text:
We examined cumulative and specific types of trauma exposure as predictors of distress and impairment following a multifaceted community disaster. Approximately 3 months after the 8.8 magnitude earthquake, tsunami, and subsequent looting in Bío Bío, Chile, face-to-face interviews were conducted in 5 provinces closest to the epicenter. Participants (N = 1,000) were randomly selected using military topographic records and census data. Demographics, exposure to discrete components of the disaster (earthquake, tsunami, looting), and exposure to secondary stressors (property loss, injury, death) were evaluated as predictors of posttraumatic stress (PTS) symptoms, global distress, and functional impairment. Prevalence of probable posttraumatic stress disorder was 18.95%. In adjusted models examining specificity of exposure to discrete disaster components and secondary stressors, PTS symptoms and global distress were associated with earthquake intensity, tsunami exposure, and injury to self/close other. Increased functional impairment correlated with earthquake intensity and injury to self/close other. In adjusted models, cumulative exposure to secondary stressors correlated with PTS symptoms, global distress, and functional impairment; cumulative count of exposure to discrete disaster components did not. Exploratory analyses indicated that, beyond direct exposure, appraising the tsunami and looting as the worst components of the disaster correlated with greater media exposure and higher socioeconomic status, respectively. Overall, threat to life indicators correlated with worse outcomes. As failure of government tsunami warnings resulted in many deaths, findings suggest disasters compounded by human errors may be particularly distressing. We advance theory regarding cumulative and specific trauma exposure as predictors of postdisaster distress and provide information for enhancing targeted postdisaster interventions.
(c) 2014 APA, all rights reserved.


text:
to peer lending model and provides insights on participant and investment characteristics. Second, it examines the motivation behind the decisions made by both lenders and borrowers. As a result, for the first time we are able to understand what type of people and companies use peer to peer lending platforms and the main reasons behind their decisions to use them. More specifically, the research aims to: Examine the origins of peer to peer lending and how the model operates. Profile those who lend and borrow through the model. Examine the motivations behind individuals and businesses participation in peer to peer finance. Explore the potential for further growth in peer to peer lending to businesses in the UK.
13 13 BANKING ON EACH OTHER: The Study Sample The data collected for this study included responses to a survey from 630 different lenders who lent 4,143,000 through 34,700 individual loans (transactions), and from 89 individual companies, all of whom are members of the Funding Circle platform that collectively borrowed 2 million from lenders Total Number of lenders 630 Total amount lent by these lenders 4.1m Number of individual loans made by these lenders 34,700 Number of companies 89 Total amount raised by these companies 2m
14 14 BANKING ON EACH OTHER: 2 Peer to peer lenders 2.1 Lenders tend to be wealthy, well educated and from the South East There was considerable variation in the wealth, education and experience of those lenders that responded to the survey. Their approach to lending through the model also varied with respect to the amounts lent and the businesses they lent to. Below are some of the key findings from the lenders survey. Raising funding through crowd models has the potential to mitigate many of the distance effects found in traditional fundraising efforts (Agrawal et al., 2010). 22 In the case of peer to peer business lending, the majority of the peer to peer lenders are located in London and South East England (Figure 3). Figure 3: Geographical location of lenders Scotland Northern Ireland North West England North East England Yorkshire and the Humber Percentage of sample less than 10% 10-20% more than 20% Wales West Midlands East Midlands East of England London South West England South East England
15 15 BANKING ON EACH OTHER: Twenty two per cent of the surveyed lenders live in London and a similar proportion lives in the South East; 12.5 per cent of the lenders live in South West England. Figure 4: Lenders highest level of qualification 5% 3% 24% 6% MBA Other 25% PhD Post Graduate 14% Professional Qualification Secondary Undergraduate 23% Six per cent of the lenders surveyed have a PhD and 5 per cent have an MBA degree (Figure 4). One quarter of lenders have another form of postgraduate qualification and around the same proportion hold a professional qualification. Looking at the field of qualification, engineering, accountancy, business and IT were the most common responses (Figure 5). Figure 5: Lenders field of qualification Engineering Accountancy Business IT Computer Science Education Mathematics Economics Finance Electronics Management Law Biology Physics History Science Environmental Management Chemistry Number of people *A number of borrowers have very specific qualifications could not be assigned to any of the fields above
16 16 BANKING ON EACH OTHER: Figure 6: Personal characteristics of lenders 15 17% 10 Percentage of respondents 83% 5 Gender of lenders Male Female Age of respondents Percentage of lender with experience in accessing capital 30% Percentage of lenders with more than 10 years of experience working with SMEs 38.1% Percentage of lenders with more than 10 years experience working within large companies 48.2% Percentage of lenders with investments such as bonds, shares etc. 88% Percentage of lenders that are business angel 9% Business experience of lenders 100 Figure 6 shows that the average lender is around 50 years old and male (83 per cent of all lenders that took part in the survey were males). Forty-eight per cent have more than ten years experience working with large corporates and 38 per cent have more than ten years experience working with SMEs. Half of them have not founded any new business, however, several lenders had founded more than one company. Thirty per cent of them have experience in accessing external capital for businesses and 9 per cent of them identified themselves as business angel investors. Also, around 90 per cent of the surveyed lenders have invested money in bonds and shares.
17 17 BANKING ON EACH OTHER: In general, it appears that peer to peer business lenders are sophisticated individuals, highly educated with investments in other assets. Unfortunately, there is no data currently available on the characteristics of participants in crowdfunding and therefore an empirical comparison between peer to peer business lenders and crowdfunding contributors is not possible. However, anecdotal evidence suggests that crowdfunders (those donating or seeking a non financial return from their contributions) are from more varied backgrounds and unlikely to have as much financial or investment experience. In contrast, peer to peer lenders seem to share several personal characteristics with business angels (Table 3). Table 3: P2P lenders and business angel investors P2P Lenders Business Angels median Mean Median Mean Age Percentage Male Years with large 11 to company Ventures founded Number of companies lent to/invested in Percentage of their wealth invested directly Amount of money invested 2,000 7, ,000 1,312,200 in total by each investor Investment size ,000 42,000 (per investment) Source: Data for BAs come from Siding with the Angels report 23
18 18 BANKING ON EACH OTHER: 2.2 Lenders achieve high levels of diversification and many use the Autobid tool Figure 7 summarises investment characteristics. Survey responders were asked questions related to their investment strategies such as number and size of loans made through Funding Circle. Figure 7: Investment practices Percentage of financial wealth lent through FC Percentage of lenders that use autobid function >30% 10.1%-30% Financial wealth 5.1%-10% 55% 45% 2%-5% <2% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% Percentage of lenders 45% Amount of money lent by individual lenders Yes No 40% 35% 42% 41% Proportion of lenders 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% 10% 6% < >3001 Amount lent in total through FC( )
19 19 BANKING ON EACH OTHER: The data shows that the respondents of the survey (only those that have made one or more investments) have lent on average 7,983 across loans to 67 companies. However, there is large heterogeneity between individual lenders which is evident from the median values. The median amount of money that individuals lent was 2,000 over loans to a median of 35 companies. Funding Circle also provides an Autobid 24 option for lenders. The lender sets the average interest rate they require, the level of diversification they want and the risk bands the loans they are willing to fund must be in. The Autobid tool then bids on loan parts that meet these criteria and add successful bids to the lenders portfolio. The benefit of this is that those looking to lend to a large number of businesses can do so without having to go through them one by one. Lenders in the sample made on average 35% of their loans via Autobid, however, there are several lenders (23.6 per cent of the sample) that lend all their money via Autobid (approximately 50 per cent according to Funding Circle s data). The large proportion of loans made with Autobid underlines the disconnect between lending and engagement with the company and that lenders do not need to have significant investment expertise. The total amount of capital that individuals have on average invested through Funding Circle as a proportion of their total financial wealth (savings and investment) is 9 per cent (similar to business angels who tend to invest around 10 per cent of their wealth into ventures). 25 The total amount of savings and investment of the average lender is 340,000 (and the median 80,000). Twenty one per cent of lenders have lent money to one or more companies outside Funding Circle (to an average of 7.8 companies and a median of two). The average amount of money they have lent to these companies is 27,750 while the median is 10,000. Figure 8: Secondary market activity Have you bought loans on the secondary market? Have you sold loans on the secondary market? 19% 46% 54% Yes 81% No Almost half of the lenders have bought loan parts on the secondary market while almost one in five has sold loans through it (Figure 8). The secondary market provides liquidity and it is an important aspect of the peer to peer lending which allows lenders to access their capital and any interest they have made before the end of the terms of the loan.
20 20 BANKING ON EACH OTHER: The average time that a lender spends doing research on an individual business before bidding is 15 minutes. This illustrates that peer to peer lending is very different from business angel investing where potential investors dedicate significant time for due diligence and research before they decide to invest (a typical business angel spends 20 hours on due diligence before investing in a company). 26 Only one quarter of the surveyed lenders have used the Q&A facility, again confirming that most lenders rely instead on the risk rating assigned to individual loans by Funding Circle. 2.3 Lenders expect to lend more in the future Figure 9: Predictions of future lending activity Do you expect to increase the amount you lend through Funding Circle in the coming year 160 Looking ahead, what percentage of your portfolio could be made up of your Funding Circle investments? % % Number of respondents Yes No 20 0 Less than 5% 5%-10% 10%-15%

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
The laws governing the National Park were laid down in 1980, and define the purpose of the Park's existence as follows:
«The Swiss National Park is a reserve in which nature is protected from any human interference, and in particular the entire fauna and flora are left to develop naturally.»
The law provides the framework for the protection of the National Park. Detailed regulations covering the aims of protection, paths, prohibitions and penalties are laid down within the cantonal ordinance.
Download (in German): Nationalparkgesetz
Download (in German): Nationalparkordnung

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
The ground-breaking Explorer programme takes our existing or aspiring team leaders on a 10 month journey of exploring how they can achieve results through other people.
It is built on 3 core beliefs:
- Self awareness is a pre-requisite for self development
- Real life is the best classroom
- We need others to help us reflect and learn lessons from real life
Delegates learn the fundamentals of self-management and working through others and develop an understanding of how to identify and implement business improvement initiatives.
They gain unique insights from our board of directors who share their life lessons and advice in our series of Masterclasses.
Explorers also embark on the 'Newcross Experience' – which we keep firmly under wraps until the day to take them out of their comfort zones.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Idaho's WWAMI is a partnership between the University of Washington School of Medicine and the states of Washington, Wyoming, Alaska, Montana and Idaho. Since 1972, the University of Idaho has partnered with the UW School of Medicine to help educate Idaho's future physicians.
Each year, a cohort of 40 medical students that are residents of the Gem State complete their first and second year of medical training at U of I. Students are dual-enrolled at the University of Idaho and the UW School of Medicine while completing their Foundations Phase (18 months). The Clinical Phase can be completed in Idaho, Seattle or across the five-state WWAMI region.
The curriculum taught at each WWAMI site, including the Seattle site, is a joint product of the UW School of Medicine. While each site has its own unique instructors and may have specific offerings, such as the wilderness medicine elective offered to Idaho and Seattle students, all WWAMI students learn the same core curriculum at the same time.
Idaho WWAMI has five primary goals for the State of Idaho:
- Provide publicly supported medical education
- Increase the number of primary care physicians
- Provide community-based medical education
- Expand graduate medical education (residency training) and continuing medical education
- Provide all of this in a cost-effective manner
Idaho WWAMI has an excellent rate of return: 51% of our graduates choose to practice in Idaho — well above the national average of 39%.


text:
Measuring strategies for smooth tool steel surfaces
Paper i proceeding, 2008
Comparisons between different measuring strategies were made on three types of smooth tool steel surfaces. Three replica materials were tested to study possibilities within replication techniques. An optical interferometer as well as a mechanical stylus was used to evaluate the surfaces. The results showed that the tested replica materials generated good representations of both the form and the surface roughness (Sq > 300 nm). The evaluated surfaces were quite homogeneous, thus, few measurements are needed to get representative results. However, it was found that caution must be taken regarding manually polished surfaces which can be less homogenous and therefore require more measurements to get representative results.


text:
Definition of prefatory
a. - Pertaining to, or of the nature of, a preface; introductory to a book, essay, or discourse; as, prefatory remarks. 2
The word "prefatory" uses 9 letters: A E F O P R R T Y.
No direct anagrams for prefatory found in this word list.
Adding one letter to prefatory does not form any other word in this word list.Words within prefatory not shown as it has more than seven letters.
All words formed from prefatory by changing one letter
Browse words starting with prefatory by next letter


text:
Household income found to be related to preschool attendance in China
Early childhood education has been seen by many as a tool to break the cycle of poverty for developing countries. Yet, despite the more than 82 million children under age 5 living in China today, little is known about the factors contributing to preschool attendance there, particularly in rural areas. This omission is even more salient given that more than 70 percent of mothers in the 25–34 age range with children under the age of 6 in China work outside the home, and household income has consistently been shown to affect child care choices in both developed and developing countries.
In a new paper, scholars from New York University's Silver School of Social Work and Columbia University's Teachers College fill this knowledge gap by rigorously examining the association between household income and preschool attendance among 3- to 6-year-old children in both rural and urban areas. Using six waves of the China Health and Nutrition Survey from 1991 to 2006 (N = 2,424), they found that rural areas consistently lagged far behind urban areas in both household income and preschool attendance among the 3 to 6 year olds. Preschool attendance in 2006 was 21 percent for the rural children and 46 percent for the urban children. Despite this gap, the association between household income and preschool attendance in rural areas is similar to that in urban areas.
The authors – Xin Gong and Di Xu of Columbia's Teachers College and Wen-Jui Han of NYU's Silver School – found a robust positive association between household income and preschool attendance in both rural and urban settings. A 10 percent boost in household income will bring close to a 1 percentage point increase in preschool attendance, which is equivalent to having approximately 1 million more 3- to 6-year-old children in China attend preschools. In our data, preschool in rural areas in 2006 cost about 480–1,200 yuan per year (≈US $80-200)—as much as 30 percent or more of a rural household's income (the average annual income per capita in our rural sample was 3,894 yuan). The income figure for our urban sample was higher (5,751 yuan), but the burden was similar (up to 37 percent) given that urban preschools often have higher fees (840–2,100 yuan per year).
The paper, newly published in the journal Child Development, is entitled "Household Income and Preschool Attendance in China."
The main challenge in estimating the association between income and preschool attendance is that a wide array of factors, such as mother's working status and parental preferences for child care, could be correlated with both household income and preschool attendance, and that could bias the association. To address this challenge, we used two statistical approaches: a probit model with rich controls and a household fixed-effects model. A household fixed-effects model removes bias associated with variables that are constant over time within a household.
This is the first study to employ rigorous methodology to examine the association between household income and preschool attendance with a Chinese sample. Our results show that millions of families in China face substantial financial constraints in their children's preschool attendance, particularly in rural areas. Taken together, our findings call for government investment to address this challenge. Our results also highlight the need for future research that evaluates the impacts of subsidies or income support programs for preschool attendance in China.


Does sports jargon exclude women and alienate international teams?
Using sports jargon or idioms in the workplace can exclude women and be cross-culturally alienating in international teams
There has already been some controversial debate about whether the typically male-led, sports banter culture in the office can lead to women feeling excluded in the workplace. As Chartered Management Institute head Ann Francke described, many women can 'feel left out' when male colleagues discuss the latest football, cricket or basketball games. It's also a 'gateway to' or 'signal of' more laddish, sexist, or even violent culture. But further to this, our sports-heavy culture means that sports jargon and sports-based idioms have pervaded deep into our daily language. Particularly in the workplace. These days it is common for us to hear sporting analogies at work; we can be blindsided, getting down to the wire or with the ball in our court. Not only can these terms be confusing and exclusionary for women who don't feel included in the traditionally male sporting culture, these terms can also be cross-culturally alienating in international teams.
They can also exclude or disadvantage anyone who is not interested in the world of sports.
sports jargon exclude women
Can sports jargon exclude women?
What kind of language are we talking about?
So to put this to the test and discover how deep sports jargon really goes, and does sports jargon exclude women. 3Plus's Dorothy Dalton reached out to her LinkedIn network for a professional opinion. We dug into the types of idioms and phrases that people commonly hear and use in the workplace without thinking and got some thought-provoking responses and comments.
Hit below the belt
The common phrase referring to something that is excessively hurtful, inappropriate or insulting, actually originates from boxing. This comes from a boxer unfairly striking their opponent below the waist in an illegal move that targets the legs or crotch. Career coach, Shelley Piedmont, highlighted it's particularly negative imagery. We agree that the gendered and violent picture it paints could be left out of the office, thanks.
Being blindsided refers to not seeing something coming or not anticipating an event. This derives from American Football and hitting a player on his 'blind-side' or the other side to which they are looking. It highlights the need for cultural sensitivity around an international team or non-American or sports-loving audience.
Contact 3Plus for help with Executive Search and Diversity Recruitment.
Having skin in the game
An interesting phrase, volunteered by Business Analysis Leader Christina Lovelock, as one to be bypassed is 'having skin in the game'. Often used in business to mean having a significant stake in business or project, it derives from the derby races, the owners of the horses literally having skin the game, and therefore the most to lose. Perhaps needlessly physical and aggressive tone for a business meeting?
On the back 9
Resume writer Virginia Franco, highlighted this golfing phrase as a typical way to express being almost finished with a task in the workplace. It refers to the second 9 holes of an 18-hole golf course. Virginia admitted using the phrase while not even playing golf herself. It goes to highlight how deep-rooted these phrases are while showing the confusion they may cause.
Beat around the bush
Business Analyst Martin Simmons reminded us of this common phrase used by many, meaning to stall or waste time. The origin of this one may surprise you, coming from hunting in medieval times where hired men would beat the areas around bushes to flush out game hiding in there.
Left Field
LinkedIn specialist Petra Fisher highlighted the phrase 'left field' as one that she may use without thinking. It expresses something that surprises you, the phrase comes from the US sport baseball when the ball is thrown to home base or first plate from the area covered by the left field. Petra went further to mention that not only sports phrases, but all culturally specific language, can cause misunderstandings and is therefore best to be avoided in the workplace.
Down to the wire
Down to the wire refers to a tense situation where the outcome is not known until very close to the end. It comes from the wire marking the end of a race in horse racing but is dropped regularly into business-speak. Not something on everyone's radar.
Calling an audible
Capacity building and KM Specialist Joe O'Connor admitted being confused by American-Football-specific phrase 'calling an audible' in a new job. Referring to the Quarterback making a last minute change to the play based on how he sees the defence lining up, highlights how many people will struggle to understand idioms like this.
An all-star in sports refers to a player of the highest calibre and is often translated to the workplace. It has even made its way to LinkedIn where you can upgrade to an all-star profile, but is this language universal and inclusive?
What about idioms from other cultures?
Ok, so we can see issues that arise from very culture-specific sporting language can exclude or confuse. But does the same apply to idioms in general from different countries? Every country has its own specific ways of saying things that will likely only serve to confuse non-native speakers. So, in an ever more global and international workplace, should we avoid using idioms altogether? Florence Ranson, Founder of REDComms in Brussels, who works with the majority of non-native English speakers, says she makes a point of not cracking jokes or using puns and idioms that people may not understand. Unfortunately not the case in all companies. Let's explore some examples of idioms from different countries.
sports jargon exclude women
To add your mustard (Deinen Senf dazugeben)
In Germany adding your mustard is the equivalent to adding your opinion or '2 cents' in English. This phrase was volunteered to 3Plus by International Talent Recruiter, Stella Leaburn, who on hearing it for the first time in a network meeting was worried she should have brought mustard to the meeting.
Have other cats to whip (J'ai d'autres chats à fouetter)
This interesting French idiom means you have something urgent to do, but has the literal meaning 'I have other cats to whip'. Along with the English equivalent of having other fish to fry, how can we expect non-native speakers to know if they are in an office or a pet shop?
Hang noodles on someone's ears (Вешать лапшу на уши /veshat' lapshu na ushi)
This Russian idiom meaning to fool someone may seem more like a surreal scene in a restaurant than office-appropriate banter for non-native Russian speakers.
So, should sports and local idioms stay separate to work?
The topic does spark some controversy. While some people view sports idioms as confusing or exclusionary, others claim that sports are just a part of culture. It can also be problematic in itself to suggest that women don't like, or can't join in with, sports language. Some women suggest their interest in sport played by men helps them fit into male coded environments. Others argue that international people enjoy learning new idioms and this is just a challenge they face working in a second language like any other. However while this may be true, what is undeniable is that most mainstream sports discussed in the workplace, usually refer to teams with almost exclusively male players.
Sports idioms are also often specific to sports played in one or a select few countries, and can delve into technical details that are not inclusive to all types of people. The analogies and idioms often bring in competitive, gendered or violent imagery and propagate a male-heavy environment. Also, if being interested in sports has nothing to do with the work you do, why should you be expected, or penalised for not understanding or engaging with it in the workplace? It is an environment where in every other aspect we are expected to be formal, professional and neutral.
We say why not just leave sports outside the office altogether?
Tackle these issues head on with our Managing Unconscious Bias workshops. Contact 3Plus now!
Hanna Greeman Contributor
follow me
Found that interesting?
Learn more about our services
Individual services
Corporate services
Upcoming events
Book Now
There are no upcoming Events at this time.
Dates for the Diary
We have Remote Learning Programs available
Download and listen free podcasts
Related articles
Sexism and stereotypes starts at home
Sexism and stereotypes starts at home
Sexism and gender stereotyping starts at home with us. I have been spending time with small children recently and have become very aware of all sorts of things in the type of influences that they are exposed to and can see how we embed stereotypes every day without thinking. It's in books, movies, and even clothes that I had completely forgotten about.
read more
Pin It on Pinterest
Share This
3 Plus International Call Back Request


Crawl Quick-Start Guide ======================= Copyright 1999 Linley Henzell So, you want to start playing Crawl straight away without bothering with the manual? Read this, the guide to starting Crawl with a minimum of preparation. I suggest printing it out and following its instructions while playing your first few games (you can also press '?' twice while playing for a list of commands). You should also try the tutorial mode; it only takes a few minutes. When you get some more time, you can read 'crawl_manual.txt' in the docs/ directory for more detailed information. INTRODUCTION TO CRAWL --------------------- Crawl is a large and very random game of subterranean exploration in a fantasy world of magic and frequent violence. Your quest is to travel into the depths of the Dungeon (which is different each time you play) and retrieve the Orb of Zot. Crawl is an RPG of the 'rogue-like' type, one of the descendants of Rogue. Its graphics are simple but highly informative, designed to be understood at a glance, and control is exercised largely through one-keystroke commands. STARTING OUT ------------ After starting the program you will be greeted with a message asking for your name. Don't spend too much time over this, as your first character will **not** last very long (sorry, but it's true). Next you are given menus of species and backgrounds from which to choose. A hill orc, minotaur or troll Fighter is a good bet. Elves are quite fragile, humans are pretty average at everything, and the weirder species are mostly too tricky for beginning players. Finally, you may be given a choice of weapons. I suggest an axe (axes are fun). Now you are in the game. The game screen has three parts: - the Map takes up the upper left part of the screen. In its very centre is the '@' sign which represents You. The coloured parts of the Map are the parts you can see, while places which you have visited before but cannot currently see are shown in grey. - the Message box is the large part of the screen below the map. It describes events as they happen and asks you questions from time to time. - the Stats area (to the right of the Map) contains various indicators of your health and abilities. EXPLORING --------- Try walking around, using either the numeric keypad (try numlock off and on) or the Rogue ('hjklyubn') keys. Pressing 'o' will activate auto-explore, which will move until an enemy is seen, or some other notable event (e.g. finding a set of stairs) occurs. If you want to know what a certain character on the screen represents, you can use the 'x' (examine) command to get a short description, and then 'v' to get more information. You use the 'O', 'C' commands to open or close doors, and the '<' (up) and '>' (down) commands to climb staircases. The Dungeon gets more dangerous (but more interesting!) as you go down. If you get lost you can access a map of the whole level you are on with the 'X' command, which uses the whole screen. ITEMS ----- After walking around for a while, you will no doubt come across some items lying around (you may come across some monsters as well; for help in dealing with them skip to the Monsters section). You can pick up items with the 'g' (get) or ',' commands and drop them again with 'd' (drop), and the 'i' (inventory) command shows you what you're carrying. While examining your inventory, press any item's key to see more information about it, and to list available commands. There are several different types of items: - **Weapons**, represented by the ')' sign. Wield them with the 'w' (wield) command. Some weapons are cursed and cannot be un-wielded without the use of magic. - **Armour** ('['). Wear it, or take it off, with the 'W' (Wear) command. Heavier armours give more protection, but may hamper your ability to fight, dodge, and cast spells. These can also be cursed. - **Ammunition** (which has the '(' sign). Throw it with 'f' and 'F' (fire). Stones, tomahawks and javelins are meant to be thrown by hand; other missiles need an appropriate launcher to be wielded (e.g. arrows are only effective when shot with a bow). - **Wands** ('/'), **Scrolls** ('?') and **Potions** ('!') can be very valuable, but have limited uses (scrolls and potions can only be used once each, wands contain only a certain number of charges). Wands are e'V'oked, scrolls are 'r'ead and potions are 'q'uaffed. Unfortunately, you won't at first know what a scroll or potion does; it will only be described by its physical appearance. But once you have used, for example, a potion of curing, you will in the future recognise all potions of curing. - **Rings** ('=') and **Amulets** ('"') provide various mostly-helpful effects. They are put on with 'P' (put on) and can be removed with 'R'. They can, like weapons, be cursed. - **Money** ('$') can be used to buy stuff in shops. There are a few other types of items, but you will discover these as you play. MONSTERS -------- You will also run into monsters (most of which are represented by letters of the alphabet). You can attack a monster by trying to move into the square it is occupying. Pressing Tab will automatically move toward & attack nearby monsters. When you are wounded you lose hit points (displayed near the top of the stats list); these return gradually over time through the natural process of healing. If you lose all of your hp you die. To survive, you will need to develop a few basic tactics: - Never fight more than one monster if you can help it. Always back into a corridor so that they must fight you one-on-one. - If you are badly wounded, you can run away from monsters to buy some time. Try losing them in corridors, or as a very last resort find a place where you can run around in circles to heal while the monster chases you. - Remember to use projectiles before engaging monsters in close combat. - Rest between encounters. The 's', '.', delete or keypad-5 commands make you rest for one turn, while pressing '5' or Shift-and-keypad-5 make you rest for a longer time (you will stop resting when fully healed). - Learn when to run away from things you can't handle - this is important! It is often wise to skip a dangerous level. But don't overdo this. DEATH ----- Before long, you'll probably end up dead. Death in Crawl is permanent; you cannot just reload a saved game and start again where you left off. The 'S' (save) command exists only to let you leave a game part-way through and come back to it later. Quitting ('Ctrl-Q') lets you commit suicide if you can't even be bothered to help your character escape alive. Well, that's it for the quick-start guide. This should help you through your first few games, but Crawl is extremely (some would say excessively) complex and cannot be adequately described in so short a document. So when you feel ready to start playing with magic, skills, and religions, browse the manual. Happy Crawling!


[][src]Crate beach_map
A BeachMap is actually a SlotMap, a data structure used to store elements and access them with an id.
Exemple:
use beach_map::BeachMap;

let mut beach = BeachMap::default();
let id1 = beach.insert(1);
let id2 = beach.insert(2);

assert_eq!(beach.len(), 2);
assert_eq!(beach[id1], 1);

assert_eq!(beach.remove(id2), Some(2));
assert_eq!(beach.get(id2), None);
assert_eq!(beach.len(), 1);

beach[id1] = 7;
assert_eq!(beach[id1], 7);

beach.extend(vec![1, 2, 3]);

assert_eq!(beach.data(), [7, 1, 2, 3]);
You shouldn't assume the order of the elements as any removing operation will shuffle them.
Structs
BeachMap
FilterOut
ID
Handle to a value inside the BeachMap.
IterID
IterMutID
Type Definitions
DefaultVersion


text:
Fuerteventura weather and climate
Fuerteventura has more than 3000 hours of sunshine per year and an average annual temperature of a balmy 22 degrees. Rain is very rare but is most likely between October and March. The trade winds blow from the north east most of the year ensuring that even the hottest of days will feel cool and pleasant. The Calima however - a hot dry wind from the east occasionally brings heat and dust from the Sahara - with temperatures that can rise over 40 degrees. Sea temperatures range from 18 degrees in January to 23 degrees in October.
Find out more about Fuerteventura travel information


Dynamic frequency scaling : définition de Dynamic frequency scaling et synonymes de Dynamic frequency scaling (anglais)
 Publicité ▼
définition - Dynamic frequency scaling
voir la définition de Wikipedia
Wikipedia
Dynamic frequency scaling
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Dynamic frequency scaling (also known as CPU throttling) is a technique in computer architecture whereby the frequency of a microprocessor can be automatically adjusted "on-the-fly", either to conserve power or to reduce the amount of heat generated by the chip. Dynamic frequency scaling is commonly used in laptops and other mobile devices, where energy comes from a battery and thus is limited. It is also used in quiet computing settings and to decrease energy and cooling costs for lightly loaded machines. Less heat output, in turn, allows the system cooling fans to be throttled down or turned off, reducing noise levels and further decreasing power consumption. It is also used for reducing heat in insufficiently cooled systems when the temperature reaches a certain threshold, such as in poorly cooled overclocked systems.
The dynamic power (switching power) dissipated by a chip is C·V2·f, where C is the capacitance being switched per clock cycle, V is voltage, and f is the switching frequency,[1]. As frequency changes, the dynamic power will change linearly with it. Dynamic power does not account the total power of the chip however, as there is also static power, which is primarily due to various leakage currents. Leakage current has become more and more important as feature sizes has become smaller and threshold levels lower. In state-of-the-art deep submicrometre technologies in 2008, dynamic power accounts for approximately two-thirds of the total chip power, which limits the effectiveness of frequency scaling.[citation needed]
Dynamic voltage scaling is another power conservation technique that is often used in conjunction with frequency scaling, as the frequency that a chip may run at is related to the operating voltage.
The efficiency of some electrical components, such as voltage regulators, decreases with increasing temperature, so the power used may increase with temperature. Since increasing power use may increase the temperature, increases in voltage or frequency may increase system power demands even further than the CMOS formula indicates, and vice-versa. [2][3]
Performance impact
Dynamic frequency scaling reduces the number of instructions a processor can issue in a given amount of time, thus reducing performance. Hence, it is generally used when the workload is not CPU-bound.
Dynamic frequency scaling by itself is rarely worthwhile as a way to conserve switching power. Saving the most power requires dynamic voltage scaling too, because of the V2 component and the fact that modern CPUs are strongly optimized for low power idle states. In most constant-voltage cases it is more efficient to run briefly at peak speed and stay in a deep idle state for longer (called "race to idle"), than it is to run at a reduced clock rate for a long time and only stay briefly in a light idle state. However, reducing voltage along with clock rate can change those tradeoffs.
A related-but-opposite technique is overclocking, whereby processor performance is increased by ramping the processor's (dynamic) frequency beyond the manufacturer's design specifications.
One major difference between the two is that in modern PC systems overclocking is mostly done over the Front Side Bus (mainly because the multiplier is normally locked), but dynamic frequency scaling is done with the multiplier. Moreover, overclocking is often static, while dynamic frequency scaling is always dynamic. Software can often incorporate overclocked frequencies into the frequency scaling algorithm, if the chip degradation risks are allowable.
Implementations
Intel's CPU throttling technology, SpeedStep, is used in its mobile CPU line. AMD employs two different CPU throttling technologies; AMD's Cool'n'Quiet technology is used on its desktop and server processor lines. The aim of Cool'n'Quiet is not to save battery life, as it is not used in AMD's mobile processor line, but instead with the purpose of producing less heat, which in turn allows the system fan to spin down to slower speeds, resulting in cooler and quieter operation, hence the name of the technology. AMD's PowerNow! CPU throttling technology is used in its mobile processor line, though some supporting CPUs like the AMD K6-2+ can be found in desktops as well.
According to the ACPI Specs, the C0 working state of a modern-day CPU can be divided into the so called "P"-states (performance states) which allow clock rate reduction and "T"-states (throttling states) which will further throttle down a CPU (but not the actual clock rate) by inserting STPCLK (stop clock) signals and thus omitting duty cycles.
References
 1. ^ J. M. Rabaey. Digital Integrated Circuits. Prentice Hall, 1996.
 2. ^ Mike Chin. "Asus EN9600GT Silent Edition Graphics Card". Silent PC Review. p. 5. _URL_ Retrieved 2008-04-21.
 3. ^ MIke Chin. "80 Plus expands podium for Bronze, Silver & Gold". Silent PC Review. _URL_ Retrieved 2008-04-21.
 Publicité ▼

Toutes les traductions de Dynamic frequency scaling
Contenu de sensagent
 - définitions
 - synonymes
 - antonymes
 - encyclopédie
 - definition
 - synonym
 Publicité ▼
dictionnaire et traducteur pour sites web
Alexandria
Une fenêtre (pop-into) d'information (contenu principal de Sensagent) est invoquée un double-clic sur n'importe quel mot de votre page web. LA fenêtre fournit des explications et des traductions contextuelles, c'est-à-dire sans obliger votre visiteur à quitter votre page web !
Essayer ici, télécharger le code;
Solution commerce électronique
Augmenter le contenu de votre site
Ajouter de nouveaux contenus Add à votre site depuis Sensagent par XML.
Parcourir les produits et les annonces
Obtenir des informations en XML pour filtrer le meilleur contenu.
Indexer des images et définir des méta-données
Fixer la signification de chaque méta-donnée (multilingue).
Renseignements suite à un email de description de votre projet.
Jeux de lettres
Les jeux de lettre français sont :
○ Anagrammes
○ jokers, mots-croisés
○ Lettris
○ Boggle.
Lettris
Lettris est un jeu de lettres gravitationnelles proche de Tetris. Chaque lettre qui apparaît descend ; il faut placer les lettres de telle manière que des mots se forment (gauche, droit, haut et bas) et que de la place soit libérée.
boggle
Il s'agit en 3 minutes de trouver le plus grand nombre de mots possibles de trois lettres et plus dans une grille de 16 lettres. Il est aussi possible de jouer avec la grille de 25 cases. Les lettres doivent être adjacentes et les mots les plus longs sont les meilleurs. Participer au concours et enregistrer votre nom dans la liste de meilleurs joueurs ! Jouer
Dictionnaire de la langue française
Principales Références
La plupart des définitions du français sont proposées par SenseGates et comportent un approfondissement avec Littré et plusieurs auteurs techniques spécialisés.
Le dictionnaire des synonymes est surtout dérivé du dictionnaire intégral (TID).
L'encyclopédie française bénéficie de la licence Wikipedia (GNU).
Traduction
Changer la langue cible pour obtenir des traductions.
Astuce: parcourir les champs sémantiques du dictionnaire analogique en plusieurs langues pour mieux apprendre avec sensagent.

3094 visiteurs en ligne
calculé en 0,047s
sensagent
Je voudrais signaler :
section :
une faute d'orthographe ou de grammaire
un contenu abusif (raciste, pornographique, diffamatoire)
une violation de copyright
une erreur
un manque
autre
merci de préciser :
allemand anglais arabe bulgare chinois coréen croate danois espagnol espéranto estonien finnois français grec hébreu hindi hongrois islandais indonésien italien japonais letton lituanien malgache néerlandais norvégien persan polonais portugais roumain russe serbe slovaque slovène suédois tchèque thai turc vietnamien
allemand anglais arabe bulgare chinois coréen croate danois espagnol espéranto estonien finnois français grec hébreu hindi hongrois islandais indonésien italien japonais letton lituanien malgache néerlandais norvégien persan


bug message" on screen
By default, the logger level will be used to decide of the a log passes: If the log level is lower than logger level, the log will be ignored.
Python Logging Best Practices
The logging module is indeed very handy, but it contains some quirks that can cause long hours of headache for even the best Python developers. Here are the best practices for using the Python logging module in my opinion:
 - Configure the root logger but never use it in your code—e.g., never call a function like logging.info(), which actually calls the root logger behind the scenes. If you want to catch error messages from libraries you use, make sure to configure the root logger to write to a file, for example, to make the debugging easier. By default, the root logger only outputs to stderr, so the log can get lost easily.
 - To use the logging, make sure to create a new logger by using logging.getLogger(logger name). I usually use __name__ as the logger name, but anything can be used, as long as it is consistent. To add more handlers, I usually have a method that returns a logger (you can find the gist on _URL_
import logging
import sys
from logging.handlers import TimedRotatingFileHandler
FORMATTER = logging.Formatter("%(asctime)s — %(name)s — %(levelname)s — %(message)s")
LOG_FILE = "my_app.log"
def get_console_handler():
 console_handler = logging.StreamHandler(sys.stdout)
 console_handler.setFormatter(FORMATTER)
 return console_handler
def get_file_handler():
 file_handler = TimedRotatingFileHandler(LOG_FILE, when='midnight')
 file_handler.setFormatter(FORMATTER)
 return file_handler
def get_logger(logger_name):
 logger = logging.getLogger(logger_name)
 logger.setLevel(logging.DEBUG) # better to have too much log than not enough
 logger.addHandler(get_console_handler())
 logger.addHandler(get_file_handler())
 # with this pattern, it's rarely necessary to propagate the error up to parent
 logger.propagate = False
 return logger
After you can create a new logger and use it:
my_logger = get_logger("my module name")
my_logger.debug("a debug message")
 - Use RotatingFileHandler classes, such as the TimedRotatingFileHandler used in the Python logging example instead of FileHandler, as it will rotate the file for you automatically when the file reaches a size limit or do it everyday.
 - Use tools like Sentry, Airbrake, Raygun, etc., to catch error logs automatically for you. This is especially useful in the context of a web app, where the log can be very verbose and error logs can get lost easily. Another advantage of using these tools is that you can get details about variable values in the error so you can know what URL triggers the error, which user is concerned, etc.
If you're interested in more best practices, read The 10 Most Common Mistakes That Python Developers Make by fellow Toptaler Martin Chikilian.
Understanding the basics
 - What is a debugging tool?
 A debugging tool is a tool that allows developers to spot errors and investigate problems. It can be a command line tool such as gdb, pdb (for Python) or can be embedded in an IDE (Visual Studio, idea suites, etc)
 - What is the debug log?
 This is simply the output of the program, a better version of "print" in layman's terms. In the context of a web application, this log usually contains the incoming request information such as request path, request time, HTTP status, etc.
 - What is "logging" in Python?
 Logging is a module in the Python standard library that provides a richly-formatted log with a flexible filter and the possibility to redirect logs to other sources such as syslog or email.
 - What is the Python debugger?
 The most popular python debugger is pdb. There are currently some projects working to improve the usability of pdb by providing tab-completion, color syntax, code browsing or remote debugging. These projects include ipdb, pudb, and wdb. There are also some IDE-specific debuggers such as the pydev engine or PTVS.
Freelancer? Find your next job.
Python Developer Jobs
Son Nguyen Kim's profile image
Son Nguyen Kim
Located in Paris, France
Member since June 17, 2015
About the author
Son is highly skilled with software engineering and ML algorithms and always tries hard to tackle problems with a simple approach.
Toptalauthors are vetted experts in their fields and write on topics in which they have demonstrated experience. All of our content is peer reviewed and validated by Toptal experts in the same field.
Expertise
Previously At
Criteo
World-class articles, delivered weekly.
Subscription implies consent to our privacy policy
World-class articles, delivered weekly.
Subscription implies consent to our privacy policy
Join the Toptal® community.


text:
infused with essential oils or natural scents like lavender or chamomile.
How to Use Heated Eye Masks
Using heated eye masks is simple and straightforward. Follow these steps to make the most of your relaxation experience:
1. Start by carefully reading the manufacturer's instructions for your specific heated eye mask.
2. If you have an electrically heated eye mask, ensure it is fully charged or the batteries are inserted correctly. If you have a microwavable mask, heat it according to the provided instructions.
3. Gently place the mask over your closed eyes, ensuring it covers the entire eye area.
4. Relax in a comfortable position and enjoy the soothing warmth for the recommended duration, usually around 10 to 20 minutes.
5. After use, remove the mask and store it in a clean and dry place.
Precautions and Safety Tips
While heated eye masks are generally safe to use, it's important to keep the following precautions in mind:
1. Follow the manufacturer's instructions regarding heating duration and temperature to avoid overheating or burning.
2. Check the mask's temperature before applying it to your eyes to ensure it's comfortable and not too hot.
3. Do not use heated eye masks if you have an eye infection, injury, or any other eye-related condition without consulting a healthcare professional.
4. Avoid falling asleep while wearing a heated eye mask to prevent any potential hazards.
Heated eye masks have revolutionized the way we relax and care for our eyes. With their gentle warmth and therapeutic benefits, these masks provide a much-needed respite from our busy lives. Whether you're seeking relief from eye strain, relaxation after a long day, or a better night's sleep, heated eye masks can be your go-to solution. Remember to choose the right mask for your needs, follow the usage guidelines, and prioritize safety. So, give your eyes the relaxation they deserve and indulge in the soothing warmth of heated eye masks.
Heated Eye Masks FAQs
Q. Can heated eye masks help with migraines or headaches?
A. Heated eye masks may provide temporary relief for headaches or migraines associated with eye strain or tension. However, if you suffer from chronic migraines or severe headaches, it's best to consult a healthcare professional for appropriate treatment.
Q. How often can I use a heated eye mask?
A. You can use a heated eye mask as often as needed. However, it's recommended to limit usage to once or twice a day for around 10 to 20 minutes each time.
Q. Can I wash a heated eye mask?
A. This depends on the specific heated eye mask. Some masks come with removable and washable covers, while others may require spot cleaning. Refer to the manufacturer's instructions for proper cleaning methods.
Q. Can heated eye masks be used with contact lenses?
A. It's generally safe to use heated eye masks while wearing contact lenses. However, to ensure comfort and prevent any potential damage to the lenses, it's advisable to consult your eye care professional for personalized guidance.


text:
A rare hurricane-like storm in the Mediterranean threatens Egypt and Israel
Egypt and Israel are preparing for the onset of heavy rains and strong winds as a rare "medicane" barrels toward them.Posted — Updated
Medicanes are named for a combination of "Mediterranean" and "hurricane" due to their blend of tropical and extratropical cyclone characteristics.
Up to 200 mm (nearly 8 inches) of rain is possible locally from Friday to late Saturday as the storm moves through the region, raising concerns for flash flooding.
Northeastern Egypt, southern Israel, the Palestinian territories and the Sinai Peninsula are arid regions that receive an average of 10-20 mm (nearly half an inch to almost an inch) of rain in October. This storm may bring 10 times as much rain as normally falls in the entire month of October and it could fall in only a few hours.
Egypt's capital, Cairo, has experienced severe flooding from heavy rains already this past week from an unrelated storm system, killing at least 11 people. Cairo may fortunately miss the worst of the rainfall as the system moves past the city to the east.
Satellite imagery suggests current wind speeds upward of 20 mph at sea, and some models suggest that sustained wind speeds of 40 mph may be felt on shore early Saturday morning.
The UK Met Office says medicanes are incredibly rare this far east, and there are only one or two storms like this per year, according to a 2011 study.
They usually form during September and October when the waters in the Mediterranean Sea are warm. At the moment, temperatures in the Mediterranean are even warmer than normal, especially in the eastern waters, where the sea surface temperatures are currently 1-3 degrees Celsius above average.
A 2016 study warns that climate change is expected to increase the probability of medicanes in future years as temperatures in the Mediterranean Sea continue to warm.
Copyright 2023 by Cable News Network, Inc., a Time Warner Company. All rights reserved.


text:
An Extraordinary Adventure of Discovery and Exploration
Recovering, Conserving and Protecting Tonga's lost Maritime History. A joint project of Tonga Blue Ltd and the people of the Kingdom of Tonga, supported by HRH Crown Prince Tupouto'a 'Ulukalala.
There are many shipwrecks in the waters surrounding the Kingdom of Tonga.
Some were simply wrecked and others were 'killed' by brave Tongan warriors, so long ago. Most have never been surveyed or investigated.
Many are yet to be re-discovered and lay hidden beneath the sea. Some may have had important parts removed. The age of these wrecks could date back to the 16th century and all are national treasures that are part of Tonga's rich maritime heritage and deserve to be managed.
Ultimately, Tonga Blue hopes to work with the Government to help establish a comprehensive 'heritage dive trail' and archeological displays of significant artefacts in the Tongan Cultural centre to boost tourism.


text: Abstract : The agronomists design many models whose usefulness, outside research, is questioned. This work, between agronomy and design ergonomics, proposes a methodology to design a tool DIAGVAR that could support cultivar assessment in link with its possible use by three groups of actors (seed breeders, people in charge of official assessment of the new cultivars and advisors). This design methodology aims at expanding jointly the agronomic model inscribed inside the tool and the activities of both designers and potential users. Our design methodology has combined an analysis of the activity of cultivar assessment and a stage of simulation where the potential users used a prototype of DIAGVAR on their own data. It has allowed us to identify many agronomic questions about the model of DIAGVAR. We have dealt with two of them, about new indicators of the N status of crops to make their measurement possible in cultivar trials and about the stability of statistical methods, used in the model of DIAGVAR, according to the various configurations of actors' databases. These questions have led us to strongly modify our agronomic model. From an ergonomic point of view, we have analysed the instrumental geneses caused by our design methodology. We have more globally analysed how our methodology modified the activity of the actors who took part to that work. We have finally proposed a frame to identify how our engineering project for the design of a tool allows us to produce scientific knowledge.


text:
The Quality Enhancement Plan (QEP) is the component of the reaffirmation process that reflects and affirms the commitment of SACS to enhance the quality of higher education and focus on student learning. The QEP describes a carefully designed course of action that addresses a well-defined and focused topic or issue related to enhancing student learning. The QEP will be embedded within JMU's ongoing integrated institution-wide planning and evaluation processes. The topic may evolve from the existing process or from others related to the university's internal reaffirmation report and review.
Developing a QEP as part of the reaffirmation process is an opportunity for us to enhance overall institutional quality and effectiveness by focusing on an issue the institution considers a way of improving student learning. The evaluators expect the QEP to present a clear and comprehensive analysis of the selected topic and show its crucial importance to the institution. The QEP is expected to include:
- A university-wide process for identifying key issues
- Broad-based involvement of institutional constituents in the development and implementation
While the Compliance Certification focuses on the present, the QEP looks to the future. Topic selection will begin soon. If you have an idea for how JMU can enhance its student learning, you could be part of the QEP! Go to _URL_ for more information and to submit your proposal.


text:
Creates a file on the SFTP server.
int CreateFile(const QString& qsFileName);
This method creates an empty file on the server with the name specified by the FileName parameter.
To upload a file with content use Upload instead.
This method returns a result code; 0 indicates success, while a non-zero error code indicates that this method encountered an error during its execution. If an error occurs, the GetLastError() method can be called to retrieve the associated error message. (Note: This method's result code can also be obtained by calling the GetLastErrorCode() method after it returns.)


text:
Can you spot the asteroid in the star photo below?
|The asteroid Vesta moving among the stars of Eastern Capricornus in June-July 2011.
|The "East dome" Newtonian telescope at Brazos Bend State Park imaging the asteroid "Pratchett".
Here is a photo of a telescope at Brazos Bend State park imaging the asteroid "Pratchett". Can you identify what constellation is visible through the dome slit? Note the stars here are streaked because we
used a stationary camera, fixed to the Earth... which is rotating! The images of Vesta at the top of the page were taken with
a camera fixed to the telescope, which turns to track the stars... keeping a fixed orientation in space as the Earth turns
The red streaks were made by people moving around during the
exposure using very dim red flashlights to see their way in the dark. The red "bullseye" on the dome ceiling is
from the Telrad finder scope used to point the telescope. It projects a red bullseye onto the sky when you look through it,
and that's part of how the astronomers using the telescope get it pointed at just the right spot in the sky. But it also projects
a very dim red bullseye onto the inside of the telescope dome!
Was Vesta too easy? See if you can find the asteroid "Pratchett" in the images that were taken by the telescope above.
Back to Activities for kids!


text:
running time 32:22
The nature of this connected, and potentially endless, source of imagery lends itself to an automated animation exploring level after level, flying through real-world time and events faster than they can be processed by the human eye. This animation has become known as the Gridcosm Flythrough.
In the decade-plus that Gridcosm has existed, over 24000 individual images have been created, with an average time elapsing between creation of only 4 hours. Additionally, textual data has amassed in the form of a freeform text block which accompanies each piece, as well as user-generated tagging of each level's content.
Gridcosm Information Overload is an attempt to explore over 10 years of data, accidently generated as a by-product of this perpetual art project. Imagery is explored in terms of color values, relative position, ordering of contribution, and more. Individual artists (denoted by their three-letter IDs) are compared by localized participation levels. Overall activity is mapped against scaled real-time to highlight both lulls and frenzied growth. In short, Gridcosm Information Overload is an experimental documentary, automatically generated, to visualize and pay homage to the hours upon hours of artistic energy spent by the 300 people who have made Gridcosm the amazing project that it is today. It is not intended to be digested all at once, but rather represent the scale of the project and the huge amount of work by the participating artists by overwhelming the senses and beckoning for a slower and more detailed exploration by the viewer.
0:30 Sample (mp4, 640x480, 3MB)


Your question: Which is the biggest and smallest county in Kenya?
We base our ranking on the square kilometers coverage as per the National records as stipulated in the 2010 constitution that led to the establishment of Kenyan counties. Mombasa County is the smallest county in Kenya spanning 212.5 square kilometres.
Which is the largest county in Kenya?
Which is the smallest county in Kenya?
Map of Mombasa County. The smallest county in Kenya, covering an area of 229.7sq km. It borders Kilifi County to the North, Kwale County to the South West and the Indian Ocean to the East.
Which is the smallest county?
If we go by the historic counties list, Rutland is indeed the smallest with a total area of 382 sq km (147.4 sq miles), according to the Office for National Statistics (ONS).
READ What turtle has the shortest lifespan?
Which is the third largest county in Kenya?
In 3rd is Wajir situated in the North-Eastern part of Kenya. The county is bordered by Garissa to the South, Mandera to the North, Ethiopia to the North East, Marsabit to the West, and Somalia to the East. Wajir has an estimated surface area of 56, 685.8 square kilometers.
Which is the second biggest county in Kenya?
With its capital in Lodwar, the County Government of Turkana is a government for the people of Turkana and whose interests and aspirations are those for the people of Turkana. At 77,000 sq. km, Turkana County is the second largest county, covering more than 13% of Kenya's surface.
Which is the second smallest county in Kenya?
Vihiga County
The western county of Vihiga is the second smallest county in Kenya. It covers 513.3 square kilometres. Vihiga Town is the county headquarters. Approximately 554,622 people reside in this second smallest town.
Which is the most educated tribe in Kenya?
Which is the oldest town in Kenya?
Lamu Town on Lamu Island is Kenya's oldest continually inhabited town, and was one of the original Swahili settlements along coastal East Africa. It is believed to have been established in 1370.
Which tribe is good in bed in Kenya?
Maasai men are ranked the best in regards to bedroom energy. Their strength, energy and masculinity makes them perform exemplary, beating all other men in the country.
READ You asked: How do you print the second largest element in an array?
What are the 3 largest counties in England?
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Rank County Area
1 Yorkshire 3,669,510 acres (14,850.0 km2)
2 Lincolnshire 1,663,850 acres (6,733.4 km2)
3 Devon 1,636,450 acres (6,622.5 km2)
4 Norfolk 1,292,300 acres (5,230 km2)
Is a city bigger than a county?
A county is larger in population than any one city that is within the county. … Cities lie within a county, within a state. A county is geographically created for political purposes within a state.
Which county is the largest in size?
List of largest counties
Rank County State
1 San Bernardino County California
2 Coconino County Arizona
3 Nye County Nevada
4 Elko County Nevada
Which is the cleanest city in Kenya?
Real-time Kenya Cleanest city ranking
# city US AQI
1 Ngong, Kajiado 58
2 Nairobi, Nairobi 61
3 Mombasa, Mombasa 159
Which is the largest city in Kenya?
Nairobi is the capital and the largest city of Kenya.
Which is the fastest growing town in Kenya?
Located to the south of the Cherangani Hills in western Kenya, Eldoret is the fifth largest urban center in the country. It is one of the fastest-growing towns in Kenya, and it boasts some of the largest universities and hospitals in the country.
Like this post? Please share to your friends:


text:
Online Documentation for SQL Manager for MySQL
Stored functions are routines that are available in 5.x and later versions of MySQL server. A Stored function is a set of SQL commands that returns the result and can be stored in the server. Once this is done, clients do not need to keep re-issuing the individual commands but can refer to the stored function instead.
Function Editor allows you to define function properties. It opens automatically when you create a new function and is available on editing an existing one.
To open a function in Function Editor, double-click it in the DB Explorer tree.
- Using Navigation bar and Toolbar
- Creating/editing function
- Browsing object dependencies
- Editing function description
- Viewing DDL definition
- Executing function


text:
In Collaboration with World Forum Foundation
In Loving Hands: How the Rights for Young Children Living in Children's Homes Offer Hope and Happiness In Today's World by Elsa Chahin with Anna Tardos, is the definitive book that advocates for children living in residential settings. Under the proper circumstances, these institutions, while not always having provided the ideal climate for healthy growth, both emotionally and physically, can operate in the best interests of children when they adhere to the precepts of this book.
Written in three parts – an overview, the declaration of 10 rights and global voices of experience – In Loving Hands offers an in-depth look at how the quality of care in residential homes can be improved through information, detailed guidance and applicable tools. After comprehensive research, the authors have made it their mission to support institutions in successfully caring for young children in group settings.
No longer is it necessary for institutes to be branded as "Dickensian," as this book provides the tools for creating a safe and nurturing environment, with children receiving responsive care from trained, educated and caring adults. The authors of In Loving Hands offer a responsible, pragmatic and passionate alternative to the familial home, one where children are able to thrive and grow up to be healthy, happy and productive members of society. Equally important is the idea that the information in this book can also apply to parents blessed to be raising children at home.


What is the difference between 'Can I help you with' and 'Can I help you'?
please teach me how they are different.
 - It's not syntactically valid to end your utterance with the preposition with (it must refer to something - a noun, pronoun, demonstrative, or similar, such as Can I help you with that?). Valid prepositions that can stand alone include Can I help you out? (implied metaphorical...out of your problematical situation) and Can I help you up? (implied literal...up from your low seating position). Jul 18 '17 at 12:31
Can I help you? is an "open-ended" question; it does not place any explicit limitations on what help the person being asked may request. There may be implicit limitations imposed by context; for example, a store employee approaching you while you are looking at the counter they are responsible for may ask the open-ended Can I help you?, but is really only inquiring if you need assistance with the products being sold at that counter.
Can I help you with {whatever}? is a limiting question; the person asking is explicitly specifying that their willingness or ability to assist is limited to {whatever}.
Your Answer


text:
Boulder Daily Camera file photo
Boulder Daily Camera file photo
BOULDER (AP) – On Sept. 14, 1954, President Dwight D. Eisenhower became the first sitting president to visit Boulder when he toured the sparkling new lab facilities that had just been constructed for the bureau now known as the National Institute of Standards and Technology. He delivered a dedication speech to an estimated 10,000 – about half the size of Boulder's total population at the time.
The content of Eisenhower's speech is well known – a transcript was published in the newspaper at the time and it is easy to find online today – but until recently, an audio recording of the speech was not so easy to come by.
Now, Boulder's Carnegie Branch Library for Local History has digitized a recording of the speech made by KBOL radio.
"What he said has been known for a long time," said Laura Ost, director of media relations for the institute in Boulder. "Something about hearing him say it is very powerful."
Ost's research into the 1954 speech led to the uncovering of the recording. She was looking for historical material about the National Institute of Standards and Technology, originally called the National Bureau of Standards, for an exhibit that the lab is developing. That led her to the Carnegie library to sort through historic photos.
But she also found an entry in the library's catalog for the KBOL radio collection. The entry noted that the collection was a box of reel-to-reel tapes, which mostly had not been listened to since the collection was donated. But many of the reel boxes had topics taped onto them, including one that read "1954 Bureau of Standards dedication."
Library archivist Marti Anderson helped Ost get a first listen to the tape.
"Years and years ago, somebody had donated to the library a reel-to-reel tape player," Anderson said. "I Googled how to put the tape in the tape player."
And it worked.
"She set it up and we listened to it – just enough to hear what was on it – it was so old," Ost said. "I got pretty excited."
Until this past April, when President Barack Obama made the first of two trips to the University of Colorado this year, Eisenhower was the only sitting president to visit Boulder.
In his speech, which can be heard at dailycamera.com, Eisenhower calls science America's next great frontier for discovery.
"... The frontier days when we could go out and discover new land – new wonders of geography and of nature – has seemed largely in the past. But here, inside this building, we have a frontier possibly of even greater romantic value as well as greater material value to us than were some of the discoveries of those days," he said.
Eisenhower also spent a large part of his speech talking about how science can be used both for good and for evil and challenging the audience and the people who would work in the lab to leverage scientific discoveries to make America better.
"... Possibly each one of us is a laboratory to discover what we can contribute toward the growth of that kind of spirit among men that will make all of these discoveries of these dedicated scientists become assets to us," Eisenhower said, "as we try to develop for ourselves and our children a better life, a richer life – one that gives us more opportunity to grow intellectually and spiritually."
Anderson said helping Ost find the recording was fun – but it's just part of the job of being an archivist.
"That's what Carnegie is all about, is helping people on their quest," she said. "It takes all sorts of different turns. It's a fun experience to work at Carnegie, and it's really fun to watch people find what they thought they never could find."


text:
Chandeliers full of crystal. The richness of shapes and materials is the most significant element of the collection. The uniqueness of each detail, that is handmade, creates when combined with light, very unique object.
The morphology and the typology of this chandelier come from the original fixture installed in the ceremonial hall of Dolmabahce Palace in the mid 19th century. The origin of the texture can be traced back to Czech glass-makers. It is the biggest chandelier, made from Czech glass, that has ever been produced. It consists of 750 lights and weights 4.5 tons. It was given to Sultan Abdülmecid the first by British Queen Victoria.


text:
7 August 2019
Public confidence in sentencing and the criminal justice system
The Sentencing Council has a statutory duty to have regard to the need to promote public confidence in the system when developing the sentencing guidelines and monitoring their impact. To achieve this, the Council must have an understanding of the public's attitude to, and knowledge of, sentencing and the criminal justice system.
Public Knowledge of and Confidence in the Criminal Justice System and Sentencing reports on research carried out to help the Council meet its public confidence obligations. The research, which included an online survey of 2,000 adults representative of the population of England and Wales, provides insight into what drives the public's attitudes and understanding of the system and suggests how the Council might reinforce and improve their confidence.
Among the key findings are:
- Sixty-seven per cent of the public and 68 per cent of victims of crime said that the existence of sentencing guidelines improved their confidence in the fairness of sentencing at least a little.
- Confidence in the effectiveness and fairness of the criminal justice system is mixed, and varies according to demographic factors and involvement. Young adults (18-34), those in the highest socio-demographic group (AB) and BAME adults are particularly likely to be confident in the system.
- Having contact with certain agencies in the system, particularly the criminal courts, emerged as a key driver of positive perceptions of confidence, as is experience of the system that has improved their understanding of sentencing.
- Conversely, living in certain regions of the country, most notably the North of England, was a key driver of negative perceptions of confidence and the perception that sentencing is too lenient.
- Around 70 per cent of the public think sentencing in general is too lenient and the public is particularly likely to regard sentences for serious crimes, like rape and death by dangerous driving, as too lenient. However, this perception tends to lessen noticeably when the public are presented with actual scenarios and sentences (based on real cases).
- A majority of those surveyed were confident they understood terms like 'life sentence' and 'statutory maximum sentence', although under half felt confident they understood the term, 'on licence'. However, qualitative discussions showed that actual understanding lagged behind perceived understanding.
The research was conducted for the Council by ComRes.


Admin API article
Previously, we released similar material on our main integration scripts KClient.php, KClient JS, and S2S postbacks. Today, it's time to analyze the Admin API in detail: why the Admin API is needed, what cases this interface solves, and how to correctly form API requests to the tracker.
Admin API interface
The Application Programming Interface (API) describes how one computer program can interact with another program.
Keitaro Admin API is an interface that allows you to control the admin panel of the Keitaro tracker through incoming requests. That is, without going into the tracker admin panel, you can, for example, create a campaign with the necessary settings, change stream content, or generate a conversion report, whether it be through a server script or an external application like Postman.
Actual Application of the Admin API
The Admin API is often used when it is necessary to automate routine scripts or work with large amounts of data.
Example A
The client wants to download relevant conversions from the tracker every six hours and send the list to their CRM.
When working through the web interface, conversions will have to be downloaded manually. Then will have to convert the received report from CSV or Excel to the required format for CRM and send it manually.
The Admin API allows you to form a server request to receive the desired report, which can then be automatically parsed, converted, and sent to CRM. All this can be placed in one script file, which the scheduler will run every 6 hours, as specified in the condition.
Example B
Every 24 hours, the client receives a list of 100 domains that needs to be added to the tracker.
In manual mode, the list will need to be converted to a string, where each value must be separated by a separator. After that, add the domains to the tracker.
Using the Admin API, the list of domains will automatically be generated and can, by a server request, be added to the tracker. This task can also be executed according to a schedule or depending on a trigger event.
How do I use the Admin API?
For simple and convenient work with the Admin API, it is desirable to have at least basic skills in working with any of the server-side languages: PHP, Node, Python, etc. But if you wish, this interface can also be mastered by a technically inexperienced person.
In simple terms, the tracker has an entry point (a specific address) to which you send a request (the principle is similar to when you type a website address into your browser).
Then, depending on the specified request parameters, you receive one or another response.
To carry out this request and have it validated, you need to:
 1. Use an authorization key (roughly speaking, your password, which will prevent third-party users from receiving information).
 2. Use the correct query type.
 3. Set the required parameters (needed for requests to create entities, such as creating a campaign).
You can get the authorization key from inside the tracker in Service — Users — Key for Admin API.
As for the query type, the following set is used when working with the Keitaro Admin API:
GET — to get information, for example, a list of tracker campaigns:
_URL_
POST — for building reports, as well as for creating something, for example, a new campaign in the tracker:
_URL_
Please note that the request address looks the same outwardly: in both cases, we refer to the "tracker entry point," which contains:
 - tracker address — keitarosupport1.xyz
 - the Admin API section — admin_api/v1/
 - and then a specific subsection of the tracker, campaigns — campaigns.
The type of request must be specified when sending. For example, when using CURL, the queries look like this:
curl -X GET "_URL_ -H "accept: application/json" -H "Api-Key: 029e67361fc20e99ad02a8"
To create a campaign the query is:
curl -X POST "_URL_ -H "accept: application/json" -H "Api-Key: 029e67361fc20e99ad02a8" -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d "{\" alias\ ":\" alias\ ",\" type\ ":\" position\ ",\" name\ ":\" name\ ", .........\" url\ ":\" string\ "}]}"
PUT — to update the available data in the tracker.
DELETE — to delete data in the tracker.
We have now shown the keys and described the types of queries. It remains to view the parameters, and then you can practice making requests. Where can I get the list of required query parameters?
Refer to our documentation: _URL_
Find the type of request you want to make. There will also be a list of required parameters. For example, the list of parameters necessary for creating a campaign in the tracker includes alias and name.
You can create a campaign by setting only these two parameters. The rest of the campaign settings will be selected by default.
You can also get a ready-made example of the body (body) of the request, in which you only need to replace the stub values with your own, and you can use this code in your request (shown in the screenshot on the right).
How do I get started with Admin API?
If you've read this far and are eager to try your hand at building queries and running the Admin API, then the easiest way to get started is to use our Swagger documentation. It is an interface that combines our Admin API documentation and the ability to send genuine requests to the tracker.
Open Service — Users — Keys for Admin API, copy your key, and click on the Documentation tab. You will be transferred to interactive mode, where you can practice with queries.
First of all, let's go through authorizations:
Select the desired section, for example, creating a campaign
and click Try it out. This will allow us to edit our query body, which will be sent when the Execute button is clicked. Inside this body, we set our required parameters name, alias, and any additional ones we want to specify when creating a campaign.
Click Execute and see our sent request, the request address, and the response from the tracker.
If the request returns an error, you will see a different response status, and the description of the error will be in the Response body field.
You can test any type of request until you get the hang of it and achieve the desired result with the Admin API.
More advanced users can try to work with the Admin API from a third-party application like Postman or write their own server-side script, which will send a request to the Admin API.
Watch our video guide on the formation of non-standard queries:
If you still have questions about working with the Admin API, you can always write to us in Support through the chat function on keitaro.io or through the Telegram bot. We will definitely help you figure it out.
Keitaro Team
Team to deliver fresh and quality content!
View all posts by Keitaro Team →


Русская версия English version
Evaluation of supply voltage non-sinusoidality effect on tooth buckling stress in asynchronous engines
E.A. Shumilov, S.K. Gnutov, A.V. Tamyarov, Y.B. Kazakov
Vestnik IGEU, 2017 issue 1, pp. 33—39
Download PDF
Abstract in English:

Background: Mechanical stresses in electric motor teeth and their deformation by electromagnetic forces should not exceed admissible values. The existing methods determine tooth mechanical stresses and deformations under sinusoidal supply voltage. But modern electrical units often use frequency control systems with non-sinusoidal voltage supply from frequency converters, with higher voltage time harmonics causing an additional range of electromagnetic forces in the electric motor. This makes it urgent to evaluate the impact of supply voltage non-sinusoidality on tooth buckling stresses in asynchronous engines.
Materials and methods: The study employed the developed simulation model of asynchronous variable-frequency electric drive in the Simulink environment of the Matlab package, the method of voltage curve decomposition into time harmonics, methods of current spectral analysis and finite element simulation of electromagnetic fields, forces and bending moments, method of determining the total mechanical stress.
Results: A technique has been developed for evaluation of supply voltage nonsinusoidality effect on asynchronous drive tooth buckling stress taking into account the nonsinusoidality form, including pulse-width modulation, stator and rotor core serration, electromagnetic engine condition, range of time and space harmonics of electromagnetic forces. Stator tooth buckling stresses of asynchronous engines have been evaluated for sinusoidal form of supply voltage and supply from voltage pulse-width modulation frequency converter.
Conclusions: Supply voltage non-sinusoidality causes a range of voltage time harmonics, an additional range of electromagnetic forces in the electric motor, which changes tooth buckling stresses and deformations. The developed technique allows evaluation of the effect of supply voltage non-sinusoidality on asynchronous engine tooth buckling stresses. Using pulse-width modulation frequency converters to supply asynchronous engines, in comparison with a sinusoidal voltage source, increases the bending moment and stator tooth buckling stress by up to 10 %. Increasing the carrier frequency of pulse-width modulation reduces additional asynchronous engine tooth deformation.
Key words: asynchronous engine, non-sinusoidal supply voltage, finite-element models, magnetic field, electromagnetic efforts, bending moments, tooth buckling stresses.
References in English:
 1. Ananyev, S.S., Golubev, A.N. Asinkhronnyy elektroprivod s uluchshennymi vibroshumovymi kharakteristikami [Asynchronous electric drive with improved vibronoise characteristics]. Elektrichestvo, 2008, no. 8, pp. 52–56.
 2. Popov, V.I., Tikhonov, S.I. Elektromagnitnye raschety kharakteristik i magnitnykh shumov trekhfaznykh 2r = 6, 8, 10-polyusnykh asinkhronnykh dvigateley serii RA na vysote osi vrashcheniya N = 132 mm [Electromagnetic calculations of characteristics and magnetic noises of three-phase 2r = 6, 8, 10-polar asynchronous engines of RA series at the spin axis height of H=132 mm]. Nizhny Novgorod, VGIPU, 2006. 28 p.
 3. German-Galkin, S.G. Shkola MATLAB. Urok 7 [MATLAB School. Lesson 7]. Silovaya elektronika, 2008, no. 1, pp. 92–99.
 4. Kazakov, Yu.B. Modelirovanie energoeffektivnosti raboty asinkhronnykh dvigateley ot preobrazovatelya s shirotno-impul'snym modulirovannym napryazheniem [Simulation of energy efficiency of operation of asynchronous engines supplied by a pulse-width modulated voltage converter]. Trudy VII Mezhdunarodnogo simpoziuma «ELMASh-2009»: «Energetika i elektrotekhnika. Problemy i perspektivy» [Collected works of the VII-th international symposium «ELMASH-2009»: «Power engineering and electrical engineering. Problems and prospects»]. Moscow, MA «Interelektromash», sentyabr' 2009, vol. 1, pp. 131–136.
 5. Kazakov, Yu.B., Shumilov, E.A., Chuyanov, D.O. Voronin, S.M. Komp'yuternoe modelirovanie vneshnikh elektromagnitnykh poley asinkhronnogo chastotno-reguliruemogo elektrodvigatelya [Computer simulation of external electromagnetic fields of the asynchronous variable-frequency electric engine]. Sbornik trudov Mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-tekhnicheskoy konferentsii «Problemy elektrotekhniki, elektroenergetiki i elektrotekhnologii» [Collected works of the International scientific and technical conference «Problems of electrical engineering, power engineering and electric technology»]. Tol'yatti, Izdatel'stvo TGU, 2012, рart 1, рр. 161–166.
 6. Shubov, I.G. Shum i vibratsii elektricheskikh mashin [Noise and vibrations of electrical machines]. Leningrad, Energoatomizdat, 1986.
 7. Romanov, M.Ya. Sbornik zadach po detalyam mashin [Collection of machine component problems]. Moscow, Mashinostroenie, 1984. 238 p.
 8. Geller, B., Gamata, V. Vysshie garmoniki v asinkhronnykh mashinakh [Higher harmonics in asynchronous engines]. Moscow, Energiya, 1981. 352 p.
 9. Zyryanov, V.M., Mitrofanov, N.A., Sokolovsky, Yu.B. Analiz garmonicheskogo sostava napryazheniya chastotnogo elektroprivoda [Analysis of harmonic composition of variable-frequency electric drive]. Nauchnye problemy transporta Sibiri i Dal'nego Vostoka, 2015, no. 1, pp. 154–159.
 10. Elcut – rukovodstvo pol'zovatelya. OOO «Tor» [Elcut – a user guide. LLC Tor]. Saint-Petersburg, 2015.
Ключевые слова на русском языке:
асинхронный двигатель, несинусоидальное питающее напряжение, конечно-элементные модели, магнитное поле, электромагнитные усилия, изгибающие моменты, напряжения смятия зубцов
Ключевые слова на английском языке:
asynchronous engine, non-sinusoidal supply voltage, finite-element models, magnetic field, electromagnetic efforts, bending moments, tooth buckling stresses
The DOI index:
10.17588/2072-2672.2017.1.033-039
Downloads count:
22


text:
Conjuration magic is the art of summoning creatures from other planes, creating magical weapons and armor, and repelling undead creatures. Summoning creatures is particularly useful, providing the spellcaster with an ally in combat. A wide range of different creatures can be summoned, depending upon the spellcaster's ability.
- A Novice can only cast Novice level Conjuration spells.
- An Apprentice can cast Apprentice and Novice level Conjuration spells.
- A Journeyman can cast Journeyman, Apprentice and Novice level Conjuration spells.
- An Expert can cast Expert, Journeyman, Apprentice, and Novice level Conjuration spells.
- A Master can cast all Conjuration spells.
As your Conjuration skill increases, the Magicka cost to cast conjuration spells decreases, according to the following equation:
Cost = BaseCost * (1.4 - 0.012 * Skill)
The maximum value for Skill in this equation is 100; increases past 100 will not continue to decrease spell-casting cost.
You gain 6 experience points every time any conjuration spell is cast upon an appropriate target, regardless of the magicka cost. Of all the spellcasting skills, this is the highest rate of experience gain, and therefore increasing conjuration requires the fewest spell casts.
General tips for increasing spell-casting skills are provided at General Magic Strategies.
The best non-custom conjuration spell for practice is Bound Dagger. It is one of the cheaper conjuration spells, and it is the easiest spell to chain cast. In general, bound weapon spells can more easily be chain-cast than bound armor spells: all you have to do is sheath the weapon, and the effect terminates, allowing it to immediately be cast again.
To create a custom practice spell, the best effect is probably Summon Skeleton. It is the cheapest summon effect, so a one second duration spell has a base cost of 1 Magicka. On the other hand, most bound armor effects are almost as cheap, so some characters may prefer to create a short-duration bound armor training spell. The cheapest conjuration effect is Turn Undead, but it requires an undead target to gain experience (which can be overcome by summoning an undead creature as a target, especially if you are in an enclosed area so your target won't run too far away).
- Increasing Skills: General tips on how to improve your skills semi-naturally.
- Trainers: Pay for conjuration lessons.
- Conjuration Training: A Master Conjurer wants proof of your ability before he will train you.
- Skill Books: Books that provide lessons in conjuration.
- Increasing Attributes: Tips on training skills to improve the Intelligence attribute.
- Magic Items: There are multiple generic items with the fortify conjuration enchantment.
- There are no Unique Items that fortify the conjuration skill. These do not include Leveled Items such as those received from quests, or Artifacts.
There are no Free Skill Boosts available for Conjuration.
When your skill reaches 70 or higher, NPCs will start saying: "You smell of death. Been conjuring up dead things?"
The following races provide initial skill bonuses in conjuration:
The following standard classes include conjuration as a major skill:
A list of all standard conjuration spells can be found on the Spells page. The effects available through conjuration fall into three general groups: Summon effects; Bound effects (Bound Armor and Bound Weapons); and Turn Undead. None of these effects are available as custom potions. Following are all of the individual effects (see the individual effect pages for full details on availability; the Magical Effects article also provides a summary):
The following table provides the messages that are displayed when your Conjuration skill levels up.
|Apprentice||Through steady practice you have discovered more creatures to summon from the planes of Oblivion. You are now an Apprentice in Conjuration magic and can cast Apprentice level Conjuration spells.|
|Journeyman||Through steady practice you have discovered more creatures to summon from the planes of Oblivion. You are now a Journeyman in Conjuration magic and can cast Journeyman level Conjuration spells.|
|Expert||Through steady practice you have discovered more creatures to summon from the planes of Oblivion. You are now an Expert in Conjuration magic and can cast Expert level Conjuration spells.|
|Master||Through steady practice you have discovered more creatures to summon from the planes of Oblivion. You are now a Master of Conjuration magic and can cast Master level Conjuration spells.|
- Summoned monsters can have their souls trapped.
- Conjured creatures are unaffected by the difficulty settings, leaving them just as destructive and durable. This makes conjuration excellent for a high difficulty game, while lessening its power somewhat on an easy game.
- Conjuration spells are still affected by the armor you are wearing, but in a different way to most spells. Since they have no magnitude (apart from Turn Undead), your Spell Effectiveness is applied to their duration instead.
- The Chorrol Mages Guild specializes in conjuration; Alberic Litte and Athragar sell the most conjuration spells.
- Once your Magnus heaven doomstone to receive the greater power Skein of Magnus. One of several benefits of this power is that it fortifies your conjuration skill 15 points once a day for 120 seconds. reaches 50, you can visit the
- Conjuration can be a great way to train other skills as well, by summoning creatures and treating them as enemies.
- A conjurer can attack conjured creatures two times without getting attacked back. The third blow provokes retaliation.
- If you provoke a summoned Dremora or Dremora Lord while in jail the guard will open the jail cell to end the fight, giving you a chance to cause a jailbreak.


52
I want to make sure I'm using them for the correct occasion and want to know of any subtleties. They seem to function the same way, which is to check to see if a object field has been defined, when I use them via the console and there isn't a whole lot information online when I did a google search. Thanks!
79
To clarify: neither present? nor exists? are "pure" ruby—they're both from Rails-land.
present?
present? is an ActiveSupport extension to Object. It's usually used as a test for an object's general "falsiness". From the documentation:
An object is present if it's not blank?. An object is blank if it's false, empty, or a whitespace string.
So, for example:
[ "", " ", false, nil, [], {} ].any?(&:present?)
# => false
exists?
exists? is from ActiveResource. From its documentation:
Asserts the existence of a resource, returning true if the resource is found.
Note.create(:title => 'Hello, world.', :body => 'Nothing more for now...')
Note.exists?(1) # => true
| improve this answer | |
25
The big difference between the two methods, is that when you call present? it initializes ActiveRecord for each record found(!), while exists? does not
to show this I added after_initialize on User. it prints: 'You have initialized an object!'
User.where(name: 'mike').present?
User Load (8.1ms) SELECT "users".* FROM "users" WHERE "users"."name" = $1 ORDER BY users.id ASC [["name", 'mike']]
You have initialized an object!
You have initialized an object!
User.exists?(name: 'mike')
User Exists (2.4ms) SELECT 1 AS one FROM "users" WHERE "users"."name" = $1 ORDER BY users.id ASC LIMIT 1 [["name", 'mike']]
| improve this answer | |
15
There is a huge difference in performance, and .present? can be up to 10x slower then .exists? depending on the relation you are checking.
This article benchmarks .present? vs .any? vs .exists? and explains why they go from slower to faster, in this order.
In a nutshell, .present? (900ms in the example) will load all records returned, .any? (100ms in the example) will use a SQLCount to see if it's > 0 and .exists? (1ms in the example) is the smart kid that uses SQL LIMIT 1 to just check if there's at least one record, without loading them all neither counting them all.
| improve this answer | |
 - Worth noting that in rails 5.1 and up the perf difference between any? and exists? has been fixed and will be somewhat similar as explained in that article. – dft Mar 4 '19 at 20:00
 - @dft do you have a link to this getting fixed in Rails 5.1? – tirdadc Oct 17 '19 at 15:28
8
SELECT COUNT(*) would scan the records to get a count.
SELECT 1 would stop after the first match, so their exec time would be very different.
| improve this answer | |
2
The SQL generated by the two are also different.
present?:
Thing.where(name: "Bob").present?
# => SELECT COUNT(*) FROM things WHERE things.name = "Bob";
exists?:
Thing.exists?(name: "Bob")
# => SELECT 1 AS one from things WHERE name ="Bob" limit 1;
They both seem to run the same speed, but may vary given your situation.
| improve this answer | |
-3
You can avoid database query by using present?:
all_endorsements_11 = ArtworkEndorsement.where(user_id: 11)
ArtworkEndorsement Load (0.3ms) SELECT "artwork_endorsements".* FROM "artwork_endorsements" WHERE "artwork_endorsements"."user_id" = $1 [["user_id", 11]]
all_endorsements_11.present?
=> true
all_endorsements_11.exists?
ArtworkEndorsement Exists (0.4ms) SELECT 1 AS one FROM "artwork_endorsements" WHERE "artwork_endorsements"."user_id" = $1 LIMIT 1 [["user_id", 11]]
=> true
| improve this answer | |
Your Answer
By clicking "Post Your Answer", you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy
Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged or ask your own question.