text:
Load Factors in Steep Turns
At a constant altitude, during a coordinated turn in any aircraft, the load factor is the result of two forces: centrifugal force and weight. [Figure 5-52] For any given bank angle, the ROT varies with the airspeed—the higher the speed, the slower the ROT. This compensates for added centrifugal force, allowing the load factor to remain the same.
Figure 5-53 reveals an important fact about turns—the load factor increases at a terrific rate after a bank has reached 45° or 50°. The load factor for any aircraft in a coordinated level turn at 60° bank is 2 Gs. The load factor in an 80° bank is 5.76 Gs. The wing must produce lift equal to these load factors if altitude is to be maintained.
It should be noted how rapidly the line denoting load factor rises as it approaches the 90° bank line, which it never quite reaches because a 90° banked, constant altitude turn is not mathematically possible. An aircraft may be banked to 90° in a coordinated turn if not trying to hold altitude. An aircraft that can be held in a 90° banked slipping turn is capable of straight knife-edged flight. At slightly more than 80°, the load factor exceeds the limit of 6 Gs, the limit load factor of an acrobatic aircraft.
For a coordinated, constant altitude turn, the approximate maximum bank for the average general aviation aircraft is 60°. This bank and its resultant necessary power setting reach the limit of this type of aircraft. An additional 10° bank increases the load factor by approximately 1 G, bringing it close to the yield point established for these aircraft. [Figure 5-54]
Load Factors and Stalling Speeds
Any aircraft, within the limits of its structure, may be stalled at any airspeed. When a sufficiently high AOA is imposed, the smooth flow of air over an airfoil breaks up and separates, producing an abrupt change of flight characteristics and a sudden loss of lift, which results in a stall.
A study of this effect has revealed that an aircraft's stalling speed increases in proportion to the square root of the load factor. This means that an aircraft with a normal unaccelerated stalling speed of 50 knots can be stalled at 100 knots by inducing a load factor of 4 Gs. If it were possible for this aircraft to withstand a load factor of nine, it could be stalled at a speed of 150 knots. A pilot should be aware of the following:
- The danger of inadvertently stalling the aircraft by increasing the load factor, as in a steep turn or spiral;
- When intentionally stalling an aircraft above its design maneuvering speed, a tremendous load factor is imposed.
Figures 5-53 and 5-54 show that banking an aircraft greater than 72° in a steep turn produces a load factor of 3, and the stalling speed is increased significantly. If this turn is made in an aircraft with a normal unaccelerated stalling speed of 45 knots, the airspeed must be kept greater than 75 knots to prevent inducing a stall. A similar effect is experienced in a quick pull up or any maneuver producing load factors above 1 G. This sudden, unexpected loss of control, particularly in a steep turn or abrupt application of the back elevator control near the ground, has caused many accidents.
Since the load factor is squared as the stalling speed doubles, tremendous loads may be imposed on structures by stalling an aircraft at relatively high airspeeds.
The following information primarily applies to fixed-wing airplanes. The maximum speed at which an airplane may be stalled safely is now determined for all new designs. This speed is called the "design maneuvering speed" (VA), which is the speed below which you can move a single flight control, one time, to its full deflection, for one axis of airplane rotation only (pitch, roll or yaw), in smooth air, without risk of damage to the airplane. VA must be entered in the FAA-approved Airplane Flight Manual/ Pilot's Operating Handbook (AFM/POH) of all recently designed airplanes. For older general aviation airplanes, this speed is approximately 1.7 times the normal stalling speed. Thus, an older airplane that normally stalls at 60 knots must never be stalled at above 102 knots (60 knots × 1.7 = 102 knots). An airplane with a normal stalling speed of 60 knots stalled at 102 knots undergoes a load factor equal to the square of the increase in speed, or 2.89 Gs (1.7 × 1.7 = 2.89 Gs). (The above figures are approximations to be considered as a guide, and are not the exact answers to any set of problems. The design maneuvering speed should be determined from the particular airplane's operating limitations provided by the manufacturer.) Operating at or below design maneuvering speed does not provide structural protection against multiple full control inputs in one axis or full control inputs in more than one axis at the same time.
Since the leverage in the control system varies with different aircraft (some types employ "balanced" control surfaces while others do not), the pressure exerted by the pilot on the controls cannot be accepted as an index of the load factors produced in different aircraft. In most cases, load factors can be judged by the experienced pilot from the feel of seat pressure. Load factors can also be measured by an instrument called an "accelerometer," but this instrument is not common in general aviation training aircraft. The development of the ability to judge load factors from the feel of their effect on the body is important. A knowledge of these principles is essential to the development of the ability to estimate load factors.
A thorough knowledge of load factors induced by varying degrees of bank and the VA aids in the prevention of two of the most serious types of accidents:
- Stalls from steep turns or excessive maneuvering near the ground
- Structural failures during acrobatics or other violent maneuvers resulting from loss of control


Rotation for RBXDevs-How to Fix Wood Grain
Hello confused devs of ROBLOX, WoodReviewer here. Today I am not here to just talk about how wood grain should go. Today I am only here to talk about how you rotate wood grain to fix it. Yes, I know. You just rotate and resize the bricks. But that seems to be above what some people are able to do. So lets start at the very basics on how you fix wood grain.
No Plugins
This first part is how you can fix wood grain with a completely stock version of ROBLOX studio, no plugins or anything, like I use to do for years before newer building plugins were a thing. The first step is to have some bad wood grain.
Bad Grain.png
The second step is to change the wood grain to wooden planks.
bad grain planks.png
Why? Simply put, wooden planks and regular wood have the same grain direction, and with the darker lines provided by the gaps between the planks, it can be easier to tell what way the wood grain is facing.
Step two isn't a step as much as making sure you do everything right. Simple check the size of the brick you are fixing.
There are several ways to do this, either in notepad, sticky notes, mental notes, or making a duplicate brick and putting it some where to act as a reference point.
Size Notepad.png
Next up is another option step in case you can't tell what way the wood grain is facing. First, you need to resize the brick.
Resize Planks.png
But don't resize it all at once; do one side first.
Resize Planks 2.png
Then the other side an equal amount. The ensures the center of the brick stays in the same exact place while rotating the brick.
Resize Planks 3.png
And then resize the other two sides the same way. Again, this is optional, only do it if you can't tell what direction you need to rotate the board for proper wood grain.
Final Planks Resize.png
Next up you need to rotate the wood. Studio normal rotation amount means that that it should go an even 90 degree rotations, but if it does not change your rotation amount so it can do an even 90 degrees.
Planks Rotate.png
Next is a game of guess-and-check. Rotate the wood until it is finally at the correct orientation. This can vary based on how the wood was originally.
Planks rotations.png
From here, simply resize the brick so it is back to its original dimensions. Remember, to keep the brick in the same position you need to rotate each side by equal amounts. So in this case, it was 3x3x7. To make it be 1x1x7, you need to resize the longest side by 3 studs each, and the short side by 1 stud each. Then to fix its height, raise the top and lower the bottom by 2 studs each.
Resize final.png
Then, in the last step, change it back to wood if that is what you want, and voila, proper wood grain.
Back to wood.png
Next up is a slightly easier way to fix wood grain, but requires a plugin. Personally I prefer CmdUtl or one of its derivatives, such as Studio Build Suite, but any plugin that will let you rotate objects and resize from center should work. This is what I will be working with, a dozen or so bad pieces of wood grain. This can be fence posts, railings, chair legs, or anything that is repeated and exactly the same.
Bunch of parts.png
First you need to select them all. You can either alt+right click on each, select them in explorer, use a selection plugin, or drag and select them. I used the latter since there was nothing else I could accidentally select.
Next open up your building plugin.
From here, repeat the above steps, with some minor differences. First write down the size of the parts. Then, when you go to resize them to make the wood grain larger, use the "Resize Center" button. This will resize them from the center of the brick, so resizing by.5, for example, will increase both sides by.25 studs. This helps ensure the center of the brick remains in the same place.
SBS Resize Center.png
For most CmdUtl derivatives, this does it for every brick. Again, make sure your building plugin can do this. Next, you need to rotate them. Again, similar to the default studio steps, only this time use the "Rotate Object" tool. "Rotate Object" will rotate each object in price, while "Rotate Group" and "Rotate Pivot" will rotate the objects as a group, moving most of the bricks.
SBS Rotate Object.png
Then just keep repeating until they are in the correct orientation.
SBS Correct Rotations.png
And then resize them, again resizing from center so they remain in the exact same spot. Once the size is correct, simply change the material and it is done.
SBS Resize Final.png
Even though most people will want to use the Material Flip plugin, mass-fixing 100 or so bricks this way is much quicker than using the Material Flip plugin at times.
Material Flip
Next up is the simplest way. First, install and enable the Material Flip plugin by Stravant. Next open select it in studio and look at a brick in studio with bad wood grain.
Texture Flip Front.png
The click on it and that face will have the material flipped 90 degrees.
Textue Flip Front Result.png
Repeat until all sides are fixed. This usually requires 2 clicks per brick, but sometimes fixing one side will cause the orientation of the brick to change in the way that both sides are fixed at once.
Texture flip side result.png
Seriously, why did I feel the need to do a tutorial on how to use this plugin.
Control Panel
Next up is not a way to fix wood grain, but a way to select it. It is Studio Command Panel, and is a quick way to select multiple bricks. Once you select the bricks you want, you can then rotate and fix them with CmdUtl, whether it is 5 bricks or 5,000 bricks. After you install it, click on it to activate it, select a brick, and press "P". This will open in up the panel.
Control Panel.png
Then just type in a command. For this, I'll be using the "SelectSimilar" command. First up is the "Similar Appearance" selection. It shows up once you type "SelectSimilar". "Similar Appearance" selects any bricks that have a similar color and material to the original brick, in this case the one on the far left. Because one brick is green, it is not selected.
Control Panel Appearance.png
Next up is the "Material" command. This will select all parts with a similar material, so the green one is selected. If you know all the wood in a place is incorrect, you can use this command.
Control Panel Material.png
Next up is color. Like appearance, it selects bricks based on color, but ignores material. In this case, it ignores the green brick again. I find this most useful because you can tag parts in a place you want ignored odd colors, like bright pink or green, and the selection will ignore them if they are good.
Control Panel Color.png
Next is by size. It ignores color and material, and only selects based on size. This is useful since when you go to fix the wood grain with CmdUtl you need the parts to be the same size, but it is not the most useful option.
Control Panel Size.png
The most useful selection tool is all. It only selects parts that are the same size, material, and color. This is the most useful because it can ignore non-wood parts, only select similarly sized parts, like size, which is needed to fix wood grain, and you can tag parts you want ignored with different colors to, well, ignore them.
Control Panel All.png
This plugin is very powerful and can do many things. However, all I use it for is to select stuff, so that is all I have experience with.
4 thoughts on "Rotation for RBXDevs-How to Fix Wood Grain
 1. pumpkinhead
 Thank you so much. Now I realize why my wood grain was off and why you keep criticizing the wood grain even though I didn't quite understand what was wrong with it.
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What is the meaning of Rayfield?
Rayfield \ray-fiel(d), ra-yfie-ld\ is a boy's name. It consists of 8 letters and 2 syllables.
The baby boy name Rayfield is pronounced REYFIYLD (*). Rayfield is of English origin. The name's meaning is'stream in the field'. A variant transcription of Rayfield is Rayfeld.
The name Rayfield in reverse order is "Dleifyar".
(*) English pronunciation for Rayfield: R as in "race (R.EY.S)" ; EY as in "ate (EY.T)" ; F as in "fee (F.IY)" ; IY as in "eat (IY.T)" ; L as in "lay (L.EY)" ; D as in "day (D.EY)"
List of baby names Rayfield:
Rayfeld and Roosvelt.
The baby name Rayfield fun facts:
The numerological value of the name Rayfield is number 8.
Number 8
English is origin of the name Rayfield
English is origin of the name Rayfield


the corresponding field types.
 - ArrayTypes are converted into a 2-level nested group, where the outer group has the inner group as sole field. The inner group has name values and repetition level REPEATED and has the element type of the array as schema. We use Parquet's ConversionPatterns for this purpose.
 - MapTypes are converted into a nested (2-level) Parquet GroupType with two fields: a key type and a value type. The nested group has repetition level REPEATED and name map. We use Parquet'sConversionPatterns for this purpose
Parquet's repetition level is generally set according to the following rule:
 - If the call to fromDataType is recursive inside an enclosing ArrayType or MapType, then the repetition level is set to REPEATED.
 - Otherwise, if the attribute whose type is converted is nullable, the Parquet type gets repetition level OPTIONAL and otherwise REQUIRED.
write过程
回到write这条线，会递归调用writeValue()、writePrimitive()、writeStruct()、writeMap()、writeArray()将基本类型和struct、map、array保存起来。其中根据schema，又会触发MessageColumnIORecordConsumer内部类的startMessage()、startField()、startGroup()等方法。这3个概念很重要，应该说就是基于这些才实现了dremel论文里的数据结构：
 - Message: a new record，对应一行
 - Field: a field in a group or message. if the field is repeated the field is started only once and all values added in between start and end，对应一个kv对，key是field name，value可以是group，从而嵌套其他数据结构
 - Group: a group in a field
由于采用了抽象嵌套的方式，map<string, array>首先是一个field整体，而其中每一个string, array也构成一个子field。在底层存储和建索引的时候，应该是nested最深的field对应一个column，针对这些column计算r和d的值。
flush过程：
再来看flush这条线：
 Scala | copy code |?
1
# InternalParquetRecordWriter
2
 public void write(T value) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
3
 writeSupport.write(value);
4
 ++ recordCount;
5
 checkBlockSizeReached();
6
 }
如果需要flush，则checkBlockSizeReached会再调用flushRowGroupToStore()落地磁盘，并调用initStore()重新初始化内存存储区。
SparkSQL日志分析
以上源码分析的推论是，nested结构的每一个field都会被存储为一列，以下通过写入和查询日志再予以证明。
数据结构类似：
 SQL | copy code |?
01
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS orc_qiche (
02
 query string,
03
 uid string,
04
 country string,
05
 province string,
06
 city string,
07
 sttime string,
08
 properties map<string, array<string>>,
09
 intension array<string>
10
 )
11
其中properties含有brand、effects等key。
写入日志：
 Scala | copy code |?
1
15/07/21 14:02:09 INFO ColumnChunkPageWriteStore: written 88B for [properties, brand, array] BINARY: 2 values, 34B raw, 50B comp, 1 pages,
2
encodings: [RLE, PLAIN]
3
15/07/21 14:02:09 INFO ColumnChunkPageWriteStore: written 85B for [properties, effects, array] BINARY: 2 values, 33B raw, 48B comp, 1 pages
4
, encodings: [RLE, PLAIN]
5
15/07/21 14:02:09 INFO ColumnChunkPageWriteStore: written 69B for [properties, brand, array] BINARY: 1 values, 21B raw, 36B comp, 1 pages,
6
encodings: [RLE, PLAIN]
7
15/07/21 14:02:09 INFO ColumnChunkPageWriteStore: written 72B for [query] BINARY: 1 values, 16B raw, 35B comp, 1 pages, encodings: [RLE, BI
8
T_PACKED, PLAIN]
查询日志：
8A542FE1-9484-4B2C-9184-DEF07113B83B
from: _URL_
The CA–consistent, available, but not network partition tolerant–category in CAP has a very specific history. Not only forfeiting "network partition tolerance" can be understood as impossible in theory and crazy in practice (P as an illusion of a choice), but there is also an overlap between the CA and CP categories. As a result, many consider that it's impossible to build a production CA system. But you can actually build a system without network partition tolerance, and sometimes you should.
A brief history of the CA category
Let's look at the academic history of the CA category in CAP:
 - In 2000, Eric Brewer presents the CAP conjecture. In his presentation, CA exists, for example for systems using the two-phase commit protocol. He considers that "‹the whole space is useful."
 - In 2002, Seth Gilbert and Nancy Lynch publish the CAP proof. CA exists: "Systems that run on intranets and LANs are an example of these types of algorithms.
 - In 2010, Daniel Abadi raises the point that there is an overlap between CA and CP: "What does 'not tolerant' mean? In practice, it means that they lose availability if there is a partition. Hence CP and CA are essentially identical.
 - Still in 2010, Michael Stonebraker publishes multiple documents around the limited importance of partitions, with the tagline "Myth #6: In CAP, choose AP over CA", considering that with the capacity of modern hardware, small distributed systems can solve most real-life issues, and that "it doesn't much matter what you do when confronted with network partitions."
 - And again in 2010, Coda Hale publishes a blog post: "You cannot sacrifice partition tolerance", explaining that only AP and CP are possible.
 - This triggers a feedback from Stonebraker, who restates all his points.
 - 2 years later, in 2012, referring to these works, Eric Brewer states that "exactly what it means to forfeit P is unclear" and then clarifies: "choosing CA should mean that the probability of a partition is far less than that of other systemic failures, such as disasters or multiple simultaneous faults."
So we need to sort out the following issues:
 - There is an overlap between CP and CA.
 - There is a theoretical impossibility: network partitions are a given, you can choose between 'A' and 'C' when a partition happens but not if partitions happen.
 - There is a practical impossibility: network partitions are too likely to happen on a real life system to be ignored, so CA is impossible in practice.
What does CA mean?
CA is about "forfeiting network partition tolerance", i.e. being "network partition intolerant". Partition intolerance does not mean that network partitions cannot happen, it means network partitions are a critical issue. It's a bit like gluten: being "gluten intolerant" does not mean that you cannot eat any, it means that you should not. Like for gluten, a CA system should also have a means of recovery should a network partition actually happen. The two-phase commit is a perfect example: it comes with a repair tool to fix the transactions broken by an heuristic resolution.
The fact that CA does not mean "I have a network that cannot be partitioned" is important, because it implies a partition can actually happen. This is stressed by Brewer: "choosing CA should mean that the probability of a partition is far less than that of other systemic failures." To estimate this probability you must be quite clear about what a partition actually is. This whole post is only about network partitions.
Let's summarize: CA describes the specification of an operating range, and not a behavior. CP, AP describe the behavior when a partition occurs. This obviously leaves room for an overlap between CP and CA. Let's look at this overlap now.
The overlap between CP and CA
It's the point identified by Abadi: "What does "not tolerant" mean? In practice, it means that they lose availability if there is a partition. Hence CP and CA are essentially identical." A system that does not do anything once partitioned is trivially CP: it does not present a non-consistent history. Such a system could also be considered as CA: it stops working when there is a partition–hence the overlap. This overlap is minimal however:
 - Many CA systems are not CP: for example, the two-phase commit protocol is not consistent (nor available, nor


text:
Reorganisations of share capital: open offers and vendor placings
A characteristic feature of a rights issue is the provisional letter of allotment which entitles existing shareholders to subscribe for further shares in the company under the terms of the issue. However, a company can raise funds in other ways which are similar to a rights issue to the extent that existing shareholders are offered the opportunity to subscribe for the new shares. However, they are not conventional rights issues because there is no provisional letter of allotment which the shareholder can sell 'nil paid', ie before they have subscribed for new shares.
Arrangements alternative to a rights issue fall into two categories which are often known as open offers (or entitlement issues) and vendor placings. However, there is no commonly accepted vocabulary and vendor placings are sometimes described as open offers or entitlement issues and vice-versa. Therefore in any individual case it will be necessary to look at the underlying transactions not simply at the label used to describe them. In practice this should not be a problem as the arrangements are largely confined to public companies and you can follow the treatment described in Interactive Data publications (formerly Extel) unless the taxpayer objects.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
分类： 物理学 >> 核物理学 提交时间： 2016-09-13
摘要：An overview of neutrino electromagnetic properties, which open a door to the new physics beyond the Standard Model, is given. The effects of neutrino electromagnetic interactions both in terrestrial experiments and in astrophysical environments are discussed. The experimental bounds on neutrino electromagnetic characteristics are summarized. Future astrophysical probes of electromagnetic neutrinos are outlined.


Why Purple
Historically, purple has conveyed royalty, nobility, and bravery. In the military, we learn that purple means jointness. It is a color that symbolizes unity, peace, and cooperation. These are qualities we need to recapture in our district—blue and red working together again.
Continue to Meet Tim page…Check out Internship page…
follow tim on social media
Virginia Delegate for District 51


text:
Build Your Own Radio Controlled Vehicle
- Paint Your RC
- Tools & Supplies
- Build RC Planes & Helis (18)
- Build RC Cars & Trucks (19)
- Build RC Boats & Subs (6)
- Build Your Own Track (12)
Robotics and animatronics, along with radio controlled hobbies are a great way to get the younger generation (or anyone) interested in science and technology.
You Made an RC Out of What?
Check out these unusual RCs that gadget geeks like myself have built.
About.com Miniatures describes the basic tools for working with miniatures, including scale models such as RCs.
Kids Can Build Their Own RC
It's always fun when you can combine radio controlled vehicles with another activity that kids love -- and make it educational too. LEGOS, those plastic building blocks that provide endless hours of entertainment make building your own RC a snap. Elenco and Learning Resources also have cool construction sets that allow novice mechanics from 4 to 16 to experience the fun of building their own car without any automotive expertise.
Electronic Projects for RC
For the true do-it-yourself RC builder, find drawings, parts lists, and descriptions for chargers, circuits, sensors, servos, switches, and many other electronic RC parts to build from scratch.
What You Need to Build an RC Submarine
Learn about the things you'll need in order to make your own radio controlled submarine. Includes links to RC submarine plans and building tutorials.
Lego Baseplate Jigs
The Cool Tools blog describes using large Lego baseplates and some building blocks to create jigs or platforms for working with things like RCs. Create a custom fit to hold an airplane, car body, or other parts while gluing or painting, etc.
How Does Weight Affect RC Performance?
Weight plays a role in overall performance of an RC. Find out how to control your weight and why.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Laser Operation: Temperature Control and Mount Selection
Photonics Handbook
The best choices will help you manage the heat generated by laser operation and ensure a robust laser system.
Paul Corr and Patrick Klima, Arroyo Instruments LLC
As you operate your laser, only a portion of the electrical power sourced from your laser driver converts to light energy. The remainder turns to heat, and the buildup of that thermal energy presents a number of issues for the laser system as a whole, and for your laser in particular.
Within your laser setup, the temperature control system is responsible for managing the heat generated by the operation of the laser. In addition to your temperature controller, careful selection of the application-appropriate laser mount will be critical to a robust laser system.
Ultimately, the most pressing issue regarding temperature control is that a change in temperature affects laser light quality, particularly wavelength. If left unchecked, excessive heat may also damage the laser's light-emitting facets, degrading the quality and quantity of the light produced.
The two basic strategies for dissipating the heat produced by a laser are known as passive cooling and active cooling. In addition, this article will cover unconventional thermal management approaches for high-power applications and for applications that require a heated laser mount.
Anatomy and heat flow of a passively cooled laser mount.
Figure 1.
Anatomy and heat flow of a passively cooled laser mount.
Passive cooling
A passive heat sink conducts heat away from the laser and dissipates it into the ambient air (Figure 1). Because this type of laser mount is simply a large thermal heat sink, it is unavoidable that the mount temperature, and that of the laser, will increase. A passively cooled laser mount is designed so that this temperature increase occurs in an incremental and predictable manner.
The thermal performance of such a mount is rated as thermal resistance, in units of °C/W. This rating represents the amount of temperature increase, in degrees Celsius, the laser mount will exhibit at thermal equilibrium for every watt of waste heat generated by the laser.
A fan will improve the thermal performance of a passively cooled laser mount. Typically, the manufacturer will provide ratings for the laser mount with and without an auxiliary fan. Even with a fan, the performance and power range of a passive heat sink are limited to low- and medium-power applications, or applications where higher operating temperatures are acceptable.
Active cooling
Active cooling is a more comprehensive, and also a more complex, approach to thermal management. A device called a Peltier cooler, built into the laser mount or directly into the laser package, operates to cool the laser (Figure 2).
Temperature control loop response in an actively cooled laser mount.
Figure 2. Temperature control loop response in an actively cooled laser mount.
A Peltier device, also known as a thermoelectric cooler (TEC), is a small, flat, thermally conductive ceramic that uses the electrical power supplied by the temperature controller to cool one of its surfaces while heating the opposing surface. The laser mount is responsible for acting as a heat sink to one side of the Peltier device. The other side of the Peltier device is applied to an aluminum or copper cold plate, which makes contact with the laser package case.
To complete the control loop, a temperature sensor provides a feedback signal to the temperature controller, which regulates the power provided to the Peltier device. In many cases, the laser mount will also be equipped with a fan to maximize thermal performance.
The thermal performance of an actively cooled laser mount is referred to as thermal capacity and is rated in watts. This rating represents the amount of thermal power the laser mount can absorb while maintaining a stable temperature. This rating typically applies when the cold plate temperature of the mount matches the ambient temperature. For mount temperatures away from ambient, the manufacturer can typically provide a thermal performance curve as a function of plate temperature.
Notably, a laser mount equipped with a Peltier device will be capable of heating as well as cooling. This allows faster stabilization and response times. In addition, if you are characterizing the performance of an LED or laser device, this capability also allows you to stabilize the system above and below ambient temperature. Since output wavelength is correlated to laser temperature, this also provides a convenient way to precisely control the optical performance of the laser.
Functional considerations for mount selection
Aside from the basic question of sufficient thermal capacity, there are three areas of function that affect the utility of a laser mount. These are the thermal conductivity, the flexibility of the wiring harness, and the mechanical mounting of the laser.
The thermal conductivity of the laser mount, and of the cold plate in particular, is an important design aspect. While aluminum is sufficient for some applications, the preferable material for a cold plate is copper. The thermal properties of copper are superior to those of other materials and will provide a more uniform temperature across the cold plate.
For optimal versatility, consider the flexibility of the wiring harness built into the mount and, by extension, into the laser driver and the temperature controller. Ideally, the manufacturer should provide standard prefabricated cables from the instrumentation to the laser mount. From the laser mount to the laser, connections should be easy to establish and easy to change, using a screw terminal or some other simple means. Soldered connections, or connectors that require significant setup time, are less preferable.
The same principle applies to the mechanical connection between the laser and the mount. That this connection should provide a good thermal interface goes without saying. In addition, it should provide easy disconnections and a measure of versatility for a variety of laser packages. Some manufacturers will offer customizable cold plates, allowing you to specify the mounting hole pattern you require.
High-power systems
Beyond laser mounts with an integrated fan and a Peltier cooler, managing higher thermal output levels becomes more challenging. If an air-cooled mount proves insufficient, then the next option is a water-cooled mount (Figure 3). Water offers a substantial increase in thermal capacity at the cost of complexity and responsiveness.
Layout for a water-cooled, high-power laser mount.
Figure 3. Layout for a water-cooled, high-power laser mount.
While a water-cooled plate is effective at transferring large amounts of heat, several drawbacks exist. First, your temperature set point must fall between the boiling and freezing points of water. Second, a water system requires a chiller, a pump, a customized laser mount and plumbing, which will add setup time and cost. Third, some water systems may have an error range of several tenths of a degree and do not react quickly to changes in temperature. This may be unsuitable for high-precision applications.
To improve the precision of a water system, a hybrid system combining a TEC with a water-cooled laser mount works well. This system relies on the TEC for fine temperature control, and uses the water cooling system to move heat away quickly. This approach is common in high-power laser applications that require good temperature stability.
High-temperature systems
As mentioned earlier in the article, if you are characterizing the performance of a device across a temperature range, or working with applications that require higher temperatures, such as LEDs, the heating capability of a Peltier device may prove useful. Higher mount temperatures require a different type of temperature sensor and a TEC suitable for high-temperature operation, so discuss your application with the laser mount manufacturer. Some laser mounts also incorporate resistive heaters, although this arrangement is obviously only suitable for heat-only applications. In this circumstance, the rest of the thermal management system can remain the same, provided that the temperature controller has the capability to power resistive heaters.
Final words
Selecting the right mount for your laser system will save time and effort while improving overall performance. Beyond the decision to use passive or active cooling, pay special attention to the additional features of the laser mount. Easy mounting, flexible electrical connections and good materials selection are important factors to consider. In the end, the best course may be to call the manufacturer directly and ask questions regarding its mount performance for your particular application.
GLOSSARY
heat sink
A series of flanges or other conducting surfaces, usually metal, attached to an electronic device to transmit and dissipate heat that might damage internal circuitry.
laserstemperature controlmountsElectrical powerlaser driverheat sinkthermal performance of optical mountsArroyo Instrumentsactive cooling
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on the cockroach leg from different heights. You can tape straws at different heights to a ruler, to standardize the heights. Be sure to remind students to blow consistently during each trial.
 - You can purchase compressed air in an aerosol canister at an office supply store. Compressed air is often sold in the computer section because it is used to clean keyboards and computer components. As with the drinking straw method, you can hold the compressed air canister at different heights to achieve different strengths of stimulation (you could try using a yard or meter stick and measuring at different distances).
 1. Start a recording, and wait 10 seconds.
 2. Now, touch the keyboard key "1" and stimulate the leg by turning on the compressed air at the lowest pressure (5 psi). Use the hose to direct the compressed air at the cockroach leg. Stimulate it for at least 5 seconds.
 3. Touch keyboard key "2", raise the air pressure to 10 psi, and repeat.
 4. Touch keyboard key "3", raise the air pressure to 15 psi, and repeat as again
 5. Touch keyboard key "4", raise the air pressure to 20 psi, and again...
 6. Repeat for a few more increases in air pressure, stop the recording, and do the spike firing rate analysis as done above.
So what did you find? Think about your results. Did anything about the experiment surprise you? If so, can you explain why? Anything with a nervous system uses rate coding, including us! Think about all the ways your body uses rate coding, for example, think about the difference between a shallow and hard poke in the arm!
Consider ways you could expand the experiment. Maybe you could compare multiple cockroach legs and come up with some average standards, compare a cockroach leg to a grasshopper leg, experiment with electrode placement, or introduce chemical treatments to the cockroach legs! The world is yours,now go out and experiment!
Note: You can also do this experiment on crickets if you do not have access to cockroaches. You can usually buy crickets at local pet stores. See video:
We have some sample recording files of cockroach leg nerves and the cricket cercal system nerves you can use to familiarize yourself with what a "normal" recording looks like.
Science Fair Project Ideas
 - What causes the spikes that you saw? Specifically, what is occurring when the spike is positive? What is occurring when the spike is negative? Keep in mind you are doing extracellular recordings, which record the change in voltage in the area just outside the cell membrane.
 - Why do you think some leg barbs are more sensitive to stimulation with the toothpick than others?
 - Why does lowering the temperature of the cockroach make it stop moving? What are other ways you could anesthetize it?
 - Based upon your initial results, are you primarily listening to spikes coming from motor neurons (neurons that tell muscles to contract) or from sensory neurons (neurons that send information from the periphery into the brain). Why?


Cover Image
close this bookBetter Farming Series 21. Wet Paddy or Swamp Rice (FAO, 1977, 40 p.)
close this folderTaking care of the rice field
View the documentWeeding
View the documentFlooding and draining
View the documentApplying fertilizers
View the documentProtecting the rice from pests
30. Why must weeds be removed?
Weeds take mineral salts out of the soil, so the rice cannot use them and will be undernourished. Weeds get in the way of harvesting. Weeds prevent the rice from growing and tillering well.
What does tillering mean? We say the rice tillers when It develop several stems on the same plant. The buds at the bottom of the stem develop and make new stems.
After tillering, each grain you have sown will have several stems, and every stem makes a panicle (or head) of rice. But weeds prevent tillering.
Why must weeds be removed
31. When to weed.
If you have flooded your field before transplanting, no weeds will have grown. But when you transplant, you drain the water away, and then the weeds can grow.
Weed 2 weeks after transplanting. Pull the weeds out by hand.
Later more weeds will have grown. You must weed again.
Every time when weeds have grown, you must pull them out.
This means a lot of work, but costs no money. Rice grows much better in a field without weeds, and you will get a much bigger yield.


text:
Wpływ pomocy z funduszy strukturalnych na konkurencyjność przedsiębiorstw
Structural Funds and Their Influence on the Competitiveness of Enterprises
Languages of publication
The paper aims to determine how projects carried out as part of Poland's National Development Plan for 2004-2006 have influenced the competitiveness of enterprises. The analysis applies to the situation in this area as of the end of December 2007. The authors use available research results including Regional Development Ministry reports on the implementation of operational programs and reports evaluating these programs. The analysis covers the results of selected measures undertaken as part of the following operational programs: Sectoral Operational Program Improvement of the Competitiveness of Enterprises, Integrated Operational Program of Regional Development, and Sectoral Operational Program Human Resources Development. The authors zeroed in on projects financed with the use of structural funds and identified measures with the greatest influence on the competitiveness of enterprises. The analysis involved issues such as the scope of assistance, the effectiveness of applying for regional funds, the structure of beneficiaries for structural funds, indicators of implementation, the influence of individual projects on the operations and competitiveness of enterprises, and the opinions of entrepreneurs about access to structural funds. The analysis showed that, despite the possibility of obtaining additional funds for development, the competitiveness of Polish enterprises has remained almost unchanged. The problem is that companies benefitting from structural funds account for a small percentage of the total number of enterprises operating in Poland, the authors say. The analysis made in the paper confirms that EU structural funds have made a difference-but mainly at the microeconomic level. They have benefited specific enterprises rather than the economy as a whole. Overall, the authors conclude, many positive changes have taken place in businesses that have used EU funds to boost their competitive potential.
Publication order reference

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text: Microwave power and the susceptor quantity are important operating parameters in the microwave-assisted pyrolysis. This work aims at finding the optimal power and susceptor quantity from a discrete set of microwave powers (300 W, 450 W, and 600 W) and graphite susceptor quantity (50 g, 200 g, and 350 g) to pyrolyze waste polypropylene. The effect of microwave power and the susceptor quantity on heating rate, conversion efficiency, and heat losses in pyrolysis were analyzed using a central composite design (CCD). It was observed that a higher microwave power and lower susceptor quantity yielded higher heating rates, and lower heating rates were obtained for a lower microwave power and higher susceptor quantity. For example, a very low heating rate, averaging to 8.5 °C/min was obtained for a low microwave power (300 W) and a high susceptor quantity (350 g), whereas high values of heating rate (71.7 °C/min) were obtained for a microwave power of 600 W with 50 g of susceptor quantity. For a set of microwave powers considered in this study, it was observed that the required bed temperatures were acquired faster at a low susceptor quantity compared to high susceptor quantity. The oil produced from the pyrolysis of WPP has a high heating value of 44 MJ/kg and the carbon number distribution in the range of C8 to C12. The char produced has rich carbon content (96 wt.%) and a high specific surface area (195 m2/g). Cyclo alkenes with a selectivity of 70% and monocyclic hydrocarbons with a selectivity of 49.6 % were produced at 450 W and 600 W powers respectively for a susceptor quantity of 50 g. From this study, it is found that the microwave power and susceptor quantity are the important parameters for minimizing the microwave energy requirement in the pyrolysis. The low susceptor quantity and high microwave power were found to be the best for achieving fast heating rates and low energy requirements. The microwave power significantly playing a vital role in the polypropylene pyrolysis product spectrum for value-added hydrocarbons.


WeBWorK Problems
stats and least squares linear regression
Re: stats and least squares linear regression
by Danny Glin -
Number of replies: 0
You can look at the code of the problems in the Regression section of the OPL to get some ideas. Here are a few techniques that I am aware of:
 1. Use the R integration with WeBWorK. This allows you to call any R functions to do statistical calculations. Many of the UBC statistics problems in the OPL take advantage of this.
 2. There appears to be a function called linear_regression in PGstatisticsmacros.pl. According to the documentation, the usage is:
 @xdata = (-1,2,3,4,5,6,7);
 @ydata = (6,5,6,7,8,9,11);
 ($slope,$intercept,$var,$SXX) = linear_regression(~~@xdata,~~@ydata);
 Though based on a quick look, this isn't used in any OPL problem, so I don't know how well tested it is.
 3. You can create a for loop within your problem to manually calculate the parameters. This is inelegant but effective.


text:
What does EXEC mean in Housing?
This page is about the meanings of the acronym/abbreviation/shorthand EXEC in the Community field in general and in the Housing terminology in particular.
Find a translation for EXEC in other languages:
Select another language:
What does EXEC mean?
- White House, EXEC(noun)
- the chief executive department of the United States government


text:
Why does a whip make a cracking sound when someone whips it? --- Thomas, Englishtown, N.J.
Marshall Brain Answers:
That cracking sound you are hearing is a sonic boom. The tip of a long whip goes supersonic and makes the sound. The following video demonstrates how to make a whip and crack it:
Here is the tip in slow motion:
This article puts a finer point on it:
"A whip is specially crafted to accelerate a loop in its body to high speeds. The tapering of a whip makes a loop traveling along it speed up by a factor of ten. The lightweight free end allows an extra factor of two to three in speed. For realistic whips, the tip can reach speeds more than 30 times the initial speed," he said.
See also: Time Warp: Whip Through Soda Can


text:
Hi, i have two m files in order to calculate STATMOMENTS & STATXTURE of an image. [*statmoments.m & statxture.m*]. the statmoments m file is inside the statxture m file. i need to make a pushbotton with text boxes to display my result of the m files in them. so, the question is HOW TO USE THOES M FILES IN PUSH BOTTON? AND DISPLAY THE RESULTS IN TEXT BOXES?
thanks for your time and helping!
You can find out how to use GUIDE to build a GUI and put code in so that when you click a button your code executes. You can also use sprintf() and set() to put text onto the GUI in a text control.
% Make a string. theText = sprintf('Your number = %.3f', theNumber); % Now, send it to the text control. set(handles.text1, 'String', theText);
Play games and win prizes!Learn more


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Brain and Mental Performance Behavior Depression Neurology
Newly discovered node in brain could expand understanding of dysfunctional social behavior
4 months ago
2672 0
Posted on Apr 02, 2021, 3 p.m.
What's the difference between a giggle and a belly laugh? Or a yelp and an all-out scream? In many species, including humans, the volume and duration of a verbal sound conveys as much information as the noise itself.
A group of scientists, led by Scripps Research, has discovered a node in the brains of male mice that modulates the sounds they make in social situations. This discovery, published in Nature, could help identify similar locations in the human brain, and potentially lead to a better understanding of social disorders such as autism or depression.
"Identifying this node gives us signatures of what to look for when human behavior goes awry," says Lisa Stowers, Ph.D., a neuroscientist and professor at Scripps Research who led the study. "It's giving us clues to how information is organized in the brain, and how different features of information can be separated out in different brain regions."
As part of their courtship behavior, male mice produce "songs." These complicated whistles, which are too high for the human ear to detect, are louder and longer when the female mouse is nearby or when her scent is stronger. The researchers identified a specific type of neuron in a part of the hypothalamus called the lateral preoptic area that controls the emotional regulation of these sounds.
"The hypothalamus and the rest of the limbic system control body functions such as hunger, thirst and temperature regulation, as well as the basic features of emotional behavior like sex and fear," Stowers says. "It is fitting that the emotional aspect of these social noises are generated in this region of the brain."
By directly stimulating the right nodes from these neurons, the scientists could trigger the whole array of noises that go into a mouse song. Varying the level of stimulation allowed them to control how enthusiastic those sounds were.
When the researchers blocked these nodes, male mice encountering a female would attempt to court her in silence. (Female mice responded by kicking the males and running away.) If the researchers bypassed these nodes and activated the next node downstream, the male mice only made long, loud noises.
"They're basically just shouting," Stowers says. "By finding these neurons, it's telling us that this part of the brain is doing this emotional scaling and persistence. If you take that away, then you lose all of that affect, all of that emotional range, and the ability to have effective social communication."
Most research on noise production in the brain has focused on language development, Stowers says. But the sounds that even an infant can make -- a giggle, a cry, a scream -- don't have to be learned and are just as vital for communication. Identifying how the brain decides on these responses is the first step to understanding where things can go wrong in social behavioral disorders such as autism and depression.
"We are starting to get a detailed look at where in the brain different types of computations are being made," Stowers says. "Now that we know that this simple behavior is regulated in the hypothalamus, we can study whether others behaviors are also using similar circuits and if so, perhaps find a common mechanism -- and drug target -- for when emotions are not generated appropriately."
Funding was provided by the Dorris Neuroscience and Skaggs Scholarships, the Anandamahidol Foundation Fellowship, Career Award at the Scientific Interface from BWF and the National Institutes of Health (R01NS097772, R01DA049787, R01NS108439).
Materials provided by:
Content may be edited for style and length.
WorldHealth Videos


text:
One Brave Idea, an innovative research project funded by Verily, the American Heart Association and Astra Zeneca, partners with the Acera School, connecting education with real-life science and technology.
Students sample and sequence their own skin microbiome, hack wearables, invent and build apps, and discuss what it means to be healthy — or sick.
About the Acera OBI Partnership
In a visionary new partnership, One Brave Idea and the Acera School have set out to break ground on our understanding of health and wellness in children and adolescents, and on how children can become active contributors to research, education and community engagement on cardiovascular health.
By bringing together innovators in the fields of medical sciences and education, the OBI-Acera Partnership connects 21st Century research with 21st Century learning, paving the way for truly novel ideas, products, knowledge and change-agents to emerge.
Together with OBI, we will be developing a roadmap for investigating contributors to CV health in children and adolescents in school settings (such as sleep, nutrition, stress & anxiety, microbiome.) We will create curricula that deeply connect to this research and allow teachers in diverse educational environments to engage students in learning about CV health in hands-on, student-driven ways. And we will involve students in the innovation process, recognizing their potential as agents and creators of new approaches and devices that speak to peers their age.
Hear OBI Principal Investigator Calum MacRae, MD, PhD, explain why he and his team are interested in collaborating with Acera.
Led by Dr. Calum MacRae, chief of cardiovascular medicine at Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston and a long-time Acera curriculum collaborator, the One Brave Idea team is comprised of leading scientists from multiple disciplines working together to understand the earliest stages of coronary heart disease. Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the primary force behind the No. 1 killer in the world, claiming more than 7 million lives each year.
Over the past several decades, we have learned a lot – but it's not enough. Research has become too incremental, conducted by teams that were too narrow and lacking the powerhouse funding to bring together the best and brightest minds. The American Heart Association, Verily and AstraZeneca have combined forces to fight this epidemic. Through a $75 million investment in a diverse team of scientists, together with the latest technologies and scientific advances, we have set out to find the weapons and strategies to win the fight against coronary heart disease.
To get started, we have identified thematic areas of interest to CV research, and approaches to investigating these in elementary and middle school settings.
Microbiome. Acera scientist-in-residence and teacher Michael Hirsch developed a curriculum approach that enables Middle School students to successfully sequence and study their own skin microbiome (and what it can tell us about CV health) in the lab, and make their findings reproducible and informative for research. The goal is to engage students in authentic learning on cutting-edge science in hands-on ways, empowering them to develop a new sense of ownership in their own health, and explore how microbiome researchers can collaborate with schools on such curricula as well as enroll students in broader studies.
Wearables. In the SEEDS StudioLab, Acera design teacher Alisha Panjwani works with middle school students who hack and modify existing wearables, or design and prototype new devices that measure one or more metrics for wellness in youth. The student's concepts and solutions contribute to the development of new ways to track biomarkers and inform our understanding of CV disease prevention, starting in childhood.
Wellness and Cardiovascular Health. How can we capture and codify health data that already exists in schools (such as absences, illnesses)? What are measures of wellness that schools could consistently track in their student population — such as emotional health questionnaires, activity logs, or heart rates during tests — to contribute to our knowledge base, while also increasing students' sense of ownership over their own well being and health? By partnering with OBI, we are developing news ways to create health dashboards for schools.
Approaches to Consent & Community Engagement. To define and test successful approaches to consent in school communities for research that involves children, we collaborate with leading universities such as MIT and Boston University on designing study protocols that allow schools to set up or collaborate in studies in safe, ethical and professional ways. In this process, we hope to learn how we can involve whole families in learning and research about wellness.
Curriculum Roll-out & STEM Education Advocacy. After curriculum pilots at Acera, we aim to create curricula that will enable other schools to teach, innovate and inform research in similar ways.


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Can Ants Digest Chitin?
9) Ants(obviously) eat other insects, and I probably lack observation skills but do the ants also eat the exoskeleton also? Do they (or the larvae) have some way of digesting chitin? I did see that the ants pretty much leave MOST of the exoskeleton intact, and go for soft parts.
You have definitely got some challenging questions here. I'm going to give this one a try, but if anyone knows more about this, please jump in.
You probably have seen bug bits (discarded exoskeletons) littering the trash heaps around ant nests.
trash-heap3Many arthropods, including insects, have long chain polysaccharides in their cuticle known as chitin. (Chitin is also found in fungi, which was one of the lines of evidence that moved fungi into their own Kingdom.) The exoskeleton of insects is also made up of various proteins and waxes.
Chitin is known to be difficult to digest. It's long chain polysaccharide structure is similar to cellulose, which is also difficult for animals to use as food. The digestion of chitin requires special enzymes, chitinases, to break the strong bonds between the molecules. For a time it was thought that chitinases only occurred in a few bacteria, but evidence is showing up that certain animals have chitinases in their digestive systems, too.
It turns out that insects have chitinases able to break down chitin, but they aren't where you might expect them. The chitinases in insects are in the cuticle and are used to move chitin during molting.
We know that adult worker ants can't digest solids, so they can't digest chitin. What about larvae? It is highly unlikely, because the larval digestive system is also lined with chitin. When insects molt, they also shed most of their digestive tract, which is derived from the same tissues as the exoskeleton. Therefore, it seems larval ants probably couldn't digest chitin without digesting their own alimentary canal.
Many arthropod predators of insects suck out the insects fluid insides. Think about spiders, assassin bugs, lacewing larvae, etc. They are all feeding on fluids.
If it is true that insects can't digest chitin as a food source, this leads to some other questions. Leafcutter ants feed on special fungi, which they grow in their nests. Do the fungi they grow have chitin? Do the leafcutters have gut symbionts or some other means to digest that chitin?
If there are any chitin experts out there, it would be great to have some clarification.
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Название: Solution of Ornstein-Zernike equation for wall-particle distribution function
Авторы: L. Blum, G. Stell
The Ornstein-Zernike (OZ) equation is considered for the wall-particle distribution functiong 0(x) in the case of a flat, impenetrable wall atx = 0 and a fluid of hard-core particles whose centers are constrained by the wall to occupy the semiinfinite spacex >/2, where is the particle diameter. A solution is given in terms of the wall-particle direct correlation function c0(x) forx >/2, the bulk-fluid direct correlation function cB (t), and pB, the average bulk density. Explicit formulas for the contact surface density, total excess surface density, and the Laplace transform of the fluid density near the wall are given. For mean spherical type approximations, c0 (x) forx >/2 and cB (t) are both prescribed functions; for this case, a closed-form solution is obtained. An example is discussed and additional equations that enable one to go beyond the approximations considered above are introduced.


How to Mix Glaze
 1. Make sure we have all of the materials you plan to use BEFORE mixing them together
 2. Clean two 5 gallon buckets. Make sure they are really clean! If you can find the 6 gallon bucket, use that to dry mix your ingredients
 3. Use the small triple beam scale and balance it so that the pointer is lined up with the "0" when only the container you are measuring in is sitting on the scale.
 5. Measure your materials out, keeping in mind that you will need to keep track of what you are measuring on a scrap piece of paper. For example, if you need 2700 grams of Custer Feldspar, you set the scale for 500 grams and weigh that out 5 times (making a note of each 500 gram weighing). Then do another weighing at 200 to equal 2700.
 6. Put all of your dry materials into one bucket.
 7. Dry off the glaze mixer on the end of the drill and use that to dry mix the materials until it looks like it's all the same color.
 8. Add water, mixing as you add it. Keep in mind that it's much easier to ADD water than take it out!
 9. Put the rotary sieve on the other clean bucket and sieve the glaze into that bucket.
 10. Clean the first bucket out, then sieve the glaze back into the first bucket. Sieving the glaze twice helps to mix the glaze thoroughly. You may need to add some water as the sieving process sometimes makes the glaze thicker.
 11. Thoroughly clean the sieve and any tools you used to mix the glaze.
 12. Follow the directions below to make sure you add the right amount of glaze.
The triple beam scale should balance like this


Comment : créer un fichier .vsctHow to: Create a .vsct file
Il existe plusieurs façons de créer une configuration de table de commande basé sur XML Visual Studio (.vsct) fichier.There are several ways to create an XML-based Visual Studio command table configuration (.vsct) file.
 - Vous pouvez créer un nouveau VSPackage s'affiche dans le Visual StudioVisual Studio modèle de package.You can create a new VSPackage in the Visual StudioVisual Studio package template.
 - Vous pouvez utiliser le compilateur de configuration de table de commande basé sur XML, Vsct.exe, pour générer un fichier à partir d'un existant .ctc fichier.You can use the XML-based command table configuration compiler, Vsct.exe, to generate a file from an existing .ctc file.
 - Vous pouvez utiliser Vsct.exe pour générer un .vsct fichier depuis une .cto fichier.You can use Vsct.exe to generate a .vsct file from an existing .cto file.
 - Vous pouvez créer manuellement un nouveau .vsct fichier.You can manually create a new .vsct file.
 Cet article explique comment créer manuellement un nouveau .vsct fichier.This article explains how to manually create a new .vsct file.
Pour créer manuellement un nouveau fichier .vsctTo manually create a new .vsct file
 1. Démarrez Visual StudioVisual Studio.Start Visual StudioVisual Studio.
 2. Sur le fichier menu, pointez sur New, puis cliquez sur fichier.On the File menu, point to New, and then click File.
 3. Dans le modèles volet, cliquez sur fichier XML puis cliquez sur Open.In the Templates pane, click XML File and then click Open.
 4. Sur le vue menu, cliquez sur propriétés pour afficher les propriétés du fichier XML.On the View menu, click Properties to display the properties of the XML file.
 5. Dans le propriétés fenêtre, cliquez sur le Parcourir bouton sur le schémas propriété.In the Properties window, click the Browse button on the Schemas property.
 6. Dans la liste des schémas XSD, sélectionnez le vsct.xsd schéma.In the list of XSD schemas, select the vsct.xsd schema. Si elle n'est pas dans la liste, cliquez sur ajouter , puis recherchez le fichier sur un lecteur local.If it is not in the list, click Add and then find the file on a local drive. Cliquez sur OK lorsque vous avez terminé.Click OK when you are finished.
 7. Dans le fichier XML, tapez < CommandTable , puis appuyez sur onglet. Fermer la balise en tapant >.In the XML file, type <CommandTable and then press Tab. Close the tag by typing >.
 Cette action crée un base .vsct fichier.This action creates a basic .vsct file.
 8. Renseignez les éléments du fichier XML que vous souhaitez ajouter, selon le référence du schéma XML VSCT.Fill in the elements of the XML file that you want to add, according to the VSCT XML schema reference. Pour plus d'informations, consultez créer des fichiers .vsctFor more information, see Author .vsct files
Comment : créer un fichier .vsct à partir d'un fichier .ctc existantHow to: Create a .vsct File from an existing .ctc file
Vous pouvez créer une base de XML .vsct fichier à partir d'une table existante de la commande .ctc fichier source.You can create an XML-based .vsct file from an existing command table .ctc source file. Ce faisant, vous pouvez tirer parti du nouveau basé sur XML Visual StudioVisual Studio format de compilateur (VSTC) de table de commande.By doing this, you can take advantage of the new XML-based Visual StudioVisual Studio command table (VSCT) compiler format.
Pour créer un fichier .vsct à partir d'un fichier .ctcTo create a .vsct file from a .ctc file
 1. Obtenez une copie du langage Perl.Obtain a copy of the Perl language.
 2. Obtenir une copie du script Perl ConvertCTCToVSCT.pl, généralement situé dans le <chemin d'installation de Visual Studio SDK > \VisualStudioIntegration\Tools\bin dossier.Obtain a copy of the Perl script ConvertCTCToVSCT.pl, typically located in the <Visual Studio SDK installation path>\VisualStudioIntegration\Tools\bin folder.
 3. Obtenir une copie de la .ctc fichier source que vous souhaitez convertir.Obtain a copy of the .ctc source file that you want to convert.
 4. Placez les fichiers dans le même répertoire.Place the files in the same directory.
 5. Dans la Visual StudioVisual Studio fenêtre d'invite de commandes, accédez au répertoire.In the Visual StudioVisual Studio command prompt window, navigate to the directory.
 6. TypeType
 perl.exe ConvertCTCtoVSCT.pl PkgCmd.ctc PkgCmd.vsct

 PkgCmd.ctc est le nom de la .ctc fichier et PkgCmd.vsct est le nom de la .vsct fichier que vous souhaitez créer.where PkgCmd.ctc is the name of the .ctc file and PkgCmd.vsct is the name of the .vsct file that you want to create.
 Cette action crée un nouveau .vsct fichier de source de table de commande XML.This action creates a new .vsct XML command table source file. Vous pouvez compiler le fichier à l'aide de Vsct.exe, le compilateur VSCT, comme vous le feriez pour n'importe quel autre .vsct fichier.You can compile the file by using Vsct.exe, the VSCT compiler, as you would any other .vsct file.
 Note
 Vous pouvez améliorer la lisibilité de la .vsct fichier en reformatant les commentaires XML.You can improve the readability of the .vsct file by reformatting the XML comments.
Comment : créer un fichier .vsct à partir d'un fichier .cto existantHow to: Create a .vsct file from an existing .cto file
Vous pouvez créer une base de XML .vsct fichier à partir d'un fichier binaire existant .cto fichier.You can create an XML-based .vsct file from an existing binary .cto file. Cela vous permet de tirer parti du nouveau format de compilateur de la table de commande.Doing this allows you to take advantage of the new command table compiler format. Ce processus fonctionne même si le .cto fichier a été compilé à partir d'un .ctc fichier.This process works even if the .cto file was compiled from a .ctc file. Vous pouvez modifier et compiler le .vsct fichier dans un autre fichier .cto.You can edit and compile the .vsct file into another .cto file.
Pour créer un fichier .vsct à partir d'un fichier .ctoTo create a .vsct file from a .cto file
 1. Obtenir des copies de la .cto fichier et son .ctsym fichier.Obtain copies of the .cto file and its corresponding .ctsym file.
 2. Placez les fichiers dans le même répertoire que le vsct.exe compilateur.Place the files into the same directory as the vsct.exe compiler.
 3. À l'invite de commandes Visual Studio, accédez au répertoire qui contient le .cto et .ctsym fichiers.At the Visual Studio command prompt, go to the directory that contains the .cto and .ctsym files.
 4. TypeType
 vsct.exe <ctofilename>.cto <vsctfilename>.vsct -S<symfilena


text:
Unformatted text preview: strain) difference. b. Part 2: Repeat measurements of strain at fixed end displacements. i. Take the beam through a sequence of fixed displacements (5 total) from zero applied displacement to some reasonable maximum value for your set-up. ii. Repeat the displacement sequence 7 times, recording data for each run. iii. Document measurement drift by recording the values of strain after all the measurements are complete and the beam is unloaded. 3. Analysis a. Develop equations that predict strain at the location of the gage as a function of end displacement . Note1 : Use SI units throughout your work. Note2: You will be asked to do uncertainty analysis for your calculations. Make sure you have enough information to do this. See that "Uncertainty Analysis" document on the website....
View Full Document
- Spring '08
- Strain, strain gauge nulling, before-and-after strain values


text:
A modern dictionary of Catholic terms, both common and obscure. Find accurate definitions of words and phrases.
SYNDERESIS or SYNTERESIS
The habit of knowing the basic principles of the moral law; the knowledge of the universal first principles of the practical order. Sometimes applied to conscience, which is, however, rather the mind's concrete application of known principles, judging on the moral goodness or badness of a specific human action. (Etym. Greek synteresis, spark of conscience.)
All items in this dictionary are from Fr. John Hardon's Modern Catholic Dictionary, © Eternal Life. Used with permission.


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Printing Table in JRuby
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In the previous sections of JRuby tutorials you have studied how to run program in JRuby and to calculate factorial in JRuby.
Printing Table in JRuby

In the previous sections of JRuby tutorials you have studied how to run program in JRuby and to calculate factorial in JRuby. Now in this part of JRuby tutorial we will tell you how to take input in JRuby from the console and print output table on the console output.
This example to print table will take input from the console and this is being done with the "gets" method. To print table we have used loop control
"upto...do...end". Here is the example code for generating table in JRuby as follows:
JRubyTable.java
# Printing Table in JRuby
print " Enter number to print table := "
n= gets
1.upto(10) do |i|
puts "#{n} * #{i} = #{n.to_i * i.to_i}"
end
To execute this program execute this JRubyTable.rb with jruby command. This will ask for a value to calculate factorial and generate result according to given value.
Output:
C:\JRuby>jruby JRubyTable.rb
Enter number to print table := 6
6 * 1 = 6
6 * 2 = 12
6 * 3 = 18
6 * 4 = 24
6 * 5 = 30
6 * 6 = 36
6 * 7 = 42
6 * 8 = 48
6 * 9 = 54
6 * 10 = 60
Download Source Code

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text:
Egg binding refers to a common and potentially serious condition where a female bird is unable to pass an egg that may be stuck near the cloaca, or further inside the reproductive tract. Even though egg binding can occur in any female bird, it is most common in smaller birds such as lovebirds, cockatiels, budgies and finches.
The potential of an egg breaking inside the tract is high, which then can result in an infection or damage to internal tissue; and - if left untreated - death.
The bound egg may be gently massaged out; failing this it may become necessary for a vet to break the egg inside and remove it in parts. If broken, the oviduct should be cleaned of shell fragments and egg residue to avoid damage or infection.
Suspected causes for egg binding include:
- Low Calcium Levels or Hypocalcaemia Syndrome associated with low calcium levels in the blood. Supplementing the breeding hen with a diet rich in calcium and Vitamin D is an important factor in preventing this problem
- You could provide a dish filled with crushed egg shell (from boiled eggs to kill any bacteria) and/or attach a calcium / mineral block to the cage.
- In areas where access to natural sunlight is limited (such as in the northern hemisphere during the winter months), full spectrum lamps can be used to provide UVA and UVB rays.natrual food source rich in vitimine D Potentially discuss supplementation with your vet. Supplementation needs to be carefully screen ed and supervised by a vet since an excess of vitamin D (in the form of a supplement) causes kidney damage and retards growth.
- Relevant Article:Natural Calcium for Birds - Sources and Absorbability
- Malnutrition caused by seed-only or low-protein diets.
- Sedentary lifestyle: Often the case when birds are kept in enclosures / cages that are too small for them. The lack of exercise causes poorly developed muscles and obesity.
- At particular risk are sick and old Birds.
- Pet birds can also develop this problem, as birds don't need a mate to lay eggs. (Obviously, solitary egg-laying females won't produce fertile eggs.)
Loss of appetite, depression, abdominal straining, and sitting fluffed on the bottom of the cage. Some hens may pass large wet droppings while others may not pass any droppings due to the egg's interfering with normal defecation.
If you suspect that your bird is egg-bound, she should be seen by a vet immediately. The veterinarian may be able to feel the egg in the bird's abdomen. An x-ray may be necessary to confirm the diagnosis. Sometimes medical treatment will enable the hen to pass her egg. Occasionally surgery is necessary.
Complications from being egg bound can be swelling, bleeding or prolapse of the oviduct.
If in doubt as to if the hen is egg bound or not, a few vet sites recommend separation, warmth, warm bath and calcium to all hens in lay that seem distressed.
This is a life-threatening condition and should be addressed by a qualified avian vet. Your vet may discuss:
- Calcium shots - immediate solution to help the egg shell harden allowing the hen to hopefully pass it
- Lupron shots to stop hens from going into breeding condition
- Spaying your hen as a permanent solution
The following are samples of actions that have resolved this problem for some birds (please note: not all hens can be saved, especially if it's critical by the time the problem was discovered and no vet is available or can be reached in time). Egg-bound hens go into profound cardiovascular collapse and may not be able to put in the effort to push the egg out without intervention.
- Suspected egg binding: Keep her in a warm area. Provide supportive care.
- Place the bird into a steamy room, such as bathroom with shower on until the bathroom mirrors and windows steam up. Desired temperature: 85-90 degrees Fahrenheit / Humidity: 60%. Place bird on wet towel. The warmth relaxes the hen so that the vent can dilate more allowing the egg to pass.
- A warm water bath can also be of great help (shallow water, of course, you don't want to drown the hen). This relaxes her muscles and often the hen will pass the egg into the water. Make the water as warm as you would like to take a long soak in.
- Massage the muscles in that area with olive oil. In many cases, this lead to a successful passing of the egg. Note: there is a risk associated with messaging this area. It could cause the egg inside to break - which is life-threatening. Be very careful! If in doubt, it's always best to have the vet take care of it...
- Even if the cause is not hypocalcaemia in this hen's case it will not hurt her to have more calcium.
- Applying a personal lubricant, such as KY jelly to her vent may also be helpful.
- To reduce swelling on her vent, some breeders reported success in applying Preparation H to her vent.
- Successful Passing of the Egg: Following passing of the egg keep the hen in a warm and quiet area separate from the others, until she is out of shock and back to eating and drinking well.
- Prevention: Provide bird with high-calorie, high-calcium food to help strengthen future eggs and prevent egg binding.


text:
An archaeological expedition to unearth clues about Nate
Harrison, a Palomar Mountain homesteader who is generally
considered the county's first permanent black resident, has
answered some questions about his life —— and possibly raised new
Last summer, San Diego State University students dug up more
than 6,100 artifacts at the old homestead site on Nate Harrison
Grade, a rocky, treacherous road named for the former slave who
fled Kentucky in the mid-1800s to find freedom in California.
Professor Seth Mallios, who led a dozen summer-school students
on the dig for three weeks, will present the findings in a lecture
at 11 a.m. Saturday at the San Diego Archaeological Center in
Escondido, 16666 San Pasqual Valley Road.
Artifacts from the dig, now stored at SDSU, have been catalogued
and researched nonstop since the dig ended in June 2004.
When Nate Harrison fell ill and left Palomar Mountain in 1920,
he left behind a legacy riddled with questions.
"He's a legend for the county —— and I mean that in the good
ways and the bad ways," Mallios said.
Mallios said Harrison was a remarkable man who made friends in
many communities —— the neighboring Pauma American Indians, the
white frontiersmen and other black settlers. But many of the
stories that follow Harrison are too fantastic, Mallios said.
"I feel like maybe it was he who chopped down his father's
cherry tree and could not tell a lie," Mallios said. Some tales
tell of Harrison killing a mountain lion or mixing lizards into his
That's why Mallios set out to conduct the first-ever dig on
Harrison's former homestead —— about 15 acres in size, according to
an 1896 survey map. Mallios said the property's current owners,
Jamey and Hannah Kirby, were happy to host an excavation. They
built a shower and latrine for the students to use while they
camped on the side of the mountain.
One thing the diggers discovered is that Harrison had a
fascination with keeping time, Mallios said. They found three clock
gears, a clock back and a fob and chain for a pocket watch.
Harrison is often seen with a pocket watch in old photographs.
Why would an isolated man on a mountain care about time?
Mallios said the fascination was nationwide. By the late 1800s,
railroads had revolutionized transportation in the United States ——
and Americans saw the standardization of time zones.
For graduate student Sarah Stroud, the timepieces were very
exciting finds. The students found the wooden mouthpiece for a
tobacco pipe, too, which also appears in those old photographs.
"These are all very personal possessions that he would have
used, treasured," Stroud said.
The students also found remains of Harrison's house, including
parts of stone footings and a wooden shake-shingle roof.
Stroud said her favorite find is a piece of pencil lead. She
immediately wondered if it belonged to Harrison, which could be a
clue to his literacy.
For a black man who already defied the odds —— finding freedom
and integrating into a new community —— the ability to write would
be a major feat.


text:
Storage Capacity / Energy Density
The useable energy content of floating hydraulic energy storage is dependent upon its mass (structure, technical equipment, additional loads) and the size of its cavity (water reservoir). To estimate the energy stored one must consider an idealized system, wherein the total mass is concentrated in additional loads and the cavity has a cylindrical shape. In this case, the storable energy content reaches its maximum, if at maximum immersion depth h, the cavity is half full with water (see diagram).
Schematic diagram of an ideal system
The energy content or storage capacity E of an idealized hydraulic energy storage is calculated using the following formula:
in which m is the mass of the hydraulic energy storage, including all additional loads, g is the gravitational acceleration, ? Fluid is the density of water, h is the maximum immersion depth and A is the base area.
In such an idealized system the mass m of the hydraulic energy storage is proportional to its energy content E. The following diagram illustrates the relationship between the base area A and the immersion depth h for various energy contents E.
Energy storage capacity as a function of maximum immersion depth h and the base area A
The energy density is comparatively low. However, due to the "unlimited" number of load cycles, the short response time and the high operation efficiency, significant advantages are expected when compared to other energy storage concepts. The gravimetric energy density of an idealized hydraulic energy storage system is
The volumetric energy density of an idealized hydraulic energy storage system is


Project Management
Uncovered Interest Parity In A Partially Dollarized Developing Country: Does UIP Hold In Bolivia? (And If Not, Why Not?)
Free registration required
Executive Summary
According to the Uncovered Interest Parity (UIP) condition, interest rate differentials compensate for expected exchange rate changes, equalizing the expected returns from holding assets which only differ in terms of currency denomination. In the previous literature, there are many tests of UIP for industrialized countries, and, more recently, some tests for emerging economies. However, due to data availability problems, poorer developing countries have not been studied. This paper tests UIP in a partially dollarized economy, Bolivia, where bank accounts only differ in terms of currency denomination.
 - Format: PDF
 - Size: 317.1 KB


text:
GNSS versus Lightning01/21/2024
Future space navigation technologies will rely on sensors that use natural phenomena instead of GNSS signals.
University of Wuerzburg researchers have devised a sensor that can work in similar form to GNSS receivers. The study, published this month in Results in Engineering, proposes to use lightning phenomena as a resource for space navigation, in particular for satellites around Earth. "Specific sensors embedded in satellites and tracking lightning phenomena, would allow computing relative navigation solutions for spacecraft constellations, at intersatellite distances of above 500 meters" according the study. In the future, this idea (and the sensor proposed) could be used for deep space exploration in planets where lightning events are known to exist, such as Venus, Jupiter, Saturn or Uranus. Future research will focus on developing the sensor and improve the Technological Readiness on space, in particular through a Cubesat mission.
Contact: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Sergio Montenegro


text:
DMP Assistant is a bilingual tool for preparing data management plans (DMPs). The tool follows best practices in data stewardship and walks researchers step-by-step through key questions about data management. DMP Assistant was adapted from the (UK) Digital Curation Centre's DMPOnline tool and is hosted at the University of Alberta. The French user interface was produced with support from the Université de Montréal Library. It is freely available to all researchers in Canada and provides specialized guidance to help researchers utilize the tool to develop their plan.
DataQ is a collaborative platform for the community to use to ask and answer questions related to research data support in academic libraries. Library staff from any institution may submit questions on research data topics to the DataQ website, where questions are reviewed by an Editorial Team of experts with additional support from an active pool of Project Volunteers. Answers to these questions, from both the community and the Editorial Team, are posted to the DataQ website and include links to resources and tools, best practices, and practical approaches to working with researchers to address specific research data issues.
University of British Columbia Library release their Research Data Management (RDM) website at _URL_ The website is designed to be service-oriented. Four sections, Learn; Plan; Share and Find guide users to the RDM advice and systems solutions that meet their current needs. The Learn section includes a DataGuide (CC BY 3.0) - a quick standalone guide developed to get people started on Research Data Management, which could be re-used and adapted.
The Research Data Management Training, or MANTRA project has produced an open, online training course for PhD and early career researchers to learn best practices in data management. In addition to the interactive, online module which covers data management topics such as Organising Your Data, there are downloadable software modules covering data handling skills in SPSS, R, NVivo and ArcGIS. The resource was created by EDINA and Data Library, University of Edinburgh, and was funded by the JISC Managing Research Data programme.
The Irish Qualitative Data Archive: Best Practice in Archiving Qualitative Data (PDF) handbook is intended to introduce the researcher and data curator to the issues they need to consider when developing an archiving strategy appropriate to their qualitative data set. The guidelines apply principally to textual data that have been generated in qualitative research projects.
UCSD Research Cyberinfrastructure: Data Management Planning contains resources, examples, and links to guides on writing a data management plan. Strong National Science Foundation (NSF) focus.
The UK Data Archive's guide Managing and Sharing Data: Best Practice for Researchers (PDF) provides guidance to support researchers in producing high quality research data that can be shared and re-used beyond the primary research. The guidance covers: Why and how to share research data Data management planning and costing Documenting data Formatting data Storing data and data security Ethics and consent for data sharing and re-use Data copyright Data management strategies for large investments
UK Data Archive: Create and Manage Data provides best practice guidance for researchers on creating and managing data. Guidance covers data management and sharing planning, consent and ethics in data sharing, data ownership and copyright, documenting data, formatting data, storing data, data security and data management strategies for large-scale research investments.
The MIT Libraries Data Management and Publishing guide is aimed to provide academic researchers with practical tips for research data management. Includes guidance on a range of topics, covering both managing data during a project and sharing/archiving data upon completion. Includes page on developing data management plans.


About the ALCA
The Australian Lure Coursing Association was established in 2013 to ensure a consistent approach to the sport of lure coursing across Australia.
Mission Statement
The purpose of the Australian Lure Coursing Association Incorporated (IA41383) is to promote and administer the sport of Lure Coursing in Australia at a National Level.
 1. To encourage the participation of dogs in organised Lure Coursing events.
 2. To provide and maintain a national unified set of rules, under which state Lure Coursing bodies conduct Lure Coursing events.
 3. To develop and maintain a code of ethics under which state bodies and participants participate in lure coursing events
 4. To develop and maintain a set of criteria under which lure coursing events in Australia are judged to be used by all member clubs.
 5. To promote the sport of Lure Coursing as a sport for all dogs.
 6. To develop a set of procedures and criteria under which new judges are trained and assessed.
 7. To cater for the demand of various groups and clubs to have and operate lure coursing events in an organised and professional manner.
 8. To develop a set of coursing plans and procedures for setting out suitable layouts of courses.
 9. To provide a platform for interstate Lure Coursing competitions.
 10. To develop and maintain a grading system to allow dogs to progress through grades and to obtain titles in Lure Coursing.


text:
We'll admit that we're a little late discovering Sign Libra, but this new track from her forthcoming album Sea To Sea is an absolute beauty.
Accompanied by an equally colourful visual, 'Sea of Islands' is an vibrant, fun and quite frankly unquie exploration into sound which embodies the intricacy and singularity of Sign Libra's music.
The nine song album explores the "philosophical and mythological nature" of the "seas" of the moon's surface, known collectively as lunar maria. Each track is devoted to a different "liquid expanse."
Part of the proceeds from the album will go to Music Fund, a humanitarian organisation that helps young people in conflict zones and developing countries practice music in suitable conditions.
Sea to Sea follows her 2018 ballet composition, Closer to the Equator, released via Sounds of the Dawn / Antinote.
Watch the video and check out the tracklisting below.
1. Sea of Fecundity
2. Sea of Islands
3. Sea of Waves
4. Sea of Serenity
5. Sea of Vapours
6. Sea of Nectar
7. Sea of Cleverness
8. Sea of Tranquility
9. Sea of Knowledge


text:
Asset Insight announced its new eValues™ web-based system that allows users to instantly obtain their aircraft's Current Market Value and estimated Residual Value, compare their aircraft's marketability against other aircraft listed for sale, and predict future maintenance expense, with all information updated daily. The only such tool available in the industry today, eValues also allows users to track data for one or more aircraft, an entire fleet or portfolio, and compare current and forward-looking information for selected aircraft side-by-side.
The eValues tool analyzes every production year for most modern make and model Business Class aircraft. Subscribers can access analytics based on preloaded aircraft information by simply entering a serial number, and they may also update existing data and assumptions for any aircraft. The system provides valuation and other information in graph and table formats for current, residual, orderly liquidation value, maintenance events, and more, advising where the aircraft stands today and during the next five years. Aircraft can be analyzed and compared side-by-side for buy and sell decisions, and groups of aircraft can be saved and tracked individually and, on a fleet, or portfolio basis.
The company says the eValues tool is the only automated, web-based system that can forecast Residual Values, maintenance events and their cost, aircraft marketability, and other useful planning and decision-making information.
Users can access eValues online from their computer or mobile device, and subscribers can choose between plans that cover one or all available aircraft. For pricing and subscription information, please visit _URL_, or contact Asset Insight at _PHONE_.


text:
Sometimes while playing your favorite game on Xbox you might encounter certain errors. In most cases these errors are relatively harmless, but some errors can be severe. Users reported Required storage device removed error on their Xbox, and today we're going to show you how to fix it.
Fix Xbox Error "Required storage device removed"
Fix Error Solution #1: Clear system cache
According to users, they managed to fix this error simply by clearing the system cache. Your cache can sometimes become corrupted and that can lead to this and many other errors. You can fix this error easily by following these steps:
- On the Xbox Home screen go to System.
- Select Storage.
- Select any device and press the Y button on your controller.
- Select Clear System Cache option.
- After clearing the cache, restart your console and check if the problem is resolved.
Fix Error Solution #2: Format your hard drive
Users reported that clearing the cache doesn't always fix the issue, therefore you might want to try formatting your Xbox hard drive. Keep in mind that formatting your hard drive will delete all files from your drive, therefore be sure to back up all important files. To format your hard drive, do the following:
- Start your Xbox without a disc in its tray.
- Go to Settings > System.
- Select the Storage option.
- List of all storage devices will appear. Highlight your hard drive and press the Y button on the controller.
- Select the Format option.
- You should see the confirmation message on the screen.
- Choose Yes to start the formatting process. During this step you might be asked to insert the console's serial number, so be sure to do that. You can find the serial number of your console on its back side.
Fix Error Solution #3: Use an 8GB USB flash drive or larger
Users reported this issue while using a 4GB USB flash drive with their Xbox. To fix this problem you just need to replace the 4GB flash drive with an 8GB drive or larger. After doing that, format the 8GB flash drive by following the steps from Fix Error Solution 2. Once your USB drive is formatted, the issue should be resolved.


text:
Buffer Sizing in 802.11 Wireless Mesh Networks
The authors analyze the problem of buffer sizing for TCP flows in 802.11-based Wireless Mesh Networks. Their objective is to maintain high network utilization while providing low queueing delays. The problem is complicated by the time-varying capacity of the wireless channel as well as the random access mechanism of 802.11 MAC protocol. While arbitrarily large buffers can maintain high network utilization, this results in large queueing delays. Such delays may affect TCP stability characteristics, and also increase queueing delays for other flows (including real-time flows) sharing the buffer.


石葦
Pyrrosia leaf (Shiwei)
Pharmaceutical Name: Folium Pyrrosiae
Botanical Name: 1. Pyrrosia shearei (Bak.) Ching. 2. Pyrrosia petiolosa (Christ) Ching. 3. P. Lingua (Thunb.) Farwell
Common Name: Pyrrosia leaf
Source of Earliest Record: Shennong Bencao Jing
Part Used: The leaves are gathered all year round. They are cleaned, dried in the sun and cut into small pieces.
Natural Properties & Taste: Bitter or sweet and slightly cold
Meridians: Lung and urinary bladder
Therapeutic Effects:
To promote water metabolism and regulate abnormal urination.
Indications & Combinations : Damp-heat in the urinary bladder manifested as dysuria, painful urination, hot urine, urinary tract stones, blood in the urine, turbid urine, urgency of micturition and frequent urination. Pyrrosia leaf (Shiwei) is used with Talc (Huashi), Lygodium spores (Haijinsha) and Plantain seed (Cheqianzi).
Dosage: 5-10 g


Chemical Crystallography
+ Frequently Asked Questions
+ Crystals Primer
+ Crystals User Guide
+ Crystals Manual
- Cameron Manual
1. Introduction
2. How To Get Started
3. Data Input
4. Outputting Data
5. Editing The Atom List
6. Obeying Files
7. Graphical Output Devices
8. View Direction Control
9. Include And Exclude
10. Drawing Style Control
11. Connectivity Control
12. Control Of Colour
13. Atom Labelling
14. Other Picture Controlling Commands
15. Symmetry Input
16. Crystal Packing Commands
17. Add And Move - Further Symmetry Related Commands
18. Distance And Angle Calculations
19. Information On Data Held Within The Program
20. Group Definitions
21. Miscellaneous Commands
22. How To Stop The Program
23. Menu Definition File
24. Some Useful Ideas
+ Index
Fri Jun 2 2000
Cameron Manual
Chapter 13: Atom Labelling
The LABEL and NOLABEL commands control the atom labelling. They are set up in an identical way to INCLUDE and EXCLUDE and the syntax is identical :-
are all valid. Note that atoms will not be labelled if they are not included in the picture.
All atoms will be labelled if the LABEL command has been used for them. The label positions can be altered using the mouse if required. Note that label positions are recalculated if atoms are included or excluded or a change in the view direction has occurred. Therefore, it is advisable that the 'final' view is obtained before labels are positioned with the mouse.
Mouse labelling is controlled as follows. The user clicks on a position on the screen (once the message Mouse Labelling activated has been seen). If this position is over a label then the label is replaced by a box of the same size as the label. A red cross is drawn over the atom that the label refers to to aid identification. The mouse is then used to position the TOP LEFT HAND CORNER of the label by a second click. Alternatively, hitting the N key (for Nolabel) will remove the label altogether.
If the mouse is clicked on an atom which is NOT labelled then a label will appear at the atom centre, this label can then be moved as described above.
If at any time the user wishes to view the current picture without releasing the mouse, this can be done by hitting the 'V' key.
These commands relate to the pack number display while labelling. Atoms are assigned a pack number after PACK or ENCLOSURE. This number is then displayed as eg N1_5. These numbers are used to refer to atoms and elements as required. INITIAL (the default) will just display N1 which GENERATED shows N1_5.
CELL Controls the cell labelling.
FRAGMENT Allows the user to set labels for a given fragment.
This sets the point size of the font to be used in hardcopy output. It requires one argument.
DEFAULT This resets the point size to its default value of 12.
POSITION This allows the user to annotate a picture. The syntax is
TEXT "text string" POSITION x y
the text must be in quotes if it includes spaces. x and y are the position of the text in percentages from the top left hand corner of the diagram. After the text is processed it is assigned a number.
NUMBER The NUMBER command can be used to move a text item after it has been created by using TEXT NUMBER n POSITION x y.