This would be its equivalent:
// example for ViewHolder
@Test
fun snapViewHolderTest() {
 val activityScenario =
 ActivityScenarioConfigurator.ForView()
 .setFontSize(FontSize.NORMAL)
 .setLocale("en")
 .setInitialOrientation(Orientation.PORTRAIT)
 .setUiMode(UiMode.DAY)
 .setTheme(R.style.Custom_Theme)
 .setDisplaySize(DisplaySize.SMALL)
 .launchConfiguredActivity()
 val activity = activityScenario.waitForActivity()
 // IMPORTANT: To inherit the configuration, inflate layout inside the activity with its context
 val layout = activity.inflateAndWaitForIdle(R.layout.your_view_holder_layout)
 // wait asynchronously for layout inflation
 val viewHolder = waitForView {
 YourViewHolder(layout).apply {
 // bind data to ViewHolder here
 ...
 }
 }
 compareScreenshot(
 holder = viewHolder,
 heightInPx = layout.height,
 name = "your_unique_test_name",
 )
 activityScenario.close()
}
Warning: If the View under test contains system Locale dependent code, like NumberFormat.getInstance(Locale.getDefault()), the Locale formatting you've set via ActivityScenarioConfigurator.ForView().setLocale("my_locale") will not work. That's because NumberFormat is using the Locale of the Android system, and not that of the Activity we've configured. Beware of using instrumenation.targetContext in your tests when using getString() for the very same reason: use Activity's context instead. To solve that issue, you can do one of the following:
 1. Use NumberFormat.getInstance(anyViewInsideActivity.context.locales[0]) in your production code.
 2. Use SystemLocaleTestRule("my_locale") in your tests instead of ActivityScenarioConfigurator.ForView().setLocale("my_locale").
Jetpack Compose
The simplest way is to use the ActivityScenarioForComposableRule, to avoid the need for:
1) calling createEmptyComposeRule() 2) closing the ActivityScenario.
@get:Rule
val rule = ActivityScenarioForComposableRule(
 config = ComposableConfigItem(
 fontSize = FontSize.SMALL,
 locale = "de",
 uiMode = UiMode.DAY,
 displaySize = DisplaySize.LARGE,
 orientation = Orientation.PORTRAIT,
 )
 )
@Test
fun snapComposableTest() {
 rule.activityScenario
 .onActivity {
 it.setContent {
 AppTheme { // this theme must use isSystemInDarkTheme() internally
 yourComposable()
 }
 }
 }
 compareScreenshot(
 rule = rule.composeRule,
 name = "your_unique_test_name",
 )
}
In case you don't want to/cannot use the rule, you can use ActivityScenarioConfigurator.ForComposable() together with createEmptyComposeRule(). This would be its equivalent:
// needs an EmptyComposeRule to be compatible with ActivityScenario
@get:Rule
val composeTestRule = createEmptyComposeRule()
@Test
fun snapComposableTest() {
 val activityScenario = ActivityScenarioConfigurator.ForComposable()
 .setFontSize(FontSize.SMALL)
 .setLocale("de")
 .setInitialOrientation(Orientation.PORTRAIT)
 .setUiMode(UiMode.DAY)
 .setDisplaySize(DisplaySize.LARGE)
 .launchConfiguredActivity()
 .onActivity {
 it.setContent {
 AppTheme { // this theme must use isSystemInDarkTheme() internally
 yourComposable()
 }
 }
 }
 activityScenario.waitForActivity()
 compareScreenshot(rule = composeTestRule, name = "your_unique_test_name")
 activityScenario.close()
}
Warning: If the Composable under test contains system Locale dependent code, like NumberFormat.getInstance(Locale.getDefault()), the Locale formatting you've set via ActivityScenarioConfigurator.ForComposable().setLocale("my_locale") will not work. That's because NumberFormat is using the Locale of the Android system, and not that of the Activity we've configured, which is applied to the LocaleContext of our Composables. To solve that issue, you can do one of the following:
 1. Use NumberFormat.getInstance(LocaleContext.current.locales[0]) in your production code.
 2. Use SystemLocaleTestRule("my_locale") in your tests instead of ActivityScenarioConfigurator.ForComposable().setLocale("my_locale").
Fragment
The simplest way is to use the FragmentScenarioConfiguratorRule
@get:Rule
val rule = fragmentScenarioConfiguratorRule<MyFragment>(
 fragmentArgs = bundleOf("arg_key" to "arg_value"),
 config = FragmentConfigItem(
 orientation = Orientation.LANDSCAPE,
 uiMode = UiMode.DAY,
 locale = "de",
 fontSize = FontSize.SMALL,
 displaySize = DisplaySize.SMALL,
 theme = R.style.Custom_Theme,
 ),
 )
@Test
fun snapFragment() {
 compareScreenshot(
 fragment = rule.fragment,
 name = "your_unique_test_name",
 )
}
In case you don't want to/cannot use the rule, you can use the plain FragmentScenarioConfigurator. This would be its equivalent:
@Test
fun snapFragment() {
 val fragmentScenarioConfigurator =
 FragmentScenarioConfigurator
 .setInitialOrientation(Orientation.LANDSCAPE)
 .setUiMode(UiMode.DAY)
 .setLocale("de")
 .setFontSize(FontSize.SMALL)
 .setDisplaySize(DisplaySize.LARGE)
 .setTheme(R.style.Custom_Theme)
 .launchInContainer<MyFragment>(
 fragmentArgs = bundleOf("arg_key" to "arg_value"),
 )
 compareScreenshot(
 fragment = fragmentScenarioConfigurator.waitForFragment(),
 name = "your_unique_test_name",
 )
 fragmentScenarioConfigurator.close()
}
Utils
 1. waitForActivity: This method is analog to the one defined in pedrovgs/Shot. It's also available in this library for compatibility with other screenshot testing frameworks like Facebook screenshot-tests-for-android .
 2. waitForFragment: Analog to waitForActivity but for Fragment
 3. waitForView: Inflates the layout in the main thread and waits till the inflation happens, returning the inflated view. You will need to inflate layouts with the activity context created from the ActivityScenario of this library for the configurations to become effective.
 4. activity.inflate(R.layout_of_your_view): Use it to inflate android Views with the activity's context configuration. In doing so, the configuration becomes effective in the view. It also adds the view to the Activity's root.
 5. activity.inflateAndWaitForIdle(R.layout_of_your_view): Like activity.inflate, but waits till the view is Idle to return it. Do not wrap it with waitForView{} or it will throw an exception.
Reading on screenshot testing
Standard UI testing
For standard UI testing, you can use the same approach as for snapshot testing Activities. The following TestRules and methods are provided:
// Sets the Locale of the app under test only, i.e. the per-app language preference feature
@get:Rule
val locale = LocaleTestRule("en")
// Sets the Locale of the Android system
@get:Rule
val systemLocale = SystemLocaleTestRule("en")
@get:Rule
val fontSize = FontSizeTestRule(FontSize.HUGE).withTimeOut(inMillis = 15_000) // default is 10_000
@get:Rule
val displaySize = DisplaySizeTestRule(DisplaySize.LARGEST).withTimeOut(inMillis = 15_000)
@get:Rule
val uiMode = DayNightRule(UiMo


text:
What does ADA mean in Universities?
This page is about the meanings of the acronym/abbreviation/shorthand ADA in the Academic & Science field in general and in the Universities terminology in particular.
Find a translation for ADA in other languages:
Select another language:
What does ADA mean?
- adenosine deaminase, ADA(noun)
- an enzyme found in mammals that can catalyze the deamination of adenosine into inosine and ammonia

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
An interferogram obtained by use of ordinary interferometers, such as Fizeau and Twyman-Green interferometers, will show a contour map of the wave front under test. A lateral-shearing interferogram, however, will show a contour map of the difference between the wave front under test and a sheared wave front, that is, a contour map of the derivative of the wave front under test. Therefore one can reconstruct the shape of the wave front under test by analyzing that difference. Many methods for reconstructing a wave front have been proposed. The Saunders method reconstructs a wave front; rapidly however the wave-front data are reconstructed only at intervals of the amount of shear along the direction of the shear. Therefore the method has low spatial resolution. A method for reconstructing a wave front that is based on the Saunders method and has high spatial resolution is proposed. The method analyzes the differences that are produced by shearing of the wave front under test in many directions. This method requires a large number of interferograms for reconstructing the wave front. Here the method is described, and its validity is confirmed by simulation.
© 2002 Optical Society of AmericaFull Article | PDF Article
OSA Recommended Articles
Seiichi Okuda, Takashi Nomura, Kazuhide Kamiya, Hiroshi Miyashiro, Kazuo Yoshikawa, and Hatsuzo Tashiro
Appl. Opt. 39(28) 5179-5186 (2000)
M. P. Rimmer
Appl. Opt. 13(3) 623-629 (1974)
Appl. Opt. 48(14) 2760-2766 (2009)


- +00 (216) 26 772 072
 - contact|at]dune-esthetique.com
Labiaplasty
What happens during the labiaplasty procedure?
Patients often consider labiaplasty in case the labia minora is larger than it is supposed to be, protruding from under the labia majora. The most common reasons for patients to be thinking about labiaplasty surgery in Tunisia is having concerns regarding discoloration, length and size, intercourse, physical activities, being unable to wear given kinds of clothes, odor or hygiene issues and having multi-directional urine stream. The main goal of labiaplasty is to achieve a youthful look of the labia that isn't visible when standing.
There are several ways to perform labiaplasty. It can be done while the patient is under sedation or general anesthesia. The simplest procedure is to trim the labia. Another option is to remove some of the tissue to reduce the size of the labia minora. However, in case of this procedure it is possible that the vaginal opening will be constricted and the options for labia reduction are quite limited.
The main goal of the surgeons in case of labiaplasty surgery in Tunisia is to preserve sensation in the labia. Some of the procedures might cause loss of sensation in the area and this is a concern in case of the majority of the patients.
Recovery time after labiaplasty
A little discomfort might be experience at the very first hours following the surgery. The swelling and bruising will disappear on about 2-3 weeks. It is normal to notice some spotting after the procedure, but this will subside after a few days as well. It is best not to have sexual intercourse for 6 weeks after the procedure to protect the wounds. During the first week after the procedure the wounds need to be washed with water and soap three times per day. The stitches the surgeons use are dissolvable so the patients won't have to worry about them.
What costs are involved?
When thinking about labiaplasty surgery in Tunisia, patients should expect to pay roughly €800; all fees and charges included. More often this procedure is practised at the same time with other plastic surgery procedures and the cost is reduced by 50% since it remains a minor operation.


text:
The Eve of St Agnes is a stained glass masterpiece designed and made by the great Irish artist Harry Clarke. A new book Harry Clarke The Eve of St Agnes by Jessica O'Donnell is on sale in the Gallery Bookshop, tel. _PHONE_. This fully illustrated book looks at each magificent panel and relates the window closely to John Keats's poem.
To the right here you can download for free some suggested art activities for children related to the window.
About Harry Clarke (_PHONE_)
Harry Clarke was born in Dublin on 17 March 1889. His father, Joshua Clarke, was a stained glass maker and church decorator. As a young boy, Harry Clarke worked in his father's stained glass studio which was at the back of their house at 33 North Frederick Street. Working for his father instilled in Harry the importance of good craftsmanship. Harry Clarke went to school at Belvedere College, a short distance from their house, but left in 1905, shortly after the death of his beloved mother Brigid. He continued to work as an apprentice in his father's studio while he was a student at the Metropolitan School of Art in Dublin. He was a talented and hard-working student and won scholarships which enabled him to study full-time at the art college. The scholarships also meant he could travel to France and England to see the magnificent stained glass windows in the medieval churches there. He entered competitions at the South Kensington School of Art and Design in London and won gold medals for the stained glass designs he submitted. Following his studies, Harry Clarke worked as a book illustrator for the London publisher Harrap and was highly praised for his drawings for Edgar Allan Poe's Tales of Mystery and Imagination and for Goethe's Faust. Harry Clarke loved reading and going to the theatre and much of his art is inspired by great plays, fairy tales and legends. He especially loved stories that were fantastical, strange and wonderful. Between 1915 and 1917 Harry Clarke made eleven stained glass windows for the Honan Chapel at University College, Cork and from then on he received many important commissions for his stained glass work. He worked constantly, often late into the night. Around 1929 he became very ill and was diagnosed with tuberculosis (TB), a disease of the lungs. He went to Switzerland for treatment and rest. However, two years later, on 6 January 1931, on the way home from Switzerland to Ireland, Harry Clarke died from his disease at the young age of forty-one.
The Eve of St Agnes by Harry Clarke
In April 1923 a Mr Harold Jacob asked Harry Clarke to design a stained glass window for the landing of his father's house in Ailesbury Road in Dublin. Harold Jacob was the owner of the famous Jacob's biscuit factory. Stained glass was usually associated with religious art in churches so it was an exciting commission to make a window for someone's house. Harold Jacob suggested that 'night and morning' or 'summer and winter' might be good subjects for the window. While these were nice ideas, Harry Clarke was an artist full of imagination and he loved a challenge. He suggested instead some ideas inspired by fairy tales, plays and poems. These ideas included the story of Bluebeard, Sleeping Beauty, The Playboy of the Western World by J.M. Synge and the poem The Eve of St Agnes by John Keats. Mr Jacob very much liked the idea of The Eve of St Agnes and three days later a delighted Harry Clarke wrote again saying: 'I shall set to work on The Eve of St Agnes and submit my first coloured draft for discussion'. Harry Clarke made a number of beautiful preparatory studies for the window in pencil, watercolour and gouache, a type of watercolour, and these are now in the Crawford Art Gallery in Cork. One year later, on 1 April 1924, Harry Clarke completed The Eve of St Agnes. Mr Jacob paid Harry Clarke £160 7s 6d (160 pounds, 7 shillings and 6 pence) for the window. When The Eve of St Agnes was exhibited at the Irish Art Exhibition in Dublin in 1924 it won the gold medal for Arts and Crafts. In 1978 the window was bought by the Hugh Lane Gallery, where it is on view today.
Inspired by a Poem
The poem The Eve of St Agnes was written by the English Romantic poet John Keats in January 1819. There are forty-two verses, or stanzas, so it is a very long poem. The poem was inspired by an ancient tradition where young maidens would fast and go to bed early on 20 January and hope to dream of their future husbands. To 'fast' means to eat nothing. The feast day of St Agnes takes place on 21 January so the 'eve' means the evening before. In John Keats's poem Madeline had been forbidden by her father, Lord Maurice, to marry Porphyro. (Porphyro is pronounced 'pour – fear- o'). Despite this, on a cold and wintry night Porphyro secretly enters the castle and, with the help of Madeline's nurse Old Angela, goes to find Madeline, who is asleep in her bedchamber. As it is the Eve of St Agnes, Madeline has gone to sleep hoping to dream of her future love. When Porphyro's music wakes her, she is unsure whether she is dreaming or awake. Porphyro reassures her that it is not a dream and they flee from the castle and away across the moors.
John Keats's poem is full of beautiful descriptions and Harry Clarke was inspired by these when choosing which parts of the poem to illustrate. The poem is full of colour, especially purple, blue and red, and this is why you see so much of these colours in Harry Clarke's stained glass window.
How the Story is Told
As well as revealing his superb skill as a stained glass artist, The Eve of St Agnes stained glass window is a magnificent example of Harry Clarke's storytelling ability.
The artist chose to tell the story of The Eve of St. Agnes in fourteen panels. If you look closely you will see that each of the panels is accompanied by a quotation from John Keats's poem. In addition, at the top of these panels are two semi-circles, called lunettes. Running horizontally along the bottom of the panels is a frieze showing characters from the poem. Throughout the window there are borders full of wonderful decoration and ornamentation. In his art Harry Clarke was inspired by many sources, including Old Masters such as Diego Velazquez and Albrecht Dürer, Japanese art, music and literature, and Symbolist art. He combined many different ideas and visual inspirations with his own vivid imagination to create a vision which is very much his own.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Using physical units in Underworld
Using physical units in Underworld
Published on
Using physical units and how to appropriately scale a model is a top question users ask when beginning with Underworld. The equations Underworld solves are stated in a physically correct form, they remain valid as long as every material constant, geometry, time, etc., are expressed in the same system. There is no explicit concept of units no scaling in Underworld, the choice is entirely left to the user. One can thus decide to use the Meter Kilometer Second system or a dimensionless system, defining the model such that length, density and viscosity of the material are one, etc. Both approaches are correct and allow for more flexibility, but with great power comes great responsibility. The user must ensure the units are consistent.
The scaling of the problem, although related to the choice of system units, is a much broader subject. Computers generally have trouble accurately solving for a wide range of numbers. In numerical methods, this issue can result in a matrix with a large Condition number and is difficult to invert(solve) accurately. By using an appropriate scaling, the wide range of numbers can be reduced, thus minimising numerical errors.
From a mathematical point of view, non-dimensionalisation conserves the relationships between parameters. From a numerical point of view, it is often unclear whether the choice of reference value will ensure numerical stability. A rule of thumb is to keep values as close to one as possible. This can become challenging for Earth modeling problems when dealing with non-linear viscosities and values spanning several orders of magnitude.
Another problem arises from the fact that different communities in Earth Science have different backgrounds and usages. A simple example is the number of units we constantly switch between when dealing with space and time: as for when we describe the diffusion of temperature at the grain scale or the cooling of the entire planet.
Here I detail a workflow used to overcome these issues. It is by no mean the only way, but I have found it easy to use and it reduces the risk of error considerably. It is a simple way to solve the problem of unit consistency and scaling.
I have written a small python module which leverages Pint, a python package used to define and manipulate physical units. Pint uses a system of unit registries to define a large set of units and most of their prefixes. A Pint Quantity object is a physical value which has a specific unit attached to itself. Quantity objects can be use in mathematical expressions which also return Quantities in appropriate units.
The example is available here:
Units/Scaling Example
And if you want to explore the convection simulation:
[M. Kronbichler, T. Heister, and W. Bangerth. High accuracy mantle convection simulationthrough modern numerical methods.Geophysics Journal International, 191:12–29, 2012.]
Written by
More posts by Romain Beucher.
Related Posts
Scaling in Underworld
Here comes Conda...
Underworld 2.10
Underworld's lightweight cloud for online classrooms.
Underworld 2.9
JOSS publication - Underworld 2
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text:
As we know, dogs come in all shapes and sizes. But how do you know if your dog is classed as a large or giant breed?
If your dog weighs between 25kg to 44kg it is said that he/she falls within the Large Breed category. He/She will not reach full adult weight until 15 months of age, as they have a longer growth period. They usually have slower metabolism and high exercise requirements. Therefore their diets should take into consideration the need for bone and joint health as they can be prone to joint concerns.
If your dog weighs over 45kg then they are classified as a Giant Breed dog. Giant Breed dogs tend to go through a two-step growth phrase. The first 6 months see rapid growth which includes bone development and require a diet that is high in energy and nutrients as well as being easy to digest.
After this, muscular development takes place in which special attention is needed to be given to their bone and joint health. Giant Breed dogs usually attain their adult size by the time they are 18-24 months of age.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
If a healthy mind and body can be associated with minimising fear, hence reducing insecurity, increasing confidence and so on – then why does a combination of health AND safety in policy documents and organisational habits actually cause the opposite – ie encouraging tendendencies to be risk averse, to be fearful and anxious – and hence feel less secure, less confident?
Being healthy is not the same as being safe. "Health and Safety" as a policy mantra has the makings of a phrase which has a capacity for its own inbuilt contradiction and self destruction. It's a fallacious concept behind which many human resource managers cower and attempt to frighten their resources into behaving and moving in particular ways. They would be clearer in their intentions if they were to relable their policies as "health and risk" or "fearfulness and safety" or "health and insecurity".
Being risk-tolerant (and attractive even) is possibly one of the key features that makes us healthy, alive individuals instead of cowered, withdrawn amoebae.


text:
Classification of nuclear transient Gaia18aeo/AT2018ig as SN Ia with SALT spectroscopy
ATel #11291; N. Ihanec (University of Nova Gorica), M. Gromadzki, L. Wyrzykowski (Warsaw University Astronomical Observatory, Poland), D. A. H. Buckley (South African Astronomical Observatory)
on 13 Feb 2018; 06:35 UT
Credential Certification: Lukasz Wyrzykowski (_EMAIL_)
Subjects: Optical, Supernovae, Transient
We report on SALT spectroscopy of transient Gaia18aeo/AT2018ig, discovered by Gaia Science Alerts program on 2018-01-17. The transient was detected in the nucleus of the host galaxy LEDA 634652. A low resolution (R = 350) SALT/RSS spectra was taken on 2018-02-09, under the SALT Large Programme on transients (2016-2-LSP-001).
The spectroscopic classification was done using SNID code (Blondin & Tonry 2007, ApJ, 666, 1024) and it was matched to SN Type Ia at about 3 weeks past maximum. Spectrum shows narrow emission Halpha line and also broad HeI present due to host galaxy and corresponds to redshift z=0.086. Gaia photometric measurement at the moment of observation and at this redshift corresponds to absolute magnitude of about -19.79 mag which is consistent with Type Ia.
Name | IAU name | RA (J2000) | Dec (J2000) | Disc. Date | Disc. Mag | Obs. Date | z | Host | Type | Notes
Gaia18aeo | AT2018ig | 03:06:37.26 | -36:37:05.92 | 2018-01-17 | 18.25 | 2018-02-09 | 0.086 | LEDA 634652 | SN Ia | +21 days
We acknowledge ESA Gaia, DPAC and the Photometric Science Alerts Team (_URL_


Edit or Delete a Mapped Device
Deleting a mapped device from the Map Devices page only deletes the icon from the selected floorplan image. To delete a device, see Edit or Delete a Device.
To edit or delete a mapped device:
 1. Click Device Mapping to display the Map Devices page.
 2. In the field to the right, begin typing the name of the location or indoor location where the device is mapped, then click to select the location. Once a location is selected, its floorplan or map image is displayed along with icons representing any previously mapped devices.
 3. To increase the size or rotate the icon on the image, click the icon, then click or to make the icon smaller or larger or click the or to rotate the icon.
 4. To reposition a device, click the Map button beside the device in the section to the left of the image, then click an area on the image to re-place the icon.
 5. To delete the icon, click the beside the device in the section to the left.


text:
Problem 803. Twist 'n' Match
A lot of solutions don't work with something like n=5 and m=0
Not at all...
For n-by-n matrix, m=1 if n is odd number.
ur problems are really interesting
This problem has some issues because some pairs (n,m) do not have a solution. For instance, it is impossible to find a matrix such that m = n^2 -1 since a rotation pivot does not move. Moreover, there are floor((n^2)/4) cycles of numbers, and when we match the cycle beginning with its end, it creates two matches. It is possible to do some manipulations to have an m greater than n^2 - floor((n^2)/4), but not always.
can you give an example of a matrix before and after?
My code fails for some of the cases I've mentioned. The current leading solution does better (finding some solutions my code can't), yet sometimes it enters into an infinite loop.
Problem Recent Solvers66
Try 1.5.4: Celsius to Fahrenheit
Write a function man that takes a row vector v and returns a matrix H as follows..
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GitHub 6284★
Compute the greatest common divisor between two numbers
JavaScript version
const gcd = (a, b) => (b === 0 ? a : gcd(b, a % b));
TypeScript version
const gcd = (a: number, b: number): number => (b === 0 ? a : gcd(b, a % b));
Examples
gcd(10, 15); // 5
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text:
EDIT: In the interest of increasing the complexity, i've added more to the challenge.
In mathematics, a vampire number (or true vampire number) is a composite natural number v, with an even number of digits n, that can be factored into two integers x and y each with n/2 digits and not both with trailing zeroes, where v contains precisely all the digits from x and from y, in any order, counting multiplicity. x and y are called the fangs.
More about Vampire Number
Pseudovampire numbers are similar to vampire numbers, except that the fangs of an n-digit pseudovampire number need not be of length n/2 digits. Pseudovampire numbers can have an odd number of digits, for example 126 = 6×21.
Accept Numbers from command line or stdin
- "1260 = 21 * 60" (smaller fang first if the number is a Vampire.)
- "1261 is not a Vampire Number." (if the number is not a Vampire number)
- "126 = 6 * 21". (if the number is a Pseudovampire number)
EDIT: If the number has multiple fangs, display it so.
x = fang1a * fang1b = fang2a * fang2b


Three packages that port the tidyverse to Python
Working in Python but miss tidyverse syntax? These packages can help.
reference
Published
May 9, 2022
A woman holding an instrument while a man who is facing away from us paints her, the room has luxurious decorations.
As I've been saying every year for the past seven years or so, I am learning Python. (It's been a journey.)
Python packages like pandas have several ways to work with data. There are several options for indexing, slicing, etc. They have a lot of flexibility but also a lot of conventions to remember.
I am familiar with the grammar of the tidyverse, which provides a consistent set of verbs to solve common data manipulation challenges. I investigated ways to port tidyverse-like verbs to Python (hopefully making Python a little easier to grasp).
Here are three packages that do just that.
siuba
The siuba package, created by Michael Chow, allows you to use dplyr-like syntax with pandas. Siuba ports over several functions, including select(), filter(), mutate(), summarize(), and arrange(). The package also allows you to use group_by() and a >> pipe.
Let's check out a few examples using the palmerpenguins dataset (R, Python).
from palmerpenguins import load_penguins
penguins = load_penguins()
from siuba import group_by, summarize, _
(penguins
 >> group_by(_.species)
 >> summarize(n = _.species.count())
)
species n
0 Adelie 152
1 Chinstrap 68
2 Gentoo 124
library(palmerpenguins)
library(dplyr)
(penguins %>%
 group_by(species) %>%
 summarize(n = n()))
# A tibble: 3 × 2
 species n
 <fct> <int>
1 Adelie 152
2 Chinstrap 68
3 Gentoo 124
Thanks to the documentation and interactive tutorials available for siuba, it's easy to see the parallels and differences with dplyr so that you can craft these data manipulation tasks yourself.
from palmerpenguins import load_penguins
penguins = load_penguins()
from siuba import select
(penguins
 >> select(-_.isalpha(), _.species)
 >> group_by(_.species)
 >> summarize(
 bill_length_mm = _.bill_length_mm.mean(),
 bill_depth_mm = _.bill_depth_mm.mean(),
 flipper_length_mm = _.flipper_length_mm.mean(),
 body_mass_g = _.body_mass_g.mean()
 )
)
species bill_length_mm bill_depth_mm flipper_length_mm body_mass_g
0 Adelie 38.791391 18.346358 189._PHONE_.662252
1 Chinstrap 48.833824 18.420588 195._PHONE_.088235
2 Gentoo 47.504878 14.982114 217._PHONE_.016260
(penguins %>%
 group_by(species) %>%
 summarize(across(!where(is.character), mean, na.rm = TRUE)))
# A tibble: 3 × 8
 species island bill_length_mm bill_depth_mm flipper_length_mm body_mass_g
 <fct> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl>
1 Adelie NA 38.8 18.3 190. 3701.
2 Chinstrap NA 48.8 18.4 196. 3733.
3 Gentoo NA 47.5 15.0 217. 5076.
# … with 2 more variables: sex <dbl>, year <dbl>
plotnine
The plotnine package, created by Hassan Kibirige, lets you use a grammar of graphics for Python.
You can use siuba and plotnine together, similar to how you would use dplyr and ggplot2 together.
from siuba import *
from plotnine import *
from palmerpenguins import load_penguins
penguins = load_penguins()
(penguins
 # using siuba pipe
 >> ggplot(aes(x = 'flipper_length_mm', y = 'body_mass_g'))
 # creating plotnine plot
 + geom_point(aes(color = 'species', shape = 'species'),
 size = 3,
 alpha = 0.8)
 + theme_minimal()
 + labs(title = "Penguin size, Palmer Station LTER",
 subtitle = "Flipper length and body mass for Adelie, Chinstrap, and Gentoo Penguins",
 x = "Flipper length (mm)",
 y = "Body mass (g)",
 color = "Penguin species",
 shape = "Penguin species"))
<ggplot: (314581751)>
Folks have heuristics to translate ggplot2 code to plotnine. These help understand the nuances between the two.
pyjanitor
OK, this one is cheating a bit because the janitor package by Sam Firke is not part of the tidyverse. One more package that uses 'tidyverse-like' verbs is pyjanitor. With pyjanitor, you can clean column names, identify duplicate entries, and more.
from janitor import clean_names
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
example_df = {
 'Terrible Name 1': ['name1', 'name2', 'name3', 'name4'],
 'PascalCase': [150.0, 200.0, 300.0, 400.0],
 'this_has_punctuation?': [np.nan, np.nan, np.nan, np.nan],
}
pd.DataFrame.from_dict(example_df).clean_names()
terrible_name_1 pascalcase this_has_punctuation_
0 name1 150.0 NaN
1 name2 200.0 NaN
2 name3 300.0 NaN
3 name4 400.0 NaN
Python's pandas allows you to method chain with pipes. They can be used with pyjanitor, as well.
from janitor import clean_names, remove_empty
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
example_df = {
 'Terrible Name 1': ['name1', 'name2', 'name3', 'name4'],
 'PascalCase': [150.0, 200.0, 300.0, 400.0],
 'this_has_punctuation?': [np.nan, np.nan, np.nan, np.nan],
}
(pd.DataFrame.from_dict(example_df)
 .pipe(clean_names)
 .pipe(remove_empty)
)
terrible_name_1 pascalcase
0 name1 150.0
1 name2 200.0
2 name3 300.0
3 name4 400.0
Conclusion
While Python syntax and conventions are still on my "to-learn" list, it is helpful to know there are packages that can bring the familiarity of the tidyverse to Python.
Additional resources
I came across other packages that port the tidyverse to Python. I didn't investigate them deeply but wanted to share in case they are helpful.
If you recommend these packages or know of others, please let me know on Twitter!


text:
Before you start you will need an android tablet and a wireless router in the Lab.
I have a Samsung Galaxy Tab E and an Airport Express, but other tablets and routers should work as well.
To install knobby tablet follow the following steps:
- Download knobby tablet from the Google Play store.
- Download and install the latest version of Scanbox (as always keep a copy of previous version).
- Download and install PyOSC. To install, open a terminal, go to the directory where you uncompressed PyOSC, and type "python setup.py install".
- Copy over the settings in the scanbox_config.m file.
- Connect the computer running Scanbox to your local wireless router
- Open a terminal window and check the IP assigned to the computer by typing ifconfig.
- Set the tri_knob configuration variable in scanbox_config.m to a string that contains the IP address, for example, '184.108.40.206'.
- Start Scanbox. You should also get a command window with the knobby tablet console. We will check if commands from the tablet are received there.
- Open knobby tablet on your Android. You will likely get a message saying that the default IP is invalid. Click Ok.
- Click on the IP number button. A keyboard will show up. Enter the IP number you found above. However, make sure that every section has 3 digits (use zeros if necessary). Thus, in the example above, one would type 164.034.123.031
- If the tablet cannot connect, you will see an "Invalid IP" message. Otherwise, you should be ready to go. The IP gets stored in the tablet, so launching knobby tablet later will retrieve it.
- Remove the objective from the microscope (just in case).
- Make sure the scope is roughly in the middle of its travel for all axes.
- Click the "Normal" button on the tablet. Do you see a message printed on the knobby console? If so, communication is working Ok. If not, something is wrong. Contact me.
- Stand close to the motor box so you can quickly power it off if something does not work as expected.
- Now touch the button corresponding to the Z axis on the red region. The z-axis will begin to move so long as you keep touching it. The speed of movement will be faster the farther away you are from the center. Slide your finger left and right, the speed will change and it should reverse if you move over to the blue side.
- Test the other axes.
- Touch "Velocity" to switch to velocity mode.
- Warning: the microscope will move fast now… Touch the red or blue areas of each button. The microscope will move at a fast/fixed speed so long as you keep touching the area. It will stop when you release.
- Store/Recall buttons work as before
- Go back and try the Fine and Super-Fine modes.
- Play with it for a while and install the objective back after you familiarize yourself with the tablet interface and everything seems to be working Ok.
- You can minimize the knobby console once testing is done (I will do this automatically in future versions).
- The green buttons on the side lock the button area (bottom) or knob area (top). So if you are acquiring data and don't want to have a situation where people touch the tablet by mistake and move the microscope you can use the buttons to lock them. Touching them again will unlock.
- Make sure you open knobby on your tablet after you start Scanbox.
If you run into problems don't hesitate to write.


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ANTH 231: Native North American Cultures: Books
Anthologies vs. Monographs
Edited anthologies are book-length texts that include a set of essays or articles by a variety of authors. Monographs are a book-length text (not a collection of essays or articles). You can't always tell from the record in the catalog whether a book is an edited volume or not--you may need to actually look at the physical book or go into the ebook to figure it out. If a book is written by one or two authors, it is considered a monograph. If the book contains chapters or essays by a bunch of different authors, that is an anthology.
WU Libraries Catalogs
Find Books, Movies and More
see also: Advanced Search Worldcat
Call Number
If you would like to browse in the stacks for books about Native Americans, you will find many of them located in the following call number area:
E75-99 Indians of North America


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Run-time Database Configuration
The command line and configuration file interfaces provide MongoDB administrators with a large number of options and settings for controlling the operation of the database system. This document provides an overview of common configurations and examples of best-practice configurations for common use cases.
While both interfaces provide access to the same collection of options and settings, this document primarily uses the configuration file interface. If you run MongoDB using a init script or if you installed from a package for your operating system, you likely already have a configuration file located at /etc/mongod.conf. Confirm this by checking the contents of the /etc/init.d/mongod or /etc/rc.d/mongod script to ensure that the init scripts start the mongod with the appropriate configuration file.
To start a MongoDB instance using this configuration file, issue a command in the following form:
mongod --config /etc/mongod.conf
mongod -f /etc/mongod.conf
Modify the values in the /etc/mongod.conf file on your system to control the configuration of your database instance.
Configure the Database
Consider the following basic configuration which uses the YAML format:
processManagement:
 fork: true
net:
 bindIp: 127.0.0.1
 port: 27017
storage:
 dbPath: /srv/mongodb
systemLog:
 destination: file
 path: "/var/log/mongodb/mongod.log"
 logAppend: true
storage:
 journal:
 enabled: true
Or, if using the older .ini configuration file format:
fork = true
bind_ip = 127.0.0.1
port = 27017
quiet = true
dbpath = /srv/mongodb
logpath = /var/log/mongodb/mongod.log
logappend = true
journal = true
For most standalone servers, this is a sufficient base configuration. It makes several assumptions, but consider the following explanation:
 - fork is true, which enables a daemon mode for mongod, which detaches (i.e. "forks") the MongoDB from the current session and allows you to run the database as a conventional server.
 - bindIp is 127.0.0.1, which forces the server to only listen for requests on the localhost IP. Only bind to secure interfaces that the application-level systems can access with access control provided by system network filtering (i.e. "firewall").
 New in version 2.6: mongod installed from official .deb and .rpm packages have the bind_ip configuration set to 127.0.0.1 by default.
 - port is 27017, which is the default MongoDB port for database instances. MongoDB can bind to any port. You can also filter access based on port using network filtering tools.
 Note
 UNIX-like systems require superuser privileges to attach processes to ports lower than 1024.
 - quiet is true. This disables all but the most critical entries in output/log file, and is not recommended for production systems. If you do set this option, you can use setParameter to modify this setting during run time.
 - dbPath is /srv/mongodb, which specifies where MongoDB will store its data files. /srv/mongodb and /var/lib/mongodb are popular locations. The user account that mongod runs under will need read and write access to this directory.
 - systemLog.path is /var/log/mongodb/mongod.log which is where mongod will write its output. If you do not set this value, mongod writes all output to standard output (e.g. stdout.)
 - logAppend is true, which ensures that mongod does not overwrite an existing log file following the server start operation.
 - storage.journal.enabled is true, which enables journaling. Journaling ensures single instance write-durability. 64-bit builds of mongod enable journaling by default. Thus, this setting may be redundant.
Given the default configuration, some of these values may be redundant. However, in many situations explicitly stating the configuration increases overall system intelligibility.
Security Considerations
The following collection of configuration options are useful for limiting access to a mongod instance. Consider the following settings, shown in both YAML and older configuration file format:
In YAML format
security:
 authorization: enabled
net:
 bindIp: 127.0.0.1,10.8.0.10,192.168.4.24
Or, if using the older older configuration file format:
bind_ip = 127.0.0.1,10.8.0.10,192.168.4.24
auth = true
Consider the following explanation for these configuration decisions:
 - bindIp" has three values: 127.0.0.1, the localhost interface; 10.8.0.10, a private IP address typically used for local networks and VPN interfaces; and 192.168.4.24, a private network interface typically used for local networks.
 Because production MongoDB instances need to be accessible from multiple database servers, it is important to bind MongoDB to multiple interfaces that are accessible from your application servers. At the same time it's important to limit these interfaces to interfaces controlled and protected at the network layer.
 - authorization" is true enables the authorization system within MongoDB. If enabled you will need to log in by connecting over the localhost interface for the first time to create user credentials.
See also
Security
Replication and Sharding Configuration
Replication Configuration
Replica set configuration is straightforward, and only requires that the replSetName have a value that is consistent among all members of the set. Consider the following:
In YAML format
replication:
 replSetName: set0
Or, if using the older configuration file format:
replSet = set0
Use descriptive names for sets. Once configured, use the mongo shell to add hosts to the replica set.
To enable authentication for the replica set, add the following keyFile option:
In YAML format
security:
 keyFile: /srv/mongodb/keyfile
Or, if using the older configuration file format:
keyFile = /srv/mongodb/keyfile
Setting keyFile enables authentication and specifies a key file for the replica set member use to when authenticating to each other. The content of the key file is arbitrary, but must be the same on all members of the replica set and mongos instances that connect to the set. The keyfile must be less than one kilobyte in size and may only contain characters in the base64 set and the file must not have group or "world" permissions on UNIX systems.
See also
The Replica Set Security section for information on configuring authentication with replica sets.
The Replication document for more information on replication in MongoDB and replica set configuration in general.
Sharding Configuration
Sharding requires mongod instances with different mongod configurations for the config servers and the shards. The config servers store the cluster's metadata, while the shards store the data.
To configure the config server mongod instances, in the configuration file, specify configsvr for the sharding.clusterRole setting.
Changed in version 3.4: Starting in version 3.4, MongoDB removes support for mirrored config servers and config servers must be deployed as a replica set. See Upgrade Config Servers to Replica Set.
 sharding:
 clusterRole: configsvr
 net:
 bindIp: 10.8.0.12
 port: 27001
replication:
 replSetName: csRS
To deploy config servers as a replica set, the config servers must run the WiredTiger Storage Engine. Initiate the replica set and add members.
To configure the shard mongod instances, specify shardsvr for the sharding.clusterRole setting, and if running as a replica set, the replica set name:
sharding:
 clusterRole: shardsvr
replication:
 replSetName: shardA
If running as a replica set, initiate the shard replica set and add members.
For the router (i.e. mongos), configure at least one mongos process with the following setting:
sharding:
 configDB: csRS/10.8.0.12:27001
You can specify additional members of the config server replica set by specifying hostnames and ports in the form of a comma separated list after the replica set name.
See also
The Sharding section of the manual for more information on sharding and cluster configuration.
Run Multiple Database Instances on the Same System
In many cases running multiple instances of mongod on a single system is not recommended. On some types of deployments [1] and for testing purposes you may need to run more than one mongod on a single system.
In these cases, use a base configuration for each instance, but consider the following configuration values:
In YAML format:
storage:
 dbPath: /srv/mongodb/db0/
processManagement:
 pidFilePath: /srv/mongodb/db0.pid
Or, if using the older


Rebates on invoices: how to deal with GST and QST?
April 16, 2020 | Marie-Hélène Tremblay
The current economic circumstances straining the liquidity of Canadian businesses will no doubt result in suppliers being required to grant rebates to recipients. This leads to the question as to whether suppliers are required to issue a credit note to the recipient and to adjust their GST/QST filings.
Surprisingly, suppliers are not required to issue a credit note in such circumstances. However, if the supplier chooses to issue a credit note, then the credit note must include the following information :
 1. a statement or indication that the document is a credit note;
 2. the name of the supplier (or the name under which the supplier does business) or the name of the intermediary (or the name under which the intermediary does business) as well as the GST and QST registration numbers of the supplier or the intermediary;
 3. the name of the recipient (or the name of the recipient's business) or the name of the recipient's duly authorized agent or representative;
 4. the date of issue of the credit note;
 5. the amount of the adjustment, refund or credit of GST/QST in respect of which the credit note is issued.
A supplier opting to issue a credit note for which the GST/QST was charged but not yet collected must subtract the portion of GST/QST that was calculated on the amount by which the consideration is reduced. If the supplier has already charged and collected the full amount of the tax from the recipient, the supplier is required to reimburse the recipient that portion of the tax that is commensurate to the amount of the reduction.
What should a recipient do when it is entitled to a rebate from a supplier who has chosen not to issue a credit note? If the recipient has already paid the GST and QST to the supplier, the recipient can request a refund of the GST/QST from the tax authorities within two years from the date the rebate was granted by the supplier. Of course a refund is only relevant to the extent that the recipient is not otherwise able to recoup the excess tax via the input credit mechanism or if the input credits have not yet been claimed by the recipient.
The rules governing credit notes can be quite subtle and thus a case-by-case analysis should be conducted to ensure there are no missteps with regard to GST/QST.


text:
In this video and guide we show you the best way to start an online lesson in Microsoft Teams. Follow the tips below if you want to control presenters and have more control over the video conference.
Tip 1 – Create your lesson in the calendar view
Creating your lesson in the calendar rather than directly from your class team channel gives you a number of benefits including:
- Sends out an email invitation to all students
- If students accept the invitation it will add it to their own personal outlook calendar providing structure to their day.
- You can stop students from being presenters (and some of the disruption they could cause)
When creating the calendar invite, there is no need to add the students individually, you just need to select the class as shown below.
Tip 2 – Stop students presenting
By default, students are also presenters which means they can share their screens and kick others out of the meeting. This may disrupt the lesson, but you can change this setting!
Save the calendar meeting and wait for it to finish setting up (it becomes bold in the calendar view).
Once you go back into the calendar item, you will see there are additional menu items for controlling the meeting options.
Select "Meeting options" and then change the presenter to "Only Me" and press "Save".
Tip 3 – Mute microphones
The first 4 students who join the meeting will have their mics unmuted, use the "Mute all" button at any point during the lesson.
Tip 4 – Share screens
Use the share button to share your screen or present an application or file.
Tip 5 – Mention that the lesson is about to start
Mentioning the class will send them an instant notification in teams. Use it to notify them that the lesson is about to start.
Tip 6 – Record the lesson
Some students may not be able to make it to your lesson in time. Ensure no one misses out and that they can use it for revision purposes by recording the meeting.
We hope you find these tips useful. Good luck with your online lessons!


text: A series-array voltage standard containing 2,076 Josephson junctions has been operated in a liquid helium bath maintained within a refrigerated Dewar over the temperature range 1.56K ≤ T ≤ 4.54K. No systematic variation in the array voltage near 1.018V with temperature was detected over this entire range, indicating that any temperature coefficient of the array voltage must be less than 2×10-8 V/K. The critical current and gap energy of the weakest junction within the array in the absence of millimeter wave power were measured as a function of temperature over this same range. The noise sensitivity of the array was observed to change abruptly but by a small amount as the helium bath was pumped superfluid. Voltage calibrations were unaffected by the bath's superfluid transition.


text:
If a movie is set on a space ship or space station, at some point there is a good chance that someone or something will be blown out of an airlock. Or, some character, depressed or guilt-racked, will attempt to eject themselves from an airlock. Or someone will threaten to or attempt to "space" or "float" another character. Being blown out an airlock is a very common theme in sci-fi, to the point of having become a cliché. See here for numerous examples.
If players try to follow this too well-trodden path, a wise GM may choose to incorporate some more realistic design features for the airlocks.
Lock the Lock!
The first objection to blowing something out an airlock is that opening an airlock to vacuum will not be as violent and dramatic as it is usually depicted. We are dealing with a relatively small volume of air, at only one atmosphere pressure.
In addition, any realistic airlock is likely to have design features that prevent it from being suddenly opened. One of the most obvious is that airlocks are likely to be locked under normal circumstances. Smaller vessels, such as those crewed by a single family of belters, may not bother with such precautions, but they are likely to be standard practice on most commercial and military vessels. The last thing you want is passengers being able to open airlocks to dispose of, or escape from, unloved spouses! Locking may include some physical system, such as a keycard. You don't want a cyber-hacker to be able to remotely open your airlocks! Keycards can be stolen, so the user may also have a keycode that must be punched in when the keycard is used.
Airlock doors may be designed so they cannot be opened if there is a significant pressure difference on either side. You do not want the internal door opened if the airlock is depressurized. You do not want the outer door opened if the airlock is not depressurized. Doors might be designed so that a significant pressure difference physically locks them in place. Such a system may be mechanical, preventing remote or high-tech tampering. Such could be achieved by having the inner and outer doors open inward. When there is a vacuum on one side of the door, the door is held shut by a force of 14.7 pounds per square inch (which for a door of around two square yards is equivalent to 19 tons of force!). Since the volume of an airlock is likely to be designed to be as small as practical, an inward swinging door may not be desirable. Possibly the doors will be of the sort that retract inwards and then slide to one side. (Inward retracting doors may be incompatible with the minimal volume requirements of a kwiklok).
When docked to another vessel or station, equal pressure on both sides of the pressure plug doors will allow both inner and outer doors to both be opened, facilitating loading operations.
If the design of airlocks (and physics), prevents you from blasting the contents out into space, what is to stop you depressurizing the interior, then opening the inner door?
The interior of an airlock is likely to have controls for pressurization and depressurization. If you are on your last gasps of oxygen, you do not want to wait for the bridge crew to operate the airlock for you. Comms may be down, or the bridge unmanned. Logic suggests that the airlock interior controls would be able to override commands from other control stations. If you are in an airlock you will want to be able to prevent anyone depressurizing it without your consent. Similarly, if your suit is low on oxygen you should be able to prevent anyone preventing you from cycling the airlock. Thus the interior controls will probably include an override that will repressurize a lock and keep it pressurized.
This feature means that you cannot depressurize an airlock without the occupant's consent or cooperation. Providing that they are conscious, and understand the controls, they can countermand any attempts to empty the air.
If you can empty the airlock, there is no helpful Hollywood blast of air to throw the unwanted contents into space. They will probably stay in the airlock unless there is someone there to throw them out!
Suppose a would-be suicide attempts to use the internal controls to depressurize the airlock that they are in? This would be a relatively prolonged process and would take considerable willpower to go through with as the pressure and oxygen level falls. It would also be fairly easy to counter. The override described above can also be engaged from outside the airlock, and can be locked.
For humanitarian reasons, the interior controls of an airlock have priority with respect to pressurizing the airlock. The interior controls can countermand any attempts to empty the airlock by using the override. The reverse may be the case concerning depressurization. The occupant cannot empty the airlock if the bridge or someone outside the airlock wishes to prevent it and activates the override. As well as preventing suicides, this feature prevents unauthorized exit from the vessel.
As may be deduced from above, any airlock is likely to be connected to alarm and monitoring systems. Any attempts to use an airlock will be drawn to the attention of crew and/or the vessel's AI.
The above comments have been made with space scenarios in mind. Many of the suggested features would also be applicable to undersea airlocks. The primary difference is that the pressure differential is reversed. Exterior pressure will be higher than interior, and may be of the order of many atmospheres, depending on depth. Sealock doors are therefore likely to be outward opening, as we see on modern submarines. The dense atmosphere on the surface of Venus means an airlock on Venus would resemble a sealock in operation.


text:
Inaugural Ghana Grows Agro Fusion Festival sparks enthusiasm among youth in agribusiness
Over 100 agro-entrepreneurs from Ghana's vibrant agribusiness sector gathered at the University of Ghana Athletic Oval in Accra last Friday to participate in the inaugural Ghana Grows Agro Fusion Festival.
Organized by the Springboard Road Show Foundation, in collaboration with the MasterCard Foundation, the festival aimed to provide a dynamic platform for players in the agribusiness sector to showcase and sell their products in a lively and entertaining atmosphere.
The event also served a broader purpose by addressing prevailing negative perceptions about agriculture and promoting Agriculture, Technology, Vocational, Educational, and Training (ATVET). One of the key focal points was tackling the issue of youth unemployment in Ghana.
The Executive Director of Springboard Roadshow Foundation, Comfort Ocran, emphasized the importance of encouraging the youth to explore opportunities in the agricultural space for socio-economic development.
Speaking to GraphicOnline during the festival, she highlighted the festival's role in shedding light on the diverse opportunities in agribusiness and ATVET, showcasing how young people are leveraging these opportunities.
"We seek to bring to the fore what opportunities there are in the agribusiness as well as ATVET space. Additionally, we want to show how young people are taking advantage of the opportunities in that space," said Mrs. Ocran.
The Ghana Grows Programme, spanning three years, comprises a series of interventions designed to inspire young people aged between 15 and 35, particularly young women, to pursue fulfilling careers in agriculture, agribusiness, and technical and vocational sectors.
As part of the Ghana Grows Programme, the partners plan to host training programs for entrepreneurs and provide soft skills training for those interested in the agribusiness sector.
Mrs. Ocran highlighted the 18 different initiatives available for young people within the program.
A participant at the fair who spoke to GraphicOnline, Mr. Benjamin Twum Barima, the General Manager of Bonne Graine said the festival had provided his outfit with a massive platform to showcase their business and products.
He said Bonne Graine was concerned with the processing of fruits and vegetables to reduce post-harvest losses.


text:
SABER M200 VIGILANTE radar introduced for air surveillanceNews
December 13, 2021
BRAZIL. Embraer and the Brazilian Army (EB) presented the SABER M200 VIGILANTE radar during an event at Embraer's Campinas unit. The radar was developed to support the country's anti-aircraft defense units, according to officials.
The company claims that the new Brazilian ground-based radar is designed to meet the needs of the Brazilian Armed Forces in their low-altitude surveillance missions of anti-aircraft defense.
Developed in Brazil by Embraer and the Army Technological Center (CTEx), a military organization part of the Army's Science, Technology, and Innovation System (SCTIEx), the SABER M200 VIGILANTE radar aims to furnish the Ground Force's Anti-Aircraft Artillery Units, powered by the latest radar technologies.
This new development will integrate into the family of Brazilian radars, which includes the SABER M60 radar, focused on the search of air targets and integrated into an Anti-Aircraft Operations Center, and the SENTIR M20 radar, for monitoring ground targets and being used in the Brazilian Border Monitoring System (SISFRON).


text:
A Greek olive branch wreath, known in ancient and modern Greece as "kotinos", made from the branches of the legendary trees of Vouves in Crete, the oldest olive tree in the world, travelled to Rio, Brazil, for the Olympics opening ceremony, accompanying the Greek Olympic team.
This is the 4th time that Kotinos is travelling to the Olympics ceremony, as it has been previously sent to Athens 2004, Beijing 2008 and London 2012.
Olympic champions were crowned with olive branch wreaths in the ancient Olympics. Kotinos has been for centuries a symbol of ethos and of fair play in the games that in turn symbolizes peace between nations.
The olive tree of Vouves is considered to be the oldest tree in the world between 3000 and 5000 years old and it still carries olives.


text:
Originally Posted by Troy Kerr
I found that its around 130 calories. However, when selecting your activity level to determine your blocks, is the activity level based on a crossfit style metcon, or a workout in general?
One Zone block meaning 1 each of fat, protein, and carbs OR what does a fat, protein, or carb block have in them?
1 block of fat, protein, and carbs = 91 calories.
1 block of protein is 28 cals
1 block of fat is 27 cals
1 block of carbs is 36 cals
CrossFit uses a.7 as the activity level.


text:
MyReporter finds out when there was Christmas snow in Wilmington
Q: When was the last time Wilmington had a white Christmas?
A: Believe it or not, the National Weather Service website has a page dedicated to Christmas climatology.
According to that page, a trace of snow fell on Christmas Day in only two years — 1948 and 1999 — in Wilmington. Unfortunately, an inch of snow on the ground is required to declare a white Christmas, the weather service page says.
That doesn't mean there wasn't snow on the ground on Christmas Day from a previous snowfall. For example, the highest snow depth on Christmas Day in Wilmington was 13 inches in 1989. That also was the Christmas Day when the mercury dipped to zero, making it the coldest temperature ever recorded in Wilmington since records began in 1874.
Other fun weather facts about Christmas Days in Wilmington:
The warmest — 77 degrees in 1955.
The coldest high temperature — 26 in 1983.
The warmest high temperature — 77 in 1955.
The coldest average temperature — 17.5 in 1983.
The warmest average temperature — 69.5 in 1964.
The most precipitation — 2.26 inches in 2006.
– Jim Ware


The orientation of some pages change from portrait to landscape when I scan multiple pages with Epson Scan and save them as a PDF. What should I do?
 - This happens if ABBYY Fine Reader is installed and you selected Create searchable PDF in Epson Scan. (The Create searchable PDF option saves the PDF file in a format that allows you to search for text within the document.)
 Follow these steps to disable this setting:
 1. Start Epson Scan.
 2. Click the file folder icon next to the Scan button. The File Save Settings window appears.
 3. Under Image Format, select PDF for the Type setting.
 4. Click the Options button.
 5. Click the Text tab.
 6. Deselect Create searchable PDF.
 7. Click OK to save your changes.
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text:
A Commercial Lease Application is a legally-binding document that is filled out by a prospective tenant who wishes to use the property for business purposes. The application is used by the landlord to obtain information about the potential renter and use the information given for background checks and credit checks. The application aids the landlord in the process of deciding who to rent their commercial property to. It is also used as a protection against false claims that a landlord chose an applicant for improper or discriminatory reasons. While a landlord can customize the application, it is important that some key information is included.
The application will generally ask for information such as:
- If the potential tenant is a corporation, a partnership, or an individual
- The business' name, address and phone number
- Federal Tax ID number
- With the application, landlords will often request at least 2 years previous tax information. This includes the last 2 annual reports and corporate tax return if the potential client is a corporation. If the prospective tenant is a partnership or an individual the landlord will request the tax returns from at least the last 2 years.
- A description of the intended use of the property
- Current and/or previous landlord's name, address, and phone number
- The number of parking spaces that will be needed
- The number of employees and projected number of future employees
- A Bank reference, including the name of the bank and account number
- Two or more credit references
- And if there will be any hazardous materials and approximate amounts


How Does Teams Know When You Are Away?
How do you add status to a team?
To set your status message in Teams:Go to your profile pic at the top of Teams and select Set status message to view your options.Type the message that you want to show other people in the box.
Choose when you want the message to stop displaying.Select Done and you're all set..
How long until Microsoft teams shows away?
FYI— if you've been idle for 10 minutes or more, Teams will automatically change your status from Available to Away.
Why does teams keep showing me as away?
any activity. keyboard or mouse activity will set teams to show you as available until there is lack of input for 5 continuous minutes and it will show you as away to everyone even if you set a manual status yourself. Just open a small paperclip and insert it beside the INSERT key in your keyboard.
Can Microsoft teams track your activity?
You can also view Teams activity through reports that are available from the Microsoft 365 admin center. These reports are part of the Microsoft 365 reports in the Microsoft 365 admin center and provide information about user activity and device usage. … Under Select a report, click Microsoft Teams.
How do I stop teams from showing away?
While Teams will automatically change your status when you're busy or away, you can also manually set it.Click your profile picture in the upper right.Click your current status. A status menu appears, with several statuses to choose from.Select a new status.
How do you always be available on a team?
To explicitly set it yourself, go to your profile at the top of Teams, and select one from the list. You can also update your status from the command box. Type /away, /busy, /dnd, /brb, or /available to set your status as Away, Busy, Do not disturb, Be right back, or Available.
How do I change my teams timeout?
To save time, you can alternatively use the command bar on Microsoft Teams to change your status. Enter "/available", "/away", "/dnd" or "/busy" into the command bar and your status will change.
How do you set focusing status on a team?
Focus Time To modify your settings in this regard, click your picture near the upper, right corner of the Teams window and then click Settings. Then click Privacy followed by Manage priority access to open the window shown in Figure 1.
How do teams stay green?
You can force presence by setting it to green. If you do that, it will stay green until you reset or lock computer / machine sleep or reset after 24 hours. That is why there is a reset status option at all.
Does Microsoft teams automatically change status?
Note that Teams will automatically set your status from Available to Away when the Teams app is in the background. … If you're in a meeting or call, Teams will automatically change your status to In a meeting or In a call (Busy) when not set to Do not disturb.
How do I turn off out of office in Microsoft teams?
Click the gear button. Choose Mail> Automatic processing> Automatic replies. Now, tick the option that says Don't send automatic replies. If the issue persists, then remove it and check if it works.


Article
Oxidation causes melanin fluorescence. Invest Ophthamol Vis Sci
Department of Vitreoretinal Surgery, Division of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Germany.
Investigative Ophthalmology &amp Visual Science (Impact Factor: 3.66). 02/2001; 42(1):241-6.
Source: PubMed
ABSTRACT The goal of this study is the characterization of the strong yellow fluorescence of oxidized melanin in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and the choroid.
Naturally occurring melanin in the human retina and choroid was oxidized by exposing fixed and plastic-embedded sections of a human eye to light and hydrogen peroxide. Synthetic melanin was also oxidized in vitro by exposure to light and hydrogen peroxide. The fluorescence of oxidized melanin was examined by absorption spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, and fluorescence microscopy.
Naturally occurring melanin oxidized in situ exhibited a lipofuscin-like yellow fluorescence. Oxidation of melanin in vitro degraded the melanin polymer, resulting in a fluorescent solution. Fluorescence spectroscopy gave an excitation maximum at approximately 470 nm and an emission maximum at approximately 540 nm for both natural and synthetic melanin. Increasing the time of exposure to light or hydrogen peroxide increased melanin fluorescence.
The results indicate that the strong yellow fluorescence of melanin in the RPE and choroid in situ is a property of oxidized melanin and is not due to contamination of the melanin by proteinaceous or lipid materials. The data presented allow a reinterpretation of the results obtained from fluorescence investigations of melanin-containing tissue and suggest a link between melanin degradation and lipofuscin formation.
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Available from: Peter Kayatz, Feb 07, 2014
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 - "Triplet excited carbonyls 350–550 nm [36] [75] Singlet excited pigments 360–560 nm melanin [76] [77] 680–740 nm chlorophyll [78] Triplet excited pigments 870–1000 nm chlorophyll + Dimolar singlet oxygen 634 nm, 703 nm [22] [23] [37] Monomolar singlet oxygen 1270 nm * + expected based on the singlet excited pigment emission but not yet directly confirmed as a contribution to ultra-weak photon emission. Emission wavelength from triplet excited chlorophyll is known from phosphorescence measurement [79]. "
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 ABSTRACT: This review attempts to summarize molecular mechanisms, spectral and intensity properties, detection techniques and applications of ultra-weak photon emission. Ultra-weak photon emission is the chemiluminescence from biological systems where electronically excited species are formed during oxidative metabolic or oxidative stress processes. It is generally accepted that photons are emitted (1) at near UVA, visible, and near IR spectral ranges from 350 to 1300nm and (2) at the intensity of photon emission in the range of several units to several hundreds (oxidative metabolic process) and several hundreds to several thousands (oxidative stress process) photons s(-1)cm(-2). Current development in detection using low-noise photomultiplier tubes and imaging using highly sensitive charge coupled device cameras allows temporal and spatial visualization of oxidative metabolic or oxidative stress processes, respectively. As the phenomenon of ultra-weak photon emission reflects oxidative metabolic or oxidative stress processes, it can be widely used as a non-invasive tool for monitoring of the physiological state of biological systems.
 Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology 02/2014; 139. DOI:10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2014.02.009 · 2.80 Impact Factor
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 - "They are ubiquitous in nature and occur in various organisms, particularly fungi and bacteria have been found to show a high melanin content which is associated with microbial pathogenesis (Gomez and Nosanchuk, 2003; Nosanchuk and Casadevall, 2003). Compared to the other age-related pigments, melanin is regarded to show only a relatively weak fluorescence, but it has been shown that oxidation significantly increases fluorescence with a emission maximum at ∼540 nm when excited at ∼470 nm (Kayatz et al., 2001). Fluorescent light emission from tetrapyrrolic compounds (i.e. "
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 ABSTRACT: Primary biological aerosol particles (PBAP) are an important subset of air particulate matter with a substantial contribution to the organic aerosol fraction and potentially strong effects on public health and climate. Recent progress has been made in PBAP quantification by utilizing real-time bioaerosol detectors based on the principle that specific organic molecules of biological origin such as proteins, coenzymes, cell wall compounds and pigments exhibit intrinsic fluorescence. The properties of many fluorophores have been well documented, but it is unclear which are most relevant for detection of atmospheric PBAP. The present study provides a systematic synthesis of literature data on potentially relevant biological fluorophores. We analyze and discuss their relative importance for the detection of fluorescent biological aerosol particles (FBAP) by online instrumentation for atmospheric measurements such as the ultraviolet aerodynamic particle sizer (UV-APS) or the wide issue bioaerosol sensor (WIBS). In addition, we provide new laboratory measurement data for selected compounds using bench-top fluorescence spectroscopy. Relevant biological materials were chosen for comparison with existing literature data and to fill in gaps of understanding. The excitation-emission matrices (EEM) exhibit pronounced peaks at excitation wavelengths of ~280 nm and ~360 nm, confirming the suitability of light sources used for online detection of FBAP. They also show, however, that valuable information is missed by instruments that do not record full emission spectra at multiple wavelengths of excitation, and co-occurrence of multiple fluorophores within a detected sample will likely confound detailed molecular analysis. Selected non-biological materials were also analyzed to assess their possible influence on FBAP detection and generally exhibit only low levels of background-corrected fluorescent emission. This study strengthens the hypothesis that ambient supermicron particle fluorescence in wavelength ranges used for most FBAP instruments is likely to be dominated by biological material and that such instrumentation is able to discriminate between FBAP and non-biological material in many situations. More detailed follow-up studies on single particle fluorescence are still required to reduce these uncertainties further, however.
 Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 01/2011; 5(1). DOI:10.5194/amtd-4-5857-2011 · 3.21 Impact Factor
 - Source
 - "Recently, it was reported that melanins emit fluorescence in the NIR region (820–920 nm) when excited at 785 nm [26]. Oxidation may be the cause of melanin fluorescence as it has been shown that nonoxidized melanins have very weak fluorescence compared with oxidized ones [48]. In skin tissue with melanoma, pigmented areas have much higher fluorescence intensity than nonpigmented areas with two-photon excitation at 800 nm [49]. "
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 ABSTRACT: Current research on multiphoton autofluorescence microscopy is primarily focused on imaging the signal from reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleatide (NADH) in tissue. NADH levels in cells are useful reporters of metabolic information, as well as early indicators in precancer and cancer diagnosis. While NADH is typically imaged in the 400-500 nm spectral window, the amino acid tryptophan is the major source of tissue fluorescence in the Ultraviolet range. Here, we briefly review current progress in multiphoton autofluorescence imaging of live tissues and cells, and report our recent findings of in vivo mouse skin imaging based on multiphoton excited tryptophan autofluorescence. This new method enables noninvasive imaging of skin tissue at video-rate and allows for the visualization and identification of cellular components in the epidermis, dermis, and muscle layers. It is also possible to image through small blood vessels in the mouse skin and observe circulating leukocytes in situ .
 IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics 07/2010; 16(3-16):516 - 523. DOI:10.1109/JSTQE.2009._PHONE_ · 3.47 Impact Factor
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Le Seur, Minnesota
For many years, farmers and local residents near Le Seur, Minnesota have reported seeing a red light, that looks like a lantern, bobbing along the Omaha Railroad tracks south of the town. These sightings date back many years and have been connected to an unsubstantiated report of an old hermit who lived in a nearby cave. Does his ghost still haunt the area?
The area south of town was known as Old Brewery Hill for the brewery that was started there around 1875 by George Kienzli. He constructed a small building on the hill and beneath it dug two deep cellars into the earth. Large wooden casks were brought in to store the beer while it aged and to hold ice that would keep the earthen chambers cool in the summer. The beer that was brewed there was hauled to nearby towns and it was fairly successful for a number of years. Eventually, it was sold twice more and closed down. The buildings later burned down but it is said that visitors along the east side of Ottawa road can still see the remains of the cellars if they can find the right side of the hill.
While the brewery is long since gone, the story of a ghost in the vicinity remains. It was believed that a man lived in one of the brewery caves and people claimed to see him leave the cave, walking along and carrying a red lantern. It was said that if you tried to approach him, he and the lantern would disappear. Curiosity-seekers who explored the cave found some old clothes, a straw mattress, a shoe box.... and human bones.
Apparently, the hermit who lived in the cave had died long ago, but someone was seen leaving the place at night and walking along the railroad tracks! A brakeman aboard a passing train reported that one night, the train was forced to stop because of someone carrying a lantern along the tracks. When the brakeman got down from the train to removed the man from the path of the train, there was no one there. The engineer and several workers on the train all swore that they had seen a red lantern.
As time has passed the ghost of the old hermit still haunts the stretch of tracks near Old Brewery Hill, still waving his red lantern as he walks along and still vanishing if anyone gets too near. Why he haunts this place remains a mystery....
The small town of Le Seur, Minnesota is located in the south central part of the state, about fifty miles southwest of Minneapolis/ St. Paul. Old Brewery Hill is located south of town along the road to Ottawa. The hill is located on the east side of the highway.
Copyright 1998 by Troy Taylor
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What is a button? Well, the answer varies depends on who's answering the question. Ask a tailor and he'll tell you a button is the simplest element used to keep clothes together. Ask a computer programmer and he'll probably tell you that a button is the simplest element used to hold a GUI application together.
Look at any Web page or application on your computer desktop and you'll see what we mean. The button is merely an element with text. When you click on it, it does something--usually exactly what the text says it will do. Click the "Save" button and your work is saved. Click the "Delete" button and your work is deleted. Simple, right?
In Shoes applications, the button is not only a simple and commonly-used element, but incredibly easy to create. The button method takes a single argument: the text to display in the button.


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Posted Thursday 21 October 2021
Kingston School of Art's creative agency, Studio KT1, has teamed up with Canary Wharf Group to add colour, creativity and originality to a store front at Jubilee Place mall. The student artwork has been selected to wrap the window of a selected store front, giving shoppers an improved retail environment while offering a unique opportunity to an up-and-coming artist.
Students pitched their designs for the project to Canary Wharf Group at the start of the summer with the focus on bold, bright and eye-catching displays. Of the 14 applicants from a variety of courses, Louise Hung's work was chosen for its playful design and nod to sustainability and biodiversity. The artwork depicts a fantasy future landscape bursting with life, as animals and wildlife congregate in Louise's colourful illustrative style.
The Illustration Animation BA (Hons) student's winning artwork will be on display throughout autumn in Canary Wharf's Jubilee Place mall. "The illustration was inspired by Half-Earth, written by biologist E. O. Wilson," she explained. "Half-Earth is a call to protect half the land and sea to manage sufficient habitat to safeguard the bulk of biodiversity. I am very lucky to have this opportunity to be illustrating topics close to my heart such as ecology, sustainability and our planet."
Studio KT1 is a creative agency within the art school giving current students the opportunity to work on paid live projects while they study. The agency, headed up by Claire Selby, has worked with a number of high-profile clients including Unilever, BBC R&D and Veolia. It is also collaborating with Kingston First on the Kingston Canvas project to wrap vacant shop frontages in Kingston upon Thames with art work.
Keith Watson, public art curator for the Canary Wharf Group, said he was glad to able to offer an opportunity to a student. "The winning project brings a beautiful fresh approach to illustration and will enhance the shopping experience for our visitors," he said.
Selby said the success of the project once again proved the value of students working on real life briefs and picking up invaluable work experience. "We are really delighted to be giving young talent from Kingston School of Art opportunities at a time when traditional exhibition spaces are experiencing difficulties and being closed down or cancelled. Thanks to our work with Keith and his team at Canary Wharf Group, we are able to showcase Louise's work to a large audience in an incredibly high footfall area."
Louise's artwork is the latest addition to the estate's public art collection, which contains more than 75 permanent works by over 50 world-renowned artists and craftsmen .


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Precision Time Align is a high precision sub-sample delay that can slide a track forward or backwards in time. It will help you get perfectly synchronized double-tracked recordings completely eliminating timing anomalies and phase issues from your mix, especially on multi-miked drums, vocals and instruments:
- Synchronize signals to microsecond accuracy, up to 1/64th of a sample.
- Phase Invert button fixes mirror-image acoustical phasing.
- Precise Coarse and Fine controls optimize time shift in recordings.
- Perform negative delays, moving the track up in time relative to other tracks in the recording.
- Four different methods for calibrating the signal to achieve perfect signal matching.
- Precision Time Delay also included for use with D.A.W.s lacking delay compensation.
- Much faster and more accurate workflow than trying to manually align in your D.A.W.


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Click Image to Enlarge
Center-surface winding uses all three of the TNT winding principles. Web tension is controlled by the surface drive connected to the lay-on or pressure roll to optimize slitting and web spreading. Feedback from web-tension load cells trims this drive to control constant web tension during winding. Lay-on roll loading applied to the winding roll controls the nip. Torque from the center drive is programmed to produce the desired in-wound tension for the desired roll-hardness profile.
Center winders can be a gap winder, where only tension is used to control roll hardness. A center winder could also incorporate a lay-on or pressure roll. This winder would use both tension and nip to control the roll's hardness. With a center winding process, the spindle torque through the center of the roll provides the web tension.
Surface-type film winders use a driven winding drum. The winding rolls are loaded against the drum and are surface wound.
A lot of science goes into winding. So-called TNT (tension, winding, torque) winding principles are well established and have been proven and modeled at the Web Handling Research Center at Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Okla.
Yet determining which of these principles, or the proportional amount of each, to use for proper winding of different types of materials under specific sets of conditions is still considered "art." This article is intended to help processors select the best type of winder to use in order to consistently produce high-quality, defect-free rolls of web material. We will discuss the winding principles, how they are used on different types of winders, and present product parameters for which each type of winder is best suited.
Roll hardness is developed in different ways on different types of winders but the basic principles of how to build roll hardness stay the same. To remember these principles, just remember that to consistently wind "dynamite rolls" you need TNT:
-Tension: The winding web tension.
-Nip: The nip of the pressure roll or drum.
-Torque: From the center drive or torque drum.
When winding elastic films, web tension is the dominant principle of winding used to control roll hardness. The more tension pulled and the more stretch put on the web before winding, the harder the wound rolls will ultimately be. The winding web tension is often determined empirically.
However, the maximum amount of web tension can also be determined by using 10% to 25% of the material's elastic limit. When relying only on tension to control roll density, it is important that the winding tension be tapered smoothly as the roll diameter increases. The tension taper should be between 0 and 50%. A tension taper of 25% at full roll is common.
When winding inelastic webs, nip is the dominant principle used to control roll hardness. Web tension is controlled to optimize the slitting and spreading operations. The nip controls the roll hardness by removing the boundary layer of air following the web into the winding roll. The rolling nip also induces in-wound tension into the roll. The harder the nip, the harder the winding roll will be.
The challenge for winding is to have sufficient nip to remove the air and wind hard, straight rolls without introducing too much in-wound tension in order to prevent roll blocking or deformation of the web over the high-caliper area.
Key considerations in applying the nip principle of winding are:
-The nip must be applied where the web enters the winding roll.
-The winding film's weight and the lay-on roll's weight, as well as web tension, should not affect the nip loading.
-The nip pressure should be tapered as the roll winds, to prevent "starring" and "telescoping."
-The larger the roll diameter, the more air is introduced to the nip, producing a tapered nip pressure with a constant nip loading.
Torque winding is the force induced through the center of the winding roll, which is transmitted through the web layers and tightens the inner wraps. This torque is used to produce the web tension when center winding. Therefore, "tension" and "torque" are the same winding principle. However, when the pressure roll is driven to control the web's tension, then the torque induced through the center of the roll can be independently controlled to adjust the winding roll's hardness profile.
Film winding is often referred to as an art. This is because the setting and programming of the TNT will vary depending on:
-The type and design of the winder.
-The type of web material being wound (thick/thin, extensible/non-extensible, slippery/sticky).
-The width of the rolls being wound.
-The speed of the winding operation.
There are three basic winding processes used for web materials: center winding, surface winding, and combination center-surface winding. Each process uses one or more of the TNT winding principles to build roll hardness.
A center winder could be a gap winder where only tension is used to control roll hardness. A center winder could also incorporate a lay-on or pressure roll. This winder would use both tension and nip to control the roll's hardness. In center winding, the spindle torque through the center of the roll provides the web tension.
An advantage of center winding is that this process can wind softer rolls. This type of turret winder can provide quick indexing and fast cycle times. The disadvantage of center winding is the limitation of maximum roll diameter due to the torque applied through the layers of slippery webs. In addition, center winders have a higher probability of generating scrap during roll changes.
Turret center winders are:
-Best for winding soft rolls (i.e. webs with gauge bands).
-Best for winding film with high tack.
-Best for winding small-diameter rolls.
-Easily designed for dual-direction winding.
-Able to provide adhesiveless transfers.
When surface winding elastic materials, web tension is the dominant winding principle. When surface winding inelastic materials, nip is the dominant winding principle. Surface-type film winders use a driven winding drum. The winding rolls are loaded against the drum and are surface wound.
The advantage of surface winding is that web tension is not supplied from torque being applied through the layers of film wrapped into the roll. The disadvantage is that air cannot be wound into the roll to minimize gauge bands and roll blocking problems.
Drum surface winders are:
-Best for winding hard rolls (i.e., protective films).
-Best in utilization of space and horsepower.
-Best for winding very large-diameter rolls.
-Best for minimizing waste during transfers.
-Mechanically simpler, with a single and smaller winding drive.
A center-surface winder uses both center winding and surface winding processes (see Fig. 1). Center-surface winding uses all three of the TNT principles. The web tension is controlled by the surface drive connected to the lay-on or pressure roll to optimize slitting and web spreading. The feedback from the web-tension load cells trims this drive to control constant web tension during the winding operation. The lay-on roll loading applied to the winding roll controls the nip. The torque from the center drive is programmed to produce the desired in-wound tension for the roll hardness profile desired.
The advantage of center-surface winding is that the winding tension can be controlled independently of the web tension. For high-tension applications, center-surface winders can share the tension horsepower requirements to allow small center drives. The disadvantage of center-surface winding is that the winding equipment is more expensive and complex.
Center-surface winders are:
-Best for winding high-slip films to larger diameters.
-Best for slitting and winding extensible films to larger diameters.
-Best to significantly taper in-wound tension without affecting the film width.
-Able to supply in-wound tension without stretching the web over caliper bands.
About the author
R. Duane Smith is product manager of specialty winding at Davis-Standard LLC/Black Clawson Converting Machinery. He has been associated with the company for nearly 40 years and has been awarded two patents in the area of winding. Contact: _PHONE_; email: _EMAIL_; website: davis-standard.com.


Recycled Wool Pants Panda
This recycled crafts sewing project shows you how to take an old pair of woolen pants (or jumper/pullover) and create an adorable plushie panda.
Recycled Wool Pants Panda
What you need
old woolen pants
needle and thread
button (for the nose)
step 1: cut one leg of the pant, sew along the straight line to get a bag open at both ends.
step 2: sew the lower narrow end by running stitch to tightly close it. (like making ruffles) .
Panda Step 1
Panda Steps 1a
step 3: make running stitches around the neck portion.
Panda Step 3
step 4: stitch the eyes, nose and ears on the head and fill it.
Stitch Panda Eyes
Stitch Panda Nose
step 5: slightly pull the running stitch thread to get a neck.
Make Panda Neck
step 6: stitch the arms and fill the body.
Stitch Arms
step 7: again to close the end make running stitches around.
Make Running Stitches
step 8: fold the remaining portion inside the toy.
Fold Inside Toy
step 9: fill the remaining body and pull the stitch thread to close the end.
Close The End
step 10: stitch the legs and tie a ribbon bow around the neck
Panda finished
 1. I would do it, but I can't sew.
 2. wow
What do you think of this project? Let us know!


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William Fargo was a pioneer American expressman who helped found the modern day financial firms of American Express Company and Wells Fargo with his business partner, Henry Wells.
William George Fargo was born in Pompey in Onondaga County, New York on May 20, 1818. He was the eldest of twelve children of William C. Fargo (1791–1878) (formerly of New London, Connecticut) and Stacy Chappel Strong (1799–1869). His younger brother was James Congdell Strong Fargo (1829–1915). His father, who was born in New London, Connecticut, fought in the War of 1812. The elder Fargo was stationed at Fort Niagara and fought in the battle of Queenston Heights under General Van Rensselaer that resulted in the death of British General Isaac Brock. Fargo was wounded in right thigh, just before the Americans took possession of the ground. His grandfather was William Beebe Fargo (1757–1801), the son of William Fargo (1726–1813). His great-grandfather was the son of Moses Fargo (1691–1798) and the grandson of Moses Fargo (1648–1742), who emigrated from England to Connecticut in 1670 and served with distinction in the Revolutionary War.
In January 1840, Fargo married Anna H. Williams (1820–1890), daughter of Nathan Williams, one of the proprietors of Pompey, with whom he had eight children.
Georgia Fargo (1841–1892), who died unmarried
Alma Cornelia Fargo (1842–1842), who died young
Sarah Irene Fargo (1843–1854)
William George Fargo, Jr. (1845–1872), who married Minerva Elizabeth Prendergast (1848–1873)
Hannah Sophia Fargo (1847–1851), who died young
Mary Louise Fargo (1851–1852), who died young
Helen Lacy Fargo (1857–1886), who married Herbert G. Squiers (1859–1911), a diplomat who served as Minister to Cuba (1902–1905) and Panama (1906–1909)
Edwin Morgan Fargo (1861–1865), who died young
William was christened at Grace Episcopal Church in Buffalo, New York on November 19, 1854.
He died on August 3, 1881. After his funeral on August 7, 1881, he was buried at Forest Lawn Cemetery in Buffalo, New York. Fargo's wife Anna died in 1890. The city of Fargo, North Dakota is named after him.
↑ "United States Census, 1880," database with images, FamilySearch (_URL_ : 20 August 2017), William G Fargo, Buffalo, Erie, New York, United States; citing enumeration district ED 165, sheet 202B, NARA microfilm publication T9 (Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, n.d.), FHL microfilm 1,254,831.
↑ "New York State Census, 1875," database with images, FamilySearch (_URL_ : 11 March 2018), William G Fargo, Buffalo, Erie, New York, United States; citing p. 68, line 18, State Library, Albany; FHL microfilm 825,689.
↑ Find A Grave, database and images (_URL_ : accessed 24 January 2020), memorial page for William George Fargo (20 May 1818–3 Aug 1881), Find A Grave: Memorial #326, citing Forest Lawn Cemetery, Buffalo, Erie County, New York, USA ; Maintained by Find A Grave .


Clipboard Help+Spell 2.16 review
Clipboard Help+Spell
You may recall developer Mouser from other hits such as Find and Run Robot, Snapshot Captor, and Web Link Captor. And indeed, Clipboard Help+Spell carries his distinctive style: comprehensive Options dialog, multiple interface layouts, and other niceties that add up to the feeling that if you just dig deep enough, you can get Clipboard Help+Spell to do just about anything.
Much like competitor ArsClip, Clipboard Help+Spell features a powerful pop-up menu that lets you use most of the application's features without having to switch away from the program in use. The menu shows a list of recently copied text snippets, any of which take just a single keystroke to paste in at the cursor. You can also set aside a bunch of favorite clips so that you always have them handy, paste the current date and time in multiple formats, format selected text in various ways (such as title and sentence case), and many other features.
One of the nicest Clipboard Help+Spell features is called the Stack. At any point during your work, you can pop open the menu and set a "start stack" marker. Clipboard Help+Spell then records the series of items you copy, and lets you paste them back in the same sequence, one by one. This is very useful when transferring information manually from a text document into a spreadsheet, for example. You can just focus on finding and copying the information, and paste it into the spreadsheet later. That's much faster than having to constantly switch back and forth between the document and the spreadsheet.
Clipboard Help+Spell: built-in spell checker
Clipboard Help+Spell does have a built-in spell-checker, but you can't use it through the pop-up menu: You need to switch to the program's main window and select a clip to work on. You can then read through the clip and hunt for words with a red squiggly underline (just like in Microsoft Word), or execute a spell-check on the snippet, which pops open a spelling dialog on every error. So, spellchecking is available, but it isn't the star of the show.
In truth, most Clipboard Help+Spell users probably won't scratch the surface of this complex and powerful beast. But even if you only use 10% of what it has to offer, you'll still end up with a more powerful and flexible, clipboard. Try it out. See all: PC Advisor software downloads
Clipboard Help+Spell
Clipboard Help+Spell 2.16: Specs
 - Microsoft Windows 2000/7/8 Desktop/Vista/XP
Clipboard Help+Spell is simple and effective, and can save you time even if you use just a small subset of its features.
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