UPDATE: The Canadian International Trade Tribunal Ruled That Centrifugal Opening Knives are Prohibited Weapons
The Canadian International Trade Tribunal (CITT) ruled that knives in which the blade is released via centrifugal force are classified as prohibited weapons. The CITT is an independent quasi-judicial body that administers Canada and international rules that govern trade. CITT reports to the Minister of Finance and Parliament. CITT reviews five key areas:
â€¢ Anti-Dumping Inquiries (dumping refers to the practice of another country selling goods at below competitive prices which injures domestic companies);
â€¢ Procurement Inquiries (the federal government is bound by certain procurement rules)
â€¢ Economic and Tariff Inquiries (provide advice to the government on trade matters);
â€¢ Customs and Excise Appeals
â€¢ Safeguard Inquiries (complaints by domestic companies that increased imports are injuring domestic industry and recommendations on how to address those issues).
How does CITT work?
CITT operates similarly to a lower court. The parties are given notice of hearings; each side may present evidence and give testimony. The tribunal can also request information. All hearings are open to the public and are held in the CITTâ€™s offices in Ottawa, Ontario. Moreover, if parties or witnesses or uncooperative, CITT may issue subpoenas for witnesses, documents, and records.
What knives are affected?
The decision was Appeal No. AP-2017-012, T. LaPlante v. President of the Canada Border Services Agency. The dispute centered on subsection 84(1) of the Criminal Code. All knives that meet the following qualifications are classified as prohibited:
1. If the knife requires simultaneous or preliminary minimal manipulation of a non-edged or â€œflapperâ€ part of the blade; and
2. The blade opens via centrifugal force. For example, if the blade is released from the handle and into a locked position with a simple and quick outward flick of the wrist.
These knives are like switch-blades except they rely on centrifugal force, rather than mechanical, to eject the blade.
Effect of the ruling
As of the date of the ruling, the CBSA is required to prohibit the import of all knives that meet the above-stated qualifications. You can import the blade if you are (1) business and (2) possess a valid Firearms Business License that (3) is presented with the prohibited weapon(s) and (4) it is for business activity.
If you are concerned about the effect of this ruling and other by CITT, consider speaking with an Argo Customs broker for assistance. Argo Customs brokers are constantly updating their clients on the importation of prohibited weapons into Canada and other rules that may affect your business. Argo Customs can be your central source for all import and export rules into and out of Canada.
ARGO Business Corp. (Argo Customs Brokers) Canadian Customs Brokers provide quick and reliable customs clearance services in Toronto, Vancouver, Calgary and Edmonton, Canada. We help with customs clearance anywhere in Canada, both for personal and commercial shipments.
You can count on ARGO Customs Brokers to bring you the latest in customs brokerage news. Contact our team today for more information.


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Compensating for the Initialization and Sampling of EWMA Run-to-Run Controlled Processes
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3 Author(s)
Good, R.P. ; GLOBALFOUNDRIES, Austin, TX, USA ; Pabst, D. ; Stirton, J.B.
The exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) filter is commonly used for state estimation of run-to-run controllers in semiconductor manufacturing. It is widely known that, when at steady state, the EWMA filter provides the minimum mean square error (MSE) forecast for an integrated moving average (IMA) process. The forecast, however, is optimal if and only if every output of the IMA process is measured. If an EWMA controller is implemented utilizing sampled process data, then it is necessary to retune the controller to maintain optimal performance. Furthermore, in practice, the complex interacting selection criteria of advanced sampling applications often cause measurement frequency to be highly irregular. In this paper, a sampling compensation algorithm (SCA) is derived based on the minimum-norm IMA (MNIMA) forecast. The algorithm provides the minimum mean-square-error (MMSE) forecast of an IMA process for irregularly sampled processes and is robust to initialization.
Published in:
Semiconductor Manufacturing, IEEE Transactions on (Volume:23, Issue: 2 )


text:
The question simply doesn't make sense. Any periodic function has both period and frequency- given one, you can calculate the other.
Neither "represents" an orbit.
If you do have something, such as a planet, orbiting, then you must have both a period (the number of days, seconds, etc. required to complete one full orbit) and a frequency (the number of orbits per day, second, etc.) and one is just the reciprocal of the other. If you are thinking of one as "representing" the orbit, the other could as well.
To answer the question you DIDN'T ask but probably intended, it is more common to give the period of an orbit of a planet about the sun rather than the frequency just because it is a simpler number in the most common units.
1/T = Frequency
1/f = Period.
where T = period.
Knowing either one will get you the answer for the other.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


Antimony Ore Procession Methods
ore processing stibnite
Flotation process is the main antimony ore processing method: Minerals, most of them are easy floating antimony sulfide mineral flotation ore crystallographic sites. Stibnite often precede lead salts as activators also useful copper salt or a combination of lead salts copper salt, then collector flotation.
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Separating lead–antimony alloy by fractional ...
 · The lead–antimony components in jamesonite exist as solid solution of antimony sulfide and lead sulfide in the ore. Since it is of great difficulty to separate lead and antimony from jamesonite by mineral methods, metallurgical methods must be taken to utilize the ore more effectively .
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Mining Method for Antimony ore
Antimony Mineral Processing. Antimony Mineral Processing . Process Introduction. Proportion of antimony ore is far greater than proportion of gangue, so it will be separated by using the method gravity method has many features, high efficiency, energy saving, and environment protection, which can make the lowgrade ore enrichment advance.
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antimony ore processing methodsfilter disc. antimony ore processing methods, Antimony Ore g Method Antimony This antimony g plant operated for a amount of around Half a year before Chase Minerals,...
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Antimony Ore Procession Method. As a leading global manufacturer of crushing equipment, milling equipment,dressing equipment,drying equipment and briquette equipment etc. we offer advanced, rational solutions for any sizereduction requirements, including quarry, aggregate, grinding production and complete plant plan.
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Antimony Ore Processing Introduction of antimony ore processing: The antimony ore beneficiation methods,should be based on the type of ore,mineral composition,mineral structure and embedded Pot and other physical and chemical properties as the basic conditions to select, you should also consider a price component content and meet the requirements of the antimony metallurgical technology and.
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Immobilization of antimony waste slag by applying ...
During the processing of antimony by pyrometallurgical methods, a considerable amount of slag containing antimony and other impurities is formed in the equipment such as the shaft furnace, rotary kiln, converter, or reverberatory furnace. According to the antimony production companies, 1 ton of
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Russian antimony ore cyanide equipment and equipmentcrushing equipment and ball mill in gold ore processing pr 24 2012 mail sales ore dressing equipment jaw crusherall mill can be dry or wet grinding for all kinds of ores and other grind able materials and can be divided into two kinds of dry and wet grinding method Read More.
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Antimony Ore Processing Methods EXODUS Mining machine. In another method that has been suggested the alloy is treated with metallic sodium in order to form an alloy of sodium and antimony this is dissolved in molten caustic soda and the antimony separated by treatment with water more than threequarters of the,Antimony Ore Processing Methods.
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Antimony Ore Processing Methods
Antimony Ore Oxide Process. Antimony ore processing equipments flotation process antimony ore beneficiation is the most effective method for the selection and metallurgy of niobium metal at present there are mainly three methods of hand selection gravity separation and flotation among them the flotation process is the most reliable and the effect is most significant
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Antimony Mineral, Extraction of Antimony, Antimony Mineral ...
This method has many features, high efficiency, energy saving, and environment protection, which can make the lowgrade ore enrichment advance. After gravity separation, the antimony will be purified by floatation. So the processing method of Xinhai is gravity separationflotation process.
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Antimony
Production process. The extraction of antimony from ores depends on the quality and composition of the ore. Most antimony is mined as the sulfide; lowergrade ores are concentrated by froth flotation, while highergrade ores are heated to 500–600 °C, the temperature at which stibnite melts and separates from the gangue minerals.
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Sobre nosotros
CNCrusher es uno de los mayores fabricantes en la industria de trituración y molienda en China. CNCrusher se fundó hace más de treinta años para fabricar máquinas aplicadas principalmente en procesamiento de áridos y polvo mineral.
Investigación


AFFECT OF END-EFFECT ON OCFD
Or, Why is the OCFD NOT an exact Harmonic antenna?

We all know that the simple dipole antenna (mono-band) is cut shorter than a true physical length of a half wavelengeth dipole.
It is typically about 5% shorter than a true physical half wavelength.

Why?

As a result of capacitive loading of the unterminated wire ends against ground, known as "End-Effect", the dipole is cut about 3% shorter than a true physical half wavelength would be.

In addition, the Velocity Factor of the wire used in the antenna requires shortening the wires by 2%.

As a result, the dipole is actually 5% shorter than the true physical length...... 2% velocity factor plus 3% due to end effect.

Now the critical point to understand:
 - In an OCFD antenna, the Velocity Factor (shortening of about 2%) applies to ALL bands, fundamental and harmonic.
 - But the 3% "End Effect Shortening" only applies to the half-wavelength with unterminated ends.
 - On the fundamental frequency, there is only one half wavelength and it has unterminated ends. It has 3% shortening due to End Effect (plus 2% VF, total 5% shortening).
 - On the Harmonic Bands (i.e. 2nd harmonic, 3rd Harmonic, etc.) the affect of End Effect only applies to one of the multiple half-wavelengths.
 - EXAMPLE: An 80m Half-Wavelength Dipole
 - Is made of two unterminated quarter wavelength ends which have 3% End-Effect shortening plus 2% VF shortening.
 - That same dipole on 40 meters is made up of 4 quarter- wavelengths; two quarter-wavelengths on each side of the feedpoint. Or, we can view it as two half-wave dipoles.
 - The two quarter wavelengths in the center have their ends terminated (with wire or feedpoint) so they do not incur End-Effect. Therefore the inner dipole has 2% VF shortening but no End-Effect shortening.
 - However, we have made it the same length as the outer half wavelength (which was also shortened by 3% due to End-Effect) - so the inner dipole is 3% too short, and resonant 3% higher than the outer dipole.
 - This makes the overall antenna (on its second harmonic) about 1.5% too short. This raises its 40m resonance higher than twice the fundamental frequency.
 - It's 3rd harmonic is 2% too short.
 - It's 4th harmonic is 2.25% too short.
 - etc.

The higher we go up in harmonic frequency, the less the end effect plays a role in the equation.

Therefore the resonant frequency of the OCFD continues to increase higher and higher above the theoretical harmonic frequecy, as we move up the bands. Eventually it falls outside of the ham band.

The only way to have resonance inside of all of the higher harmonic bands is to place the fundamental frequency below the actual ham band.

An 80m OCFD with a correctly designed balun (i.e., my DJ0IP Hybrid Balun) normally has negligible Common Mode Current on the feedline, and as such, must be cut so that the frequency of minimum SWR is in the range of about 3.440 to 3.460 MHz.

DOWNLOAD:
 (In this drawing, S=Skewed and NS=Not Skewed)
Windom Not Harmonic
This document depicts why the Windom (OCFD) is not a true harmonic antenna.
NOTE: S = Skewed and NS = Not Skewed
Windom Not Harmonic.pdf
PDF-Dokument [383.4 KB]


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Acronymfinder
What does HDPT stand for?
HDPT stands for High Density Polyethylene
This definition appears very rarely and is found in the following Acronym Finder categories:
 - Science, medicine, engineering, etc.
See other meanings of HDPT
Samples in periodicals archive:
has created new packaging for its Clean Ones High Density Polyethylene Gloves, intended to generate use during the summer picnic season.
In particular, the use of single-site catalysts is expanding in the production of polypropylene and high density polyethylene, although the bulk of demand will remain in LLDPE.


text:
BENSOLVE is a solver for vector linear programs (VLP), in particular, for the subclass of multiple objective linear programs (MOLP). It is based on Benson's algorithm and its extensions.
BENSOLVE is a free software published under the terms of the GNU General Public License. It utilizes the GNU Linear Programming Kit (GLPK). BENSOLVE (from version 2) is written in C programming language.
BENSOLVE provides the following features:
- arbitrary pointed solid polyhedral ordering cones
- primal and dual algorithms
- primal and dual solutions
- support of unbounded problems
- 3D graphics format output

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
The Business Research Company's Nuclear Electricity Global Market Report 2021: COVID-19 Impact And Recovery To 2030
LONDON, GREATER LONDON, UK, September 25, 2021 /EINPresswire.com/ — According to the new market research report 'Nuclear Electricity Global Market Report 2021: COVID-19 Impact And Recovery' published by The Business Research Company, the nuclear electricity market is expected to grow from $65.24 in billion 2020 to $66.42 billion in 2021 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 1.8%. The growth is mainly due to the companies rearranging their operations and recovering from the COVID-19 impact, which had earlier led to restrictive containment measures involving social distancing, remote working, and the closure of commercial activities that resulted in operational challenges. The market is expected to reach $76.74 billion in 2025 at a CAGR of 4%. The growing demand for electricity is expected to be a key driver of the nuclear electric power generation market in the forecast period.
Request For A Sample For The Global Nuclear Electricity Market Report:
The nuclear electric power generation market consists of sales of nuclear electric power and related services that convert nuclear energy into electrical energy. The nuclear electric power generation industry includes establishments that operate nuclear power plants which use uranium as a fuel to generate electricity. Nuclear power plants use the heat produced during nuclear fission. In nuclear fission, which takes place inside the reactor of a nuclear power plant, atoms are split apart to form smaller atoms, releasing energy. The heat produced in the reactor core during nuclear fission is used to boil water into steam, which converts the blades of a steam turbine. As the turbine blades turn, they drive generators that produce electricity. The electrical energy produced is directly provided to power transmission systems, which are used to move large quantities of power from generating facilities to substations and distribution systems, which are used for short distances, generally to transport electricity to customers locally.
Trends In The Global Nuclear Electricity Market
The power generation industry and the downstream power distribution industries are digitizing their assets and are increasingly relying on technology. The industry is becoming increasingly vulnerable to rising number of cyber-attacks. For instance, in September 2019, Kudankulam Nuclear Power Plant (KKNPP), which is India's biggest nuclear power plant and feed India's southern power grid suffered a cyber-attack in which the nuclear power plant's administrative network was breached in the attack.
Global Nuclear Electricity Market Segments:
The global nuclear electricity market is further segmented based on reactor type, end-user, technology and geography.
By Reactor Type: Pressurized Water Reactors (PWR), Fast Breeder Reactor (FBR), Pressurized Heavy-Water Reactor (PHWR), Boiling Water Reactor (BWR), Light Water Graphite Reactor (LWGR), Gas-Cooled Reactor (GCR)
By End-User: Residential, Commercial, Industrial
By Technology: Generation I, Generation II, Generation III, and Generation IV
By Geography: The global nuclear electricity market is segmented into North America, South America, Asia-Pacific, Eastern Europe, Western Europe, Middle East and Africa.
Read More On The Report For The Global Nuclear Electricity Market At:
Nuclear Electricity Global Market Report 2021 is one of a series of new reports from The Business Research Company that provides nuclear electricity market overviews, analyzes and forecasts market size and growth for the global nuclear electricity market, nuclear electricity market share, nuclear electricity market players, nuclear electricity market segments and geographies, nuclear electricity market's leading competitors' revenues, profiles and market shares. The nuclear electricity market report identifies top countries and segments for opportunities and strategies based on market trends and leading competitors' approaches.
Read Nuclear Electricity Global Market Report 2021 from The Business Research Company for information on the following:
Data Segmentations: Market Size, Global, By Region And By Country; Historic And Forecast Size, And Growth Rates For The World, 7 Regions And 12 Countries
Nuclear Electricity Market Organizations Covered: EDF Group, Exelon Corp, Duke Energy Corp, Enel SpA and NextEra Energy, Inc.
Regions: Asia-Pacific, China, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, North America, USA, South America, Middle East and Africa.
Countries: Australia, Brazil, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Japan, Russia, South Korea, UK, USA.
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The Business Research Company has published over 1000 industry reports, covering over 2500 market segments and 60 geographies. The reports draw on 150,000 datasets, extensive secondary research, and exclusive insights from interviews with industry leaders. The reports are updated with a detailed analysis of the impact of COVID-19 on various markets.
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Here is a list of reports from The Business Research Company similar to the Nuclear Electricity Global Market Report 2021:
Power Generation Global Market Report 2021 – By Type (Hydro Electricity, Fossil Fuel Electricity, Nuclear Electricity, Solar Electricity, Wind Electricity, Geothermal Electricity, Biomass Electricity, Other Electricity), By End-User (Residential, Commercial, Industrial), By Sources Of Energy (Conventional/Non-Renewable Source, Renewable Source), By Type Of Grid (Off Grid, On Grid), COVID-19 Impact And Recovery
Biomass Electric Power Generation Global Market Report 2020 – By Feedstock (Solid Biomass, Biogas, Municipal Solid Waste, Liquid Biomass), By End-User (Households, Industrial Sector, Government Sectors), By Technology (Anaerobic Digestion, Combustion, Co-Firing, Gasification, Landfill Gas)
Fossil Fuel Electric Power Generation Global Market Report 2020 – By Fuel Type (Coal, Oil, Natural Gas), By End-User (Residential, Commercial, Industrial)
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What is JET?
JET stands for Journal Entry Thin. It is an application in its own right but is also the transaction processing engine for all of the Professional Advantage companion products which create transactions (ie IPOS, Bank Reconciliation, CSB Invoicing, Receipting, InterCompany and Consolidations).
In the transaction processing engine capacity it replicates all the same business logic and rules as used in the SunSystems Ledger Entry/Import processes. This ranges from the validation of the static data information (ie valid accounts, analysis codes, journal types etc) through to the balancing criteria (ie in total, by period, by analysis code or transaction reference (if defined).
As an application in its own right it can be used to enter transactions into SunSystems, when you don't want to use Ledger Entry. The processing logic outlined in the previous paragraph is equally applied to these transactions.
In this capacity a user can work off-line (ie off their network) and create SunSystems transactions, with them being posted into SunSystems when next the user is online. Again all the processing logic and rules apply to these transactions.


text:
You are here
1.5 Ultrasound and Tissue
Ultrasound is marked by a number of properties when it passes through tissue. Reflection occurs on border surfaces between tissues with different wave propagation properties (such as fat, muscle, and blood). The degree of reflection depends on the magnitude of this difference. The remaining ultrasound energy may either penetrate deeper or be absorbed by the tissue. Usually the ultrasound wave hits several different reflector surfaces. Interaction with tissue causes the ultrasound energy to diminish and become weaker as it penetrates deeper. This is also known as attenuation and is similar to sound that becomes fainter when one moves further away from it. You will read more about attenuation when we discuss 2D imaging and artifacts.
As border zones are usually marked by more or less irregular surfaces, the ultrasound waves are scattered in all directions. This allows some of the reflected ultrasound waves to return to the transducer and be used to generate an image.
|Attenuation||Attenuation is the energy loss of the ultrasound wave as it passes through tissue. This energy loss is caused by reflection/scatter and absorption.|

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
(Or "Multiple Master Font") A font that is a mixture of two or more other fonts.
A Multiple Master font is a single font containing from two to sixteen master designs (the current implementation limit). A weight factor specifies the contribution of each master design for the creation of a multiple master font instance.
A Multiple Master instance is a single interpolation of a multiple master font as created by a user or application.
Try this search on Wikipedia, OneLook, Google
Nearby terms: multiple inheritance « Multiple Instruction Multiple Data « Multiple Instruction/Multiple Data « Multiple Master » multiple perspective software development » multiple value » Multiple Virtual Storage


text:
A chemist for a pharmaceutical company wants to determine the median reaction time for a newly developed antacid.
- Open the sample data, AntacidReactionTime.MTW.
- Open the bootstrapping for 1-sample function dialog box.
- In Sample, enter Time.
- On the Options tab, enter 1 in Base for random number generator.
Using Base for random number generator ensures that your results match the example.
- Click OK.
Interpret the results
The 95% CI indicates that the chemist can be 95% confident that the value of the median reaction time for the population is between approximately 8.8 minutes and 14.8 minutes. However, the histogram shows that the bars are very sparse, making it hard to see the sampling distribution. Because the sampling distribution isn't clear, the confidence interval may be unreliable. The original sample has only 16 data points. To get a reliable confidence interval, the chemist should collect a larger sample and perform the analysis again.
|Bootstrap Samples for Median|


text:
Map of Comoros Islands
You can easily create a map of Comoros islands using Mapline. The islands of Comoros are volcanic islands located off the south-east coast of Africa. Their neighboring countries are Mozambique and Madagascar. These islands cover a total area of 2,361 km².
Using Mapline, you can easily create a map of Comoros islands. The islands consist of Grande Comore, which is the largest and the main island; Anjouan and Mohéli, which are part of the Union of the Comoros;
Grande-Terre, which is part of Mayotte French overseas department; Petite-Terre, which is the 2nd largest island in Mayotte; and The Glorioso Islands, which comprises the Grande Glorieuse, Île du Lys and 8 other small rock islets.
Steps to Create a Map of Comoros Islands
- Create a Mapline account and login.
- Click the orange "New" button.
- Select "New Map" on the drop down arrow.
- Give your map a name and click "OK."
- Click the "Add" button from the left sidebar.
- Select the "Boundaries" option.
- From the "Boundary Type," select "Comoros Islands."
- Select how you want your boundaries to be colored in "Fill Color" (Random Colors, Uniform Colors, Heatmap on pins inside boundaries, or Paste colors from a spreadsheet).
- Click "OK."
That's how easy it is to create a map of Comoros islands! Once you have your map, you can create a map of Excel spreadsheet locations to overlay on top. Mapline also makes it simple to see summary information about the locations inside each department just by clicking on them! Sign up now to create a map of Comoros islands.


text:
Time and Attendance Systems
We offer solutions to manage employee attendance and correspondence control. Our selection of clock models covers a range to satisfy all your needs.
Among our basic models for small businesses:
- Attendance Control: Basic clocks, long lasting, economic, fully operative upon plugging in. Some have options to adapt ringtones, come with reserve batteries, and mark tardiness in red.
- Correspondence Control and Attendance Control: These clocks can be used for both purposes. They can be programmed to provide comments when certain parameters are met and they come with a reserve battery.
Additionally, we have Hand Punch biometric clocks that work with an advance technology that recognizes the shape of your hand without having to use finger or handprints.
- Biometric Clocks – Hand Punch:
- Eco-friendly and money saver as it avoids the use of disposable cards.
- Eliminates the possibility of time card fraud (someone else punching a card for an employee).
- Capacity for up to 32,000 users depending on the model.
- Scap Software: Administrative software that allows programming for shifts, calendars, employee database, and calculations of hours worked per day or per specified periods.


closer to what we want. Now, C_{\infty} \setminus\bigcup_{n\in\Bbb{Z}^{+}} C_n contains only those functions which have a root in K.
We will call the functions in C_{\lambda} \subset C^{1}(K,\Bbb{R}) functions with maximal growth rate \lambda. This is a natural moduli for functions when we are studying stuff whose (maximal) grow rate depends linearly on the current amount of stuff. Of course populations of living things fall in the class of things for which this is true. from the proofs above, we know that if f\in C_\lambda, then it's graph lives in the cone defined by exponentials. More precisely
If a(f) = \lambda then for x < x_0, \frac{f(x_0)}{e^{\lambda x_0)}}e^{\lambda x} \leq f(x) \leq \frac{f(x_0)}{e^{-\lambda x_0)}}e^{-\lambda x} and for x > x_0 we have \frac{f(x_0)}{e^{-\lambda x_0)}}e^{-\lambda x} \leq f(x) \leq \frac{f(x_0)}{e^{\lambda x_0)}}e^{\lambda x}.
(Exercise) Prove this. Hint: use the first proof where instead of 2\lambda you use \alpha\lambda and let \alpha\downarrow 1.
(Remark) Notice that Equation (10) and \lambda < \infty implies that scaling a function in C_\lambda by any non-zero scalar yields another function in C_\lambda. As a result, we might choose to consider only
F \equiv f\in c_\lambda\text{ such that }f(0) = 1
F \equiv \{\text{ functions whose minimum value on }K\text{ is }1\}.
In both cases we end up with subsets that generate C_\lambda when we take all multiples of those functions by nonzero real numbers.
(Exercise) If we move to high dimensional domains, how wild can the compact set K be and still get these results? It must clearly be connected, so in \Bbb{R}^1 we are already completely general with our K above.
Moving back to Equation (1), we can look for generalizations: for example, will this result hold when f:\Bbb{R}^{n} \rightarrow \Bbb{R}^{m}? How about when f maps from one Banach space to another? How about the case in which f is merely Lipschitz?
Lets begin with f:\Bbb{R}^{n} \rightarrow \Bbb{R}^{m}.
In this case, the appropriate version of Equation (1) is
||Df(x)|| \leq \lambda ||f(x)|| (11)
where ||Df(x)|| denotes the operator norm of the derivative Df(x) and ||f(x)|| is the euclidean norm of f(x) in \Bbb{R}^m.
Notice that
D\ln(||f(x)||) = \frac{1}{||f(x)||}\left(\frac{f(x)}{||f(x)||}\right)^{t}Df(x) (12)
where \left(\frac{f(x)}{||f(x)||}\right)^{t} is an m dimensional row vector and Df(x) is an n\text{ by }m dimensional matrix. (Thus the gradient vector is the transpose of the resulting n dimensional row vector.) Now we can use this to get the result.
Let \gamma(s) be the arclength parameterized line segment that starts at x_0 and ends at x_1 the The above equation tells us that
\int_{\gamma} D\ln(||f(x(s))||) ds = \int_{\gamma} \frac{1}{||f(x)||}\left(\frac{f(x)}{||f(x)||}\right)^{t}Df(x) \leq \int_{\gamma} \frac{||Df(x(s))||}{||f(x))||} ds. (13)
Thus, we can conclude that
\ln(||f(x_1)||) - \ln(||f(x_0)||) \leq \lambda ||x_1 - x_0||
which implies that
-\lambda ||x_1 - x_2|| \leq \ln\left(\frac{||f(x_1)||}{||f(x_0)||}\right) \leq \lambda ||x_1 - x_0||
and we can proceed as we did in the second proof of the problem in the case that f:\Bbb{R}\rightarrow \Bbb{R}. We end up with the following result
If ||Df(x)|| \leq \lambda ||f(x)|| and ||f(x)|| \neq 0 \text{ for all } x\in B(x*,r)\subset\Bbb{R}^n, then
e^{-\lambda ||x - x*||} \leq \frac{||f(x)||}{||f(x*)||} \leq e^{\lambda ||x - x*||}
for all x\in B(x*,r).
(Exercise) Show that this result implies that if f(x) = 0 anywhere, it equals 0 everywhere.
(Exercise) Show that this is implies the one dimensional result we proved above (the first theorem we proved above).
(Exercise) Our proof of the result for the case f:\Bbb{R}^n\rightarrow\Bbb{R}^m can be carried over to the case of f:B_1 \rightarrow B_2 where B_1\text{ and }B_2 are Banach Spaces — carry out those steps!
We come now to the question of what we can say when we are less restrictive with the constraints on differentiability. We consider the case in which f:\Bbb{R}^n\rightarrow\Bbb{R}^m is Lipschitz. The complication here is that while we know that f is differentiable almost everywhere, it might not be differentiable anywhere on the line segment from x_0 to x_1.
Consider a cylinder C_{x_0}^{x_1}(1), with radius 1 and axis equal to the segment from x_0\text{ to }x_1. Let E = C_{x_0}^{x_1}(1) \cap \{x| Df(x)\text{ exists }\}. Since f is differentiable almost everywhere, we have that \mathcal{L}^n( C_{x_0}^{x_1}(1)\setminus E) = 0. Therefore almost every segment L generated by the intersection of a line parallel to the cylinder axis and the cylinder, intersects E in a set of length ||x_1 - x_0||. We can therefore choose a sequence of such segments converging to [x_0,x_1].
Since Df exists \mathcal{H}^1 almost everywhere on the segments [x_0^k, x_1^k] and f is continuous everywhere, we can integrate the derivatives to get:
-\lambda ||x_1^k - x_0^k|| \leq \ln\left(\frac{||f(x_1^k)||}{||f(x_0^k)||}\right) \leq \lambda ||x_1^k - x_0^k||.
And because f is continuous we get that
-\lambda ||x_1 - x_0|| \leq \ln\left(\frac{||f(x_1)||}{||f(x_0)||}\right) \leq \lambda ||x_1- x_0||.
so that we end up with the same result that we had for differentiable functions.
There are other directions to take this.
From the perspective of geometric objects, the ratio \frac{||Df||}{||f||} is a bit funky — for example, if f(x) = volume of a set E(x)\subset \Bbb{R}^n = \mathcal{L}^n(E(x)), where x can be thought of as the center of the set, we have that Df will be a vectorfield \eta times \mathcal{H}^{n-1} restricted to the \partial E(x). Thus, ||Df|| will be an n-1-dimensional quantity and f a n-dimensional quantity. We would usually expect there to be exponents, as in the case of the Poincare ineqaulity, making the ratio non-dimensional.
On the other hand, one can see this ratio as a sort of measure of reciprocal length of the objects we are dealing with. From the perspective, this result seems to say that no matter what you do, you cannot get to objects with no volume from objects with non-zero volume without getting small (i.e. without the reciprocal length diverging). This is not profound. On the other hand, that ratio is precisely what is important for certain physical/biolgical processes. So this quantity being bounded has consequences in those contexts.
This does


= CaptureSource.AudioCaptureDevice.DesiredFormat;
if (audioFormat.WaveFormat != WaveFormatType.Pcm)
throw new Exception("Codec not supported");
Next, we initialize a SpeexEncoder, which is available in the CSpeex project. This encoder is initialized with some awesome integer values that says very little…another reason to use enums guys!
speexEncoder = new org.xiph.speex.SpeexEncoder();
speexEncoder.init(2, 8, audioFormat.SamplesPerSecond, audioFormat.Channels);
The initialized encoder gives us access to some data that makes it possible to calculate the packet size. This packet size is then used to initialize a byte array that is used as buffer for the read data…
int pcmPacketSize = 2 * speexEncoder.getChannels() * speexEncoder.getFrameSize();
temp = new byte[pcmPacketSize];
tempOffset = 0;
The speex implementation uses a RandomOutputStream to write its encoded speex format data to. The RandomOutputStream basically wraps a MemoryStream that we can later use to decode the speex format to wave format.
The RandomOutputStream is passed to an OggSpeexWriter class, which is responsible for writing speex packets to the RandomOutputStream
memFile = new RandomOutputStream(new MemoryStream(2 * 1024 * pcmPacketSize));
writer = new org.xiph.speex.OggSpeexWriter(2, audioFormat.SamplesPerSecond, audioFormat.Channels, 1, true);
writer.open(memFile);
writer.writeHeader("Encoded with Speex");
When the capture stops, we make sure to flush the data in the writer to the stream
protected override void OnCaptureStopped()
{
((OggSpeexWriter)writer).flush(true);
}
On format change we do nothing as I don't expect the format to change in the middle of everything… But when samples arrive in the OnSamples() method, we need to work a little…
I won't go into detail what is happening, but you will probably be able to understand it from the code. But it basically goes through the sampled data and pulls out pieces in the right size to be written as "packets". It figures out the packet size by looking at the length of the byte array called temp that was created in the OnCaptureStarted() method.
Whenever a full packet has been received, it is processed by the SpeexEncoder and then written to the RandomOutputStream using the OggSpeexWriter.
protected override void OnSamples(long sampleTime, long sampleDuration, byte[] sampleData)
{
for (int i = 0; i < sampleData.Length; )
{
int len = Math.Min(sampleData.Length - i, temp.Length - tempOffset);
Buffer.BlockCopy(sampleData, i, temp, tempOffset, len);
if (len < temp.Length - tempOffset)
{
tempOffset += len;
}
else
{
tempOffset = 0;
speexEncoder.processData(temp, 0, temp.Length);
int encsize = speexEncoder.getProcessedData(temp, 0);
if (encsize > 0 && (memFile.InnerStream.Position + encsize < ((MemoryStream)memFile.InnerStream).Capacity))
{
writer.writePacket(temp, 0, encsize);
}
}
i += len;
}
}
Unfortunately, as this blog post comes out of a project for a client, I will not be providing a full code download for this blog post. But to make it a little easier for you, the code for the whole AudioSink looks like this
using System;
using System.Net;
using System.Windows.Media;
using org.xiph.speex;
using java.io;
using System.IO;
using cspeex;
namespace Curtin.AudioFeedback.AudioRecorder
{
public class StreamAudioSink : AudioSink
{
private SpeexEncoder speexEncoder;
private byte[] temp;
private int tempOffset;
private RandomOutputStream memFile;
private AudioFileWriter writer;
public RandomOutputStream MemFile { get { return memFile; } }
protected override void OnCaptureStarted()
{
AudioFormat audioFormat = CaptureSource.AudioCaptureDevice.DesiredFormat;
if (audioFormat.WaveFormat == WaveFormatType.Pcm)
{
speexEncoder = new org.xiph.speex.SpeexEncoder();
speexEncoder.init(2, 8, audioFormat.SamplesPerSecond, audioFormat.Channels);
int pcmPacketSize = 2 * speexEncoder.getChannels() * speexEncoder.getFrameSize();
temp = new byte[pcmPacketSize];
tempOffset = 0;
if (writer != null)
writer.close();
memFile = new RandomOutputStream(new MemoryStream(2 * 1024 * pcmPacketSize));
writer = new org.xiph.speex.OggSpeexWriter(2, audioFormat.SamplesPerSecond, audioFormat.Channels, 1, true);
writer.open(memFile);
writer.writeHeader("Encoded with Speex");
}
else
{
throw new Exception("Codec not supported");
}
}
protected override void OnCaptureStopped()
{
((OggSpeexWriter)writer).flush(true);
}
protected override void OnFormatChange(AudioFormat audioFormat)
{
}
protected override void OnSamples(long sampleTime, long sampleDuration, byte[] sampleData)
{
for (int i = 0; i < sampleData.Length; )
{
int len = Math.Min(sampleData.Length - i, temp.Length - tempOffset);
Buffer.BlockCopy(sampleData, i, temp, tempOffset, len);
if (len < temp.Length - tempOffset)
{
tempOffset += len;
}
else
{
tempOffset = 0;
speexEncoder.processData(temp, 0, temp.Length);
int encsize = speexEncoder.getProcessedData(temp, 0);
if (encsize > 0 && (memFile.InnerStream.Position + encsize < ((MemoryStream)memFile.InnerStream).Capacity))
{
writer.writePacket(temp, 0, encsize);
}
}
i += len;
}
}
}
}
So now that we have an AudioSink, we can go back to the actual recording code and start using it. So right before you call the Start() method on the CaptureSource, you should create a new StreamAudioSink and set the CaptureSource property to the CaptureSource.
audioSink = new StreamAudioSink() { CaptureSource = _captureSource };
After this is done, we can call Start() and start the recording. The sink will continuously process the data as it passes through and encode it into Speex format. When we stop recording by calling the Stop() method on the CaptureSource, we need to decode the Speex format to Wave format.
Decoding the Speex format to Wave format is not hard. Just create a new JSpeexDec instance. Tell it what destination format it should produce and if it should be stereo. Then call the decode() method, passing in a RandomInputStream and a RandomOutputStream.
public void Save(Stream stream)
{
JSpeexDec decoder = new JSpeexDec();
decoder.setDestFormat(JSpeexDec.FILE_FORMAT_WAVE);
decoder.setStereo(false); //true
Stream memStream = _audioSink.MemFile.InnerStream;
memStream.Position = 0;
decoder.decode(new RandomInputStream(memStream), new RandomOutputStream(stream));
}
The stream that is passed into the Save() method in this example will contain a valid Wave formatted audio stream. This can then be written to disk or passed to a webservice or what ever it might be used for.
I hope that this has given you a little insight in how to record audio in Silverlight in


text:
The motion of a particle in an optical field is determined by the interplay between the geometry of the incident optical
field, and the geometry and composition of the object. There are, therefore, two complementary roots to generating
a particular force field. The first, involving sculpting of the optical field with, for example, a spatial light modulator,
has been extensively developed. The second approach, which involves sculpting of the particles themselves, has been
highlighted recently, but has received much less attention [J. Gluckstad, Nature Photonics, 5, 7–8 (2011)]. However, as
modern fabrication methods advance, this avenue becomes increasingly attractive. In the following contribution we show
how computational methods may be used to optimize particle geometries so as to reproduce desirable forms of behaviour.
In particular, we exhibit a constant force optical spring for use as a passive force clamp in force sensing applications and a
high efficiency optical wing.


text:
Quasi-Experimental Design Definition
A quasi-experimental design is a research methodology that possesses some, but not all, of the defining characteristics of a true experiment. In most cases, such designs examine the impact of one or more independent variables on dependent variables, but without assigning participants to conditions randomly or maintaining strict control over features of the experimental situation that could influence participants' responses.
Example of a Quasi-Experimental Design
Quasi-experimental designs are most often used in natural (nonlaboratory) settings over longer periods and usually include an intervention or treatment. Consider, for example, a study of the effect of a motivation intervention on class attendance and enjoyment in students. When an intact group such as a classroom is singled out for an intervention, randomly assigning each person to experimental conditions is not possible. Rather, the researcher gives one classroom the motivational intervention (intervention group) and the other classroom receives no intervention (comparison group). The researcher uses two classrooms that are as similar as possible in background (e.g., same age, racial composition) and that have comparable experiences within the class (e.g., type of class, meeting time) except for the intervention. In addition, the researcher gives participants in both conditions (comparison and motivation intervention) pretest questionnaires to assess attendance, enjoyment, and other related variables before the intervention. After the intervention is administered, the researcher measures attendance and enjoyment of the class. The researcher can then determine if students in the motivation intervention group enjoyed and attended class more than the students in the comparison group did.
Interpreting Results from a Quasi-Experimental Design
How should results from this hypothetical study be interpreted? Investigators, when interpreting the results of quasi-experimental designs that lacked random assignment of participants to conditions, must be cautious drawing conclusions about causality because of potential confounds in the setting. For example, the previous hypothetical example course material in the intervention group might have become more engaging whereas the comparison group started to cover a more mundane topic that led to changes in class enjoyment and attendance. However, if the intervention group and comparison group had similar pretest scores and comparable classroom experiences, then changes on posttest scores suggest that the motivation intervention influenced class attendance and enjoyment.
The Pros and Cons of Using Quasi-Experimental Designs
Quasi-experiments are most useful when conducting research in settings where random assignment is not possible because of ethical considerations or constraining situational factors. In consequence, such designs are more prevalent in studies conducted in natural settings, thereby increasing the real-world applicability of the findings. Such studies are not, however, true experiments, and thus the lack of control over assignment of participants to conditions renders causal conclusions suspect.
- Cook, T. D., & Campbell, D. T. (1979). Quasi-experimental: Design and analysis issues for field settings. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
- Shadish, W. R., Cook, T. D., & Campbell, D. T. (2002). Experimental and quasi-experimental designs for generalized causal inference. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.


text:
A Department of Firsts
North Carolina State University's Department of Nuclear Engineering is the only nuclear engineering program in North Carolina and a premier nuclear engineering department in the United States.
Our department has a unique history. It is home to the first university-based nuclear reactor and associated Nuclear Reactor Program dedicated to teaching, research and extension. It is also the lead university in two unique consortia:
- The Consortium for Advanced Simulation of Light Water Reactors (CASL), funded by the Department of Energy, uses advanced computer simulations to create safer, more cost-effective nuclear power plants.
- The Consortium for Nonproliferation Enabling Capabilities (CNEC) is funded by the National Nuclear Security Administration's (NNSA's) Office of Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation (DNN R&D) Proliferation Detection Program (PDP). The mission of the PDP is to develop technologies to detect foreign nuclear weapons development activities; to support nuclear arms control treaties verification and monitoring for compliance; and to support national nuclear security more broadly.
- The National University Consortium (NUC), established by INL with North Carolina State University as one of the founding members, collaborates research that strengthens the portfolios of INL and universities and furthers the nation's strategic nuclear energy objectives.
In addition to the consortia, our department houses multiple research groups and programs:
- The 4th State Application Research Group (4-STAR), focuses in the area of industrial applications of plasma discharges, enhancing current plasma applications and developing new plasma applications for next generation material and device fabrication.
- The Center for Engineering Applications of Radioisotopes (CEAR), focuses in industrial and medical radiation and radioisotope measurement applications. The areas of interest include the optimum design and use of short-lived radioisotope tracers for unit processes, nuclear gauges, nuclear analyzers, nuclear oil well logging devices and computed tomography devices.
- The Nuclear Reactor Program (NRP), focuses to enhance, promote, and utilize the PULSTAR research reactor and associated facilities in an exemplary manner, leading to national recognition as a premier 1-MW Nuclear Reactor Program dedicated to research, teaching, and extension.
- The Radiation Detection Applications in Nuclear Security (RADIANS), focuses on applying advanced radiation measurement and analysis methods to meet current and future challenges to the missions of nuclear security.
- The Reactor Dynamics and Fuel Modelling Group (RDFMG), established at Penn State has been recently moved to North Carolina State University. RDFMG has established expertise and experience in developing, validation, and application of methodologies in core neutronics, core and system thermal-hydraulics, and coupled neutronics/thermal-hydraulics/fuel performance calculations.
Additionally, the department has faculty participating in collaborative research with other departments:
- The Center for Nuclear Energy Facilities and Structures, performs research on innovative but rigorous solutions to problems in nuclear power plants and to transfer this technology to the industry. These solutions reduce uncertainty, increase safety and reduce the cost of operation of existing plants and of building new ones.
As one of the smaller departments in the College of Engineering, interaction between faculty and students is high! Through our degree programs and research, we have increased opportunities for student learning in fission reactor engineering, radiation applications, nuclear materials, computational science, plasma science, radiological engineering and fusion engineering. Nuclear engineering graduates enter a wide spectrum of professions, from medical therapy and imaging to nuclear power production. Students find our department a challenging and collegial environment for study, research and innovation. We also encourage participation in student organizations.
Nuclear Engineering is a multidisciplinary field engaged in the development, design, deployment and analysis of methods and devices that utilize fundamental nuclear processes. These processes include natural and induced radioactive decay, the splitting of heavy atomic nuclei (fission), and the merging of light nuclei (fusion). Our undergraduate curriculum prepares students to step into industry or continue into graduate work. In the graduate programs, students work closely with faculty members in research thrust areas. Our programs include:
Some of our alums have been recognized by the department and college with Distinguished Engineering Alumni Awards for their exceptional accomplishments. Our graduates typically become leaders in their fields. They represent and give back to the department, creating a beneficial cycle of academic and professional success.We are very proud of our alumni, who remain part of this department always.


text: Big data for social transportation brings us unprecedented opportunities for resolving transportation problems for which traditional approaches are not competent and for building the next-generation intelligent transportation systems. Although social data have been applied for transportation analysis, there are still many challenges. First, social data evolve with time and contain abundant information, posing a crucial need for data collection and cleaning. Meanwhile, each type of data has specific advantages and limitations for social transportation, and one data type alone is not capable of describing the overall state of a transportation system. Systematic data fusing approaches or frameworks for combining social signal data with different features, structures, resolutions, and precision are needed. Second, data processing and mining techniques, such as natural language processing and analysis of streaming data, require further revolutions in effective utilization of real-time traffic information. Third, social data are connected to cyber and physical spaces. To address practical problems in social transportation, a suite of schemes are demanded for realizing big data in social transportation systems, such as crowdsourcing, visual analysis, and task-based services. In this paper, we overview data sources, analytical approaches, and application systems for social transportation, and we also suggest a few future research directions for this new social transportation field.


_USER_{10.4103/2321-1407.142903, title = {No more monkey business with impacted canines}, author = {Jay Bowman, S}, abstract = { Various treatment mechanics have been created to direct the eruption of impacted teeth, including the application of intraand interarch forces to some type of attachment on the affe cted teeth. The present communication describes the use of two simple auxiliaries, the Monkey Hook* and the Kilroy Spring*, for the directed eruption of impacted and/ or the correction of severely rotated teeth. }, volume = 4, journal = {APOS Trends in Orthodontics}, issn = {2321-4600}, issn = {2321-1407}, url = {_URL_ doi = {10.4103/2321-1407.142903} }


text:
BAL in the News
In 2015, a BAL learning initiative focused on the importance of racial diversity in the classroom was featured on WNYC:
The American School Counselor Association recommends a counselor-student ratio of 1:250. But the students are in impoverished districts, and many have been affected by the trauma that comes with living in neighborhoods with high crime rates, gang activity or unstable housing situations. Listen to the feature on WNYC below to hear our principal discuss the importance of this guidance.
"We have someone every year of the way through high school who's going to be able to make sure a kid is tuned in and focused on the academic prowess that's going to allow them to access college and careers," said Cardet-Hernandez.


Construction continues on Caldecott Tunnel 4th bore
February 7, 2011 8:06:52 PM PST
For the past five months, crews have been carving out the fourth bore of the Caldecott Tunnel. The $420 million project is still two years from completion, but crews have been working around the clock and facing some very real dangers.
For every five feet the road header carves through the East Bay hills, a thick coat of shotcrete is sprayed on the walls, bolts are drilled in for support, and another six inches of shotcrete finishes the process. It is repeated 24 hours a day.
When it is finished, the Caldecott Tunnel's fourth bore will be 4,000 feet long. But each day, the miners only advance 10-15 feet, hauling out 1,500 tons of muck.
So far, they are almost one-third of the way through and every day poses new challenges. The site is considered a "gassy" tunnel, which means something as simple as the electrostatic spark from a cell phone could turn a pocket of methane gas into a deadly fireball.
"It's all about safety; i's not an easy job, it could be dangerous if you're not smart," project superintendent Bill Monahan said.
A process called "brassing in and out" is mandatory. Brass tags indentify who is "in" and who is "out" of the bore. In the early days of tunneling, brass was used because of its high melting point of 1,700 degrees.
"In the event there is a fire, that won't melt; it'll survive the fire and the identifying imprint will still exist," project engineer Bob Smythe said.
Methane gas is also poisonous, so giant ducts constantly blast air into the tunnel.
"So if there was a pocket of methane or poisonous gas, it would be diluted before it got to the sensors," Smythe said.
As the crew tunnels through the Orinda formation and into the Claremont formation, geologists expect to find larger pockets of gas and more dangerous rock formations.
"Along the slick and slides blocks can fall down, break out of the face, and that makes it dangerous for the miners," geologist Gerhard Neuhuber said.
Neuhuber is the geologist hired to oversee the construction company's geologist. Despite the redundancy in safety measures, they had a sobering moment last November, when a large chunk of shotcrete broke off and injured two miners.
"It was about five feet long, and probably six to eight inches thick and three foot in width," Monahan said.
"They were putting the second level on there and they jumped on it too quick, well it just hadn't cured," Smythe said.
You know, you have always have to take care when you work inside a tunnel because something can happen," Neuhuber said. "You never can measure everything."
With all of his geological technology, Neuhuber says he could not have predicted the temperature's effect on the quality of shotcrete and leaking mountain water that may have loosened the shotcrete before it could dry. It is just another dangerous unknown the crews face as they mine their way through the mountain.
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You might think "legendary" lost treasure is the stuff of fiction, something you could only hope to find if you were a character in an Indiana Jones film. However, there are a vast array of lost treasures that actually exist in the real world, waiting to be found by whomever is willing to search hard enough for them. Keep reading to discover some of the most lucrative treasure hunting locations on the planet.
San Miguel
In the 18th century, Spain possessed an 11-ship fleet that carried a staggering $2-billion in treasures, including jewels, minerals and precious metals. The ships were last spotted near the coast of Florida, when they were thwarted in an attempt to make it back to their home destination before a devastating hurricane was due to hit. The ships immediately sank deep into the ocean's depths, killing the sailing crews aboard and burying all of the riches far below the sea. As of present, crews have unearthed seven out of the 11 ships. However, it is believed all of the treasure aboard is still missing. The San Miguel is the most noteworthy lost ship. It held the largest amount of Spanish treasure. If you have diving experience and are willing to travel to the Floridian coast or perhaps beyond, the San Miguel and its riches could be yours.
The Treasure of Forrest Fenn
Forrest Fenn, a military pilot and master of treasure hunting in his own right, thought his last living act would be scattering every valuable he'd amassed over the years across the country, leaving riddles for other adventurous people to use to find all $1-million worth. However, as of 2015, he is still alive and no one has managed to unearth any of Fenn's riches. If you dare, you could be the first person to find Fenn's treasure.
The Buried Treasure of Key West
Spain is yet again the source of this mysteriously-located wealth mine. Nuestra Senora de Atocha, a 17th century Spanish fleet, was swept up in a severe storm while passing by the Florida Keys. Several of its ships were unable to survive the storm and sank below the sea's surface, taking with it up to $700-million worth of valuables. Mel Fisher was able to find part of this massive prize, specifically around $500-million of it, during the mid-1980s. However, there is evidence that suggests more treasure waits to be found. The captain of the fleet wrote a manifesto detailing just how much treasure was loaded onto the fleet.
This is just a taste of hidden treasure troves that exist in the world. If you're interested in the idea of real treasure hunts, we can point you in the right direction. If you're interested in discovering more treasure hunting hotspots, contact us at our website. We provide a full network for treasure hunters to share and explore.


real estate
Restrictive covenants protect land value
Steve McLindenq_v2.gifDear Steve,
We are looking at a parcel of raw land. Do restrictive covenants on a property increase or decrease its value? We are told the land can't be subdivided into less than three-acre plots, and its uses must be either agricultural or single-family dwellings.
-- Sherie
a_v2.gifDear Sherie,
Restrictive covenants generally protect property values because they promote more tasteful construction and orderly land use. Such covenants are typically put in place by a developer, lot owner or homeowners association and usually stipulate the minimum size of a residence and number of lots that can be built there.
Covenants often spell out such concerns as how far a home can be set back from a street, where easements for power lines or roads can be located and what buildings can be constructed on the property. They also can impose limits on tree cutting and fences, among many other things.
Covenants aside, make sure you know the inherent limitations in buying raw land. If you plan to eventually build a home there, you may be expected to foot the bill for bringing power, gas, water and cable television to the land, assuming those services are not already there. Plus, you may have to build and maintain a road or gravel path to access your plot.
You can imagine how expensive this work can be. Some counties and cities require multiple permits for even minor aspects of construction, which can also run up the cost of construction as can unstable soil on your property. All of this will affect your investment, whether you build your own house or break up the land for resale to a potential homeowner.
Also, just how rural is this plot? Can you get a cell-phone signal out there? It would be prudent to check with some of the locals on winter road conditions, snow plowing and any issues they have with utility availability and cell-service consistency.
Make sure the land in question has been surveyed by an engineer or registered surveyor to avoid future lot-line disputes. To be safe, buy title insurance before you close on the parcel. You may discover there's a cattle easement on it.
If you do build your own house there, do a Web search first to see if there is a home-building consultant in your area who can walk you through some of the preliminary steps of building on raw land.
Investment-wise, restrictive covenants seldom decrease a land's value unless they are so restrictive that they chase away would-be buyers of good credit and character. The three-acre minimum the covenant is imposing is not uncharacteristic with a country plot. Your main concern should be with the protections you'll need when you're out there in the "raw."
Good luck.
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How to root Lenovo A630E.
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Specs | Reviews | Secret codes | Unlock | Root
Backup | Flash Firmware | Screenshot
How to root Lenovo A630E?
There is a lack of functionality on your Android smartphone Lenovo A630E? You want to get root access on this smartphone?
What is Root Android?
Root, or as it is also called the superuser, is needed to extend the functionality of the Android operating system.
In particular, on Unix and Android OS, users who perform actions (watching video, listening to audio, editing documents), work with the rights of guests, then they cannot edit or change / delete / modify system files, increase functionality. In the system, only the main administrator or as he is called the superuser (root) has this function.
What features does Root have on Android:
- Install third-party firmware, and custom ROMs.
- Remove unwanted advertising from applications.
- Remove apps and ringtones installed from the factory.
- Ability to modify system files: Recovery image, Bootloader.
- Increase the battery life.
- Increase the performance of android applications.
- Use a memory card to install applications.
What are the dangers of getting root access?
- A rooted phone cannot be repaired under the lost warranty.
- You will lose the ability to update the software on your phone.
- Your phone may break during this operation.
There are several universal tools that automate the root process and make them available to even the most novice users. One of the most famous is "Framaroot". This program allows you to root a very large number of different devices. And even if the name of your gadget is not listed in the list of supported ones, it still makes sense to try, because the probability of getting root is quite high.
Please charge and restart your phone before starting the operation.
To get root through the "Framaroot" program, follow these steps.
1. You need to download and install the latest version of the 'Framaroot' app on your phone.
2. Run the program. If your phone can be rooted, you will see a drop-down list of possible actions.
3. Choose one of the two options and wait for the message on the screen about the rooting result. If one method doesn't work, choose another..
framaroot framaroot
4. As soon as you receive a notification on the screen that the phone has been successfully rooted, restart the device.
Summary: Type: Mobile; Battery: Li-Ion 2000 mAh; CPU: Qualcomm Snapdragon MSM8625, 1.2GHz; Smart Phone OS: Android 4.1.2; Dimensions: 132 x 68 x 9.9 mm; Formfactor: Bar; Keyboard: Screen; Sidekeys: Volume, Power; Softkeys: 3; Weight: 150 g; Color: Yes; Colors: 16M; Other: Capacitive Touchscreen, Multitouch; Pixel aspect ratio: 1.50; Resolution: 854x480; Display PPI: 245; Screen Size: 4.5; Type: TFT; Audio: MP3, WMA, AAC, WAV, eAAC+, AMR-WB, MID, OGG, QCELP, QCP; Camera: 5MP, 2592x1944; Other: Video Recording, Autofocus; Secondcamera: None; Videocapture: YES; Videoplayback: H.263, MPEG4, H.264, 3GP, MP4, WEBM; Connectors: 3.5mm Audio; Network: CDMA2000 1XEVDO Rev.A, GSM, G ...
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Lenovo A630E


Buzz Meeting: Day 3 recap
Posted on
The third day of the MHTF Buzz Meeting was led in large part by five of the Young Champions of Maternal Health. The purpose of their session was for the meeting participants to come up with a fifth burning question about the current state of maternal health. The first two days of the meeting were focused by four questions developed by four provacateurs in collaboration with the MHTF team, but the fifth question afforded the opportunity to think of what was missing from the previous two days.
In five small groups, the meeting participants discussed what they felt was missing from the previous days and the maternal health discussion in general. While a complete consensus was not reached, many of the questions addressed similar issues. The list of questions included, but was not limited to:
 - How will we ensure that MH stays on the global agenda after the MDGs?
 - How do we strengthen implementation and grassroots – to include accountability, sharing of knowledge/best practices/funding?
 - Where are abortion, girls ed, nutrition and other issues that should be on this list?
 - Now that we know what we do, should we be focusing on interventions?
 - How can the global MH community work alongside community health champions?
 - How can we support accountability at local/national?
 - How can the MH field expand without losing focus?
 - How do we get down to local level?


Topic 5
Anatomy & Shot Placement
Anatomy & Shot Placement
Understanding the basic anatomy of an elk will help you make appropriate equipment and shot placement choices prior to your hunt.
Vital Organs
Let's first define the "vital organs" and the importance of choosing the vitals as an ethical shot. The most vital organs of elk and all game animals are the heart and lungs. A proper shot through the heart and/or lungs will offer the quickest kill, making it the most humane for the animal. These organs offer the best opportunity for a kill for firearm and archery hunters.
A double lung shot offers a hunter the best opportunity to take down an elk quickly. The lungs provide the largest target and by collapsing both lungs, the animal will be unable to travel a far distance. Though a heart shot will do the job as well, it presents a much smaller target and makes the margin of error smaller for the hunter. The heart is tucked behind the front shoulder towards the bottom of the body cavity. Miss low and you may miss all together, miss forward or high and you may hit shoulder blade (bone) losing necessary penetration.
Envision: You have an elk at 30 yards, whether you realize it or not your body will most likely release adrenaline and therefore you should expect heavier breathing, shaking and even enough excitement to make poor decisions. Would you rather have an inch margin of error or 4-5 inches?
Elk Shot Placement
Image Source: Wayne Trimm
So what tissue, muscle and bones do your arrows and bullets pass through to reach the vital organs?
By now, you have an understanding of just how BIG elk really are. For an animal of this size to support its weight, its "frame" or skeletal system must be sturdy and strong and must be supported by the necessary muscles and tissues for movement.
The scapula of an elk can have a thickness ranging from ¼ inch to 2 ½ inches! Add to that the thickness of the skin/hide, heavy muscles and tendons. There is a lot of matter your arrow or bullet must travel through to even REACH the vitals—and it still must PENETRATE them to make the kill!
Let's take a closer look at elk anatomy from different angles. A proper shot-placement opportunity makes for the most humane kill for the animal, and an easier recovery for you.
Only two shot angles offer shot-placement opportunities to make the ideal double lung or heart shot for both archery and firearm hunters. The hunter's ability to wait for one of these two shots will increase the chance of a successful harvest and decrease the chance of injury and non-recovery of the animal.
This is the ideal shot for most archery and firearm hunters. It provides the hunters with the largest target of the vital area behind the shoulder blade (scapula). Properly placed shots will have little bone to pass through, enabling more penetration to the vitals. This shot angle also provides the best opportunity to make a double-lung/heart shot and offers a quick humane kill.
Image Source:
Quartering Away
This shot offers another ideal shot-placement opportunity for hunters. The angle of the elk away from you will affect your shot placement for the proper entry and exit holes. An extreme quartering away shot will offer little room for error as the margin between the back hip and front shoulder shrinks as the angle of the elk away from the hunter increases. A slight quartering away angle will open up the vital area to the hunter and provide ample opportunity for a deep penetrating shot. The ability of a hunter to envision the arrow or bullet path through the elk is of high priority to successfully make a double lung shot.
Quatering Away
Image Source: Joe Lacefield
While elk will present hunters with other less-ideal shot opportunities such as a quartering toward shot, these shots are not recommended as there is a high chance of hitting bone, resulting in little to no penetration of the vitals. The ability for a hunter to successfully make a double-lung shot decreases and the margin of error becomes much smaller as well. Especially when taken by bowhunters, these shots present the most likelihood of injury to the animal causing potential infection and death over an extended period of time. Many hunters use calls to draw the bulls to get close. That presents a problem because the bulls usually walk straight towards the noise and don't present a broadside shot. Caller placement then becomes important.
Poor shot Placement
Image Source: Joe Lacefield


Our guides are catered for maximum efficiency to the role a user has while automating with HIRO™. Please select from the below if you're a Subject Matter Expert (SME) or an AI Expert (AIE).
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Expert who will teach HIRO how to automate processes they are knowledgeable on through a chat conversation where they answer questions regarding said processes and tasks within them.
Knowledge Expert (AIE)
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This role will be given to users who understand how HIRO works, and can edit HIRO's automatically generated code to ensure it has translated content from an SME's chat conversation correctly into Knowledge Items, which is what HIRO™ will use to automate.
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Admins are able to access HIRO™ and use it like AI Experts do, with the addedd permissions to the Admin application where they can carry out administrative tasks on their instance, such as user management.
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A HIRO™ Developer is responsible for creating and configuring the Action Handlers and Connectors planned in the Solution Design phase. They are familiar with the source and target systems, and the available HIRO™ APIs.


text:
Pendant in the Form of a Sawfish
In Ghana and the Ivory Coast, regions that acquired great wealth from the mining and trading of gold, rulers displayed their status by wearing a profusion of gold ornaments, even attaching such objects to umbrellas and swords. Although many of these ornaments are abstract geometric shapes, some represent human faces or animals, as in the piece shown here depicting a sawfish. Such works were made using the lost-wax casting method, in which a clay mold was made around a modeled wax form. The mold was then heated and the wax poured out, after which molten gold was poured in and solidified in the form of the original wax model.
- Cultures: Ebrié; or Adjukru; or Alladan
- Medium: Gold
- Geographical Locations:
- Dates: 19th century
- Dimensions: 2 3/16 x 3/8 x 2 15/16 in. (5.5 x 1 x 7.5 cm) (show scale)
- Collections:Arts of Africa
- Museum Location: This item is on view in South Gallery, 1st Floor
- Accession Number: 49.32.2
- Credit Line: A Augustus Healy Fund
- Rights Statement: Creative Commons-BY
- Caption: Ebrié. Pendant in the Form of a Sawfish, 19th century. Gold, 2 3/16 x 3/8 x 2 15/16 in. (5.5 x 1 x 7.5 cm). Brooklyn Museum, A Augustus Healy Fund, 49.32.2. Creative Commons-BY
- Catalogue Description: An oval body of open lattice work, edged by rows of circular openings. A long tail curves around one side and is made of wrapped 'threads.' The head is cylindrical with two projecting eyes. There are two rings for suspension. Condition: Very good.
- Record Completeness: Best (85%)


text:
Diabetes Medication Therapy Adherence Clinic (DMTAC)
MOH CPD Category A8: 5 points
1 APRIL 2017
List of authors:
- Albert Ting Siong Hung
- Ching Min Wei
- Malathi a/p Sriraman @ Jayaraman
- Navin Kumar a/l Loganadan
This module consists of five chapters on diabetes mellitus, its managements and complications, for the management of a Diabetes Medication Therapy Adherence Clinic (DMTAC).
Chapter 1 discusses the prevalence of diabetes in Malaysia and the impact of reducing glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) on complications of diabetes. This chapter describes the DMTAC services and its protocol in Malaysia, including the forms used in documentation of this DMTAC.
Chapter 2 summarises the latest Clinical Practice Guidelines (CGP) 2015 for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This chapter includes algorithms for the management of T2DM in different conditions and the types of patients.
Chapter 3 covers the various classes of oral antidiabetes agents, including the mechanisms of action, formulations and dosages, methods of administration, adverse reactions and contraindications.
Chapter 4 describes the types of insulin available either in government or private health institutions in Malaysia. This guide is meant for all healthcare professionals especially pharmacists involve in the management of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. It covers insulin regimens, initiation, optimisation and intensification, which serves as a guide during the DMTAC sessions.
Chapter 5 includes the prevalence of diabetes and its classifications. The classifications of diabetes cover the pathophysiology, risk factors, diagnosis, signs and symptoms, goals of treatment and complications. Complications of diabetes are described in details.
CONTENTS OF MODULE
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION TO DIABETES MEDICATION THERAPY ADHERENCE CLINIC (DMTAC)
1.1 STATUS OF DIABETES IN MALAYSIA IN THE PAST 20 YEARS
1.2 ADHERENCE STATUS OF DIABETES PATIENTS
1.3 IMPACT OF REDUCING HBA1C IN DIABETES COMPLICATIONS
1.4 WHAT IS MEDICATION THERAPY ADHERENCE CLINIC (MTAC)?
1.5 OBJECTIVES OF DIABETES MTAC (DMTAC)
1.6 BENEFIT OF PHARMACIST LEAD DIABETES CLINIC
1.7 DMTAC IN MALAYSIA
1.8 SCOPE OF DIABETES MTAC
1.9 PATIENT SELECTION
1.10 WORKFLOW OF DMTAC DURING FIRST VISIT
1.11 WORKFLOW OF DMTAC FOR SUBSEQUENT FOLLOW-UP VISITS
1.12 DMTAC FORMS AND TOOLS
1.13 DISCHARGE CRITERIA
1.14 SUCCESSFUL STORIES OF DMTAC IN MALAYSIA
CHAPTER 2: OVERVIEW OF CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDELINES: MANAGEMENT OF TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS (T2DM) 2015
2.1 SCREENING AND DIAGNOSIS OF T2DM
2.2 MANAGEMENT OF TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS
2.3 MANAGEMENT OF DIABETES EMERGENCIES
2.4 MANAGEMENT OF CHRONIC COMPLICATIONS
2.5 DIABETES IN SPECIAL POPULATIONS
2.6 PREVENTION OF T2DM
CHAPTER 3 : PHARMACOTHERAPY OF ORAL ANTIDIABETES AGENTS
3.1 CLASSES OF ORAL ANTIDIABETES AGENTS
- SULPHONYLUREAS (SUS)
- THIAZOLIDINEDIONES (TZDS)
- ALPHA-GLUCOSIDASE INHIBITORS (AGIS)
- DIPEPTIDYL PEPTIDASE-4 (DPP-4) INHIBITORS
- SODIUM-GLUCOSE CO-TRANSPORTER- 2 (SGLT-2) INHIBITORS
3.2 NON-ORAL/NONINSULIN PHARMACOTHERAPY
- INCRETIN MIMETICS : GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDE-1 (GLP-1) RECEPTOR AGONISTS
CHAPTER 4: INSULIN THERAPY IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS
4.2 INSULIN PREPARATIONS
4.3 ANALOG INSULIN 4.4 INSULIN REGIMEN
4.5 INSULIN INITIATION, OPTIMISATION AND INTENSIFICATION
4.5.1 Insulin Initiation
4.6 INSULIN INTENSIFICATION
4.7 INSULIN SIDE EFFECT
4.8 GENERAL GUIDELINES FOR LONG TERM USE OF INSULIN
4.9 INSULIN PUMP
CHAPTER 5.0 DIABETES AND CO-MORBID DISEASES
5.2 CLASSIFICATIONS OF DIABETES
>>> Please LOGIN with your existing MPS username/password details to begin.


text:
Tildenet Sphagnum Moss is a high-quality, natural, and sustainable growing medium made from the moss of the sphagnum plant. This product is ideal for use in a variety of horticultural applications, including gardening, floristry, and terrariums.
Sphagnum moss has a unique structure that provides excellent water retention properties, making it ideal for use as a soil amendment or for lining hanging baskets. It also has a natural antifungal and antibacterial property that helps to prevent plant diseases.
Tildenet Sphagnum Moss is harvested in a sustainable way, ensuring that the sphagnum moss beds are not depleted or damaged. It is cleaned and graded to ensure that only the highest quality moss is used in the product.
This product is perfect for use in orchid cultivation, as it provides excellent drainage and aeration properties, helping to prevent root rot and promote healthy root development. It is also an ideal choice for terrariums, as it helps to create a natural and attractive environment for plants and animals.
Tildenet Sphagnum Moss is completely natural and free from any harmful substances, making it safe to use for all types of plants. It is also pH neutral and does not affect the nutrient balance in the growing system, ensuring optimal plant growth and health.
Moss Bag Size 2 (for 2 x 12″ baskets)


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HS.FHIR.DTL.vSTU3.Model.Element.ExplanationOfBenefit.procedure
class HS.FHIR.DTL.vSTU3.Model.Element.ExplanationOfBenefit.procedure extends HS.FHIR.DTL.vSTU3.Model.Base.BackboneElement
Procedures performed.
Property Inventory
Parameters
parameter ELEMENTQUALIFIED = 1;
Inherited description: ELEMENTQUALIFIED controls the format of exported XML. The ELEMENTQUALIFIED specification should be based on the elementFormDefault attribute of the schema that defines the type. To maintain compatibility, ELEMENTQUALIFIED will default to 1 (true) for literal format export and will default to 0 (false) for encoded or encoded12 format export. These were the values always previously assumed for the elementFormDefault attribute.
NOTE: Direct use of XMLExport method does not support the ELEMENTQUALIFIED. The export must be done using %XML.Writer or SOAP support.
parameter XMLNAME = ExplanationOfBenefit.procedure;
Inherited description: This parameter provides the default XMLNAME for the class. If it is empty then the class name will be used to construct a default XML name. The default XMLNAME is used as the top level tag when exporting objects and the export context did not provide an XML container name.
parameter XMLPROJECTION = ELEMENT;
parameter XMLSEQUENCE = 1;
Inherited description: If the XMLSEQUENCE = 1, then the order of the XML elements must match the order of the class properties. This allows us to deal with XML where the same field appears multiple times and is distinguished by the order.
parameter XMLTYPE = ExplanationOfBenefit.procedure;
Inherited description: This parameter provides the default XMLTYPE for the class. If it is empty then the class name will be used to construct a default XML type.
The default XMLTYPE is used when naming and referencing this type in a schema and the schema context did not provide an XML type name.
Properties
property date as %String (MAXLEN = _PHONE_, XMLNAME = "date", XMLPROJECTION = "ATTRIBUTE");
dateTime
When the procedure was performed.
Property methods: dateDisplayToLogical(), dateGet(), dateIsValid(), dateLogicalToDisplay(), dateLogicalToOdbc(), dateNormalize(), dateSet()
property procedureCodeableConcept as HS.FHIR.DTL.vSTU3.Model.Datatype.CodeableConcept (XMLNAME = "procedureCodeableConcept", XMLPROJECTION = "ELEMENT") [ Required ];
CodeableConcept
Patient's list of procedures performed.
any FHIR3 code may be used; icd-10-procedures shows EXAMPLE codes, but you may use codes from any ValueSet.
Property methods: procedureCodeableConceptGet(), procedureCodeableConceptGetSwizzled(), procedureCodeableConceptIsValid(), procedureCodeableConceptNewObject(), procedureCodeableConceptSet()
property procedureReference as HS.FHIR.DTL.vSTU3.Model.Base.Reference (XMLNAME = "procedureReference", XMLPROJECTION = "ELEMENT") [ Required ];
Reference
Patient's list of procedures performed.
Procedure.
Property methods: procedureReferenceGet(), procedureReferenceGetSwizzled(), procedureReferenceIsValid(), procedureReferenceNewObject(), procedureReferenceSet()
property sequence as %Integer (XMLNAME = "sequence", XMLPROJECTION = "ATTRIBUTE") [ Required ];
positiveInt
Procedure sequence for reference.
Property methods: sequenceDisplayToLogical(), sequenceGet(), sequenceIsValid(), sequenceLogicalToDisplay(), sequenceNormalize(), sequenceSet(), sequenceXSDToLogical()
Inherited Members
Inherited Properties
Inherited Methods
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Hello everybody. For a purpose of consolidation of some result I am trying to set down, I need to construct an example to sustain the theory and I am looking for symplectic and Hamiltonian diffeomorphisms. So does someone can help me writing some non-trivial explicit examples of symplectic and Hamiltonian diffeomorphisms on compact surface? (at least examples for $S^2$ and $T^2$ ) NB : By surface I mean 2-dimensional manifold. Thanks a lot
share|improve this question
Sorry, what is a symplectic diffeomorphism on a manifold on which you haven't specified a symplectic structure? Do you mean a symplectic diffeomorphism of the cotangent bundle? – Qiaochu Yuan Jul 29 '11 at 15:45
The standard area forms on the torus and $S^2$ are symplectic structures. I assume those would be good for explicit examples. – Elizabeth S. Q. Goodman Jul 30 '11 at 8:24
In fact as long as you endow a symplectic structure, it doesn't matter which one it is because they are all isotopic up to a scaling. For example if you give two symplectic structures $\omega_i$, $i=0,1$ which represent the same cohomology class, which can always be done by scaling, then you just apply standard Moser's trick on $\omega_t=(1-t)\omega_0+t\omega_1$. You can see everything gets through because of the dimension reason. – Weiwei Jul 30 '11 at 17:36
Thanks all for your interest to my question. First of all, sorry for not being precise. So could use on $S^2$ $\sin\varphi d\theta\wedge d\varphi)$ in spherical coordinate or $d\theta\wedge d z$ in cylindrical coordinate. Feel free to consider the one that can be helpful. Besides, for $T^2$, $d\theta\wedge d\varphi$ where $\theta, \varphi \in S^1$ are general angular coordinates. – Tatou Papora Aug 1 '11 at 15:43
3 Answers 3
On an orientable 2-manifold (such as $S^2$ or $T^2$), the symplectic 2-form $\omega$ can be given by the signed area. In this case, symplectic diffeomorphisms are just those which preserve area and orientation.
Now, let's set aside the difference between diffeomorphisms and flows of vector fields (which is a complicated enough issue by itself), and just focus on the difference between symplectic and Hamiltonian vector fields.
A vector field $X$ is Hamiltonian if $ i_X \omega = dH $ for some Hamiltonian function $H$ (where $i_X$ is the contraction by $X$ and $d$ is the exterior derivative). On the other hand, $X$ is symplectic if the Lie derivative $L_X \omega$ vanishes. Applying Cartan's "magic formula" $L_X \omega = di_X \omega + i_X d \omega = d i_X \omega$ (since $\omega$ is closed), this means that $X$ is symplectic when $d i_X \omega = 0$. In summary, $X$ is Hamiltonian when $i_X \omega$ is exact, and symplectic when $i_X \omega$ is closed. The difference between these is given by the 1st de Rham cohomology of the manifold in question.
So, as Weiwei said, "symplectic" and "Hamiltonian" are identical on $S^2$, since $S^2$ is simply connected. On the other hand, they're not the same on $T^2$, since the torus has nontrivial 1st cohomology. Putting coordinates $(\theta,\phi)$ on $T^2$, the vector fields $\partial/\partial \theta$ and $\partial/\partial \phi$ are both symplectic but not Hamiltonian.
share|improve this answer
The difference between hamiltonian diffeomorphism and symplectomorphism that is isotopic to the identity is quite small and describe by the flux homomorphism (The breakthrough by Banyaga). So any symplectic isotopy (path to identity in the group of symplectiomorphisms) with zero flux is ended by an Hamiltonian diffeo. Precisely speaking, the isotopy can be made homotopic to hamiltonian isotopy having the same ends. – Tatou Papora Aug 1 '11 at 16:01
For $S^2$ all symplectic diffeomorphisms are hamiltonian, and the symplectomorphism group is homotopy equivalent to $SO(3)$. For other surfaces, I find the papers by Andrew Cotton-Clay helpful, for example _URL_ But of course, if you just want some hands-on non-trivial symplectomorphisms, I think Dehn twists would be interesting enough.
share|improve this answer
Sure. More than being homotopy equivalent it deformation retracts to $SO(3)$. One can find the proof in Mu-Tao's paper _URL_-005/2001-008-005-007.pdf. But the interst here is to handle an explicit diffeomorphism like one can write for example $f:\mathbb R\longrightarrow \mathbb R, x\mapsto \frac{x}{x^2+4}\sin(x)$ and whatever. – Tatou Papora Aug 1 '11 at 15:52
Sorry about the confusion. The point I mentioned this homotopy equivalence is to demonstrate that there aren't any specifically interesting Hamiltonians on $S^2$, and all hamiltonian are connected to one another. So unless you have further restrictions, e.g. requiring the symplectomorphism fixing a couple points etc., rigid motions are basically what you need to consider. But maybe you have more specific goals in your mind. – Weiwei Aug 1 '11 at 18:51
Ari's answer is good because you can see how even flowing along a symplectic vector field is not enough, but you could add a nice touch to the picture. Because a Hamiltonian diffeomorphism is exact, a simple closed curve $\gamma$ on a torus is non-displaceable: i.e., under a Hamiltonian flow $\phi^t$ the image $\phi^t(\gamma)$ will intersect $\gamma$, because together the two curves will bound a region of zero signed area. (If you're curious, the concept for this comes from symplectic quasi-states and quasi-measures, which tell you when subsets can be displaced by Hamiltonian flows. I haven't learned much about them.)
On the other hand, again as mentioned, rotation along one of the two angles of the torus is a perfectly good symplectic action that can never be Hamiltonian because it displaces simple closed curves. (I was saddened to hear that because this action is not Hamiltonian, the torus is not a toric manifold.)
share|improve this answer
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text:
Bandiana, consisting mainly of a military establishment, is immediately south-east of Wodonga in north-eastern Victoria.
Early authorities state that the name arose from an Aboriginal woman with bandy legs, but that view is most likely fanciful. A later authority states that the name is derived from an Aboriginal word meaning hill. While Bandiana is on flat ground, it is overlooked by Huon Hill to the north and Bears Hill to the south. (Charles Huon was a pioneer of Wodonga.)


text:
Throughout history, there have been numerous hotly-debated topics. That's even more so the case today—we'll debate about almost anything. But I don't think there's a segment of the population that debates issues so intensely as the web design and development community. Don't get me wrong, we certainly have some great debates about important topics, but whoa do we argue over some ridiculous stuff too. Look no further than the debate over, of all things, the pronunciation of an image format: GIF. Some people even go so far as to make a dedicated website of such things. Crazy, right? So anyway, I made this website on how to really pronounce GIF.
Why is it the correct pronunciation?
It's the most natural, logical way to pronounce it. That's why when everyone comes across the word for the first time, they use a hard G.
How is it the logical pronunciation?
Every word that starts with G, then a vowel, then an F, is pronounced with a hard G. For example:
Gaffe. Gift. Guff. Guffaw.
Most one-syllable words that start with G have a hard G (not an exhaustive list):
Gab. Gad. Gag. Gal. Gam. Gap. Gas. Gay. Get. Gig. Gill. Gimp. Gird. Girl. Git! Give. Go. Goal. Gob. God. Gone. Gore. Got. Guide. Guild. Guilt. Gull. Gulp. Gum. Gun. Gust. Gut. Guy.
The word "gift" is the closest word to GIF, and it has a hard G. To pronounce GIF, just say "gift" without the "t".
What about Gin, Gem, Gym, Geo, and Gel?
Gin is not a good counterexample because it's a drink derived from juniper berries, so its name is from the Dutch jenever for "juniper". Gem comes from the Latin gemma for "jewel". As for the other words, they are abbreviations of larger words, so they inherited their pronunciations.
Does the G in "GIF" stand for a word that has a soft G?
No, GIF is an acronym for Graphics Interchange Format. The word "graphics" does have a hard G, but that doesn't necessarily influence the pronunciation. That's why JPEG, an acronym for Joint Photographic Experts Group, is not pronounced jay-feg, but rather jay-peg. Pronunciation of acronyms tends to follow pronunciation rules like any regular word. So the point here is, because the word behind the G in GIF is "graphics", it eliminates any possible argument that could be made if the word happened to have a soft G.
Why does anyone pronounce GIF with a soft G then?
The creator of the GIF image format, Steve Wilhite of CompuServe, when deciding on the pronunciation, said he deliberately chose to echo the American peanut butter brand, Jif, and CompuServe employees would often say "Choosy developers choose GIF(jif)", playing off of Jif's television commercials. If you hear anyone pronounce GIF with a soft G, it's because they know something of this history. If the Jif peanut butter company never existed, he would have never pronounced GIF with a soft G.
Speaking of Steve Wilhite, when he explains the pronunciation of GIF, he himself has to explicitly write, "It's pronounced 'JIF'." He has to explain it this way because it goes against how it would naturally be pronounced.
Are there any valid arguments for pronouncing it "JIF"?
No. There are some websites out there (like this one) that try to convince people to use a soft G, but they rely solely on the way Steve Wilhite says it is. Mr. Wilhite was given a lifetime achievement award at the 2013 Webbys (Congratulations!). He used the occasion to mention again, "It's pronounced 'JIF'." In an article in the New York Times Blog, Bits, he says:
"The Oxford English Dictionary accepts both pronunciations. They are wrong. It is a soft 'G', pronounced 'jif'. End of story."
Not so fast. John Simpson, Chief Editor of the Oxford English Dictionary, disagrees with Mr. Wilhite:
"However, the pronunciation with a hard g is now very widespread and readily understood. A coiner effectively loses control of a word once it's out there…"
I'm sure you would agree, it's far more likely that these masters of the English language understand better than anyone how to pronounce a word.
Wilhite also mentioned that he is annoyed there is still debate over the pronunciation. To be frank, isn't it his own fault for choosing a pronunciation that simply doesn't make sense?
So what now?
Now you can go forth and freely pronounce GIF with a hard G as you naturally would, because you have every right to do so. If you feel compelled to honor the pronunciation given by the GIF's creator out of some sense of obligation, that's perfectly fine too. Just don't give those of us who pronounce it correctly a hard time. :-)


text:
Water control structures to be opened on Harris Chain
PALATKA – The St. Johns River Water Management District will open the Burrell and Moss Bluff locks and dams in Lake and Marion counties on Dec. 5 due to rising water levels. The structures will be open for the first time in more than 2½ years.
Lake levels on the Harris Chain are managed according to a flood control regulation schedule that requires releases once water levels reach certain elevations. The area has received above normal rainfall over the past year and lake levels have risen, leading to a return of the discharges.
"The District will release some water from lakes Dora, Harris, Eustis and Griffin because of the increasing water level in those lakes," said Jay Brawley, Lake Apopka and Upper Ocklawaha River Initiative leader for the District. "These releases will allow for flood protection and will return flow through the Harris Chain of Lakes and the Upper Ocklawaha River."
Management of lake levels allows for a variety of activities, including boating and fishing, and positively impacts ecologic functions. If the lake levels drop to minimum desirable levels, the District will re-evaluate the discharges.
An extended drought led the District to stop all discharges through the chain's water control structures in spring 2012. In June 2012, after receiving input from the public, the District's Governing Board voted to end discharges until water levels returned to the minimum desirable levels.
Because Lake Apopka is four inches below its minimum desirable level and 12 inches below regulation, no discharges are needed at this time through the Apopka-Beauclair Lock and Dam in Lake County. If the regulation schedule is reached for Lake Apopka, releases will begin there as well.