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A DOUBLE CONE WITH RUNNER
Number in the past inventory 2883 Number in the current inventory 72
INSTRUMENT: A DOUBLE CONE WITH RUNNER
Age: beginning of the twentieth century
Creator: /
Materials: Brass, wood
Size: (22.6 x 18.6 x 10.5) mm
State of conservation: Good
Information: From the information contained in the old inventory register, found in the school, the instrument is said to have been added to the inventory with the number 2883 on 26th June 1928 priced at 450 liras.
Description: The instrument consists of a triangular runner (an inclined plane with diverging sides) the sides of which are of the same length; they form two brass tracks supported at the top by a wooden leg (3.2); the base of the triangle consists of a shaped wooden rod (6,1) that holds the bars allowing the sliding of a double cone (Ø8 x 19). Each apex of the wooden double cone has a little rod that allows the housing of the instrument in a rest position in the two grooves that are located at the upper end of the bars.
Use: This instrument is used to determine the force required to balance the weight force as the inclination of the plane varies.
Learn more
Between the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, physicists from research laboratories got involved in the building of instruments that would astonish and instruct at the same time, demonstrating the laws of physics even though in the eyes of the observer the instrument seemed to break them (mechanical paradox). Among these the most well known is the double cone.
This instrument consists of two divergent and uphill tracks supporting two cones adhered at the bases. The double cone placed at the top of the slide starts to roll spontaneously (moved by gravity only, without any push), going up the tracks that support it and at the end of its movement it arrives at the top of the uphill (as you can see in the picture).
But how can we explain this phenomenon? This instrument behaves abnormally only apparently: experience teaches us that any body placed at the top of any slide falls down. This is because the center of gravity of every body is inevitably drawn towards the center of the earth, as the law of motion of the center of gravity says ("The motion of a continuous system of material points subjected to external forces is determined only by the motion of its center of gravity, including the entire mass of the system and is subjected to the resultant of the external forces"). And the double cone is not an exception! In fact the law does not refer to all the points constituting the body but it concerns only its center of gravity; therefore only the center of gravity must be observed. In fact, although apparently the totality of the points of the body goes uphill, the center of the mass goes down, consistently with the theorem described above, since the tracks diverge more and more while it is going up.
This can be schematized as a continuous system of material points, therefore the body is moved only by gravity, with negligible frictional forces.
The eye instinctively notices the "general" motion of the body focusing on the tracks and in particular on their inclination regarding the rolling of the body along them, while we must consider only the motion of the center of gravity of the solid.
As a conclusion: a paradox? Yes, it is, but absolutely logical!
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spreg.TSLS
class spreg.TSLS(y, x, yend, q, w=None, robust=None, gwk=None, sig2n_k=False, spat_diag=False, vm=False, name_y=None, name_x=None, name_yend=None, name_q=None, name_w=None, name_gwk=None, name_ds=None)[source]
Two stage least squares with results and diagnostics.
Parameters
yarray
nx1 array for dependent variable
xarray
Two dimensional array with n rows and one column for each independent (exogenous) variable, excluding the constant
yendarray
Two dimensional array with n rows and one column for each endogenous variable
qarray
Two dimensional array with n rows and one column for each external exogenous variable to use as instruments (note: this should not contain any variables from x)
wpysal W object
Spatial weights object (required if running spatial diagnostics)
robuststring
If 'white', then a White consistent estimator of the variance-covariance matrix is given. If 'hac', then a HAC consistent estimator of the variance-covariance matrix is given. Default set to None.
gwkpysal W object
Kernel spatial weights needed for HAC estimation. Note: matrix must have ones along the main diagonal.
sig2n_kboolean
If True, then use n-k to estimate sigma^2. If False, use n.
spat_diagboolean
If True, then compute Anselin-Kelejian test (requires w)
vmboolean
If True, include variance-covariance matrix in summary results
name_ystring
Name of dependent variable for use in output
name_xlist of strings
Names of independent variables for use in output
name_yendlist of strings
Names of endogenous variables for use in output
name_qlist of strings
Names of instruments for use in output
name_wstring
Name of weights matrix for use in output
name_gwkstring
Name of kernel weights matrix for use in output
name_dsstring
Name of dataset for use in output
Examples
We first need to import the needed modules, namely numpy to convert the data we read into arrays that spreg understands and pysal to perform all the analysis.
>>> import numpy as np
>>> import libpysal
Open data on Columbus neighborhood crime (49 areas) using libpysal.io.open(). This is the DBF associated with the Columbus shapefile. Note that libpysal.io.open() also reads data in CSV format; since the actual class requires data to be passed in as numpy arrays, the user can read their data in using any method.
>>> db = libpysal.io.open(libpysal.examples.get_path("columbus.dbf"),'r')
Extract the CRIME column (crime rates) from the DBF file and make it the dependent variable for the regression. Note that PySAL requires this to be an numpy array of shape (n, 1) as opposed to the also common shape of (n, ) that other packages accept.
>>> y = np.array(db.by_col("CRIME"))
>>> y = np.reshape(y, (49,1))
Extract INC (income) vector from the DBF to be used as independent variables in the regression. Note that PySAL requires this to be an nxj numpy array, where j is the number of independent variables (not including a constant). By default this model adds a vector of ones to the independent variables passed in, but this can be overridden by passing constant=False.
>>> X = []
>>> X.append(db.by_col("INC"))
>>> X = np.array(X).T
In this case we consider HOVAL (home value) is an endogenous regressor. We tell the model that this is so by passing it in a different parameter from the exogenous variables (x).
>>> yd = []
>>> yd.append(db.by_col("HOVAL"))
>>> yd = np.array(yd).T
Because we have endogenous variables, to obtain a correct estimate of the model, we need to instrument for HOVAL. We use DISCBD (distance to the CBD) for this and hence put it in the instruments parameter, 'q'.
>>> q = []
>>> q.append(db.by_col("DISCBD"))
>>> q = np.array(q).T
We are all set with the preliminars, we are good to run the model. In this case, we will need the variables (exogenous and endogenous) and the instruments. If we want to have the names of the variables printed in the output summary, we will have to pass them in as well, although this is optional.
>>> reg = TSLS(y, X, yd, q, name_x=['inc'], name_y='crime', name_yend=['hoval'], name_q=['discbd'], name_ds='columbus')
>>> print reg.betas
[[ 88.46579584]
 [ 0._PHONE_ ]
 [ -1.58216593]]
Attributes
summarystring
Summary of regression results and diagnostics (note: use in conjunction with the print command)
betasarray
kx1 array of estimated coefficients
uarray
nx1 array of residuals
predyarray
nx1 array of predicted y values
ninteger
Number of observations
kinteger
Number of variables for which coefficients are estimated (including the constant)
kstarinteger
Number of endogenous variables.
yarray
nx1 array for dependent variable
xarray
Two dimensional array with n rows and one column for each independent (exogenous) variable, including the constant
yendarray
Two dimensional array with n rows and one column for each endogenous variable
qarray
Two dimensional array with n rows and one column for each external exogenous variable used as instruments
zarray
nxk array of variables (combination of x and yend)
harray
nxl array of instruments (combination of x and q)
robuststring
Adjustment for robust standard errors
mean_yfloat
Mean of dependent variable
std_yfloat
Standard deviation of dependent variable
vmarray
Variance covariance matrix (kxk)
pr2float
Pseudo R squared (squared correlation between y and ypred)
utufloat
Sum of squared residuals
sig2float
Sigma squared used in computations
std_errarray
1xk array of standard errors of the betas
z_statlist of tuples
z statistic; each tuple contains the pair (statistic, p-value), where each is a float
ak_testtuple
Anselin-Kelejian test; tuple contains the pair (statistic, p-value)
name_ystring
Name of dependent variable for use in output
name_xlist of strings
Names of independent variables for use in output
name_yendlist of strings
Names of endogenous variables for use in output
name_zlist of strings
Names of exogenous and endogenous variables for use in output
name_qlist of strings
Names of external instruments
name_hlist of strings
Names of all instruments used in ouput
name_wstring
Name of weights matrix for use in output
name_gwkstring
Name of kernel weights matrix for use in output
name_dsstring
Name of dataset for use in output
titlestring
Name of the regression method used
sig2nfloat
Sigma squared (computed with n in the denominator)
sig2n_kfloat
Sigma squared (computed with n-k in the denominator)
hthfloat
\(H'H\)
hthifloat
\((H'H)^{-1}\)
varbarray
\((Z'H (H'H)^{-1} H'Z)^{-1}\)
zthhthiarray
\(Z'H(H'H)^{-1}\)
pfora1a2array
\(n(zthhthi)'varb\)
__init__(self, y, x, yend, q, w=None, robust=None, gwk=None, sig2n_k=False, spat_diag=False, vm=False, name_y=None, name_x=None, name_yend=None, name_q=None, name_w=None, name_gwk=None, name_ds=None)[source]
Initialize self. See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.
Methods
__init__(self, y, x, yend, q[, w, robust, …])
Initialize self.
Attributes
mean_y
pfora1a2
sig2


The Basics of Applying for Legal Aid in Victoria
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Lady JusticeWritten by Amelia Ramsay, Associate, Doogue + George Defence Lawyers
How am I going to afford a lawyer? Can I get legal aid to help me pay for legal representation? These are usually some of the earliest questions that arise when someone has been charged with a criminal offence and needs to go to Court. Here is some information about what you will need to apply for legal aid in Victoria and some information about eligibility.
The Application Process
When you meet with your lawyer, you will need to ask them about applying for legal aid funding for your matter. What this means is that a lawyer will apply to Victoria Legal Aid on your behalf and ask them to fund part or all of your legal fees.
You will first need to complete an application form. Below is a link to the form. You may wish to complete the form in advance of your meeting with a lawyer or simply familiarise yourself with the questions you will be asked.
Lawyers who are familiar with legal aid in Victoria will generally conduct a preliminary means test with you when you first ask for legal aid. The main factor will be how much money you earn. If you earn over the threshold amount or have any large assets then a lawyer will generally advise that it is not worth making an application. However, there are some factors that will tilt the scales in favour of legal aid funding including whether you have children you support, debts, credit cards and loans. If the money going out is more than the money coming in, your lawyer may advise you to make an application.
Once the form is completed and necessary supporting documentation forwarded to Victoria Legal Aid, they will assess your application and provide a response. It may take a couple of weeks to receive a response depending on how complicated your financial situation is.
There are three main factors that determine your eligibility for legal aid assistance.
 1. Your financial situation using a means test;
 2. What your case is about; and
 3. The benefit you are likely to get from your legal case.
The means test considers:
 - money you get from work, Centrelink benefits or other sources
 - if you own anything of value, like a house or a car
 - your weekly living expenses.
The means test also looks at whether you support anyone else, or if they support you. Importantly, your partner's income and assets are usually included when determining whether you are eligible for assistance.
You will need to provide evidence to support what you tell your lawyer about your financial situation. This might include bank statements, loan documents or a rates notice – both yours and your partner's. If you receive a Centrelink benefit, you will be asked to provide authority for Victoria Legal Aid to contact Centrelink and obtain confirmation of your entitlements. The sooner your gather all this material together and provide it to your lawyer, the sooner your application will be processed. If you are able to provide copies during your first meeting with your lawyer, you are already winning.
To prepare, make a list of the income you receive whether it is from paid employment, rent paid to you or dividends from shares. Then make a list of all your expenditure, bills, loan repayments, credit card debts, your child's care or education or support and what you spend on food.
Secondly, what your case is about will determine whether you are eligible for legal aid funding. This includes whether your charges are summary or indictable; what type of charges – such as violence, dishonesty, sexual offences, homicide or terrorism; which Court you are required to attend; and whether you plan to plead guilty or not guilty.
Thirdly, the benefit you are likely to get from your legal case. Victoria Legal Aid wants to know that their financial assistance is going to make a difference to what happens with your matter. This does not mean you have to guarantee that you will win but there needs to be some sort of benefit. That may be shortening the length of a trial or the difference between a sentence involving imprisonment and a community-based order.
The main factor you need to be concerned with is your financial situation and providing evidence or documentation to support what you put in your application form. Your lawyer and Victoria Legal Aid will work out the rest.
If you are granted financial assistance in your matter, you must remember to report any changes to your income or financial situation during the life of your Court matter. In some cases, this could be for a few years. Similar to a Centrelink allowance, if you start earning more money it is likely that your funding will be reduced and if you fail to report the change, you may be asked to repay money down the track.
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source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


the processing is passed back to the previous Action, including all already inserted form data. Extbase reads the necessary information from the hidden fields __referrer. In our case the Method newAction() is called again. In contrast to the first call, Extbase now tries to create an (invalid) Offer Object from the form data, and to pass it to the Method in $newOffer. Due to the annotation @Extbase\IgnoreValidation("newOffer") Extbase this time accepts the invalid object and displays the form once more. Formerly filled in data is put in the fields again and the previously saved error message is displayed if the template is intending so.
../_images/figure-7-1.png
Figure 7-1: Wrong input in the form of an offer leads to an error message (in this case a modal JavaScript window)
Tip
Standard error messages of Extbase are not yet localized in Version 1.2 (TYPO3 4.4). In section "Localize error messages" in chapter 8, we describe a possibility to translate them too, though.
Using the hidden field __trustedProperties, the Extbase property mapper compares the incoming property data with the one that are allowed. If the request contains data for non whitelisted properties, the property mapper throws an exception.
Using the \TYPO3\CMS\Extbase\Annotation\IgnoreValidation("parameterName") annotation, you tell Extbase that the argument is not to be validated. If the argument is an Object, the validation of its properties is also bypassed.
Flow Pattern "Editing an existing Domain Object"
The flow pattern we now present you, is quite similar to the previous one. We again need two action Methods, which this time we call editAction() and updateAction(). The Method editAction() provides the form for editing, while updateAction() updates the Object in the Repository. In contrast to newAction() it is not necessary to pass an organization to the Method editAction(). It is sufficient to pass the offer to be edited as an Argument.
<?php
declare(strict_types = 1);
namespace MyVendor\SjrOffers\Controller;
use TYPO3\CMS\Extbase\Annotation as Extbase;
use TYPO3\CMS\Extbase\Mvc\Controller\ActionController;
class OfferController extends ActionController
{
 // ...
 /**
 * @param \MyVendor\SjrOffers\Domain\Model\Offer $offer The existing, unmodified offer
 * @return string Form for editing the existing organization
 * @Extbase\IgnoreValidation("offer")
 */
 public function editAction(\MyVendor\SjrOffers\Domain\Model\Offer $offer)
 {
 $this->view->assign('offer', $offer);
 $this->view->assign('regions', $this->regionRepository->findAll());
 }
 // ...
}
Note once again the annotation @Extbase\IgnoreValidation("offer"). The Method updateAction() receives the changed offer and updates it in the repository. Afterwards a new request is started and the organization is shown with its updated offers.
/**
 * @param \MyVendor\SjrOffers\Domain\Model\Offer $offer The modified offer
 * @return void
 */
public function updateAction(\MyVendor\SjrOffers\Domain\Model\Offer $offer)
{
 $this->offerRepository->update($offer);
 $this->redirect('show', 'Organization', NULL, ['organization' => $offer->getOrganization()]);
}
Warning
Do not forget to explicitly update the changed Domain Object using update(). Extbase will not do this automatically for you, for doing so could lead to unexpected results. For example if you have to manipulate the incoming Domain Object inside your Action Method.
At this point we have to ask ourselves how to prevent unauthorized changes of our Domain data. The organization and offer data are not to be changed by all visitors after all. So an administrator is allocated to each organization, authorized to change the data of that organization. The administrator can change the contact data of the organization, create and delete offers and contact persons as well as edit existing offers. Securing against unauthorized access can be done on different levels:
 - On the level of TYPO3, access to the page and/or plugin is prohibited.
 - Inside the Action, it is checked, if access is authorized. In our case it has to be checked if the administrator of the organization is logged in.
 - In the template, links to Actions, to which the frontend user has no access are blinded out.
Of these three levels, only the first two offer reliable protection. We do not take a closer look on the first level in this book. You can find detailed information for setting up permissions in your TYPO3 system in the Core API. The second level, we are going to implement in all "critical" Actions. Let's look at an example with the Method updateAction().
use TYPO3\CMS\Core\Utility\GeneralUtility;
use \MyVendor\SjrOffers\Service\AccessControlService;
public function initializeAction()
{
 $this->accessControlService = GeneralUtility::makeInstance(AccessControlService::class);
}
public function updateAction(\MyVendor\SjrOffers\Domain\Model\Offer $offer)
{
 $administrator = $offer->getOrganization()->getAdministrator();
 if ($this->accessControlService->isLoggedIn($administrator)) {
 $this->offerRepository->update($offer);
 } else {
 $this->flashMessages->add('Please sign in.');
 }
 $this->redirect('show', 'Organization', NULL, ['organization' => $offer->getOrganization()]);
}
We ask a previously instantiated AccessControlService if the administrator of the organization responsible for the offer is logged in the frontend. If yes, we do update the offer. If no, an error message is generated, which is displayed in the subsequently called organization overview.
Extbase does not yet offer an API for access control. We therefore implement an AccessControlService on ourselves. The description of the class is to be found in the file EXT:sjr_offers/Classes/Service/AccessControlService.php.
<?php
namespace MyVendor\SjrOffers\Service;
use TYPO3\CMS\Core\SingletonInterface;
class AccessControlService implements SingletonInterface
{
 public function isLoggedIn($person = NULL)
 {
 if (is_object($person)) {
 if ($person->getUid() === $this->getFrontendUserUid()) {
 return TRUE;
 }
 }
 return FALSE;
 }
 public function getFrontendUserUid()
 {
 if($this->hasLoggedInFrontendUser() && !empty($GLOBALS['TSFE']->fe_user->
 user['uid'])) {
 return intval($GLOBALS['TSFE']->fe_user->user['uid']);
 }
 return NULL;
 }
 public function hasLoggedInFrontendUser()
 {
 return $GLOBALS['TSFE']->loginUser === 1 ? TRUE : FALSE;
 }
}
The third level can easily be bypassed by manually typing the link or the form data. It therefore only reduces the confusion for honest visitors and the stimulus for the bad ones. Let's take a short look on this snippet from a template:
{namespace sjr=MyVendor\SjrOffers\ViewHelpers}
<!-- ... -->
<sjr:security.ifAuthenticated person="{organization.administrator}">
 <f:link.action controller="Offer" action="edit" arguments="{...}">
 <f:image src="EXT:sjr_offers/Resources/Public/Icons/edit.gif" alt="edit" />
 </f:link.action>
 <!-- ... -->
</sjr:security.ifAuthenticated>
Tip
A Service is often used to implement functionalities that are needed on multiple places in your extensions and are not related to one Domain Object.
Services are often stateless. In this context that means that their function does not depend on previous access. This does not rule out dependency to the "


text:
White clay responsibly sourced in the Amazon
Amazonian White Clay
Edition Date :
October 17, 2022
The Amazonian White Clay is a 100% natural material made of very thin silicate particles. It is extracted from the Amazon rivers mouth banks by local communities who are also responsible for the clay drying and homogenization. The entire production process takes place with fair trade precepts, to guarantee good practices at all stages of the production chain, including commitment to social and environmental responsibility through traceability, monitoring, continuous improvements, updated procedures and risk and impact assessments. To ensure the implementation and commitment to social and environmental responsibility, the Amazonian White Clay is Fair for Life certified. Producers and processors are progressing in the same direction: raising the bar of labour and environmental conditions, and promoting sustainable development both locally and down their supply-chains.
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- Cream, Lotion
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text:
OTHER COMMON NAMES: FLOWERING ASH, FRESNO
BOTANICAL NAME: Fraxinus cuspidata
PRONUNCIATION: FRAK-suh-nus cus-pi-DA-tah
FAMILY: Oleaceae (Olive Family)
TYPE: Deciduous ornamental tree
HEIGHT: 10 to 20 feet
SPREAD: 8 to 12 feet
FINAL SPACING: 8 to 15 feet
NATURAL HABITAT AND PREFERRED SITE: It grows naturally in the canyons of the Devils and Pecos Rivers along the Rio Grande
in Val Verde County and on the western Edward's Plateau. It primarily grows in the Trans-Pecos and far west Texas on mountain slopes and in canyons, primarily rocky soil conditions.
IDENTIFICATION INFORMATION: Fragrant ash has white flowers that are very fragrant - the only ash with this kind of flowers. It is more shrubby than tree like and has long thin leaflets on compound leaves.
FLOWERS AND FRUIT: Flowers have four white petals that appear as the leaves first emerge in the spring and are born on clusters 3 or 4 inches long. In the spring fragrant ash seem to be completely covered with a white blanket of flowers. Bloom period is generally in the spring from April to May. The fruit is drooping panicles of long samaras on slender stems. The foliage is compound leaves 3 to 6 inches long made up of 5 to 7 leaflets which are delicate and narrow.
BARK: The bark is smooth and white to medium gray. On old trunks the bark starts breaking into short scales and irregular fissures.
CULTURE: Fragrant ash will grow equally well in slightly alkaline limestone soils or slightly acidic igneous soils. It even does well in the heavy black clay soils.
PROBLEMS: Availability in the nursery trade is the biggest problem.
PROPAGATION: Best grown from seed. The seed may be planted in the fall immediately after harvest or in the spring after storing at 41 degrees.
INSIGHT: This gorgeous tree is at least as showy as flowering dogwood and should be planted much more in Texas.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Getting Started with the Actions SDK
This document guides you through deploying a simple Conversation Action that uses SSML. The action asks you to say a number and it speaks it back to you as an ordinal (for example, if you say "1", the action says "first").
Setup your environment
This tutorial assumes you're using Google Cloud Functions, but you can use any web hosting platform to deploy your Conversation Action fulfillment logic.
 1. Download and install Node.js
 2. Download, install, and initialize the Google Cloud SDK.
 3. Download gactions and save it to a directory we'll refer to as <sdk-dir>
 4. Go to the Google Cloud Console projects page. Select a project if you already have one you want to use or create a new project to host your fulfillment logic. Make a note of the project ID, because it is used for configuration and deployment.
 5. Enable billing for your project. See the console's help center for more information.
 6. Create a Storage Bucket for your Google Developer Project. Make a note of the storage bucket name.
Get the sample and client library
To get the the sample and client library, run the following commands:
git clone _URL_
cd actionssdk-say-number-nodejs
npm install
Deploy fulfillment and preview the action package
Previewing the action package lets you make it available in a staging area that's only available to the account that is logged in to the gactions tool. To do this, you need to deploy fulfillment to a web server and then preview the action package with the gactions CLI.
 1. Deploy the Node.js Cloud Function for fulfillment with the following commands:
 cd actionssdk-say-number-nodejs
 gcloud beta functions deploy sayNumber --trigger-http --stage-bucket <storage_bucket_name>

 You can read server logs with
 gcloud beta functions logs read

 2. Modify the action.json file in the following places:
 - agentInfo.projectId - Specify your Google developer project ID
 - httpExecution.url - Specify fulfillment URL of the deployed Node.js Cloud Function from step 1
 3. Run the following commands from the actionssdk-say-number-nodejs directory:
 <sdk-dir>/gactions preview -action_package=action.json -invocation_name="my action"

 You should receive a message to authorize gactions to access your account and Google developer project. Follow the onscreen instructions to do so.
 4. Preview the action package by running the following command:
 <sdk-dir>/gactions simulate

 5. Enter talk to my action to invoke the action.
Sample Explanation
The following directory structure describes the important files for this sample:
<sdk-dir>
|- gactions
|- <sample-dir>
 |- actions-on-google.js - Node.js client library
 |- action.json - The action package that defines your actions
 |- index.js - The fulfillment logic for Google Cloud Functions
 |- package.json - Node.js metadata
The two most important files are index.js and action.json, the two main parts of this Conversation Action.
 - action.json - This action package defines one action with an initialTrigger that declares a "assistant.intent.action.MAIN" intent (required for every action package). This intent is triggered when you say "talk to my action".
 When the main intent is triggered, the Google Assistant hands off the user experience to the Conversation Action, and the action welcomes the user.
 - index.js - There are two main functions in the fulfillment logic. mainIntent() handles the StandardIntents.MAIN intent being triggered and welcomes the user. The other function, rawInput(), processes the StandardIntents.TEXT intent. If a user says a number, the action speaks it back as an ordinal (for example, if a user says "one", the action speaks back "first"). If the user says "bye", the action quits.


text:
Job Description: Resident Assistant
A significant amount of the education one receives while a college student takes place outside the formal classroom setting. Gonzaga University believes strongly in this fact and is thus committed to providing an intentional and significant residential experience for students. For students in University residence halls, this learning is influenced much of the time by the personal relationships, the environment, and the programs developed in one's hall. Residence Life staff members are selected based on their maturity, leadership qualities, experience and interest in maximizing the experience of GU students and staff.
As a part time member of the Division of Student Development, the residence hall staff member is the representative of the University who interacts most directly with campus students. The role of each staff member is to work collaboratively to develop an environment in their assigned community, block, and across campus which is conducive to academic achievement, good scholarship and intellectual stimulation while promoting the integration of social, emotional, life-planning, political, identity, cultural, and spiritual growth. To do all this requires energy, self-discipline, the ability to observe, a knowledge of resources to assist in performance of the job, effective communication skills, the ability to establish good rapport and a sense of commitment to the mission and goals of the University, Division of Student Development, Office of Housing and Residence Life and their particular staff team.
The residence life staff position is part job and part campus leader. Persons selected to become RAs bring abilities in the areas of 1) Interpersonal Skills, 2) Personal Leadership Development, 3) Cognitive Complexity, and 4) Intercultural Competence. Additionally they can expect to be challenged to grow in these areas. Students selected to become RAs will be expected by their colleagues, supervisors and the Department to fulfill the duties of the position. Conversely, RAs can expect to receive ongoing training and support in order to be as successful as possible for themselves and for their residents.
The following position description outlines specific expectations of RAs and defines them within each of the above mentioned areas.
This is defined by a sense of personal self-awareness and an understanding of how an individual impacts others in their circle of influence (including supervisors, team members, residents, the GU community, and persons outside the campus). Expectations in this area include:
1. Effective verbal, non-verbal, and written communication
a. Meeting regularly in 1-1 setting with supervising RD and ARD
b. Building personal relationships with a diverse population of residents
c. Responding articulately and promptly to email communication
2. An understanding of and an ability to implement positive and respectful conflict resolution techniques
a. Working proactively to mediate roommate and interpersonal conflicts among residents
3. The ability to actively reflect on and propose solutions to complex problems
a. Confronting violations of the Ethos statement and Code of Conduct in an unbiased and caring manner
b. Working collaboratively with students in actual and perceived crisis and communicating with appropriate persons
4. A developed "welcoming spirit" that exudes approachability to all persons in all situations
a. Demonstrate a personable and confident attitude toward others
b. Encourage the building of relationships between residents and among community members
Personal Leadership Development
This is defined by having the ability to articulate one's leadership style and how that may impact roles on staff, in class, and in future vocational opportunities. Expectations in this area include:
1. Effectively managing time commitments and successfully navigating the expectations of each of these commitments whether they are academic, personal, co-curricular, or position related
a. Committing to less than 10 hours per week in non-RA leadership positions or outside employment
b. Maintaining a 2.5 cumulative GPA throughout time on staff
c. Prioritizing required campus-wide staff meetings, block meetings, 1-1 meetings, and responsibilities with block council and RHA
d. Complete rounds on designated duty weekday and weekend nights
2. An ability to maintain personal balance in mind, body, and spirit
3. An acute sense of self-awareness that reflects the ability to identify how ones personal strengths and weaknesses may positively or negatively impact relationships and work situations
4. An ethical congruency between stated personal values and actions.
a. Role modeling community standards, strong personal values, and positive relationships
5. A servant leadership approach to the on-campus residents, the greater GU campus, the Spokane community, and the world in which we live.
a. Encourage resident participation in hall, building, Gonzaga and Spokane communities
b. Develop programs using the Residence Life model of YOU, YOU and Your Community, YOU and Your World, YOU and Your Spirituality
This is defined by the capacity to comprehend complex systems and follow logical progressions to desired outcomes. Expectations in this area include:
1. Understanding and being able to navigate systems
a. Brainstorming, developing, implementing and evaluating a minimum of 8 programs per semester
b. Assisting RD and other staff in building openings and closings each semester
c. Maintaining in-semester resident check-in and check-out information as needed
d. Overseeing hall facilities and amenities during the academic year
2. Comprehending training exercises and being able to apply knowledge to correctly follow departmental and university procedures
a. Actively participating in weekly staff meetings, development opportunities and evaluative processes
b. Enrolling in RA Class in Spring Semester prior to 1st semester on-staff
c. Attending mandatory Fall Training in August and Winter Retreat in January
3. A developing ability to identify and utilize internal and external resources for discovering additional information, learning new skills and solving problems
a. Recognizing students in crisis or those who exhibit concerning behaviors
b. Synthesizing and reporting student issues or building wide concerns to appropriate University officials
This is defined by an acceptance of, an appreciation for, and an ability to communicate with people different from oneself. Expectations in this area include:
1. Searching for one's own spirituality and a recognition of the role that spirituality plays in the lives of others
a. Gaining an understanding of the Jesuit history, legacy and mission of Gonzaga University
2. An openness to diversity of all kinds and a willingness to engage others in dialogue about issues of diversity
a. Showing a curiosity and desire to know residents of all backgrounds, experiences, beliefs or culture
3. A growing understanding of cross-cultural concerns and how cultural differences affect understanding, patterns of thinking, and personal behavior
a. Ensuring that students from different backgrounds, experiences, belief systems or cultures understand Gonzaga, its ways, systems and beliefs.
4. An ability to challenge biased and other unacceptable behavior toward others
a. Actively confronting and reporting all incidents of bias
* Maintain a cumulative GPA of 2.50 or higher while on staff
* Live in assigned on-campus residence for full academic year (excluding Winter Break).
* Be enrolled as a full-time student (12 undergraduate credits or 6 graduate credits)
* Follow all guidelines and expectations found in the GU Student Handbook, Housing Contract, RA Contract and RA Manual
* Complete 2 semester as a residential student at Gonzaga or other University prior to beginning work as a RA.
* Hold less than 10 hours of extracurricular leadership activities or outside employment per week (candidates who will be student teaching, have an off-campus academic internship or practicum may apply, however the significant time expectations of these experiences will be taking into consideration during the hiring process)
A designated Residence Director (RD) or Graduate Residence Director (GRD) supervises each RA staff member. There are set number of blocks on campus that have a corresponding RD, Assistant Residence Director (ARD), and Resident Assistants (RAs). The RD and ARD work collaboratively in the management and supervision of facilities, residents, and RAs. Because each block has different needs and different people bring unique skills and passions to the position, the duties of a RA may vary slightly across blocks.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
The quality of education in infant and toddler centres
Early childhood education is a highly diverse sector that includes many different philosophies and approaches to the education and care of young children.
All ERO education reviews in the early childhood sector focus on the quality of education. For ERO this includes the quality of:
- the programme provided for children;
- the learning environment; and
- the interactions between children and adults.
In this report, ERO based its introductory statements and findings about the programme, learning environment and interactions on a set of evaluation indicators published by ERO4, references to provision for infants and toddlers in Te Whāriki, and signposts and explanations of the Revised Statement of Desirable Objectives and Practices (DOPs) published by the Ministry of Education.5


text:
To explore the value of speech input focus for handling notifications, we built and deployed SpeechToast, an Outlook Add-in that replaces standard email notifications with a version that includes speech input commands (e.g. "open", "delete"). Notifications shown by SpeechToast have speech input focus when the audio context surrounding the computer is favorable for speech recognition. We deployed SpeechToast to 18 current users of email notifications for 4 weeks. Overall, speech input focus appealed to some participants, while non-users indicated their willingness to have it enabled as long as it did not detract from their experience. Our research suggests that selectively enabling speech input focus could provide natural and intuitive interactions that complement other input modalities
To submit an update or takedown request for this paper, please submit an Update/Correction/Removal Request.


How to create a new Screen
Suppose you already have a migrated application with the following project structure:
 - Back-end
 - App1
 - Form0.cs
 - Form1.cs
 - Front-end
 - app1-angular
 - app1
 - Form0
 - form0.component.ts
 - form0.component.html
 - form0.component.css
 - Form1
 - form1.component.ts
 - form1.component.html
 - form1.component.css
 - index.ts
 - app1.module.ts
 - component_definitions.ts
And you want to implement the following user story:
As a user, I want to be able to navigate to a new screen, in which I can click on a button and then a label shows the text: "Hello World".
Based on the user story described above, the screen should be like the following image:
And after clicking the button, it should be like this:
In order to implement this user story, you will have to do the following things:
 1. Create the screen Form2.cs in back-end code.
 2. Create the screen in front-end code and export the new screen. The new screen consists on the following components:
 - form2.component.html
 - form2.component.ts
 - form2.component.css
1. Back-end: Create the screen Form2.cs
Please follow the following steps: First, we have to create the class Form2.cs, add the ObservableAttribute to the class in order to keep the class within the WebMAP's life cycle. Then make the class extend from Mobilize.Web.Form in order to inherit all the necessary properties and functionalities that is needed in any new screen.
[Observable]
public class Form2 : Mobilize.Web.Form
{
 public Form2()
 {
 }
}
Once we have the class created, we can start adding the functionality that we want for this screen. For this user story, we'll need to use some predefined controls that Mobilize already provides to us such as:
 - Mobilize.Web.Button
 - Mobilize.Web.Label
 - Mobilize.Web.RadioButton
 - Mobilize.Web.CheckBox
 - Mobilize.Web.TextBox
 - Mobilize.Web.TreeView
 - Mobilize.Web.DataGridView
 - Mobilize.Web.PictureBox
 - Mobilize.Web.Panel
For more details of the list of predefined controls, please refer to the section of API.
So, in this screen, lets use a Mobilize.Web.Button and a Mobilize.Web.Label defining them as properties and instantiate them inside the constructor.
[Observable]
public class Form2 : Mobilize.Web.Form
{
 public Form2()
 {
 this.label1 = new Mobilize.Web.Label();
 this.button1 = new Mobilize.Web.Button();
 this.label1.Name = "label1";
 this.label1.Text = "label1";
 this.button1.Name = "button1";
 this.button1.Text = "button1";
 this.button1.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.button1_Click);
 this.Controls.Add(this.label1);
 this.Controls.Add(this.button1);
 this.Name = "app.Form2";
 this.Text = "Form2";
 }
 private void button1_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
 {
 this.label1.Text = "Hello World";
 }
 [Mobilize.WebMAP.Common.Attributes.Intercepted]
 private Mobilize.Web.Label label1 { get; set; }
 [Mobilize.WebMAP.Common.Attributes.Intercepted]
 private Mobilize.Web.Button button1 { get; set; }
}
Please note the following details:
 1. The properties' accessibility could be private, protected or public based on your needs
 2. The properties must have the InterceptedAttribute if you want the property be kept throughout the requests.
 3. The click event of the button1 is bound to the Click EventHandler, when someone clicks on the button in front-end, it will trigger a request, and it should step into the button1_Click method.
2. Front-end: Create the typescript, html, css and export the new screen.
2.1 Add a new folder
Lets create a new folder for Form2 that will contain the typescript angular component, the html and the css for the form. The folder structure would be as below:
 - Front-end
 - app1-angular
 - Form0
 - ...
 - Form1
 - ...
 - Form2
 - ...
2.2 Create Typescript angular component
Lets create the angular typescript component form2.component.ts :
import { Component, ChangeDetectorRef, ElementRef, Output, Renderer2, ViewEncapsulation } from '@angular/core';
import { EventData, dataTransfer} from '@mobilize/base-components';
import { FormComponent } from '@mobilize/winforms-components';
import { WebMAPService } from '@mobilize/angularclient';
@Component({
 selector: 'app-form2',
 styleUrls: ['./form2.component.css'],
 templateUrl: './form2.component.html',
 encapsulation: ViewEncapsulation.None
})
@dataTransfer(['frmapp.Form2'])
export class Form2Component extends FormComponent {
 protected webServices: WebMAPService;
 constructor( wmservice: WebMAPService, changeDetector: ChangeDetectorRef, render2: Renderer2, elem: ElementRef) {
 super(wmservice, changeDetector, render2, elem);
 }
}
In the code above, we need to import some core components given by angular, and we also need to import FormComponent to inherit the properties and functionalities of any screen. Besides, we need to import WebMAPService for the basic delta synchronization and sending requests to WebMAP Back-end.
Besides, we just need to create a class Form2Component (this name follows the angular naming conventions), and the dataTransfer attribute is a decorator is used to register the types of the controls that are going to be displayed dynamically.
2.3 Create the html
First, we need to create a html file: form2.component.html In order to bind with the back-end Form2 class, lets insert the following standard for creating any new html screens:

 ...

The html above is using a wm-window, which is a Mobilize Front-end generic component for supporting the System.Widows.Forms.
Second, we will need to bind with the button1 and label1 that we have previously defined in the back-end code, so lets insert one front-end button html tag and label html tag: wm-button and wm-label.
The wm-button with id button1 has a two-way binding with model.button1 (this property binds automatically with the back-end's button1 property).
The wm-label with id label1 has a two-way binding with model.label1 (this property binds automatically with the back-end's button1 property).
The class attribute we defined like: app_Form2, button1 and label1 will be used in the css to bind with the styles.
NOTE: Please note that you can add any other html tags here for extending other functionalities you want. The most important thing is that you will need to bind it with some angular component.
2.3 Create the css
First, we need to create a html file: form2.component.css Then, we just have to define some styles as below:
.app_Form2 {
 /* you can add any other style here */
 left: -1px;
 top: -1px;
}
.app_Form2 .Form2 {
 /* you can add any other style here */
 width: 800px;
 height: 450px;
 overflow: hidden;
}
.app_Form2 .button1 {
 /* you can add any other style here */
 left: 31px;
 top: 23px;
 position: absolute;
 width: 75px;
 height: 23px;
 padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;
 display: table-cell;
 vertical-align: middle;
 display: table-cell;
}
.app_Form2 .label1 {
 /* you can add any other style here */
 white-space: nowrap;
 overflow: hidden;
 left: 28px;
 top: 61px;
 position: absolute;
 width: auto;
 height: auto;
}
NOTE: Please note that you can add any style that you want to personalize the look and feel for the new screen.
2.4 Exporting the new created component
To export the new component, we need to add


text:
A cable ferry (known as chain ferry, swing ferry, floating bridge, or punt) is a ferry that is guided (and in some cases propelled) across a river by cables connected to both shores. Early cable ferries used either rope or steel chains, with the latter resulting in the name "chain ferry". Both of these were replaced by wire cable in the 19th century.
Gallery[change | change source]
Malgas Ferry on the Breede River, Western Cape, South Africa
Other websites[change | change source]
- Twyford chain ferry Archived 2006-05-29 at the Wayback Machine on the River Trent,UK, 1899
- Cable ferries operating in New Brunswick, Canada Archived 2008-11-15 at the Wayback Machine


Silver Nemesis
Lady Peinforte
Fiona Walker
Silver Nemesis
click on images to enlarge
Lady PeinforteLady PeinforteLady PeinforteLady PeinforteLady Peinforte
Lady Peinforte was a seventeenth century noblewoman who sought the power of the Nemesis statue.
She had made the sculpture from the Gallifreyan substance Validium and in doing so, learned much about the Doctor.
She became aware not only of his alien heritage but a great deal more besides. However, the Doctor sent the statue into deep space to protect his secrets.
Peinforte time travelled to the twentieth century, knowing exactly when it was due to return.
She battled both the Cybermen and neo-Nazis for control of Nemesis, finally allowing her physical body to merge with the statue, which absorbed her completely. The statue, now resembling Lady Peinforte, launched itself into space, wiping out the Cybermen completely.
Although clearly a powerful and dangerous enemy, the exact circumstances that led to Lady Peinforte gaining such power are unclear, although the available evidence suggests that she was actually secretly aided by outside sources without her knowledge. An evil woman with arcane power and knowledge verging on witchcraft, at some point in the past, Lady Peinforte acquired a sample of Validium – a living metal created as the ultimate defence for Gallifrey back in the early days of Rassilon and Omega -, which she sculpted into a statue of herself carrying a bow and arrow, describing it as 'immaculate beauty carved in absolute evil'. The exact details of Lady Peinforte's first encounter with The Doctor are unknown, but it is known that it featured a battle between soldiers loyal to Lady Peinforte and Oliver Cromwell's Roundheads, culminating in The Doctor launching the Validium asteroid into space to prevent it from reaching critical mass, Lady Peinforte retaining the arrow while the bow was left in Windsor Castle until it vanished in 1788.
Back to Villians Directory
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Endowment Building Programs FAQ
Categories: Free Guides, Library
Download this free guide to gain insights on:
Fill out this form to gain insights on Endowment Building Programs:
 - Hidden
 - Hidden
 - Hidden
 - What is an endowment?
 - Who gives to a nonprofit endowment?
 - Will endowment fundraising conflict with donors' current giving?
 - How are the assets of the nonprofit endowment managed and invested?
 - What happens if we have an emergency and need the principal in the endowment?
 - Should all nonprofit organizations have an endowment?
 - How does an endowment fit into an overall organizational financial plan?
 - What is an endowment building program?
 - How is the program designed?
 - How long does it take to design an endowment building program?
 - How much does it cost?
 - What results should we expect?
 - How do we pick a consulting firm?


At the Forge - Cassandra
Exploring Your Keyspace
Restart Cassandra, and reconnect via the CLI. Then, type:
cassandra> show keyspaces
Your new keyspace, "People", now should appear in the list:
cassandra> show keyspaces
You can ask for a description of your keyspace:
cassandra> describe keyspace People
Column Family Type: Standard
Columns Sorted By: org.apache.cassandra.db.marshal.BytesType@1b22920
Column Family Type: Standard
Column Sorted By: org.apache.cassandra.db.marshal.BytesType
flush period: null minutes
You now can see that your People keyspace contains a single "Users" column family. With this in place, you can start to set and retrieve data:
cassandra> get People.Users['1']
Returned 0 results.
cassandra> set People.Users['1']['email'] = ''
cassandra> set People.Users['1']['first_name'] = 'Reuven'
cassandra> set People.Users['1']['last_name'] = 'Lerner'
In Cassandra-ese, you would say that you now have set three column values ('email', 'first_name' and 'last_name'), for one key ('1') under a single column family ("Users"), within a single Keyspace ("People"). If you're used to working with a language like Ruby or Python, you might feel a bit underwhelmed—after all, it looks like you just set a multilevel hash. But that makes sense, given that Cassandra is a super-version of a key-value store, right?
Now, let's try to retrieve the data. You can do that with the key:
cassandra> get People.Users['1']
=> (column=6c6173745f6e616d65, value=Lerner,
=> (column=66697273745f6e616d65, value=Reuven,
=> (column=656d61696c,,
Returned 3 results.
Notice how each column has its own unique ID and that the data was stored with a timestamp. Such timestamps are crucial when you are running multiple Cassandra nodes, and they update one another without your knowledge to achieve complete consistency.
You can add additional information too:
cassandra> set People.Users['2']['first_name'] = 'Atara'
cassandra> set People.Users['2']['last_name'] = 'Lerner-Friedman'
cassandra> set People.Users['2']['school'] = 'Yachad'
cassandra> set People.Users['3']['first_name'] = 'Shikma'
cassandra> set People.Users['3']['last_name'] = 'Lerner-Friedman'
cassandra> set People.Users['3']['school'] = 'Yachad'
Now you have information about three users, and as you can see, the columns that you used within the "Users" column family were not determined by the configuration file and can be added on the spot. Moreover, there is no rule saying that you must set a value for the "email" column; such enforcement doesn't exist in Cassandra. But what is perhaps most amazing to relational database veterans is that there isn't any way to retrieve all the values that have a last_name of 'Lerner-Friedman' or a school named 'Yachad'. Everything is based on the key (which I have set to an integer in this case); you can drill down, but not across, as it were.
You can ask Cassandra how many columns were set for a given key, but you won't know what columns those were:
cassandra> count People.Users['1']
3 columns
cassandra> count People.Users['2']
3 columns
However, if you're trying to store information about many users, and those users are going to be updating their information on a regular basis, Cassandra can be quite helpful.
Now that you've got the hang of columns, I'll mention a particularly interesting part of the Cassandra data model. Instead of defining columns, you instead can define "super columns". Each super column is just like a regular column, except it can contain multiple columns within it (rather than a name-value pair). In order to define a super column, set the ColumnType attribute in the storage-conf.xml file to "Super". For example:
Note that if you restart Cassandra with this changed definition, and then try to retrieve People.Users['1'], you'll probably get an error. That's because you effectively have changed the schema without changing the data, which always is a bad idea. Now you can store and retrieve finer-grained information:
cassandra> set People.Users['1']['address']['city'] = 'Modiin'
cassandra> get People.Users['1']['address']['city']
=> (column=63697479, value=Modiin, timestamp=1279026442675000)
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Acid-fast stain
The acid-fast stain is a laboratory test that determines if a sample of tissue, blood, or other body substance is infected with the bacteria that causes tuberculosis and other illnesses.
How the Test is Performed
Your health care provider will collect a sample of urine, stool, sputum, bone marrow, or tissue, depending on the location of the suspected infection.
The sample is then sent to a laboratory. There, some of the sample is placed on a glass slide, stained, and heated. The cells in the sample hold onto the dye. The slide is then washed with an acid solution and a different stain is applied.
Bacteria that hold onto the first dye are considered "acid-fast" because they resist the acid wash. This type of bacteria is associated with tuberculosis and other infections.
How to Prepare for the Test
Preparation depends on how the sample is collected. Your health care provider will tell you how to prepare.
How the Test will Feel
The amount of discomfort depends on how the sample is collected. Your health care provider will discuss this with you.
Why the Test is Performed
The test can tell if you are likely infected with the bacteria that causes tuberculosis and related infections.
Normal Results
A normal result means no acid-fast bacteria were found on the stained sample.
What Abnormal Results Mean
Abnormal results may be due to:
Risks depend on how the sample is collected. Ask your health provider to explain the risks and benefits of the medical procedure.
Reynolds J. Differential staining of bacteria: acid fast stain. Curr Protoc Microbiol. 2009; Appendix 3: Appendix 3H.
 - Call 911 for all medical emergencies.


Zigzag instability of biased pusher swimmers
Eric Lauga, Thanh Nghi Dang, Takuji Ishikawa
Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review
4 Citations (Scopus)
Abstract
Microorganisms self-propelling in a fluid create flow fields that impact the dynamics of other swimmers. Some organisms can be biased and have a preferred swimming direction, e.g., those displaying gyrotaxis, chemotaxis or phototaxis, and as a result often focus along thin lines. Here we use numerical computations and far-field theoretical calculations to show that the position of a collection of biased swimmers moving along a line is unstable to a zigzag mode when the swimmers act on the fluid as pusher dipoles. This instability takes the form of periodic transverse oscillations in the position of the swimmers. We predict theoretically that the most unstable wavelength is equal to twice the inter-swimmer distance and that the growth rate of the instability increases linearly with the magnitude of the stresslet, both of which are in quantitative agreement with our numerical simulations.
Original languageEnglish
Article number44002
JournalEurophysics Letters
Volume133
Issue number4
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 2021 Apr
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Dive into the research topics of 'Zigzag instability of biased pusher swimmers'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
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text:
Showing all 6 results
View of a crab underwater in the ocean
Image showing a picture of the moon close to the earth. Elements of this image furnished by NASA
Image of the earth from a rocky ground that could be the moon. parts of image furnished by NASA
Low view of a shark under the water.
seagull up in the sky looking around


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Go – How to get the maximum of difference of two number being first number as positive
Here, We will learn how to get the maximum of difference of two number being first number as positive in go. We can get it by using Dim() function in math package in go golang.
Function prototype:
func Dim(x, y float64) float64
Return value:
Dim() function in math package returns
maximum of x-y. If difference of x and y
or x is negative then it return 0.
Example with code:
package main
import (
 "fmt"
 "math"
)
func main() {
 no := math.Dim(5, -2)
 fmt.Printf("%.2f\n", no)
 no = math.Dim(-5, -2)
 fmt.Printf("%.2f\n", no)
 no = math.Dim(-5, 2)
 fmt.Printf("%.2f\n", no)
 no = math.Dim(5, -5)
 fmt.Printf("%.2f\n", no)
 no = math.Dim(-2, 5)
 fmt.Printf("%.2f\n", no)

}
Output:
7.00
0.00
0.00
10.00
0.00
To learn more about golang, Please refer given below link:
_URL_
References:
_URL_
_URL_
Posted in golang, math
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I have a mesh of triangles (navigation mesh), and a point in 3d space. This point should be "over" one of the triangles all the times. I'm trying to determine which triangle is the one the point is "over", but I can't quite figure it out.
I have found a way to tell if the point is in the triangle using one of the techniques described here, but I can't quite figure out how to project the point on the triangle (or the plane the triangle is in, for that matter). I've been looking online but I can't find anything helpful.
Does anyone know how to project a point onto a triangle (or plane)?
Also, if someone knows of a better way to test which triangle is the one the point is over, it would be appreciated.
share|improve this question

Do you mean "over" the triangle in the context of a fixed global "up"/"down" direction (i.e., is your nav mesh aligned to a plane at all times?), or do you want to know if the point is "over" the triangle in the sense that it would be inside the volume created by extending the triangle into a prism along it's normal / perpendicular to the surcace? In either case, you could use a projection matrix to reduce the problem from 3D to 2D, in one case you would just need to use one matrix, in the other one per triangle. – melak47 May 8 '12 at 10:19

I meant "over" as in extending the triangle into a prism along it's normal, I think in most cases the nav mesh will be aligned to a plane, but I don't want to limit my possibilities with this. – uorbe001 May 8 '12 at 10:44
add comment
1 Answer
up vote 0 down vote accepted
In that case, create an orthogonal projection matrix oriented along that normal, then transform the triangle's vertices and your point through multiplication, and it should becomes a simple 2D check to see if the point lies in the triangle (volume).
Additionally, you would aso have a Z value you could use to discard points too high above the triangle.
LookAtLH is how you could do this in D3D/XNA for example, EyePosition could be the center of your triangle, Focus would be EyePosition + normal, and updirection should be anything perpendicular to that, i.e. any of the vertices of the triangle should work.
I'm sure you can find the source for a similar LookAt transformation matrix with a little googling if you don't want to use a whole library just for one function.
share|improve this answer

I've tried this using the orthocenter of the triangle as the eye position, and it doesn't seem to work, what are you referring to with the center of the triangle? (based onthis implementation of lookAt) – uorbe001 May 8 '12 at 14:32

Hmm. Make sure that if you use the orthocenter, as eye position, that you use normalize(vertexPos - orthocenter) as the up direction, and orthocenter + normalDirection as the target position. – melak47 May 8 '12 at 23:25

I haven't been able to build the projection matrix using lookUp, as far as I can tell it should indeed work, but I must have some mistake on the matrix implementation. I'll look into it later. For the time being, I've been able to build the projection matrix by setting the matrix diagonal to (1 - normal.x, 1 - normal.y, 1 - normal - z, 1). I'm not sure this works for all the normals though, so I'll probably have to change it soon enough. – uorbe001 May 9 '12 at 11:04

@uorbe001 Maybe compare your implementation against the D3D one: _URL_-us/library/windows/desktop/… – melak47 May 9 '12 at 15:39
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Visualize Azure DevOps projects, teams, and users, and monitor changes through queries and alerts.
- Installation guide
- Azure DevOps data model
To install this integration, you will need to configure settings both within Azure DevOps and on JupiterOne. Before enabling in JupiterOne, ensure that you have completed the setup within Azure DevOps.
Configuration on Azure DevOps
The Azure DevOps integration uses a read-only, personal access token to ingest data from the Azure DevOps platform.
You must have the necessary permissions to generate a personal access token in Azure DevOps.
You will need to generate your Personal Access Token (PAT), and grant the following permissions for the PAT:
- Project and Team :
- Work Items:
With your PAT created, and the credentials at hand, proceed to JupiterOne for the remaining setup.
Finalize in JupiterOne
To install the Azure DevOps integration in JupiterOne, navigate to the Integrations tab in JupiterOne and select Azure DevOps. Click New Instance to begin configuring the integration.
Creating an Azure DevOps instance requires the following:
The Account Name used to identify the AirWatch account in JupiterOne. Ingested entities will have this value stored in
AccountNametoggle is enabled.
Description to assist in identifying the integration instance, if desired.
Polling Interval that you feel is sufficient for your monitoring needs. You may leave this as
DISABLEDand manually execute the integration.
Your Azure DevOps URL (example: "_URL_ and your Personal Access Token generated for use with JupiterOne.
Click Create once all values are provided to finalize the integration.
Now that your integration instance has been configured, it will begin running on the polling interval you provided, populating data within JupiterOne. Continue on to our Instance management guide to learn more about working with and editing integration instances.
The following entities are created:
|Resources||Entity ||Entity |
|Azure Devops Account|
The following relationships are created:
|Source Entity ||Relationship ||Target Entity |
The following mapped relationships are created:
|Source Entity ||Relationship ||Target Entity ||Direction|


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Analysis on Deployment Parameters of Secondary Users in Cognitive Radio Networks
Cognitive radio has emerged as an efficient approach to implement reuse of the licensed spectrums. How to appropriately deploy and construct the secondary network plays a rather important role. In this paper, a novel deployment scheme, which integrates the Radio Environment Map (REM) and Primary Exclusive Zones (PEZ) together, is proposed. The authors first illustrate secondary users' achievable region around one primary receiver based on protocol interference model. Then, they give the close-form of secondary users' density, which provides a standard for controlling number of secondary users in that achievable region.


Frequently Asked Questions and Answers
What is the purpose of the Driver Eligibility Certificate (DEC)?
A DEC is used to determine if a student is maintaining adequate progress toward graduation and has not been suspended for having an illegal substance on campus or assaulting a staff member.
When are grades checked to measure adequate progress?
- At the end of the first semester and at the end of the school year.
- When measuring adequate progress at the end of a school year:
Schools on a traditional schedule use the end of the year grads
Schools on a block schedule use the semester grades.
What happens to students who leave school to attend a Community College?
- When a student leaves a public school to attend a community college and is NOT making adequate progress at the point of withdrawal the public schools should revoke that student's driving privileges.
-When a student leaves a public school to attend a community college and IS making adequate progress the public school should not revoke that students driving privileges.
Who is responsible for issuing a DEC to a student who lives in North Carolina but attends a boarding school out of state?
- A student who has permanent residency in North Carolina but attends a boarding school out of state shall receive a DEC from the school they would normally attend. That school may ask for the following documentation.
 1. Proof of residency within their district
 2. Transcript/report card showing the latest semester from the school.
 3. A letter on school letterhead stating the student is currently in attendance at that school.
 4. A report card/transcript at the end of each semester until the child graduates - making sure the student understands that they will lose driving privileges if this is not presented at the end of each semester
Can Public schools share their DECs with other schools?
No. North Carolina public schools are not permitted to share Driving Eligibility Certificates with conventional non-public schools operating within North Carolina's geographical borders, home schools, community colleges or even other public schools.
Are public schools allowed to revoke private schools students' license?
No. Conventional non-public or home schools located within the State of North Carolina wishing to have a student driver's license revoked must contact the North Carolina Division of Non-Public Education.
Who can public schools issue DECs to?
Only to students who are currently enrolled in that public school. Public schools may not issue a DEC to a student who currently attends or is enrolled in a conventional non-public school within North Carolina, a home school, community college or an out-of-state correspondence or other distance learning program.
How does Dropout Prevention (DOP)/Lose Control Lose License (LCLL), affect minors who are emancipated?
- Emancipated minors are still affected by both the Dropout Prevention and the lose Control Lose Your Licenses Laws.
Is a hardship permanent?
Yes. Hardships should only be granted under extreme circumstances. Once a student has been granted a hardship, however, his/her driver's license should not be revoked again.
Can the Division of Motor Vehicles (DMV), the Department of Public Instruction (DPI), or the Division of Community Colleges issue DECs or grant hardships?
No. Hardships can be granted only by the chief administrator (or his/her designee) of the North Carolina school in which the student is currently enrolled.
Who is responsible for charges incurred when a license is revoked in error?
- If a school revokes a student's license in error and the student has to have a duplicate license issue the school system is responsible for the duplication fee.
What is the earliest date a student under a LCLL suspension can be issued a DEC?
- A student who is under a Lose Control Lose Your License suspension may only be issued a DEC after at least 6 months has expired from the date the license was suspended, and the student demonstrated exemplary behavior and successfully completed a drug and alcohol counseling program (for those suspend for drugs or alcohol on campus). DMV examiners cannot accept a DEC for a LCLL suspension before the end of the 6-month waiting period.
When should the school send the names of licenses to be revoked to the DMV?
- A school should wait the determined time period to receive any hardship requests after notifying parents of the student's license revocation before sending the names to the DMV.
- It is imperative that schools revoke a student's driving privileges immediately following the 30 day grace period post withdrawal.
- It is also important that once a student drops out of school and their name is sent to the DMV that their name is removed from the list so that it is not inadvertently sent in again to the DMV.
How does summer school affect students who lose their license under DOP?
At the end of the school year (once final grades are posted), non-public schools should send DNPE their license revocation recommendations. At the conclusion of summer school, those students eligible may then receive a DEC from their North Carolina non-public school principal in order to have their license re-instated. Schools should not wait until summer school is over to turn in the names of students not making progress toward high school graduation.
When errors occur...
- If a school places a suspension in error it is important that DPI is contacted and the suspension is deleted. If suspension placed in error are not delete the student may incur increases in their insurance premiums.
-Schools should use extreme caution when entering suspension so, as not to label a student as a Lose Control suspension when it should been under Drop Out Prevention. Each suspension has different guidelines for reinstatement and special attention should be paid when entering this information.
© 2021 Asheboro City Schools. All Rights Reserved.


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Yennecott was name given to the land stretching from Orient Point to Wading River by the Corchaug Indians. Founded in 1640 as Southold, the Puritans who came from the colony of New Haven, settled the area and acquired title to the land. The Reverend John Youngs and his Puritan followers left New Haven in October of that year. Eventually, the Indians who originally owned the land were forced to leave or were enslaved.
By the 1670s, shipping had developed into a major industry as the only way to transport goods was by boat. Through the years, the governor of New York, at the time, required all ships to stop and clear through customs in New York to prevent smuggling. Shipping remained a major industry until the railroad arrived almost two centuries later.
The Revolutionary War left Southold for an empty town as most its people left for Connecticut, leaving the British to occupy Southold from 1776 through 1783 when the war ended.
In 1838, Greenport Village became a major shipping and whaling center, thus attracting most of Southold's shipping and ship building industry. With the advent of the Long Island Rail Road in 1844, the train was now the major transporter of goods and people. Southold had remained an agricultural town and with its history of horse racing, became the home of the breeding farms in the 19th Century.
Southold School District


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Embracing Simplicity: Downsizing in Hayward, CA With NCMSS
Downsizing a home often represents a significant lifestyle change, but it can also bring about a wealth of benefits that contribute to a simpler, more fulfilling life. At NCMSS, we recognize the transformative impact of downsizing and offer insights into the top five reasons why people consider scaling down their living space.
1. Financial Freedom:
One of the primary motivations for downsizing is the potential for significant cost savings. A smaller home often means reduced mortgage or rental payments, as well as lower utility and maintenance expenses. This financial liberation enables individuals to redirect resources toward other endeavors, such as travel, hobbies, or retirement savings.
2. Streamlined Lifestyle:
A smaller home encourages a more streamlined lifestyle. With fewer rooms and less space to manage, homeowners can focus on what truly matters. Downsizing prompts a conscious evaluation of belongings, leading to a decluttered living space and a simplified, more organized life.
3. Reduced Maintenance:
A smaller home requires less upkeep. From cleaning to maintenance tasks, the time and effort invested in preserving a smaller living space are notably diminished. This frees up valuable time that can be directed toward personal pursuits, leisure activities, or spending quality time with loved ones.
4. Environmental Consciousness:
Downsizing aligns with a more environmentally conscious lifestyle. A smaller home generally consumes fewer resources, reducing energy consumption and waste. Embracing a compact living space is a step towards a more sustainable way of living, contributing positively to the environment.
5. Transition to a New Life Stage:
Life transitions, such as retirement, becoming empty nesters, or simply a desire for a change, often prompt the decision to downsize. The shift to a smaller home can accommodate changing needs and preferences, allowing individuals to focus on experiences rather than the responsibilities associated with a larger property.
At NCMSS, we understand that downsizing can be a transformative journey, and our comprehensive moving solutions cater to the specific needs of individuals transitioning to a smaller home. Our expertise and support ensure a smooth and efficient downsizing process, allowing you to embrace a simpler, more fulfilling lifestyle in your new space. Contact us today to get started with our movers.


Say Cheese: Tips for a Natural Smile in Selfies
natural smile
Have you ever wondered how good it would be to have your own professional photographer? For many of us, until that dream comes true we are left taking pictures on our own, doing the best we can. Getting really good shots can be tough, and part of making them better is knowing how to smile correctly.
The smile can make or break a picture. Read on for our must-know guide on how to get a natural smile in selfies.
1. Get Symmetrical
The brain associates symmetry with natural beauty. However, very few people have a face that is truly symmetrical. When taking a selfie, if you can get a shot that provides symmetry, or the illusion of it, you will have a much more pleasant picture.
When you smile in selfies, try to get it even on both sides. This way, the muscles in your face should contract and ease in the same way, providing symmetry to your face.
2. Maintain Dental Hygiene for a Natural Smile
While filters and photoshop can cover a lot of problems, dental hygiene is not one of them. When you smile in photos, you need to be confident that you are showing off a great set of teeth. This comes from maintained dental hygiene.
Make sure you brush and floss regularly. If you have a specific medical problem, such as gum disease, see a dentist. Even specific problems such as gingivitis with braces can be solved if you speak to an expert and keep your mouth clean.
3. Match the Smile to Your Face Shape
One easy-to-follow piece of smiling advice is to match the smile to the shape of your face. If you have a round shape, create a wide smile that mirrors the curve of the jaw and chin. If you have an oval shape, tuck up the sides of your smile to create a more aligned feature.
4. Know Your Angles
Different angles used in various shots can infer different meanings, and create very different looks. Many people opt to get a shot from slightly above, usually as it tends to hide the neck and chin area which can show weight or signs of aging.
However, shots from above infer a meaning that the person viewing is a protector of the person in the image, or that the person is vulnerable. If you take your picture from slightly below, it has the opposite impact. It gives the impression that the person in the picture is empowered.
5. Practice Relaxing and Smiling
A fake smile in photos will always be easy to spot. This is because the rest of your body language and face do not back up the action. Just moving your mouth does not constitute a smile.
Practice relaxing when you smile so it does not seem forced. Sit in places with different lighting and see which works best. Finally, make sure you have something fun to smile about!
Get Help
When getting that natural smile selfie, get some help and advice. Ask others what they think of your shots and how you can improve. They may even help take them for you.
If you want to get the best pictures, then let us help. We have advice on everything from fashion to technology, so we can help you look great every day of the week!


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The Weakest Failure Detector for Non-Blocking Atomic Commit
This paper addresses the question of the weakest failure detector for solving the Non-Blocking Atomic Commit problem (NBAC) in a message passing system where processes can fail by crashing. We define a failure detector, denoted by X, which we show to be sufficient to solve NBAC with a majority of correct processes. Then we give an algorithm which, no matter how many processes may crash, uses any failure detector that solves NBAC to emulate X, i.e., we prove that \X is also necessary for solving NBAC. The result was obtained concurrently and independently by Hadzilacos and Toueg.
Record created on 2005-07-13, modified on 2016-08-08


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The introduction of the Metadata extension within the Solana ecosystem significantly enhances the capabilities of token issuers by allowing them to attach customizable key-value pairs directly to a Mint Account. This extension fundamentally broadens the scope of what can be achieved with tokens, particularly in domains such as gaming, by enabling the embedding of custom metadata within each token. Such an advancement opens up myriad possibilities for how tokens can be utilized, interacted with, and represented.
Token Metadata Interface
The Token Metadata Interface standardizes the procedure for adding metadata to tokens, offering a defined structure and a set of instructions for managing metadata. This interface can be implemented by any program, affording developers the flexibility to craft bespoke Metadata Programs. This universal interface ensures compatibility across the Solana ecosystem, allowing wallets, decentralized applications (dApps), and other on-chain programs to seamlessly access and interact with token metadata.
Metadata Interface Fields
The interface delineates a standard format for the
TokenMetadata struct, which includes fields for basic token information such as name, symbol, and URI, in addition to an
additional_metadata field for custom key-value pairs. This design permits the inclusion of extensive and varied data about tokens, thus accommodating a wide range of use cases.
Metadata Interface Instructions
The interface specifies a concise set of instructions for interacting with token metadata:
- Initialize: Sets up the initial metadata fields.
- UpdateField: Allows for the modification of existing fields or the addition of new key-value pairs.
- RemoveKey: Facilitates the removal of key-value pairs from the
- UpdateAuthority: Enables the change of authority for metadata modification.
- Emit: Ensures the metadata can be emitted in the standard
TokenMetadataformat, thereby supporting diverse account data storage formats.
To leverage the Metadata extension, developers initiate by creating a Mint Account that enables both the MetadataPointer and TokenMetadata extensions. This approach consolidates metadata management into a single account, streamlining the process of metadata addition and modification.
The process involves several key steps:
- Mint Account Setup: Define the properties of the Mint Account, including the metadata to be stored.
- Account and Extension Initialization: Calculate the required account size and lamports for rent exemption, create the Mint Account, and initialize the necessary extensions.
- Metadata Management: Implement the instructions to add, update, and remove metadata as needed.
Advantages and Opportunities
The Metadata extension presents numerous advantages and opportunities for developers:
- Enhanced Token Utility: By embedding custom metadata directly into tokens, developers can create more complex and engaging token-based applications and games.
- Ecosystem Standards: The extension fosters the development of new standards for using metadata on-chain, encouraging collaboration within the developer community to explore innovative uses of token metadata.
- Simplified Process: Directly storing metadata on a Mint Account simplifies the metadata management process, reducing complexity and enhancing efficiency.


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Grade 1 / Topic: Creating Color
Innovative Ways To Learn And Discover | Science Related Talk
This is a 45 minutes program that consists of a movie of your choice that will be followed by a related science talk and question/answer period. This program can be extend based on the school/Teacher requirement for extra charge.
ONE WORLD, ONE SKY: BIG BIRD'S ADVENTURE
One World, One Sky is a brilliant spectacle of light and color as the furry friends watch the stars twinkle over Sesame Street. Children attending the show can interact as they watch, drawing constellations and counting the time it takes the sun to set.
The show aims to nurture a child's natural sense of wonder about the night sky while forging cross-cultural connections, and bridging kids across nations through a common bond in learning about the sky together.


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When it comes to creating an outdoor gathering space, few features are as inviting as a fire pit. Not only does a fire pit provide warmth and light, it also serves as a focal point for conversation and relaxation. If you're considering adding a fire pit to your backyard, patio, or pool area, one material to consider is concrete. In this blog post, we'll explore the benefits of using concrete for your outdoor fire pit.
One of the biggest advantages of using concrete for your fire pit is its durability. Concrete is a strong and long-lasting material that can withstand exposure to heat, moisture, and weathering. This means that your concrete fire pit will continue to look great and perform well for years to come, even with regular use.
Another benefit of using concrete for your fire pit is the design flexibility it offers. Concrete can be molded into a wide range of shapes and sizes, making it easy to create a fire pit that fits your specific needs and preferences. Whether you prefer a simple and classic design or something more unique and modern, concrete can be customized to suit your style.
Concrete fire pits are also relatively low maintenance. Unlike other materials that may require frequent cleaning or sealing, concrete is easy to care for and doesn't require much upkeep. Simply clean your fire pit as needed with soap and water, and your concrete fire pit will look great for years to come.
Compared to other materials commonly used for fire pits, such as stone or brick, concrete is a more cost-effective option. This means that you can create a beautiful and functional fire pit without breaking the bank. Additionally, concrete is readily available and can be easily sourced from a local supplier.
Finally, concrete is a safe material for use in fire pits. It is non-combustible, which means that it won't catch on fire or release toxic fumes. Additionally, concrete is an excellent insulator, which helps to keep the heat from the fire contained within the fire pit.
If you're looking for a material that is durable, versatile, and cost-effective for your outdoor fire pit, concrete is an excellent option to consider. At Santa Ana Concrete, we have years of experience designing and installing custom concrete fire pits for our clients. Contact us today to learn more about how we can help bring your outdoor living space to life with a beautiful and functional concrete fire pit or call us now for a professional advice!


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FarmWild (the Washington farm formerly known as Wild Acres) is a small-scale sustainable farm located in the Pacific Northwest of Washington. Since 2016, we've been happy to provide pasture-raised chickens, eggs, turkeys, and pork products to the good people of Bellingham and Whatcom County. We raise plants and animals using some of the most innovative and ecologically sound principals and practices out there. We focus on the health and well-being of the animals and the environment, which leads to healthier people and a better world.
FarmWild is also the largest Aquaponics Farm in Northwest Washington. We grow Amazing, high-quality basil, greens, and herbs year-round. Our LED-lit greenhouse is solar-powered and extremely efficient, producing up to ten times more food than traditional farming, while consuming 90% less water, with no runoff or waste.
Sustainable Practices: Bank Local First;Community Energy Challenge;Eat Local First;PSE Green Power Purchaser;Toward Zero Waste
Sales Methods: Online Store;Wholesale;Vending;Pick-Up/Delivery
Neighborhood: Mt. Baker Hwy – Deming, Maple Falls, Glacier


English Version | Bahasa Indonesia
Burial Grounds
Sultan Mausoleum complex of Kutai Kartanegara
Sultan Mausoleum complex of Kutai Kartanegara Sultanate is located in the area of Royal Palace and Mulawarman Museum. The complex is located at St. Diponegoro, Tenggarong, Kutai kartanegara Regency, East Kalimantan. This Mausoleum contains 142 graves of relatives and the Sultans of Kutai Kartanegara.
One of the Sultans who buried here is Sultan Aji Imbut known as Sultan Aji Muhammad Muslihuddin who reigned in 1739 until 1782. Aji Imbut is known as the founder of Tenggarong City. On September 28, 1782, Aji Imbut removed the central government of Kutai Kartanegara Sultanate from Pemarangan to Tepian Pandan. Sultan Aji Imbut changed the name of Tepian Pandan to Tangga Arung that means "House of the King". Hereinafter, the name of Tangga Arung was better known as Tenggarong and it was ultimately more familiar. This becomes one of the reasons for the Municipal Government of Tenggarong to hold a ceremony on visiting Sultan Mausoleum complex in every Tenggarong City's anniversary commemorated on 28th September.
Beside of Sultan Aji Imbut, the Sultan who was buried in this complex are Sultan Aji Muhammad Sulaiman (_PHONE_ AD), Sultan Aji Muhammad Salehudin (_PHONE_ AD), Sultan Aji Muhammad Sulaiman (_PHONE_ AD), and Sultan Aji Muhammad Parikesit (_PHONE_ AD) (Ramli Nawawi et.al., 1992/1993: 148). Sultan Aji Muhammad Parikesit is the last Sultan of Kutai Sultanate before the Sultanate territory merged into the Republic of Indonesia. While Sultan Aji Muhammad Alimudin (_PHONE_ AD), was not buried in this place. He was buried on private land located in the Mount Gandek, Tenggarong.
Nisan (tomb) of the Sultans and the relatives were made of ironwood tree and engraved Arabic script. Viewed from various tombstones in this complex, there is an indication of culture meddling that reflected on the shape of gravestones. This influence came from the culture of Dayak, Bugis, Makassar, and Islam.
This Indication is attracting the academics and practitioners to conduct research. Balkis Khan, an archaeologist from the University of Indonesia, Faculty of Humanities (FIB UI) conducting studies to uncover cultural assimilation reflected through the decoration of the gravestone in Sultan Mausoleum complex. His thesis, entitled "Keragaman Nisan dan jirat kompleks makam Raja Kutai abad 18-20, Tenggarong, Kalimantan Timur: Ditinjau dari aspek hiasan" (The tomb diversity of Sultan Mausoleum complex in the period of 18th until 20th, Tenggarong, East Kalimantan: Viewed from decoration aspect). This thesis is the result of research by conducting comparative approach to identification of the Tomb of Sultan at six sites which used the decoration of Bugis culture (Watan LAMURU and Binamu), Makassar (Gowa, Tallo, and Jere LompoE), and Dayak (1 location).
Based on the research at six burial sites by performing a comparative approach to identification with the Mausoleum of Sultan Kutai, there are several conclusions that are the ornamentation found on tombstones in the Mausoleum of Kutai Sultan absorbed the element of other cultures like the culture of Bugis, Makassar, Dayak, and Islam. Cultural mixing is evident from the uniqueness of each culture represented and reflected in the tomb of Kutai Sultan. These particularities are:
 1. Makassar: strand of rose, rose, flower bulb, circle, swastika, tumpal, lozenge, and snake
 2. Bugis: star, lozenge, strand of rose, tumpal, and bludgeon
 3. Dayak: molding, rose, mace (blontang), and snakes
 4. Islamic influences: calligraphy, latticework swastika and stilir tail, mirror frame, head and body of snake
The influence of several cultures can be traced through several things, such as government (royal policy), which gives freedom to the influx of immigrants and cultural kinship between the ruling factor with other ethnic groups outside Borneo Island. The factor of government (royal policy) that provides a place for the entry of foreign cultures and provides a place for indigenous cultures (Dayak) be reflected by the Sultanate guidelines called "Panji Salaten". Panji Salaten mentions about granting freedom of ethnic immigrants and native to preserve and develop its own culture. Through these freedoms, the various cultures can mix and generate cross-cultural acculturation.
On the other hand, heredity rulers in Kutai Kartanegara Sultanate also affect an acculturation. For example, Sultan Aji Muhammad Idris (_PHONE_ AD), is the son in law of Sultan Wajo La Madukelleng, a nobleman from Bugis in South Sulawesi. Similarly, his two sons, Prince Aji Imbut and Aji Kado are the grandson of Sultan Wajo La Madukelleng. Aji Imbut was inaugurated as the Sultan of Kutai Kartanegara entitled Sultan Aji Muhammad Muslihuddin (1739 to 1782). The relationship between Kutai Kartanegara Sultanate with Wajo (Bugis), directly or indirectly has influenced on cultural development of Kutai Kartanegara.
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These cool science experiments create "funny bones" that can bend. Bones have two main substances calcium carbonate and collagen. Calcium carbonate, (calcite) gives our bones strength. Collagen is a light and flexible material. These two materials combine to give us and other land animals strong bones that are lightweight.
When bones are placed in an acid a chemical reaction occurs. Tiny bubbles of carbon dioxide form as the acid reacts with the calcium carbonate. The collagen in bones is left behind as the calcium carbonate dissolves. In this experiment you will be testing a variety of chicken bones to see how they react to being left in a bowl of vinegar for up to 10 days.
Easy Science Experiments, Pumice & Obsidian Find out the difference between pumice and obsidian and why one will float and the other will sink like a rock.
Volcano Science Experiment, Cinder Cones Have you ever wondered how volcanoes get their shape? Find out about cinder cones in this fun activity.
Gravity Experiments, Balancing Acts Learn how to balance a potato, fork and pencil on the edge of a table.
Elementary Science Experiment, Earthquake Waves Create your own wave box that makes paper clips jump when earthquake waves pass through them.
Gravity Experiment, Topsy Turvy Plants Have fun growing tomatoes upside down in this fun experiment.
Cool Science Experiments, Funny Bones In these cool science experiments find out how you can create "funny bones" that can bend.
Earth Science The links on this page include information on the Earth, the Rock Cycle, Volcanoes, experiments, activities and much more.
Check out Myrna Martin's award winning textbooks, e-books, videos and rock sets. The Ring of Fire Science Bookstore covers a wide range of earth science topics. Click here to browse.