text:
A Mixed Integer Programming Approach to Synthetic Flight Trainer Acquisition.
AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OHIO SCHOOL OF SYSTEMS AND LOGISTICS
Pagination or Media Count:
The ever increasing use of synthetic flight trainers SFTs in U.S. Air Force flight training programs makes necessary efficient and cost-effective SFT acquisition. This thesis presents a mathematical model which employs a mixed integer linear programming approach to analyze the comparative costs and task-training capabilities of proposed SFTs. In addition to detailing the model, the thesis presents an example formulation in which the model was used to evaluate the SFTs proposed for the flight training program for initial qualification in the A-10 aircraft. From the results of the example formulation, the authors concluded that mixed integer linear programming models are useful for selecting the most economical SFT or combination of SFTs to complement an aircraft in a flight training program, that the evaluation of SFTs should include several proposed SFTs with various task-training capabilities rather than a limited number of SFTs with similar task-training capability, that part-task SFTs may be a cost saving means of providing flight simulation, and that SFTs are an economical means of lowering flight training program costs.
- Humanities and History
- Numerical Mathematics


text:
AI Takes the Mic: Wimbledon Introduces AI Commentary
The prestigious Wimbledon tennis tournament kicked off on Monday, but this year, there's a new champion stealing the spotlight: artificial intelligence.
AI is revolutionizing the broadcast coverage with its debut as a commentator.
The All England Lawn Tennis Club has unveiled an AI-powered commentary feature for Wimbledon, available on the tournament's app and website. In order to produce real-time commentary, IBM's AI platform called Watson analyses player positioning, shot types, and ball tracking data, takes center stage.
The All England Club and IBM iX experts collaborated to train the AI model with the language of tennis, producing an interesting and educational narration with a wide range of vocabulary and sentence patterns.
Viewers will be able to toggle the AI commentary on or off in the post-match highlights on Wimbledon.com and the Wimbledon app.
For those who prefer the natural sounds of the game, such as the racket hitting the ball and the cheers from the crowd, the option to turn off the AI commentary is available.
This isn't the first time AI has taken on a role in sports commentary. In April, The US Masters golf event incorporated AI commentary giving it a novel touch.
Additionally, Wimbledon has introduced a new AI draw analysis feature. Each player's route to the singles draw final is determined by a statistic that is calculated by this AI-powered tool.
By considering factors like potential opponents and player positions, fans gain valuable insights beyond traditional player rankings.
With AI at its side, Wimbledon is embracing innovation and providing tennis enthusiasts with an enhanced viewing experience filled with both technological advancements and exciting surprises in the tournament's draws.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
Influence of motion parallax in the control of spontaneous body sway
- 164 Downloads
Visual control of postural sway during quiet standing was investigated in normal subjects to see if motion parallax cues were able to improve postural stability. In experiment 1, six normal subjects fixated a fluorescent foreground target, either alone or in the presence of full room illumination. The results showed that subjects reduced body sway when the background was visible. This effect, however, could be mediated not only by parallax cues but also by an increase in the total area of visual field involved. In experiment 2, other parameters such as image angular size and target distance were controlled for. Twelve subjects fixated a two light-emitting diode (LED) target placed at 45 cm from their eyes in a dark room. A second similar two-LED target was placed either at 170 cm (maximum parallax) or at 85 cm (medium parallax) from the fixated target, or in the same plane of the fixated target (0 cm, no parallax). It was found that the amplitude of sway was reduced significantly, by approximately 20%, when the two targets were presented in depth (parallax present) as compared to when they were in the same plane (no parallax). The effect was only present in the lateral direction and for low frequency components of sway (up to 0.5 Hz). We confirmed in experiment 3 on eight subjects with a design similar to that used in experiment 2 that the effect of motion parallax on body sway was of monocular origin since observed with monocular and binocular vision. Geometrical considerations based on these results support the existence of two modes of visual detection of body sway, afferent (retinal slippage) and efferent (extraretinal or eye-movement based).
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The darker the night, the brighter the stars?
S = % of life spent in suffering
(1-S) = % of life spent in pleasure
f(S) = some function of S
 - f(S) is linear.**
f(S) = aS + 1
a – Sa – aS – 1 – 1 = 0
a – 2aS = 2
-2aS = 2 – a
2aS = a -2
S = (a – 2) / 2a
* You'll also notice I'm making two unrealistic assumptions here:
18 Responses to The darker the night, the brighter the stars?
 1. I was thinking there should be a constant added which represents the amount of time you are neither happy or suffering …
 I really loved your process here. Brought a smile to my face
 2. alex says:
 Here is something of a shorcut to see that the ideal S is at most 1/2. You are optimizing a function which is a quadratic with a negative leading coefficient, so its largest value occurs at the midpoint of the roots. Now one root is in [0,1] (because your function is positive at S=0 and negative at S=1) and the other root is negative (if it were positive, your function would be negative at S=0). So their midpoint lies on the left of 1/2.
 3. alex says:
 I should also mention that the conclusion that at least half of life should be spent
 without suffering holds if f(s) is an arbitrary concave function, as you indeed suggest. It is actually not very hard to show the following:
 Theorem: If
 U(s) = (1-s) f(s) – s,
 where f(s) is a continuous, concave, and increasing function on [0,1] which satisfies f(0)=1, then the maximum of U(s) over the interval [0,1] is achieved by some s<1/2.
 If that statement sounds interesting to you, I would be happy to sketch out the proof.
 4. Max says:
 Neat. Reminds me of a model I came up with for distributing limited resources, like a loaf of bread among a thousand people. The optimal solution is not to give everyone a crumb which they'll barely notice, but to give out decent slices until it runs out.
 5. Max says:
 Why is it more realistic for f(S) to be concave rather than convex? Increasing suffering from 1% to 2% doesn't have as much impact on pleasure as increasing suffering from 98% to 99%.
 So let's set f(S) equal to the ratio of suffering to pleasure: f(S) = S/(1-S)
 Then, Total Happiness = [(1-S) * f(S)] – S = 0, so it's not affected by the amount of suffering.
 - Max says:
 To make f(0)=1, we can set f(S) = (S+1)/(1-S), in which case Total Happiness = 1, so it's still not affected by suffering.
 Or we could set f(S) = 1/(1-S), in which case Total Happiness = 1-S, so zero suffering is best.
 This shows how subjective choices affect the outcome, which is why such models have to be validated.
 6. Vesuvium says:
 For an empirical perspective, a recent article in J.Pers.Soc.Psych by Seery, Holman, and Silver finds: "In a multiyear longitudinal study of a national sample, people with a history of some lifetime adversity reported better mental health and well-being outcomes than not only people with a high history of adversity but also than people with no history of adversity.",%20Holman,%20&%20Silver%202010%20JPSP.pdf
 7. In other words you took a simple truism {concept} and made it complicated. So much for today's so called educated mind.
 - It seems that you're saying that overcomplication is a poor use of a good mind, and I would certainly agree. However, I think Julia's post was meant to convey the point that truisms, while simple, are neither very accurate nor very useful, and then she tried to use a rational, mathematical approach to gain an understanding of how it is we really assess the value and happiness in our lives. Does that seem like a better use of time and intelligence?
 - Max says:
 Ignorance is bliss.
 8. Ric says:
 Aw, geez… Did I pet the cat yesterday? Did I enjoy that cookie? Did I get laid recently? Did I enjoy that sunset last night? Did I exercise? Was I nice to people? Did I annoy a miserable crazymaker grump? Now we're talking happy utility and hell with the math. 🙂
 9. Cocorastuti Von Semberg says:
 You are a graceful web monster of futile unnecessary complications….! Congratulations from Argentinien.
 Cocorastuti Von Semberg
 10. noah says:
 Your function is affine, not linear.
 Also, for any concave function the optimal S is bounded by 1/2 (oops already pointed out by alex!). In fact for any lipschitz function you can bound it in the same way you already do using the lipschitz constant (for any differentiable nondecreasing concave function this will just be the derivative at 0 in your case).
 Finally, I think what you want is F(2*S) = F(S) + 2 — at least that's usually why one does a log transform to gdp or utility — giving us F(S) = log(S)
 11. Kaleberg says:
 I thought the stars were always the same brightness, but the moon, city lights, clouds and what not made the sky brighter and darker. That's so disappointing.
 12. Phil Goetz says:
 Brilliant. I mean, once you ask the question, "How can I mathematically analyze the contribution suffering makes to my happiness?", the rest follows. But asking the question is brilliant.
 I would like to see an analysis done assuming that f is concave, and that Pleasure + Pain + Indifference = 1 (requires another equation to solve). Also, an analysis of happiness and sadness, with the assumption that happiness = d(Pleasure-Pain)/dt = -sadness.
 Nitpick: S is a fraction, not a percentage.
 13. Pingback: What's Good Writing? | êtes mischz-vous?
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text:
Family History Library Catalog Place-name SearchEdit This Page
From FamilySearch Wiki
Introduction to the Family History Library Catalog > Place-name Search
Do a Place-name Search when you want to find records in the collection of the Family History Library by the name of a place (locality) where an ancestor lived. Microfilms located through this search can then be ordered through your local Family History Center.
Steps to Search by Place-name
The following steps will help you find records for a specific locality in the Family History Library Catalog.
- 'Go to theHistory Library Catalog'.
- ("Place-name" is the default search option. If it does not appear, select it from the drop-down menu.)
- Type the locality. The catalog orgainzes places from the largest jurisdiction in a place-name to the smallest. Generally, the pattern is country, state or provice, county (where applicable), city or town. Places in the United States and Canada do not have a country level. The locality can be entered in reverse order to obtain the same results.
- Click Search (even if the locality was selected from the drop-down menu).
- Click a topic, such as Church records. (See also Locality Subject Subdivisions.)
- Click a title to see more details.
Strategies for Using a Place-name Search
The names of countries are in English. The names of states, provinces, regions, cities, and other jurisdictions are in the language of the country.
Consider that records are kept at different jurisdictional levels. Search for the town or city if you are looking for records specific to that jurisdiction (cemetery, church, directories, town histories, etc.). Search for the county for records that would cover more than one town or that might be kept by the county government (vital records, court records, land and property records, county histories, etc.). Many important records might be located at the state or provincial level (census, military, state histories, etc.), or even at the country level (census, federal land, citizenship, etc.).
To search for a county, do not type the word "County" as a part of the search term. For example, to find Fairfax county, Virginia, type Fairfax Virginia or Virginia Fairfax in the search field.
If you do not know how to spell the place-name, truncate (shorten) the name or use a wild card character to replace letters you are not sure of.
If a place-name has more than one word, you do not need to type all of the words. Nor do you have to type them in exact order. The computer automatically finds all places with the word or words that you type, no matter where in the place-name they appear. For example, if you type Barton, the computer would find Barton Mills, Barton-on-Irwell, Great Barton, and so forth.
What If I Do Not Find the Place I Want?
You may not find the place you want for various reasons. Before you conclude that the catalog does not have records for that place, try the following strategies:
- Be sure you typed the place-name correctly.
- Search for records using a different jurisdictional level. For example, if you cannot find records for a town, search for county records.
How Do I Find Related Places?
Sometimes a catalog entry is linked to more than one place. For example, an entry may be linked to several neighboring towns. To find out if a catalog entry is linked to another place, display the title details for the record of interest. If another place is listed, click on it to see information about that place.
The following suggestions work with the previous FamilySearch.org catalogPlace Search.
From the topics page, click the View Related Places button. This displays:
- The "Part of" field, which lists the jurisdiction that this place is part of. For example, this could be a county for a city, or a state or province for a county.
- The "Contains" field, which lists places contained by the place you searched for. For example, if you search for a county, the "Contains" field lists cities in that county.
Introduction to the Family History Library Catalog < Previous | Next > Surname Search
- This page was last modified on 29 December 2011, at 22:31.
- This page has been accessed 18,391 times.
New to the Research Wiki?
In the FamilySearch Research Wiki, you can learn how to do genealogical research or share your knowledge with others.Learn More

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Volatile Excel Functions
|Smart Recalculation||Evaluation Circumstances||Calculation Process||Dependency Trees|
|Controlling Calculation||"CALCULATE" in Status Bar||Calculation Methods||Calculating from VBA|
|Volatile Functions & Actions||User-Defined Functions||Repetitive Calculation||Version Timing Comparison|
A Volatile Function in a formula in a cell makes that cell be
always recalculated at each recalculation even if it does not
appear to have any changed precedents.
FastExcel measures Workbook Volatility by comparing the time for a Recalculation to the time for a full calculation, and allows you to measure worksheet volatility by comparing the sheet recalculate time with the sheet full calculate time.
Excel's Volatile Functions.
Some of Excel's functions are obviously volatile: RAND(), NOW(), TODAY()
Others are less obviously volatile: OFFSET(), CELL(), INDIRECT(), INFO()
Some are volatile in some versions of Excel but not in others: INDEX()became non-volatile in Excel 97.
A number of functions that are documented by Microsoft as volatile do not actually seem to be volatile when tested:
INDEX(), ROWS(), COLUMNS(), AREAS()
and CELL("Filename") IS volatile although a MSKBN article says its not.
One particular syntax of SUMIF is volatile in Excel 2002 and subsequent versions. This occurs when the size of the first range argument is not the same as the second (sum_range) argument.
For example =SUMIF(A1:A4,">0",B1) is volatile whereas =SUMIF(A1:A4,">0",B1:B4) is not volatile. Both of these formulae will reference cells B1:B4.
Presumably this volatile behaviour was added to give correct results when B2:B4 were changed. Thanks to Luke Wisbey for letting me know about this behaviour.
Using a volatile function in a formula will flag the cell containing the formula as volatile, even if the volatile function never gets executed:
=IF(1<2,99,NOW()) will always return
99 and the volatile NOW() function will never be called, but the cell
containing the IF formula will be treated as volatile, (thanks to
Stephen Bullen for pointing this out).
You can download volatileFuncs.zip for a test workbook that you can use to test if a function or formula is volatile.
Dependents of Volatile functions.
Direct dependents of volatile functions are always
Indirect dependents of volatile functions are not
IF(), CHOOSE(), AND(), OR()
The IF and CHOOSE functions only execute ONE of the available choices. This is called short-circuiting:
If you create UDFs One, Two and Three each of which contain a debug.print or MsgBox statement so that you can see what is being executed then:
The AND and OR functions always execute ALL the available choices:
If the One(), Two() and Three() UDFs return 1,2 and 3 respectively then:
Volatile only at Workbook Open
References to UDFs where the UDF itself is located in an XLA or external workbook are flagged as dirty when the workbook containing the reference is opened: if calculation is Automatic they will be recalculated at workbook open, if calculation is Manual they will be recalculated at the next recalculation.
Using INDEX as the second part of a range reference, for example A$2:INDEX(A$2:A$8,7,), will also cause the reference to be flagged as dirty when the workbook is opened. (Thanks to Bill Wood for spotting this).
Because a cell has been flagged as dirty the workbook will also be flagged as Unsaved so you may get an unexpected prompt to Save the workbook when closing it.
Conditional Formats are volatile.
Because conditional formats need to be evaluated at each calculation any formulae used in a conditional format is effectively volatile. Actually conditional formats seem to be super-volatile: they are evaluated each time the cell that contains them is repainted on the screen, even in Manual calculation mode, although VBA functions used in conditional formats will not trigger breakpoints when executed by the repaint.
Volatile Actions: Actions that trigger calculation
Selecting any filtering criteria when using Autofilter will flag ALL the formulae in the autofilter range as uncalculated, even if none of their precedents have changed and even if you select exactly the same filter criteria as before. This can cause Autofilter calculation to be extremely slow.
Clicking Row or Column Divider
If calculation is set to Automatic clicking or doubleclicking a row or column divider will trigger a recalculation. But manually changing the height or width of a column or row will NOT trigger a recalculation.
In Manual mode these actions do not flag the workbook as requiring calculation.
Inserting or Deleteing Rows, Columns or Cells, or Moving Cells
Insert or Delete Rows or Columns or Cells, or moving Cells (using
Drag/Drop or Cut/Paste) anywhere on a Sheet, even to the right or
below the Used Range.
Then these cells become flagged as uncalculated.
Adding, Changing or Deleting Defined Names
Any action taken to add, delete, change or alter a defined name or its refersto property will trigger a recalculation.
Renaming Worksheets and Changing Worksheet Position
Changing the name of a worksheet or moving it will trigger a recalculation
in Automatic mode.
Deleteing Worksheets, but not Adding Worksheets
In Automatic mode deleting a worksheet will trigger a recalculation, but adding a worksheet will not.
Hiding or Unhiding Rows in Excel 2003
In Excel 2003 hiding or unhiding rows will flag the selected rows as uncalculated, even if no rows were actually hidden or unhidden. If calculation is automatic this will trigger a recalculation. This behaviour is a change from previous versions. Hiding or unhiding columns does NOT flag the column as uncalculated.
Probably the reason for the change is that the SUBTOTAL function in Excel 2003 has an option to include or ignore hidden rows, so Excel needs to be able to trigger a dependency recalculation by dirtying the cells when a row is hidden or unhidden.
Opening a.CSV file
Whenever you open a.CSV file, either through VBA or File-->Open, a recalculation of all open workbooks will be triggered, even if calculation is in Manual. Switching off.EnableEvents does not stop this recalculation. The only way I have found to prevent this recalculation from happening is to use VBA to switch Worksheet.EnableCalculation to False for each worksheet that you do NOT want to be calculated.
Each iteration of Goal Seek triggers a recalculation.
See evaluation circumstances for the circumstances that will cause a formula to be evaluated.


Tutoring Club Franchise
Tutoring Club Franchise Information
Tutoring Club is a franchise for a business providing individualized tutoring services for students in Kindergarten up to Grade 12. It was founded in 1991 and started franchising in 1999.
They focus on helping students catch up in school. Their process includes individualized attention from a professional tutor. They start with the level where the student is comfortable with and they rapidly advance it to the level where they should be.
Their curriculum is applied with a learning environment that is positive which helps the student learn more within an hour of session. They also provide a positive incentive plan to motivate your child not to stop trying. Another benefit is that they hold regular conferences to keep you updated with your child's progress. They now have 126 locations in the United States, nine in other countries, and one location that is company owned.
What are the programs offered at the Tutoring Club?
For Amazing Math, they conduct tutorials on addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, decimals, fractions, ratios, proportions, percent, numeration, integers, word problems, geometric figures, measurement, equations, and introduction to Algebra.
The length of the course depends on the need of your child and they conduct a math test at the end of the course. For RX Reading, they have a program specialized for Kindergarten that focuses on consonant letters and sounds, simple sight words, short vowels, long vowels, basic sight words, basic blends, comprehension and vocabulary, and the five primer levels.
For Grade one to 12, they focus on teaching the student on how to decode, comprehension, vocabulary, recall, and reading rate. For every complete level, the course last for about 32 hours in total. They conduct a reading test at the end of the course.
The Write Way focuses on developing sequencing, main idea, comparisons, facts and opinions, cause and effect, writing mechanics, capitalization, punctuation, and the use of dictionary and thesaurus. They also have programs on Study Skills and College Preparation. Another set of programs are under TutorUp which includes geometry, algebra, statistics, calculus, math analysis, science, and foreign languages.
Cost and requirements on running a Tutoring Club franchise
You need to have a net worth of $50,000 and a total liquid asset of at least $30,000. Expect to be investing about $83,000 to $127,000. The cost of the Tutoring Club franchise fee is $34,500 with an on-going royalty fee of 10%. This is for a renewable 20 year term agreement. You will need about two employees to run one location. They allow multi-unit ownership and absentee ownership.
What is included in the franchise package?
There will be two weeks training at the headquarters and one day at your location. You will be receiving newsletters and a toll free phone number. You will be given access to the internet and to purchasing cooperatives. You will also receive assistance at the grand opening. Expect to be attending meetings and receiving occasional field evaluations to check on your progress. For marketing support, there will be ad slicks, co-op advertising, regional advertising, and national media.
Tutoring Club Contact Details
You may reach them at:
Address: 11241 S. Eastern Ave. Henderson, NV 89052
Phone: _PHONE_


text:
A chemical, thermal, mechanical and ballistic investigation of paraffin-based solid fuels filled with Lithium Aluminum Hydride (LiAlH4, LAH) for hybrid propulsion is presented in this paper. Two different formulations containing 5% and 10% of a styrene-based thermoplastic elastomer (Polystyrene-block-poly(ethylene-ranbutylene)-block-polystyrene grafted with maleic anhydride, hereafter named SEBSMA) were investigated for the strengthening of paraffin waxes. Two LAH mass fractions were considered for each paraffin-based blend (5% and 10%), for a total of four fuel formulations. The paraffin-based blends filled with LiAlH4 were found to be stable when exposed to air. Rheological properties were investigated using a parallel plate giving evidence of the link between the elastic modulus (G') evolution and the thermal behavior of LAH. Thermal properties were studied using a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) leading to obtain data about the transitions typical of paraffin waxes (solid/solid and solid/liquid) and also about the thermal decomposition of the added energetic filler. A manufacturing technique for the production of homogeneous blends strengthened with SEBS-MA and filled with LAH is described. Firing tests were performed in a lab-scale hybrid motor using gaseous oxygen; the local and instantaneous regression rate was measured using a fiber optic technique. The behavior of paraffin waxes blended with the selected SEBS-MA thermoplastic elastomer and filled with LAH, is discussed.
|Titolo:||Paraffin-Based Solid Fuels for Hybrid Propulsion Filled with Lithium Aluminum Hydride: Thermal, Mechanical and Ballistic Characterization|
|Data di pubblicazione:||2014|
|Appare nelle tipologie:||04.1 Contributo in Atti di convegno|
File in questo prodotto:
|BOIOM01-14.pdf||Paper||Publisher's version||Accesso riservato|


text:
Clear Acrylic Adhesive Transfer Tape
3M™ Adhesive Transfer Tape 965 is a 2.0 mil 100 high temperature acrylic adhesive with 3.2 mil 55 lb densified kraft paper liner. The 3MTM Adhesive Transfer Tapes with 3MTM High Temperature Acrylic Adhesive 100 are designed for temperature exposure to 450°F (232°C) for short periods of time and/or solvent resistance. They have exceptional shear values even at elevated temperatures. They also offer low "outgassing" properties, which is an important consideration for the aerospace, automotive and electronic industries.
- Excellent bond to metal and high surface energy plastics.
- Out standing temperature and chemical resistance.
- Two adhesive thicknesses : 1mil for thin profile labels and 2mil for rougher surfaces.
- Low out-gassing and low leachable chloride,important considerations for electronic and aerospace industries.
- Available on various liners for specialized processing:
- 60# Densified Kraft for die-cutting metal nameplates
- 55# Densified Kraft for rotary die-cutting specialty labels
- 58# Polycoated Kraft for polycarbonate graphics
- 86#Polycoated Kraft for polycarbonate end tabs and plastic nameplates on a common sheet
Width: 48 Inches
Length: 180 Yards
Call for Custom Converting and Slitting.


text:
The dangers of feeding lorikeets
Lorikeet feeding habits
Lorikeets are brightly coloured parrots of the family Psittacidae and sub-family Loriinae (lories and lorikeets). Six species are found in Australia, although further species occur in New Guinea, Indonesia and many South Pacific islands.
The tip of a lorikeet's tongue holds a brush-like appendage, enabling the bird to feed on pollen, nectar and fruits. Because lorikeets are mainly seen feeding on blossoms, it was long thought that nectar was their staple diet. However, studies have now shown that pollen is probably their major food. They also eat insects and insect larvae, together with other invertebrates found in foliage and blossom.
Lorikeets travel in small, swift flocks which attract attention with their piercing calls. The birds locate blossoms by sight and by the calls of other birds already feeding. When food is abundant, large numbers gather in the blossoms and foliage, clamouring noisily.
Lorikeets have a very simple digestive system. Proteins and fats are obtained from pollen and insects, and carbohydrates come from the sugars found in nectar. They spend a large amount of time foraging for food, which indicates that carbohydrates are extremely important to them. Their diet is high in energy, and low in protein.
The dangers of feeding lorikeets
Many people have taken to encouraging lorikeets into their gardens by giving them a variety of alluring foods. These foods are usually based on sugar, honey or jam, which will ensure regular visits to the garden by these wonderfully happy, colourful birds. However, it is this very act of 'kindness' that can cause the death of lorikeets at an unnaturally early age.
OEH officers became concerned at outbreaks of lorikeets dying in large numbers for no apparent reason, and decided to investigate. Autopsies were carried out by NSW Agriculture. With other investigations, these autopsies established that the lorikeets were dying from a disease called necrotizing enteritis. A bacteria called clostridia was isolated as the organism responsible.
Necrotizing enteritis is associated with poor hygiene and an inadequate diet, and it was found that the disease is not normally associated with lorikeets living a natural way of life. The scientists could directly relate the lorikeets' deaths to inadequate artificial diets, and to the unsanitary conditions of trays and other containers from which they were being fed.
Another disease is also having a serious impact on lorikeets. Called psittacine beak and feather disease (PBFD) or psittacine circovirus disease, it is considered the most important viral disease affecting cockatoos, parrots, lories, lorikeets and macaws around the world. Affecting the immune system of the birds, it often results in an AIDS-like condition. The keratin in the birds' bodies breaks down, causing deformed beaks and feathers, and feather loss. The disease is usually fatal, but infected birds may not display symptoms for many months or even years.
Infected birds can drop faeces, which contain the potentially infectious circovirus particles, into the environment to infect other birds. Unfortunately, there is a great potential for the virus to spread at places like feed stations. Clustering in large numbers, many birds may come into contact with contaminated perches and food dishes.
Preventing lorikeet deaths
Obviously the best solution to these problems is to stop feeding the birds altogether. The only feeding method recommended by OEH is to plant a variety of flowering native shrubs, such as grevilleas, callistemon (bottlebrushes) and banksias, around your garden. These plants not only look good; they also provide safe, healthy food for blossom-feeding birds such as lorikeets and honeyeaters.
Page last updated: 15 April 2011


Museum Home Arrow Explore Art Arrow Artists
Cornelis van Poelenburgh
b. about 1586 Utrecht, The Netherlands, d. 1667 Utrecht, The Netherlands
painter; draftsman
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Cornelis van Poelenburgh was a founder of Dutch Italianate landscape painting. He studied under the Utrecht Mannerist Abraham Bloemaert, but his years in Rome, from 1617 to 1625, were more decisive for his development. An early member of the schildersbent, the club for Rome's Netherlandish painters, he was nicknamed "Satyr." In Rome, a friend noted that Poelenburgh "exerted himself to the utmost to paint his figures in the manner of Raphael." Poelenburgh also copied German artist Adam Elsheimer's Italianate landscapes, which were usually painted on copper. In addition to his years in Rome, Poelenburgh spent time in Florence working for the grand duke of Tuscany. After returning from Italy, he became one of Utrecht's leading artists, honored as Peter Paul Rubens's guide during his 1627 visit to the city. At the king's invitation, Poelenburgh worked in England from 1638 to 1641. He probably remained in Utrecht from that point onward.
Poelenburgh painted some history paintings, but his fame rests on the enamel-smooth landscapes, often depicting romantic ruins and statuary fragments, that he created after 1620. He was among the first artists to render Italian sunlight and atmosphere convincingly. His highly detailed figures were so admired that he was hired to paint them in other artists' works. The careers of Poelenburgh's many followers stretched into the 1700s.
1-2 of 2
Arch of Septimius / Poelenburgh
Arch of Septimius
Dutch, 1623
Landscape, Nudes / Poelenburgh
Landscape, Nudes
Dutch, mid-1600s


text:
Simulation-Based Engineering Science Report Now AvailableMarch 3, 2006
The National Science Foundation commissioned a blue-ribbon panel of experts, chaired by J. Tinsley Oden, to produce a report on Simulation-Based Engineering Science. The final released report is now available at _URL_
Other members of the panel included Ted Belytschko, Jacob Fish, Thomas J.R. Hughes, Chris Johnson, David Keyes, Alan Laub, Linda Petzold, David Srolovitz, and Sidney Yip.
The report contains findings and recommendations to advance the discipline of Simulation-Based Engineering Science. The report discusses applications of computational simulation in several different areas, such as medicine, homeland security, the environment, materials, and industrial and defense applications.
Research opportunities are described in areas like multiscale modeling and simulation, verification and validation, uncertainty quantification, and data-driven simulations.
A major recommendation in the report calls for recognizing SBES as a distinct field of research, noting that "computer modeling and simulation are the key elements for achieving progress in engineering and science."
The panel made four major recommendations. The first was that NSF should change its organizational structure to support SBES activities. The second was a call for a major funding increase for SBES: a six-fold funding increase for SBES-related disciplines over the 2005 baseline. The third was a recommendation for a program in high-risk long-term research "to exploit the considerable promise of SBES."
The fourth and final recommendation was a broad call for sweeping changes in the educational system to recognize the multidisciplinary nature of modern engineering research and "to help students acquire the necessary modeling and simulation skills."

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
East of the Eastern Ocean lie
The shores of the Land of Fusang.
If, after landing there, you travel
East for 10,000 li
You will come to another ocean, blue,
Vast, huge, boundless.
This ancient poem, written by a 3rd century Chinese poet, describes a place that is often referred to in Chinese folklore as the "Birthplace of the Sun". It was a place well known in ancient China. It appears frequently in poetry and around the 2nd century BC, one Han emperor is said to have sent an expedition to colonize this land. Where was the legendary land of Fusang? Eighteenth century mapmakers placed it in North America, usually near what is today Washington or Vancouver. These cartographers, most notably De L'Isle and Zatta, mapped Fusang based on a popular essay written by the French orientalist historian Josepth de Guignes in his 1761 article "Le Fou-Sang des Chinois est-il l'Amérique? " De Guignes was a dubious historian at best, but with this he may have been on to something. Fusang is most fully described on by the 6th century itinerant monk Hui Shen.
Hui Shen is said to have been a mendicant Gondaran monk and to have appeared in the court of the Emperor Wu Ti at Jingzhou in Southern Qi in 499 AD. His adventures, which are described by Yao Sialian in the 7th century Book of Liang, describes his voyage in both known and unknown lands. Starting around 455 AD, he traveled to the coast of China, to Japan, Korea, to the Kamchatka Peninsula, then to Fusang. Fusang, he reports is some 20,000 Chinese Li (about 9,000 km) east of Kamchatka. This would place it somewhere around what is today British Columbia, roughly where Zatta and De L'Isle map the colony of Fusang.
While it is a subject of ferocious debate, numerous scholars and historians have embraced the idea that the Chinese not only visited the New World but maintained regular contact with it. We have long known that, given the advanced stated of shipbuilding and navigation in ancient China, the Chinese were capable of launching expeditions across the Pacific. The real question is, did they? The story of Hui Shen is one of the few actual documents that describe such an voyage. Hui Shen's tale, which offers anthropological and geographic commentary consistent with Pacific Coast of America, describes Fusang in considerable detail. Over the past 200 years numerous scholars, both eastern and western, have broken down the Hui Shen text. Some have declared it a fabrication, but most have embraced the idea that the Chinese did in fact not only visit America, but maintained a minor but active back and forth communication.
Though many scholars agree that the Fusang tale does have some element of truth, few agree on where it may have been. Some point to Peru (Hui Shen describes the leader of Fusang as the "Inki"), others to Mexico (Fusang = Maguey), and still others to British Columbia (most likely arrival point sailing east from Kamchatka with the easterly North Pacific Current). The name Fusang itself is derived from Chinese mythology where it is a land or tree in the east from which the Sun is born. This kind of plant, or something similar, is described as common in the Land of Fusang. Fusang is billed as a kind of all purpose plant which can be eaten, made into clothing and made into paper, etc. There is considerable debate as to what Fusang may have been, with some identifying it with the Maguay of Mexico, others with various types of Cactus, and still others ancient varieties of corn (which were common along the Pacific Coast of North America).
There is some, but not significant, historical evidence to support the idea that the Chinese were active in Ancient America. Ancient Chinese coins, ship anchors (James R. Moriarty of the University of San Diego), and other relics have been discovered along the American coast – some dating back as much as 2,000 years! Also, Hui Shen's descriptions do correspond somewhat with what we know of the New World around 450 AD. It is far too much for this short blog post to breakdown the details of Hui Shen's narrative, especially when it has been done so well and so well by others, however, our list of references below can offer significant further reading.
San Francisco Chronicle, November 25, 1979.
Guignes, Jospeh, de, "Le Fou-Sang des Chinois est-il l'Amérique?", Mémoires de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres, tome 28, Paris, 1761
Mertz, Henriette, Columbus Was Last, Hyperion 1992.
Wei Chu-Hsien, China and America -Volume One, Shuo Wen Shu Dian Bookstore, 1982.


text:
The Masters Programme in Product Design (LM-27577) is a studio-based programme for students who wish to hone their ability to innovate.
Candidates should be interested in the integration of design, technology, culture and business. The programme encourages creative thinking and critical reflection as fundamental design tools for the development of new objects and ideas to improve people's lives.
In particular, the Masters of Science in Product Design encourages and trains students to:
Students are encouraged to develop their ideas and concepts through a variety of different workshops, such as:
During the final semester, students are involved in an internship in the research and development departments of national and international companies, foreign universities and research centres.
For further information:


text:
The General Assembly of 1933 created the State School Commission to be the fiscal agency for the state's public school fund, succeeding the State Board of Equalization. Membership on the commission was composed of the governor as ex officio chairman, the lieutenant governor, the state treasurer, the state superintendent of public instruction, and one member appointed by the governor from each of what were then North Carolina's 11 congressional districts-for a total of 15 persons. The commission was given broad and plenary powers over the administration of the public schools and the distribution of state funds to schools. The State School Commission continued until 1943, when the General Assembly abolished it and reassigned its powers and duties to the State Board of Education.
E. Michael Latta, The Constitutional and Statutory Development of the State Board of Education and the State Superintendent of Public Instruction (1989).
1 January 2006 | Latta, E. Michael


Evil Deeds
A forensic psychologist on anger, madness and destructive behavior.
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About Evil Deeds
Evil Deeds began five years ago as a blog about forensic psychology, anger, violence and the destructiveness of human evil. It has since evolved to more broadly cover related and relevant topics such as mental health, spirituality, psychotherapy, psychopathology, creativity, and the archetypal quest for meaning and purpose.
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Dreams of Glory
Daydreaming: How the best ideas emerge from the ether.


text:
RETURN TO THE WILD AND SHOW YOUR RESPECT FOR THE ORIGIN OF DOGS,
FOR YOURSELF AND FOR NATURE
The earliest record of cohabitation between dogs and humans dates to roughly 12,000 BC
In coexistence, the composition of the canine diet began to resemble the composition of the human diet, and especially with the advent of agriculture, it moved even further away from the dog's anatomical and genetic disposition. We've designed Carnilove with careful consideration for the historical continuity of cohabitation between dogs and humans. The ingredients and their proportion have been developed according to the diet of dogs prior to the advent of agriculture, but production is based on the latest processes and technologies.
Carnilove has been formulated with respect for the natural origins of dogs.
The wide spectrum of carefully selected wild-origin meats, such as reindeer, duck, pheasant, turkey, lamb, wild boar, and salmon, corresponds to the composition of natural prey and ensures intake of important amino acids.
Forest fruits, vegetables, wild berries, and herbs are natural sources of important vitamins, antioxidants, and other essential nutrients.
Because grains are not a part of the natural diet of wild dogs, Carnilove is entirely grain-free.
WILD ORIGIN MEATS 70%
FOREST FRUITS, VEGETABLES & HERBS 30%


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State of California Franchise Tax Board
What are the differences between California and Federal Law?
In general, California tax law conforms to the Internal Revenue Code (IRC) as of January 1, 2005. However, there are continuing differences between California and federal tax law. These differences may require taxpayers to make adjustments to figures from their federal returns. Certain specific areas of nonconformity are discussed in the affected tax forms instructions. Refer to Publication 1001 for more information.
Chat with an FTB Representative


19 July New Post 2
Load more testing
CodeIgniter gives you access to a Query Builder class. This patternallows information to be retrieved, inserted, and updated in yourdatabase with minimal scripting. In some cases, only one or two linesof code are necessary to perform a database action.CodeIgniter does not require that each database table be its own classfile. It instead provides a more simplified interface.
Beyond simplicity, a major benefit to using the Query Builder featuresis that it allows you to create database independent applications, sincethe query syntax is generated by each database adapter. It also allowsfor safer queries, since the values are escaped automatically by thesystem.
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Le Lavandou
France
Long-term weather forecast
Long-term weather forecast
November weather forecast and climate
Le Lavandou, France
Sea temperature
In Le Lavandou, France, in Noviembre, the average water temperature is 17.3°C (63.1°F).
Note: Swimming in 17.3°C (63.1°F) is not enjoyable for the majority. Controlling breathing becomes progressively more difficult as surface water temperature decreases below 21°C (69.8°F).
Daylight
In Noviembre, the average length of the day is 9.7h.
What is the sea temperature in Noviembre in Le Lavandou?
In Le Lavandou, France, the average seawater temperature in Noviembre is 17.3°C (63.1°F). For swimming, a surface water temperature of 17.3°C (63.1°F) is not enjoyable for the majority. It is not considered safe, as controlling breathing becomes progressively more difficult as water temperature decreases below 21°C (69.8°F).
What is the average length of the day in Noviembre in Le Lavandou?
The average length of the day in Noviembre is 9.7h.
Average sea temperature in November - Le Lavandou, France
 - Average sea temperature in November: 17.3°C
The best month for swimming (with the highest average sea temperature) is August (23°C).
The coldest month (with the lowest average sea temperature) is February (13.1°C).
Average daylight in November - Le Lavandou, France
 - Average daylight in November: 9.7h
The month with the longest days is June (Average daylight: 15.3h).
The month with shortest days is December (Average daylight: 9.1h).


The Cleveland Metroparks Zoo and its visitors are mourning the loss of Blackie, a Nile hippopotamus.
In a release, the Zoo says the hippo was euthanized Monday due to ailments associated with advanced age.
Blackie was 59 and is believed to be the oldest male Nile hippo ever recorded.
During his time at the Zoo, the hippo sired three offspring, all males. Blackie was a fan favorite for both visitors and staff members alike.
To help the hippo as it aged, the Zoo built a special addition with a heated pool at the Africa barn in 2008. The Zoo says Blackie lived out his last years contentedly eating lots of produce and floating in the pool which he didn't have to share.
Black came to the Zoo from Africa in 1955 when he was about a year old.
Hippos are classified as "vulnerable" by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. Hippo populations are declining due to habitat loss and poaching but are still found over a large range of eastern and southern Africa.
Read or Share this story: _URL_


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This repository
Ordasity is Boundary's library for building stateful clustered services on the JVM.
Table of Contents
 1. Overview, Use Cases, and Features
 2. A Clustered Service in 30 Seconds
 3. In Action at Boundary
 4. Distribution / Coordination Strategy
 5. Rebalancing
 6. Draining and Handoff
 7. Wrapping Up
 8. API Documentation
Building Stateful Clustered Services on the JVM
Ordasity is a library designed to make building and deploying reliable clustered services on the JVM as straightforward as possible. It's written in Scala and uses Zookeeper for coordination.
Primary Use Cases
Ordasity is designed to spread persistent or long-lived workloads across several machines. It's a toolkit for building systems which can be described in terms of individual nodes serving a partition or shard of a cluster's total load. Ordasity is not designed to express a "token range" (though it may be possible to implement one); the focus is on discrete work units.
 - Cluster membership (joining / leaving / mutual awareness)
 - Work claiming and distribution
 - Load-based workload balancing
 - Count-based workload balancing
 - Automatic periodic rebalancing
 - Graceful cluster exiting ("draining")
 - Graceful handoff of work units between nodes
 - Pegging of work units to a specific node
A Clustered Service in 30 Seconds
Let's get started with an example. Here's how to build a clustered service in 25 lines of code with Ordasity:
 import com.yammer.metrics.scala.Meter
 import com.twitter.common.zookeeper.ZooKeeperClient
 import com.boundary.ordasity.{Cluster, ClusterConfig, SmartListener}
 class MyService {
 val listener = new SmartListener {
 // Called after successfully joining the cluster.
 def onJoin(client: ZooKeeperClient) { }
 // Do yer thang, mark that meter.
 def startWork(workUnit: String, meter: Meter) { }
 // Stop doin' that thang.
 def shutdownWork(workUnit: String) { }
 // Called after leaving the cluster.
 def onLeave() { }
 val config = new ClusterConfig("localhost:2181")
 val cluster = new Cluster("ServiceName", listener, config)
Maven folks and friends with compatible packaging systems, here's the info for your pom.xml:

 Boundary Public
In Action at Boundary
At Boundary, the library holds together our pubsub and event stream processing systems. It's a critical part of ensuring that at any moment, we're consuming and aggregating data from our network of collectors at one tier, and processing this data at hundreds of megabits a second in another. Ordasity also helps keep track of the mappings between these services, wiring everything together for us behind the scenes.
Ordasity's distribution enables us to spread the work of our pubsub aggregation and event stream processing systems across any number of nodes. Automatic load balancing keeps the cluster's workload evenly distributed, with nodes handing off work to others as workload changes. Graceful draining and handoff allows us to iterate rapidly on these systems, continously deploying updates without disrupting operation of the cluster. Ordasity's membership and work claiming approach ensures transparent failover within a couple seconds if a node becomes unavailable due to a network partition or system failure.
Distribution / Coordination Strategy
Ordasity's architecture is masterless, relying on Zookeeper only for coordination between individual nodes. The service is designed around the principle that many nodes acting together under a common set of rules can cooperatively form a self-organizing, self-regulating system.
Ordasity supports two work claiming strategies: "simple" (count-based), and "smart" (load-based).
Count-Based Distribution
The count-based distribution strategy is simple. When in effect, each node in the cluster will attempt to claim its fair share of available work units according to the following formula:
 val maxToClaim = {
 if (allWorkUnits.size <= 1) allWorkUnits.size
 else (allWorkUnits.size / nodeCount.toDouble).ceil
If zero or one work units are present, the node will attempt to claim up to one work unit. Otherwise, the node will attempt to claim up to the number of work units divided by the number of active nodes.
Load-Based Distribution
Ordasity's load-based distribution strategy assumes that all work units are not equal. It's unlikely that balancing simply by count will result in an even load distribution -- some nodes would probably end up much busier than others. The load-based strategy is smarter. It divides up work based on the amount of actual "work" done.
Meters Measure Load
When you enable smart balancing and initialize Ordasity with a SmartListener, you get back a "meter" to mark when work occurs. Here's a simple, contrived example:
 val listener = new SmartListener {
 def startWork(workUnit: String, meter: Meter) = {
 val somethingOrOther = new Runnable() {
 def run() {
 while (true) {
 val processingAmount = process(workUnit)
 new Thread(somethingOrOther).start()
Ordasity uses this meter to determine how much "work" each work unit in the cluster represents. If the application were a database or frontend to a data service, you might mark the meter each time a query is performed. In a messaging system, you'd mark it each time a message is sent or received. In an event stream processing system, you'd mark it each time an event is processed. You get the idea.
(Bonus: Each of these meters expose their metrics via JMX, providing you and your operations team with insight into what's happening when your service is in production).
Knowing the Load Lets us Balance
Ordasity checks the meters once per minute (configurable) and updates this information in Zookeeper. The "load map" determines the actual load represented by each work unit. All nodes watch the cluster's "load map" and are notified via Zookeeper's Atomic Broadcast mechanism when this changes. Each node in the cluster will attempt to claim its fair share of available work units according to the following formula:
 def evenDistribution() : Double = {
 loadMap.values.sum / activeNodeSize().toDouble
As the number of nodes or the load of individual work units change, each node's idea of an "even distribution" changes as well. Using this "even distribution" value, each node will choose to claim additional work, or in the event of a rebalance, drain its workload to other nodes if it's processing more than its fair share.
Ordasity supports automatic and manual rebalancing to even out the cluster's load distribution as workloads change.
To trigger a manual rebalance on all nodes, touch "/service-name/meta/rebalance" in Zookeeper. However, automatic rebalancing is preferred. To enable it, just turn it on in your cluster config:
 val config = new ClusterConfig("localhost:2181").
 setRebalanceInterval(60 * 60) // One hour
As a masterless service, the rebalance process is handled uncoordinated by the node itself. The rebalancing logic is very simple. If a node has more than its fair share of work when a rebalance is triggered, it will drain or release this work to other nodes in the cluster. As the cluster sees this work become available, lighter-loaded nodes will claim it (or receive handoff) and begin processing.
If you're using count-based distribution, it looks like this:
 def simpleRebalance() {
 val target = fairShare()
 if (myWorkUnits.size > target) {"Simple Rebalance triggered. Load: %s. Target: %s.", myWorkUnits.size, target)
If you're using load-based distribution, it looks like this:
 def smartRebalance() {
 val target = evenDistribution()
 if (myLoad() > target) {"Smart Rebalance triggered. Load: %s. Target: %s", myLoad(), target)
Draining and Handoff
To avoid dumping a bucket of work on an already-loaded cluster at once, Ordasity supports "draining." Draining is a process by which a node can gradually release work to other nodes in the cluster. In addition to draining, Ordasity also supports graceful handoff, allowing for a period of overlap during which a new node can begin serving a work unit before the previous owner shuts it down.
Ordasity's work claiming strategies (count-based and load-based) have internal counterparts for releasing work: drainToLoad and drainToCount.
The drainToCount and drainToLoad strategies invoked by a rebalance will release work units until the node's load is just greater than its fair share. That is to say, each node is "generous" in that it will strive to maintain slightly greater than a mathematically even distribution of work to guard against a scenario where work units are caught in a cycle of being claimed, released, and reclaimed continually. (Similarly, both claiming strategies will attempt to claim one unit beyond their fair share to avoid a scenario in which a work unit is claimed by no one).
Ordasity allows you to configure the period of time for a drain to complete:
 val config = new ClusterConfig("localhost:2181").setDrainTime(60) // 60 Seconds
When a drain is initiated, Ordasity will pace the release of work units over


General
Gomed Stone: A Guide to Its History, Uses, and Benefits
Introduction:
In This Article Completely Guide The Benefits of Gomed Stone Uses and History. Have you ever heard of Gomed Stone? It may surprise you that it is a beautiful, versatile Gemstone that has been used for centuries in jewelry. From its humble beginnings to its current use in contemporary jewelry, Gomed Stone is an intriguing gem with a rich and fascinating history.
In this blog, we'll be exploring the origins, uses, and benefits of Gomed Stone, so read on to learn about this captivating gemstone.
Gomed Stone is a type of quartz found in various colors, from pale yellow to deep orange. It is also known as Hessonite, and its name comes from the Sanskrit word for "cow's urine." This may not sound very romantic, but Gomedhikam stone has been used in jewelry for centuries.
It is said to be a stone of good fortune and is often used to ward off evil spirits.
Gomed Stone is believed to have originated in India, and it has been used in traditional Ayurvedic medicine for centuries.
In Ayurveda, the gomedhikam stone is said to help treat various issues, including arthritis, diarrhea, and anxiety. It is also believed to improve the wearer's overall health and well-being.
Gomed Stone is a beautiful gemstone with a rich history and many benefits. If you're looking for a unique, eye-catching piece of jewelry, gomedhikam stone is a great option.
The history of gomed stone:
The history of the Gomed stone dates back thousands of years. It is thought to have originated in India, where it has been used for centuries as a powerful talisman and protective stone.
The stone has long been associated with the Hindu god Jupiter, who is believed to bring luck, wealth, and good fortune to those who carry it. In India, the stone is known as "hessonite" or "Gomed" and is traditionally worn as a ring or necklace to bring health, success, and fortune.
Today, the stone is still believed to bring good luck and is often used in jewelry or as healing rituals. It can also be found in many spiritual shops worldwide and is popular among those seeking protection from negative energies.
The benefits of gomed stone:
The Gomed stone, also known as Hessonite, is a Powerful Gemstone with various spiritual and healing benefits. It is said to bring good luck, attract wealth, and protect the wearer from negative energy.
Gomedhikam is believed to have a calming effect, allowing the wearer to manage stress and anxiety better. It also increases wisdom and mental clarity, allowing the wearer to make smart decisions.
In addition to its spiritual and mental benefits, Gomedhikam is also believed to have physical healing properties. It is said to help with digestive issues, skin disorders, and various other ailments.
Gomedhikam d has been used for centuries in traditional healing practices and is still popular today. Those looking for a powerful gemstone with many potential benefits should consider investing in a Gomedhikam.
How can gomed stone be used?
Gomed stone, also known as Hessonite, is a Gemstone used in traditional medicine for centuries. Its healing properties are believed to help with physical ailments, including skin conditions and digestive issues.
It is also said to promote emotional and spiritual health and to bring good luck and fortune to the wearer. Hessonite stone can be worn in jewelry or carried as a talisman. It is also sometimes used in feng shui, placed in specific home or office areas to create a positive energy flow.
Finally, it can also be used as an elixir, ground into powder, and mixed with water to create a tonic that is said to be beneficial for overall health and well-being. No matter how you choose to use it, hessonite stone is an intriguing and powerful stone with a long history.
Health benefits of Hessonite Stone:
Hessonite stone, also known as Gomed, is a Gemstone that has been used for centuries in Ayurvedic medicine. It is believed to have many health benefits, including improving mental clarity, boosting immunity, and regulating the body's energy levels.
Hessonite stone is also said to help balance emotions and reduce stress. It can be worn as jewelry or carried on the body to reap its benefits. Other potential health benefits of hessonite stone include improved digestion and detoxification, relief from headaches and migraines, and improved circulation.
While these claims are not scientifically proven, some people swear by the positive effects they have experienced when using hessonite stone.
If you're looking for an alternative form of natural healing, then hessonite stone might be worth considering.
Variety of hessonite stone:
Hessonite is a variety of the Gemstone Grossularite, which is part of the Garnet family. It is also known as cinnamon stone because it has a reddish-brown color similar to cinnamon.
Hessonite is usually found in Sri Lanka and India, although it can also be found in other places such as Brazil, Madagascar, and Tanzania.
The color of Hessonite ranges from yellow to orange to red-brown, depending on the stone's quality. When cut and polished, Hessonite can be quite beautiful and used for jewelry and other decorative items.
Hessonite is believed to have many healing properties, including the ability to bring luck, joy, and good fortune. If you're looking for a unique gemstone with special properties, Hessonite may be a good choice.
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text:
Real Estate and Construction
Accounting in the construction industry is different from other industries. A normal industry follows and works for stereotypical accounting methods, but when it comes to building an industry, the scenario is very different.
In the construction industry, people work in new places and the work done is of a very different nature on a regular basis. Various factors affect costs in the construction industry, such as travel time, packaging of tools and equipment, and delivery of materials to job sites, all of which are different in nature.
In a construction company, the accounting method counts revenue based on profit estimate and percentage of project completed; this is known as the "percentage complete method". Therefore, general accounting for construction companies is quite complex and unique, also because you need to keep a close eye on all expenses, costs and income of all different construction sites.
Construction accounting and construction accounting is the process of managing the financial transactions and records of construction companies. In the construction industry, bookkeeping and accounting play a crucial role in managing the financial health of the company. Construction companies can have complex financial needs due to long project times, numerous subcontractors and suppliers, and large capital investments.
Some of the specific jobs that accountants and construction accountants can perform include:
Manage project costs and budgets
- Follow-up and billing of the work performed to customers
- Payroll and benefits management for employees and contractors
- Track expenses and income for multiple projects
- Create financial statements and reports for investors and lenders.
- Preparation and filing of tax returns and compliance statements
In general, bookkeeping and bookkeeping are vital for construction companies to maintain accurate financial records, make informed decisions, and effectively manage their financial resources.


PHP download file from url using curl example
Admin PHP _PHONE_-12 22:21:27
Whenever you require to download file or image from URL using php curl. then you can see that example. we can download image or file from given url and save in over local server. you can do that using get_file_contents() in php too, but i think it is good if you are doing that using PHP curl. let's see following example :
Example
$url = '_URL_
$curlCh = curl_init();
curl_setopt($curlCh, CURLOPT_URL, $url);
curl_setopt($curlCh, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, 1);
curl_setopt($curlCh, CURLOPT_SSLVERSION,3);
$curlData = curl_exec ($curlCh);
curl_close ($curlCh);
$downloadPath = "upload/flower10.jpg";
$file = fopen($downloadPath, "w+");
fputs($file, $curlData);
fclose($file);


You are here:
C++/dynamic bit-fields
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Question
QUESTION: Hi,
I was wondering if there is such thing as a dynamic bit-field or any other way to implement it?
To illuminate the question how can i create a bit-field where the size of the members is provided at run-time and added to the developing struct or any other data type? Any method possible? THANKS IN ADVANCE!!
ANSWER: Hello Heni
Yes of course it is possible to implement it. It would be built upon the tools I described in this answer:
_URL_
I did not get any follow up questions from you about it. If you understood my answer, then try to implement a function to get the N'th bit from a section of memory. If you show me some effort in that, then I'll know you're serious and we can we can get to work on your bit field question.
If you didn't understand my last answer, then please do ask questions about it. We have to build the foundation, before we can go on to the higher level functions.
Best regards
Zlatko
---------- FOLLOW-UP ----------
QUESTION: Hi,
I do understand your answer. The point is that what could happen in the following problem.
-The elements which i previously said were 7bits each, were infact, let's say, 5, 6, 7, 9 bits long(they were different). With your method i could encode it, but how could i possibly decode it if i don't know which element is what long? THANK IN ADVANCE AGAIN!!
Answer
Hello Heni
Well thanks for being patient, I have had a busy week.
To answer your question, you would need some method of storing the starting and ending position of each field. For example, if a field starts at bit 10 and ends at bit 15 (6 bits), then you would need to store that somewhere. In my scheme below, I'm using a vector of pairs of integers. The C++ standard template library provides both.
I initialize the bit field object with starting and ending positions for each field, but then I access the field by its field number. Have a look at the program below, and ask questions about anything you don't understand. I've tested it only a little.
#include <vector>
#include <utility>
#include <string>
#include <iostream>
class BitFields
{
public:

 /*
 The FieldDefns hold the starting and ending bit number
 of each field.
 */
 typedef std::pair<int, int> FieldDefn;
 typedef std::vector< FieldDefn > FieldDefnList;
 BitFields(FieldDefnList& fieldDefinitions);
 ~BitFields();
 /*
 We will assume that each bit field fits into an
 integer.
 */
 int getField(int fieldNum) const;
 void setField(int fieldNum, int value);
 bool getNthBit(int N) const;
 void setNthBit(int N, bool value);
private:
 /*
 We will forbid copying of the bit field unless you want to implement it
 If you attempt to copy, the compiler will give you an error
 */
 BitFields(const BitFields&);
 BitFields& operator=(const BitFields&);
private:
 // This is the private data.
 FieldDefnList mFields;
 char* mMemory;
};
BitFields::BitFields(FieldDefnList& fieldDefinitions)
{
 // copy the field definitions
 mFields = fieldDefinitions;
 /* go through each field definition, checking that
 the end is past the start, and finding the farthest bit
 swap field definitions where the starting bit is after the ending bit
 */
 int farthestBit = 0;
 for(unsigned int ix = 0; ix < mFields.size(); ++ix)
 {
 FieldDefn& p = mFields[ix];
 // We will be tolerant of some sloppy input from the user
 if (p.first > p.second)
 {
 int tmp = p.first;
 p.first = p.second;
 p.second = tmp;
 }
 /*
 Because we are assuming that each bit field fits into an integer, we
 must validate the user's input against that assumption.
 */
 if (p.second - p.first + 1 > sizeof(int)*8)
 {
 throw std::string("bad input, bit field too large");
 }
 farthestBit = std::max(p.second, farthestBit);
 }
 // allocate memory
 ++farthestBit;
 int byteCount = farthestBit / 8;
 if (farthestBit % 8 != 0) ++byteCount;
 mMemory = new char[byteCount];
}
BitFields::~BitFields()
{
 delete mMemory;
}
/* This method will obtain the bits of bit field numbered by bf
and return the bits of the bit field in the result
*/
int BitFields::getField(int bf) const
{
 int result = 0;
 // first get the bounds of the bit field
 FieldDefn fd = mFields[bf];
 int start = fd.first;
 int end = fd.second;
 // then get the individual bits and pack them into the result
 while(start <= end)
 {
 int bit = getNthBit(start);
 // shift to the left by 1 to make room in the result for the new bit
 result <<= 1;
 // put the bit in
 result |= bit;
 // advance to the next bit
 ++start;
 }
 return result;
}
/* This method will set the bits of bit field numbered by bf
to the bits int value
*/
void BitFields::setField(int bf, int value)
{
 // first get the bounds of the bit field
 FieldDefn fd = mFields[bf];
 int start = fd.first;
 int end = fd.second;
 while (end >= start)
 {
 /*
 We define the last bit in the bit field to be the least significant bit
 in the value
 */
 setNthBit(end, value & 1);
 // shift value to the right by one to get access to the next bit
 value >>= 1;
 --end;
 }
}
bool BitFields::getNthBit(int N) const
{
 /*
 from my answer at
 _URL_
 N/8 gives you the byte number in your memory
 N%8 gives you the bit number
 We take the binary value _PHONE_ and shift it to the right by the bit number,
 so if we are interested in the second bit, then _PHONE_ becomes 01000000
 and if we are interested in the third bit, it becomes 00100000
 That is the mask.
 Then we bitwise-AND the shifted value against the byte
 For example
 Byte: _PHONE_
 Mask: 00100000
 AND : 00100000
 If the result is 0, the the N'th bit was 0,
 if the result was not 0, then the N'th bit was 1
 */
 return (mMemory[ N/8 ] & (0x80 >> (N % 8)) ) != 0;
}
void BitFields::setNthBit(int N, bool value)
{
 char mask = 0x80 >> ( N % 8);
 char& byte = mMemory [ N/8 ];
 if (value)
 {
 // set the bit
 byte |= mask;
 }
 else
 {
 // clear the bit
 byte &= ~mask;
 }
}
int main(void)
{
 /* Lets define the bit fields.
 As you say in your question
 "infact, let's say, 5, 6, 7, 9 bits long(they were different)"
 */
 BitFields::FieldDefnList fieldsDefns;
 fieldsDefns.push_back( BitFields::FieldDefn(0, 4)); // 5 bits
 fieldsDefns.push_back( BitFields::FieldDefn(5, 10)); // 6 bits
 fieldsDefns.push_back( BitFields::FieldDefn(11, 17)); // 7 bits
 fieldsDefns.push_back( BitFields::FieldDefn(18, 26)); // 9 bits
 fieldsDefns.push_back( BitFields::FieldDefn(27, 27)); // 1 bit
 fieldsDefns.push_back( BitFields::FieldDefn(28, 28)); // 1 bit
 // set fields
 BitFields bf(fieldsDefns);
 bf.setField(0, 22); // set field 0 to 10110
 bf.setField(1, 33); // set field 1 to 100001
 bf.setField(2, 87); // set field 2 to _PHONE_
 bf.setField(3, 341);// set field 3 to 101010101
 bf.setField(4, 1);
 bf.setField(5, 0);

 // test


C i = 1 2 1 / 2 1
4.3. Hierarchical Single Ranking and Validation
Taking the criterion layer B1–indicator layer Ci judgment matrix (3) as an example, the weight of indicator layer Ci in criterion layer B1 was calculated. The square root method was used for the hierarchical analysis to calculate the following:
(1) Calculate the product of each element of each row of the judgment matrix, the M 1 = 1 × 2 × 3 × 6 = 36 , same argument M 2 = 3 , M 3 = 0.3333 , M 4 = 0.0278 ;
(2) Calculate the nth power root of M 1 (n = 4), W 1 ¯ = M 1 4 = 36 4 = 2.4495 , same argument W 2 ¯ = 1.3161 , W 3 ¯ = 0.7598 , W 4 ¯ = 0.4083 ;
(3) Normalized to W ¯ 1 , W 1 = 2.4495 2.4495 + 1.3161 + 0.7598 + 0.4083 = 0.4965 , same argument W 2 = 0.2668 , W 3 = 0.1540 , W 4 = 0.0827 ;
So, W = 0.4965 , 0.2668 , 0.1540 , 0.0827 is the desired eigenvector;
(4) Calculate the maximum characteristic root of the judgment matrix λ max ,
λ max = 1 n i = 1 n ( K W ) i W i = 1.9885 4 × 0.4965 + 1.0713 4 × 0.2668 + 0.6184 4 × 0.1540 + 0.3314 4 × 0.0827 = 4.0104
where (KW)1 = 1 × 0.4965 + 2 × 0.2668 + 3 × 0.1540 + 6 × 0.0827 = 1.9885, and (KW)2, (KW)3, and (KW)4 are calculated as 1.073, 0.6184, and 0.3314, respectively.
(5) In order to test whether the qualitative judgment of the constructed judgment matrix logically meets the requirement of transmissibility, it is necessary to conduct a consistency test, and the consistency index CR is used as the criterion to measure the consistency of the judgment matrix. The judgment matrix can be considered to have satisfactory consistency when CR < 0.10; otherwise, it is necessary to adjust the judgment matrix; C I = λ max n n 1 = 4.0104 4 4 1 = 0.00347 , C R = C I R I = 0.00347 0.9 = 0.003856 , where RI is the average random consistency index, and the RI values of its judgment matrix are shown in Table 5. When n = 4, RI = 0.9; since CR < 0.1, the consistency satisfies the requirement.
Similarly, the weights of all evaluation factors can be calculated, as shown in Table 6.
4.4. Karst Collapse Susceptibility Evaluation Model
From the above calculations, A = [0.3285, 0.1770, 0.1023, 0.0548, 0.1494, 0.0830, 0.1050], and the karst collapse susceptibility prediction and evaluation model can be established as follows:
H = (0.3285 × Hkarst + 0.1770 × Hlandform + 0.1023 × Hfault + 0.0548Hsoil) + (0.1494 × Hcollapse + 0.0830 × Hgroundriver) + 0.1050 × Hwell
5. Analysis of Evaluation Results
By using the spatial analysis function of ArcGIS, the zoning map of the influence of the seven assigned factors of the degree of karst collapse was superimposed according to the AHP prediction and evaluation model to obtain the prediction and evaluation map reflecting the karst collapse susceptibility, as shown in Figure 15. According to the size of the H value, the study area was divided. There are four levels of karst collapse susceptibility, including extremely susceptible areas (2.64–2.81), susceptible areas (2.43–2.64), somewhat susceptible areas (1.88–2.43), and non-susceptible areas (1.04–1.88), and one non-karst level (0.51–1.04), as shown in Figure 15 and Table 7. In Table 7, in the karst collapse-susceptible areas, the length of the extremely susceptible area is 11.9 km, accounting for about 12.85% of the total length of the line, and the remaining three susceptible areas are 23.2 km (25.05%), 36.62 km (39.54%), and 10.2 km (11.01%), respectively. The length of the non-karst area is 10.7 km, accounting for about 11.55% of the total length of the line. The sections of the expressway passing through the extremely susceptible area and susceptible area account for about 37.90% of the total length of the line.
According to the analysis results, the susceptibility of karst collapse in the study area is mainly affected by factors such as the degree of karst development, karst landform, and soil thickness, and locally by faults, karst collapse, underground rivers, and mining well. The extremely susceptible and susceptible areas of karst collapse coincide with the existing karst collapse area, and the research results are consistent with the actual situation. The total length of the extremely susceptible and susceptible areas of karst collapse equals 34.3 km, mainly distributed in the dissolution plain landform (88.05%). Only 4.1 km (11.95%) of the susceptible area is distributed in the erosion–dissolution landform, 99.10% of the 11.1 km of the extremely susceptible area is distributed in the strong developed karst area, 63.36% of the 23.2 km of the susceptible area is distributed in the strong developed karst area, and the rest are distributed in the moderate developed karst area. The soil thickness in the extremely susceptible area is less than 10 m or 5–10 m, and it is affected by faults, underground channels, karst collapse, and mining wells. Areas with soil thickness of 5–10 m have increased susceptibility. The somewhat susceptible and non-susceptible areas of karst collapse are mainly controlled by the degree of karst development, and they are located in the areas with moderate developed karst or weak developed karst. The non-karst area is not affected by any karst collapse-susceptible factors. Because the extremely susceptible and susceptible areas of karst collapse are very dangerous to the project, corresponding control measures must be taken, and the strong developed karst area, dissolution plain landform areas, and soil thickness of less than 10 m in the study area should be treated. The karst area should be taken seriously and control measures can be taken. In the areas with somewhat susceptible and non-susceptible areas of karst collapse, attention should also be paid to the moderate developed or weak developed karst areas with a soil thickness of less than 10 m, such as the K1410+300-K1410+600 and K1440+000-K1471+920 sections.
Combined with the hydrological engineering geological conditions, karst development, karst landform, and other influencing factors in the study area, the evaluation results coincide with the locations of karst collapse in the K1379+300-K1471+920 section of the Quannan Expressway in recent years, indicating that it is feasible to use the combination of the AHP method of ArcGIS to evaluate the susceptibility to karst collapse. The results can provide a scientific basis and technical support for the prevention and control of geological disasters, the planning of key areas, and the development and utilization of land.
The basic factors of karst collapse, such as soil thickness and underground river in the study area, were mainly obtained through borehole data, which can reflect the geological situation of the study area well but cannot reveal it completely due to the limits of the number and spacing of boreholes. Moreover, the development and degree of karst are dynamic, so the data of the field investigation are time-sensitive. Karst collapse is sudden and unpredictable. Therefore, the results of this study have certain limitations.
6. Suggestions for Prevention Measures
According to the evaluation conclusions of the AHP method of ArcGIS, as shown in Table 7 and Figure 15, it can be seen that the extremely susceptible and susceptible areas of karst collapse have a greater impact on the construction of the project and the safety after the project is completed, and the possibility of roadbed instability and damage is high. It is very necessary to take necessary prevention measures in the section. The specific prevention measures are proposed based on actual engineering experience and evaluation conclusions, as shown in Table 8. At the same time, it is recommended to carry out a key exploration of the hidden karst soil caves and karst caves in the K1379+300-K1471+920 section to further identify the hidden karst situation. In addition, there is also the danger of karst collapse in the somewhat susceptible areas, but the degree of susceptibility to karst collapse is lower than that of the susceptible area. It is recommended to detect hidden karst


text:
Here are today's five thing to know about Homemade Soup:
Also: African Heritage & Health Week
- Women are more than twice as likely to eat soup as men, 9.67% vs. 4.0%.
- The Middle English word soupen meant "to drink in sips", which is how most soups were consumed. The words "soup," "supper," "sip," and "sop" are derived from this term.
- Andy Warhol(who's real name was Andrew Warhola) is famous for his Campbell 's soup can art of the 1960's. Did you know his first works sold for around 100 dollars? Today they sell for hundreds of thousands of dollars.
- We 'eat' and don't drink soup. In most cultures, soup is had as a part of the meal. According to etiquette experts, since we consume soup with a spoon as opposed to sipping it from a bowl, we 'eat' it.
- The word soup is of Sanskrit origin! It is derived from the…
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&= \dfrac {Z^3}{a_0^3\pi} \int e^{\frac{-RZ\lambda}{a_0}} d \tau \end{align*} \]
 Look how \(R\) becomes part of the integral naturally when the coordinate system changes. There is no need to convert the spherical angles \(\phi_A\), \(\theta_A\), \(\phi_B\), and \(\theta_B\) into elliptical coordinates because they are not present in the original spherical integral, or in the wavefunctions.
 Put in the Jacobian and:
 \[\begin{align} S &= \int 1s_A 1s_B d\tau\ \\[4pt] &= \dfrac {Z^3}{a_0^3\pi} \dfrac{R^3}{8} \int_1^{\infty} \int_{-1}^1 \int_0^{2\pi} e^{\frac{-RZ\lambda}{a_0}} (\lambda^2 - \mu^2) \, d\lambda\, d\mu\, d\theta \\[4pt] & = \dfrac {Z^3}{a_0^3\pi} \dfrac{R^3}{8} \int_0^{2\pi} d\theta \left[ \int_1^{\infty} \int_{-1}^1 \lambda^2 e^{\frac{-RZ\lambda}{a_0}} \, d\lambda\, d\mu - \int_1^{\infty} \int_{-1}^1 \mu^2 e^{\frac{-RZ\lambda}{a_0}} \, d\lambda\, d\mu \right] \end{align} \nonumber \]
 Lets simplify this a little bit by noting that \(Z=1\) for hydrogen and evaluating the angular part.
 \[S = \int 1s_A 1s_B d\tau\ = \dfrac {1}{a_0^3} \dfrac{R^3}{4} \left[ \int_1^{\infty} \int_{-1}^1 \lambda^2 e^{\frac{-R\lambda}{a_0}} \, d\lambda\, d\mu - \int_1^{\infty} \int_{-1}^1 \mu^2 e^{\frac{-R\lambda}{a_0}} \, d\lambda\, d\mu \right] \nonumber \]
 Next the \(d\mu\) integrals
 \[S = \int 1s_A 1s_B d\tau\ = \dfrac {1}{a_0^3} \dfrac{R^3}{4} \left[ 2 \int_1^{\infty} \lambda^2 e^{\frac{-R\lambda}{a_0}} d\lambda - \dfrac{2}{3} \int_1^{\infty} e^{\frac{-R\lambda}{a_0}} d\lambda \right] \nonumber \]
 To finish we need the excellent integral
 \[\int_t^{\infty} z^n e^{-bz} = \dfrac{n!}{b^{n+1}} \left( 1 + bt + \dfrac{b^2t^2}{2!} + .... \dfrac{b^nt^n}{n!} \right) e^{-R/a_0} \nonumber \]
 where \(n = 0,1,2,3,4,... \) and \(b>0\).
 In our case \(n = 0 \) and \(2\) with \(t = 1\) and \(b = R/a_0\)
 \[S = \int 1s_A 1s_B d\tau\ = \dfrac {1}{a_0^3} \dfrac{R^3}{4} \left[ 2 \dfrac{2a_0^3}{R^3} e^{-R/a_0}\left(1 + \dfrac{R}{a_0} + \dfrac{R^2}{2a^2_0} \right) - \dfrac{2}{3} \dfrac{a_0}{R} e^{-R/a_0} \left( 1 \right) \right] \nonumber \]
 Distribute the constant out front
 \[S = \int 1s_A 1s_B d\tau\ = \left[ e^{-R/a_0} \left(1 + \dfrac{R}{a_0} + \dfrac{R^2}{2a^2_0} \right) - \dfrac {R^2}{6a_0^2} e^{-R/a_0} \right] \nonumber \]
 Pull out the exponent and ....
 \[S = \int 1s_A 1s_B d\tau\ = e^{-R/a_0}\left[ 1 + \dfrac{R}{a_0} + \dfrac{R^2}{2a^2_0} - \dfrac {R^2}{6a_0^2} \right] \nonumber \]
 And the answer is as expected (Equation \ref{eq1})
 \[S(R) = \int 1s_A 1s_B d\tau\ = e^{-R/a_0}\left[ 1 + \dfrac{R}{a_0} + \dfrac{R^2}{3a^2_0} \right] \nonumber \]
 References
 - _URL_
 - Recursion formulae for calculation of overlap integrals, January 1987. 10.1002/jcc.540080102
 - Formulas and Numerical Tables for Overlap Integrals R. S. Mulliken, C. A. Rieke, D. Orloff and H. Orloff, J. Chem. Phys. 17, 1248 (1949); _URL_.1063/_PHONE_
 9.5: Evaluating the Overlap Integral (Optional) is shared under a CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by LibreTexts.


text:
Learn how meteorologists predict the weather. Investigate using various weather instruments to draw conclusions about what is happening in the sky. Pre-registration is required by the day before the program.
FEE $5/person. The park's regular weekend gate fee ($1.50/person, ages 5 and under free) will also be in effect.


text:
Creator: Cockpit Hill Factory
Context: This teapot was created in 1766 by a British manufacturer after the repeal of the Stamp Act by the British Parliament.
Audience: Americans celebrating the repeal of the Stamp Act.
Purpose: To increase the company's sales by appealing to the interests of American consumers.
Historical Significance: This teapot reveals the growth of a transatlantic consumer market during the years before the American Revolution. It also shows the shrewdness of British manufacturers who overlooked political interests in order to satisfy the desires of American consumers and generate sales.


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Fab academy
Week 7: Computer Controlled Machining
Week 7: Computer Controlled Machining
This week, I learned to operate a CNC router for furniture manufacturing. To achieve this, the furniture was designed using Inventor Professional. Glue isn't necessary for assembling the furniture as the joints are press-fit. The designs were then exported as .DXF files to Enroute, a software that generates G-code. The machine used was a MultiCam 3000 Series, it is router-type milling machine characterized by a short Z-axis stroke and a work platform measuring 1500mmx3050mm. This machine is designed for cutting flat sheets. The material used was a 18mm thick plywood sheet.
Multicam3000Series
3D Design: Inventor Professional
For the design, I have chosen to incorporate dog-bone joints for all the press-fit connections to minimize the time spent on sanding. The fit tolerance is 0.1mm for all the press-fit connections. The furniture piece is a "Clothing Display Rack" intended for my girlfriend, featuring a shoe rack at the bottom, a clothing rack in the middle, and a shelf on top.
JobConsole
JobConsole
Enroute : Nesting / Tool-Database / Gcode Output
Define Working Plate:
ENROUTE
Enroute UI:
ENROUTE
Nesting:
Nesting is the initial step in the CNC machining process where I manually arrange various parts to be cut from a sheet of material in the most efficient manner possible. The goal of nesting is to minimize waste and optimize the use of the available space on the sheet. This involves arranging the parts so they fit closely together, reducing the amount of scrap material left after cutting. For the milling process, I used a 1/8-inch flute end mill. To ensure the tool fits into the dog-bone joints, I modeled the joints with a 3.5mm diameter in Inventor Professional. This approach allows the tool to enter the joints accurately, ensuring efficiency in the machining process.
ENROUTE
Create ToolPath:
This type of design requires routing with a "Routing Offset" because it involves following a specific path while offsetting for the tool to cut the final pieces accurately. The software will follow the center of the path, accounting for the tool's diameter.
ENROUTE
Tool Selection:
After the nesting process is completed, the next step is to set up the tool database. This involves inputting the specific details of the tools that will be used for cutting the parts. This includes information such as the type and size of the tool, the cutting speed and feed rates, and any other relevant parameters. Having an accurate tool database ensures that the CNC machine uses the correct tools and cutting parameters for each part, which is essential for achieving high-quality results.
The FABLAB Ulima has a comprehensive tool database saved in the EnRoute software, detailing all available tools. For this job, I selected the 1/8-inch two-flute spiral end mill from this database. I then configured the feeds and speeds to ensure high-quality routing and machining.
ENROUTE
The cutting parameters are:
Priority for Machining and Gcode Export:
To achieve high-quality results and prevent crashes during the milling process, it is necessary to prioritize milling the inner geometries before the outer ones. The rationale behind this approach is that once the outer pieces are cut, they can move if they are not securely mounted to the working platform. By milling the inner pieces first, you ensure that the material remains stable throughout the process. This step is crucial for maintaining precision and avoiding any potential movement that could compromise the final outcome.
ENROUTE
Finally, once the nesting and tool database setup are complete, the software generates the G-code, which is the programming language that instructs the CNC machine on how to cut the parts. The G-code contains precise instructions for the movement of the machine's axes, the speed and direction of the cutting tool, and any other actions that are necessary to produce the desired parts. This G-code is send from a PC via usb serial to the machine. The application is called Job Console , allowing it to execute the cutting process automatically, with minimal manual intervention.
Gcode-Output: Multicam Job Console:
The next step is to export the G-code file generated by the Enroute software into the Multicam Job Console. The Job Console is responsible for loading the file into the machine and monitoring the current state of the G-code execution. This ensures that the milling process is managed efficiently and that any issues can be promptly addressed.
JobConsole
Gcode Simulation:
The purpose of this G-code simulation is to verify that EnRoute software correctly prioritizes the routing paths and to review the G-code.
Machine Set-Up:
Powering Up the CNC Router and Chip Extractor:
The CNC Router will perform a Z Axis lift and then Home the X-Y Axis. This homing procedure will define the Machine Coordinates for preventing movements out of bounderies. When setting up the Stock Material a Custom Origin will be needed.
POWER
CHIPEXTRACTIONSYSTEM
Chip Suction System:
CHIPEXTRACTIONSYSTEM
Setting Custom Origin:
Setting XY Origin:
For this step, I first needed to send a tool change command to pick up the tool I was going to use. Then, I jogged the toolhead to the X-Y origin position of my stock and set the X-Y origin accordingly.
XYORIGIN
Setting Z Stock Origin:
For the Z-axis stock origin, two Z probing are needed. First, the machine probes the suction platform to ensure the mill does not hit the suction bed, primarily for safety purposes. Next, the top surface of the stock material needs to be probed to set the Z-axis origin.
ZOBEDRIGIN
ZPROBE
For the probing process, the Z-sense probe is connected via a fast connector that hangs on the toolhead of the router. Then its placed between the sensing surface and the tool. It is crucial to have good continuity between the tool and the Z-sense probe, which is achieved by using a magnetic connection to the tool. This ensures accurate and safe probing of the Z-axis.
ZSENSE
ZPROBE
Mounting the Triplay to the Working Platform:
For this step, I secured the stock material to the sacrificial MDF. The machine features a suction system to hold the stock material in place. To prevent damaging the original platform, our Fab Lab decided to use a 6mm sacrificial MDF sheet. The machine suctions the 6mm MDF, and the 18mm plywood is mounted on top, fixed with six nails through both sheets. The thickness of the plywood varies from 17.8mm to 18.4mm. To ensure complete cutting, the G-code is generated to mill the full 18mm thickness plus an extra 1mm into the sacrificial MDF, ensuring the end mill cuts through the entire material without any issues.
ZSENSE
Personal Protective Equipment:
To operate the CNC router responsibly, it is mandatory to have the appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE).
The personal protective equipment (PPE) used for the job is crucial to ensure safety in the workplace. For this particular task, various types of PPE are required to protect the worker from potential injuries. These include steel-toe boots, which provide protection against impact to the feet; protective goggles, shielding the eyes from flying particles and safety gloves, guarding the hands against cuts and abrasions.
PPE
Computer Numeric Controlled Machining:
Sending Job:
SendJob
Machining Process:
JobinProgress
Furniture Assembly:
For the assembly process, I used a rubber hammer to prevent damaging the wood while inserting all the press-fit connections.
Assembly
Assembly
Assembly
Assembly
Assembly
Final Product
Assembly
Assembly
Group Assigment Page!!
Group Assigment Personal Aport:
This week's group assignment required me to design and CNC route two types of joints. I chose parametric modeling for ease of use due to its numerous benefits.
3D Design:
Parametric modeling allows for quick adjustments and iterations, ensuring precise and functional designs while saving time. Using Inventor Professional, I focused on T-bone and dogbone joints. I defined parameters such as fit tolerance, pin width, and material thickness. By adjusting these parameters, I could easily test different variations and optimize the designs for strength and assembly efficiency.
INVENTOR
INVENTOR
CNC Routing:
I learned how different tolerance fits can be useful in the fabrication of press-fit reliable connections and how to effectively use the CNC router to reduce post-machining sanding. This knowledge further enhanced the precision and quality of the joints.
Assembly
Hope you enjoyed this week's assignment! Keep on creating!
You can download the files HERE!


text:
Old Aker Church is a medieval era church located in Oslo, Norway. An active parish, the church is the oldest existing building in Oslo.
Bergen Cathedral is a cathedral in the city of Bergen in Vestland county, Norway.
Vøringsfossen is the 83rd highest waterfall in Norway on the basis of total fall.
The Norwegian Museum of Contemporary Art is a museum in Oslo, Norway. Since 2003, it is administratively a part of the National Museum of…
Urnes Stave Church is a 12th-century stave church at Ornes, along the Lustrafjorden in the municipality of Luster in Vestland county,…
This splendid wooden church was an important pilgrimage site during the medieval times. An architectural gem.
Undredal Stave Church is a parish church in Aurland Municipality in Vestland county, Norway.
Tonsen Church is a church in Oslo, Norway which was built in 1961. It is located at Årvoll in the borough of Bjerke.
Tautra Abbey was a monastery of Cistercian monks founded in the 13th century on the island of Tautra in the Trondheimsfjord in Norway.
Bergen Cathedral School is an upper secondary school in Bergen, Norway.


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Changing the Cube Date Format
The projects that are available for download from the CubeStore have a default date format set in the cubes of "MM/DD/YY". This can be easily changed in the project to accommodate various regional preferences.
To alter the default date format, change the Date table in the staging database. The table will have a clock icon next to it and it is possible that this table is in the data warehouse depending on the version of the project that was downloaded from the CubeStore.
 1. Expand the Date table found in the staging database in the Jet Data Manager and identify the DisplayDate field.
 2. Right-click on the "Custom value" and select Edit Custom Transformation. The Custom Transformation window will appear.
 The number value "1" is part of the SQL "CONVERT" function and represents the "MM/DD/YY" format. The "1" should be replaced with the appropriate number that represents the desired format. A list of formats can be viewed under the Remarks section at the following link: Cast and Convert. In this example we will use the British/French standard which is represented by the number "3".
 3. Click Ok and then deploy and execute the Date table in the data warehouse.
 4. Click on the Cubes tab in the Jet Data Manager and deploy and execute the OLAP Servers node at the top of the Cubes tab.
 The default date format was originally set to "MM/DD/YY" which would display as the following in Excel:
 5. Once the change has been implemented, deployed and executed in the Date table in the staging database, data warehouse and cubes, viewers will see dates with the designated date format in Excel. In this example: "DD/MM/YY".
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Proceedings of SPIE - the International Society for Optical Engineering
Modeled hyperspectral reflectance signatures just above the water surface are obtained from radiative transfer models to create synthetic images of targets below the water surface. Images are displayed as 24 bit RGB images of the water surface using selected channels. Example model outputs are presented in this paper for a hyperspectral Monte Carlo and a hyperspectral layered analytical iterative model of radiative transport within turbid shallow water types. Images at the selected wavelengths or channels centered at 490, 530 and 680 nm suggests the two models provide quite similar results when displayed as RGB images. The techniques are demonstrated to the problem of extracting synthetic targets from hyperspectral synthetic images in the presence of water surface wave, using spectral wave models. The most sensitive parameters for generating realistic images are water depth and bottom reflectance in clean natural and optically shallow waters. Also presented are platforms for use in ports, harbors, inlets and waterways developed and designed for current and future monitoring to insure sustainable safe shallow water environments.
Bostater Jr., C. R. (2005). Hyperspectral simulation and recovery of submerged targets in turbid waters. Paper presented at the Proceedings of SPIE - the International Society for Optical Engineering, 5780 107-127. doi:10.1117/12.607531