text:
Security Challenges in Relations between Turkey and the European Union
Purpose: The aim of the article is to analyze the security problems that have emerged between Turkey and the European Union in recent years. The subject of the research was to gain extensive knowledge about contemporary relations between Turkey and the European Union. This goal was achieved by trying to analyze the most important factors determining the Turkish and Union foreign policy. Approach/Methodology/Design: IDI research was used in the study. These methods include conducting in-depth interviews with the government officials, as well as representatives of the international institutions responsible for the foreign policy. Moreover, CAWI techniques were used in the study. The study was conducted at the turn of 2018 and 2021. Findings: Turkey plays a key role in the security of the European Union. Currently is hosting about 4 million refugees. Moreover, Turkey has been a major transit route for European jihadists heading to the Middle East. However, Turkey is exploiting the migrant crisis and the jihadists to gain political concessions. It wishes to soften the EU's sanction against its policy in the potentially oil-rich regions of the eastern Mediterranean. Practical implications: The results of this research may prove very useful in the context of ongoing academic discussions on the terrorist threat in the region and the dynamics and development of events in the Middle East. The article may indicate what policy should be implicate toward Turkey. Originality/Value: The article attempts to fill a gap in the literature on the subject. Research approach may clarify the essence of the relationship between Turkey and the European Union. Thus, the results of these studies may prove very useful in the context of the ongoing academic debates surrounding the role of Turkey in the region and what is its dynamics and the interest toward the Europe. Project may indicate what policies should be adopted by the Western countries in relation to Turkey. Besides, it is unlikely that future developments in the Middle East will lead to the end of the war in the region, and therefore this analytical work will remain important for many readers, including scholars, who want to broaden their knowledge and understand the role of Turkey in international relations.


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The power conversion efficiency of an ultrathin CuIn1−ξGaξSe2 (CIGS) solar cell was maximized using a coupled optoelectronic model to determine the optimal bandgap grading of the nonhomogeneous CIGS layer in the thickness direction. The bandgap of the CIGS layer was either sinusoidally or linearly graded, and the solar cell was modeled to have a metallic backreflector corrugated periodically along a fixed direction in the plane. The model predicts that specially tailored bandgap grading can significantly improve the efficiency, with much smaller improvements due to the periodic corrugations. An efficiency of 27.7% with the conventional 2200-nm-thick CIGS layer is predicted with sinusoidal bandgap grading, in comparison to 22% efficiency obtained experimentally with homogeneous bandgap. Furthermore, the inclusion of sinusoidal grading increases the predicted efficiency to 22.89% with just a 600-nm-thick CIGS layer. These high efficiencies arise due to a large electron–hole pair generation rate in the narrow-bandgap regions and the elevation of the open-circuit voltage due to a wider bandgap in the region toward the front surface of the CIGS layer. Thus, bandgap nonhomogeneity, in conjunction with periodic corrugation of the backreflector, can be effective in realizing ultrathin CIGS solar cells that can help overcome the scarcity of indium.
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
- Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
- Engineering (miscellaneous)
- Electrical and Electronic Engineering

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


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The ruins of a Buddhist temple dating back 1,500 years ago have been discovered in China's largest desert, offering valuable research material for historians studying Buddhism's spread from India to China.
As one of the largest sand deserts in the world, the Taklimakan Desert covers an area of 330,000 square kilometers and houses numerous ancient ruins. [File photo]
The temple's main hall, with a rare structure based around three square-shaped corridors and a huge Buddha statue - now missing - has been uncovered after two months of hard work in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Dr Wu Xinhua, the leading archaeologist of the excavation project, said yesterday.
"The hall is the largest of its kind found in the Taklimakan Desert since the first archaeologist came to the area in the 20th century," said Wu, also head of the Xinjiang archeological team of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences.
The ruins are in the south of the Taklimakan Desert, in the Tarim Basin, known as the Damago Oasis in the ancient kingdom of Khotan, a Buddhist civilization thought to date to the 3rd century BC.
Temple halls with square-shaped corridors stemmed from early Buddhist architecture in India, and gradually disappeared after the Northern and Southern Dynasties (420AD-589AD), when Buddhist architecture in China began to pick up its own characteristics, according to Xiao Huaiyan, a member of the excavation team and a former researcher at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences.
It is so far the best Buddhist site for scholars to study how the religion arrived in China, and its early development in the country, said Wu.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Bringing you businesses, events, leisure & holidays, shopping and lots more.
Kilclief Castle is named for the nearby church of Kilclief, the following explanation is taken from P W Joyce's book Irish Local Names Explained.
Cill-cleithe [Kilcleha], the hurdle church (cliath). The original church was constructed of hurdles, after the early Irish fashion.
Reputedly built by John Sely, who was Bishop of Down from 1429 to 1443, if these dates are correct it is the earliest dateable tower house in County Down. It is situated on the western shore of Strangford Lough overlooking the entrance to Strangford Narrows. It is a tower house of gatehouse type with entrance defended between two projections. On the second floor a thirteenth century coffin lid from a nearby church was reused as a lintel for the fireplace.
Bishop Sely lived in the castle until 1443 when he was stripped of his post and ejected from the castle because he was living with a married woman Lettice Whailey Savage, of Smithing-Upon-Down, England. During her lifetime Mrs Savage amassed a collection of rare ceramics, said to have amounted to some 4,000 items, after her death the collection was sold by her son Hibner Smythe.
During the rebellion of Hugh O'Neill Kilclief castle was garrisoned for the Crown by Nicholas Fitzsimons and ten warders in 1601-2.
Situated a little to the west of Kilclief Castle is a small Church of Ireland parish church this may have been built on the site of an early Irish Abbey.
The test below is taken from Samuel Lewis' Topographical Directory of County Down published in 1837
"Here was formerly an abbey under St. Eugene and St. Neill, disciples of St. Patrick ; also an hospital for lepers, of which there are still some small remains. "
Opening Hours July / August Tues - Sat 10.00 - 6.00 p.m.
Sunday 2.00 - 6.00 p.m.
Admission: Adult £0.75, Child / OAP £0.40
Directions: 2 ½ miles south of Strangford on A2
Read about the parish of Kilclief in 1837 from Lewis' Orthographical Survey of Ireland.


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ABOUT THIS BOOK
Ethics in the Gutter: Empathy and Historical Fiction in Comics explores an often-overlooked genre of graphic narratives: those that fictionalize historical realities. While autographics, particularly those that place the memoirist in the context of larger cultural conversations, have been the objects of sustained study, fictional graphic narratives that—as Linda Hutcheon has put it—both "enshrine and question" history are also an important area of study. By bringing narratology and psychological theory to bear on a range of graphic narratives, Kate Polak seeks to question how the form utilizes point of view and the gutter as ethical tools that shape the reader's empathetic reactions to the content.
This book's most important questions surround how we receive and interpret representations of history, considering the ways in which what we think we know about historical atrocities can be at odds with the convoluted circumstances surrounding violence. Beginning with a new look at Watchmen, and including examinations of such popular series as Scalped and Hellblazer as well as Bayou and Deogratias, the book questions how graphic narratives create an alternative route by which to understand large-scale violence. Ethics in the Gutter explores how graphic narrative representations of violence can teach readers about the possibilities and limitations of empathy and ethics.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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The goal of Companion Resources is to help ordinary people meet the extraordinary challenges of living. We focus especially on lifelong disabilities of all kinds, including chronic mental illness. We are concerned about persons directly affected by disabilities as well as family members who support them. Our work leads us also to concerns about poverty and community.
Companion Resources is built on four key concepts:
- Learning – Understanding the conditions that bring challenges into people's lives.
- Companionship – Turning that understanding into healthy relationships of mutual love and care.
- Community – Building life-giving social structures that encourage and nourish the diversity of persons and their abilities.
- Resources – Mobilizing the gifts we have been given toward this community-building enterprise.


text:
Invisible Emotion, Anxiety and Fear: Quantifying the Mind Using EKG with mDFA
Fluctuation or variation of the heartbeat represents momently varying inner emotional tension. Can this psychological variations of the inner world, anxiety for example, is detectable and even quantifiable? Our answer to the question: Using a long-time electrocardiogram (EKG), we quantified them. We recorded EKGs by our own EKG amplifiers. The amplifier has a newly designed electric circuit, which enable us to record a stable EKG. The amplifier made it possible to record a perfect EKG where the EKG trace never jump-out from the PC monitor screen. Using this amplifier, we captured approximately 2000 heartbeats without missing a single beat. For the analysis of the EKGs, we used "modified detrended fluctuation analysis (mDFA)" technique, which we have recently developed by our group. The mDFA calculates the scaling exponent (SI, scaling index) from the time series data, i.e., the R-R interval time series data obtained from EKG. Detecting 2000 consecutive peaks, the mDFA can distinguish between a normal and an abnormal heart: a normal healthy heartbeat exhibits an SI of around 1.0, comparable to the fluctuations exemplified as the 1/f spectrum. The heartbeat recorded from subjects who have stress and anxiety exhibited a lower SI. Arrhythmic heartbeats and extra-systolic heartbeats both also exhibited a low SI ~0.7, for example. We propose that the mDFA technique is a useful computation method for checking health. The functional capabilities of various internal systems, such as the circulatory system and the autonomic nervous system, can be quantified by using mDFA.


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What does False Acceptance mean?
False acceptance is an error in biometrics that causes an unauthorized person to be authenticated. Biometrics uses distinguishing human characteristics as a mode of authentication, such as fingerprints or voice. False acceptance is the most serious biometric security problem, as it permits unauthorized users to access sensitive systems.
Techopedia explains False Acceptance
For example, assume that User A owns a laptop, which boots using a fingerprinting mechanism. User B tries to log on to User A's laptop. If User B succeeds, this is false acceptance. In reality, no biometric system is ideal, so the best designers can do is to minimize false positive results.
One way of determining the accuracy of a biometric system is by calculating the false acceptance ratio. An independent trial may be conducted to test the system, using people with different physical characteristics. To obtain an accurate reading, many participants need to be involved. Facial recognition can fail in low light conditions due to poor picture quality. Similarly, voice recognition systems may fail in a noisy environment. Testing helps determine situations where false positives are likely to occur and thus minimize them.
Do you work in the tech industry? Help us learn more about why
the gender gap still exists in tech by taking this quick survey!
Survey respondents will also be entered to win a $100 Amazon Gift Card!


When you use the Open With context menu, Windows 2000 records the program used to open the file extension.
If you accidentally opened a file with the wrong program, you can remove the entry:
1. Use Regedt32 to navigate to HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\FileExts\<.extention>\OpenWithList.
2. Each entry uses a value name that is a letter, as in a, and a data string which is the program that opened the file, like Notepad.exe. Locate the program that you wish to delete and record the value name. Delete this value name.
3. Edit the MRUList value name and remove the letter that you deleted.


_USER_{NBERw14906, title = "Motivating Politicians: The Impacts of Monetary Incentives on Quality and Performance", author = "Claudio Ferraz and Frederico Finan", institution = "National Bureau of Economic Research", type = "Working Paper", series = "Working Paper Series", number = "14906", year = "2009", month = "April", doi = {10.3386/w14906}, URL = "_URL_ abstract = {Recent studies have emphasized the importance of the quality of politicians for good government and consequently economic performance. But if the quality of leadership matters, then understanding what motivates individuals to become politicians and perform competently in office becomes a central question. In this paper, we examine whether higher wages attract better quality politicians and improve political performance using exogenous variation in the salaries of local legislators across Brazil's municipal governments. The analysis exploits discontinuities in wages across municipalities induced by a constitutional amendment defining caps on the salary of local legislatures according to municipal population. Our main findings show that higher wages increases political competition and improves the quality of legislators, as measured by education, type of previous profession, and political experience in office. In addition to this positive selection, we find that wages also affect politicians' performance, which is consistent with a behavioral response to a higher value of holding office.}, }


text:
CAINA (Cloud-Aerosol Interactions in a Nitrogen-dominated Atmosphere) project is investigating how aerosols and clouds interact under high reactive nitrogen concentrations, by combining field experiments, chamber studies and modelling. This nitrogen-dominated regime is starting to emerge in many regions of the Earth and needs to be better understood. CAINA project team makes extensive use of the Ruisdael observatory with its advanced in-situ and remote sensing infrastructure. More details about the CAINA project can be found here.
The team is inviting applications for four PhD positions within the CAINA project. In exceptional cases, highly qualified post-docs will be considered as well. They are looking for enthusiastic PhD students with a background in environmental or atmospheric sciences, physics, engineering or chemistry and a strong interest in pollution, clouds and climate. Students will be part of the CAINA research community and participate in a large, international field campaign, yearly workshops, and regular CAINA student meetings. Research stays at CAINA project's international partners can be facilitated. In addition, all students receive a budget for training activities and professional development.
The CAINA team consists of atmospheric scientists from 4 Dutch Universities (University of Groningen, Wageningen University, TU Delft, and Utrecht University) in collaboration with project partners from Germany (MPIC-Mainz, Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology) and from Cyprus (The Cyprus Institute). These parties closely collaborate on the project, combining expertise in atmospheric and aerosol physics, atmospheric chemistry, cloud remote sensing, and atmospheric modelling.
For more information, please contact PI Uli Dusek at _EMAIL_


- Will Downs
Draw Schedules for Construction Contracts
The draw schedule is the detailed payment plan for your construction project. It should be clear and agreed upon by both parties. It should also provide you adequate assurance that you will have the funds necessary to complete the project. Along these lines, here are some important considerations for your draw provision:
 - Initial draw: many owners' reluctance to front any payments has caused contractors not to ask for them. That puts contractors behind from the outset. In many other professions (such as legal) it is common to obtain an advance on work performed. Therefore, if having an upfront draw is necessary or advantageous, it doesn't hurt to ask for or require one.
 - Timing of draws: what triggers the payment of draws? Think about whether you need/prefer set dates for draws, or whether the draws should be tied to percentage completion. If they're tied to completion, then who decides on the completion progress? If the project is being financed by a construction loan, then the bank will determine progress. Even if it's not a construction loan, it may be advantageous to build into your pricing the cost of hiring a 3rd party inspector to conduct inspections to verify percentage completion - this way, the owner doesn't just have to rely on you (or vice versa).
 - Retainage: how much should be withheld pending completion of the punch list? It's common for the owner (or lender) to withhold a certain amount at the end of the project for final payment after the punch list is completed. But there is no set standard on the amount that should be withheld. As a contractor, you should try and negotiate retainage out of the contract altogether, or at least negotiate down the percentage amount that is withheld.
 - Manner of payment: How should payments be made? The goal is to get paid as quickly and effortlessly as possible. Wire or bank transfers are best for this purpose. If the owner or bank wishes to pay by check, make sure there is a clear deadline in your contract for when the check must be delivered to you. For instance, you could include a provision that the check should be delivered to you within three business days of the benchmark (completion %) being met.
The takeaway here is that you need to know for certain when and how you are getting paid. This is important for ensuring you have the funds you need to allocate to the project. If a payment deadline is missed, you need to know about it as soon as possible so that you can stop work if necessary to ensure you will not be out additional time and money.
At Downs Law, we understand that construction agreements can be confusing - but they don't have to be. In our free e-book, we've taken 10 important contract provisions and distilled them into plain, understandable language. You will be able to use these as a guide to determine whether your contract is on solid footing, or whether it needs more attention. And as always, we're here for you if you need help. Contact us!


» aws_autoscaling_schedule
Provides an AutoScaling Schedule resource.
» Example Usage
resource "aws_autoscaling_group" "foobar" {
 availability_zones = ["us-west-2a"]
 name = "terraform-test-foobar5"
 max_size = 1
 min_size = 1
 health_check_grace_period = 300
 health_check_type = "ELB"
 force_delete = true
 termination_policies = ["OldestInstance"]
}
resource "aws_autoscaling_schedule" "foobar" {
 scheduled_action_name = "foobar"
 min_size = 0
 max_size = 1
 desired_capacity = 0
 start_time = "2016-12-11T18:00:00Z"
 end_time = "2016-12-12T06:00:00Z"
 autoscaling_group_name = "${aws_autoscaling_group.foobar.name}"
}
» Argument Reference
The following arguments are supported:
 - autoscaling_group_name - (Required) The name or Amazon Resource Name (ARN) of the Auto Scaling group.
 - scheduled_action_name - (Required) The name of this scaling action.
 - start_time - (Optional) The time for this action to start, in "YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ssZ" format in UTC/GMT only (for example, 2014-06-01T00:00:00Z ). If you try to schedule your action in the past, Auto Scaling returns an error message.
 - end_time - (Optional) The time for this action to end, in "YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ssZ" format in UTC/GMT only (for example, 2014-06-01T00:00:00Z ). If you try to schedule your action in the past, Auto Scaling returns an error message.
 - recurrence - (Optional) The time when recurring future actions will start. Start time is specified by the user following the Unix cron syntax format.
 - min_size - (Optional) The minimum size for the Auto Scaling group. Default 0. Set to -1 if you don't want to change the minimum size at the scheduled time.
 - max_size - (Optional) The maximum size for the Auto Scaling group. Default 0. Set to -1 if you don't want to change the maximum size at the scheduled time.
 - desired_capacity - (Optional) The number of EC2 instances that should be running in the group. Default 0. Set to -1 if you don't want to change the desired capacity at the scheduled time.
» Attribute Reference
 - arn - The ARN assigned by AWS to the autoscaling schedule.


Why should I study in Beijing, China?
Why should I study in Beijing?
5 reasons to study abroad in Beijing, China
The Chinese capital captivates as one of the most populous cities in the world with a more than 3,000 year old city history. Many sights and world-famous universities complete the cityscape.
 1. How big is Beijing?
 The size of a city can make a big difference on your study experience. Some students prefer the feel and pace of larger busy cities, while some may prefer a smaller and calmer feel. Whatever your preference, U-Multirank has you covered. Beijing averages a population of about 21500000 residents and covers some 16807 km2.
 2. How many universities and colleges are located in, or around Beijing, China?
 U-Multirank includes 18 colleges and universities in or near the Beijing area. To explore some of the colleges and universities in Beijing, click on the university names below, or visit our Study in China page.
 3. Do I need a language certificate to study in Beijing, China?
 4. Is Beijing, China a safe place to study?
 Safety is an important point to consider when studying abroad. According to the current Numbeo Safety Index, Beijing has a score of 66 – ranking it at number 119 of 374 cities globally for safety.
 5. Is Beijing, China an expensive city to live in?
 The cost of living can play a major factor in deciding where to study. Aside from tuition fees, students should consider the local cost of living – including items like housing, food, and social life. According to the current Numbeo Cost of Living Index, Beijing has a score of 45.26 – ranking it at number 91 of 476 cities globally for the cost of living (the higher the ranking, the more expensive the cost of living is).
Where is Beijing?
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text:
Introduction | Specific Types of Disabilities | Documentation Requirements | How is Documentation Reviewed? | Requests for Further Review | Letter to Faculty Form | Typical Accommodation Requests | Confidentiality | Campus Resources | Other Local Disability Resource Coordinators | Disabilities and the Law | The University of Rochester's Policy
Letter to Faculty Form
Students meet with their access coordinator to review their personal accommodation letters. This letter lists the student's in-class accommodations (i.e., extended time, alternate text location, note taker, FM system, etc.). If students wish to inform any or all of their instructors about these accommodations, they should download the Letter to Faculty Form as a PDF and return it to _EMAIL_. Alternatively, the Letter to Faculty form can be obtained at CETL in 1-154 Dewey Hall.
The Letter to Faculty form must be completed each semester in which a student wishes to inform his or her instructors.


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This one is for my Quantity Surveyor friends who love to put together depreciation schedules…
The Commissioner has released a draft Taxation Ruling that considers whether a composite item is itself a depreciating asset or whether its components are separate depreciating assets.
And this is a great question. How far down do we break something down before we start claiming depreciation on it? Part, compound, element, proton, quark?
The Commissioner states that for a component of a composite assets to be considered to be a separate depreciating asset, it is necessary that the component is capable of being separately identified as having commercial and economic value.
The main principles that need to be taken into account in determining whether a composite item is a single depreciating asset are:
- Whether the depreciating asset will tend to be the item that performs a separate identifiable function;
- Whether the asset is an item that performs a discrete function;
- Whether there is a high degree of physical integration of the components;
- Whether attaching the item to another asset, varies the performance of that asset; and
- Whether the item is purchased as a system to function together as a whole and which are necessarily connected in their operation.
The draft ruling has a series of examples that use these factors. For example, the draft Ruling concludes that:
- Connected warehouse storage racks are a single depreciable asset but unconnected racks are not;
- A desktop computer package, including a monitor, keyboard and a mouse, is a single depreciable asset but an additional printer is not;
- A mainframe and 50 slave terminals is a single depreciating asset;
- A built-in GPS unit in a car is a part of the car but a portable GPS unit is not; and
- A solar system is a single depreciable asset.
However, it is worth noting that in many cases adding a new component is a separate depreciable asset and not a modification to the existing asset. For example, adding additional solar panels to a current system will see the new panels treated as a separate depreciable asset.


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Resolve issues with encryption key
This topic discusses solutions to typical issues you might experience with Magento Commerce encryption key in your environments.
For a new Starter project, the Magento encryption key is on your
master branch Production environment. When you branch to other environments, the key travels with the code and database.
For a new Pro project starting with a "blank site" Magento Commerce (Cloud) template, the Magento encryption key is on the Integration
master branch and environment until you initially deploy across all environments.
Encryption key not in all environments
All Cloud environments require this encryption key in all three environments or the store will encounter authentication and authorization errors for actions like completing a payment on a cart, processing a return, and adding shipping to orders.
To verify and update the encryption key environment variable:
SSH to each of the Cloud environments: Integration, Staging, and Production.
app/etc/env.phpin a text editor.
- Verify the existing value of
crypt. The value should be your Magento Commerce key.
- If the value is incorrect, add the key value, and save your changes to
- Exit the text editor and repeat this process for each environment. Test store actions in each environment to verify if the issue persists, such as completing a cart purchase.


Differences in JPA entity locking modes
JPA provides essentially 2 types of locking mechanisms to help synchronize access to entities. Both mechanisms prevent a scenario, where 2 transactions overwrite data of each other without knowing it.
By entity locking, we typically want to prevent following scenario with 2 parallel transactions:
 1. Adam's transaction reads data X
 2. Barbara's transaction reads data X
 3. Adam's transaction modifies data X, and changes it to XA
 4. Adam's transaction writes data XA
 5. Barbara's transaction modifies data X and changes it to XB
 6. Barbara's transaction writes data XB
As a result, changes done by Adam are completely gone and overwritten by Barbara without her even noticing. A scenario like this is sometimes called dirty-read. Obviously, a desired result is that Adam writes XA, and Barbara is forced to review XA changes before writing XB.
How Optimistic Locking works
Optimistic locking is based on assumption that conflicts are very rare, and if they happen, throwing an error is acceptable and more convenient than preventing them. One of the transactions is allowed to finish correctly, but any other is rolled back with an exception and must be re-executed or discarded.
With optimistic locking, here is possible scenario for Adam and Barbara:
 1. Adam's transaction reads data X
 2. Barbara's transaction reads data X
 4. Adam's transaction writes data XA
 5. Barbara's transaction modifies data X and changes it to XB
 6. Barbara's transaction tries to write data XB, but receives and error
 7. Barbara needs to read data XA (or start a completely new transaction)
 8. Barbara's transaction modifies data XA and changes it to XAB
 9. Barbara's transaction writes data XAB
As you see, Barbara is forced to review Adam's changes, and if she decides, she may modify Adam's changes and save them (merge the changes). Final data contains both Adam's and Barbara's changes.
Optimistic locking is fully controlled by JPA. It requires additional version column in DB tables. It is completely independent of underlying DB engine used to store relational data.
How pessimistic locking works
For some, pessimistic locking is considered very natural. When transaction needs to modify an entity, which could be modified in parallel by another transaction, transaction issues a command to lock the entity. All locks are retained until the end of transaction and they are automatically released afterwards.
With pessimistic locks, the scenario could be like this:
 1. Adam's transaction reads data X
 2. Adam's transaction locks X
 3. Barbara's transaction wants to read data X, but waits as X is already locked
 4. Adam's transaction modifies data X, and changes it to XA
 5. Adam's transaction writes data XA
 6. Barbara's transaction reads data XA
 7. Barbara's transaction modifies data XA and changes it to XAB
 8. Barbara's transaction writes data XAB
As we can see, Barbara is again forced to write XAB, which also contains changes by Adam. However, the solution is completely different from optimistic scenario – Barbara needs to wait for Adam's transaction to finish before even reading the data. Furthermore, we need to issue a lock command manually within both transactions for the scenario to work. (As we are not sure which transaction will be served first, Adam's or Barbara's, both transactions need to lock data before modifying it) Optimistic locking requires more setup than pessimistic locking, with version column needed for every entity, but then we do no need to remember issuing locks in the transactions. JPA does all the checks automatically, we only need to handle possible exceptions.
Pessimistic locking uses locking mechanism provided by underlying database to lock existing records in tables. JPA needs to know how to trigger these locks and some databases do not support completely.
Even JPA specification says, that it is not required to provide PESSIMISTIC_READ (as many DBs support only WRITE locks):
It is permissible for an implementation to use LockModeType.PESSIMISTIC_WRITE
where LockModeType.PESSIMISTIC_READ was requested, but not vice versa.
List of available lock types in JPA
First of all, I would like to say that if _USER_ column is provided within entity, optimistic locking is turned on by default by JPA for such entities. You do not need to issue any lock command. However, at any time, you may issue a lock with one of following lock types:
 1. LockModeType.Optimistic
 - This is really the default. It is usually ignored as stated by ObjectDB. In my opinion it only exists so that you may compute lock mode dynamically and pass it further even if the lock would be OPTIMISTIC in the end. Not very probable usecase though, but it is always good API design to provide an option to reference even the default value.
 - Example:
 - This is a rarely used option. But it could be reasonable, if you want to lock referencing this entity by another entity. In other words you want to lock working with an entity even if it is not modified, but other entities may be modified in relation to this entity.
 - Example:
 - We have entity Book and Shelf. It is possible to add Book to Shelf, but book does not have any reference to its shelf. It is reasonable to lock the action of moving a book to a shelf, so that a book does not end up in 2 shelves. To lock this action, it is not sufficient to lock current book shelf entity, as the book does not have to be on a shelf yet. It also does not make sense to lock all target bookshelves, as they would be probably different in different transactions. The only thing that makes sense is to lock the book entity itself, even if in our case it does not get changed (it does not hold reference to its bookshelf).
 - this mode is similar to LockModeType.PESSIMISTIC_WRITE, but different in one thing: until write lock is in place on the same entity by some transaction, it should not block reading the entity. It also allows other transactions to lock using LockModeType.PESSIMISTIC_READ. The differences between WRITE and READ locks are well explained here (ObjectDB) and here (OpenJPA). However, very often, this behaves as LockModeType.PESSIMISTIC_WRITE, as the specification allows it and many providers do not implement it separately.
 - this is a stronger version of LockModeType.PESSIMISTIC_READ. When WRITE lock is in place, JPA with the help of the database will prevent any other transaction to read the entity, not only to write as with READ lock.
 - this is another rarely used lock mode. However, it is an option where you need to combine PESSIMISTIC and OPTIMISTIC mechanisms. Using plain PESSIMISTIC_WRITE would fail in following scenario:
 1. transaction A uses optimistic locking and reads entity E
 2. transaction B acquires WRITE lock on entity E
 3. transaction B commits and releases lock of E
 4. transaction A updates E and commits
 - in step 4, if version column is not incremented by transaction B, nothing prevents A from overwriting changes of B. Lock mode LockModeType.PESSIMISTIC_FORCE_INCREMENT will force transaction B to update version number and causing transaction A to fail with OptimisticLockException, even though B was using pessimistic locking.
To issue a lock of certain type, JPA provides following means:
You may use any of the two types of lock mechanisms in JPA. It is also possible to mix them if necessary, if you use pessimistic lock of type PESSIMISTIC_FORCE_INCREMENT.
To learn more, read this excellent blog of Vlad Mihalcea.
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Engineer Consultant Positions In UK Defence
In the UK defence sector, there are a multitude of engineering specialists who are needed to develop projects and products to help fulfil various missions. Chemical engineers are needed to develop solutions for water purification processes, the production of meals for the field, and other issues involving chemical reactions. Electrical engineers are needed to ensure that the wiring and control boards of every military vehicle and piece of machinery are working at peak efficiency. Civil engineers need to help military personnel and local leaders develop bridges, temporary settlements, and other structures needed for strategic and humanitarian needs. However, the number of engineering specialists in the UK defence sector is relatively low.
Many engineers choose to work in the private sector, where there are plenty of lucrative jobs available to the right candidates. The limited number of specialists is often out in the field, working in all parts of the world helping fulfil the mission of UK forces. As such, the military and the government rely heavily upon engineering consultants in order to help with domestic issues and consultation about policy. Graduates and young professionals in the United Kingdom who have engineering knowledge and want to be part of the UK defence sector should consider working as a consultant. Engineering firms, consultancies, and government agencies are always looking to cultivate solid young talent into experienced consultants. Engineering consultants often are tasked with more than just military projects, as there are peaks and valleys of consultancy needs.
However, engineering firms often rely heavily upon defence contracting to fulfil their annual quotas. As such, there is a steady stream of work for engineering consultants. Engineer consultant positions in UK defence provide a number of challenges not available in private organizations. After all, consultants often have to deal with expensive military equipment, massive public projects, and consultations about buildings that will hep keep soldiers and officers safe. The importance of the work is often compounded by the difficult environments in which their work needs to be done. The UK defence network covers allies in humid conditions, deserts, and mountainous environments.
These challenges are exhilarating for young professionals who want to use their skills for a greater purpose. There are a variety of ways to find engineer consultant opportunities in the United Kingdom. Graduates can research the leading firms in the engineering field, who will often provide consulting services to the government and military at some point.
As well, young engineering consultants can speak with a recruiter in order to fulfil their need for a great consulting job that involves the defence industry.
Wynnwith defence specialise in defence jobs, engineering jobs, and in particular aerospace engineer jobs and mechanical engineer jobs. The company are a leading provider of candidates to some of the most recognised aerospace and aviation companies worldwide.
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ARES ONE OUTPOST
Return to the locations directory.
The Ares One Outpost is an outpost located on Mars. Originally titled EME-58, the outpost was built in 2058 by NASA and Einla Industries to evaluate and prepare Mars for terraforming and colonization.
History
The Einla Mars Expedition of 2058 was in response to climate disaster on Earth. After years of terraforming and colonization, the Ares One Outpost broke off from Earth into its own sovereign nation known as 'Ares.'


Setting the Alarm Database
The alarm history can be saved either in the IWS proprietary format or to an external SQL Relational database by ADO.
On the Project tab of the ribbon, in the Settings group, click Options. The Project Settings dialog is displayed:
Figure 1. Project Settings - Options tab
The Alarm History and Events interface allows you to configure the following settings:
Field Remarks Syntax
History Life Time (days) The history for alarm/event messages older than the number of days specified in this field are automatically deleted, following a FIFO (First-In, First-Out) behavior. If this field is left in blank, the history of alarms/events are not deleted automatically. Number
History Format Defines the format of the history of alarms/events:
 - Proprietary: Saves the history in the proprietary format. The alarm messages are saved in a text file with the name ALyymmdd.ALH, where:
 - yy is the last two digits of the current year.
 - mm is the month.
 - dd is the day
 There will be one history file for each day. By default, the alarm history files created with the proprietary format are stored in the \Alarm sub-folder of the project. However, it is possible to direct the alarms to a different directory by using the SetAppAlarmPath function from the built-in language.
 - Database: Saves the history in a third-party SQL Relational Database (e.g., SQL Server).
Combo-box
Alarm Database When selecting Database as the format for the history of alarms, the specific settings to interface with the third-party SQL Relational Database can be configured by the dialog launched when pressing this button. For further details about support for third-party SQL Relational Databases, see Database Interface.
When saving the alarm history in the proprietary format, each alarm event is saved in a new line, using the pipe character ( | ) to delimiter the different fields, as illustrated below:
P1|P2|P3|P4|P5|P6|P7|P8|P9|P10|P11|P12|P13|P14|P15|P16|P17|P18|P19|P20|P21
P1|P2|P3|P4|P5|P6|P7|P8|P9|P10|P11|P12|P13|P14|P15|P16|P17|P18|P19|P20|P21
.
.
P1|P2|P3|P4|P5|P6|P7|P8|P9|P10|P11|P12|P13|P14|P15|P16|P17|P18|P19|P20|P21
The format of the history both in proprietary format and in the SQL Relational Database format is described in the following table:
Proprietary SQL Relational Database Remarks File Vers.
Field No. Field Name Field Type
P1 File version (Current = 003) 001
P2 Al_Start_Time Date/Time Start Date (MM/DD/YYYY) 001
P3 Start Time (HH:MM:SS) 001
P4 Al_Tag Text Tag Name 001
P5 Al_Message Text Alarm Message 001
P6 Al_Ack Number Ack, where:
 - 0: Alarm was acknowledged or does not require acknowledgment
 - 1: Alarm was not acknowledged
001
P7 Al_Active Number Active, where:
 - 0: Alarm is not active
 - 1: Alarm is active
001
P8 Al_Tag_Value Number Tag Value when the event occurred 001
P9 Al_Group Number Alarm Group Number 001
P10 Al_Priority Number Priority Number 001
P11 Al_Selection Text Selection 001
P12 Al_Type Number Type, where:
 - 1 is HiHi
 - 2 is Hi(On)
 - 4 is Lo(Off)
 - 8 is LoLo
 - 16 is Rate(Change)
 - 32 is Deviation+
 - 64 is Deviation-
001
P13 Al_Ack_Req Number Ack required, where:
 - 0: Alarm requires acknowledge
 - 1: Alarm does not require acknowldge
001
P14 Al_Norm_Time Date/Time Normalization Date (MM/DD/YYYY) 001
P15 Normalization Time (HH:MM:SS) 001
P16 Al_Ack_Time Date/Time Ack Date (MM/DD/YYYY) 001
P17 Ack Time (HH:MM:SS) 001
P18 Al_User User Name 002
P19 Al_User_Comment Comment 002
P20 Al_User_Full User Full Name 003
P21 Al_Station Station 003
P22 Al_Prev_Tag_Value Number Previous Value 003
P23 Bias Number Time Zone Bias 003
Al_Start_Time_ms Number Number of milliseconds for the Start Time timestamp. This field is used when the database does not support ms in a TimeStamp field. 003
Al_Norm_Time_ms Number Number of milliseconds for the Norm Time timestamp. This field is used when the database does not support ms in a TimeStamp field. 003
Al_Ack_Time_ms Number Number of milliseconds for the Ack Time timestamp. This field is used when the database does not support ms in a TimeStamp field. 003
Al_Deleted Number Deleted, where:
 - 0: Alarm message was not deleted by the user (not visible).
 - 1: Alarm message was deleted by the user (visible).
003
Last_Update Date/Time Timestamp of the last update for this event. 003
Last_Update_ms Number Number of milliseconds for the Last Event timestamp. This field is used when the database does not support ms in a TimeStamp field. 003
Tip: When saving the History Alarms in a SQL Relational Database (File Format = Database), you can customize the name of the columns created in the database by editing the project_name.APP file, as follows:
[Alarm]
DefaultName=NewName
For example:
[Alarm]
Message=Alarm_Message
Ack=Acknowledgment
See also:


text:
Description: The existence of singly, doubly, and triply charged diatomic molecular ions was observed by using an Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) technique. The mean lifetimes of 3 MeV boron diatomic molecular ions were measured. No isotopic effects on the mean lifetimes of boron diatomic molecules were observed for charge state 3+. Also, the mean lifetime of SiF^3+ was measured.
Date: December 1994
Creator: Kim, Yong-Dal


text:
7th December 2015
PEAK India Precision Webinar
Discover how Precision gas generators can transform your GC laboratory
Dr. Ed Connor of PEAK Scientific, in association with First Source Laboratory Solutions, presents an informative webinar on the benefits of switching to laboratory gas generators for Gas Chromatography.
A PEAK Scientific first, this webinar is designed to give GC users in India an insight into the benefits of upgrading their GC gas supply to on-site PEAK Precision generators. The webinar is FREE to attend and will be held at 3pm (Indian Standard Time) on the 15th of December 2015, all you need to do is register by clicking HERE.
Combining convenience and reliability in a stackable and modular design, Precision gas generators are the safe and practical solution for your GC detector, reference and carrier gas requirements, be it hydrogen, nitrogen or zero air. â€¬Engineered to deliver a constant flow and purity of gas with no fuss and optimum consistency of results, Precision also eliminates inconvenient disruptions or recurring and unpredictable costs associated with cylinders.
Dr. Ed Connor has a wealth of experience working with Gas Chromatography, Ed has over a decade's experience working in the life science market at ETH Zurich and the University of Zurich in Switzerland. With first-hand experience of the benefits of gas generators over traditional cylinder gas, Ed gained valuable experience on GC method development, sampling methods, user training and GC maintenance during his time in Switzerland.
The short webinar will include a Q&A session giving you the chance to ask questions directly to Dr. Ed Connor and PEAK Scientific colleagues.
Unable to attend? Send any questions or enquiries you have through our contact page.


A couple of questions about custom layouts
I am trying to make a vocal score for this strange piece I'm writing.
my questions:
 1. is it possible to reorder the instruments only for a particular layout, and if so, how? (in this case, I want piano below the chorus in the vocal score, but not the full score).
 2. This piece involves looping, so some players actually are "playing" more than one instrument at a time. For instance, there's a piano part that is looped (digital piano), and then the player switches to bari sax. So they're both the same player, but I'd only like to have the piano appear in this layout and not the bari sax? Doable?
 3. The vocal section is relatively short, and at the end of a 9-minute movement. Is it possible for a layout to contain only an incomplete movement - a specified measure, range?
 1. Layout Options. Select the Vocal Score in the right panel, then go Players > Uses custom player order. Tick that, then move players up and down as you wish.
 2. Workarounds involve either using two separate players for piano and bari (this is by far the easiest), or copying/cueing everything from the piano into a separate piano player that only shows up in the vocal score.
 3. Not natively. Dump all multirests onto page 1, set page 2 to use the First Master Page, then throw in a text frame that explains where the chorus come in?
pianoleo you are my savior again - thank you!


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Futhark Runes - Interpretation & Meaning: Uruz
Futhark Rune - Uruz
Uruz: Aurochs (wild oxen)
Keywords: Energy, vitality, instinct, wildness, sexuality, fertility, rite of passage, irrationality, shamanism.
Meanings: Following the mundane, day to day survival represented by fehu, it is the first recognition by mankind of the divine in nature. Uruz is the rune of the God of the sacred hunt and his shaman. The energy of this rune is raw and powerful and is pure, elemental fire. This is a rune of passage, from boyhood to manhood through being given a glimpse of the mysteries of nature.
Buy Handcrafted Futhark Runes


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ReQL command: distinct
Command syntax
sequence.distinct() → array
table.distinct([{index: }]) → stream
r.distinct(sequence) → array
r.distinct(table, [{index: }]) → stream
Removes duplicates from elements in a sequence.
The distinct command can be called on any sequence or table with an index.
While distinct can be called on a table without an index, the only effect will be to convert the table into a stream; the content of the stream will not be affected.
Example: Which unique villains have been vanquished by Marvel heroes?
r.table('marvel').concatMap(function(hero) {
 return hero('villainList')
}).distinct().run(conn, callback)
Example: Topics in a table of messages have a secondary index on them, and more than one message can have the same topic. What are the unique topics in the table?
r.table('messages').distinct({index: 'topics'}).run(conn, callback)
The above structure is functionally identical to:
r.table('messages')('topics').distinct().run(conn, callback)
However, the first form (passing the index as an argument to distinct) is faster, and won't run into array limit issues since it's returning a stream.
Get more help
Couldn't find what you were looking for?


XsltArgumentList.AddParam Method
Adds a parameter to the XsltArgumentList and associates it with the namespace qualified name.
Namespace: System.Xml.Xsl
Assembly: System.Xml (in system.xml.dll)
public void AddParam (
 string name,
 string namespaceUri,
 Object parameter
)
public void AddParam (
 String name,
 String namespaceUri,
 Object parameter
)
public function AddParam (
 name : String,
 namespaceUri : String,
 parameter : Object
)
Not applicable.
Parameters
name
The name to associate with the parameter.
namespaceUri
The namespace URI to associate with the parameter. To use the default namespace, specify an empty string.
parameter
The parameter value or object to add to the list.
Exception typeCondition
ArgumentException
The namespaceUri is either a null reference (Nothing in Visual Basic) or _URL_
The name is not a valid name according to the W3C XML specification.
The namespaceUri already has a parameter associated with it.
The parameter should correspond to a W3C type. The following table shows the W3C types, either XPath or XSLT, and the corresponding.NET class.
W3C Type
Equivalent.NET Class (Type)
String (XPath)
String
Boolean (XPath)
Boolean
Number (XPath)
Double
Result Tree Fragment (XSLT)
XPathNavigator
Node Set (XPath)
XPathNodeIterator
XPathNavigator[]
Node* (XPath)
XPathNavigator
*This is equivalent to a node set that contains a single node.
If the parameter object being invoked from within the style sheet is not one of the above, it is converted according to the following rules:
 - CLR numeric types are converted to Double.
 - The DateTime type is converted to String.
 - IXPathNavigable types are converted to XPathNavigator. XPathNavigator[] is converted to XPathNodeIterator.
All other types throw an error.
The following example uses the AddParam method to create a parameter representing the current date and time.
using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Xml;
using System.Xml.Xsl;
public class Sample {
 public static void Main() {

 // Create the XslCompiledTransform and load the stylesheet.
 XslCompiledTransform xslt = new XslCompiledTransform();
 xslt.Load("order.xsl");
 // Create the XsltArgumentList.
 XsltArgumentList xslArg = new XsltArgumentList();

 // Create a parameter which represents the current date and time.
 DateTime d = DateTime.Now;
 xslArg.AddParam("date", "", d.ToString());
 // Transform the file.
 xslt.Transform("order.xml", xslArg, XmlWriter.Create("output.xml"));

 }
}
import System.*;
import System.IO.*;
import System.Xml.*;
import System.Xml.XPath.*;
import System.Xml.Xsl.*;
public class Sample
{
 public static void main(String[] args)
 {
 // Create the XslCompiledTransform and load the styleSheet.
 XslCompiledTransform xslt = new XslCompiledTransform();
 xslt.Load("order.xsl");
 // Create the XsltArgumentList.
 XsltArgumentList xslArg = new XsltArgumentList();
 // Create a parameter which represents the current date and time.
 DateTime d = DateTime.get_Now();
 xslArg.AddParam("date", "", d.ToString());
 // Transform the file.
 xslt.Transform("order.xml", xslArg, XmlWriter.Create("output.xml"));

 } //main
} //Sample
The example uses the following two data files as input.
order.xml
<!--Represents a customer order-->
<order>
 <book ISBN='10-861003-324'>
 <title>The Handmaid's Tale</title>
 <price>19.95</price>
 </book>
 <cd ISBN='2-3631-4'>
 <title>Americana</title>
 <price>16.95</price>
 </cd>
</order>
order.xsl
<xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="_URL_
 <xsl:param name="date"/>
 <xsl:template match="/">
 <order>
 <date><xsl:value-of select="$date"/></date>
 <total><xsl:value-of select="sum(//price)"/></total>
 </order>
 </xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>
Windows 98, Windows Server 2000 SP4, Windows Millennium Edition, Windows Server 2003, Windows XP Media Center Edition, Windows XP Professional x64 Edition, Windows XP SP2, Windows XP Starter Edition
The Microsoft .NET Framework 3.0 is supported on Windows Vista, Microsoft Windows XP SP2, and Windows Server 2003 SP1.
.NET Framework
Supported in: 3.0, 2.0, 1.1, 1.0
Community Additions
ADD
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text:
Club Atletico de Madrid
Atlético Madrid were originally founded on the 26th of April in 1903 as Athletic Club de Madrid by three Basque students living in Madrid. These three students saw the new club as a youth branch of their childhood team, Athletic Bilbao. As such, they played in blue and white. However, by 1911 Athletic Club de Madrid were playing in their current colours of red and white. One story claims that due to red and white cloth being used to make bed mattresses, shirts could be easily made from any spare material and were therefore cheaper to buy. This is the origin of one of the club's nicknames: Los Colchoneros, meaning the mattress makers. Another story, arguably more plausible, states that Juanito Elorduy, a former player and member of the board, went to England to buy the blue and white kits of Blackburn Rovers for both Athletic Madrid and Bilbao. He did not find Blackburn Rovers' blue and white kits and instead bought Southampton's red and white kits. Athletic Bilbao adopted the full kit, with red and white shirts and black shorts, whilst Athletic Madrid only adopted the shirts and kept the blue shorts. This lead to the nickname Los Rojiblancos.
It wasn't until 1921 that Athletic Madrid became independent of Athletic Bilbao. As part of this interdependency, a company known as Compańía Urbanizadora Metropolitana – the company that ran the underground communication system in Madrid – built a 35,800 capacity stadium named the Estadio Metropollitano de Madrid. The stadium was used until 1966, when the club moved into current stadium Estadio Vicente Calderón.
Birth of Atlético de Madrid
During the 1920s, Athletic won the Campeonato del Centro three times and were runners-up in the Copa del Rey on two occasions in 1921 and 1926. Based on this record, they were invited to join the inaugural La Liga in 1928. They were relegated only after two seasons to the Segunda División. They returned to La Liga briefly in 1934, before being relegated again in 1936. Fortunately, the Spanish Civil War gave Athletic a reprieve. Real Oviedo was unable to play due to the destruction of their stadium during the bombings. Thus, both La Liga and Athletic's relegation were postponed, the latter by winning a play-off against CA Osasuna, champions of the Segunda División.
By the time La Liga resumed in 1939, Athletic had merged with Aviación Nacional of Zaragoza to become Athletic Aviación de Madrid. Aviación Nacional had been founded in 1939 by members of the Spanish Air Force. They had been promised a place in the Primera División for the 1939/1940 season, only to be denied by the RFEF. As a compromise, Aviación Nacional merged with Athletic Club de Madrid who had lost eight players in the Spanish Civil War. As a replacement for Real Oviedo, Athletic Aviación were awarded a place in the 1939/1940 Primera División. Under the management of the legendary Ricardo Zamora, the club won their first La Liga title that season and then retained the title in 1941. In the very same year, a decree issued by Franco banned teams from using foreign names and the club became known as Atlético Aviación de Madrid. In 1947, the club decided to drop the military association from its name and settled on its current name of Club Atlético de Madrid. This marked the beginning of Atlético's golden era.
Atlético's Golden Era
Under Helenio Herrera and with the help of Labri Benbarek, Atlético won La Liga again in 1950 and 1951. With the departure of Herrera in 1953, Atlético began to slip behind Real Madrid and Barcelona. For the remainder of the 1950's, they were left to battle it out with Athletic Bilbao for the title of third best team in Spain.
During the 1960s and 1970s, Atlético Madrid seriously challenged Barcelona of the position of second best team. They finished second in La Liga in 1958/1959 and managed to qualify for the European Cup, since Real Madrid were the reigning European champions. Atlético reached the semi-finals after beating Drumcondra, CSKA Sofia and Schalke. They played rivals Real Madrid in the semi's, losing the replay 2-1 after the original match ended 2-2 on aggregate. Atlético would gain their revenge when they defeated Real Madrid in two Copa del Rey finals in 1960 and 1961, under the management of former Real coach José Villalonga no less. They won the 1962 European Cup Winners Cup, beating Fiorentina 3-0 after a replay. In 1963, the club reached the final but was thrashed by English side Tottenham Hotspur 5-1.
Unfortunately for Atlético, they only managed to win the La Liga title on four more occasions between the years of 1961 and 1980, with Real Madrid winning the competition an outstanding 14 times during that period. Atlético won the Copa del Rey a further three times and in 1965, became the first club to beat Real Madrid at the Bernabéu in eight years.
Atlético would again win the Copa del Rey in 1985 under former player Luis Aragonés, thanks largely to striker Hugo Sánchez who won the Pichichi that year. Even after Sánchez left for Real Madrid a year later, Atlético won the Supercopa de Espańa in 1985.
It was in the year 1987 that controversial politician and businessman Jesús Gil became club president. Atlético had not won La Liga for ten years and were desperate for league success. Gil immediately spent heavily, bringing in players such as Paulo Futre from Porto. However, all of the spending only succeeded in bringing two consecutive Copa del Rey trophies in 1991 and 1992. As a result, Gil developed a ruthless reputation due to the manner in which he ran the club, particularly with managers. He had hired and fired a number of coaches, such as César Luis Menotti, Ron Atkinson, Javier Clemente, Tomislav Ivić and club legend Luis Aragonés. Significantly, Gil closed down Atlético's youth academy in 1992; a move which saw 15-year old academy member Raúl González Blanco move to Real Madrid and achieve worldwide fame.
A narrow escape of relegation in 1996 prompted a wholesale squad change. Now under Radomir Antić, Atlético finally won La Liga as well as another Copa del Rey trophy.
In December 1999, Gil and his board got suspended pending investigation into the misuse of club funds and government-appointed administrator José Manuel Rubí began running Atlético's day to day operations. With the removal of club president Jesús Gil and his board, the club floundered and the players put in disastrous performances. Then coach Claudio Ranieri handed in his resignation with the club in 17th spot out of 20 and heading towards relegation. The return of Antić for the third coaching stint failed to prevent the inevitable. Despite reaching the Copa del Rey final, Atlético were relegated.
Rising Once Again
Atlético spent two seasons in the Segunda División, narrowly missing out on promotion in 2001 before winning the Segunda División in 2002. It was again Luis Aragonés, in his last spell as a manager of Atlético, who brought Atlético to the Primera División. He also coached the team during the next season, being the one who gave Fernando Torres the opportunity to make his début in La Liga, at the Camp Nou against F.C. Barcelona in a 2–2 draw
Fernando Torres left Atlético for Liverpool in 2007 for a fee of Ł26,500,000. During this time, Atlético signed Diego Forlán from Villareal, Simăo from Benfica and José Antonio Reyes from Arsenal to join the likes of Luis García, Costinha, Maniche and young Argentine striker Sergio "Kun" Agüero. With Javier Aguirre in charge, the club had one of their most successful seasons in the past decade, reaching the last 32 of the UEFA Cup, the quarter-finals of the Copa del Rey and finished 4th in La Liga, qualifying for the UEFA Champions League for the first time since 1996/1997.
Javier Aguirre was dismissed in 2009 after a horrible start to the 2008/2009 campaign, though he claims he was released by mutual termination. The decision sparked public outrage, with many believing the Mexican not to be cause of their problems. Diego Forlán in particular believed the players were not playing well and that Aguirre was wrongly dismissed. Abel Resino replaced Aguirre and the club finished 4th again that season.
However, the 2009/2010 season started poorly with many defeats and goals conceded. Resino was eventually sacked and replaced by Quique Sánchez Flores. Despite still not performing to expectations in La Liga, Atlético managed to qualify for the UEFA Europa League by finishing third in their Champions League group. They went on to win the tournament, defeating Liverpool in the semi-finals and then Fulham in the final. It was their first European success since the 1961/1962 European Cup Winners' Cup win. They also reached the Copa del Rey final for the first time since 1996, but were defeated by


text:
Independent review of Flood Awareness Wales 2016
In December 2015 the Flood Awareness Wales (FAW) team at Natural Resources Wales (NRW) commissioned Collingwood Environmental Planning Ltd to carry out a review of the community engagement element of the FAW programme.
The overall aims of the review were:
- To assess the effectiveness of NRW's approaches to date, specifically in relation to the current model of operation - development of flood plans, which are supported and maintained by local flood volunteers
- To provide evidence and recommendations drawing on local, national and international best practice and approaches to date, to inform future practice in increasing community flood resilience across Wales
The FAW programme was developed by Welsh Government and Environment Agency Wales (EAW, now NRW) in 2010 to contribute to the delivery of flood and coastal erosion risk management objectives by raising awareness and increasing the preparedness of communities.
The Executive Summary presents the findings of the evidence review; a survey of flood plan volunteers; interviews with volunteers and professional partners.
If you would like a full copy of the report, or have any queries or comments, please email us directly at:


time Field Type
CAUTION: You are browsing the documentation for Symfony 2.5 which is not maintained anymore. Consider upgrading your projects to Symfony 3.2.
time Field Type
A field to capture time input.
This can be rendered as a text field, a series of text fields (e.g. hour, minute, second) or a series of select fields. The underlying data can be stored as a DateTime object, a string, a timestamp or an array.
Underlying Data Type can be DateTime, string, timestamp, or array (see the input option)
Rendered as can be various tags (see below)
Options
Overridden Options
Inherited Options
Parent type form
Class TimeType
Basic Usage
This field type is highly configurable, but easy to use. The most important options are input and widget.
Suppose that you have a startTime field whose underlying time data is a DateTime object. The following configures the time type for that field as two different choice fields:
1
2
3
4
$builder->add('startTime', 'time', array(
 'input' => 'datetime',
 'widget' => 'choice',
));
The input option must be changed to match the type of the underlying date data. For example, if the startTime field's data were a unix timestamp, you'd need to set input to timestamp:
1
2
3
4
$builder->add('startTime', 'time', array(
 'input' => 'timestamp',
 'widget' => 'choice',
));
The field also supports an array and string as valid input option values.
Field Options
empty_value
2.3Since Symfony 2.3, empty values are also supported if the expanded option is set to true.
type: string or Boolean
This option determines whether or not a special "empty" option (e.g. "Choose an option") will appear at the top of a select widget. This option only applies if the multiple option is set to false.
 - Add an empty value with "Choose an option" as the text:
 1
 2
 3
 $builder->add('states', 'choice', array(
 'empty_value' => 'Choose an option',
 ));

 - Guarantee that no "empty" value option is displayed:
 1
 2
 3
 $builder->add('states', 'choice', array(
 'empty_value' => false,
 ));

If you leave the empty_value option unset, then a blank (with no text) option will automatically be added if and only if the required option is false:
1
2
3
4
// a blank (with no text) option will be added
$builder->add('states', 'choice', array(
 'required' => false,
));
hours
type: array default: 0 to 23
List of hours available to the hours field type. This option is only relevant when the widget option is set to choice.
input
type: string default: datetime
The format of the input data - i.e. the format that the date is stored on your underlying object. Valid values are:
 - string (e.g. 12:17:26)
 - datetime (a DateTime object)
 - array (e.g. array('hour' => 12, 'minute' => 17, 'second' => 26))
 - timestamp (e.g. _PHONE_)
The value that comes back from the form will also be normalized back into this format.
minutes
type: array default: 0 to 59
List of minutes available to the minutes field type. This option is only relevant when the widget option is set to choice.
model_timezone
type: string default: system default timezone
Timezone that the input data is stored in. This must be one of the PHP supported timezones.
seconds
type: array default: 0 to 59
List of seconds available to the seconds field type. This option is only relevant when the widget option is set to choice.
view_timezone
type: string default: system default timezone
Timezone for how the data should be shown to the user (and therefore also the data that the user submits). This must be one of the PHP supported timezones.
widget
type: string default: choice
The basic way in which this field should be rendered. Can be one of the following:
 - choice: renders one, two (default) or three select inputs (hour, minute, second), depending on the with_minutes and with_seconds options.
 - text: renders one, two (default) or three text inputs (hour, minute, second), depending on the with_minutes and with_seconds options.
 - single_text: renders a single input of type time. User's input will be validated against the form hh:mm (or hh:mm:ss if using seconds).
Caution
Combining the widget type single_text and the with_minutes option set to false can cause unexpected behavior in the client as the input type time might not support selecting an hour only.
with_minutes
2.2The with_minutes option was introduced in Symfony 2.2.
type: Boolean default: true
Whether or not to include minutes in the input. This will result in an additional input to capture minutes.
with_seconds
type: Boolean default: false
Whether or not to include seconds in the input. This will result in an additional input to capture seconds.
Overridden Options
by_reference
default: false
The DateTime classes are treated as immutable objects.
error_bubbling
default: false
Inherited Options
These options inherit from the form type:
data
type: mixed default: Defaults to field of the underlying object (if there is one)
When you create a form, each field initially displays the value of the corresponding property of the form's domain object (if an object is bound to the form). If you want to override the initial value for the form or just an individual field, you can set it in the data option:
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$builder->add('token', 'hidden', array(
 'data' => 'abcdef',
));
Note
The default values for form fields are taken directly from the underlying data structure (e.g. an entity or an array). The data option overrides this default value.
disabled
type: boolean default: false
If you don't want a user to modify the value of a field, you can set the disabled option to true. Any submitted value will be ignored.
error_mapping
type: array default: empty
This option allows you to modify the target of a validation error.
Imagine you have a custom method named matchingCityAndZipCode that validates whether the city and zip code match. Unfortunately, there is no "matchingCityAndZipCode" field in your form, so all that Symfony can do is display the error on top of the form.
With customized error mapping, you can do better: map the error to the city field so that it displays above it:
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public function setDefaultOptions(OptionsResolverInterface $resolver)
{
 $resolver->setDefaults(array(
 'error_mapping' => array(
 'matchingCityAndZipCode' => 'city',
 ),
 ));
}
Here are the rules for the left and the right side of the mapping:
 - The left side contains property paths;
 - If the violation is generated on a property or method of a class, its path is simply propertyName;
 - If the violation is generated on an entry of an array or ArrayAccess object, the property path is [indexName];
 - You can construct nested property paths by concatenating them, separating properties by dots. For example: addresses[work].matchingCityAndZipCode;
 - The left side of the error mapping also accepts a dot ., which refers to the field itself. That means that any error added to the field is added to the given nested field instead;
 - The right side contains simply the names of fields in the form.
inherit_data
2.3The inherit_data option was introduced in Symfony 2.3. Before, it was known as virtual.
type: boolean default: false
This option determines if the form will inherit data from its parent form. This can be useful if you have a set of fields that are duplicated across multiple forms. See How to Reduce Code Duplication with "inherit_data".
invalid_message
type: string default: This value is not valid
This is the validation error message that's used if the data entered into this field doesn't make sense (i.e. fails validation).
This might happen, for example, if the user enters a nonsense string into a time field that cannot be converted into a real time or if the user enters a string (e.g. apple) into a number field.
Normal (business logic) validation (such as when setting a minimum length for a field) should be set using validation messages with your validation rules (reference).
invalid_message_parameters
type: array default: array()
When setting the invalid_message option, you may need to include some variables in the string. This can be done by adding placeholders to that option and including the variables in


text:
Both organisation and Branch Secretary responsible for branch's financial reports
Registered Organisations Commissioner v Australian Nursing Midwifery Federation FCA 1735 External link (opens in new window)
Registered Organisations Commissioner v Australian Nursing Midwifery Federation (No 2) FCA 2004 External link (opens in new window)
What were the issues?
An organisation was found to have breached the Fair Work (Registered Organisations) Act 2009 (the RO Act) when one of its branches failed to prepare, circulate and present its financial reports.
The branch's Secretary was also found to have breached his duties of care and diligence as an officer because of his failures to ensure the branch prepared financial reports in a timely way.
The Western Australian Branch of the Australian Nursing Midwifery Federation (ANMF) failed to prepare, circulate and present financial reports to its members, in accordance with the requirements of the RO Act, for the financial years ending 30 June 2010, 2011 and 2012.
The Branch Secretary had a duty under the organisation's rules to ensure the timely preparation, circulation and lodgement of the reports. He failed to meet his obligations under the rules and because of that failed to exercise his powers and discharge his duties with the care and diligence that a reasonable person in his position would exercise.
What can organisations learn from this?
Organisations must take the financial reporting obligations of their branches seriously.
If a branch fails to meet its obligations, the organisation is responsible. Also officers can be held personally responsible if they fail to meet their obligations under the organisation's rules.
The Court commended the efforts of the organisation in its attempts to ensure the branch lodged its reports with the regulator, as well as putting in place organisational arrangements to ensure future compliance by all branches. This resulted in a reduced penalty.
What did the judge say?
In his judgment on 13 November 2018, Justice Barker said at that the:
…failure to comply with the reporting obligations under the Act are… of considerable significance to the effective operation of the RO Act. Persons who exercise effective control of organisations in the manner that Mr Olson did, at material times, should not be encouraged to think that the reporting obligations can be treated lightly, such that they can easily expect to be excused for the contravention of their obligations.
Justice Barker emphasised at that organisations must understand that:
… the obligations imposed on them under the RO Act must be taken seriously.
What was the outcome and the penalty?
The Court found that because the Branch Secretary did not lodge financial reports on time between July 2010 and July 2013, he had not exercised the degree of care and diligence that a reasonable person would exercise (a contravention of section 285(1) of the RO Act.
Before the hearing the ANMF admitted to nine contraventions of the sections of the RO Act that require financial reports to be prepared, presented to members and presented to a meeting (sections 253, 265(5) and 266). The Court took into consideration:
- the ANMF's full cooperation and early admissions which saved significant public resources, and
- that the ANMF had established new organisational arrangements to ensure future compliance with the RO Act.
On 14 December 2018, Justice Barker ordered that:
- The Branch Secretary pay a penalty of $6,630 for his contravention of section 285(1) of the RO Act; and
- the ANMF pay a penalty totalling $29,250 for its contraventions of sections 253, 265(5) and 266 of the RO Act.
The total penalty was $35,880.
WAD 470 of 2015
Date of final orders
14 December 2018


text:
Explorations in Natural Sciences
Behind Birding: Birds in the City
Now - February 20, 2013
Wednesday | 6:30 - 8:30 p.m.
- Scott Davies
Birds are extraordinary creatures, not only because they look and sound beautiful but because they behave in such varied and fascinating ways. In this new series instructed by ornithologist Scott Davies, we will study the biology behind many of these behaviors, giving you a new appreciation for the birds you see in the Garden, at home and in your travels.
Birds in the City
The urbanized areas of the world are expected to increase dramatically over the next 50 years, making them one of the fastest-growing ecosystems on earth. As a relatively new city, Phoenix provides an excellent opportunity to study the radical environmental changes urbanization causes. This class will investigate how the lives of birds are changed by expanding cities. We will discuss subjects such as breeding, behavior, anatomy and species distribution.
- Class enrollment limit: 24
Natural Science classes sponsored by Maricopa Audubon Society


text:
We achieve optofluidic lasers with a single molecular layer of gain, in which green fluorescent protein, dye-labeled bovine serum albumin, and dye-labeled DNA, are used as the gain medium and attached to the surface of a ring resonator via surface immobilization biochemical methods. It is estimated that the surface density of the gain molecules is on the order of 1012 cm-2, sufficient for lasing under pulsed optical excitation. It is further shown that the optofluidic laser can be tuned by energy transfer mechanisms through biomolecular interactions. This work not only opens a door to novel photonic devices that can be controlled at the level of a single molecular layer but also provides a promising sensing platform to analyze biochemical processes at the solid-liquid interface.
Bibliographical notePublisher Copyright:
© The Royal Society of Chemistry 2014.


Shepherd, MI
Online Offers
Shepherd is a village in Isabella County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 1,536 at the 2000 census. The village is within Coe Township.
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,536 people, 619 households, and 417 families residing in the village. The population density was 1,586.7 per square mile (611.4/km²). There were 641 housing units at an average density of 662.2 per square mile (255.1/km²). The racial makeup of the village was 96.35% White, 0.46% African American, 0.52% Native American, 0.33% Asian, 0.65% from other races, and 1.69% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.34% of the population.


text:
Implementation of Low-Power Built in Test Compression Capabilities in Programmable PRPG
This paper describes a low-power (LP) programmable generator capable of producing pseudorandom test patterns with desired toggling levels and enhanced fault coverage gradient compared with the best-to-date built-in self-test (BIST)- based pseudorandom test pattern generators. It is comprised of a linear finite state machine (a linear feedback shift register or a ring generator) driving an appropriate phase shifter, and it comes with a number of features allowing this device to produce binary sequences with preselected toggling (PRESTO) activity. We introduce a method to automatically select several controls of the generator offering easy and precise tuning. The same technique is subsequently employed to deterministically guide the generator toward test sequences with improved fault-coverage-to pattern- count ratios. Furthermore, this paper proposes an LP test compression method that allows shaping the test power envelope in a fully predictable, accurate, and flexible fashion by adapting the PRESTO-based logic BIST (LBIST) infrastructure. The proposed hybrid scheme efficiently combines test compression with LBIST, where both techniques can work synergistically to deliver high quality tests. Experimental results obtained for industrial designs illustrate the feasibility of the proposed test schemes and are reported herein.


text:
Application of waste paper in construction is a relatively new concept. This chapter reports work predominantly associated with wastepaper sludge ash (WSA) in a cementitious context, based on the experiences by the author of this chapter and coworkers. There is reference to work by other researchers who have made a contribution to the use of waste paper in both cementitious and noncementitious contexts. Modern paper manufacture uses either virgin pulp from vegetable matter or a combination of virgin pulp and recycled pulp. As resources become scarcer, the pursuance and utilization of natural, industrial and agricultural waste, byproduct and/or marginal materials undoubtedly will increase. As these waste streams increasingly become depleted, focus is shifting gradually toward the efficient use of the remaining or emergent waste streams. This chapter is aimed at showcasing one such example of future development in construction.
|Sustainability in Construction Materials
|Woodhead Publishing Ltd
|Dynodwyr Gwrthrych Digidol (DOIs)
|Cyhoeddwyd - 2 Medi 2016


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Home / Answered Questions / BUSINESS COMMUNICATION / individual-assignment-4-heijunka-q-543
(Solved): Individual Assignment 4: Heijunka...
Just-in-time requires a stable production plan. If the volume or the product mix varies widely over time, it becomes very difficult to maintain a just-in-time environment. While customer demand is rarely known in advance, master production schedules are typically used to aggregate customer behavior and to govern production volume and mix for a specified time period. The master production schedule is typically given in units to be produced per week or per month. This must be further broken down to indicate smaller increments of time and more specific product identification. Heijunka boards generally show time increments of 5 - 30 minutes. The work day is divided into even time increments shown as column headings on the heijunka board. Various work areas or processes are shown as rows on the heijunka board. Each cell, then, on the heijunka board represents what is to be started by each area in each time slot. Ideally, there will be a short pattern of what is to be produced, and the pattern will be repeated throughout the day. For example, if two products of equal volume are produced, rather than producing X for four hours and then Y for four hours each day, the heijunka board would show alternating production X - Y, throughout the day.
Discuss how heijunka or production leveling is related to each of the following techniques or concepts.
 - Five S
 - Standardized Work
 - Flexible or Cross-Trained Employees
 - Kanban
 - Value Stream Mapping
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text:
Alkali and alkaline earth metallic (AAEM) species (Na, Mg and Ca) exist in Victorian brown coal mainly as carboxylates forming a part of the coal organic matter or as dissolved salt (NaCl) in the coal moisture. The experimental results in this paper show that the chemical and/or physical form of sodium in the brown coal is an important factor influencing the volatilisation of sodium during pyrolysis. Significant amounts of light species containing carboxyl or carboxylate groups such as formate, acetate and oxalate were found in the volatiles from the pyrolysis of the brown coal. It is believed that the release of AAEM carboxylates is an important mechanism for the volatilisation of AAEM species, particularly at low temperatures (<600°C). The carrier gas flow rate passing through the coal bed can greatly affect the volatilisation of AAEM species through this mechanism. Another mechanism for the volatilisation of AAEM species is the breakage of bonds between AAEM species and char matrix at high temperatures. Under our experimental conditions, the sodium in the form of NaCl in the coal substrate seems to volatilise more easily than the sodium in the form of carboxylate in the coal substrate. The monovalent species (Na) is volatilised much more easily that the divalent species (Mg and Ca) during pyrolysis.
- Brown coal


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Marvel Universe
Mandarin's Rings
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Marvel Universe
Axonn-Karr race
The Mandarin
The Mandarin learned how to utilize the rings for own personal use and make them respond to his personal commands. Over the years, the Mandarin's mind has actually come to inhabit the rings so that now no one else can make use of them. The Mandarin can also now control the rings over large distances.
The functions of each ring are as follows:
Pinky: Ice Blast. Freezes the air in its path and can lower an object's temperature to almost absolute zero.
Ring Finger: Mento-Intensifier. Magnifies the Mandarin's psychic energy enabling him to mentally control a person. Only effective at short range.
Middle Finger: Electro-Blast. Emits quantities of electrical energy determined by the wearer (Mandarin). Upper limit of output is unknown.
Index Finger: Flame Blast. Emits infrared radiation and can cause air to incandesce by igniting its molecules. Maximum out is unknown.
Thumb: White Light. Emits many different types of energy from the electro-magnetic spectrum. Frequently used as intense visible light and laser beams.
Pinky: Black Light. Creates area of "absolute blackness" where all light is absorbed. It is believed that this ring accesses the "darkforce" used by characters such as Darkstar and the Shroud.
Ring Finger: Disintegration Beam: Destroys bonds between atoms and molecules causing an object's cohesion to fall apart. Needs 20 minutes recharge time between uses.
Middle Finger: Vortex Beam. Causes air to swirl about in a vortex at high speed. Can levitate objects, propel wearer (Mandarin) in flight and be used as a weapon.
Index Finger: Impact Beam. Projects concussive force of approximately 350 lbs. of TNT. Can also cause intense sonic vibrations and create magnetic waves.
Thumb: Matter Rearranger. Can rearrange atoms and/or molecules of substances or speed up/slow down their movements to result in various effects. Cannot actually transmute elements.
Contributors: MikeFichera and Mickeys4life


text:
In the heart of Birmingham, the city around which the country's canal system is based, you can find the Gas Street Basin, arguably the most important spot on the entire canal network. Canals were built to transport cargo around the country during the Industrial Revolution, and basins were the inland ports where that cargo was unloaded. Given the role of canals in Birmingham, and the role of Birmingham in the Industrial Revolution, Gas Street Basin could be the internal hub around which everything revolved. Following changes in canal use from industry to leisure, Gas Street Basin is almost as busy as ever, but it now moves with the sound of shoppers and revellers who visit the many bars and restaurants that now reside in the area.
Gas Street – so named as it was the first place in the city to get gas lighting – was created in the 1790s as a meeting point for the Birmingham Canal and the Worcester & Birmingham Canal, although competition between the two companies meant a physical barrier, the Worcester Bar, divided the basin between the two areas of water. Gas Street Basin would have been teeming with activity for much of its existence, as raw material from all over the country arrived in the country's second city. As a result it was surrounded by wharves and warehouses, as well as factories. The Birmingham canals largely survived the coming of the railways but were done for by improvements in road transport after the Second World War. The basin became derelict until regeneration got underway in the 1980s.
Many of the original warehouses have now been converted and the basin is a bustling place again, though now with leisure and recreation rather than hard industry. There are many bars and restaurants around Gas Street, and the Worcester Bar can still be seen, while the sights and attractions of Birmingham itself are near at hand. But the basin also acts as something like a living canal museum. It's one of those places where there's enough people, boats and surrounding architecture to get a sense of what an industrial canal basin might once have been like. As such, it's an essential place to visit, either by foot or on one of several boat trips that travel through Gas Street from surrounding canals.


Augmented reality visor makes cake taste moister, more delicious
Augmented reality visor makes cake taste moister, more delicious
The modified image looks fresh and soft while the real food is dried one. Crossmodally, the taste and flavor were changed by the appearance of the food. Credit: Yokohama National University
Researchers have developed an augmented reality (AR) visor system that enables them to manipulate the light coming off food in such a way as to 'trick' people consuming the food into experiencing it as more or less moist, watery, or even delicious. The findings not only reveal how human taste is experienced in a multisensorial way—through a combination of visual perception, smell and even sound—but the technique could be used in hospitals to improve the palatability of food, or as a design development tool in the food industry.
The findings were published in Scientific Reports on September 30, 2020.
It has long been known that taste is not only a product of a's chemical composition, which directly shapes the experience of consumption of food and drink, but that its visual appearance also contributes to how we experience its taste.
For example, research has shown that humans tend to associate sour-tasting food and carbonated beverages with sharper shapes, and to associate creamy food and still drinks with more rounded shapes. Underlying that is the way that light bounces off an object, or—to put it in more scientific terms—the distribution of luminance. Earlier research had shown that variation in this luminance distribution influences how fresh a cabbage appears to people when looking at a series of still pictures of the vegetable. But pictures are not the same as the dynamic experience of actually eating a piece of food.
"So we wondered whether manipulating this luminance distribution while someone was eating something would produce a similar effect," said Katsunori Okajima, who specializes in vision and brain sciences at Yokohama National University in Japan.
The researchers developed an (AR) system that allows them to manipulate the standard deviation of luminance distribution. This is a statistical term that describes how spread out a set of numbers are from their average value. So for example, the total amount of light bouncing off two different slices of cake might be the same, but for the first slice, the deviation of luminance distribution is small, giving it a smoother appearance, while the deviation is large for the second slice, giving it a rougher appearance.
They used their AR system in two experiments. In the first, people wore the AR visor system while eating slices of Baumkuchen, a type of German cake widely available in Japan, and in the second they wore it while eating a spoonful of ketchup. The researchers were thus able to manipulate the appearance during consumption of food, going one step further than the photographs of cabbage.
Upon interviewing the participants, they found that manipulating the standard deviation of the luminance distribution (while keeping the color and the overall luminance constant) altered not only what the participants expected to taste in terms of moistness, wateriness and deliciousness, but also the actual taste and texture properties upon sampling the food itself.
The AR manipulation was most effective in moistness (of the cake) and wateriness (of the ketchup), while the effect of the system on perception of sweetness was relatively modest
"This suggests that the association between visual texture and sweetness is weak," added Dr. Okajima.
The researchers now hope to develop new image processing technology which can manipulate any appearance of any food in real time. Ultimately, they want to use these techniques to quantify all ways that affects our perception, and to describe the precise mechanisms of such processing within the brain.
Explore further
Distraction diminishes the taste of food
More information: Junya Ueda et al, Effects of varying the standard deviation of the luminance on the appearance of food, flavour expectations, and taste/flavour perception, Scientific Reports (2020). DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73189-8
Journal information: Scientific Reports
Provided by Yokohama National University
Citation: Augmented reality visor makes cake taste moister, more delicious (2020, December 15) retrieved 16 June 2021 from _URL_
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Kari Ala-Pöllänen was the Tapiola Choir's conductor and artistic director _PHONE_. During this period the choir successfully toured around the world, in most continents. The Tapiola Choir was under his direction, as first music group, awarded The UNESCO Price 1996 for the Promotion of the Performing Arts. He has been awarded with several high Finnish official decorations, a.o. in 2009, when the President of the Republic of Finland rewarded him with the Pro Finlandia Medal by Order of the Lion of Finland, the highest recognition for arts.
Kari Ala-Pöllänen is a versatile musician and conductor having wide experience in various sections of music and playing several instruments himself. He first graduated as a school teacher and then studied a.o. musicology and orchestral and choral conducting.
In Finland he has acted as a music teacher, symphony orchestra-, folkand jazz musician and conductor, as chorister and ensemble singer and superintendent of music as well as a writer of school music text books and encyclopedia. He is the artistic director of international choral festivals, works as a jury member of choir competitions and as a guest conductor and lecturer in numerous festivals in Finland and abroad. He has been a member of Europa Cantat Music Commission and is currently the chair of IFCM Songbridge Artistic Committee.
 It is about questioning some habits and traditions in choir conducting and introducing new ways of thinking about the role of a conductor, particularly in children's choirs. It is, as well, focusing on the educational task of the children's choir activity, referring to the doctoral thesis of Mr. Tuomas Erkkilä (Pedagogy in the Tapiola Choir and Mr. Kari Ala-Pöllänen as a co-operative children's choir conductor, University of Oulu, Faculty of Education, Acta Univ.Oul.E134,2013).
Questions and matters to be discussed:
What is the choir conductor needed for?
What is needed to become a choir conductor?
Are these pairs of concepts opposites or possible to combine in children's choir:
 - conduct (lead, direct...) - co-operation
 - artistic
ambition / professionalism - educative ambition
 - calculated creation – reducing the stress factor
What is co-operative conducting?
Principles of co-operation
Focusing on basics: Conducting habits
Main questions: Why am I doing like I do? What is important/needed to do.
Co-Operative Children's Choir Conductor: Choir Performing With or Without a Conductor
Bio en CAT