text:
Farms Deserted In Chin State As Crop-Destroying Rats Become 'Out Of Control'
Chin farmers in some of the most rodent-infested areas abandoned their farms and paddy fields as swarms of rats that eat up the crops en masse become 'wild and uncontrollable' in Chin State.
"About 70 families from Thangzang village, Than Tlang township have given up and left their farms in despair as a growing number of rats ravage all the crops," said a local fact-finder, who wants to remain anonymous.
A survey revealed that more than 55,000 rats have been killed in Tikir village, 18,000 in Saikah village and 30,000 in Lailen village only in 2008. It is claimed that throwing a fishing net just onto a single corn plant would catch about 10 rats.
This massive infestation of rats due to the bamboo flowers and seeds which help, after being fed on by rats, procreate in an accelerated birth surge, has brought in Chin State severe food crisis, locally known as mautam, where the word mau literally means 'bamboo' and tam 'hunger'.
The ongoing situation has grown worse as a prolonged period of abnormally low rainfall hits Chin State, leaving the farmers 'bewildered and despondent' for their survival.
The devastating food crisis has forced thousands of the Chin people to flee their villages in search of food relief, mostly into the Indian-Burmese border. As many as 200 villages with no less than 100,000 people are directly affected by the ongoing famine, according to a recent report by CHRO (Chin Human Rights Organisation).
Chin communities and individuals across the world along with some international organisations have been engaged in making efforts to bring food relief aids to the famine victims. A series of fundraising Chin Famine Live Aid concerts have been organised with famous singers from Burma and India's Mizoram State in Thailand, Malaysia and Singapore.
Van Biak Thang
03 September, 2008


How do we change a project's status? What do the project statuses mean?
Replicon has several statuses that can be associated with a project: Tentative, In Progress, Completed, Deferred, Cancelled, and Archived. A project's current status displays in the top, right-hand corner of the project's page.
In Progress is the only status that allows time entry against the project; therefore, if you want to halt time entry, you should change the status to anything else. When you create a new project, it is assigned In Progress status, by default.
Archived status prevents time entry against projects, but also prevents projects from displaying in the All or My Projects lists on the Projects > Projects page. Therefore, you'd typically archive only projects you don't need ready access to. You might, for example, decide to mark all finished projects as Completed, and then change their status to Archived a year or two later.
You can report on the status of projects using just about any of the project reports.
Changing a project's status
To change the status of a project:
 1. Go to Projects > Projects, and select the project whose status you want to change.
 2. Click the current status in the project status summary bar located in the top, right-hand corner of the page, and select a new status for the project.
 1. Move the percent complete toggle, if you want to mark the percent complete for the project.
Changing the status of multiple projects at once
To edit multiple projects at once to have the same status:
 1. Go to Projects > Projects.
 2. Mark the check box beside each project whose status you want to change.
 3. Click the Mass Edit button at the top of the page.
 4. Select the new status from the Status filter.
 5. Click Save.
You can also mass edit project statuses using the RIA import tool.
Can we reopen a project that I've marked as Completed, Deferred, Cancelled, or Archived?
Yes, you can always reopen projects of any status.


text:
Calmoseptine is a topical ointment used for a number of infections. Calmoseptine is a brand name of zinc oxide and it sometimes is called menthol oxide. Other ingredients in this medication include petroleum jelly and cod liver oil.
Calmoseptine is an ointment for skin rashes, commonly diaper rashes for babies. The chemical may be used for small or minor burns and any medical irritations in the rectal area. Large wounds cannot be treated with Calmoseptine.
Fungal or bacterial infections cannot be helped with Calmoseptine. Consult a doctor as soon as possible concerning a fungal or bacterial skin infection.
The high levels of zinc in the ointment makes Calmoseptine a harmful medication for anyone with a zinc allergy. Also, the cod liver oil and/or petroleum jelly in the ointment may cause an allergic reaction for some patients. Pregnant women should consult a doctor before using Calmoseptine.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


Evaluations of land cover risk factors for canine leptospirosis: 94 cases (2002–2009)
Abstract
Associations of land cover/land use variables and the presence of dogs in urban vs. rural address locations were evaluated retrospectively as potential risk factors for canine leptospirosis in Kansas and Nebraska using Geographic Information Systems (GIS). The sample included 94 dogs positive for leptospirosis predominantly based on a positive polymerase chain reaction test for leptospires in urine, isolation of leptospires on urine culture, a single reciprocal serum titer of 12,800 or greater, or a four-fold rise in reciprocal serum titers over a 2–4 weeks period; and 185 dogs negative for leptospirosis based on a negative polymerase chain reaction test and reciprocal serum titers less than 400. Land cover features from 2001 National Land Cover Dataset and 2001 Kansas Gap Analysis Program datasets around geocoded addresses of case/control locations were extracted using 2500 m buffers, and the presence of dogs' address locations within urban vs. rural areas were estimated in GIS. Multivariate logistic models were used to determine the risk of different land cover variables and address locations to dogs. Medium intensity urban areas (OR = 1.805, 95% C.I. = 1.396, 2.334), urban areas in general (OR = 2.021, 95% C.I. = 1.360, 3.003), and having urban address locations (OR = 3.732, 95% C.I. = 1.935, 7.196 entire study region), were significant risk factors for canine leptospirosis. Dogs regardless of age, sex and breed that live in urban areas are at higher risk of leptospirosis and vaccination should be considered.
Description
Keywords
Leptospirosis, Canine, Remote Sensing, Geographic informationa systems, Land cover/land use
Citation


Wiki bloom filter
The Bloom filter, conceived by Burton H. Bloom in 1970, is a space-efficient probabilistic data structure that is used to test whether an element is a member of a set.We verify that all 50 are found in the filter (guaranteed True Positives).Talk:Bloom filter. This is the talk page for discussing improvements to the Bloom filter article. This is not a forum for general discussion of the article's subject.Examples here~ _URL_ In all the examples you can see how it's okay for the Bloom filter to be wrong.A Bloom filter is a data structure designed to tell you, rapidly and memory-efficiently, whether an element is present in a set.
Bloom filter - Revolvy
Bloom Filters is one of those data structures that you don't generally learn about in. A Bloom filter is a data structure that is used to check for membership of.jbloomer: A bloom filter for Java in about 100 lines. page is exactly how you should not use a bloom filter. for the cases where the filter does NOT.(11 replies) Hi Where can I find documentation on how to use Bloom filters in Solr (4.4). _URL_ seems to be outdated - there.
Compressed Bloom Filters Michael Mitzenmacher ∗ Harvard University 33 Oxford St. Cambridge, MA 02138 _EMAIL_ ABSTRACT ABloomﬁlterisasimplespace.
OraFAQ Forum: Performance Tuning » Bloom filter joins
What is a bloom filter and what are they used for? Update Cancel. Answer Wiki. Bloom Filter dosnt keep the hash of the input instead it generates a hash.We then try 100,000 random strings to see if they are in the filter.
I was hoping to get some feedback on my bloom filter implementation! Thanks in advance. I tested it with some simple words and seems to be working import hashlib.
String Algorithm: Bloom Filter - mutux.com
Bitcoin SPV nodes can lower their bandwidth requirements by setting a Bloom filter on each P2P connection they have with other. There is no tag wiki for this.2. Sorting with Bloom Filters. As mentioned in the previous section when describing the Bloom Filters, in order to uniformly distribute the values across the filter.But if your goal is to understand why Bloom filters work the way they do, then you may enjoy the post. Bloom filters: We're finally ready for Bloom filters.Pennsylvania RhodeIsland SouthCarolina SouthDakota Tennessee Texas Utah.For more information on Bloom Filters, check the Wikipedias: _URL_ for special topics like "How to get around the 'no.
It can hold up to 13,600 keys while keeping the false positive rate under 1 in 10,000.
Bloom filter in Scala taken from Twitter's Algebird project. Raw. * Bloom Filter - a probabilistic. _URL_
Bloom filters - Wiktionary
File:Bloom filter.svg. File; File history;. Bloom filter; Global file usage. The following other wikis use this file: Usage on cs.wikipedia.org Bloomův filtr.
Bloomov filter teda,. Less Hashing, Same Performance: Building a Better Bloom Filter - článok o optimalizácii Bloomových filtrov (po anglicky).Download Python Bloom Filter for free. A Bloom Filter implementation in pure python, using only the standard library.Bloom Filter-based Flat Name Resolution System for ICN IEFT 91, Honolulu. Bloom filter-based NRS. 1 LOC 1 Name 2 LOC 2-1, LOC 2-2.
[Solr-user] Bloom filter - Grokbase
Credit to wikipedia for information. For more information, see this: _URL_ above example also shows a list of all correctly spelled words in the English language compressed into a 330Kb bloom filter so that the spell checker can be kept entirely in memory.Media in category "Bloom filter" The following 6 files are in this category, out of 6 total.
You cannot use Bloom filters to retrieve items,. //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloom_filter The short versions of the answer is that Bloom filters are smaller and faster.The example code shows the names of fifty US states stored in a 125-byte bloom filter using 14 probes.
Bloomův filtr (Bloom filter) - Vojtěch Hordějčuk
We can use bloom filters in ORC index for better row group pruning. { + loc = compareToRange((Comparable) predObj, minValue, maxValue);.You can find more information about bloom filters in the following sites: Wiki Article: A nice overview of the bloom filter Original Paper:.Bloom filter. Definition from Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Jump to:. Conceived by Burton Howard Bloom in 1970. Noun. Bloom filter (plural Bloom filters).
Edward Bloom proposed the Bloom filter in 1970. In the article, Bloom supposes there is an algorithm to hyphenate. ( _URL_ BloomFilter<E>. as described here: _URL_ Inspired by the SimpleBloomFilter-class written by Ian Clarke.
Python Bloom Filter download | SourceForge.net
What is a Bloom Filter? For any arbitrary set of keys, an algorithm may be applied to create a bit array called a Bloom filter. Given an arbitrary key, this bit array.A bloom filter is a probabilistic data structure that is based on hashing. It is extremely space efficient and is typically used to add elements to a set and test if.
bloom_filter_mod - stromberg.dnsalias.org
Subject: Re: [boost] Interest in a Bloom Filter? From: Dean Michael Berris (mikhailberis_at_. A Bloom Filter is a space efficient data-structure that allows you to.From: _URL_ the concept of a bloom filter is this bloom filter will be used to prevent the sending of rows from the 2nd rows.Enabling Bloom Filter to improve the overall throughput HBase supports Bloom Filter to improve the overall throughput of the cluster. A HBase Bloom Filter is a space.The example code shows the names of fifty US states stored in a 1000 bit bloom filter using 14. Bloom filters are much more impressive. loc=70; meta:min.These arrays are compact enough to fit entirely in the L1 or L2 caches on modern processors (for example the Intel Sandy Bridge processors have a 32Kb L1 data cache and a 256Kb L2 cache).Jason Davies Bloom Filters. Everyone is always raving about bloom filters. But what exactly are they, and what are they useful for? Operations. The basic bloom filter.


Discord Update Failed
Discord Update Failed – Best4 Methods To Fix Discord Update Failed Loop
Discord Update Loop Failed. How to fix Discord Update Failed in Mac? #1 Run as administrator, #2 Disable Windows Defender and Firewall
Introduction of discord update failed:
The Discord application is very popular and trending among the big gamers who use text, voice, and some kind of video chatting to communicate. There are a number of different platforms you can use, including Android, Mac, IOS, and Android systems. Using the software is simple for the user. There are no problems with installing or using it. The team behind Discord can create new features and update it constantly.
What is the reason of discord update failed?
Discord is a very sensitive and permission-able app that requires several permissions. As a result, the user can get conflicted with many other settings. Occasionally, a user or player will need to update his device or mobile in order to install any app. Then the user enters the permissions on his computer or gadget.
How can I fix the discord update failure loop error?
In the very simplest ways, there are many ways to fix this problem.
1: Run as administrator:
Here is the simplest way to fix Discord Update Failed and run the app as an administrator.
1. Open the run as administrator menu.
2: right-click on the discord icon on the user's computer or system and select "Run as administrator".
3: the dialog panel will be displayed and an option will be presented, and the user is required to select yes.
If the user is not able to update the Discord, then there must be some error in the system, the antivirus of the system must have been blocked, and if the user of the system is using any third-party software. A temporary shutdown of the system should then be attempted. If the user uses Windows 10, then he or she should try out the following method.
2: Disable Windows Defender:
Discord Update Failed error can also be fixed by disabling the Windows Defender system in the user's system and personal computer.
1:The user clicks on the start button and then chooses the settings for the computer
2: Next, the user should scroll down and choose the update and security settings.
3: The user should click the Windows button, then go to the security tab, and then select the virus & threat protection.
4: Next, click on Manage settings.
5:The user then turns the real-time protection toggle off.
6:The user then tries to install the update now.
Once the discord app is installed, the user does not forget to turn off real-time protection after the installation is completed.
3: Disable Firewall:
The user must disable the firewall on the system in order to disable Discord on the computer and device.
1: the user should type "firewall" into the search bar and click the open button.
2: then the user should turn on or off the windows defender firewall as needed.
3: The user must then uncheck the option to block all incoming connections within the Windows Defender firewall.
4: The user should then click the ok button and then install the update. The user should repeat all the above steps if the problem is not resolved.
The user should remember that renaming the update file will solve the problem if the discord update issue cannot be fixed.
4: Rename the update file:
The user must follow this method if Discord Update Failed and wants to remove the problems and errors with the discord update app.
1: The user clicks on the start button, presses R, and then selects Run under the Apps option.
2. The user types "%localappdata%" into the search box of the system and then presses Enter. The local App Data folder will appear on the screen.
3: then the user should double-click on the Discord folder in the window of the system.
4: the user can rename the update.exe file to update.exe.
5: The user then tries to understand the system now.
If the user does not approve the help, he can or must move the discord folder.
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text:
Organically grown Black Soybeans are soaked overnight and expertly cooked at Eden's certified organic and circle k kosher cannery. The best edible soybean, use just like any other bean. Delicious and versatile. 40 mg of healthy soy isoflavone nutrients per serving. Heart healthy, rich in dietary fiber and soy protein, and a good source of iron, vitamin A, magnesium, and zinc. Very low sodium with no salt added. The only low carb bean. Packed in bis phenol-A free cans.
Eden Organic Black Soybeans are organically grown on USA family farms by salt-of-the-earth farmers dedicated to building living soil and producing the best tasting and most nutritious food. They use no pesticides, herbicides, fungicides, or chemical fertilizers. Due to vital soil their much more mineral content and stronger skins allow them to be cooked without 'processing' chemicals.
Eden Organic Black Soybeans are expertly prepared at their certified organic, circle K Kosher cannery in east central Indiana. Beans are washed, soaked overnight and thoroughly cooked with water and a bit of kombu sea vegetable.You don't taste the kombu, but its natural glutamic acid softens and enhances the flavor of beans. All water that contacts Eden beans, for washing, soaking, and cooking, is purified water.
Eden Organic Black Soybeans are endlessly versatile and can be used like any other bean. They are delicious in salads, salsa, and soups.
Ingredients: Organic Black Soy Beans, Water, Kombu Seaweed.
Recommended Use: Black Soybeans Glycine max are the best edible soybean.They offer all of the nourishment of yellow soybeans and then some, including the isoflavone nutrients genistein, daidzein, and glycetein (total 40 mg per serving). Soybeans are unique among beans because they provide naturally occurring, healthy, unsaturated vegetable fat including essential fatty acids (EFAs). Eden Organic Black Soybeans provide 3.5 g poly unsaturated fat and 1.5 g mono unsaturated fat, with 360 mg omega 3, 2210 mg omega 6, and 1327 mg omega 9EFAs per 1/2 cup serving.
Eden Organic Beans are cooked in steel cans coated inside with a baked-on oleoresinous C-enamel that does not contain the endocrine disruptor bisphenol-A (BPA). Oleoresin is a natural mixture of an oil and a resin extracted from various plants, such as pine or balsam fir. These cans cost 14 percent more than industry standard cans that do contain BPA.
Nutrition Facts: per 1/2 Cup : Calories 120, Fat 6g, Saturated Fat 1 g, Trans Fat 0 g, Cholesterol 0 mg, Sodium 30 mg, Carbohydrate 8 g, Fiber 7 g, Sugar 1 g, Protein 11 g


text: Engineering problem solving requires both domain knowledge and an understanding of how to apply that knowledge. While much of the recent work in qualitative physics has focused on building reusable domain theories, there has been little attention paid to representing the control knowledge necessary for applying these models. This paper shows how qualitative representations and compositional modeling can be used to create control knowledge for solving engineering problems. This control knowledge includes modeling assumptions, plans and preferences. We describe an implemented system, called TPS (Thermodynamics Problem Solver) that illustrates the utility of these ideas in the domain of engineering thermodynamics. TPS to date has solved over 30 problems, and its solutions are similar to those of experts. We argue that our control vocabulary can be extended to most engineering problem solving domains, and employed in a wide variety of problem solving architectures.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Waterfall 202 - Splits with Hurdles Template
The Splits with Hurdles Template allows users to split distribution cash flow similar to the Split Template, but now adding in a hurdle rate to end the rule. The IMS system currently supports hurdles based on IRR, Equity Multiple, Return of Capital, and Preferred Return. The system will support multiple hurdles such as an IRR of 15% and an Equity Multiple of 1.80x.
Pre-Conditions For Use:
The Entity must have at least two Classes to split distribution cash flow.
Input Fields:
Percentage: Input the % of the available cash that will be directed to the first class
Class: Select the class that the % just input will correspond to
Distribution Method: Choose how the system should allocate the distributions between the investors within the selected class.
 - Pro-rata by Ownership: Most common choice. The amount distributed will be allocated according to each investor's class ownership percentage. If more than one class is being allocated to it will look to entity ownership.
 - Prorata by Unpaid Preferred Return: Typically, only appropriate for use with the preferred return template. The amount distributed will be allocated according to each investor's percentage of the total amount of unpaid preferred return. For example, if you are distributing $50,000 but $100,000 of preferred return is accrued total to all investors and John Smith has accrued $1000 (1%), he will be paid 1% of the total distribution amount, or $500.
 - Equal Distributions: if everyone receives the exact same amount (one off)
 - Total Amount: Generally, not recommended. Only to be used if there is only one investor, as it will allocate the total amount of the distribution to each investor.
Distribution Sub-Type: Select the bucket that best represents the cash flow (typically Excess Cash or Promote)
Assign Hurdle to Class: Select the Class(es) that will need to hit the hurdle before ending the rule
Hurdle: Select the appropriate Hurdle: IRR, Equity Multiple, Preferred Return ("its preferred return" will use the pre-set rate specified in class preferences "A preferred return" will allow you to specify a different rate), Return of Capital, or a specific percentage as applicable
Hurdle Rate: Input the applicable hurdle expressed as a percentage
Similar to the Splits Template without hurdles, you can add additional classes to the template by selecting the + button to the right of the splits. You can also have multiple hurdles if you select the plus button. Typical combinations include an IRR Hurdle and Equity Multiple. Once the Class that the Hurdle is tied to has met the required threshold, the system will go on to the next rule.
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Sales Cycle - The Timeline From Making Contact With A Prospect To Finalizing The Sale
Sales Cycle
What is the definition of a sales cycle? A sales cycle is the time from when a salesperson first makes contact with a prospect to the moment when a sale is made or finalized. For example, if a copier sales rep makes a cold call from a list of prospects and reaches one, that is the start of the sales cycle. When she finalizes the deal and makes delivery of the copier that is the end of the sales cycle. The time in between the initial cold call and delivery is the sales cycle.
How long should a sales cycle be? That is a question that cannot be answered without including dozens of other variables. A sales cycle could be one day, or it could be one year or more; it all depends on the industry, the market, the individuals involved, and dozens of other factors.
As a general rule, the larger the deal or the more complicated the product or service, the longer the sales cycle will be. A tire salesman selling tires could go through multiple sales cycles a day, whereas a firm engaged in say, million dollar deals with the government, will face many more challenges, including tendering to RFPs (request for proposals), sales presentations, and reports; a sales cycle like this could last for months or even years.
It is a goal of many sales organizations to move propects through sales cycles as quick as possible. The more efficient the sales cycle, the more prospects will go through, the more sales that will be made. More sales equals more revenue. Thus, an efficient sales cycle provides benefits for the organization and many organizations provide sales training for their staff to help them improve their own personal sales cycle with their cliants and prospects.
A sales cycle is sometimes also referred to as the gestation period.


How to Use a Laptop Dell ePSA Error Code to Solve the Problem?
Understanding ePSA Codes
The ePSA codes are a set of information that tell the user about errors in the computer system. The ePSA error code is basically a number that contains the error information.
Various error codes are different explanations and solutions. If you have no idea about the ePSA error codes, or if not a will is found, it is advisable to consult the technical support phone number from Dell.
You can also talk to computer professionals by 4210 _PHONE_ choose.
CPU error
The error code for this problem is ePSA 2000-0111. This is a problem that appears on the computer's motherboard. Moreover, it causes the processing unit to malfunction.
Update your system BIOS
If the update does not help, replace the motherboard or processor.
Computer battery error
Here, the error code is ePSA is 2000-0131; This involves the malfunction of the system battery. To resolve this issue, you must turn off the computer. Make sure the system power source is turned off.
Open the box of your computer and throw the battery
Replace the battery in place. Even if the error still exists, then replace the battery and pull your service account number.
The failure of the hard disk (HDD)
The error code is now ePSA 2000-0141, it is certainly a hard drive failure. Even if the hard disk is inserted correctly, yet can not be read by the system. This error occurs if no hard disk is installed.
If you have a laptop, then put only the hard disk. If you have a desktop computer, connect the data cable and power cable to the hard disk.
If the above solution does not work, replace the hard drive. If you still have the problem, do not hesitate to call the toll free number.
The error of the optical drive
Another common problem is the optical drive, the error code for this problem is ePSA In this scenario, insert you the 2000 to 0147th whenever a CD in the optical drive, the drive fails to read the disc. Turn off the computer to avoid any electrical connection
Identify faulty optical drive and unplug the device and the connections and wires. If the optical drive still shows an error, then call the customer support number for further assistance.
Understanding patterns beep AMI
If the code AMI beep is short, then this can lead to DRAM failure. During the three short beeps occur if a RAM error. Moreover, the failure timer system is connected with four short beeps. Examine the technical support number for assistance.
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ueBuilder Sets the text for this value and clears any existing text style.
setTextStyle(startOffset, endOffset, textStyle) RichTextValueBuilder Applies a text style to the given substring of this value.
setTextStyle(textStyle) RichTextValueBuilder Applies a text style to the entire value.
Selection
メソッド
Method Return type Brief description
getActiveRange() Range Returns the selected range in the active sheet, or null if there is no active range.
getActiveRangeList() RangeList Returns the list of active ranges in the active sheet or null if there are no active ranges.
getActiveSheet() Sheet Returns the active sheet in the spreadsheet.
getCurrentCell() Range Returns the current (highlighted) cell that is selected in one of the active ranges or null if there is no current cell.
getNextDataRange(direction) Range Starting from the next data cell while still covering the current cell.
Sheet
メソッド
Method Return type Brief description
activate() Sheet Activates this sheet.
addDeveloperMetadata(key) Sheet Adds developer metadata with the specified key to the sheet.
addDeveloperMetadata(key, visibility) Sheet Adds developer metadata with the specified key and visibility to the sheet.
addDeveloperMetadata(key, value) Sheet Adds developer metadata with the specified key and value to the sheet.
addDeveloperMetadata(key, value, visibility) Sheet Adds developer metadata with the specified key, value, and visibility to the sheet.
appendRow(rowContents) Sheet Appends a row to the spreadsheet.
autoResizeColumn(columnPosition) Sheet Sets the width of the given column to fit its contents.
autoResizeColumns(startColumn, numColumns) Sheet Sets the width of all columns starting at the given column position to fit their contents.
autoResizeRows(startRow, numRows) Sheet Sets the height of all rows starting at the given row position to fit their contents.
clear() Sheet Clears the sheet of content and formatting information.
clear(options) Sheet Clears the sheet of contents and/or format, as specified with the given advanced options.
clearConditionalFormatRules() void Removes all conditional format rules from the sheet.
clearContents() Sheet Clears the sheet of contents, while preserving formatting information.
clearFormats() Sheet Clears the sheet of formatting, while preserving contents.
clearNotes() Sheet Clears the sheet of all notes.
collapseAllColumnGroups() Sheet Collapses all column groups on the sheet.
collapseAllRowGroups() Sheet Collapses all row groups on the sheet.
copyTo(spreadsheet) Sheet Copies the sheet to a given spreadsheet, which can be the same spreadsheet as the source.
createDeveloperMetadataFinder() DeveloperMetadataFinder Returns a DeveloperMetadataFinder for finding developer metadata within the scope of this sheet.
createTextFinder(findText) TextFinder Creates a text finder for the sheet, which can find and replace text within the sheet.
deleteColumn(columnPosition) Sheet Deletes the column at the given column position.
deleteColumns(columnPosition, howMany) void Deletes a number of columns starting at the given column position.
deleteRow(rowPosition) Sheet Deletes the row at the given row position.
deleteRows(rowPosition, howMany) void Deletes a number of rows starting at the given row position.
expandAllColumnGroups() Sheet Expands all column groups on the sheet.
expandAllRowGroups() Sheet Expands all row groups on the sheet.
expandColumnGroupsUpToDepth(groupDepth) Sheet Expands all column groups up to the given depth, and collapses all others.
expandRowGroupsUpToDepth(groupDepth) Sheet Expands all row groups up to the given depth, and collapses all others.
getActiveCell() Range Returns the active cell in this sheet.
getActiveRange() Range Returns the selected range in the active sheet, or null if there is no active range.
getActiveRangeList() RangeList Returns the list of active ranges in the active sheet or null if there are no active ranges.
getBandings() Banding[] Returns all the bandings in this sheet.
getCharts() EmbeddedChart[] Returns an array of charts on this sheet.
getColumnGroup(columnIndex, groupDepth) Group Returns the column group at the given index and group depth.
getColumnGroupControlPosition() GroupControlTogglePosition Returns the GroupControlTogglePosition for all column groups on the sheet.
getColumnGroupDepth(columnIndex) Integer Returns the group depth of the column at the given index.
getColumnWidth(columnPosition) Integer Gets the width in pixels of the given column.
getConditionalFormatRules() ConditionalFormatRule[] Get all conditional format rules in this sheet.
getCurrentCell() Range Returns the current cell in the active sheet or null if there is no current cell.
getDataRange() Range Returns a Range corresponding to the dimensions in which data is present.
getDataSourceTables() DataSourceTable[] Gets all the data source tables.
getDeveloperMetadata() DeveloperMetadata[] Get all developer metadata associated with this sheet.
getFilter() Filter Returns the filter in this sheet, or null if there is no filter.
getFormUrl() String Returns the URL for the form that sends its responses to this sheet, or null if this sheet has no associated form.
getFrozenColumns() Integer Returns the number of frozen columns.
getFrozenRows() Integer Returns the number of frozen rows.
getImages() OverGridImage[] Returns all over-the-grid images on the sheet.
getIndex() Integer Gets the position of the sheet in its parent spreadsheet.
getLastColumn() Integer Returns the position of the last column that has content.
getLastRow() Integer Returns the position of the last row that has content.
getMaxColumns() Integer Returns the current number of columns in the sheet, regardless of content.
getMaxRows() Integer Returns the current number of rows in the sheet, regardless of content.
getName() String Returns the name of the sheet.
getNamedRanges() NamedRange[] Gets all the named ranges in this sheet.
getParent() Spreadsheet Returns the Spreadsheet that contains this sheet.
getPivotTables() PivotTable[] Returns all the pivot tables on this sheet.
getProtections(type) Protection[] Gets an array of objects representing all protected ranges in the sheet, or a single-element array representing the protection on the sheet itself.
getRange(row, column) Range Returns the range with the top left cell at the given coordinates.
getRange(row, column, numRows) Range Returns the range with the top left cell at the given coordinates, and with the given number of rows.
getRange(row, column, numRows, numColumns) Range Returns the range with the top left cell at the given coordinates with the given number of rows and columns.
getRange(a1Notation) Range Returns the range as specified in A1 notation or R1C1 notation.
getRangeList(a1Notations) RangeList Returns the RangeList collection representing the ranges in the same sheet specified by a non-empty list of A1 notations or R1C1 notations.
getRowGroup(rowIndex, groupDepth) Group Returns the row group at the given index and group depth.
getRowGroupControlPosition() GroupControlTogglePosition Returns the GroupControlTogglePosition for all row groups on the sheet.
getRowGroupDepth(rowIndex) Integer Returns the group depth of the row at the given index.
getRowHeight(rowPosition) Integer Gets the height in pixels of the given row.
getSelection() Selection Returns the current Selection in the spreadsheet.
getSheetId() Integer Returns the ID of the sheet represented by this object.
getSheetName() String Returns the sheet name.
getSheetValues(startRow, startColumn, numRows, numColumns) Object[][] Returns the rectangular grid of values for this range starting at the given coordinates.
getSlicers() Slicer[] Returns an array of slicers on the sheet.
getTabColor() String Gets the sheet tab color, or null if the sheet tab has no color.
getTabColorObject() Color Gets the sheet tab color, or null if the sheet tab has no color.
getType() SheetType Returns the type of the sheet.
hasHiddenGridlines() Boolean Returns true if the sheet's gridlines are hidden; otherwise returns false.
hideColumn(column) void Hides the columns in the given range.
hideColumns(columnIndex


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Code Blue, Code Blue!
The phrase, "Brr! It's cold out there" doesn't even begin to describe how ice, cold the wind feels this Monday morning, especially when it hits your bare skin. Philadelphia and Montgomery Counties are under a Code Blue Cold Emergency until Monday at noon; this is based off a review of weather forecasts from the National Weather Service.
If the temperature and wind chill is 20 degrees or below, a Code Blue is called. When a Code Blue is called it means the weather conditions are severe enough to cause serious harm or even death for those individuals without a warm place to go and get inside.
Sunshine will break through Monday afternoon, but the temperature will hang in the 30s; the low of the day is 19 degrees and the high is 35, according to Meteorologist Dave Warren.
Here's a look at Meteorologist, Dave Warren's Forecast:
Tuesday and Wednesday:
A storm developing across the southeast will bring in warmer air and some rain. Temperature will continue to warm up Tuesday night and Wednesday with rain developing Tuesday evening and becoming heavy at times on Wednesday. Tuesday's High: 50, Wednesday's high: 60.
The rain will end as cold air moves back into the area. There is a storm which could slow how quickly it dries out so a period of snow is possible. As the snow and rain end it will become windy and cold again.


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January 29, 2013
Strategies for learning student name
UWF promotes itself as student-centered institution "where the buildings have numbers and the students have names." Continued growth and larger class sizes create challenges to faculty who want to maintain this commitment to student engagement. Learning a student's name makes that student feel valued. Small changes that improve the sense of community in a class can make a big difference for student engagement and learning
Barbara Millis collected strategies used by several colleagues to help them learn the names of their students and build a sense of rapport and community in their classes.
Seating charts: Divide and conquer
If your class is small enough, you can use a seating chart to help learn student names. Instructors can assign seats or make a chart based on seats that students select during the first week of class. Students are fairly territorial about their seats and sit in the same location all term when seats are not assigned. Divide your seating charts into blocks with no more than 6 students per block. Work on learning the names of the 6 students in one block during each class session. Make a point of visiting with the students in a new block during class. Once you learn the names of students in one block, include them in your visits with student in the next block to keep names you've learned fresh in memory. (Dee Fink)
Create an office hours visit assignment for your course
Require students to visit you during office hours during the first two or three weeks of the term, even if the visit is limited to only a few minutes. You might not learn all student names during these one-on-one visits, but an early break-the-ice visit ensures that students can locate your office and encourages them to arrange content-focused visits later in the term. This strategy is especially useful in classes with large first-year enrollments. Many first-year students are naïve about the expectations of academic life and are reluctant to intrude on faculty during their office hours. They may benefit from an extra push to engage in a one-on-one conversation with an instructor. (Gerry Wojnar)
Use student's names when you talk to them, even if you have to ask their name first
We frequently recognize the names of our students when we see or hear their names. We might recognize many of our students' faces, but have difficulty connecting names to faces. When a student visits your office or you see one of your students outside class, greet the student by name (if you know it), or ask "please remind me of your name" (if you don't know it). When you use the student's name, students love this confirmation that you know them. If you don't know the student's name, request it and use it during your conversation. You will show the student that you care enough to try to learn and use students' names. Students appreciate your effort. Both strategies build rapport with students. (Susan Robison)
Ask students to make and use name tents during class
In smaller classes, you can ask students to print their name in large letters on name tents and place the name tents on their desk. You and other students can then read their names and associate names with faces. Make a point of using names when you call on students during class. Gradually, you will learn names and rely less on reading the names from the tents. (Kejing Liu & Susan Robison).
Use student photos in the ClassMate roster to associate names with faces
Print a copy of the roster with student photos and bring this to class during the first week and during exams. In the early weeks, you might use the roster to call on students and compare their appearance in class with the roster photo. Bring the roster to an early exam and see if you can match students in the class with their names by comparing their photo to their appearance that day. This also deters wandering eyes during the exam. (Susan Robison)
This tip is based on a teaching strategy submitted to the Teaching Issues Writing Consortium by Barbara Millis, Teaching and Learning Center, University of Texas at San Antonio (_URL_
WKU Writer's Consortium
March 22, 2011
Improve classroom dynamics through inclusion: Use the Classmate photo roster to connect names with faces and call on students by name
Learning student names at the start of a new semester can be challenging. Many students decide to attend a regional comprehensive university like the University of West Florida rather than a large university because they expect that the smaller class sizes and lower student-faculty ratios at UWF will increase their ability to get to know and interact with faculty. They may be disappointed if they attend class regularly, participate occasionally, and find that their instructor still does not know their name. When faculty can recognize students and recall their names when calling on them during class or during out-of-class conversations, students feel a stronger sense of community and inclusion in the class. The classroom dynamic may also improve, fostering more frequent participation and student engagement.
The class rosters available through Classmate now include student photos. These photos can work as handy tools to aid instructors in learning and recalling student names. Learning the names of many students in a large enrollment class can be a daunting task. Make this task more manageable by creating small groups of students and learning the names of students in one group at a time. Usually one page from the Classmate roster prints approximately five or six student faces and names, which should be a manageable number for one day. Limit your study to one page of student photos on any given day.
Open one page of the roster at the lectern during class (or bring a printed copy of the page) and scan the audience as class discussion gets underway. Search for the faces of students in the group on your page and call on these students by name during class. At the end of the class, return to the photos in the roster and rehearse the faces and names of these students once more to reinforce your memory. Prior to the next class session, review these faces and names. Once you are familiar with the names and faces of students in this group, select a new page in the roster and focus on this new set of students during class. Gradually, you will be able to match the names and faces of a large number of your students.
Thanks to Michelle Hale Williams, Government & Political Science, University of West Florida, for this suggestion.
December 4, 2007
Students feel more engaged when faculty know students' names, but learning the names of many students can be difficult.
Bring a digital camera to class at the start of the term and photograph students in groups of 3 or 4, holding a sheet of paper with their name. You can review these photos from time to time to connect names and faces.
Some students may object to being photographed. To avoid potential conflicts, explain to students that participation in this activity is entirely voluntary, the materials will only be used by you to help you learn their names, and photos will be destroyed at the end of the semester.
To report errors and/or broken links on the CUTLA website, please contact us at _EMAIL_.
Center for University Teaching, Learning, and Assessment | Bldg. 53, Room 208 | 11000 University Pkwy. | Pensacola, FL 32514 | USA | _PHONE_ | Campus Map | Text Only | Site map

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Solving Van der Pol equation with ivp_solve
Van der Pol's differential equation is
The equation describes a system with nonlinear damping, the degree of nonlinearity given by μ. If μ = 0 the system is linear and undamped, but as μ increases the strength of the nonlinearity increases. We will plot the phase portrait for the solution to Van der Pol's equation in Python using SciPy's new ODE solver ivp_solve.
The function ivp_solve does not solve second-order systems of equations directly. It solves systems of first-order equations, but a second-order differential equation can be recast as a pair of first-order equations by introducing the first derivative as a new variable.
\begin{align*} {dx \over dt} &= y \\ {dy \over dt}&= \mu(1-x^2)y -x \\ \end{align*}
Since y is the derivative of x, the phase portrait is just the plot of (x, y).
Phase portait of Van der Pol oscillator
If μ = 0, we have a simple harmonic oscillator and the phase portrait is simply a circle. For larger values of μ the solutions enter limiting cycles, but the cycles are more complicated than just circles. These limiting cycles are periodic attractors: every non-trivial solution converges to the limit cycle.
Here's the Python code that made the plot.
from scipy import linspace
from scipy.integrate import solve_ivp
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
def vdp(t, z):
 x, y = z
a, b = 0, 10
mus = [0, 1, 2]
styles = ["-", "--", ":"]
t = linspace(a, b, 500)
for mu, style in zip(mus, styles):
 sol = solve_ivp(vdp, [a, b], [1, 0], t_eval=t)
 plt.plot(sol.y[0], sol.y[1], style)
# make a little extra horizontal room for legend
plt.legend([f"$\mu={m}$" for m in mus])
To plot the solutions as a function of time, rather than plotting phase portraits, change the line
 plt.plot(sol.t, sol.y[0], style)
and comment out the line setting xlim This gives the following plot.
Van der Pol oscillator solutions as a function of time
More dynamical system posts
One thought on "Solving Van der Pol equation with ivp_solve
 1. I think you would be amazed at the applications that rely on the assessment of the damping characteristics of a system. Although I am a simply geotechnical engineer who focuses on soil and rock, we still study the damping and amplification of natural materials affected by earthquake and blast induced vibrations, and so many others. The ralated post on mechanical vibrations that is referenced is more familar to me, as the same equations are used to design foundations to support oscillating equipment, such as a ball mill in a ore processing plant at a mine or a generator in a hydroelectric powerhouse. Absolutely fascinating stuff!!!
 Thanks for all the great posts in 2019! Have a great holiday season!
 Can't wait to see what you have to share in 2020!!!
Leave a Reply


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Other High-Rise Fires
Fires have never collapsed skyscrapers.
The 100+ year history of steel frame high-rise buildings
provides a number of documented examples of
skyscrapers subjected to severe fires.
- 1991 One Meridian Plaza fire in Philadelphia
- Raged for 18 hours
- Gutted 8 floors of the 38-floor building
- 1988 First Interstate Bank Building fire in Los Angeles
- Burned out of control for 3-1/2 hours
- Gutted 4 floors of the 64-floor tower
- Burned low in building
Both fires exhibited:
- large emergent flames
- extensive ongoing window breakage
- blazes filling entire floors
Neither fire damaged the support columns of these buildings.
Report by Iklim Ltd. describes damage in the Los Angeles fire:
In spite of the total burnout of four and a half floors,
there was no damage to the main structural members
and only minor damage to one secondary beam
and a small number of floor pans.
These fires were much worse than those in the Twin Towers or Building 7.
Neither fire significantly damaged any vertical steel columns.


GABA (gamma amino butyric acid)
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Top Wrinkle Creams Compared.
GABA, or gamma amino butyric acid, is a muscle-relaxant that's most often found in over-the-counter anti-anxiety supplements and pills. The philosophy behind the use of GABA as an anti wrinkle skin care product is similar to that of Argireline or BOTOX® injections - that it will help to relax the muscles in the face that cause some wrinkles.
What is GABA?
Gama-aminobutyric acid, commonly called GABA, is an amino acid that acts as a neurotransmitter in your central nervous system. In order for the brain to function properly, GABA must be present. The body manufactures its own supply by combining glucose with the amino acid glutamine. GABA seems to work as a natural calming agent in the brain and body.
Researchers theorize that GABA naturally stimulates the anterior pituitary gland to secrete higher levels of Human Growth Hormone (HGH). Because HGH is far too complex and delicate a molecule to deliver through oral supplements, some people believe that GABA supplementation will help them increase their HGH levels.
But what does this have to do with wrinkles? Read on to find out.
What does GABA do?
GABA aids in wrinkle reduction and removal by relaxing those muscles of the face that remain tense, creating certain types of wrinkles. It is applied topically to those parts of the face where wrinkles are present.
Is GABA an effective anti wrinkle ingredient?
The jury's still out on GABA's effectiveness. There's a big hole in the logic used in many anti wrinkle skin care products, and that is this: that things that make good and effective oral supplements (such as antioxidants) also work well when applied topically. In fact, GABA and other compounds must be tested topically to insure that they work as intended.
In addition, there's no good way to target the effects of GABA on or under the skin.
We recommend sticking to anti wrinkle products whose ingredients have been proven to have a positive effect on wrinkles.
Anti wrinkle products that contain GABA
BOTOX® is a registered trademark of Allergan, Inc.
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text:
O wild and sacred Ibis,
Long beaked bird of the Nile,
Now home on the marsh of Macquarie
0 bird with such elegant style.
Black, white and straw-necked,
Gathering where the waters drain;
Probing the teeming, living mud,
Cheek by jowl with the night crane.
O glorious morning in Australia free,
Warm and dry and a pale blue sky,
Cotton wool clouds in white pattern
Lives Ibis the bird of winged fraternity.
Far from the land of the Pharaohs,
Yet sharing the gypsy life-style,
Land of Australia, land that is free
Is home to the Ibis, bird of the Nile


text:
Hello to all,
Does anybody again to share about my new project.
We have 3 drums of welding cable and rotating with each 3 platforms (little bigger than drum dia.). Each drum cable goes into the 3 welding tips respectively. Now, Operators want to know the remaining welding cables inside each drum. The operators remind the machine that it cannot start again once remaining cables are less than to complete one whole welding cycle.
Are there any other sensors to monitor the welding cables inside the drum? Aside, I am planning to put load cell/strain gauge in each platform to measure the weight of the drum. Is my approach correct?
Please give me some ideas about how to measure these drums. Those people in welding industries
will be much appreciated.
Thanks in advance,
I assume that you mean the electrode wire, and not the shunt cable. It is difficult to give a realistic answer without knowing the mechanical parameters in more detail.
However, sensing wire feed is a common application. The most straight forward methods all rely on the length of wire between the spool and the work piece being enough for at least one part. Thus, when the spool itself runs out, there is still enough wire in the system to finish the part. This means you are not trying to measure the wire while it is still on the spool. Instead you are detecting it after it has left the spool (which is much more practical to do).
You then just need to detect either if the wire is present, or if it is moving. Detecting the wire itself reliably is usually not easy. It is usually better to have the motion of the wire turn or move something else (e.g. around a pulley or between a wheel and pinch roller), and then detect that. This also tells you if the wire is broken or jammed somewhere in the system (the wire is not moving when it should be). You will need to make the logic tolerant of timing lags in the system or else you will get a lot of false triggers.
I doubt that weighing the spools would work. There just isn't enough weight difference between "almost empty" and "empty" to weigh accurately. Furthermore, you won't know what that particular spool weighs empty until you actually empty (at which time it is too late to care).
Hello Mr. Griffin,
Your idea is very much appreciated.
Yes, I am reffering to the welding electrodes rotating inside the invisible drums (not a naked spool which also commonly seen and used).
To add some flow of the process, we are welding for a 11 meters long max. continues welding with no stopping between 0-11 meters.
Otherwise repairs will be done and considered downgraded products if not properly repaired.
We are to avoid stopping between 0-11 meters without knowing electrodes present in the drum. Operators should know or automatilcally determine electrodes present in the drum that it is not possible for a complete 1 cycle (0-11 meters) welding. Otherwise change the drum if detects less than 1 complete cycle.
Welding speed, voltage, amperes base on the thickness welded object may affect the lenght of the electrodes. Distance from the drum to the welding tip is 20 meters and I assure this is not possible for a 1 complete welding cycle proceess.
I might be grateful if this will be done,
You might try the simple approach first. Have the controller count how many meters are used. Add to your interface a reset for a new spool or where the new spool meters are entered manually. Then have the control count down or subtract how much you used plus a safety factor, and you shouldn't be having to do rework. You could add a manual input for operators in the event they waste the wire on start up, wire breaks, etc.
Just a thought for a simple approach.
The first parameter you have to determine is how much wire is enough. If 20 metres of wire isn't enough, then what is?
You might consider modifying the feed system such that it gives you more length between the spool and the work piece. You could move the spools further away, or (likely more practical) you could run the wire through some guides to zig-zag it back and forth.
Alternatively, you could try weighing the spools as in your original idea, but I think you will end up throwing out a lot of wire at the end of the spool to avoid the risk of running out. Weighing the wire simply won't be as accurate as actually measuring it.
It is not really possible to make a recommendation though, as this comes down to a matter of economics. Your application is a bit unusual in that the length of your continuous weld is much longer than in typical manufacturing. In most applications people want to avoid wasting wire. You however have to balance a more complex feed system (and more time to change spools) versus wasting wire versus scrapping what sounds like a large and expensive part.


History of Peridot
Peridot is the birthstone for August. The gemstone is one of only a few gemstones that occur in only one color, an olive green.
St. Albans Abbey
The intensity and tint of the green, depends on the amount of iron contained in the crystal structure.
Because of its green tint, peridot is often mistaken for emerald.
The first known mention of the gemstone in English dates back to 1705. A translation was made that year from the St. Albans Abbey, which kept it's records in Latin.
The record stated that in 1245, Bishop John bequeathed various items including peridot to the Abbey.
The Middle English Dictionary provides several spellings for the gem, including periodt, peritot, pelidod, and pilidod.
Assigning a gemstone to each birth month originated in 18th Century Poland. The current list of gemstones has not changed since 1912.


text:
How to Make an Ansoff Matrix in PowerPoint 2010
Ansoff Product-Market Matrix is a matrix widely used as a business tool that helps businesses decide their product and market growth strategy. Ansoff's product/market growth matrix suggests that a business' attempts to grow depend on whether it markets new or existing products in new or existing markets.
In PowerPoint we can design an Ansoff Matrix using shapes. We will see below how to make a simple Ansoff Matrix in PowerPoint 2010, and later you will be able to download a free Ansoff PowerPoint template.
First, we start inserting a new rectangular shape. We can duplicate this shape three more times to design the matrix. Also, you can add textbox labels for Existing Products, New Products, Existing Market and New Markets.
Now, we will add the labels inside each matrix quadrant in PowerPoint. As you can see below, we have used an oval shape for this purpose, but you can do it with other shape. Duplicate the oval shape several times and then edit the text inside the shape (right click over the oval shape to edit text) to add the four matrix outputs.
Finally we get an Ansoff Matrix like in the slide below. We can then group this matrix to make a grouped shape or just change the style and colors.
Looking at the matrix we can see series of suggested growth strategies that set the direction for the business strategy or corporate maps. The matrix outputs are:
- Market penetration. Market penetration is the name given to a growth strategy where the business focuses on selling existing products into existing markets. Market penetration seeks to achieve four main objectives:
- Market development. Market development is the name given to a growth strategy where the business seeks to sell its existing products into new markets.
- Product development. Product development is the name given to a growth strategy where a business aims to introduce new products into existing markets. This strategy may require the development of new competencies and requires the business to develop modified products which can appeal to existing markets.
- Diversification. Diversification is the name given to the growth strategy where a business markets new products in new markets. This is an inherently more risk strategy because the business is moving into markets in which it has little or no experience.
If you need to download business matrix for PowerPoint presentations like Ansoff Matrix or other Product or Market matrix, you can download free PowerPoint templates for business presentations.


XmMultiListToggleRow man page
XmMultiListToggleRow — An MultiList function that toggles the selection state of a specified row
Synopsis
#include <Xm/MultiList.h>
void XmMultiListToggleRow(
Widget widget,
short row);
Description
XmMultiListToggleRow toggles the selection state of a row designated by row argument of the passed MultiList widget.
widget
Specifies the ID of the MultiList from whose list an item is unselected.
row
Specified the number of row to toggle.
For a complete definition of MultiList and its associated resources, see XmMultiList(3).
Referenced By
XmMultiList(3).


text:
In this article, we'll focus on the changes being proposed to the Class 4b formula, with specific attention paid to the way our Class 4b formula accounts for the value of the whey stream generated as part of the cheese-making process.
In order to fully comprehend the California minimum price formula for milk sold to cheese plants, we need a basic understanding of how the milk is utilized by these plants. To assist in that, CDFA has created a "Simplified Flowchart of a Cheese Plant with By-Product Processing."
You can find it at right or at: _URL_ While each cheese plant is unique, this flowchart captures the basic utilization of raw milk by a plant processing cheese and whey products.
As you can see on the flowchart, during the course of the cheese-making process, the curds and whey are separated, with the curds further processed into the different varieties of cheese. The whey stream is also available to be further processed, with the whey cream able to be skimmed from the whey stream and churned into whey butter.
The flowchart shows that cheese plants can also take the whey skim and further process it into products like whey protein concentrate, lactose or skim whey powder (often referred to as "dry whey").
In past CDFA hearings, testimony from the state's cheese-makers pointed out that not every plant has the infrastructure to process their whey stream. In 2008, CDFA released data on this issue, showing that while only 14 of the 61 plants operating in California at that time processed their whey stream, those 14 plants represented almost 90 percent of the volume of milk being purchased by our cheese plants.
So it's fair to say that while some of the smaller cheese plants in the state (many of whom are likely making a specialty cheese that receives a premium over cheddar cheese in the market) are not processing their whey stream, a vast majority of our milk sold to cheese plants is being processed into various whey products.
So why is this important?
The reason we need to understand how milk is used by processors is because in California (as well as in Federal Order areas), we've chosen to set our minimum milk prices using an "end-product pricing system."
That means in order to determine the minimum prices producers must be paid for their milk, we start with the value of the dairy products being made (butter, nfdm, cheese and dry whey) and work backwards.
A little history
Prior to 2003, the California Class 4b formula did not account for the value of dry whey when calculating the minimum price paid by cheese plants. But starting in April 2003, the Class 4b formula was amended to include a "dry whey factor."
That original formula to determine the dry whey factor was:
Dry Whey Factor = (Dairy Market News' "Western" Dry Whey Price MINUS a "Make Allowance" of $0.17 per lb.) TIMES a "Yield" of 5.8 (The "yield" of 5.8 accounts for the fact that CDFA estimated that 5.8 lbs of dry whey could be manufactured from 100 lbs of standardized raw milk.)
From 2003 until 2007, that formula was amended by CDFA twice through their hearing process, with both amendments resulting in a higher make allowance for dry whey (first it was increased to $0.20 per lb in 2005, then again increased to $0.267 per lb in 2006).
In 2007, after dry whey values that spring/summer had shot up above $0.80 per lb (which added more than $3 per hundredweight to the Class 4b minimum price during those months), CDFA held another hearing and decided to remove the formula used to calculate the "Dry Whey Factor," and instead assigned a constant value of $0.25 per hundredweight (cwt) as the "Dry Whey Factor."
That's what has been in place since December 2007.
At the same time, the Federal Orders have maintained a variable "Dry Whey Factor" using a formula similar to the California formula referenced above:
Other Solids Price = (NASS Dry whey price MINUS a "Make Allowance" of $0.1991 per lb) TIMES a moisture adjustment of 1.03 TIMES a "Yield" of 5.9
One of the most notable differences between this Federal Order dry whey factor and the pre-2007 formula used in California is the substantial difference in Make Allowances (the Federal Order make allowance from 2003 – present has ranged from $0.159 to $0.1991 per lb, while the California make allowance ranged from $0.17 to $0.267 per lb).
This is an issue that warrants a larger article by itself, so I won't go into those points right now.
The main point being focused on now is that for the past 42 months, California's "dry whey factor" has been a constant $0.25 per cwt, while the Federal Order "dry whey factor" has ranged from ($0.26) to $1.79 per cwt (that's right … when the price of dry whey is below the make allowance level, the Federal Order formula – as well as the pre-2007 California formula – has a negative dry whey factor).
With dry whey values escalating in recent months above $0.50 per lb, the gap between the California dry whey factor and the Federal Order dry whey factor is at its highest point in recent years – a difference of $1.54 per cwt in May 2011.
This difference between how California dairy families and their counterparts in Federal Order areas are paid for the value of the whey stream creates two major problems. For starters, the state is currently out of compliance with the California Food and Agricultural Code, which specifically states that: "… formulas shall be reasonably calculated to result in prices that are in a reasonable and sound economic relationship with the national value of manufactured milk products."
It's difficult to comprehend how California can be in a "reasonable and sound economic relationship" with the national value of manufactured milk products when it has a Class 4b formula that has a dry whey factor ranging from $0.51 higher to $1.54 lower than a comparable pricing formula used throughout most of the country.
Secondly, and of equal importance, is the difficulty this difference creates in participating in risk management strategies. The risk management tools available for milk sold to cheese plants use the Federal Order Class III minimum price to settle on.
But as you can see, the California Class 4b formula doesn't track well with the Federal Order Class III price, particularly in recent years, largely due to the differences in how the whey stream is valued.
For example, in the 42 months since California went to a flat $0.25 per cwt dry whey factor, the average difference between the Federal Order Class III price and the California Class 4b price has been $0.85 per cwt (that is, the Class III price has been $0.85 higher than the Class 4b price).
If that were the case month-in-month-out, you could adjust your risk management strategy to account for that. But the reality has been that the California 4b price has ranged from $0.80 per cwt higher (February 2009) than the Federal Order Class III price all the way to $2.64 per cwt lower (March 2011).
Milk Producers Council and other producer organizations have proposed alternatives to CDFA aimed at narrowing the gap between the California and Federal Order dry whey factors. While those alternatives have been rejected by CDFA in the past, this upcoming hearing presents another opportunity to make the case to CDFA.
The upcoming CDFA hearing on June 30/July 1
Land O'Lakes has put together a proposal for the upcoming hearing that attempts to address this huge gap between the California and Federal Order dry whey valuations. So stay tuned … PD
—Excerpts from Milk Producers Council Friday Market Update newsletter


Can you eat a baby pig?
Can you eat a baby pig?
In culinary contexts, a suckling pig is slaughtered between the ages of two and six weeks. It is traditionally cooked whole, often roasted, in various cuisines. The meat from suckling pig is pale and tender and the cooked skin is crisp and can be used for pork rinds.
How can you tell how old a pig is?
Crowing. Shape and behavior are a good way to tell the age of a piglet. Young pigs have large heads and eyes, little fat, and small, thin legs. As they age they will get thicker skin, more wiry hair and more fat on their body.
What can I feed my baby pig?
What is poisonous to pigs?
READ: Which part of the brain controls emotions?
What do pet pigs like to play with?
Many use play pit balls, river rocks, large stones, stuffed animals, an assortment of toys, blankets, newspaper, anything your pig can search through will work fine.
Do pigs like hugs?
Pigs can be extremely affectionate as well. Some pigs are better at showing affection than others, but don't let the poker faces of pigs like our Pumpkin trick you. She isn't fooling anyone by at first laying just out of reach.
Do pigs like to be held?
Generally, pigs do not like to be held or picked up. 1 When a pig feels threatened, they will squeal loudly. 4 Even though you may be trying to pick up a baby pig to cuddle, the baby pig may be scared and squeal. Once your pig is used to being handled and scratched, try to entice them to sit in your lap.
How do you punish a mini pig?
Here is a step-by-step guide of how to confront aggressive behaviour in your pet:
 1. Gently Hold Your Pig's Mouth Closed – By first petting your pig, you can get them comfortable as you hold their mouth closed.
 2. Create the Situation – Pigs will often snap or bite at you in reaction to the same event.
How do you befriend a pig?
Pigs will usually approach you on their own and when they do, make sure you do not surprise them with a sudden touch or loud voice. Just stay calm and they will be calm too. Even so, in case your first meeting went wrong and you ended up scaring them, it is okay to keep trying until you win over their affection.
READ: How do I get an EIN number in CT?
Why do baby pigs nudge you?
They can nip or lunge at them, give them a head swipe or forcefully nudge them for attention. These behaviors are usually dominance games that pigs would be playing with each other. So, if a pig nudges you and you move away, the pig may assume that she has won the dominance game and has become your boss.
Do pet pigs bite?
Pigs sometimes lash out and bite, usually either out of fear or out of lack of discipline. Although wild pigs may show a lot of aggression, domesticated pigs kept as pets are not likely to bite or harm humans unless it has a good reason to do so. That's okay, pigs still make the best pets.
Do baby pigs bite?
How do you discipline a pet pig?
Do Juliana pigs make good pets?
Many people also say they can be smarter than dogs. The intelligence of pigs such as Juliana pigs make them popular as pets. This also makes them unique from other regular pets. Juliana pigs can also really surprise you with their great memory as well as how fast they can learn and pick up hints about certain things.
READ: How do I check my CE?
Do pigs get attached to their owner?
Spending even just a few months together with a pig can be enough for them to recognize their owners. Pigs are capable of remembering other things aside from fellow animals and people. It is in fact, easy to earn a pig's affection. When they do, they can become loyal and deeply attached.
Do pet pigs stink?
Pig owners quickly realize their pigs must learn to go outside like all other animals. 3. Pigs are generally clean animals and odorless because they don't sweat. Their bodies are clean but their snouts are always covered in mud, leaves, or yogurt.
How much do Juliana pigs cost?
Those cute piglets can cost between $1,200 and $6,500 a pop and can weigh a whopping 200 pounds once they mature.
Why pigs are bad pets?
How much is a mini pig pet?


text:
Drum Boilers are an important component of many modern industrial facilities. Generally, the simulation of tailormade Drum Boilers starts up at each steady-state condition inside each operation region. The problem of such systems is the control of parameters, as level and pressure, around a reference value. The design of control algorithms can be accomplished using intelligent techniques such as Fuzzy Logic and Genetic Algorithms. This paper proposes a Fuzzy Controller, optimized by Genetic Algorithms, able to control Drum Boiler dynamics. Genetic procedures are used to obtain optimal Membership Functions and Fuzzy rules. The results show that the timing performance of the control system are improved reducing the settling time and the rise time. Moreover, the system shows good robustness to different reference values.
|Titolo:||Control of Drum Boiler dynamics via an optimized fuzzy controller|
|Autori interni:||PELUSI, DANILO|
|Data di pubblicazione:||2016|
|Rivista:||INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SIMULATION: SYSTEMS, SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY|
|Appare nelle tipologie:||1.1 Articolo in rivista|


text:
The Spice Lab Granulated Garlic Powder - Gluten-Free Non-GMO All Natural Spice - 5011
- USE: Garlic is widely used around the world for its pungent flavor as a seasoning or condiment.
- FLAVOR: The flavor varies in intensity and aroma with the different cooking methods.
- PAIRED: It is often paired with onion, tomato, or ginger.
- CUISINE: Garlic is a fundamental component in many or most dishes of various regions, including eastern Asia, South Asia, Southeast Asia, the Middle East, northern Africa, southern Europe, and parts of South and Central America.
- USE: Use in meat rubs, salad dressings, steaks, pork chops and vegetables. Sprinkle on buttered Italian bread to make garlic bread.


Leeds University Bans Profs From Using Capital Letters As It Scares Students
2 years ago
Obviously, you already heard from the Typical Student team about all these weird bans in colleges. Still, this time, lecturers have been banned from using capital letters when assigning work to students. Why is that? Just because it might upset them!
Where Did The Ban Happen?
leeds-bans-capital-letters-2.jpgThis story happened at the Leeds Trinity University, West Yorkshire, England. Local staff at the journalism department was informed that using uppercase letters may upset the students. Actually, the memo said that it will 'scare them into failure'. To say more, the memo also suggested how to address the students. There were such points as writing in a friendly tone and avoiding overbearing and negative language.
The Reaction
leeds-bans-capital-letters-1.jpgAs expected, some employees replied that they need caps to ensure students don't miss an important part of the assignment. The memo follows two other unis banning fancy dress and clapping. Firstly, autumn 2018, Kent University created a ban on students wearing costumes deemed 'inappropriate and offensive'. There were such things as cowboy outfits and sombreros, because they may jeopardize other students'.
Secondly, at the University of Manchester, the student union decided to replaced clapping with jazz hands. It was made to prevent people suffering from anxiety or sensory issues.
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text:
LPC Approves Cathedral of St. John the Divine and Morningside Heights
-Cathedral of St. John the Divine
The Landmarks Preservation Commission (LPC) made two long-awaited designations in Upper Manhattan on February 21 –The Cathedral Church with six buildings that form the Close of St. John the Divine and a Morningside Heights Historic District.
The Cathedral was calendared 51 years ago amidst questions about designating an unfinished building. The Cathedral itself supported designation at an LPC hearing 12 years ago. But neighbors convinced the City Council not to confirm the designation because parts of the Close had been de-calendared for development. The Conservancy supported designation then and did so again last Tuesday. ()
The massive building, which began construction in 1892, remains unfinished. The 11.3 acre Close now has residential buildings on the two de-calendared portions which provide income for Cathedral maintenance. The remaining grounds, with gardens and artwork, are open to the public daily.
Residents of Morningside Heights began petitioning the Landmarks Commission to designate a historic district a decade ago. They kept up the plea throughout the years. The Commission finally did respond, calendaring a district last year. The new district includes approximately 115 buildings–apartment houses, 19th century row houses, and the 1912 Broadway Presbyterian Church. The Conservancy testified in support. ()


Field (Google App Engine API for Java)
com.google.appengine.api.search
Class Field
 - java.lang.Object
 - com.google.appengine.api.search.Field
 - All Implemented Interfaces:
 java.io.Serializable
 public final class Field
 extends java.lang.Object
 implements java.io.Serializable
 Represents a field of a Document, which is a name, an optional locale, and at most one value: text, HTML, atom, date, GeoPoint, untokenizedPrefix, tokenizedPrefix or vector. Field name lengths are between 1 and SearchApiLimits.MAXIMUM_NAME_LENGTH characters, and text and HTML values are limited to SearchApiLimits.MAXIMUM_TEXT_LENGTH. Atoms are limited to SearchApiLimits.MAXIMUM_ATOM_LENGTH characters, both prefix types are limited to SearchApiLimits.MAXIMUM_PREFIX_LENGTH . Vector field size is limited to SearchApiLimits.VECTOR_FIELD_MAX_SIZE and dates must not have a time component.
 There are 5 types of text fields, ATOM, TEXT, HTML, UNTOKENIZED_PREFIX, and TOKENIZED_PREFIX. Atom fields when queried, are checked for equality. For example, if you add a field with name code and an ATOM value of "928A 33B-1", then query code:"928A 33B-1" would match the document with this field, while query code:928A would not. TEXT fields, unlike ATOM, match both on equality or if any token extracted from the original field matches. Thus if code field had the value set with Field.Builder.setText(String) method, both queries would match. HTML fields have HTML tags stripped before tokenization. Untokenized prefix fields match queries that are prefixes containing the contiguous starting characters of the whole field. For example if the field was "the quick brown fox", the query "the qui" would match whereas "th qui" would not. On the other hand, Tokenized prefix fields match if the query terms are prefixes of individual terms in the field. If the query is a phrase of terms, the ordering of the terms will matter. For example if the field is "the quick brown fox", the query "th qui bro" would match whereas "bro qui the" would not. Vector fields are only used to compute the dot product between a given constant vector and the provided vector field for sorting and field expressions only. for example, if a 3d vector is named "scores" and has a value of (1,2,3) then the expression dot(scores, vector(3,2,1)) will be evaluated to 10.
 See Also:
 Serialized Form
 - Method Detail
 - getName
 public java.lang.String getName()
 Returns:
 the name of the field
 - getType
 public Field.FieldType getType()
 Returns:
 the type of value of the field. Can be null
 - getText
 public java.lang.String getText()
 Returns:
 the text value of the field. Can be null
 - getHTML
 public java.lang.String getHTML()
 Returns:
 the HTML value of the field. Can be null
 - getAtom
 public java.lang.String getAtom()
 Returns:
 the atomic value of the field. Can be null
 - getDate
 public java.util.Date getDate()
 Returns:
 the date value of the field. Can be null
 - getNumber
 public java.lang.Double getNumber()
 Returns:
 the numeric value of the field. Can be null
 - getGeoPoint
 public GeoPoint getGeoPoint()
 Returns:
 the GeoPoint value of the field. Can be null
 - getUntokenizedPrefix
 public java.lang.String getUntokenizedPrefix()
 Returns:
 the String value of the untokenized prefix field. Can be null
 - getTokenizedPrefix
 public java.lang.String getTokenizedPrefix()
 Returns:
 the String value of the tokenized prefix field. Can be null
 - getVector
 public java.util.List<java.lang.Double> getVector()
 Returns:
 the vector value of the field.
 - getLocale
 public java.util.Locale getLocale()
 Returns:
 the locale the field value is written in. Can be null. If none is given the locale of the document will be used
 - hashCode
 public int hashCode()
 Overrides:
 hashCode in class java.lang.Object
 - equals
 public boolean equals(java.lang.Object object)
 Overrides:
 equals in class java.lang.Object
 - newBuilder
 public static Field.Builder newBuilder()
 Creates a field builder.
 Returns:
 a new builder for creating fields
 - toString
 public java.lang.String toString()
 Overrides:
 toString in class java.lang.Object
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text:
School development index
SDI is an independent and comprehensive school assessment of the schools in Delhi, being done by DCPCR. The Commission's vision is to make information about schools accessible to parents, devise ways to acknowledge well-performing schools and put in place a system for effective governance of schools in the city.
Adhyayan Foundation partnered with DCPCR in 2017 - 2018, to build the framework and the tool for the evaluation. The framework was built keeping in mind the context of children and schools in Delhi along with DCPCR's priorities and vision for the evaluation process. The tool consists of the following themes:
Safety and Security which involves physical, emotional, sexual, structural, fire, hygienic, medical safety of the children;
Teaching and Learning which involves the teachers' availability, qualifications, pedagogy, interaction with students, students' reading proficiency in English and Hindi and arithmetic ;
Parental Participation which involves PTMs, or other means of parental involvement in schools;
Social Inclusion which involves fill rates, retention rates, experience of children admitted under this provision and whether the department is disbursing the reimbursement timely.


text:
Objective—To determine the prevalence of circumcaval ureters and other caudal vena cava variations in cats and determine whether circumcaval ureters were associated with macroscopic evidence of ureteral obstruction.
Sample—301 domestic cat cadavers obtained from an animal shelter.
Procedures—All cat cadavers were examined, and anatomic variations of the ureters and caudal vena cava were recorded. In cadavers with a circumcaval ureter, kidney length, width, and height were measured, and the ureters were examined macroscopically to determine whether there was gross evidence of ureteral obstruction in cats with circumcaval ureters.
Results—At least 1 circumcaval ureter was present in 106 of the 301 (35.2%) cats, with a right circumcaval ureter identified in 92 (30.6%) cats, a left circumcaval ureter identified in 4 (1.3%), and bilateral circumcaval ureters identified in 10 (3.3%). Twenty-one (7.0%) cats had a double caudal vena cava, including 2 cats in which the double caudal vena cava was the only anatomic abnormality identified. No sex predilection for anatomic abnormalities was found. Mean right kidney length was significantly greater than mean left kidney length in cats with a right circumcaval ureter.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Circumcaval ureter was present in approximately a third of cats in this study. Variation in the development of the caudal vena cava is the proposed cause. The clinical relevance of this variation is unknown.
To radiographically compare patellar ligament length (PLL) in dogs undergoing tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO) for unilateral cranial cruciate ligament rupture at preoperative, postoperative, and follow-up evaluations.
105 dogs that underwent TPLO for unilateral cranial cruciate ligament rupture at a referral veterinary hospital from October 1, 2008, through November 30, 2017.
Medical records were reviewed to obtain information on dog signalment, surgical procedure, and radiographically measured PLL at preoperative, postoperative, and follow-up evaluations.
Dogs undergoing TPLO had a shorter PLL at the postoperative and follow-up evaluations, compared with the PLL at the preoperative evaluation. Mean ± SD overall unadjusted PLL decreased significantly by 2.3 ± 3.4% between the preoperative and postoperative evaluation and by 2.8 ± 3.9% between the preoperative and follow-up evaluation. The PLL did not differ significantly between the postoperative and follow-up evaluation; mean PLL decreased by 0.4 ± 3.8% between the postoperative and follow-up evaluation.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
The PLL was shorter after TPLO in dogs, which was similar to changes observed for humans after high tibial osteotomy procedures. Further evaluation of clinical assessments, joint mobility, ultrasonographic assessments, and kinematic results are needed to determine the relevance of the PLL and whether a decrease in ligament length results in decreased mobility and persistent lameness in dogs, as has been reported for humans.


text:
On July 23, our volunteers were once again working in the Ancient section of the cemetery, uncovering inscriptions hidden by moss and dirt and discovering footstones that have be buried for years.
On the morning of June 11, 2023, the Duck River Cemetery restoration team met to reset, mend, and stabilize the gravestone of Phebe M. Greenfield, in the Ancient Section of the cemetery.
Members of Boy Scout Troop 26 gathered at Duck River Cemetery on May 25, 2023, to place 500 new flags at the gravesites of Old Lyme veterans prior to the May 29 Memorial Day ceremony.
On May 21, volunteers cleaned 30 gravestones, excavated five, straightened five, and reset one mended stone.
On October 22, some 25 members of the Old Lyme Historical Society gathered on a spectacular autumn afternoon for a tour of Duck River Cemetery led by Jim Lampos and Michaele Pierson.
Work parties held in the Ancient section of the Duck River Cemetery in August and September made significant progress in cleaning, mending, and resetting damaged gravestones.
The Old Lyme Memorial Day Parade took place on Monday, May 30, and ended in the Duck River Cemetery with a ceremony hosted by VFW Post 1467 to honor the country's fallen Veterans
Beginning in September 2021, volunteers have been working in the Ancient Section of the Duck River Cemetery to preserve and restore early gravestones.


Comparative Essay Mac vs Windows
Diego A Sanabria Professor: Marcena J Salazar English 1301 Comparative Essay – Windows Vs. Apple Windows is probably the most famous operative system on planet earth. We can find it at schools, home and coffee shops. But what really makes different Apple Macs than Windows personal computers is the operating system. Personal Computers or PC's run Windows and Mac use Mac OS X for example on windows the task bar and start menu is on the bottom of the screen by default, while on Mac OS X is on the top.
The windows task bar have a menu called start, while Mac OS X does not have a start menu instead has a floating dock that is located at the bottom of the screen. The internal parts on each computer are different, people can build a Personal computer just putting together parts from any factory, install windows and you have a computer, but on the other hand Mac computers are build from specific parts made customized for Apple.
That makes Mac computers a lot more stable than Windows computers. Both operative systems come with "bundled" software.
In Mac OS, customers will get Safari that is the equivalent of Windows explorer, iTunes its like the Windows media player on PC's, and others, the contrast with those bundle applications that apple install on their computers is that all of them are design to help the users, on the other hand Windows computers usually came with a lot of software that are just demo versions or publicity for user to purchase extra software, the result is slowdown the speed of the computer with applications that probably the users will never buy.
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Another issue that face windows machines is security. Users files and information can be lost due to viruses.
In 2006 only 2 virus attacks were present on Apple's computers while there was well around 100. 000 reported virus attacks for windows computers. Mac computers are a little bit more expensive; the basic apple computer cost is about $900 dollars while you can find Windows computers for $300 dollars. But on top of those $300 dollars you are going to spend you need to add Antivirus $80, and if you plan to use a newer windows operative system version you need to add $219 that is the price of the windows 7 ultimate that is the equivalent of apple's OS X, plus the warranty while apple warranty service is rated worldwide as one of the best, indows users face a lot of problems when they have problems with their computers, due that factories try to skip and find ways to refuse the warranty service, or usually they need to ship their computers for service, apple have several stores on the main cities that provide technical service for immediate response.
Many people have more experience using windows that the Mac OS, an unfamiliar operating system is intimidating and frustrating, but this intimidation can easily overcome in fun after a few months of using a Mac regularly. I would hope that people will give more chances and opportunities to mac computers because when you start using a Mac computer you never go back to windows.
Cite this page
Comparative Essay Mac vs Windows. (2020, Jun 01). Retrieved from _URL_
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Articles / Database Development / SQL Server
Artisan Way of Data Reply
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10 Jun 2021CPOL10 min read 12.7K 108 3 2
A way to deliver more details about an error or exception from an SQL Server database through an ASP.NET web application to a web client.
This article is a continuation of Artisan.Orm project in which you will learn how to deliver more details about an error or exception from an SQL Server database through an ASP.NET web application to a web client.
This article is a continuation and development of Artisan.Orm project:
The method described here can also be used completely independently.
Introduction
Suppose we have a web application of a three-tier structure:
 - Web SPA client, which requests data from a web server with Ajax
 - Web server and ASP.NET application
 - SQL Server database
Once a web client requests to get or save data, a data reply travels back from the database to UI through the way that might look like this:
Image 1
On this way, all sorts of surprises can happen. An error may raise in a database on SQL Server or an exception may occur in an ASP.NET application on a web server. The final recipient, a web client, should somehow be informed about what had happened: was the request executed correctly or something went wrong.
This article is an attempt to make a convenient and universal format of data reply that provides a possibility to pass the details of exceptional case through the above pipeline from a database to a web client.
Background
Some thoughts and propositions before starting.
Two Categories of Exceptions
Errors and exceptions can be divided into two categories: expected and unexpected.
 - Unexpected exception is the result of a bug in code or equipment failure, the things we hope never should happen in a perfect word.
 Usual reaction on such exceptions: inform a user and an admin about fatal application error.
 - Expected exception is the result of inconsistent data saving, untimely request or other activities where a user is able to solve the issue by himself.
 The examples:
 - Data validation on web server or in database, such as uniqueness of user's login or email.
 - Data concurrency, when two users edit the same record in database at the same time.
 - Data missing, when the first user deletes a record before the second one saves it.
 - Data access denial, when a data reply depends on user access level calculated in database.
Status Delivery via Http
How can a web client distinguish what kind of exception occurs? It is necessary to pass the status to it.
How to deliver this status from a web server to a web client? The first idea that comes to mind is to use the http Status Codes...
And this idea turns out to be worthless... It is like asking the airplane captain to inform your mom that you are in trouble via official radio frequency used for landing and taking off, although you just forgot your lunch box on the kitchen table.
Http Status Codes are used to inform recipients about a transmission status. Browsers use that status to react. And mixing a transmission status and a data reply status sooner or later leads us to a problem of unexpected browser reaction or impossibility to find appropriate code for your needs.
The better idea, I guess, is make a universal format of data reply, something like a wrapping object where Data and Status are the properties.
Seven Steps
The task of the exception details delivery through the data reply pipeline can be divided into several steps:
 1. In a database, find an exceptional case and output the necessary data.
 2. In a repository, recognize the exceptional case and read the data about it.
 3. In a repository, throw an exception, so that a data service can handle it in C# good practice way.
 4. In a data service, gets normal data or catch an exception, and create a universal data reply.
 5. In a ASP.NET Web API controller, serialize a data reply into JSON format.
 6. In Web client data services, get JSON data, define a status of a data reply, take appropriate actions.
 7. In SPA controllers, get a data reply, define a status of a data reply, take appropriate actions.
Universal Format of DataReply
DataReply in JSON
The desirable data wrapper or DataReply object, after ASP.NET Web API controller serializes it to JSON, should have a form of:
dataReply: {
 status: "ok",
 data: {...},
 messages: [...]
}
Therefore, a C# object for serialization must have the same public properties. After series of experiments, I found the optimal, at least for me, structure of DataReply class in C#.
DataReply in C#
The DataReply base class has only two properties: Status and Messages.
The derived DataReply<TData> adds the Data property.
Here is the diagram of DataReply class and its properties:
Image 2
And here is the C# code for:
 - DataReplyStatus
 - DataReplyMessage
 - DataReply
 - DataReply<TData>
(Click on tabs.)
C#
public enum DataReplyStatus
{
 Ok ,
 Fail ,
 Missing ,
 Validation ,
 Concurrency ,
 Denial ,
 Error
}
C#
[DataContract]
public class DataReplyMessage
{
 [DataMember]
 public String Code;
 [DataMember(EmitDefaultValue = false)]
 public String Text;
 [DataMember(EmitDefaultValue = false)]
 public Int64? Id;
 [DataMember(EmitDefaultValue = false)]
 public Object Value;
}
C#
[DataContract]
public class DataReply {
 [DataMember]
 public DataReplyStatus Status { get; set; }
 [DataMember(EmitDefaultValue = false)]
 public DataReplyMessage[] Messages { get; set; }

 public DataReply()
 {
 Status = DataReplyStatus.Ok;
 Messages = null;
 }
 public DataReply(DataReplyStatus status)
 {
 Status = status;
 Messages = null;
 }
 public DataReply(DataReplyStatus status, string code, string text)
 {
 Status = status;
 Messages = new [] { new DataReplyMessage { Code = code, Text = text } };
 }

 public DataReply(DataReplyStatus status, DataReplyMessage message)
 {
 Status = status;
 if (message != null)
 Messages = new [] { message };
 }
 public DataReply(DataReplyStatus status, DataReplyMessage[] messages)
 {
 Status = status;
 if (messages?.Length > 0)
 Messages = messages;
 }
 public DataReply(string message)
 {
 Status = DataReplyStatus.Ok;
 Messages = new [] { new DataReplyMessage { Text = message } };
 }
 public static DataReplyStatus? ParseStatus (string statusCode)
 {
 if (IsNullOrWhiteSpace(statusCode))
 return null;

 DataReplyStatus status;
 if (Enum.TryParse(statusCode, true, out status))
 return status;

 throw new InvalidCastException(
 $"Cannot cast string '{statusCode}' to DataReplyStatus Enum. " +
 $"Available values: {Join(", ", Enum.GetNames(typeof(DataReplyStatus)))}");
 }
}
C#
[DataContract]
public class DataReply<TData>: DataReply {
 [DataMember(EmitDefaultValue = false)]
 public TData Data { get; set; }
 public DataReply(TData data)
 {
 Data = data;
 }
 public DataReply()
 {
 Data = default(TData);
 }
 public DataReply(DataReplyStatus status, string code, string text, TData data)
 :base(status, code, text)
 {
 Data = data;
 }
 public DataReply(DataReplyStatus status, TData data) :base(status)
 {
 Data = data;
 }
 public DataReply(DataReplyStatus status) :base(status)
 {
 Data = default(TData);
 }
 public DataReply(DataReplyStatus status, string code, string text)
 :base(status, code, text)
 {
 Data = default(TData);
 }
 public DataReply(DataReplyStatus status, DataReplyMessage replyMessage)
 :base(status, replyMessage)
 {
 Data = default(TData);
 }
 public DataReply(DataReplyStatus status, DataReplyMessage[] replyMessages)
 :base(status, replyMessages)
 {
 Data = default(TData);
 }
}
DataReplyStatus
This Enum contains the statuses I found useful in my projects, and there are no restrictions to reduce the list or extend it.
The meaning of statuses:
Code Usage
Ok The default status when everything had executed as expected
Fail When a query goal was not achieved
Missing When a query did not find a record with Id parameter
Validation When a query found a threat to data integrity
Concurrency When two or more users updated the same record in the same time
Denial


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Shades of Blue: Patagonia's Glacial Lakes
(Image credit: NASA)
The glacial lakes of Patagonia are blue beacons standing between the richly forested islands and peninsulas of Chile and the high, arid plain stretches east from the Andes in this image taken by NASA's Terra satellite last month.
Like glaciers the world over, Andean glaciers have slowly pulverized the rocks below into fine-grained sediments. When pooled in glacial lakes, glacial (or rock) flour colors the water bright turquoise. Patagonian glaciers have been grinding rocks into flour for at least a few million years.