haskeline-0.6.4.2: A command-line interface for user input, written in Haskell.
System.Console.Haskeline.History
Description
This module provides a low-level API to the line history stored in the InputT monad transformer.
For most application, it should suffice to instead use the following Settings flags:
 - autoAddHistory: add nonblank lines to the command history (True by default).
 - historyFile: read/write the history to a file before and after the line input session.
If you do want custom history behavior, you may need to disable the above default setting(s).
Synopsis
Documentation
data History Source
Instances
Show History
Monad m => MonadState History (InputT m)
Monad m => MonadState History (InputT m)
addHistoryUnlessConsecutiveDupe :: String -> History -> HistorySource
Add a line to the history unless it matches the previously recorded line.
addHistoryRemovingAllDupes :: String -> History -> HistorySource
Add a line to the history, and remove all previous entries which are the same as it.
historyLines :: History -> [String]Source
The input lines stored in the history (newest first)
readHistory :: FilePath -> IO HistorySource
Reads the line input history from the given file. Returns emptyHistory if the file does not exist or could not be read.
writeHistory :: FilePath -> History -> IO ()Source
Writes the line history to the given file. If there is an error when writing the file, it will be ignored.
stifleHistory :: Maybe Int -> History -> HistorySource
Limit the number of lines stored in the history.
stifleAmount :: History -> Maybe IntSource
The maximum number of lines stored in the history. If Nothing, the history storage is unlimited.


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Article Detail - JD DME
Initial Wound Evaluation for Surgical Dressings
For initial wound evaluations, the treating practitioner's medical record, nursing home, or home care nursing records must specify:
- The type of qualifying wound (see Surgical Dressings Policy Article A54563); and,
- Information regarding the location, number, and size of qualifying wounds being treated with a dressing; and,
- Whether the dressing is being used as a primary or secondary dressing or for some noncovered use (e.g., wound cleansing); and,
- Amount of drainage; and,
- The type of dressing (e.g., hydrocolloid wound cover, hydrogel wound filler, etc.); and,
- The size of the dressing (if applicable); and,
- The number/amount to be used at one time; and,
- The frequency of dressing change; and,
- Any other relevant clinical information.
This information can be found in the Surgical Dressings Policy Article A54563.
Last Updated Tue, 18 Apr 2023 18:43:12 +0000

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


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Share any resource with your children using the Twinkl Planner tool
The Planner tool tab can be found in the top right of every page on site. From any page, drag and drop resources into the Planner and organise them into named folders, lessons or collections. You can manage and share all your lessons in the Lessons Overview area.
What is the Twinkl Planner Tool?
The Twinkl Planner tool is a time-saving method for quickly and simply collating resources, which can then be easily shared with your children and with colleagues and parents.
Best of all, whoever you share your resources with will be able to access them without needing a Twinkl membership. Whether it's for teaching pupils online, supporting learning at home or collaborative working with colleagues, sharing resources using the Twinkl Planner tool can be a huge time-saver. Best of all, it's included in your Twinkl membership.
Take a look at our video below for all the details on using and making the most of this quick and simple tool.
You can use the Twinkl Planner to collate share ANY Twinkl resource in your membership directly with your child(ren). Your child(ren) can access and use the resources independently online in the classroom or at home.
There are two sharing methods available:
- The PIN code method allows you to share lessons, with a unique PIN code for each lesson.
- The Personal Child Login method - which you need to activate - allows you to share multiple lessons with custom groups, using usernames and passwords.
Please note that the Planner is currently available for desktop only.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


New York Seasonal Jobs
Job Information
Berkshire Nursery & Supply Corp Nursery and Greenhouse Worker in Pattesron, New York
10 full time, temporary, seasonal jobs available 4/26/2021 - 12/31/2021 Nursery and Greenhouse Workers will work at a nursery that has both outdoor and indoor/greenhouse facilities. They can one one or any combination of the following tasks: Harvest plants, and transplant or pot and label them; Operate tractors, tractor-drawn machinery, and self-propelled machinery to plow, harrow and fertilize soil, or to plant, cultivate, spray and harvest crops; Set up and operate irrigation equipment; Harvest fruits and vegetables by hand; Clean work areas, and maintain grounds and landscaping; Sell and deliver plants and flowers to customers; plant plugs of grass; Identify plants, pests, and weeds to determine the selection and application of fertilizers; Regulate greenhouse conditions, and indoor and outdoor irrigation systems; Cut, roll, and stack sod; Feel plants' leaves and note their coloring to detect the presence of insects or disease; Provide information and advice to the public regarding the selection, purchase, and care of products; Maintain and repair irrigation and climate control systems; Dig, cut, and transplant seedlings, cuttings, trees, and shrubs; Maintain inventory, ordering materials as required; Record information about plants and plant growth; Dig, rake, and screen soil, filling cold frames and hot beds in preparation for planting; Inspect plants and bud ties to assess quality; Move containerized shrubs, plants, and trees, using wheelbarrows or tractors; Tie and bunch flowers, plants, shrubs, and trees, wrap their roots, and pack them into boxes to fill orders; Load agricultural products into trucks, and drive trucks to market or storage facilities; Haul and spread topsoil, fertilizer, peat moss, and other materials to condition soil, using wheelbarrows or carts and shovels; and Plant, spray, weed, fertilize, water, and prune plants, shrubs, and trees, using gardening tools. Requirements: *Lifting 80 pounds *Frequent stooping or bending The full terms and conditions of the job (form ETA790a) should be reviewed and provided to qualified applicants from this website: For qualified applicants requiring a Spanish translation of this job order, please email or call _PHONE_. Please include the applicant name and job order number in your request.


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Muhlenberg Elementary Center – Addition and Renovation
Location: Laureldale, Berks County, Pennsylvania
Muhlenberg Greene Architects provided the planning and design services for the Muhlenberg School District's Elementary Center building. The facility was developed as a centralized replacement for the undersized and outdated Primary and Intermediate School facilities that were located on the District Campus. The design of the new facility, planned to accommodate 1350 students in grades K-5, evolved as an Addition and Renovation to the existing Primary School Building.
The new Elementary Center, which incorporates the two-story classroom wing of the existing Primary School, was designed around a central courtyard that established a strong interior focal point for the students; and allowed the addition to be constructed while the existing facility remained in service. The angular geometry of the resulting central core provided a natural visual break that greatly reduced the perceived size of the building, resulting in a smaller scale presence on the site.


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Sprout is a Modern Indoor Planter which automatically waters your plants, herbs, vegetables, etc and will revolutionize your gardening game.
**YouTube Video Tutorial**: [ Jonty - Arduino Automatic Plant Watering System](_URL_
**Step-by-Step Instructions**: [Instructables - Arduino Automatic Plant Watering System](_URL_
# UM66T Melody Generator
An UM66T generates various Melody Tunes when triggered which can be used in car/scooter reverse signals, doorbells and toys.
**Order PCB:** [PCBWay](_URL_
## Electronic Components
| Qty | Comp...
This circuit uses the Buck/Boost Converter circuit for typically for use in a lab bench power supply. It features both adjustable voltage AND current using potentiometers.
Without a buck/boost converter,a computer power supply can only provide a 3.3V, 5V and 12 supply lines. With the buck/boost converter created with the aid of a 555 timer, adjustable voltage is allowed. A simple transistor is us...


text: Overland flow is the initial driver of slope surface erosion. To discover resistance characteristics of overland flow influenced by rainfall intensity and roughness, indoor simulated rainfall experiments with six kinds of roughness, five flow discharges, and five rainfall intensities were investigated. Results showed that overland flow over rough surfaces could be considered as laminar and turbulent flow when using flow Reynolds number. According to roll waves observed, flow regimes belonged to the laminar transitional zone based on the viscosity-to-depth ratio. A critical water depth formula for overland flow was re-derived, and it showed that this test water flow consisted of supercritical flow in most cases, and subcritical flow in only a few cases. The flow resistance coefficient increased with increasing roughness, whereas it decreased as rainfall intensity increased. Considering the 'increasing resistance' phenomenon, this study focused on frictional resistance, thickness of the viscous sublayer, pressure drag and roll waves. Finally, a formula for sheet flow resistance was proposed based on resistance segmentation and multi-element linear regression. These findings are of significance both for understanding the characteristics and development of overland flow and overland flow dynamics.


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NASA astronaut and International Space Station (ISS) Expedition One Commander, William "Bill" Shepherd, built this table during the first ISS mission from components that he found on board the Russian Service Module in 2001. The table is a workstation built for Shepherd's personal use during his long-duration stay on board the space station. This was the first object that NASM acquired from the ISS program. The story behind the construction of the table adds a unique dimension to the history of human space exploration. Bill Shepherd improvised the table with space parts. This improvisation demonstrates the continued need for invention in the closed environment of a space station.
NASA transferred this table to the museum.
Transferred from NASA, Johnson Space Center.


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1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Bastion
|←Bastinado||1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, Volume 3
|See also Bastion on Wikipedia, and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.|
Bastion (through the Fr. from the late Lat. bastire, to build), a work forming part of a line of fortifications. The general trace of a bastion is similar to an irregular pentagon formed by a triangle and a narrow rectangle, the base of the triangle coinciding with the long side of the rectangle. The two sides of the triangle form the "faces" of the bastion, which join at the "salient" angle, the short sides of the rectangle form the "flanks." Bastions were arranged so that the fire from the flanks of each protected not only the front of the curtain but also the faces of the adjacent bastions. A "tower bastion" is a casemated tower built in bastion form; a "demi-bastion" is a work formed by half a bastion (bisected through the salient angle) and by a parapet along the line of bisection; a "flat bastion" is a bastion built on a curtain and having a very obtuse salient angle.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Pig Trap Interlocking
Safety interlocks are an essential feature in the design of pig traps. SFC interlocks can be specified to ensure the minimum safety arrangement of interlocking the vessel vent valve with the pig trap closure. This arrangement ensures the vessel vent valve is open before any attempt can be made to open the closure. With interlocks fitted to both the vent valve and pig trap closure, a key is released when the vent valve is opened. Removing the key from the vent valve locks the valve in the open position. This key is coded in common with the closure lock and only by opening and locking the vent valve, can the operator use the correct key to proceed to unlock and open the closure.


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The City of Savannah will soon receive detailed assessments of half of its roads. It hired RoadBotics, to scan and analyze 700 miles (1,127 km) of its roads using artificially intelligent (AI) machine-learning technology. The assessments will help the City to maintain its roads more quickly and cost-efficiently.
City of Savannah to improve road maintenance costs with AI assessments0
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Nov. 20, 2023
To reduce Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System (TCAS) Resolution Advisories (RA) for aircraft on approach to Runway 16R and Runway 16L at Denver International Airport (DEN), the FAA will implement a 3-degree lateral offset for approaches serving Runway 16R.
InFO 23010 notifies pilots of the revised procedures. The FAA will use the offset approach course on Runway 16R when both runways are in use and at least one aircraft is making a visual approach.
It stresses the importance of maintaining course alignment to mitigate TCAS RAs and the use of TCAS Traffic Advisory RA mode. Radar monitored data analysis revealed a high number of TCAS RAs when aircraft are established on straight-in approaches to Runways 16R and 16L. These RAs have led to unstabilized approaches, aircraft being forced down below minimum crossing altitudes, go-arounds, and subsequent resequencing.
"Recent studies have shown that utilizing a 3-degree lateral offset approach course to runway 16R at DEN will prevent TCAS RAs while allowing for the use of TA/RA mode," the InFO said.
Effective Nov. 30, the FAA will publish two RNAV, 3-degree lateral offset approaches to runway 16R, RNAV GPS Y Runway 16R, and RNAV Required Navigation Performance (RNP) Z RWY 16R approaches will also be laterally offset by 3 degrees.
The InFO concludes with a bulleted list of operational considerations, including ATIS guidance, visual approach considerations and using straight-in ILS approaches to Runway 16R.
Operators are encouraged to review their risk assessment of TCAS policy and procedures including the use of TCAS TA/RA mode when DEN ATC is conducting concurrent approach operations to Runways 16L and 16R utilizing the Runway 16R offset procedures.
Photograph provided courtesy of Denver International Airport.


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The study examined the influence of metrological parameters on solar radiation in Makurdi. Correlations are developed to predict incident solar radiation at a givenlocation developed based on meteorological parameters. However, all correlations depend on accurate measurement and availability of weather data such as sunshine duration, cloud cover, relative humidity, maximum and minimum temperature which essentially is a costly exercise in terms of equipment and labour. These data include solar radiation, sunshine hour duration, relative humidity, rainfall, cloud cover, maximum and minimum temperatures were analysed using regression techniques of the Angstrom type. The MBE values obtained from the models are positive in some cases and negative in others, which shows that these models vary between under and over estimate of global solar radiation. However, model has the lowest under estimation with a value of -1.03, which is expected and acceptable. A low value of MPE is expected, model 1 was observed to have an MPE value of (-0.074). The results obtained show a remarkable agreement between the measured and the predicted values. The study therefore recommends for designers and engineers of solar energy and other renewable energy devices in this area.
Global solar radiation, Model, Metrological Parameters Clearness Index
Andrew, B.H. , Basila A. , Tahir M. , Ogbaka D. T. "Impact of Metrological Parameters on Solar Radiation in Nigeria" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals Volume 4 Issue 4 2020 Page 38-43
Andrew, B.H. , Basila A. , Tahir M. , Ogbaka D. T. "Impact of Metrological Parameters on Solar Radiation in Nigeria" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals, 4(4)


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- Introduction to Effective Communication in Parks and Recreation
- What is Effective Communication?
- Auxiliary Aids and Services
- Planning Programs and Activities in Parks and Recreation
- Providing an Interpreter
- Fees Associated with Auxiliary Aids and Services
- Planning Alternatives for Written Material
- Tapping into Community Resources
A woman walks to the front of the room and begins to communicate in American Sign Language. The hearing participants look at each other in confusion. Worry is displayed on each person's face as they wonder how will they understand the information presented in the class.
For many people with visual, auditory or cognitive impairments, this scenario can be a daily event. Effective communication is essential for an individual to be able to participate and benefit in programs and activities.


text: FISHSHOT is a documentary project about loneliness, emotional isolation, and sentimental repression in Finnish society. These problems go further when the people start drinking to fight against them. The excessive consumption of alcohol is present in more than half cases of suicide, homicide and gender violence. A problem rooted in Finnish society that causes, directly or indirectly, a huge number of deaths among the population. The consequences hurt a country well known for its high-quality life, surrounded by idyllic landscapes, cold and darkness.


How Many People Use Reddit?
Reddit is a very large website, bringing together people from all over the world in communities discussing all sorts of topics. But just how big is Reddit? How many people use it, and how often is it used for certain functions? This article will take a quick look at some of the numbers on Reddit.
Reddit website visitors and traffic statistics
According to Reddit themselves and SimilarWeb, as of 2015-2016:
 - Reddit has over 234 million unique registered users.
 - Reddit has almost 1.14 billion monthly visitors (both users and non-users) on average.
 - Reddit has almost 90,000 active message forums.
 - Over 8 billion pages on Reddit are viewed worldwide every day on average.
 - About 200,000 new topics are started on Reddit every day on average.
 - Almost 2 million comments are posted on Reddit topics every day on average.
 - On average, Reddit users collectively vote on topics and comments almost 25 million times daily.
 - Visitors to Reddit usually stay on the website for at least 13 minutes on average.
 - Reddit is the 12th most-visited website in the U.S.A., and 26th most-visited website worldwide.
Those are some quick facts about how many people use Reddit, and what they use it for! If you want to become one of Reddit's users, check out our tutorial on how to create a Reddit account.
Next, we'll take a look at how Reddit makes their money.


Business Intelligence
10 steps to creating a scrolling Excel chart
When you have too many data points to display in a dashboard chart, add a scroll bar so users can still view all the data.
Sometimes a chart's underlying data doesn't fit in the chart window. When this happens, Excel tries to accommodate by shaving off a few values. You can make the chart bigger, but that won't always be feasible, especially in a dashboard sheet. Besides, you might have more points than even a large window can display. When this is the case, you can add a scroll bar that lets the user scroll through the data. While I've seen some complex techniques for employing this solution, my technique requires just 10 quick and easy steps.
Note: In step 10, I insert a column to center the dashboard components. Doing so changes many of the referenced cells and ranges throughout the first nine steps. If you're working with the downloadable demo, don't let those differences confuse you -- they'll all be off by one column.
1: Determine your needs
The data in the sheet named Scrolling Chart has a record for each month, beginning with January 31, 2010, and ending with September 30, 2012. Unfortunately, there are more points than the chart can display (Figure A).
Figure A
This simple line chart compensates for the numerous points by inhibiting the display of some of them.
To generate the chart, select the data, click the Insert tab, click the Line option in the Charts group, and select the first (and simplest) option. In Excel 2003, choose Chart from the Insert menu. We won't actually use this graph, but it's wise to create a default chart so you can see how well the chart window will accommodate the data.
2: Add the scroll bar control
After you know the size of your chart window, embed a scroll bar into the dashboard sheet. You could work in the same sheet as the data, but because we're simulating a dashboard environment, we'll work on a new sheet called Dashboard. To generate the chart, click the Developer tab and choose Scroll Bar Form Control from the Insert Controls option in the Controls group. In Excel 2003, this control is on the Forms toolbar. Drag the scroll bar to size it. The position isn't important right now -- you can move it later.
If the Developer tab isn't visible, click the File tab (the Office button in Excel 2007). Then, choose Options in the left pane or Excel Options, respectively. In the left pane, choose Customize Ribbon. Select Developer in the Main Tabs list to the right and click OK. In Excel 2007, select Show Developer Tab In The Ribbon and click OK.
3: Set the scroll bar's properties
Properties determine the scroll bar's behavior, so click Properties in the Controls group and set them as shown in Figure B. Right-click the 2003 control to access its properties. Then, click OK to return to the sheet. These settings determine how the control behaves:
 - Current Value: 1 -- Stores the control's current value; 1 is an anchoring value.
 - Minimum Value: 1 -- The control's first value.
 - Maximum Value: 33 -- Initially, use the number of records in your data range.
 - Incremental Change: 1 -- This is the number of data points the scroll bar will scroll with each click (increasing or decreasing the current value).
 - Page Change: This represents the number of data points displayed. Because we're displaying monthly values, 12 seems appropriate.
 - Cell Link: B1 -- Use any empty cell you like. This cell will store the control's current value.
Figure B
Customize these settings to accommodate your data.
To see how the scroll bar works, move the thumb or click the arrows and watch the value in the linked cell (B1) change.
4: Generate the charted data
The easiest way to display a subset of data in a chart is to create a subset of data. Because we're viewing monthly values, displaying 12 points at a time seems reasonable. We'll use a matrix of INDEX() functions to create the subset. First, copy the heading labels from the data range to the Dashboard sheet. Then, in the top-left corner of the subset table (Dashboard!A4 in our example) enter the following function:
=INDEX('Scrolling chart'!A2:A34,$B$1)
The first argument references the first column of data (don't reference the header cell). The second argument references the scroll bar's linked cell on the dashboard sheet.
5: Copy the formulas
After entering the anchor formula, copy it to column B. Then, copy the formulas in cells A4:B4 to A5:B15. Figure C shows the results: a matrix that comprises the first 12 rows of data in the original data range.
Figure C
With the scroll bar's value set to 1, the matrix displays the first 12 rows of data.
6: Spot a problem!
At this point, you can use the scroll bar control to update the matrix values and subsequently, the chart. For instance, click the right arrow five times and the matrix displays rows 6 through 18 instead of rows 2 through 13. As you click the control's arrows, the value in the linked cell (B2) changes, updating the second argument in the INDEX() functions.
Figure D shows what happens when you move the scroll bar to the far right -- you get several rows of invalid data. You can't let the scroll bar display the last record as the first row of data in the matrix. Instead, the last available view should display the last 12 records (rows 23 through 34).
Figure D
The scroll bar goes too far.
7: Tweak a property
Fortunately, the fix is easy. Right-click the scroll bar and choose Format Control from the resulting submenu. Change the Maximum Value property to 22 and click OK. Now, the last possible view displays the last 12 rows of data, as shown in Figure E. If you add or delete records, you must update this property by increasing or reducing the setting by the number of records you add or delete.
Figure E
The matrix should always display 12 valid records.
8: Chart the matrix
Instead of charting the original data range, you chart the matrix on the Dashboard page. To do so, select the matrix range -- A3:B15 -- and use the instructions in step 1 to embed a line chart in the Dashboard sheet, as shown in Figure F. Remember, the matrix doesn't have to be next to the chart. I'm doing so to simplify the example, but you can display both or just the chart on your dashboard.
Figure F
The chart displays the matrix, not the original data range.
9: Use the scroll bar
With the pieces in place, use the scroll bar to update the chart. To do so, click the arrows or drag the thumb. As shown in Figure G, the matrix and the chart both adjust appropriately.
Figure G
The chart displays the matrix values, which change as you manipulate the scroll bar.
10: Add a bit of polish
The technique is now complete, but you'll want to position and format the chart and the scroll bar advantageously. You might have noticed that the horizontal axis isn't displaying the actual dates from column A. If that matters, fix it as follows:
 1. Right-click the horizontal axis and choose Format Axis.
 2. Under Axis Type (in the Axis Options pane, which should be the default), click the Text Axis option.
 3. Click OK.
You might consider enlarging the control's width to match the chart. I also inserted a new column to the left of the matrix to center the components a bit. (As I noted earlier, this means that the referenced cells throughout this article won't match the downloadable demo.) In addition, you might want to inhibit the sheet visuals by clicking the View tab and unchecking the Gridlines, Formula Bar, and Headings options in the Show group.
Finally, protect the sheet contents as follows:
 1. Right-click B1, the linked cell that stores the scroll bar's current value, and choose Format Cells.
 2. On the Protection tab, uncheck Locked.
 3. From the Format drop-down in the Cells group (on the Home tab), choose Protect Sheet.
 4. Select only the Select Unlocked Cells option and click OK. (Enter a password if you like.)
After protecting the sheet, shown in Figure H, the only thing you can select is the scroll bar.
Figure H
Polish the sheet to make it a bit more dashboard-like -- and don't forget to protect the sheet.
Yes, you can. You can, even, embed the scroll bar within the graph. There are out there other tips and tricks about excel graphs like showing/hiding data series regarding the check-boxes you checked/unchecked for instance. There are a few books about excel graphs that deserves to be red. ITWare2008
I didn't realise that you could use graphs with controls. Nice tip. :)
Editor's Picks


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By Ken Ward Jr.
Why does West Virginia's timber industry mostly consist of loggers and sawmills? Why doesn't the state have many furniture factories?
Forestry professors have made a career of trying to answer these questions. Governor after governor has faced the problem. Businessmen scratch their heads when confronted with this quandary.
Over the years, a list of possible answers has been compiled. Basically, they point to problems that make production costs higher in West Virginia than in surrounding states, making location here less desirable. Among the problems commonly cited:
- Transportation - Problems with West Virginia's road system have become legendary. Loggers in the state can't avoid the fact that heavy, bulky lumber must be hauled over winding, narrow roads. In many places, bridges are not sturdy enough to carry huge log trucks safely.
Industry experts say this situation has improved over the years. Many support construction of Corridor H from Elkins to Virginia as a further improvement that could help the timber industry.
- The West Virginia Development Office says it is disadvantaged because of the furniture industry's reliance on trade shows in North Carolina.
Twice each year, producers, buyers and others connected with the furniture industry gather in the High Point-Winston Salem area of North Carolina to display their wares and take and place orders for the coming season. These shows give the western Carolin a and Virginia areas a distinct advantage as a location for this industry.
- Others have pointed to a lack of training of West Virginia workers in woodworking skills required for furniture factories and other secondary wood processing businesses.
- Mingo County coal and timber baron Buck Harless blames the lack of furniture factories on West Virginia's reputation for labor disputes and a high level of unionization among workers.
Harless believes this image is no longer accurate, particularly as the labor movement has lost political power and membership, but continues to plague state development efforts.
- David E. White, a former West Virginia University forest economist, blames a more complicated combination of wages and transportation problems.
It costs more to transport timber products from rural timber counties like Webster or Randolph, so furniture plants would be better off in areas like Charleston, with interstate highways and river barge transportation.
But wages are higher in Kanawha County than in rural, timber counties. Low wages in those rural counties have helped make their sawmills competitive and offset high transportation costs for raw lumber. This hasn't been the case for secondary wood process ing.
"In short, the comparative advantage that West Virginia has for the primary processing of timber products does not exist for secondary processing," White wrote in 1994.
"West Virginia has not been able to meet the industry's low cost requirements for both transportation and labor conterminously," he wrote. "The result is that much of the state's primary wood products have been shipped for final processing to places outs ide West Virginia where these two conditions are better met."
Write a letter to the editor.


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Running the air through a supercharger is going to make it hot and detonation-prone. The primary benefit of an intercooler is that it reduces the temperature of the boosted intake air. This helps keep detonation in check.
The extra density is an added bonus because you can squeeze in more air to make Moar Power.
Does this mean Kawasaki defied physics with this bike?
Not really. They're just using other means to ensure that the risk of detonation is mitigated.
This is the press release which explains what they've done with the H2:
design the engine with a moderate compression ratio
8.5:1 is conservative, even for a forced-induction engine.
Since auto-ignition temperature increases as pressures decrease, Kawasaki are designing the engine to be such that the auto-ignition temperatures are far away from the engine's regular operating range.
rely on the fuel for charge-cooling
Evaporative cooling isn't new. It's useful to have liquid fuel absorb some of the heat in order to turn into fuel vapor. Given the elevated temperatures expected after running the air through the supercharger, there will be plenty of heat to do the job.
- vaporized fuel which is ready for combustion, and
- cooler air-fuel charge temperatures, which helps the engine operate away from the detonation-prone region
keep the engine cool
The idea here is to keep engine temperatures down. A liquid-cooled oil-cooler and high-cooling-capacity radiator help in this regard.
What's the benefit of avoiding an intercooler here?
Kawasaki may have gone down this road for the following reasons:
- weight savings
- space savings
- cost reduction
The first two are mentioned in the press release.
The latter is implied: no intercooler → no need to design → no need to buy


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Middlesex County Utilities Authority (MCUA), Sayreville, NJ
- MCUA's Sayreville Pump Station was inundated with 4 feet of water following Hurricane Sandy.
- R3M mobilized resources to provide 24/7 emergency response along with construction contractors to be able to stabilize the pump station.
- R3M worked with MCUA staff to restart the disabled pump station, initially using temporary bypass pumping systems capable of 70 MGD within 10 days of the event. Ultimately restoring the existing pumps and motors and switchgear to its 300 MGD capacity.
- R3M worked with USEPA, NJDEP and US Army Corp representatives to develop unique temporary wet weather overflow systems to prevent further
flooding of pump station during emergency restoration activities.


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Have you ever heard of Egypt's largest natural woodland? It's Elba Protectorate. This is the largest natural protected area in Egypt, out of her officially declared 29 protectorates so far; it encompasses an area of 35,600 km2 (3,560,000 hectares) at the farthest south east of Egypt.
Elba Protectorate is considered by taxonomists, botanists and ecologists to be the northernmost Afrotropical ecozone on Planet Earth, being located between the latitudes 23.3°N and 22°N in the north hemisphere.
The region was officially declared a national park by the Egyptian government in 1985, and since then it has been managed by the Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency (EEAA) and is administratively part of Abu Ramad City at the southernmost east of Egypt.
The most famous Gebel Elba, although not being the highest mountain in the protectorate -just 1,437 m-, yet the entire natural reserve is named after it.
Other high peaks in the region include the 1,911 m- Shendib Mountain, Shendodai Mountain (1,526 m) and Shellal Mountain of 1,409 meters above sea level.
The entire natural protectorate also records the highest rainfalls precipitation in Egypt, even more than the Egyptian western Mediterranean coast. That's because the Red Sea is just 15 km away from the core of the mountain ranges complex and because of the east-twisted shoreline, giving more plain space for the moist air to be pushed upwards by winds to the tops of the mountains.
In addition to the cluster of coastal mountains, the protectorate is an extensive and complex natural reserve comprising a number of ecosystems; for instance: the mangroves of the Red Sea, the 22 islands, coral reefs, coastal sand dunes, coastal salt marshes and coastal arid plains.
Elba P. Biodiversity Richness
|Elba's Panthera pardus specie is one of two Leopard populations in Egypt. The other subspecies is Panthera pardus jarvisi of Sinai Peninsula.|
With some 458 plant species, which account for almost between 14% - 25% of all plant species recorded for Egypt and a diverse fauna, zoologists and ornithologists consider Elba Mountain specifically as a biodiversity hotspot, with a biological diversity unparalleled in all Egypt's other North African, Mediterranean, Turani/Asian, European, and arid terrestrial environments and ecosystems.
Elba Protectorate has a green cover of Acacias, Delonix, Balanites aegyptiaca and other scrubs. There is at least one endemic species of "Biscutella elbensis" plant. Dracaena ombet and Moringa are from the plants which grow there at high elevations there.
In this beautiful natural reserve you could see ferns, mosses, Acacia tortilis, Delonix elata, Aerva persica, Euphorbia cuneata and several medically-useful herbs. Mangroves, Avicennia marina, Rhizophora mucronata and Salt-marsh vegetations stretch along the long coasts.
Beside flora, Elba Protectorate is home for 30 species of reptiles, one for amphibians and 23 mammal species such as: Vulpes rueppelli, rare Panthera pardus, Gazella dorcas, Capra nubiana and Ammotragus lervia, in addition to 173 avian species, 31 of which are found in Wadi Aideib (Aideib Valley).
Birds found there include Ostriches "Struthio camelus", Lappet-face Vultures "Torgos tracheliotus", Terathopius ecaudatus, Oena capensis, Caprimulgus nubicus, Eremopterix nigriceps, Nectarinia habessinica, Sylvia leucomelaena, Rhodophoneus cruentus, Lonchura cantans, Passer luteus, Gypaetus barbatus, Neophron percnopterus, Aquila verreauxii and Hieraaetus fasciatus.
The region's off-shore islands are important habitats for sea birds and turtles like: Hawksbill Eretmochelys imbricata, green Chelonia mydas, olive ridely Lepidochelys olivacea, loggerhead Caretta caretta, and leathery turtle Dermochelys coriacea. The marine ecosystem in Elba Protectorate is a well-known habitat for 2,441 marine invertebrates, as well as 123 types of corals reefs.
History & Nearby Settlements
|Aqua Temple of Abu Sa'fa Valley in Abraq.|
Elba Protectorate is close to the villages of Ras Hadarba and Adledib, in addition to Halayeb and Abraq towns, Abu Ramad City, the current capital of the region Shalatin city and the major historic city of Berenice.
The region, which was always used by the ancient Egyptians as a wealthy province of gold mining and extracting precious minerals, was part of Egypt since the old kingdom and the 1st Egyptian dynasty at least.
Starting from the 18th Egyptian dynasty, the ancient Egyptian imperial army used the local indigenous Beja tribes as mercenaries and guards for Egypt's south borders which stretched during the imperial age from Taurus Mountains, Mersin Turkish province and the Greek Aegean Islands like Rhodes in the north, to Djibouti in the south and from the Libyan Gulf of Sidra in the west to western Iraq in the east.
This is majorly evidenced in the continental mountainous town of Abraq which has a rich history of pre-historic paintings and pre-dynastic artifacts made by Proto-Egyptians. Dynastic Pharaohnic monuments decorated with ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics have been excavated in Abu Sa'fa Valley inside Abraq. Additionally, several ruins of Roman fortresses and castles could be visited atop Mount Abraq and Mount 'arqa.
Economic Advantages & Natural Resources
|Numerous species of Elba Protectorate's flora and herbs are of notable medical values. Some of the plants and trees there are good sources of biofuels and clean coal, while others could be useful for timber.|
Numerous species of Elba Protectorate's flora and herbs are of notable medical values. Some of the plants and trees there are good sources of biofuels and clean coal, while others could be useful for timber. Furthermore, some species are used for extracting their oil, as well as for human diet.
Good and wise usage of such herbs and medicinal flora could minimize Egypt's imports of chemical and natural ingredients which come from India and South Asia for medicine manufacturing.
Taking this into consideration, Egypt could become a notable phytotherapy hub between three continents and a major centre for studies of the use of extracts from natural origin like health-promoting agents.
The region is well-known since the ancient Egyptian times for its gold mines and gemstones in addition to other metals. In the modern age, geologists discovered precipitates of uranium and little reserves of the rare precious metal "Platinum". In addition to that, refining companies have discovered that the region is also rich in natural gas and a number of oil fields.
All this wealth and natural resources make the region an Egyptian powerhouse and a fossil fuel stronghold for Egypt which seeks development and improvement in the light of the 25th of January revolution.
- BirdLife International. Important Bird Areas factsheet: Gebel Elba. February 14, 2012.
- Baha el Din (1997), Boulos (1995), Goodman (1985a), Goodman and Meininger (1989), Kassas and Zahran (1971), Osborne and Helmy (1980).
- Mark Hunter. The Great and Lesser Wild Cats of Egypt. Touregypt.net. June 12th, 2011.
- Hoath, Richard. Field Guide to the Mammals of Egypt, A. American University in Cairo Press. The ISBN 977 424 809 0. 2003.
- Hoath, Richard. Natural Selections (A Year of Egypt's Wildlife). American University in Cairo Press. The ISBN 977-424-281-5. 1992.
Related Links:Difficult Choice: Oil Profits or Rich Biodiversity
A Forest in Danger
Africa "Water Towers" Pressured, New Atlas Reveals
Africa's Vanishing Landmarks
Droughts and Guns in Uganda


text:
Template:Manner of articulation A sonority hierarchy or sonority scale is a ranking of speech sounds (or phones) by how much'sound' they produce. For example, if you say the vowel [a], you will produce much more sound than if you say the plosive [t]. Sonority hierarchies are especially important when analyzing syllable structure; rules about what segments may appear in onsets or codas together, such as SSP, are formulated in terms of the difference of their sonority values. Some languages also have assimilation rules based on sonority hierarchy, for example, the Finnish potential mood (e.g. -tne- → -nne-).
Sonority hierarchies vary somewhat in which sounds are grouped together. The one below is fairly typical (1 indicates lowest sonority):
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Thursday, 29 October 2009
Ruby XML Builder prefixes
This is a topic I've come across a few times now, and more recently turned up when someone asked a question in an IRC channel (it was either _TAG_ or _TAG_ on, I can't quite remember which now). The basic problem was that they wanted to output an XML prefix to the tags generated with Builder. Anyone who has used Builder will be familiar with it's syntax:
xml.someTag do
xml.anotherTag "tag content"
and can see that this doesn't work with a tag prefixed with an xml namespace, which includes a : (this being a special character in ruby). So what is the solution? The person asking the question actually got the answer from several people that it wasn't possible, but that didn't seem right. And it turns out that it is perfectly possible, it just requires a slightly more verbose syntax. Instead of
you need to do
xml.tag! "somePrefix:someTag"
where the tag! function on an XML Builder object takes a string representing the entire tag and outputs it as is.
It turns out the consideration of the Builder creators didn't stop there. They have functions to allow for the full range of standard XML to be created. Need a CDATA field? use xml.cdata!, need to add, comments? Use xml.comment!, need to create a node with mixed text and child nodes? Use xml.text! like so:
xml.myNode do
xml.myChildNode "awesome"
xml.text! "More awesome"
All of these are supported with functions with a! at the end, which keeps them nice and separate from tags that you would typically create.
And to really add to the point that these things were considered by the Builder creators, they even have a simpler form for using prefixes in XML now. You simply add a space between the prefix and the : to create an expression like:
xml.myPrefix :myElement, "look at this!"
or in more common ruby language, if you pass a symbol as the first argument when creating a tag, it will take the tag as a namespace prefix and the symbol as the actual tag name.
So yes, it is possible to add prefixes with Builder, and more than possible, it's simple! There's no excuse for saying it can't be done.


text:
Nesting ecology of Pied Avocet Recurvirostra avosetta in Sfax salina, Tunisia
AbstractEven though Sfax salina in Tunisia hosts a significant part of the Mediterranean population of Pied Avocet Recurvirostra avosetta, data on the breeding ecology of this species in this area are lacking. Such data are nonetheless necessary, not only for the understanding of the ecology and dynamics of this species in general, but also for conservation purposes. In this paper we use the results of a one-year monitoring of nests in Sfax salina to provide information on its nesting parameters, in particular nesting phenology, colony size and hatching success. Our results show that Pied Avocets formed dense colonies at the beginning of the nesting season, but colony size decreased as the nesting season advanced. Clutch size varied between 1 and 7 eggs, similar to other Mediterranean and European populations. Hatching success, estimated by the Mayfield method, was relatively low, mainly due to predation by stray dogs. Overall, our work shows that relatively high nest losses occur here. It also highlights the need for management efforts aiming to enhance the reproductive success in this artificial habitat. Creation of suitable and safe nesting sites is proposed.
OSTRICH 2011, 82(1): 11–16
Copyright for articles published in this journal is retained by the journal.


text:
Flow Slide Diversion Walls
These slides show a method of reducing the hazard to structures below hillsides in areas where debris flows occur, by constructing walls that divert the flow slides around the structures.
This drawing shows the flow slide diversion wall concept. The V-shaped upper end is designed to divert the flows to either side of the structure. (Drawing by Hollingsworth and Kovacs).
View of the upper end of a flow slide diversion wall. (Photo by Hollingsworth and Kovacs).
View of a wall and the protected house from uphill. (Photo by Hollingsworth and Kovacs).


perl,unix , Capture tee's argument inside piped Perl execution
Capture tee's argument inside piped Perl execution
Question:
Tag: perl,unix
How to capture piped command's argument ?
I use :
perl my_script.pl -some_args | tee arg_filename
How to get arg_filename 's value inside my_script.pl ?
CONTEXT
I need to send this filename in a mail which my_script.pl sends at the end.
I need to use tee because we dump huge output in the standard logging which we use inside my_script.pl but we print more relevant things on STDOUT and STDERR.
This script imports and uses additional proprietary libraries which could not be edited. But they too generate logs.
Answer:
The short answer is - you can't.
tee is a separate process with it's own arguments. There is no way to access these arguments from that process. (well, I suppose you could run ps or something).
The point of tee is to take STDOUT write some of it to a log file, and pass through the rest of it down the 'pipe'. (Which results in printing it if nothing else).
What you could probably do instead is implement some manner of logging within your perl script, where the core functionality of tee is replicated by printing a line to both STDOUT and a designated log file.
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text:
Location of Grane Dam in Germany Lower Saxony
|Dam and spillways|
|Width (crest)||8 m|
|Dam volume||1.8 million m³|
|Spillway capacity||70 m³/s|
|Total capacity||46.39 million m³|
|Catchment area||22 km²|
|Surface area||219 ha|
It is the newest dam in the Harz, built in 1969 in the Grane valley. Because the river Grane itself does not deliver enough water for the 3 km long reservoir, a 7.4 km long diversion channel was built from the Oker river below the Oker Dam. This also collects water from the Gose on the way. A further 4.8 km long diversion runs from the Radau to the Großer Romke and thus into the Oker-Grane Tunnel as well. Likewise there is a 4.6 km long underground tunnel to the Innerste Dam. The operator of the Grane Dam, as well as its associated diversion systems and waterworks is the Harzwasserwerke.
The barrage is an earth dam with asphaltic concrete lining.
The Grane Reservoir (Granestausee) supplies drinking water, acts as flood protection, water regulation and electricity generation. The hydro-electric power station has a power output of 180 kW. The waterworks for drinking water lies higher up on the northern slope. The water from the reservoir is pumped up into a compensating storage basin of 60,000 m³ capacity, from where it flows to the waterworks. The Grane Dam has an average annual discharge of 55 million m³.
Because the reservoir provides drinking water, water sports are not allowed. Even motor traffic is kept away from it. A track for maintenance was laid around the reservoir, which is also open to walkers and cyclists and is about 17 km long.
There is a checkpoint (no. 110) in the Harzer Wandernadel hiking network by the reservoir known as Granestausee.
- Peter Franke; Wolfgang Frey (1987) (in German), Talsperren in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland, Berlin: Systemdruck, ISBN 3-926520-00-0
- Harzwasserwerke.de with link to current dam data


Concentration? Percentage? How do I figure the water amount for my lye solution?
When it comes to cold process soapmaking, some things are absolutely necessary and rigid, like how much sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is needed for a given amount of oils. It's a property of the oils and can't be changed without affecting the outcome of the soap, sometimes in really bad ways.
Other things are much more flexible, like the amount of water that is used to make the lye solution. The water is only there to dissolve the NaOH. Using more or less may affect how the soap mixes up, but in the end the water evaporates out and the finished, cured soap is what's left. In fact, many experienced soapmakers use lye solutions that are quite concentrated so that they don't have to wait so long for their bars to get dried-out and hard. It's a real time-saver!
If you're ready to start using your lye solution at a higher concentration, I can help you figure out how much water you will need to get there. The math can be a bit confusing for some. But I have a little formula that should do the trick.
So first, let's explain percentage strength of a solution.
When we talk about a solution being, for example, at a 25% concentration, we are saying that it is 25% solute (the thing you are making the solution out of) and 75% diluent (the thing that you are dissolving the solute in).
In our case NaOH is the solute and water is the diluent. So a 25% lye solution is 25% NaOH and 75% water. "Per cent" means "per 100". So the total percentage always adds up to 100.
Want another way to think about it? Imagine you have a 25% lye solution in a bowl. If you have 100 gr of lye solution in that bowl, there is 25 gr of NaOH and 75 gr of water.
OK, got the concept? Now how do you get your lye solution to be the concentration you want?
Well, you could use a lye calculator that can figure it out. The one in Soapmaker 3 software will do the math for you. So will the Soap Calc online.
But what happens when you're not near your computer? Or you just like doing the calculations yourself. (Yay for math geeks!)
I'll show you how to work it out. Now don't get scared off by the math. Just think of it as a simple ratio. All we have to figure out is how many parts of water do we need for the amount of NaOH in our recipe to get a given percentage.
Here's the formula:
(100 minus "percentage you want") divided by "percentage you want" = the multiplication factor that you use to calculate the water
Huh? Yeah. Let's plug in some numbers.
Let's keep using our 25% solution example. And let's say that I need 72g of NaOH for the recipe that I'm going to make (I used a lye calculator to figure that out for me.) I need to know how much water to use to make my solution 25%.
Here's that formula with the numbers plugged in:
(100 minus 25) divided by 25 = 75 divided by 25 = 3.00 <– that is the ratio of NaOH to water
So now we multiply the amount of NaOH times the ratio:
72g X 3.00 = 216g <– the amount of water you need
Mix 72g of NaOH and 216g of water and you get 288g of a lye solution that is at 25% concentration.
Easy, right?
It works for whatever concentration you want. Just make sure your ratio answer has at least 2 decimal places to be more accurate.
Now, I'll show you what happens if I changed my mind and I want my solution to be 34% concentration. It's going to be more concentrated, so I'm going to need less water. How much less? Let's find out:
(100 minus 34) divided by 34 = 66 divided by 34 = 1.94
So, 72g X 1.94 = 140 gr of water, which is what you need to make a 34% solution. Wow! That's quite a bit less water!
Remember to use the higher concentration of NaOH only when you are comfortable with soapmaking, and are familiar with the formula that you will be using. You don't want to do this with a brand new fragrance for example, or you may end up reading about soap that seizes!
40 thoughts on "Concentration? Percentage? How do I figure the water amount for my lye solution?
 1. Ruth thank you for spelling this out so clearly! Now even I understand! To rely on soapcalc is so easy until you don't have it and now I don't have to it is an option!
 2. Hi Ruth, I attended my first HSMG conference last week and heard you speak on alternative liquids. Thanks so much for sharing your knowledge. You are a good speaker, I like how simple you make it. I'd like to try this method, does it shorten curing times at all? For a first timer how much of a solution would you suggest? I am currently using a 28% solution (if I did the math right).
 - Hi Naomi! I'm glad you enjoyed my talk!
 Yes, using less water to make your lye solution does mean that your soap will be dryer sooner. So it will probably cut a week or so from curing time, depending on where you live. For a beginner, 28% is a great concentration. Once you get comfortable with soapmaking, and are familiar with making a few batches with a given fragrance, then you can try 30% or 33%. The highest I've ever heard of using is 40%, but that was from some very experienced soapmakers!
 Good luck with yours!
 3. Ruth, I just wanted to give you a quick update. I tried using 34% lye solution and I'm thrilled with the results! Thanks so much again for sharing this information. I found my soap is drier much sooner than usual. I found I can cut 24 hours off my waiting time before cutting my soap. I used to wait until my soap is 4 weeks old to stamp it because it was so soft, but now I am able to cut that down to just 2 weeks. In addition to that I've cut one whole week off of my curing time, yah! I've discovered that I must work even quicker with certain FOs that are prone to seizing, though. I've made 15 small batches with this new formula and I'm making it a permanent change. Many thanks to you!
 4. Ruth thank u for yuors willingness.i tried to make with 28% concentration but i have not understand how much fatty acid used for 72 gm of NaOH? And when i tried 500gm fatty the lather of soap is not enough so what shall i do for better lather formation thank u for yours time spending
 5. How can I make my bar soap harder and prevent it from sweating. I'm in Ghana can u assist me to get get titanium dioxide 1kg to buy? Can you help me get it through post since i can get here, by letting me know mode of payment?
 - Hi! Are you asking about cold process soap? Oils that help with making a harder bar are palm oil, cocoa butter and rice bran oil. Try including some of those in your recipe. The sweating comes from the glycerin in the soap. Depending on your environment and how humid the air is, it may be hard to stop that. Try storing the soap in as dry a place as you can. And I don't sell supplies, but some of my favorite US suppliers are Bramble Berry, TKB Trading and Soap Making Resource. Good luck!
 6. Great article Ruth – I'm not sure what I was doing during maths at high school, but it wasn't maths. My burning question is this. I'm upscaling the size of my batches so the slushy method of goat milk soap making is getting harder to manage. I want to make a very concentrated lye and then use goat milk to make the balance. I've always made 100% goat milk so I'm not keen on going to 50/50 style. I'd like to know how concentrated a lye solution I can make without the sodium hydroxide saturating the solution and precipitating.
 - Thanks, Melissa. I'm afraid that the highest concentration you can go with sodium hydroxide is 50% before it just won't go into solution anymore. So that means 50% goat milk is the best you can do, unless you use evaporated goat milk. But I'm guessing that you have your own fresh goat milk, so that wouldn't be very appealing to you. But I think 50% goat milk is still pretty wonderful! :)
 7. I have been making soap for 3 years using the water to oil % and have just learned about the lye concentration, dont know how i missed it before. I've been using 38% water to oils, so if i change to using the lye concentration method ( I understand how to work it out I'm not sure what concentration i should use. I have been playing around with


text:
International Association of Scientific Innovation and Research (IASIR)
In this paper, the authors present a new approach for communication with computer systems using hand gesture. The process is based on extracting features of the hand region and then using these features for communication with computer system. Their approach is defined in three steps segmentation for hand localization, feature extraction and feature identification to create a fuzzy rule base. The gesture is a natural way of communication for many people with sign language. In computer systems, gesture recognition is very difficult and complex task since the full recognition system should be able to identify the hand in different scales, positions, orientations, contrasts, funds, luminosity and others.


text:
What does being a first-generation student mean?
A formal definition of a first-generation college student is a student whose parent(s) did not complete a four-year college or university degree. However, at Marquette, we understand that this definition may not fully account for the rich diversity of first-generation college students. For example, your parent(s) could have some college experience but did not earn a degree from a four-year college or university. Your grandparents, aunts/uncles and siblings could also have degrees, and you would still qualify as first generation. Some first-generation students come from low-income households. Some are students of color, children of immigrant parents and others are working-class white students.
Despite the different backgrounds of first-generation college students, there is much more that you all may have in common. First-generation college students are often highly motivated and eager to excel in a college setting, but you may also encounter the following challenges:
- You may feel the pressure to excel as the first in your family to make it to college.
- You may find it difficult to relate to your peers who do not share the experience of being a first-generation college student.
- You may have to learn the unspoken cultural norms and expectations of university life.
- You may have to constantly explain the demands and rigors of college life to your friends and family.
(Adapted from Loyola University Chicago)


Review Index:
Angel Eye Bay-Res Water-Cooling Reservoir
Manufacturer: Angel Eye USA
Reservoir and Installation
Why use a reservoir?
The use of a reservoir in a PC water-cooling system is optional. For many the advantages of using a reservoir outweigh the disadvantages. Reservoirs come in many different shapes, sizes and styles. Some contain a submerged pump while others do not and are connected inline. The Angel Eye Bay-Res is an inline reservoir. This means you can pretty much plumb it wherever you want in the water-cooling system. My personal preference is to have the reservoir connected directly ahead of the pump.
Advantages of using a reservoir:
 - Provides an easily accessible fill point
 - Serves as an air trap to help remove air bubbles
 - Provides a reserve volume of water to make up for losses that occur over time
 - Can help reduce NPSH (Net Positive Suction Head) of the pump
 - Allows for expansion and contraction of the systems water volume
Disadvantages of using a reservoir:
 - Can be bulky – may be hard to locate in small systems
 - Potential source of flow restriction and leaks
The two most obvious advantages of using a reservoir are providing an easy access point to fill or add water to the system and helping get rid of trapped air bubbles, especially during startup. When you first setup a system, there will always be some air bubbles circulating around in the water. These air bubbles must be removed for optimum performance (water transports heat a lot more efficiently than air).
As the water enters the relatively large volume of the reservoir, the water velocity will decrease (don't confuse velocity with flow – the overall flow rate will remain constant in a closed system). Air bubbles can become trapped in a high velocity fluid stream and may only rise to the surface when the water velocity slows down enough to release them.
In general the higher the overall system flow rate, the larger the reservoir volume will need to be to effectively remove air from the system. Remember though, just because you may have a pump that is rated at 300 GPH free flow, doesn't mean you will have anywhere near that amount in a real system. In addition to the total volume, the shape of the reservoir and use of baffles and/or screens can have a large affect on a reservoir's ability to remove trapped air bubbles. The Bay-Res Rev. 2 incorporates a center baffle, which forces the water to flow down one side and back the other. This helps minimize turbulence and gives the air bubbles a greater chance to reach the surface.
One of the nice features of an inline reservoir is that you can place it most anywhere you want in your system. This means the Bay-Res can go in the top, middle or bottom drive bay. Now some people think that having the reservoir at the highest point in the case is best since air bubbles rise to the highest point, right? Well actually, no. Air bubbles will only freely rise to the highest point when there is no flow. The normal flow in an operating system is usually enough to keep air bubbles trapped and circulating in the coolant stream. Only when the water velocity decreases in the reservoir do the air bubbles have a chance to slow down and rise to the surface.
Installing the Bay-Res in an open 5.25" drive bay was much like installing a typical optical drive. The reservoir is held in place with the four supplied screws. Having a case that uses sliding drive bay rails is a big advantage – it allows quickly and easily sliding the reservoir out for filling or topping off the system.
If your case does not have sliding bay rails then you will have to remove the reservoir mounting screws before you can slide the reservoir forward for filling or topping off the system. Alternately, if the bay(s) above the reservoir are empty, that can also provide access to the fill port.
I generally find that mounting the Bay-Res in the lower 5.25" drive bay works the best for me as it keeps the reservoir below the optical drives (just in case we experience a leak) and the tubing more closely lines up with other components (like the waterblock). In reality, with the option of using either straight or 90º fittings, you can place it in any drive bay you choose.
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Capital IconMinnesota Legislature
Office of the Revisor of Statutes
Subdivision 1.Fraud prevention measures required.
Each money transmitter shall:
(1) provide a clear, concise, and conspicuous consumer fraud warning on all transmittal forms used by consumers to send money to an individual;
(2) provide consumer fraud prevention training for agents involved with transmittals;
(3) monitor agent activity relating to consumer transmittals; and
(4) establish a toll-free number for consumers to call to report fraud or suspected fraud.
Subd. 2.Voluntary disqualification by customer.
A money transmitter that originates money transfers in this state must allow an individual to voluntarily disqualify the individual from sending or receiving money transfers. The disqualification lasts for one year, unless the individual requests that it be in effect for a period longer than one year. The individual may terminate the disqualification at any time upon written notice to the money transmitter.
Subd. 3.
MS 2018 [Repealed, 2020 c 80 art 1 s 29]
Subd. 4.
Subd. 5.High incidence of schemes to defraud.
The commissioner, after consulting with licensed money transmitters, may recommend a maximum transaction amount for money transmissions to countries associated with high incidence of schemes to defraud.
Subd. 6.Notification of attempted receipt of money transfer at unexpected location.
Upon request of a sender of a money transmission, a money transmitter shall promptly notify the sender if the money transmitter receives notice that a person has attempted to receive the transfer at a physical location in a state or country other than the state or country specified by the sender. The money transmitter shall not authorize receipt of the transfer at any physical location not specified in writing by the sender at the time of the transmission unless the money transmitter has received authorization from the sender.
Subd. 7.Verification of name and location of receipt of money transfer.
Upon request of a sender or the authorized delegate of a money transmission, a money transmitter shall provide the sender verification of the location where the transfer was received and the name of the person receiving the transfer. This subdivision only applies to transmissions received at a physical location.
Official Publication of the State of Minnesota
Revisor of Statutes


Collaborating Authors
AI-enabled Automation for Completeness Checking of Privacy Policies Artificial Intelligence
Technological advances in information sharing have raised concerns about data protection. Privacy policies contain privacy-related requirements about how the personal data of individuals will be handled by an organization or a software system (e.g., a web service or an app). In Europe, privacy policies are subject to compliance with the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). A prerequisite for GDPR compliance checking is to verify whether the content of a privacy policy is complete according to the provisions of GDPR. Incomplete privacy policies might result in large fines on violating organization as well as incomplete privacy-related software specifications. Manual completeness checking is both time-consuming and error-prone. In this paper, we propose AI-based automation for the completeness checking of privacy policies. Through systematic qualitative methods, we first build two artifacts to characterize the privacy-related provisions of GDPR, namely a conceptual model and a set of completeness criteria. Then, we develop an automated solution on top of these artifacts by leveraging a combination of natural language processing and supervised machine learning. Specifically, we identify the GDPR-relevant information content in privacy policies and subsequently check them against the completeness criteria. To evaluate our approach, we collected 234 real privacy policies from the fund industry. Over a set of 48 unseen privacy policies, our approach detected 300 of the total of 334 violations of some completeness criteria correctly, while producing 23 false positives. The approach thus has a precision of 92.9% and recall of 89.8%. Compared to a baseline that applies keyword search only, our approach results in an improvement of 24.5% in precision and 38% in recall.
Fair Normalizing Flows Artificial Intelligence
Fair representation learning is an attractive approach that promises fairness of downstream predictors by encoding sensitive data. Unfortunately, recent work has shown that strong adversarial predictors can still exhibit unfairness by recovering sensitive attributes from these representations. In this work, we present Fair Normalizing Flows (FNF), a new approach offering more rigorous fairness guarantees for learned representations. Specifically, we consider a practical setting where we can estimate the probability density for sensitive groups. The key idea is to model the encoder as a normalizing flow trained to minimize the statistical distance between the latent representations of different groups. The main advantage of FNF is that its exact likelihood computation allows us to obtain guarantees on the maximum unfairness of any potentially adversarial downstream predictor. We experimentally demonstrate the effectiveness of FNF in enforcing various group fairness notions, as well as other attractive properties such as interpretability and transfer learning, on a variety of challenging real-world datasets.
Review of Low-Voltage Load Forecasting: Methods, Applications, and Recommendations Machine Learning
The increased digitalisation and monitoring of the energy system opens up numerous opportunities % and solutions which can help to decarbonise the energy system. Applications on low voltage (LV), localised networks, such as community energy markets and smart storage will facilitate decarbonisation, but they will require advanced control and management. Reliable forecasting will be a necessary component of many of these systems to anticipate key features and uncertainties. Despite this urgent need, there has not yet been an extensive investigation into the current state-of-the-art of low voltage level forecasts, other than at the smart meter level. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the landscape, current approaches, core applications, challenges and recommendations. Another aim of this paper is to facilitate the continued improvement and advancement in this area. To this end, the paper also surveys some of the most relevant and promising trends. It establishes an open, community-driven list of the known LV level open datasets to encourage further research and development.
MTH-IDS: A Multi-Tiered Hybrid Intrusion Detection System for Internet of Vehicles Artificial Intelligence
Modern vehicles, including connected vehicles and autonomous vehicles, nowadays involve many electronic control units connected through intra-vehicle networks to implement various functionalities and perform actions. Modern vehicles are also connected to external networks through vehicle-to-everything technologies, enabling their communications with other vehicles, infrastructures, and smart devices. However, the improving functionality and connectivity of modern vehicles also increase their vulnerabilities to cyber-attacks targeting both intra-vehicle and external networks due to the large attack surfaces. To secure vehicular networks, many researchers have focused on developing intrusion detection systems (IDSs) that capitalize on machine learning methods to detect malicious cyber-attacks. In this paper, the vulnerabilities of intra-vehicle and external networks are discussed, and a multi-tiered hybrid IDS that incorporates a signature-based IDS and an anomaly-based IDS is proposed to detect both known and unknown attacks on vehicular networks. Experimental results illustrate that the proposed system can detect various types of known attacks with 99.99% accuracy on the CAN-intrusion-dataset representing the intra-vehicle network data and 99.88% accuracy on the CICIDS2017 dataset illustrating the external vehicular network data. For the zero-day attack detection, the proposed system achieves high F1-scores of 0.963 and 0.800 on the above two datasets, respectively. The average processing time of each data packet on a vehicle-level machine is less than 0.6 ms, which shows the feasibility of implementing the proposed system in real-time vehicle systems. This emphasizes the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed IDS.
Negative Selection Algorithm Research and Applications in the last decade: A Review Artificial Intelligence
The Negative selection Algorithm (NSA) is one of the important methods in the field of Immunological Computation (or Artificial Immune Systems). Over the years, some progress was made which turns this algorithm (NSA) into an efficient approach to solve problems in different domain. This review takes into account these signs of progress during the last decade and categorizes those based on different characteristics and performances. Our study shows that NSA's evolution can be labeled in four ways highlighting the most notable NSA variations and their limitations in different application domains. We also present alternative approaches to NSA for comparison and analysis. It is evident that NSA performs better for nonlinear representation than most of the other methods, and it can outperform neural-based models in computation time. We summarize NSA's development and highlight challenges in NSA research in comparison with other similar models.
Randomized Algorithms for Scientific Computing (RASC) Artificial Intelligence
Adversarial Diffusion Attacks on Graph-based Traffic Prediction Models Artificial Intelligence
Real-time traffic prediction models play a pivotal role in smart mobility systems and have been widely used in route guidance, emerging mobility services, and advanced traffic management systems. With the availability of massive traffic data, neural network-based deep learning methods, especially the graph convolutional networks (GCN) have demonstrated outstanding performance in mining spatio-temporal information and achieving high prediction accuracy. Recent studies reveal the vulnerability of GCN under adversarial attacks, while there is a lack of studies to understand the vulnerability issues of the GCN-based traffic prediction models. Given this, this paper proposes a new task -- diffusion attack, to study the robustness of GCN-based traffic prediction models. The diffusion attack aims to select and attack a small set of nodes to degrade the performance of the entire prediction model. To conduct the diffusion attack, we propose a novel attack algorithm, which consists of two major components: 1) approximating the gradient of the black-box prediction model with Simultaneous Perturbation Stochastic Approximation (SPSA); 2) adapting the knapsack greedy algorithm to select the attack nodes. The proposed algorithm is examined with three GCN-based traffic prediction models: St-Gcn, T-Gcn, and A3t-Gcn on two cities. The proposed algorithm demonstrates high efficiency in the adversarial attack tasks under various scenarios, and it can still generate adversarial samples under the drop regularization such as DropOut, DropNode, and DropEdge. The research outcomes could help to improve the robustness of the GCN-based traffic prediction models and better protect the smart mobility systems. Our code is available at
Supervised Feature Selection Techniques in Network Intrusion Detection: a Critical Review Artificial Intelligence
Machine Learning (ML) techniques are becoming an invaluable support for network intrusion detection, especially in revealing anomalous flows, which often hide cyber-threats. Typically, ML algorithms are exploited to classify/recognize data traffic on the basis of statistical features such as inter-arrival times, packets length distribution, mean number of flows, etc. Dealing with the vast diversity and number of features that typically characterize data traffic is a hard problem. This results in the following issues: i) the presence of so many features leads to lengthy training processes (particularly when features are highly correlated), while prediction accuracy does not proportionally improve; ii) some of the features may introduce bias during the classification process, particularly those that have scarce relation with the data traffic to be classified. To this end, by reducing the feature space and retaining only the most significant features, Feature Selection (FS) becomes a crucial pre-processing step in network management and, specifically, for the purposes of network intrusion detection. In this review paper, we complement other surveys in multiple ways: i) evaluating more recent datasets (updated w.r.t. obsolete KDD 99) by means of a designed-from-scratch Python-based procedure; ii) providing a synopsis of most credited FS approaches in the field of intrusion detection, including Multi-Objective Evolutionary techniques; iii) assessing various experimental analyses such as feature correlation, time complexity, and performance. Our comparisons offer useful guidelines to network/security managers who are considering the incorporation of ML concepts into network intrusion detection, where trade-offs between performance and resource consumption are crucial.
Balancing Biases and Preserving Privacy on Balanced Faces in the Wild Artificial Intelligence
There are demographic biases in the SOTA CNN used for FR. Our BFW dataset serves as a proxy to measure bias across ethnicity and gender subgroups, allowing us to characterize FR performances per subgroup. We show


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Department of Defense
The Department of Defense (DOD) has a history of commitment to environmental security and the management of resources that have been entrusted to its stewardship. In addition, DOD is bound by certain Federal land management laws, such as the Endangered Species Act and the National Environmental Policy Act, and has developed regulations pertaining to resources management.
What is green infrastructure at DOD?
This agency does not specifically define green infrastructure, but uses it as a component of its strategies dealing with land conservation and economic and community development issues.
What DOD departments are involved in green infrastructure?
The Office of the Deputy Under Secretary Of Defense Installations and Environment's (I&E) mission is to provide installation assets and services necessary to support military forces in a cost effective, safe, sustainable and environmentally sound manner. Within I&E, the Readiness and Environmental Protection Initiative (REPI), part of the Department of Defenses' Sustainable Ranges Initiative, is DOD's core effort aimed at protecting military readiness by preventing incompatible development and preserving habitat through buffer projects, supportive education, engagement, and regional planning. Military Buffer zones account for millions of acres of conservation land, preserve green infrastructure and protect ecosystem services, and protect defense test and support services. DOD partners with conservation organizations, (e.g. the Nature Conservancy) and state and local governments, to preserve buffer land and habitat around military installations and ranges.
Additional DOD green infrastructure resources:
- Department of Defense Installation Watershed Impact Assessment Protocol report assesses the potential impact of installation activities on watersheds.
- The Sustainable Ranges Initiative ensures the long-term viability and continuity of military training and testing ranges while providing good stewardship for the land.
- Collaborative Land Use Planning: A Guide for Military Installations and Local Governments provides an overview of how collaboration between regional councils and military installations is crucial to ensure that the presence of military installations within a community does not negatively impact either.
- Working to Preserve Farm, Forest and Ranch Lands assists DOD planners on how to work with communities to help conserve land for farming, protect valuable habitat to support well-planned growth, and preserve significant historical and cultural assets while promoting military development.


Triangle of reference
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
The triangle of reference (also known as the triangle of meaning[1] and the semiotic triangle) is a model of how linguistic symbols are related to the objects they represent. The triangle was published in The Meaning of Meaning (1923) by Ogden and Richards.[2] While often referred to as the "Ogden/Richards triangle" the idea is also expressed in 1810, by Bernard Bolzano, in his Beiträge zu einer begründeteren Darstellung der Mathematik. However, the triangle can be traced back to the 4th century BC, in Aristotle's Peri Hermeneias (often referred to in its Latin translation De Interpretatione, second book of his Organon). The Triangle relates to the problem of universals, a philosophical debate which split ancient and medieval philosophers (mainly realists and nominalists).
The triangle describes a simplified form of relationship between the speaker as subject, a concept as object or referent, and its designation (sign, signans). For more elaborated research see Semiotics.
Ogden semiotic triangle.png
Interlocutory applications[edit]
Other triangles[edit]
The relations between the triangular corners may be phrased more precisely in causal terms as follows[citation needed][original research?]:
 1. The matter evokes the writer's thought.
 2. The writer refers the matter to the symbol.
 3. The symbol evokes the reader's thought.
 4. The reader refers the symbol back to the matter.
The communicative stand[edit]
Such a triangle represents ONE person, whereas communication takes place between TWO (objects, not necessarily persons). So imagine another triangle and consider that for the two to understand each other, the content that the "triangles" represent must fit or be aligned. Clearly, this calls for synchronisation and an interface as well as scale among other things. Notice also, that we perceive the world mostly through our eyes and in alternative phases of seeing and not seeing with change in the environment as the most important information to look for. Our eyes are lenses and we see a surface (2D) in ONE direction (focusing) if we are stationary and the object is not moving either. This is why you may position yourself in one corner of the triangle and by replicating (mirroring) it, you will be able to see the whole picture, your cognitive epistemological and the ontological existential or physical model of life, the universe, existence, etc. combined.[citation needed][original research?]
Direction of fit[edit]
Main article: Direction of fit
John Searle used the notion of "direction of fit" to create a taxonomy of illocutionary acts. [3] [4]
World or
or Word
 Writer's THOUGHT retrieves SYMBOL suited to REFERENT, Word suited to World.
 Reader's THOUGHT retrieves REFERENT suited to SYMBOL, World suited to Word.
Actually the arrows indicate that there is something exchanged between the two parties and it is a feedback cycle. Especially, if you imagine that the world is represented in both persons' mind and used for reality check. If you look at the triangle above again, then remember that reality check is not what is indicated there between the sign and the referent and marked as "true', because a term or a sign is allocated "arbitrarily'. What you check for is the observance of the law of identity which requires you and your partner to sort out that you are talking about the same thing. So the chunk of reality and the term are replaceable/interchangeable within limits and your concepts in the mind as presented in some appropriate way are all related and mean the same thing. Usually the check does not stop there, your ideas must also be tested for feasibility and doability to make sure that they are "real" and not "phantasy". Reality check comes from consolidating your experience with other people's experience to avoid solipsism and/or by putting your ideas (projection) in practice (production) and see the reaction. Notice, however how vague the verbs used and how the concept of a fit itself is left unexplained in details.[editorializing]
See also[edit]
 1. ^ Colin Cherry (1957) On Human Communication
 2. ^ C. K. Ogden and I. A. Richards (1923) The Meaning of Meaning
 3. ^ John Searle (1975) "A Taxonomy of Illocutionary Acts", in: Gunderson, K. (ed.), Language, Mind, and Knowledge (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press) pp. 344-369.
 4. ^ John Searle (1976) "A Classification of Illocutionary Acts", Language in Society, Vol.5, pp. 1-24.
External links[edit]


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What is Deferred Compensation?
- Deferred compensation is a certain amount of compensation from an employee that is put to one side to be paid at a later date.
- The different types of deferred compensation contain pension plans, stock option plans and retirement plans.
- A deferred compensation plan is a way for employers to motivate their key employees and hold onto them.
- Deferred compensation can also be qualified or non-qualified. These are the two types of deferred compensation.
- Qualified deferred compensation plans are governed by planned pension plans. If an organisation has this put into the position they must offer it to all their employees.
- Non - qualified deferred compensation plans are a way for employers to attract and motivate key employees in a workplace to stay.


genus Loligo
Also found in: Thesaurus.
ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend:
Noun1.genus Loligo - squids
mollusk genus - a genus of mollusks
Decapoda, order Decapoda - squids and cuttlefishes
loligo - somewhat flattened cylindrical squid
References in periodicals archive ?
The number of chromatic components described for the genus Loligo is large and complex.
Finally, and perhaps most i mportant, squid of the genus Loligo (and other genera that contain "giant" axons) inhabit a wide variety of thermal environments.


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Evaluation, for conservationists, comes down to a single question, "did it work?"
Given that we are battling against insuperable odds to reverse the decline of threatened species, every piece of information that brings something of value to the table should be considered, especially if it implicates what works – and what doesn't.
Workshop is a resource that acts as a 'virtual workshop', which
- reassures project managers (and potential donors) that nothing obvious – that usually works or doesn't work – has been overlooked
- requires each project to be available for the same evaluation and feedback process, thereby contributing further valuable data to the knowledge base
- is accessible, useful, fast and free
Workshop is a web-based knowledge bank, which
- encourages clear aims and objectives for the project, preferably arrived at by a facilitated process
- predicts the likely success and failure factors, from a selection of over one hundred positive and one hundred negative options, drawn from over 1,500 evaluated results
- conducts a free, qualitative evaluation (by interview) of the project outcomes, feeding back the results into the Workshop knowledge base.
Interactive workshop programme under construction


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The program combines group therapy sessions with adventure and art/craft filled activities. All activities are capacity building, encouraging young people to try new experiences, and build on their list of things they love to do. ACA offer the following programs:
- Autistic Young Persons' Program
- Siblings Program
- Parent and Carer Program
The ACA program runs over 4 days and 5 nights. The program taps into existing regional group recreation/camp facilities with safety, privacy, autonomy and low sensory input as priorities.


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FRENCH BEE HIVES – A COUNTRY'S TREASURE
The History of the Bee Symbol
The ubiquitous Provencal bee has its origins in the old 1st century Merovingian dynasty. Childeric the 1st was the first French king to use the bee as a symbol. A symbol of immortality and resurrection, the bee was chosen so as to link the new dynasty to the very origins of France. Golden bees (in fact, cicadas) were discovered in 1653 in Tournai in Childeric's tomb. The original bee was actually shaped more like the cicada, but the symbol has evolved to be more of a honeybee shape. The bee is believed to be one of the oldest symbols of French royalty.
Continue reading "French Bee Hives"
Today is an exciting day! Crown and Colony has been unpacking the latest antiques shipment and transforming the shops with treasures from abroad. By Monday morning we will have everything new and exciting and wonderful on the floors at Crown and Colony, Aubergine and RF Antique Shops in Fairhope, AL — All the shops are within walking distance to each other — such an advantage for our customers!
The owners of these three shops, Ann and Peter Fargason, travel to France on multiple buying trips throughout the year to curate a collection of special finds and antiques to bring back home to the retail shops. The trip always begins with a train ride to some wonderful antique show or village.
Ann about to board a train in France! It was quite cold, but that did not stop her and Peter — the buying was fabulous on this last trip!
And, the eating of French cuisine was, as usual, a special treat. Below, Ann and Peter about to order lunch at one of their favorite and charming French cafes.
The final choices from the menu:
Seared fish over potatoes and sauteed vegetables.
AND….How could one not love a puff pastry with French cheese inside?
Hotel de Ville with a fresh produce market outside.
Continue reading "Container from France has arrived!"
Palissy Ware / Majolica
'Palissy Ware' was launched in great reproduction efforts in 1849 and is a term for ceramics produced in the style of the famous French potter Bernard Palissy (_PHONE_), the great French Renaissance potter, who created a style of ceramic art that reproduced three-dimensional still lifes.
Very special Palissy Style Plates are shown below – This particular plate is decorated in relief with a lobster and shells. And another displaying a crab. This originated with the idea that using naturalistic scenes of plants and animals cast from life brought authenticity into the home.
Palissy copied things like the fish, frogs, lizards, & snails arranged onto large platters (wall plates, wall platters, chargers) — He copied floral and fauna found in or near Paris. He patterned the fish after those found in the Seine River and the fossil shells are easily recognized as the tertiary shells of the Paris basin. These pièces rustiques, as Palissy himself called them, were made for decorative purposes only. Palissy was the mother of what is now called Majolica.
Continue reading "Palissy Ware / Majolica"
Confit is the French word that means "to preserve"– the mustard and green pots were used for storing cooked meats and then buried in the ground or stored in stone-lined larders. This storage process preserved the cooked meat without refrigeration and could then be enjoyed throughout the winter months. The bottom halves were left unglazed for burying in the ground since the glaze would normally fall off sealed in the ground. Meats, most often duck, goose, or pork, preserved in this method are often considered a delicacy. Confit d'oie is preserved goose and confit de canard is preserved duck. The meat in these dishes is moist and delicate.
Continue reading "Confit Pots"
Early history of the absinthe drink
Absinthe was first created in 1792 by Pierre Ordinaire, a French doctor living in Switzerland. His intention was to deliver the extract of the wormwood plant — which had long been known to have powerful healing effects — in a handy form.
The production of absinthe in a commercial sense began in 1797 when a man named Major Dubied bought the recipe from Dr. Ordinaire. He began to manufacture the spirit with his son-in-law, Henri-Louis Pernod, in Val-de-Travers, Switzerland.
As the production of absinthe proved successful, Pernod in 1805, moved production to a larger facility across the border in Pontarlier, France. And then what began as a medicinal elixir, absinthe steadily grew into a global phenomenon.
In France, absinthe quickly caught on as the favorite drink of the aristocracy. In the 1850's, the popularity of absinthe skyrocketed as the bohemian literary crowd embraced the "Green Fairy". Many famous poets, writers and artists of the day routinely reached for a glass in search of inspiration.
Continue reading "Absinthe Cocktails"


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Artist projects in the border region (2021)
In 2021 Very Contemporary invites contemporary artists to shine their light on the unique characteristics of the Meuse-Rhine Euregion. Professional artists with a link to the region are invited to produce an artwork or event containing topics such as: crossing borders, distance, barriers, language, landscape, cultural and industrial heritage, travelling, cycling, history and the future.
During a research phase the artists research the particularities of the region. During that time they collaborate with at least two of the Very Contemporary venues. In 2021/2022 the artists present their end results to the public in the Euregion.