text:
Il Widna, Malta
The only sound mirror outside England – unless anyone knows better – is on the Mediterranean island of Malta. It is known locally as "il widna", Maltese for "the ear".
The design is the same as the 200 foot mirror at Denge, although the Maltese mirror appears to be in better condition. It retains its painted camouflage pattern, which blends into the colours of the landscape quite effectively.
The site is now used as an earth station for telecommunications company GO (formerly Maltacom), so there is no access to the mirror, though visitors can get quite close and peer through the barbed wire fence.
The construction of early warning sound mirrors was proposed in the early 1930s to help protect the key imperial locations of Gibraltar, Malta and Singapore. Four sites were identified in Gibraltar, but there were concerns about interfere produced by noises from the local population, the wind and the sea. A system of five to eight mirrors was suggested for Singapore, but it was thought that there would be problems with noises from local animal and insect life.
The surveys undertaken in Malta during 1933 were more productive, and five suitable sites were identified around the coast. The ideal site should be sheltered from noise behind and to the sides of the mirror, and 'under no circumstances should the mirror have a view if the breaking sea', said Dr Tucker, who undertook extensive research into sound-based direction finding.
The five proposed sites were given letters
- Ta Karach
- Ta Zura
- Tal Merhla
Priority was given to A and B, which were either side of Valletta and would help to protect the Grand Harbour. The first mirror was to be at Maghtab, on a site a mile or so inland with hills behind. It faces out to sea at a bearing or 20 degrees, towards Sicily around 60 miles away.
Construction was underway in the autumn of 1934, with the work completed during the summer of 1935. The design is a direct copy of the 200 foot mirror at Denge, near Dungeness in Kent. Minor differences include small projecting buttresses at the foot of the mirror face, which were found to harm its performance.
The electrical equipment was installed in the first weeks of September 1935, and testing was undertaken on 23 September. Training of the operating staff began the next day. The total cost of the development of the first mirror on Malta was put at £4500.
Trials using a Supermarine Scapa flying boat found that the range of the mirror was 21 to 37 miles, with an average of 25 miles, and a bearing error of ±2½ degrees. In contrast, the range of the unaided human ear was put at 5 miles. It was estimated that the mirror would provide a six minute warning of an enemy aircraft approaching Malta at 250 mph.
Unfortunately not all the test were successful, perhaps one of the more embarrassing failures being on 5 February 1936 during a visit by Sir Cyril John Deverell, Chief of the Imperial General Staff. No further mirrors were built on Malta, and the Maghtab mirror was reported to be out of use by 5 May 1937.
In May 2008 I had the chance to make a brief visit visit to Malta, so took the opportunity to track down the mirror.
View Larger Map
From Valletta bus station I caught bus number 55 to the terminus at Gharghur, which takes about 35 minutes. As I got off a little old lady came over to ask me where I was going, as she was slightly concerned that I might be lost. I mentioned the "widna", and she knew straight away what it was, and kindly took me to see it. A local chap mending a car also knew the way, and I'd suggest the best way of finding the mirror is simply to ask someone (widna is pronounced as it would be English).
A few minutes walk from the town centre, we turned down a small road along the side of a ravine, through the Victoria Lines, and from the brow of the hill had a view across the fields below, with the earth station in the middle (and a humongous landfill site in the distance).
The white satellite dish makes the mirror pretty easy to spot, though binoculars are helpful for a good view. The track runs down to the bottom of the hill, passing a small cave containing a shrine. From the bottom of the hill I found my way to the mirror by trial and error.
Unfortunately my trip them went horribly wrong, when I thought I was on a different main road to the one I was actually on, and I had a long walk along a busy road until I found a bus stop at Salina Bay. A better move would have been to return to Ghargur, or head across to the coastal road and catch a bus to Sliema from there.
Malta has pretty obvious merits as a holiday destination, and absolutely bristles with things of interest to history enthusiasts, and especially fortification anoraks. I can thoroughly recommend the guided tours of the steam-operated gun at Fort Rinella, which somehow managed to entertain a group of women who were simply ticking off the attractions, a chap with technical questions about the control system, and me wanting to know about sound mirrors.
Links and more information
- Photo on the Naxxar local council website.
- Early warning system from the WWII times, Maghtab.
- Maltacom's Earth station at Maghtab.
- Aerial view.
- Evidence of Malta's Role in WWII, Maghtab Sound Mirror.
- Maghtab sound mirror, Malta by Paul Wells of the Pillbox Study Group.
- SPTT Wied id-Dis Walk 14th October 2007, Ramblers Association of Malta.
- The book Echoes from the Sky by Richard N Scarth devotes two chapters to Malta and the Empire and the Mirror at Maghtab. It is now out of print, but is the definitive work on the subject.
- A tour guide at Fort Rinella told me the mirror is mentioned in a book on the Victoria Lines, but unfortunately they'd sold out of copies.


text:
In our recent article, we gave you some tips about how to choose a good hunting flashlight and in this article, we have decided to write more about Colorado Elk hunting in order to help you better plan your trip.
Colorado is a hunting heaven for elk fans because, if you gain some experience and work hard to develop your skills, you will not be able to return home without bringing home a trophy. The fact that hunting sessions are extremely engrossing and that they will spend the entire day traversing through challenging terrain in order to grab their prey while remaining physically active is a big draw for experienced hunters.
It is necessary to examine certain factors prior to embarking on an elk hunting expedition in this area, and we will go over them in depth one by one so that you will understand why they are vital and how to go about addressing them.
Permits in Colorado
Every seasoned hunter understands that in order to go elk hunting, you must first obtain a hunting permission. If you are a novice hunter, you will need to become acquainted with a few concepts before embarking on your hunting expedition.
There is a general hunting licence that you may obtain that allows you to hunt in a few sections of the state, and it is referred to as the 'general season'.
The majority of people prefer to go elk hunting in Colorado because it is the state with the highest concentration of elk. As a result, you will have no trouble obtaining a permit because there are numerous public areas to choose from. However, because the terrain is difficult and there are numerous targets to chase after, you will be out hunting for the majority of the day.
A hunting licence in Colorado costs a little more than 600 US dollars, but if you prefer rigorous hunting sessions, you will definitely get your money's worth out of the experience. You will have to submit your application until the end of February, and you will receive a response by the middle of April. Permits are often distributed by a lottery mechanism.
- Limited permit
The hunting privileges granted by this sort of permit are only valid during specific periods of time and in specific places. When planning your trip, pay close attention to the regions you intend to visit because you will need to factor in the time you will spend on the road getting there.
- Ranching for Wildlife
This permit allows you to go elk hunting on specific ranches that have entered into an agreement with the Colorado Parks and Wildlife Department, but only if you are a resident of Colorado.
- Leftover Draw permit
Provided there are any permits left over after the draw for the limited permits concludes, you may be selected for a Leftover Draw permission, but only if you checked the appropriate box on your initial application for the permit.
- Private Land Only
When applying for this sort of license, you must first verify with the property owner to ensure that you will be allowed to hunt on their property. If the owner does not agree to allow you to hunt on their property, your permit will be rendered ineffective and will be returned to you.
Things you need to consider:
- Your finance limitations
People who have never gone elk hunting before do not realize how much they have to spend on these trips. There are many ways to do it and you can pay someone to get you to a certain place. However, you can also choose the cheaper version of backpack hunting.
Before you plan your trip, you should consider how much you will have to spend on your gear and on transportation and only after that you should consider the other costs according to how much money you have to spend on them. Furthermore, you have to spend money on your permit which is also a really important aspect that you need to take into account.
There are a lot of square miles of public land in Colorado where you can plan your hunting trip, but there are also a lot of private lands where you can hunt in return for a fee and they differ among owners according to the number of elk they have on their property.
- What gear will you need?
This is one of the most important aspects that you have to consider because the environment that you will be hunting in is not the friendliest and, if you are not capable of living with it, you will have to end your trip prematurely. We are going to tell you what the essential items are and why you should consider them.
Your backpack is the key to a successful trip, even if it might feel like there is no connection between it and the actual hunting experience. First of all, you have to carry your essentials in it, but you also have to bring back the elk. So a robust backpack is something that will always be worth your money.
In terms of protecting your body in this harsh environment, you should invest in a good pair of boots. They will help you go far without having your feet full of blisters and will also help you arrive home safely. If you can't walk well, you will not be able to get very far and you will get tired easily, and you definitely want to avoid that.
In terms of clothes, a good practice is to invest in waterproof top layers and in base layers that have the capability of warming you up, but also of cooling you down pretty easily, like merino wool. A good way to approach this is to look for clothes specially made for mountain hikes.
- Your physical strength
It might seem like something that is not very important, but your physical capabilities make a difference when it comes to a successful elk hunt experience. There are more ways to kill elk and some of them involve sitting in a camp. However, if you want to take this experience to another level you will want to go deep into the wilderness.
Therefore, it is very important to be able to handle all the downsides that come with that. You have to be strong enough to carry your backpack which might not seem heavy when you have to carry it for an hour, but when you have to carry it around for 10 miles it can get a little uncomfortable.
Also, the altitude might be a problem if you are not accustomed to low oxygenation levels while engaging in physical activity. So all these aspects have to be taken seriously if you want to come home with the fulfillment that a successful hunting session brings.
What you should consider first is that you will be carrying around a heavy backpack. This is why it is important to work out your back, but especially your core because your abs also help you in carrying heavy weights without engaging your back muscles that much. This will also help you become less tired.
Because the terrain is not even, you can get injured easily, especially if you carry around heavy equipment. So it is important to bulletproof your ankles. Great distances on uneven terrain are hard to manage without strong leg muscles, so these should be a priority as well.
- How much time do you have on your hands?
When you are planning such a trip, it is essential to know how much you have to travel in order to actually arrive at the hunting area and how much time is left for the actual hunting experience.
Colorado has a total surface of 104,094 square miles, which does not make it the largest state in the United States, but it is also not too small either. Therefore, you should consider the time that you have to spend on the road and add it to your actual hunting plan. A good practice is to choose a place close to you in order to have more days available for hunting.
If you are new to elk hunting expeditions, you should be aware that if you follow all of the advice we have provided in this post, you will undoubtedly have a wonderful experience. Hunting can be a very rewarding activity, and returning home from a hunting expedition with nothing to show for it is not a pleasant experience. However, if you follow our recommendations, you will never have to go through this ordeal.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


Loading TOC...
cts.highlight
cts.highlight(
 $node as Node,
 $query as cts.query,
 $callback as function(NodeBuilder, xs.string, text(), cts.query*, xs.integer) as xs.string?,
 $builder as NodeBuilder
) as null
Summary
Returns a copy of the node, replacing any text matching the query with the specified expression. You can use this function to easily highlight any text found in a query. Unlike fn.replace and other string functions that match literal text, cts.highlight matches every term that matches the search, including stemmed matches or matches with different capitalization.
Parameters
$node A node to highlight. The node must be either a document node, element node, object node, or array node; it cannot be a text node.
$query A query specifying the text to highlight. If a string is entered, the string is treated as a cts:word-query of the specified string.
$callback A function to call on each match.
$builder The builder that will be used to construct the highlighted copy.
Usage Notes
The arguments to the callback function provide context for the match.
builder as NodeBuilder
An Node builder that is building the highlighted node copy. Whetever the callback adds to the builder will be added to the final copy.
text as xs:string
The matched text.
node as text()
The node containing the matched text.
queries as cts:query*
The matching queries.
start as xs:integer
The string-length position of the first character of text in node. Therefore, the following always returns true:
fn.substring(node, start,
 fn.stringLength(text)) = text
The return from the callback function is an action that specifies what happens next:
"continue"
(default) Walk the next match. If there are no more matches, return all the builder results .
"skip"
Skip walking any more matches and return all the builder results.
"break"
Stop walking matches and return all the builder results.
null
Continue with the previous action.
You cannot use cts.highlight to highlight results matching cts:similar-query and cts:element-attribute-*-query items. Using cts.highlight with these queries will return the nodes without any highlighting.
You can also use cts.highlight as a general search and replace function. The specified expression will replace any matching text. For example, you could replace the word "hello" with "goodbye" in a query similar to the following:
 cts.highlight(node, "hello",
 function(builder, text, node, queries, start) {
 builder.addText("goodbye");
 });
Unfiltered queries, including registered queries, do not match in cts.walk or cts.highlight.
Example
// To highlight "MarkLogic" with bold in the following paragraph:
var doc = new NodeBuilder();
doc.startElement("p");
doc.addText("MarkLogic Server is an enterprise-class\n\
 database specifically built for content.");
doc.endElement();
var result = new NodeBuilder();
cts.highlight(doc.toNode(), "MarkLogic",
 function(builder,text,node,queries,start) {
 builder.startElement("b");
 builder.addText(text);
 builder.endElement(); }, result);
result.toNode()
=>

MarkLogic Server is an enterprise-class
 database specifically built for content.

Example
// Similar to the above use case but on JSON nodes. Note that
// an array is used to represent the original text with the
// specified object node as a member.
var x = {"p1":
 "MarkLogic Server is an enterprise-class database built for content."};
var result = new NodeBuilder();
cts.highlight(x, "MarkLogic",
 function(builder,text,node,queries,start) {
 builder.addNode( {"highlighted" : text} );
 }, result
);
result.toNode();
=>
 {
 "p1": [
 {
 "highlighted": "MarkLogic"
 },
 " Server is an enterprise-class database built for content."
 ]
 }
Example
// Also on JSON nodes but the query matches the whole node. In this case,
// no array node is created.
var x = { "p1" : "MarkLogic Server"};
var result = new NodeBuilder();
cts.highlight(x, "MarkLogic Server",
 function(builder,text,node,queries,start) {
 builder.addNode( {"highlighted" : text} )
 }, result
);
result.toNode();
Returns:
 {
 "p1": {
 "highlighted": "MarkLogic Server"
 }
 }
Example
// Given the following document with the URI "hellogoodbye.xml":
<root>
 It starts with hello and ends with goodbye.
</root>
******
// The following query will highlight the word "hello" in
// blue, and everything else in red.
var result = new NodeBuilder();
cts.highlight(cts.doc("hellogoodbye.xml"),
 cts.andQuery([cts.wordQuery("hello"),
 cts.wordQuery("goodbye")]),
 function(builder, text, node, queries, start) {
 builder.startElement("font");
 if (cts.wordQueryText(queries) == "hello") {
 builder.addAttribute("color","blue");
 builder.addText(text);
 builder.endElement(); }
 else {
 builder.addAttribute("color","red");
 builder.addText(text);
 builder.endElement(); }
 }, result
);
result.toNode();
=>
<root>
 It starts with hello
 and ends with goodbye.
</root>
Example
var results = [];
for (var x of cts.search("MarkLogic")) {
 var result = new NodeBuilder();
 cts.highlight(x,"MarkLogic",
 function(builder, text, node, queries, start) {
 builder.startElement("b");
 builder.addText(text);
 builder.endElement();
 }, result);
 results.push(result.toNode());
};
results;
returns an array with all of the nodes that contain "MarkLogic",
placing bold markup ( tags) around the matched words.
Comments
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text:
General Lecture by Prof Keshav Dahal at SCU on AI applications to Power Engineering Problems
The speaker first introduced the eACCESS project activities and the AVCN research institute at UWS. The lecture discussed the importance of artificial intelligence (AI) in power systems. and the concept of AI and its potential applications in the power grid. The challenges of planning and scheduling in power systems, and how AI can be used to address these challenges were discussed. The talk concluded with a discussion of the future of AI in power systems, and how it can help to create a more reliable and efficient grid.
Specific points covered in the talk:
Introduction to artificial intelligence (AI)
Applications of AI in power systems
Challenges of planning and scheduling in power systems
How AI can address the challenges of planning and scheduling
The future of AI in power systems
The lecture was attended by about 80 people, they include SCU students, SCU staff, invited people from other universities, industries and some media people. The lecture and post interviews were covered by national and local medias.


text:
New Analysis on Tax Collections vs. Tax Burdens
June 12, 2006
We've posted a new "Fiscal Fact" to the website explaining the difference between Census Bureau state and local tax collections figures, and Tax Foundation tax burdens.
They key difference lies in the treatment of "tax incidence." Census figures measure who is legally required to make tax payments—what economists call the "legal incidence" of a tax—while Tax Foundation tax burdens attempt to measure who actually bears the economic burden, or the "economic incidence," of taxes.
This distinction is an old one, dating back at least to the 19th Century French Physiocrats. Yet it is surprising how often it is ignored in modern tax policy debates.
Was this page helpful to you?
The Tax Foundation works hard to provide insightful tax policy analysis. Our work depends on support from members of the public like you. Would you consider contributing to our work?Contribute to the Tax Foundation
Let us know how we can better serve you!
We work hard to make our analysis as useful as possible. Would you consider telling us more about how we can do better?Give Us Feedback


The Correct spelling is: tight
Common misspellings of the word tight are:
How do you spell tight?. It is not
 - adj., tightÂ·er, tightÂ·est.
 1. Fixed or fastened firmly in place: a tight lid; tight screws; a tight knot.
 2. Stretched or drawn out fully: a tight wire; a tight drumhead.
 1. Leaving little empty space through compression; compact: a tight suitcase; a tight weave.
 2. Affording little spare time; full: a tight schedule.
 4. Closely reasoned or concise: a tight argument; a tight style of writing.
 6. Slang. Personally close; intimate: â€œme and the D.A., who happen to be very tight with one anotherâ€ (Tom Wolfe).
 7. Experiencing a feeling of constriction: a tight feeling in the chest.
 8. Reluctant to spend or give; stingy.
 1. Obtainable with difficulty or only at a high price: tight money.
 2. Affected by scarcity: a tight market.
 9. Difficult to deal with or get out of: a tight spot.
 10. Barely profitable: a tight bargain.
 11. Closely contested; close: a tight match.
 12. Chiefly British. Neat and trim in appearance or arrangement.
 13. Marked by full control over elements or subordinates; firm: tight management; a tight orchestral performance.
 14. Slang. Intoxicated; drunk.
 15. Baseball. Inside.
 adv., tightÂ·er, tightÂ·est.
 1. Firmly; securely.
 2. Soundly: sleep tight.
 3. Snugly or with constriction: My shoes are laced too tight.
 [Middle English, dense, of Scandinavian origin.]
 tightly tight'ly adv.
 tightness tight'ness n.
 SYNONYMS tight, taut, tense. These adjectives mean not slack or loose on account of being pulled or drawn out fully: a tight skirt; taut sails; tense piano strings.
 USAGE NOTE Tight is used as an adverb following verbs that denote a process of closure or constriction, as squeeze, shut, close, tie, and hold. In this use it is subtly distinct from the adverb tightly. Tight denotes the state resulting from the process, whereas tightly denotes the manner of its application. As such, tight is more appropriate when the focus is on a state that endures for some time after the activity has ended. The sentence She closed up the house tight suggests preparation for an impending blizzard. By the same token, it is more natural to say The windows were frozen tight than The windows were frozen tightly, since in this case the tightness of the seal is not likely to be the result of the manner in which the windows were frozen. With a few verbs tight is used idiomatically as an intensive and is the only possible form: sleep tight; sit tight. Tight can be used only following the verb: The house was shut tight (not tight shut).
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Strange and wonderful Irish proverbs such as "For every mile of road there's two miles of ditches" Photo by: WorldIrish
Irish proverbs to live by, 26 nuggets of wisdom (PHOTOS)
1. For every mile of road there are two miles of ditches
Meaning: There are two sides to every story. (This comes from some parts of Ireland, where 'ditches' means hedges.)
2. There's no use boiling your cabbage twice
Meaning: Stop going over and over worries in your head because it solves nothing.
3. The older the fiddle the sweeter the tune
Meaning: Things and people improve over time.
4. A woman planted feathers in the dunkel and thought she'd grow hens
Meaning: Just because you 'thought' something would work doesn't mean you were right.
5. It's often that a man's mouth broke his nose
Meaning: Watch what you say because it could get you in trouble.
6. As the old cock crows the young cock learns
Meaning: Children learn by example.
7. If there was work in the bed he'd sleep on the floor
Meaning: Used to describe people who are very lazy.
8. No need to fear the ill wind when your haystacks are tied down
Meaning: Once you've prepared properly then there's no need to worry the outcome.
9. The longest road out is the shortest road home
Meaning: If you invest time and effort into something then it will pay off in the latter end.
10. You'll arrive back with one arm as long as the other
Meaning: You heading out on a thankless quest. You'll arrive back with nothing to show for it.
11. You'll never plough a field by turning it over in your mind
Meaning: Merely thinking about something won't get it done.
12. He didn't lick it off a stone
Meaning: People's actions are influenced by those around them.
13. I wouldn't call the Queen my aunt
Meaning: Being in such a contented mood that even becoming royalty couldn't improve upon it.
14. What I'm afraid to hear I had better say first myself
Meaning: One must be honest and wary of their own shortcomings.
15. Now you know you're home
Meaning: You're in a happy state.
16. It's a long road there's no turn in
Meaning: No matter how bad the situation is things always change.
17. Telephone, telegraph, tell a woman
Meaning: The three best ways to spread news. Back before the days of the internet.
18. An empty sack does not stand
Meaning: Bluffers and ignorance will always be found out.
19. Even black hens lay white eggs
Meaning: You should never judge a book by its cover.
20. The road to Heaven is well signposted, but it's badly lit at night
Meaning: Life has many challenges but the reward is good.
21. It's as easy to catch a cold in a King's castle as in a shepherd's hut
Meaning: Wealth doesn't protect you from the trials of life.
22. It's better to pay the butcher than the doctor
Meaning: Don't skimp on healthy food as it will cost you your health in the long run.
23. A lamb's bleat is often more telling than a dog's bark
Meaning: Subtlety and a quiet approach can be more beneficial than brute force and loudness.
24. A broken man is better than no man
Meaning: Having any man is better than being alone
25. No matter how many rooms you have in your house you can only sleep in the one bed
Meaning: Possessions are not what they're made out to be.
26. It's a lonely washing that has no man's shirt in it
Meaning:..... Ermm... I haven't a clue??


Paama or Paamese is an Austronesian language spoken by about 7,000 people in Paama island, a part of Malampa Province in Northern Vanuatu, and in others parts of Vanuatu. It is a member of the Oceanic branch of the Malayo-Polynesian languages, and is closely related to Southeastern Ambrym, though the two languages are not mutually intelligible.
Paama alphabet and pronunciation
Paama alphabet and pronunciation
Tower of Babel in Paama
Information about Paama language
Malayo-Polynesian languages
Other languages written with the Latin alphabet
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Are there any estimates for the eigenvalues of the Laplace operator for $\Gamma \backslash SL(2, \mathbb{C})/SU(2)$ known beyond the main term? Here, $\Gamma$ should be congruence subgroup in $SL(2,o)$ for $o$ the ring of integers in an imaginary quadratic field.
I have checked Mathscinet and couldn't find anything except for the main term.
share|improve this question
1 Answer 1
up vote 4 down vote accepted
For general compact manifolds (of dimension $n$), the error term (on the number of eigenvalues less than $T^2$, counted with multiplicity) is $O(T^{n-1})$. So for $\Gamma$ co-compact, the error term is $O(T^2)$.
For merely co-finite $\Gamma$, it should be possible to bound the error term, but I am unaware of any results. In Section 4 of this survey by Müller (by the way, equation 1.3 is Weyl's Law for compact manifolds with the error term, and Section 2 sketches a different approach for compact locally symmetric spaces), he sketches a proof of a strong form of the law (using the Selberg Zeta function) and implies that the argument would work for other rank-one groups.
The book Groups Acting on Hyperbolic Space seems to (using Google Preview) prove the strong form of the law in the co-compact case (Section 5.5), but only seems to prove the weak form in the co-finite case (Section 8.9).
share|improve this answer
... and $T^{n-1}$ is essentially optimal right, perhaps rather $T^{n-1}/log T$? I was aware of all this, but thanks already. – Marc Palm Jul 25 '12 at 16:00
Yeah, $O(T^{n-1})$ is optimal for compact spaces because of spheres, but I think conjecturally tighter bounds exist for certain hyperbolic spaces (and you are correct that for $SL_2(\mathbb Z)\backslash \mathfrak h$, Selberg obtained $O(T/{\rm log}\ T)$, so something better is certainly possible). I think it might be something like GRH (though more tractable), where getting nonvanishing of an $L$-function at the edge of the strip is hard, and making any improvement on that virtually impossible, even though we expect much more. – B R Jul 25 '12 at 17:14
Your Answer


text: Textile workshop "Latin American Arpilleras, textile stories for peace and Human Rights". Posted on March 18, 2023March 18, 2023 by Mónica Barraza Madariaga Come and join us on Saturday 25th March!. Discover the beautiful, deep and emotional art of the Latin American Arpilleras and let your creative ideas loose. During the Latin Arpilleras workshop, you will learn the technique to create a unique work of art. You don't have to be an artist, just be inspired by your dreams, feelings and desires. Above all, we want you to express your imagination and creativity, through needles, fabrics and threads. Together, we will create a collective work of art in which common stories and experiences are shared with harmony and respect. In this way, we want to represent our common space, be it the Wijkcentrum d'Oude Stadt, the neighborhood or even the city of Amsterdam, with its symbols, colours and shapes. To participate in this workshop, it is not necessary to have prior knowledge of sewing or embroidery. The name Arpillera (or burlap) refers to a type of cloth, usually used for wrapping foodstuffs, such as flour or wheat. It was first used as a canva by the great Chilean artist Violeta Parra around 1960. She named the textile work that resulted from her creative, profound and self-taught way of embroidering her dreams, desires and sorrows on them, arpillera. Soon, the technique was enriched by the hands of the "Bordadoras de Isla Negra", a collective of women embroiderers from this coastal town in Chile.In the 70s and 80s, it became an important popular textile tradition cultivated by hundreds of women in Chile as an act of resistance and denunciation during the Pinochet dictatorship. These "embroidered pictures" became a living testimony of the human rights violations during the dictatorship, but also a form of emotional restraint in the face of the tireless struggle for truth and social justice. Nowadays, this technique is used by women and artists across Latin America. Materials needed: 1. Pieces of coloured fabric (ideally, they should not be elastic or too rigid). The idea is to reuse fabrics and textiles that you already have at home. 2. Sewing and/or embroidery thread and needles 3. Wool. 4. (If you have) Nylon panties and synthetic cotton. We invite you to bring a biscuit to share during the workshop.Free entrance, limited places. Registration in: _URL_ Workshop guided mainly in Dutch.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


what people believed in the 1500s? Not even we do; and sure there have been wildmen depicted.
 1. how do u know u r 1/8 troll, what does that mean,
 4. Oh I believe it, I've printed photos of Troll's skulls before on this blog and remarked that some families have a tradition of interbreeding with trolls. We also have historical records of what people believed in the 1500s, and with comparable beliefs all over europe. You are seklling Bigfoots short: there is more than one sort of Bigfoots and they have different cultural levels. I did specifically mention the example of the Chuchuunaa. And certainly you should understand that an American keyboard does not feature Swedish chharacters for typing!
 1. so do trolls understood in the traditional more dangerous sense, not exist or are just not common, i read kn another blog that there is evidence of them and it is closely guarded


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Industrial facilities with hazardous locations will realize much more than just enhanced safety with hazardous location LED lighting. Safety and security for employees who work in hazardous locations will always be of paramount importance, and in itself safety is a legitimate reason to install properly-rated LED lighting in those locations. The added benefits of hazardous location LED lighting will further justify their installation.
Industry and regulatory standards define the criteria for designating a work area as a hazardous location. An atmosphere around an industrial or manufacturing facility, for example, might include concentrations of flammable vapors, dusts, or fibers. This is particularly true for work areas in confined spaces, where vapor concentrations might build up and create an even greater hazard. Even if flammable substances are only stored or carried through work areas in sealed containers, their mere presence in the area means that the area is a hazardous location per the relevant classification standards. Hazardous location LED lighting will contain light fixtures with stronger housing and tempered glass that encase sparks and other potential ignition sources away from a flammable substance.
Benefits of Hazardous Location LED Lighting
Like other forms of LED lighting, hazardous location LED lighting is energy efficient and extremely durable. On average, an LED fixture will generate the same or better illumination as a traditional industrial lighting fixture with up to 90% less electrical energy input. The fixtures will also continue to work at acceptable levels for up to 50,000 hours, and in some cases up to 100,000 hours of operation. fvtled LED is a premier domestic manufacturer and designer of LED lighting fixtures and products and offers three different lines of hazardous location LED lighting that include durable fixtures constructed from copper free aluminum with superior double-folded aluminum fin heat sink technology to reduce the physical temperature of the fixture itself, which both improves durability and further reduces the potential for catastrophic ignition of airborne flammable substances.
These efficiency and durability characteristics save substantial operating and maintenance costs for industrial and manufacturing facilities while simultaneously providing the desired safe environment for workers. Designers and facilities managers who are selecting hazardous location LED fixtures can simply match the characteristics of an environment with the rating standards that apply to those fixtures. Class I hazardous lighting fixtures are designed for environments that include chemical vapors that might ignite when certain concentrations of those vapors come into contact with an ignition source, such as an electrical spark. Class II fixtures are designed for environments with concentrations of flammable dust, and Class III fixtures are for environments with airborne fibers. These Classes are further subdivided in Divisions, which are a function of whether the flammable substances are actually used in an environment or are stored or transported through that environment in sealed containers. The Divisions are broken down into seven different Groups that are defined by the actual substances and their relative flammability levels. Group A fixtures, for example, are rated for safe use in environments in which acetylene is used or stored.
Choosing the best hazardous location LED light fixture for a particular industrial application can be a difficult task for anyone who does not have a good understanding of the different Class, Division, and Group designations that apply to those fixtures.
fvtled LED's industrial lighting specialists are available to review all types of industrial facilities to help a manager or designer to select the fixtures that will provide the optimum benefits for their facilities.led lights,solar lights,led strip lights,outdoor stores,WIFI Deck Lights,WIFI LED Strip Go to Homepage


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- Was Ruku evolved by the direct order from Allah [ie in the time of the Prophet (Sm)]?
- When was it added to Quran?
- Who was/were the pioneered?
- Why was it added?
A ruku'in the quran is a small section that is grouped up based on the meaning of the ayat that are grouped.
An example of a ruku would be the first 7 ayat of surat baqarah.
The origin of this did not begin during the time of the prophet, in fact it is not even recognized worldwide, hence the reason for people misunderstanding your question.
Organizing the quran in ruku' started in south asia, when people began disecting the quran into sections to prepare for taraweeh in ramadan. they seperated it into 540 section to read in each raka' of the month, hence the name "ruku'." this beame a guide for people leading prayer to know how many ayat to say, instead of just guessing.
it is not known when exactly this tradition started, but it still used today by color coding certain quran's sections.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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With the help of a simple ceramic piezo-electric detector it is possible to assemble an interesting and useful Impact sensor unit,which can be used to detect impact and vibration on doors, showcases, windows etc. The shock sensor (Ceramic piezo-electric detector) uses a "unimorph" diaphram, which consists of a piezo-electric ceramic disk laminated to a metal disk. The sensor supplies a voltage proportional to the acceleration of the impact or vibration, for example 40mV/G ie output is near 2V for 60G impact.
Here a low voltage, low current Impact sensor unit is realised using a standard ceramic piezo-electric detector which drives a monostable multivibrator (IC1) circuit to activate a npn silicon transistor (T1). Open collector output of this transistor switch can be interfaced to an external alarm/switch circuit for further processing. Since current consumption of the circuit is very low (from 5 to 6 mA only) any common 3V button cell can be used to power the sensor unit.When an impact is sensed, the monostable drives the transistor switch to ON , for a finite duration determined by the incircuit values of RC timing components R3 and C2.
The M74HC123 (IC1) is an high speed DUAL retriggerable CMOS MONOSTABLE MULTIVIBRATOR (MMV) fabricated with silicon gate C2MOS technology, with all inputs protected against static discharge and transient excess voltage. There are two trigger inputs, negative edge and positive edge. Here, only one monostable part with positive edge triggering (pin 2) is used. After triggering, the output maintains the monostable state for the time period determined by the external resistor R3 and capacitor C2.


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From Boulder County
Feedback from road users on the new signage is encouraged
Boulder County, Colo. – To help improve safety for all roadway users in the plains/flatland areas, Boulder County will be piloting new signs to remind motorists and bicyclists about the rules for passing on county roads. These signs will be piloted on roads with significant vehicle and bicycle traffic that also do not have shoulders. These are roadways where motorists typically need to cross the centerline to give bicyclists the necessary three feet of space.
Boulder County has begun installing "STATE LAW/ 3 FEET MINIMUM" signs on roads near Hygiene and Lyons to remind motorists to give cyclists three feet of clearance when passing. The three feet of space is measured from the widest part of the vehicle (typically the mirrors or a trailer) to the cyclist and provides a margin of safety for bicyclists to maneuver around obstacles in the roadway or debris while being passed by a motorist. These signs will be printed on a white background, which means that, like speed limit signs, they are regulatory and must be obeyed.
Many times motorists are unsure how to safely pass bicyclists with the required three feet on narrow roads without shoulders. In Colorado, when it is safe, there is adequate sight distance and it would not interfere with oncoming traffic, motorists can cross a solid yellow line (in what is otherwise a no passing zone) to safely pass a cyclist. If there is inadequate sight distance, such as around a curve or before an upcoming hill, or if there is oncoming traffic, motorists must slow down and wait until it is clear to give a cyclist three feet of clearance when passing.
To remind drivers and bicyclists of the rules, Boulder County is also installing "WHEN SAFE MAY CROSS SOLID YELLOW TO PASS BIKES" signs and placards on the same roads that receive the "Three Feet Minimum" signs. This sign will be printed on a yellow background, meaning they are advisory and not regulatory.
"Often there tends to be confusion by both drivers and bicyclists on what the state law says about when and how to pass a bike rider," noted Boulder County Transportation Director George Gerstle. "Our goal is to improve safety and reduce tension between all users of the road by providing clarity, so everyone can know what to expect from each other."
To help develop the new signs, Boulder County Transportation and the Sheriff's Office worked with Cyclists 4 Community (C4C), a local non-profit focused on improving motorist-cyclist relationships and safety for all roadway users.
"Cyclists 4 Community's goal is to raise awareness for both cyclists and motorists about safe use of the roads," stated Ed Kuh with C4C. "Our target is to have zero deaths or serious injuries as a result of motorist/cyclists conflicts or collisions. Along with improved riding and driving habits, having the 'three feet passing' signage will help."
The new signs are being installed on a trial basis and Boulder County welcomes feedback. Please send comments to _EMAIL_ or call _PHONE_. You can also complete an online survey.
Prior to the 2013 Flood, Boulder County (at the suggestion of a motorist and bicycle working group) installed signs advising cyclists to ride single file in curves and reminding motorist to pass with care in the mountain canyons. These signs were placed particularly on mountain roads that see heavy cycling traffic and have limited sight distance and no shoulders. As part of flood reconstruction efforts, Boulder County has installed signage advising cyclists to ride single file on mountain roads that are either already under, or awaiting, reconstruction.
Signage shown on the roadside


For example, to open a new read, waiting up to 500msec for an item:
 GET work/t=500/open
 Or to close an existing read and open a new one:
 GET work/close/open
 - DELETE
 Drop a queue, discarding any items in it, and deleting any associated journal files.
 - FLUSH
 Discard all items remaining in this queue. The queue remains live and new items can be added. The time it takes to flush will be linear to the current queue size, and any other activity on this queue will block while it's being flushed.
 Discard all items remaining in all queues. The queues are flushed one at a time, as if kestrel received a FLUSH command for each queue.
 Display the kestrel version in a way compatible with memcache.
 Cleanly shutdown the server and exit.
 Reload the config file and reconfigure all queues. This should have no noticable effect on the server's responsiveness.
 Dump a list of each queue currently known to the server, and list the config values for each queue. The format is:
 queue'master' {
 The last queue will be followed by END on a line by itself.
 Display server stats in memcache style. They're described below.
 Display server stats in a more readable style, grouped by queue. They're described below.
 - MONITOR
 Monitor a queue for a time, fetching any new items that arrive. Clients are queued in a fair fashion, per-item, so many clients may monitor a queue at once. After the given timeout, a separate END response will signal the end of the monitor period. Any fetched items are open transactions (see "Reliable Reads" below), and should be closed with CONFIRM.
 - CONFIRM
 Confirm receipt of count items from a queue. Usually this is the response to a MONITOR command, to confirm the items that arrived during the monitor period.
Reliable reads
Normally when a client removes an item from the queue, kestrel immediately discards the item and assumes the client has taken ownership. This isn't always safe, because a client could crash or lose the network connection before it gets the item. So kestrel also supports a "reliable read" that happens in two stages, using the /open and /close options to GET.
When /open is used, and an item is available, kestrel will remove it from the queue and send it to the client as usual. But it will also set the item aside. If a client disconnects while it has an open read, the item is put back into the queue, at the head, so it will be the next item fetched. Only one item can be "open" per client connection.
A previous open request is closed with /close. The server will reject any attempt to open another read when one is already open, but it will ignore /close if there's no open request, so that you can add /close to every GET request for convenience.
If for some reason you want to abort a read without disconnecting, you can use /abort. But because aborted items are placed back at the head of the queue, this isn't a good way to deal with client errors. Since the error-causing item will always be the next one available, you'll end up bouncing the same item around between clients instead of making progress.
There's always a trade-off: either potentially lose items or potentially receive the same item multiple times. Reliable reads choose the latter option. To use this tactic successfully, work items should be idempotent, meaning the work could be done 2 or 3 times and have the same effect as if it had been done only once (except wasting some resources).
GET dirty_jobs/close/open
(receives job 1)
GET dirty_jobs/close/open
(closes job 1, receives job 2)
Server stats
Global stats reported by kestrel are:
 - uptime - seconds the server has been online
 - time - current time in unix epoch
 - version - version string, like "1.2"
 - curr_items - total of items waiting in all queues
 - total_itmes - total of items that have ever been added in this server's lifetime
 - bytes - total byte size of items waiting in all queues
 - curr_connections - current open connections from clients
 - total_connections - total connections that have been opened in this server's lifetime
 - cmd_get - total GET requests
 - cmd_set - total SET requests
 - cmd_peek - total GET/peek requests
 - get_hits - total GET requests that received an item
 - get_misses - total GET requests on an empty queue
 - bytes_read - total bytes read from clients
 - bytes_written - total bytes written to clients
For each queue, the following stats are also reported:
 - items - items waiting in this queue
 - bytes - total byte size of items waiting in this queue
 - total_items - total items that have been added to this queue in this server's lifetime
 - logsize - byte size of the queue's journal file
 - expired_items - total items that have been expired from this queue in this server's lifetime
 - mem_items - items in this queue that are currently in memory
 - mem_bytes - total byte size of items in this queue that are currently in memory (will always be less than or equal to max_memory_size config for the queue)
 - age - time, in milliseconds, that the last item to be fetched from this queue had been waiting; that is, the time between SET and GET; if the queue is empty, this will always be zero
 - discarded - number of items discarded because the queue was too full
 - waiters - number of clients waiting for an item from this queue (using GET/t)
 - open_transactions - items read with /open but not yet confirmed
Kestrel as a library
You can use kestrel as a library by just sticking the jar on your classpath. It's a cheap way to get a durable work queue for inter-process or inter-thread communication. Each queue is represented by a PersistentQueue object:
class PersistentQueue(val name: String, persistencePath: String,
 _USER_ var config: QueueConfig, timer: Timer,
 queueLookup: Option[(String => Option[PersistentQueue])]) {
and must be initialized before using:
def setup(): Unit
specifying the path for the journal files (if the queue will be journaled), the name of the queue, a QueueConfig object (derived from QueueBuilder), a timer for handling timeout reads, and optionally a way to find other named queues (for expireToQueue support).
To add an item to a queue:
def add(value: Array[Byte], expiry: Option[Time]): Boolean
It will return false if the item was rejected because the queue was full.
Queue items are represented by a case class:
case class QItem(addTime: Time, expiry: Option[Time], data: Array[Byte], var xid: Int)
and several operations exist to remove or peek at the head item:
def peek(): Option[QItem]
def remove(): Option[QItem]
To open a reliable read, set transaction true, and later confirm or unremove the item by its xid:
def remove(transaction: Boolean): Option[QItem]
def unremove(xid: Int)
def confirmRemove(xid: Int)
You can also asynchronously remove or peek at items using futures.
def waitRemove(deadline: Option[Time], transaction: Boolean): Future[Option[QItem]]
def waitPeek(deadline: Option[Time]): Future[Option[QItem]]
When done, you should close the queue:
def close(): Unit
def isClosed: Boolean
Here's a short example:
var queue = new PersistentQueue("work", "/var/spool/kestrel", config, timer, None)
// add an item with no expiration:
queue.add("hello".getBytes, 0)
// start to remove it, then back out:
val item = queue.remove(true)
// remove an item with a 500msec timeout, and confirm it:
queue.waitRemove(500.milliseconds.fromNow, true)() match {
 case None =>
 println("nothing. :(")
 case Some(item) =>
 println("got: " + new String(
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If pixels are missing from your photos, follow the advice below.
If this is the case, the first thing you should do is try and clean your camera.
It's important to remember the following thing when cleaning your Nintendo DS:
1. Do not use any type of solvent to clean it.
2. Do not pour water directly onto your system.
3. Never place your system in liquid of any kind.
1. Slightly dampen the corner of a cloth then lightly rub the lens of your camera to shift any stubborn dirt.
2. Using a dry corner of the same cloth, wipe away any other stains from the lens.
3. Wrap some tape around your fingers so that the sticky side is facing outwards. Then dab at the lens and repeat steps 1 & 2.
If you've cleaned your lens using the steps above and your photos are still missing pixels, it's likely there's a problem with your Nintendo DS.
You can book your Nintendo DS in for inspection by the Nintendo Customer Support Team.


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I was told to write the $3$ cube roots of $27$ in rectangular form how is this to be done? I know how to do cube roots on something like $5+0i$ in polar form, but how do you do it with just a number?
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3 Answers 3
up vote 3 down vote accepted
If you know how to find the cube roots of $5+0i$ in polar form, you're most of the way there already. $27=27+0i$, so you can use the same techniques on it as on $5+0i$ to get the polar form of the cube roots. To get to rectangular form from polar form, evaluate the polar form—that is, $$re^{i\theta}=r(\cos\theta+i\sin\theta)=r\cos\theta+(r\sin\theta)i.$$
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$z^\frac{1}{n} = +\sqrt[n]{\vert z\vert} e^{ i \frac{\arg (z) + 2k\pi }{n} } $, where $\arg(z)$ is the principal argument of the complex number $z$, and $k = {0, 1,... n-1}$. In this case, since the complex number $z$ is purely real, $\arg(z) = 0$. Therefore we are left with:
$27^\frac{1}{3} = \sqrt[3]{27} e^{i\frac{2k\pi}{3} }$, which, iterating over $k$, gives us the three roots $3, 3e^{i\frac{2\pi}{3}}$, and $3e^{i\frac{4\pi}{3}} $. Now, to express them in rectangular form, simply use Euler's formula; $e^{ix} = \cos(x) + i \sin(x)$.
Your final answers should then be $3, \frac{3}{2}(-1+i\sqrt{3})$, and $\frac{3}{2}(-1-i\sqrt{3})$.
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_USER_. By the way, maybe you should take a look at…. – a.r. Sep 26 '10 at 9:40
_USER_ Roig Don't worry, I really don't care a ton for the actual answer I need to find out how to do it so that I can do any different problem on the test. – chromedude Sep 27 '10 at 10:57
Yes, a number has three cube roots. Think about how you would factor the polynomial $x^3-27$.
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yes, of course. – jericson Sep 26 '10 at 3:50
Your Answer


text: In our research, we investigated the coloring effect of beverages, the decolorizing effect of natural oils and natural sorbents. In addition, we've found the coloring effects of selected drinks (red wine,Coca Cola,black tea,coffee). The most coloring was Coca Cola and red wine. Activated charcoal proved to be the most effective bleach, which has shown 182% of bleaching properties of the Colgate whitening toothpaste. After statistic determination of the coloring properties of the substances we formulated whitening blends consisting of a combination of the most effective oils and sorbents. All the bleaching masses which we produced showed a higher bleaching efficacy than conventional whitening toothpaste. The best bleaching mass recorded 188% of bleaching properties of whitening toothpaste.


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|The permaculture garden found on Utah State University-Moab's campus was recently officially certified by the National Wildlife Federation (NWF) as a wildlife habitat.
The self-sustaining campus garden is also one of many "bee-inspired gardens" found throughout Moab. These gardens combine pollinator and edible landscaping alongside water conservation.
"Sustainable landscaping includes designing and installing drought resistant and native plants; permeable paver surfaces for patios, driveways, and walkways; and drainage that keeps water on the property; and irrigation that utilizes the existing rain water to support the plant life on the property," says Matt Johnson, owner of Johnsons Landscaping. "We are seeing more and more homeowners request this type of landscape design and more and more jurisdictions requiring this type of design and installation. It is no longer the wave of the future. It is the present day reality, and it is here to stay."
By closely imitating nature with integrative permaculture techniques such as native plants, and water harvesting and conservation, the garden provides an environment that is conducive to wildlife use, according to Roslynn Brain, USU assistant professor in sustainable communities. Brain is hopeful that garden's new NWF certification will raise sustainability awareness in the Moab community.
"Sometimes behaviors like composting, recycling and recreating new wildlife habitat aren't very visible for the community. What's great about the NWF certification is that it brings more of a public view to what we're doing and why it's important," Brain said. "It can get the message out that this is a way to create beautiful landscapes that are beneficial to wildlife in addition to humans."
In a recent news release announcing the certification, The NWF praised the USU's permaculture garden's incorporation of perennial edible and pollinator plants, as well as its rainwater harvesting techniques.
David Mizejewski, a naturalist with the NWF, feels it's important to provide a home for wildlife in developed communities, and that doing so is a reflective of a healthy, active, and balanced ecosystem.
The campus garden was able to link the wildlife habitat across the lesser-developed areas of Moab by increasing the river bank areas of Pack Creek. Aside from the obvious human element, the purpose of the project was to connect both areas in order to create an environment that would encourage life to flourish.
Though deer are often spotted, the garden has encouraged less visible — yet equally important — wildlife such as pollinators and insects to thrive, which is especially significant considering future development of the area threatens their current habitats, according to USU sustainability intern Jeremy Lynch.
"The important thing about certification is creating habitat and food for birds and insects and pollinators like bees, bats, and hummingbirds," said Lynch. "You draw these less noticeable species to have a place to extend into if something happens near the creek like a new development. So we're countering that impact through these spaces."
As the garden continues to grow, Brain expects it to attract even more wildlife, and has already seen an increase since its installation.
|It was just two years ago that the giant corpse plant kept at Cornell University bloomed in a magnificent display that lasted two days. Now, caretakers at Cornell's College of Agriculture and Life Sciences say the giant plant, better known as Wee Stinky, is ready to do so again.
Although it is hard to say exactly when Wee Stinky will bloom, Paul Cooper, who is responsible for the 50-pound titan arum, has predicted that it will take place Tuesday this week, or even a little later.
The corpse plant, named for the rotting meat smell it gives off as it blooms, is a native to the Sumatran rain forests. As it blooms, the plant releases the corpse-like odor to attract flies and beetles, though scientists are still unsure if this plays a role in the pollination of the plant in the wild.
Biology professors at the university were surprised to find that Wee Stinky was ready to bloom again after doing so just two years ago. It takes a large amount of energy for the plant to open its spathe, which is the large, leafy part of the plant that produces seeds. The process can kill the plant, and scientists were afraid that the 2012 bloom was going to be the last for Wee Stinky.
"We're really quite surprised that it's flowering again this soon. We weren't expecting it," said Melissa Luckow, a biology associate professor at Cornell University, according to the Star Gazette.
Not only is the blooming of a tropical corpse plant a rare sight, but the plant itself is listed as a threatened species on the World Conservation Union's Red List of Threatened Species. Its natural habitat in the tropical rain forests of Sumatra is being threatened by farmers who are taking over the land to plant more profitable species, like those that produce palm oil.
By displaying the exotic plant in Upstate New York, biologists and plant lovers alike hope to raise awareness of the importance of plant conservation both in the U.S. and around the world.
"Including plants in your yard that come from other areas of the country or world can often carry diseases or bacteria or other elements that are unknown to us and therefore may present a greater risk to surrounding native vegetation," says Don Saunders, Owner of Saunders Landscaping Supple. "As long as threatened native plant species aren't detrimental to the surrounding environment, it is important to try to save any endangered plant species."


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Amritsar: Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences in Guru Nanak Dev University(GNDU) organised a national level seminar, titled "Recent trends in plants and environmental sciences" on Friday. More than 200 scientists, academicians, research scholars and students from every part of the country participated in it.
The seminar was inaugurated by eminent scientist, Prof Satish C Bhatia from Department of Botany, Delhi University. Senior scientist, Dr Sunil Kaul of National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Japan delivered the keynote address in the inauguration function. Prof Satwinderjit Kaur, welcomed the distinguished guests.
Prof Avinash Nagpal and Prof Renu Bhardwaj delivered very useful information on how to protect and maintain the plants which in turn, protect the environment from being polluted. The two also stressed the need of conducting research in bio-diversity, genetic texicology, anti mutagenesis and cancer chemo prevention.
For more news updates Follow and Like us on Facebook


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Samurai sword found in attic, newly discovered mass grave may hold Viking army, ancient stone tools may rewrite human history.
Rare 12th Century Samurai Sword Found In Attic
If you've ever thought that your attic was just full of old junk, you may want to think again.
A rusty blade pulled from an attic decades ago was just revealed to be one of the oldest Japanese samurai swords in existence.
Discover more here.
Mass Grave May Hold Evidence Of Viking's Storied Grand Heathen Army
For centuries, stories have told of the Viking's Grand Heathen Army that conquered cities in what's now England during the ninth century. But the archaeological evidence just wasn't there.
But a recently discovered mass grave may just hold bones that prove the existence of the Grand Heathens, according to a new study.
Dig deeper at HISTORY.
Discovery Of Ancient Stone Tools Could Rewrite Human History
In many ways, the history of early humans tools is the history of early humans. The development of our ancestors' tools reveals a wealth of telling information about how they lived and how they evolved into modern human beings.
Now, a new discovery of ancient stone tools in India could drastically alter much of what we thought we knew about early human development. Namely, these shockingly well-developed tools could prove that humans migrated out of Africa far earlier than experts thought.
Learn why at Smithsonian.


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Kinetics of pathogen destruction during storage of dewatered biosolids
The kinetics of pathogen destruction were determined during storage of digested and dewatered wastewater treatment biosolids to obtain relationships between temperature and duration of biosolids storage. Biosolids, seeded with Salmonella typhimurium, Yersinia enterocolitica, Campylobacter jejuni, bacteriophage f2, poliovirus, and Ascaris suum eggs were incubated at 5°, 22°, 38°, and 49.5°C, under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions for up to 62 days. Destruction of pathogens in stored biosolids occurred at all temperatures examined; however, rates increased with increasing temperature. There was no significant difference between the destruction of pathogens under aerobic or anaerobic conditions at all temperatures studied. At 50°C, the decay rate of S. typhimurium, Y. enterocolitica, bacteriophage f2, poliovirus, and A. suum eggs was estimated to be 1.13, 1.10, 1.54, 0.81, and 0.21 log10 reductions per day, respectively.


text:
Australians have high expectations of tests in healthcare. But are they higher than warranted? And are they impacting on healthcare expenditure? While many people undoubtedly benefit from early diagnosis through testing, research shows that some tests may lead to unnecessary and costly, if not harmful, treatment. Critically, the role of tests is often not straightforward; while they might lead directly to treatment, they might also prompt a cascade of further—and potentially unwarranted—tests. Notwithstanding these issues, Australia's overall use of diagnostic imaging and tests has increased significantly in recent years, which is contributing to rapidly rising healthcare costs. Despite this growth, we know little about the sociocultural factors that underpin this use. In particular, we have limited understanding of the factors shaping the optimistic expectations for particular tests and for testing in general in healthcare.
Responding to these gaps in knowledge, this project aims to understand the sociocultural processes underpinning optimism for the use of testing technologies in healthcare. The Australian national cancer screening programs and routine clinical practice will be used as case studies to determine the mechanisms by which optimistic expectations of healthcare testing emerge and function among different stakeholder communities. Insights from this study will ultimately help to inform the development of policies and strategies that ensure a cost-effective use of healthcare resources.
In collaboration with


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How to Access eReserves (Students)
You can access eReserves in two ways:
From your online classroom
Go to Content > Course Resources > eReserves and you will see the eReserve items for that particular class.
Or log directly into the eReserve System
You can also log directly into the eReserves System, where you should see a list of your current classes. Click on a class and you will see the items for that class.
Note that eReserve items do not become available until the first day of class, and are unavailable once the class ends.
The eReserves System
- Hot List. You can make a single "Hot List" of selected items from all your classes for quick access to those items.
- Alerts. You can set up e-mail alerts to notify you when new items become available.
- RSS Feeds. You can also subscribe to an RSS feed to be alerted when new items become available.
- Tagging. You can tag items and sort them by the tags. Click on individual items to add tags to them. (Some items may also come with tags from the instructor.)
What is the difference between eReserves, eReadings, and the Webliography?
- eReadings are textbook chapters that are placed in your classroom through UMUC Textbook Services.
- eReserves are additional required readings, provided through the UMUC Library.
- The Webliography is a list of resources freely available on the Web.


Do You Love Wild Animals?
Show me Wild Experiences
Published on : 27th January 2018
Are UK Wildlife Species Decreasing In Number?
The UK's endangered red squirrel
Based on studies, the UK has lost more than 16% of all animals including fish and birds since the 1970s. Reports also indicate that more than 10% of UK's wildlife species are in danger of becoming extinct. Meanwhile, the population of all endangered species in the UK have dropped by 65% from the 1970s to the present. The population of insects and other invertebrates have also decreased by almost 60%. Furthermore, as compared to the global average, the rate of loss of species in the UK is much faster. Given the aforementioned data, yes, UK wildlife species are decreasing in number.
What Are Causing The Decline In UK Wildlife Species?
Since the 1970s, the UK's population continued to grow together with its stable and developing economy. To address the increasing population, the UK government implemented changes in its overall agricultural approach. The UK used science and technology to make huge advances in farming. It became more efficient and scientific which made harvests better every year. However, as the farming became more sophisticated and successful, the effect on native animals also became worse. In fact, studies point to agricultural change as the primary driver of dropping wildlife population in Britain.
As animals needed to be kept out of the farmlands to ensure optimal crop growth, the clear effect was a large loss of natural habitat for several of them. The animals were forced to move elsewhere to survive. Loss of habitat is identified as one of the top reasons why the UK's wildlife species are decreasing in number. Aside from advanced agriculture, national urban development, which includes the building of infrastructure like roads, bridges, and buildings, also contributed UK's wildlife losing their homes.
The most affected animals due to habitat loss are hedgehogs, great crested newts, grasshoppers and sand lizards. In the 1950s, there was an estimated 36 million hedgehogs in the UK. It went down to around 2 million in the 1990s. It is believed that there are now less than a million hedgehogs in the UK. Similarly, newts, grasshoppers and sand lizards have also suffered a drastic decrease in population since the 1990s.
Another cause of the decrease in UK's wildlife population is the introduction of foreign species that compete with native ones. This is what happened to red squirrels after American native grey squirrels were introduced by the Victorians into the UK in the 1870s. The population of red squirrels, which was believed to be around 3.6 million some decades ago, is now down to an estimated 120,000. Apart from competition, grey squirrels carry a virus which does not seem to affect them but is lethal to red squirrels.
The native water vole is also suffering a similar fate as the red squirrel. However, the decline in the population of water voles is primarily caused by predation and not competition. In the 1920s, the American Mink was brought to the UK for fur farms. However, the minks escaped in the 1950s and bred in the wild. Now, they are the biggest threats to water voles. Since the 1980s, the water vole population declined by more than 90% because of the American Mink.
Scientists and conservationists are also sounding the alarm on climate change as one of the causes of the declining UK wildlife population. This phenomenon is said to be the leading culprit in the 70% drop in the number of seabirds in Britain for the past decades. Waters in Europe are changing which is affecting planktons. Consequently, sea eels which feed on these planktons are losing their food. Meanwhile, kittiwakes and other seabirds feed on these eels. With the scarcity of eels, these birds are forced to move out of their feeding areas and habitats.
With harsher storms and extreme weather, more animals are feared to lose their habitats, too. Also, with the disruption in the normal schedule of seasonal changes, animals are becoming out sync. If this persists, food supply would not be enough or available when needed.
Urbanisation, pollution and exploitation of natural resources have also contributed to the wildlife population concerns in the UK, since it has affected not only the habitats but also the air that animals breathe and the water that they drink. Bottom trawling, which has the objective to catch more fish in the ocean, has ruined sea beds and severely affected wildlife in the ocean.
What Has Been Done To Address The Declining UK Wildlife Population?
Several actions have been taken to prevent the problem from getting worse. Laws were implemented to protect certain species like what was done to the soprano pipistrelle, one of the country's smallest bats. This has caused a resurgence in the population of this species. Similarly, the protected status of the badger has resulted in an 88% increase in its number since the 1980s.
Reintroduction of some species was also done. The beaver, which disappeared in the 18th century due to hunting, has been successfully reintroduced in Knapdale Forest in Scotland. Currently, these animals are growing in number and are starting to be seen in other places in the UK such as the River Otter. Other animal species which were successfully reintroduced include the large blue butterfly, the short-haired bumblebee and the hazel dormice.
Creation of habitats is another step that was taken to address the declining wildlife population in Britain. For example, new reedbeds were made to provide bitterns with a natural habitat. This has helped grow their population by more than 14 times within the past 2 decades.
While there are positive signs that can be seen all over the UK, more needs to be done in terms of preventing the further decline of UK wildlife population. Some initiatives are headed in the right direction, but everyone should make their own contribution to ensure that no more animal in Britain becomes extinct.
The UK's Endangered Red Squirrel
Image Attribution: Photograph by Cameraman [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
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Image Attribution: Photograph © Michael Gäbler / Wikimedia Commons, via Wikimedia Commons
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Image Attribution: Photograph by Mick Lobb [CC-BY-SA/2.0], via Geograph
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Image Attribution: Photograph by Cheryl Reynolds, Courtesy of Worth a Dam [CC BY-SA 3.0], via Wikimedia Commons
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Virtual 69th Annual - 14th Biennial Joint Conference of the
WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOCIATION &
EUROPEAN WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOCIATION
August 31 – September 2, 2021
WDA/EWDA Joint Conference is going Virtual!
JOIN US FOR WILDLIFE HEALTH!!
Call for abstracts now open!
EXTENDED Deadline for submission: April 30, 2021
The Virtual 69th WDA - 14th EWDA Joint Conference will be organized around the topic "Managing Wildlife Diseases for Sustainable Ecosystems"
This Conference will be a stimulating forum for discussion and exchange by wildlife, health and ecology professionals from around the world. Set within the amazing environment of the Wildlife Disease Association community, the conference promises to provide the perfect framework to learn about wildlife disease management as well as present new discoveries and developments in all fields of Wildlife Health.
Professionals working in any aspect of wildlife health and/or wildlife disease management as well as students, researchers or those concerned with the wild-domestic animal interface or the wildlife-human interface are invited to this unique opportunity to share their knowledge.
We also especially encourage students to contribute their work and take the opportunity to share their viewpoints with specialists. Student contributions are assigned space in specific sections and the best oral and poster presentations will be awarded.
For abstract submission guidelines please consult further information at: _URL_
Find everything about the Virtual Conference at: _URL_
Download a PDF Call for Abstracts HERE
Organizers: Spanish Game & Wildlife Research Institute (IREC)
Health & Biotechnology (SaBio) Group
Ronda de Toledo, 12; 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain


An Explicitly Relational Neural Network Architecture
Abstract
With a view to bridging the gap between deep learning and symbolic AI, we present a novel end-to-end neural network architecture that learns to form propositional representations with an explicitly relational structure from raw pixel data. In order to evaluate and analyse the architecture, we introduce a family of simple visual relational reasoning tasks of varying complexity. We show that the proposed architecture, when pre-trained on a curriculum of such tasks, learns to generate reusable representations that better facilitate subsequent learning on previously unseen tasks when compared to a number of baseline architectures. The workings of a successfully trained model are visualised to shed some light on how the architecture functions.
Publications


text:
Yunita Kusuma Handayani, BS Thesis, Dept. of Physics, University of Indonesia, 2012
The influence of an electric field of cancer cell there are two kinds of which inhibits tumor growth and destroy cancer cells that are undergoing fission. This research uses Electro Capacitive Cancer Treatment (ECCT) vest type A and type B with frequency of 50 – 500 KHz of the electric current source back and forth with voltage 2,4 – 3 volt. Award of the electrical field conducted in in vivo for 16 hours cumulatively on patients with breast cancer-celled ferocity stadium level II with or without metastase to the axilla to the position of cancer cells in five different quadrants of breast medial superior, inferior, medial, central, lateral superior and inferior lateral. The results showed that Electric therapy very effective Capacitive Cancer Treatment to inhibit cell division and cancer kill cancer cells that are located on the superior lateral quadrant.
Key word : ECCT, ECVT, Effectivenes, breast cancer, quadrant


text:
Abarim Publications' online Biblical Greek Dictionary
The ubiquitous preposition συν (sun) expresses a close connection, a joined activity, shared situation or maintained coalition, and can usually be translated as: with or together with. It differs from the preposition μετα (meta) in that the latter expresses a mere proximity while συν (sun) expresses an intimate relation.
Our preposition is frequently used to indicate cooperative bonds in society (sit with, stand with, be with, talk with, walk with, etcetera) but it may also be used to indicate the help, inspiration or instruction from someone (or something). It comes with only the dative case, which suggests that this particle mostly describes about a motion towards unity rather than a motion deriving from unity.
Our particle may express the "seen-from-all-sides" or "on-all-accounts", that is wholesale completion of an activity or process, and may, with verbs that already express completion, hence serve as an intensive.


This section includes the following topics:
Saving Each Context and System Separately
Saving All Context Configurations at the Same Time
Saving Each Context and System Separately
To save the system or context configuration, enter the following command within the system or context:
hostname# write memory
Note The copy running-config startup-config command is equivalent to the write memory command.
For multiple context mode, context startup configurations can reside on external servers. In this case, the adaptive security appliance saves the configuration back to the server you identified in the context URL, except for an HTTP or HTTPS URL, which do not let you save the configuration to the server.
Saving All Context Configurations at the Same Time
To save all context configurations at the same time, as well as the system configuration, enter the following command in the system execution space:
hostname# write memory all [/noconfirm]
If you do not enter the /noconfirm keyword, you see the following prompt:
Are you sure [Y/N]:
After you enter Y, the adaptive security appliance saves the system configuration and each context. Context startup configurations can reside on external servers. In this case, the adaptive security appliance saves the configuration back to the server you identified in the context URL, except for an HTTP or HTTPS URL, which do not let you save the configuration to the server.
After the adaptive security appliance saves each context, the following message appears:
'Saving context 'b' ... ( 1/3 contexts saved ) '
Sometimes, a context is not saved because of an error. See the following information for errors:
For contexts that are not saved because of low memory, the following message appears:
The context 'context a' could not be saved due to Unavailability of resources
For contexts that are not saved because the remote destination is unreachable, the following message appears:
The context 'context a' could not be saved due to non-reachability of destination
For contexts that are not saved because the context is locked, the following message appears:
Unable to save the configuration for the following contexts as these contexts are
locked.
context 'a' , context 'x' , context 'z' .
A context is only locked if another user is already saving the configuration or in the process of deleting the context.
For contexts that are not saved because the startup configuration is read-only (for example, on an HTTP server), the following message report is printed at the end of all other messages:
Unable to save the configuration for the following contexts as these contexts have
read-only config-urls:
context 'a' , context 'b' , context 'c' .
For contexts that are not saved because of bad sectors in the Flash memory, the following message appears:
The context 'context a' could not be saved due to Unknown errors
Copying the Startup Configuration to the Running Configuration
Copy a new startup configuration to the running configuration using one of these options:
To merge the startup configuration with the running configuration, enter the following command:
hostname(config)# copy startup-config running-config
A merge adds any new commands from the new configuration to the running configuration. If the configurations are the same, no changes occur. If commands conflict or if commands affect the running of the context, then the effect of the merge depends on the command. You might get errors, or you might have unexpected results.
To load the startup configuration and discard the running configuration, restart the adaptive security appliance by entering the following command:
hostname# reload
Alternatively, you can use the following commands to load the startup configuration and discard the running configuration without requiring a reboot:
hostname/contexta(config)# clear configure all
hostname/contexta(config)# copy startup-config running-config
Viewing the Configuration
The following commands let you view the running and startup configurations.
To view the running configuration, enter the following command:
hostname# show running-config
To view the running configuration of a specific command, enter the following command:
hostname# show running-config command
To view the startup configuration, enter the following command:
hostname# show startup-config
Clearing and Removing Configuration Settings
To erase settings, enter one of the following commands.
To clear all the configuration for a specified command, enter the following command:
hostname(config)# clear configure configurationcommand [level2configurationcommand]
This command clears all the current configuration for the specified configuration command. If you only want to clear the configuration for a specific version of the command, you can enter a value for level2configurationcommand.
For example, to clear the configuration for all aaa commands, enter the following command:
hostname(config)# clear configure aaa
To clear the configuration for only aaa authentication commands, enter the following command:
hostname(config)# clear configure aaa authentication
To disable the specific parameters or options of a command, enter the following command:
hostname(config)# no configurationcommand [level2configurationcommand] qualifier
In this case, you use the no command to remove the specific configuration identified by qualifier.
For example, to remove a specific nat command, enter enough of the command to identify it uniquely as follows:
hostname(config)# no nat (inside) 1
To erase the startup configuration, enter the following command:
hostname(config)# write erase
To erase the running configuration, enter the following command:
hostname(config)# clear configure all
Note In multiple context mode, if you enter clear configure all from the system configuration, you also remove all contexts and stop them from running.
Creating Text Configuration Files Offline
This guide describes how to use the CLI to configure the adaptive security appliance; when you save commands, the changes are written to a text file. Instead of using the CLI, however, you can edit a text file directly on your PC and paste a configuration at the configuration mode command-line prompt in its entirety, or line by line. Alternatively, you can download a text file to the adaptive security appliance internal Flash memory. See Chapter 38, "Managing Software, Licenses, and Configurations," for information on downloading the configuration file to the adaptive security appliance.
In most cases, commands described in this guide are preceded by a CLI prompt. The prompt in the following example is "hostname(config)#":
hostname(config)# context a
In the text configuration file you are not prompted to enter commands, so the prompt is omitted as follows:
context a
For additional information about formatting the file, see Appendix C, "Using the Command-Line Interface."


The following information relates to the integration of LDAP server and keycload in VMware Telco Cloud Operations.
The LDAP server is reachable by using FQDN for LDAPS configuration.
Configuration Steps
The integration between Keycloak and LDAP depends on the schema configured in the LDAP server. The examples provided are used as an example only. The information cannot be used as it is in the customer environment. The configuration must use the Keycloak UI.
Note: For information about managing users and access control, go to VMware Telco Cloud Operations Configuration Guide.
 1. Login to the Keycloak UI using admin credentials. You can access Keycloak by using the following URL: http://<control-plane-node-1>/auth. The administrator user name is admin and default password is vmware@1!.
 2. Create a new instance of User Federation for LDAP. Following table provide an example
 Setting Value
 Enabled On
 Console Display Name <Any String >
 Priority 0
 Import Users OFF
 Edit Mode READ_ONLY
 Sync Registrations OFF
 Vendor Active Directory
 Username LDAP attribute Cn
 RDN LDAP attribute Cn
 User Object Classes *
 Connection URL ldap://<fqdn of LDAP>
 Users DN ou=users,dc=tco,dc=com
 Custom User LDAP Filter
 Search Scope One Level
 Bind Type Simple
 Bind DN cn=ldapadmin,ou=users,dc=tco,dc=com
 Bind Credential Password for ldapadmin
 Do not select the Synchronize Changed User or Synchronize All User button. The Import Users value is set to Of, and all other parameters depend on the LDAP schema.
 Note: The configuration of a secured LDAP and an unsecured LDAP is the same, except the Connection URL field value must start with ldaps://.
 Schema for users
 dn: ou=users,dc=tco,dc=com
 objectClass: organizationalUnit
 ou: People
 ou: users

 Schema for admin users
 dn: cn=ldapadmin,dc=tco,dc=com
 objectClass: organizationalRole
 cn: ldapadmin
 description: LDAP Admin

 3. Create a user-attribute-ldap-mapper on the same User Federation instance.
 This mapper is required for mapping the LDAP group information into the user attribute. To create an LDAP mapper, navigate through the User Federation > Ldap LDAP Mappers > Create LDAP mapper menu.
 Mapper Type user-attribute-ldap-mapper
 User Model Attribute memberOf
 LDAP Attribute This attribute contains the group information.
 In the example schema, it shows memberOf.
 Read Only ON
 Is Mandatory in LDAP OFF
 Is Binary Attribute OFF
 The following schema is used for configuring the LDAP user. The memberOf attribute in user contains the name of the groups that the user is part of:
 dn: cn={5}smartsengineer,cn=schema,cn=config
 objectClass: olcSchemaConfig
 cn: {5}smartsengineer
 olcAttributeTypes: {0}( 2.25.128424792425578037463837247958458780603.1 NAME
 'memberOf' EQUALITY caseIgnoreMatch SUBSTR caseIgnoreSubstringsMatch SYNTAX
 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.15 )
 olcAttributeTypes: {1}( 2.25.128424792425578037463837247958458780603.2 NAME
 'homeTown' EQUALITY caseIgnoreMatch SUBSTR caseIgnoreSubstringsMatch SYNTAX
 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.15{1024} )
 olcObjectClasses: {0}( 2.25.128424792425578037463837247958458780603.3 NAME '
 smartsEngineer' DESC 'SMARTSWorker' SUP inetOrgPerson STRUCTURAL MAY ( memb
 erOf $ homeTown ) )

 Once the mapper configuration is saved, the memberOf attribute populates with the user and group information.
 Verify that the memberOf attribute was added to the user. The following is the mapper used in the example.
 4. Create a protocol mapper in the NGINX client. The NGIX client uses the protocol mapper for accessing user information. The protocol mapper places the user group information in the access token. To create the mapper navigate through Clients > nginx > Mappers > Create Protocol Mappers menus.
 Attribute Name Attribute Value
 Mapper Type User Attribute
 User Attribute memberOf
 (The value of the attribute is the same value used in LDAP Attribute in step 3.)
 Token Claim Name ldapgroups
 (This must be ldapgroups)
 Claim JSON Type String
 Add to ID token ON
 Add to access token ON
 Add to userinfo ON
 Multivalued ON
 Aggregate attribute values OFF
 When the protocol mapper is created, the access token populates with user and group information.
LDAPS Integration with Keycloak
To enable LDAPS in Keycloak:
 1. Log in to control plane node.
 2. Nagivate to the /home/clusteradmin/keycloak directory.
 3. Provide the executable permissions to the import-ldap-cert.sh file (if required).
 4. Run the following script to add the LDAP certificate to Keycloak.
 ./import-ldap-cert.sh -i -r <ldap ip > -p < Secured ldap port> -s < store password >
 store password: If you are importing the certificate for the first time, provide any string. Thereafter, the password must match with the password provided.
 Note: This step will delete the existing Keycloak pod. A new pod appear with an imported LDAP certificate.
 Example: ./import-ldap-cert.sh -i -r 10.185.19.172 -p 636 -s testtest
 Description Script Example Response of the Script
 Add certificate from the LDAP server ./import-ldap-cert.sh -i -r 10.185.19.172 -p 636 -s testtest
 Note: This step deletes the existing Keycloak pod. A new pod appears with an existing certificate in truststore.
 {
 "response": "Successfully added certificate for ldap 10.185.19.172",
 "errorMessage": "Success",
 "errorCode": 200
 }

 List the imported certificate /import-ldap-cert.sh -l -s < store password >
 For example, the script will look like this: ./import-ldap-cert.sh -l -s testtest
 {
 "response": "10.185.19.172-1",
 "errorMessage": "Success",
 "errorCode": 200
 }

 Delete the imported certificate ./import-ldap-cert.sh -d -s < store password > -a < alias of cert in truststore >
 Note: This step deletes the existing Keycloak pod. A new pod appears with an existing certificate in truststore.
 {
 "response": "Successfully delete 10.185.19.172-1certificate from truststore ",
 "errorMessage": "Success",
 "errorCode": 200
 }

 5. Follow the steps from step 1 to step 4.
Multiple Groups Configuration for LDAP User
The user must adhere to the following rules for configuing multiple groups for a specific user. For a specific user, the entry for user group must have th attribute value of memberOf in the LDAP server.
When a user is part of multiple groups, there must be multiple instance of the memberOf attribute with the value as the group name the user is part of.
Example
userA is part of two groups: GroupA and GroupB. userA must have two instances of the attribute memberOf. The value of one attribute must be GroupA and the value of another attribute must be GroupB.
Example for userA
memberOf: GroupA
memberOf: GroupB
uid: userA
.


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How to Dispose of Mineral Spirits
Mineral spirits, or white spirits, are a petroleum-based cleaning solvent.They are commonly used with decorating and art paint products. Once you have used mineral spirits to thin paint or clean paint brushes, you can store them for later use or find a hazardous waste facility that can dispose of them responsibly without contaminating your ground water.
Reusing Mineral Spirits
Keep mineral spirits in the original container after you are done using them.Seal the lid as tightly as possible. Place them away from any areas with open flames.
- Mineral spirits ignite at 105 to 145 °F (41 to 63 °C).
Leave the mineral spirits alone in their sealed container for months at a time.Mineral spirits do not "go bad," so it is not necessary to dispose of them after you use them as paint solvent. Allow the mineral spirits to settle, letting the paint sink to the bottom.
- The best thing to do with mineral spirits is to buy low quantities and reuse them for decades. They evaporate very slowly.
Remove the lid, pour off the clear mineral spirits into a thick, new waste-safe container.Label them immediately for reuse. Pour the remaining paint at the bottom into cat litter.
- Follow the next method to dispose of the paint and kitty litter properly.
- You can buy containers that can safely store solvents at art supply stores, hardware stores and on the Internet. Not all plastic containers are acceptable for use, because the solvent may wear down and break the plastic over time.
Use mineral spirits to thin oil paints.This solvent can be retained for use with oil-based house paint or art paints. Add small quantities until the paint reaches the consistency of your choice.
- Add more medium to your paint, if you feel you may have added too much solvent. Overly diluted paint may not bind to the canvas. However, using more paint medium will reverse the effect.
Call a local construction co-op, art school or lifelong learning center to inquire about donating extra mineral spirits.You can extend the life of the spirits if you must get rid of them.
Disposing of Mineral Spirits
Call your local city commissioner's or council office to inquire about a hazardous materials waste disposal event.Many cities host disposal days to limit the amount of pollution in the environment. They are occasionally free of charge or sponsored by a local business.
Take the kitty litter/paint residue combination in your household trash.
Call your local landfill to see if they handle hazardous waste.If you must get rid of it, you can leave it in its original container and pay a small fee to have a local agency dispose of it properly.
Pour extra solvent into a container of kitty litter and take it to your local landfill.Disclose the contents and pay a fee as requested to avoid groundwater contamination.
Don't dispose of oily rags or paintbrushes in the trashcan.They can ignite. Buy a special oily waste disposal can and clean them thoroughly with solvent, then soap and water.
- You can also try to turn in your oily waste disposal container to a hazardous waste disposal event.
Leave empty containers open to dry.You can dispose of the container at a recycling center. Remaining residue will not affect the recycling process.
QuestionCan I put used paper towels soaked with mineral spirits in the trash?wikiHow ContributorCommunity AnswerYes, you can, but I personally soak the towels with water before dumping them, it makes it safer and there's less chance of combustion.Thanks!
How would I dispose of a plastic container with residual white spirit in it?
I spilled mineral spirit in the kitchen sink. Is it harmful?
What can I use to clean my drain from mineral spirits?
Can I mix paint thinner and mineral spirits to reuse or dispose?
- Buy a special flammables storage cabinet. You can keep flammable paints, rags, brushes and solvents safe.
- Never pour mineral spirits down the drains or into the sewers. It can contaminate the groundwater.
- Beware that mineral spirits can't be poured onto the ground or into the garbage can. They can only be disposed of properly at a waste management event or facility.
Things You'll Need
Inflammable paint storage container
Oil waste disposal bucket
Solvent-safe plastic storage bucket
Sources and Citations
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