text:
To keep your KLUDI fitting as shiny as it was on day one – even years later – we have compiled a few recommendations on caring for your fittings here.
tips for cleaning and caring
- 1. Use the right cleaning agent
For everyday care, please use neutral cleaning agents and water only. To remove stubborn limescale deposits, you can use a cleaning agent containing citric acid. Avoid cleaning agents containing the following chemicals:
- Acetic acid (also known as ethanoic acid or acidum aceticum)
- Hydrochloric acid (muriatic acid, acidum hydrochloricum)
- Formic acid (methanoic acid, formylic acid, metacarbonic acid, hydrogen carboxylic acid)
- Sodium hypochlorite (bleach, sodium oxychloride)
- Phosphoric acid (E 338).
Stainless steel fittings may be damaged by cleaning agents containing hydrofluoric acid and chlorine.
- 2. The right cleaning utensil
Rinse the fittings with plenty of water and polish them with a soft cloth. Do not use scouring agents, steel wool, brushes, sponge pads or microfibre cloths to clean fittings. They can damage and scratch the surface of your fitting.
- 3. Follow the care instructions
Care instructions are included with all of our KLUDI products. We recommend holding onto them and consulting them when in doubt.
- 4. Prevent limescale deposits
Prevent build-up of dirt and limescale deposits by cleaning regularly. Thanks to the flexible nubs, the head and hand showers are generally easy to clean with your finger. All you have to do is rub them gently to remove any limescale.
- 5. Do not apply cleaning agents directly
If possible, do not spray the cleaning agent directly onto the fitting. Instead, apply the cleaning agent to a soft cloth and wipe the surface gently. You can then rinse with clean water.
- 6. Rinse with clean water
Afterwards, rinse off any remaining cleaning agent with clean – ideally hot – water. Finally, we recommend polishing lightly with a soft cloth to prevent new limescale deposits forming.
- 7. Test gentler alternatives
Light soiling can sometimes be removed using just water and conventional soap. Gentle cleaning increases the service life of the fitting.
- 8. Don't forget the aerator
Daily use can cause limescale to build up quickly on the surface of fittings in kitchens and bathrooms, depending on the lime content in the water. The aerator – the screen in the fitting spout – can also become blocked by limescale deposits. That can cause the fitting to splash or drip. For this reason, don't forget to look after the inside of the fitting when cleaning. If in doubt, a plumber can easily replace an aerator.
- 9. Clean the head and hand shower
To maintain a beautiful spray, all you have to do is wipe the silicon nubs of the head or hand shower regularly by hand. We make the spray nozzles from a special flexible silicon to allow you to rub over them, thus preventing the build-up of limescale. Child's play – It couldn't be easier!


ct_telnet
Common Test specific layer on top of telnet client ct_telnet_client.erl
Common Test specific layer on top of telnet client ct_telnet_client.erl
Use this module to set up telnet connections, send commands and perform string matching on the result. See the unix_telnet manual page for information about how to use ct_telnet, and configure connections, specifically for unix hosts.
The following default values are defined in ct_telnet:
 Connection timeout = 10 sec (time to wait for connection)
 Command timeout = 10 sec (time to wait for a command to return)
 Max no of reconnection attempts = 3
 Reconnection interval = 5 sek (time to wait in between reconnection attempts)
 Keep alive = true (will send NOP to the server every 8 sec if connection is idle)
 Polling limit = 0 (max number of times to poll to get a remaining string terminated)
 Polling interval = 1 sec (sleep time between polls)
These parameters can be altered by the user with the following configuration term:
 {telnet_settings, [{connect_timeout,Millisec},
 {command_timeout,Millisec},
 {reconnection_attempts,N},
 {reconnection_interval,Millisec},
 {keep_alive,Bool},
 {poll_limit,N},
 {poll_interval,Millisec}]}.
Millisec = integer(), N = integer()
Enter the telnet_settings term in a configuration file included in the test and ct_telnet will retrieve the information automatically. Note that keep_alive may be specified per connection if required. See unix_telnet for details.
Logging
The default logging behaviour of ct_telnet is to print information to the test case HTML log about performed operations and commands and their corresponding results. What won't be printed to the HTML log are text strings sent from the telnet server that are not explicitly received by means of a ct_telnet function such as expect/3. ct_telnet may however be configured to use a special purpose event handler, implemented in ct_conn_log_h, for logging all telnet traffic. To use this handler, you need to install a Common Test hook named cth_conn_log. Example (using the test suite info function):
 suite() ->
 [{ct_hooks, [{cth_conn_log, [{conn_mod(),hook_options()}]}]}].
conn_mod() is the name of the common_test module implementing the connection protocol, i.e. ct_telnet.
The cth_conn_log hook performs unformatted logging of telnet data to a separate text file. All telnet communication is captured and printed, including arbitrary data sent from the server. The link to this text file can be found on the top of the test case HTML log.
By default, data for all telnet connections is logged in one common file (named default), which might get messy e.g. if multiple telnet sessions are running in parallel. It is therefore possible to create a separate log file for each connection. To configure this, use the hook option hosts and list the names of the servers/connections that will be used in the suite. Note that the connections must be named for this to work (see the open function below).
The hook option named log_type may be used to change the cth_conn_log behaviour. The default value of this option is raw, which results in the behaviour described above. If the value is set to html, all telnet communication is printed to the test case HTML log instead.
All cth_conn_log hook options described above can also be specified in a configuration file with the configuration variable ct_conn_log. Example:
 {ct_conn_log, [{ct_telnet,[{log_type,raw},
 {hosts,[key_or_name()]}]}]}
Note that hook options specified in a configuration file will overwrite any hardcoded hook options in the test suite!
Logging example
The following ct_hooks statement will cause printing of telnet traffic to separate logs for the connections named server1 and server2. Traffic for any other connections will be logged in the default telnet log.
 suite() ->
 [{ct_hooks,
 [{cth_conn_log, [{ct_telnet,[{hosts,[server1,server2]}]}]}]}].
As previously explained, the above specification could also be provided by means of an entry like this in a configuration file:
 {ct_conn_log, [{ct_telnet,[{hosts,[server1,server2]}]}]}.
in which case the ct_hooks statement in the test suite may simply look like this:
 suite() ->
 [{ct_hooks, [{cth_conn_log, []}]}].
Types
connection() = handle() | {target_name() (see module ct), connection_type()} | target_name() (see module ct)
connection_type() = telnet | ts1 | ts2
handle() = handle() (see module ct_gen_conn)
prompt_regexp() = string()
Functions
open(Name) -> {ok, Handle} | {error, Reason}
Equivalent to open(Name, telnet).
open(Name, ConnType) -> {ok, Handle} | {error, Reason}
 - Name = target_name()
 - ConnType = connection_type() (see module ct_telnet)
 - Handle = handle() (see module ct_telnet)
 - Reason = term()
Open a telnet connection to the specified target host.
open(KeyOrName, ConnType, TargetMod) -> {ok, Handle} | {error, Reason}
open(KeyOrName, ConnType, TargetMod, Extra) -> {ok, Handle} | {error, Reason}
 - KeyOrName = Key | Name
 - Key = atom()
 - Name = target_name() (see module ct)
 - ConnType = connection_type()
 - TargetMod = atom()
 - Extra = term()
 - Handle = handle()
 - Reason = term()
Open a telnet connection to the specified target host.
The target data must exist in a configuration file. The connection may be associated with either Name and/or the returned Handle. To allocate a name for the target, use ct:require/2 in a test case, or use a require statement in the suite info function (suite/0), or in a test case info function. If you want the connection to be associated with Handle only (in case you need to open multiple connections to a host for example), simply use Key, the configuration variable name, to specify the target. Note that a connection that has no associated target name can only be closed with the handle value.
TargetMod is a module which exports the functions connect(Ip,Port,KeepAlive,Extra) and get_prompt_regexp() for the given TargetType (e.g. unix_telnet).
See also: ct:require/2.
close(Connection) -> ok | {error, Reason}
 - Connection = connection() (see module ct_telnet)
 - Reason = term()
Close the telnet connection and stop the process managing it.
A connection may be associated with a target name and/or a handle. If Connection has no associated target name, it may only be closed with the handle value (see the open/4 function).
cmd(Connection, Cmd) -> {ok, Data} | {error, Reason}
Equivalent to cmd(Connection, Cmd, []).
cmd(Connection, Cmd, Opts) -> {ok, Data} | {error, Reason}
 - Connection = connection() (see module ct_telnet)
 - Cmd = string()
 - Opts = [Opt]
 - Opt = {timeout, timeout()} | {newline, boolean()}
 - Data = [string()]
 - Reason = term()
Send a command via telnet and wait for prompt.
This function will by default add a newline to the end of the given command. If this is not desired, the option {newline,false} can be used. This is necessary, for example, when sending telnet command sequences (prefixed with the Interprete As Command, IAC, character).
The option timeout specifies how long the client shall wait for prompt. If the time expires, the function returns {error,timeout}. See the module description for information about the default value for the command timeout.
cmdf(Connection, CmdFormat, Args) -> {ok, Data} | {error, Reason}
cmdf(Connection, CmdFormat, Args, Opts) -> {ok, Data} | {error, Reason}
 - Connection = connection() (see module ct_telnet)
 - CmdFormat = string()
 - Args = list(


bio-0.5: A bioinformatics library
This implements a number of filters used in the Titanium pipeline, based on published documentation.
Discarding filters
type DiscardFilter = ReadBlock -> BoolSource
DiscardFilters determine whether a read is to be retained or discarded
discard_empty :: DiscardFilterSource
This filter discards empty sequences.
discard_key :: String -> DiscardFilterSource
Discard sequences that don't have the given key tag (typically TCAG) at the start of the read.
discard_dots :: Double -> DiscardFilterSource
 1. The dots filter discards sequences where the last positive flow is before flow 84, and flows with >5% dots (i.e. three successive noise values) before the last postitive flow. The percentage can be given as a parameter.
discard_mixed :: DiscardFilterSource
 1. The mixed filter discards sequences with more than 70% positive flows. Also, discard with 30% noise, 20% middle (0.45..0.75) or <30% positive.
discard_length :: Int -> DiscardFilterSource
Discard a read if the number of untrimmed flows is less than n (n=186 for Titanium)
Trimming filters
type TrimFilter = ReadBlock -> ReadBlockSource
TrimFilters modify the read, typically trimming it for quality
trim_sigint :: TrimFilterSource
 1. Signal intensity trim - trim back until <3% borderline flows (0.5..0.7). Then trim borderline values or dots from the end (use a window).
trim_primer :: String -> TrimFilterSource
 1. Primer filter This looks for the B-adaptor at the end of the read. The 454 implementation isn't very effective at finding mutated adaptors.
trim_qual20 :: Int -> TrimFilterSource
 1. Quality score trimming trims using a 10-base window until a Q20 average is found.
Utility functions
dlength :: [a] -> DoubleSource
List length as a double (eliminates many instances of fromIntegral)
avg :: Integral a => [a] -> DoubleSource
Calculate average of a list
clipFlows :: ReadBlock -> Int -> ReadBlockSource
Translate a number of flows to position in sequence, and update clipping data accordingly
clipSeq :: ReadBlock -> Int -> ReadBlockSource
Update clip_qual_right if more severe than previous value


text:
The definition of chew means to use teeth to bite, cut through and grind into smaller pieces, or is slang meaning to reprimand someone.(verb)
See chew in Webster's New World College Dictionary
Origin: ME chewen < OE ceowan, to bite, chew < IE base *gjeu-, to chew > Pers ǰavidan, Ger kauen
See chew in American Heritage Dictionary 4
verb chewed, chew·ing, chews verb, transitive
Origin: Middle English cheuen
Origin:, from Old English cēowan.
Learn more about chew

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
In-situ investigation of discolouration processes between historic oil paint pigments
- Publication Type:
- Journal Article
- Microchimica Acta, 2006, 155 (1-2), pp. 319 - 322
- Issue Date:
Discolouring interactions between paint pigments have been observed since the mid 19th century. The source of some of these discolourations is the production of copper sulfides from an interaction between cadmium sulfide pigments and copper containing pigments. In this work, the discolouring interaction between cadmium yellow and malachite pigments was observed dynamically using the environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM).
Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Discuss the essential elements of a
These differences have led to the grouping of these essential elements into three categories primary (macro) nutrients, secondary nutrients, and micronutrients. Home writing help elements of a successful research paper it's also important for the writer / researcher to pay attention to the essential components of a. Discuss what people or groups of people resource requirements is essential for good all of the elements of the research proposal. Discuss briefly the essential features of and your dissertation will utilise the skills you have what are the essential elements to a good. View notes - essential elements of a valid contract from b law 101 at avanthi degree & pg college define contract discuss the essential elements of a valid contract. Discuss the essential elements of psychological empowerment b 1: discuss north america as a major marketplace and business center in the world economy. Essential elements of partnership the agreement to share losses is not an essential element however, in the event of losses, unless until agreed otherwise. Plant nutrition is the study of the chemical please help improve it or discuss these issues silicon is not considered an essential element for plant.
The elements of a crime refer to the facts that must be established in order to prove criminal liability this lesson discusses the four common. Ans: section 2(h) of the indian contract act, 1872 defines a contract as an agreement enforceable by law section 2(e) defines agreement as "everypromise and every. State and its elements 1 introduction to politics lecturer: mukhtar abdalla nor ( raakici ) 2 the fourth essential element of the state is sovereignty. Six essential elements of communication 6 essential elements 1verbal messages 2 nonverbal messages 3 perception 4 channel 5 feedback 6 context. Essential elements of a valid contract - free download as word doc (doc), pdf file (pdf), text file (txt) or read online for free. A contract is usually an agreement between two or more parties the condition is that it should contain the elements of a valid legal agreement.
As our knowledge of the chemistry of living systems (biochemistry) increases, we learn more about essential elements mammals like ourselves are thought to use only. A sender, a receiver, a channel, encoding and feedback are essential elements of the communication process effective communication is essential to business success. Anyone can give a speech not everyone can give an effective speech to give an effective speech there are 6 elements you should consider. Elements of an essay the following are some terms for the elements of this process that you may use essential plot information.
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The essential mineral elements are: nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, boron, chlorine, iron, manganese, zinc, copper, molybdenum, and. Features one of the essential elements of an advertising campaign is the features of the product or service the features are what the product offers that the. Essential elements of a valid contract an agreement must have the following essential elements to become a valid contract: offer and acceptance the first step in. Elements of a business plan discuss the present the organizational structure of the company is an essential element within a business plan because it.
Discuss the essential elements of a
Seven elements of highly effective security policies with cybercrime on the rise, protecting your corporate information and assets is vital your bible should be a.
Jim deloach discuses key element of the risk management process including sourcing, measuring, evaluating, mitigating we discuss the process element below. Learn about the elements of music—including rhythm, melody knowing the generally accepted elements can help you understand the essential components of music. What are the essential elements of effective planning within an organization by brian hill related articles differences between strategic & business plans. Get an answer for 'what are the 4 essential elements of a contract' and find homework help for other law and politics questions at enotes. There are 15 essential elements that plants must have in order to grow properly 18 essential nutrients nutrient elements obtained we will discuss major factors.


text:
Sea water increases peanut yield
MetadataShow full item record
Did you know that you can increase the yield of your peanut by irrigating your plants with sea water? That's what a lady farmer scientist from Ubay, Bohol had discovered in her own experiment. The farmer scientist is Cirila Cuyacot, a participant in the Farmer Scientist Training Program (FSTP) that was launched in 1994 by Dr. Romulo Davide, a professor emeritus at UP Los Baños. Under the program, ordinary farmers are taught the scientific ways of growing crops by experts from UP Los Baños and other agencies who conduct lectures and hands-on practice. They are called farmer-scientists and they are also encouraged to do their own experiments in their own farms.
Sarian, Z. B. (2015, January 8). Sea water increases peanut yield. Manila Bulletin, p. B7.
Sea water; Irrigation; Agriculture; Scientific personnel; Lectures; Experimental research; Protocols; Economics; Marketing; Research; Training; Farmer Scientist Training Program (FSTP); Philippine Coconut Authority (PCA); University of the Philippines Los Baños; Cuyacot, Cirila; Tangge, Ricardo; Davide, Romulo; Laguna, Boyet
- Manila Bulletin

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


Honors Program
Frequently Asked Questions
How do I apply to the Honors Program?
Students are typically selected into the program as part of the admissions process. Selection is based on high school curriculum, rigor and GPA. The Office of Admissions will notify students of selection into the program. First-year students may be selected into the program over winter break based on their academic performance during their first semester.
I was accepted to Emmanuel College, but I'm not sure if I was accepted to the Honors Program. How can I find out?
You can contact the Office of Admissions at _PHONE_ or _EMAIL_.
What are the benefits of the program?
The Honors Program offers you an exceptional educational experience. You will enjoy small, interactive classes with outstanding professors who are passionate about teaching talented students and value the close interactions they have with honors students. You will become a member of a community of highly-motivated students who wish to excel in reading and writing-intensive classes.
Honors classes fulfill general requirements and appear with the prefix HONOR on your transcript. Honors students have free access to engaging co-curricular events, such as theatre performances, the Boston Symphony and a trip to the United Nations in New York.
Other benefits include the opportunity to receive funding for travel, research and creative activities. You will also have the opportunity to work with professors on research projects and as instructional assistants. You will be able to take on leadership roles through peer mentoring and organizing co-curricular events.
Do honors students receive an additional scholarship?
Honors students do not receive an additional scholarship. The program offers a Research and Creative Activities Award for research and creative endeavors. Honors students compete for this award. Honors students have also been awarded prestigious scholarships and fellowships such as the Fulbright Fellowship.
Does the Honors Program have any special housing arrangements?
There are no special housing arrangements for honors students. Honors students become part of an active intellectual community by taking honors courses and participating in co-curricular events.
I am a transfer student. Can I apply to the Honors Program?
As a high-achieving student, you can apply by June 1 after your freshman year at Emmanuel with permission from your academic advisor and the Honors Program director.
I am a current student at Emmanuel. Can I take honors courses?
Yes, if you're a high-achieving student and there is space left in the honors class you're interested in. However, students currently in the program have priority access to honors courses. If you're a current student at Emmanuel and are interested in taking an honors class, please contact the program director, Dr. Katrin Križ at _EMAIL_ for further information.
Does tuition increase if I become part of the Honors Program?
No, tuition remains the same regardless of your participation in the program.
How many students are there in the program?
There are approximately 70 students in the program.
When do students typically start the program?
Students typically enter the program in their first or second semester at Emmanuel.
What are the program requirements?
To successfully complete the program, you are required to take five honors courses, one "Honors Experience" and achieve Distinction in the Field in your senior year. The Honors Experience can include a study abroad experience or the opportunity to work as a research assistant or as an instructional assistant with a professor. You are required to maintain a GPA of 3.3 to stay in the program.
Do I need to take any additional classes as an Honors student?
You do not need to take any additional classes, because all honors classes fulfill a General Academic Requirement. Your academic advisor and the Honors Program director will help you integrate your honors classes into your four-year academic plan.


text:
Nevada Division of Water Resources to measure well water levels this March
CARSON CITY, Nev. – This March, the Nevada Division of Water Resources (NDWR) will be measuring groundwater levels in irrigation and stock water wells throughout various regions across the State.
The data collection is part of an annual effort to assess and monitor hydrologic conditions throughout Nevada. While some of these are newer wells, others have been measured each year for over 30 years, providing extensive data on long-term changes in groundwater levels. The measurements collected through annual "well runs" provide critical information that helps NDWR analyze trends and manage the health of Nevada's water basins.
To view water level measurements, please visit water.nv.gov:
The Nevada Division of Water Resources conserves, protects, manages and enhances the state's water resources for Nevada's citizens through the appropriation and reallocation of the public waters. Water Resources is a division within the Nevada Department of Conservation of Natural Resources.


text:
Clifton Wood born September 4, 1861, in Saline County, Missouri, came to Kansas in the fall of 1886, and homesteaded on land one mile north of the present Comanche-Kiowa County line, eight miles northwest of Wilmore, Kansas. A dugout was built on the (4 quarter corner) where he and his two brothers, Lisha Wood, Jasper Wood, Isac Bailey and Abe Hoffslot lived the first winter. This was the first year of the big blizzard of 1886, and many unusual and interesting stories were told of their hardships.
The requirements for improving on school land at this time, one must build a house and live in it for six months, this would entitle a person to have 160 acres with a period of 20 years to pay.
After meeting his reqiurements for homesteading, Clifton Wood returned to his home in Missouri. The next year, December 28, 1887, he married Anna Mae McDaniel (born May 13, 1866). While living there 3 sons were born. Harold Boyd Wood, born July 4, 1891; Ernest Clifton Wood, born March 11, 1893; John Prowell Wood, born February 16, 1895.
In October 1898, Clifton brought his wife and three boys to his Kiowa County homestead. They came by covered wagon and lived in a tent the first year. With no shelter for the horses they were tied each night to the wagon wheels. They endured great hardships this first winter. Before the winter was over, Clifton became quite ill and was thought for awhile he would not live. With severe weather they were forced to move to the school house to finish the winter.
The next spring a four room, two-story house was moved from near Greensburg (by team and wagon) to the homestead for their first home. Their barn and granary were made with poles for uprights and hay for a roof. The boys learned to help their father break sod and farm.
August 4, 1900, Samuel Basil Wood was born. After much hard work and progress by the year 1910, Clifton and Anna Mae were able to build their first big barn. The lumber for this building was purchased for the price of $35 per 1000 sq. ft. In 1912 they built a two-story, six room house. (This house was moved and is now the home of Molly Dillinger on the old Willis Ray farm).
During these years most of their social interests were with people in Wilmore and Coldwater communities. They helped organize the First Christian Church in Wilmore and were charter members. Their first meetings were held in a schoolhouse located in the north part of Wilmore. Clifton and Anna Mae also had an active part in building the new Christian Church, which was built with cement blocks made by Henry Baldwin.
In the fall of 1926 Clifton and Anna Mae retired from farming and moved to Wilmore where they lived for a period of seven years. They again returned to the farm where they lived until the early 1940's. At this time they purchased the Sam Fausset property (now the Harold Bragg home) and moved back to Wilmore. They lived at this residence until their death. Anna Mae died in March 1943, and Clifton Wood died in March (sic) 1945. They are buried in the Wilmore Cemetery.
By Gladys Wood
-- Comanche County History, page 765, published by the Comanche County Historical Society, Coldwater, Kansas, 1981.
The Western Star, February 9, 1945.
OBITUARY OF CLIFTON WOOD, PIONEER OF WILMORE
Clifton Wood, son of Mr. and Mrs. Elisha Wood, was born at Marshall, Mo., September 4, 1861, and passed away January 29, 1945, at his home in Wilmore, age 83 years, 4 months and 25 days.
He was united in marriage with Anna May McDaniel December 28, 1887. To this union were born five children, four sons and one daughter, the latter dying in infancy. His wife preceded him in death March 14, 1943.
Mr. Wood moved to Kiowa county, Kansas in 1885, where he homesteaded and lived on the old homestead north of Wilmore 37 years. The rest of his life was spent in Wilmore.
He joined the Christian church while a young man in Missouri. he had an abiding faith in his Lord and loved the church to which he was loyal until his death. Mr. Wood was a good neighbor, a kind and loving husband and father and an upright citizen. He was held in high esteem by all who knew him.
He leaves to mourn his passing four sons; Harold of Wichita, Kans., Ernest and Basil of Wilmore and Powell of Sheridan, Wyo., and two sisters; Mrs. Minnie Wilson, Sweetwater, Texas, and Mrs. Susan Gibson, Clebourne, Tex. Also surviving are 18 grandchildren, six great grandchildren, other relatives and a host of friends.
Ernest Clifton "Ert" Wood, son of Clifton and Anna Wood.
Robert Edwin Wood, son of Samuel Basil & Gladys Wood, grandson of Clifton and Anna Wood.
Report of the Wilmore Church of Christ, August 23, 1953.
Dedication of the Wilmore Christian Church, March 15, 1913
Sitting with the Dead - "The last that I can remember for sure was that Mom sat with Clifton Wood's body in 1945" - Wendel Ferrin.
Thanks to Bobbi (Hackney) Huck for providing the above history and to Shirley Brier for finding, transcribing and contributing the above obituary to this web site!
This RootsWeb website is being created by Jerry Ferrin with the able assistance of many Contributors. Your comments, suggestions and contributions of historical information and photographs to this site are welcome. Please sign the Guest Book. This page was last updated 05 July 2008.
The following RootsWeb Visitors Counter began counting on 5 July 2008.


text:
Advanced Structural Analysis/Part I - Theory/Failure Modes/Fatigue/Crack Initiation/The Wöhler Curve
The Wöhler curve, also referred to as the S-N curve, describes the function or. It is based on empirical results and often represents the median of the data scatter.
A significant interval of the curve can be approximated by the Basquin relation
Where is a constant specific to the test case.
The Basquin relation is often presented in the form
- is the so called detail category number.
Detail Category Number
The fatigue detail number defines the Basquin relation and specifies a Wöhler curve. The property is often denoted FAT, C, or in mathematical expressions:.
If there are more than one FAT tied to a geometry-type, they refer to different specifics such as weld quality, loading direction etc. Moreover, the FAT normally corresponds to a fatigue life of cycles.


1. History of the Canonical Gem Host for Ruby Gems
 The default repository for downloading gems using RubyGems was originally This was likely because the RubyGems project was hosted only from RubyForge. This meant that when you ran 'gem install rails', your RubyGems installation was configured to download the gem from ''. In August of 2008 Github started gaining popularity amongst the Ruby community after it started providing it's own gem server via This resulted in many Ruby developers configuring RubyGems to use the Github server as a secondary source of gems.
 In August of 2009 a new gem hosting repository came onto the scene known as GemCutter, aiming to resolve issues caused by how Github and RubyForge were handling hosting of gems. In September they decided to move the service to In October of Github discontinued building and serving gems from, and became the official default host for Ruby gems.
 2. Using Serialize Option with ActiveRecord Objects
 Documentation seems to be more available on how to build forms with check boxes or a multiple select field for ActiveRecord objects that have a has_many or has_many_and_belongs_to association with other ActiveRecord objects. This article shows you how provide a multiple select form based on a custom defined array, with the selected options stored in a single attribute of your ActiveRecord object.
 Lets say you are working on a form for a blog post that needs a multi-select field of statically defined adjectives, with the one or many adjectives saved to one field for the post.
 3. Save the Tests, Don't Throw Them Away
 So it's been several weeks since I started using test driven development. I'm using FactoryGirl instead of fixtures, because I've heard that fixtures are limiting. I'd rather just write Factories from the beginning. I'm also using standard Test::Unit based unit and functional tests. Haven't touched on integration testing yet.
 As I've gone along and written these tests, I've learned how to do things effectively and am carving out my own style.
 For instance you could either test for a link with the content 'Edit' on the page, or you could add an ID or class to the link and test for the presence of that link with that class. I found that I'd rather do both just to ensure that the button is or is not present in a certain circumstance.
 4. Factory Girl Associations and Records Persisting Across Tests
 I just recently started to adopt test driven development practices. The project I'm working on needs to get done soon, and I didn't want to get held up learning Rspec. After much consulting with other developers at the company I work for, I had decided to use basic Test::Unit tests with FactoryGirl factories instead of fixtures, and adopt Shoulda if a scenario arises where the options it provides (contexts) are needed.
 So far things have been running well, and I'm starting to understand just how important testing is. You don't have to write tests for every single thing you do, but if you implement some sort of feature that you seriously don't want to break at some point in the future, setup a test for it. Once you setup a test for one type of feature, you can re-use the code later for similar testing. So don't worry about how long it takes the first time around, it will pay off later when that function isn't broken because you caught it. I didn't realize it, but errors you didn't expect it to directly catch, like the dreaded "undefined method 'foo' for nil:NilClass" exception, also popup periodically and alert you that you broke something, even though your test wasn't built to catch those. This is nice because you might change something in a model, and then all of a sudden something in a view is broken.
 5. Generating Test File Stubs for Existing Models, Views, and Controllers
 # Configure generators values. Many other options are available,
 # be sure to check the documentation.
 config.generators do |g|
 g.stylesheets false
 g.test_framework :rspec
 g.fallbacks[:rspec] = :test_unit
 g.fixture_replacement :factory_girl
 6. Rails 3 and Subclasses Method
 I was just trying to create coding that reflectively loads the subclasses of a class I've defined. The idea is that as new subclasses are added, the script I'm writing can detect which ones are present and inform a remote API that support for a specific API feature is available.
 I had executed the method once on the class, and it did return the name of the subclass that I had defined and checked for the existence of in the Rails console environment. Then I added other subclasses, reloaded (reload!), and ran the method once again. This time I got nothing but an empty array returned. It turns out that Rails 3 uses autoloading for classes…so the subclasses have to be referenced at some point, and thus loaded into memory, before the subclasses method will include them in the list.
 7. Locate and Updatedb with Homebrew
 UPDATE: I ran into errors and decided to not use the findutils provided by Homebrew. I simply setup the following alias in.bash_profile and this did the trick. This is using the built in locate database provided with Mac OS X Snow Leopard.
 alias updatedb='sudo /usr/libexec/locate.updatedb'
 I used to use MacPorts to ensure that my command line environment on my Mac was almost exclusively using MacPort provided binaries, not the built in binaries and libraries that are packaged with Mac OS X.
 8. Foreign Key References when Generating Model
 I forget the proper syntax for a model generation command that includes a reference to another models id (foreign key).
 Here is an example you can use to remember:
 rails g model Post user:references title:string body:text
 Since the 'user' model already exists, Rails knows that this should be the user_id field that it generates. I guess it's not a big deal, you could just do 'user_id:integer', but what fun is that?
 9. Edit Devise User without Password
 I recently setup a custom controller to edit/update my Admin accounts, which are authenticated using Plataformatec's Devise gem.
 I found an article in the Devise Wiki that mentions using some sort of 'update_without_password' method to update the model without requiring the password. In this case I'm not requiring the user to provide their own password to edit their info. I'm allowing them to do it straight out.
 The solution that I found was to simply remove the 'password' and 'password_confirmation' from the parameter set if both are blank.
 # remove password parameters if blank
 if params[:admin]['password'].blank? && params[:admin]['confirmation'].blank?
 10. Factory Girl Not Generating Factories with Scaffold
 I just started a new Rails 3.2 project, and to ensure that the proper test files are generated using Shoulda or Factory_Girl, I've installed those gems and configured the application to generate the test files using these gems.
 Added to config/application.rb:
 # Configure generators values.
 config.generators do |g|
 g.stylesheets false
 g.test_framework :shoulda
 g.fallbacks[:shoulda] = :test_unit
 g.fixture_replacement :factory_girl
 Each time I would try to create a new scaffold, it would use shoulda to generate the test unit file, but would generate a YAML fixture.


text:
In the late 1880s, the body of a 16-year-old girl was pulled from the Seine. She was apparently a suicide, as her body showed no marks of violence, but her beauty and her enigmatic smile led a Paris pathologist to order a plaster death mask of her face.
In the romantic atmosphere of fin de siècle Europe the girl's face became an ideal of feminine beauty. The protagonist of Rainer Maria Rilke's 1910 novel The Notebooks of Malte Laurids Brigge writes, "The mouleur, whose shop I pass every day, has hung two plaster masks beside his door. [One is] the face of the young drowned woman, which they took a cast of in the morgue, because it was beautiful, because it smiled, because it smiled so deceptively, as if it knew."
Ironically, in 1958 the anonymous girl's features were used to model the first-aid mannequin Rescue Annie, on which thousands of students have practiced CPR. Though the girl's identity remains a mystery, her face, it's said, has become "the most kissed face of all time."


text:
23 Jun Conducting Clinical Studies in Romania and Bulgaria
Conducting clinical Studies in Romania and Bulgaria
Why Romania and Bulgaria?
Population (potential patient pool)
According to Eurostat there are 20,1 million inhabitants in Romania and 7.28 million inhabitants in Bulgaria, Taken together, 5.3% of total EU population, Romania being ranked the 7th largest country within the EU in terms of number of inhabitants
Both Romania and Bulgaria have adopted and fully implemented the EU Clinical Trials Directives. It takes 2 months to obtain regulatory and EC approval in these two countries, the regulatory environment being one of the principal reasons behind the important figures of completed and active studies in both countries in 2015 (figure1).
There is an abundance of high quality investigational sites in Romania and Bulgaria because of the high number of teaching hospitals, university clinics and postgraduate medical schools. There are 17 medical university schools in Romania and 5 medical schools in Bulgaria, while the number of university clinics stands at 39 units in Romania and 15 in Bulgaria, with similar infrastructure and diagnostic capabilities compared to western standards. More practitioners are employed by teaching hospitals and university clinics compared to Western Europe. GCP guidelines are fully implemented, and GCP training of the investigators is compulsorily required by the regulatory authorities. The overall quality of work delivered by investigational sites is very high and comparable to Western Europe and the US.
High recruitment rate:
Recruitment performance is consistently high throughout the region and this is maintained by many factors:
- A large heterogeneous patient population
- A wide availability of naive patients
- Shortage of available therapy
- The insufficient availability of preventive medicine
- Patient willingness to participate in clinical trials sponsored by Western companies
- Availability of multi-specialty medical institutions with highly educated medical personnel. Investigators are motivated to take part in clinical trials and perform well, as they largely acknowledge that co-operating with Western companies in scientific research is a sign of academic distinction, merit, and prestige,
Logistics and communication:
Our synergic operations covering Romania and Bulgaria facilitates your access to highly specialised & fully trained ICH-GCP investigators that have a vast experience in running clinical trials.The site staff (English-speaking investigators in a dense network of healthcare facilities) makes a great deal of efforts to ensure the studies are run according to the protocol and in line with local and international regulations. The guidance provided by CRO's and sponsors is largely accepted and there is a refreshing willingness to learn and improve practice.
Both the monitoring and investigator fees of a clinical trial in Romania and Bulgaria are significantly lower than those in Western Europe (Figure 2).
The monitoring costs are probably 50 – 70 % higher in Western Europe, while the investigator & hospital fees levels have remained relatively lower compared to Western demands. Moreover, additional accountable costs, such as travel, accommodation and postage are also considerably lower.


text:
These boots are made for walking...
Among the items held at the Memorial that were issued to air crew serving in Europe, are two pairs of very interesting 1943 Pattern escape boots. The boots were designed so that an airman downed in Europe could remove a small concealed knife and cut off the top section of the boot to reveal a civilian looking shoe.
The 1943 Pattern escape boot was designed in response to reports received from returned airmen who had baled out over occupied Europe and managed to make their way back to England. The men reported that when on the run from the Germans, their flying boots had a number of problems. The most significant were that they were highly conspicuous when trying to blend in with the local population and that they became heavy and waterlogged if the boots got wet. A prototype escape boot was designed by Clayton Hutton in around 1941 (The boots were one of the pieces of escape and evasion equipment designed by Hutton featured in a February 1942 publication 'Per Ardua Libertas', published for the benefit of visiting American intelligence officers). Hutton worked at MI9 designing escape aids for issue to service personnel, or to be smuggled into prisoner of war camps. Some airmen undertaking missions over Europe in 1942 were issued the prototype boots. The boots were successful and went into production.
Some versions of the 1943 Pattern boot contained gigli saws hidden in the shoe laces. Gigli saws are used by surgeons to cut through bone. They are made from special steel wire, are very pliable and could be hidden inside the laces. Once removed from the lace and held at the right tension, the gigli saw could cut through very hard substances. The boots also had magnetised metal shoe lace ends that could be used as bar compasses. The 1943 Pattern escape boots held by the Memorial have the metal lace ends that were magnetised (they have since lost their magnetic qualities), but I wanted to know if the boots had gigli saws in the laces, as not all the boots issued did. I did not want to damage the laces, so used a voltage/metal stud detector to test if there was steel wire hidden in the laces. The stud detector responded to the metal lace ends, however there was no response in the rest of the laces, indicating there were no steel saws hidden inside. I have to admit it was a little disappointing not to discover a saw! Below is a photograph of the inside of the right boot, showing the wool lining used to help keep airmen warm at high altitudes. The rectangular patch is a small pocket where the knife was hidden. Unfortunately the boots did not come to the Memorial with their knives. In other versions of this boot, the knives were held in the heel. In some boots even more items, such as maps or money, could be hidden in a secret compartment in the heel. A basic inspection of the heels in the Memorial's boots indicated they do not have secret compartments.
One of the original concepts for the boot was that the detachable wool lined sued section of each boot could be joined together to create a 'warm winter waistcoat'. One Australian airman who evaded capture and made it back to England in 1944 who used these pieces under his hip and shoulder when sleeping rough, to help keep his body raised off the ground to help keep him warm. During the day he wrapped them around his chest under his jumper, using the zippers and straps to hold them in place.
Before the introduction of the 1943 Pattern boot, airmen wore a variety of boot designs. The 1936 Pattern boot is shown below. It was replaced by the 1939 Pattern (not pictured), which was similar in style, but had a vulcanised fabric leg. Many airmen must have found the 1936 Pattern boot relatively comfortable as the boots continued to be worn, long after other pattern boots had been issued. However, neither pattern had enough room to eaisly allow the legs of the flying suit to be tucked into the boots. In addition, the vulcanised rubber of the 1939 Pattern boot did not repel dew from grass along runways. This water could then freeze while flying at high altitudes, so a new pattern was designed.
The new design was the 1940 Pattern boot (below) issued in 1941. These boots were looser and allowed for the flying suit legs to be tucked in, however this led to another problem - they often came off when baling out of planes
To alleviate this problem the 1941 Pattern boot was then issued - essentially the 1940 Pattern boot with the addition of a leather strap that could be tightened around the ankle
(below) to help keep the boots on when baling out.
The 1943 Pattern escape boot was the last boot designed and issued during the war. Despite the advantages of this boot when evading capture in occupied Europe, some airmen found them to be uncomfortable when flying and preferred to wear their older issue boots.
In the 1942 photograph above, the airmen are wearing a variety of boots, (from left to right) 1939 Pattern boots, 1940 Pattern boots, 1936 Pattern boots, and the man on the on the far right appears to be wearing the 1943 Pattern escape boots, you can just make out the strap at the top, the zipper down the inner front and the shoe laces on the civilian style shoe section.
Some relevant publications containing information about flying boots / escape and evasion equipment includes: Official Secret: The remarkable story of escape aids - their invention, production - and the sequel by Clayton Hutton Flying Clothing: The story of its development by Louise Greer and Anthony Harold Per Ardua Libertas by MI9 (1942) MI9: The British secret service that fostered escape and evasion _PHONE_ and its American counterpart by MRD Foot and JM Langley The Royal Air Force 1939-45 by Andrew Cormack, illustrations by Ron Volstad (Osprey Men at Arms series) French Leave by Anthony Matthews (Memoirs of an Australian who evade capture in Europe)


text:
2016 Distinguished Healthcare Diversity Advocate
The Distinguished Healthcare Diversity Advocate award recognizes individuals of color who have made a difference in the diversity and inclusion realm through their research or achievements, and exemplify the ability to excel in the healthcare field.
- Creates or spearheads innovative diversity initiatives that establish and foster a more inclusive and equitable work environment
- Sustains a record of accomplishments or contributions to the healthcare industry throughout the scope of his or her career
- Demonstrates active involvement in community outreach programs
- Retains a commendable reputation with colleagues, superiors, and patients
- Exhibits and demonstrates a commitment to the highest ethical standards and professional excellence
- Demonstrates a consistent pattern of commitment to the recruitment, training, development, and retention of individuals from all populations
Requirements of Award Winners
Send bio and a photo, which needs to be in 300dpi resolution and in jpeg or gif style, to event coordinator.
Call for Nominations
- A call for nominations is sent out through email blast, and social media networks.
- Individuals nominate award winners online or via email.
- A local awards committee is formed, composed of 3-5 people with diverse backgrounds who research potential award winners.
- They seek input from the State Council Board of Directors and council members.
- Award winners are notified by email of their selection by Dennis Kennedy, Founder and CEO of the National Diversity Council.


text:
Media INNOVATION begins with Design Thinking
Successful innovation must be technically feasible and have a viable business plan, but we find that the best results come when we begin with the needs and desires of people.
Chicas Poderosas will gather Brazilian media leaders together for a one-day workshop on DESIGN THINKING with Sina Mossayeb, a member of the board of directors Chicas Poderosas and senior designer at IDEO San Francisco, CA USA and Mariana Santos, co-director and founder of Chicas Poderosas Inc.
Our goal is to bring a diverse group of people together to collaboratively create ideas and innovative on how to stimulate and advance the Brazilian media ecosystem.
Human Centered Design PROCESS
- We observe the inspiration. We learn by observing real-world situations, not just by asking. We begin with empathy.
- We use our inspiration to visualize the possibilities. Balancing vision with actionable results is the key to success.
IMPLEMENTATION AND ITERATION
- We evaluate possibilities through prototyping. We accomplish results by building and telling stories.
- Building on Design's fluency of thought to promote a more innovative and customer-centric approach to news and media in Brazil.
- As the landscape changes and news and media companies seek innovative, up-to-date strategies to remain relevant, it is clear that they must develop new ways of working to advance change so that the customer experience is the center of everything.
TO DO TOGETHER
- We set out to deliver a collaborative workshop for participants from the news and media community in Brazil to actively participate in design thinking.
- The focus of the program will be to equip participants with the tools, experience, and approximate plans to begin exploring how to implement design thinking practices within their organization to be more innovative and customer-centric.
- Develop a common language for innovation and a way of talking about being customer-centric.
- Put users at the center of design innovation in news and media
- Detailed principles on strengths and areas of improvement in news and media, focused on actions to build an innovative competitive culture
- New proposals, opportunities statements, low fidelity ideas and prototypes related to the challenges of the news and media industry
- Integrate human-centered design into daily work and seed capabilities within your organization
This is a one-day workshop, facilitated by our team of design thinking experts, with the goal of presenting and applying human-centered design to navigate advances in media innovation in Brazil.
Registration can be found here
Date: Tuesday, August 22, 2017
Time: 9:00 AM – 8:00 PM CEST
Location: Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Fee: $100 USD


text:
Once the retreat is completed, attendees will be excited to regroup with others from the retreat to share their new found information, formation and experience.
The support of a parish community is essential in developing one's spiritual gifts. Meeting in small groups provides an opportunity to change the culture of silence surrounding spiritual gifts. Small groups allow for an understanding of how each is a part of a community of believers called to evangelize in unique ways/
It allows individuals to share the experience of using their spiritual gifts, to be affirmed in their spiritual gifts and to be encouraged in new ways of using their spiritual giftedness in all areas of their lives, homes, communities, church life, everywhere.
The Joyfully Gifted Discernment Journal (downloadable HERE) is based on the Gospel of Mark and includes:
Four weeks of personal reflection questions
Six days of reflection to do at home and the seventh day to bring in to share in the small group.
Small Group Session Format:
- Use the prayer at the beginning of each week to start the session
- Go to the My Identity, My Calling page for the week
- Read the scripture or quote at the top of the page
- Allow a few moments for silent reflection
- Read each question and encourage each in the group to share their faith and their experience


Take the 2-minute tour ×
If $X$ is a scheme, the Hilbert scheme of points $X^{[n]}$ parameterizes zero dimensional subschemes of $X$ of degree $n$.
Why do we care about it?
Of course, there are lots of "in subject" reasons, which I summarize by saying that $X^{[n]}$ is maybe the simplest modern moduli space, and as such is an extremely fertile testing ground for ideas in moduli theory. But it is not clear that this would be very convincing to someone who was not already interested in $X^{[n]}$.
The question I am really asking is:
Why would someone who does not study moduli care about $X^{[n]}$?
The main reason I ask is for the sake of having some relevant motivation sections in talks. But an answer to the following version of the question would be extremely valuable as well:
What can someone who knows a lot something* about $X^{[n]}$ contribute to other areas of algebraic geometry, or mathematics more generally, or even other subjects?
*reworded in light of the answer of Nakajima
share|improve this question
11 Answers 11
up vote 29 down vote accepted
What can someone who knows a lot about $X^{[n]}$ contribute to other areas of algebraic geometry, or mathematics more generally, or even other subjects?
I know a little about $X^{[n]}$. And I have no contribution to mathematics nor other areas of algebraic geometry. But I find study of Hilbert schemes is very interesting. Isn't it enough to motivate to study Hilbert schemes?
share|improve this answer
If I am asked this question by a politician, I will answer differently. – Hiraku Nakajima Sep 29 '10 at 12:43
-1 mark for excessive modesty – Richard Thomas Oct 20 '10 at 13:38
One of the reasons is the following. If $X$ is a smooth curve the symmetric product $X^{(n)}$ is smooth. If $X$ is a smooth surface, $X^{(n)}$ is singular, but it is a theorem of Fogarty that $X^{[n]}$ is smooth. So it is a (rather natural) resolution of singularities of $X^{(n)}$.
If moreover $X$ is a symplectic surface (i.e. either a $K3$ or an abelian surface), $X^{[n]}$ has a symplectic form. As Beauville showed, in the $K3$ case it is even an irreducible symplectic variety; in the abelian case a certain subvariety $K_{n-1}(X) \subset X^{[n]}$ is irreducible symplectic.
There are really few known examples of irreducible symplectic varieties in higher dimension: up to deformation, I have listed them all, except for two sporadic examples constructed by O'Grady! This shows that the Hilbert schemes $X^{[n]}$ are indeed very relevant to people who study holomorphic symplectic geometry.
share|improve this answer
Andrea- I assume you mean irreducible projective symplectic varieties? There are loads of quasi-projective ones that don't fit in your class. – Ben Webster Sep 29 '10 at 3:03
_USER_: thank you for pointing out; of course I am talking about complete examples. – Andrea Ferretti Sep 30 '10 at 19:40
Mark Haiman used Hilbert schemes of surfacesto prove the Macdonald positivity conjecture about Macdonald polynomials: see Hilbert schemes, polygraphs, and the Macdonald positivity conjecture
share|improve this answer
The connection between the geometry of the Hilbert scheme of points on $\mathbb{C}^d$ and the combinatorics of $d$-dimensional partitions (piles of $d$-dimensional boxes in the corner of an $d$-dimensional room) may resonate with some audiences. In dimension 3 especially, geometric knowledge has led to beautiful combinatorial results about 3 dimensional box counting (I have in mind Young arXiv:0802.3948 and Okounkov-Reshetikhin-Vafa hep-th/_PHONE_).
The connection that Allen mentions with quivers is nice, and to counter to his dimension 2 bias, I think the quiver story is arguably even better in dimension 3. The Hilbert scheme of points on $\mathbb{C}^3$ (or $\mathbb{C}^3/G$) is given by representations of a quiver with super-potential. Unlike the surface case, the relations on the quiver are given by the critical locus of a single function --- a phenomenon special to dimension 3.
share|improve this answer
I believe everyone so far has said "Hilbert schemes of points on surfaces" are worth studying. Personally, I take this as a sign that Hilbert schemes of points (on general $X$) are not that interesting, and that it's merely a historical accident that these glittering jewels were first found within the many tons of worthless Hilbert scheme ore.
In particular, note that the Hilbert scheme of $n$ points in the plane (or on other $\widetilde{{\mathbb C}^2/\Gamma}$, for $\Gamma \leq SU(2)$) can be alternately seen as a Grojnowski-Nakajima quiver variety, and these are smooth holomorphic symplectic manifolds in general.
share|improve this answer
Have you heard of any type of process that gives you the Hilbert scheme of points if you input a surface but gives you something better behaved than the Hilbert scheme of points if you plug in something higher-dimensional? – Peter Samuelson Sep 29 '10 at 5:07
Hilbert schemes of points in the plane come up in representation theory. More specifically in the representation theory of rational Cherednik algebras.
Rational Cherednik algebras, and more generally symplectic reflection algebras have a close connection with symplectic resolutions, algebraic combinatorics, integrable systems and more and are thus very interesting.
See for example: This paper
and This paper
share|improve this answer
Slogan: the Hilbert scheme of $n$ points on the minimal resolution of an ADE singularity (associated to a finite subgroup $G \subseteq SL_2(\mathbb{C})$) is to the symplectic reflection algebra of type $G^n \rtimes S_n$ as the flag variety $G/B$ is to the universal enveloping algebra of $\mathrm{Lie}(G)$. So far this is not completely understood. – Sheikraisinrollbank Sep 28 '10 at 9:43
er... typo. Of course I meant, cotangent bundle to $G/B$. – Sheikraisinrollbank Sep 29 '10 at 13:42
One can use Hilbert schemes of points on a surface $S$ to detect sigularities of embedded curves $C \subset S$. For instance let $\xi \in S^{[3]}$ be a "fat point", i.e. a subscheme of $S$ isomorphic to $Spec(\mathbb{C}[x,y]/(x^2,xy,y^2))$, then $C$ contains $\xi$ if and only if $C$ has a singularity at $supp(\xi)=\{ p \}$.
In a recent preprint Thomas, Kool and Shende (_URL_ use this method to proof Goettsche's conjecture about counting singular members of linear systems on surfaces. The basic idea is to write the counting problem as an intersection product of class on $S \times S^{[n]}$ and use results of Ellingsrud-Goettsche-Lehn (building on work of Nakajima) which describe the intersection theory on $S^{[n]}$.
REMARK: I just got aware of the fact, that V. Schende who coauthored the above paper is actually asking the question. So he probably knows about this application.
share|improve this answer
+1 for the remark :-) – Kevin H. Lin Oct 19 '10 at 6:47
Someone answered, when asked by braids and braid groups were important, answered that they are important because they are histories of permutations and permutations are important (or something along that line; I'd love a precise quotation!)
The Hilbert scheme is, in a way, the collection of all possible states in those histories (and all the possible ways you can mess up when permuting points...)
share|improve this answer
I would really love any more precise information about these ideas... – Vivek Shende Sep 27 '10 at 17:48
See the work of Nakajima and Grojnowski, where for a fixed algebraic surface $X,$ the points of the Hilbert schemes $X^{[n]}$ for all $n$ are interpreted as instantons on $X.$ – Victor Protsak Sep 28 '10 at 3:28
As a student I once asked John Mather for advice about dealing with spaces of ordered $n


Oxygen Tank Duration Calculator
Picture of an oxygen tank used by respiratory therapists
If you don't have access to the calculator above simply use the following formula to calculate the minutes remaining in your oxygen tank:
Here's what you will need:
 1. Tank size & conversion factor for that tank
 2. PSIG (amount of pressure remaining in the tank)
 3. Flow rate (LPM)
Formula: Minutes remaining = PSIG * Tank conversion factor/Flow rate
Tank SizeConversion factor
E0.28
D0.16
H3.14
M1.56

About Damon Wiseley 9 Articles
Lead writer at Respiratory Cram RRT-CPFT B.H.S.c. Nova Southeastern University


text:
My honey, in buckets, is crystalizing sooner than in years past. I thought maybe it wasn't heated as much as in the past during the extracting process. Now I am wondering about the conditions underwhich the honey was produced by the bees. Droughty conditions.
Theory: Honey produced under drought conditions will crystalize sooner after extraction than honey produced under normal climate conditions.
I didn't check moisture content during or after extracting, not having a refractometer. So I don't know if the honey is low moisture content or not. Amongst other factors, I wonder if low moisture content honey naturally crystalizes sooner than higher moisture content honey. What role does moisture content play? And does drought factor into making low moisture honey?


text:
Why did Britain Win the Battle of Britain?
Britain won the Battle of Britain because Britain for several reasons on Britain's part, and also to German errors. They won because of Britain's superior technology, leadership and tactics.
The main reason for Britain's victory was that Britain had invested in the Radar in the 1930's. This would prove to be a huge benefactor in the victory, because the detection of incoming German aircraft would allow Britain to estimate the direction and number of Luftwaffe bombers, so that RAF planes would not be caught on the ground and destroyed before they could be put in action. Also, communications systems, radar systems and airfields couldn't be put out of action easily, because Radar would be able to detect the incoming aircraft, and the RAF could send fighters to defend these areas.


text:
The thematic field is dedicated to the conception, development and prototypical implementation of IT-based, everyday assisting applications for home and mobile use.
In the context of demographic change, ifak researches and develops concepts and IT-based solutions for maintaining independence at home into old age.
The ifak develops intelligent assistance systems to support people with impaired mobility in order to maintain their independence even outside of their home into old age.
The thematic field focuses on the design of systems for a secure and intuitive knowledge management of diverse personal, vital and operational data. In order to ensure a consistent exchange of data between all actors involved, the interoperability and standardization of applications, data models and data structures are considered. The activities focus on ease of use, data security and data protection.


text:
Learn how to say Erector correctly in English with this tutorial pronunciation video.
Oxford dictionary definition of the word erector:
a person or thing that erects something.
a muscle which maintains an erect state of a part of the body or an erect posture of the body:
a spinal erector
(Erector) North American trademark a construction toy consisting of components for making model buildings and vehicles:
an Erector set


k3r*DNA_protein")
addMAreactRate(exmp3, "v5", "assigned", "k4*mRNA")
addMAreactRate(exmp3, "v6", "assigned", "k5*protein")
# Add species
addSpecies(exmp3, "DNA", 50)
addSpecies(exmp3, "mRNA", 0)
addSpecies(exmp3, "protein", 0)
addSpecies(exmp3, "DNA_protein", 0)
# Add parameters
addParameters(exmp3, "k1", 0.2)
addParameters(exmp3, "k2", 20)
addParameters(exmp3, "k3", 0.2)
addParameters(exmp3, "k3r", 1)
addParameters(exmp3, "k4", 1.5)
addParameters(exmp3, "k5", 1)
# Make a model
makeModel(exmp3)
#printInfo(exmp3)
# Run model simulation and plot the results
simResults <-simulateModel(exmp3) plotResults(simResults, title="Gene regulation")
Figure 2b shows the simulation results. To see more details about the model, one can use the printInfo command:
> printInfo(exmp3)
[1] "Model name: Gene Regulation"
[1] "Number of reactions: 6"
[1] "Reaction type(s): Mass Action"
[1] "Number of species: 4"
[1] "Model can be represented in form of 4 differential equation(s)"
To see the mathematical representation of the model, one can print it directly from the model object (after the makeModel command was executed):
> exmp3$model
[1] "d_DNA <- -v3*DNA*protein + v4*DNA_protein" [2] "d_DNA_protein <- v3*DNA*protein - v4*DNA_protein" [3] "d_mRNA <- v1*DNA - v5*mRNA" [4] "d_protein <- v2*mRNA - v3*DNA*protein + v4*DNA_protein - v6*protein"
To run a stochastic simulation on the created model, we will use solveStoch function. Figure 2c shows the results of stochastic simulation.
simResults.stoch <- solveStoch(exmp3,10) plotResults(simResults.stoch, title="Gene regulation (stochastic simulation)")
Gene regulation simulation
Figure 2: Gene regulation
More model examples and details about package functions can be found at sysBio github wiki page, as well as in the package vignette and help files.
At the end, a few words about future plans. The priority will be given to cleaning the current code and finishing testing. After that, I'll work on adding new features. Features that I plan to add are additional rules to transform reaction into a differential equation (probably Michaelis-Menten rule and Hill equation), ability to process reactions in the form of cascade, events, additional types of reaction rates, additional types of rules, steady state calculation, sensitivity analysis, and parameter estimation. I also plan to include an option for different ODEs solver and I may need to look for or implement my own version of stochastic simulation that would support events and different types of rules. If I get really motivated and have extra time, I may also add an option for multiple compartments within a model and/or provide some type of visualization (probably using Shiny).
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Geothermal Energy in Mexico: new plant in Puebla with 50 MW
Mexico ranks third worldwide in geothermal energy generation with 959 megawatts, just behind the United States and the Philippines. In Mexico there are geothermal power plants in Baja California, Coahuila, Puebla, Michoacan and Jalisco.
This year will open the geothermal energy plant Los Sumeros in the state of Puebla, which is a project that has been working for the past year the federation and the state.
In this regard the Secretary Federal Energy (Sener), Jordi Herrera Flores, said that one of the renewable energy resources in Mexico is geothermal energy, and the state of Puebla has the conditions necessary to exploit this resource to generate renewable energy.
Los Sumeros geothermal energy plant will be achieved up to 50 megawatts of power, which is a normal scale in this type of technology, so the state will seek to support more resources to complete the power plant as soon as possible.
It should be noted that geothermal energy is provided by the heat of the earth and is generated through a variety of factors, which, according to federal officials, Puebla has the necessary conditions for obtaining the resource.
By José Santamarta,


Environment variables
When creating browser checks, you probably run some code locally, store it in a Git repo or copy and paste it around a bit. This means the credentials in the script are at risk of being exposed. You should therefore replace any confidential data in your browser check scripts with environment variables.
Managing variables
For browser checks, you can create environment variables at three hierarchical levels:
 - Check level
 - Group level
 - Global level
Check variables are added on the Variables tab for each browser check.
add local variables
Group variables are added on the Variables tab in a group. The variables stored here are accessible only in the group context.
add group variables
Global variables are added on the Variables tab. The variables stored here are globally accessible throughout Checkly, hence the "Global environment variables" title.
add global variables
Whenever possible, store variables at the global level. This DRY's up your code.
Any data you "lock" is encrypted at rest and in flight on our back end and is only decrypted when needed. Locked environment variables can only be accessed by team members with Read & Write access or above.
Keep in mind, though, that Read Only team members will still have access to information on the check results page. If you want to avoid team members with Read Only access from viewing environment variables, avoid logging secrets during your check.
Accessing variables
Both check, group and global environment variables are accessible in your code using the standard Node.js process.env.MY_VAR notation. For example, the code snippet below show how you can log into GitHub. We have more examples of login scenarios on this page.
import { test } from '@playwright/test'
test('Github login', async ({ page }) => {
 await page.goto('_URL_
 await page.getByLabel('Username or email address').type(process.env.GITHUB_USER)
 await page.getByLabel('Password').type(process.env.GITHUB_PWD)
 await page.getByRole('button', { name: 'Sign in' })
})
const { test } = require('@playwright/test')
test('Github login', async ({ page }) => {
 await page.goto('_URL_
 await page.getByLabel('Username or email address').type(process.env.GITHUB_USER)
 await page.getByLabel('Password').type(process.env.GITHUB_PWD)
 await page.getByRole('button', { name: 'Sign in' })
})
You can access the current data center location using the implicit process.env.REGION variable. This resolve to the AWS region name, i.e. 'us-east-1'
Variable hierarchy
As browser checks are scheduled, Checkly merges the check, group and global environment variables into one data set and exposes them to the runtime environment. During merging, any check variable with the same name as a global or group variable overrides that variable.
Or in another words:
check variables trump group variables trump global variables.
You can make use of this by providing a default value for a specific variable at the global or group level, but allow that variable to be overridden at the check level.
General built-in runtime variables
The Browser Check runtime also exposes a set of environment variables (e.g. process.env.CHECK_NAME) to figure out what check, check type etc. you are running.
property description type
CHECK_NAME The name of the check being executed. String
CHECK_ID The UUID of the check being executed. String
CHECK_TYPE The type of the check being executed, (BROWSER) String
CHECK_RESULT_ID The UUID of the result where the run result will be saved. String
You can contribute to this documentation by editing this page on Github


text: In the 1910s, Billings promoted itself as the capital of the "Midland Empire." That economic domain covered thirty thousand square miles and boasted hundreds of communities that relied on Billings for supplies. No wonder Helena-based distributor George L. Tracy Co. expanded into the Billings market, constructing this two-story warehouse in 1919. The building was designed for optimal efficiency. A rear loading dock bordered the tracks, and the building's raised concrete foundation placed the structure on the same level as the railroad cars to ease unloading. Its side loading dock—part of a one-story addition constructed in 1923—was built to accommodate trucks, which played an increasingly important role in the distribution of goods. The front façade boasts decorative dentils and seven brick pilasters trimmed at the caps with sandstone darts. These pilasters likely cover structural columns of steel or concrete, masking twentieth-century technology with traditional masonry detailing. The Ryan Fruit Company leased the addition after 1925. A ghost sign on the building's south wall still promotes a second fruit wholesaler that occupied the building in the 1940s.


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Key Methods for Identifying Hospital Staff
healthcare workers
In hospitals and other healthcare organisations, it's vital that patients are able to identify members of staff. It's also necessary for staff members to be able to identify each other and their roles. Different methods can be used to identify staff so that the people who need to know who they are can easily recognize them. Employees can use lots of visual cues that tell people about their role, their name, and which hospital they work for. These are some of the ways you can make sure your staff members are easily recognizable to anyone who needs to know who they are.
Uniforms are a great way to identify the staff in a hospital and to distinguish between people working in different roles. They are essential in hospitals for hygiene purposes, but they also serve an important purpose when it comes to making employees recognizable and trustworthy. Different uniforms help your staff to see who works in what role, and this can also be useful for patients, especially those who are staying long-term. Using different colors, patterns, and designs for different roles is helpful. You might also have logos or extra information printed or embroidered onto uniforms to provide further help.
Name Badges
It's not just roles that are important for patients and staff members to know. People should also be able to identify employees at a hospital by name. Name badges are an easy way to do this, putting names and roles in a visible place. Name badges should be easy to clean so that they can be wiped clean regularly. They might not always be appropriate to wear, but it depends on the environment and the duties of the person. Although name badges can be a quick way to identify someone, they shouldn't replace employees introducing themselves.
Official ID for Security
Security is another reason staff members may need to identify themselves. They will need to show identification when they enter the hospital and will likely need to use it to access certain areas of the hospital. When you provide ID for hospital staff, you also need to offer solutions for carrying and displaying it. A lanyard can make it easy for a member of staff to have their ID visible at all times. Some people might prefer to pin or clip their IDs to their clothing instead, especially if they don't want to have something hanging around their neck.
Identifying Information
It can also be useful to provide information that helps patients to identify staff members. This could include providing materials that tell them how to identify people in different roles. You can provide them with a guide to what doctors, nurses, and other members of staff wear. It's also helpful to explain what different roles mean. It's not very useful for a patient to know which uniform a phlebotomist wears if they don't know what a phlebotomist does.
Help your patients to identify hospital staff and your employees to identify each other by providing visual cues and useful information.
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Chronic Pain: How To Regain Control Over Your Life Naturally
Chronic pain is estimated to affect over 50 million Americans and is becoming an even more popular condition. Due to our lifestyles, posture, exercise level, and diet, an increasing number of people have started to suffer from chronic pain. In some cases, pain can be minimal and only represent a minor inconvenience. However, in some other cases, chronic pain can take over your life and be so overwhelming that it might prevent you from enjoying even the easiest daily tasks. Depending on the cause behind it, chronic pain can develop from mild to severe. Therefore, while there is no definitive cure, chronic pain needs to be addressed. Here are five non-invasive ways to find chronic pain relief naturally.
Understand the Underlying Causes
Firstly, it is crucial to understand what are the causes behind your chronic pain. You might have been the victim of an accident, or you might have reported injuries that haven't healed. Alternatively, an inactive lifestyle and bad posture can also lead to lower back, sciatica, and leg pain.
In some cases, some chronic diseases such as cancer and arthritis might be the cause behind the pain. Before trying to find a solution for your pain, it is crucial to understand what is the underlying cause. This will help you avoid unnecessary painkillers and move towards a longer-lasting solution.
Use Meditation and Breathing Techniques
One of the main factors that can worsen your chronic pain is stress. Indeed, stress causes damage to cells and leads to increased free radicals. In turn, these can worsen inflammation and prevent your body from healing.
Breathing techniques and meditation are mindfulness practices that allow you to focus on your breath, repeat a mantra, or focus your attention inward. This can allow you to avoid additional stress and reduce inflammation.
Aim To Move Your Body Regularly
Regular exercise is essential to allow your body to release endorphins – the happiness hormone! These compounds are the ones responsible for the famous "runner's high" and act as mood regulators. In turn, this can reduce stress levels and allow you to feel more balanced. Exercise is also essential to help you get rid of any extra weight you might be carrying. By doing so, you can lighten up your body, which takes pressure away from your muscles, joints, and bones. And of course, it can help you reduce the risk of conditions such as heart disease.
Consider a Plant-Based Lifestyle
Studies have proven that whole grain, plant-based lifestyle can reduce fatigue and chronic pain. Indeed, fruits and vegetables are famously filled with the antioxidants your body needs to reduce inflammation and the damaging effects of free radicals. Speaking to your nutritionist allows you to get started in the right way.
Try Medical Marijuana
Medical marijuana has been seen to help with certain kinds of chronic pain. If you are affected by severe chronic pain which is impacting your life, or you have an underlying condition such as arthritis or cancer, you might be able to obtain a medical marijuana card. You can learn all about Harvest House of Cannabis and how to apply for a medical card here.
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Unconventional Ways to Boost Your Health
With health tips and diets around every corner, it can be hard to know what the best course is going to be for your body. Between fad diets and finding the best workout gear, it can be overwhelming. Finding the specific rhythm to support what your body needs is going to be a lifelong journey, but there are things that you can do to get off to a good start.
Establish a Baseline
In order to know what specific health goals you need to have, you first need to establish a baseline. It is important to start with the basics and make sure that you are making generally healthy choices before you can start getting more specific.
Even though each person is different and will require different health goals, there are some things that are in common across all bodies. You need to be getting enough sleep. Not getting enough sleep can mess with your health in surprising ways. You also need to be drinking enough water each day. Most people are not drinking enough water. Being dehydrated can cause you to overeat and to be fatigued during the day. You may be surprised to see how just changing your sleep and water intake patterns can give you an extra boost.
You should also make healthy eating choices and try to get some exercise. If you are just starting on your wellness journey, then you should take small steps. If you try to take on too much at once, you will likely not be able to sustain the change.
You can start by adding more vegetables to your meals instead of trying to change what you eat. Even if you continue to eat like normal, but add in more vegetables, you will eventually be able to change your diet more drastically. You can also try switching to only drinking water instead of any other kind of beverage with your meals. This will also help with your water intake.
For exercise, you don't have to go running, even though that is probably what pops into your head first. You can start by just doing stretches before bed or going for a walk during your lunch break. Start where you are and then build on that.
Talk to Your Doctor
You should make sure that you go to your regular checkups with your doctor. If you have concerns about specific health issues, then discuss them with your doctor. If you are looking for advice in general, you can ask what their biggest concerns are and where your focus should be for improvements. They have insights into your health that can help you on your path to wellness.
Environment Changes
There may be changes you need to make to your environment in order to be functioning at one hundred percent. You should have your home tested for toxins and hazardous gases to make sure that you are not breathing in anything that may be harmful to you. You may also want to be asking questions like, What is the Safe Distance From Wifi Router? Or, does my electrical wiring need to be updated. Making these changes can improve your health if there is something happening that shouldn't be happening. You may be surprised to find out how your health can change when these silent issues get resolved.
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How To Stay Positive During the Extended Lockdown
The most recent months have been overwhelming for countless individuals, with millions worldwide dealing with stress, grief, job losses, financial challenges, and the need to isolate all due to the coronavirus pandemic. As in the UK and US, there's a potential lockdown in several countries due to the recent surge in covid-19 cases. This may heighten your anxiety levels surrounding the pandemic. How do you cope? With limited access to your loved ones and outdoor places, you should consider these five ways to


text:
- Iran Nameh
- Oral History
- Women's Center
- About Us
Reflections on Contemporary Literature in Afghanistan
Three external sources have informed the Contemporary literature of Afghanistan. The first has been the Russian and later Soviet literature and cultural, particularly 19th century literature represented by the likes of Tolstoy, Pushkin, Gorky, and Chekov. Next to French literary figures, the classic Russian writers had the deepest have had the deepest influence on Afghanistan's novelists. Furthermore, the post-revolutionary Russian writers also have had considerable impact on the style of the left leaning and Marxist Afghan literary figures. The influence of Iranian literature on Afghan poets and storywriters can not be underestimated. In particular, the Iranian writers and novelists with leftist tendencies or who were sympathetic to the Tudeh party, such as Abolqasem Lahouti, Ahmad Shamlu, Farokhi Yazdi, had considerable influence on Afghanistan's leftist literary figures. Finally, the impact of European literature, specially French and German writers, on contemporary Afghan literary figures began from the second decade of the twentieth century. The American literary influence, however, is of recent origin.
Short stories, novels, plays and prose poetry were all western literary genres adopted by Afghan writers and poems. With the spread of European literature in Afghanistan, either directly from Europe or through translated works from Iran, traditional Afghan literature, particularly poetry, gradually gave way to modern versions. A new wave of modern Afghan writers and poets blazed, at times fearlessly, new literary trails. The gate to modernity was further widened with the increase in the number of Afghan students in both western and communist countries. A gradual rush to translate modern literary works also contributed to the growing familiarity of Afghan writers and poets with various components of modernity in western literature.


Families close ranks to support Morningside School and staff
PORT ST. LUCIE - At Morningside Elementary, parents consider themselves part of a family.
To most people outside the school family, however, it's the place where a 5-year-old autistic boy was voted out of his kindergarten class a year ago.
Within hours after news of Alex Barton being voted out of his classroom 14-to-2, the school's phones and e-mail system were jammed with angry people from all over the world. The school's Web site was taken down and still is offline.
Morningside parents couldn't get through in some instances. Some teachers got threatening e-mails.
Parent Shanna Cetin said she answered the phones in the office after news broke about the incident.
"I was in tears. My child had to sit in that school, and I was scared," Cetin said.
Parents said their school has been unfairly and unjustly tarnished over the past year.
They're tired of their children hearing comments when they tell strangers where they attend school.
"We love our school. We love our teachers," Cetin said.
What makes the school great is the teachers who know all the children, not just the ones in their classes, parents said.
It's the teachers who call parents during lunch on the first day of school just to tell them their child is having a good day.
It's the fall festivals, where teachers man tables to raise money for classroom supplies, and the Saturdays when teachers volunteer to help children prepare for the Florida Comprehensive Assessment Test or chaperone a St. Augustine trip.
About 20 parents stood alongside the road earlier this month holding signs to support their teachers.
"We just want to say some nice, positive things about Morningside," said parent Patti Putko. "The school has had too much negativity. We want to end the school year on a positive note."
The demonstration was during teacher appreciation week. Teachers watched from the school campus until the end of the workday, then walked across the street to stand with the parents.
They had a group hug in the middle of the road and teacher Eric Graff thanked the parents for coming out.
Morningside faculty and administrators still aren't allowed to talk about the Alex Barton vote because of pending legal action.
But during teacher Wendy Portillo's administrative hearing in March over her suspension for polling the class, staff members told a judge how the case affected their school.
"We've taken a hit, a lot of us personally and professionally," Graff testified. "But we're still going. We're still a very good school."
Assistant Principal Patricia Gascoigne also testified about the impact the vote and its attention has had on the school.
"It's not really been good because we've been a little put off, you would say, because it's not a customary thing that happens at Morningside," she testified. "It's more or less we're trying to get through it."
Parents said teachers try not to let their feelings affect their students.
"Under the circumstances, I think the kids are faring pretty well," said grandparent Wayne Schopp.
There is one positive result of the vote from a year ago, said parent Tonia Oravec.
"It has brought the school closer together," she said.


Information about Arkansas and Areacodes (501-336)
Why Booneville and Bentonville are various names for the city, you will wonder. Because each city has its own roads, even though they are called the Arkansas state paths, That's. The streets in the region of the state are numbered and named after Clinton, and the counties of Arkansas, namely Jackson, Jones, Boone, Searcy. These counties are also the individuals who gave birth to the country routes which are still used by the nation. The roads in Bentonville and Booneville are numbered and named after the towns as well. By way of instance, the street number one of Bentonville is numbered 62.
The other two major cities in Arkansas are Bentonville and Booneville. While Booneville was founded on January 7, 1788 bentonville was actually based on July 6, 1784. They are found in the area of the state, where the soil is mostly sandy. The region's soil is one of the major factors that made the town inhabitants so significant. Following the discovery of gold, the inhabitants of the city rose even more.
The region of Arkansas offers quite a diverse and rich assortment of wildlife. There are several animal species that may be found all over the place, but a few are rarer than others. By way of instance, the bear, which can be easily spotted from the regions of the country, is very rare in the northern area. However, it doesn't mean that are important. They're just less often seen, though it has been known to happen. The river otter, for instance, is found in the areas. It's not unusual to observe these mammals.
Caller Information for 501-336-#### Phone Numbers
The +1 501 336 #### place code numbers are situated at Conway, Arkansas. This serviced is offered by Southwestern Bell for Landline telephone numbers. Retrieve caller data such as 501336####, we supply a full reverse phone number report for (501) 336 #### numbers in Arkansas. Reverse Phone Number detailed data for 1-501-336-#### phone numbers!


text:
Four reasons why watering your arena is one of the best tools available for maintaining a good riding surface.
1. Water provides stability and cushion
Think about walking barefoot on the beach by the water's edge. You'll find the sand is stable, yet still has some give to the pressure of your foot. Now think about walking up higher on the beach, where the sand is deep and dry. You will find yourself trudging through, with the surface always giving beneath you. What's the difference? Well my friends, it's all about the water.
There is a lot of molecular science we could go into about why water has this affect with sand. However, all you really need to know is that an intermolecular attraction is formed between water molecules that holds sand together that creates stabilization.
When it comes to maintaining your arena surface, water is king. But what can be more important is finding the right amount of water to use on your arena. Just like Goldie Locks and the three bears, it has to be just right. Sand with too much water will be thick and slippery, sand with not enough water will be loose and dusty, and sand with just the right amount of water will be stable yet giving. A good way to tell if you have the right amount of water on your arena is to take a handful of footing and ball it up in your hand and drop it. If the ball gives way on the landing, but mostly stays together then you have the right amount of water.
2. Water will bind sand and textile together for optimum equine biomechanics
Just in the same way water will help hold sand together, it is also crucial in keeping a synthetic additive bound with the sand. But for a moment, let's go back to the beach. You're out enjoying your day wading in the waves, you then come in to do some sun bathing and you see that now because your feet and legs are wet, all the sand is sticking to you. Whereas before when you were dry, sand just fell right off.
In this same way water is going to bind your textile additive to the sand that you chose for your arena. Without it, the fibers and sand will separate, creating a clumpy, loose and potentially slippery surface. Water binds sand and fiber together creating a rooting system in your surface. The biomechanics of this are similar to a proper grass surface. A correctly designed and hydrated grass surface will provide the right amount of toe dip, grip, cushion and rebound.
3. Controls dust and other nasty airborne particles
For anyone that has maintained an arena, watering to keep down dust is a no brainer. But what about other airborne particulates? Organic matter, bacteria, fungi and viruses can all be wafting in the air with that dust. Watering is the best way to keep contaminants out of your horse's lungs and yours as well.
4. Where water-less footings fall short
There are some products on the market that are described as water-less footings. What that means is the sand has a wax or polymer coating. Where water is the same consistency from 33 degrees to 211 degrees, waxes, polymers or oils can change in consistency from hot to cold. Synthetic coated sands may seem like a good idea, but if you live in an area with drastically changing temperatures throughout the year, you may find your surface to be sticky and gooey in the summer, and clumpy and hard in the winter. A good example is to go back to the beach and make a sand castle with ocean water then try and make one with candle wax. You will immediately see how quickly the particles will change depending on the temperature.
There are some products on the market that are designed to aid in water absorption but are not a water alternative. We offer two products like this, HydroKeep and SlowDust. While they are both designed to reduce watering, they do not eliminate it. HydroKeep has crystals that absorb water and retain it. Over time as the soil dries, the crystal contracts, gradually releasing water and hydrating the surrounding area.
SlowDust simply charges the neutrally charged dust particles floating in your arena to a negative state (flocculation). Once charged the dust will be pulled down and no longer be suspended in the air. Moisture will be retained to an optimal state and can reduce the need to water an arena by minimum of 50 percent.
Magnesium Chloride has also become a popular product for indoor arenas, as it takes moisture out of the air to hydrate the arena and prevents freezing. Mag Chloride can be difficult for outdoor applications, as it can be degraded by a single rainstorm. Magnesium Chloride can be found online and at local home improvement stores. In particularly dry climates, indoor areas treated with Magnesium Chloride can be lightly misted with a hose or sprinkler to help create moisture in the air for the Magnesium Chloride to absorb.
Water – it's the best of everything
While water is a precious and sometimes costly resource, there really is no better solution for maintaining a quality arena surface. Between keeping down dust, and contributing to a more stable surface, water can be one of your greatest allies in maintaining and preserving your arena.
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