Everything about number 138
Discover a lot of information on the number 138: properties, mathematical operations, how to write it, symbolism, numerology, representations and many other interesting things!
Mathematical properties of 138
Questions and answers
Is 138 a prime number? No
Is 138 a perfect number? No
Number of divisors 8
List of dividers 1, 2, 3, 6, 23, 46, 69, 138
Sum of divisors 288
Prime factorization 2 x 3 x 23
Prime factors 2, 3, 23
How to write / spell 138 in letters?
In letters, the number 138 is written as: One hundred and thirty-eight. And in other languages? how does it spell?
138 in other languages
Write 138 in english One hundred and thirty-eight
Write 138 in french Cent trente-huit
Write 138 in spanish Ciento treinta y ocho
Write 138 in portuguese Cento trinta e oito
Decomposition of the number 138
The number 138 is composed of:
1 iteration of the number 1 : The number 1 (one) represents the uniqueness, the unique, a starting point, a beginning.... Find out more about the number 1
1 iteration of the number 3 : The number 3 (three) is the symbol of the trinity. He also represents the union.... Find out more about the number 3
1 iteration of the number 8 : The number 8 (eight) represents power, ambition. It symbolizes balance, realization.... Find out more about the number 8
Mathematical representations and links
Other ways to write 138
In letter One hundred and thirty-eight
In roman numeral CXXXVIII
In binary _PHONE_
In octal 212
In hexadecimal 8a
In US dollars
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USD 138.00 ($)
In euros
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138,00 EUR (€)
Some related numbers
Previous number 137
Next number 139
Next prime number 139
Mathematical operations
Operations and solutions
138*2 = 276 The double of 138 is 276
138*3 = 414 The triple of 138 is 414
138/2 = 69 The half of 138 is 69.000000
138/3 = 46 The third of 138 is 46.000000
1382 = 19044 The square of 138 is 19044.000000
1383 = _PHONE_ The cube of 138 is _PHONE_.000000
√138 = 11.747340124471 The square root of 138 is 11.747340
log(138) = 4.9272536851572 The natural (Neperian) logarithm of 138 is 4.927254
log10(138) = 2.1398790864012 The decimal logarithm (base 10) of 138 is 2.139879
sin(138) = -0.22805225950086 The sine of 138 is -0.228052
cos(138) = 0.97364889304952 The cosine of 138 is 0.973649
tan(138) = -0.23422432986761 The tangent of 138 is -0.234224
Some random numbers


text:
Effect of maltodextrin as fat replacer on physico chemical properties of low fat dietetic kalakand
A study was conducted to use Maltodextrin as a fat replacer which being a carbohydrate, (very low in fat) is used for manufacturing dietetic kalakand. Three different levels of maltodextrin i.e. 1%, 2%, and 3% were used along with skim milk to manufacture kalakand. Skim milk and maltodextrin mixture were heated and partially coagulated by citric acid to get pat stage. Sugar @ 7% of milk is added along with Cardamom and Pista. The mixture was allowed to cool and set. It was cut and given shapes to get marketable kalakand. The product was analyzed for organoleptic attributes (colour and appearance, body and texture, flavour and taste and overall acceptability) by trained panelist using 9 point hedonic scale. Physicochemical (fat%, total solids%, acidity%, moisture content and yield%) and microbiological analysis (SPC, yeast and moulds, coliform) analysis were done for estimating its nutritional content and safety. Based on the statistical analysis of data obtained from various parameters using different percentage of maltodextrin, experimental treatments were found superior to control as far as organoleptic attributes are concern.
How to cite this article:
J David. Effect of maltodextrin as fat replacer on physico chemical properties of low fat dietetic kalakand. Pharma Innovation 2015;4(10):13-15.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
This report from UK NGO Sustain examines how a proposed trade deal between the UK and Brazil - on which discussions are still only in the early stages - might increase harm caused by pesticides. Pesticide regulations have weakened since Bolsonaro took power in 2019, with harm to environmental or human health no longer informing whether a pesticide should be approved for use.
The concerns raised by the report are:
- Food imported from Brazil may have higher levels of pesticide residues; since some pesticides used in Brazil are currently banned in the UK, UK pesticide regulations might be weakened to allow more food imports from Brazil.
- British farmers may come under pressure to use higher levels of pesticides to compete with Brazilian production.
- A trade deal could see increased exports of meat and soy from Brazil, potentially driving ecosystem destruction in Brazil as well as harm to people, e.g. from exposure to pesticides in drinking water or from aerial spraying.
- A trade deal could undermine recent UK commitments on food standards and deforestation.
Read the full report, Toxic trade: how a trade deal threatens to increase pesticide-related harms in the UK and Brazil, here. See also the TABLE explainer Food systems and contributions to other environmental problems.


text:
Aerial photographs of the Lower Illinois River Basin (LIRB) were taken
from a remote-controlled (R/C) helicopter with a camera suspended from a
remote-controlled camera rig. This was done to document the shape of LIRB
study unit stream reaches and to document and quantify the amount of woody
debris in the stream reaches. Woody debris is important because it
influences the flow of water, which affects the shape of the stream.
Woody debris also provides a habitat for fish and benthic
macroinvertebrates that are used as indicator species of water quality.
Personnel to contact about a specific subject are listed on the staff page.
U.S. Department of the Interior
U.S. Geological Survey
221 North Broadway, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
Last modified: 16:59 CST Wed 17 May 2000

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Surgical experience and different glove wearing conditions affect tactile sensibility
Tanita Man, Jun Jiang, Manuela Schulz, Haydar Kükrek, Julia Betzl, Hans Günther Machens, Holger C. Erne, Philipp Moog
Publikation: Beitrag in FachzeitschriftArtikelBegutachtung
Abstract
Background: The fingers' tactile sensibility is essential in surgery, especially in microsurgery. Therefore, surgeons seeking to improve their performance often prefer certain glove brands and wearing habits. There is the need of objectively testing these glove wearing conditions and determine the effect of surgical experience with regard to tactile sensibility by comparing surgeons with non-surgeons. Methods: This cross-sectional single-center pilot-study was conducted between June and August 2021. Two groups of 27 surgeons and 27 non-surgeons underwent two-point-discrimination (2PD) and Semmes-Weinstein monofilament testing (SWMT) of both index fingers with bare hands and with wearing six different brands of surgical gloves. Different wearing conditions, such as single-gloving, double-gloving, well-fitted, under- and oversized gloves, were evaluated within and between the groups. Results: Most glove types decreased tactile sensibility (2PD and SWMT) of surgeons and non-surgeons. Interestingly, the thinnest gloves showed similar 2PD values to bare hands in both groups. Double-gloving negatively impacted SWMT, without influencing 2PD. Undersized gloves showed better 2PD and SWMT than well-fitted gloves, while oversized gloves showed no tactile drawbacks. With bare hands and certain glove conditions, the surgeons' 2PD and SWMT was significantly better than the non-surgeons', indicating a positive effect of surgical experience on tactile sensibility. Conclusion: Our study demonstrated the positive impact of surgical experience on tactile sensibility, as demonstrated by the surgeons. The sensibility of the gloved hand varies on the surgical glove type, but favors thinner gloves, single gloving (rather than double gloving) and undersized or well-fitted gloves.
OriginalspracheEnglisch
Aufsatznummere12550
FachzeitschriftHeliyon
Jahrgang8
Ausgabenummer12
DOIs
PublikationsstatusVeröffentlicht - Dez. 2022
Extern publiziertJa
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text:
BY TIMOTHY EGGERT
Despite growing different crops and selling their products in contrasting markets, many issues facing French farmers align with challenges confronting American producers.
Those similarities were discussed Wednesday between a 12-member delegation made up of Illinois Farm Bureau members, staff and agribusiness representatives and Sénateur de l'Aisne Antoine Lefèvre during a meeting at Palais du Luxembourg.
Lefèvre, a three-term senator and member of the Republican Party, represents a rural area in the northern region of France, near the Belgium border.
Among the shared difficulties are government regulations around climate and pesticide use, maintaining competitiveness and profitability and connecting rural and urban communities.
"As farmers, we all have the same goal: to feed the world," Lefèvre said. "Feeding the world is crucial, and we need to make sure farmers and professionals have the support to do what they can do."
Much like American farmers, French farmers face pressure, and in some cases mandates, from the government and consumers to move toward environmentally-friendly farming practices.
That pressure, Lefèvre added, collides with a producer's ever-present bottom line.
"It's all about finding a sweet spot between sensible farming and conventional farming," Lefèvre said. "It's all about supporting farmers through that transition. We have to transition but that transition has to make sense economically."
IFB Vice President Brian Duncan echoed the same calculations presented by Lefèvre, explaining how Illinois farmers want the best for their operations, but have concerns about policies that limit ag practices.
Establishing relationships with farmers from across the Atlantic Ocean will enhance American producers' discussion of new and existing domestic ag policies, especially as officials draft the 2023 Farm Bill, Duncan said.
"We all do better when we learn from each other," Duncan said.
The IFB delegation on Thursday traveled to the Salon International de l'Agriculture, where it met with other international ag groups and officials.
This story was provided by FarmWeekNow.com.


text:
Fiber-Matrix Displacement during the Compressive Phase of Shock Loading
ARMY BALLISTIC RESEARCH LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
Pagination or Media Count:
Electromagnetic-gage type measurements were performed to determine fiber wire-matrix displacement during the compressive phase of shock loading. Fiber diameter and shock impedance were the variables investigated. The relative displacement was found to increase with the fiber diameter, but data for each fiber material could be well represented by a single curve if fiber diameter was used as the unit of relative displacement and shock transit time through the fiber diameter was used as the unit of time. Fibers attained the matrix velocity after a maximum, normalized relative displacement which varied linearly as the three-halves power of the shock impedance.
- Laminates and Composite Materials
- Miscellaneous Materials

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


event, the state_default is 0, and all users are considered to have power level 0. That means that any member of the room can send an m.room.power_levels event, changing the permissions in the room.
Server implementations should therefore ensure that each room has an m.room.power_levels event as soon as it is created. See also the documentation of the /createRoom API.
Content Key Type Description
ban integer The level required to ban a user. Defaults to 50 if unspecified.
events {string: integer} The level required to send specific event types. This is a mapping from event type to power level required.
events_default integer The default level required to send message events. Can be overridden by the events key. Defaults to 0 if unspecified.
invite integer The level required to invite a user. Defaults to 50 if unspecified.
kick integer The level required to kick a user. Defaults to 50 if unspecified.
redact integer The level required to redact an event. Defaults to 50 if unspecified.
state_default integer The default level required to send state events. Can be overridden by the events key. Defaults to 50 if unspecified.
users {string: integer} The power levels for specific users. This is a mapping from user_id to power level for that user.
users_default integer The default power level for every user in the room, unless their user_id is mentioned in the users key. Defaults to 0 if unspecified.
notifications Notifications The power level requirements for specific notification types. This is a mapping from key to power level for that notifications key.
Notifications
Notifications Key Type Description
room integer The level required to trigger an @room notification. Defaults to 50 if unspecified.
Example:
{
 "content": {
 "ban": 50,
 "events": {
 "m.room.name": 100,
 "m.room.power_levels": 100
 },
 "events_default": 0,
 "invite": 50,
 "kick": 50,
 "notifications": {
 "room": 20
 },
 "redact": 50,
 "state_default": 50,
 "users": {
 "@example:localhost": 100
 },
 "users_default": 0
 },
 "event_id": "$143273582443PhrSn:example.org",
 "origin_server_ts": 1432735824653,
 "room_id": "!jEsUZKDJdhlrceRyVU:example.org",
 "sender": "@example:example.org",
 "state_key": "",
 "type": "m.room.power_levels",
 "unsigned": {
 "age": 1234
 }
}
9.3.7 m.room.redaction
Message Event
Events can be redacted by either room or server admins. Redacting an event means that all keys not required by the protocol are stripped off, allowing admins to remove offensive or illegal content that may have been attached to any event. This cannot be undone, allowing server owners to physically delete the offending data. There is also a concept of a moderator hiding a message event, which can be undone, but cannot be applied to state events. The event that has been redacted is specified in the redacts event level key.
Content Key Type Description
reason string The reason for the redaction, if any.
Example:
{
 "content": {
 "reason": "Spamming"
 },
 "event_id": "$143273582443PhrSn:example.org",
 "origin_server_ts": 1432735824653,
 "redacts": "$fukweghifu23:localhost",
 "room_id": "!jEsUZKDJdhlrceRyVU:example.org",
 "sender": "@example:example.org",
 "type": "m.room.redaction",
 "unsigned": {
 "age": 1234
 }
}
9.4 Syncing
To read events, the intended flow of operation is for clients to first call the /sync API without a since parameter. This returns the most recent message events for each room, as well as the state of the room at the start of the returned timeline. The response also includes a next_batch field, which should be used as the value of the since parameter in the next call to /sync. Finally, the response includes, for each room, a prev_batch field, which can be passed as a start parameter to the /rooms/<room_id>/messages API to retrieve earlier messages.
You can visualise the range of events being returned as:
[E0]->[E1]->[E2]->[E3]->[E4]->[E5]
 ^ ^
 | |
 prev_batch: '1-2-3' next_batch: 'a-b-c'
Clients then receive new events by "long-polling" the homeserver via the /sync API, passing the value of the next_batch field from the response to the previous call as the since parameter. The client should also pass a timeout parameter. The server will then hold open the HTTP connection for a short period of time waiting for new events, returning early if an event occurs. Only the /sync API (and the deprecated /events API) support long-polling in this way.
The response for such an incremental sync can be visualised as:
[E0]->[E1]->[E2]->[E3]->[E4]->[E5]->[E6]
 ^ ^
 | |
 | next_batch: 'x-y-z'
 prev_batch: 'a-b-c'
Normally, all new events which are visible to the client will appear in the response to the /sync API. However, if a large number of events arrive between calls to /sync, a "limited" timeline is returned, containing only the most recent message events. A state "delta" is also returned, summarising any state changes in the omitted part of the timeline. The client may therefore end up with "gaps" in its knowledge of the message timeline. The client can fill these gaps using the /rooms/<room_id>/messages API. This situation looks like this:
 | gap |
 | <-> |
[E0]->[E1]->[E2]->[E3]->[E4]->[E5]->[E6]->[E7]->[E8]->[E9]->[E10]
 ^ ^
 | |
 prev_batch: 'd-e-f' next_batch: 'u-v-w'
Warning
Events are ordered in this API according to the arrival time of the event on the homeserver. This can conflict with other APIs which order events based on their partial ordering in the event graph. This can result in duplicate events being received (once per distinct API called). Clients SHOULD de-duplicate events based on the event ID when this happens.
Note
The /sync API returns a state list which is separate from the timeline. This state list allows clients to keep their model of the room state in sync with that on the server. In the case of an initial (since-less) sync, the state list represents the complete state of the room at the start of the returned timeline (so in the case of a recently-created room whose state fits entirely in the timeline, the state list will be empty).
In the case of an incremental sync, the state list gives a delta between the state of the room at the since parameter and that at the start of the returned timeline. (It will therefore be empty unless the timeline was limited.)
In both cases, it should be noted that the events returned in the state list did not necessarily take place just before the returned timeline, so clients should not display them to the user in the timeline.
Rationale
An early design of this specification made the state list represent the room state at the end of the returned timeline, instead of the start. This was unsatisfactory because it led to duplication of events between the state list and the timeline, but more importantly, it made it difficult for clients to show the timeline correctly.
In particular, consider a returned timeline [M0, S1, M2], where M0 and M2 are both messages sent by the same user, and S1 is a state event where that user changes their displayname. If the state list represents the room state at the end of the timeline, the client must take a copy of the state dictionary, and rewind S1, in order to correctly calculate the display name for M0.
9.4.1 GET /_matrix/client/r0/sync
Synchronise the client's state with the latest state on the server. Clients use this API when they first log in to get an initial snapshot of the state on the server, and then continue to call this API to get incremental deltas to the state, and to receive new messages.
Note: This endpoint supports lazy-loading. See Filtering for more information. Lazy-loading members is only supported on a StateFi


Custom Querystrings Are Being Rewritten
DNN's friendly URL rewriting feature turns all query strings into part of the base URL. By default, this includes things like tracking links.
For example:
Original URL:
Converted URL:
This may skew analytics data as this will be interpreted as a different page for Analytics services.
You can use the Keep in Querystring Regular Expression regex string to prevent URL rewriting from changing tracking query strings without modifying your existing URLs.
 1. Login as a portal administrator.
 2. Go to Settings > SEO > Url Management > Expressions
 3. Append the specific query string to the Keep in Querystring Regular Expression text box.
 For example:
 Note: If you need assistance with the Regular Expression, a site such as can help.
 4. Click Save.
You can test that the query strings are not being rewritten by AUM by accessing the URL with the query strings. If a user visits the site with a tracking link (e.g., DNN should not rewrite this URL to
Article is closed for comments.


text: Emergence of graphene-derived highly functional materials has transformed chemical and biological sensing. Several novel approaches utilizing chemical modification of graphene oxide (GO) were investigated and implemented using these materials in sensor fabrication for the detection of chemical analytes such as volatile organic compounds (VOC). The detection methods rely on using functionalization of modified graphene derivatives to target select analytes and produce a quantifiable, distinguishable electrical response. In this work, an in-house hydrothermal fluorination technique to synthesize fluorinated-GO (FGO) suspension was developed. The FGO material was drop coated in its solution phase onto interdigitated electrodes to create a chemiresistive gas sensor. An ultra-low-level detection of NH3 (~>2.26 ppm) was observed by the chemiresistive sensor which was extended to detect acetone and distinguish between their individual transient responses. The sensor system is fully integrated and miniaturized making it suitable for point-of-care, continuous health monitoring applications in exhaled breath testing.


text: Many organizations are currently becoming more environmentally friendly. Eco-efficiency maximizes the effectiveness of a business operation while reducing its impact on the environment; with the necessary skills, organizations can create more value while using less input. Prior empirical studies have suggested that firms engaging in eco-efficient activities are better valued than those without such activities. Therefore, this will enhance business efficiency and excellence. This study investigates the link between eco-efficiency, as environmental policy, and firm value in the United Kingdom (UK) for the period 1999 to 2008. We generate new insights into environmental–financial performance by using different definitions of the term 'eco-efficiency'. In the UK context our results support that eco-efficient firms have higher market values than those lacking environmental strategies. Hence, we recommend that firms become involved in environmental polices since the adoption of these polices will have a positive impact on firm value. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.


Next: , Previous: Statement Sequences, Up: Statements
11.7.4 Empty Statements
Whenever possible, statements with no effect are discarded. But if they are nested within another construct which cannot be discarded for some reason, they are instead replaced with an empty statement, generated by build_empty_stmt. Initially, all empty statements were shared, after the pattern of the Java front end, but this caused a lot of trouble in practice.
An empty statement is represented as (void)0.


text:
Main Article Content
Construction of gravel basket weir in waterways causes water accumulation in front of this porous structure less than solid weir. In the present study the upstream flow depth, water surface profile and discharge coefficient are investigated through laboratory experiments. Four different weir lengths (15, 20, 25 and 30 cm) and four different degrees of gravel coarseness (1.13, 1.58, 2.19 and 2.27) are studied. Accordingly, sixteen models are tested under different free flow conditions. Analysis of the results show that in "through flow" regime the increase in weir length raises the generated upstream depth for all coarseness degrees by 30% while coarseness lowers the depth by 28%. In "transition flow", however, doubling the length increases the flow depth by 7%, but increasing coarseness from 1.13 to 2.72 cm mean diameter causes 7% reduction in flow depth. The "overflow" regime begins to appear when the depth to length ratio equals 0.75 for long weir, and about 1.54 for shortest weir. A comparison between gravel basket weir and corresponding solid weir indicates that average depth reduction is 7.5% for coarseness of 1.13 cm and 9% for coarseness of 2.72 cm. Mathematical models for water depth prediction for the three flow regimes are presented. For "overflow" an empirical formula is proposed to estimate the coefficient of discharge with acceptable accuracy.


text:
Teaching Design Thinking to Create Change
Here at Nuru we like to highlight the good work that others are doing to put an end to global poverty. Designer Emily Pilloton moved to rural Bertie County, in North Carolina, to engage in a bold experiment of design-led community transformation. She's teaching a design-build class called Studio H that engages high schoolers' minds and bodies while bringing smart design and new opportunities to the poorest county in the state. To read more about her experiences check out the blog Design Mind.
Emily Pilloton is the author of Design Revolution, a book about 100-plus objects and systems designed to make people's lives better. The book features products like the Hippo Water Roller, a rolling barrel with handle that eases water transport; AdSpecs, adjustable liquid-filled eyeglasses; and Learning Landscapes, low-cost playgrounds that mesh math skills and physical activity.


text:
When you fly service from one location to another, there's a good chance that the exact plane flew the exact trip just the day before. Sometimes this occurs multiple times per day!
Many people know this fact, but fewer know exactly how many flights the average commercial plane flies per day. I'll admit fully that I didn't either. So I did what any good travel journalist would do — I researched it.
It didn't take a long of time — I went to high school with someone who is now involved in aircraft maintenance and repair. I simply asked him the question and then looked up what industry practices were. With data in hand, I'm happy to share how many flights a commercial plane can fly per day.
There are no hard rules about how many flights a commercial plane can fly per day — an airplane can operate for 24 hours straight if necessary. The main limitation then is the planned route, the availability of the crew, delays, and scheduled services such as changing oil and tires. In practice, a commercial aircraft generally makes a maximum of 4 flights per day.
To understand more about the stated limitations, keep reading. We're doing a deep dive on each one to give you a better idea of what's possible.
Usually, an airplane's main limitation is the number of scheduled routes that an airline has planned. Airlines generally won't put aircraft in the air without passengers on them, so this aspect depends entirely on scheduling and travel demand on a given day.
To illustrate this, let's take a look at the schedule of an aircraft for the last few days:
Here's an aircraft owned by United Airlines. As you can see, it travels to many destinations but limits itself to a maximum of 4 flights per day over a 4 day period. After spot checking other flights, this appears to be the norm.
If it were profitable to fly more than that, I'm sure that United would put those planes in the air. However, they have to have enough aircraft to accommodate their busiest times of the year. During not-so-busy times, the airplanes stay put.
While there's no hard limit about how many hours per day an aircraft can run, there are limits about how long a given crew can operate.
The number of hours a pilot can fly per day is a function of when they start work and how many other pilots are on the flight. If there is only one pilot on the airplane, their maximum flight time is between 8 and 9 hours depending on the time of day their day began. This number increases as more pilots are added.
For convenience, we've added a handy table with this information.
|Number of Pilots
|Maximum Allowed Flight Time
It's worth calling out that an airplane could run for longer by simply switching out the crew between one flight and another. This happens often, as many flights completely change crews between destinations.
However, there's one aspect of airplane limitations that won't be as easily mitigated.
Each aircraft has federally mandated requirements for how often they are serviced. How often this schedule occurs ultimately contributes to how many flights it can run in a given day.
While each aircraft will have its own separate mechanical needs, the federal government helps develop a service schedule based on several factors. These broad regulations can be divided into three distinct buckets:
- 14 CFR 91: General aviation propeller airplanes (not for hire).
- 14 CFR 121: Larger air carriers such as Delta and United.
- 14 CFR 135: Smaller for-hire operations with 9 passengers or less.
The regulations that generally impact how many flights a commercial airplane can fly per day are the ones detailed in 14 CFR 121. Those maintenance requirements reflect a combination of what the manufacturer of the airplane suggests and what the air carrier finds necessary.
The FAA must approve the proposed maintenance program of each aircraft before allowing the company to operate as an air carrier.
Additionally, each air carrier will have its own guidelines about how to maintain the aircraft in its fleet. For example, Allegiant requires a basic service check every 72 hours in order to classify a plane as airworthy.
Delays are also a constant but unpredictable limitation of how many flights a commercial airplane can make on a given day.
Just look at the hard data here — between 10% and 22% of flights are delayed per year, depending on the year. Another 1-3% are canceled completely!
Those are huge numbers when considering how many connections provide as little as 40 minutes to get to the next gate.
Airlines know that delays are going to happen. However, since flights are sometimes booked months in advance, there's no way to predict where they'll occur. With the weather being one of the most common reasons for travel delays, this makes intuitive sense. When's the last time you saw a weather report that was accurate more than a couple of days out?
Because of this, they add an amount of leeway in their scheduling. This is a complicated science and air carriers are constantly refining this process. But it results in airplanes often sitting on the ground, as it's not feasible to schedule flights at 100% plane utilization.
Should You Worry About a Plane That Flies Often?
One common question I've heard from people nervous about flying is whether or not they should worry when flying on a high-utilization plane. In other words, is an airplane more likely to have problems if it's used frequently?
Although we don't yet have hard data about plane malfunctions, given the low absolute number of plane crashes, this fear is unfounded. Additionally, I would be more concerned about the plane that rarely leaves the hanger than the one that regularly demonstrates its ability in the air.
With that being said, commercial air travel is safer than it's ever been. It's much more dangerous to go on a road trip than it is to get on a commercial aircraft.


text:
Publication: Research - peer-review › Journal article – Annual report year: 2010
We present a short overview of the influence of inter-particle interactions on the properties of magnetic nanoparticles. Strong magnetic dipole interactions between ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic particles, that would be superparamagnetic if isolated, can result in a collective state of nanoparticles. This collective state has many similarities to spin-glasses. In samples of aggregated magnetic nanoparticles, exchange interactions are often important and this can also lead to a strong suppression of superparamagnetic relaxation. The temperature dependence of the order parameter in samples of strongly interacting hematite nanoparticles or goethite grains is well described by a simple mean field model. Exchange interactions between nanoparticles with different orientations of the easy axes can also result in a rotation of the sub-lattice magnetization directions.
|Citations||Web of Science® Times Cited: 77|


text:
Door / Window Open Sensor with Ajax DoorProtect Plus Black Impact and Tilt Sensor
Ajax DoorProtect Plus wireless magnetic door / window opening sensor with shock and tilt sensor is designed to detect the opening of doors, windows, etc. The sensor responds to opening, changing the angle of inclination and shock (sensitivity level is adjustable). An external wired sensor with contact type NC can be connected to DoorProtect Plus using a remote terminal.
Structurally, the sensor consists of two parts - a magnet and a unit with a reed switch. There are two options for the magnet - for parallel (large magnet) and perpendicular (small magnet) installation. The principle of operation of the opening sensor is based on the properties of the reed switch - an element that can become a conductor under the influence of a magnetic field. In normal condition, the magnet and the reed unit are closed. As soon as the door on which the sensor is installed opens, the magnet moves away from the reed switch, the contacts open and the reed switch ceases to conduct current. When the door is closed, reverse processes occur: the magnet approaches the reed switch, the contacts close and the reed switch begins to conduct current. In both cases, the sensor is triggered and instantly sends an alarm message to the central unit. An English reed switch is installed in the sensor, which does not stick and processes more than a million shorts / openings.
The tilt sensor integrated in the sensor detects the deviation of the device in the vertical plane by more than 5 °. DoorProtect Plus is installed on any window, including dormers. Its presence allows you to arm the system when the windows are open for ventilation (it is necessary to disable the magnetic sensor in the settings).
The sensor is equipped with an effective wireless radio communication system that uses message encryption and protection against forgery and jamming. This provides excellent security for alarms from hacking attempts. In addition, the sensor has an ultramodern highly reliable communication system that allows it to operate successfully within several floors of the building or at a distance of up to 1000 m in an open area from the central alarm unit.
The DoorProtect Plus sensor works only with the Ajax security system hub; connection to third-party security systems via the uartBridge or ocBridge Plus modules is not provided.
Magnet power is enough to install sensor modules with a mixture of up to 2 cm, so this wireless opening sensor can be used to protect any object: from apartments to industrial premises. An advantage of the sensor is its convenient and extremely easy independent installation using smart mounts; for installation, the user does not need to disassemble the case.
The sensor is easy to install and configure without special knowledge;
Mounting the sensor using smart mounts is convenient and will not damage the repair;
The sensor regularly transmits test signals to the central unit, and the polling period of the sensors can be adjusted at your own discretion. If the sensor is attempted to be stolen or broken, the central security system will immediately know about it and will give an alarm;
For reliable control of the alarm operation, the sensor regularly transmits a signal about the discharge of its battery to the central unit, the user will be notified in a timely manner of the need to replace the battery in the sensor;
The information transmitted by the sensor is protected from interception and attempted substitution;
The maximum distance between the sensor and the central unit is 1000 m in direct visibility;
The sensor uses a general-purpose frequency of 868 MHz for signal transmission, which does not require a license for use;
Adaptive adjustment of the transmission power, depending on the distance to the central unit, allows you to consume less battery power;
The threshold of the sensor reed switch is 2 cm (large magnet) / 1 cm (small magnet);
Adjustable tilt sensor threshold - more than 5 °;
Adjustable shock sensitivity (3 levels);
The function of skipping the first blow;
Implemented the ability to connect an additional wire sensor to the terminal block;
Sensor housing protected by tamper;
Thanks to a special energy-saving algorithm, the sensor runs on a CR123A battery for up to 5 years.


text:
RTTP applicants should apply and pay directly through the ATTP website: _URL_ by providing documentation which evidences the three requirements below:
1. KE/KT/TT Experience
You must be able to demonstrate that you have been in a relevant role for at least three years.
To be eligible to apply for RTTP, you must submit a CV showing you have been in the KE/KT/TT profession or in a role using similar skills for at least 3 years and be a Member of an Alliance Association (listed on home page).
2. KE/KT/TT KEY SKILLS
You must be able to demonstrate that you have gained the key skills required to be effective and to perform your role independently
This is demonstrated by:
EITHER: 60 RTTP CE points achieved in accredited KE/KT/TT training programmes, meeting development needs (with at least 45 points received in relevant face to face training – i.e. not via conferences or webinars)
(This route provides the most straightforward and rapid assessment)
At least two of the following:
(These routes require more complex assessment and evidence and therefore may take longer to process)
You must be able to demonstrate that you have applied your knowledge and skills to lead a complex KE/TT project
This is achieved through a 1000 word Achievement Overview which is endorsed by your manager and submitted for assessment by your peers. The Achievement Overview can describe one or more of the following:
RTTP applicants should describe their skills and achievements relevant to these five competencies. These core competencies have been developed in collaboration with existing national frameworks in several key countries. The core competencies assessed for RTTP are:


The system lexicon files for Japanese and Chinese are named droldxx.dat drolkxx.dat, and drolixx.dat, where xx is either JA (for Japanese) or ZH (for Chinese). Rename the three new files and copy them to the directory containing the system Japanese lexicon.
% mv drold.dat droldJA.dat
% mv drolk.dat drolkJA.dat
% mv droli.dat droliJA.dat
% cp *dat $ORACLE_HOME/ctx/data/jalx
This replaces the system Japanese lexicon with one that is a merge of the old system lexicon and your wordlist from jadict.txt.
You can also use ctxlc to get a dump of a system lexicon. This example dumps the Chinese lexicon to a file called new_chinese_dict.txt in the current directory:
% ctxlc -zh -ocs UTF8 > new_chinese_dict.txt
This creates a file, new_japanese.dict.txt, using the UTF8 character set, in the current directory.


text:
Records of Bangor Borough Council, _PHONE_, including Clerk's department records, _PHONE_; Surveyor and Engineer's department records, _PHONE_; Treasurer's department records, _PHONE_; cemetery records, _PHONE_; Bangor Water and Gas Company records, _PHONE_; Bangor and Beaumaris Union poor rate books, 1914; Acts of Parliament and byelaws, _PHONE_; deeds, _PHONE_; minute books, _PHONE_; Penrhyn Hall records, _PHONE_; miscellaneous, 1908-[c. 1973]; photographs of Bangor mayors, -; photographs, [c. 1900]-1949.
Bangor Borough Council Records
- This material is held at
- ReferenceGB 219 XB/9
- Dates of Creation1819-1974
- Name of Creator
- Language of MaterialEnglish
- Physical DescriptionInformation to be supplied
Scope and Content
Administrative / Biographical History
Bangor Borough Council, Caernarfonshire, was formed in 1883 under the provisions of the Municipal Corporations Act 1835. Bangor Burial Board had been established in 1859, and maintained the cemetery until Bangor Borough Council took over in 1899. The Bangor Water and Gas Company was founded in 1853 as the Bangor Waterworks Company and merged the following year with the Bangor Gas and Coke Company. It was bought by Bangor Local Board of Health in 1878 and run as a public utility until its functions were assumed by the new Bangor Council in 1883. In 1974, following the Local Government Act 1972, the Borough Council was abolished and became part of Arfon Borough Council.
Arranged into the following: Clerk's Department records; Surveyor and Engineer's Department records; Treasurer's Department records; Town Clerk's Department, cemetery records; Bangor Water and Gas Company records, _PHONE_; Poor Rate Books, Bangoe and Beaumaris Union, 1914; Acts of Parliament and Byelaws; Deeds; Town Clerk's Department records; Borough Accountant/ City Treasurer's Department records; Minute books; General; Penrhyn Hall records; and Bangor Borough Council photograph collection.
Source not recorded
Compiled by Richard Burman for the ANW project. The following source was used to compile this description: Caernarfon Record Office, Cofnodion Cyngor Bwrdeistref Bangor, _PHONE_/ Bangor Borough Council Records catalogue.
Other Finding Aids
Hard copies of the catalogue are available in Caernarfon Record Office and the National Library of Wales. The catalogue is available online.
Conditions Governing Use
Usual copyright regulations apply.
All records deposited at Caernarfon Record Office have been retained.
Accruals are not expected


text:
Water Clan Petroglyph Hopi Pendant, by Berra Tawahongva
Berra bases the designs of many of his pendants on petroglyphs and rock art of the Hopi Mesas; this one is a special example of the importance of clouds, rain, and the growth of crops.
- 2 inches length
- 1 inch at widest
- bale opening 1/4 inch at widest
Berra Tawahongva, Hopi, Arizona


Oree's 'Never Back Down' jazz opera explores 1851 Christiana riot
Posted: April 28, 2011
Despite a keen interest in African American history, Warren Oree had never heard of the violent standoff that came to be known as the Christiana riot. Then Oree came upon a two-sentence summary of the 1851 confrontation, which involved three escaped slaves, a strong-willed free black man, and a slave owner intent on retrieving his property. That was enough to spark the bassist/composer's curiosity.
"I don't knock the Underground Railroad," Oree says, "but for too long African Americans have been pictured as either running away or cowering, and that's not a true picture. You had many instances of slave revolt and rebellion that have been swept under the rug for various reasons. So when I heard about the Christiana resistance, I thought, 'Man, I've got to write about this.' And I figured I'd do it in a way that can be entertaining, a little different, and informative."
The result is Never Back Down, a jazz opera that premiered in July 2009 at Philadelphia's historic Cliveden house. Oree, a 62-year-old city native, wrote the piece under a grant from the Greater Philadelphia Tourism Marketing Corp. as part of its Quest for Freedom program promoting the city's Underground Railroad history.
At just more than an hour, Never Back Down is performed in a concert setting, allowing a balance between the jazz and operatic components. Beyond performing their parts, singers are called on to engage with the instrumental soloists.
"I put the structure of jazz first and put opera on top of that," Oree says, "as opposed to trying to put jazz on top of the operatic structure. I'm keeping it minimal. I asked the actors to dress all in black so the audience can hopefully fill in the blanks and visualize what they would have looked like in 1851."
Never Back Down will have its second performance Sunday at the Philadelphia Clef Club of Jazz and Performing Arts, funded in part by a grant from the William King Foundation. In addition to an expanded version of the opera, the event will feature performances by the Clef Club Youth Ensemble and four area poets whom Oree commissioned to pen works exploring the theme of slave resistance.
Four singers will portray the key characters in the tale, which played out in Christiana, Lancaster County, on Sept. 11, 1851 - 150 years to the day before another historic U.S. tragedy. While the Christiana riot did not alter the national landscape to the same extent as the 9/11 attacks, the event prefigured the Civil War, with tensions erupting between African Americans striving for freedom and landowners contending to maintain the status quo.
(Although Pennsylvania nominally became a free state in 1780, about 6,000 slaves remained, and by law their children, even if born in the state, could be slaves until age 28. Although Christiana was north of the Mason-Dixon Line, the uprising, and the death of slave owner Edward Gorsuch, angered Southern landowners, who called for the hanging of those responsible.)
"It started out as a small, local case," says Leslie Simon, operations director at the National Archives at Philadelphia, who aided Oree in his research. "But it became very widely known and served as a rallying cry. It stirred up all sorts of emotions and became polarizing."
A year after the passage of the Fugitive Slave Act, a federal law mandating the return of runaway slaves to their owners, Gorsuch, a Baltimore planter, arrived on the doorstep of William Parker, a freed slave who had become a conductor on the Underground Railroad and organized groups to fight off slave hunters in the region. Gorsuch, leading a party of armed men, was seeking the return of three runaway slaves. The ensuing clash left him dead and his son wounded.
Roy Richardson sings the part of Parker. "He was a fighter, first of all," Richardson says. "He had all the qualities of a natural leader. He stood up for himself no matter what the cost, so it's a very strong image that needs to be portrayed. It's a lot to live up to."
It's no surprise that Oree found some resonance in the story of Parker and the Christiana riot. A born leader of sorts himself, Oree came to music relatively late in life after a troubled youth. He formed his signature group, the Arpeggio Jazz Ensemble, in 1979; it remains the core of his every musical endeavor.
Supplemented by additional horns, violin, and piano, the quintet (Oree, saxophonist Umar Raheem, percussionist Doug "Pablow" Edwards, guitarist Frank Butrey, and drummer Greg "Ju Ju" Jones, a member since the beginning) serves as the band for the opera. Expanded even further, it becomes the Philadelphia Freedom Jazz Orchestra, Oree's big band, which will perform Friday night at the Philadelphia Museum of Art. Pared down to just Oree, Raheem, and Jones, it becomes the Arpeggio Jazz Trio, which will perform May 13 as part of the monthly Lucky Old Souls series at Moonstone Arts Center.
The Philadelphia Freedom Jazz Orchestra made its debut at last year's West Oak Lane Jazz and Arts Festival, for which Oree has served as artistic director throughout its eight years. (This year, it is scheduled June 17 to 19.)
"That was a dream of mine for a long time," Oree says of the big band. "So, as I do sometimes, I put the orchestra together impulsively. The name has a double meaning, referring to the whole Philly freedom thing but also the fact that I wanted the musicians to have freedom. I handpicked courageous, crazy cats who aren't scared to step off the charts and make their statement."
No matter the context, one constant when Oree takes the stage is a dynamic engagement with his audience. That may involve simply relating the story behind a piece of music, taking suggestions from the crowd for a bit of spontaneous composition, or, in the case of Never Back Down, encouraging audience members to place themselves in the characters' situation. Regardless of subject - even one as difficult as slavery - he sees music as a powerful means of communication.
"Music seems to have the power to help people retain," he says. "A perfect example is rap music. You have kids who can't remember two times two, but they will quote everything that Biggie Smalls or Nas or Lil Wayne is saying and can talk about it. So it's easier to listen to history with a musical accompaniment as opposed to someone just yapping. Throughout the years, music has been shown to be a powerful force for change. People make war or love with music."
A Jazz Opera and a Jazz Orchestra
"Never Back Down" will be presented at 3 p.m. Sunday at the Philadelphia Clef Club of Jazz and Performing Arts, Broad and Fitzwater Streets. Tickets are free. Information: _PHONE_ or www.lifelinemusic coalition.com
The Philadelphia Freedom Jazz Orchestra will play at 5 p.m. Friday at the Philadelphia Museum of Art, 26th Street and the Parkway. Tickets are free with $16 museum admission. Information: _PHONE_ or _URL_
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Bosch Dishwasher Settings Explained
Written by: Settings King
Last updated:
Bosch Dishwasher Settings Explained
Having trouble making sense of the numerous settings on your Bosch dishwasher? In this blog post, we will explore and demystify each setting to help you fully understand your appliance's capabilities. Dive in as we break down the various washing cycles, special features, and customizable options to ensure your dishes come out spotless and perfectly dry every time.
This blog post provides a clear and comprehensive explanation of Bosch dishwasher settings, helping you understand various washing cycles, special features, and customizable options to optimize the performance and efficiency of your appliance for perfectly clean and dry dishes.
Bosch Dishwasher Cycles
Understanding the various dishwasher settings is crucial for optimizing rinsing and cleaning performance. Bosch dishwashers boast a range of washing cycles to cater to different dishwashing requirements. In this section, we'll look at the most commonly used dishwasher settings and their purposes.
Auto Cycle
This smart cycle uses built-in sensors to assess the level of soil on your dishes and automatically adjusts the temperature, duration, and water usage accordingly. This is perfect for mixed loads, as it provides an optimal mix of efficiency and cleaning performance.
Intensive Cycle
Designed for heavily soiled pots and pans, the Intensive cycle operates at higher temperatures and increased water pressure to effectively remove burnt-on food and grease. While this dishwasher setting does consume more water and energy, it's perfect for intensive cleaning.
Additional Features and Options
Bosch dishwashers come equipped with a variety of additional features and customization options to enhance their functionality and user convenience. Let's explore some of the most popular features available in these appliances.
Half Load Option
If you need to wash a small load of dishes, Bosch offers a Half Load option that significantly reduces water and energy consumption. This feature is perfect for users who want to run their dishwasher more frequently without wasting resources.
VarioSpeed / SpeedPerfect
This option speeds up the dishwasher cycle time by increasing the water pressure, allowing you to clean and dry your dishes up to 50% faster. Ideal for when you need sparkling clean dishes in a hurry without any compromise on the cleaning result.
Extra Dry
Extra Dry is a special cycle enhancement designed to improve the drying capabilities of your dishwasher by increasing the drying time and temperature. This is particularly useful for ensuring your plastic items come out of the dishwasher completely dry and ready to use.
Maintenance-Related Settings
Your Bosch dishwasher also includes several settings to help maintain your appliance's optimal performance and ensure its longevity. Regular maintenance can prevent issues such as buildup or reduced efficiency and keep your dishwasher running smoothly.
Machine Care
Machine Care is a dedicated cycle designed to clean and freshen your dishwasher by removing grease and limescale buildup, usually caused by hard water. Running this program monthly helps to maintain your appliance in top condition.
Rinse Aid Indicator
The Rinse Aid Indicator monitors your dishwasher's rinse aid levels and alerts you when it's time to refill. Proper rinse aid usage helps dishes dry faster and prevents water spots, ensuring consistently clean and shiny dishes.
Adjustable Upper Rack
An adjustable upper rack allows you to customize the space within your dishwasher to accommodate larger pots, glassware, or extra-large plates. This feature enhances your dishwasher's versatility and ensures efficient use of space.
With a clear understanding of the various Bosch dishwasher settings, you can now optimize each cycle, ensuring your dishes are always clean and dry. These smart features help you save time, water, and energy, making your dishwasher experience more enjoyable and effective.
Choosing the Right Detergent
For optimal dishwasher performance, it's essential to use the right detergent. Bosch dishwashers are compatible with a variety of detergent types, including tablets, powder, and gel. However, most users find that dishwasher tablets offer the best cleaning performance and convenience, as they typically contain a combination of detergent, rinse aid, and dishwasher salt, which improves cleaning efficiency.
Always follow the manufacturer's recommendations on detergent types and amounts for the best results and maintenance of your dishwasher.
Eco-Friendly Dishwashing
By choosing the right dishwasher settings, you not only optimize the cleaning performance but also contribute to a sustainable environment. Bosch dishwashers are designed to be energy-efficient while providing top-notch cleaning results. The Eco Cycle, for instance, uses less water and energy, making it perfect for an environmentally conscious household.
With a Bosch dishwasher, you can trust that your appliance is designed to conserve resources and reduce harmful emissions.
Expert Tips from Settings King
As enthusiasts passionate about technology settings, our team at Settings King always aims to offer helpful tips and guidance to our readers. With a Bosch dishwasher, it's all about finding the right balance between cleaning performance and resource usage. Here are some of our quick tips to help you get the most out of your Bosch dishwasher:
 - Load your dishes properly, avoiding overcrowding and ensuring proper water circulation for optimal cleaning.
 - Regularly clean the filter and spray arms to prevent buildup and maintain your dishwasher's efficiency.
 - Run your dishwasher during off-peak hours, if possible, to save on energy costs.
 - For maintenance and troubleshooting assistance, consult the appliance manual or reach out to Bosch's customer support.
With these tips and a thorough understanding of your Bosch dishwasher settings, you're well-equipped to make the most of your appliance. And remember, Settings King is here to help you navigate the world of technology settings, ensuring your devices are optimized and tailored to your needs – for consistent, satisfying results every time.
FAQ: Frequently Asked Questions
After reading our Bosch Dishwasher Settings Explained blog post, you might have a few questions about your appliance. We've compiled a list of frequently asked questions and answers to address some common concerns and provide clarity to our readers.
What is the best cycle for daily use?
The Auto cycle is the best choice for everyday use, as it automatically adjusts the temperature, duration, and water usage based on the soil level of your dishes. This setting provides efficient cleaning and is suitable for mixed loads.
How often should I use the Machine Care program?
To maintain your dishwasher's performance and prevent buildup, it's recommended to run the Machine Care program once a month. This ensures your appliance remains clean, fresh, and efficient.
Is it necessary to use rinse aid for my Bosch dishwasher?
While your dishwasher can function without rinse aid, using it improves drying performance and helps prevent water spots on your glassware. The Rinse Aid Indicator in Bosch dishwashers will notify you when it's time to refill.
How can I speed up my dishwasher's cycle time?
To reduce your dishwasher's cycle time, use the VarioSpeed or SpeedPerfect option, which increases water pressure to accelerate the cycle. This feature allows for cleaning and drying up to 50% faster without compromising on performance.
When should I use the Extra Dry setting?
Use the Extra Dry setting when you have plastic items or difficult-to-dry dishes that need an enhanced drying performance. This option increases the drying time and temperature, ensuring your items come out completely dry.
Bill Whitman from Settings King
I'm Bill Whitman, a tech entrepreneur who's spent over 20 years navigating the often complex and fast-paced world of technology. My passion is simplifying these complexities, particularly when it comes to the often overlooked yet crucial aspect of device settings. I understand how overwhelming technology can be, and that's why I'm dedicated to making it more accessible and easy-to-understand for you through SettingsKing.com.
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text:
In This Section
APIFED (Appui à l'autopromotion et l'insertion des femmes, des jeunes et des désœuvrés)
APIFED are located in Djoum, Cameroon and works with local and indigenous communities mostly in the region of Djoum. RFUK's partnership with APIFED began in 2014 and together we are working on the following issues:
- Participatory Mapping
- Land and Resource Rights of Forest Peoples
- Processes related to and planning (zoning land reform)
APIFED aims to contribute to improving the socio-economic position of vulnerable groups.


text: Enterococcus faecium is a commensal of the human gastrointestinal tract and a frequent cause of bloodstream infections in hospitalized patients. Here, we identify genes that contribute to growth of E. faecium in human serum. We first sequenced the genome of E. faecium E745, a vancomycin-resistant clinical isolate, to completion and then compared its transcriptome during exponential growth in rich medium and in human serum by RNA-seq. This analysis revealed that 27.8% of genes on the E. faecium E745 genome were differentially expressed in these two conditions. A gene cluster with a role in purine biosynthesis was among the most upregulated genes in E. faecium E745 upon growth in serum. A high-throughput transposon sequencing (Tn-seq) approach was used to identify conditionally essential genes in E. faecium E745 during growth in serum. Genes involved in de novo nucleotide biosysnthesis (including pyrK_2, pyrF, purD, purH) and a gene encoding a phosphotransferase system subunit (manY_2) were thus identified to be contributing to E. faecium growth in human serum. Transposon mutants in pyrK_2, pyrF, purD, purH and manY_2 were isolated from the library and their impaired growth in human serum was confirmed. In addition, the pyrK_2 and manY_2 mutants also exhibited significantly attenuated virulence in an intravenous zebrafish infection model. We conclude that genes involved in carbohydrate and nucleotide metabolism of E. faecium are essential for growth in human serum and contribute to the pathogenesis of this organism.


text:
The book Symbian OS C++ for Mobile Phones describes a SMS GDP receiving program in chapter 20 "GDP Implementations". I donwloaded an example code from _URL_ -> gdp + readme.
When compiling, the following header files are missing:
I'm using S60.
1. can this example be compiled on S60?
2. where are those files, and why are they missing?
I'm trying to implement a SMS receiving application that:
runs on the background all the time
receives SMSs with a unique pattern
and redirects them to a custom viewer.
3. is this possible? can I run a custom SMS receiving process on the background all the time?
4. if yes, what type it should be? an EXE, APP, DLL, etc.?
5. can I use the GDP SMS receiving code on a background process on S60?
or is there another/better way to do this on S60?


Laser-enhanced oxidation of Si
I W Boyd
Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review
43 Citations (Scopus)
Abstract
A scanning cw argon ion laser has been used to rapidly heat Si in a fixed oxygen atmosphere to produce thin oxide layers on the surface. Analysis of the growth rate of these films reveals an enhancement over the normal thermal equilibrium rate of oxidation for silicon dioxide layers grown by furnace in the temperature range _PHONE_°C, and is thought to be a result of the photoionizing effect of the band-gap photon flux. A simple model incorporating this characteristic is shown to qualitatively agree with the experimental results, and clearly indicates the importance of the density of broken Si-Si bonds in the oxidation reaction.
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)728-730
Number of pages3
JournalApplied Physics Letters
Volume42
Issue number8
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 1983
Fingerprint
Dive into the research topics of 'Laser-enhanced oxidation of Si'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Cite this


text:
Accident statistics indicate that postcrash fire is one of the most serious threats to human life in aircraft crashes. It is also a serious threat in automotive crashes. Several methods are available to reduce this hazard. The simplest and most effective method is through control of the fuel spillage.
Aircraft crash testing has shown that fuel systems incorporating tough, flexible fuel tanks that are smooth in contour, free from rigid attachments, and mated with flexible fluid lines are capable of preventing fuel spillage during crashes involving decelerative loading above the human survival range.


Batch query plan export
Before upgrading to a new Vertica version, you might want to use directed queries to save query plans for possible reuse in the new database.
Before upgrading to a new Vertica version, you might want to use directed queries to save query plans for possible reuse in the new database. You cannot predict which query plans are likely candidates for reuse, so you probably want to save query plans for many, or all, database queries. However, you run hundreds of queries each day. Saving query plans for each one to the database catalog through repetitive calls to CREATE DIRECTED QUERY is impractical. Moreover, doing so can significantly increase catalog size and possibly impact performance.
In this case, you can bypass the database catalog and batch export query plans as directed queries to an external SQL file. By offloading query plan storage, you can save any number of query plans from the current database without impacting catalog size and performance. After the upgrade, you can decide which query plans you wish to retain in the new database, and selectively import the corresponding directed queries.
Vertica provides a set of meta-functions that support this approach:
 - EXPORT_DIRECTED_QUERIES generates query plans from a set of input queries, and writes SQL for creating directed queries that encapsulate those plans.
 - IMPORT_DIRECTED_QUERIES imports directed queries to the database catalog from a SQL file that was generated by EXPORT_DIRECTED_QUERIES.


FollowSteph Follow Steph as he posts Blog Blazer Friday
How Variable Naming Can Significantly Impact Your Teams Productivity
How Variable Naming Can Significantly Impact Your Teams Productivity
What does kunnr mean? Anybody? If you've worked with SAP than you might know but to everyone else good luck. What about rqnb? Does it mean anything to you? Isn't it obvious to you that rqnb represents a request number? Seriously though, why do people name their variables so cryptically?
Think about it a little, how much easier would the code be if the variable was named requestNumber instead of rqnb? And for those of you who think it will save a few keystrokes, hence make your typing faster, remember that each time you use the variable you have to remember how to abbreviate it. With one variable it's not so bad, but when you have dozens, you're always looking up the different variable names.
Still don't believe me that it makes a large difference, tell me what the code example below does (ignoring all exception handling):
public static void chPd(uId, oP, nP)
 Usr u = UsrDB.getPrf(uId);
 u.chPd(oP, nP));
You might have a chance with that one because it's similar to the Unix/Linux command line tools. But what about the following more complex case:
function clcMtPy($mtAmt, $ct, $intRt, $nPt)
 $mInt = clcMtInt($ct, $intRt);
 $mPym = $mtAmt * $mInt;
 if($mPym > 0)
 $mPym = $mPym / (1 - pow((1 + $mInt), - ($nPt)));
 return $mPym;
How easy was that to read? You probably didn't get the meaning of what's happening in the first pass, or even the nth pass. And nor should you. But that's how a lot of code is written. What if instead it was written as:
function calculateMonthlyPayment($mortgageAmount, $country, $interestRate, $numberOfPayments)
 $monthlyInterest = monthlyInterest($country, $interestRate);
 $monthlyPayment = $mortgageAmount * $monthlyInterest;
 if($monthlyPayment > 0)
 $monthlyPayment = $monthlyPayment / (1 - pow((1 + $monthlyInterest), - ($numberOfPayments)));
 return $monthlyPayment;
How much easier is that to understand? Sure in the cryptic example, once you get a good handle on what's going on it makes sense, but how long did it take compared to the last example. And How many times did you have to re-remember which variable represented what?
Isn't the last example much much friendlier? Couldn't almost anyone jump in and understand right away. How much time is spent in the first two examples just understanding what's what? And that's with abbreviated names, what if I had just used one letter variables? Don't get me started on that. Ever try to search for instances of a variable that's one letter? Try searching for the variable "u" (used in the first example) on this webpage. How many hits did you get before you found it? Good luck with that!
By the way, this code is actually a real life snippet of code from our free real estate analyzer. Although our main LandlordMax application is written in Java (Swing), the free real estate property analyzer is written in PHP. Not that it really matters, this code isn't really language dependent. (And please note that I've removed all code dealing with currency and doubles for clarity).
In any case, all this to say be careful when you name your variables. Don't think in the now, think beyond. Think about tomorow and the next person. Make everyone's lives easier. Yes it might make your code more verbose, but it also makes it readable! It's well worth the cost.
Like this article?
 - Barend
 · August 14th, 2008 · 8:00 am · Permalink
 I have to agree. For the guys that are worried about the longer time taken in coding, why not just do a Ctrl-H on each of the shortened variable names after you're happy the code works, just replace the short ones with names that makes sense, and the next person that has to work on the code will be so much more productive.
 - Ben
 · August 15th, 2008 · 10:16 am · Permalink
 Completely agree. Standards are important, especially when working with a team. I like our team to code in very similar ways so that when we open another's code it's like looking at something we ourselves would write. This includes: var naming, denoting scope (_privateVar), organization of variables and methods, commenting properly, # of tabs, and so on.
 I'm working on living documents at work right now that define our standards for our development as a whole. Agreed upon folder naming structures for deploying websites, file-naming, deploying via subversion and what-not. What you name things is important and often required (in the case of say working with a framework).
 - Owen
 · August 15th, 2008 · 11:26 am · Permalink
 I agree, its not just the case with PHP but most languages. Its so much easier to read words rather than try to decrypt some one else's acronyms. I try to not use abbreviations but, some times find myself using shortcuts like Dir instead of Directory. 🙁
 - Scott Kane
 · August 15th, 2008 · 12:35 pm · Permalink
 Nice article, Steph. I've been arguing this for years. Glad to hear there are others who can see it too. It gets even more complex with function calls etc as well when they are cryptic. One should be able to intuit a call for crying out loud, but so often I've seen them structured along the same lines as variables – cryptic as all get out.
 - Izkata
 · August 17th, 2008 · 12:47 pm · Permalink
 Even a simple "ReqNum" is far more obvious for one of your first examples, and still retains a lot of space.
 - Steph
 · August 17th, 2008 · 12:58 pm · Permalink
 Hi Izkata,
 Yes, ReqNum is much more obvious, but I'm going to say it's still not enough. And here's why:
 1. What if you have 10 other variables, all abbr. Are you going to remember what they all mean? You'll still have to keep looking them up. If you don't believe me, as someone to pick for you a random chunk of open source code and do a string find/replace on all the variables within a decent method (it has to be code you've never seen). Easier, but it still requires more effort than it should.
 2. Again, do the same, ask someone to set up some sample code for you. Now try to add some code. When you type in the variables, are you able to remember the exact characters in each or do you have to look up what the abbreviations are each time? Could it be ReqNum, ReqNb, RqNum, RequestNum, ReqNo, etc. There's just so many rules to abbr. that you need to look it up. With fully qualified names, it's always the full spelling 😉
 - Steph
 · August 17th, 2008 · 1:00 pm · Permalink
 And thanks everyone for the great comments!
 Fully qualified names are slowly starting to become more and more the "way" to code. I can't wait until it's the standard!
 - ben
 · August 17th, 2008 · 2:15 pm · Permalink
 > Fully qualified names
 You know what would be great is to see some benchmarks on using longer fully qualified var-names versus short guys. I for one love fully qualified names, and IDEs with auto-complete and snippet/macros like Textmate, Zend, et al make it easy to type and re-type variables and function names so "type to write" should be less of a factor.
 - ben
 · August 17th, 2008 · 2:18 pm · Permalink
 * speed benchmarks
 * time to write
 - Steph
 · August 17th, 2008 · 3:00 pm · Permalink
 Hi Ben,
 The book Code Complete 2, chapter 11 specifically (The Power of Variable Names). In it the author has some hard data (research study results) that he shares that supports the same advice as this article 😉
 - vbcpp
 · July 4th, 2013 · 5:28 am · Permalink
 Completely agree! Not sure when I was told to always abbreviate my variables, but since reading


text:
Wednesday, May 9th, 2012 8:05 am
A new tool for free hazardous materials (hazmat) training, the Electronic Learning Community (ELC) was created to provide a flexible and inexpensive means for emergency first responders to receive high quality training. The goal of the project is to reach underserved volunteer responders who may not have the time or resources to receive training on hazmat, and specifically, hydrogen and hydrogen fuel cell incidents. The Hydrogen Response Considerations course has been developed as the first subject to pilot this ELC concept and is open to anyone.
The ELC is made possible through a cooperative agreement between the International Association of Fire Chiefs (IAFC) and the Department of Transportation' s (DOT) Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA). Funding was provided by DOT's Research and Innovative Technology Administration (RITA).
The goal of the ongoing partnership between IAFC and DOT is to expand awareness of critical information and issues related to hazmat, and enhance/improve preparedness for hazmat response for firefighters and other emergency responders.
The purpose of this project is to analyze the concept of an on-line distance learning approach for training the volunteer first responder community. Distance learning training systems were researched to determine if hazmat training could be more accessible and timely for first responders nationwide. The effectiveness of an on-line distance learning training system will be assessed during this research, with the topic of hydrogen and hydrogen fuel centers being the focus of this training.
Hydrogen is an alternative fuel gaining momentum in the economy, as was ethanol several years ago. Hydrogen training, however, is competing with a variety of other first-responder training, therefore it must be robust in order to cover various learning styles and keep users engaged. Training also must be NFPA 472-compliant to further make it worthwhile as a possibility of recertification hours for responders. It is imperative to stay ahead of the curve to comply with federal law mandates. Utilizing the standards of NFPA 472 as a framework, hydrogen training can be developed with a focus on providing awareness level training for the federal requirement can occur while saving lives.
This training system was designed to grow in capacity as the need arises to include additional topic areas. Likewise, it will grow in feature and function as technologies mature and develop. The ELC hopes to expand its available content to include topics on additional alternative energy sources, emerging technologies, and other issues important to the emergency response community. Responders can access the IAFC ELC website at _URL_ to take part in this free training opportunity.


text:
No, it isn't. The Prelude Method is a way for you to save your own eggs so that you can use them when the time is right. Nobody else will have access to your frozen eggs but you.
Articles in this section
- What is the Prelude Method, and how does it work?
- Why is The Prelude Method Relevant to Me?
- Who Is The Prelude Method For?
- Is the Prelude Method a Form of Egg Donation?
- What are the advantages of The Prelude Method?
- What is the Process for The Prelude Method?
- How Long Can Eggs be Stored?
- How Many Eggs Will You Collect?
- Can I Donate My Eggs to Someone Else?
- What Happens if I Choose Not To Use My Saved Eggs or Embryos?


Travel Safe
Советы по безопасности путешествий
Ses Taules Gateway
The main entrance to the walled enclosure of Ibiza
It is the main entrance to the walled enclosure of the old town of Ibiza. It is situated between the bastions of Sant Joan and Santa Llúcia, and was built between 1584 and 1585. In 1888, the moat in front of the doorway was crossed by slats of wood, which were later replaced by a drawbridge and, in the early 20th century, by a permanent bridge. The gateway is crowned by the imperial coat of arms and crown. On both sides of the gateway there are replicas of the original statues, which are kept in the Archaeological Museum.
Ses Taules Gateway
Zona Dalt Vila
07800 Eivissa, Ibiza (Balearic Islands)
Е Тел.:+34 971 397 600 Веб-сайт::
Чем заняться
Ближайшие экскурсии


text:
Questions on allocating 529 contributions and gift tax liabilities over the five-year period.
1. RIA's 706/709 Deskbook contains the following observation:
The proposed regulations state that a donor may take certain contributions to a QTP into account ratably over five years only with respect to contributions not in excess of five times the annual exclusion amount [Prop. Reg. 1.529-5(b)(2)]. The authors believe that this provision would permit the following, although guidance is not clear.
Example 25D-5: Excess QTP contribution-election of amount less than $65,000.
Taxpayer contributes $33,000 to a QTP in Year 1 and elects to treat $25,000 as a prorated contribution over five years. (Assume a $13,000 annual exclusion for all five years.) Thus, in Year 1, taxpayer utilizes the annual exclusion amount with an $8,000 (non-prorated) contribution and $5,000 from the amount subject to the election to prorate. In Years 2 through 5, the taxpayer is electing to treat as a prorated contribution $5,000 per year.
I believe that the statute specifically requires that the entire $33,000 contribution in RIA's example be allocated over the five-year period. Have you focused on this issue?
The statement quoted above is in RIA's PPC Federal Tax Compliance Library, the 706/709 Deskbook, Chapter 25, Key Issue 25D.
First, why does the taxpayer in the above example want to make the election over only $25,000 and not $33,000? Because the taxpayer wants to use fully his or her annual exclusion for Year 1, and by doing so reduces the amount of annual exclusion deemed to be used for Years 2 through 5 from $6,600 per year ($33,000 ÷ 5) to $5,000 ($25,000 ÷ 5). Thus the taxpayer can make greater additional annual exclusion gifts in Years 2 through 5.
I read the statute as requiring the entire contribution to the 529 account to be subject to the five-year election, if such election is made. I read the proposed regulations as trying to modify this rule only to provide that if the aggregate contributions exceed five times the annual exclusion amount, the excess must be treated as a taxable gift all in Year 1 and cannot be spread out over five years.


Car batteries run on relativity
Technology 14 January 2011
The transfer of electrons between two forms of lead in the batteries yields a potential of more than 2 volts, higher than most other batteries. But why they are so good has been a puzzle. Lighter weight tin, for example, which sits one row above lead in the periodic table, is too feeble to power a battery.
Pekka Pyykkö at the University of Helsinki in Finland and colleagues have calculated that the stronger charges on the heavier lead nuclei attract electrons more powerfully, so they reach 60 per cent the speed of light compared to tin's 35 per cent. According to relativity, this gives the electrons higher effective masses, increasing their binding energy to the electrode that attracts them and thus their voltage.
Without these relativistic effects, Pyykkö and colleagues calculate that lead-acid batteries would generate only 0.39 volts. With them, they predict 2.13 volts, in good agreement with the measured 2.11 volts.
"Batteries involving other heavy elements, such as mercury, will probably have very similar effects," Pyykkö told New Scientist.
Journal reference: Physical Review Letters, vol 106, p 018391


DTS_E_CONNECTIONNOTFOUND
Product Name
SQL Server
Product Version
10.0
Product Build Number
Event ID
-_PHONE_
Event Source
SSIS
Component
Integration Services
Symbolic Name
DTS_E_CONNECTIONNOTFOUND
Message Text
The connection __ is not found. This error is thrown by Connections collection when the specific connection element is not found.
The package cannot run because the specified connection manager cannot be found.
The hexadecimal value for this error number is 0xC001000E.
Possible Causes
This message might appear because of one of the following problems:
 - The logging configuration for the package does not specify a connection manager.
 - An Integration Services component or feature specifies a connection manager that has been removed from the package. This can occur when you copy tasks and other components from one package to another package.
Depending on why the specified connection manager cannot be found, you might have to take one of the following steps:
 - Specify a connection manager for the package log. To specify a connection manager, in Business Intelligence Development Studio, in the SSIS Designer, on the SSIS menu, click Logging.
 - Verify that the package contains the specified connection manager. To verify that the package contains the connection manager, confirm that the connection manager appears in the list in the Connection Managers area. The Connection Managers area appears on the Control Flow, Data Flow, and Event Handlers tabs of the SSIS Designer.
Community Additions
ADD
Show:


text:
Hanging Temple (Xuankong Si)
Heng Shan (Bei Yue), Shanxi
Heng Shan is one of five sacred Daoist mountains, climbed by emperors to seek blessings from the time of Qin Shi Huang onwards. The spectacular Hanging Temple was first built by the Northern Wei, although its present structures only date from the Qing Dynasty. The long poles, that seem to prop up its buildings, are more for visual effect. The temple is actually cut into the side of the rock, with additional support from cantilevered floor beams that have been socketed into the cliff (closeup).
Xuankong is religiously eclectic. Of the three major halls seen here, the leftmost is Buddhist, the middle is Daoist, and the rightmost is Confucian.


text:
The MPG64-A (Midi Pattern Generator 64 Alpha) is a free 64 step midi sequencer designed to run on Win 7, Windows Vista or XP with a minimum screen resolution of 1024×768.
In addition to playing midi notes, the MPG64-A is capable of simultaneously recording the resulting audio, creating loopable WAV files that can be used in any audio application. An 'Auto Set' feature can be used to automatically calculate and correct for latency of the midi device prior to recording, resulting in loopable samples. The 64 step pattern data can also be exported to a midi file.
The MPG64-A features a row of parameter knobs which can control the duration and velocity of each note, and can also be used to set values for two continuous controllers. A 'Controller Automation' feature uses preset patterns to modulate the continuous controllers to create filter sweeps and random 'sample and hold' type effects.
The MPG64-A is also designed to run as a plug-in for Tu2 by Bram Bos. If you are triggering synthesizer software on the same computer, you will need a midi 'loopback' (like loopMIDI) to route the midi data.


Quick Answer: How Do I Pin A Tab At The Top?
How do you pause tabs?
Step 1: Click on the TooManyTabs icon to the right of the address bar.
Step 2: The page that appears will show a list of all the tabs you have open.
Click on the small arrow next to a tab to suspend it from operation..
How do I permanently pin a tab in Chrome?
Pinned tabs can become permanent if you tell Chrome to remember your last browsing session.Click the Chrome menu button, followed by "Settings," and then locate the "On Startup" heading.Click on the "Continue Where I Left Off" radio button.More items…
How do I pin a tab without a mouse?
Alt+P is the default key combination. Now, you can press the chosen modifier key and letter you chose to pin the current tab.
What does it mean to pin a tab in Chrome?
Pinning browser tabs is a feature built in to the Google Chrome browser that makes it easier to manage having multiple pages open within the browser simultaneously. The feature narrows the tab and moves it to the left of the screen.
How do you pin all tabs at once?
That's the "Pin Tab" feature. To start using this to organize your tabs, all you have to do is to right-click on a tab in Google Chrome and select the "Pin Tab" option. You can do this for all of your web apps that you keep open all day.
How do I lock a tab in Windows?
Users can lock tabs by clicking the button in the address bar, or by using the Ctrl+Alt+L shortcut. Once you've locked a page, the tab title changes and a Locked keyword is added to the tab. Moreover, when a tab is locked, any new pages that are browsed in the same tab are also auto-locked.
What does it mean to pin a tab?
Pinned Tabs allow you to always keep your favorite web apps like Facebook, Gmail and Twitter open and just a click away. Pinned Tabs are small, can't be closed accidentally and open automatically when you start Firefox.
What is Google PIN code?
Your PIN is a 4- or 5-digit number that identifies you as an authorized Google Fiber customer. … You can create or change your Google Account PIN within your account to take certain actions, like set up a device or make a purchase.
How do I pin a page?
Pinning a Web Page without the Pinterest Pin It ButtonCopy the URL of the page where the image appears. … Click the Add+ button at the top-right corner of the screen. … Click the Add a Pin button. … Paste the URL you copied in Step 1 into the URL field.Click the Find Images button.More items…
Where did my pin tabs go?
Create a new folder in Bookmarks Bar and name it "Pinned". … When I lose everything, including pinned tabs, right click on the "Pinned" folder in Bookmarks bar and select the "Open all bookmarks in new window" option. This will open all the pinned tabs you previously bookmarked, in the same order as before.
Can you lock a tab in Chrome?
Install Lock Tab from Chrome Web Store. … Then click on the blue Lock Tab icon appearing at the end of address bar. Instantly the tab will be locked with a change in the locker icon. A keyword "Locked" will also be added to the page title of the tab.
How do I get my pinned tabs back?
If you closed a pinned tab you can get it back pressing Ctrl + Shift + T altogether inmediatly after it was closed. Alternatively you can also right click a tab and select open previously closed tab.
Why did my Chrome tabs disappear?
It looks as if it doesn't have any tab. It does have a tab though if you drag at the rightmost edge of the browserwindows. … If you then drag again at the rightmost edge of the browser-window, ALL TABS DISAPPEAR. The same thing happen if you restart Google Chrome with a browser-window that is wider than your screen.
How do Tab washers work?


text:
gpmapreduce configuration file.
%YAML 1.1 --- VERSION: 126.96.36.199 DATABASE: dbname USER: db_username HOST: master_hostname PORT: master_port
DEFINE: - INPUT: NAME: input_name FILE: - hostname:/path/to/file GPFDIST: - hostname:port/file_pattern TABLE: table_name QUERY: SELECT_statement EXEC: command_string COLUMNS: - field_name data_type FORMAT: TEXT | CSV DELIMITER: delimiter_character ESCAPE: escape_character NULL: null_string QUOTE: csv_quote_character ERROR_LIMIT: integer ENCODING: database_encoding
- OUTPUT: NAME: output_name FILE: file_path_on_client TABLE: table_name KEYS: - column_name MODE: REPLACE | APPEND
- MAP: NAME: function_name FUNCTION: function_definition LANGUAGE: perl | python | c LIBRARY: /path/filename.so PARAMETERS: - nametype RETURNS: - nametype OPTIMIZE: STRICT IMMUTABLE MODE: SINGLE | MULTI
- TRANSITION | CONSOLIDATE | FINALIZE: NAME: function_name FUNCTION: function_definition LANGUAGE: perl | python | c LIBRARY: /path/filename.so PARAMETERS: - nametype RETURNS: - nametype OPTIMIZE: STRICT IMMUTABLE MODE: SINGLE | MULTI
- REDUCE: NAME: reduce_job_name TRANSITION: transition_function_name CONSOLIDATE: consolidate_function_name FINALIZE: finalize_function_name INITIALIZE: value KEYS: - key_name
- TASK: NAME: task_name SOURCE: input_name MAP: map_function_name REDUCE: reduce_function_name EXECUTE:
You specify the input, map and reduce tasks, and the output for the Greenplum MapReduce gpmapreduce program in a YAML-formatted configuration file. (This reference page uses the name gpmapreduce.yaml when referring to this file; you may choose your own name for the file.)
The gpmapreduce utility processes the YAML configuration file in order, using indentation (spaces) to determine the document hierarchy and the relationships between the sections. The use of white space in the file is significant.
Keys and Values
Required. The version of the Greenplum MapReduce YAML specification. Current supported versions are 188.8.131.52, 184.108.40.206, and 220.127.116.11.
- Optional. Specifies which database in Greenplum to connect to. If not specified, defaults to the default database or $PGDATABASE if set.
- Optional. Specifies which database role to use to connect. If not specified, defaults to the current user or $PGUSER if set. You must be a Greenplum superuser to run functions written in untrusted Python and Perl. Regular database users can run functions written in trusted Perl. You also must be a database superuser to run MapReduce jobs that contain FILE, GPFDIST and EXEC input types.
- Optional. Specifies Greenplum master host name. If not specified, defaults to localhost or $PGHOST if set.
- Optional. Specifies Greenplum master port. If not specified, defaults to 5432 or $PGPORT if set.
- Required. A sequence of definitions for this MapReduce document. The
DEFINE section must have at least one INPUT
- Required. Defines the input data. Every MapReduce document must have at least
one input defined. Multiple input definitions are allowed in a document, but each
input definition can specify only one of these access types: a file, a
gpfdist file reference, a table in the database, an
SQL command, or an operating system command. See gpfdist
for information about this reference.
A name for this input. Names must be unique with regards to the names of other objects in this MapReduce job (such as map function, task, reduce function and output names). Also, names cannot conflict with existing objects in the database (such as tables, functions or views).
- A sequence of one or more input files in the format: seghostname:/path/to/filename. You must be a Greenplum Database superuser to run MapReduce jobs with FILE input. The file must reside on a Greenplum segment host.
- A sequence identifying one or more running gpfdist file servers in the format: hostname[:port]/file_pattern. You must be a Greenplum Database superuser to run MapReduce jobs with GPFDIST input.
- The name of an existing table in the database.
- A SQL SELECT command to run within the database.
- An operating system command to run on the Greenplum segment hosts. The command is run by all segment instances in the system by default. For example, if you have four segment instances per segment host, the command will be run four times on each host. You must be a Greenplum Database superuser to run MapReduce jobs with EXEC input.
- Optional. Columns are specified as: column_name [data_type]. If not specified, the default is value text. The DELIMITER character is what separates two data value fields (columns). A row is determined by a line feed character (0x0a).
Optional. Specifies the format of the data - either delimited text (TEXT) or comma separated values (CSV) format. If the data format is not specified, defaults to TEXT.
Optional for FILE, GPFDIST and EXEC inputs. Specifies a single character that separates data values. The default is a tab character in TEXT mode, a comma in CSV mode. The delimiter character must only appear between any two data value fields. Do not place a delimiter at the beginning or end of a row.
- Optional for FILE, GPFDIST and EXEC inputs. Specifies the single character that is used for C escape sequences (such as \n,\t,\100, and so on) and for escaping data characters that might otherwise be taken as row or column delimiters. Make sure to choose an escape character that is not used anywhere in your actual column data. The default escape character is a \ (backslash) for text-formatted files and a " (double quote) for csv-formatted files, however it is possible to specify another character to represent an escape. It is also possible to disable escaping by specifying the value 'OFF' as the escape value. This is very useful for data such as text-formatted web log data that has many embedded backslashes that are not intended to be escapes.
- Optional for FILE, GPFDIST and EXEC inputs. Specifies the string that represents a null value. The default is \N in TEXT format, and an empty value with no quotations in CSV format. You might prefer an empty string even in TEXT mode for cases where you do not want to distinguish nulls from empty strings. Any input data item that matches this string will be considered a null value.
- Optional for FILE, GPFDIST and EXEC inputs. Specifies the quotation character for CSV formatted files. The default is a double quote ("). In CSV formatted files, data value fields must be enclosed in double quotes if they contain any commas or embedded new lines. Fields that contain double quote characters must be surrounded by double quotes, and the embedded double quotes must each be represented by a pair of consecutive double quotes. It is important to always open and close quotes correctly in order for data rows to be parsed correctly.
- If the input rows have format errors they will be discarded provided that the error limit count is not reached on any Greenplum segment instance during input processing. If the error limit is not reached, all good rows will be processed and any error rows discarded.
- Character set encoding to use for the data. Specify a string constant (such as 'SQL_ASCII'), an integer encoding number, or DEFAULT to use the default client encoding. See Character Set Support for more information.
- Optional. Defines where to output the formatted data of this MapReduce job. If
output is not defined, the default is STDOUT (standard output of
the client). You can send output to a file on the client host or to an existing
table in the database.
- A name for this output. The default output name is STDOUT. Names must be unique with regards to the names of other objects in this MapReduce job (such as map function, task, reduce function and input names). Also, names cannot conflict with existing objects in the database (such as tables, functions or views).
- Specifies a file location on the MapReduce client machine to output data in the format: /path/to/filename.
- Specifies the name of a table in the database to output data. If this table does not exist prior to running the MapReduce job, it will be created using the distribution policy specified with KEYS.
- Optional for TABLE output. Specifies the column(s) to use as the Greenplum Database distribution key. If the EXECUTE task contains a REDUCE definition, then the REDUCE keys will be used as the table distribution key by default. Otherwise, the first column of the table will be used as the distribution key.
- Optional for TABLE output. If not specified, the default is to create the table if it does not already exist, but error out if it does exist. Declaring APPEND adds output data to an existing table (provided the table schema matches the output format) without removing any existing data. Declaring REPLACE will drop the table if it exists and then recreate it. Both APPEND and REPLACE will create a new table if one does not exist.
- Required. Each MAP function takes data structured in (key, value) pairs, processes each pair, and generates zero or more output (key, value) pairs. The Greenplum MapReduce framework then collects all pairs with the same key from all output lists and groups them together. This output is then passed to the REDUCE task, which is comprised of


Container Wind Tipping Risk Calculator
ULD and Wind Speed
Airports are often windy places, many are located near to the sea and are exposed to strong winds. Containers being blown around is not unusual, indeed all too often it is taken for granted. ULD are all too often inadequately restrained against high winds of jet blast and end up in unsuitable places, often with significant damage to the ULD and sometimes to other equipment and even aircraft.
The correct approach to preventing such occurrences is to properly secure ULD in suitable racking, and not just leave them around the ramp or other areas where ULD are found.
ULD blowing off cargo loaders
One area where restraining a container against high winds is while its on the cargo loader. The design of a cargo loader platform is such that there is no kind of vertical restraint to the container while its on the loader, and while the container is on the loader it is vulnerable to high wind speeds. Go back 40 years to the early days of wide body operations, ULD were a great deal heavier and the risk of them being blown off the loader was far far less.
Indeed the aircraft has limits on wind speeds above which the cargo doors may not be open, going back to the 70's when an AKE weighed maybe 120 Kg it would have required 42 Knots of wind speed to tip it over, a wind speed that is higher than the limits on some aircraft. Today however the picture is totally different, as a 55 Kg AKE will tip over at 29 Knots… which is described on the Beaufort Scale of wind speeds as a strong breeze, in which an umbrella may only be used with difficulty!
Basis for calculating when a ULD will tip under wind conditions
Fortunately the basis for calculating the effect of wind speed on a ULD can be derived from International Standard Organisation (ISO) standard 11995 " Aircraft- Stability Requirements for Loading and Servicing Equipment. Although this standard does not refer to ULD as its focus is on items like catering trucks it does nevertheless provide the basis for doing the calculations necessary to determine when the wind speed is sufficient to cause a container to tip.
The ULD CARE wind speed limit calculator allows the user to select the ULD type from a drop down list that covers most container types, put in a tare weight and the wind speed at which the ULD will tip is calculated.
It is possible that a container might tip at a lower wind speed, in case of particular wind turbulence around the container, so the formula should be used with caution but as a guideline for determining the wind speed at which the loading and unloading of empty containers to the aircraft its a pretty reliable method.
Container Wind Tipping Risk Calculator
 1. Use the whole table or select a ULD type.
 2. Input tare weight (kg) for each ULD type.
 3. Get the wind speed values at which the container will start to tip*.
*Note that it is possible that a container might tip at a lower wind speed, in case of particular wind turbulence around the container, so the formula should be used with caution but as a guideline for determining the wind speed at which the loading and unloading of empty containers to the aircraft its a pretty reliable method.


text:
1. Complete manual solution: There should be a Instruction Manual / User Manual for the XM Generator on the Spooky2 Website.
(And of course it can be run without a Computer if you want only run one frequency/Amplitude etc. without changing them automatically over the time.)
Half manual solution: Program the XM Generator over Spooky2 and then disconnect the USB connector. Save the Setting manually over the MEM function of the Generator (must be done manually) at Position 0. If you power up the XM the next time the data stored in "MEM 0" will be read and you can use the XM Generator without a Computer.
2. I have used the Spooky2 XM generator standalone many times. Sometimes I will load programs with the Spooky2 software and then store the 2 channels of frequencies and waveforms in a memory location 0 to 99 of the Spooky2 XM generator. Then run the Spooky2 XM generator without the Spooky2 software, you can recall each memory location to run the frequency and waveform. With the Spooky2 software the frequencies are automated and automatically sequence to the next frequency and waveforms with many timed programs chained. This automatic sequence is not possible when the Spooky2 XM generator is stand alone without the Spooky2 software. The Spooky2 Generator X was designed with more stand alone features to run 1 of 30 programs and each program can sequence thru up to 200 frequencies and waveforms automatically timed and looped.
For more details, please check the link: