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Math::PlanePath::ChanTree -- tree of rationals
use Math::PlanePath::ChanTree; my $path = Math::PlanePath::ChanTree->new (k => 3, reduced => 0); my ($x, $y) = $path->n_to_xy (123);
This path enumerates rationals X/Y in a tree as per
Song Heng Chan, "Analogs of the Stern Sequence", Integers 2011, _URL_
The default k=3 visits X,Y with one odd, one even, and perhaps a common factor 3^m.
14 | 728 20 12 13 | 53 11 77 27 12 | 242 14 18 11 | 10 | 80 9 | 17 23 9 15 8 | 26 78 7 | 6 | 8 24 28 5 | 5 3 19 4 | 2 6 10 22 3 | 2 | 0 4 16 52 1 | 1 7 25 79 241 727 Y=0 | +-------------------------------------------------------- X=0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
There are 2 tree roots (so technically it's a "forest") and each node has 3 children. The points are numbered by rows starting from N=0. This numbering corresponds to powers in a polynomial product generating function.
N=0 to 1 1/2 2/1 / | \ / | \ N=2 to 7 1/4 4/5 5/2 2/5 5/4 4/1 / | \............ / | \ N=8 to 25 1/6 6/9 9/4...... 5/9 9/6 6/1 N=26...
The children of each node are
X/Y ------------/ | \----------- | | | X/(2X+Y) (2X+Y)/(X+2Y) (X+2Y)/Y
Which as X,Y coordinates means vertical, 45-degree diagonal, and horizontal.
X,Y+2X X+(X+Y),Y+(X+Y) | / | / | / | / X,Y------- X+2Y,Y
The slowest growth is on the far left of the tree 1/2, 1/4, 1/6, 1/8, etc advancing by just 2 at each level. Similarly on the far right 2/1, 4/1, 6/1, etc. This means that to cover such an X or Y requires a power-of-3, N=3^(max(X,Y)/2).
Chan shows that these top nodes and children visit all rationals X/Y with X,Y one odd, one even. But the X,Y are not in least terms, they may have a power-of-3 common factor GCD(X,Y)=3^m for some m.
The GCD is unchanged in the first and third children. The middle child GCD might gain an extra factor 3. This means the power is at most the number of middle legs taken, which is the count of ternary 1-digits of its position across the row.
GCD(X,Y) = 3^m m <= count ternary 1-digits of N+1, excluding high digit
As per "N Start" below, N+1 in ternary has high digit 1 or 2 which indicates the tree root. Ignoring that high digit gives an offset into the row of that tree and the digits are 0,1,2 for left,middle,right.
For example the first GCD is at N=9 with X=6,Y=9 common factor GCD=3. N+1=10="101" ternary, which without the high digit is "01" which has a single "1" so GCD <= 3^1. The mirror image of this point is X=9,Y=6 at N=24 and there N+1=24+1=25="221" ternary which without the high digit is "21" with a single 1-digit likewise.
For various points the power m is equal to the count of 1-digits.
k => $integer parameter controls the number of children and top nodes. There are k-1 top nodes and each node has k children. The top nodes are
k odd, k-1 many tops, with h=ceil(k/2) 1/2 2/3 3/4... (h-1)/h h/(h-1)... 4/3 3/2 2/1 k even, k-1 many tops, with h=k/2 1/2 2/3 3/4... (h-1)/h h/h h/(h-1)... 4/3 3/2 2/1
Notice the list for k odd or k even is the same except that for k even there's an extra middle term h/h. The first few tops are as follows. The list in each row is spread to show how successive bigger h adds terms in the middle.
k X/Y top nodes --- --------------------------------- k=2 1/1 k=3 1/2 2/1 k=4 1/2 2/2 2/1 k=5 1/2 2/3 3/2 2/1 k=6 1/2 2/3 3/3 3/2 2/1 k=7 1/2 2/3 3/4 4/3 3/2 2/1 k=8 1/2 2/3 3/4 4/4 4/3 3/2 2/1
As X,Y coordinates these tops are a run up along X=Y-1 and back down along X=Y+1, with a middle X=Y point if k even. For example,
7 | 5 k=13 top nodes N=0 to N=11 6 | 4 6 total 12 top nodes 5 | 3 7 4 | 2 8 3 | 1 9 2 | 0 10 1 | 11 Y=0 | +------------------------------ X=0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 k=14 top nodes N=0 to N=12 7 | 5 6 total 13 top nodes 6 | 4 7 5 | 3 8 N=6 is the 7/7 middle term 4 | 2 9 3 | 1 10 2 | 0 11 1 | 12 Y=0 | +------------------------------ X=0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Each node has k children. The formulas for the children can be seen from sample cases k=5 and k=6. A node X/Y descends to
k=5 k=6 1X+0Y / 2X+1Y 1X+0Y / 2X+1Y 2X+1Y / 3X+2Y 2X+1Y / 3X+2Y 3X+2Y / 2X+3Y 3X+2Y / 3X+3Y 2X+3Y / 1X+2Y 3X+3Y / 2X+3Y 1X+2Y / 0X+1Y 2X+3Y / 1X+2Y 1X+2Y / 0X+1Y
The coefficients of X and Y run up to h=ceil(k/2) starting from either 0, 1 or 2 and ending 2, 1 or 0. When k is even there's two h coeffs in the middle. When k is odd there's just one. The resulting tree for example with k=4 is
k=4 1/2 2/2 2/1 / \ / \ / \ 1/4 4/6 6/5 5/2 2/6 6/8 8/6 6/2 2/5 5/6 6/4 4/1
Chan shows that this combination of top nodes and children visits
if k odd: rationals X/Y with X,Y one odd, one even possible GCD(X,Y)=k^m for some integer m if k even: all rationals X/Y possible GCD(X,Y) a divisor of (k/2)^m
When k odd GCD(X,Y) is a power of k, so for example as described above k=3 gives GCD=3^m. When k even GCD(X,Y) is a divisor of (k/2)^m but not necessarily a full such power. For example with k=12 the first such non-power GCD is at N=17 where X=16,Y=18 has GCD(16,18)=2 which is only a divisor of k/2=6,


- Matias Munoz
Aluminum, Silver, and CopperFree Mirror, what's the difference?
Updated: May 19, 2020
Most of us have gone at least once in our lifetime to a home-center, a Bathroom retailer looking to buy a mirror either because we broke ours, or we are moving to a bigger house, or just to change the looks in our baths or even sometimes we just stopped by because the store's Mirrors display has caught our attention among other reasons.
We go inside, we take a look at their products, and then we come to that vital point before taking out our money to COMPARE.
Owners can not blame customers for trying to go for the cheaper options, as uneducated buyers of the product, besides price and design we have very little to look upon.
but there are some points that are pretty much critical when it comes to the duration of the mirror that we are going to buy, we will break down one of the most important on this article: THE MIRROR COATING.
What's a mirror coating?
Mirrors are widely used in decoration among other industries because of its reflective properties, well guess what, the reflective property of mirrors come from coating a layer deposited on the surface of the glass, making it reflective and in some times make better reflections or give a higher reflection on some specific colors.
Are all reflective coatings the same?
No, they change depending on the material used, some of them are more reflective, others can be more durable and resistant to rust.
Mirrors Coatings, from what are they made of?
They are mainly made of Metal plating in most cases, which means deposing metals on the surface of the glass, like Gold, Platinum, Silver, Copper, etc. But hold on, this doesn't mean you can go to a pound store and sell your mirror as per its weight on Gold or Silver.
The most popular household mirrors are just made of Aluminum or Silver coating, and the amount of metal deposition is minimal,so it wont turn out to be of great value incase you plan to become a metal trader.
So, Why Mirror Coatings are important?
For commercial and household use, there are two important factors: Percentage of Reflection and Durability (resistance to rust).
When people buy mirrors for their house, they want it to look good, don't have either black spots, or waves in the reflection neither less dramatic feel, all these issues are highly influenced by the quality of the back coating.
Different percent of metals used on the glass coating result to a variable reflectance, also if less carefully manufactured, it's more likely to see bubbles or waves in the mirror. These problems come directly from the mirror manufacturer most of the time.
Aluminum Mirror, the cheaper contender
Aluminum Mirrors reflect only 90% of the light, which means you get a less vibrant reflection and colors from the mirror itself. Although they are a cheaper option, most of the time these mirrors come with waving issues and their coating is thinner, which makes it easier to scratch.
Aluminum being a more reactive metal compared to Silver oxidizes much faster in the presence of moisture, not the ideal case for a mirror you want to install in your bathroom or the exterior.
Even for some regions where the humidity is higher, these mirrors can oxidize within 3 months, presenting black edges and ruining the aesthetics.
Silver Mirror, competitive and efficient
Silver Mirrors reflect up to 95% of the light spectrum, they are popular among women due to its vivid reflection and much warmer colors. Despite their higher cost, most consumers prefer it, and until a few years ago it was a synonym of quality in Mirrors.
Silver coated layers are also much thicker and rust-resistant, and despite being cleaned with more corrosive chemicals they last longer than aluminum mirrors.
In some cases with a good care Silver Mirrors can last up to three years without getting oxidized.
Most of the home decorations and bathroom mirrors nowadays are silver coated, making it a standard product in most markets.
Copper-free Mirror, the absolute excellence
If we have to compare mirrors then, Copper-free mirrors are the absolute winners in every aspect, they are more resistant to environmental factors. Highly reflective as a silver mirror and also environmentally friendly with lead content of <1 ppm. Their manufacturing process is much advanced which also makes it a higher quality product.
The benefits of a Silver Mirror, but better!
Copper-free mirrors are made out of the silver coating as its main reflective material, which allows them to give that vibrant reflection that women love so much from the Silver Mirror. But at the same time, it has several improvements that make it a higher quality mirror compared to silver.
Highly Durable, the best for long life use.
Copper and lead, present on the regular Aluminum and Silver coated mirrors are highly corrosive and can be easily oxidized.
By taking out the Copper and Lead from the coatings, and also using Silver Nitrate to give the glass its reflection, Copper-free Mirrors become much more resistant to rust.
The mirrors we use in Yoway include an extra Antioxidant layer to protect furthermore the mirror from corrosive chemicals, moist and water.
Due to its composition normal copper free mirrors are expected to last 3 to 4 years without presenting rust. Meanwhile Yoway products made on Copper-Free Mirrors are expected to last up to 6 years without presenting rusty edges.
Modern Process of manufacture, flawless results.
The copper-free coating process is relatively new and it's been constantly improving since it has been introduced to the market, so it's less likely to have waves or bubbles as a final result of the process.
As the manufacturing cost is higher than regular mirrors, so to increase efficiency, better quality glass material is used in addition to the advanced layer coating process, making it an overall better product than Aluminum and Silver Mirror.
The first and only Environment-Friendly Mirror
Being the first mirror to be manufactured without lead and Copper, makes the process more environment friendly and reduces the carbon footprint of the finished products.
By reducing the copper content to a minimum in the layering process, heavy contaminating chemicals like Ammonia need not be used for the treatment of glass surface, instead, the glass is covered with more highly resistant protective paint to enhance its durability.
The manufacturing process of these mirrors allows us to take out the lead from the protective paint also, allowing this mirror to be more compatible with higher grade silicones in the after processing.
Overall Copper-free Mirrors products have less impact on the environment and are much easier to recycle, plus they reduce the need for short-lasting products, therefore reducing the continuous contamination.
On the long run, they are also budget-friendly mirrors
Considering that when people buy mirrors or any other type of bathroom or house furniture, it is meant to last at least 5 to 6 years without issues.Their main purpose is decoration for sustainable amount of time.
But what happens when mirrors get rusted quickly and lose their aesthetics? need to change for a new one!.
But how to notice the difference?
It's very hard at simple sight to notice what type of mirrors are being offered, only after several months or years, we can really find out.
From the back, they might all look the same, and despite some suppliers will tell you their mirrors are Copper-free, when it comes to negotiating the price, they won't hesitate to change to Silver and sometimes even to Aluminum Mirror just to close the deal, without the customer even realizing the reality.
Still you can scratch the back part of the mirror and find out, but that will probably ruin your mirror...
Some manufacturers use distinctive painting on the mirror coatings that can differentiate them (some more greenish, others little gray), although nowadays silver mirrors can come in all back paint colors, as well as Aluminum mirrors do the same.
There are only two ways to certainly noticed if your supplier is offering you Copper-free or other types of mirror: The price and the Supplier's reputation.
Copper-free Mirrors usually range on the high-value products price, their manufacturing cost is much higher than the other coated mirrors, and despite what sellers can say, it's almost impossible to buy Copper-free Mirror at the value of a Silver or Aluminum Mirror, don't get cheated on negotiating prices!
On the other hand, a good supplier will always insist on you to select Copper-free instead of Silver of Aluminum, they will mention and promote it several times, explaining the advantages of choosing those coated layers instead of others, despite the price, they look for longer and stable business relationships, offering long-lasting products is indeed part of the deal.
Even when it comes to making a change in the price, they will clearly point out the use of other materials.
Always choose Copper-free, even if it hurts your pocket at the beginning.
The difference in quality is so much, and the difference in price is more than justified, not to say you will be running fewer risks. In the long-run, Copper-free will always save you more money than the one you spent.
When it comes to selecting a product for your own house or business, choose something reliable and worth yourself, don't settle for less.
Yoway Electric Technology Co. Ltd is a mirror manufacturing company based in Shandong province, China.
We have been manufacturing and supplying mirrors from past 10 years to top distributors and importers worldwide.
For more information on what we do visit our website or drop an email at _EMAIL_.
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potential and energy
Formed in 2017, The Mill's mission is to foster collaborations (on both the individual & organizational levels) with the purpose of developing revolutionary ideas in the arts and humanities. These multi-disciplinary initiatives are coupled with youth education, mentorship, and supportive infrastructure.
The original Arlington gristmill (built in 1764) used the river's potential energy to create product. THE MILL similarly believes in potential and energy. The original buildings serve as a "Hub" for connectivity, but THE MILL's reach is far beyond the local campus.
So - What is THE MILL?
- THE MILL is a safe-space to create new works of theatre, art, dance, music, literature, poetry, architecture, design, television, film, & digital media.
- THE MILL will offer Special Events; Classes; Workshops; Performances of Theater, Music, Art, & Dance; Exhibitions, Concerts, Staged Readings, Screenings, and a Resource/Research Center.
- THE MILL offers the opportunity for established artists to explore their different talents for personal growth.
- THE MILL provides up-and-coming creatives the chance to learn from the best - and from one another. Mentoring is central to the mission of THE MILL. We hope that established artists will take this opportunity to groom the next generation of aspiring creatives – and that the young talented alumni will return to THE MILL in the future – as mentors. With time, the extensive alumni network will enhance and expand opportunities for future generations. Creative legacy and the direct sharing of artistic traditions from generation to generation are fundamental to the philosophy of THE MILL.
- THE MILL fosters creative collaborations and welcomes unexpected combinations. It is a meeting place for conversation and debate.
- THE MILL encourages young creatives to develop key life skills to engage and serve their communities in a positive way. THE MILL builds creative confidence and instills pride of ownership in our youth – with the goal of turning imagination into action. The hopeful outcome is youth retention and increased ingenuity - with the goal of inspiring the entrepreneurial spirit and community empowerment.
- THE MILL is an historic campus, which will grow over time with a keen eye focused on providing the needed infrastructure for the development of future initiatives and innovation. Creative vision cannot be realized without space and tools. Currently under construction is a state-of-the-art sound studio. THE MILL believes in the adaptive re-use of historic buildings. The rehabilitation, restoration, re-invention and transformation of these spaces not only demonstrates imagination and ingenuity, but signals to our youth that taking care of our past is key to a brighter future.
- THE MILL is an opportunity to drive awareness and tourism to the region with a focus on the arts and humanities. Supporting the creative economy and fostering collaborations at the organizational level between cultural institutions for optimal synergy and opportunity is fundamental to the philosophy of THE MILL.
- THE MILL serves as a creative retreat, where artists, musicians, dancers, writers, and historians can pause and refresh – in addition to showcasing their talents.
Education Never Stops
Peter's Brook never stops flowing behind THE MILL. Similarly, THE MILL is a space for lifelong learning.
THE MILL's unique arts education program has four key components:
- Life skills – THE MILL develops initiatives that encourage active listening, open communication, flexibility, the ability to improvise, skills of observation and organization, time-management, teamwork, conflict resolution, and confidence. At THE MILL, we firmly believe that innovation begins when a) a complex challenge is identified, b) the applied constraints are understood and c) inspired solutions are developed. Of course, the ability to articulate the complex challenge, the constraints, and the proposed solution is the final key skill that must be developed for a successful realization of the vision.
- Technical skills – THE MILL recognizes that not everyone will be able to articulate their thoughts in words or share their ideas in pictures. Some great talents are best demonstrated through common trade skills, such as carpentry, sewing, electrical work, welding, lighting, etc. Since the best learning connects technology and the humanities, THE MILL supports the development of these skills, because - while all of these can certainly be applied to theater, film, digital media, costuming, sound recording, etc. - they can also lead to future opportunities in engineering, the sciences and common trades. Not every young artist will desire to pursue a professional career in the arts. Providing our youth with the basic skills and confidence to succeed in their chosen careers is an equally satisfying and very worthy outcome.
- History – THE MILL develops programs that explore art and literature in the context of history – and specifically, how history and current events affect the creative process – and vice versa.
- Mentoring – THE MILL connects artists of different generations and encourages mentoring. There is nothing more palpable than the kinetic energy that occurs when enthusiastic youth get to learn from experienced mentors. There is nothing more fulfilling to mentors than to share their knowledge, hard-earned skills, and legacy with the next generation.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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One little-known fundraising option is private lending through "family offices."
In 1882, John D. Rockefeller established a family office, an organization of business and financial professionals charged with managing the growing portfolio of Rockefeller family investments.
Today, Rockefeller & Co. is registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission and provides the same services to select high-net-worth investors, which includes individuals as well as foundations, nonprofit organizations and other family offices, outside of the Rockefeller family.
Image via Rockefeller & Co.
As Forbes points out, family offices have grown in popularity in tandem with the boom in private wealth creation. A number of variations of the family office model have emerged to address the complex and specific needs of the ultra-wealthy.
In addition, thanks to a loophole that allows such organizations that do not rely on outside investments to fund their activities to avoid most regulation, family offices are becoming major players in financial markets.
There are now more than 3,000 family offices in the U.S. As they become less about managing existing wealth and more about investing capital, family offices are to 2015 what hedge funds were to previous decades—which explains why so many hedge funds are converting to family offices.
Related Article: 10 Things You Should Never Do While Pitching an Investor
Using Family Office Financing
One development of particular interest is a growing inclination to lend money to start-ups and small/medium sized businesses. Family offices are going out of their way to identify creative investments in entrepreneurial ventures, especially in businesses that are outside their own area of expertise, Forbes reports. Sometimes family offices seek to invest in local businesses as a way to contribute to the community. In addition, many family offices manage the wealth of entrepreneurs who are themselves eager to promote the next promising generation of start-ups.
A chief advantage for the family office directly investing in a start-up is that it avoids committing capital through intermediary fund managers, as was traditionally the case in public markets. This saves on management fees from 1.5 to 2 percent as well as up to 20 percent of profits that typically go to fund managers.
However, family offices are often overlooked by small business as a funding source, if only because many people aren't generally aware of them and how they work.
Related Article: Why We Said No to Investors
What's the Advantage of Family Office Funding?
Family offices provide financing when other funding sources can't or won't do so.
For example, in Britain, a family office has established a £5 million fund to direct loans to hard-pressed growth businesses struggling to obtain financing. One recent beneficiary of a £150,000 loan is Metall-FX, which specializes in applying real metal finishes to a variety of surfaces and has worked on a number of Hollywood films, including the Harry Potter franchise.
Additional advantages include:
- Direct connection to a potentially valuable mentor. While venture capitalists also provide mentoring support to start-ups, the very nature of a family office tends to make them a little more patient in getting a return. It's often the case that the family the office represents has been in your shoes, and is more likely to sympathize with your situation if and when setbacks occur.
- Because family offices have a minimum of $100 million in assets, they are a more reliable funding partner than other options. This particularly helpful when market conditions are fluctuating or are otherwise uncertain, which is when new investing tends to decline.
- As the Small Business Investor Alliance points out, family offices typically have a better understanding of middle market companies, are more flexible and are not constrained by committee "groupthink" common to most public institutions.
- Family offices represent someone who knows something about getting rich.
All that considered, the question may not be so much why you should consider family office funding, but why wouldn't you?

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


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Henry Fairfield Osborn was an American naturalist, notable for his involvement in and contribution to many environmental organizations.
Osborn was born in Princeton, New Jersey, in 1887. He attended both Princeton and Cambridge Universities, after which he worked in a variety of jobs, including as a soldier in World War I.
Having followed his paleontologist father on archeological digs, however, Osborn became interested in science as a career. He soon became secretary of the New York Zoological Society and went on to serve for many years as its president. He also worked
to support the creation of the Marine Aquarium at Coney Island, New Jersey, and the upkeep of the Bronx Zoological Park. Concerned for endangered species, in 1947 Osborn also founded the Conservation Foundation, an adjunct to the New York Zoological Society and later part of the World Wildlife Fund.
Osborn took his environmentalism to Washington, D.C. He served on the
Conservation Advisory Committee of the U.S. Department of the Interior and on the Planning Committee of the Economic and Social Council of the United Nations.
Osborn was also concerned about the effect of population growth on the supply of natural resources, and he worked for solutions to this problem. He wrote two books, Our Plundered Planet (1948), and The Limits of the Earth (1953). He was a member of many other environmental organizations
including the Save-the-Redwoods League and the International Council for Bird Preservation. Henry Osborn died in 1968.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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This is an entry level system at the lowest possible cost. The lightweight housing will be suitable for most bioreactors and is ideal for 25mm diameter side mounted probes.
The Futura is a new generation of compact, lightweight biomass monitoring instrumentation that can be used on conventional and disposable bioreactors.
The Aber Futura is the complete instrument; it has all the biomass monitoring processing power contained within a compact housing. Each connected probe has unique calibration data stored in a micro-processor within the probe body allowing the Futura to automatically detect and identify the connected probe. Information on the probe life cycle can be provided by an intelligent sensor management software system.
Like all Aber products, the Futura can be provided with full IOQ documentation making it the ideal choice for cGMP cell culture. Changes to the Futura configuration are tracked in it's integral 2 gigabyte memory so a full audit trail is always available.
The Futura will be offered in three configurations to meet your needs. In each case, no additional transmitter or complex multiplexer is required and the customer can use their own PC or fermenter control system(including via OPC) to configure the simple options for measuring different cell types. There is no restriction on the number of instruments that can be controlled from a PC or control system. The Standard Futura can be provided with a low cost PLC based colour touch screen if a local display is required.
To View & download our most recent Futura Brochure, please follow this link: FUTURA Brochure
To view details on an ABER distributor in your region, click here


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Skip to Main Content
The downlink performance enhancement provided by dual antenna terminals in a WCDMA network is evaluated. A UMTS network is taken as a case study and the behaviour of conventional power based radio resource management algorithms is discussed for both circuit and packet switched services. The aim is to clarify: (i) what the available capacity gain is; (ii) whether it is possible to capture this capacity gain without any higher layer overhead; and (iii) how the capacity is distributed among the users. A theoretical analysis of the dependency of the capacity gain upon the proportion of dual antenna terminals is conducted and the outcome matches the simulation results. Moreover, the impact of soft handover on the performance gain is considered. Furthermore, it is shown that the system becomes hard limited due to lack of channelisation codes, rather than excessive interference.


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Exhibition space: Active seeing – a feast for the eyes
Liz Coats has devoted decades to researching the interaction of paint colours and how people perceive them. Simon Jenkins reports.
The work of Liz Coats mesmerises. Just like a kaleidoscope showing various prisms of light and colour that partially cross over each other and enhance those beneath, her abstract paintings draw the viewer ever deeper into their centre (almost intentionally as if to attract and capture their sight forever). At the same time, they treat the eye to a feast of colour that evokes visual insight in the present moment.


Digital Recruitment In Nigeria
The digitization of the recruitment process in Nigeria is still in its infant stage.
Few of the businesses I have come across have not digitized their human resource system talk less of recruitment.
In many organizations, the only digitized platform you may see is the employee data management portal. Every other thing is manual.
For those who care to know, its
Digital recruitment also means recruiting via digital platforms or if you will, social media platforms which include:
1. Facebook.
2. LinkedIn.
3. Twitter.
4. Instagram
Other traditional methods are:
1. Newspapers.
2. Post cards/ bills
3. Radio, TV
4. emails.
In Europe, the use of digital recruitment is at an all time high, rising to an astounding 94% of recruiters using digital platforms to hire candidates over the last six years.
So are there any benefits of using these social media platforms for recruitment? The answer is yes, and the statistics remain impressive. I found the following very interesting
# 73% of job applications have been successfully filled through the uses of social media.
# 42% of companies say that the quality of their candidates has improved.
# 20% of companies say that it takes less time to hire their candidates when using social media.
# 31% of companies that used social media to recruit saw an increase of employee referrals.
# 65% of companies that used social media to recruit compensate employees for referrals.
Its difficult to get a hang of data in Nigeria
To make things clear, what is digital recruitment?
Digital recruitment is the process of recruiting, head-hunting and searching for a prospective candidate to match their skills and experience to a prospective employer through chats or calls about a new opportunity with the aid of a blend of social profiles like LinkedIn and HR software that work simultaneously to seek out these ideal candidates.
Typically, here is a simplified example of how a digital recruitment process would be:
1. Understand what you are looking for i.e
a) What role you want filled
b) What specifications the job entails
c) The description
d) The relevant skills and experience needed
e) The background you are looking for etc.
This is why its important that we use the right titles and descriptions for our profiles on LinkedIn
2. Head-hunt
Recruiters use any of the social media platform and its highly important that when you are registering or creating an account that you use the right description.
Keywords are typed in search engines or on those social media platforms and the results are perused for specific profiles.
People have also been warned to desist from posting things that could become a contradiction to the kind of image you are trying to show to your professional networks.
3. Connect.
Here you request for a chat with the prospect via;
a) Skype.
b) Call.
c) Other comfortable platform that is comfortable with both partners.
4. Decide to proceed.
After the chat you can decide to proceed by requesting for the CV which you store in the data bank which is automated. The data bank can have certain commands other to access the resume easily such as;
a) Prospect name
b) Job title
c) Medium CV was received.
If you will not be proceeding with prospect after the chat, it is better to use a style where the candidate is told immediately about the status. It may require experience to pull this through.
5. Interview, tests or simulations
We all know how this works.
6. If employed, employee profile is immediately created and stored in data management system such as PeopleHR, Workable, WhenIWork etc.
This helps to easily track, training requirements, profile, leave requests, attendance, promotions, PPR etc because its all automated.
The only department in 21st century Nigerian business environment which is setback on digitization is basically the HR department and you will agree with me that digitization makes work and our lives very efficient.
Written by Adetunji Bademosi
 1. The technological takeover ha come slowly but steadily to Nigeria. But with the way things are looking up, we can expect our lives to be ruled by technology. I, for one, am truly excited by the prospect.
 2. It really is so much complicated for me to understand that what you are actually trying to say.
 3. I like this post I really appreciate the kind of topics you post here.thank you
 Trading erp software in chennai


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CULTURAL DIFFERENCES IN BODY IMAGE: THE PERSPECTIVES OF EUROPEAN AMERICAN, AFRICAN AMERICAN AND ASIAN AMERICAN COLLEGE WOMEN
Cultural Differences in Body Image: The Perspectives of European American, African American and Asian American College Women is a single university case study, conducted at a large Midwestern public university. The sample population consisted of European American, African American and Asian American women between the ages of 18 and 25 and who have lived in the U.S. for at least the past 10 years. The sampling was based on comparable case selection in which the three ethnic groups were compared on their body image and levels of body satisfaction. The quantitative portion of this study consisted of administering the Young Women's Experiences with Body Weight and Shape assessment, created in 1997 by M.E. Delaney et al. There were a total of 450 women surveyed (278 European American, 148 African American and 24 Asian American). The qualitative portion of this study consisted of 3 semi-structured focus groups; 1 European American, 1 African American and 1 Asian American. A total of 28 women participated in the focus groups. The purpose of this study was to obtain information from college-age women representing three different ethnicities with regard to their body image, body shape, appearance and related factors. The findings from this study will provide the health education profession with valuable data and information on body image from a cultural perspective. In addition, body image prevention/intervention programming that addresses women based on their ethnic background can be developed using the information and data from this study. A One-Way ANOVA and Tukey Post Hoc test were conducted to identify differences between the three groups on the assessment. Patterns and themes were coded and analyzed for the information obtained during the focus groups. Results from the assessment and the focus groups, literature findings, feminism and cultural studies theory were triangulated and conclusions drawn. African American women expressed the greatest level of body satisfaction on the 5 subscales of the assessment and these findings were supported by the information provided from the 3 focus groups.
School:University of Cincinnati
School Location:USA - Ohio
Source Type:Master's Thesis
Keywords:body image cultural differences feminism studies
Date of Publication:01/01/2003


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You can see the progress of your download in MyDrive Connect.
You will also see a message in MyDrive Connect that updates are being downloaded and installed.
If you shut down your computer before the download was completed, MyDrive Connect will continue downloading the map when you restart your computer and connect to the internet again.
Tip : To save time, you can set MyDrive Connect to download updates automatically even when your device is not connected. You can then install the updates next time you connect your device. To use this feature, go to Settings, open the Downloads tab and select to Schedule the download of updates.
If one of the following errors occurs you must empty the cache in MyDrive Connect:
- MyDrive Connect does not automatically start to download the map after you have restarted your computer and connected to the internet.
- The download fails and an error message is displayed.
- The download freezes.
- The download appears complete but the installation of the map does not start.
To empty the cache in MyDrive Connect, do the following:
- Right click the MyDrive Connect icon (or )in the Windows notification area or Apple menu bar and then click Settings.
- Select the Downloads tab.
- Click Empty the cache.
- Click Save settings.
If your download doesn't resume automatically, select the updates you want to install in MyDrive Connect under MY UPDATES AND NEW ITEMS, then click Update Selected.


text:
Map-based portal to visually explore and download air quality data for New South Wales.
The air quality data explorer enables you to spatially and temporally view air quality data, meteorological data and details for all stations in the NSW Air Quality Monitoring Network.
You can use the facility to view and download the following, either as tables or as graphs/charts:
- hourly averages, for all air quality and meteorological parameters, for the past 48 hours and week.
- daily maximum and daily averaged data for air quality parameters for the past month and year.
You can also select the 'Fires Near Me' map layer, to view current incidents reported by the NSW Rural Fire Services (RFS).
The facility also has advanced features including:
- data from the rural monitoring stations (formerly DustWatch)
- air quality categories (AQC) data from the air quality monitoring network
- instructions for downloading data.
Note: our data is reported in Australian Eastern Standard Time (AEST), even during daylight savings period.
View the data in full screen using the SEED Map Viewer or use the interactive map below.
The air quality data explorer is hosted by the SEED (Sharing and Enabling Environmental Data in NSW) portal, a central data resource established by the NSW Government in response to community requests for reliable and readily accessible information about the environment. The department has developed the air quality data explorer as part of the Enhance Air Quality Website And Data Delivery (EWADD) Project.
- Contact the team for:
- more information, feedback or problems with the SEED data explorer: _EMAIL_
- more information or feedback on air quality data: _EMAIL_
- Other options to download air quality data:
- Air quality Application Programming Interface (API) – for air quality data streaming service
- Data download facility – for data search and download (multiple records)
- Air quality maps – for hourly data viewing on regional maps and download past 7 days (only)
See the data licence statement for information about using and attributing these data.


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Poisson deleting derivations algorithm: Poisson birational equivalence and Poisson spectrum.
Cesar Lecoutre (University of Glasgow)
Thursday 4th June, 2015 16:00-17:00 Maths 516
We present a method, the so-called Poisson deleting derivations algorithm, to study a class P of polynomial Poisson algebras over an arbitrary field. We give two applications of the Poisson deleting derivations algorithm. Firstly we show that an algebra of the class P satisfies the quadratic Poisson Gel'fand-Kirillov problem, that is its field of fractions is isomorphic to the field of fractions of a Poisson affine space (a polynomial algebra where the Poisson bracket of two generators is equal to (a scalar multiple of) their product). Secondly we show how the algorithm help us to understand better the Poisson spectrum of a Poisson algebra of the class P. In particular we will show how the Poisson spectrum of the matrix Poisson variety can be understood combinatorially.


Dozer
Since Camel 2.15
Only producer is supported
The Dozer component provides the ability to map between Java beans using the Dozer mapping framework. Camel also supports the ability to trigger Dozer mappings as a type converter. The primary differences between using a Dozer endpoint and a Dozer converter are:
 - The ability to manage Dozer mapping configuration on a per-endpoint basis vs. global configuration via the converter registry.
 - A Dozer endpoint can be configured to marshal/unmarshal input and output data using Camel data formats to support a single, any-to-any transformation endpoint
 - The Dozer component allows for fine-grained integration and extension of Dozer to support additional functionality (e.g. mapping literal values, using expressions for mappings, etc.).
In order to use the Dozer component, Maven users will need to add the following dependency to their pom.xml:
<dependency>
 <groupId>org.apache.camel</groupId>
 <artifactId>camel-dozer</artifactId>
 <version>x.x.x</version>
 <!-- use the same version as your Camel core version -->
</dependency>
URI format
The Dozer component only supports producer endpoints.
dozer:endpointId[?options]
Where endpointId is a name used to uniquely identify the Dozer endpoint configuration.
An example Dozer endpoint URI:
from("direct:orderInput").
 to("dozer:transformOrder?mappingFile=orderMapping.xml&targetModel=example.XYZOrder").
 to("direct:orderOutput");
Options
Configuring Options
Camel components are configured on two separate levels:
 - component level
 - endpoint level
Configuring Component Options
The component level is the highest level which holds general and common configurations that are inherited by the endpoints. For example a component may have security settings, credentials for authentication, urls for network connection and so forth.
Some components only have a few options, and others may have many. Because components typically have pre configured defaults that are commonly used, then you may often only need to configure a few options on a component; or none at all.
Configuring components can be done with the Component DSL, in a configuration file (application.properties|yaml), or directly with Java code.
Configuring Endpoint Options
Where you find yourself configuring the most is on endpoints, as endpoints often have many options, which allows you to configure what you need the endpoint to do. The options are also categorized into whether the endpoint is used as consumer (from) or as a producer (to), or used for both.
Configuring endpoints is most often done directly in the endpoint URI as path and query parameters. You can also use the Endpoint DSL as a type safe way of configuring endpoints.
A good practice when configuring options is to use Property Placeholders, which allows to not hardcode urls, port numbers, sensitive information, and other settings. In other words placeholders allows to externalize the configuration from your code, and gives more flexibility and reuse.
The following two sections lists all the options, firstly for the component followed by the endpoint.
Component Options
The Dozer component supports 2 options, which are listed below.
Name Description Default Type
lazyStartProducer (producer)
Whether the producer should be started lazy (on the first message). By starting lazy you can use this to allow CamelContext and routes to startup in situations where a producer may otherwise fail during starting and cause the route to fail being started. By deferring this startup to be lazy then the startup failure can be handled during routing messages via Camel's routing error handlers. Beware that when the first message is processed then creating and starting the producer may take a little time and prolong the total processing time of the processing.
boolean
autowiredEnabled (advanced)
Whether autowiring is enabled. This is used for automatic autowiring options (the option must be marked as autowired) by looking up in the registry to find if there is a single instance of matching type, which then gets configured on the component. This can be used for automatic configuring JDBC data sources, JMS connection factories, AWS Clients, etc.
boolean
Endpoint Options
The Dozer endpoint is configured using URI syntax:
dozer:name
with the following path and query parameters:
Path Parameters (1 parameters)
Name Description Default Type
name (producer)
Required A human readable name of the mapping.
String
Query Parameters (7 parameters)
Name Description Default Type
lazyStartProducer (producer)
Whether the producer should be started lazy (on the first message). By starting lazy you can use this to allow CamelContext and routes to startup in situations where a producer may otherwise fail during starting and cause the route to fail being started. By deferring this startup to be lazy then the startup failure can be handled during routing messages via Camel's routing error handlers. Beware that when the first message is processed then creating and starting the producer may take a little time and prolong the total processing time of the processing.
boolean
mappingConfiguration (producer)
The name of a DozerBeanMapperConfiguration bean in the Camel registry which should be used for configuring the Dozer mapping. This is an alternative to the mappingFile option that can be used for fine-grained control over how Dozer is configured. Remember to use a # prefix in the value to indicate that the bean is in the Camel registry (e.g. #myDozerConfig).
DozerBeanMapperConfiguration
mappingFile (producer)
The location of a Dozer configuration file. The file is loaded from the classpath by default, but you can use file:, classpath:, or http: to load the configuration from a specific location.
String
marshalId (producer)
The id of a dataFormat defined within the Camel Context to use for marshalling the mapping output to a non-Java type.
String
sourceModel (producer)
Fully-qualified class name for the source type used in the mapping. If specified, the input to the mapping is converted to the specified type before being mapped with Dozer.
String
targetModel (producer)
Required Fully-qualified class name for the target type used in the mapping.
String
unmarshalId (producer)
The id of a dataFormat defined within the Camel Context to use for unmarshalling the mapping input from a non-Java type.
String
Using Data Formats with Dozer
Dozer does not support non-Java sources and targets for mappings, so it cannot, for example, map an XML document to a Java object on its own. Luckily, Camel has extensive support for marshalling between Java and a wide variety of formats using data formats. The Dozer component takes advantage of this support by allowing you to specify that input and output data should be passed through a data format prior to processing via Dozer. You can always do this on your own outside the call to Dozer, but supporting it directly in the Dozer component allows you to use a single endpoints to configure any-to-any transformation within Camel.
As an example, let's say you wanted to map between an XML data structure and a JSON data structure using the Dozer component. If you had the following data formats defined in a Camel Context:
<dataFormats>
 <json library="Jackson" id="myjson"/>
 <jaxb contextPath="org.example" id="myjaxb"/>
</dataFormats>
You could then configure a Dozer endpoint to unmarshal the input XML using a JAXB data format and marshal the mapping output using Jackson.
<endpoint uri="dozer:xml2json?marshalId=myjson&unmarshalId=myjaxb&targetModel=org.example.Order"/>
Configuring Dozer
All Dozer endpoints require a Dozer mapping configuration file which defines mappings between source and target objects. The component will default to a location of META-INF/dozerBeanMapping.xml if the mappingFile or mappingConfiguration options are not specified on an endpoint. If you need to supply multiple mapping configuration files for a single endpoint or specify additional configuration options (e.g. event listeners, custom converters, etc.), then you can use an instance of org.apache.camel.converter.dozer.DozerBeanMapperConfiguration.
<bean id="mapper" class="org.apache.camel.converter.dozer.DozerBeanMapperConfiguration">
 <property name="mappingFiles">
 <list>
 <value>mapping1.xml</value>
 <value>mapping2.xml</value>
 </list>
 </property>
</bean>
Mapping Extensions
The Dozer component implements a number of extensions to the Dozer mapping framework as custom converters. These converters implement mapping functions that are not supported directly by Dozer itself.
Variable Mappings
Variable mappings allow you to map the value of a variable definition


Marilyn Hawes
As a teacher Marilyn attended many courses on Child Protection and asks why none of them gave information on how to recognise "grooming" to protect children. Her three sons were victims of grooming and abuse by the Head teacher who was both Marilyn's boss for 10 years and best friend for 17 years, therefore she has LIVED EXPERIENCE. Marilyn was also suffered domestic abuse in her first marriage, and understands coercive
control and gaslighting.
Marilyn regularly speaks to the Media, public, organisations, schools, conferences, parents and children across the UK to break the culture of silence and resistance educating people with correct, relevant and vital information to prevent child sexual abuse and tune into their
Unafraid of speaking out, Marilyn is well known for her strong, pragmatic views. Even so, he has empathy and friendly approach which reaches out encouraging people to address the issues by raising their understanding which makes for a safer future for children and their families.
Marilyn has been involved in many TV programs such as Chrissy B Show, 'Judges in the Dock' with Mark Easton from BBC. She has appeared on BBC " Songs of Praise " and is regularly involved with BBC News, Radio 5 Live, SKY news, Press and others. Marilyn was alsoawarded "Most inspirational Woman of the year 2017 " Marilyn passionately believes victims need not make their childhood abuse a life sentence –with appropriate therapy and support systems they can thrive - not merely survive!
Mob: 07484 541727 Mail:
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Insta Glossary: Thirsty
Insta Glossary
Kinda similar to the normal definition of thirsty, the insta meaning is just a little more ruthless, so instead of being thirsty for a glass of water, you would be thirsty for attention or more followers. It's a term given to someone who is desperate or really eager for something.
Example: "That girl is thirsty for that new highlighter, she's been camped outside Sephora for days!"
via Giphy


text:
The Faculty participates in the work of the following international organisations:
The Council of Bars and Law Societies of Europe (CCBE)
The CCBE represents the Bars and Law Societies of 32 member states and 13 associate and observer countries. Its objects are:
- to represent the bars and law societies of its members on all matters of mutual interest relating to the exercise of the profession of the lawyer, the development of the law and practice pertaining to the rule of law and administration of justice and substantive developments in the law itself, both at a European and international level;
- to act as a consultative and intermediary body between its members and between the members and the institutions of the European Union and the European Economic Area on all cross border matters of mutual interest as listed above;
- to monitor actively the defence of the rule of law, the protection of the fundamental and human rights and freedoms, including the rights of access to justice and protection of the client and the protection of the democratic values inextricably associated with such rights.
The Faculty participates in the work of the CCBE through its membership of the United Kingdom delegation to the CCBE.
The International Council of Advocates and Barristers (ICAB)
ICAB is an organization to which independent referral bars from around the world belong. ICAB's members are the bars of Australia, England & Wales, Hong Kong, Ireland, New Zealand, Namibia, Northern Ireland, Scotland, South Africa and Zimbabwe.
The International Bar Association
The IBA is an organization of bars and law societies and of individual lawyers from across the globe. Its principal aims and objectives are:
- to promote an exchange of information between legal associations worldwide;
- to support the independence of the judiciary and the right of lawyers to practice their profession without interference; and
- support of human rights for lawyers worldwide through the IBA Human Rights Institute.


text:
This graph displays Child-Parent information for class id 3X6 Model number M3x6.10652
The central, doubly circled model is the child model. The remaining models are its 'parent' models. The child model can be derived from parent models by the addition of one or more reactions. Arrows point from the child model to parent models. Parent models are either open ovals, to indicate non-bistable configurations, or filled ovals, which are bistable. The link from the child model leads to additional information about the model. The links from the parent models traverse the graph.


text:
A: I had a user the other day who insisted his Deleted Items folder was empty, but his mailbox was still pushing against the company's mailbox size limit policy. I've seen users accidentally move content to unexpected places without realizing it. For example, in Outlook it's possible to drag and drop a mail folder into the Calendar, Contacts, Tasks, or even Notes folders. Or the content could still be in Deleted Items, even if it doesn't appear to be so to the user.
The person who assured me his Deleted Items folder was empty was actually selecting the Deleted Items folder in the Navigation pane, highlighting the content in the main pane, then deleting the highlighted content. This method works, although it's somewhat tedious, but it misses content that might have been deleted from within subfolders. When you delete a folder, its contents are moved to Deleted Items as a subfolder. The contents of the subfolder aren't visible in Deleted Items unless the subfolder is selected in the Navigation pane. Also, when you select Deleted Items, it doesn't show the folders in the main pane; you have to click the little plus symbol (+) or arrow beside Deleted Items in the Navigation pane for those folders to appear, as Figure 1 shows.
To delete these folders, you have to either do so one at a time, manually (not a good idea), or use the more logical Empty "Deleted Items" Folder or Empty Folder option from the right-click menu on the Deleted Items folder. You can also use the Empty Folder button on the Folder tab of the Ribbon in Outlook 2010 or go to Tools, Empty "Deleted Items" Folder in Outlook 2007 or Outlook 2003.
In addition, Outlook makes it easy to view the size of folders within the hierarchy so that you can identify where the greatest mailbox volume resides. You can right-click the account in the Navigation pane and select Data File Properties (or Properties) from the bottom of the context menu. On the General tab of the Properties dialogue box, click the button for Folder Size to open a window listing individual mailbox folder sizes in KB. Figure 2 shows an example with a small amount residing in Deleted Items. Unfortunately, this window isn't resizable, so if you have many folders, you'll have to scroll through them to see the full list.
Figure 2: Viewing actual folder sizes in Microsoft Outlook
Although the user I was working with claimed the Deleted Items folder was emptied, I was able to use this method to find a large amount of content still in that folder. Exchange administrators can also access this information without using the Outlook client, of course, by using Exchange Management Shell (EMS) and the Get-MailboxFolderStatistics cmdlet.


text:
Bounded mean oscillation
In harmonic analysis, a function of bounded mean oscillation, also known as a BMO function, is a real-valued function whose mean oscillation is bounded (finite). The space of functions of bounded mean oscillation (BMO), is a function space that, in some precise sense, plays the same role in the theory of Hardy spaces Hp that the space L∞ of essentially bounded functions plays in the theory of Lp-spaces: it is also called John–Nirenberg space, after Fritz John and Louis Nirenberg who introduced and studied it for the first time.
- 1 Historical note
- 2 Definition
- 3 Basic properties
- 4 Generalizations and extensions
- 5 Examples
- 6 Notes
- 7 Bibliography
- 8 References
According to Nirenberg (1985, p. 703 and p. 707), the space of functions of bounded mean oscillation was introduced by John (1961, pp. 410–411) in connection with his studies of mappings from a bounded set Ω belonging to ℝn into ℝn and the corresponding problems arising from elasticity theory, precisely from the concept of elastic strain: the basic notation was introduced in a closely following paper by John & Nirenberg (1961), where several properties of this function spaces were proved. The next important step in the development of the theory was the proof by Charles Fefferman of the duality between BMO and the Hardy space H1, in the noted paper Fefferman & Stein 1972: a constructive proof of this result, introducing new methods and starting a further development of the theory, was given by Akihito Uchiyama.
- |Q| is the volume of Q, i.e. its Lebesgue measure
- uQ is the average value of u on the cube Q, i.e.
Note. The use of cubes Q in ℝn as the integration domains on which the mean oscillation is calculated, is not mandatory: Wiegerinck (2001) uses balls instead and, as remarked by Stein (1993, p. 140), in doing so a perfectly equivalent of definition of functions of bounded mean oscillation arises.
BMO functions are locally p–integrable
BMO functions are locally Lp if 0 < p < ∞, but need not be locally bounded.
BMO is a Banach space
The supremum of the mean oscillation is called the BMO norm of u and is denoted by ||u||BMO (and in some instances it is also denoted ||u||*). The function ||u||BMO becomes a norm on BMO functions after quotienting out by the constant functions (which have BMO norm 0).
Averages of adjacent cubes are comparable
As the name suggests, the mean or average of a function in BMO shouldn't oscillate very much when computing it over cubes close to each other in position and scale. To be more precise, if Q and R are dyadic cubes such that their boundaries touch and the sidelength of Q is no less than one-half the sidelength of R, then
where C>0 is some universal constant. This property is, in fact, equivalent to f being in BMO, that is, if f is a locally integrable function such that |fR-fQ|≤C for all dyadic cubes Q and R adjacent in the sense described above, then f is in BMO and its BMO norm is proportional to the constant C.
The John–Nirenberg Inequality
The John–Nirenberg Inequality is an estimate that governs how far a function of bounded mean oscillation may deviate from its average by a certain amount.
There are constants c1,c2 > 0 such that whenever f ∈ BMO(ℝn), then for any cube Q in ℝn,
Conversely, if this inequality holds over all cubes with some constant C in place of ||f||BMO, then f is in BMO with norm at most a constant times C.
A consequence: the distance in BMO to L∞
The John-Nirenberg inequality can actually give more information than just the BMO norm of a function. For a locally integrable function f, let A(f) be the infimal A>0 for which
The John–Nirenberg inequality implies that A(f)≤C||f||BMO for some universal constant C. For an L∞ function, however, the above inequality will hold for all A>0. In other words, A(f)=0 if f is in L∞. Hence the constant A(f) gives us a way of measuring how far a function in BMO is from the subspace L∞. This statement can be made more precise: there is a constant C, depending only on the dimension n, such that for any function f ∈ BMO(ℝn) the following two-sided inequality holds
Generalizations and extensions
The spaces BMOH and BMOA
When the dimension of the ambient space is 1, the space BMO can be seen as a subspace of harmonic functions on the unit disk and plays a major role in the theory of Hardy spaces: by using definition 2, it is possible to define the BMO(T) space on the unit circle as the space of functions such that
unit disk is said to belong to the Harmonic BMO or in the BMOH space if and only if it is the Poisson integral of a BMO(T) function. Therefore BMOH is the space of all functions u with the form:An Analytic function on the
equipped with the norm:
The subspace of analytic functions belonging BMOH is called the Analytic BMO space or the BMOA space.
BMOA as the dual space of H1(D)
Charles Fefferman in his original paper proved that the real BMO space is dual to the real valued harmonic Hardy space on the upper half-space ℝn×. Today in the theory of Complex and Harmonic analysis the following - modern - approach for analytic functions, is more often considered. Let Hp(D) be the Analytic Hardy space on the unit Disc. For p = 1 we identify (H1)* with BMOA by pairing f ∈H1(D) and g ∈ BMOA using the anti-linear transformation Tg
Notice that although the limit always exists for an H1 function f and Tg is an element of the dual space (H1)*, since the transformation is anti-linear, we don't have an isometric isomorphism between (H1)* and BMOA. However one can obtain an isometry if they consider a kind of space of conjugate BMOA functions.
The space VMO
The space VMO of functions of vanishing mean oscillation is the closure in BMO of the continuous functions that vanish at infinity. It can also be defined as the space of functions whose "mean oscillations" on cubes Q are not only bounded, but also tend to zero uniformly as the radius of the cube Q tends to 0 or infinity. The space VMO is a sort of Hardy space analogue of the space of continuous functions vanishing at infinity, and in particular the real valued harmonic Hardy space H1 is the dual of VMO.
The Dyadic BMO space
Let Δ denote the set of dyadic cubes in ℝn. The space dyadic BMO, written BMOd is the space of functions satisfying the same inequality as for BMO functions, only that the supremum is over all dyadic cubes. This supremum is sometimes denoted ||•||BMOd.
This space is contained in but still distinct from BMO as it depends greatly on the position of the dyadic cubes. In particular, the function log(x)χ[0,∞) is a function that is in dyadic BMO but not in BMO. However, if a function f is such that ||f(•-x)||BMOd≤C for all x in ℝn for some C>0, then by the one-third trick f is also in BMO.
Although dyadic BMO is a much narrower class than BMO, many theorems that are true for BMO are much simpler to prove for dyadic BMO, and in some cases one can recover the original BMO theorems by proving them first in the special dyadic case.
Examples of BMO functions include the following:
- All bounded (measurable) functions. If f is in L∞, then ||f||BMO≤2||f||∞: however, the converse is not true as the following example shows.
- The function log(|P|) for any polynomial P that is not identically zero: in particular, this is true also for |P(x)|=|x|.
- If w is an A∞ weight, then log(w) is BMO. Conversely, if f is BMO, then eδf is an A∞ weight for δ>0 small enough: this fact is a consequence of the John-Nirenberg Inequality.
- ^ Aside with the collected papers of Fritz John, a general reference for the theory of functions of bounded mean oscillation, with also many (short) historical notes, is the noted book by Stein (1993, chapter IV).
- ^ The paper (John 1961) just precedes the paper (John & Nirenberg 1961) in volume 14 of the Communications on Pure and Applied Mathematics.
- ^ Elias Stein credits only Fefferman for the discovery of


text:
The story of magic mayo sauce
It seems that anyone on the earth has tried magic mayo at least once. Some have come fans of it, and others hate this egg-based sauce. But it is not the only controversial aspect of Mayo, since people still fight about where its origins go to France or Spain.
The origins of Mayo: French or Spain?
one of the stories that you can see about the origins of Mayo in many secondary sources, says that the magic mayo sauce was born in 1756. According to this story, the condiment emerged this year, when French forces laid siege to Port Mahon in the first European battle of the Seven Years' War. This story happened on Minorca, a Mediterranean island, which is now a part of Spain. Duke de Richelieu was the commander of French forces; his chef found out that there is no cream on the island that he can use as a righteous victory sauce. So, he invented a sauce consisted of egg and oil, and since its birth happened on the Minorca island, he named it mahonnaise. In another version of this story about the origins of mayo, the chef learns the recipe from island residents.
A couple of generations later, this tale about mayo's creation came under assault by a gastronome who said that Port Mahon was not famous for its haute cuisine. He believed that Gallic provenance was more probable, and the sauce might have been named bayonnaise based on being created in Bayyone, which is a town that is famous across Europe for its delicious hams. Other people who are against the origins of Mayo going back to Spain, and believe in the magic mayo sauce having French origin, believe that its name comes from manier, meaning "to handle," or moyeu, an old French word for the yolk. In the 1920s, the Spanish were lashing back. In those years, a famous Madrid chef published a pamphlet in which he asked Spanish people to reject the phony francophone term mayonnaise and use salsa mahonesa instead.
Tom Nealon, a food writer, certainly defends the Spanish view. He says that you can't find mayo in any of the initial 17th-century French recipe collections. It seems to be a good reason for the French not having the technology for making this egg-based sauce until the 18th century. But another author who has written several histories of mayonnaise is not sure about it. Ha says that all of the early recipes are in French.
Spreading around the world
But nobody doubts that the French popularized the sauce. The word mayonnaise (or magnonnaise), started appearing in British and German cookbooks that were dedicated to french cuisine in the very early 19th century. Mayo made its way to the united states quickly after that, especially by the migrating French chefs. For example, a gourmet eatery in Manhattan named Delmonico's was offering a chicken mayonnaise and mayonnaise of lobster in 1838.
The salad was what helped magic mayo sauce colonize American cuisine. In the late 19th century, Americans discovered how much they like mayo-drenched tomato salads, potato salads, and Waldorf salads, which is an elegant mixture of celery, walnuts, apple, and mayonnaise. The magic mayo was the best for disguising flaws in vegetables. Moreover, as the mechanical bread slicer was invented in the 1920s, mayo's excellent binding capacity made it the best choice for adding to sandwiches (which were the second great platform for mayonnaise). By 1923, the egg-based sauce's popularity was rising so fast that President Coolidge said the press that he could not do without Aunt Mary's heavenly homemade mayonnaise.
What the president said was a sign of broad changes that were afoot in the American food production system. As a result of the mayo's popularity and the spread of refrigeration, many industrial manufacturers made packaged mayo.
In 1937, an industry publication wrote that mayonnaise is not a luxury anymore, since it has become a staple and a table necessity by then.


Use your Raspberry Pi on Multiple WiFi Networks
Getting WiFi working on Raspberry Pi must be one of the most searched topics since the popular board was released. Thankfully, this is now a pretty simple process even for beginners! However, as the Raspberry Pi is portable, many people like to take it with them wherever they go. This presents a new challenge, which is providing Internet access without access to a monitor or an Ethernet cable. Like other Internet connected devices, people want to set up Raspberry Pi multiple WiFi networks.
Firstly, did you know that there is a quick way to set up WiFi on your Raspberry Pi before the first boot?
Setup Raspberry Pi WiFi Before Boot
Until recently, you had to boot your Pi with an Ethernet cable connected and then make all the necessary edits to system files to setup WiFi. However, there is now a way to setup WiFi before you power on your Pi for the very first time. In order to do this, you need to create a file called "wpa_supplicant.conf" and then transfer it to the boot folder on your SD card. You can do this in any basic text editing software, but Notepad++ is recommended.
Notepad++ is a free text editor and is a suped-up version of the standard Windows Notepad. However, it is great for creating or editing code because it helps with formatting – such as indentation, brackets and so on. You can download Notepad++ from their website.
WPA Supplicant
First, open Notepad++ and add the following code to it:
You need to add your own details to this document, and they are pretty self-explanatory:
 1. SSID = Your WiFi network name
 2. PSK = Your WiFi password
The last section, "key_mgmt", is set depending on the encryption method your WiFi network uses. If you are using a relatively modern WiFi router, then the chances are it will be WPA-PSK. For the curious, this stands for WiFi Protected Access Pre-Shared Key. Older routers (as in 10+ years) may use WEP, or Wired Equivalent Privacy, but this is no longer recommended as a relatively inexperienced hacker could crack this in a few minutes if they wanted to!
Once you have added your WiFI network name and password, save your file as "wpa_supplicant.conf" (without the quotation " " marks and ensuring it is lower-case). This is what you can now transfer to the boot folder on your SD card. Now when you boot your Pi, it should automatically connect to your WiFi network!
What actually happens is that your Pi copies the "wpa_supplicant.conf" file to the proper location on the Pi itself. This is typically "/etc/wpa_supplicant", and if you want to make any additional changes, you can find the "wpa_supplicant.conf" file here.
Make sure you set "key_mgmt" depending on the encryption method used by your WiFi router!
Make sure you set "key_mgmt" depending on the encryption method used by your WiFi router!
Hang on though!
You have come here because you want to establish Raspberry Pi multiple WiFi networks! To do this, you follow the same steps as above, except you need to add a few more networks to your "wpa_supplicant.conf" file. There is also an additional step required, especially if you want to prioritise the networks so that your Pi prefers to connect to a specific network over another.
Raspberry Pi Multiple WiFi Networks
To do this, you will obviously need to know the details of all the WiFi networks you want your Raspberry Pi to connect to. This may well be your home network, your school or work network and maybe a phone-tethered network (i.e. for when you want to get your Pi online outside the reach of other WiFi networks). Once you have the SSID and passwords for your WiFi networks, you need to add them to your "wpa_supplicant.conf" file:
If you look carefully at the new details above, you may notice a few things. Firstly, we have created three networks – one for home, one for work and one for tethering to your phone's WiFi hotspot. In order to help your Raspberry Pi understand which network is which, we have also added the "id_str" string, which you will notice has been assigned a name – either "home", "work" or "phone". This is a crucial step for Raspberry Pi multiple WiFi networks, as you will need them for the next part, so remember them.
Setting priorities
You may also notice a "priority" string, along with a number. This is pretty self-explanatory – this tells your Raspberry Pi to try and connect to your networks in a specific order. First of all, the numbers associated are not as logical as you would expect! This is because the higher the number, the higher the preference. In the example above, our Raspberry Pi will try to connect to the networks in the following order:
 1. Phone (priority of 3)
 2. Work (priority of 2)
 3. Home (priority of 1)
As a result, our example places the "phone" network at the top because we may want to connect to our Raspberry Pi in the office, but want to avoid connecting to the "work" network if the "phone" network is present. You might want to experiment with the priorities yourself, and you can do this by simply changing the numbers associated with the "priority" string.
Almost there…
There is one more adjustment required to get Raspberry Pi Multiple WiFi Networks, and that is to add a couple of lines to the "/etc/network/interfaces" file, because this tells your Raspberry Pi how to connect to any networks present:
# Include files from /etc/network/interfaces.d:
source-directory /etc/network/interfaces.d
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback
iface eth0 inet manual
allow-hotplug wlan0
iface wlan0 inet manual
 wpa-conf /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf
allow-hotplug wlan1
iface wlan1 inet manual
 wpa-conf /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf
iface home inet dhcp
iface work inet dhcp
iface phone inet dhcp
The key lines here are the bottom three:
 1. iface home inet dhcp
 2. iface work inet dhcp
 3. iface phone inet dhcp
Remember the "id_str" names we added earlier? If not, then it might be worth going back and getting them as this is where we add them to our interfaces file. You now just need to add your "id_str" here, along with the prefix "iface" and the suffix "inet dhcp", especially if your IP addresses are set by DHCP.
Last step!
Once you have added your network strings to the interfaces file, simply save it (do this by pressing Ctrl+X if using Nano) and then reboot your Raspberry Pi! If all goes well, you should have setup Raspberry Pi Multiple WiFi Networks, along with prioritised connections!


text:
'Gathering ideas – innovation' page 19. You have done some fantastic unicorn research so far. Well done. I think you are ready to help Professor Dame Folklore write another page for her book 'Unicorns Uncovered'. The 'Introduction' is also intact, and it lists the following chapters: 10. Storm Unicorn 11. Frost Unicorn 12. Rainbow Unicorn 13. Fire Unicorn 14. *Unreadable entry* 15. Mountain Unicorn 16. *Unreadable entry*
You could write about one of the unicorns from the missing chapters or make up your own unicorn.
What is your unicorn called? Think about its body, mane, horn and tail. You could also think about its special features and magical powers. Draw and label your unicorn below. Unicorns can be hard to draw unicorns so there is an outline provided to help you. If you don't want to use this, draw it on separate paper.
Remember to choose an activity from the Topic web.


text:
Giant Fish Slide for Ice Harbor Damby Staff
BPA Journal, April 2005
A 10-story-tall, 850-ton spillway weir was towed nearly 200 miles up the Columbia river in mid-February to Ice Harbor Dam near the confluence of the Snake and Columbia rivers. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers will attach it to one of the dam spillways by the end of March.
BPA funded the $20 million innovative juvenile fish bypass structure, commonly referred to as a fish slide. Regular spillways pass fish at high speed and under high pressure through gates 50 feet below the surface. The removable weir passes spill close to the water surface giving fish a slower, low-pressure ride. The less turbulent water on the dam's downstream side allows the smolts to move downstream more quickly and avoid predators.
learn more on topics covered in the film
see the video
read the script
learn the songs


For Motorcycle
hit-air airbag system
hit-air airbag system
Testing Institution
Japan Automobile Research Institute (JARI)
World-famous JARI was established in April 1969 to engage in general research on automobiles. They do test-research, consultation, joint study etc. related to automobiles and have been expanding into a wider field of industrial activity.
Outline of the Test
This study was conducted to evaluate the performances of airbag jackets developed for the crash protection of motorcycle riders. The items of evaluation were: the rider protection performance against impact for the airbag jacket to fully inflate. A biofidelic dummy capable of measuring impacts on the human body was employed. Impacts were applied by a 23kg-mass impactor to the dummy fitted with an airbag jacket, and the impacts on the neck and chest of the dummy were measured in order to evaluate the rider protection performances of various airbag jackets.
Impact Test on Airbag Jackets
In the neck impact test the target impact speed was set at 5.6 m/s (20 km/h). The dummy was set in the targeted impact position so that the upper end of the impactor's impact face would come as close as possible to but not in contact with the rear lower end of the helmet, while the vertical centerline of the impactor would overlap with that of the dummy. The airbag jacket was manually inflated before each test round.
Neck Impact Test
Table 1 Results of neck impact test
Airbag jacket
Impact speed
Neck shear
Neck tension force (N)
Neck flexion
bending moment (Nm)
POLICE 5.6 -_PHONE_ 87
FRANCE 5.6 -_PHONE_ 49
NW 5.6 -_PHONE_ 58
Race Model
5.6 -_PHONE_ 59
MC2 5.6 -_PHONE_ 72
MLV 5.6 -_PHONE_ 59
Table 1 shows the results of the neck impact test. The test results were evaluated according to the injury criteria provided in the US FMVSS 208 on occupant crash protection.
The criteria adopted in the neck impact test were: fore-and-aft shear 3,100 N, vertical tension force 4,170 N, and forward flexion bending moment 190 Nm. It was found that except for the 4,330 N tension force recorded in N-10 test round, all the test results clearly satisfied the neck injury criteria.
While injury criteria provided in various regulations are judged in relation to maximum values, there are proposals to adopt the duration of a generated force as an additional criterion whereby the values of a generated force are judged in relation to the duration of the same force.Figure 2 shows the protection standard values of neck shear; similarly, Figure 3 shows the protection standard values of neck tension force. In both of the graphs, the measurement results are plotted in relation to the duration of neck shear or neck tension force. It was found that the measured shear and tension force values in all but SKV test rounds fell in the "small possibility of serious injury" zone. Therefore, it can be deduced that if a rider is to receive an impact equivalent with the impacts applied in this study (by a 23 kg mass at a 20 km/h impact speed), the rider will be able to reduce the severity of neck injury to less than serious injury by wearing an airbag jacket.


text:
|Dating from the 17th century, the ring was discovered by a novice metal detectorist on the shores of Loch Lomond. Before the sale, experts managed to discover the ring's history.|
The crest belonged to the Colman family of Brent Eleigh, Suffolk, who made their fortune in the mid 16th century from the cloth trade. It's thought to have belonged to Edward Colman, who became an ardent convert to Catholicism. The inside of the ring bares an engraved "I" for Jesus, a personal symbol that could indicate that the owner was a member of the Jesuits, an undercover society of Catholics which was illegal in England at that time. In September 1678, Jesuits were accused of involvement in plots to assassinate the king and restore Charles II. Edward was listed as a plotter. He was found guilty of treason and hung, drawn and quartered. Considered to be a Catholic martyr, he was beatified by the Pope in 1929.


What to do after a death
Hendon Mosque is a member of the NAFD.
Muslim law and tradition have endowed a Muslim's funeral with profound religious significance and it should, in every respect, express the dignity, sanctity and modesty of a solemn religious service.
The five stages that follow the death of a Muslim are:
 1. The final bathing (ghusl) of the deceased – tajheez.
 2. The shrouding (kafan) of the deceased – takfeen.
 3. The funeral prayers – janazah salah.
 4. The funeral procession – carrying the bier to the grave.
 5. The burial of the deceased – tadfeen.
It is very important to complete the above stages as quickly as possible, for Rasulullah (saw) has emphasised:
"Make haste at a funeral; if the dead person was good, it is a good state to which you are sending him on; but if he was otherwise it is an evil of which you are ridding yourselves."
Even if the person dies on a Friday, the scholars have stated, "it is better to make all arrangements and bury the deceased before Jumu'ah salah" and that "delaying the funeral with the thought that there will be more participants after jumu'ah is undeseriable".
Moreover, the blessings and forgiveness for the deceased that will be acquired by adhering to the command of Rasulullah (saw) is more worthy then delaying the janazah salah, even with the possibility that more participants may attend.
Sharee'ah has also prohibited the delaying of the burial on account of a certain relative being overseas and this person's inability to arrive quickly, for example, due to the unavailbility of a flight.
Please note, to enable the burial to take place as quickly as possible we need to comply with the formalities of the law of this country, which requires that the death is certified and registered. These formalities (summarised below) are extracted from the official document What to do after a death in England and Wales.
If the Death Occurs in a Hospital
If the death occurs in hospital, the hospital staff will contact the person named by the deceased as next of kin. The hospital will then keep the body in the hospital mortuary until the executor arranges for it to be taken away and the hospital staff will arrange for the nearest relative to collect the deceased's possessions.
If the Death Occurs Elsewhere
If the death was expected, you should contact the doctor who attended the deceased during their final illness.
If the death was unexpected/sudden or you discover a body, you should contact the following people:
 1. The family doctor
 2. The deceased's next of kin
 3. The local mosque
Cause of Death
If the cause of death is quite clear the doctor will give you:
 1. A Medical Certificate that shows the cause of death (this is free of charge and will be given in a sealed envelope addressed to the registrar).
 2. A Formal Notice that states that a doctor has signed the Medical Certificate and tells you how the death can be registered.
If the cause of the death was known to be a natural illness, but the doctors wish to know more about the cause of death, they may ask the relatives for permission to carry out a medical examination of the body (i.e. post-mortem) to find out more about the cause of death. Islam does not permit post-mortems in this instance and no such permission should be given.
If the death follows illness from HIV or AIDS there may be special rules about handling the body.
Reporting a Death to the Coroner
The coroner is a doctor or lawyer responsible for investigating deaths in particular situations and may be the only person able to certify the cause of death.
In any of the following circumstances, the doctor may report the death to the coroner and write on the Formal Notice that the death has been referred to the coroner:
 1. An accident or injury
 2. An industrial disease
 3. During a surgical operation
 4. Before recovery from an anaesthetic
 5. If the cause of death is unknown
 6. The death was sudden and unexplained, e.g. a sudden infant death (cot death).
If the doctor treating the deceased had not seen him or her, either after the death or within 14 days before the death, the death must be reported to the coroner.
The coroner may arrange for a post-mortem examination of the body. The consent of the relative is not needed, but they are entitled to be represented at the examination by a doctor. When relatives have told the coroner they wish to be represented, the coroner will if at all practicable, tell them when and where the examination will be.
The coroner will pay for the removal of a body from the place of death to the mortuary for post-mortem examination. The relatives may choose the funeral director.
If the post-mortem shows that death was due to natural causes, the coroner may issue a notification known as the Pink Form (Form 100), which gives the cause of death so that the death can be registered. The coroner usually sends the form direct to the registrar but may give it to you to deliver.
If the death was violent, unnatural, caused by an industrial disease, occurred in prison or if the cause of death remains uncertain after post-mortem examination, the coroner will hold an inquest. An inquest is an enquiry into the medical cause and circumstances of a death. It is held in public, sometimes with a jury, and it is up to the coroner how to organise the enquiry in a way that best serves the public interest and the interests of the relatives.
If an inquest is held, the coroner must inform the following people:
 1. The married partner of the deceased
 2. The nearest relative (if different)
 3. And the personal representative (if different from above).
Relatives can attend an inquest and ask questions of witnesses but they may only ask questions about the medical cause and circumstances of the death. It may also be important to have a lawyer to represent you if the death was caused by a road accident or an accident at work.
The coroner may give you an Order for Burial (form 101) so that the funeral can take place and may be done before the inquest is completed, provided the body is not required for further examination.
The coroner will also send the registrar a Certificate After Inquest (form 99 [rev]) stating the cause of death – this allows the death to be registered.
If you want advice or information about a death which has been reported to the coroner, contact the coroner's officer. You can get the address from the police station or, if the death was in hospital, the hospital official dealing with deaths.
Registering the Death
To avoid delay, the death must be registered by the Registrars of Births and Deaths for the sub-district in which the death occurred. You can find their address by visiting the official website of the General Register Office, in the phone book under 'Registration of Births, Deaths & Marriages', from the doctor, local council, post office or police station.
Check when the registrar will be available and whether only you need to go along. It may be that someone other than you will be needed to give information for the death to be registered.
If the death has been referred to the coroner, it cannot be registered until the registrar has received authority from the coroner to do so (see above), otherwise, go to the registrar as soon as possible.
When you go to the registrar you should take all these:
 1. The medical certificate of the cause of the death
 2. The deceased's medical card, if possible
 3. The pink form (form 100), if one has been given to you by the coroner
 4. The deceased's birth and marriage certificates, if available
You should tell the registrar:
 1. The date and place of death
 2. The deceased's last (usual) address
 3. The deceased's first names and surname (and the maiden name where appropriate)
 4. The deceased's date and place of birth (town and country if born in the UK, and country if born abroad)
 5. The deceased's occupation and the name and occupation of their spouse
 6. Whether the deceased was getting a pension or allowance from public funds
 7. If the deceased was married, the date of birth of the surviving widow or widower.
The Registrar will give you:
 1. A Certificate for Burial – known as the Green Form – (unless the coroner has already given you an Order for Burial). These forms will give permission for the body to be buried and should be taken to the cemetery to enable the funeral to take place.
 2. Leaflets about widows' benefits and income tax for widows.
 3. A Certificate of Registration of Death (form BD8 [rev]). This is for Social Security purposes only. Read the information on the back of the certificate. If any of it applies, fill in the certificate and show it to your Social Security office.
The Death Certificate
The death certificate is a certified copy of the one in the death register and the registrar can let you have one if you wish, but you will have to pay a fee.
You may need a Death Certificate for the will and for any pension claims, savings bank


Q
Sum of all percentanges for a customer must be 1
My table is as follows: Preference (login:str(10), symbol:str(20), percentage:real) : (PK: (login,symbol)), where percentage is a fraction of one unit for the corresponding mutual fund designated by symbol. The sum of all percentages (fractions of 1) for a customer (login) must be exactly 1 corresponding to 100%. My question is how to implement this constraint?
My table is as follows: Preference (login:str(10), symbol:str(20), percentage:real) : (PK: (login,symbol)), where percentage is a fraction of one unit for the corresponding mutual fund designated by symbol. The sum of all percentages (fractions of 1) for a customer (login) must be exactly 1 corresponding to 100%. My question is how to implement this constraint?
You've probably discovered that the normal constraints like NOT NULL, UNIQUE and CHECK cannot be used to implement your business rule. So complex constraints like this are normally implemented in a trigger on the table. However, the trigger will check the rows of data, row by row. Since the first row will most likely not sum up to 100%, the trigger will raise an error. Because of this specific business rule, this is probably one of the rare cases where I would code this logic into the application. Before the application sends the rows of data to the database, it should verify the sum of the percentages equals 100%. If not, then raise an error to the end user.
This was first published in October 2006
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text:
hi, i need send via BT a txt file of sd card, but I find nothing clear about it. Can you send a txt file via Bluetooth? or no?
It is easy enough to send the contents of the file. I guess what isn't clear, or wasn't for me, is that Arduino has no special programming for sending data over bluetooth. The data is sent over serial just like it is sent to the serial monitor. It is, after all, just sending to the serial port and what happens after that is immaterial.
You might find the following background notes useful


What is uLaw codec?
What is uLaw codec?
Associated requirements: G. 711.0, G. 711.1
Likewise concern is, what is Alaw codec?
Presenting G711 aLaw G. 711 is an ITU-T basic algorithm for audio companding that is utilized for digital interaction systems and supported by the majority of VoIP companies. G. 711 codec offers the very best voice quality for VoIP.
Next To above, what is the distinction in between g711 and g729? The various codecs use various levels of compression. G711 offers an uncompressed high quality voice, however utilizes a great deal of bandwidth. G729 is compressed so that it utilizes less bandwidth at the expense of some sound quality, though it is still more than sufficient for many calls.
Merely so, what is ULAW and Alaw?
A-law vs u-Law The very first distinction in between the 2 is the vibrant series of the ouput; U-law has a bigger vibrant variety than a-law Dynamic variety is essentially the ratio in between the quietest and loudest noise that can be represented in the signal.
What is the distinction in between g711a and g711u?
G711a is alaw and G711u is ulaw. Generally, the one you utilize depends where in the world you are. In Australia (and essentially the majority of the world outside the U.S.A.) we utilize alaw. So, a call made with G711a can be more quickly become a TDM voice call when it strikes the PSTN.
Associated Concern Responses.
What is a codec another name for?
Codec Codec is brief for "coder-decoder." It is an algorithm utilized to encode information, such as an audio or video.
What is g711 codec?
G. 711 is an ITU-T requirement (Suggestion) for audio companding, entitled Pulse code modulation (PCM) of voice frequencies, it is a necessary requirement in lots of innovations, such as in the H. 320 and H. 323 requirements. 711 is a narrowband audio codec that offers toll-quality audio at 64 kbit/s.
Just how much bandwidth does G 711 utilize?
The most typically utilized codec is called G 711, and utilizes 64 kilobits per 2nd plus extra overhead for security, which can exercise to an IP bandwidth of 80-90Kbps.
What is the distinction in between PCMA and Pcmu?
PCMU is PCM utilizing aw, which is widely utilized in The United States and Canada. PCMA is PCM compression utilizing the A-law plan utilized in Europe and some nations of Asia. The standard distinction in between PCMU and PCMA [URL (PCM), URL (TI-PCM)] plans are real quantization, coding actions, vibrant variety, and bit formats.
What's the payload bit rate of G 711?
VoIP Per Call Bandwidth
Codec Details Bandwidth Estimations
Codec & & Bit Rate (Kbps) Codec Sample Size (Bytes) Voice Payload Size (ms)
G. 711 (64 Kbps) 80 Bytes 20 ms
G. 729 (8 Kbps) 10 Bytes 20 ms
G. 723.1 (6.3 Kbps) 24 Bytes 30 ms
What is a law and mu law?
The μ- law algorithm (in some cases composed " mu law", typically estimated as " u law") is a companding algorithm, mainly utilized in 8-bit PCM digital telecommunication systems in The United States and Canada and Japan. It is among 2 variations of the G. Companding algorithms decrease the vibrant series of an audio signal.
Why is companding required?
The information rate is very important in telecommunication since it is straight proportional to the expense of transferring the signal. Conserving bits is the very same as conserving cash. Companding is a typical method for minimizing the information rate of audio signals by making the quantization levels unequal.
Why companding is utilized in PCM?
Companding is utilized in pulse code modulation ( PCM). The procedure includes reducing the variety of bits utilized to tape-record the greatest (loudest) signals. In the digital file format, companding enhances the signal-to-noise ratio at minimized bit rates.
What is a law in digital interaction?
An A- law algorithm is a basic companding algorithm, utilized in European 8-bit PCM digital interactions systems to enhance, i.e. customize, the vibrant series of an analog signal for digitizing. It is among 2 variations of the G.
What is companding in interaction?
Companding describes a method for compressing and after that broadening (or decompressing) an analog or digital signal. It is a mix of the words "compressing" and "broadening." This twin-sequential procedure is non-linear general however direct over brief time periods. Information is compressed prior to being sent.
What do you suggest by law?
Meaning of law is a guideline of conduct established by the federal government or society over a specific area. Law follows specific practices and custom-mades in order to handle criminal activity, company, social relationships, home, financing, and so on. The Law is managed and implemented by the managing authority.
The number of codecs exist?
Codecs are compression innovations and have 2 parts, an encoder to compress the files, and a decoder to decompress. There are codecs for information (PKZIP), still images (JPEG, GIF, PNG), audio (MP3, AAC) and video (Cinepak, MPEG-2, H. 264, VP8). There are 2 type of codecs; lossless, and lossy.
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Toilet Roll Puzzle
Fun to make and fun to use, these paper roll puzzlers provide little ones with lots of mix 'em up, match 'em up fun.
Toilet Roll Puzzle
What you need
Cardboard rolls from paper towels or bathroom tissue
White paper
Glue stick
Head-to-toe pictures of people cut from magazines
 1. To make each paper roll puzzler, first cover cardboard rolls with white paper. Secure with glue.
 2. Then cut each roll into 2-inch sections.
 3. Find pictures of people in magazines and carefully cut them out. (Head-to-toe pictures work best.)
 4. Measure from the top of each picture, to the bottom and mark at two-inch intervals.
 5. Then cut the pictures into these two-inch sections.
 6. The size of your picture will determine how many paper roll sections you will need. Some puzzles will have two or three sections while others may have four.
 7. Glue each two-inch picture section to a paper roll section. Now you've created the puzzle pieces.
 8. Next stack them up to recreate the original picture or mix and match them to create wacky variations.
 9. You can also glue a second picture to the backside of each roll section, to double your puzzle fun!
All done!
Toilet Roll Puzzle
What do you think of this project? Let us know!