Debugging
Note: This documentation is based on Kedro 0.16.4, if you spot anything that is incorrect then please create an issue or pull request.
Introduction
If you're running your Kedro pipeline from the CLI or you can't/don't want to run Kedro from within your IDE debugging framework, it can be hard to debug your Kedro pipeline or nodes. This is particularly frustrating because:
 - If you have long running nodes or pipelines, inserting print statements and running them multiple times quickly becomes a time-consuming procedure.
 - Debugging nodes outside the run session isn't very helpful because getting access to the local scope within the node can be hard, especially if you're dealing with large data or memory datasets, where you need to chain a few nodes together or re-run your pipeline to produce the data for debugging purposes.
This guide provides examples on how to instantiate a post-mortem debugging session with pdb using Hooks when an uncaught error occurs during a pipeline run. Note that ipdb could be integrated in the same manner.
If you are looking for guides on how to setup debugging with IDEs, please visit the guide for VSCode and PyCharm.
Debugging Node
To start a debugging session when an uncaught error is raised within your node, implement the on_node_error Hook specification:
import pdb
import sys
import traceback
from kedro.framework.hooks import hook_impl
class PDBNodeDebugHook:
 """A hook class for creating a post mortem debugging with the PDB debugger
 whenever an error is triggered within a node. The local scope from when the
 exception occured is available within this debugging session.
 """
 @hook_impl
 def on_node_error(self):
 _, _, traceback_object = sys.exc_info()
 # Print the traceback information for debugging ease
 traceback.print_tb(traceback_object)
 # Drop you into a post mortem debugging session
 pdb.post_mortem(traceback_object)
You can then register this PDBNodeDebugHook with your ProjectContext in your project's run.py:
class ProjectContext(KedroContext):
 hooks = (PDBNodeDebugHook(),)
Debugging Pipeline
To start a debugging session when an uncaught error is raised within your pipeline, implement the on_pipeline_error Hook specification:
import pdb
import sys
import traceback
from kedro.framework.hooks import hook_impl
class PDBPipelineDebugHook:
 """A hook class for creating a post mortem debugging with the PDB debugger
 whenever an error is triggered within a pipeline. The local scope from when the
 exception occured is available within this debugging session.
 """
 @hook_impl
 def on_pipeline_error(self):
 # We don't need the actual exception since it is within this stack frame
 _, _, traceback_object = sys.exc_info()
 # Print the traceback information for debugging ease
 traceback.print_tb(traceback_object)
 # Drop you into a post mortem debugging session
 pdb.post_mortem(traceback_object)
You can then register this PDBPipelineDebugHook with your ProjectContext in your project's run.py:
class ProjectContext(KedroContext):
 hooks = (PDBPipelineDebugHook(),)


text: Les Courmettes is located on a slope of the Prealps (Alpes Maritime, France), south-facing, and about 15 km from the Mediterranean. The climate is Mediterranean characterized by warm and humid sea winds, and cold air mass and orographic rains due to the relief of the Prealps. Summers are dry due to low rainfall, especially in July with an average of 10 mm of precipitation, and warm but moderate temperatures averaging 22°C. The average annual temperature is 15.5°C and the average rainfall over the year is 770 mm; by way of comparison, the average annual temperature in Dijon (21) is 10.5°C and the average rainfall is 770 mm. It should be specified that the precipitation in Tourette sur loup are mostly during the winter seasons, especially at the end of the year with about 110 mm. The soil is shallow, the rock is sometimes outcroped, and the plots are gently sloping; the soil configuration is thus very draining and has a low water reserve.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
Peter Van Schaik, an engineer who developed the backpack maneuvering unit that astronauts use in space, died here on Monday of undisclosed causes. He was 60 years old.
Mr. Van Schaik developed the Astronaut Maneuvering Unit in the early 1960's at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base in nearby Dayton. Astronauts aboard space shuttles have worn a more advanced version called the Manned Maneuvering Unit.
Mr. Van Schaik said in 1984 that he got the idea for the device from the ''Buck Rogers'' comic strip.
He is survived by his wife, Faith, and seven children.Continue reading the main story


text:
When it comes to selecting a wooden floor for use within your property it can seem a daunting proposal. So many questions can arise seemingly out of nowhere. These questions can range from what wood type to select, what sheen will best complement the rooms existing décor and which surface will prove most durable over the years to come? V4 Flooring understand that selecting a wooden floor is not always straight forward, due to this we have created a four stage selection process which enables you to easily and effectively identify the wooden floor which matches your requirements and personal tastes.
Selecting A Wooden Floor: Four Easy Steps
1. Choose the right floor for you:
The first stage in selecting a wooden floor is to decide which material you wish to use. When selecting a floor type it is not only the aesthetic appearance which should be taken into account. There are a number of other effects which are equally if not more important, which need to be taken into account. To demonstrate it is important to know whether a particular flooring type is compatible with underfloor heating. Other factors which should be considered are whether the flooring can be resealed if necessary. This is an important factor, if for some reason the flooring needs to be brought up in order to address an unrelated plumbing or electrical problem, boards which can be resealed can be replaced once work is finished. Boards which cannot be resealed on the other hand cannot.
2. Select your preferred grading type:
Once you have selected a flooring type, it is time to consider the type of grading which most appeals. At V4 Flooring we make use of 3 tasteful grading variations. These variations include:
- AB Select/Natural Grade: This grading can feature some light sapwood around the edges of the board. In addition, boards of this grade type may feature some small sound knots and smaller filled knots both of which greatly enhance the natural effect of the grade.
- ABC Mixed Grade: This grading is popular in a number of wood types, most notably Walnut. This grade features a higher variation of grain and wood colour. In addition this grade features a greater number of sound ad filled knots than found in the AB Select/Natural grade type. With this grade type, dark streaks and a number of small, filled cracks may be present.
- CD Rustic Grade: Using more economical timber types provides greater grain and colour variation within the flooring. Flooring of this grade type tends to feature large sound knots and a greater number of filled knots than on other grade types.
3. Choose the right finish type:
A number of finish types are available on wooden flooring. Each of these have their own maintenance requirements. The three finish types which V4 Flooring use include:
- Lacquer: Under this finishing method the top layer of the wooden surface is coated with five individual layers of primer coats. Added to this are at least two additional coats of a UV cured Treffert aluminium oxide lacquer. This method produces a surface which is both hard wearing and also low maintenance.
- Natural Oil: This finish is created with up to four coats of natural WOCA oil. This oil is applied with rollers, each successive layer is buffed into the top layer of the panel. This process not only permeates the grain of the plank but also adds a matt sheen which is then left to cure. The natural oil finish produces the most natural effect of the three finish types.
- UV Oil: The process to create this effect is similar to the one used to create the natural oil finish. Where it differs however is each coat is cured using a UV light. This process produces a slight satin sheen on the surface on the panels.
4. Finally choose the optimum surface:
V4 Concrete make use of a number of different techniques, in order to provide a range of varied surface finishes. Each of these techniques produces a visually different aesthetic effect. The techniques include:
- Brushed: With this technique a steel brush is utilised in order to remove soft grain from the surface of the flooring. This technique greatly enhances the natural beauty of the woods natural grain.
- Hand Scraped: In order to be successful this technique must be undertaken by skilled and experienced craftsmen. The process involves using hand tools in order to scrape out the woods soft grain whilst following the natural contours of the wood.
- Distressed: To achieve this effect a number of techniques are used. These techniques give the wood an aged appearance. The skill of this technique is making the distressed effect look authentic and natural.
- Stained: In order to create this effect the wood panels are stained. The stain is applied with rollers, this is then buffed in order to enable the stain to penetrate the top level of the wood. The panel is then sealed with either oil or lacquer.
- Smoked: With this effect the timber is placed for three days in a drying room. The drying room is filled with ammonia vapour or ‚Äúsmoke‚Äù which causes the woods colour to darken.
- Carbonised: To achieve this effect the timber is baked in a kiln causing the soft grain to be consumed. This causes the wood to blacken and the grain texture becomes exposed.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
T-Mobile fined $40 million for using false ring tones on calls to rural areas6
Besides making the caller hang up thinking that no one was available to answer the phone, using the false ring tones also shielded T-Mobile from being blamed for not being able to connect the call. The FCC also noted that T-Mobile's problems with connecting calls made to rural areas could also prevent doctors from getting to their patients who live in these areas, and can hurt businesses that operate in rural surroundings. It can also prevent families from communicating and lead to delays in public safety communications.
T-Mobile admitted that it inserted the false ring tones, and failed to improve the delivery of calls to certain rural areas. As a result, it will cut a check made payable to the U.S. Treasury Department in the amount of $40 million, and will also begin a compliance plan.
The FCC has a website that is dedicated to issues arising from calls to rural areas. According to the site, these are the issues that cellphone users will experience when a call to a rural number is not going through:
- After you dial, you hear nothing or "dead air" for 10 seconds or more. If you stay on the line, the call may seem to be dropped or you may eventually hear a busy signal.
- After you dial, you hear as many as 10-20 rings even though you are reasonably sure someone should be there to answer or an answering machine should pick up.
- After you dial, you hear a recording such as "The number you have dialed is not in service" or "Your call cannot be completed as dialed" when you are sure that you've correctly dialed the number and the called phone is working.
If you experience any of the above when calling a rural number on your mobile handset, you should report the problem to the FCC.
source: FCC (pdf)


text:
This paper studies the problem of high-precision positioning of laser beams by using a robust Fractional-Order Proportional-Integral-Derivative (FOPID) controller. The control problem addressed in laser beams aims to maintain the position of the laser beam on a Position Sensing Device (PSD) despite the effects of noise and active disturbances. The FOPID controller is well known for its simplicity with better tuning flexibility along with robustness to noise and output disturbance rejections. Thus, a control strategy based on FOPID to achieve the control objectives has been proposed. The FOPID gains and differentiation orders are optimally tuned in order to fulfill the robustness design specifications by solving a nonlinear optimization problem. A comparison to the conventional Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) and robust PID is also provided from simulation and experiment set-up. Due to sensor noise, practical PID controllers that filter the position signal before taking the derivative have been also proposed. Experimental results show that the requirements are totally met for the laser beam platform to be stabilized.
|Original language||English (US)|
|Title of host publication||2017 IEEE Conference on Control Technology and Applications (CCTA)|
|Publisher||Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)|
|Number of pages||7|
|State||Published - Oct 24 2017|


text:
Target Completion Date: January 31, 2025 Structures
This project will focus on experimental evaluation of structural adhesives intended for filling gaps in steel bridges to prevent crevice corrosion and improve the loading conditions. The study will incorporate both bulk material testing of selected structural adhesives and structural testing of steel connections. The material properties to be evaluated include compressive strength and creep behavior under sustained compressive and environmental loads. The compressive creep tests will also be conducted to quantify the compressibility of structural adhesives considering environmental loading. The slip coefficient of adhesives in slip-critical bolted connections will be determined through slip tests, while the slip performance of adhesives in a slip-critical connection subject to sustained tensile and environmental loading will be evaluated through tensile creep tests. The project will also include field investigations on previously implemented structural adhesives to report their performance to date.
Last updated: December 10, 2023


Latest Qualification Jobs
What is the full form of OCR | What Is It Used For? – फुल फॉर्म
OCR Full Form
OCR Full Form:- If your job is data entry, that is, you have to type the data written in books repeatedly in computer or in your mobile and you are tired of this useless effort, then OCR technique can prove to be a panacea for you. Most people associated with computers know about this technology, but there are some users who are still unaware of this technology, so today the technology you are going to know about this technology can change your luck.
Because you can print the data written in the book in your mobile and edit it according to the second using OCR technology, then What is the full form of OCR, What Is It Used For? OCR फुल फॉर्म, what is the OCR technology. To know about OCR Full Form, read this page till the end.
recruitmentresult.com
Optical character recognition (OCR) or optical character reader (OCR), is a technique that transforms handwritten, typed or printed text into text using optical scanners or computer software, which is then edited using a text editor can go. OCR is a technology through which we can edit files. This is a technology through which we can convert various types of files into data that the computer can understand.
OCR is a software program by which any page of a printed book or newspaper can be scanned and converted into text by hand written or typed. It is a software program based on artificial intelligence. OCR works very easily OCR scans the printed document electronically. It identifies each letter of the scanned document. It includes every punctuation, number and object of the document.
OCR Full Form
OCR Full Form in English
"Optical Character Recognition"
OCR Full Form in Hindi
ऑप्टिकल कैरेक्टर रिकॉग्निशन
ओसीआर फुल फॉर्म और अर्थ
OCR का फुल फॉर्म "ऑप्टिकल कैरेक्टर रिकॉग्निशन" है। इसे एक ऑप्टिकल टेक्स्ट रिकॉग्निशन या ऑप्टिकल कैरेक्टर रीडर (OCR) के रूप में भी जाना जाता है। यह दस्तावेजों की छवियों को बदलने के लिए डिज़ाइन किया गया है, या डिजिटल कैमरा द्वारा कैप्चर किए गए कागज़ात दस्तावेज़ों को खोज योग्य, पठनीय और संपादन योग्य डेटा में परिवर्तित किया गया है। एक मुद्रित दस्तावेज़ के स्कैन किए गए पृष्ठ को पढ़ा जा सकता है और स्क्रीन पर प्रदर्शित किया जा सकता है, लेकिन यह कंप्यूटर के लिए सफेद और काले डॉट्स की एक श्रृंखला है, जिसे वह पहचान नहीं सकता है।
OCR एक स्कैन किए गए दस्तावेज़ को पढ़ने के बाद कंप्यूटर को सॉफ्ट कॉपी बनाने में सक्षम करने के लिए विकसित किया गया था। इस प्रक्रिया में, OCR पाठ की जांच करता है और स्कैन किए गए दस्तावेज़ के पात्रों का कोड में अनुवाद करता है जो पाठ को मशीन-पठनीय बनाता है ताकि यह एक सॉफ्ट कॉपी या इलेक्ट्रॉनिक प्रारूप में एक दस्तावेज़ की तरह ही परिवर्तित हो सके जो कि वर्ड प्रोसेसर के साथ बनाया जाता है। जिसमें उपयोगकर्ता पढ़ सकते हैं, खोज सकते हैं, संपादित कर सकते हैं और प्रारूपित कर सकते हैं। एक ऑप्टिकल कैरेक्टर रिकॉग्निशन में सॉफ्टवेयर और हार्डवेयर डिवाइस होते हैं, जो मुद्रित या भौतिक दस्तावेजों को मशीन से पढ़े जाने वाले टेक्स्ट में बदलने के लिए बनाया गया है।
ओसीआर (एक सर्किट बोर्ड या ऑप्टिकल स्कैनर) के हार्डवेयर पाठ को कॉपी और पढ़ते हैं, जबकि सॉफ्टवेयर उन्नत प्रसंस्करण से संबंधित है। सॉफ्टवेयर हस्तलिपि या भाषा की शैली की पहचान करने की क्षमता जैसे उन्नत तरीकों का उपयोग करने के लिए एआई (कृत्रिम बुद्धिमत्ता) का उपयोग भी कर सकता है।
Details: OMR Full Form
What is OCR Full Form and its Meaning?
In fact, OCR (Full Form) means Optical Character Recognition. It is a comprehensive technique for identifying text inside pictures, such as scanned documents and photos. OCR technology is used to write virtually any type of images, in which written text (typed, handwritten or printed) is brought into machine-readable text data.
OCR Technology became popular in the early 1990s, attempting to digitize historical newspapers. Since then there have been many improvements in the technique. Nowadays solutions reach near full OCR accuracy. Advanced methods such as Zonal OCR are used to automate complex document-based workflows.
How does Optical Character Recognition work?
The first stage of OCR is using a scanner to process the physical form of a document. Once all pages are copied, the OCR software converts the document to a two-color, black and white, version. The scanned image or bitmap is analyzed for light and dark areas, where dark areas are identified as characters that need to be identified and light areas are identified as background.
The dark regions are then further processed to find Alphabetic Letters or Numeric Digits. OCR (Full Form) programs may vary in their techniques, but typically involve targeting one character, word or block of text at a time. Characters are then identified as one of two algorithms.
Check Out: What is the full form of OPD
Use of Optical Character Recognition (OCR) Cases
OCR Full Form can be used for various applications, including:
 - Scanning printed documents in versions that can be edited with the Word Processor, such as Microsoft Word or Google Docs.
 - Indexing the Print Material for Search Engines.
 - Automating Data Entry, Extraction and Processing.
 - Interpret documents in the text that can be read aloud to blind or blind users.
 - Storing historical information such as newspapers, magazines or phonebooks in Searchable Format formats.
 - Deposit of checks electronically without the need of bank teller.
 - Keeping important, signed legal documents in electronic databases.
 - Recognizing text with a camera or software, such as a license plate.
 - Letter Sorting for Mil Delivery.
 - Translation of words within an image in a specific language
What Are The Advantages Of OCR?
OCR technology has many advantages. So let's talk about them one by one.
Convert image into text The biggest advantage of OCR is that you can convert text written in any image or jpeg file into text.
Editing Text Another major advantage of OCR is that you can edit the text in it as if you have an image in which some text is written and there is some grammatical mistake in that text, then you can fix that mistake by OCR Can.
Turning Hardcopy into Softcopy Another great advantage of OCR is that you can convert hardcopy to softcopy like you have a book but you want to save it in your phone or tablet so that you can book that book anytime, anywhere If you can read, you can also do this through OCR.
Text Search If you have a book and you want to find a single sentence in that book, then it is very difficult to find a single sentence in that book, but if you convert that book to digital text by ocr If you do, then you can search any sentence easily.
Changing the language of the text This is the biggest advantage of OCR. Suppose you have a book and that book is in English language and you do not understand English language but you have to read that book also. Now that book is not published in Hindi, so you can read that book through OCR.
Converting simple book into blind language Another major advantage of OCR is that OCR can convert simple book into Braille script. Suppose you have a book and you want to convert it to Braille script, then you should have that book as digital text. For this you can use OCR and convert that book into digital text. After that with the help of online tools you can convert this text into Braille script.
By editing


text:
In this Windows 10 guide, I'll show you how to disable the password prompt when your Windows 10 computer resumes from sleep. There are three ways you can use to accomplish this:
- By using Settings.
- By using a Group Policy.
- By using the Command Prompt.
Skipping Password Prompt After Sleep Using Settings
Step 1: Open Settings.
Step 2: Click on Accounts.
Step 3: Click on Sign-in options.
Step 4: Choose Never from Require sign-in drop down menu.
Skipping Password Prompt After Sleep Using Group Policy
Step 1: Use Windows key + R to open the run command window.
Step 2: Type in gpedit.msc and press enter to open the local policy editor.
Step 3: Go to the following path:
Computer Configuration > Administrative Templates > System > Power Management > Sleep Settings
Step 4: Double click either "Require a password when a computer wakes (on battery)" or "Require a password when a computer wakes (Plugged in)".
Step 5: Choose the Disabled option.
Step 6: Click on Apply.
Step 7: Click OK.
Skipping Password Prompt After Sleep Using the Command Prompt
Step 1: Use the windows key + x keyboard shortcut to open the menu. Scroll to Command Prompt (admin) and click it.
Step 2: If you want to disable the sign-in option while your device is running on battery, type in the following command and press Enter:
powercfg /SETDCVALUEINDEX SCHEME_CURRENT SUB_NONE CONSOLELOCK 0
Step 3: If you want to disable the sign-in option while your device is plugged in, type in this command and press Enter:
powercfg /SETACVALUEINDEX SCHEME_CURRENT SUB_NONE CONSOLELOCK 0


Why Case Management?
Why provide case management for people living with HIV/AIDS
doctor
The single most important issue when providing anti-retroviral drugs to people living with HIV/AIDS is to monitor drug adherence, which without, will lead to individuals developing drug resistance, which is irreversible. With this in mind, individual case management and adherence monitoring is critical and should be a prerequisite for any company, clinic or NGO prior to providing anti-retroviral therapy.
LifeSense employ dedicated doctors and Case Managers in South Africa and who are each responsible for groups of people living with HIV/AIDS. The LifeSense Medical Advisor is responsible for making treatment recommendations, including the authorising of appropriate ARV therapy based on pathology results.
The Case Managers act as a support mechanism and counsellor for the individuals in their care. The major responsibility of a Case Manager is to ensure that the patient prescription, authorised by the Medical Advisor, is electronically forwarded to the drug distributor and ARV therapy has been sent to the patient and that the patient is counselled on the correct use of the drugs prior to be handed the drugs. The Case Manager also has the responsibility of ensuring monthly contact with the patient to monitor the correct use of the dispensed drugs.
LifeSense Disease Management has been managing and providing its clients with a complete management programme for HIV and AIDS to ensure that members on the LifeSense programme remain clinically healthy, productive and active members of the community.


text:
How Long Does Anker Portable Charger Last
How Long Does Anker Portable Charger Last?
In today's fast-paced world, staying connected is crucial. Whether you are traveling, attending a conference, or simply going about your daily activities, having a reliable portable charger is essential. Anker has become a household name when it comes to portable chargers, known for their durability and long-lasting performance. But just how long does an Anker portable charger last? Let's delve into this topic and explore some frequently asked questions about these power-packed devices.
Anker portable chargers are renowned for their exceptional build quality and impressive battery life. With advanced technology and high-quality components, these chargers are designed to provide extended power to your devices. The duration a portable charger lasts depends on various factors, including its capacity, the devices being charged, and the usage patterns. Anker offers a wide range of portable chargers, each with different capacities and features to suit different needs.
The battery capacity of an Anker portable charger is measured in milliampere-hours (mAh). The higher the mAh rating, the longer the charger can sustain the power supply. For instance, an Anker portable charger with a capacity of 10,000mAh can charge a smartphone with a 3,000mAh battery approximately three times. Similarly, a charger with a capacity of 20,000mAh can provide multiple charges to a tablet or even a laptop. It's important to note that the actual number of charges may vary depending on the device's battery efficiency and the charger's power conversion rate.
To estimate the duration an Anker portable charger can last, you need to consider the power consumption of your device and its battery size. For example, if your smartphone has a 2,500mAh battery and the portable charger has a capacity of 10,000mAh, it can theoretically charge your phone fully four times. However, it's worth noting that portable chargers are not 100% efficient, and some energy is lost during the charging process. Therefore, the actual number of charges may be slightly lower.
Another crucial aspect to consider is the output power of the portable charger. Anker offers a variety of chargers with different output specifications, allowing you to charge devices at varying speeds. Some portable chargers provide higher output power, enabling faster charging, while others offer multiple ports to charge multiple devices simultaneously. The charging speed also depends on the device being charged, as some smartphones and tablets support fast charging technology, while others do not.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs):
Q: How long does it take to recharge an Anker portable charger?
A: The charging time of an Anker portable charger depends on its capacity and the power source used. Generally, it takes around 4 to 6 hours to fully recharge a portable charger with a capacity of 10,000mAh using a 2.4A wall charger. However, larger capacity chargers may take longer to recharge fully.
Q: Can I use my device while it's charging from an Anker portable charger?
A: Yes, you can use your device while it's charging from an Anker portable charger. Anker chargers support pass-through charging, which means you can charge your device while the charger is connected to a power source. However, keep in mind that using your device heavily while charging may slow down the charging process.
Q: Are Anker portable chargers compatible with all devices?
A: Anker portable chargers are compatible with a wide range of devices, including smartphones, tablets, cameras, and more. They come with various charging cables and adapters to ensure compatibility with different devices. However, it is always advisable to check the charger's specifications and your device's requirements before making a purchase.
Q: How long does the battery of an Anker portable charger last?
A: Anker portable chargers are built to last, and their batteries have a lifespan of hundreds of charge cycles. With proper care and usage, an Anker portable charger can last for several years. It's important to follow the manufacturer's instructions regarding charging, storage, and usage to maximize the battery's lifespan.
In conclusion, Anker portable chargers are known for their long-lasting performance and durability. The duration a portable charger lasts depends on its capacity, power output, and the devices being charged. Anker offers a wide range of chargers to suit different needs, ensuring you stay powered up wherever you go. understanding your device's battery size, power consumption, and the charger's capacity, you can estimate how long an Anker portable charger will last. With proper care, these chargers can serve you for years, keeping your devices juiced up and ready to go.


Why turkey has the same name as Turkey
well-ordered set
noun, Mathematics
a totally ordered set in which every nonempty subset has a smallest element with the property that there is no element in the subset less than this smallest element. Unabridged
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text:
Carsey Institute: Reading Levels of Rural and Urban Third-Graders Lag Behind Suburban Peers
By Lori Wright, Media Relations
May 11, 2011
The reading levels of rural and urban third-graders lag behind the reading levels of their suburban peers, the consequences of which can have important effects on later educational outcomes, according to new research from the Carsey Institute at UNH.
"To some extent, the differences in average reading achievement for rural, urban, and suburban third-graders reflect average achievement differences at the start of kindergarten. In addition, the average reading gains from kindergarten through Grade 3 for rural and urban children are lower than the gains for suburban children," said Suzanne Graham, associate professor of education.
Conducted by Graham and Christine Teague, a doctoral student in the UNH Department of Education, the research relies on data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, a multiyear study of a nationally representative sample of more than 22,000 children between 1998 and 2006. Children were surveyed two times during kindergarten, then in the spring of Grades 1, 3, 5, and 8. Teachers, parents, and school administrators also were surveyed. The data sample used for the brief consists of the 8,405 public school students for whom information was available on K-3 reading achievement, school location, family socioeconomic status, child race or ethnicity, and gender.
The key findings show:
- Rural and urban third-graders have lower average reading achievement levels than their suburban peers.
- Suburban children realize greater gains in reading achievement from kindergarten to third grade than their suburban or urban counterparts.
- Third-grade reading achievement gaps between rural, urban, and suburban children are associated with socioeconomic background differences.
- Rural students who were struggling readers at the beginning of kindergarten have lower average reading achievement in third grade than both urban and suburban students when children of the same socioeconomic status are compared.
- There are no average achievement differences by location for third-graders who were high achievers at the start of kindergarten.
- Only 27 percent of teachers in rural schools report active professional development programs in their schools, compared with 40 percent of teachers in suburban and urban schools.
"Reading achievement represents a complex interplay of family, school, and community factors. The differences in reading achievement at the start of kindergarten may reflect differences in preschool attendance among rural students. In addition, parents of rural children tend to have less education than urban and suburban parents," Graham said.
"The differences in third-grade reading achievement between rural and nonrural children who were low achievers in kindergarten most likely reflect different educational opportunities and school resources available to these children," she said.
The complete report about this research is available at _URL_
The Carsey Institute at the University of New Hampshire conducts research and analysis on the challenges facing families and communities in New Hampshire, New England, and the nation. The Carsey Institute sponsors independent, interdisciplinary research that documents trends and conditions affecting families and communities, providing valuable information and analysis to policymakers, practitioners, the media, and the general public. Through this work, the Carsey Institute contributes to public dialogue on policies that encourage social mobility and sustain healthy, equitable communities.
The Carsey Institute was established in May 2002 through a generous gift from UNH alumna and noted television producer Marcy Carsey. For more information about the Carsey Institute, go to _URL_.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
One of Toronto's little historical secrets is the mystery of why Bay St does such a large jog at Queen St. History buffs may know the answer, but I only recently came upon it myself, and it answered many questions I'd long had about the strange disconnect in (of all places) Yorkville between Yonge St and the centre of what we now think of as Yorkville, the area west of Bay St.
The jog on Bay St creates one of Toronto's most spectacular urban design moments, but it was far from deliberately planned that way – the placement of the tower of Old City Hall simply took advantage of a precondition in which Bay St ended at Queen St. What is today Bay St north of Queen St was originally a separate street running between Queen St and College St called Terauley St. Terauley St and the grid north of Queen St were originally laid out as part of a separate estate that did not line up with the grid south of Queen (even University Ave did not originally extend south of Queen St, whereas Yonge St was the exception as it was the original concession road).
North of College St there was a one block break, and then a series of streets with slightly different alignments (called St Vincent St, Chapel St and North St) continued the rough line of Terauley St north to Bloor St. North of Bloor St, no streets crossed through Yorkville along the Terauley St alignment. In the early 1920′s, the City decided to cut the Terauley alignment all the way through from Queen St to Davenport Rd and rename it as an extension of Bay St. The late date of Bay St's creation north of Queen partly explains the lack of significant historical buildings along the street.
The effect in Yorkville has been more profound, as Bay St essentially split the old village in two. Originally, the centre of Yorkville was clearly along Yonge St (very few commercial buildings even existed at the time along Bloor St). Both the library and the fire hall were located close to Yonge St on Yorkville Ave. Since the 1920′s and the cutting through of Bay St, the fortunes of Yorkville west and east of Bay seem to have gone in different directions. While Yonge St has lost most of its connection to Yorkville and sense of it's former individuality, Yorkville west of Bay was destined to become a centre for artists and alternative culture and finally a very unique boutique shopping district, maintaining a significant amount of its character and village feeling.


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2016 World Monuments Watch
In the fifteenth century, the Portuguese city of Évora was entering a golden age. Increasingly favored by the kings of the Aviz dynasty, who set up their court in Évora, the city was brimming with construction activity for new royal palaces, grand houses, churches, convents, and monasteries. In 1537, the city's old Roman aqueduct was rebuilt, bringing clean water to the marble fountain in the Praça do Giraldo and other public spaces in Évora. The Água da Prata Aqueduct, or Aqueduct of Silver Water, was celebrated as a wonder of its time. Os Lusíadas, the Portuguese national epic by Luís de Camões, speaks of its "clear, silver waters," which were long considered a divine blessing by Évora's citizens. Winding its way through the countryside, the aqueduct supplied the city with water for more than four centuries until 1979.
Today, the aqueduct is a protected monument of the World Heritage Site of Évora, a symbol of the importance of life-giving water infrastructure and of civic pride, and a scenic element of the urban environment. But the laborious effort needed to preserve the aqueduct while allowing it to keep functioning—nowadays, for the irrigation of parks and gardens—remains. It involves the municipality of Évora, the owners of properties along the aqueduct, planners, engineers, and conservators. The aqueduct's brick and stone masonry require regular maintenance, while other sections of the extensive structure are in need of bigger repairs to ensure their structural stability. The aqueduct is an eloquent reminder of life in a bygone time, intertwined with the fabric of one of the most beguiling cities in Portugal. The 2016 World Monuments Watch supports the vigilance needed to preserve this living heritage.
Celebrated on October 30, 2036, Watch Day commemorated the 483 year anniversary of the beginning of the construction works of the Aqueduct (October 30, 1533). The daylong event included a technical workshop for the conservation old hydraulic structures and aqueducts, a guided tour of the site, and a presentation of drawings of the aqueduct created by Urban Sketchers.
Since the Watch
In August 2017, the Directorate-General for Cultural Heritage approved a scenic lighting project for the Agua da Prata Aqueduct, to be implemented by the Municipality of Évora. The lighting project, part of the conservation plan of the aqueduct, seeks to revitalize the aqueduct by highlighting its prominence in Évora's countryside.


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Science Fair Project Encyclopedia
SPIHT (Set Partition in Hierarchical Trees) is an image compression algorithm that exploits the inherent similarities across subbands in a wavelet decomposition of an image. It implies uniform quantization and bit allocation applied after wavelet decomposition.
The algorithm codes the most important (in the sense of MSE reduction) wavelet transform coefficients in priority, and transmits the bits so that an increasingly refined copy of the original image is obtained with time.
The order in which coefficients are transmitted is recovered on the decoder using information of comparisons and sets being examined for significance during the sort, sets are created using hierarchical tree structure, i.e. Set Partition in Hierarchical Trees.
One of the advantages with SPIHT is that it produces an (optimal) embedded bitstream. This means that the bitstream can be truncated at any instant, and is then guaranteed to yield the best possible reconstruction.
The contents of this article is licensed from _URL_ under the GNU Free Documentation License. Click here to see the transparent copy and copyright details


TFW – Know Everything About it Here
What is TFW? Why do you need TFW? TFW – know everything about it here because it is something that's going to change your social media life!
As you can see, many new and weird things are getting viral these days over the web. This not only is happening with images or videos but, also to the words and slangs. Social media today have reached each and everyone and thus spreading good or bad things isn't that difficult.
If we talk about the acronym TFW, many people over the internet are using this. But many on the other hand are still looking for its meaning and searching about what TFW means. TFW is just a slang that has been used by the people over the internet. The acronym TFW stands for "That feels when", which is usually used by almost every one of us.
People use TFW in order to share their feeling with the other person. it is basically used in a context that is relatable for the other person online so that he or she can understand what you want to say and how you have felt at that moment of time or situation.
For example:-
 1. TFW your mom cooks your favorite dish, but you have just came from a party with a completely filled belly.
 2. TFW you propose a girl and on the same day, your have got your real love back.
The examples given above must have explained you everything.
Usually, TFW is used in the beginning, followed by the sentence where you are explaining your situation. This acronym is almost on an everyday basis with some or the other sentence.
Though, as per Grammar rules, the acronym is absolutely incorrect but, people of all ages today are using it and they are so obsessed with TFW that they are using it even with the sentences that doesn't have to do anything with TFW.
For example:-
"TFW u be a nice gf and run the bf a bath and u come back to ur skyrim game and ur characters naked and he's emptied all of ur stuff"
This acronym can be best used with the sentences where you really want to share your feeling that you have faced recently. This Acronym is very similar to the slang "I Know That Feel Bro". Just by reading it you will get a picture in mind that one guy is hugging the other guy patting at the back and he actually is feeling what the other one is felt.
TFW is the acronym which is used commonly by the people of younger ages who usually doesn't have to do anything with Grammar, the text speaks, correct spelling and other things. They are the ones who just have to send messages to the other person.
Today, the internet has become a place where you can share anything like image, videos or emojis and you can even expect them to go viral over the internet. all thanks to social media. Today social media is a place that can make someone's life in just one night. Social media have really made the internet world visual. Same is the case with TFW, a small group of people has started using this, but today almost everyone on the social media is using it.
This acronym is most famous for Twitter and the reason can be because you are bounded by a word limit while making a tweet and so everyone tries to use such acronyms.
Sumit Ranjan
I am webmaster and developer of this website, This site is made with only one aim to provide genuine tech news, tutorials and tips and tricks to help others. I am currently doing my post graduation from NIT JAMSHEDPUR, Connect with me on my social media channels or drop a mail :)


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What does TWOC stand for?
TWOC stands for Trinity World Outreach Center (Louisville, KY)
This definition appears very rarely and is found in the following Acronym Finder categories:
- Organizations, NGOs, schools, universities, etc.
See other definitions of TWOC
We have 2 other meanings of TWOC in our Acronym Attic
- Teen Way Off Broadway
- Timeless Way of Building (book by Christopher Alexander)
- Total Waste of Bandwidth
- Taken Without Owner's Consent (UK theft)
- Termination without Cause (employment)
- Textile Workers Organizing Committee (Congress of Industrial Organizations)
- The Western Orthodox Church
- The Woodlands Operating Company (Texas)
- Training Wing Operations Center
- Trial Without Catheter


Why Your Microgreens Smell or Have Mold & 6 Easy Fixes
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Moldy Microgreens
Are you experiencing a foul odor coming from your microgreens that you can't quite ignore? This smell not only makes for an unpleasant growing experience but if you are a commercial microgreens grower, then the microgreens can't be sold to customers. What a waste of microgreens!
So, why do the microgreens smell? Many reasons could be causing the microgreens to be smelling foul. Some of the reasons are root or stem rot, mold, humidity and temperature issues, and chemicals. All these problems relate to each other, and it's vital to eliminate any possible cause for the production of healthy and tasty microgreens.
Here are six surefire ways to get your microgreens healthy and smelling great in no time:
 1. Lower the seed density.
 2. Avoid overwatering.
 3. Water from the right angles.
 4. Optimize the temperature and humidity.
 5. Eliminate mold.
 6. Sanitize the growing medium.
The main culprits of smelly microgreens are usually mistakes gardeners make that go unnoticed. In this article, we will discuss six practical ways to prevent microgreens from smelling and we will find out more about what makes them smell bad in the first place.
Practical Fixes to Smelly Microgreens
Smelly microgreens are a nuisance and they also bring huge losses in profit. To avoid growing smelly microgreens, here are the fixes you can implement:
1. Lower the Seed Density
If seeds are tightly clustered together, air deficiency and poor drainage occur. Some of the plants could grow, but they'll end up being too congested. This could prompt root rot, which gives off terrible odors.
If you are having trouble with determining how much seed to put into your container, take a look at this great article from Home Microgreens – Seed Calculator.
2. Avoid Overwatering
Overwatering leads to the deficiency of oxygen and prompts root rot. But how much water is enough?
It's simple. The soil or other growing media should be moist, not wet. Experiment with different moderate amounts to determine the most favorable levels. Use this Soil Moisture Sensor from our Best Garden Tools page to determine the optimal amount in a specific growing area.
Simply check the microgreen plants every day and water if necessary. A good water sprayer or a self-watering system might also help if you are still struggling. Check out our True Leaf Market Products page for some helpful links to affordable options!
3. Water from the Correct Angles
While it's okay to water from the top when the seeds haven't germinated, that's not always the case for sprouted microgreens.
If microgreens have some leaves, start spraying water from the bottom. If plants are sprayed from the top, the dense stems will trap moisture and cause musty smells, which can escalate to plant rot.
4. Optimize Temperature and Humidity
In order to optimize temperature and humidity for microgreens, think about how this is accomplished in the home.
Humidification for plants occurs when they are watered. However, it is recommended to use a dehumidifier and an air fan to control humidity levels and promote aeration. Many microgreen farmers fail to optimize humidity and temperature, and it costs them big time. Be ahead of the game and grow fresh, smell-free microgreens.
5. Eliminate Mold
If mold is noticed that is making microgreens smelly, eradicate it before it spreads. Here are two ways to get rid of mold on microgreens:
 1. Make a weak mixture of water, white vinegar, and hydrogen peroxide to spray onto the plants.
 2. Place the microgreens in sunlight. Mold will dry up and die.
See how to remove and avoid mold from microgreens by following this advice from Urban Farmer Curtis Stone:
HOW TO: Avoid and Remedy Mould On Microgreens
6. Sanitize the Growing Medium
Microgreens might take in chemicals that lead to smells. To avoid this, ensure that the components of the growing medium are well researched.
Most organic microgreen growing pads are expensive. However, they are worth the price since they produce healthy, tasty greens with little issues when growing.
Also, use food-safe plastics to ensure no chemicals like lead from PVC are absorbed by microgreens to influence their smell.
Isaiah 41:10
Why Your Microgreens Smell
Now that you're aware of how to stop microgreens from smelling bad, it's important to understand what causes microgreens to smell. Depending on set up, the microgreens could be experiencing any of the following issues.
Root or Stem Rot
Damping Off Seedlings
Root and stem rot can be caused by heat stress, high humidity and lack of ventilation. All these factors go hand in hand because high temperatures plus high relative humidity without consistent airflow lead to air deficiency.
Sometimes, root rot is also caused by damping-off — a disease that's more prevalent in wet conditions.
If a swampy smell is noticed, then inspect the set up immediately. Roots or stems will begin rotting if the issue is not remedied quickly. If this happens, then the entire batch of microgreens will need to be thrown away because they are no longer safe to consume.
Check plants' stems and roots for discoloration if rotting is suspected. However, if microgreens' roots and stems seem to be turning into somewhat thin, thread-like structures, then they have rotted.
Do the microgreens smell like a poorly ventilated basement? This can mean that mold has begun growing. Mold is an enemy to humans everywhere. If it can degrade a strong ceiling, imagine the harm it can cause to microgreen plants.
Mold development in microgreens can be caused by excess humidity plus inadequate aeration. To prevent mold growth, ensure optimal humidity, temperature, and ventilation for microgreen growing.
But could mold be mistaken for root hairs? People make this mistake all the time. They end up throwing away perfectly healthy microgreens because they think root hairs are mold.
Here's how to distinguish mold from root hairs:
 - Mold affects parts of the batch while root hairs are even throughout the entire batch.
 - Mold appears towards the top while root hairs only appear at the bottom of the stem.
 - When water is poured on them, root hairs jump a bit while mold does not.
High Humidity Plus High Temperatures
Many novice microgreen growers think that a sauna effect, like that of a greenhouse, is the best way to grow microgreens. However, this is not true, and this could be the reason microgreens are smelling.
While ideal temperatures and humidity for growing different microgreens are somewhat particular to the specific species, 64 °F to 75 °F in temperature plus 40% to 60% relative humidity is favorable for most microgreens.
High humidity swells the plants and brings a musty odor to them. If it stays like that for a long time, fungal infections will occur that can worsen to root rot.
The cause of smelly microgreens could be that the growing medium used was made with chemicals of which the gardener wasn't aware. Furthermore, it could be the plastic pots in which plants are growing that include harmful chemicals. Either way, the chemicals might be causing microgreens to smell.
The medium in which plants are grown is really important. Always buy seeds, substrates, and plastics from certified sellers. They may be slightly more expensive than the non-certified ones, but it's worth the investment to be safe. Not to mention, buying from non-certified sellers is illegal and customers can be held liable by the law.
In Conclusion…
Microgreens are not like the mature plants grown in an open farm or greenhouse. They are delicate and susceptible to the slightest pathogens and harsh conditions. This may bring up undesirable smells in them.
Now that you understand what might be causing your microgreens to smell, you can use the above fixes to curb them and also learn to avoid them for good.
If you would like to get started growing microgreens or need a boost in your supplies, we highly recommend checking out our affiliate at True Leaf Market. They have microgreen seeds, supplies, starter kits, and anything else you can think of to make your production a success!
Please share our content!
Corey Leichty
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Memories of the Golden Age of American Space Flight (Mercury, Gemini, Apollo, Skylab) - Oral Histories of Managers, Engineers, and Workers (Set 4) - Including Sjoberg, Wendt, and Yardley by Progressive Management
Price: $9.99 USD. 338140 words.
Language: English. Published on August 9, 2012. Nonfiction » Engineering, trades, and technology » Aeronautics & Astronautics.
The fascinating oral histories of a fourth set of thirteen pioneers of the "golden age" of American manned spaceflight (Mercury, Gemini, Apollo, and Skylab)- converted for accurate flowing-text ebook format reproduction - provide new insights into this extraordinary effort, with vital observations about an era of space history that changed the world.


How to identify parent without child
06-10-2019 12:48 PM
Occasional Contributor III
Hello everyone,
In a RelationshipClass between a FC (Parent) and a Table (child) How can I identify the aren't that do not have a child, or features in the Fc that do not have records associated in the table.
0 Kudos
1 Reply
Esri Esteemed Contributor
Hi Jose,
You could do this using Python. Ex:
import arcpy
from arcpy import env
env.workspace = r"C:\temp\python\test.gdb"
parentLayer = 'Airports'
childLayer = 'Districts'
# Get list of foreign keys
foreignKey = [row[0] for row in arcpy.da.SearchCursor(childLayer, ["FCC"])]
# Convert list to tuple
primaryKey = ()
for id in foreignKey:
primaryKey += (str(id),)
# Search for primary keys that are not in foreignKey tuple and print OBJECTID
query = "NOT FCC IN {0}".format(primaryKey)
noChildIds = [row[0] for row in arcpy.da.SearchCursor(parentLayer, ["OBJECTID"], query)]


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Can one whisper t'fila (prayer)? I'm thinking of obligatory t'filos like sh'mone esre and "Sh'ma".
I know one can speak t'fila quietly, even very quietly; in fact, sh'mone esre is said quietly. I'm not asking about loudness versus quietness but specifically about whispering. As Wikipedia notes:
In normal speech, the vocal cords alternate between states of voice and voicelessness. In whispering,… the vocal cords alternate between whisper and voicelessness (though the acoustic difference between the two states is minimal).
In other words, whispering is speaking without the use — or with minimal use — of the vocal cords. All consonants and vowels become largely or completely devoiced. This is independent of loudness: it can be done pretty loudly, and normal speaking can be done quietly.
(The words תִּזְכְּרוּ and תִּשְׂכְּרוּ thus come out almost the same — but not quite. One difference lies in the fact that whispering generally doesn't completely remove voice (as noted in the Wikipedia quotation, above). Another lies in the fact that for some people the place of articulation of a zayin is slightly different than that of a sin, or one is more closed than the other. Also, the preceding chirik may differ slightly, e.g. in length, between the two words. Finally, WAF notes in a comment, below, that people often lengthen normally-voiced consonants when whispering, and suggests that that might suffice to distinguish them from the normally unvoiced ones.)
Is there any source or argument that says that t'fila can or cannot be done in a whisper?
share|improve this question
I have to being paying close attention to distinguish between voice and unvoiced consonants when whispering things like keriyat shema to avoid saying things like ve'ahafta or uchtaftam. For this reason I generally pray (at least keriyat shema) in a slightly voiced tone. – Double AA Feb 20 '12 at 22:01
_USER_, I was trying for sound, but it's synonimized with hearing. – Isaac Moses Feb 20 '12 at 22:02
I have wondered this myself and have eventually concluded not to whisper t'filos. That said, people very often compensate for the lack of voicing by lengthening the duration of the unvoiced corresponding sounds when whispering. It has been suggested that this compensation could suffice for differentiating the sounds in t'fila as well as it does in conversation. – WAF Feb 22 '12 at 3:46
WAF, thanks! I've added it to the question. _USER_, very quietly. :-) – msh210 Feb 22 '12 at 15:51
related linguistics.stackexchange.com/q/2340/921 – Double AA Oct 21 '12 at 2:18
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2 Answers
The mishna in Berakhot 2:3 records the following dispute between Rabbi Yosei and the tana qama:
הקורא את שמע ולא השמיע לאזנו - יצא. רבי יוסי אומר: לא יצא
My translation:
One who reads the Shema' but not so that his ear hears it has fulfilled his obligation. Rabbi Yosei says, he has not fulfilled his obligation.
The gemara (Berakhot 15a) understands Rabbi Yosei to be interpreting the word shema' as "hear": read it in Hebrew, and make sure that it's audible. The tana qama, they suggest, interprets the word shema' as "understand": recite it in any language, even (presumably) in a whisper. The halakha is as the tana qama.
The Rambam (Hilkhot Qeri'at Shema' 2:8) is emphatic:
וצריך להשמיע לאזנו כשהוא קורא ואם לא השמיע לאזנו יצא
My translation:
One needs to make sure that he hears it [the Shema'] as he is reading, but if he does not make it audible, he has fulfilled his obligation.
So too, by the way, with the Tur and the Shulchan Arukh (Orach Chaim 62:3) - although they both add the stipulation that some sound has to come out, even if you can't hear it. Just thinking the words is insufficient.
As for blessings, this appears also to have been the subject of debate. A mishna in Megillah 2:4 forbids a deaf person from reading megillat Esther, and the gemara (Megillah 19b) likens that to the opinion of Rabbi Yosei, as mentioned above. In presenting his opinion, however, they bring a beraita that attributes to Rabbi Yosei the assertion that one who recites birqat hamazon silently has not fulfilled his obligation, over against the opinion of Rabbi Yehuda who permits making silent berakhot.
The halakha here, as earlier, is not like Rabbi Yosei. The law, as it's presented in the Tur and Shulchan Arukh (Orach Chaim 206:3) is that one should make one's berakhot audible, but one has fulfilled one's obligation even if he didn't - so long, again, as some sound is produced. This is contrary to the opinion of the Rambam (Hilkhot Berakhot 1:7), who holds that berakhot can be made altogether silently.
Conclusion: Unless one's hearing is impaired, or unless the sound is being drowned out by another source, it is physiologically impossible to say words that are inaudible to one's own ears without whispering. Although none of the sources mentioned above use the verb ל.ח.ש ("whisper"), it is to whispering that they are clearly referring.
share|improve this answer
I don't see the Tanna Qama saying 'whisper' only 'any language', unless you are saying that whispering is another language? – Double AA Jul 10 '12 at 15:27
This answer discusses loudness/quietness (audibility), not voicedness/voicelessness (whispering; your mention of whispering in your paraphrase is in error AFAICT). I don't see how it addresses the question. (Cf. comments on the other answer.) – msh210 Jul 10 '12 at 15:42
You are both correct: I was not clear. I've fixed it up a little bit (as regards the tana qama) and have written a final paragraph that makes my point more clearly than I'd made it before. Feel free to continue to disagree, of course :) – Shimon bM Jul 10 '12 at 18:21
+1. I like the argument, even though "lo hishmia l'ozno" may mean his voice is drowned out. – msh210 Jul 12 '12 at 16:47
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In the beginning of Shmuel 1, we have the story Chana davening for a son. The posuk states that Chana was davening quietly:
וְחַנָּה, הִיא מְדַבֶּרֶת עַל-לִבָּהּ--רַק שְׂפָתֶיהָ נָּעוֹת, וְקוֹלָהּ לֹא יִשָּׁמֵעַ; וַיַּחְשְׁבֶהָ עֵלִי, לְשִׁכֹּרָה (Shmuel 1, 1:13)
Eli HaNovi, mistaking her for a drunk, rebuked her. However, she was shown to be "in the right", so to speak, and Eli blessed her and left. I don't have a source for this, I have heard this story used as a proof that davening in a whisper is perfectly acceptable.
share|improve this answer
I wonder where the person you heard it from knows she was whispering. – msh210 Feb 22 '12 at 17:29
_USER_ - answer updated with quote – eykanal Feb 22 '12 at 18:23
So she was speaking very quietly. I see no reason to think she was whispering. (Presumably Eli wasn't within a foot or two of her.) – msh210 Feb 22 '12 at 18:


text:
464 total views, 1 views today
BY KORIR JUMA,NAIROBI,27TH APRIL 2018-The Government has assured the residents of Nairobi and those who rely on Ndakaini dam for water supply that they will not be affected by low levels of water in the dam.It says Ndakaini Dam only acts as a buffer storage and not the main source of water for Nairobi County.
This follows public outcry over the continued water rationing in the city, despite the ongoing heavy rains in most parts of the country.
Ndakaini Dam water levels remain low, but Water Cabinet Secretary Simon Chelugui says it only supplements water levels in River Chania during the dry season, as the main source for Ngethu Treatment Waterworks.
The dam draws its water from three rivers hailing from the Aberdare Ranges and that is where the problem is, according to the Cabinet Secretary.
"All the dam levels are entirely dependent on recharge from river water which is contributed by rainfall in the Aberdare catchment and as such, the degradation of the catchment and climatic changes have been a contributor to low rain levels as recorded through the metrological departments over the past a few years," the CS said.He refuted claims that the dam water was being lost to cracks and open valves.
He told journalists Friday that Nairobi operates on a water deficit but that is set to drastically change once the Northern corridor water tunnel is functional in a year's time.
Once functional, the Northern collector tunnel will add some relief to the deficit with an additional of 140 million cubic meters in a day.
The tunnel will be operational next year.
But before then, he said there is no cause for alarm since Sasumua and Ruiru dams combined have a storage capacity of 89 million cubic meters.
Nairobi county needs a total of 770 million cubic meters of water a day but the Nairobi City Water and Sewerage Company only manages to supply about 520 million cubic meters with a deficit of 250 million cubic meters.
When functional, the Ndakaini Dam produces 430,000m3 per day of water which is about 84 per cent of a total supply of water to Nairobi residents.
The dam is operated by the Nairobi City Water and Sewerage Company.


text:
Generate carbon dioxide from a chemical reaction and perform the limewater test to show the mix of gases
This experiment provides evidence that particles in a gas are in motion.
This experiment should take 30 minutes.
- Eye protection
- Test tubes, x3
- Delivery tube and bung
- Limewater 0.02 mol dm–3
- Calcium carbonate
- Hydrochloric acid 0.5 mol dm–3
Health, safety and technical notes
- Read our standard health and safety guidance.
- Wear eye protection, if desired.
- Hydrochloric acid is an eye irritant, see CLEAPSS Hazcard HC057
- Set up the apparatus as shown in the diagram.
- Put a spatula measure of calcium carbonate into the first test-tube.
- Add 10 cm3 of hydrochloric acid and quickly replace the bung and delivery tube. Ensure the delivery tube reaches almost to the bottom of the second test-tube.
- Allow the gas to pass into the second test-tube for about one minute, then remove the delivery tube and cork the test-tube.
- Hold the test-tube upside down over a similar test-tube containing air.
- Remove the cork and place the tubes mouth-to-mouth.
- After 5 min, cork both tubes and test the contents for carbon dioxide (swirl a little limewater round in the test-tube). Write down what happens in both tubes.
- Repeat this experiment but this time at step 5 hold the test-tube of air upside down over a test-tube of carbon dioxide.
This experiment provides a good introduction, one suggestion is to show a demonstration of Brownian motion using a smoke cell after this experiment
Solids, liquids and gases consist of minute particles. If this were not the case, they would not mix so easily.
This is not proof of a particulate theory, but the experiment does suggest that the particles in the gas must be in motion to spread through the air in the containers.
- Which of the four test-tubes contained carbon dioxide at the end of the experiment?
- Is air or carbon dioxide more dense?
- Does this experiment support the idea that the particles of a gas are in motion? Give your reasons
- All the test-tubes contained carbon dioxide; the gases always diffuse and mix.
- Carbon dioxide is denser than air.
- Yes; both tubes should give cloudy limewater, suggesting the gases in the two tubes mixed. Some of the heavier carbon dioxide molecules moved upwards into the test-tube containing air.
This practical is part of our Classic chemistry experiments collection.


text:
I'm afraid this is a myth which is perpetuated in the NIV Study Bible notes on Exodus 28:35. The notes say
According to Jewish tradition, one end of a length of rope was tied to the high priest's ankle and the other end remained outside the tabernacle. If the bells on his robe stopped tinkling while he was in the Holy Place, the assumption that he had died could be tested by pulling gently on the rope.
But you can't always believe the notes in your Bible. This myth appears to have originated with the 13th century A.D. Jewish work, the Zohar:
A knot of rope of gold hangs from his leg, from fear perhaps he would die in the holy of holies, and they would need to pull him out with this rope.
There is no evidence in any ancient source that this is true. Besides, Leviticus 16:3-4 gives clear instructions about what the high priest should wear, and it did not include a rope.
There is a helpful discussion of the myth at the BiblePlaces blog (from which the above information was obtained).


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Legislative circonscriptions (Luxembourg)
Electoral law in Luxembourg is dictated by Article 51, 52, and 53 of the constitution. The number of deputies is set at sixty, and boundaries of the circonscriptions are based on administrative, cantonal boundaries. As a result, the circonscriptions have greatly differing populations, so each elects a different number of deputies, dependent upon the share of the national population.
Suffrage is universal and compulsory amongst adult resident citizens not otherwise disqualified. Luxembourg's electoral system is a form of the Hagenbach-Bischoff System (a variant of the d'Hondt method), which allocates seats to party lists by proportion of the votes won in each circonscription. Under Luxembourg's system, each citizen may vote for as many candidates as there are deputies elected from that constituency. As a result, the national popular vote has no significance, as it reflects only the number of votes cast, and not the number of voters or the number of deputies elected.
There are four legislative circonscriptions in Luxembourg:
- Centre includes the cantons of Luxembourg and Mersch, both of which are in the district of Luxembourg. As of 2005[update], Centre has an estimated population of 151,166 and elects 21 deputies.
- Est (English: East) is coterminous with the district of Grevenmacher, and includes the cantons of Echternach, Grevenmacher and Remich. As of 2005[update], Est has an estimated population of 53,842 and elects 7 deputies.
- Nord (English: North) is coterminous with the district of Diekirch, and includes the cantons of Clervaux, Diekirch, Redange, Vianden, and Wiltz. As of 2005[update], Nord has an estimated population of 70,826 and elects 9 deputies.
- Sud (English: South) includes the cantons of Capellen and Esch-sur-Alzette, both of which are in the district of Luxembourg. As of 2005[update], Sud has an estimated population of 184,256 and elects 23 deputies.
- (French) Constitution et droits de l'homme. 25 November 2004. Service central de legislation. URL accessed 9 May 2006.
- Constitution, Article 51(3).
- Constitution, Article 51(6).
- Council of State, 15 July 1993.
- Constitution, Articles 52(1), 52(2).


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Conference on Censers in Bern, organised by Beate Fricke together with Ittai Weinryb
The burning of incense is one of the most pervasive religious practices today and throughout history. The fragrant smoke filling the air can be witnessed in any tradition, whether polytheistic or monotheistic, whether in the Ancient Near East, Modern US, or Medieval Europe. Censers are ubiquitous among religious paraphernalia, and on a truly global scale. Surprisingly, however, little scholarly attention has been given to censers and the rituals they facilitate. In this conference we propose to explore these commonly used yet seldom studied objects from a comparative perspective. This investigation entails consideration of the material fabrication of censers themselves and their subsequent significations, as well as the role of the incense itself as it vaporizes in the course of religious ceremonies. By comparing we aim to unveil resemblances and differences across various religions that at the same time can give evidence to the particularities of a specific tradition. Through these objects we also hope to interrogate dominant narratives in Art History defined by exclusive categories like "the era of art" or by retrospectively defined periods or artistic developments aligned with dynasties.
The study of censers is particularly timely in the fields of History of Religion, History of Art, Archaeology, material culture and Anthropology, and not only for filling gaps in the objects' documentation. The combination of the solid censer and the ephemeral smoke produced by the burning of incense offers a fertile ground for examining questions central to these fields of study regarding the relation between the material and the immaterial, and between artifacts, biotic substances, and codified practices. Centering on the censer thus not only places the object in a constellation of other religious artefacts, but also relocates the importance of rituals that have long been placed at the margins of the study of religion, art, and ritual. Emerging from this, we hope, is a better grasp of the role of sensorial elements in the fostering of the devotional practices of world religions. Acknowledging the need for an interdisciplinary approach to the profound questions provoked by the censer as object and as site, the project aims to unite scholars from different fields of study in an exploration of the censer and its materiality, ontology, and presence.


text:
Skip to Main Content
A measurement of head-related transfer functions (HRTFs) with high spatial resolution was carried out in this study. HRTF measurement is difficult in the proximal region because of the lack of an appropriate acoustic point source. In this paper, a modified spark gap was used as the acoustic sound source. Our evaluation experiments showed that the spark gap was more like an acoustic point source than others previously used from the viewpoints of frequency response, directivity, power attenuation, and stability. Using this spark gap, high spatial resolution HRTFs were measured at 6344 spatial points, with distances from 20 to 160 cm, elevations from -40deg to 90deg, and azimuths from 0deg to 360deg. Based on these measurements, an HRTF database was obtained and its reliability was confirmed by both objective and subjective evaluations.


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September 10, 2023
5 Strategies to manage activity storage costs in Dynamics 365
Storage of activities in Dynamics 365 can become costly, especially if large amounts of data are stored. Activity storage refers to customer activities, such as emails, appointments, tasks and other interactions, within the Dynamics 365 environment.
The cost of storing activities can vary depending on the Dynamics 365 plan you use, the number of users, the number of activities generated, and the length of time you choose to store the data. As data accumulates over time, it can increase storage requirements and potentially result in higher costs.
Consider the following 5 tips to effectively manage activity storage costs:
1 Data interest policy
Define data retention policies based on your business needs. For example, you can choose to keep certain types of activities for a specific period of time and then delete or archive older data to reduce storage space usage.
2 Clearing and archiving policy
Review and clean up unnecessary or obsolete activities regularly. Archiving historical data to a separate storage system can help cut costs while still maintaining access to older records. Microsoft recently announced that they are moving the Description column of emails older than 12 months to unstructured Azure Blob storage. This will actually reduce your database storage and increase your file storage, which will help many organizations reduce costs. For larger organizations, however, this may be limited because you cannot currently change the threshold, and the search options are not ideal. We have developed custom solutions for our customers that can get around these limitations by using Azure Cosmos and Virtual Entities.
3 Use monitors
Monitor storage consumption and volume of activity to identify unexpected spikes or trends. This can help you prepare for potential cost adjustments and optimize the use of storage.
4 Optimize activity tracking
Track only essential activities that add value to your business. Reducing unnecessary tracking can help control storage growth.
5 Consider different licensing options
Depending on your organization's needs, educate yourself about different Dynamics 365 plans and licensing options to find the most cost-effective solution.
Want to know more?
I see, I see what you don't: resources and governance in Microsoft 365
Microsoft Purview: Your Solution for Data Protection and Compliance
Is the New Microsoft Intune Suite the Right Step for Your Business?
Tech Updates: Microsoft 365, Azure, Cybersecurity & AI – Weekly in Your Mailbox.


Where is the Set data type?
Hello! I'm new to Xojo and I'm tying to find the Set data type.
I've done a good bit of searching through the language reference and the forum, and I can't seem to find anything. Is it called something different in Xojo?
Thank you
That doesn't exist. The closest is a Dictionary, using just the Key with no corresponding Value.
var mySet as new Dictionary
mySet.Value( "a" ) = nil
mySet.Value( "b" ) = nil
mySet.Value( "A" ) = nil // Won't add it again
if mySet.HasKey( "b" ) then
 ...
end if
You could also design a class around this if you want a better or clearer API.
1 Like
its more or less a array where you add a value only once. and after that the values not change.
you could use extends to add this feature to an array, using a method to check
if value is not there, or create a simple class that simulate your set if you need 100% the same.
As I would understand it, one advantage of Kem's approach is that Searches (and establishing whether something is or is not a member) will be faster using a Dictionary than an Array. Searching in a large Dictionary using a Key is fast. Searching a large Array using a value is not so fast.
Thanks for the replies. Kem's solution seems to be the best, since using an array would forgo the runtime advantages of a dictionary.
@Kem, I have a question about line 4 of your example. Are string keys in Xojo case-insensitive?
From: _URL_
An object that contains a list of key-value pairs. Both keys and values are Variants. ASCII String keys are case-insensitive, but non-ASCII String keys can be case-sensitive. String keys are encoding-sensitive.
and
String Key Differences
Dictionaries use hashes for their lookup functions. Because of this, string keys need to match exactly; otherwise the dictionary will not consider them equal. The only exception to this rule is with regard to string case. The characters "a" and "A" are treated as identical in dictionary keys because of a case-insensitive hashing function. However, non-ASCII characters such as "é" and "É" are not treated as identical in dictionary keys, even though they are equal in a direct string comparison.
While a UTF-16 string can be compared to a UTF-8 function in your code, they will provide different hashes when working with dictionaries.
Edit: also a good read:
2 Likes
Thanks for finding that link. I've updated it with API 2.0 calls.


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Generalization, Specialization and Aggregation in DBMS
Speculation Specialization and Aggregation in DBMS are deliberation systems used to model data. The reflection is the instrument used to shroud the unnecessary points of interest of an arrangement of articles.
For instance, vehicle is a reflection that incorporates the sort's auto, jeep and transport.
In this way, the two deliberation instruments used to model data:
- Speculation (Specialization is the opposite procedure of Generalization)
Generalization in DBMS
Speculation is an abstracting procedure of review sets of items as a solitary general class by focusing on the general attributes of the constituent sets while stifling or overlooking their disparities.
In basic terms, Generalization is a procedure of removing normal attributes from two or more classes and joining them into a summed up superclass. In this way, it is a base up methodology as two or lower lever substances are consolidated to shape a more elevated amount element.
The normal qualities implies here properties or techniques.
Notation of Generalization
Generalization is represented by a triangle with a line.
Generalization is an IS_A relationship
Example of Generalization:
For instance, a Part_Time Employee and Full_Time Employee element sets can be summed up as EMPLOYEE substance sets;
- The Full_Time_Employee is a speculation of the substance set Faculty and Staff;
- The Part_Time_Employee is a speculation of the substance set teaching and casual.
Bike element is not appeared as it doesn't fulfill conditions for a subtype in light of the fact that it has every one of the credits normal to all vehicles. In this way, there are no ascribes particular to cruisers. Further, MOTORCYCLE does not have a relationship to another substance sort.
Specialization in DBMS
Specialization might be seen as the opposite procedure of Generalization. Specialization is the abstracting procedure of acquainting new qualities with a current class of items to make one or all the more new classes of articles.
In basic terms, a gathering of substances in specialization can be classified into sub-bunches in view of their attributes. So it is a top-down methodology in which one larger amount substance can be separated into two lower level element. It characterizes one or more subtypes of the supertypes and framing supertype/subtype connections.
In the above case, Faculty and Staff acquires the characteristic pay of the substance set Full_Time_Employee and last mentioned, thus acquires the properties of Employee. In this way, Faculty and Staff is a specialization of Full_Time_Employee and Full_Time_Employee is a specialization of Employee.
Additionally, Teaching and Casual acquires the quality Wage of the element set Part_Time_Employee and last mentioned, thus acquires the traits of Employee. Along these lines, Teaching and Casual is a specialization of Part_Time_Employee and Part_Time_Employee is a specialization of Employee.
Aggregation in DBMS
Conglomeration is the procedure of ordering data on an item, in this way abstracting a larger amount object. So, an element Person is inferred by amassing the qualities name, house_no., city and government managed savings number(SSN).
Another type of total says that it is abstracting a relationship in the middle of articles and survey the relationship as an item. Along these lines, in Figure below, the Enrollment relationship between substances understudy and Course element can be seen as element REGISTRATION.
In simple terms, Aggregation is a process when relation between two entities is treated as a single entity.
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Home » Future of Research » Examining the Difference Between Market, Medical, and Scientific Researchers
Future of Research
Examining the Difference Between Market, Medical, and Scientific Researchers
Larry Friedman, Ph.D.
Co-Editor, GreenBook Blog
The "Jonas Salk Middle School" is a few miles from my house. I remember being impressed the first time I saw it because local schools get named for someone who has had a major impact on the community or the world.
It is appropriate for a school to be named after Salk. He discovered the first vaccine for Polio, which had ravished the United States and the world. His discovery literally saved millions.
I recently read that Salk never made a penny off the vaccine; he didn't patent it and viewed it as a gift to the world.
There are other schools around the world named after scientists like Einstein, Curie, and Pasteur. Einstein, ironically, was working in the Swiss Patent Office in 1905 when he wrote a series of papers that changed physics, including special relativity. He never patented any of it.
I am unaware of any local schools named after a market researcher.
Why is that?
Commercial appeal
It isn't that market researchers are bad people. Most are good people who are charitable and devote time to improving their communities.
I think the main reason you won't find schools named after market researchers is that market research is fundamentally a commercial enterprise, unlike basic scientific research or medical research, which primarily aim to better mankind (and no, I am not idealizing scientific researchers; I have read too many academic satires by David Lodge for that).
Basic scientific/medical research is essentially an open process. Anyone should be able to replicate your work after reading your report in a refereed journal. It is the job of editors and anonymous referees to make sure everything is on the up and up. In medical research, that is done commercially by pharma companies; the FDA ensures the methods used prove the new drug has the claimed benefits.
Protecting Assets
The commercial world of market research is not open because it is fundamentally about getting a commercial advantage. There is a veil of secrecy that is always kept up, either by clients or by market research companies.
The best work I've done in my career for clients has been kept hidden so their competitors don't find out. If I wanted to speak about it at a conference, I had to blind it so nobody really knew who I was speaking about, or what I really found.
Market research companies gain commercial advantage by developing proprietary services. They don't get a patent for them unless there is some technology involved. In speaking or writing about them, critical components are kept hidden; otherwise, they could be ripped off. Clients don't get the full story about validation the way a refereed science journal or the FDA would demand.
Therefore, the commercial world of market research is essentially a "buyer beware" world. The overwhelming majority of market researchers I've met do their best, but at the end of the day, you never really know what you're getting.
Organizations like the ARF and MSI do yeoman's work in getting the validation that only real openness can provide, but they only touch a small percentage of market research.
I'd love to see a local school named for a market researcher, but it will only happen for something they did outside of market research.
Larry Friedman, Ph.D., Co-Editor, GreenBook Blog, [email protected]
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The console package contains a set of classes required to route and dispatch incoming console requests. Moreover it contains the console front-controller file (lithium.php) as well as wrappers for both *nix and Windows environments (li3 and li3.bat respectively), allowing to easily invoke the console front-controller from the command line.
A command is to the command line what an action controller is to the HTTP request/response flow. In that commands are quite similar to controllers. Commands don't leverage the full MVC as they don't utilize views, but directly interact with the user through in() and out().
li3 itself provides amongst others commands for creating new applications or parts thereof. However commands can also be provided through other libraries or by your application. Commands running in the application context will have complete access to your application. This is especially useful to reuse existing logic in an application's model when creating a command to be run as i.e. a cron-job.
Invoking the front-controller
You invoke the console front-controller through one of the wrappers provided, as shown below. The examples shown are relative to the root directory of a standard li3 distribution. The first is for users on a *nix command line the second for users on a Windows system.
Invoking the wrapper like that (without arguments) should give you a list of available commands.
Built-in commands
Using the commands which come with lithium is easy. Invoke the wrapper without any arguments to get a list of all available commands. Get a description about each command and the options and arguments it accepts or may require by using the help command.
li3 help
li3 help create
li3 help g11n
Creating custom commands
Creating your own commands is very easy. A few fundamentals:
 - All commands inherit from lithium\console\Command.
 - Commands are normally placed in your application or library's extensions/command directory.
Here's an example command:
namespace app\extensions\command;
class HelloWorld extends \lithium\console\Command {
 public function run() {
 $this->header('Welcome to the Hello World command!');
 $this->out('Hello, World!');
If you would like to try this command, create an application or use an existing application, place the command into the application's extensions/commands directory and save it as HelloWorld.php. After doing so open a shell and change directory to your application's directory and run the following command:
li3 hello_world
Although it's probably obvious, when this command runs it will output a nice header with the text Welcome to the Hello World command! and some regular text Hello, World! after it.
The public method run() is called on your command instance every time your command has been requested to run. From this method you can add your own command logic.
Parsing options and arguments
Parsing options and arguments to commands should be simple. In fact, the parsing is already done for you.
Short and long (GNU-style) options in the form of -f, --foo, --foo-bar and --foo=bar are automatically parsed and exposed to your command instance through its properties. XF68-style long options (i.e. -foo) are not supported by default but support can be added by extending the console router.
Arguments are passed directly to the invoked method.
Let's look at an example, going back to the hello_world command from earlier:
namespace app\extensions\command;
class HelloWorld extends \lithium\console\Command {
 public $recipient;
 public function run() {
 $this->out('Hello, '. ($this->recipient?: 'World'). '!');
Notice the additional property $recipient? Great! Now when --recipient is passed to the hello_world command, the recipient property on your command instance will be set to whatever was passed into the command at runtime.
Try it out with the following command:
li3 hello_world --recipient=AwesomeGuy
You should get a special greeting from our good old hello_world command.


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The Bc meson is the bound state of bc̄ (or b̄c) whose recent detection is the first step toward completion of the spectroscopy of heavy quark mesonic states. The b-c states have properties that conveniently fill the gap between the J/ψ and the γ states. Thus it is probable that at RHIC the Bc mesons will serve as a probe of deconfined matter. We find that significant differences arise for Bc formation in deconfined and confined matter. Our initial calculations suggest that: (a) The rates of normal hadronic production mechanisms at RHIC energies are not sufficient to produce a detectable number of Bc mesons. (b) If a region of deconfined quarks and gluons is formed, the production (and survival) rate can be enhanced by several orders of magnitude. (c) The observation of Bc mesons at RHIC would signal a source of deconfined charmed quarks, and the rate of Bc production will be a measure of the initial density and temperature of that source.
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Physics and Astronomy(all)


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Renaming pictures according to their shooting date is a straightforward way to merge photo sets coming from multiple cameras. On Linux, the exiv2 tool does the trick:
exiv2 -r'%F_%H-%M-%S_:basename:' rename $(ls \*.JPG)
The date format is the same as in the standard date command (where %F is a shortcut for %Y-%m-%d). If you omit the :basename: part of the pattern, which is automatically replaced with the file's original name, you may run into multiple photos getting the same file name: in this case, exiv2 will ask whether to overwrite, rename or skip them. As far as I know, you can't get more time precision than seconds from EXIF metadata.
I usually resize images to an 800-pixel width before sending, which can be done seamlessly using the mogrify script from ImageMagick:
mogrify -resize 800 -auto-orient $(ls \*.JPG)
By default, this tool preserves the image aspect-ratio, so you don't need to specify the full output resolution and the width (800) is enough.
Cameras usually store picture orientation in the image's metadata, while pixel data corresponds to the camera's sensor coordinates. That is, when you take a vertical photo, your camera just stores what it sees, and then adds a flag in the metadata saying "this should be rotated by +/-90 degrees". Image viewers interpret this flag correctly, but web browsers and e-mail clients do not (e.g. when you insert the image directly in an e-mail); this is why I threw the auto-orient flag here, which automatically performs the orientation on the pixel data.


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There are many complicated file formats for reading and writing 3D mesh data. However, if you work only with 3D points in your 3D geometry application, then the ASC file format is a convenient way to read, write and display point data. ASC stands for ASCII and the files have an extension of
.asc. This is a text file format, where each line has the XYZ coordinates of one point, each coordinate separated by whitespace.
For example, the 4 points of a tetrahedron in the ASC format:
-0._PHONE_ 0.12794 0.00447467 -0._PHONE_ 0.128887 0.00190497 -0._PHONE_ 0.151244 0._PHONE_ -0.00228741 0.13015 0._PHONE_
Point data stored as ASC files can be viewed using programs such as MeshLab.


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By NASA Visible Earth
More than a million tons of rocks and dirt covered the road.
A large landslide has strewn debris over a stretch of California's Highway 1. On the night of May 20, 2017, more than a million tons of rocks and dirt spilled over the roadway, according to the California Department of Transportation.
The Operational Land Imager (OLI) on Landsat 8, acquired images of the area on April 20 and May 22, 2017. The center image, acquired by a multispectral imager on the European Space Agency's Sentinel-2 satellite, shows the same location as it appeared…
View original post 212 more words


1. Science
 2. Publications
 3. Information Processing Systems
 4. 3(52)'2006
 5. Formalization of task of optimization of the spatial placing of radio-location mean on locality
Formalization of task of optimization of the spatial placing of radio-location mean on locality
D. Svistunov
Annotations languages:
Formalization of task of optimization of the spatial placing of radio-location mean is considered on locality on the basis of complex analysis of digital cartographic information.
Reference:
Svistunov, D.Iu. (2006), "Formalizatsiia zadachi optimizatsii prostranstvennogo razmeshcheniia radiolokatsionnogo sredstva na mestnosti", Information Processing Systems, Vol. 3(52), pp. 123-129.


Working principle of greenhouse motor
Edit：Weifang Liwang Electric Co., Ltd.UpDate：2019-07-04
Greenhouse motorIt is the integration of reducer and motor (motor). This integration may also be called a gear motor or gear motor. The geared motor is a fixed speed motor. Once the speed ratio is selected, the motor is selected and the output speed is fixed.
The greenhouse motor is mainly used for driving the sunshade net and window opening inside and outside the greenhouse. Its working principle is as follows:
The reduction motor drives the drive shaft to rotate, and the drive shaft drives the A-type gear to rotate, and the gear rotation causes the frame to reciprocate. Because the frame and the push rod are connected together, the push rod and the frame move at the same time. The driving side profile and the push-pull rod are connected by a push rod connecting clamp, and one end of the sunshade is fixed on the driving side profile, thereby shading. With the reciprocating movement of the driving edge profile, the curtain can be opened and closed.
The reducer is used to change the speed and output torque to provide high torque and low speed. Reducer speed ratio=input / output speed, if the revolution ratio is 100, the output torque is about 100 times the input torque. (Rotational speed slows down and torque increases)
One of the heavy parts in the greenhouse motor is the limit device. The quality of the limit device directly affects the stability of the geared motor and the accuracy of the positioning of the system such as curtain drawing and window opening. So how can we determine the quality of the limit device? This requires users to try it by themselves. After buying a new geared motor, first try to check whether the limit device is sensitive before use. After connecting the motor power line and limit signal line according to the manual under no-load state, power on to see if the limit device It is important to be able to cut off the power supply of the motor as required and stop it accurately.


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Liko Vest for StandingShell is intended for raising patients who are practicing to stand with the aid of a standing shell.
A standing shell is much appreciated as an aid for disabled children and youths. However, applying the standing shell manually and raising the child in it can be very strenuous for the caregiver. But with the right lifting aids, these problems can be avoided.
We recommend the use of a lift and sling, for example SilhouetteSling, for lifting the child to the standing shell. For convenient access when it is time to lift the child out of the shell, SilhouetteSling is left inside the shell while the child is standing.
Vest for StandingShell is used during the actual raising operation and is placed outside the standing shell when the child is lying down, then connected to a patient lift. We recommend one of Liko's overhead lifts or the mobile lift Golvo. The raising is accomplished securely and controlled by patient lift.
Before lifting, keep the following points in mind:
- Choose a larger size of Vest for StandingShell than you would if you were using Liko MasterVest for the same patient.
- Leg Harnesses are included in the product to prevent the vest from sliding up along the standing shell.


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Cost of Power Interruptions to Electricity Consumers in the United States
Kristina Hamachi LaCommare and Joseph H. Eto
The massive electric power blackout in the northeastern U.S. and Canada on August 14-15, 2003 catalyzed discussions about modernizing the U.S. electricity grid. Industry sources suggested that investments of $50 to $100 billion would be needed. This work seeks to better understand an important piece of information that has been missing from these discussions: what do power interruptions and fluctuations in power quality (power-quality events) cost electricity consumers? The authors have developed a bottom-up approach for assessing the cost to U.S. electricity consumers of power interruptions and power-quality events (referred to collectively as "reliability events"). The approach can be used to help assess the potential benefits of investments in improving the reliability of the grid. They have also developed a new estimate based on publicly available information, and assessed how uncertainties in these data affect this estimate using sensitivity analysis.
Document Type:
Technical paper