text:
How to take care of your crane
Maintaining your crane is well worth the effort. Here are three ways to enhance the safety and efficiency of your overhead crane for years to come:
By Claudio Urdampilleta, Technical Trainer, Konecranes Training Institute
1. Implement a customized maintenance plan
First and foremost, companies should employ a maintenance plan that meets their unique needs and circumstances. At Konecranes, our approach to maintenance is Lifecycle Care. This is a systematic, consistent, comprehensive and professional approach to crane maintenance that aims to provide the Highest Lifecycle Value for the customer.
2. Invest in upgrades
Equipping your crane with the latest technology helps it run more smoothly, endure stress and last longer. For example, Variable Frequency Drive (VFD) technology enables programming and control of electric motors via electronic displays. VFD not only improves operator safety, maximizes crane reliability and saves energy costs, but it also drastically minimizes mechanical stress on components.
If your crane consistently suffers from wear and tear, it may be time to implement upgrades. Konecranes expert engineers are well equipped to help customers decide which modernizations are best suited to their needs.
3. Emphasize training
Crane inspectors, maintenance personnel and operators can work safely once they've developed knowledge and expertise. Because of this, comprehensive employee training is an essential component of any crane care plan.
Inspectors and maintenance personnel should be educated on full the range of equipment they're using and have a firm grasp of the inspection process. Crane operators should also master principles of proper safety crane usage, because misuse commonly causes equipment damage and preventable accidents.


text: Based on the panel data of 28 provinces (cities and autonomous regions) from 1997 to 2018, the regional differences of farmers' income have been analyzed by using Gini coefficient, Theil index and MLD. By using Shapley value decomposition method, the factors affecting the regional differences of farmers' income under the distortion of factor market have been decomposed and the contribution degrees of them have been measured. The study has shown that the regional difference of farmers' income is increasing year by year. Although fluctuating, the overall value tends to reach the warning line of international income gap. The distortion of factor market in different regions has a significant negative impact on the growth of farmers' income. The rural human capital, the scale of rural financial development, the openness of agricultural trade, the level of agricultural scale management, the level of regional industrialization and the adjustment of agricultural related policies have a significant positive impact on the growth of farmers' income. The distortion of factor market is the first factor that causes the expansion of regional differences in farmers' income, and the adjustment of agricultural related policies is the only factor that reduces the regional differences in farmers' income, while the other factors have expanded the regional differences in farmers' income to a certain extent.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


Will Chickens Die Without a Heat Lamp
Will Chickens Die Without a Heat Lamp? (Ideal Temperatures Explained)
Generally speaking, adult chickens are incredibly hardy and well-prepared to survive in sub-zero temperatures without the need for heat. Baby chicks, on the other hand, are fragile when born and usually require a heat lamp for the first few weeks.
Whether or not you'll need a heat lamp for your chicks depends on how consistently you can keep the temperature within the ideal range for them. It typically makes raising chicks a lot easier for those first few weeks in most cases.
Should You Use a Heat Lamp in a Chicken Coop?
If you browse Amazon you'll see all kinds of heat lamps and heaters designed for chicken coops to help keep your chooks nice and warm.
Personally, I've never known someone to use a heater in their coop. I've known people that have raised chickens in some pretty cold places, too, like Alaska and northern Canada.
Whenever the topic of heating a coop comes up within the backyard chicken community, there are always raised eyebrows due to the potential risks.
Assuming you're going to have the heater on overnight, there is always the risk of an electrical fault or something else causing a fire while you're sleeping.
I'm not suggesting any of these products are anything less than safe! I'm just repeating what I hear when I speak with other chicken owners.
Chickens (most breeds) are well equipped to deal with sub-zero temperatures. Their plumage traps air in between their feathers, and they will cozy up together when roosting to stay warm.
There is rarely the need to insulate a coop at all, let alone heat it.
The key things that you should always keep in mind in regards to keeping your chickens warm enough are moisture and wind chill. Those are the two things that will lower that core temperature to dangerous levels.
Coops need good ventilation to remove the ammonia and keep fresh air flowing through. But your chicken's roosting bar, nesting boxes, and some other areas should be free from wind blowing through.
If your chickens get wet during the day, you shouldn't leave them all soggy in a cold coop. Just think how you'd feel!
RelatedCan chickens really drown in the rain?
Do Chicks Need a Heat Lamp?
Chicks need to be kept warm when they first hatch. They don't have any feathers yet and aren't able to regulate their own temperature at a safe level.
In the wild, this would be mother hen's job. She will have sat on those eggs for around 21 days to hatch them and will continue to allow her baby chicks to bury themselves in her plumage to keep warm.
When hatching chicks at home, however, you'll use an incubator to mimic those 21 days. Incubators keep eggs within the optimal temperature range of 35 to 40.5°C (84.5 – 104.9°F).
When chicks hatch, they can be moved into a brooder. A brooder is essentially a safe place where baby chicks can be kept warm, fed, and looked after.
Most brooders either come with a lamp, or it's recommended you use one. This is because you need to keep the temperature between 35 to 37.8°C (95 – 100°F) for the first couple of weeks of baby chicks' lives.
You can then start to lower the temperature by 5 degrees a week for around 6 weeks until you've lowered the temperature to around 80-75 degrees.
By then, chicks are usually ready to survive the outdoors. It depends on how developed their feathers are and what the weather is like. Different breeds will be fully feathered at different ages, always act on the side of caution.
Here's an overview of the recommended temperature ranges to keep baby chicks at:
Age of Chick (weeks)Temperature (F)
So, the answer as to whether or not you need a heat lamp for chicks is whether or not you can keep them at or around those temperatures.
There are other ways you can provide warmth. I've heard of people using hot water bottles and keeping a brooder in a warm place and their chicks grew up just fine.
However, if you're new to raising chicks, using a heat lamp is by far the easiest way to ensure they're going to be kept nice and warm around the clock.
RelatedWondering if you can hatch supermarket eggs? Read this!
What Temperature Is Too Cold for Chickens?
This is also a tough question to answer with a one-size-fits-all answer, because, again it depends on what breed of chicken we're talking about.
Some chickens are much more equipped to deal with cold temperatures than others. As you can probably guess, generally speaking, bigger hens with a thicker plumage are considered more cold-weather hardy.
This would include breeds like the Brahma, Wyandotte, Sussex, and Cochin. All large, well-feathered birds with plenty of insulation.
You do have to be mindful of frostbite though. Chicken's combs, in particular, are prone to frostbite in extreme conditions. The first sign of frostbite is usually blackening at the tips of the comb.
On the other hand, small chickens like bantams, and some breeds like the Polish, Old Game Fowl, and Fayoumi are not cold weather chickens.
They are lacking the body mass and thick coats to deal with sub-zero temperatures!
RelatedRead more about chicks and what temperatures they need here.
In Summary
If you've been worried about your chickens freezing out there in the cold while you're tucked up all nice and warm in your bed, hopefully, I've reassured you that they'll be just fine.
Using heat lamps for baby chicks to ensure they're warm during their first few weeks it's important. After that, most chickens are fine to be outside in all temperatures and weather conditions and will do just fine.
As long as you're keeping all their basic needs met; adequate housing, plenty of food, and fresh drinking water, you'll be pleasantly surprised how hardy chickens are.
Image credits – Header photo by Sarah Halliday on Unsplash


Fix: Keyboard Not Working In Windows 10 & 11
If your keyboard suddenly stops working, we got you covered. We'll explain the causes and fixes to this common issue in Windows 10 and Windows 11.
Although possible, using your PC without a keyboard is difficult to imagine. From communicating to using shortcuts for better workflow, we're so used to our keyboards that once an issue arises it's both worrying and alarming.
Unfortunately, there are circumstances when the user loses access to their keyboard, whether this is due to a software glitch or hardware malfunction.
This guide covers everything you need to know and do when dealing with such an issue, so without further ado, let's get right into it.
Table of ContentsShow
Preliminary Fixes / Basic Troubleshooting
Fix or Troubleshoot
Before getting into the more complex fixes, we recommend trying these basic troubleshooting steps, as they can fix the problem without taking much of your time.
Unplug The Keyboard And Plug It In A Different Port
Maybe the issue is caused by a loose connection due to a damaged port. Trying a different port will rule that out.
Check if the connection is secure. Possibly, when the keyboard was relocated, the connection became loose at some moment.
Also, sometimes unplugging and plugging back a device miraculously solves the problem, and this is the oldest "step one" trick in the world of electronics.
Check The Input Method
Often users believe their keyboard is not working because it types different characters than the ones they wish to see when pressing the buttons. However, this can be a simple issue of not having the correct input method selected.
Pressing Windows + Space on your keyboard may immediately fix it as you'll be able to switch to your preferred method or language.
Windows Keyboard Language Settings
Also, not every software or website allows users to type in characters in a language other than English. So, if you have your input set to a local language, for example, you may be unable to type, but that's not because your keyboard doesn't work.
Test The Keyboard In A Different PC
The best and quickest way to find out whether your PC is the problem is by testing the keyboard on a different computer.
If you have a different laptop or a desktop computer somewhere in your home, plug the keyboard in and see if it works on that device. If it doesn't, it likely is a hardware failure, in which case there isn't much to do besides fixing it or acquiring a new one.
Restart Your Computer
Sometimes, specific components of your Windows operating system may fail to properly start up. Also, drivers could fail to load, and apps can crash while using your PC.
Restarting your system can potentially fix the issue as it allows the computer to load all necessary components and drivers anew.
Check The Battery / Power Settings Of Your Keyboard
Bluetooth connection keyboards have a power button to shut the device down and preserve the battery when you're not using it. However, it's easy to forget about it and end up with an empty battery.
Before concluding that your keyboard doesn't work, check if the power button is on and the battery is not dead.
If these don't help, you can resort to the more in-depth methods listed in the sections below.
Temporary Solution – Use The On-Screen Keyboard (OSK) Feature
To be able to follow instructions and apply fixes, you'll have to enable an on-screen keyboard. Luckily, this is easy to do and requires just a few clicks with your mouse.
Here's how to enable an on-screen keyboard on Windows:
 1. Right-click the Windows icon in the bottom-left corner of your screen (on the taskbar), then click on Settings.
 Windows Taskbar Settings
 2. Click on Ease of Access.
 Windows Ease of Access
 3. Scroll down the left sidebar menu and click on Keyboard. Enable the "Use the On-Screen Keyboard" setting by "toggling" the switch button, as shown in the image below.
 Windows Keyboard
Now you can use your mouse to click the keyboard buttons on your screen and use your computer just as if you had a working keyboard plugged in.
Windows On screen Keyboard
Fix 1: Disable Gaming Mode On Your Keyboard
Gaming
If half of your keyboard's buttons aren't functioning, it may be because you have gaming mode enabled.
Gaming mode is a feature that most gaming peripherals manufacturers build into their products. When you have it enabled, buttons such as the Windows, Home, the entire F-section of buttons, and others, won't work when you press them.
The goal is to avoid gameplay interruptions by accidentally pressing a button that could take you out of the game or minimize the window.
Enabling or disabling game mode is different on each keyboard. Some use the FN + F12 or FN + F10 key combinations, but that may not be the one that works for your specific model. The best advice is to search online for instructions about the specific model you're using.
Fix 2: Disable The Windows Filter Keys Feature
Disable
Windows has a built-in feature called "Filter Keys" that prevents repeated keystrokes from being registered. This can help prevent typos and other mistakes while using a keyboard with sensitive buttons.
Although it's a good feature and used by some users in specific situations, there have been multiple reports about it causing a bug that makes the keyboard stop working.
We suggest turning off this function, for now, to check if it resolves the issue you are currently experiencing.
Here's how to disable Filter Keys on Windows:
 1. Press Windows + S to open the search box feature.
 2. Type Use Filter Keys and click on the first result that shows on the list.
 Windows Use Filter Keys
 Windows Use Filter Keys
 3. Disable the Filter Keys feature by "toggling" the switch button off, as shown in the image below.
 Windows Filter Keys Off
We recommend restarting your computer after this change. Hopefully, the problem will now be fixed.
Fix 3: Update Your Keyboard Drivers
Update
Dishonest or obsolete drivers can cause hardware peripherals to stop working. You guarantee your drivers are up to date by using the Windows Device Manager panel.
Here's how to do that:
 1. Press Windows + R to open the Windows Run function.
 2. Type in devmgmt.msc and press Enter to initiate the command.
 Windows devmgmt.msc
 3. Expand the Keyboards section. Find your device on the list, right-click it, and choose Update Driver. Click on the first option, which is Search automatically for drivers.
 4. Wait for the process to complete, then restart your computer.
This method worked for many users, and it should help you overcome the problem as well.
Fix 4: Disable Fast Startup
Startup or Turn On
The Windows Fast Startup feature is useful when you need your computer to boot up as quickly as possible. However, here's why it can sometimes be a problem.
"Fast Startup" makes your computer disregard anything that isn't considered essential for basic functionality, so it can start much quicker without automatically loading some drivers, programs, and features.
However, if your keyboard requires a specific program or a driver to function and your computer doesn't load them, you can start experiencing keyboard problems.
We recommend disabling Fast Startup if your device isn't responding as it should.
Here's how to do that:
 1. Press Windows + R to open the Windows Run feature. Type Control Panel, then press Enter.
 Windows + R Control Panel
 2. Set the view mode to Category in the top-right corner.
 Windows Control Panel Category
 3. Click Hardware and Sound.
 Windows Hardware and Sound
 4. Under Power Options, click Choose what the power buttons do.
 5. "Untick" the box next to the "Turn on fast start-up (recommended) option.
Now restart your computer and see if the keyboard works. It should, as disabling Fast Startup is a method that worked for many users.
Conclusion
Hopefully, this covers everything you need to know about troubleshooting keyboard issues on Windows 10.
Applying the methods in this guide should help you overcome the problem if there isn't a hardware malfunction.
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Bojan Veselinovikj
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Bojan is a video-game developer and a tech enthusiast. Combining these two passions allow him to keep you informed on everything that's new in this fast-paced digital world.


text: This article is a theoretical examination of tactility in the Czech surrealist filmmaker Jan Švankmajer's film Down to the Cellar (1983). Švankmajer's deployment of tactile images in a surrealist context shows the need for a discussion of the imagination's role in the embodied film experience. Departing from Laura Marks's The Skin of the Film, this article seeks to explore the surrealist embodied imagination through surrealist poetics of analogy, as defined by Andre' Breton, and the link between these and Walter Benjamin's writings on mimesis. Finally, the film is viewed from the perspective of Gaston Bachelard's ideas of ''the imagination of matter,'' where matter is seen as a highly potent stimulant for the imagination. Bachelard's notion of the imagination's multisensory properties further lends credence to Švankmajer's aims to liberate the imagination of the spectator through images that invoke touch.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Due to Covid-19 restrictions, venues and exhibitions are closed until further notice. We recommend checking with the venues' own websites for up-to-date information. The award winning Museum of Hartlepool tells the fascinating story of the development of Hartlepool from 3000 B.C. Redisplayed in 2008 it includes an important and diverse collection of objects that reflect the history of the Hartlepool district. The displays represent important parts of Hartlepool history such as the Medieval town, ship building and the First World War Bombardment of the Hartlepools.
The Museum of Hartlepool
Jackson's Dock, Maritime Avenue, Hartlepool, Tees Valley TS24 0XZ England
Please remember to double-check the opening hours with the venue concerned before making a special visit


text:
Researchers at a UK university plan to develop a piezoelectric motor suitable for low-cost mass production by the end of the year.
Cranfield University hopes to commercialise the motor as a smaller, cheaper alternative to conventional electromagnetic motors used in a many everyday devices such as camera zoom lenses and toys.
Piezoelectric motors are based on the deformation that occurs when piezoelectric materials are subjected to an electric field, producing high-speed ultrasonic vibrations. Controlling this effect allows motors to be created with fewer parts than are needed for electromagnetic systems. Piezoelectric devices could offer a host of benefits over existing electromagnetic and electrostatic technologies, according to Cranfield.
The motors need no gears, have low power consumption and hold their position by friction locking when power is off. Rotation can be reversed simply by reversing the electric field, while they also offer good stop/start response and a greater torque-to-weight ratio. While Japan has forged ahead with the development of the technology, Cranfield claimed the UK, and Europe in general, have lagged behind.
The university has been working on new designs for piezoelectric motors for several years, and now plans to develop a working prototype capable of commercial production by the end of the year based on work patented during earlier research.
Professor Roger Whatmore of Cranfield's School of Industrial & Manufacturing Science, said that the motor had been tested for use in mechanical devices in a range of sizes down to nanoscale.
'We've now got to engineer it into a demonstrator and see if we can lay the foundations for building a business.'
Whatmore said the motor could be used in many mass-market consumer electronics applications, ranging from toys and cameras to the vibrating mechanism in mobile phones. 'There are many devices in which you need small, low-cost motors,' he said.
Whatmore said he hoped the motor could be manufactured at a cost 'in the tens of pence'.
The prototype project is backed by a six-month grant from the EPSRC. Cranfield is also engaged in other research relating to piezoelectric technology, including the development of lightweight motors for micro-aircraft.


Form Center
Civilian Complaint Report
 1. Reporting Person
 2. Persons Involved (if other than above)
 3. Witnesses
 4. Name or Description of Employee(s) Involved
 5. Persons Arrested
 6. Racial or Identity Profiling PC 13519.4(e)
 7. Penal Code Section 832.5 Civilian Complaints Against Department Personnel
 You have the right to make a complaint against a police officer for any improper police conduct. California Law requires this agency to have a procedure to investigate civilian's complaints. You have the right to a written description of this procedure. This agency may find after investigation that there is not enough evidence to warrant action on your complaint. Even if that is the case, you have the right to make the complaint and have it investigated if you believe an officer behaved improperly. Civilian complaints and any reports or findings relating to complaints must be retained by the agency for at least five years.
 8. I have read and understand the above statement.*
 9. A word of caution is offered concerning persons knowingly making false complaints about peace officers. Civil Code 47.5 (View note below) allows peace officers to bring civil action against a person filing a false complaint.
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text:
online, and it has a variety of movies related to How To Train Your Dragon genre.
- Amazon Prime: Amazon Prime is another streaming website where you can watch movies related to How To Train Your Dragon genre.
- Hulu: For those who have a Hulu subscription, it's an excellent place to watch movies online as it includes How To Train Your Dragon Genre.
- Disney+: Disney+ is the ultimate destination for all kinds of animated movies; you can find movies that are similar to How To Train Your Dragon and enjoy them with your family.
In case you aren't a subscriber to any of the above mentioned, you can also rent or buy movies like How To Train Your Dragon on platforms like Google Play and iTunes. It's essential to have an idea regarding the streaming sites where you can watch these movies if you want to enjoy them to the fullest.
Apart from the streaming platforms mentioned above, you can also find movies like How To Train Your Dragon on regular cable TV channels. These channels might have a schedule for playing animated movies where you can find some of these movies.
In 2011, a group of doctoral students from the University of Pennsylvania conducted a study and found out that watching movies like How To Train Your Dragon can help enhance children's cognitive and social skills. Hence, it's not just about entertainment, but it also helps children in their development process.
Streaming services are like dragons, there are so many to choose from but only a few will truly captivate you.
People can enjoy movies and TV shows through various digital platforms. There are so many options – from classic films to up-to-date TV shows. These are some of the popular streaming platforms:
- Amazon Prime Video offers exclusive series and well-known movies.
- Netflix has an extensive range of award-winning content, including original movies and series.
- Disney+ has Disney-owned properties such as Marvel Studios, Lucasfilm, and animated classics.
- HBO Max has a huge selection of HBO-created films and TV shows. Plus syndicated programming and new productions.
- Hulu has current-season TV shows, all-time classics, and original productions.
- Apple TV+ has Apple originals programs starring actors like Jason Momoa and Jennifer Anniston.
It's important to note that not all services provide the same content. So viewers must choose the option that suits them best.
DVD and Blu-ray releases
Physical media is the place to be for the newest home entertainment. It's commonly known as "home video" or "video." Here's what you should know:
- New DVD and Blu-ray releases arrive on Tuesdays.
- Walmart, Target, Best Buy and specialty stores such as FYE and Barnes & Noble carry these products.
- Older titles may be cheaper, but only in a used version.
- Blu-ray discs are usually higher quality than DVDs.
- Limited edition or collector's items may have extra features or packaging.
Physical media is a great way to build a movie collection. So keep an eye out for the latest DVD and Blu-ray releases for the newest blockbusters or rare gems.
Movie theaters for upcoming releases
Brand-new flicks have arrived! But the million-dollar question is– where to watch 'em? Knowing the ideal spot can make movie-watching even better. Here are 3 clues to help you find the perfect place:
- Gigantic cinemas usually show the popular blockbusters.
- Theaters specializing in indie and foreign films are out there.
- Museums and galleries often host one-of-a-kind screenings.
P.S: Cinemas may focus on certain genres or topics. Double-check their schedule to make sure you don't miss out on your favorite flick!
Analyzing five movies such as 'How To Train Your Dragon' shows us that animated films can be both inspiring and captivating. They offer thrilling adventures, relatable characters and lessons. Each movie has its own plotline, but they share certain elements like storytelling and character development.
One such movie is 'The Incredibles'. It is about a family of superheroes who each have unique powers. The film deals with the themes of individuality, teamwork, and embracing one's uniqueness. Another great movie is 'Kubo And The Two Strings'. It looks into ancient Japanese folklore and follows the journey of a boy in search of his father's magical armor.
'Howl's Moving Castle' is another must-watch from director Hayao Miyazaki's Studio Ghibli. This magical tale teaches us that appearances can be deceiving when Sophie, an 18-year-old girl, is transformed into an old woman after meeting the powerful wizard Howl. Lastly, 'Ratatouille' follows the story of Remy, a young rat who dreams of becoming a chef and showcases his cooking skills to reach his goal.
Frequently Asked Questions
1. What are some movies similar to "How to Train Your Dragon"?
Some movies similar to "How to Train Your Dragon" include "The Secret Life of Pets," "Kung Fu Panda," "Tangled," "Moana," and "Big Hero 6."
2. What is the storyline of "How to Train Your Dragon?"
"How to Train Your Dragon" is a story about a young Viking named Hiccup who befriends a dragon that he was supposed to kill and ends up learning the true nature of dragons while trying to stop a war between his people and the dragons.
3. Are these movies appropriate for children?
Yes, these movies are generally considered to be appropriate for children, but some parental guidance may be suggested depending on the age of the child.
4. What makes these movies similar to "How to Train Your Dragon"?
These movies share similarities with "How to Train Your Dragon" in terms of a main character finding an unlikely friend, embarking on a journey, and ultimately learning important life lessons.
5. How do these movies differ from "How to Train Your Dragon"?
These movies differ from "How to Train Your Dragon" in terms of the specific plot and characters, but they share similar themes and storytelling techniques.
6. Are there any sequels to "How to Train Your Dragon"?
Yes, "How to Train Your Dragon 2" and "How to Train Your Dragon: The Hidden World" are both sequels to the original movie.


Adam (given name)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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God2-Sistine Chapel.png
Michelangelo's Creation of Adam, from the Sistine Chapel ceiling. The personal name Adam is derivation from Hebrew meaning the ground, from which God created Adam as stated in the Bible
Pronunciation /ˈædəm/
Gender Male
Language(s) Hebrew in Canaan or Mesopotamia; Fertile Crescent
Meaning Comes from the Hebrew word "adama", which means "earth" or "soil"
Other names
See also Adan, Adem
Adam is a common masculine given name.
The personal name Adam derives from the Hebrew noun ha adamah meaning "the ground" or "earth". It is still a Hebrew given name, and its Quranic and Biblical usage has ensured that it is also a common name in all countries which draw on these traditions. It is particularly common in Scotland. In most languages its spelling is the same, although the pronunciation varies somewhat. Adán is the Spanish form of this name.
Adam is also a surname in many countries, although it is not as common in English as its derivative Adams (sometimes spelled Addams). In other languages there are similar surnames derived from Adam, such as Adamo, Adamov, Adamowicz, Adamski etc.
In Arabic, Adam (آدم) means "made from the earth/mud/clay".
People with the given name Adam[edit]
Fictional characters[edit]
See also[edit]


text: The extent of migration of residual magma during final solidification of a cumulate rock is difficult to determine, although various models and hypotheses have been proposed. In this article it is argued that the immiscible sulphide liquid accumulated syngenetically at the level of the Merensky Reef in the Bushveld Complex, and that the sulphide can be used as a tracer to study the migration of residual magma. The sulphide liquid would have had a very high density and low viscosity relative to silicate magma, and so should readily have permeated through its footwall if the latter was still a crystal mush with significant interstitial melt. This study of the chemical composition of the footwall rocks below the Merensky Reef shows that the sulphide liquid was only able to penetrate downward for distances of 1-2 m. It is suggested that if a high-density, low-viscosity sulphide liquid permeated only 1-2 m into its footwall, silicate liquid would have been even more restricted in its migration. The implication is that the footwall to the Merensky Reef had a low permeability by the time that the sulphide liquid in the Merensky Reef formed. Consequently, the concept of widespread, pervasive metasomatism by residual silicate magma is questioned, at least for the Bushveld Complex. In other, smaller intrusions in which crystal accumulation is more rapid, yielding a higher interstitial component, this argument may not be applicable. This study reports on one, thin sequence of rocks, and other studies at other levels in the intrusion would be desirable. The limitation is that an identifiable tracer (in this case a sulphide liquid) is required, which unequivocally monitors the process.


text:
The universal NanoPhotometer™ combines measurements of submicroliter sample volumes and standard sample volumes and provides high accuracy, robustness, and reliable and precise results. The main advantage of the system are simple sample handling for very low and standard volumes as well as high throughput rates due to very short measuring times. Based on the available methods for single- and multiple-wavelength and concentration measurements, full spectrum scans, standard curve determinations, as well as ratio calculations and even kinetics, users can create all types of customized applications for their individual needs. Another important application of the NanoPhotometer is the quantitative and qualitative analysis of fluorescent dye labeled samples. The NanoPhotometer will serve as a powerful tool in genomic or proteomic laboratories engaged in nucleic acid and protein-based research, microarray analysis, and the analysis of bacterial cell cultures.
|Number of pages
|Published - Nov 2007


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Stem ginger paste and ground ginger combine to give these cookies a deliciously aromatic warmth. They are produced using artisan methods and organic produce in the Doves Farm Wiltshire bakery, where everything that goes into the mixing bowl is on the ingredient list. The palm oil is responsibly sourced from sustainable farms which work to protect the eco system.
Doves Farm do not use genetically modified ingredients, controversial additives or hydrogenated fat.
Gluten Free Flour Blend*(Brown Rice*, Potato*, Maize*),Sugar 21%*F , Palm Oil*,Ginger Paste (Ginger 39%*, Sugar Syrup*), Ground Ginger 1%*F, Raising Agent (Sodium Bicarbonate). * Denotes Organic. F Denotes Fairtrade. FT ingredients 21%.
Per 100g: Energy: 1907 kJ / 453 kCal, Protein: 3.5g, Carbohydrate: 73.5g, of which sugars: 6.9g, Fat: 15.7g, of which saturates: 6.9g, Fibre: 1.2g, Sodium: 0.2g, Salt: 0.58g.


, but to the type! This is sometimes confusing, because one usually uses the same name for the rules and the types. That is if we had named the type for events differently like in the following the cross references needs to be adapted as well:
Transition :
 event=[MyEvent] '=>' state=[State];
Event returns MyEvent :....;
Looking at the syntax definition of cross references, there is an optional part starting with a vertical bar followed by 'CrossReferenceableTerminal'. This is the part describing the concrete text, from which the crosslink later should be established. By default (that's why it's optional) it is "|ID".
Have a look at the linking section in order to understand how linking is done.
By default the object to be returned by parser rule is created lazily on the first assignment. Then the type of the EObject to be created is determined from the specified return type (or the rule name if not explicit return type is specified). With Actions however, creation of EObject can be made explicit. We have two kinds of Actions:
If at some point you want to enforce creation of a specific type you can use simple actions. Example :
MyRule returns TypeA :
 "A" name=ID |
 {TypeB} "B" name=ID;
In this example TypeB must be a subtype of TypeA. If an expression " A foo " is parsed an instance of TypeA is created as soon as the assignment is evaluated. An expression "B foo" would result in creation of TypeB.
Unassigned rule calls
We previously explained, that the EObject to be returned is created lazily when the first assignment occurs or when a simple action is evaluated. There is another way one can set the EObject to be returned, which we call an "unassigned rule call".
Unassigned rule calls (the name suggests it) are rule calls to other parser rules, which are not used within an assignment. If there is no feature the returned value shall be assigned to, the value is assigned to the "to-be-returned" reference.
With unassigned rule calls one can, for instance, create rules which just dispatch between several other rules:
AbstractToken :
 TokenA |
 TokenB |
As AbstractToken could possibly return an instance of TokenA, TokenB or TokenC its type must by a super type to these types. It is now for instance as well possible to further change the state of the AST element by assigning additional things. Example:
AbstractToken :
 (TokenA |
 TokenB |
 TokenC ) (cardinality=('?'|'+'|'*'))?;
Thus, to state the cardinality is optional (last question mark) and can be represented by a question mark, a plus, or an asterisk.
Actions revisited
LL parsing has some significant advantages over LR algorithms. The most important ones for Xtext are, that the generated code is much simpler to understand and debug and that it is easier to recover from errors and especially Antlr has a very nice generic error recovery mechanism. This allows to have AST constructed even if there are syntactic errors in the text. You wouldn't get any of the nice IDE features as soon as there is one little error, if we hadn't error recovery.
However, LL also has some drawbacks. The most important is, that it does not allow left recursive grammars. For instance, the following is not allowed in LL based grammars, because "Expression '+' Expression" is left recursive:
Expression :
 Expression '+' Expression |
 '(' Expression ')'
Instead one has to rewrite such things by "left-factoring" it:
 Expression :
 TerminalExpression ('+' TerminalExpression)?;
 TerminalExpression :
 '(' Expression ')' |
In practice this is always the same pattern and therefore not problematic. However, by simply applying Xtext's AST construction we know so far like so...
 Expression :
 {Operation} left=TerminalExpression (op='+' right=TerminalExpression)?;
 TerminalExpression returns Expression:
 '(' Expression ')' |
 {IntLiteral} value=INT;
... one would get unwanted elements in the resulting AST. For instance the expression " ( 42 ) " would result in a tree like this:
Operation {
 left=Operation {
 left=IntLiteral {
Typically one would only want to have one instance of IntLiteral.
One can solve this problem using a combination of unassigned rule calls and actions:
 Expression :
 TerminalExpression ({Operation.left=current} op='+' right=TerminalExpression)?;
 TerminalExpression returns Expression:
 '(' Expression ')' |
 {IntLiteral} value=INT;
Hidden terminal symbols
Because parser rules describe not a single token, but a sequence of patterns in the input, it is necessary to define the interesting parts of the input. Xtext introduces the concept of hidden tokens to handle the "noise" like whitespaces, comments etc. in the input sequence gracefully. It is possible to define a set of terminal symbols, that are hidden from the parser rules and automatically skipped when they are recognized. Nevertheless, they are transparently woven into the node model, but not relevant for the semantic model.
Hidden terminals may (or may not) appear between any other terminals in any cardinality. They can be described per rule or for the whole grammar. The grammar org.eclipse.xtext.common.Terminals comes with a reasonable default and hides all comments and whitespace from the parser rules.
If a rule defines hidden symbols, you can think of a kind of scope that is automatically introduced. Any rule that is called from the declaring rule uses the same hidden terminals as the calling rule, unless it defines other hidden tokens itself.
Person hidden(WS, ML_COMMENT, SL_COMMENT):
 name=fullname age=INT ';';
 (firstname=ID)? lastname=ID;
The sample rule "Person" defines multiple-line comments (ML_COMMENT), single-line comments (SL_COMMENT), and whitespaces (WS) to be allowed between the fullname and the age. Because "Fullname" does not introduce another set of hidden terminals, it allows the same symbols to appear between 'firstname' and 'lastname' as the calling rule "person." Thus, the following input is perfectly valid for the given grammar snippet:
John /* comment */ Smith // line comment
 /* comment */
 42 ;
To see a list of all default terminals like WS look up Language Inheritance.
Meta-Model inference
The meta model of a textual language describes the structure of its abstract syntax trees (AST).
Xtext uses Ecore EPackages to define meta models. Meta models are declared to be either inferred (generated) from the grammar or imported. By using the 'generate' directive, one tells Xtext to derive an EPackage from the grammar. All elements/types can occur multiple times, but are generated only once.
Type and Package Generation
Xtext creates
an EPackage
 - for each generated package declaration. After the directive generate a list of parameters follows. The name of the EPackage will be set to the first parameter, its nsURI to the second parameter. An optional alias as the third parameter allows to distinguish generated EPackages later. Only one generated package declaration without an alias is allowed per grammar. The aliases have to be unique among every generated EPackage.
an EClass
 - for each return type of a parser rule. If a parser rule does not define a return type, an implicit one with the same name is assumed. You can specify more than one rule that return the same type but only one EClass will be generated.
 - for each type defined in an action or a cross-reference.
an EEnum
 - for each return type of an enum rule.
an EDatatype
 - for each return type of a terminal rule or a datatype rule.
All EClasses, EEnums and EDatatypes are added to the EPackage referred to by the alias provided in the type reference they were created from.
Feature and Type Hierarchy Generation
While walking through the grammar, the algorithm keeps track of a set of the currently possible return types to add features to.
 - Entering a parser rule the set contains only the return type of the rule.
 - Entering a group in an alternative the set is reset to the same state it was in when entering the first group of this alternative.
 - Leaving an alternative the set contains the union of all types at the end of each of its groups.
 - After an optional element, the set is reset to the same state it was before entering it.
 - After a mandatory (non-optional) rule call or mandatory action the set contains only the return type of the called rule or action.
 - An optional rule call does not modify the set.
 - A rule call is optional, if its cardinality is '?' or '*'.
While iterating the parser rules Xtext creates
an EAttribute in each current return type
 - of type EBoolean for each feature assignment using the '?=' operator. No further EReferences or EAttributes will be generated from this assignment.
 - for each assignment with the '=' or '+=' operator calling a terminal rule. Its type will be the return type of the called rule.
an EReference in each current return type
 - for each assignment with the '=' or '+=' operator in a parser rule calling a parser rule. The EReference type will be the return type of the called parser rule.
 - for each action. The reference's type will be set to the return type of the current calling rule.
Each EAttribute or EReference takes its name from the assignment/action that caused it. Multiplicities will be 0...1 for assignments with the '=' operator and 0...* for assignments with the '+=' operator.
Furthermore, each type that is added to


text:
Music Lessons for Kids, Teens, & Adults
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About The Space
Yamaha Music School of Spanish Fork offers large, open classrooms with state-of-the-art learning technology to enhance your music lessons. We also offer practice rooms that inspire focus and creativity, as well as a beautiful recital space to share your gifts and progress.
You will work one-on-one or in groups with experienced local music teacher using world-class Yamaha curriculum to give you the techniques and understanding to play the music you love.
Ask about our free weekly Open Learning Hour and Friday Night Jam Sessions for all ages and any instruments!


.0 146.4
This question is essentially asking if the following reaction is spontaneous at room temperature.
\[NH_4NO_{3(s)} \overset{H_2O} \longrightarrow NH_{4(aq)}^+ + NO_{3(aq)}^-\]
This would normally only require calculating \(\Delta{G^o}\) and evaluating its sign. However, the \(\Delta{G^o}\) values are not tabulated, so they must be calculated manually from calculated \(\Delta{H^o}\) and \(\Delta{S^o}\) values for the reaction.
 - Calculate \(\Delta{H^o}\):
\[ \Delta H^o = \sum n\Delta H^o_{f_{products}} - \sum m\Delta H^o_{f_{reactants}} \]
\[ \Delta H^o= \left[ \left( 1\; mol\; NH_3\right)\left(-132.51\;\dfrac{kJ}{mol} \right) + \left( 1\; mol\; NO_3^- \right) \left(-205.0\;\dfrac{kJ}{mol}\right) \right] \]
\[- \left[ \left(1\; mol\; NH_4NO_3 \right)\left(-365.56 \;\dfrac{kJ}{mol}\right) \right]\]
\[ \Delta H^o = -337.51 \;kJ + 365.56 \; kJ= 28.05 \;kJ\]
 - Calculate \(\Delta{S^o}\):
\[ \Delta S^o = \sum n\Delta S^o_{f_{products}} - \sum S\Delta H^o_{f_{reactants}} \]
\[ \Delta S^o= \left[ \left( 1\; mol\; NH_3\right)\left(113.4 \;\dfrac{J}{mol\;K} \right) + \left( 1\; mol\; NO_3^- \right) \left(146.6\;\dfrac{J}{mol\;K}\right) \right] \]
\[- \left[ \left(1\; mol\; NH_4NO_3 \right)\left(151.08 \;\dfrac{J}{mol\;K}\right) \right]\]
\[ \Delta S^o = 259.8 \;J/K - 151.08 \; J/K= 108.7 \;J/K\]
 - Calculate \(\Delta{G^o}\):
These values can be substituted into the free energy equation
\[T_K = 25\;^oC + 273.15K = 298.15\;K\]
\[\Delta{S^o} = 108.7\; \cancel{J}/K \left(\dfrac{1\; kJ}{1000\;\cancel{J}} \right) = 0.1087 \; kJ/K\]
\[\Delta{H^o} = 28.05\;kJ\]
Plug in \(\Delta H^o\), \(\Delta S^o\) and \(T\) into Equation 1.7
\[\Delta G^o = \Delta H^o + T \Delta S^o\]
\[\Delta G^o = 28.05\;kJ - (298.15\; \cancel{K})(0.1087\;kJ/ \cancel{K})\]
\[\Delta G^o= 28.05\;kJ - 32.41\; kJ\]
\[\Delta G^o = -4.4 \;kJ\]
This reaction is spontaneous at room temperature since \(\Delta G^o\) is negative. Therefore \(NH_4NO_{3(s)}\) will dissolve in water at room temperature.
Example 1.3
Calculate \(\Delta{G}\) for the following reaction at \(25\; ^oC\). Will the reaction occur spontaneously?
\[NH_{3(g)} + HCl_{(g)} \rightarrow NH_4Cl_{(s)}\]
given for the reaction
 - \(\Delta{H} = -176.0 \;kJ\)
 - \(\Delta{S} = -284.8\;J/K\)
calculate \(\Delta{G}\) from the formula
but first we need to convert the units for \(\Delta{S}\) into kJ/K (or convert \(\Delta{H}\) into J) and temperature into Kelvin
 - \(\Delta{S} = -284.8 \cancel{J}/K \left( \dfrac{1\, kJ}{1000\; \cancel{J}}\right) = -0.284.8\; kJ/K\)
 - \(T=273.15\; K + 25\; ^oC = 298\;K\)
The definition of Gibbs energy can then be used directly
\[\Delta{G} = -176.0 \;kJ - (298 \cancel{K}) (-0.284.8\; kJ/\cancel{K}) \]
\[\Delta{G} = -176.0 \;kJ - (-84.9\; kJ) \]
\[\Delta{G} = -91.1 \;kJ \]
Yes, this reaction is spontaneous at room temperature since \(\Delta{G}\) is negative.
Gibbs Energy in Equilibria
Let's consider the following reversible reaction:
\[ A + B \leftrightharpoons C + D \tag{1.9}\]
The following equation relates the standard-state free energy of reaction with the free energy at any point in a given reaction (not necessarily at standard-state conditions):
\[ \Delta G = \Delta G^o + RT \ln Q \tag{1.10}\]
 - \(\Delta G\) = free energy at any moment
 - \(\Delta G^o\) = standard-state free energy
 - R is the ideal gas constant = 8.314 J/mol-K
 - T is the absolute temperature (Kelvin)
 - \(\ln Q\) is natural logarithm of the reaction quotient
At equilibrium, ΔG = 0 and Q=K. Thus the equation can be arranged into:
\[\Delta{G} = \Delta{G}^o + RT \ln \dfrac{[C][D]}{[A][B]} \tag{1.11}\]
 - \(\Delta{G}^o\) = standard free energy change
 - \(R\) = gas constant = 1.98 * 10-3 kcal mol-1 deg-10
 - \(T\) = is usually room temperature = 298 K
 - \(K = \dfrac{[C][D]}{[A][B]}\)
The Gibbs free energy \(\Delta{G}\) depends primarily on the reactants' nature and concentrations (expressed in the \(\Delta{G}^o\) term and the logarithmic term of Equation 1.11, respectively).
At equilibrium, \(\Delta{G} = 0\): no driving force remains
\[0 = \Delta{G}^{o'} + RT \ln \dfrac{[C][D]}{[A][B]} \tag{1.12}\]
\[\Delta{G}^{o} = -RT \ln\dfrac{[C][D]}{[A][B]} \tag{1.13}\]
The equilibrium constant is defined as
\[K_{eq} = \dfrac{[C][D]}{[A][B]} \tag{1.14}\]
When \(K_{eq}\) is large, almost all reactants are converted to products. Substituting \(K_{eq}\) into Equation 1.14, we have:
\[\Delta{G}^{o} = -RT \ln K_{eq} \tag{1.15}\]
\[\Delta{G}^{o} = -2.303RT log_{10} K_{eq} \tag{1.16}\]
\[K_{eq} = 10^{-\Delta{G}^{o}/(2.303RT)} \tag{1.17}\]
This equation is particularly interesting as it relates the free energy difference under standard conditions to the properties of a system at equilibrium (which is rarely at standard conditions).
Table 1.1: Converting \(K_{ea}\) to \(\Delta{G}\)
\(K_{eq}\) \(\Delta{G_o}\; (kcal/mole)\)
\(10^{-5}\) 6.82
\(10^{-4}\) 5.46
\(10^{-3}\) 4.09
\(10^{-2}\) 2.73
\(10^{-1}\) 1.36
1 0
\(10^{1}\) -1.36
\(10^{2}\) -2.73
\(10^{3}\) -4.09
\(10^{4}\) -5.46


Sun Java System Identity Synchronization for Windows 6.0 Installation and Configuration Guide
Retrieving the CA Certificate from the Directory Server Certificate Database
Ensure that you have enabled SSL in Directory Server. To export the Directory Server certificate to a temporary file so that you can import it into the certificate database of the Directory Server Connector, issue the following command:
\shared\bin\certutil.exe -L -d.
-P slapd-hostname- -n server-cert -a \ > C:\s-cert.txt
ISW-server-root is the path where ISW-hostname directory is present.
These examples are run in the alias directory immediately below the server root. Otherwise, Directory Server will not find the certificate database.


text:
Commonly available airless spray equipment systems can be powered by a variety of means and are offered in a wide range of sizes and performance capabilities.
- Hand held cordless electric airless spray guns battery powered.
- Hand held electric airless spray guns mains powered.
- Hydraulic diaphragm mains electric or petrol powered airless spray pump equipment.
- Mains electric powered reciprocating piston airless spray pump equipment.
- Petrol engine powered reciprocating piston airless spray equipment with electric clutches.
- Hydraulic powered airless piston pumps using either electric motors or petrol powered motors to provide hydraulic power.
- Pneumatic compressed air driven reciprocating airless piston pump equipment.
Airless spray systems in any of the above categories atomise fluid or liquid including paints and coatings by forcing the fluid through a small nozzle or orifice at high pressure. As the liquid passes through the small nozzle or airless spray tip at high pressure the liquid is atomised into a fine spray. The effect is similar to restricting the flow of water from a standard garden hose by placing your finger over the end of the hose and restricting the flow of water until the water becomes a spray of water.
Never place fingers or any other body part near any outlet on an airless spray unit as the extremely high pressure can cause serious injury.
- Cordless Airless
- Diaphragm Airless
- Electric Airless
- Hand Held Airless Sprayer
- Hydraulic Airless
- Petrol Airless
- Piston Airless
- Pneumatic Airless


text:
What is a Page?
Check out this video to find out!
"Before attending page school, I didn't know much about any government related work and how much they actually affect our everyday life. For example, public transportation, education funding, passing bills/laws/amendments, service for low income families, and jobs. … Being a page I got to see bills being passed into law, which is very interesting, and also made me think about going into government studies or maybe being a state legislator one day." — Kiahna, March 2010
Welcome to the Page School
During each week of the legislative session, approximately 35 students ages 14 to 16 from across the state serve as legislative pages. Legislators sponsor the pages, who assist with the Legislature's work by making deliveries and performing other necessary tasks. Pages spend part of each day attending Page School. Page School is an opportunity for pages to learn about the Legislature's role, its process, and its participants.
The Page School is a joint program of the House and Senate and is housed in the Irv Newhouse Building on the Capitol Campus. The Legislature employs a certificated teacher with experience teaching civics and social studies and an assistant teacher. They bring a wealth of knowledge, experience, and enthusiasm to the Page School program.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
The museum is situated n the administrative building of the NSC of the RK, Syganak street, 20.
The area is divided into 2 exposition halls: the "History of bodies of VChK-KGB in Kazakhstan", "The history
of national security bodies of the Republic of Kazakhstan". There is an archival repository.
There are: in fund are kept -361units, 155 of it are showed at expositions, 39 cold steel and fire-arms.
The most valuable (unique) collections: the collection of the Roman and Byzantine Empire coins of the 4 centuries AD (the collection was withdrawn by officers of the NSC of the RK at the custom during the contraband export, in 2010 it was given to the Presidential cultural center, Astana city).
Thematic halls of museum
Hall: "the history of VChK-KGB bodies in Kazakhstan"
The exposition hall "History of VChK-KGB Bodies in Kazakhstan" it is issued by stands with archival documents and artifacts since VChK creation before reorganization of KGB of the USSR.
Historical photos of secret service men, counterintelligence agents – participants of the Great Patriotic War of _PHONE_, internationalist soldiers- participants of local wars are exposed at stands.
During the mass political repressions in Kazakhstan about 118000 people were condemned by judicial and non-judicial authorities. Since 1989 according to law acts, the state security bodies together with the prosecutor's bodies and the court activated the work of review criminal cases of innocent victims of totalitarism. More than 102000 people were rehabilitated by prosecutor's judicial authorities in 2000.
Since September, 2000 the Central operative archive of the NSC of the RK functions as an independent Management of Inspection and named as the Special State Archive of the NSC of the RK.
Hall: "The recent history of national security bodies of the Republic of Kazakhstan"
According to the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan "About national security bodies of the Republic of Kazakhstan", article 2 directions and activities of national security bodies are showed at stands.
"The recent history of national security bodies of the Republic of Kazakhstan" at stands the directions and fields of activity of divisions and bodies of Committee according to f the (of December 21, 1995 No. 2710) are shined.


text:
|INFORMATION||Home About this Site AGEC Home|
Best if printed in landscape.
North Dakota Oil and Gas Leasing Considerations
The purpose of this web site is to introduce fundamental questions or issues often considered by individuals who own land or mineral rights that are being developed by a mineral company. In this discussion, the focus will be on oil and gas production in rural or agricultural areas. Several assumptions underpin the discussion:
Based on these assumptions, this web site addresses several broad topics:
The information on this web site reflects the efforts of several individuals, in particular
Additional information about oil and gas exploration and production is available from numerous sites, such as
Exploration and production of North Dakota's oil resources is occurring at an accelerated rate. Increased prices for crude oil and the development of new technologies make it possible and profitable to drill for petroleum at greater depths. Improved methods have enabled oil companies to produce more petroleum from existing wells. Enhanced exploration techniques have helped locate large areas of central and eastern North Dakota having geology favorable for the discovery of new oil and gas deposits.
What does this mean for North Dakota landowners? Many individuals who have never thought much about their mineral rights will soon have to make decisions having considerable economic consequences. The "rules of the game" are ever changing, and mineral owners who will negotiate an oil and gas lease in the future should be especially alert to maximize their lease benefits.
Entering into a mineral lease is a business transaction; documented by means of a contract negotiated between a mineral owner and an oil and gas company. However, the exploration and production of oil and gas also are regulated by state law. This web site discusses concepts persons want to understand as they negotiate a mineral lease, but it also introduces the role of state regulation. For example, there will be a few topics where state law specifies the relationship between the mineral owner, surface owner, and the oil company, despite what the parties may have willing to agree to. More frequently, there will be situations where state law will be applied because the mineral owner and oil company overlooked a particular topic when negotiating a mineral lease. Understanding the interaction between state law and the opportunity for mineral owners and oil companies to negotiate an agreement is one objective of this web site.
Energy development is primarily a matter of state law; federal law has a lesser role in directing the exploration and production of minerals owned by individuals. Accordingly, much of the discussion in this web site focuses on North Dakota law. Persons involved with mineral ownership and development in another state should consult a person knowledgeable about mineral laws in that state. There will be similarities as well as differences among the laws of the states. Do not assume that each issue is addressed the same way in every state.
As will be stated many times on this web site:
Seek appropriate professional counsel before
taking action involving mineral rights.
PARTIES OR ENTITIES INVOLVED IN OIL AND GAS DEVELOPMENT
This web site focuses on four different roles or perspectives relating to oil and gas production in North Dakota. These perspectives are introduced in this section.
Even though oil and gas production can be described as having these four primary perspectives, each perspective may involve more than one person or entity. The various perspectives brought to the interactions among the different parties can be a source of legal issues or disputes.
PURPOSE OF WEB SITE
Providing information to help the citizens of North Dakota better understand the oil and gas exploration and production process and related leasing considerations fits within the objectives of the NDSU Extension Service. Oil and gas companies also will benefit from this educational effort. An informed public is less apprehensive and easier to deal with, which should reduce the number of disagreements caused by misunderstanding the leasing process and the need for various leasing provisions to protect both the mineral owner and oil company.
Specifically, the purpose of this web site is to:
Mineral leasing is a matter of negotiation, and mineral owners should be aware of a number of basic factors before beginning these negotiations. Less-experienced or uninformed mineral owners may be at a disadvantage in arranging for the future use of their mineral resources. Topics discussed in this web site were chosen either because they may be of special concern to mineral owners or because they are basic to the structure of an oil and gas lease.
NEED FOR LEGAL ADVICE
Negotiating a mineral lease will likely begin with an oil company offering the mineral owner a standard or form lease for the mineral owner to consider. Even though the mineral owners may feel they need to accept the terms offered by the company, a mineral lease can be negotiated. Mineral owners should familiarize themselves with relevant questions and potential issues, carefully review any offered lease (perhaps with the assistance of a knowledgeable attorney), and offer appropriate alternative lease language. A company interested in the minerals will not necessarily reject the mineral owners' proposal.
Before a lease is signed, an attorney knowledgeable in the oil and gas leasing area should review the lease offered by the company to determine if it meets the specific needs of the mineral owner. Seeking legal advice when a problem arises after the lease is signed may be too late. At that point, the lease is a legal contract and resolution of the problem may be difficult.
Likewise, always get knowledgeable legal advice in drafting a mineral deed, royalty assignment, or deed to land containing a mineral or royalty assignment. Drafting these documents is highly technical and legal matter. Knowledgeable legal assistance can avoid possible problems and resulting disagreements and lawsuits.
This web site contains several pages, however, an individual unfamiliar with oil and gas exploration and production process may want to read that brief introduction next.
Last Updated August 29, 2010
This material is intended for educational purposes
only. It is not a substitute for competent legal counsel. Seek appropriate
professional advice for answers to your specific questions.
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A radioactive source emits particles according to a Poisson process with rate \lambda = 2 particles per minute.
What is the expected time of emission of the second particle given that three particles have been emitted in the first four minutes?
I know we can write this as E[S_2 | N(4) = 3], but how do you solve this?


fbpx MEMO Timer | Abilia Skip to main content
MEMO Timer
MEMO Timer gives a visual representation of time, making something which otherwise is invisible, visible! Time is an abstract concept so learning it can be difficult for many people, when someone says half an hour, what does that mean? How do we feel that half an hour has passed? MEMO Timer allows you to get a quick and easy visual track of the time, allowing it to become accessible.
MEMO Timer displays the time as LED's that go out as the time passes, when the timer is finished the display LEDs will flash; this can be accompanied by an auditory signal or a tactile vibrate option.
MEMO Timer is waterproof so it can be used in the bathroom or outside, whatever the weather.
MEMO Timer is available in four versions:
MEMO Timer 8 shows time in 2, 4, 6, 8 minutes (art.no 500150)
MEMO Timer 20 shows time in 5, 10, 15, 20 minutes (art.no 500155)
MEMO Timer 60 shows time in 15, 30, 45, 60 minutes (art.no 500160)
MEMO Timer 80 shows time in 20, 40, 60, 80 minutes (art.no 500165)
The product is marketed as a technical aid class I for people with disabilities and complies with Regulation (EU) 2017/745 - MDR
MEMO Timer - Video


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Hydro-Organic Plant Feed
Sugar Peak is an exciting new innovation in the search for plant nutrient perfection. Fusing the premium quality of organics with the high performance of a mineral feed, this easy to use and comprehensive package of products raises the bar for other nutrients to follow. Consisting of four parts, the Sugar Peak range takes care of your plants precise feeding requirements at every key stage via separate Leaf Growth, Flowering and Grand Finale formulations - whilst the powerful organic elements in Sugar Peak Catalyst enhance overall flavours, textures and yields.
Leaf Growth has been designed to encourage energetic stem and leaf development for foliage plants and the vegetative stages of flowering and fruiting plants. Flowering stimulates, maintains and enhances early fruiting and flowering growth. Grand Finale is for the later stages of flowering/fruiting growth, triggering your plants final flowering response and supporting the maturation of additional fruit and flower sets before harvest. The organic additive Catalyst encourages compact branching, stimulates opulent fruiting sites, triggers early yields, introduces natural sugars and conditions soils and hydroponic solutions for superior nutrient assimilation. It is used throughout all stages of plant growth in tandem with the rest of the Sugar Peak range.
Sugar Peak Leaf Growth
For premium results and the convenience of a one-part formula, offer your customers Sugar Peak Vegetative (3-1-5). This complete nutrient encourages strong stem development and healthy leaf growth in houseplants, benefits the vegetative phase of flowering plants, and improves any plant's overall yield and resistance to pests. Part of the "Earth Juice" line, Sugar Peak Leaf Growth Vegetative is easily assimilated by soil-based and hydroponically-grown plants and consists of natural elements including molasses and marine-bird and bat guanos as well as bio-enhancers and other elemental nutrients.
Sugar Peak Flowering
For premium results and the convenience of a one-part formula, offer your customers Sugar Peak Flowering (2-4-5). This complete nutrient fuels bud formation in flowering plants and enhances the sweet flavour in fruits. Part of the "Earth Juice" line, Sugar Peak Flowering is easily absorbed by soil-based and hydroponically-grown plants and consists of natural elements.
Sugar Peak not only feeds plants but also helps to inhibit excessive 'bolting', decreases insect attack and, stimulates sugar transport for increased yields with intense sweetness and flavour.
Sugar Peak Grand Finale
A convenient one-part finishing formula designed for maximising production of flowering and fruiting plants.
Change from Sugar Peak Flowering to Sugar Peak Grand Finale 14 days prior to harvest.
The new hydro-fusion blends are uniquely blended from natural and organic elements and bio-enhancers, in a form that is easily absorbed by plants grown both hydroponically and in soil.
Sugar Peak not only feeds plants but also helps to inhibit excessive 'bolting', decreases insect attack and, stimulates sugar transport for increased yields with with intense sweetness and flavour.
Sugar Peak Briximus Maximus
Finishing foliar sprays designed for determinate flowering and fruting plant's final phase of production. Thoroughly spray foliage at 2 interwals 7 days apart starting at 14 days prior to harvest. Avoid spraying flowers or fruit or within 6 days of harvest. Use in con junction with Sugar Peak Grand Finale
Sugar Peak Catalyst
The 1st and Original Organic Growth & Production Stimulator. A premium organic additive that encourages compact branching, stimulates optimal fruiting sites, increases sugar transport, and triggers early yields. Conditions soils and hydroponic solutions for better nutrient availability.
- Sugar Peak Leaf Growth 1 litre
- Sugar Peak Flowering 1 litre
- Sugar Peak Grand Finale 1 litre
- Sugar Peak Briximus Maximus 250 ml and 1ltr
- Sugar Peak Catalyst 1 litre and 5ltr


text:
Marine Wildlife Encyclopedia
Yellow-lipped Sea Krait Laticauda Colubrina
This species is the most widespread of the sea kraits—a group of four closely related species that lay eggs on land, instead of giving birth at sea. It has a pale blue body, marked with eye-catching dark blue rings, and distinctive yellow lips, which give it its common name. The yellow-lipped sea krait feeds on fish in shallow water, and although it has highly potent venom, it presents very little danger to humans because it is not aggressive and even when handled it rarely bites.
Unlike many other marine snakes, sea kraits have large ventral scales that give them good traction when they crawl, allowing them to move around comfortably on land. During the breeding season, they come ashore in large numbers to mate and lay clutches of up to 20 eggs. Once they have hatched, the young make their way to the shallows, before dispersing along coasts and out to sea.


Documentation Center
 - Trial Software
 - Product Updates
Discrete Event Signal to Workspace
Write event-based signal to workspace
SimEvents Sinks
This block writes its input to a structure or array in the base MATLAB® workspace when the simulation stops or pauses. One way to pause a running simulation is to select Simulation > Pause. Suspending the simulation during a debugger session does not cause this block to write data to the workspace. This block logs data at each sample time hit.
This block is similar to the To Workspace block in the Simulink® Sinks library but is tailored for use with event-based signals.
Output Format
The Save format parameter determines the output format. The Structure With Time output format is most appropriate for event-based signals because it indicates when the signal assumes each value. Updates of event-based signals are typically aperiodic.
If the signal has an initial value, the value is the first data value in the workspace variable. (An example of a signal that has no initial value is a signal inside an Atomic Subsystem that has an event-based input signal.) Depending on the topology of your model, initial values of the signal might account for multiple data values in the workspace variable.
To identify the first data value that represents a sample time hit of the event-based signal, insert the Initial Value block before this block. Set the Value until the first sample time hit parameter to a value you do not expect as a signal value at a sample time hit. To identify the initial value or values of the signal, remove the Initial Value block.
For scalar signals, you can convert a structure with time into a two-column matrix containing times in the first column and signal values in the second column. To do this, use an assignment like the one below. In place of simout, use the name specified in this block's Variable name parameter.
times_values = [simout.time, simout.signals.values];
For descriptions of all output formats, see the reference page for the To Workspace block.
Comparison with To Workspace Block
This block has no Sample time parameter because event-based signals do not have a true sample time.
The simulation times at which this block records data is typically unrelated to the variable that a model creates if you select Time in the Save to workspace section of the Data Import/Export tab of the Configuration Parameters dialog box. By default, this option is selected and the variable is called tout.
This block has one signal input port for the signal to write to the workspace.
The block has no entity ports, and no signal output port.
Dialog Box
Variable name
The name of the structure or array that holds the data.
Limit data points to last
The maximum number of input samples to be saved.
A positive integer, n, that specifies the decimation factor. The block ignores the last n–1 out of every n input samples.
Save format
Format in which to save simulation output to the workspace. The recommended format for event-based signals is Structure With Time.
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Promising prospects for cooperation between DBDH and Castilla y León
Date: 12/11/2013
The memorandum of understanding between Castilla y León and DBDH, initiating the a partnership with the Spanish Bioenergy Association and regional politicians in the region of Castilla y León in Northern Spain seems very promising. The objective of the MOU is to promote renewable energy and make district heating more efficient in the region.
Through the cooperation DBDH intent to create a meeting platform for Danish and Spanish district heating companies and strengthen trading relationships between the two countries. The objective is to help establish Danish companies in the region thus enhancing the use of renewable energy in district heating plants.
Ever since 2006, the numbers of district heating plants in Spain have more than tripled. In the regions of the more cold areas of Spain, there is a rising need for Danish knowledge and technology in terms of heating. The Danish technology will make energy from heating plants more efficient. In addition, it will help to make use of the regions vast resources of forest and agriculture.
There have been a substantial amount of articles in the Spanish in the last days:
Castilla y León y Dinamarca se unen para promover redes de calefacción de biomasaí-en-castilla-y-león
Castilla y León y Dinamarca firman un acuerdo para compartir tecnología en sistemas de biomasa


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Integrating Visio 2007 with SQL Server Analysis Services
Previously discussed was how to integrate SQL Server Analysis Services (SSAS) with Excel 2007 in the article, Accessing Cubes from Excel 2007. Visio 2007 is another tool available in Office 2007 that can be used to connect to a SSAS database. There are two reasons why Visio is not an automatic choice to connect to SSAS:
- Visio is not a popular tool among business users. Unlike, Excel most business users don't have Vision installed on their computer.
- Another reason that Visio is not used as client tool for SSAS is widespread lack of knowledge about it. This article aims to help resolve this.
To visualise what can be done with SSAS and Visio, the following image shows how information can be presented in Visio based off a SSAS cube:
Configuring SSAS Connection to Visio
Configuring an SSAS connection to an SSAS cube is similar a connection from Excel except for the first screen. After creating a new Visio document, select Insert PivotDiagram from the Data in the Main menu and the screen shown below will be presented:
There is the option to create links to other sources such as Excel, Access and SQL Server. This article will concentrate on SQL Server Analysis Services (SASS).
After this screen, a tool bar and side bar appear as shown in the flowing images:
The next section will examine how these options can be used in detail.
Using SSAS Data
The PivotDiagram has three sections, Category, Total and Actions. Category is mapped to dimensions in SSAS – where all the dimension attributes and hierarchies are found. Total is mapped to the fact table measures. Actions are performed on the Pivot Diagram. In the Actions section, the Other Actions button gives additional options to customise output.
Once the options are understood, an example is used to show how to use them. For example, to analyse the sales amount with the Gender of the Customer.
Select the sales amount from the Add Total section. Next, select Customer:Gendar from the Add category section and the following output will given:
Perform further analysis by adding more categories. For example, to analyse the Female sales amount by occupations; select the F Box under the Gender and select Customer:English Occupation from the Add Category section and the output will be as shown below:
To analyse Gender M with some other category, selecting the other category.
In the Other Action button, the most important option is Edit Data Graphic as the other options are self explanatory.
The data fields can be controlled with the option to add new items, edit existing items, delete existing items and set the default positions.
Note that by default, the amount will have four decimal points and is lacking a comma separator. Reconfigure this by clicking Edit Item.
Configure the Format of the value, Label etc. For example, Value format #,0.00 will display the amount with two decimal points and a thousand separator. There are other parameters like border type and fill type to display, that can be used to format the dispaly.
Rather than adding fields from the side bar, use the New Item option in the dialog. The New item option has four sub-options shown below:
The first, Text, will simply add a column and display it in a text format. The Data bar will display data with some graphical presentation. As shown below, select the graphical representation needed by selecting the Call out option.
Set the minimum and maximum value according to that select indicator represents graphical value. Data can be presented in various formats and the figure below shows the available Data Bar formats.
The Icon Set allows display of values with given icons. For each callout there is five icons set that can define what to display. For each icon, rules can be set using different criterions from the available drop down. That drop down contains options like equals, does not equal, is greater than, is less than, is between and contains etc.
The image below shows available icon sets for selecting an icon set to match the data.
Colour by value gives an opportunity of colouring a Visio diagram. It is possible to set colours for particular values and for ranges of values. The image below shows how to set the colouring method for a range of values:
The issue with these options is that there is no option to set the colouring methods for one level.
Visio is a client tool that can be used to visualize cube data created using SSAS. This provides options for presenting data in an aesthetically pleasing manner.


How valid of an assumption is using mg/kg for drug dosage?
 1. Simfish
 Simfish 825
 Gold Member
 Okay, basically, the more mass you have, the more drug that's needed to exert the same effect on you.
 But is it really linearly proportional like that?
 I mean, if you increase your body mass, you're not going to increase the amount of blood in your major arteries and veins. The amount of blood in them is fairly fixed (or is it?)
 Rather, you'll increase the amount of blood in more peripheral blood vessels. How much does this amount of blood scale with increased mass? Is fat tissue more vascularized (on average) than other types of tissue? Or not? Furthermore, is it a valid assumption that a drug will diffuse "equally" throughout the body, including all of the body's capillaries?
 2. jcsd
 3. Well, let's start simple, does a baby have the same size heart as a full grown adult? Does a baby have the same size arteries as an adult? and so on.
 Can you see my point here?
 4. Simfish
 Simfish 825
 Gold Member
 Yes, I definitely see your point there, although it wasn't the picture I was looking at.
 What I was thinking about is more like this: Would a fully grown 150kg human adult have 3 times the blood volume of a fully grown human adult weighing 50kg?
 5. Well all of the living cells in your body require a blood supply. If you have a larger amount of said cells, would you need more or less in the way of blood transportation and blood volume?
 6. Simfish
 Simfish 825
 Gold Member
 That's true. But you could divide blood volume by body mass for a set of humans. The real question is - is it a linear function? Or could it be more nonlinear than we realize? (if so, that could make the mg/kg metric less reliable than we think).
 7. Well if you know the average blood supply to 1kg of body mass, then it is a pretty linear function.
 You could take many samples of body mass at 1kg and check to ensure they all have roughly the same value.
 8. Simfish
 Simfish 825
 Gold Member
 That is the intuitive way to generate the hypothesis. But we would also need to compare this value between different people - because thin people owe a greater proportion of their blood volume to their major blood vessels - whose volume cannot increase with body mass. It's entirely possible that it's a nonlinear function of body weight among adult individuals of a given height. (it's also entirely possible that the function could be non-linear for increases in height too, although I think this is less likely).
 9. bobze
 bobze 651
 Science Advisor
 Gold Member
 Fluid spaces scale pretty dog-gone linearly with body size. There is a "standard" or "average" person for each group that calculations are done. For instance the "standard" male for age 17-34 is 70 Kg.
 60% of the 70 Kg mass is fluid or 42 L. Of the 42 L, approximately 35-45% (40% avg) will be intracellular fluid (ICF) or 28 L.
 Extracellular fluid (ECF)volume is 15-25% (20% avg) or approximately 14 L.
 Of that (the ECF) approximately 5% is plasma (3.5 L) and approximately 15% is interstitial fluid (ISF) or 10.5 L.
 For the given age group, these numbers make a very close approximation, so for the age group of 17-34 you can use these percents to calculate dosage when giving IV drugs or orals, etc. One must also consider things like the rate of clearance by the kidneys (weak acids and bases, like some drugs are (penicillin for example), are cleared rapidly by the kidneys unless given in excessive amounts).
 Of course, there is variation in the population either through physiological variation or pathology, such as dehydration or edema etc. Which can alter the fluid spaces and must be something the prescribing physician takes into consideration.
 MDs have these nice little charts and calculators for body size and drug prescribing, though most people fall within the bell curve and the averages can be use. Thankfully, this is something medical physiologists looked into :)
 10. bobze
 bobze 651
 Science Advisor
 Gold Member
 The size of vasculature and amount of whole blood volume in said vasculature also scales very well with body size.
 11. Simfish
 Simfish 825
 Gold Member
 Ah yes, thanks for this very nice reply! :)
 12. Andy Resnick
 Andy Resnick 6,144
 Science Advisor
 Education Advisor
 That's not true for all drugssome psychoactive ones, in particular, do not have a dose-response that scales with body mass.
 13. Given the variety of drugs we have at our disposal, it's hard to generalize. Many drugs are water soluble, some are fat soluble, some cross the blood-brain barrier, some don't. Some are tissue bound, others protein bound, etc. A key concept is the volume of distribution which the relates the time integrated change in blood plasma levels from time [tex]t_{0}[/tex] in a theoretical volume following the administration of known doses by known routes. This is affected by all the above variables (and more) plus rates of excretion, deposition in fat and bone and the production of metabolites which may or may not be measured in the plasma depending on whether they are active metabolites or not. The link below is a fair summary to just give a sense of the issues involved.
 The recommendations for dosage by unit/kg are based on adjustments for these pharmacokinetic parameters, but prescribers must also estimate the fat/lean body mass ratios, level of hydration, renal and liver function, and other special situations that may exist. Dosages in children are also subject special guidelines.
 Note: multiple pages
 Last edited: Jan 12, 2011
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When considering various options for purchasing goods in bulk, you may have come across the term "Amazon pallets." These are pre-packed pallets of products that are sold by Amazon and claim to offer significant cost savings and convenience. However, before making any purchasing decisions, it is crucial to ask yourself: are Amazon pallets worth buying? In this article, we will examine the events/">benefits and drawbacks of purchasing Amazon pallets, allowing you to make an informed decision about whether they are the right choice for your business needs.
The Basics of Amazon Pallets
Definition of Amazon Pallets
Amazon pallets refer to merchandise pallets that are sold on the Amazon platform. These pallets typically contain a variety of products that have been returned, overstocked, or deemed excess inventory by Amazon or its third-party sellers. The contents of these pallets can vary widely and may include anything from electronics and clothing to home goods and toys.
How Amazon Pallets Work
When it comes to purchasing Amazon pallets, buyers have the option to choose from various sellers on the platform. These sellers specialize in acquiring and reselling pallets sourced directly from Amazon's warehouses. The pallets are usually sold as-is and come with a fixed price or are auctioned off to the highest bidder. Buyers can browse through the available pallets, assess the contents, and make a purchase based on their needs and budget.
Types of Amazon Pallets
There are different types of Amazon pallets available for purchase. Some sellers categorize pallets based on their condition, such as "new," "like new," or "used." Others classify pallets based on the category of products they contain, such as electronics, clothing, or general merchandise. Additionally, there may be pallets specifically categorized for commercial and industrial buyers, offering larger quantities or specialized products. Buyers can choose the type of pallet that aligns with their business needs and preferences.
Benefits of Buying Amazon Pallets
One of the major advantages of purchasing Amazon pallets is the potential for significant cost savings. These pallets are often sold at a fraction of their original retail value, allowing buyers to acquire a diverse range of products at a discounted price. By taking advantage of bulk buying, buyers can benefit from economies of scale, maximizing their purchasing power and reducing overall costs.
Convenience and Efficiency
Another benefit of buying Amazon pallets is the convenience and efficiency it offers. Instead of searching for individual products from different suppliers, buyers can find a wide range of items conveniently packaged on a single pallet. This streamlines the purchasing process, saves time, and simplifies inventory management.
Variety of Products
Amazon pallets provide buyers with access to a vast assortment of products. This variety allows businesses to diversify their product offerings without the need to source from multiple suppliers. Whether buyers are looking to expand their existing inventory or enter new markets, the wide selection of products available in these pallets can provide the necessary flexibility to cater to changing consumer demands.
Ease of Restocking
With Amazon pallets, restocking inventory becomes a more streamlined process. When a particular product sells out, businesses can quickly find replacement items from the pallets they have purchased. This eliminates the need for extensive searching or waiting for new stock to arrive, enabling businesses to maintain a consistent supply of products to meet customer demands.
Risks and Considerations
A key consideration when buying Amazon pallets is the potential lack of quality control. These pallets often contain customer returns or overstocked items, which may have defects or cosmetic imperfections. While some buyers may be able to sell these items at a discounted price, others may struggle to find a market for them. It is important to thoroughly inspect the contents of the pallets before purchasing to ensure the quality meets customer expectations.
When purchasing Amazon pallets, buyers should take into account the limited or non-existent warranties that may be offered. Unlike purchasing directly from the manufacturer or authorized retailers, buyers may not have the same level of warranty protection for the products they receive. This means that if a product is defective or malfunctions, it may be difficult to obtain a refund or replacement.
Lack of Customization
Another consideration is the limited ability to customize the contents of Amazon pallets. Buyers need to be aware that they are purchasing the entire pallet, rather than cherry-picking specific items. This lack of customization means that buyers may end up with products that do not align with their target market or business needs. Thorough research and understanding of the pallet's contents are crucial to mitigate this risk.
Possible Damaged Goods
Given that Amazon pallets may contain customer returns or damaged items, there is a risk that some products may be unsellable or require repairs. Buyers should be prepared for the possibility of receiving damaged goods and consider the associated costs and efforts required to salvage or recondition them. Properly assessing the condition of the products and factoring in potential repairs can help mitigate this risk.
Determining the Value
Reviewing the Price
To determine the value of Amazon pallets, buyers must carefully review the price being asked. It is essential to compare the price of the pallet to the estimated retail value of its contents. Additionally, considering the condition, demand, and market value of the products will help assess whether the price is fair and reasonable. Conducting thorough research and price comparisons can help buyers make informed decisions.
Assessing the Contents
Buyers should assess the contents of the Amazon pallets to determine their value. Carefully inspecting the products, checking for any damaged or unsellable items, and considering their market demand and potential resale value are crucial steps in assessing the value of the pallet. By understanding the quality and desirability of the products, buyers can determine whether the purchase is worthwhile.
Estimating Sales Potential
Estimating the sales potential is vital in determining the value of Amazon pallets. Buyers should consider factors such as the market demand for the products, the competition, and their own ability to effectively market and sell the items. By conducting market research and analyzing sales data, buyers can gauge the potential profitability of the products and make an informed decision based on their sales projections.
Who Can Benefit from Amazon Pallets
Resellers and Retailers
Resellers and retailers looking to expand their product offerings and increase their profit margins can benefit from purchasing Amazon pallets. These pallets provide the opportunity to acquire a diverse range of products at a discounted price, allowing resellers and retailers to diversify their inventory and attract a wider customer base.
Online sellers, especially those operating on marketplaces like Amazon, can benefit from buying Amazon pallets. These pallets provide sellers with a convenient and cost-effective way to source a variety of products to sell on their online platforms. The diversity and competitive pricing of Amazon pallets can give online sellers a competitive edge and help them stand out in the marketplace.
Discount stores focused on offering affordable products to their customers can also find value in buying Amazon pallets. These pallets often contain a mix of products suitable for discount retailers, allowing them to offer a wide range of discounted items to their customers. By purchasing Amazon pallets, discount stores can maintain a constantly changing inventory, attracting customers seeking deals and bargains.
Tips for Buying Amazon Pallets
Research the Seller
Before purchasing Amazon pallets, it is crucial to research the seller thoroughly. Look for reputable sellers with positive reviews and ratings from previous buyers. Additionally, consider factors such as the seller's return policy, communication responsiveness, and customer service reputation. Researching the seller will help ensure a positive buying experience and minimize the risks associated with purchasing from an unreliable seller.
Read Customer Reviews
Reading customer reviews can provide valuable insights into the quality and reliability of the Amazon pallets offered by a particular seller. Look for reviews that specifically mention the condition, variety, and value of the products received. Reviews can help gauge the overall satisfaction levels of previous buyers and provide a glimpse into what to expect when purchasing from a specific seller.
Understand Shipping costs
When buying Amazon pallets, it is important to consider the shipping costs associated with the purchase. The weight and size of the pallets can significantly impact the shipping charges, and buyers should factor in these costs when evaluating the overall value of the purchase. Understanding the shipping costs upfront will help buyers accurately assess the total investment required for the pallets.
Consider Seasonal demand
Take into account the seasonal demand for certain products when buying Amazon pallets. Some products may experience higher demand during specific periods or holidays, while others may have more consistent year-round demand. By considering the seasonality of the products in the pallets, buyers can align their purchasing decisions with market demand and maximize their potential for sales and profitability.
Alternatives to Buying Amazon Pallets
Buying from liquidation Auctions
An alternative to buying Amazon pallets is participating in liquidation auctions. These auctions allow buyers to bid on pallets of merchandise that have been liquidated from various sources, including Amazon. Similar to Amazon pallets, liquidation auctions offer the opportunity to purchase products at discounted prices. However, buyers should be aware that the contents and condition of the pallets may be less predictable compared to purchasing directly from Amazon.
purchasing from Wholesale Suppliers
Buying directly from wholesale suppliers is another alternative to consider. Wholesale suppliers often offer larger quantities of products at competitive prices. While the variety of products may not be as extensive as Amazon pallets, buyers can potentially negotiate better deals and have more control over the products they purchase. Working with reputable wholesale suppliers can provide buyers with a more reliable and consistent supply chain.
Using Dropshipping Strategies
Instead of purchasing Amazon pallets or sourcing products upfront, sellers can also consider utilizing dropshipping strategies. Dropshipping allows sellers to list products for sale without physically stocking them. When a customer places an order, the seller purchases the product from a third-party supplier, who then ships it


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While the Fast Startup feature provides quick access to your computer, it can sometimes cause problems. You will find below 3 different ways to Disable Fast Startup in Windows 10.
How Fast Startup Works
The Fast Startup feature in Windows 10 works by forcing your computer to enter a deeper state of hibernation mode, instead of completely shutting down.
When a Fast Startup enabled computer is shut down, it closes all programs/files, logs off all Users, alerts device drivers to prepare for hibernation, saves the current system state to hibernation file and turns off the computer.
When the computer restarts, it can simply use the Hibernation file to spring back to life, without the need to individually reload drivers, kernels and related system files.
While the Fast Startup feature can be easily disabled on your computer, it is known to return back after a major Windows update.
Why Disable Fast Startup?
While most users continue using Fast Startup without even being aware of it, some users want to disable Fast Startup for the following reasons.
1. Fast Startup prevents the computer from shutting down properly, which results in open files not being saved and updates not being applied during shutdown (they are applied when you restart).
2. Depending on the computer, Fast Startup may prevent you from accessing BIOS/UEFI settings during Shut Down.
3. While Fast Startup provides significant boost to startup times on computers using HDD drives, it has lesser impact on computers using SSD Drives.
4. Fast Startup is known to interfere with encrypted disk images. The solution for this problem is to manually dismount encrypted drivers before shutdown.
5. When you shut down a Fast Startup enabled computer, it locks down the Hard Drive and prevents it from being accessed using another operating system (Dual Boot).
6. Fast Startup uses the Hibernate File, which takes up storage space.
If you are using Dual Boot, it is recommended that you disable Fast Startup, as users have reported instances of File and Hard Disk corruption.
1. Disable Fast Startup Using Settings
The Fast Startup feature in Windows 10 has also been blamed for causing this problem.
1. Right-click on the Start button and click on Power Options.
2. On the next screen, scroll down in the right-pane and click on Additional Power Settings Link.
3. On Power Options Screen, click on Choose What the Power Buttons Do link.
4. On the next screen, scroll down to "Shutdown Settings" and uncheck Turn on fast startup option.
5. Click on Save Changes button.
This will disable Fast Startup on your computer, until the next major Windows 10 update.
Note: If you do not see the Fast Startup option, it means that Hibernate Mode is not enabled on your computer. You can quickly enable Hibernate Mode by opening Command Prompt and executing powercfg/hibernate on command.
2. Disable Fast Startup Using Control Panel
If you are still fond of using the Control Panel, you can follow the steps below to disable Fast Startup on your computer.
1. Open Control Panel on your computer.
2. On the Control Panel screen, navigate to Hardware and Sound > Power Options and click on Change What the Power Buttons Do.
3. On the next screen, scroll down to "Shutdown Settings" and uncheck Turn on fast startup option.
4. Click on Save Changes to save and implement this change on your computer.
3. Permanently Disable Fast Startup Using Registry
This method should prevent Windows 10 from enabling Fast Startup via an update. It is recommended that you backup registry files before going ahead with these steps.
1. Right-click on the Start button and click on Run.
2. In Run Command window, type regedit and click on OK.
3. On the Registry screen, navigate to HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE/SOFTWARE/Policies/Microsoft/Windows/System
4. Right-click in the right-pane and select New DWORD option.
5. Name the New DWORD as HiberbootEnabled and make sure its value is 0 (which will be 0 by default).
Exit Registry and restart your computer.


[ki-ga uku]
Literal translation: Wood floats.
Meaning: wood is such a material, if to put it in water, it will stay on the top, it will not sink.
Let's add ～やすい / ～にくい pattern (as auxiliary adjective, not i-adjective).
[ki-wa uki-yasui]
Literal translation: Wood floats well.
Meaning: wood is a good floating material, that it is a good itea to make something floating from that, for example, a boat.
Question: why -yasui/-nikui makes us use は instead of が?
Is it legal to say [木が浮きやす] or with ga-version of -yasui/-nikui we make some shift in meaning?
Good question! This question is an actually an entire topic. For example, see this article.
So we have four patterns here:
(1) 木が浮く
(2) 木は浮く
(3) 木が浮きやすい
(4) 木は浮きやすい
The short answer is that they are all correct grammatically. However, they have slightly different nuances.
"は" is called the topic particle for good reason; it marks what the speaker's statement is about. Without any context, (1) could be a statement about the environment from a book. The statement describes what simply happens. On the other hand, (2) is a statement about the tree itself. An example usage is, 石は浮かないが木は浮く (Stones don't float, but trees float). Here, we compare stones and trees. The statement isn't about what happens generally; it specifically compares stones and trees, the topics.
Now, alone, (3) seems slightly strange alone. Note that as "浮きやすい" is an adjective, the whole sentence seems to describe the tree, which wouldn't make sense if tree weren't the topic. On the other hand, it could be used as in "なぜ、海水では人が浮きやすいのでしょうか". Here, the topic is seawater; not people.
(4) alone is a natural statement about trees themselves. It describes trees, saying trees float easily.
I hope this helps a little bit!
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