text:
oa Fundamina : A Journal of Legal History - Romeinse reg en regsgeskiedenis in die LlB-kurrikulum
In this article it is argued that Roman law and legal history should remain part of the LLB curriculum of South African universities - at least those which aspire to develop wellrounded, confident and educated graduates who can hold their own in an increasingly globalised society. In fact, both the SAQA minimum outcomes for the LLB degree and the practice requirements for LLB graduates (as indicated in the CHE report on the LLB curriculum 2010) place a high premium on a sound understanding of the fundamental principles of South African law and the ability to do research. SAQA mentions in particular that LLB graduates should be able to do comparative and legal historical research. A knowledge of Roman law and legal history is essential for the development of these competencies.
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Sheheke's Wife, Yellow Corn
Sheheke's Wife, Yellow Corn (1807)1
by Charles Balthazar Julien Fevret de Saint Memin
Pencil and charcoal on paper; 21-1/4 by 15-1/4 inches.
According to an observer at a New Year's Day celebration at Washington City in 1807, Yellow Corn had "pretty features, a pale yellowish hue, bunches of ear-rings, and her hair divided in the middle, a red line running right across from the back part of the forehead."2
1. The artist himself erroneously labeled the portrait, at the left edge, jeune indienne des iowas du missoury--"Indian girl of the Iowas of the Missouri." Ellen G. Miles, Saint-Memin and the Neoclassical Profile Portrait in America (Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1994), 434–35.
2. Ibid., p. 146.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text: Quinn Chapel AME Church, also known as Quinn Chapel of the A.M.E. Church, houses Chicago's oldest African-American congregation, formed by seven individuals as a nondenominational prayer group that met in the house of a member in 1844. In 1847, the group organized as a congregation of the African Methodist Episcopal Church, and named the church for Bishop William Paul Quinn. In the years leading up to the Civil War, the church played an important role in the city's abolitionist movement. The 1871 Great Chicago Fire destroyed the original church, and the congregation met for many years in temporary locations before purchasing the present site in 1890. The current structure, designed by architect Henry F. Starbuck and built in 1892 at 2401 South Wabash Avenue, is a reminder of the late 19th century character of the area. The church was designated a Chicago Landmark on August 3 1977, and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on September 4 1979. The church is considered architecturally significant, and is found in such books as "Chicago Churches: A Photographic Essay" by Elizabeth Johnson (Uppercase Books Inc, 1999) as well as "Chicago Churches and Synagogues: An Architectural Pilgrimage" by George A. Lane (Loyola Press 1982).

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


Learn the difference: Uninterested versus Disinterested
Quick question: when your friend keeps telling you a story that you have no interest in, are you uninterested or disinterested?
These two words sound similar but do not mean the same thing i.e. they are not synonyms.
Let's learn their correct usage today!
Uninterested means "have or show no feeling of interest; indifferent."
For example: A person who dislikes watching movies would be uninterested in watching the newly released thriller everyone is talking about.
The above example means that the person has no interest in watching movies and s/he finds it boring.
Disinterested means "impartial; unbiased by personal interest or advantage."
For example: A disinterested observer is best for our competition.
The above example means that a person who has no personal interest or advantage in the competition would be best to observe/judge it.
Uninterested versus Disinterested
To be uninterested means to be indifferent
To be disinterested means to be impartial
Both these words are derived from the word interest which originated from the Latin word interrese. Hence, they are easily confused.
Incorrect: Why do you seem so disinterested?
Correct : Why do you seem so uninterested?
Incorrect: We need an uninterested judge for the game.
Correct : We need a disinterested judge for the game.
So, to answer the question I asked in the beginning, you are uninterested in the story your friend tells you (and not disinterested)as it may be boring or uneventful.
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text: Headcut erosion is usually associated with the consumption and transformation of flow energy that occurs when runoff is used to transport sediment. Therefore, flow energy variations in the headcut erosion process are critical in the loess gully region of the Loess Plateau. The aim of this study was to clarify the effects of the flow discharge and slope gradient on flow energy and the response of the headcut erosion process in the gully region of the Loess Plateau. This study examined the headcut erosion process using slope gradients ranging from 1° to 7° in the upstream catchment area and downstream gully bed and inflow discharges ranging from 3.6 to 7.2 m3·h-1. The results showed that the slope gradient has a significant impact on the potential energy in the upstream catchment area; thus, changes in the slope gradients produced changes in the sediment yield. Moreover, the flow discharge significantly influenced not only the potential energy but also the kinetic energy in the upstream catchment area and downstream gully bed. The kinetic energy at the downstream gully bed was 0.03~0.16 J·s-1 lower than that in the upstream catchment area due to the flow drop at the gully head. Greater energy consumption occurred at the gully head than in the upstream catchment area and downstream gully bed, and the gully head contribution to the flow energy consumption was 44.30~64.29%, which increased with increasing flow discharge and decreasing slope gradient. The influence of the slope gradient on the sediment yield was more significant than that of the flow discharge, and a nonlinear regression equation was developed to estimate sediment the yield. The flow energy consumption was significantly correlated with the sediment yield. These findings could improve our understanding of the flow energy characteristics and headcut evolution process during headcut erosion.


text: This paper investigates the Single-GateSingle Electron Transistors (SG-SETs) based hybrid SETMOS logic circuits for ultra-low-power applications at room temperature. The methodological design of the proposed hybrid SETMOS logic circuits is compatible with 22- nm CMOS bias and process. The widely acclaimed Mahapatra-IonescuBannerjee (MIB) model is modified to implement the proposed SG-SET and hybrid SETMOS logic circuits using Verilog-A. Logic inverter, two-input NAND, NOR, AND, OR, EX-OR, and EX-NOR logic gates are simulated at room temperature using novel SETMOS hybridization. The proposed work is compared with the 22-nm CMOS counterpart (simulated with the same setup). We found that the reduction in total power dissipation by 98.04%, 96.45%, 94.65%, 93.7%, 92.63%, 93.52%, 95.57% using hybrid SETMOS NAND, NOR, AND, EX-OR and EXOR gates than 22 nm CMOS logic gates. The proposed work is compared with other works of literature. We also examined the robustness of the proposed logic circuits against temperature variations from 77 K to 500 K.


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Polluted legacy: Repairing Britain's damaged landscapes
The Industrial Revolution, which made Britain the powerhouse of the world in the 19th Century, may have been consigned to the history books but it has left a legacy of environmental problems.
Experts warn it continues to pollute drinking water, poison rivers and threaten flooding and in the process it fuels climate change and affects huge swathes of the modern landscape.
The mining of lead, tin and other metals is thought to have contaminated nearly 2,000 miles of waterways. Estimated repair costs run into the hundreds of millions.
Dr Hugh Potter, a mine pollution specialist for the Environment Agency, said: "The metals are going to continue to come out of these mines and spoil heaps for hundreds of years without any significant lowering of the impact.
"So unless we do something about it, it will have an impact for a very long time."
But recent attempts to undo some of this, and other examples of historical damage, have made notable headway.
Fresh research into mine pollution is being carried out, and last year a major project to clean up more than a century of colliery waste in County Durham won international recognition.
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RENDERMAN 22 DOCUMENTATION
Page tree
Contents
While Materials control the appearance of an object, patterns control the detail by varying the parameters of the material's Bxdf across a surface. This is similar to the way texture artists use textures to control the look of a material. RenderMan ships with a set of patterns that allow texturing, color correction, bumping, and various utility shading systems.
The patterns can be divided into the following categories:
Image Texture

Procedural Texture
Procedurally create noise and patterns.

Manifolds
Manifolds tell the renderer how to apply patterns on a surface. This controls features like repetition, placement, and size.

Bump
Create low amplitude embossing effects.

Geometry Nodes
You can use these nodes to calculate geometric properties and vectors.

Baking
These passthrough patterns are designed to allows users to bake arbitrary pattern networks.


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The Solling is a range of hills up to 527.8 m above sea level high in the Weser Uplands in the German state of Lower Saxony, whose extreme southerly foothills extend into Hesse and North Rhine-Westphalia.
Inside Lower Saxony it is the second largest range of hills and the third highest after the Harz (Wurmberg; 971 m) and the Kaufungen Forest (Haferberg; 581 m).
The Solling is a cultural landscape consisting mainly of spruce and beech forests.Oak also grows in some areas. The Solling forest is home of a number of animals and birds, for example Red deer or Common Chaffinch. They can best be observed in the Neuhaus wildlife park.
Together with the smaller and lower Vogler range and the little Burgberg to the north, the Solling is part of the Solling-Vogler Nature Park.
The main hills in the Solling include the following (heights given in m above Normalnull):
- Große Blöße (527.8 m)
- Großer Ahrensberg (524.9 m)
- Moosberg (513.0 m) – with Hochsolling observation tower
- Vogelherd (ca. 505 m)
- Dreiberg (493.5 m)
- Großer Steinberg (493 m) – with "Harzblick" observation tower
- Tünnekenbornstrang (490.1 m)
- Langenberg (484.6 m)
- Bärenkopf (473.0 m)
- Wolfsstrang (468.7 m) – with Gaußstein
- Schönenberg (457.1 m)
- Hasselberg (also called the Schrodhalbe; 452.5 m) – with TV tower
- Hahnenbreite (452.0 m)
- Alte Schmacht (447.5 m) – with transmission facility
- Eisernstieg (446.3 m)
- Strutberg (444 m) – with "Sollingturm" observation tower
- Großer Lauenberg (442.6 m)
- Wildenkiel (ca. 441 m)
- Auerhahnkopf (ca. 440 m)
- Hengstrücken (424 m)
- Buchholz (421.7 m)
- Sonnenköpfe (414.6 m; western peak)
- Sonnenköpfe (407.0 m; eastern peak)
- Junge Schmacht (388.0 m)
- Platte (379.7 m)
- Sommerberg (364.5 m)
- Kahlberg (224.7 m)
Villages and towns
Villages and towns in the Solling are:
Johannes Krabbe: Karte des Sollings von 1603, herausgegeben und eingeleitet von Hans-Martin Arnoldt, Kirstin Casemir und Uwe Ohanski, Verlag Hahnsche Buchhandlung Hannover 2004.
External links


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Beyond Pills and Meters: How Digital Therapeutics are Reshaping Diabetes Management
Diabetes management has traditionally relied on a combination of medication, blood sugar monitoring, and lifestyle adjustments. While these methods are crucial, they often involve significant burden and limitations. Enter digital therapeutics (DTx), a rapidly evolving field that leverages technology to offer personalized, data-driven interventions for chronic conditions like diabetes. This post explores how DTx is revolutionizing diabetes management, empowering individuals to take control of their health in a more engaging and effective way.
What are DTx for Diabetes?
DTx are evidence-based software-driven interventions designed to prevent, manage, or treat specific medical conditions. In diabetes management, DTx encompass a wide range of applications, including:
- Remote monitoring: Track blood sugar, activity levels, sleep patterns, and other vital signs through connected devices and apps.
- Personalized coaching: Receive tailored guidance on diet, exercise, medication adherence, and stress management based on individual data and preferences.
- Interactive education: Access gamified learning modules, educational videos, and personalized insights to understand and manage diabetes effectively.
- Behavioral change support: Utilize nudges, reminders, and rewards to encourage healthy habits and improve self-management skills.
Benefits of DTx for Diabetes Management:
DTx offers several advantages over traditional methods:
- Enhanced self-monitoring: DTx provides continuous data collection and analysis, empowering individuals to identify trends and proactively adjust their routines.
- Personalized care: Tailored interventions based on individual data and needs lead to more effective management and improved outcomes.
- Increased engagement: Gamification, interactive features, and personalized coaching make managing diabetes more engaging and enjoyable.
- Improved adherence: Reminders, nudges, and progress tracking can significantly improve medication adherence and lifestyle changes.
- Reduced burden: DTx eliminates the need for frequent clinic visits and finger pricks, offering convenience and flexibility.
Examples of DTx in Action:
Several DTx solutions are already making a difference in diabetes management:
- BlueStar: Provides personalized coaching, medication reminders, and gamified educational modules to improve glycemic control.
- Livongo: Offers connected glucometers, personalized coaching, and community support to empower individuals with diabetes.
- Dario: Combines a smart glucometer with an AI-powered coaching platform for personalized feedback and insights.
- WellDoc: Utilizes a virtual diabetes assistant that provides personalized coaching and support via text messages and phone calls.
Challenges and Considerations:
Despite the potential, some challenges need to be addressed:
- Data privacy and security: Ensuring the security of sensitive health data collected through DTx is crucial.
- Accessibility and equity: Cost and access to technology and data plans can exacerbate healthcare disparities.
- Integration with healthcare systems: Seamless integration with existing healthcare systems is essential for effective data sharing and clinical decision-making.
- Evidence base: While promising, some DTx solutions require further research to establish long-term efficacy and cost-effectiveness.
The Future of DTx in Diabetes Management:
The future of DTx in diabetes management is bright. As technology advances, we can expect:
- More advanced DTx solutions: Integration of artificial intelligence, machine learning, and big data analytics for even more personalized and effective interventions.
- Wider adoption and accessibility: Increasing affordability and accessibility will ensure DTx benefits everyone with diabetes.
- Seamless integration into healthcare: DTx will become a standard part of diabetes care, seamlessly integrated with existing healthcare systems.
Digital therapeutics are transforming diabetes management by offering personalized, data-driven tools that empower individuals to take charge of their health. While challenges exist, continuous advancements and collaborations across stakeholders hold immense promise for a future where DTx plays a central role in improving the lives of millions living with diabetes. Remember, the future of diabetes care might just be a tap away on your smartphone.
The Power of Multichannel Messaging and Social Media for Engaging Digital Therapeutic Patients: A Guide for Better Health Outcomes
Leverage RAVCARE's Multichannel Messaging and social media solutions today and unlock the true power of DTx for your patients.
RAVCARE's ambient technology ushers in a new era of digital therapeutics, one that emphasizes prevention over intervention. By continuously monitoring and addressing potential issues before they escalate, RAVCARE empowers individuals to take a proactive approach to their well-being.
If you're living with psoriasis, you don't have to navigate this journey alone. Explore how RAVCARE Digital Therapeutics can support you in achieving better treatment adherence and ultimately, a healthier future.


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The Cave Walkthrough
Puzzle 7: The Time Machine
Characters: Hillbilly, Time Traveler and Twins.
- Pull the three levers ahead to open the metal gate and take control of the Time Traveler to proceed forward, then teleport through the next rock formation to land in the area below and move right past the Time Machine.
- Climb the next ladder ahead to make a left at the top and teleport through another rock formation, then approach the boulder against the far wall to pull it backwards and stop in front of the wooden platform above.
- Use the boulder to reach the wooden platform above and collect the Fuse, then drop back to the ground to head right and descend the previous ladder to make another right at the bottom.
- Make your way down the next ladder ahead and turn left at the bottom to insert the Fuse into the box, then return to the room in which you previously acquired the fuse and approach the nearby boulder.
- Drag the boulder further backwards to plug the dirty pool of water and use the Time Machine to travel into the future, then teleport through the forcefield on the right and speak with the Greatest Employee of All Time.
- Turn back around to press the Museum Door Button and enter the Time Machine again to travel into the past, then climb the ladder on your right to move left at the top and approach the boulder against the wall ahead.
- Pull the boulder backwards to plug up the pool of water and head right to descend the previous ladder, then take control of the Hillbilly and climb the ladder past the Time Machine to make a right at the top.
- Examine the cave painting to see a picture of "A Hillbillies First Love" and climb back down the ladder to make a left at the bottom, then enter the Time Machine to travel to the future and move forward.
- Pass by the Greatest Employee of All Time and descend the second ladder you see ahead to move left at the bottom, then drop down the next two ledges to land on the ground below and jump the gap on your left.
- Examine the next cave painting to see a picture of "The Rebuffed Suitor", then turn back around and descend the ladder in front of you to head right at the bottom.
- Stop in front of the Dinosaur Exhibit and take control of the Time Traveler, then head right to climb down another ladder and move left at the bottom to drop down a pair of wooden ledges.
- Climb down another ladder to make a left at the bottom and jump the next gap ahead to reach Thog's table, then push the triangular stone to the right and stop at the end of the ledge.
- Take control of the Hillbilly to climb the ladder on your left and jump the gap to the right at the top to ascend a second ladder ahead, then move between the ledges above and continue towards the right.
- Ascend the next ladder ahead to return to the Time Machine and travel into the past, then move right climb down the third ladder at the end to make a left at the bottom and drop down a pair of wooden ledges to land on the ground below.
- Hang off the ledge on your left to drop safely to the ground below and approach the sleeping dinosaur in front of you to wake it up, then retreat to the opposite wall to avoid being eaten and take control of the Time Traveler.
- Push the triangular stone forward so that it falls through the gap and lands on the dinosaur's head below, then move right to reach the wall across from you and examine the cave painting to see a picture of "Jealousy Runs Deep".
- Return to the Time Machine to travel into the future and head right to jump forward past the third ladder at the end, then stop in front of the Rangfust display and take control of the Hillbilly again.
- Climb the ladder on your right to move between the wooden ledges above and proceed forward to pass by a second ladder ahead, then land in the next room below and push the boulder to reveal the crack in the ground.
- Take control of the Twins to enter the Time Machine and travel into the past, then make your way to the right until you reach the Well at the end and turn the crank to pull the bucket out of the water below.
- As the Time Traveler, pick up the Bucket laying nearby and return to the lower cave room where you defeated the dinosaur earlier.
- Scoop some Oil into your bucket and climb the next three ladders to reach the Combustion Engine above on the left, then pour the oil into the Intake and press the nearby Elevator Button.
- Ride the lift to the level above and pull the wheel in front of you back onto the elevator platform, then press the button to return to the floor below and push the wheel towards the left to return to the Time Machine.
- Travel to the past and push the wheel towards the right to drop it off the ledge at the end, then return to Thog's table and push the triangular stone forward until it falls on the head of the caveman below.
- Return to the Time Machine to travel into the future and head right to descend the third ladder at the end, then pick up the Smurg on your left and use the time machine again to travel into the present.
- Use the Smurg to unlock the door on your left and jump over the pit of spikes to proceed forward, then unlock a second door and descend the next ladder ahead.
- Proceed forward beneath the Twin's mansion to climb the next two rock ledges ahead and reach the three levers at the end to complete this puzzle.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Simulink Design Optimization
Magnetic Levitation Controller Tuning
This example shows how to use numerical optimization to tuning the controller parameters of a nonlinear system. In this example, we model a CE 152 Magnetic Levitation system where the controller is used to position a freely levitating ball in a magnetic field. The control structure for this model is fixed and the required controller performance can be specified in terms of an idealized time response.
Earnshaw's Theorem
Earnshaw's theorem proved that it is not possible to achieve stable levitation using static, macroscopic, classical electromagnetic fields. However the CE 152 system works around this by creating a potential well around the point at which the ball is to be suspended, thereby creating a non-inverse square law force. This is achieved by an inductive coil that generates a time varying electromagnetic field. The electromagnetic field is controlled through the use of feedback to keep the ball at the required location.
Model Description
The magnetic levitation system is a nonlinear dynamic system with one input and one output. Double-click the Magnetic Levitation Plant Model to open this subsystem. The input voltage is applied to a coil that creates the electromagnetic field. The output voltage is measured by an IR receiver and represents the position of the ball in the magnetic field. The diagram below outlines this system.
The physical system consists of a ball (with mass 0.00837 kg) which is under the influence of three forces:
 - The magnetic field produced by an inductive coil. This is modeled by the Power amplifier and coil block in the Simulink® model. The input to the inductor is a voltage signal and the output a current. The force from the coil depends on the square of the current, the air-gap between the coil and the ball, and the physical properties of the ball. This produces an upward acting force on the ball.
 - The gravitational force acting downwards
 - A damping force which acts in a direction opposite to the velocity at any instant of time
These three forces cause the resulting motion of the ball and are modeled in Simulink as shown.
open_system('maglev_demo/Magnetic Levitation Plant Model')
Non-linearities arising from saturation of the coil and changes in dynamics outside the limits of the magnetic field are also modeled in the Simulink Model. As the force from the coil decays according to an inverse square law larger voltages are required the further the ball is from the coil. The control signal is scaled to account for this and the scaling is included in the Control signal scaling blocks.
Control Problem Description
The requirement for the controller is that it be able to position the ball at any arbitrary location in the magnetic field and that it move the ball from one position to another. These requirements are captured by placing step response bounds on the position measurement. Specifically we require the following constraints on the ball:
 - Position constraint: within 20% of the desired position in less than 0.5 second
 - Settling Time Constraint: within 2% of the desired position within 1.5 second
To meet the control requirements we implement a Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller. For convenience the controller uses a normalized position measurement with a range from 0 to 1, representing the bottom-most and top-most positions of the ball respectively.
Simulink® Design Optimization™ and numerical optimization is ideally suited to tune the PID coefficients because:
 - The system dynamics are complex enough to require effort and time for analysis if we approach the problem using conventional control design techniques.
 - The controller structure is fixed
 - We have knowledge of the step response we require from the system.
Setting Constraint Values
Given the step response characteristic we desire, it is simple to specify the upper and lower bounds of the response. Double-click the Position Constraint block in the Magnetic Levitation Plant Model subsystem to view constraints on the position of the ball. The constraint lines may be moved using the mouse.
You can launch a pre-configured optimization task in SDOTOOL by first opening the model and by double-clicking on the orange block at the bottom of the model. From the SDOTOOL, press the Plot Current Response button to simulate the model and show how well the initial design satisfies the design requirements.
Defining Tuned Parameters
We select the PID controller parameters to tune by opening the Design Variables editor, as shown below
Running the Optimization
After specifying the optimization parameters and the required step response bounds we start the optimization by pressing the Optimize button from the SDOTOOL. During optimization, the plots are updated with the position of the ball for each iteration and the dark curve shows the final optimized trajectory of the ball (as shown below).
Verifying the Results
Once we complete the optimization, it is important to validate the results against other step sizes. A successful parameter optimization should be able to provide good control for all steps sizes close to the tuned step size of 1. Step sizes from.7 to 1 should be tested to confirm the controller's performance. The following plot shows the response to a step input from 0 to 0.85 at 0.1 seconds.
The verification step shows that controller's performance satisfies the requirements specified and the tuned parameter values are suitable for control. The tuned parameters could be used to provide baseline performance against which other control schemes can be compared, or a baseline for controllers for different operating regions.
% Close the model


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Indianism (in Portuguese: Indianismo) is a Brazilian literary and artistic movement that reached its peak during the first stages of Romanticism, though it had been present in Brazilian literature since the Baroque period.
In Romantic contexts, it is called "the first generation of Brazilian Romanticism", being succeeded by the "Ultra-Romanticism" and the "Condorism".
After the independence of Brazil from Portugal in 1822, a heavy wave of nationalism spread through the Brazilian people. Inspired by this, poets and writers began to search for an entity that could represent and personify the newly created Brazilian nation.
Since there was no Middle Ages in Brazil, it could not be the knight, as in the European chivalric romances; it could not be the Portuguese man either, since Brazilians still held resentment for the years of colonization; it could not be the black man either, since the mentality of the time did not allow it. Influenced by Enlightenment ideals, especially works by Jean-Jacques Rousseau and the "noble savage" myth, the authors chose the Brazilian Indian to represent the new nation.
Indianist works are characterized by always having an Indian as the protagonist. The poetry is very patriotic and nationalistic, exalting Brazilian fauna, flora, riches and people.


Support for ActiveX Controls
Using the VBScript interfaces for the Graphic module (Graphics Script, Screen Script, Command animation, and ActiveX Events), you can use this syntax to access properties and methods directly from any ActiveX Control object inserted in the screen where the object is configured.
IWS will assign a unique name to the object on the screen. You can use the Name property (in the Object Properties dialog) to modify this name.
After inserting an ActiveX Control object on the screen, you can access properties and methods from this object from any VBScript interface associated with this screen. Use the syntax Object_Name.Properties_or_Method_Name. Examples:
 //Access the value of the property Day from the CalendarControl1 ActiveX object CalendarControl1.Day //Triggers the method AboutBox from the CalendarControl1 ActiveX object CalendarControl1.AboutBox
Support for ActiveX Controls


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Extended Side Angle Pose
What is Extended Side Angle Pose?
Extended side angle pose, or utthita parsvakonasana in Sanskrit, is a standing pose that's often sequenced in between warrior poses. From warrior two, the yogi leans their torso toward their bent leg and reaches their arm in line with the torso. The pose provides a deep stretch to the groin and hamstrings.
- Begin in warrior two with the right leg bent.
- Exhale and lean the torso to the right. Rest the right forearm on the right thigh and reach the left arm overhead.
- To deepen the pose, exhale and lower the right fingertips to the floor. Stretch the left arm alongside the ear so that it's in line with the torso.
- Breathe while holding the pose.
- Inhale and return to warrior two. Change sides and repeat.
- Look toward the floor if there is neck pain
Benefits of Extended Side Angle Pose
- Strengthens the legs, knees and ankles
- Strengthens the core
- Stretches the groin and hamstrings
- Relieves shoulder stiffness
- Relieves sciatica
- Improves elimination
Extended Side Angle Pose Details
- Sanskrit Name
- Utthita Parsvakonasana
- oo-tee-tah PARSH-vah-ko-NAH-sah-nah
- Pose Level
- Urdhva (Toward the sky)
- Pose Type
- Core, Standing Poses, Strength


Using Policy Controller in a CI pipeline
This page describes how to integrate Policy Controller with Cloud Build by creating a Continuous Integration (CI) pipeline that checks policy validations synchronized with a Git repository.
If you are a developer and want to validate your app against company policies, read Validating your app against company policies in a continuous integration pipeline instead.
Creating a CI pipeline with Policy Controller allows you to:
 - Enforce defined policy configurations and provide feedback to developers as soon as possible. Policies allow platform admins to lock down access. Development teams must then comply with those policies rather than removing or circumventing them.
 - Set default fields on your Kubernetes Objects that should always be present. For example, you can automatically add labels for owners or cost center.
This page focuses on a Cloud Build CI pipeline using a GitHub config repository. You can use the same pattern to set up other CI tools or version control systems supported by Anthos Config Management.
This pipeline is built with KPT functions. KPT functions enable you to develop client-side container images to validate, transform, or generate Kubernetes configurations.
This topic uses pre-built KPT functions from the KPT Functions Catalog. A subset of the functions in the Catalog has been mirrored to a Google-supported Container Registry and is available to all projects.
Before you begin
 - You must have an Anthos entitlement to install Policy Controller using Anthos Config Management.
 - You need a cluster with Config Sync already installed.
 - Set up Policy Controller.
 - Have permission on your Google Cloud project, and have permission on the Cloud Build API. These permissions are required to enable the Cloud Build service account, see more details at Enabling APIs.
 - Enable Cloud Build in your project. This can be done through the Google Cloud Console.
Using an unstructured repo
This tutorial includes the option to use an unstructured repo. Unstructured repos do not require the default Anthos Config Management directory structure.
Configuring Cloud Build
You must grant the "Kubernetes Engine Developer" role to the Cloud Build service account in each Project where you configure the pipeline.
 1. Open the Cloud Build Settings page
 The Service account permissions page appears.
 2. Find the row that contains Kubernetes Engine and set the Status to Enabled.
For more information, see Setting service account permissions.
Setting up your environment
To configure Policy Controller to work with Cloud Build, see the example Git repo.
Clone the repo with git.
git clone
If you are using a hierarchical repo, you must edit configuration files in this repo after setting up Cloud Build.
Directory structure
In the repo anthos-config-management-samples, there are two directories that contain configs for a hierarchical repo (ci-pipeline/) and an unstructured repo (ci-pipeline-unstructured/). Choose the appropriate directory for your cluster type.
The ci-pipeline/ and ci-pipeline-unstructured/ directories in the repo use the following hierarchy:
 - config-root/ is the root of the repo and contains all of the configs for this example.
 - config-root/.../*-constraint.yaml and *-template.yaml define Policy Controller constraints and templates which all configs in config-root/ must pass.
 For example:
 - The file ci-pipeline/config-root/cluster/required-labels-constraint.yaml requires that each namespace must have a cost-center label.
 - The file ci-pipeline-unstructured/config-root/constraints/banned-key-constraint.yaml enforces that no ConfigMap Objects contain a field named private-key.
 For more information, see Creating constraints.
 - cloudbuild.yaml is the Cloud Build configuration file that defines build steps. These build steps are triggered by a commit to the repo.
 Using a hierarchical repo, the pipeline builds the contents of your repo with nomos hydrate, concatenates them, and validates them with Policy Controller.
 In an unstructured repo, Policy Controller builds your configuration without using nomos or connecting to your cluster.
 For more information on the contents of a configuration file, see Creating a basic configuration.
Configuring Cloud Build
In this section, you connect Cloud Build to your source repository so that Cloud Build can build the code in that repository.
Creating a build trigger
Cloud Build executes build triggers when a commit is pushed to the branch. To configure a build trigger in Google Cloud Console, perform the following steps.
 1. Open the Triggers page in the Google Cloud Console.
 Open the Triggers page
 2. Select your project from the project selector drop-down menu at the top of the page.
 3. Click Open.
 4. Click Create trigger.
 5. Create a Name for your trigger.
 6. For Event, select Push to a branch.
 7. Select your Repository. If you have not connected your repository, complete the following steps:
 1. Click Connect Repository.
 2. Select the repository where you've stored your source code.
 If you select GitHub (mirrored) or Bitbucket (mirrored) as your source repository, Cloud Build mirrors your repository in Cloud Source Repositories and uses the mirrored repository.
 3. Click Continue.
 4. Authenticate to your source repository with your username and password.
 5. From the list of available repositories, select the desired repository, then click Connect repository.
 8. From the list of available repositories, select the repository anthos-config-management-samples.
 9. Select your Branch, master.
 10. Under Build Configuration, set your Cloud Build Configuration File as ci-pipeline/cloudbuild.yaml or ci-pipeline-unstructured/cloudbuild.yaml.
 11. Click Create to save your build trigger.
You can also create build triggers with gcloud. For more information, see Creating and managing build triggers.
Configuring your repo
After Cloud Build is configured to connect to your repo, complete your configuration for Anthos Config Management.
 1. Edit the file csp-config-management/CODEOWNERS and replace _USER_ with your GitHub username or the email alias of the platform admin team. To learn more about the CODEOWNERS syntax, see About codeowners.
Select if you are using a hierarchical (default) or unstructured repo below.
 1. Edit the configuration file
 Edit the file csp-config-management/ci-pipeline/cloudbuild.yaml.
 Replace CLUSTER_NAME and ZONE with the cluster name and zone of a GKE cluster with Anthos Config Management and Policy Controller installed.
 No configuration change is necessary with an unstructured repo in this example. Anthos Config Management and Policy Controller validate your repo without connecting to your cluster.
 2. Add and commit your changes to the repo.
 cd ci-pipeline
 git add.
 git commit -m "[COMMIT_MESSAGE]"
 cd ci-pipeline-unstructured
 git add.
 git commit -m "[COMMIT_MESSAGE]"
 After the commit, Cloud Build runs a policy validation on the repo.
 3. Open your Cloud Build history and click the most recent Build.
 The Build Details page appears.
 4. The sample in the anthos-config-management-samples repo contains an error.
 Select the most recent build from the top of the list, that includes the icon.
 5. The last step that Cloud Build runs terminates with an error. The error follows.
 Error: Found 1 violations:
 [1] All namespaces must have a cost-center label that points to your division
 name: "shipping-prod"
 path: namespace_shipping-prod.yaml
 Step #2: Error: Found 1 violations:
 [1] The following banned keys are being used in the config map: {"private_key"}
 name: "super-secret"
 path: configmap.yaml
 6. Next, fix the error by editing a file in your repo.
 Edit the file /ci-pipeline/config-root/namespaces/online/shipping-app-backend/shipping-prod/namespace.yaml and set a value for metadata.labels.cost-center. Your namespace.yaml should look like the following:
 apiVersion: v1
 kind: Namespace
 name: shipping-prod
 env: prod
 cost-center: ""
 audit: "true"
 Edit the file /ci-pipeline-unstructured/config-root/configmap.yaml. Change the field named data.private_key to data.public_key. Your edited YAML looks like the following.
 apiVersion: v1
 kind: ConfigMap
 name: super-secret
 namespace: default
 public_key: no secrets here
 Next, commit and push your changes.
 git add.
 git commit -m "[COMMIT_MESSAGE]"
 git push origin [BRANCH]
 7. Open your Cloud Build history and click the most recent Build.
 The Build Details page appears.
 8. Your new build should be Successful.
Problem: My Cloud Build build fails and the history includes the following error.
 [1] KNV1021: No CustomResourceDefinition is defined for the type "" in the cluster.
 Resource types that are not native Kubernetes objects must have a CustomResourceDefinition.
Solution: Confirm your installation of Policy Controller.
What's next


text:
New Smyrna Beach
New Smyrna Beach occupies a notable place in history as the site of the largest single attempt at colonial settlement in what is now the United States. Dr. Andrew Turnbull, a Scottish physician and entrepreneur, obtained a grant of land from the British Crown. In 1768 he established a colony of 1,225 immigrants on the coastal plantations at New Smyrna, with a view toward the commercial production of such crops as corn, indigo, rice, hemp, and cotton. The land that the Turnbull colonists settled is located along the west bank of the Indian River, opposite one of coastal east Florida's relatively few inlets.
For some 10,000 years before the arrival of the Europeans, Native Americans inhabited the area, initially on a nomadic basis and later in more sedentary camps and villages. Until the early twentieth century, the coastline was strewn with mounds of ancient refuse that testified to the presence of the Indians. Most of the mounds were destroyed, the shell used for roads and building construction material. However, much evidence of prehistoric habitation remains hidden under ground and water within the corporate limits of New Smyrna Beach and beyond. Read Complete History


Kitchen Krafts
Make Your Own … Bubbles
(Note: Do this activity outdoors.)
1/4 cup good quality liquid dishwashing detergent4 cups water
large container (for dipping the straw frame)
35″ (89 cm) length of cotton kite string
2 plastic drinking straws 7 3/4″ (19.7 cm) long
 1. 1.
 In a bowl, mix the dishwashing detergent with the water and pour into the container.
 2. 2.
 Thread one end of the string through each straw and tie both ends in a knot.
 3. 3.
 Holding one straw with each hand, form a frame and put it into the solution. As you slowly take it out, a film will form on the frame (see illustration). Hold your arms out in front of you and slowly pull the frame to the side. The air will force the film off and make bubbles. You can change the bubble patterns by the way you move or shake the frame. To close off one large bubble, twist the frame towards you. The bubble will form a sphere and drift away.
Make Your Own … Baking-Soda Clay
2 cups baking soda
1 cup cornstarch
food coloring (optional)
1 1/4 cups water
 1. 1.
 In a saucepan, mix the baking soda with the cornstarch.
 2. 2.
 Stir a few drops of food coloring in the water, if desired, then add it to the mixture and stir. Cook the mixture over medium heat, stirring continuously. When the mixture looks like moist mashed potatoes, remove the pan from the stove.
 3. 3.
 Put the clay on a large plate and cover it with a damp cloth. As soon as the clay is cool enough to handle, knead it until it is smooth. It can be used several weeks if it is stored in a tightly closed plastic bag in the refrigerator.
Make Your Own … Finger Paint
2 cups water
food coloring
1/3 cup cornstarch
1/3 cup warm water
 1. 1.
 In a saucepan, bring 2 cups water and desired coloring to a boil.
 2. 2.
 Put the cornstarch into a small bowl, dissolve it with 1/3 cup warm water, then gradually stir it into the boiling water. Stirring constantly, bring the mixture to a boil again. Then remove the pan from the heat and let it cool.
[photos] Photos by Welden Andersen, posed by models


Plotting equations using EZPLOT – Matlab
Plotting is a very important step in the study of a system, since it helps understand the behavior and the restrictions of system with the less effort possible.
Plotting an equation is not always an easy task especially if you have to work out all the parameters manually, luckily nowadays there are tons of tools that help plot equations.
Matlab is the most popular tools out there when it comes to the study of system, and in this post we are going to work with some basic equations, Matlab, and most importantly make use of EZPLOT for plotting equations.
Plotting equations in Matlab using EZPLOT
 Ezplot Matlab example
plot-equation-in-matlab
To plot this equation in Matlab using the EZPLOT, We will write the equation the following way
plot-equation-in-matlab
Now type the following code and press ENTER
ezplot('y-x^3-x^2+x-1',[-5 5 -5 5])
And you will obtain the following figure
plotting-in-matlab
If you would like to have more information about the command we just used, you can find it by using the following code
doc ezplot
While using the EZPLOT, the structure of the code is the following
ezplot(fun,[xmin,xmax,ymin,ymax])
Where fun is the equation, xmin and xmax are respectively the lower and the highest value of x, ymin and ymax the lowest and highest value of y. If the most interesting part of the graph your are plotting is happening in a larger interval than the one we just plotted, you may need to increase the value of xmin, xmax, ymin and ymax.
tchouken2
Related Posts


Secret Behind The Jewish Question Circumcision Trauma Based Mind Control
Roger Dommergue (full name Roger Dommergue Polacco de Menasce; b. 1923), is a French speaking Jewish professor, philosopher, and essayist, known for his writings concerning alternative medicine and his Holocaust scepticism.
Dommergue is a critic of contemporary claims concerning the Holocaust, Hitler, and National socialist Germany. He is especially critical of the claim that the number of Jews killed in the Holocaust was six million, as he claims that there were not even this number of Jews living in Germany or occupied Europe.
Dommergue is a critic of brit milah, claiming that infant circumcision performed on the 8th day after birth constitutes an infantile trauma and negatively affects hormone development, as Dommergue claims that the 8th day after birth is the beginning of the first puberty which lasts for 21 days thereafter. He claims that the endocrinologist Dr. Jean Gautier has given evidence of this.


IEP Goals and Measuring Progress
Review the Present Level of Academic Achievement and Functional Performance (PLAAFP) example.
Based on the provided PLAAFP, write a narrative in 750-1,000-words that includes the following for Dan, the case study student:
1.Three annual, measureable goals/objectives.
2.Three to four action steps for achieving the goals.
3.An explanation of how Dan and his family will be involved in setting the goals and monitoring his progress.
Rationalize your choices.
Last Updated on February 2, 2018 by EssayPro


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How to Replace the Motor Pulley in a Maytag Dryer
Maytag automatic dryers use a motor pulley system to control the movement of the tumbler drum. A belt connects to the pulley system and wraps around the drum. Each Maytag dryer model uses the same type of motor pulley system. If the pulley becomes damaged, the belt will not connect properly, preventing the drum from rotating. Replace a faulty motor pulley to keep a Maytag dryer operating properly.
 1. Unplug the power cord from the wall socket. Remove the pair of screws located along the bottom of the front panel.
 2. Lift the front panel straight up to disconnect it from the Maytag dryer.
 3. Disconnect the electrical connector leading to the door switch. Set the front panel aside.
 4. Remove the screws connecting the shroud cover to the dryer cabinet. The shroud cover is a metal object directly in front of the drum. Lift the shroud cover out of the dryer cabinet.
 5. Pull the idler pulley toward the front of the dryer to loosen the belt. Slide the belt off the motor pulley.
 6. Loosen the screws holding the motor pulley in place. Remove the motor pulley from the dryer.
 7. Position the new motor pulley into the dryer cabinet. Connect the screws that hold it in place.
 8. Position the belt around the new motor pulley. Push the idler pulley toward the rear of the dryer to tighten the belt.
 9. Replace the shroud cover inside the Maytag dryer. Connect the screws securing it to the cabinet.
 10. Replace the front panel. Connect the door switch connector into its socket. Install the screws on the bottom of the front panel.
Things You Will Need
 - Phillips screwdriver
About the Author
David Clair began writing for websites in 2001, creating online marketing content for business owners. He has written for Internet companies including eBay and creates training materials for an online education company. Clair is studying technical writing and pursuing an Associate of Arts in information technology from the University of Phoenix.


Disable indexing service In XP

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At first you need to know what is windows indexing service ? Indexing Services is a system process indexes and updates lists of all the files that are on your computer. When you search for something on your pc, it helps to search faster by scanning the index lists. If you don't use search on your computer often, then you can disable file Indexing service from windows to save some system resources. Because it uses a large amounts of memory. Did you heard noise when your pc was idle? Ever wondered why noisy? The answer s Indexing Service often makes a computer noisy. To disable this service follow this steps:
1. Click Start button then go to Control Panel
2. Then Double-click on Add/Remove Programs and Click the Add/Remove Windows Components icon on the left side of the window.
3. A window named Windows component wizard will show up like this screen-shot
4. then you have to look for the "Indexing Services" component in the list
5. Uncheck the Indexing Services and Click Next
6. And finally Click Finish
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nineteen + sixteen =


text:
Dekalb County, Alabama Wills and Estates, _PHONE_. Volume I: Estates A-JJ, Volume II: Estates K-Z
The work at hand, abstracted by Dorothy S. Duff and arranged in two volumes–each with its own index–encompasses the genealogical essence of all extant Dekalb County wills and estates. The arrangement of these abstracts follows the organization of the originals themselves: alphabetical according to estate record name. For each record Mrs. Duff provides the name, box number, file number, year of probate, and all other names in the will or estate. In many cases the abstracts designate the status of persons named in the probate records–for example, widow, deceased, minor, administrator, bondsman, creditor, attorney, apprentice, and so forth. In all, this groundbreaking work names more than 30,000 individuals who appear in the wills and estates of Dekalb County during nearly its first century of existence.
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text:
POPCORN SAFETY TIPS
- When selling popcorn in your neighborhood always have an adult or buddy with you.
- Never enter a stranger's house without an adult.
- Keep checks and cash in a separate envelope with your name on it.
- Always walk on the sidewalk whenever possible.
- Never sell at night.
- Always be courteous.
POPCORN SALES TIPS
Ten ways to make a popcorn sale.
- Ask your parent to be the first to buy popcorn.
- Ask your relatives to buy popcorn. (Married brothers and sisters)
- Ask your neighbors to buy popcorn.
- Ask the parents of your friends (not in Scouts) to buy popcorn.
- Take a popcorn order form to your place of worship and ask people to buy popcorn during coffee/fellowship hour (get permission first).
- Ask your parents if they can take a popcorn order form to work and ask their co-workers to buy popcorn.(They may need to get permission first.)
- Ask your patrol or den to schedule a "Super Sale Day". This is a day when your fellow Scouts select a neighborhood and go door-to-door as a group to ask people to buy popcorn.
- Ask a parent or fellow Scout to go door-to-door with you in your neighborhood to ask people to buy popcorn.
- Ask your parents or relatives if they give out gifts during the holiday season. If yes, ask them to consider giving out popcorn (in a tin decorated for the holidays) as a holiday gift.
- ALWAYS WEAR YOUR UNIFORM!
Customer Check List
- Religious Friends
- Area businesses
- Married Brothers & Sisters
- Parent's Work
- Unit Leaders
Don't forget last year's customers. Make sure you kept your sales form from last year and ask each of them to buy again.
Have a parent in your pack or troop that owns his/her own business? Do they send Christmas gifts to employees/customers? Ask them to send popcorn this year.


text:
THE ZENITH EFFECT: A CASE STUDY
Published on 22nd October 2022
The nature of asset inspection is that each presents individual challenges. Many solutions have been promised over recent years, yet most haven't lived up to the hype. However, today's technology brings a whole different level to NDT testing, such as that proven by Interactive Ariel's innovative inspection camera, Zenith.
The following looks at a typical example of how this vertical space inspection instrument can overcome many of the historical issues associated with closed space and/or working at height inspection.
The asset in question was a 22 ft (6.7 m) sphere tank used to store vinyl fluoride. Legislation demanded regular inspections of the tank, something that had previously been actioned by the erection of interior complex scaffolding. Once done, inspectors carried out the work, manually inspecting the walls of the tank for any cracks, damage or deterioration. This took up to two days, after which the scaffolding needed to be removed.
The total time to carry out the process took four days, something that site owners, DuPont, were keen to reduce. They also wanted to remove the need for dangerous human entry to a confined space and the need for scaffolding.
Interactive Ariel was keen to show how Zenith could overcome all of the traditional challenges. The inspection camera has been designed for just such a task, using a combination of advanced systems to allow fast, safe operation that returned superior inspection data.
Zenith consists of a stabilised camera that's lowered from a multi-configuration tripod into a vertical space. The construction of the tripod is such that even entry points that are offset to where the camera is set up are easy to overcome, something that was necessary for this particular task. The camera can capture 4k video, 18Mp images and has a 30x optical zoom. This is further complemented by integral lighting of 10,000 lumens, enough for even the darkest of areas.
The camera was lowered into the asset using its battery-powered Smart Winch system, meaning no manual operation is needed during the inspection. Working with an intuitive handheld controller, the inspector can stand up to 900 metres away and watch real-time images on an HD screen. The camera can be rotated around 360o, focusing on any required area. The advanced operation of Zenith allowed the inspector to capture images with the same zoom level and frame overlap accuracy, even though the camera was at varying distances from the walls, due to the asset's spherical shape.
The results were exactly what DuPont had hoped for, and included:
- A reduction of asset downtime from four days to only 30 minutes (for the actual inspection to take place)
- 100% inspection coverage of the tank's interior
- No need to break the plane for confined space entry
- A dramatic reduction in inspection costs – saving three days downtime and $25,000 (US dollars) in scaffolding costs
This is just one example of how effective Zenith can be for vertical inspections. In addition, the system is simple to use and can be operated by anyone, with no need for prior training.
Advanced robotic solutions are certainly the way forward for what are now antiquated inspection processes. Companies that are embracing such methods are reaping the benefits. In a world where industry competitiveness is more complex than ever, the reduction of time and cost of inspection tasks is essential. Never has the time been so right to discover how to overcome your business challenges. Zenith is but one solution. Are you aware of what else is out there?


28.1 Uninstalling the Identity Vault
Before you uninstall the Identity Vault, you must understand your eDirectory tree structure and replica placements. For example, you should know whether you have more than one server in the tree.
 1. (Conditional) If you have more than one server in your eDirectory tree, complete the following steps:
 1. (Conditional) If the server where you installed eDirectory holds any master replicas, promote another server in the replica ring to be a master before you remove eDirectory.
 For more information, see Managing Partitions and Replicas in the NetIQ eDirectory Administration Guide.
 2. (Conditional) If the tree on the server where you installed eDirectory holds the only copy of a partition, either merge this partition into the parent partition or add a replica of this partition to another server and make it the master replica holder.
 For more information, see Managing Partitions and Replicas in the NetIQ eDirectory Administration Guide.
 3. Perform a health check on the eDirectory database. Fix any errors that occur before proceeding.
 For more information, see Keeping eDirectory Healthy in the NetIQ eDirectory Administration Guide.
 2. Uninstall the Identity Vault:
 Use the Control Panel utility for adding and removing programs. For example, on Windows Server 2012 R2, click Programs and Features. Right-click NetIQ eDirectory, then click Uninstall.
 3. (Conditional) If you have more than one server in your eDirectory tree, complete the following steps:
 1. Delete any server-specific objects left in the tree.
 2. Perform another health check to verify that the server was properly removed from the tree.
 For more information, see Keeping eDirectory Healthy in the NetIQ eDirectory Administration Guide.


Rail profile
Rail profile
Rail from 1896
Cross-sections of flat-bottomed which can rest directly on the sleepers, and bullhead rails which sit in chairs (not shown).
The rail profile is the cross sectional shape of a railway rail,[1] perpendicular to the length of the rail.
In all but very early cast iron rails, a rail is hot rolled steel (once wrought iron) of a specific cross sectional profile (an asymmetrical I-beam) designed for use as the fundamental component of railway track.
Unlike some other uses of iron and steel, railway rails are subject to very high stresses and have to be made of very high quality steel. It took many decades to improve the quality of the materials, including the change from iron to steel. Minor flaws in the steel that pose no problems in reinforcing rods for buildings can, however, lead to broken rails and dangerous derailments when used on railway tracks.
By and large, the heavier the rails and the rest of the trackwork, the heavier and faster the trains these tracks can carry.
The rails represent a substantial fraction of the cost of a railway line. Only a small number of rail sizes are made by steelworks at one time, so a railway must choose the nearest suitable size. Worn, heavy rail from a mainline is often reclaimed and downgraded for re-use on a branchline, siding or yard.
Contents
Rail weights and sizes
Two commonly used rail profiles: a heavily worn 50 kg-profile and a new 60 kg-profile
The weight of a rail per length is an important factor in determining rails strength and hence axleloads and speeds.
Weights are measured in pounds per yard or kilograms per metre; the pounds-per-yard figure is almost exactly double the kilograms-per-metre figure. Rails in Canada, the United Kingdom and United States are still described using imperial units. In Australia, metric units are now used as in mainland Europe.
In rail terminology Pound is used synonymously with pounds per yard, e.g. a 132 pound rail means a rail of 132 lb/yd.
Europe
Rails are made in a large number of different sizes. Some common European rail sizes include:
 - 40 kg/m (80.6 lb/yd)
 - 50 kg/m (100.8 lb/yd)
 - 54 kg/m (108.9 lb/yd)
 - 56 kg/m (112.9 lb/yd)
 - 60 kg/m (121 lb/yd)
In the countries of former USSR 65 kg/m (131 lb/yd) rails and 75 kg/m (151.2 lb/yd) rails (not thermally hardened) are common. Thermally hardened 75 kg/m (151.2 lb/yd) rails also have been used on heavy-duty railroads like Baikal-Amur Mainline, but have proven themselves deficient in operation and were mainly rejected in favor of 65 kg/m (131 lb/yd) rails.[2]
North America
Weight mark on a jointed segment of 155 lb/yd (76.9 kg/m) "Pennsylvania Special" rail, the heaviest grade of rail ever mass produced
The American Society of Civil Engineers (or ASCE) specified rail profiles in 1893 for 5-pound-per-yard (2.48 kg/m) increments from 40 to 100 pounds per yard (19.8 to 49.6 kg/m). Height of rail equaled width of foot for each ASCE tee-rail weight; and the profiles specified fixed proportion of weight in head, web and foot of 42%, 21% and 37%, respectively. ASCE 90 lb/yd (44.6 kg/m) profile was adequate; but heavier weights were less satisfactory. In 1909 the American Railway Association (or ARA) specified standard profiles for 10 lb/yd (4.96 kg/m) increments from 60 to 100 lb/yd (29.8 to 49.6 kg/m). The American Railway Engineering Association (or AREA) specified standard profiles for 100 lb/yd (49.6 kg/m), 110 lb/yd (54.6 kg/m) and 120 lb/yd (59.5 kg/m) rails in 1919, for 130 lb/yd (64.5 kg/m) and 140 lb/yd (69.4 kg/m) rails in 1920, and for 150 lb/yd (74.4 kg/m) rails in 1924. The trend was to increase rail height/foot-width ratio and strengthen the web. Disadvantages of the narrower foot were overcome through use of tie-plates. AREA recommendations reduced the relative weight of rail head down to 36%, while alternative profiles reduced head weight to 33% in heavier weight rails. Attention was also focused on improved fillet radii to reduce stress concentration at the web junction with the head. AREA recommended the ARA 90 lb/yd (44.6 kg/m) profile.[3] Old ASCE rails of lighter weight remained in use, and satisfied the limited demand for light rail for a few decades. AREA merged into the American Railway Engineering and Maintenance-of-Way Association in 1997. By the mid-20th century, most rail production was medium heavy (112 to 119 lb/yd/55.6 to 59.0 kg/m) and heavy (127 to 140 lb/yd/63.0 to 69.4 kg/m) Sizes under 100 lb/yd (49.6 kg/m) rail are usually for lighter duty freight, low use trackage, or light rail. Track using (100 to 120 lb/yd (49.6 to 59.5 kg/m)) rail is for lower speed freight branch lines or rapid transit (for example, most of the New York City Subway system track is constructed with 100 lb/yd (49.6 kg/m) rail). Main line track is usually built with 130 lb/yd (64.5 kg/m) rail or heavier. Some common North American rail sizes include:[4]
 - 75 lb/yd (37.2 kg/m) (ASCE)
 - 85 lb/yd (42.2 kg/m) (ASCE)
 - 90 lb/yd (44.6 kg/m) (ARA)
 - 100 lb/yd (49.6 kg/m) (AREA)
 - 105 lb/yd (52.1 kg/m) New York Central Railroad
 - 115 lb/yd (57.0 kg/m) (AREA)
 - 119 lb/yd (59.0 kg/m) Colorado Fuel and Iron
Some common North American crane rail sizes include:
 - 12 lb/yd (5.95 kg/m)
 - 20 lb/yd (9.9 kg/m)
 - 25 lb/yd (12.4 kg/m)
 - 30 lb/yd (14.9 kg/m)
 - 40 lb/yd (19.8 kg/m)
 - 60 lb/yd (29.8 kg/m)
 - 80 lb/yd (39.7 kg/m)
 - 85 lb/yd (42.2 kg/m)
 - 104 lb/yd (51.6 kg/m)
 - 105 lb/yd (52.1 kg/m)
 - 135 lb/yd (67 kg/m)
 - 171 lb/yd (84.8 kg/m)
 - 175 lb/yd (86.8 kg/m)
Australia
Some common Australian rail sizes include:
 - 30 kg/m (60.5 lb/yd)
 - 36 kg/m (72.6 lb/yd)
 - 40 kg/m (80.6 lb/yd)
 - 47 kg/m (94.7 lb/yd)
 - 50 kg/m (100.8 lb/yd)
 - 53 kg/m (106.8 lb/yd)
 - 60 kg/m (121 lb/yd)
 - 68 kg/m (137.1 lb/yd) (no longer production)
 - 50 kg and 60 kg are the current standard, although some other sizes are still manufactured.[5]
 - Some American sizes are used on northwest Western Australian iron ore railways.
History
Fishbelly edge rails laid on stone blocks
Cross sections of early rails
Early rails were used on horse drawn wagonways, originally with wooden rails,[6] but from the 1760s using strap-iron rails, which consisted of thin strips of cast iron fixed onto wooden rails.[7] These rails were too fragile to carry heavy loads, but because the initial construction cost was less, this method was sometimes used to quickly build an inexpensive rail line. Strap rails sometimes separated from the wooden base and speared into the floor of the carriages above, creating what was referred to as a "snake head." However, the long-term expense involved in frequent maintenance outweighed any savings.[8][9]
These were superseded by cast iron rails which were flanged (i.e. 'L' shaped) with the wagon wheels being flat, an early exponent being Benjamin Outram. His partner William Jessop had pioneered the use of "edge rails" in 1789 where the wheels were flanged and, over time it was realised that these worked better.
The earliest of these in general use were the so-called cast iron fishbelly rails from their shape. Rails made from cast iron were brittle and broke easily. They could only be made in short lengths which would soon become uneven. John Birkinshaw's 1820 patent,[10] as rolling techniques improved, introduced wrought iron in longer lengths, replaced cast iron and contributed significantly to the explosive growth of railroads in the period 1825-40. The


Crafting an Item
A character who has the time, the money, and the needed tools can use downtime to craft armor, weapons, clothing, or other kinds of nonmagical gear.
Resources and Resolution. In addition to the appropriate tools for the item to be crafted, a character needs raw materials worth half of the item's selling cost. To determine how many workweeks it takes to create an item, divide its gold piece cost by 1000. A character can complete multiple items in a workweek if the item's combined cost is 1000 gp or lower. Items that cost more than 1000 gp can be completed over longer periods of time, as long as the work in progress is stored in a safe location.
Multiple characters can combine their efforts. Divide the time needed to create an item by the number of characters working on it. Use your judgment when determining how many characters can collaborate on an item. A particularly tiny item, like a ring, might allow only one or two workers, whereas a large, complex item might allow four or more workers.
A character needs to be proficient with the tools needed to craft an item and have access to the appropriate equipment. Everyone who collaborates needs to have the appropriate tool proficiency. You need to make any judgment calls regarding whether a character has the correct equipment. The following table provides some examples.
Alchemy KitAntitoxin, Potion of Healing
Leatherworker's ToolLeather Armor, Boots
Smith's ToolsArmor, Weapons
Weaver's ToolsCloaks, Robes
If all the above requirements are met, the result of the process is an item of the desired sort. A character can sell an item crafted in this way at its listed price.
Crafting Magic Items.
Creating a magic item requires more than just time, effort, and materials. It also requires you track down rare materials and the lore needed to create the item.
Potions of healing and spell scrolls are exceptions to the following rules.
FIRST, a character needs a formula for a magic item in order to create it. The formula is like a recipe. It lists the materials needed and steps required to make the item.
SECONDLY, a item invariably requires an exotic material to complete it. This material can range from the skin of a yeti to a vial of water taken from a whirlpool on the Elemental Plane of Water. Finding that material should take as part of an adventure.
The Magic Item Ingredients table gives an indication of what CR monster you may have to face to collected the required materials. Note that facing a creature does not necessarily mean that the characters must collect items from its corpse. Rather, the creature might guard a location or a resource that the characters need to access to.
Magic Item Ingredients
Item RarityCR Range
Very Rare13-18
FINALLY, In addition to collecting this resource, creating an item comes with a gold piece cost covering other materials, tools, and so on, based on the item's rarity. Those values, as well as the time a character needs to work in order to complete the item, are shown on the Magic Item Crafting Time and Cost table. Halve the listed price and creation time for any consumable items.
Magic Item Crafting Time and Cost
Item RarityWork Weeks*Cost*
Common150 gp
Uncommon2200 gp
Rare102,000 gp
Very Rare2520,000 gp
Legendary50100,000 gp
* Halved for Consumable Items, like potions.
*Halved for a consumable item like a potion or scroll
To complete a magic item, a character also needs whatever tool proficiency is appropriate, as for crafting a nonmagical object, or proficiency in the Arcana skill.
If all the above requirements are met, the result of the process is a magic item of the desired sort.
Complications. Most of the complications involved in creating something, especially a magic item, are linked to the difficulty in finding rare ingredients or components needed to complete the work. The complications a character might face as byproducts of the creation process are most interesting when the characters are working on a magic item: there's a 10 percent chance for every five workweeks spent on crafting an item that a complication occurs. The Crafting Complications table provides examples of what might happen.
Crafting Complications
1Rumors swirl that what you're working on is unstable and a threat to the community
2Your tools are stolen, forcing you to buy new ones.*
3A local wizard shows keen interest in your work and insists on observing you.
4A powerful noble offeres a hefty price for your work and is not interested in taking no for an answer.
5A dwarf clan accuses you of stealing its secret lore to fuel your work.*
6A competitor spreads rumors that your work is shoddy and prone to failure*
*Might involve a rival.
Brewing Potions of Healing.
Potions of healing fall into a special category for item crafting, separate from other magic items. A character who has proficiency with the herbalism kit can create these potions. The times and costs for doing so are summarized on the Potion of Healing Creation table. If you own the correct amount of Spineflower Berries, you may craft these potions without paying the gold cost.
Potion of Healing Creation
Healing1 day25 gp1
Greater Healing1 week100 gp5
Superior Healing3 weeks1,000 gp25
Supreme Healing4 weeks10,000 gp100
Potion of Mana Reference
Greater ManaRare1d4+2
Superior ManaVery Rare2d4+4
Scribing a Spell Scroll
With time and patience, a spellcaster can transfer a spell to a scroll, creating a spell scroll.
Resources. Scribing a spell scroll takes an amount of time and money related to the level of the spell the character wants to scribe, as shown in the Spell Scroll Costs table. In addition, the character must have proficiency in the Arcana skill and must provide any material components required for the casting of the spell. Moreover, the character must have the spell prepared, or it must be among the character's known spells, in order to scribe a scroll of that spell.
If the scribed spell is a cantrip, the version of the scroll works as if the caster were 1st level.
Spell Scroll Costs
Spell level TimeCost
Cantrip 1 day15 gp
1st 1 day25 gp
2nd 3 days250 gp
3rd 1 workweek500 gp
4th 2 workweeks2,500 gp
5th 4 workweeks5,000 gp
6th 8 workweeks15,000 gp
7th 16 workweeks25,000 gp
8th 32 workweeks50,000 gp
9th 48 workweeks250,000 gp
Complications. Crafting a spell scroll is a solitary task, unlikely to attract much attention. The complications that arise are more likely to involve the preparation needed for the activity. Every workweek spent scribing brings a 10 percent chance of a complication, examples of which are on the Scribe a Scroll Complications table.
Scribe a Scroll Complications
1You bought up the last of the rare ink used to craft scrolls, angering a wizard in town.
2The priest of a temple of good accuses you of trafficking in dark magic.*
3A wizard eager to collect one of your spells in a book presses you to sell the scroll.
4Due to a strange error in creating the scroll, it is instead a random spell of the same level.
5The rare parchement you bought for your scrolls has a barely visible map on it.
6A thief attempts to break into your workroom.*
*Might involve a rival
Collecting Materials
When adventuring, its possible to find common and exotic materials which are used to craft new objects and gear. In this section you will find new rules for collecting materials, which can be used for crafting new weapons, armor, clothing, and other kind of gear.
Material Sources
When the characters are camping in a forest, exploring an abandoned mine, diving in the ocean, or surviving in a dungeon, they can also search and gather raw materials for crafting.
Every day, characters can collect materials while traveling through the wild or exploring a dungeon or a cave. These materials can be found by mining a mineral vein, gathering plants and herbs for potions and other concoctions, and harvesting or collecting creature parts for later use.
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BASF Agricultural Solutions UK
What are the implications of crop lodging?
According to John Nix's guide, the gross margin on a crop of feed wheat is £656/ha. Early lodging at ear emergence can result in up to 75% yield loss. In financial terms, this is a cost of almost £500/ha. We want to help you to reduce your lodging risk and maximise your profitability.
So how can I reduce my lodging risk?
Crop Variety
Varieties have different resistance to lodging scores as each variety demonstrates differences in terms of growth habit (height, tillering capacity, stem strength and speed of establishment). Varieties with a score of 7 or less on the Recommended Lists should be considered at risk of lodging. Be sure to check the Recommended Lists on the HGCA website.
Drilling Date
Earlier drilled crops can produce heavier ears which have a higher yield potential. These heavy ears put weight on the stem, meaning a crop with higher yield potential is more likely to lodge. It has been estimated that each tonne per hectare above 9 t/ha reduces the resistance to lodging score by 0.5 points. As a result, delaying drilling can be a useful cultural control to help reduce lodging risk.
Nitrogen Applications
The AHDB Nutrient Management Guide is a great place to start to understand your nitrogen (N)requirements [link:]. Residual nitrogen in the soil from previous crops can significantly affect lodging risk by creating thick, dense canopies that are more prone to stem lodging. Delayed and reduced applications of nitrogen can help to manage canopy size and reduce lodging risk.
Plant Population
A high seed rate can increase the risk of root lodging, where the plant's rooting structure is insufficient to hold it upright against the leverage of the rest of the plant. Reducing the seed rate can help to reduce lodging risk, as well as disease risk.
Spring Rolling
Weather permitting, spring rolling can help to consolidate soils, creating a better structure for plant roots to anchor into. Spring rolling should occur before GS30 to avoid crop damage.
PGR applications
A good plant growth regulator, such as Canopy or Medax Max will reduce plant height, improve rooting and increase straw strength. All of these agronomic benefits help to reduce lodging risk. What's more, with two active ingredients, BASF PGRs are fast acting and reliable at a range of growth stages and temperatures.


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If you're a YouTube creator or a die-hard fan who loves engaging with your favorite online personalities, then you've probably heard about YouTube Super Chat and Super Stickers. These exciting features allow you to show your support during live streams by highlighting your messages or sending eye-catching stickers that creators can see and respond to. In this article, we'll explore the ins and outs of YouTube Super Chat and Super Stickers, providing you with all the tips and tricks you need to make the most of these interactive tools. So get ready to take your online interactions to the next level and make a lasting impact on your favorite creators!
Understanding YouTube Super Chat
YouTube Super Chat is a feature that allows creators to monetize their live streams by allowing viewers to purchase chat messages that are highlighted during the stream. This feature provides a way for creators to interact with their fans in real-time while also generating revenue.
How does YouTube Super Chat work?
When a viewer purchases a Super Chat, their message is pinned to the top of the chat section for a specific duration, depending on the amount they spend. The more a viewer spends, the longer their message will stay at the top. This not only grabs attention but also helps the creator to easily spot and respond to Super Chat messages.
Benefits of using YouTube Super Chat
Using Super Chat during live streams offers several benefits for both creators and viewers. For creators, it provides a source of income and allows them to engage with their most dedicated fans. It also helps creators to stand out in the chat section, as their Super Chat messages are more prominent. For viewers, Super Chat offers the opportunity to have their messages noticed by the creator and the live chat community. It allows for a more meaningful interaction and support for their favorite creators.
Enabling and Setting Up Super Chat
To enable Super Chat on your YouTube channel, you must meet certain eligibility requirements. You need to be at least 18 years old, have monetization enabled, and adhere to YouTube's terms and policies. Additionally, your channel must be based in a country where Super Chat is available.
Enabling Super Chat on your YouTube channel
To enable Super Chat on your channel, go to YouTube Studio and navigate to the Monetization tab. From there, click on the Super Chat option and follow the prompts to set it up. It's important to carefully review and accept the terms of service before proceeding.
Setting up payment options
To receive payments from Super Chat, you need to set up your payment options. YouTube supports various payment methods, including credit cards and PayPal. Choose the option that works best for you and provide the necessary information to ensure a seamless payment process.
Using YouTube Super Chat during Livestreams
How to activate Super Chat during a livestream
To activate Super Chat during a livestream, you need to start a live stream on your YouTube channel. Once the stream is live, viewers will have the option to purchase Super Chats and have their messages highlighted. As the creator, you can easily identify Super Chat messages as they will appear at the top of the chat section.
Customizing Super Chat settings
YouTube provides creators with the ability to customize their Super Chat settings. You can choose the duration of time that Super Chat messages stay pinned to the top, as well as set a maximum and minimum purchase amount. These settings allow you to tailor the Super Chat experience to best fit your channel and audience.
Managing Super Chat messages
As a creator, it's important to effectively manage Super Chat messages during your livestream. You can use the moderation tools provided by YouTube to moderate and block any inappropriate or spammy messages. Remember to engage with Super Chat contributors by acknowledging their messages and responding to them during the stream.
Moderating and monitoring Super Chat
Moderating Super Chat messages is crucial to maintaining a positive and inclusive chat environment. YouTube offers moderation features that allow creators to monitor and moderate Super Chat messages. This includes blocking specific keywords, blocking users, and hiding inappropriate messages. By actively managing Super Chat, you can ensure a safe and enjoyable experience for all viewers.
Optimizing Super Chat to Maximize Benefits
Promoting Super Chat in advance
To maximize the benefits of Super Chat, it's important to promote it in advance. Let your audience know that you are using Super Chat and explain how it works. Encourage them to participate by highlighting the value and benefits they will receive by using Super Chat during the livestream. Building anticipation can help increase engagement and participation.
Engaging viewers through Super Chat
Super Chat provides an excellent opportunity to engage with your viewers in real-time. Encourage your audience to send Super Chats by asking questions, requesting feedback, or offering exclusive perks for Super Chat contributors. Engaging viewers through Super Chat will not only increase their participation but also make them feel valued and connected to your channel.
Creating exclusive Super Chat perks
To further incentivize Super Chat contributions, consider creating exclusive perks for Super Chat users. This could include offering shoutouts, showcasing Super Chat messages on the screen, or providing access to exclusive content or merchandise. By providing exclusive benefits, you can encourage more viewers to participate in Super Chat and support your channel.
Leveraging Super Chat analytics
YouTube provides analytics specifically for Super Chat, allowing you to track the performance and impact of your Super Chat messages. Use this data to understand which messages are most successful, which time frames generate the most engagement, and which tactics lead to increased Super Chat contributions. This information will help you optimize your Super Chat strategy and maximize its benefits.
Super Stickers: Enhancing User Interaction
Introduction to YouTube Super Stickers
In addition to Super Chat, YouTube also offers Super Stickers as a way to enhance user interaction during live streams. Super Stickers are animated images that viewers can purchase and send as a form of support and engagement. They add a visual element to the chat section and allow viewers to express themselves in a fun and unique way.
Using and customizing Super Stickers
Using Super Stickers is simple for both viewers and creators. Viewers can select from a variety of animated stickers, each with its own price. Creators can customize the Super Stickers available on their channel, selecting the ones that align with their brand and audience. This customization allows for a more personalized and engaging Super Sticker experience.
Benefits of incorporating Super Stickers
Incorporating Super Stickers into your livestreams can provide several benefits. They offer an additional way for viewers to support your channel and engage with your content. Super Stickers also add a visual appeal to the chat section, making the livestream more dynamic and entertaining for viewers. By utilizing both Super Chat and Super Stickers, you can create an interactive and rewarding experience for your audience.
Monetizing with YouTube Super Chat
Earning revenue through Super Chat
One of the primary benefits of Super Chat is the ability to monetize your livestreams. When viewers purchase Super Chats, a portion of the revenue goes to the creator. The exact percentage depends on your channel's monetization agreement with YouTube, but Super Chat can provide an additional stream of income for creators.
Managing and withdrawing Super Chat earnings
YouTube provides creators with tools to manage and track their Super Chat earnings. In your YouTube Studio, you can view detailed analytics and reports that provide insights into your Super Chat revenue. When it's time to withdraw your earnings, you can easily set up your payment preferences and withdraw funds through YouTube's payment system.
Super Chat Best Practices
Establishing reasonable Super Chat pricing
When setting the pricing for your Super Chat messages, it's important to establish reasonable prices that align with the value you provide. Consider your audience's willingness to pay and ensure that the prices are affordable and fair. Finding the right balance between generating revenue and encouraging participation will maximize the benefits of Super Chat.
Creating Super Chat guidelines
To maintain a positive and inclusive chat environment, it's essential to create Super Chat guidelines. These guidelines should outline acceptable behavior and content for Super Chat messages. Be clear about what is allowed and what is not, and enforce these guidelines consistently. By setting clear expectations, you can ensure a safe and respectful community for all viewers.
Acknowledging Super Chat contributors
A key practice when using Super Chat is acknowledging and appreciating Super Chat contributors. Take the time to read their messages aloud during the livestream and express your gratitude for their support. This simple act of recognition helps to strengthen the bond between creators and their most dedicated fans.
Balancing Super Chat with content delivery
While Super Chat offers the opportunity to generate revenue, it's important to balance its use with content delivery. Ensure that the livestream remains engaging, informative, and entertaining for all viewers, regardless of their participation in Super Chat. Maintaining a balance will create a more enjoyable experience for both Super Chat contributors and non-contributors.
Exploring Super Chat Alternatives
Other YouTube monetization options
While Super Chat is a popular monetization option, it's not the only one available for YouTube creators. YouTube offers various other monetization options, such as channel memberships, merchandise shelves, and YouTube Premium revenue. It's worth exploring these alternatives to find the combination that best suits your channel and content.
Comparison with YouTube Super Stickers
YouTube Super Stickers offer a unique alternative to Super Chat. While Super Chat allows viewers to highlight their messages in the chat section, Super Stickers provide a visual and interactive element. By comparing the benefits and features of Super Chat and Super Stickers, you can determine which option better aligns with your livestream goals and audience preferences.
Super Chat: Pros and Cons
Advantages of using Super Chat
The advantages of using Super Chat are numerous. It provides a way to monetize your livestreams, engage with your audience in real-time, and stand out in the chat section. Super Chat also helps to build a strong and supportive community of fans who are willing to financially support your channel.
Considerations and limitations
While Super Chat has many benefits,


Finding Pediatric Urology In Austin?
Pediatric urology denotes the fondness of children and teens that have problems using their reproductive or urinary organs. According to the American Academy of Pediatrics (2000), a pediatric urologist has at least five years of technical training as well as four decades of medical faculty.
They have to also spend 50 percent of their professional time taking care of infants, children, and teens with urology-related conditions. You can also find out the professional pediatric urology in Austin via according to your health.
One of the many challenges associated with being a clinical pediatric urology pro is that children have an underlying difficulty communicating. When children convey their symptoms, they tend to become vague.
The information received by a physician could be confused by the interpretations of another party, such as a parent. Reports from family might be distorted due to their own fears in regards to the child's disease.
Under these conditions, the need for performing a detailed and thorough physical and analytical investigation becomes a lot more important. Once a diagnosis has been made, the function of the pediatric urologist can be either operative or clinical.
As the medical conditions and seriousness of each and every child's condition may be different. Cases of urological conditions include; problems passing urine, urinary tract infections, and structural abnormalities in birth.
Other conditions might include bedwetting and urinary tract damage from an illness or injury. A referral to a pediatric urology pro should offer parents satisfaction; it implies that the child will have use of advanced treatments, as a result of an experienced and well-educated professional.


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IUCN Director General Julia Marton-Lefèvre has officially launched the Northern Bald Ibis Project in the Syrian Palmyra desert. This project aims to establish new standards and practices for protected areas design and management in Syria, where activities to conserve the Bald Ibis will be undertaken in the Palmyra Ibis Protected Area (IPA) which was established in 2004.
The Northern Bald Ibis (NBI) Geronticus eremita is listed in the IUCN Red List 2006 as a "Critically Endangered" species on a global scale. Unexpectedly, a relict wild colony of 7 individuals was discovered in the Syrian Palmyra desert in 2002.
The project is being co-managed by the Desert Commission (DC) of Palmyra, a newly established institution managing protected areas in the Syrian desert, and it is strongly supported by Her Excellency the Syrian First Lady since its very inception.
The IUCN Director General visited Palmyra as part of her overall mission to the Levant countries accompanied by IUCN West Asia Regional Director Dr Odeh Al-Jayyousi and other staff from the region.
"This project is a great example of IUCN's mandate to demonstrate the link between nature conservation and human well-being. We are inviting the Desert Commission to become an IUCN member to exchange experience and knowledge and become part of the global environmental community," said Marton-Lefèvre in her speech.
"We are pleased to work with IUCN especially after they have given us the honour of visiting Palmyra. We are glad that five ibises have made their migratory come back to Palmyra during the second half of February 2009," said Ali Hamoud Director of the Syrian Desert Commission. "Hopefully if extended beyond the summer, the Ibis Project will be extended to other component areas including the sustainable development of local communities living within the Ibis Protected Area," he added.
"The project will build the technical capacity of local staff in the IPA and develop a management plan and an ibis national action plan. It will also collect baseline information both in Syria and at the Ethiopian ibis wintering grounds," said Khaldoun Al Omari, IUCN West Asia Protected Areas Officer. "The Northern Bald Ibis, one of the critically endangered species according to the IUCN Red List, is a perfect flagship species for both sites in Syria and in Ethiopia."
Through the project, eight staff members from the IPA will be trained by the Royal Society for Conservation of Nature (RSCN) in Jordan, considering RSCN's experience in the management of protected areas. Training courses will be developed for staff, scientists and rangers in that area.
A memorandum of cooperation was signed recently between IUCN Regional Office for West Asia and BirdLife Middle East to join forces on the protection, monitoring and research efforts at the IPA, during the present ibis breeding season, in cooperation with RSPB.
The Italian Cooperation (DGCS) is providing a Trust Fund for this project, while matching funds were raised locally thanks to the Finnish and Netherlands Embassies in Damascus. Additionally, the National Geographic Society released a grant for tracking the young ibises along the Arabian Peninsula next autumn.
For more information or to set up interviews, please contact:
Rania Faouri, Communications Officer, IUCN Regional Office for West Asia,
Tel: +962 6 _PHONE_/3/4 Fax: +962 6 _PHONE_ Mobile +962 777888522, _EMAIL_


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Portable handheld UVT monitor enabling the user to evaluate UV transmittance for any water source at any place and time.
The Ultraaqua UVT Handheld Monitor can be used to measure various types of water including wastewater. The UVT monitoring device includes a UV light source and a UV sensor. It is operated by calibrating the Ultraaqua UVT LED in de-ionized water. After calibration is complete, place the measurement head into a water sample. The water sample should only be stationary. The water sample surrounds the measurement head in between the UV light source and the UV sensor. The UV sensor measures the amount of UV light that the UV sensor is exposed to, measuring the amount of UV light that passes through the fluid sample. This measurement is then compared internally, in the firmware, to the stored value from the calibration and displayed as a percent relative to the value achieved using de-ionized water.


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Tips and tricks, speeches, photos, videos, virtual lectures, directives for inviting an astronaut from the Canadian Space Agency (CSA).
Information for speakers and for inviting a CSA speaker to your event.
10 tips for better public speaking and improving your presentation.
Photos, videos, computer graphics, virtual lectures.
Speeches by ministers with responsibility for the CSA.
Information on economic activity in the Canadian space sector and the impact of space investment for enriching your content.
How to apply to the CSA Speakers Bureau.
I am a space expert and I would like to speak at conferences.
Instructional and fun videos about space that can be shown in the classroom.
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The Port Arthur, Duluth and Western Railway (PADW) is a defunct Canadian railway that operated in Northwestern Ontario.
The PADW was built in 1889 by investors interested in extracting the mineral and timber wealth of the Whitefish River Valley, Silver Mountain Range and beyond into the Gunflint Range.
The line originated at Port Arthur in the east, ran through Fort William and onward to the Canada–United States border. The PADW was constructed with the intention of connecting to an affiliated railroad in Minnesota to provide a route to Duluth, however this section was not built.
The PADW was abandoned in sections, and fully closed in 1938.


SDATE_YYYYMMDD represents the current date on the database server, with the YYYYMMDD format mask applied. You may use this value instead of repeated calls to the SYSDATE() function. The following list describes the supported syntax for referencing SYSDATE_YYYYMMDD.
 - Bind variable
 :SYSDATE_YYYYMMDD

 - PL/SQL
 V('SYSDATE_YYYYMMDD')

 - Direct PL/SQL
 APEX_APPLICATION.G_SYSDATE (DATE DATATYPE)

Table 3-22 SYSDATE_YYYYMMDD Syntax
Reference Type Syntax
Bind variable
:SYSDATE_YYYYMMDD
Direct PL/SQL
APEX_APPLICATION.G_SYSDATE (DATE DATATYPE)
PL/SQL
V('SYSDATE_YYYYMMDD')
WORKSPACE_IMAGES
Use this substitution string to reference uploaded images, JavaScript, and cascading style sheets that are shared over many applications within a workspace. Table 3-23 describes the supported syntax for referencing WORKSPACE_IMAGES.
Table 3-23 WORKSPACE_IMAGES Syntax
Reference Type Syntax
Bind variable
:WORKSPACE_IMAGES
Direct PL/SQL
Not available
PL/SQL
V('WORKSPACE_IMAGES')
Substitution string
&WORKSPACE_IMAGES.
Template substitution
#WORKSPACE_IMAGES#


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FOUNDATIONS AND GRANT MAKING
- Foundations and Philanthropy
- FoundationsWhat Do They Do?
- On the Art of Writing Proposals
- Introduction to Corporate Giving
- Art of the Conference Paper
FOUNDATION CENTERONLINE TRAINING AND TUTORIALS
Visit the Foundation Center to learn more about developing a proposal and participate in webinar training and live classroom trainingmany courses offered at no charge. Cleveland is home to one of only five Foundation Center locations across the United States. The Center is conveniently located in nearby Playhouse Square. All CSU students and faculty are welcome!
- Basic Introduction: How to write a grant proposal and grant budget.
- Foundation Center: Calendar of training and events.
- GrantSpace: Information and resources specifically designed to meet the needs of grant seekers.
- How to Write a Grant: Audio book download.
- Proposal Budgeting Basic: Basics of developing a project budget.


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Sinusoidal oscillators are known to be realized using dynamical systems of second-order or higher. Here we derive the Barhkausen condition for a linear noninteger-order (fractional-order) dynamical system to oscillate. We show that the oscillation condition and oscillation frequency of some famous integer-order sinusoidal oscillators can be obtained as special cases from general equations governing their fractional-order counterparts. Examples including fractional-order Wien oscillators, Colpitts oscillator, phase-shift oscillator and LC tank resonator are given supported by numerical and PSpice simulations. © 2008 IEEE.
Radwan A.G., Elwakil A.S., Soliman A.M.
Fractional-order circuits; Noninteger order systems; Oscillators
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers, Vol. 55, PP. 2051 to 2063, Doi: 10.1109/TCSI.2008.918196