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A 6-DOF robot-time optimal trajectory planning based on an improved genetic algorithm
Robotics and Biomimetics20185:3
_URL_
Received: 8 November 2017
Accepted: 14 May 2018
Published: 3 July 2018
Abstract
By using quintic polynomial function to interpolate several given points of each joint of the robot, the mathematical expressions of each joint variable of the robot with time are established. In addition, to improve the search algorithm performance crossover operator and mutation operator of the genetic algorithm are improved in cosine form. Furthermore, the improved adaptive genetic algorithm is applied to optimize the time interval of interpolation points of each joint, so as to realize time optimal trajectory planning. Moreover, MATLAB simulation is carried out, and the results show that the method proposed in this paper reduces the running time of the robot tasks. Meanwhile, the curves of angle position, velocity and acceleration of each joint are smooth enough, which ensure accomplish its tasks in a stable and efficient way.
Keywords
 - Industrial robot
 - Trajectory planning
 - Adaptive genetic algorithm (AGA)
 - Time optimal
Background
Robot trajectory planning usually refers to track points given several expectations and target pose, and timely adjust the rotation angle of each joint of the robot to the end effector at a prescribed trajectory followed by each point to eventually reach the target point. The trajectory planning in joint space is simpler and convenient than that of Cartesian space. Therefore, several fixed points which located at the end of several robotic arms are usually given. Then, these track points for the robot are computed by using the inverse kinematics so as to convert it from Cartesian space to joint coordinate space. Next, the track points are used to carry out interpolation operation using various spline functions, polynomial functions or other forms of curves, and the expressions about the time of each joint variable for the robot are obtained. In addition, in light of the mechanical characteristics of the robot, the speed and acceleration of each joint should be limited to the allowable range. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize the speed and acceleration of each joint arm, not only to ensure the smooth operation of the joint arm but also to reduce the wear and impact to prolong the working life of the robot.
The method of optimal trajectory planning generally includes time optimal trajectory planning [13], energy minimum trajectory planning [3, 4] and impact minimum trajectory planning [5], or multi-objective trajectory optimization combining these estimation schemes. Among them, the optimal trajectory planning with the robot running time as main consideration is favored by many scholars. In recent years, many researchers have made some achievements in the field of robot trajectory planning. Tohfeh and Fakharian [6] constructed a function expression for the omnidirectional robot's energy dissipation by combining obstacle avoidance performance, and the optimization problem was transformed into a parameter minimization problem by the polynomial interpolation method, which provided a more effective way for the study of robot obstacle avoidance. However, due to the complexity of this method, there is a certain degree of difficulty in practice. Bende [7] studied a method of modeling underwater robot based on bond graph theory and optimized the model parameters with the genetic algorithm to obtain the optimized trajectory of the robot. Experiments were carried to show the significance of this method. Zhu and Liu [8] applied the seventh-order B-spline curve for the interpolation operation of robot's articulation arm trajectory and applied the sequential quadratic programming for the trajectory planning, which achieved the optimal planning goal and the angular displacement, velocity and acceleration curve of each joint of the robot are smoother.
In this paper, from the point of view of robot running time, the trajectory of robot joint is planned by the quintic polynomial interpolation under the premise of smooth operation of the manipulator, and the time interval of trajectory interpolation point is optimized by the improved adaptive genetic algorithm, so that the robot accomplishes task time as short as possible.
Model
In this paper, we consider PUMA560 robot as the research object, which belongs to a conventional six-arm-type robot. Its first three joints are used to determine the position of the robot end effector, and the latter three joints are used to determine its attitude. In order to make it easier to analyze the motion of articulation arm of the robot, it is necessary to establish the kinematic equation of the robot. The link pole coordinate system is established by D-H method, and through the translation, rotation and other coordinate transformation to establish the relationship between the coordinate system. The link pole coordinate system is shown in Fig. 1.
$$ \begin{aligned} {}^{0}T_{1} = \left[ {\begin{array}{*{20}c} {c\theta_{1} } & { - s\theta_{1} } & 0 & 0 \\ {s\theta_{1} } & {c\theta_{1} } & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 & 1 \\ \end{array} } \right]\quad {}^{1}T_{2} = \left[ {\begin{array}{*{20}c} {c\theta_{2} } & { - s\theta_{2} } & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 & {d_{2} } \\ { - s\theta_{2} } & { - c\theta_{1} } & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 & 1 \\ \end{array} } \right] \hfill \\ {}^{2}T_{3} = \left[ {\begin{array}{*{20}c} {c\theta_{3} } & { - s\theta_{3} } & 0 & {a_{2} } \\ {s\theta_{3} } & {c\theta_{3} } & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 & 1 \\ \end{array} } \right]\quad {}^{3}T_{4} = \left[ {\begin{array}{*{20}c} {c\theta_{4} } & { - s\theta_{4} } & 0 & {a_{3} } \\ 0 & 0 & 1 & {d_{4} } \\ { - s\theta_{4} } & { - c\theta_{4} } & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 & 1 \\ \end{array} } \right] \hfill \\ {}^{4}T_{5} = \left[ {\begin{array}{*{20}c} {c\theta_{5} } & { - s\theta_{5} } & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & { - 1} & 0 \\ {s\theta_{5} } & {c\theta_{5} } & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 & 1 \\ \end{array} } \right]\quad {}^{5}T_{6} = \left[ {\begin{array}{*{20}c} {c\theta_{6} } & { - s\theta_{6} } & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 & 0 \\ { - s\theta_{6} } & { - c\theta_{6} } & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 & 1 \\ \end{array} } \right] \hfill \\ \end{aligned} $$
(1)
Figure 1
Fig. 1
The link pole coordinate system of PUMA560 robot according to the link pole coordinate system of Fig. 1, the transformation matrix of each link can be obtained as follows
Multiplying the above transformation matrice in turn, the comprehensive transformation matrix of the PUMA560 robot is obtained:
$$ \begin{aligned} {}^{0}T_{6} & = {}^{0}T_{1} (\theta {}_{1})^{1} T_{2} (\theta {}_{2})^{2} T_{3} (\theta {}_{3})^{3} T_{4} (\theta {}_{4})^{4} T_{5} (\theta {}_{5})^{5} T_{6} (\theta {}_{6}) \\ & = \left[ {\begin{array}{*{20}c} {n_{x} } & {o_{x} } & {a_{x} } & {p_{x} } \\ {n_{y} } & {o_{y} } & {a_{y} } & {p_{y} } \\ {n_{z} } & {o_{z} } & {a_{z} } & {p_{z} } \\


text:
Tangara velia (*)
Tangara velia (Linnaeus, 1758)
Syst. Nat. ed.10 p.188
The Opal-rumped Tanager (Tangara velia) is a species of bird in the Thraupidae family. It is found in the Amazon and Atlantic Forest of South America. The population of the Atlantic Forest has a far paler chest than the other populations, and has often been considered a separate species as the Silvery-breasted Tanager (Tangara cyanomelas). Today most authorities treat it as a subspecies of the Opal-rumped Tanager.
* BirdLife International 2004. Tangara velia. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded on 27 July 2007.
Source: Wikipedia, Wikispecies: All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


How the Autism Success Formula can help you
How it can help you?
Our Coaching for Independent Achievement and Opportunities (CIAO) package focuses on a potential employees strengths but will also demonstrate for Line Managers and work colleagues how to cope and manage their struggles not only in their workplace but also in social life at work.
A happy workforce is a well motivated workforce so social life is a key area in developing a young person into a thriving young member of society. They key to all of this is sustainability and profitability, making sure the changes that are put into place last and succeed.


text:
The tutorial demonstrates analysis of 2D photonic crystal using PWE Band solver.
First we create a lattice model of dielectric cylinders (permittivity=8.9) suspended in air. We then proceed with a simple simulation on a predefined k-vector path and result analysis. Finally we discuss the meaning of the Domain Origin in the PWE dialog box.
1 Create layout of the 2D rectangular photonic crystal lattice
2 Set Parameters of PWE Band Solver
3 Simulation Run and Results Analysis
4 Using Inversion Symmetry and Domain Origin
5 2D Hexagonal lattice
6 Band solving of rotated lattices


text: The present paper assesses the impacts of renewable energy generation and globalization on income inequality in Argentina. We make use of vector autoregression models. We find that globalization and hydroelectric power increase inequality, while the opposite holds true for other renewable energy sources. Several robustness checks are considered. Policy implications are discussed keeping into account the specific Argentinean context.


text:
I recently blogged that you can now play Angry Birds in your web browser. This opens up all sorts of video analysis possibilities for physics lessons and assessment. Students can easily make their own videos or you can pre-record your own. Videos can be recorded using Jing, Screencast-O-Matic, or Camtasia Studio. Analysis can be done in Logger Pro or Tracker.
Here are some possible investigations to carry out (shared by Michael Magnuson on the WNYPTA email list):
1. Make a reasonable estimate for the size of an angry bird, and determine the value of g in Angry Bird World. Why would the game designer want to have g be different than 9.8 m/s²? Download Angry Birds video.
2. Does the blue angry bird conserve momentum during its split into three? Download Red and Blue Birds video.
3. Does the white bird conserve momentum when it drops its bomb? Why would the game designer want the white bird to drop its bomb the way that it does? Download White Bird video.
4. Describe in detail how the yellow bird changes velocity. You will need to analyze more than one flight path to answer this question. Download Yellow Birds video.
5. Shoot an angry bird so that it bounces off one of the blocks. Determine the coefficient of restitution and the mass of the angry bird. Download Red Birds and Falling Block video.
You can download each video using the links above or get them all here.
Other posts with ideas about how to use Angry Birds in physics class:
- Rhett Allain's analysis of The Physics of Angry Birds.
- John Burk's post Introducing projectile motion using Angry Birds
- Peter Kupfer's post Angry Birds and Physics
How have you used (or will use) Angry Birds in the classroom?
UPDATE 12-28-2011: Our class has been featured on CUNY-TV's "Science and U!" Jump to 10:25 in the video below:

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Power to the Power Users: Advancing Your Use of Smart Lists
Barista pouring coffee into tea. Represents combining filters in Marketo smart lists.
Welcome back to another session of Power to the Power Users! In this series, we explore some common questions that pop up when taking the next step beyond becoming a Marketo Certified Expert and becoming a seasoned architect.
Last time around, we started talking about filter-level steps you can take to make your Smart Lists faster and more efficient. The natural follow-up question to that, though, is: how do I use that knowledge with multiple filters?
Filter combinations are one of the harder skills to master when it comes to using Marketo, because it's often not something we have to think about—after all, as long as you have all your criteria set out, you should be fine, right? Unfortunately, slow Smart Lists come back to haunt you when doing complex work. At the same time, this topic can be difficult to talk about, so I've grabbed a couple of examples from real-world users; we'll take a look at these and see how we can apply what we've learned to make speedy queries.
Combining Filters
Once you've determined how to most effectively select your individual filters, you'll need to combine them together—after all, how often do you have just one filter in a Smart List? However, we'll want to take some of the same concepts from SQL best practices and use them here as well to maximize performance.
When you use multiple filters together, they're evaluated in order to constrain down to the list you're looking for. For example, if I have three AND filters for:
 1. Mailable Segment is Mailable
 2. Region Segment is LATAM
 3. Annual Revenue is greater than 100,000,000
This will, in turn, cause the query to:
 - Select every record that has the Mailable segment as Mailable
 - From that first selection, select the subset that has their Region Segment as LATAM
 - From that subset, select the second subset that has Annual Revenue over 100,000,000
This makes the order that you place your filters in important, even if you're selecting ANY or ALL in your logic—because this will define how big or small your subsequent subsets are, and thus how long they'll take to evaluate. That generally means you'll want to:
 - Place your fastest filters at the top of your filter lists, since they'll narrow down records faster than your slower filters.
 - Choose fast filters that will narrow down more records first. For example, if you want to target people whose first name is Marina and live in Latin America, it makes more sense to go "First Name is Marina, Region Segment is LATAM", because statistically, there are probably fewer records with the first name Marina than are in your LATAM segment. Let's say you had 100 LATAM records, 8 Marina records and 4 Marinas in LATAM. Going from 8 Marinas to 4 Marinas in LATAM takes less time to process than going from 100 Latin Americans to 4 Marinas in LATAM.
 - Avoid using nested Smart Lists whenever possible. A nested smart list is a filter using "Member of Smart List is [your list here]", and is a non-SARGable filter on steroids: first, Marketo must process everything in that Smart List to proceed to the next filter in your Smart List. Instead, either try to recreate the Smart List's criteria inside your Smart List or look at using segmentation or a special field if it's a recurring audience.
 - Try to avoid using a lot of filters or complex groupings of filters when possible. While there is no hard and fast rule of "over X amount of filters will cause issues," it's worth examining why complex filters are being used—and if such combinations would be better served with static lists, segmentations, special fields, or other ways of consolidating who you're looking for.
 - Custom objects are handled a bit differently in Marketo's architecture than other core Marketo items—person data, company data, activity data, and such—and as a result, have different performance levels than standard items being queried. The closest analog these filters have to traditional queries are inner joins in SQL, and so some of the same cautions apply. These should be treated as the slowest filters and placed as the last part of your filter criteria.
With all these rules in mind, how do you translate them into a faster Smart List? Let's take a practical look at this example:
Marketo smart list filter example
Now, if we apply our rules here, we notice a few things immediately:
 - There are "Member of Smart List" filters inside this filter, which causes slowdown
 - There are Smart Lists that are mutually exclusive and could be broken down to an ongoing segmentation--Mailable and Bounced
 - There are "Member Not in List", which is not a SARGable filter
 - The filter order is inefficient
How would we fix this?
 1. Make a Mailable Segmentation (which removes Filters 2 and 4, as well as optimizes them from being Smart Lists).
 2. We can convert the criteria for "Newsletter Subscribe", which checks for people filling out newsletter subscription forms, into a Marketo-only field.
 3. Suppliers and HR Candidates likely can also be grouped into a Segmentation or share a field called "Record Type" to streamline the search
 4. We can reorganize this list to constrain records more effectively
The resulting Smart List would look something like:
 1. Mailable Segmentation is Mailable
 2. Newsletter Subscription is false
 3. Record Type is not Suppliers, HR Candidates
 4. Member of Program is False for "Make the Case for Content" with certain progression statuses
 5. Member of Program is False for "Active Play in Engagio" with "Added to Play" status
This setup is faster with the side effect of being easier for the marketer to read/understand as well as being simpler to create and iterate as needed. However, this is a straightforward example. What happens when we apply these same rules to a more complex query? Let's take a look at another example:
Complex Marketo smart list example
There's a lot to unpack in this list, but the following actions can be taken:
 1. Commit to good data hygiene and standardize Billing Country/Country values to consistently be some form of "United States" or "US" based on naming conventions.
 2. Group Job Category and Job Title together in a segmentation or in one field, as in this company's case the two are never conflicting values—they're just stored in different places and not every record has one or the other filled out. Again, this may also be solved with data hygiene.
 3. The filters for Corporate Activity Products and Company Name have multiple values, but can actually be distilled to use "Does not Start with" for 2-4 values each rather than the lists of "Is Not".
 4. The filter order is unoptimized, especially with a custom object "Has Sponsored Asset" and a Mailable segmentation out of order.
As this Smart List is today, it takes 49.86 seconds to process.
When we adjust this list to the following:
Advanced Filters: 1 and (2 or 3) and (4 or 5) and 6 and 7 and 8 and 9
 1. Mailable Segment is 'Mailable'
 2. Country is 'United States'
 3. Billing Country is 'United States'
 4. Job Title or Category Segment is 'IR'
 5. Corporate Activity Products is in (12)
 6. Vertical is 'Corporate'
 7. Account Type is not 'Consultant'
 8. Company Name is not (29)
 9. Has Sponsored Asset is false
This takes the Smart List performance down to 15.68 seconds—less than a third of the time of the original lists. If you do further optimization by changing the Corporate Activity Products is in (12) to start with "Share" and Company Name to not starts with (4), this takes the search down to 7.57 seconds.
That's over 85% faster than the original Smart List. Ultimately, the list retrieves the exact same records, but it does so in a much more database-friendly way. You can see how this sort of tweaking and optimization can really add up over time—as these rules can apply to anything needing a Smart List, and thus all sorts of programs you build throughout Marketo.
I'd encourage you to take these practices to heart when building your own Smart Lists in the future. Start small—apply one or two concepts—then iterate from there to optimize your work.
Have any best practice questions you'd like us to tackle? We're here to deep-dive on subjects that give you definitive answers to the questions you've got on day-to-day work. Just shoot us an email at _EMAIL_ or contact us here and keep an eye out—you may just find the answers here!
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Courtney Grimes
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text:
MEDIEVAL SCULPTOR, French
(active c. 1150 at Charlieu)
The tympanum represents the Wedding at Cana (or Last Supper?). The theme of the feast is easily adapted to an architectural framework; the table can be rectilinear on a lintel and circular on a capital. Here, the table is semicircular, adapting itself to the tympanum form and becoming the basic coordinating element of the whole composition. The compositional firmness of the scene somewhat restrains the fervour and restlessness that Burgundian sculpture displays in other mid-12th century sculptures, and which is here seen in the voussoirs, where the figures gesticulate freely.


text:
In recent years, convolution neural network (CNN) had been widely used in many image-related machine learning algorithms since its high accuracy for image recognition. As CNN involves an enormous number of computations, it is necessary to accelerate the CNN computation by a hardware accelerator, such as FPGA, GPU and ASIC designs. However, CNN accelerator faces a critical problem: the large time and power consumption caused by the data access of off-chip memory. Here, we describe two methods of CNN accelerator to optimize CNN accelerator, reducing data precision and data-reusing, which can improve the performance of accelerator with the limited on-chip buffer. Three influence factors to data-reusing are proposed and analyzed, including loop execution order, reusing strategy and parallelism strategy. Based on the analysis, we enumerate all legal design possibilities and find out the optimal hardware design with low off-chip memory access and low buffer size. In this way, we can improve the performance and reduce the power consumption of accelerator effectively.
Part of the book: Green Electronics


text:
A Case Study of Groundwater Quality in Industrial Area of Srinagar, J&K
Abstract - Main source of drinking and daily use for domestic purposes is the groundwater, for both urban and rural areas. Surface and ground water are frequently polluted as a result of industrial and agricultural operations. Study of groundwater in Srinagar capital has been conducted to determine its appropriateness for home use. To know about the present quality of groundwater in industrial and non-industrial areas of Srinagar district of Jammu & Kashmir, the present study was conducted. Samples were collected from each site (two from each site) and various parameters including pH, total hardness, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, total alkalinity, chlorides, calcium, magnesium, BOD and turbidity were analysed and variation of groundwater quality is analysed by the related parameter. Water samples were collected from industrial and non-industrial areas of Srinagar through different sources which include hand-pumps, tube-wells and springs. The samples were collected and shifted to cleaned plastic bottles; each sample was then namedwith marker and brought to the laboratory for testing. Standard methods are used in the research for determining various parameters and results obtained were compared with the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) guideline values and Water Quality Index (WQI) was calculated for each stations. The WQI in industrial area was found with the least value of 40.97 and highest WQI value was observed as 63.1. The computed WQI shows that water samples lie in 'good to 'poor' category indicating that groundwater is not fit for direct consumption and treatment is required in the area. Similarly, the WQI in non-industrial area was found with the minimum value of 34.08 and the maximum value of 48.16. The computed WQI shows that water samples fall in 'good' category and is thus fit for domestic purposes.
Keywords - Industrial Area, Groundwater Quality

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


What is Application Launch Prefetching?
In a nutshell, it is about speeding up the launch of Windows client applications by optimizing the startup IO.
Digging in:
When an application is launched the required code and data pages are unlikely to be read from contiguous locations on the storage device. More often than not part of the file is read, then other parts in the same file, parts of other required files and maybe other parts of the original binary.

In terms of application performance and startup time this is undesirable because the jumping between distant locations on storage slows application startup time considerably. The cost of retrieving random IO compared to sequential IO can be significant.
How significant?
Well, take a look at notepad:
There are parts of 30 binaries in the notepad address space. 30 files we needed to find on the disk!
Consider the (worst case) scenario where none, or very few of the binaries already reside in memory and none of them sit contiguously on disk. Lets say the disk has 10ms of seek latency...
30 x 10ms = 300ms of seek latency just to find the pages required to start the application because we are jumping all over the disk looking for the pieces required by the process.
Of course, the example is oversimplified - there may be pages already resident in memory which can soft faulted into the process address space; not all the process binaries in the diagram are needed for launch, and there are other optimizations at play. (Also, even with prefetch, the IO is not necessarily contiguous in terms of physical location, however, the IO is issued sequentially).
But the example gives you an idea of the problem application prefetch is intended to solve. Also keep in mind that notepad is a simple application... take a look at outlook.exe or internet explorer to see a real list of binaries in a process address space.
(Note: Solid State Disks [SSD's] come up a lot when discussing this feature. Issuing sequential IO is still very beneficial to SSD even without the rotational latency mentioned above. This is especially true on a busy device where we want to get all the startup IO into the queue together)

Anyway - To improve application launch experience the Applaunch Prefetch component was implemented way back in Windows XP as a component of the Sysmain Windows service (%systemroot%\System32\Sysmain.dll).

Applaunch prefetch attempts to improve startup time by optimizing the startup IO of windows applications. Prefetch optimizes for more sequential IO by reading the initial application IO in large efficient batches.

Prefetch achieves this optimization by monitoring the code and data required for an application to launch. The prefetcher monitors up to the first 10 seconds of application startup with heuristics to stop sooner if the launch is completed sooner (when the application stops faulting pages).

The prefetch trace data is then written to a per-application file in %systemroot%\Prefetch.

The trace file names in the prefetch directory are comprised of the application name with a hexadecimal representation of the file path (hash) and a .pf extension.
For example: c:\windows\Prefetch\WINWORD.EXE-2437DA78.pf.
Trace files (.pf) describe the pages that were historically accessed by the application during launch.
You can use Mark Russinovich' s strings application to inspect a prefetch file if you are interested.
This is the notepad.exe example from above:

When an application is launched the prefetcher looks in the prefetch directory to determine whether a .pf file is present for the application.
If the .pf file exists, the kernel component of the prefetcher issues asynchronous IOs to prefetch metadata, data, and image pages described in the trace file (.pf file).
In an effort to further optimize performance, every 72 hours during system idle time the Sysmain service provides information that can be used by the system defragmenter. The information is provided to enable defrag to physically order files and directories in the order they are referenced during application launch. This order is stored in the %systemroot%\Prefetch\Layout.ini file.
The Sysmain service does not run defragmentation, it only provides data for systems that have defragmentation enabled (SSD's have defrag off).
And that's the bulk of it.
The impact is pretty big. In some recent tests we saw between 10% and 80% improvement in application launch times across multiple devices, multiple applications, with multiple configurations doing all sorts of different things.
Interestingly, the biggest improvements are when devices are under a heavy IO load. The smallest gains are on SSD devices with no load at all. Issuing the IO in large contiguous chunks is very beneficial for application launch because the application is not constantly waiting in line behind other IO every time it needs to jump to a different binary.
You could think of it as: One person waiting in line to buy movie tickets for the whole family rather than each person doing it individually. (Especially if they turn up a few milliseconds seconds apart and having a random stranger jump into the line between you).
In the good scenario, you turn up at the counter with your five ticket requests and they are all completed at once. You head on in to the cinema, happy days.
In the bad scenario, you line up and get your ticket. Then you have to wait on your wife, who is behind some dude deciding between pop corn and a chock top. Then, you both have to wait on your son who is behind three other folk in the line... etc. Its going to take a while before you get in to the cinema because you all have to go together.
Well, its roughly the same deal for your application launch IO. We cant start till we fetch all the pages we need for launch.
Have a great weekend.


text:
Guitar Lessons Georgetown Ontario
Convenient after school and evening times available
The Academy of Music in Georgetown offers guitar lessons for children and adults of all ages
Our guitar programs combine the stability of traditional music lessons with the fun of playing the music you love. Not only will you learn songs that you really want to learn, you will also learn how to read music and guitar tabs, understand chords, rhythm, and music theory. This combined approach to guitar lessons will keep you motivated from the very first lesson, it is also a very important part of your music education.
Our one-on-one private guitar lessons mean that the teacher can focus on your individual learning style. Private lessons also mean that you are able to learn the type of music you enjoy the most. You can take private guitar lessons for 30 minutes or 1 hour.


text:
We are searching data for your request:
Upon completion, a link will appear to access the found materials.
The team of specialists has discovered several broken clay tobacco pipes, ceramic vessels and other objects that belonged to the slaves.
American archaeologists have discovered the remains of a 300-year-old slave quarter on a historic Jesuit plantation in the state of Maryland, reports St. Mary's College of Maryland.
The specialists are recoveringobjects used by slaves in the 18th century and buried in farm fields within Newtowne Neck State Park, near a mansion once occupied by Jesuit missionaries.
The team of archaeologists has discovered severalbroken clay tobacco pipes, ceramic glasses and other objects. The specialists use metal detectors to identify the location of cabins and the places where the slaves left evidence of their presence.
«The Jesuits were prolific in keeping their records, but very little has remained of the enslaved African-Americans who worked in the fields and served the Catholic Church."Says Maryland Department of Transportation Chief Archaeologist Julie Schablitsky.
«If there was once a place in Maryland that contains the history of diverse cultures converging to find religious freedom in an environment of conflict, sacrifice and survival, it is here.", has added.
Historical documents mentionthe 1838 sale of 272 Maryland slaves, including those who lived in this mansion, according to a press release. The descendants of these African Americans are found in Maryland and throughout the United States.
Dante Eubanks, a Leonardtown resident, has traced his family's ties to this plantation.
«Being able to be in the exact place where my ancestors lived and suffered is a powerful experience«, Eubanks emphasizes. «We need to remember these stories, they are important to our history and recovery", Add.


text:
The Path to a better future is one click away...
Click Visit Site below to get information from this school
Western Seminary, Portland Campus
5511 SE Hawthorne Blvd.
Portland, OR 97215
Master of Divinity (M.Div); M.A. Exegetical Theology (MAET); M.A. Specialized Ministry (MASM); M.A., Graduate Studies Certificate (GSC); Graduate Studies Diploma (GSD), Doctor of Ministry (D.Min); Doctor of Missiology (D.Miss)
The Doctor of Missiology (D.Miss.) is an advanced professional degree intended to aid in the development of leadership for the worldwide Church. The program is designed specifically for people faced with the challenge of socio-cultural changes who are serving abroad cross-culturally, as well as for those who work among ethnic groups locally or who reach out to post-modernist / pluralist / generation X. Participation of mature and experienced church leaders from Asia, Africa, and Latin America ensures cross-fertilization of perspectives and spiritual insights between North Americans and those from abroad.
The Doctor of Missiology is an accredited degree program of ATS (Association of Theological Schools of US & Canada) and NWCCU (Northwest Commission on Colleges and Universities). All classes are small, allowing personal interaction between professors and students, fostering an atmosphere beneficial for ministry mentoring. During the program students will acquire professional training, including advanced research skills and tools to teach at the post-graduate level.
At a Glance:
Classification: Specialized Institution—Theological seminary or other faith-related institution
Locale: Large City
Size & Settings: 0-999


Take the 2-minute tour ×
f:RdR≥0 is log-concave if log(f) is concave (and the domain of log(f) is convex).
Theorem: For all σ on the sphere Sd-1 and r∈R, gσ(r) := ∫σ.x=rf(x)dS(x) is a log-concave function of r. (Note: g, as a function of σ and r, is the Radon transform of f.)
Question: does this characterize log-concavity? That is, if gσ(r) is log-concave as a function of r for all σ, is f log-concave?
share|improve this question
2 Answers 2
up vote 4 down vote accepted
If I understand the question correctly, I think the answer is no.
Start with the following : if f is the indicator function of the unit ball, then the function g(r) is strictly log-concave close to 0 (this function does not depend on theta).
Now, let h be the indicator function of the ball of radius r<1. Then f-epsilon.h is never log-concave for any epsilon>0, and its Radon transform (which again is independent of theta) remains log-concave is epsilon is small enough.
(this is especially easy to see in dimension 2, in which case the Radon transforms of both f and h are second-degree polynomials on their support)
share|improve this answer
Great! Such a simple example, too. – Darsh Ranjan Oct 23 '09 at 1:28
The following answer exploits a wider context, where non-negative functions $f$, viewed as densities of absolutely continuous measures $f(x)dx$, are replaced by non-negative measures $\mu$. Because a concave function unbounded from above is $\equiv+\infty$, a log-concave measure $\mu$ is naturally an absolutely continuous measure with log-concave density.
Therefore the Lebesgue measure over the $2$-dimensional sphere $S^2$ is not log-concave over ${\mathbb R}^3$. Nevertheless, its Radon transform in a direction $\sigma$ is $$g_\sigma=2\pi\chi_{(-1,1)},$$ which is log-concave for every $\sigma$.
share|improve this answer
I like this example a lot, since a uniform measure on a sphere is far from log-concave. (And apparently I had never computed its Radon transform.) – Darsh Ranjan Sep 15 '10 at 0:18
Your Answer


text:
Effect of Admission of a Partner
Admission of a new partner is a major event in a partnership business. A new admission can take place only with the unanimous consent of all the existing partners. New partners are admitted for several reasons. Additional capital contribution, fresh ideas more contacts etc. are some of the advantages in admitting a new partner.
Following are the most important accounting aspects to be considered at the time of admission of a new partner.
1. Change in profit sharing ratio
2. Accounting treatment of Goodwill
3. Revaluation of assets and liabilities
4 Treatment of reserves and accumulated profits / losses
5. Adjustment of Capital Accounts
1. Change in Profit Sharing Ratio
When a new partner comes into the business, old partner have to adjust his profit share from their portion. Thus change in profit sharing ratio is the first accounting aspect to be considered on admission of a new partner. In academic accounting, change in profit sharing ratio can be presented in various ways:
2. The new partner's share is mentioned without specifying the old partner's profit sharing arrangement.
In this case it is to be assumed that the profit available after paying the new partner?s share is to be divided by the old partners in their old profit sharing ratio. In other words the even though the overall profit sharing ratio changes, the old ratio is still maintained between the old partners, within the new ratio.
3. Revaluation of Assets and Liabilities
Revaluation of assets and liabilities is another major step prior to admission or retirement. Revaluation is important, as there are hidden profits or losses in the difference between book value and actual market value of assets or liabilities. Revaluation is necessary whenever there is a change in profit sharing ratio, even without admission or retirement. The hidden profits or losses should be distributed in the ratio prior to change (Old ratio).
Revised values of assets and liabilities are brought into books by opening a temporary account called?revaluation account?. The purpose of revaluation account is to summarise effect of revaluation of assets and liabilities.
Revaluation account represents the combined capital account of partners. Any gain on revaluation of asset or liabilities, which are to be credited to partners, will be credited in revaluation account. Similarly any loss on revaluation will be debited in revaluation account instead of capital accounts. The revaluation account is closed by transferring its net balance to partner?s capital accounts in the profit sharing ratio.
4. Treatment of Reserves and Accumulated Profits
Accumulated profits such as general reserve, credit balance in profit &loss account etc. will be transferred to the capital accounts of old partners in the old profit sharing ratio. Similarly accumulated losses shall be transferred to the debit side of old partner?s capital accounts. Therefore these items will not appear in the new balance sheet.
5. Adjustment of Capital Accounts
When the partners change their profit sharing ratio at admission, retirement or any other reason, they also rearrange their capital accounts. Capital contribution is not essentially the basis of profit sharing. However the in most partnerships capital contribution is considered as the major factor in determining profit sharing ratio.
At the time of admission, capital contribution will be raised as an important condition. When a new partner is admitted for a certain share of profit for a certain amount of capital contribution he would naturally expect the other also maintain a capital balance matching with their profit share. Admission of a partner is not the only situation when a capital rearrangement is considered. Retirement, death or any other change in profit sharing ratio would prompt rescheduling the capital balances. The basic purpose of following?fixed capital method? is to maintain a steady capital ratio. When capital is readjusted on the basis of new partner?s capital contribution, the first step is to determine the revised capital balances of each partner. Readjustment in capital account is usually done by bringing in or taking out cash. Sometimes, in place of cash transactions, old partners may adjust their capital balances by transferring the excess or deficit in the capital accounts to their current accounts as a temporary measure. Once the capital balances are adjusted current accounts can be settled in due course.
Theory Questions 1. Explain the premium method of treatment of goodwill on admission a new partner. 2. What is sacrificing ratio on admission of a partner? 3. Give two circumstances in which sacrificing ratio must be applied. 4. Why is there a need for revaluation of assets and liabilities of a firm, if there is an admission of a new partner? 5. Explain the treatment of goodwill on admission of a partner. 6. Explain various accounting steps involved in the admission of a new partner. 7. What is meant by super profit in the valuation of goodwill? 8. Explain with reason the treatment of reserves and surplus existing in the books of the firm on admission of a partner.
1. Explain the premium method of treatment of goodwill on admission a new partner.
2. What is sacrificing ratio on admission of a partner?
3. Give two circumstances in which sacrificing ratio must be applied.
4. Why is there a need for revaluation of assets and liabilities of a firm, if there is an admission of a new partner?
5. Explain the treatment of goodwill on admission of a partner.
6. Explain various accounting steps involved in the admission of a new partner.
7. What is meant by super profit in the valuation of goodwill?
8. Explain with reason the treatment of reserves and surplus existing in the books of the firm on admission of a partner.


text:
| In 1938, the Board of Directors of the Texas A&M College authorized the development of an airport at the existing site. The University applied to the Civil Aeronautics Authority (CAA) for certification as a primary flight training school under provisions of the Civilian Pilot Training Program. In 1940, the airport was formally named for Navy Lt. Jesse L. Easterwood. Easterwood was a former student of the College who enlisted in the Naval Air Service in 1917. After being commissioned as Ensign, he was later promoted to Lieutenant in the Naval Air Service and was the second American to qualify as Naval Aviation Pilot. He served with the Royal Flying Corps in 1918 and had to his credit sixteen successful raids behind German lines. He served in three foreign countries and was killed in an airplane accident in the Canal Zone May 19, 1919. He was awarded the Navy Cross posthumously "for distinguished and heroic service as an aviator."
The original facility in 1940 consisted of one hangar and a turf landing strip and taxiway which were eventually paved through funding provided by the CAA, the Works Projects Administration (WPA), and Texas A&M. In 1948 a large hangar was relocated to the airfield from a US Army flying field near Corsicana, Texas. The FAA established a Flight Service Station (FSS) at the Airport in 1951 and Pioneer Airlines began scheduled air service in that same year. Many changes have occurred over the years including moving the Flight Service Station to Montgomery County and Continental Connection and American Eagle now provide scheduled air service.
The first control tower was erected at the Airport in 1952 and a commercial passenger terminal was constructed in 1957. Work began on an extension of Runway 16-34 to its present 7,001 foot length in 1984. At the same time the associated parallel taxiway to Runway 16-34 was also extended. In 1988, work began on improvements to the Airport access road and initial construction of a new passenger terminal began. The new McKenzie Terminal became operational in 1990. Upon completion of the McKenzie Terminal, plans were made to convert the old passenger terminal into a general aviation terminal to meet the needs of these passengers and pilots, including corporate operators that use the Airport. The old passenger facility was remodeled to meet the needs of this segment of the aviation community and re-opened for service in 1994 as a modern general aviation facility, housing line service and support personnel as well as flight operations.
The number of dignitaries and quality events supported by Easterwood far exceeds those of many airports much larger than Easterwood. The airport regularly supports dignitaries arriving for special events at the University or the George Bush Presidential Library and Museum. The airport is only two minutes from the campus or library by motorcade. This proximity to the University makes it especially desirable for visitors. Some of the special activities and guests passing through Easterwood Airport have included:
- Bush Library Opening
Easterwood Airport parked almost 200 private and corporate aircraft on the day of the library opening, the largest number ever at the airport. Special guests attending the library opening that passed through the airport included then President Bill Clinton and First Lady Hillary Clinton, Former President Gerald Ford, Former First Ladies Nancy Reagan and Lady Bird Johnson, Former President and Mrs. Jimmy Carter, Governor and Mrs. George W. Bush, Dr. Billy Graham, and Mr. Newt Gingrich.
- Athletic Events
Big 12 collegiate athletic teams regularly fly into and out of Easterwood Airport, in charter aircraft ranging in size from a King Air to a Boeing 757.
- Former President Bush's Parachute Jump
The airport served as the base for the former president's parachute jump to celebrate his 75th birthday and his 80th birthday.
- Medical Flights
The airport routinely supplies fuel, flight planning, weather and various other needs for Life Flights, Angel Flights, and Military Medi-vac flights.
- Special Guests
Special guests that have been greeted at Easterwood Airport by the Ross Volunteers include:
- Governor George W. Bush
- First Lady Laura Bush
- Former President and Mrs. George Bush
- Prime Minister Tony Blair
- Former Prime Minister John Majors
- Jorge F. Quiroga Ramirez, President of the Republic of Bolivia
- National Security Advisor Condoleeza Rice
- King Mohammed VI of Morocco
- General Norman Schwarztkopf
- Former Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev
- Governor Rick Perry
- Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Colin Powell
- Reverend Franklin Graham
- Bill Cosby and Jeff Foxworthy, entertainers for First Yell


text:
'Cat-Eye' Boy Video Said To Show Chinese Child Who Sees In Dark
By: Natalie Wolchover
Published: 01/31/2012 09:46 AM EST on Lifes Little Mysteries
According to a news reel from China, a young boy there possesses the ability to see in the dark. Like a Siamese cat's, his sky-blue eyes flash neon green when illuminated by a flashlight, and his night vision is good enough to enable him to fill out questionnaires while sitting in a pitch black room — or so say the reporters who visited Nong Yousui in his hometown of Dahua three years ago.
The footage of Nong and his strange-looking eyes originally surfaced in 2009; it got little attention at the time, but is now making a splash all over the Web. If the boy really does have a genetic mutation that confers night vision, then he would be an interesting subject for analysis by vision scientists, evolutionary biologists, and genetic engineers alike — but does he?
The experts we shared the video with say Nong does have unusually colored irises considering his ethnicity, but he's not the next step in human evolution.
Night vision is made possible by a layer of cells, called the tapetum lucidum, in the eyes of cats and other nocturnal animals. This thin layer is a "retroreflector" — when a beam of light hits it, it reflects the light directly back along its incoming path. The reflected beam constructively interferes with the incoming light beam, amplifying the overall signal that hits the retina and enabling the animal to see in very low-light conditions. Retroreflection also causes cat eyes to flash when they are lit upon at night, and experts say Nong's eyes, if they are truly catlike, should do the same. [Red-Green & Blue-Yellow: The Stunning Colors You Can't See]
"It would be easy to test the boy's eyes for retroreflection (eyeshine), which would be indicative of a tapetum lucidum," said Nathaniel Greene, a physicist at Bloomsburg University of Pennsylvania who has studied retroreflection.
In fact, such a test is run in the video.
In the footage, Nong's teacher claims the boy's eyes flash when shined with a flashlight in the dark, but the reporters don't seem to be able to catch the effect on camera. When Nong's eyes are illuminated in the dark, they appear normal. James Reynolds, a pediatric ophthalmologist at State University of New York in Buffalo, noted, "A video could capture [eyeshine] easily, just like in nature films of leopards at night."
Furthermore, there is no single genetic mutation that could produce a fully formed and functioning tapetum lucidum, Reynolds explained; such an ability would require multiple mutations, which don't just happen all at once. Evolution happens incrementally, he said, not by leaps and bounds. "Evolutionarily, mutations can result in differences that allow for new environmental niche exploitation. But such mutations are modified over long periods. A functional tapetum in a human would be just as absurd as a human born with wings. It can't happen," he told Life's Little Mysteries.
On the other hand, in the footage, the reporters gave Nong a questionnaire to fill out while sitting in a dark room, and they acted surprised by his ability to see and complete the fill-in-the-blank form. Even if he doesn't have cat eyes, he may nevertheless have unusually good night vision, Reynolds said. He could have a rod-rich retina, for example — a retina that contains a higher than usual number of cells involved in light detection. Or the video could be a total hoax.
"It is hard to say what the truth is about this boy," said Dennis Brooks, professor of ophthalmology at the University of Florida's College of Veterinary Medicine. "A good ophthalmic examination by a physician ophthalmologist is in order, I think."
- 6 Paranormal Video Hoaxes Debunked
- How Many Genetic Mutations Do I Have?
- Which Superheroes Don't Have Superpowers?


text:
Basalt America's basalt rebar (RockRebar®) was used to build the bridge without any steel reinforcement.
Prestigious Engineering Excellence Award (EEA) recognizes firms in Florida for their original or innovative applications to complex projects and studies. The annual award was established by the Florida Institute of Consulting Engineers (FICE) and the winners 2018 will receive it in April next year.
Award-winning team of students makes use of basalt rebar to solve the issues of corrosion, strength and durability of concrete structures in bridge construction. Edward A. Cespedes, CEO of Basalt America, believes that the innovation bridge on the University of Miami campus offers a glimpse of how concrete construction needs to be built in corrosion prone areas. Basalt fiber reinforcement products represent substantial improvements over steel, especially as they relate to corrosion and sustainability, extending the service life of concrete structures and eliminating maintenance costs related to corrosion.
As we informed earlier, the students of Canadian university had showcased basalt composite developed to fix bridges, and applied it in the rehabilitation of the Merrick Creek Bridge over the Detroit River.
However, the first ever built composite bridge has already turned 25. For its long service life, the bridge has experienced severe flooding, strong wind gusts and mechanical damage, being an invaluable source of data for the researchers in composite technologies.
In addition, fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composite materials have been in service on public infrastructure facilities such as bridge decks and superstructures for over ten years.
Companies: Basalt America


text:
As power densities of laser diodes continuously increase, the effects of absorption losses in fast axis collimation lenses become exceedingly important. We report our analysis of two drivers of these absorption losses, coating absorption and glass bulk absorption, and how these absorption losses cause a thermal impact and have an influence on the performance of the laser beam quality emitted from a laser diode equipped with a fast axis collimation lens on a bottom tab. The presented results are derived from finite element method (FEM) simulations and the FEM model used is based on material data from data sheets and a heat transfer coefficient derived from cooling curves of components observed by a thermal infrared camera.
Precision glass molding (PGM) is an optical manufacturing process used to hot press optical glass into a specified lens shape. This is done by taking the glass to a temperature above Tg and exerting force using an upper and lower mold. These molds will, together, give the pressed lens its shape. This study focuses on the high temperature interactions between the mold tooling material and two optical oxide glasses, Ohara's L-BAL35 and Schott's N-FK5. Flat molds were used to press flat glass work pieces at high temperature and force; key post process parameters such as sample and mold surface contamination using EDS and visible degradation via SEM were catalogued and analyzed. The molds used were bare tungsten carbide (WC) and silicon carbide (SiC) with an amorphous SiC chemical vapor deposition (CVD) coating. The results showed that raw WC molds suffered the most degradation including physical damage as well as chemical adherence and reaction. The Ti binder used in the WC as well as some the tungsten itself transferred to both glasses and caused a white reflective layer to appear on the molded glass surface. Severe damage was evident after only 2 pressing cycles with potassium from N-FK5 being the most prominent chemical contaminant. N-FK5 proved to be the more corrosive of the two glasses in all occasions. The SiC coated molds fared better in terms of degradation than the WC, however sticking of glass to mold was a problem.


Self-Organized File System For Mobile Devices | Open Innovations Framework Program FRUCT
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Self-Organized File System For Mobile Devices
The issue of limited user space is important for all mobile devices today. Any user want to use a lot of content but don't want to pay for expensive large-volume cards to store it.
So the opportunity to share data in the ad-hoc network of mobile devices is very attractive.
Imagine that the data is distributed transparently among the net instead of being stored locally on each device. Any user can use any data in this net but has to store only the part locally.
So the idea of the project is to provide ability to use much more data on device with lack of user space by distributing data among the group of such devices in assumption that they supports networking and the sets of needed data are overlapped inside this group.
We suggest to develop serverless distributed file system to provide way to distribute data among the net of Nokia Interner Tablets, to use and to modify it remotely and so on.
We suppose to use some base conceptions of serverless distribution used in xfs file system as the heart of implementation.
As the first step this file system can be implemented as a user-space programm using the Fuse (File System in User Space) software.
The developed file system has to provide common file operations along with procedures of connecting/disconnecting to the "data community", of locating newly created data, and relocating data in the case of unbalanced usage of space among the net.
 1. Proof the concept and establish requirements: obtain common use cases, review related works, identify platform constraints. - 30/12/08
 2. Design and spec. - 01/02/09
 3. First prototipe implementation - 01/03/09
 4. First port for maemo - 15/03/09
 5. Investigation, estimation of achievements, planning for next iterations - 15/04/09
 6. Public report in FRUCT seminar (April 2009)
Project Lead: Evelina Stepanova
On hold
Final deadline:
Thursday, April 30, 2009 (All day)


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documentation.suse.com / SUSE Linux Enterprise Server Documentation / GNOME User Guide / LibreOffice / LibreOffice Impress, Base, Draw, and Math
Applies to SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 12 SP5
13 LibreOffice Impress, Base, Draw, and Math
Besides LibreOffice Writer and LibreOffice Calc, LibreOffice also includes the following modules:
 - Impress
 - Base
 - Draw
 - Math
With these, you can create presentations, design databases, draw up graphics and diagrams, and create mathematical formulas.
13.1 Using presentations with Impress
Use LibreOffice Impress to create presentations for screen display or printing. If you have used other presentation software, Impress makes it easy to switch. It works very similarly to other presentation software.
13.1.1 Creating a presentation
There are two ways to create a new presentation. When starting Impress, the Select a Template dialog opens. To use one of the templates, select it and click Open. To start from scratch with no templates, close the template selection with Cancel.
13.1.2 Using master pages
Master pages give your presentation a consistent look by defining what fonts and other design elements are used. Impress uses two types of master pages:
Master slide
Contains elements that appear on all slides. For example, you might want your company logo to appear in the same place on every slide. The slide master also determines the text formatting style for the heading and outline of every slide that uses that master page, as well as any information you want to appear in a header or footer.
Master notes
Determines the formatting and appearance of the notes in your presentation.
13.1.2.1 Creating a master slide
Impress comes with a collection of preformatted master pages. To customize presentations further, create your own slide masters.
 1. Start Impress with an existing presentation or create a new one as described in Section 13.1.1, "Creating a presentation".
 2. Click View › Master Slide.
 This opens the current master slide in Master View. The Master View toolbar appears.
 3. Right-click the left-hand panel, then click New Master.
 4. Edit the master slide until it has the final look.
 Master view allows editing outline styles by directly formatting the sample text on the slide.
 5. To finish editing master slides, in the Master View toolbar, click Close Master View. Alternatively, choose View › Normal.
Tip
Tip: Collect master slides in a template
When you have created all of the master slides you want to use in your presentations, you can save them in an Impress template. Then, any time you want to create presentations that use those master slides, open a new presentation with your template.
13.1.2.2 Applying a master slide
Master slides can be applied to selected slides or to all slides of a presentation.
 1. Open your presentation.
 Tip
 Tip: Applying master slides
 To apply a master slide to multiple slides but not all slides: Select the slides that you want a slide master applied to.
 2. To select multiple slides, pressCtrl in the Slides pane while clicking the slides you want to use.
 3. In the Tasks pane, open the Master Pages pane and click the master page you want to apply. The master slide is applied to the corresponding page or pages.
 If you do not see the Task Pane, click View › Task Pane.
13.2 Using databases with Base
LibreOffice includes the database module Base for designing a database to store many kinds of information. From a simple address book or recipe file to a sophisticated document management system.
Tables, forms, queries, and reports can be created manually or by using convenient wizards. For example, the Table Wizard contains several common fields for business and personal use. Databases created in Base can be used as data sources, such as when creating form letters.
It is beyond the scope of this document to detail database design with Base. Find more information in the sources listed in Section 10.10, "More information".
13.2.1 Creating a database using predefined options
Base comes with several predefined database fields to help you create a database. A wizard guides you through the steps to create a new database. The steps in this section are specific to creating an address book using predefined fields, but it should be easy to follow them to use the predefined fields for any of the built-in database options.
The process for creating a database can be broken into several subprocesses:
13.2.1.1 Creating the database
 1. Start LibreOffice Base.
 The LibreOffice Database Wizard starts.
 You can choose between creating a new database in HSQLDB Embedded format, use an existing database file, or connecting to an existing database.
 2. Proceed with Next.
 3. In case you have created a new database, click Yes, register the database for me to make your database information available to other LibreOffice modules and select the check boxes to Open the database for editing and Create tables using the table wizard. Then click Finish. Browse to the directory where you want to save the database, specify a name for the database, then click Save.
13.2.1.2 Setting up the database table
After you have created the database, if you have selected the Create tables using the table wizard check box, the table wizard opens. If you have not, go to the Task area and click Use Wizard to Create Table. Next, define the fields you want to use in your database table.
In this example, you will set up an address database.
 1. For this example, click Personal.
 The list Sample tables changes to show the predefined tables for personal use where the address table template is. The table templates listed under Business contain predefined business tables.
 2. In the Sample tables list, click Addresses.
 The available fields for the predefined address book appear in the Available fields menu.
 3. In the Available fields menu, click the fields you want to use in your address book.
 Select one item at a time by clicking. Alternatively, to select multiple items, hold Shift and click each of the items separately.
 4. Click the icons single right arrow and single left arrow to move selected items to or off the Selected fields list.
 To move all available fields to the Selected fields menu, click the icon double right arrow.
 5. Use the icons up arrow and down arrow to adjust the order of the selected entries.
 The fields appear in the table and forms in the order in which they are listed.
 Field selection
 6. Click Next to proceed.
 7. Make sure each of the fields is defined correctly.
 You can change the field name, type, maximum characters and whether it is a required field. For this example, leave the settings as they are, then click Next.
 8. Make sure that Create a primary key and Automatically add a primary key are activated. Additionally activate Auto value.
 Proceed with Next.
 9. Give the table a name, and activate Create a form based on this table.
 Proceed with Finish.
13.2.1.3 Creating a form
Next, create the form to use when entering data into your address book.
After the previous step, you should be in the Form Wizard already. Otherwise, open it by going to the main window. Under Tables, right-click the correct table. Click Form Wizard.
 1. In the Form Wizard, click the double right-arrow icon to move all available fields to the Fields in the form list, then click Next.
 2. To add a subform, activate Add Subform, then click Next.
 For this example, accept the default selections.
 3. Select how you want to arrange your form, then click Next.
 4. Select The form is to display all data and leave all of the check boxes deactivated, then click Next.
 5. Apply a style and field border, then click Next.
 For this example, accept the default selections.
 6. Name the form, activate Modify the form, then click Finish.
13.2.1.4 Modifying the form
After the form has been defined, you can modify the appearance of the form to suit your preferences.
After the previous step, you should be in the Database Form editor already. If not, select the right form by clicking Forms in the side bar of the main window. Then, in the Forms area, right-click the correct form. Select Edit.
 1. Arrange the fields on the form by dragging them to their new locations.
 For example, move the field First Name, so it appears to the right of the field Last Name.
 2. When you have finished modifying the form, save it and close it.
13.2.1.5 Further steps
After you have created your database tables and forms, you are ready to enter your data. You can also design queries and reports to help sort and display the data.
Refer to LibreOffice online help and other sources listed in Section 10.10, "More information" for additional information about Base.
13.3 Creating graphics with Draw
Use LibreOffice Draw to create graphics and diagrams. You can export your drawings to the most common vector graphics formats and import them into any application that lets you import graphics, including other LibreOffice modules. You can also create Adobe* Flash* (SWF) versions of your drawings.
Procedure 13.1: Creating a graphic
 1. Start LibreOffice Draw.
 2. Use the toolbar Drawing at the right side of the window to create a graphic. To create a new shape or text object, use the shape buttons of the toolbar:
 - To create a single


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Overarch 2
Maximum Flow
Euler's Buckling Formula
Age 16 to 18
Challenge Level
When you apply a steadily increasing axial load to an initially-straight strut after a while it will start to bend, and then, when a critical load $P$ is reached, it will buckle. You could try it with a matchstick.
Euler showed that at the point of buckling the strut is in a static equilibrium state: like a ball balanced at the top of a slope where the slightest push will cause it to roll down. At each point along the beam the moment due to the bending stiffness and the moment due to the axial force being applied are perfectly in balance, and if you increase the load by just a tiny bit it will break.
Axially-loaded strut
By considering a general position $x$ on the deformed strut, you can derive Euler's basic formula for $P$ by constructing and solving a second order differential equation.
You need to know two new engineering formulae: The moment due to stiffness is $M = B \kappa$, where $B$ is bending stiffness (a property of the beam) and $\kappa$ is curvature. You also need to know that we can approximate $\kappa$ as $-\frac{d^2v}{dx^2}$, where $v$ is displacement in the direction perpendicular to the initial direction of the beam (see Beam Me Up for a derivation of this).


text:
This exhibit formed part of a Darwin display in South Kensington Museum during late Victorian times.
The Natural History Museum,London
Black Scandaroon from a German Pigeon show
Mick Bassett Germany
Scandaroon chick June 2010
approx 3 weeks of age
The Scandaroon is an ancient breed of fancy pigeon. It has a most distinct beak which is long and curves downwards and a striking red eye cere. Darwin called these birds Scandaroon Runts and they caught his attention.
The breed in Victorian England was only ever kept by a few fanciers, as is the case today. It is thought that the name came from the port of Scandaroon in the Levant however the breed origin is most likely to be ancient Persia. Scandaroon is the Turkish word for Alexander and it is possible that this being an old breed it was used as a message carrier by Alexander the Great in his conquests. This part of Asia is strongly associated with early pigeon breeds.
The Scandaroon used by Darwin was the Bagdotten type imported through France almost certainly coming from stock developed in Nurnburg, Germany. This is a larger bird than the type known in England and this was apparent to me when I visited the Dutch National show in January 2011.
The European Scandaroons are larger in size and weight, the beak is much stronger and longer but interestingly not as curved as its English counterpart. The feet are larger which confirms Darwin's own findings of large beak, large feet. It would seem the English fanciers have always preferred the smaller birds which have more of a curve to the beak, even 100 years ago an English fancier writing in a journal states "the German birds were too large and ugly." Darwin was interested in the extremes of types and the German type bird suited him well.
The French have developed their own type which is taller, more upright in stance and slimmer naming it the French Baghdad. So, in three countries fairly close to each other we see how Man has changed the direction a breed can be altered.
The French Baghdad has been used in crosses with several other breeds to improve and alter them such as the English Magpie which was a shorter legged, flying type pigeon in Darwin's time. I have handled one of Darwin's own Magpie specimens in the Natural History Museum at Tring which bears this out. Now, the English Magpie is both taller, more elegant and purely a show pigeon. Also in the collection at Tring is the skull of the Scandaroon donated by Darwin and it has been noted by Hein van Grouw, a Curator of Birds at the museum, that the drawing of such in Darwin's Variation and Domestication has the lower mandible missing. This intrigued Hein who checked the actual skull in the collection and found this was also missing its lower mandible. Since this discovery Katrina van Grouw has drawn a complete skull including the lower mandible. see picture on this page
Despite what seems an ungainly beak the Scandaroon is a most attentive and capable parent. Although at first glance the breed is somewhat ugly, they are calm, quiet, intelligent and interesting pigeons to keep and study. Darwin was disappointed when he lost a hen of his pair to illness.
Colours include white, black, blue, red and yellow. In England the birds shown are generally the pied version having a white head, coloured patch under the beak, mainly white wings and a coloured tail.
for Scandaroon pigeons
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Datafeedsedit
Machine learning jobs can analyze data that is stored in Elasticsearch or data that is sent from some other source via an API. Datafeeds retrieve data from Elasticsearch for analysis, which is the simpler and more common scenario.
If you create jobs in Kibana, you must use datafeeds. When you create a job, you select an index pattern and Kibana configures the datafeed for you under the covers. If you use machine learning APIs instead, you can create a datafeed by using the create datafeeds API after you create a job. You can associate only one datafeed with each job.
For a description of all the datafeed properties, see Datafeed Resources.
To start retrieving data from Elasticsearch, you must start the datafeed. When you start it, you can optionally specify start and end times. If you do not specify an end time, the datafeed runs continuously. You can start and stop datafeeds in Kibana or use the start datafeeds and stop datafeeds APIs. A datafeed can be started and stopped multiple times throughout its lifecycle.
Important
When X-Pack security is enabled, a datafeed stores the roles of the user who created or updated the datafeed at that time. This means that if those roles are updated, the datafeed subsequently runs with the new permissions that are associated with the roles. However, if the user's roles are adjusted after creating or updating the datafeed, the datafeed continues to run with the permissions that were associated with the original roles.
One way to update the roles that are stored within the datafeed without changing any other settings is to submit an empty JSON document ({}) to the update datafeed API.
If the data that you want to analyze is not stored in Elasticsearch, you cannot use datafeeds. You can however send batches of data directly to the job by using the post data to jobs API.


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1amirkabir university of technology, computer and information engineering, hlt lab
Parallel corpus in different domains from domain of parallel training corpus, may have some sentences that are useful to use in training of system. These sentences have words and phrases that are occur in in-domain corpora too. The context of these sentences is more similar to context of parallel training corpora and is far from context of out-of-domain parallel corpora that are contain them. In these paper we suggest a method based on topic models to extract some sentences from out-of-do-main parallel corpora that their context are similar. We used these extracted sentences in training of system. We will show BLEU of the system will in-crease about 4.69 BLEU.


Long Distance Correlations in Wind Power
The fact that wind patterns are coherent over large regions means wind power intensity is similar in whole countries. In particular wind generation falls to near zero frequently over whole countries and whole regions of Europe.
Although everybody knows wind fluctuates dramatically in one location, it seems to be a common belief that local lulls are compensated by generation somewhere else in the country so that overall wind generation stays high. This is not in reality the case and this page gives extensive plots as evidence for this.
Correlations between onshore and offshore wind in same country
(Generation data averaged over 1 day)
it can be seen that the correlations between onshore and offshore wind are very high for small countries (Denmark and Belgium) and lower but still very significant for larger countries (United Kingdom and Germany).
The correlation increases for averages over longer periods so the short distance plots above have averages over 1 day while those below have averages over 3 days. While the longer term averages increase the overall correlation the fraction of points wth nearly zero wind generation is reduced.
Correlations between all wind power in different countries
(Generation data averaged over 3 days)
Table of Pearson Correlation Coefficients for wind generation between countriesThe table shows the correlation between wind generation is high between neighbouring countries and decreases with increasing geographic separation.
These strong correlations mean that exchanges between adjacent countries cannot use wind electricity because the peaks and valleys are the same.


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Joseph Lincoln Steffens (April 6, 1866 – August 9, 1936) was an American journalist and one of the most famous practitioners of the journalistic style called muckraking. He is also known for his 1921 statement, upon his return from the Soviet Union: "I have been over into the future, and it works."
A better known version of his famous quote, "I've seen the future, and it works," can be found on the title page of the 1933 edition of Red Virtue, written by his wife, Ella Winter.
Steffens was born April 6, 1866, in San Francisco and grew up in Sacramento, California. He studied in France and Germany after graduating from the University of California, where he was first exposed to what were known then as "radical" political views.
This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License.
It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Lincoln Steffens."


text:
A Study on the Awareness of Teachers about Social Media
Ph.D. Research Scholar
Mother Teresa Womens' University, Kodaikanal, Tamil Nadu, India
The present study has been conducted among 72 teachers belong to various schools in all over Tamil Nadu to find out the awareness towards social media. The researcher used a self constructed tool for this research. The data collected was analysed and interpreted to draw inference using appropriate statistical methods like mean, standard deviation, t-test, and F-test. The result shows that there is a significant difference between the awareness of teachers towards social media with respect to the type of school, the teachers who have smart phones, and locality. Also it is revealed that there is no significant difference between the awareness of teachers towards social media with respect to the awareness of number of social sites and the time they spend in using social media.


text: Mother Earth Root Down 3-6-3 is a granular fertilizer designed for young starts and transplants. Bring 'em up right, right from the start with a blended fertilizer designed to encourage vigorous growth and abundant root development in young plants and seedlings. Mother Earth Root Down Plant Starter Mix 3-6-3 is a mix of fertilizers like alfalfa, fish bone meal, kelp meal and more. This blend feeds your plants the primary and secondary nutrients they need to shower you with vegetables, fruits, flowers and herbs later in life. The elevated phosphorus content encourages root growth, which is especially important for delicate young starts and transplants.


Regulation Z
The Truth in Lending Act was originally Title I of the Consumer Credit Protection Act, Pub.L. 90–321, 82 Stat. 146, enacted June 29, 1968. The regulations implementing the statute, which are known as "Regulation Z", are codified at 12 C.F.R. 226. Most of the specific requirements imposed by TILA are found in Regulation Z, so a reference to the requirements of TILA usually refers to the requirements contained in Regulation Z, as well as the statute itself.
Case Study
Mortgage Lending Expert in APR Calculation
A mortgage lending expert in APR calculation was needed for class action litigation alleging violations of the Truth in Lending Act, also known as Regulation Z.


text:
MOBA Game UI design
- 2 hours on-demand video
- 5 downloadable resources
- Full lifetime access
- Access on mobile and TV
- Certificate of Completion
Get your team access to 4,000+ top Udemy courses anytime, anywhere.Try Udemy for Business
- Design a MOBA UI inside Photoshop
- Understand using tools and layers inside photoshop
- Photoshop Layer Styles
- How to design a clean user interface
- A basic understanding of photoshop and its tools
- An appreciation of Moba genre Games
- Simple Gaming Knowledge
This course covers the basics of designing a game user interface or concept inside Photoshop. It details the tools used and also the use of layer styles to create your concept/design.
This course will help you learn the uses of certain Photoshop tools, shortcuts and layer styles at a beginner level and hopefully help you to advance your skills within this area and grow your understanding of a very powerful peice of software with a variety of uses.
This course includes the design psd as well as free resources and textures that were used in the creation of the design.
- Suited for Indie Game developers
- Esports Graphic Designers


FOX OF MAGELLAN - Origins, characteristics and photos!
Magellanic fox: find out what this animal is like, its physical characteristics, character, behavior, etc. The Magellanic fox (Lycalopex culpaeus), also known as...
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The Magellanic fox (Lycalopex culpaeus), also known as the Magellanic wolf or Andean fox, is one of the largest canids that live in South America. Its population is distributed throughout the Andes, but is concentrated more in the Patagonia region, between Chile and Argentina. Want to know more about this typical Patagonian animal? So keep reading this PlanèteAnimal page to learn all about the origin, physical characteristics, behavior and reproduction of the Magellanic fox!
Origin
 - America
 - Argentina
 - Chile
Origin of the Magellanic fox
As we just mentioned in the introduction, the Magellanic fox is a species of fox native to western South America, whose population is distributed along the Andes Cordillera, the 'Equator at the southern end of Argentine and Chilean Patagonia. It is the second largest canid living in this region, just after the maned wolf.
The first individual of this species, which would later be known as the Magellanic fox, was first described in 1782. Currently, the following six subspecies of Magellanic fox are recognized:
 - Lycalopex culpaeus smithersi
 - Lycalopex culpaeus andinus
 - Lycalopex culpaeus culpaeus
 - Lycalopex culpaeus reissii
 - Lycalopex culpaeus lycoides
 - Lycalopex culpaeus magellanicus
Physical characteristics of the Magellanic fox
If we compare this fox to other foxes in Latin America, it is a relatively large fox, whose body can measure between 60 and 103 centimeters, with a tail of 30 to 53 centimeters long. The average body weight of these canines generally ranges from 5 to 9 kilos, with the males being noticeably more robust than the females. It is also important to mention that the Magellanic foxes that live on the Big Island of Tierra del Fuego shared by Argentina and Chile, are generally much larger and more muscular. These individuals can weigh up to 14 kilos, notably surpassing other subspecies in terms of size and hardiness.
Their fur is relatively long and dense, becoming particularly thick during the winter.On their body, white or yellowish tones predominate, which mix with black in the region of the back. The ears, legs and head in turn show an intense reddish color. The tail has an even thicker coat, in which we see many grayish hairs with a black spot at the base and another at the tip. However, the Lycalopex culpaeus smithersi has an entirely reddish coat, which combines some black spots with various shades of red on its body.
Finally, there are some Magellanic foxes whose fur is completely yellowish or slightly brown, without gray or black hair on the outer layer. It is speculated that this characteristic stems from a genetic mutation that would also cause the fox's tail to be thinner and its appearance to be slimmer.
Behaviour of the Magellanic fox
The Magellanic fox maintains predominantly nocturnal habits, going hunting and feeding during the cold nights of the Andean regions, mainly when living near areas inhabited by humans.However, when living in more unspoiled areas isolated from urban centers, these foxes are also active at dusk.
In general, they are solitary animals that build their shelters inside hollow trunks or in caves. In their natural habitat, they generally move within a maximum radius of 10 km2.
As far as their feeding and hunting techniques are concerned, the Magellanic fox is an opportunistic carnivore. Its main prey are small to medium-sized mammals, such as hares, rabbits and other rodents. Finally, these animals can also catch birds, reptiles, eggs and consume certain fruits and berries to supplement their diet. In addition, thanks to their privileged size, Magellanic foxes can also hunt larger animals, such as guanacos. In times of food scarcity, mainly during winter, the Magellanic fox may also feed on carrion left behind by other predators, such as cougars.
Reproduction of the Magellanic fox
During the last weeks of winter, the male Magellanic fox begins to emit its characteristic call to attract females. The breeding season usually begins in August and lasts until the end of October. Magellanic foxes are generally monogamous and loyal to their mate, with whom they will hunt and stay together for up to six months to raise and protect their young.
Like all canids, Magellanic foxes are viviparous animals, meaning that fertilization and the development of the young take place in the womb of the mother. After mating, females experience a gestation period of 55-60 days, after which they give birth to a litter of 3-8 young in the shelter they share and protect with the male.
The males are actively involved in rearing the cubs and also take care of bringing food so that the female and her babies are well nourished and safe.From the third month of their life, the little ones begin to learn hunting techniques from their parents, with whom they will live together until the age of 9 or 10 months. They usually reach sexual maturity after completing their first year of life, when they are ready to find their mate.
Conservation status of the Magellanic fox
The Magellanic fox is currently classified as a species of "least concern" according to the IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) Red List of Threatened Species. Although its population is still abundant (especially in the Patagonia region), it has nevertheless experienced a significant reduction in recent decades.
It is therefore possible to find different states of conservation depending on the country or region where you are. For example, in Bolivia it is considered an endangered animal, while in Argentina it is a potentially vulnerable species, and in Chile there is not enough data on its population.
Magellan foxes don't have many natural predators besides the puma, but they have been hunted intensely in their territory for more than two centuries, and their habitat has been gradually reduced due to urbanization and human economic activities. It is hoped that with the expansion of national parks in the Andean countries, their population will achieve greater stability.
Magellan Fox Pictures
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(by Casual Jay)
"Pielparade" is an Afrikaans colloquial term commonly used by South African military personnel, especially servicemen and veterans of the old South African Defense Force (S.A.D.F.), which has also entered mainstream South African English as slang. The term means 'penis parades' and refers to a range of sexual games or practices in which groups of soldiers participate, supposedly to foster group cohesion. Since pielparade are taboo, and because of the controversial and sensitive nature of the activities of the S.A.D.F. during the final period of the apartheid era, pielparade are rarely written about or openly discussed in public. Pielparade have never been officially sanctioned, and their occurrence largely depended on the predilections of individual section or platoon leaders. Pielparade were also known as 'spanbou speletjies' which translates as 'team building games' or 'geesbou speletjies' ('team spirit-building games'). Apart from promoting group cohesiveness, the games were also meant to be humorous and to entertain the troops.
The most common game is known as 'laërskommel' which literally translates as 'laager milkshake' but means 'circle jerk' which is when a group of men form a circle and masturbate themselves till they ejaculate. During the nineteenth century, the ancestors of the Afrikaners, called Boers, used to create encampments formed by a circle of wagons to protect them from attacks by hostile African tribes or wild animals. These circular encampments were called laagers in Dutch which the Boers spoke at the time but their Dutch eventually evolved into Afrikaans. The Afrikaans word for 'laager' is 'laër'. The 'skommel' or 'milkshake' part of 'laërskommel' refers to male masturbation and semen which may resemble certain milkshakes.
The section or platoon would gather in the section or platoon bungalow or outside and create an area called the 'saadskietbaan'. 'Saad' means 'seed' or 'seeds' but in this context it means 'semen', 'skiet' means 'shoot' and 'baan' means 'shooting range' or 'a range for target practice'. The section or platoon leader would order participants to form a circle or line up in a row behind a line in the 'saadskietbaan'. Soldiers would then place bets on which participants would ejaculate first, last or furthest. Participants were then ordered to strip naked. The 'laërskommel' might be preceded by a 'worswedstryd' (see below) or participants were ordered to perform 'jumping jacks' or 'star jumps' which are a type of physical exercise in which the performer jumps from a standing position with the arms and legs pointing outwards. The purpose of ordering the participants to perform 'jumping jacks' was partly to humiliate them and to humour the onlookers because the participants' penises would inevitably flail up and down or side to side as they jumped. Participants would then proceed to masturbate themselves till they ejaculated. Occasionally, participants would be ordered to stimulate other participants' penises or scrotum. After the last participant had finished ejaculating, the winnings were then distributed.
Other Afrikaans slang words for 'laërskommel' include:
Kraalskommel – a 'kraal' is a traditional African village of huts surrounded by a circular fence or it is a circular enclosure for livestock; 'skommel' means 'milkshake' of which the meaning in this context is explained above.
Kringskommel – a 'kring' is a 'ring' or 'circle'; 'skommel' means 'milkshake' of which the meaning in this context is explained above.
Balskud – a 'bal' is a 'ball' but in this context it means 'testicle' and 'skud' means 'to shake'. The term also occurs in the plural, viz. ballasskud
Saadbomme – 'saad' means 'seed' or 'seeds' but in this context it means 'semen', and 'bomme' means 'bombs'.
Saadkannone – 'saad' means 'seed' or 'seeds' but in this context it means 'semen', and 'kannone' means 'cannons'.
Saadskiet – 'saad' means 'seed' or 'seeds' but in this context it means 'semen', and 'skiet' means 'shoot'.
Saadskietparade – 'saad' means 'seed' or 'seeds' but in this context it means 'semen', 'skiet' means 'shoot' and 'parade' means 'parade'.
Skietpiel – 'skiet' means 'shoot' and 'piel' means 'penis'.
Toltrekparade – 'tol' means 'dick' (i.e. slang for 'penis'), 'trek' means 'pull' and 'parade' means 'parade'
Draadtrekparade – 'draad' means 'wire' but in this context it means 'penis', 'trek' means 'pull' and 'parade' means 'parade'
Tottietrekparade – 'tottie' means 'willy' (i.e. slang for 'penis'), 'trek' means 'pull' and 'parade' means 'parade'.
Other types of pielparade:
This game derives from the Afrikaans words 'wors' which means 'sausage' and 'wedstryd' which means 'match' or 'game'. Participants would take bets to see whose penises were the longest or shortest or thickest, and the money or whatever was being bet would then be distributed to the winners.
This game derives from the Afrikaans words 'hand' which means 'hand' and 'stoot' which means 'push'. Participants would stand naked in a row and thrust their erect penises in their hands till they ejaculated, basically as if they were having sex with their own hands. Bets would be placed on who could ejaculate first, last or the furthest.
This game derives from the Afrikaans words 'olifant' which means 'elephant' and 'loop' which means 'walk'. Participants would be ordered to stand naked in a column. Each soldier would take hold of the penis of the soldier in front of him by putting his hands between the soldier's legs from behind, as well as the penis of the soldier behind him. The participants would then be ordered to walk, to the amusement of the onlookers.
This game derives from the Afrikaans words 'kussing' which means 'cushion' or 'pillow' and 'kannon' which means 'cannon'. Participants would be ordered to strip naked, make their penises erect and then rub them against a pillow or cushion till they ejaculate. As with other pielparade, bets would be placed on which participant would ejaculate first or last or the furthest.
This game derives from the Afrikaans word for 'doll house'. A soldier would bring a woman, usually a prostitute, to the platoon bungalow and have sex with her while other troops watch. Sometimes the woman would be aware and sometimes the woman would be unaware that she was being watched. The troops watching would be ordered to masturbate and ejaculate while watching.
This game derives from the Afrikaans words 'flamink' which means 'flamingo' and 'bomme' which means 'bombs'. Flamingos sleep by balancing on one leg. In this game, participants would be ordered to strip naked and stand on one leg by holding the other leg by the foot behind the back. The participants would then be ordered to masturbate and ejaculate while trying to balance on one leg. The participants had to masturbate with the hand which they did not usually use to masturbate. If the participants failed to maintain their balance, they would be punished with an 'opfok' (literally 'up-fuck', or 'fuck up') which was a series of punishment exercises like push-ups, running, jumping jacks, etc.
This game derives from the Afrikaans words 'swaard' which means 'sword' and 'geweer' which means 'gun' and is also jokingly known as 'penis fencing' or 'sword-fighting'. This game was essentially a form of frottage; direct penis-to-penis contact, in which participants would use their penises as 'swords' in a 'swordfight', which usually involved the competitive element of trying to make the other participant ejaculate first.
This game derives from the Afrikaans words 'jags' which means 'horny' and 'bly' which means 'to remain'. The section or platoon leader would order the soldiers to strip naked and masturbate. The participants would then engage in edging or orgasm control which is a sexual technique that involves a high level of sexual arousal for an extended period of time without reaching orgasm. The competitive aspect of this game would be to see which soldier could continue masturbating the longest without having an orgasm.
Eensame kannon or Lekkende kraan or Kraanspuit
"Eensaam' means 'lonely' and 'kannon' means 'cannon'; 'lekkende' means


Sarojini Naidu is a well known poet of India. She was known as "The Nightingale of India". Her poems are noted for their expression of various shades of romantic sensibilities and fervour. Naidu's poems ensemble the elements of whole of the Indian culture and civilization. Her poems are the mirror of the time which she lived in. "The Bangle Sellers" is no exception to the above ideas. It explores the life of Indian woman, the Indian cultures and traditions revolving around women. In its Indianness, this poem to similar to another poem of hers, "In the Bazaars of Hyderabad".
The poem begins with the speakers introducing themselves as the bangle sellers who sell their bangles at the temple fair. These bangle sellers are calling out people to buy their bangles for their daughters and wives. The Indianness of the setting and the poem is evident from the use of words like "temple fair" and "lustrous tokens of radiant lives". A temple fair is a typical Indian setting because of its rich cultures of temples and temple goers. Bangles, in Indian culture, are associated with happiness and prosperity and bought on special occasions. Bangles are also an important ornament for beautification of women in Indian society.
The poet, through the bangles of different colours, talks about the different stages in the life of women. The second stanza talks about the maiden life of women. Naidu puts this idea into her readers with her choice of words. Words like "maiden wrists", "buds that dream" and "new born leaves" all depict something that is young. As mentioned earlier, different coloured bangles are worn by women in different stages of life. Silver and Blue coloured bangles like the mountain mist, or green coloured like the new leaves. Blue, Silver or Green coloured bangles are generally worn by young maidens.
In the third stanza, poet talks about bridal stage in the life of a women. Again words like "bridal morn", "marriage fire", "bridal tear" and "bridal laughter" signify this idea of the poet. The bangle seller states that the bangles which are yellow in colour like "fields of sunlit corn" are perfect for a bride on her bridal morning. Bangles which are similar in colour to the marriage fire also represent the same. The words "bridal laughter and bridal tears" are very striking. It expresses both her joy of starting a new life with her husband and the sorrow of leaving her parents behind. These words also convey the transition in life from maiden to a wife.
In the last stanza of the poem, the poet talks about the middle-aged women who has journeyed through her life. The purple and gold flecked grey bangles suit these women. The poet then, states what she perceives qualities of a good wife are. The attributes of a good wife, according to the poet, are that she should have raised her children well, she should have remained faithful to her husband and family. Also note should be made of the word 'son', this could just be a coincident or as mentioned earlier, the representation of the time in which Sarojini Naidu lived where more preference was given to a male child. If we exclude the minor blip in the last, this poem is a celebration of female life.
The poem is filled with used of similes. The poet uses colours of bangles associates it to the different stages in the life of a women. While describing the colours suitable for maidens, the poet uses,
Silver and blue as the mountain mist", and
Some are flushed like the buds that dream"
In the third stanza, the poet compares the colours of bangle for a bride to the "fields of sunlit corn" and "flame of her marriage fire".
"Like her bridal laughter and bridal tear"
This simile is used to describe the joys and sorrows of getting married. Not only similes but metaphors are also used to make comparisons. In the first stanza, bangles the described as "Rainbow-tinted circles of light" and "shining loads". Young maidens are compared to the "buds that dream".
The words "buds that dream" is also an example of imagery as it presents before us an image of young girls dreaming of marriage. Other examples of imagery in the poem are "mountain mist", "new born leaves" and "flame of her marriage fire". They enhance the beauty of the scene.
The poet uses anaphora while describing the ideal wife. The last three lines of the poem begin with the word "and" to emphasize on the incidents marking woman a good wife. Alliteration is another literary device used by the poet. The /h/ sound in the lines
Or, rich with the hue of her heart's desire", and
Whose hands have cherished, whose love has blest
is an example of alliteration.
The Bangle Sellers is a lyric poem written in four stanzas of six line each. The rhyme scheme is 'AABBCC'. It follows no particular metrical style. There is no single speaker in the poem, though it may seem that there is only one speaker but it is not the case. The poet uses different speakers to give a 'class essence' to the bangle sellers. It has a definite structure. The first stanza acts as an introduction while the next three stanzas represent three different stages in the life of a women.
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