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NX8.5 Shop Docs Common Questions and Answers
Siemens Experimenter Siemens Experimenter
Siemens Experimenter
Overview
Documenting the manufacturing plan and the specifics of the NC program are important pieces of the part manufacturing process. This Tech Tip covers several Questions and Answers regarding Shop Documentation in NX CAM.
ShopDocQA.png

Created with NX 8.5

Details
Seven questions about Shop Documentation customization are compiled here:
 1. How do I find the MOM variable that corresponds to a particular user input?
 2. How can I combine mom variables to get a sum total?
 3. I get the following error message. What does it mean?
 4. How do you output Shop Docs as a Microsoft Word doc?
 5. Does Shop Docs support any version of Excel prior to Excel 2007?
 6. Can the Postprocess dialog still be used to create shop Documentation?
 7. How do I find a MOM variable for operation machining time that is not listed on sheet 2 of the OOTB template?

Question: How do I find the MOM variable that corresponds to a particular user input? For example, I would like to output the Stepover Maximum Distance in my shop documentation. How do I find the MOM variable that corresponds to Maximum Distance?
Answer:
 1. In NX, edit an operation (i.e. Cavity Mill) that contains the user input in the dialog box.
 2. Key in a unique, identifiable value such as 1.2345:
Image1.jpg

3. Click OK to finish editing the operation.
4. With the operation highlighted in the Operation Navigator, select Shop Documentation.
5. In the Shop Documentation dialog box, select the desired Report Format (template), set the Review Tool to On.
6. Click OK to generate Shop Doc output.
7. Close the NX Post Debug lister dialog.
8. Go to the directory where the part file is saved.
9. In that directory, open the newest *_debug.out file in a text editor (sort by Date Modified).
10. Do a search for the text string 1.234 and you will find:

Image2.jpg

11. The MOM variable you will need to use in your customized template is mom_stepover_distance.

Question: How can I combine mom variables to get a sum total?
Answer: To add, for example, tool length and shank length and output in the tool list select template:

Image3.jpg

The syntax is:
'= ${mom_tool_length} + ${mom_tool_tapered_shank_length}

The calculation is done only when the html output is displayed in Excel.

Question: I get the following error message. What does it mean?
 Image6.jpg

Answer: It means you had an output window displayed when attempting to create another output. Close the displayed output window(s) before generating another output.

Question: How do you output Shop Docs as a Microsoft Word doc?
Answer: For .txt output, change the file extension to .doc. Just create a .txt file and in a explorer window change the extension to .doc – then double click.
For html output viewed in Excel, save as .xlsx file. Open in Word and save as .docx.

Question: Does Shop Docs support any version of Excel prior to Excel 2007?
Answer: As we provided our templates in .xlsx, Shop Docs only supports Excel 2007 and later.

Question: Can the Postprocess dialog still be used to create shop Documentation?
Answer: No.

Question: How do I find a MOM variable for operation machining time that is not listed on sheet 2 of the OOTB template?
Answer:
Sheet 2 is an incomplete list of MOM variables. While sheet 2 lists the most commonly used MOM variables, all MOM variables that Shop Docs uses can be referenced by using the Review Tool or found by searching the debug.out file.
1. Select an operation (referred to as a "member" in the Review Tool) in the Operation Navigator and select Shop Documentation.
2. In the Shop Documentation dialog box, select the desired Report Format (template), set the Review Tool to On:

 Image7.jpg

3. Click OK to generate Shop Doc output.
In the NX Post Debug lister dialog, click on an event in the first column to list the associated MOM variables in the second column. You might be able to find the desired MOM variable using this "hunt & peck" method, but searching the debug.out file for the desired MOM variable is easier. Do this:
4. Go to the directory where the part file is saved.
5. In that directory, open the newest *_debug.outfile in a text editor (sort by Date Modified).
6. Do a search for the word time and you will find:
Var: mom_toolpath_time = 94.71146749849486900

This value equates to the Time listed in the Operation Navigator for the selected member or members. It is the NX operation machining time as opposed to the postprocessor machining time.
7. If you scroll up you will see that this variable is listed under Event 5: MOM_MEMBERS_HDR
This is the event inside the NX Post Debug Lister in which you will find the variables of the member (operation) you selected.
8. Copy mom_toolpath_time into your customized Shop Docs template.

Additional Notes:

 1. UGII_CAM_SHOP_DOC_DIR environment variable determines where the Shop Doc function looks for files.
Note: Turn this variable off by typing in some character (i.e."X") to make the variable invalid. Then by default, it will reference U:/wnti32/nx080_phasexx/MACH/resource/shop_doc/excel_templates

2. In the production environment, the Excel files used to create the Excel-html templates are stored in:
C:\Program Files\Siemens\NX 8.5\MACH\resource\shop_doc

3. The shopdoc_excel.tcl file inside the excel_templates folder specifies where Shop Docs will look for the excel.exe file. Example:

Image8.jpg

Be sure this path is correct for your installation if you have Excel. If it does not find Excel (or if you don't have it), then the output will be displayed by the HTML browser only.

4. Display Output toggle:
Display Output On = displays HTML output in Excel and browser for HTML/Excel templates.
Display Output On = displays text output for TEXT templates.
Display Output Off = displays HTML output in Excel for HTML/Excel templates.
Display Output Off = displays no output for TEXT templates.

5. Other platforms (MacOS, Linux) will not display the output automatically.

6. "Select" templates work only if a single object is selected. Warnings are displayed in listing device and syslog if:
 - A template containing MOM_cycle_objects for selected objects is used, but no object is selected.
 - A template containing MOM_cycle_objects for selected objects is used and more than one object is selected.
7. File definitions:
 - .xlsx is the Excel file containing your edits and all mom variables on sheet 2. This is the authoring file.
 - .htm is the template the system uses to create the shop doc output.
 - shop_doc.datdetermines what you see in the user interface and specifies which .tcl and .tpl files to use.
 - .tclDetermines which .htm file to process. It must have the same name as the .htm file so that the system knows which .htm file to process. When a new template has been created, the .tcl file of an existing template can be copied and renamed.
 - .tpldetermines whether the template processes "select"ed objects (new templates) or "all" objects (old templates).
 - shopdoc_excel.tcl and shopdoc_excel.tpl are used in all Excel-html templates.
8. Shopdocs is supported in Teamcenter. However:
When running in managed mode, Shop Documentation output must be checked into Teamcenter 9.0 or later. Shop documentation files will not import correctly into a pre-9.0 version of Teamcenter.
You can open HTML output generated from new templates in TC9.1 by double-clicking the HTML output icon inside the Manufacturing Activities tab. In TC9.0, you must open the HTML output using the TC Navigator.
All old (pre-NX8) templates work with TC just as they did in NX7.5.

9. Obsolete Templates
The Postprocess dialog will no longer be used to create Shop Documentation. The following templates will be commented out of the Postprocessor list:

Image9.jpg

Note: If you want to use pre-NX 8 templates, remove the comment sign (#) in the shop_doc.dat file . The file is located in MACH\resource\shop_doc.

11. Printing and Page Formatting
The Excel template provides minimal configurable options to help you specify the content length of each page.
 Image10.jpg

The numeric input field next to PAGE CONTENT LENGTH determines the distance between the Page : ${cur


GOOD NEWS: Deaf Dog Becomes Comic Book Superhero To Promote Acceptance
A lot of people passed by a dog at the New Jersey animal shelter for the very reason that music teacher Chris Hannah decided to rescue him - the pooch was deaf. But Hannah's 10-year-old nephew Kevin is deaf also, so he was happy to adopt the pet, who he named Cole.
Hannah's students were inspired by his new pup and helped their teacher create a superhero story called "Captain Cochlear and Maestro Mutt," based on Cole and Kevin. The comic book teaches the importance of learning to accept those who are a little different.
Now Cole is getting ready to be tested to become a certified therapy dog and Hannah plans to take his dog to visit hearing-impaired students to share their comic book. "Some things just happen for a reason," Hannah says of finding Cole.
Source: USA Today


dcsimg
February 13, 2016
Hot Topics:
"Beaming" Using The Palm OS Exchange Manager
 - October 8, 2003
 - By Alex Gusev
 - Send Email »
 - More Articles »
As a final part of our "inter-application communication triptych," let us discuss one more way of how to do it. As you may guess, I mean here the Exchange Manager API. This kind of communication differs from those ones we've spoke about in previous articles. When you hear 'beaming', yes—that's it. But, as you may discover, a request for exchange data is just one of the launch codes your application may receive (e.g. sysAppLaunchCmdExgReceiveData), so it may be useful to export data to other apps at the same device. So, let's go ahead and take a look at practical cases.
Case 1: Standard Beaming of a Whole Database or Specific Records
The Palm OS's user interface doesn't allow beaming of an abitrary database, only prc-files, i.e. applications. So, it'd be nice for your program to offer such functionality. Fortunately, it becomes a pretty simple task with Exchange Manager. The normal working flow is as follows:
 1. Define a variable of type ExgSocketType and initialize it to zeroes.
 2. Assign appropriate values to description, target, and optionally to the type and name fields.
 3. ExgSocketType is declared in ExgMgr.h as
 typedef struct ExgSocketType {
 UInt16 libraryRef; // identifies the Exg library
 // in use
 UInt32 socketRef; // used by Exg library to
 // identify this connection
 UInt32 target; // Creator ID of application
 // this is sent to
 UInt32 count; // # of objects in this
 // connection (usually 1)
 UInt32 length; // # total byte count for all
 // objects being sent (optional)
 UInt32 time; // last modified time of object
 // (optional)
 UInt32 appData; // application specific info
 UInt32 goToCreator; // creator ID of app to launch
 // with goto after receive
 ExgGoToType goToParams; // If launchCreator then this
 // contains goto find info
 UInt16 localMode:1; // Exchange with local machine
 // only mode
 UInt16 packetMode:1; // Use connectionless packet
 // mode (Ultra)
 UInt16 noGoTo:1; // Do not go to app (local mode
 // only)
 UInt16 noStatus:1; // Do not display status dialogs
 UInt16 preview:1; // Preview in progress: don't
 // throw away data as it's read
 UInt16 reserved:11; // reserved system flags
 Char *description; // text description of object
 // (for user)
 Char *type; // Mime type of object (optional)
 Char *name; // name of object, generally a
 // file name (optional)
 } ExgSocketType;
 typedef ExgSocketType *ExgSocketPtr;

 4. Note that the localMode field controls the operation mode, so you may want to set a 1 there to work locally.
 5. To establish a connection, call ExgPut.
 6. To send the whole database, call ExgDBWrite. An alternative way is to call ExgSend in a loop to send all desired data. Actually, these are the same methods because ExgDBWrite requires a callback function as a parameter, which uses ExgSend internally.
 7. After all jobs are finished, call ExgDisconnect to close the connection.
The following code chunk illustrates all that was said above:
void BeamWholeDB()
{
 ExgSocketType exgSocket;
 UInt16 cardNo;
 LocalID dbID;
 DmSearchStateType searchState;
 Err err;
 Char *appName = "TestDB";
 err = DmGetNextDatabaseByTypeCreator(true, &searchState,
 'data', 'test', true,
 &cardNo, &dbID);
 if (!err)
 {
 MemSet(&exgSocket,sizeof(exgSocket),0);
 exgSocket.description = appName;
 exgSocket.name = "TestDB.pdb";
 err = ExgPut(&exgSocket);
 if (err == 0)
 {
 ExgDBWrite(WriteProc, &exgSocket, appName, dbID,
 cardNo);
 ExgDisconnect(&exgSocket,err);
 }
 }
}
As you can see, it's really not a big deal. Sure, we've left a lot of details behind the scene, such as sending multiple objects (refer to the count member of ExgSocketType), which application should be launched (if any) after receiving data, and so forth. Like any other Palm OS API, Exchange Manager API is rich, so you're welcome to investigate it more closely.
Okay, coming back to sending individual records, you may guess now that it differs from the previous example only in using ExgSend function in some loop instead of ExgDBWrite. Therefore, we'll consider the receiving part of flow; i.e. what the application should do when it is going to get some data via Exchange library.
A sequence of steps follows:
 1. First, you should handle the sysAppLaunchCmdExgReceiveData launch code in PilotMain.
 2. Call ExgAccept to accept the incoming request.
 3. Call ExgReceive in a loop until it returns zero.
 4. And finally, call ExgDisconnect to close the connection.
So, as we've just said:
// in PilotMain
DmOpenRef g_dbP; // our database
...
if (cmd == sysAppLaunchCmdExgReceiveData)
{
 DmOpenRef dbP;
 if ((launchFlags & sysAppLaunchFlagSubCall) ==
 sysAppLaunchFlagSubCall)
 {
 dbP = g_dbP;
 FrmSaveAllForms();
 err = ReceiveData(dbP,(ExgSocketPtr)cmdBPB);
 }
 else
 {
 dbP = DmOpenDataByTypeCreator('data','test',
 dmModeReadWrite);
 if (dbP)
 {
 err = ReceiveData(dbP,(ExgSocketPtr)cmdBPB);
 DmClosedatabase(dbP);
 }
 }
}
...
Err ReceiveData(DmOpenRef dbP, ExgSocketPtr sockP)
{
 Err err = 0;
 UInt16 wIndex = -1;

 err = ExgAccept(sockP);
 if ( err == errNone )
 {
 char buffer[1024];
 ULong lBytesRecv = 0;

 while ((lBytesRecv = ExgReceive(sockP,buffer,
 sizeof(buffer)))
 {
 // process data
 ...
 }

 err = ExgDisconnect(sockP,err);
 }
}
Now, a few words about the name member the of ExgSocketType structure. Starting from Palm OS 4.0, this field may contain a URL to identify the exchange library to connect with. Using a local exchange library may become handy if you want to debug your application locally or to send/request data to/from another application at the same device. On Palm OS 4.0 and later, if the URL starts from the '?' character, the user may be prompted to choose which exchange library to use if more than one library is registered for the selected scheme.
Case 2: Exchanging Data with the Local PIM
There are at least several situations when you might want to use Local Exchange Manager. A good example is exporting data to some built-in application (e.g. to MemoPad as the simpliest case). Even if the user has decided to use some third-party program instead of a standard one, you'll be sure that this program will correctly receive exported data. A small example looks like this:
void SendToLocalMemopad()
{
 ExgSocketType exgSocket;
 Err err = 0;
 Char *textBuf = "test";
 UInt32 size = StrLen(textBuf) + 1;
 MemSet(&exgSocket,sizeof(exgSocket),0);
 exgSocket.description = "Test message";
 exgSocket.name = "?_local:Sample.txt";
 exgSocket.type = ".txt";
 err = ExgPut(&exgSocket);
 if (err == 0)
 {
 ExgSend(&exgSocket,textBuf,size,&err);
 ExgDisconnect(


text:
Passive acoustic monitoring can be used for many purposes including biodiversity and habitat assessments and studying the ecology of populations, communities and soundscapes. As such, acoustic recording devices are essential data collection tools for bioacousticians and soundscape ecologists. Currently available commercial options are typically expensive and limited to recording either ultrasonic or audible frequencies. Here, we present the AURITA (Audible and Ultrasonic Recording In TAndem) for the autonomous collection of both audible and ultrasonic acoustic data. This self-contained, modular unit combines the Solo, an open-source, Raspberry-Pi-based recorder and a commercially available bat recorder, the Peersonic RPA2, enabling it to capture sounds from 60 Hz to 192 kHz in WAV format. The configuration presented costs ~£350 (excluding memory cards and batteries) to produce and can be maintained and repaired in the field. Two nine-week field tests involving 12 AURITA units were conducted in 2016 and 2017 and confirmed their reliability, resulting in 34,093 h of audible data and 551 h of ultrasonic data; all units were retrieved successfully and intact. The AURITA proved to be reliable in the field and produced high-quality acoustic data, making it ideal for simultaneous monitoring in both audible and ultrasonic frequencies over continuous periods of time.
Acoustic, ecology, sound, recorder, soundscape, affordable equipment

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
SALT LAKE CITY, Sept. 27, 2010 – If drivers are yakking on cell phones and don't hear spoken instructions to turn left or right from a passenger or navigation system, they still can get directions from devices that are mounted on the steering wheel and pull skin on the driver's index fingertips left or right, a University of Utah study found.
The researchers say they don't want their results to encourage dangerous and distracted driving by cell phone users. Instead, they hope the study will point to new touch-based directional devices to help motorists and hearing-impaired people drive more safely. The same technology also could help blind pedestrians with a cane that provides directional cues to the person's thumb.
"It has the potential of being a safer way of doing what's already being done – delivering information that people are already getting with in-car GPS navigation systems," says the study's lead author, William Provancher, an assistant professor of mechanical engineering at the University of Utah.
In addition, Provancher says he is "starting to meet with the Utah Division of Services for the Blind and Visually Impaired to better understand how our technology could help those with vision impairments. It could be used in a walking cane for the blind," with a moving button on the handle providing tactile navigation cues to help the person walk to the corner market, for example.
The system also could help hearing-impaired people get navigation information through their fingertips if they cannot hear a system's computerized voice, says University of Utah psychology Ph.D. student Nate Medeiros-Ward, the study's first author. "We are not saying people should drive and talk on a cell phone and that tactile [touch] navigation cues will keep you out of trouble."
Medeiros-Ward is scheduled to present the findings Tuesday, Sept. 28 in San Francisco during the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society's 54th annual meeting.
The study "doesn't mean it's safe to drive and talk on the cell phone," says co-author David Strayer, a professor of psychology at the University of Utah. "It was a test to show that even in situations where you are distracted by a cell phone, we can still communicate directional information to the driver via the fingertips even though they are 'blind' to everything else."
Provancher, Medeiros-Ward and Strayer conducted the study with Joel Cooper, who earned his psychology Ph.D. at the University of Utah and now works in Texas, and Andrew Doxon, a Utah doctoral student in mechanical engineering. The research was funded by the National Science Foundation and the University of Utah.
'Channels' Carry Information to the Brain
Provancher says the study was based on a "multiple resource model" of how people process information, in which resources are senses such as vision, hearing and touch that provide information to the brain.
"You can only process so much," he says. "The theory is that if you provide information through different channels, you can provide more total information. Our sense of touch is currently an unexplored means of communication in the car."
But does humanity really need yet another way to provide information to drivers who already are blabbering on cell phones, texting, changing CDs or radio stations, looking at or listening to navigation devices and screaming kids – not to mention trying to watch and listen to road conditions?
"The point is, it will help everybody," Provancher says. "We all have visual and audio distractions when driving. Having the steering wheel communicate with you through your fingertips provides more reliable navigation information to the driver."
Provancher says motorists already get some feedback through touch: vibration from missing a gear while shifting or a shimmying steering wheel due to tire problems.
"You can't look at two things at the same time," says Strayer. "You can't look at graphic display of where you should go and look out the windshield. It [touch-based information] is a nicer way to communicate with the driver without interfering with the basic information they typically need to drive safely. They need to look out the window to drive safely. They need to listen to the noise of traffic – sirens, horns and other vehicles. This tactile device provides information to the driver without taking their attention away from seeing and hearing information they need to be a safe driver."
The new study says automakers already use some tactile systems to warn of lane departures by drowsy drivers and monitor blind spots. But these devices generally twist the steering wheel (assisted steering), rather than simply prompting the driver to do so.
Drivers on Cell Phones Often Don't Hear Directions, but Can Feel Them
The study was conducted on a driving simulator that Strayer has used to demonstrate the hazards of driving while talking or texting on a cell phone. Two of Provancher's devices to convey information by touch were attached to the simulator's steering wheel so one came in contact with the index finger on each of the driver's hands.
During driving, each index fingertip rested on a red TrackPoint cap from an IBM ThinkPad computer – those little things that look like the eraser on the end of a pencil. When the drivers were supposed to turn left, the two touch devices gently stretched the skin of the fingertips to the left (counter clockwise); when a right turn was directed, the TrackPoint tugged the skin of the fingertips to the right (clockwise).
Nineteen University of Utah undergraduate students – six women and 13 men – participated in the study by driving the simulator. The screens that surround the driver's seat on three sides displayed a scene in which the driver was in the center lane of three straight freeway lanes, with no other traffic.
Four driving scenarios were used, each lasting six minutes and including, in random order, 12 cues to the driver to move to the right lane and 12 more to move left.
In two scenarios, the simulator drivers did not talk on cell phones and received direction instructions either from the simulator's computer voice or via the fingertip devices on the steering wheel. In the two other scenarios, the drivers talked on cell phones with a person in the laboratory and also received direction instructions, either from the computer voice or from the touch devices on the steering wheel.
Each participant did all four of the scenarios. The results:
- In the two scenarios without cell phones, the drivers' accuracy
in correctly moving left or right was nearly identical for those
who received tactile directions through their fingertips (97.2
percent) or by computerized voice (97.6 percent).
- That changed when the drivers talked on cell phones while operating the simulator. When drivers received fingertip navigation directions while talking, they were accurate 98 percent of the time, but when they received audio cues to turn right or left while talking on a cell phone, they changed lanes correctly only 74 percent of the time.
Strayer says the findings shouldn't be used to encourage cell phone use while driving because even if giving drivers directional information by touch works, "it's not going to help you with the other things you need to do while driving – watching out for pedestrians, noticing traffic lights, all the things you need to pay attention to."
A Touch of Product Development?
Provancher has patents and wants to commercialize his tactile feedback devices for steering wheels and other potential uses.
"If we were approached by an interested automaker, it could be in their production cars in three to five years," he says, noting he already has had preliminary talks with three automakers and a European original equipment manufacturer.
In addition to possible devices for the visionand hearing-impaired, Provancher says the technology could be used in a handheld device to let people feel fingertip-stretch pulses – rather than hear clicks – as they scroll through an iPod music playlist. He also says it might be used as a new way to interact with an MP3 music player in a vehicle, or to control games.
Provancher set the stage for the tactile navigation devices in two research papers this year in the journal Transactions on Haptics, published by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. Haptics is to the sense of touch what optics is to vision.
In one of those studies, Provancher tested a haptic device that stretched the fingertip skin in four horizontal directions (right, left, front, back) and found that relatively faster and larger (one twenty-fifth of an inch) movements conveyed direction information most accurately.
In that study, Provancher also mentioned other possible uses for such devices, including allowing command centers to direct emergency responders and urban soldiers to incident locations, or directing air traffic controllers' attention to important information on a computer screen.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Question: What are the connected components of the familiar spaces of functions between two (let's say compact and smooth, for simplicity) manifolds $M$ and $N$?
Specifically, I'm thinking of the Hölder spaces $\mathcal{C}^{k,\alpha}(M, N)$ and the Sobolev spaces $\mathcal{W}^{k,p}(M, N)$.
Some comments:
 1. For a smooth function $f:M\to N$, it seems clear that, at least, all continuous functions homotopic to $f$ will be connected to it.
 2. This question is inspired by the discussion of $\mathcal{W}^{k,p}(M, N)$ in McDuff-Salamon's book on $J$-holomorphic curves. There it's stated as an offhand remark that the connected components of $\mathcal{W}^{k,p}(M, N)$ (in the case of $M$ oriented & two-dimensional; I'm not sure if this makes a difference) are the completions of the sets {$f:M\to N \text{ smooth}: f_*[M]=A$}, for $A\in H_{\dim M}(N)$.
 3. If the McD-S factoid is true, there should exist sequences of smooth not-all-mutually-homotopic functions which converge in $\mathcal{W}^{k,p}(M, N)$. (This isn't too counterintuitive, since $\mathcal{W}^{k,p}(M, N)$ presumably contains functions which aren't continuous, & so don't themselves have a homotopy class). Can someone give me an example of this phenomenon?
Please feel free to re-tag -- I can't think of anything really appropriate.
share|improve this question
I'm going to guess that $k$ and $p$ were chosen large enough so that $W^{k,p}\subset C^r$ for some $r\ge 0$, (by Sobolev), so that $W^{k,p}$ maps in the same path component are continuous and homotopic. – Paul May 1 '10 at 21:04
Ah, of course you're right -- I forgot about the Sobolev estimates. In that case, should the McD-S remark about "connected components" be interpreted as meaning "unions of connected components"? – macbeth May 1 '10 at 21:32
I think if you use the methods Dylan and Dan mention below you get that $\pi_0(W^{k,p})=\pi_0(C^r)=\pi_0(C^\infy)$. I don't know a good reference to this, but you could check Palais' book called "foundations of global non-linear analysis". Hirsch's book has results that relate $C^r$ and $C^\infty$ for all $r$, so maybe that and Sobolev embedding does the trick. – Paul May 2 '10 at 14:53
Two remarks: first, homology classes of smooth mappings $M\to N$ do not usually determine homotopy classes, though they do, by the Hurewicz theorem, when $M=S^2$ and $N$ is simply connected (maybe that's what you mean about "unions of connected components"?). Second, life on the not-quite-continuous Sobolev borderline (e.g. $W^2_1$ on a surface) is very precarious, both for analysts and topologists. – Tim Perutz May 2 '10 at 14:57
Thanks to all for useful comments. _USER_, yes, that is what I mean: since intuition (supported by the discussion here) is that the connected components are homotopy equivalence classes, and since homology doesn't determine homotopy, it should be false that the connected components are the homology classes. (But perfectly true that homology classes are unions of connected components.) I am feeling happy that here there be no pathology-dragons. – macbeth May 2 '10 at 15:46
3 Answers 3
up vote 5 down vote accepted
Any continuous map from M to N is homotopic to a smooth map, and if two smooth maps are homotopic, then they are also smoothly homotopic. (More generally, two homotopic functions are homotopic through a homotopy that is smooth except at the endpoints.) The proof involves convolving with Gaussians, and is standard; I think you can find it in Milnor's Topology from a Differentiable Viewpoint, for instance. (It's also appeard on mathoverflow before, but I couldn't find it just now.) The hard issues for smooth vs. continuous functions arise only once you start demanding the maps be injective.
I can't say more about McDuff and Salomon without more context for the quote.
share|improve this answer
Thanks. This certainly serves as a proof of my Comment 1: if two functions are homotopic, then in any sensible topology they are in the same connected component. Paul's remark deals with my questions about the converse: if two functions are in the same connected component of $\mathcal{W}^{k,p}(M,N)$, then there is a continuous function $F:[0,1]\to \mathcal{W}^{k,p}(M,N)$ connecting them, and by the Sobolev inequality $||f||_{\mathcal{C}^{0,\mu}}\leq ||f||_{\mathcal{W}^{k,p}}$ (for $kp>\dim M$ and $\mu:=k-np$) this function yields a homotopy. – macbeth May 2 '10 at 8:13
The McDuff-Salamon remark is in J-holomorphic curves and symplectic topology, top of page 45 in the 2004 edition. They are interested in the Banach manifold $\mathcal{W}^{k,p}(M,N)$ (for $M$ a Riemann surface) because they are about to show that a subset of it -- those maps which are J-holomorphic -- is a finite-dimensional submanifold. – macbeth May 2 '10 at 8:22
Now I see it, and I agree with you: it should say "$\mathcal{B}^{k,p}$ is a union of components of $W^{k,p}". – Dylan Thurston May 2 '10 at 15:16
This got too long for a comment to Dylan's answer.
I like the discussion of these ideas in John Lee's book Introduction to Differentiable manifolds (the relevant part isn't in the google preview). He refers to these approximation results as the Whitney Approximation Theorem, and deduces them from the tubular neighborhood theorem and the Whitney Embedding Theorem. Interestingly, he doesn't use convolution.
Here's a sketch: start with a continuous map from $f:M\to N$, and embed N in R^n. First Lee proves that there's smooth map $g: M\to R^n$ close to f (inside a tubular neighborhood of N, say) and then he uses the projection from the tubular neighborhood back to N to get his approximation to f. Note that since balls in $R^n$ are convex, once g is sufficiently close to f there's a linear homotopy linking them, which lies entirely inside the tubular neighborhood.
To produce g, the rough idea is that near any point x in M, the constant function with value f(x) is a "good enough" approximation to f. This gives an open cover of M, and there's a finite subcover, with a subordinate partition of unity $\phi_i$. The approximation to f is now gotten by averaging these constant functions using the partition of unity: $g(x) = \sum \phi_i (x) f(x_i)$.
Lee explains how to modify this in the case where f is already smooth on some closed subset, and you want to leave it unchanged there. (That allows you to approximate homotopies.)
share|improve this answer
Nice, I didn't know that proof. – Dylan Thurston May 2 '10 at 15:18
For the Sobolev case, I think _URL_ may be helpful [together with the references therein].
share|improve this answer
Awesome! (Short summary: for $kp\leq \dim M$, the connected components can be very strange.) – macbeth May 4 '10 at 22:10
Your Answer


text:
Kashima has developed the KATTOANDODAUN Kashima method (KC and D) of building demolition and construction. The method also known as Daruma-Otoshi is currently being used to demolish both a 20 floor and a 17 floors building.
The so-called "drop potbellied" method uses mechanical pillars to support the building while the bottom floor is demolished with materials and fixtures being preserved for recycling. When the floor is cleared, the building is lowered to the ground and the 'new' bottom floor demolished. The process is repeated until the entire building is dismatled. The process give the appearance of the building melting into the pavement.
The method is highly efficient, reduces pollution from noise and dust as well as providing a financial incentive from recycling components. The method also suits buildings in earthquake prone areas as earthquake warning systems can remain functional while work progresses, increasing worker safety.
A video of the method follows:


perform(get("/hello/init"))
 .andExpect(model().attribute("message", "hello!"));
 }
The test code is also very simple, and as you can see from the part ʻandExpect (model (). Attribute ("message", "hello!")) ', It is almost the same as stuffing into the actual Model. You can also write test code.
image.png
If you actually look at the result, you can see that the Model part is correctly packed with values.
If it is a simple object, the property is only one level, so it can be written simply. However, if you take a closer look at the results, you will find that the value value is written in a dubious string. It represents the instance of the object itself. Of course, there are times when you want to verify that an object isn't null, but most of the time you want to know if a particular property in the object has the expected value.
Below we'll look at validating a Model packed with these nested properties.
(2) Is the value of the userName property of the user Entity packed in the Model as expected?
Now, verifying nested objects makes the test code a bit more complicated, but it's much simpler than interpreting annotations, so let's explore each one.
Here, regarding the processing of model.addAttribute ("user ", user);, verify whether the property "userName" of the "user" instance is as expected (here, the value "test0"). To go.
Anyway, let's start by looking at the actual test code.
HelloControllerTest.java(Excerpt)
@Test
User Entity is stored in the model by void init processing() throws Exception {
 this.mockMvc.perform(get("/hello/init"))
 .andExpect(model()
 .attribute("user", hasProperty(
 "userName", is("test0")
 )
 )
 );
 }
Suddenly the structure changed drastically. This is not the Spring Boot test code, but rather the processing by the framework that handles the so-called "Matcher" that verifies the validity of the test called "Hamcrest".
The method hasProperty for validating the properties of an object is used in static import, so it has a structure of HasPropertyWithValue.hasProperty to be exact.
And this method has the following roles. (Quoted from the official)
Creates a matcher that matches when the examined object has a JavaBean property with the specified name whose value satisfies the specified matcher.
Somehow an esoteric English sentence came out, but I think that it will come nicely if you look at an actual example. assertThat(myBean, hasProperty("foo", equalTo("bar")) This means that the object "myBean" has a property called "foo" and the value of the foo property is "bar". That's exactly what we want to verify in this test. A simple example of this example would be ʻassertThat (user, hasProperty ("userName", is ("test0")); '. Since the return value of hasProperty belongs to the Matcher type, you can also write the property in a nested manner.
Verification of nested properties inevitably lengthens the code and makes it difficult to understand the correspondence between parentheses, so I think it is necessary to take some measures to make it easier to read, such as devising indentation as in the above example.
Anyway, this makes it possible to handle complicated models. As an example of the final Model, let's take a look at the test code for the List object.
Supplement: What is Matcher? Matcher has come out as a matter of course, but if you haven't touched JUnit, you may not be familiar with it, so I will briefly touch on it as a supplement. Matcher itself is an interface, designed to describe the validation process in a test (equal or not equal, all conditions ...) in a simple and easy-to-read format.
For example, the commonly used "assertThat" method is written in the form ʻassertThat (1 + 1, is (2));'. This is to write the test code in an easy-to-read English format, similar to the perform process above. And what you specify in the second argument of the assertThat method represents "Matcher". If you actually follow the contents of the assertThat method, ʻIf (! matcher.matches (actual)) {Processing when there is no match} ' Here, the matches method of the Matcher type instance specified in the second argument is called. Since this result is a boolean, I think it's a good idea to roughly interpret Mathcer as a boolean value for storing the success or failure of verification.
Even if it's a nested property, in the end it's just verifying that the specific property value at the bottom layer is equal to what you expected, so you may be able to understand it unexpectedly if you think simply and not be too prepared. ..
Reference
③ Does the list packed in Model hold the expected properties?
Let's look at the final Model pattern, which is nested and has a list structure. As a common example of model.addAttribute ("dbForm ", form);, verify that the "list of users in the Form object" is what you expect. As an example, first write the code below.
HelloControllerTest.java(Excerpt)
 //For list elements, access the list in any order with hasItem and verify whether there is an element whose specified property has the specified value.
 //Make test green only if present
 @Test
User list is stored in the model form by void init processing() throws Exception {

 this.mockMvc.perform(get("/hello/init"))
 .andExpect(model().attribute("dbForm", hasProperty(
 "userList", hasItem(
 hasProperty(
 "userName", is("test1")
 )
 )
 )));
 }
A new method called hasItem has appeared. Official It is said that it can be used only for list format objects. I am. And the method used here has Matcher as an argument.
In other words, roughly speaking, we are verifying that there is at least one that satisfies the Matcher passed as an argument in the list to be executed by the hasItem method. In this example, we want to verify that for each user element in the user list, there is at least one with the "userName" property set to "test1".
Since the list in the example has a small number of elements such as "2", it is possible to examine all the contents, but in the actual application, a list packed with hundreds or thousands of elements is often passed. .. It's hard to verify all this, though it can be coded. In such a case, it seems that reliability can be guaranteed to some extent if it is possible to verify whether the elements near the beginning, middle, and end meet the specifications. Therefore, instead of verifying all the elements of the list, it is only necessary to verify only a part as a representative element, so I think it is better to provide some test cases with the hasItem method.
By the way, it has become quite long because it was mixed with various supplementary explanations, but the level 1 test code is now verified. By completing Level 1, you can do the following:
Next, at Level 2, I would like to look at the verification of the database, which is the core of the application.
Level2. Test database operations
In the unit test with Spring Boot, we use something called "DbUnit" to verify the database. If you write it like this, even though Spring Boot alone is full, you will have to study more ... but I think that it is enough to learn how to use DbUnit easily. The important thing is to be aware of "what kind of work will be easier" by combining DbUnit and Spring Boot.
If you suddenly write about DbUnit in a mess, the image will be difficult to understand, so let's first follow the flow of how database operations are replaced from manual tests to automated tests.
Manual test
First, consider manually testing your database operations. I think that the test will proceed in the following flow.
The pros and cons of manual testing are left here, but here we will focus on "test reproducibility". If you are developing as a team, the result of SELECT will change from moment to moment, and UPDATE and DELETE processing will require some advance preparation if you want to meet the same conditions. If the tests executed are not reproducible, it will be difficult to identify whether or not degradation has actually occurred when repeated tests such as refactoring and regression tests are performed.
Now let's devise a little more about manual testing.
Manual construction of test state
In order to ensure reproducibility, I tried to incorporate the following process into the above manual test.
This ensured the reproducibility of the test. If this is the case,


text:
The influence of governance rearrangements on flood risk management in Kampala, Uganda.
Author / Authors:
The importance of governance rearrangements (reassignment of positions, roles, and responsibility among actors in governance processes) and their implications on flood risk management has gained currency in evaluative environmental governance literature. However, much work has concentrated on building and applying frameworks to evaluate impacts of decentralisation, such that frameworks to evaluate impacts of recentralisation are still lacking. This paper uses the case of Bwaise III informal settlement in Kampala, Uganda, to assess the impacts of local government rearrangements on flood mitigation. We adapted a Water Governance Assessment Framework and conducted 22 in‐depth interviews with stakeholders, searched documentary sources, and carried out transect walks. We generated qualitative data on stakeholder experiences and perceptions regarding governance quality and flood mitigation prereform and postreform. The data were analysed using thematic content analysis to produce a scoreboard measuring changes in governance dimensions against progress in flood mitigation. In a follow‐up survey, 24 structured interviews were conducted to validate the data. Results show that the rearrangements led to time and cost savings, increased revenue, and sped up the implementation of flood management strategies and measures. The findings can be useful to policymakers at the interface of governance and flood management.
Environmental Policy and Governance, (_URL_
- Journal Article


to expand one's horizons synonym, to expand one's horizons definition | Thesaurus
1 amplify, augment, bloat, blow up, broaden, develop, dilate, distend, enlarge, extend, fatten, fill out, grow, heighten, increase, inflate, lengthen, magnify, multiply, prolong, protract, swell, thicken, wax, widen
2 diffuse, open (out), outspread, spread (out), stretch (out), unfold, unfurl, unravel, unroll
3 amplify, develop, dilate, elaborate, embellish, enlarge, expatiate, expound, flesh out, go into detail
1 & 2 close, condense, contract, decrease, reduce, shorten, shrink
3 abbreviate, condense, shorten
English Collins Dictionary - English synonyms & Thesaurus
See also:
expend, expanse, explain, expound
Collaborative Dictionary English Thesaurus
spoil someone's plans; spoil someone's pleasure or joy.
stop talking; refrain from saying something
be kept waiting
to lose one's temper
very familiar
make a lot of efforts to understand something
have everything together; have all things settled/organized
get rid of a strong feeling towards something or someone
snubbing people by using one's mobile phone
[Neologism] portmanteau word : phone + snubbing
go for something, take one's chances
دل را به دریا زدن
more specific: cat shaming or dog shaming
symbolically killing one's internet unique identity.
a poetic or humorous way of expressing one's fervent wish for somehting
oh for a bit of sunshine!
the fear of being unable to use one's mobile phone
canned by Theodore Roosevelt
often used in combination with "talk the talk".
this is just something my grandmother would say in cajun french
Or sign up in the traditional way
Reverso Community
 - Create your own vocabulary list
 - Contribute to the Collaborative Dictionary
 - Improve and share your linguistic knowledge


text:
John Sholto Douglas Queensberry, 8th marquess of
Queensberry, John Sholto Douglas, 8th marquess of, 1844–1900, British nobleman, originator of the code of rules that governs modern boxing. He served in the British army and navy and later was a member of (1872–80) the House of Lords as representative peer from Scotland. He is famous for drafting (1865), with the aid of John G. Chambers, the Queensberry rules for the sport of boxing. This code of rules, superseding the London prize-ring rules that had been introduced (1743) by Jack Broughton, contained the basic provisions that govern boxing today. The rules were gradually adopted in both Britain and the United States and by 1889 they were standardized. In 1895, objecting to the liaison between his son, Lord Alfred Douglas, and Oscar Wilde, Queensberry left an insulting letter to Wilde in a public place and was sued for libel by the writer. In this libel suit, which Wilde dropped, information was brought to light that led to the conviction of Wilde for immoral conduct.
The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved.
See more Encyclopedia articles on: Sports: Biographies


text:
Myth: If my basement doesn't have a ceiling, it will not be assessed as finished.
FACT: This old assessment myth has been around for over 40 years and is simply not true. Basement finish is assessed based on the components that are present (wall covering, floor covering, partitions, etc). No single component, such as a finished ceiling, makes a basement finished.
Myth: Farm outbuildings that are painted green are exempt.
FACT: This is another assessment myth heard across Iowa. It is not true.
Myth: My home is in an area that is zoned commercial and therefore it is assessed as commercial property.
FACT: Zoning classification deals with uses permitted within that area. Assessment classification are tied to the actual use of the property. Generally, a residential dwelling on a residential lot will be assessed as residential property. An exception to this would be a dwelling that is used for a commercial purpose, such as an office.
Myth: The assessor sets tax rates.
FACT: The assessor deals only with assessed value. Tax rates are set by local and state governing bodies. The rates are used in conjunction with assessed values to calculate property taxes. Tax revenues are then used to provide services (schools, fire protection, etc.) necessary to a community.


text:
公式タイトルと情報はIP Exchange PlusとPremiumのユーザーのみが利用可能です。
特許 係属中 The present invention relates to an adaptor for charging mobile devices. More particularly, the present invention relates to an adaptor which can be inserted into a light bulb socket and provide electrical power to a mobile 'phone or other low-power device in order to charge a mobile device battery. Aspects and/or embodiments seek to provide an adaptor for providing power from a light bulb socket to a mobile phone or other device in order to charge a device battery. According to a first aspect, there is provided an adaptor, comprising: a fitting, operable to couple with a light bulb socket; a transformer; and a charging port.


text:
Placing Your Flymatic Insect KillerEvery application is unique, so each installation requires an individual assessment for fly killer siting, however there are some basic principles which should be followed:
- Use enough units to cover the area to be protected.
- Install the unit away from sources of light competition, such as windows, doors and high powered luminaries.
- Consider sources of heat and airflow.
- Do not install units directly above sensitive areas, such as food preparation areas.
- Glue board insect killers should be used for sensitive applications such as food preparation or production areas. They are also ideal for use 'front of house'.
- Consider access for installation and future servicing.
- Wherever possible, fly killers should be positioned at 90° to sources of natural light, such as windows, doors and skylights.
- The unit should be positioned in between potential entry points, so as to intercept flying insects before they reach sensitive areas.
- The unit should not be sited ether too high or too low in the area to be protected, with an optimum height of around 2m.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Profiling Python applications
This page describes how to modify your Python application to capture profiling data and have that data sent to your Google Cloud project. For general information about profiling, see Profiling concepts.
Profile types for Python:
 - CPU time
 - Wall time (main thread)
Supported Python language versions:
 - Python 3.6 or higher.
Supported profiling agent versions:
 - The most recent release of the agent is supported. In general, releases older than one year aren't supported. We recommend that you use the most recently released version of the agent.
Supported operating systems:
 - Linux. Profiling Python applications is supported for Linux kernels whose standard C library is implemented with glibc or with musl. For configuration information specific to Linux Alpine kernels, see Running on Linux Alpine.
Supported environments:
Enabling the Profiler API
Before you use the profiling agent, ensure that the underlying Profiler API is enabled. You can check the status of the API and enable it if necessary by using either the Google Cloud CLI or the Google Cloud console:
gcloud CLI
 1. If you have not already installed the Google Cloud CLI on your workstation, see the Google Cloud CLI documentation.
 2. Run the following command:
 gcloud services enable cloudprofiler.googleapis.com

For more information, see gcloud services.
Google Cloud console
 1. Enable the required API.
 Enable the API
 2. If API enabled is displayed, then the API is already enabled. If not, click the Enable button.
Using Cloud Profiler
For best practices using Python, go to Setting up a Python development environment.
Compute Engine
For Compute Engine, do the following:
 1. Install the C/C++ compiler and development tools:
 sudo apt-get install -y build-essential

 2. Install pip:
 sudo apt-get install -y python3-pip

 3. Install the Profiler package:
 pip3 install google-cloud-profiler

 4. Import the googlecloudprofiler module and call the googlecloudprofiler.start function as early as possible in your initialization code:
 import googlecloudprofiler

 def main():
 # Profiler initialization. It starts a daemon thread which continuously
 # collects and uploads profiles. Best done as early as possible.
 try:
 googlecloudprofiler.start(
 service="hello-profiler",
 service_version="1.0.1",
 # verbose is the logging level. 0-error, 1-warning, 2-info,
 # 3-debug. It defaults to 0 (error) if not set.
 verbose=3,
 # project_id must be set if not running on GCP.
 # project_id='my-project-id',
 )
 except (ValueError, NotImplementedError) as exc:
 print(exc) # Handle errors here
 You must specify the service parameter in your start function. To filter by the application version in the Profiler interface, specify the service_version parameter. For troubleshooting and exception information, see Troubleshooting.
GKE
For GKE, do the following:
 1. Modify your Dockerfile to install the Profiler package:
 FROM python:3
 ...
 RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y build-essential python3-pip
 RUN pip3 install google-cloud-profiler

 2. Import the googlecloudprofiler module and call the googlecloudprofiler.start function as early as possible in your initialization code:
 import googlecloudprofiler

 def main():
 # Profiler initialization. It starts a daemon thread which continuously
 # collects and uploads profiles. Best done as early as possible.
 try:
 googlecloudprofiler.start(
 service="hello-profiler",
 service_version="1.0.1",
 # verbose is the logging level. 0-error, 1-warning, 2-info,
 # 3-debug. It defaults to 0 (error) if not set.
 verbose=3,
 # project_id must be set if not running on GCP.
 # project_id='my-project-id',
 )
 except (ValueError, NotImplementedError) as exc:
 print(exc) # Handle errors here
 You must specify the service parameter in your start function. To filter by the application version in the Profiler interface, specify the service_version parameter. For troubleshooting and exception information, see Troubleshooting.
Flexible Environment
For App Engine flexible environment, do the following:
 1. Add google-cloud-profiler to your requirements.txt file.
 2. Import the googlecloudprofiler module and call the googlecloudprofiler.start function as early as possible in your initialization code.
For App Engine, the service and service_version are derived from your operating environment. For troubleshooting and exception information, see Troubleshooting.
Standard Environment
For App Engine standard environment, which requires that you use the Python 3 runtime environment, do the following:
 1. Add google-cloud-profiler to your requirements.txt file.
 2. Import the googlecloudprofiler module and call the googlecloudprofiler.start function as early as possible in your initialization code.
For App Engine, the service and service_version are derived from your operating environment. For troubleshooting and exception information, see Troubleshooting.
start function
The googlecloudprofiler.start function creates a daemon thread which continuously collects and uploads profiles. You should call start one time, and as early as possible in your application.
Parameter Description
service1 (Required) The name for the service being profiled. For restrictions on the service name, see Service name and version arguments.
service_version1 (Optional) The version of the service being profiled. For restrictions on the service version, see Service name and version arguments.
verbose (Optional) The logging level. For details on the logging levels, see Agent logging.
Default value is 0 (Error).
project_id2 (Optional) Your Google Cloud project ID.
disable_cpu_profiling (Optional) To disable CPU time profiling, set disable_cpu_profiling=True.
This parameter is supported only for Python version 3.2 and higher. For all other Python versions, CPU time profiling isn't supported and this parameter is ignored.
Default value is False.
disable_wall_profiling (Optional) To disable Wall profiling, set disable_wall_profiling=True.
This parameter is supported for Python 3.6 and higher. For all other Python versions, Wall profiling isn't supported and this parameter is ignored.
For restrictions on the start function when Wall profiling is enabled, see Limitations.
Default value is False.
1 For only Compute Engine and GKE. For App Engine, the value is derived from the environment.
2 For Google Cloud, the value is derived from the environment. For non-Google Cloud environments, you must provide a value. For information, see Profiling applications running outside Google Cloud.
Analyzing data
After Profiler has collected data, you can view and analyze this data using the Profiler interface.
In the Google Cloud console, go to the Profiler page:
Go to Profiler
You can also find this page by using the search bar.
Service name and version arguments
When you load the Profiler agent, you specify a service-name argument and an optional service-version argument to configure it.
The service name lets Profiler collect profiling data for all replicas of that service. The profiler service ensures a collection rate of one profile per minute, on average, for each service name across each combination service versions and zones.
For example, if you have a service with two versions running across replicas in three zones, the profiler will create an average of 6 profiles per minute for that service.
If you use different service names for your replicas, then your service will be profiled more often than necessary, with a correspondingly higher overhead.
When selecting a service name:
 - Choose a name that clearly represents the service in your application architecture. The choice of service name is less important if you only run a single service or application. It is more important if your application runs as a set of micro-services, for example.
 - Make sure to not use any process-specific values, like a process ID, in the service-name string.
 - The service-name string must match this regular expression:
 ^[a-z0-9]([-a-z0-9_.]{0,253}[a-z0-9])?$
A good guideline is to use a static string like imageproc-service as the service name.
The service version is optional. If you specify the service version, Profiler can aggregate profiling information from multiple instances and display it correctly. It can be used to mark different versions of your services as they get deployed. The Profiler UI lets you filter the data by service version; this way, you can compare the performance of older and newer versions of the code.
The value of the service-version argument is a free-form string, but values for this argument typically look like version numbers, for example, 1.0.0 or 2.1.2.
Agent logging
By default, the profiling agent logs messages with a severity level of error. To configure the agent to log messages with lower severity levels, specify the


Chikanobu, Carp Jumping under a Wisteria Tree at the Chiyoda Palace
Toyohara Chikanobu (1838 - 1912) Carp Jumping out of the Pond under a Wisteria Tree at the Chiyoda Palace (Chiyoda Ooku Ohanami), 1894. Oban triptych.
Click here for a detailed enlargement.
This perfect and exquisite print, the delicate survivor of earthquake, fire and world war is a picture of longing… longing for a delicate and refined past by an artist obsessed with the pace of change, intrigued by the present and drawn to a disappearing history.
The Chiyoda Inner Palace (Chiyoda no Ooku) series of _PHONE_, together with his 1897 series Chiyoda Outer Palace (Chiyoda no on-omote), provided detailed depictions of life in and around Edo Castle before the Meiji Restoration of 1868. In the Chiyoda Inner Palace set, Chikanobu documented various annual ceremonies in the women's quarters, especially those at New Year's, and seasonal activities, particularly those conducted in the palace gardens...
The Palace itself is the Chiyoda Palace or Edo Castle as it was known. It was built in 1457 by the warrior Edo Shigetsugu in what is now the Honmaru and Ninomaru part of the Castle. It later became the seat of the old Tokugawa shogunate who rebuilt it in 1593 and completed it in 1636, but after centuries of power and total domestic and military dominance, the old regime, weakened and no longer relevant, were required to vacate the old Edo Castle in the revolution of 1868. Like so much of Japan's past, the bulk of the medieval castle was pulled down. Chikanobu shows an idealised scene of palace maids wandering under flowering wisteria, carp leaping out of the water.
These prints of the Chiyoda precincts are very beautiful and quite collectible. They only really shine if like this, they are in outstanding condition. The print is backed with album paper, colour, condition and impression are all fine.
Published by Fukuda Kumajiro.
73cm x 37cm.


text:
The sphragis of Heliodoros, genealogy in the Aithiopika, and Julian's Hymn to King Helios.
This article analyses the final sentence of Heliodoros's Aithiopika as a sphragisan autobiographical statement by the author. Heliodoros here stresses his descent from Helios, as one of characters in the romance, Persinna, also does. However, while genealogy (or physis) is an important element it is counterbalanced by the relativization of knowledge in the Aithiopika - nomos is king. The tension between these concepts is resolved by reading the romance in the light of Julian's Hymn to Helios.


text: more. It will then begin using iBeacons instead of your location for enter (but not exit) triggers around your zones. Average Sensor for Home Assistant. It exports the mean value as state and the following values as attributes: count, mean, median, quantiles, standard_deviation, variance, total, min_value, max_value, min_age, max_age, change, average_change and change_rate. HACS gives you a powerful UI to handle downloads of all your custom needs. Normally the new sensor data should appear automatically on the overview dashboard. To activate a Room Sensor, ensure that your ecobee is awake (pictured below) by either standing in front of it or touching the screen. First, you need two or more Google Home smart speakers. Less common are microwave sensors, ultrasonic sensors, vibration sensors, and area reflective type sensors. the respondents' average rating was 4. Summary. If the source is a binary sensor then only state Home Assistant is open source home automation that puts local control and privacy first.


text:
GIPSA relays it wants to ensure the standards remain relevant to the US and global corn industry and continue to facilitate the marketing of US corn. All aspects of the corn standards are being reviewed, including definitions, grade and non-grade determining factors, grade limits, damages, as well as grading procedures and new services GIPSA might offer.
"Since the standards were last revised, the use of corn for ethanol and the number of different varieties of corn has increased tremendously," said J. Dudley Butler, GIPSA administrator. "To ensure that standards and official grading practices remain relevant, GIPSA invites interested parties to comment on whether the current corn standards and grading procedures need to be changed."
GIPSA establishes standards for corn, and other grains, under authority of the US Grain Standards Act. The standards facilitate corn marketing and define US corn quality in the domestic and global marketplace by defining commonly used industry terms and outlining basic procedures for testing corn. Together, the grading standards and procedures allow buyers and sellers to communicate quality requirements, compare corn quality using equivalent forms of measurement, and assist in price discovery.
The advance notice of proposed rulemaking seeking public comment on the corn standards was published in the Sept. 17 Federal Register. Comments must be received on or before Dec. 16.


text:
How to Move a Monkey Puzzle Tree
Moving a monkey puzzle tree can be a difficult task due to its large size and deep root system. It is best to move the tree during its dormant season, typically in late autumn or early winter, to minimize stress on the tree. Before moving the tree, it is important to prune back any excess branches and roots to reduce the overall size and weight of the tree. It is also important to dig a large hole in the new location to accommodate the tree's root system. After the tree is planted in its new location, it should be well-watered and mulched to help it adjust to its new environment.
If you want to control the tree's growth, you can trim the branches or roots, or you can apply herbicides but it should be done carefully and under the guidance of an expert as it may have negative impact on the environment.
Taking care of a monkey puzzle tree requires regular maintenance to ensure its healthy growth.
Here are some tips for caring for a monkey puzzle tree:
- Planting: Monkey puzzle trees should be planted in well-draining soil in a location that receives full sun. It is important to dig a large hole for the tree's deep root system.
- Watering: Water the tree regularly, especially during dry periods. Keep the soil consistently moist, but not waterlogged.
- Mulching: Mulch the base of the tree to help retain moisture and suppress weeds.
- Pruning: Prune the tree as needed to maintain its shape and remove any dead or damaged branches.
- Fertilizing: Fertilize the tree in early spring with a slow-release fertilizer.
- Pest and disease control: Monitor the tree for signs of pests or disease and treat as needed.
- Climate: Monkey puzzle trees are native to Chile and Argentina, they prefer a cool and moist environment and not suitable for hot and dry climate.
It's important to note that monkey puzzle tree grow very slow and it may take decades for them to reach maturity, so patience and regular care are essential for the long-term health of the tree.


Statement of a problem № 41078
The surface tension of a liquid can be determined by measuring the force F needed to just lift a circular platinum ring of radius r from the surface of the liquid. (a) Find a formula for y in terms of F and r. (b) At 30o C, if F = 8.40 x 10-3N and r = 2.8 cm. calculate y for the tested liquid.
New search. (Also 5349 free access solutions)


Hole that swallowed a three-storey building
This was published 11 years ago
Hole that swallowed a three-storey building
By Nicky Phillips
A giant sinkhole caused by the rains of the storm in Guatemala City.
A giant sinkhole caused by the rains of the storm in Guatemala City.Credit:Reuters
Sinkholes mainly formed where the ground was made up of layered rock, such as limestone, which could be dissolved or washed away with groundwater. Such areas were called karst formations, he said. The Jenolan Caves, three hours' drive from Sydney, are examples of local karst formations.
Bruce Hebblewhite, head of mining engineering at the University of NSW, said it was "highly unlikely" a sinkhole would ever form in NSW.
"There might be very localised areas in this country where we have such limestone but certainly not in urban areas and it's not common," Professor Hebblewhite said.
"If it were to happen it would only be the areas where we have similar geology, which are very few, and we would almost certainly be aware that there was such a development taking place.
"So it's just not on the agenda at all."
Associate Professor Cox said it generally took thousands of years for cracks and caves to form in the Earth's crust.
''But they can be enhanced by removing and pumping out groundwater, or extracting petroleum products in nearby formations,'' he said.
Rainwater seeping into the ground could also erode soluble rocks and further extend the caves. Depressions in the Earth's surface could also occur as a result of the same processes.
Sinkholes could vary in size and depth from a few metres to several hundred metres. They have formed in southern parts of Britain, the US and Europe.
The sinkhole in Guatemala City, which formed below the northern part of the capital city, was probably triggered by tropical storm Agatha, which has devastated the region.
''When you get these heavy storms and cyclones that put a lot of water into the drainage system they might wash into these [caves] and erode the top of the cave,'' Associate Professor Cox said. ''[Then] it propagates upwards to the surface and all falls in.''
A local newspaper reported that only one person was killed.
with Georgina Robinson and agencies
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text:
8 Pin IC base
- Programmable chips such as EPROMs or microcontrollers attached in IC sockets during prototyping, allowing the devices to be quickly removed from the circuit for programming, then reinserted for testing.
- Some integrated circuits are extremely sensitive and may damage by the heat from soldering, so attached in IC sockets for protection and easy replacement if failures occur.
- Most production devices use chips soldered directly to the printed circuit board, as the chips never need to be removed. Some applications, however, use IC sockets, which allow chips to be inserted and removed without the use of a soldering iron.
- They are available in different types and sizes.
- Here this IC base is of 8 Pins, means any ICs having 8 pins, can be inserted in 8 pins IC socket or base.
IC Base/Socket Material
Silicone Backed Polyimide Film, -74°C to 260°C (-100°F to 500°F)
Intermittent to 371°C (700°F)
IC Base/Socket FeaturesFeature
- Multiple finger contact on all sockets assures maximum reliability.
- Tapered entry for ease of insertion.
- Closed bottom sleeve for 100% anti-wicking of solder.
- To fit .100/(2.54mm) pitch.
- Easily customized to fit your application


text:
O estatuto da reflexão em Sartre
Souza, Luiz Henrique Alves de
MetadataShow full item record
The reflection is the fundamental method in Phenomenology. And that isn t different considering Sartre s thought: only through the reflexive method his philosophy is possible. But reflection isn t an infallible process at all: your reach and rights must be investigated. So a phenomenology and an ontology of reflection must be done to determine in what way is possible a phenomenology and an ontology through reflection. Thus also determines itself the relation of reflection with the relieve methods and to morals character of reflection.


Livaditis
Photo Gallery

Inside a wooded little gorge of Western Rhodope lies one of the largest and most beautiful waterfalls in the Balkans, the legendary Livaditis. The waterfall is located on the border of the prefectures of Drama and Xanthi and so it has two names: waterfall of Trachoni for the people from Drama and Livaditis for those from Xanthi. It is well hidden in an rugged area of outstanding natural beauty, at an altitude of 890 meters, in the western foothills of mount Koula, close to the famous for its pristine nature, forest of Haidou. The waterfall is located upon the small river of Mylopotamos, a tributary of Arkoudorema, north of the village of Livaditis. At some point the waters divide vertically a cliff, falling from a height of about 40 meters, thus creating the waterfall of Livaditis which is distinguished by its delicate form. The waters, with their timeless momentum, have created an impressive formation on the rock next to the waterfall that looks like a giant spiral. The waters continue creating a worth following calm stream, inhabited by many rare plants and small animals. The landscape is characterised by an intense terrain with vertical cliffs, lush vegetation and lots of water, while in the area there are basic facilities for hiking, resting and outdoor lunch. Best season to visit the waterfall of Livaditis is the coldest days of winter, when the waterfall freezes, creating a unique spectacle. The approach requires walking on a rather steep path inside a dark forest.
The waterfall is located in a dense forest of common beech, with trees being more than 30 meters high, and some scattered clusters of common birch. Other trees here are common hornbeams, hop-hornbeams, common ashes, silver lindens, greek maples and common alders. The area is part of the Rhodope Mountains National Park, where dozens of rare species of flora are found. The most important plant here is Minuartia saxifraga which grows on the vertical rocks near the waterfall. Other rare species close to Livaditis are Impatiens noli-tangere, Silene heuffelii, Viola orbelica, Anemone nemorosa, Telekia speciosa, Hypopitys monotropa subsp. hypophegea and Vincetoxicum hirundinaria subsp. hirundinaria. The flora is supplemented with plants such as Lilium martagon, Pulmonaria rubra, Orthilia secunda, Tripleurospermum tenuifolium, Achillea grandifolia, Campanula persicifolia, Rubus idaeus, Digitalis viridiflora, Chamaecytisus eriocarpus, Jasione heldreichii, Lycopus europaeus, Scrophularia nodosa, Umbilicus luteus, Thalictrum aquilegiifolium and orchids Cephalanthera rubra, Epipactis persica subsp. exilis, Platanthera chlorantha, Dactylorhiza sambucina and Neottia nidus-avis.
The birdlife of the surrounding area includes a lot of rare species. In the coniferous forests, a little higher from the waterfall, lives the impressive capercaillie and in the mixed, dark forests of the area appears the rare hazel grouse. Other uncommon species here are the Tengmalm's owl, the black woodpecker and the three-toed woodpecker. Dippers and grey wagtails search for food in the stream bed. Birds of prey include short-toed eagles, honey buzzards, common buzzards, sparrowhawks, levant sparrowhawks and goshawks. The bird fauna is supplemented by woodcocks, woodpigeons, stock doves, cuckoos, tawny owls, green woodpeckers, great spotted woodpeckers, syrian woodpeckers, middle spotted woodpeckers, lesser spotted woodpeckers, woodlarks, wrens, dunnocks, robins, nightingales, Bonelli's warblers, whitethroats, semicollared flycatchers, blue tits, willow tits, marsh tits, long-tailed tits, wood nuthatches, bramblings, siskins, bullfinches, hawfinches and rock buntings.
Around the waterfall appear big numbers of fire salamanders, while other amphibians in the area are balkan crested newts, common toads, green toads, fire-bellied toads, balkan frogs and greek frogs. Herpetofauna includes Hermann's tortoises, slow worms, green lizards, common wall lizards, smooth snakes, grass snakes, aesculapian snakes and nose-horned vipers. In the dense forests of the area live healthy populations of wolves, while the appearance of bears is occasional. Other mammals include roe deers, wildcats, wild boars, foxes, red squirrels, weasels, pine martens, northern white-breasted hedgehogs and hares. It is important that the surrounding forests are one of the few areas of Greece inhabited by the rare parti-coloured bat (Vespertilio murinus).

Πως θα πάτε
The access to the area is from both the sides of Xanthi and Drama prefectures. The great thing is that the two routes include walking in the woods. From Drama you arrive by crossing Arkoudorema stream (just before Dipotama) and following the harsh forest dirt road that starts from the village of Trachoni (7 km.) you reach a path of 500 meters that leads you to the waterfall. If you come from Xanthi you reach the village Livaditis, from where a 3 km path through the forest gets you to the waterfall.

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(Latitude: 41.32780656931318, Longitude:24.672028393432583)

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Drymona waterfalls
At the foots of Xiro mountain in North Evia, sheltered inside a dense coniferous forest, lies a small cluster of streams, waterfalls and lakes.

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text:
Did all pirates wear coats?
Not all pirates wore. But when they did it was the captains who wear the coats.
the redcoats where the people that fought in the british army and war The red coats are the british army and the blue coats were the colonists( not all colonists wear blue; the few 'good' soldiers they had did.), then later the white coats came to help the blue coats as alliances. the white coats (french) also brought supplies for the blue coats (colonists) who were leaded by george washington. :)


text:
In this paper we investigate the performance of a Fourier based algorithm for fast subpixel shift determination of two mutually shifted images subjected to noise. The algorithm will be used for Shack-Hartmann based adaptive optics correction of images of an extended object subjected to dynamical atmospheric fluctuations. The performance of the algorithm is investigated both analytically and by Monte Carlo simulations. Good agreement is achieved in relation to how the precision of the shift estimate depends on image parameters such as contrast, photon counts and readout noise, as well as the dependence on sampling format, zero-padding and field of view. Compared to the conventional method for extended object wavefront sensing, a reduction of the computational cost is gained at a marginal expense of precision.
© 2005 Optical Society of America
Equations on this page are rendered with MathJax. Learn more.


plot.dwt.2d: Plot Two-dimensional Discrete Wavelet Transform
Description Usage Arguments Details Value Author(s) See Also
View source: R/two_D.R
Description
Organizes the wavelet coefficients from a 2D DWT into a single matrix and plots it. The coarser resolutions are nested within the lower-lefthand corner of the image.
Usage
1
2
## S3 method for class 'dwt.2d'
plot(x, cex.axis = 1, plot = TRUE, ...)
Arguments
x
input matrix (image)
cex.axis
par plotting parameter that controls the size of the axis text
plot
if plot = FALSE then the matrix of wavelet coefficients is returned, the default is plot = TRUE
...
additional graphical parameters if necessary
Details
The wavelet coefficients from the DWT object (a list) are reorganized into a single matrix of the same dimension as the original image and the result is plotted.
Value
Image plot.
Author(s)
B. Whitcher
See Also
dwt.2d.
waveslim documentation built on May 19, 2017, 1:08 p.m.
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Improving Command Selection with CommandMaps
Designers of GUI applications typically arrange commands in hierarchical structures, such as menus, due to screen space limitations. However, hierarchical organisations are known to slow down expert users. This paper proposes the use of spatial memory in combination with hierarchy flattening as a means of improving GUI performance. We demonstrate these concepts through the design of a command selection interface, called CommandMaps, and analyse its theoretical performance characteristics. We then describe two studies evaluating CommandMaps against menus and Microsoft's Ribbon interface for both novice and experienced users. Results show that for novice users, there is no significant performance difference between CommandMaps and traditional interfaces – but for experienced users, CommandMaps are significantly faster than both menus and the Ribbon.
_URL_
Joey Scarr, Andy Cockburn, Carl Gutwin, and Andrea Bunt. 2012. Improving command selection with CommandMaps. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '12). 257-266. Best Paper Award
Bibtext Entry
@inproceedings{Scarr:2012:ICS:_PHONE_._PHONE_,
author = {Scarr, Joey and Cockburn, Andy and Gutwin, Carl and Bunt, Andrea},
title = {Improving command selection with CommandMaps},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems},
series = {CHI '12},
year = {2012},
isbn = {978-1-4503-1015-4},
location = {Austin, Texas, USA},
pages = {257--266},
numpages = {10},
url = {_URL_
doi = {10.1145/_PHONE_._PHONE_},
acmid = {_PHONE_},
publisher = {ACM},
address = {New York, NY, USA},
keywords = {commands, expertise, hierarchies, spatial memory},
}
Authors
Andrea Bunt
Andrea Bunt
Professor
As well as: Joey Scarr, Andy Cockburn, and Carl Gutwin


text:
Significance and Use
The intent of this guide is to provide the reader with information concerning possible reasons for paint failures where the paint is used over a latex sealant.
1.1 This guide describes the practical considerations that may be used to determine the compatibility of a paint or coating to be applied over a latex sealant or caulk. It evaluates the appearance and not the performance characteristics of the coated or painted joint.
1.2 The committee with jurisdiction over this standard is not aware of any comparable standards published by other organizations.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents (purchase separately) The documents listed below are referenced within the subject standard but are not provided as part of the standard.
C717 Terminology of Building Seals and Sealants
D1729 Practice for Visual Appraisal of Colors and Color Differences of Diffusely-Illuminated Opaque Materials
D2244 Practice for Calculation of Color Tolerances and Color Differences from Instrumentally Measured Color Coordinates
E284 Terminology of Appearance
cracking; latex sealant; paint; Compatibility; Cracking--sealants; Latex sealants; Paintability; Sealants; Waterborne materials/applications; Caulking compounds and sealants;
ICS Number Code 87.040 (Paints and varnishes)
ASTM International is a member of CrossRef.
Citing ASTM Standards
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Romp n' Roll Franchise
Romp n' Roll Franchise Information
Romp n' Roll is a franchise for a business providing enrichment and recreational programs for children.
It was founded in 2004 and started franchising in 2006. They have designed programs that are developmentally appropriate for all stages like in art, movement, and in music. These programs are available for children aged three months up to six years old. The exercises provided help them grow their bodies, mind, and encourage them to use their imagination. These programs and activities have been proven to successfully form the child's foundation to be fully prepared for school years and in life. They hold small classes that are conducted by enthusiastic and experienced teachers and all done in an environment that is both safe and stimulating. They now have eight locations in the United States and two locations that are company owned.
What programs and classes do they offer at a Romp n' Roll?
They have classes involving art, gym, sports, music, cooking, and dancing. For art, they have classes for 16 months old to five years old. It is divided in groups such as Two for Tots, Art Explorers One, Crayons to Canvas, Two for Twos, Art Explorers Two, and Rompy's Adventure. For gym, they have classes divided into groups such as Babies Gym and Music, Gymnastics, Good Sports, Rhythm n' Roll, Open Gym, Gym for two years old, Gym for 10 to 18 months old, Gym for 16 to 24 months old, and Gym with mixed ages.
For Sports, They introduce the children to basketball, soccer, baseball, golf, hockey, and bowling through the liberal use of sports equipments. For Music, they have Tumble Tunes for 10 to 24 months old, Tumble Tunes for two to three years old, and Rhythm n' Roll for three to five years old. For cooking, they have the Chef Rompy for three to five years old. They will learn to prepare treats like chicken quesadillas, sunshine shakes, and healthy dessert nachos. For dancing, they have Dance with Rompy for ages three to five years old. They learn ballet, contemporary dance, jazz, and hip hop. Other classes include the Princess Class, Construction Junction, Silly Science, Aargh, Matey!, Superheroes, and All Aboard Rompy for children aged two and a half to five years old.
They also have summer camps with themes such as Firefighters, Knights, Princesses, and Dragons, The Zoo Crew, 3-2-1 Blast Off!, Beach Party!, Rockin' and Rollin', 'Red, White, and Blue', Going Buggy, Under the Big Top, Get Sporty!, Pirates, Aaargh!, and The Days of the Dinosaurs.
Cost and requirements on running a Romp n' Roll franchise
Expect to be investing about $199,000 to $300,000. The cost of the Romp n' Roll franchise fee is $39,500 with an on-going royalty fee of 6%. The terms of agreement are not renewable. They do not allow absentee ownership. They also require that a franchisee should be a "people person" and an effective manager.
What is included in the franchise package?
There will be a training program for you and an employee. You will be provided with a set of DVD of their instructors teaching classes for you to be able to conduct yours the same way they do at their flagship locations.
Romp n' Roll Contact Details
You may reach them at:
Address: 9677 West Broad Street Westpark Shopping Center Glen Allen, VA 23060
Phone: _PHONE_


Tải sách – Download sách Star Wars What is A Wookiee? của tác giả William Shakespeare thuộc thể loại Ages 9 to 12 miễn phí định dạng PDF, EPUB, MOBI.
Explore the galaxy with your guide, C-3PO in Star Wars™: What is a Wookiee? Find out all about friendly, furry Wookiees and the other amazing creatures and aliens from the Star Wars world.
DK Reads are levelled into stages to help every child progress and become a confident reader. They feature engaging and highly illustrative topics with true kid appeal. Each page is supported with interactive questions to encourage children to access information from a range of sources and develop comprehension skills.
Good reads build great readers
Star Wars What is A Wookiee?
Từ khóa tìm kiếm


Tiger's Eye Meaning and Healing Properties
Tigers eye smooth stone
If you're an avid collector of gemstones or simply like to pick up a crystal here and there, the tiger's eye stone is one item you'll want to add to your collection. With its gold, brown, and black color tones laid out in exquisite patterns, the tiger's eye stone is a unique one you'll want to collect.
Known for its powerful wealth and success components, the tiger's eye stone is used for many other reasons as well.
What Is Tiger's Eye?
Tiger's eye is formed by altering crocidolite when quartz dissolves it. As for the color, iron oxide is what gives it the signature color that makes it easy to identify this stone.
This gemstone is found in areas where heat and dry air are readily present. Some of the locations where tiger's eye is mined include India, Australia, South Africa, Namibia, Brazil, Spain, and the United States, to name a few.
Tiger's eye has a smooth luster to it and is a 6.5-7 on the Mohs hardness scale.
three smooth and polished tigers eye stones
History of Tiger's Eye
Tiger's eye has a unique history. The ancient Egyptians adored the stone for its eye-catching color scheme. These individuals said the stone equated with divine vision and used it for the eyes of their deity statues. The Egyptians also used the tiger's eye in jewelry for its protective qualities.
The Romans favored tiger's eye gemstones for its protective attributes as well. The gemstone was put to good use as protection when heading into battle.
Meaning of Tiger's Eye
As you might have gathered, tiger's eye is a protective stone that has strength as a main characteristic. As with the tiger who rules the jungle, the tiger's eye stone represents courage and the wearer can embrace this meaning. The different colors also symbolize strength in varying degrees.
The tiger's eye stone has a watchful eye and mystical quality to it. These qualities both work together with the overall strength characteristic of the tiger's eye.
Tiger's eye is also helpful with balancing and clearing emotions. If you want a mind that's calm or a disposition full of peaceful qualities, tiger's eye is your go-to stone.
Healing Properties of Tiger's Eye
Gemstones and crystals are known for their healing properties and tiger's eye is no different. With its strength components, you can use tiger's eye to heal you of the things that bother you and affect you in different ways.
Here are some ways the tiger's eye stone can be used for healing purposes:
- Offering insight into difficult situations
- Providing focus
- Protection from negative energies
- Offering good luck
- Deepening one's state of meditation
- Help with grounding and centering one's energy
- Mental clarity
- Freedom from fear
With all these healing properties, it's no wonder that the tiger's eye stone is a popular healing item. Add in the fact it has a vibrant and unique color and you have a gemstone that everyone wants in their collection.
How to Use Tiger's Eye
Tiger's eye can be put to good use in many ways. From wearing it as a pendant around your neck to keeping the stone in your pocket, you can embrace the powerful healing components of the tiger's eye stone.
If you want to have your tiger's eye stone on you wherever you go, wearing it in a piece of jewelry is an easy way to do so. You can buy tiger's eye pendants, tiger's eye rings, tiger's eye bracelets, and many other unique jewelry pieces adorned with this stone.
Feng Shui
Feng shui is the practice of using space and the layout of your home or office to create a balanced energy environment. This can be done by using gemstones and crystals in the practice of feng shui. Tiger's eye is an especially useful stone for feng shui purposes.
The tiger's eye gemstone can be used to keep moods grounded, make fears dissipate, and attract good luck. Overall, it's an excellent stone for providing a safe environment to your home or office. With its protective qualities you can see why tiger's eye gemstones are often used for the purpose of feng shui.
If you want to tap into the protective attributes of a tiger's eye stone, place it by your front door or by a window. This will add a feeling of security to your home and be an essential part of your feng shui layout.
The tiger's eye stone can also be used for meditation purposes. When you meditate, use your tiger's eye gemstone to help you connect to your purpose and path. As you meditate, hold the stone in your hand and let the healing powers and focus be the result of using the tiger's eye with your meditation.
You can also wear your tiger's eye as jewelry or place a tiger's eye gemstone on the table next to you as you meditate to let its powerful energy guide you in your spiritual meditations.
Chakra Cleansing
The tiger's eye gemstone is used in conjunction with the root, solar plexus, and sacral chakras. Tiger's eye can be used to dispel negative energy when used with the root chakra. When used with all three chakras, a tiger's eye gem will help to provide safety and strength to the holder as well as enable them to feel grounded.
This gemstone can also be used with the third eye chakra for enhancing psychic abilities as it's known for its mystical qualities.
Use the tiger's eye gemstone when engaging in a chakra cleansing and you will feel better in many different ways and reap the benefits listed above.
Table Displays
Sometimes you might want to display your tiger's eye gemstone right out in the open. With a larger tiger's eye gemstone, you can display this beautiful item in your home or office for all to see.
You can place the gemstone on a table by itself or add a few other crystals and gemstones to the collection for a decor item with an added powerful energy.
Carry the Loose Stones
You might find that keeping a tiger's eye stone in your pocket or purse as you go about your day is an ideal notion. By doing so, you can carry this good luck, focus-oriented stone with you wherever you go.
If you need some added energy throughout the day, simply take out your tiger's eye and hold it for a minute or so to recharge your strength.
single tigers eye stone
How to Care For Tiger's Eye
When you purchase your new tiger's eye gemstone, you want to be sure to keep it looking as lovely as possible.
Caring for your stone is easy as can be. Simply let it sit in water with a little bit of soap for a short while. Then, rinse off your tiger's eye stone and you'll find that it's clean, recharged, and ready to be put back to good use.
For a more in depth energy cleansing, place your tiger's stone outside at night every so often and let the moonlight cleanse your beloved gemstone. This will provide excellent recharging qualities for your stone.
When you want to put your tiger's eye aside, such as safely storing a piece of tiger's eye jewelry, make sure to place it in a small felt bag or separate jewelry box compartment so it doesn't get damaged if put in with other items. You want your tiger's eye to be in the best shape possible for years to come.
Pursue Success with Tiger's Eye By Your Side
Tiger's eye is a gemstone with an excellent meaning and wonderful healing qualities. When you have a tiger's eye necklace or loose tiger's eye gem to take with you wherever you go, you'll feel confident and protected as you face each day.
When it's time to buy a tiger's eye gemstone, consider the following:
- Do I want to wear it or carry it?
- Do I want a small stone or larger display?
- What color scheme am I looking for, more yellow or more brown?
- What jewelry items do I often wear that I could add a tiger's eye stone to?
- What is my gemstone budget?
- Do I want to collect other stones to display beside my tiger's eye gemstone?
As you consider these items, you'll be able to choose the right type of tiger's eye gemstone to add to your stone collection. You might even want to collect a few different types of tiger's eye stones, especially if you're really interested in this type of gemstone.
When you buy your tiger's eye gemstone, think of the many ways you can use your new item. You can take up meditation or engage in chakra cleansing and watch the tiger's eye work its powerful energy magic. You'll find that having this gemstone by your side gives a new outlook and helps you in various areas of your life to achieve what you've been looking to do all along.
Explore the tiger's eye products and choose the one that is most suited for your lifestyle. You'll find that adding this lovely stone to your collection is not only a good idea for its powerful energy but lovely aesthetics as well.


GLAMPING – Nature served on silver platter
Studenteropgave: Speciale (inkl. HD afgangsprojekt)
 - Katarina Leci Sakacova
4. semester, Turisme, Kandidat (Kandidatuddannelse)
This research deals with a new trend in tourism, glamping. This type of tourism is rather unexplored, which is the main reason for choosing this topic. The knowledge about glamping is usually very brief and restricted to a short explanation of the term glamping as glamorous or luxury camping. This stresses only bond with nature without having to sacrifice the luxury. However, this clarification is not sufficient for the purpose of suppliers. In order to make their services effective, it is important to know their customers much deeper. Therefore, this research attempts to present at least one part of missing knowledge about glampers.
This study seeks answers to the following questions about glampers, their motivations, needs and happiness during their glamping holidays (as a more profound equivalent of tourist satisfaction):
What characterizes glampers as tourists?
What are the motivations, needs, wants and expectations expressed by glampers?
How do glampers imagine happy holiday?
The first question is the main question of this study. The following questions are sub-questions, which should help to dig deeper into specific areas, and hence to get even better understanding of glampers' thinking.
This research is an exploratory qualitative study written under the social constructivist paradigm. The data were collected in three stages. The first step was a passive netnography where Facebook groups, travel blogs, glamping sites and online forums about glamping were searched and observed. Furthermore, the preliminary definition of glamping on basis of web pages of glamping suppliers, academic literature, newspaper articles and online definitions (more than 280 different data sources were revised). The second stage was continuing in the more focused passive netnography of two Facebook groups and 13 blogs. The third, and the most important, stage consists of six Skype interviews and six e-interviews. The data from different sources was scrutinized and compared in order to identify patterns of glampers' behaviour, needs and happiness.
The theories about motivations for nature-based tourism, push & pull factors, consumption of luxury products and services and happiness in tourism were used to explore important characteristics of glampers. The analysis showed that there are two main groups of glampers – resort glampers and caravan glampers. Resort glampers are customers of luxury glamping resorts whilst caravan glampers use their personalized caravans during their holidays. Both groups wish to be close to nature but they do not want to give up the comfort, which they are used to at home. These comforts entail tasty food, good vine, comfortable bed and many small accessories, which create a homely atmosphere. Resort glampers seek relax, adventurous outdoors activities and a lot of privacy, which allows them to bond with their families. Caravan glampers are motivated also by these things. However, the most important for them is the independence and creativity. They can be characterized as travellers, who are keen on personalizing and making their caravans beautiful. They concentrate on sharing their inventions and ideas. They love freedom, which allows them to explore the country and to get to know other people. The socializing aspect of glamping is crucial for them.
The purpose of this research is to fill in at least one part of the aforementioned missing knowledge about glampers and to demonstrate that glamping has more faces than only luxury. The aim is not to find an ultimate answer to the aforesaid questions, and hence the findings should not be generalized. Instead, discovery of patterns about glampers' motivations, needs, wants and happiness is a goal of this study.
ID: 76860446