see the Venturer/Ranger Handbook, No. 33494; Sea Scout Manual, No. 33239; Quest Handbook, No. 33151; TRUST Handbook, No. 33154; and Venturing Leader Manual, No. 34655. Except in Sea Scouts, Venturers work on awards, not ranks, and they can choose to work along with others in a crew or go it alone. They may also work simultaneously on the Bronze, Gold, and Silver awards; there are time-oriented requirements, but not between the earning of one award to the next.
The Gold and Silver awards require a crew review.There is no council or district involvement, except perhaps guidance on best practices. All work for the awards must be completed by the member's 21st birthday, but the review may be held after that.
22.214.171.124 The Venturing Awards
126.96.36.199.1 Bronze Award. Venturers may choose to earn just one Bronze Award-perhaps the one best matching the crew's interest area-or more, or all five of them. They represent an introduction to skills and life experiences, and include Arts and Hobbies, Sports, Sea Scouts, Outdoor, and Religious Life. These entry level awards encourage achievement of the Gold and Silver awards. Crew Advisors or specialty "consultants" approved by the crew Advisor, who are much like merit badge counselors, pass members on requirements. No committee review or board of review is involved.
Venturing is dynamic, with built-in flexibility at many levels. In some cases this carries over to Bronze Award requirements, where limited substitutions are allowed based on what is available in your area. For specifics, please refer to the Venturer/Ranger Handbook, No.33494, and the Venturing Leader Manual, No. 34655.
188.8.131.52.2 Gold Award. One Bronze award is required for the Gold Award, and candidates must be active (regardless of award level) and registered for at least 12 months. They must serve in a leadership role (within or outside the crew); participate in a district, council, or national Venturing activity; accomplish personal goals; and plan and lead activities. Letters of recommendation are required, along with a written presentation for a crew review committee. This consists of four to six Venturers and adults appointed by the crew president in conjunction with the crew Advisor. Venturers may choose to deliver the presentation orally at the review meeting, but this is not required. The review committee provides final approval. There is no district or council review board, but the advancement must be reported to the council.
184.108.40.206.3 Silver Award. Silver is the highest award for Venturers. It says they are leaders who serve, who are fit and prepared, and who have honor. Candidates must earn the Bronze and Gold awards, be proficient in emergency preparedness, participate in Ethics in Action, and complete Introduction to Leadership Skills for Crews. For the Silver Award, Venturers first establish a plan of action and then carry it out. When requirements are fulfilled, they go through a formal review with four to six Venturers and adults appointed by the crew president in conjunction with the crew Advisor. There is no district or council involvement in the review process.
220.127.116.11.4 Ranger Award. High adventure and the outdoors have always been emphasized in the Boy Scouts of America, and Venturing is no different. The Ranger Award encourages a high level of achievement and proficiency in outdoor skills. It exemplifies challenge. Eight core requirements and at least four of 18 electives must be completed. If the Outdoor Bronze Award has been earned, the Venturer is already halfway there. Candidates may work on their own or with other crew members. Advisors and consultants must sign for requirements. No crew review or board of review is involved.
18.104.22.168.5 Quest Award. The Quest Award is about fitness and sports. Candidates learn about nutrition, exercise plans, and what is required for a healthy life. They may be introduced to an enjoyable sport helpful toward that end. As with other Venturing awards, members share with others what they have learned. This can be done through presentations or even sports clinics. Five core requirements and at least one of five electives must be completed. The Sports Bronze Award comes first. There is no review board.
22.214.171.124.6 TRUST Award. The TRUST (Tending, Respecting, Understanding,Serving, Transforming) Award helps Venturers learn about themselves, their communities, and religion and culture. It recognizes that trust is an essential part of relationships; that learning to trust is the challenge; and that learning to understand one another—especially those from different backgrounds and nationalities—represents a good start. The five core requirements are Tending Your Faith, Respecting the Beliefs of Others, Understanding Other Cultures, Serving Your Community, and Transforming Our Society. Candidates must work with a religious leader or with consultants in a related field of expertise. No board of review is involved.
126.96.36.199 Past Credit for Venturers
The requirements for all Venturing awards require the work to be done as Venturers. For example, even though a young man earned the Backpacking merit badge as a Boy Scout, before he became a Venturer, he must pass the Ranger backpacking elective once registered as a Venturer. Some requirements may call for certification such as Scuba Open-Water Diver, American Red Cross Standard First Aid, or BSA Lifeguard. Current certifications such as these maybe used regardless where they were earned.
188.8.131.52 Multiple Credit for Venturers
Venturers may receive multiple credit for requirements. In the above example, if the Backpacking merit badge was earned while the member was also a Venturer, the effort could also count toward the Ranger elective. Further, experiences such as the Red Cross Emergency Response course could be used for the Ranger first aid requirement and the first aid and lifesaver electives, and also for the Silver Award's emergency preparedness requirement. Venturers may not receive multiple credit for something like a tabletop display or a presentation. These must be done separately and relate directly to each situation requiring them.
184.108.40.206 Boy Scout Advancement in Venturing and Sea Scouts
Venturers and Sea Scouts who earned First Class rank as registered Boy Scouts or Varsity Scouts are qualified until their 18th birthday to continue with Boy Scout advancement. If desired, they can maintain multiple (dual) registration in a troop or team, and also in a crew or ship, and work on ranks in either unit. Wherever the member is registered, the Scoutmaster and crew Advisor or Skipper decide with the young man which one will oversee his advancement. If the Advisor or Skipper does so, but is unfamiliar with Boy Scouting, the district advancement committee should identify an experienced Scouter to assist. It is important for Venturing and Sea Scout leaders to understand that Boy Scout advancement procedures must be followed.
Any work done while a Venturer or Sea Scout can count toward both Boy Scout and Venturing or Sea Scout advancement at the same time. For instance, a conservation project required in Boy Scouting can also count in Venturing. Position of responsibility requirements for Boy Scout ranks may be met by the Venturer or Sea Scout serving in crew or ship positions as outlined in the Boy Scout Requirements book, No. 34765. The Advisor or Skipper conducts the unit leader conference. The crew or ship committee conducts Star and Life boards of review, and Eagle Scout boards follow the local council's established procedure.


text:
For those who want to save on transportation costs of various NON-HAZARDOUS liquids (water, wine, oil, non-hazardous chemicals, and so on) we offer an alternative type of tare – Flexitank.
Flexitank basic specification
- Flexitank is a lightweight disposable plastic packaging, used for storage and transportation of liquid foods and chemical products, considered non-hazardous according to the IMO (International Maritime Organization) requirements of the capacity from 14,000 to 24,000 liters.
- Sandwich Flexitank structure of for bulk liquid cargo transportation in containers consists of inner "light" layer of edible polyethylene, which serves as liquid reservoir and maintain hermiticity, and outer "solid" layer, which consists of polypropylene, providing load impact absorption that occurs during cargo transportation.
- It is designed and suitable for transportation by road, railway and marine transport in a standard 20-feet ISO (International Standards Organization) container, which significantly reduces packaging costs (barrels, bottles) and improves performance of handling process.
- Since it is disposable tare, it does not require the cost on its cleaning and return. Simply remove it from the container and dispose of.


text:
This article was originally published in Inside Health Policy on September 24, 2014.
Researchers: Sovaldi Analysis Could Be Used In Lawsuits Against Medicaid
Researchers at Harvard and Brown universities are analyzing state Medicaid programs' coverage restrictions for the expensive hepatitis C drug Sovaldi, and the findings could lay the groundwork for beneficiaries to sue states, although a Harvard law instructor said legal action is a last resort. Patient advocates are especially angry at states that refuse to give the hepatitis C drug to alcoholics and drug addicts, arguing the policy is discriminatory and has no medical basis.
Malinda Ellwood, clinical instructor of law at Harvard's Center for Health Law and Policy Innovation, stressed that the findings are preliminary; researchers must verify them with states and some states are still considering restrictions. Researchers are starting with Medicaid fee-for-service and hope to analyze prescribing restrictions in other areas, such as Medicaid managed care and states' policies on who can treat patients with both hepatitis C and HIV.
Researchers found 30 states with prior authorization restrictions, which vary widely.
The majority of those 30 states restrict the drug to people with alcohol or drug-abuse problems. Among them, 12 states require that patients be sober and off street drugs for six months or longer before they qualify for Sovaldi, Ellwood said. Six states have abstinence periods between one month and three months, and five states require either abstinence or that patients be in treatment programs.
Lynn Taylor, assistant professor of medicine at Brown University, said she is appalled by states that withhold the drug from people with alcohol and drug addictions. African Americans are twice as likely to get infected by hepatitis C, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and abstinence restrictions sharpen health care disparities between the poor and the rich, Taylor said. (Harvard and Brown researchers are both analyzing Medicaid restrictions by state and may jointly publish their results, Ellwood said.)
There is no medical reason for abstinence restrictions, Taylor argued, adding that some physicians mistakenly believe that people with alcohol and drug addictions are less likely to stick to their drug regimen. Not only is there no evidence of that, Taylor said, there do not appear to be any other diseases for which Medicaid refuses to cover treatments due to alcohol or drug use.
Taylor said it's wrong to penalize patients who are trying to beat addiction by refusing to treat a separate condition. The rational she heard from states is that drug users may reinfect themselves. However, she said research established long ago that a small percentage of patients get reinfected. It's not right to deny treatment to an entire population because of a few, she added. Reinfection is also a problem for other diseases, she noted, and the government doesn't ration treatments for those infections with restrictions on alcohol and drug use.
Although Taylor dislikes all types of restrictions, she said she understands why states are prioritizing treatment to those who are sickest to deal with Sovaldi's price, which costs $84,000 per course. FDA is expected to approve next month a second drug by Gilead Sciences that will be combined with Sovaldi in a single pill, which is expected to add significantly to the treatment's cost. That pill will not need to be taken with interferon, which makes many patients very ill, so it is expected to be a sought-after treatment. Also, Sovaldi already cures more than 90 percent of many types of patients, and the combo pill is expected to have an even better cure rate and to reduce the treatment period from 12 weeks to as few as four weeks.
All 30 states require that patients show some degree of sickness, and most require a metavir score of at least F3, which requires a liver biopsy, before their Medicaid programs will cover Sovaldi, Ellwood said.
Natarajan Ravendhran, chief of gastroenterology and liver disease at St. Agnes Hospital in Baltimore, said it's wrong to require such an invasive procedure to check on the severity of a disease to determine whether patients may receive a cure. Also, it's not clear when someone crosses from stage two to stage three liver disease, and it's difficult to time when to do follow-up biopsies to monitor the progress of liver disease. He said the restrictions often put both patients and their doctors in a difficult position, and he gave as an example one of his patients who is in stage one and wants to have children but cannot until her disease gets bad enough to merit treatment.
Ellwood said 21 states also restrict who may prescribe Sovaldi. That's concerning because there may not be enough specialists to prescribe the drug to those who need it. Nine states require that specialists prescribe hepatitis C drugs, and 12 states require that prescribers consult with specialists.
The university researchers are working with National Viral Hepatitis Roundtable, which has called on HHS Secretary Sylvia Burwell to convene a meeting among drug makers, plans, patients and providers to figure out how to make Sovaldi available to everyone infected with hepatitis C. Patient groups are considering suing Medicaid programs in states with particularly strict limits on Sovaldi, but Ellwood said the group she is working with prefers solutions to lawsuits.
States are in a particularly difficult position. There is a high rate of infection among Medicaid beneficiaries and prison systems. Also, states must balance their budgets each year so even though Gilead priced its drug commiserate with the current cost of treatment, those costs are all up front and states cannot stretch them out over the 20 year to 30 years that they normally would have had to cover those costs.
— John Wilkerson (_EMAIL_)


text: Unique Strength is a handheld device that has the capability of aiding physiotherapists in the measurement of particular muscle groups throughout the human body. Another feature the device has is it can measure grip strength which can be a general rule for overall strength. The Unique Strength tester is ergonomically designed to suit the hand of the user whilst pressure is being applied. This product will be used to aid top athletes who have been seriously injured, measure and record their rehabilitation stages. This will help them set goals and be able identify when they have reached them.


text:
Titanic VR: Virtual Reality Exploration
Witness the sinking of RMS Titanic. Explore the shipwreck. Titanic VR @ titanicvr.io is an immersive educational interactive story and and game; with over 6 hours of game-play you will leave with a greater understanding of the historic tragedy that unfolded in 1912. Titanic VR: Virtual Reality Exploration is an Augmented-Reality/Virtual Reality Educational platform ENGAGE created by VR Education Holding PLC. Note: Any educator can teach using an AR/VR environment and its platform ENGAGE is freely available to use by educators to create AR/VR presentations and teach Animation. Another showcase VR Educational Experience created by VR Education Holding PLC is "Apollo 11 VR."