text:
The X Games (ESPN competition)
Xare (a sport played with a racket)
The X Games is an extreme sporting event that includes dirt bike riding and Snowboarding. BMX and Rally are also featured.
Well, Cross Country is sometimes abbreviated as "X" Country, the X standing for cross.
quoits [there is actually a Victorian Association with teams and ladders]
X-treme skate boarding
There are several sports starting with letter X, but they aren't very popular or widely-known. For example, Xingyiquan - type of Chinese martial arts; Xare - a racket sport and Xiangqi - a Chinese table game, similar to Chess.
* If playing the xylophone is a sport, then the sport would be called xlylophony. and a player would be called a xylophoner. * Lacrosse begins with the cross (x) * + all sports that are exciting ( x citing) How about this:
The X Games is an annual event with a focus on extreme action sports. The Winter X Games are held in January or February and the Summer X Games are usually held in August. Participants compete to win bronze, silver and gold medals, and prize money.
For more information, try this site:
Why do you care what sports start with the letter x???
One sport is called X GAMES.
Get ur answer somewhere else cause i got nothin type in,"fruit that starts with d"
From the Bounty books crossword dictionary Under the Games,sports and pastimes section xyst xystos.
Xingyiquan - type of Chinese martial arts;
it took me a while to find this
there is an argentinian sport named XARE.
The most famous sports word that begins with x is the X-Games. They are games where people skate and bike across complex courses and do lots of tricks. It is extremely interesting to watch.
Xingyiquan is a martial art.
well it endsx with x s*x
I don't think so...
x games and the xhare
No river in Texas starts with the letter X.
There are no English words that begin with the letter x that mean adventurous.
If you mean what adjective means 'dog-like' then 'canine' is the word.
Xavier University Musketeers
There are no Olympic sports that begin with the letter x.
There are no countries in Africa that begin with the letter X.
Equestrian is a sport that involves horseback riding. To the best of my knowledge there are no sports that begin with the letter x.
what are some places in Mexico that begin with the letter X
Plants that begin with the letter X:XanthocerasXanthorrhoeaXeranthemumXerophytexylemXylosma.xylem
There are no US states that begin with X. == ==
Xeranthemum and Xanthoceras are flowers. They begin with the letter X.
there is no feelings that start with an x
· x-rated · xenophobic


text:
For details on how to contact our editorial and commercial departments, click here
Northallerton lecture by descendant of key figure in US history
12:11pm Sunday 30th December 2012 in News
A DESCENDANT of a man who helped shape America's history, is set to give a talk.
Jeremiah Dixon was responsible for helping create America's Mason-Dixon line, which divided the slave-owning Southern states from abolitionist Northern states during the civil war.
Jeremiah Dixon, from Cockfield, County Durham, was commissioned 250 years ago by King George III to help resolve a dispute over boundary lines between the English colonies of Maryland and Pennsylvania in the US.
Maryland had been founded in 1632 by the Calvert family from Kiplin Hall, North Yorkshire, as a refuge for English Catholics. About 50 years later, neighbouring Pennsylvania was created by the Quaker William Penn and inhabited by the more aggressive Puritans.
Although surveying was in its infancy, accurate boundary measurements were required to prevent continuing argument, so the royal astronomer at the Greenwich Observatory recommended his assistant Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon, from Cockfield to undertake a boundary survey.
It took five years and proved one of the great technological feats of the century.
The boundary became the Mason-Dixon, which defined the boundary of freedom for escaping black slaves and the dividing line between Southern and Northern states in the civil war.
Now one of his direct descendants, John Dixon, is to host a talk entitled Jeremiah Dixon; Revered in America, Forgotten at Home, for Northallerton and District Local History Society.
It will take place at the Sacred Heart Church Hall on Thirsk Road, Northallerton at 7pm on Tuesday, January 8. Non-members are welcome at a nominal admission charge of £2.50, while students under 18 will be admitted free.
Comments are closed on this article.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Production of paracetamol
Task 3: Detailed mass and energy balance and mechanical design
Each individual should verify the plant general mass and energy balance for their section of the process. This will require a consideration of kinetic and thermodynamic properties of the process stream and any chemical transformations occurring. Operational parameters and limits should be formalised. The plant general mass balance may need to be updated to reflect any changes required. A detailed mechanical design should be made for at least one major item of plant equipment and any ancillary equipment related to this item should be specified. This should include the specification of pumps, line sizes, valves and instrumentation etc. An outline of the intended control system should be included along with start-up and shut-down methodology for the equipment. The plant PFD should be updated to reflect any changes and a formal Engineering Line Diagram (ELD) should be produced (Visio is available).
Last Completed Projects
topic title academic level Writer delivered


text:
- of or resembling a tooth; toothlike.
Origin of odontoid
Examples from the Web for odontoid
Historical Examples of odontoid
The first vertebra has nothing of the nature of an odontoid process.The Vertebrate Skeleton
Sidney H. Reynolds
The odontoid process of the axis is still more concave than in Poebrotherium, but not spout-like as in existing forms.
The odontoid process of the axis vertebra is somewhat cheese-taster shaped, as in recent Artiodactyles.
Odontoid process of second vertebra semi-cylindrical; skull with a sagittal crest; and the condyle of the lower jaw rounded.
Change of form of the odontoid process of the second or axis vertebrae from a cone to a hollow half-cylinder.
- of or relating to the odontoid process
- Shaped like a tooth.
- Of or relating to the odontoid process.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
ndexes are Oracle database objects that provide a fast, efficient method of retrieving data from database tables. The physical addresses of required rows can be retrieved from indexes much more efficiently than by reading the entire table. Effective indexing usually results in significant improvements to SQL performance too.
Oracle's default index structure is B*-tree, which stands for "Balanced tree." It has a hierarchical tree structure. At the top is the header. This block contains pointers to the appropriate branch block for any given range of key values. The branch block points either to another branch block, if the index is big, or to an appropriate leaf block. Finally, the leaf block contains a list of key values and physical addresses (ROWIDs) of rows in the database.
Theoretically, any row in a table, even a big one, could be retrieved in a maximum of three or four I/Os (input/output operations): one header block, one or two branch block(s), and one leaf block.
Oracle indexes are not self-balancing. They become fragmented after a large number of INSERTs and DELETEs, which may lead to significant performance degradation. In this 10-Minute Solution I show you how to detect these "out-of-shape" indexes and cure them.
How do you prevent Oracle indexes from becoming fragmented?
Use a PL/SQL stored procedure to detect out-of-balance indexes and rebuild them by utilizing index statistics from the INDEX_STATS view. Run it periodically to keep indexes in your database in good shape.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
The Pack contains associated resources for the learning experience, typically in the form of articles and videos. There is a teacher Pack (with only teacher information) and a student Pack (which contains only student information). As a teacher, you can toggle between both to see everything.
Here are the teacher pack items for Plains Indians Way of Life:
Overview Note that the student pack includes a link to a set of interactive games, Tracking the Buffalo, for learning more about the Plains Indians. If time permits, have students explore this site. Objectives:
OverviewIn this experience, students learn about the Plains Indians and their way of life. Then, they learn about the importance of the American bison to the Plains tribes and how the near extinction of the buffalo affected them. Finally, students select a Plains Indian tribe for further research.
Note that the student pack includes a link to a set of interactive games, Tracking the Buffalo, for learning more about the Plains Indians. If time permits, have students explore this site.
Long before white settlers came to America, Native Americans lived on the North American continent. In the region between the Mississippi River and the Rocky Mountains, north of Texas and in southern Canada, the Plains Indians made their home.
Based on what you know about the geography of the midwestern states, what do you think life was like for the Plains Indians?


text:
This article is intended for an Exchange Server administrator. If you experience issues with your Exchange account on your iPhone, iPad, or iPod touch, contact your company's Exchange Server administrator.
An iPhone, iPad, or iPod touch might get connection errors from an intermediate server. These errors happen if a transaction times out before the Mailbox server and device finish a session. Sometimes, a Time to Live (TTL) or heartbeat interval (HBI) on the intermediate servers is shorter than the life of the Exchange ActiveSync transactions. When this happens, the device and the Mailbox server don't communicate.
Check the TTL settings for the intermediate servers between the iOS devices and the Mailbox server. ActiveSync transactions fail when these settings don't exceed the maximum TTL.
Identify the error
When the transaction takes longer than the TTL settings allow, an error appears on the device. It might be an HTTP 500 error or a Status error 110. These errors might delay the account data in that folder or cause it to reload. For example, requests to sync an Exchange Calendar might result in a series of 500 errors in a row. When this happens, iOS asks Exchange to send all calendar data the next time it connects. This lets iOS replace its local cache of calendar data.
Check the ActiveSync log to find out what type of error the device received at the time of the issue. Here's an example of an HTTP 500 error in an ActiveSync log:
Event Type: Error
Event Source: Server ActiveSync
Description: Unexpected Exchange mailbox Server error: Server: [myserver.company.com] User: [_EMAIL_] HTTP status code:. Verify that the Exchange mailbox Server is working correctly.
Learn how to identify the HTTP or Status errors in your Exchange logs.
Set the server's HBI to 59 minutes
The HBI is the amount of time that iOS calculates should pass between pings to the server. If you're the Exchange Server administrator, set the server's HBI to 59 minutes. Learn how to adjust the HBI for your server.
Confirm the timeout for all network firewalls
If you're the system or network administrator, set all network firewalls to time out at 30 minutes or more. The default timeout for some devices might be as low as five minutes. Give the pings and other sync processes enough time to travel to the mailbox and back. Learn how to set and confirm all network firewall settings.
Update the iPhone, iPad, or iPod touch settings
To decrease the amount of data that syncs to the device, lower these settings:
- The number of Mail Days to Sync
- The Sync Calendar Events timeframe
- How often the device fetches data from the server, and how often the server pushes data to the device


text:
A warrior is a person habitually engaged in combat. In tribal societies, warriors often form a caste or class of their own. In feudalism, the vassals essentially form a military or warrior class, even if in actual warfare, peasants may be called to fight as well. In some societies, warfare may be so central that the entire people (or, more often, the male population) may be considered warriors, for example the Maori or Germanic tribes.
A pre-modern soldier is also called a warrior. The word warrior implies one who is not part of a full-time army. Without strict hierarchial discipline constantly being imposed on them, warriors in pre-modern societies were often guided by societal warrior codes.
Professional warriors are people who are paid money for engaging in military campaigns and fall into one of two categories: Soldiers; when fighting on behalf of their own state, or Mercenaries; when offering their services commercially and unrelated to their own nationality. The classification of somebody who is involved in acts of violence may be a matter of perspective, and there may be disagreement whether a given person is a hooligan, a gangster, a terrorist, a rebel, a freedom fighter, a mercenary or a soldier.


text:
Crane Hoist Brake
The harm of Crane Hoist Brake reverse brake
Electric hoist is generally installed in gantry cranes, single girder cranes, overhead cranes, suspended cranes. A little modification, can also be used as a hoist. So, it is to improve labor efficiency, improve the working conditions of the necessary tools, electric hoist reverse brake what harm it, the following is given the introduction:
1, if the high-speed operation of a motor to the opposite direction, it will cause a strong impact, burn the motor.
2, the brakes will also cause a strong friction between the gear impact, causing equipment accidents.
3, if the electric hoist hanging on the crane, due to the weight of the crane, if suddenly give it a reverse force, electric hoist because of strong inertia and produce a lot of torque, will cause the transmission system, and the fuselage damage The
4, lifting the weight will swing, the occurrence of falling accidents.


text:
step 1. Firstly you must create virtualhost directory at other that you want.
such as /home/redcrow/workspace/atstand
step 2. Go to /etc/ then edit file name's hosts
(add ip address and hostname that you want) such as
i'am add ip address 127.0.0.1(reference own computer) and host name's atstand.dear.dev(URL website)
step 3. Go to /etc/apache2/site-available/
and copy file name's default and paste
then rename file that you want(but extension must as.conf)
such as atstand.dear.dev.conf
edit it following
ServerAdmin is contact email of administrator
ServerName is hostname or URL that you want.
ServerAlias is second name of URL
DocumentRoot is virtualhost directory that you create in step 1.
step 4. at /etc/apache2/site-available/
type the following command for enable virtualhost
you will see atstand.dear.dev.conf into /etc/apache2/site-enable
step 5. restart web server(apache2) by use following command
$sudo service apache2 restart
step 6. testing
open firefox then put URL(atstand.dear.dev)
you will see result(i use php frameworks name's yii framework)


text:
||According to a method of
Brunauer, Emmett and Teller* the surface of a (ceramic) powder can be calculated
from the N2-isotherm, which is observed at the boiling point
of liquid nitrogen. By the analysis of the adsorption curves within the
relative pressure ranges p/p0 ~ 0,05 and p/p0
~ 0,2 the volume Vm is determined, which according to the theory
of Brunauer, Emmett and Teller corresponds to the quantity of nitrigen,
which is necessary for a monomolecular layer. The surface needed for one
nitrigen molecule is 16,2Å2. From this value the specific
surface of the sample can be determined in m2/g.
* Brunnauer, S., P.H. Emmett
und E. Teller: J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 60 (1938) 309.


Foreign JavaScript
I am interested in finding out what this actually does?
if (result = !!(iterator || Prototype.K)(value, index))
I seen this function in the Prototype library and haven't been able to
find any documentation to gain insight into what the line above does.
any: function(iterator) {
var result = false;
this.each(function(value, index) {
if (result = !!(iterator || Prototype.K)(value, index))
throw $break;
});
return result;
},
More specifically it is the … !!(iterator || Prototype.K)(value,
index) … piece of code that confuses me.
-NSHB
Nathaniel Steven Henry Brown
Open Source Insight - _URL_
Open Source Development - _URL_
Open Source Training - _URL_
It looks like it's going to call the iterator function that's passed in
or
Prototype.K if no iterator was passed in. In either case it passes
'value'
and 'index' to the function. I'm guessing that the !! is going to work
to
convert the return value of that function call to a boolean, which is
then
assigned to result.
Prototype.K is just an empty function. So if iterator is not defined
it will just use an empty function instead. The !!() forces the
returned value of the function to be a boolean.
Hope that breif description helps.
Brandon
Just as an additional precision, Prototype.K is not empty, it's the
identity (Kernel) function: it basically returns its first argument,
untouched. Not to be mistaken with Prototype.EmptyFunction :slight_smile:
Brandon Aaron a écrit :
Prototype.K is just an empty function. So if iterator is not defined
it will just use an empty function instead. The !!() forces the
returned value of the function to be a boolean.
Indeed, the !! trick (double-logical-negation) forces any value to be
converted to its boolean equivalent :slight_smile:
Christophe P. a.k.a. TDD
"[They] did not know it was impossible, so they did it." --Mark Twain
Email: [email protected]
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text:
Make Perhaps This Out Sense Of Can You
On Exhibit: August 30th - December 16th, 2007
Bob Cobbing (_PHONE_, England) is a Concrete Text-Sound poet whose works are represented in the Sackner Archive of Concrete & Visual Poetry — "Archive" rather than collection because it is a community space. Make Perhaps This Out Sense Of Can You is an intermedia event — a mutual in/de/re/flection of text, sound, image and bodies. During this exhibition, the Rosenwald Gallery becomes a participatory site. In it, a fracture occurs: the word as word, sound, sight & communication as coordination — what Khlebnikov calls "two circles of shooting stars"; a textual cosmology — dissolving the metaphor "a body of language" and giving way to the generative concept that communication occurs as a LANGUAGE OF BODIES.
Wednesday, October 10th, 5:30pm: Exhibition reception


Validate Method
Applies to TestComplete 15.65, last modified on July 17, 2024
This method is obsolete. See the Remarks section below.
Description
Generates the OnValidate event for the testObjectObj object. You can use this event to check whether some object properties are valid.
Declaration
TestObj.Validate(Params)
TestObj A variable, parameter or expression that specifies a reference to one of the objects listed in the Applies To section
Params [in] Optional Variant Default value:
Result None
Applies To
All processes, windows, controls and onscreen objects.
View Mode
To view this method in the Object Browser panel and in other panels and dialogs, activate the Advanced view mode.
Parameters
The method has the following parameter:
Params
Parameter(s) that will be passed to the OnValidate event handler. This can be either a single object or value, or an array of values.
Result Value
None.
Remarks
This method is obsolete. It is supported for backward compatibility only. To validate object properties, use property checkpoints.
Example
JavaScript, JScript
var P = new Array(3);
P[0] = 1;
P[1] = "String";
P[2] = false;
Obj.Validate(P);
// Obj is the object to be validated. It can be any tested object (window, process, etc).
Python
P = []
P.append(1)
P.append("String")
P.append(False)
Obj.Validate(P)
# Obj is the object to be validated. It can be any tested object (window, process, etc).
VBScript
Dim P(2)
P(0) = 1
P(1) = "String"
P(2) = False
Obj.Validate P
' Obj is the object to be validated. It can be any tested object (window, process, etc).
DelphiScript
P := CreateVariantArray(0, 2);
P[0] := 1;
P[1] := 'String';
P[2] := false;
Obj.Validate(P);
// Obj is the object to be validated. It can be any tested object (window, process, etc).
C++Script, C#Script
var P = new Array(3);
P[0] = 1;
P[1] = "String";
P[2] = false;
Obj["Validate"](P);
// Obj is the object to be validated. It can be any tested object (window, process, etc).
See Also
About Property Checkpoints
About Object Checkpoints
OnValidate Event
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text:
How to: Configure the cursor threshold Option (SQL Server Management Studio)
Use the cursor threshold option to specify the number of rows in the cursor set at which cursor keysets are generated asynchronously. When cursors generate a keyset for a result set, the query optimizer estimates the number of rows that will be returned for that result set. If the query optimizer estimates that the number of returned rows is greater than this threshold, the cursor is generated asynchronously, allowing the user to fetch rows from the cursor while the cursor continues to be populated. Otherwise, the cursor is generated synchronously, and the query waits until all rows are returned.
To configure the cursor threshold option
In Object Explorer, right-click a server and select Properties.
Click the Advanced node.
Under Miscellaneous, change the Cursor Threshold option to the desired value.
Use the cursor threshold option to specify the number of rows in the cursor set at which cursor keysets are generated asynchronously. If you set cursor threshold to -1, all keysets are generated synchronously, which benefits small cursor sets. If you set cursor threshold to 0, all cursor keysets are generated asynchronously.


PhD Scientific Days 2024
Budapest, 9-10 July 2024
Mental Health Sciences I.
Virtual Reality Based Preparation for MRI Examinations in Children.
Author(s)
Sándor Erdős MD1
1: Semmelweis University Pediatric Centre Tűzoltó Street Department
Text of the abstract
Virtual reality-based preparation for MRI examinations in children
Dr. Sándor Erdős
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is often stressful for children as they must lie still in an unfamiliar, narrow machine for a long period of time. As a result, achieving high-quality images often requires general anesthesia, which comes with associated risks and can be costly due to the need for specialized staff and equipment. Previous studies have shown that educating children about the procedure can reduce anxiety levels and the need for anesthesia. Virtual reality (VR) technology introduced in such preparations could open up new possibilities, providing an immersive environment that creates a sense of presence.
Our research aims to reduce the number of children requiring anesthesia and measure psychological variables (fear, distress, awareness, mood) for MRI examinations using a VR experience designed to prepare them for the procedure.
In our randomized controlled trial, children aged 4-18 scheduled for MRI examinations under general anesthesia are randomized into three conditions: VR experience, informational booklet, and passive control. During the VR experience, the examination room is presented playfully, followed by an experience based on acceptance and commitment therapy. In the educational booklet condition, children are presented with a brochure. The passive control group receives standard care. Before the intervention and before and after the examination, we measure children's and parents' levels of fear, distress, mood, and awareness using visual analog scales. Furthermore, we record the duration of anesthesia and the drugs and dosages used.
The data collection phase of the study began on November 2, 2023. So far, we have screened 267 children, of which 71 were deemed eligible, and 55 agreed to participate in the study. Initial experiences suggest that VR technology has been positively received by children, their parents, and healthcare staff, with no significant adverse effects observed.
Based on our results, VR-based preparation could become part of everyday healthcare practice, reducing the need for general anesthesia and associated healthcare risks and costs.
The research is supported by the New National Excellence Program (UNKP-23-3-II-SE-86), the Ministry of Culture and Innovation, and the National Research, Development, and Innovation Office.


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How To Remove Limescale From Your Toilet
Limescale is a common problem in the UK that can leave unsightly stains in your toilet. In this guide we outline how you can remove limescale from your toilet, where it comes from and how you can prevent it coming back.
How To Remove Limescale From Your Toilet:
 1. Pour vinegar into the toilet bowl
 2. Leave for 3-4 hours
 3. Scrub the toilet bowl
 4. Flush the toilet
 5. Repeat as necessary
Step 1: Pour Vinegar Into Your Toilet
Vinegar is a great natural cleaner which will be cheaper than most specialist cleaners your can buy. First, pour a litre of white vinegar into your toilet bowl. As your pour make sure the vinegar reaches all parts of the bowl. Pay close attention to covering areas with particularly bad limescale.
Step 2: Allow The Vinegar To Sit
After you've poured the vinegar into your toilet, leave it to work its magic for 3-4 hours. If your limescale is particularly bad you can leave it overnight.
Step 3: Scrub The Toilet Bowl
Now you've let the vinegar work, it's time to use your toilet brush to scrub the areas of limescale. At this point you can also add some more vinegar if the stains don't appear to be shifting.
If you have some particularly stubborn stains, grab a pair of gloves & scrub the areas more vigorously with the scourer side of a kitchen sponge. When scrubbing, it's important to apply vinegar or water to the area first and be very careful not to scratch the surface of the toilet.
Step 4: Flush The Toilet
Once you feel you've scrubbed all of the limescale away, flush the toilet a few times to clear any remaining vinegar and mineral deposits.
Step 5: Repeat Until The Toilet Is Clean
If you've followed these steps and your toilet still isn't clean, you can repeat the process above until you can hopefully remove all of the limescale. If the stains are really stubborn, try leaving the vinegar in your toilet overnight, which should hopefully shift the limescale. If this method doesn't work for you, it could be time to replace your toilet with a shiny new one.
Remove Limescale With Cola
The acidity of cola makes it really useful for cleaning purposes, particularly when trying to break down limescale. This is another method which will save you having to buy expensive specialist cleaners.
1. Pour Cola Around The Bowl
First you'll need to pour the cola, making sure you coat the whole bowl whilst paying close attention to any problem limescale areas. Although there isn't a specific amount to use, roughly the size of a regular can of cola should be enough.
2. Leave To Sit
Next you'll need to leave the cola to get to work. This should be for at least an hour but you can leave it overnight if there's a large amount of limescale.
3. Scrub The Limescale
As with the vinegar, you'll next need to scrub the limescale with your toilet brush. You can again use gloves and a kitchen sponge to work harder at particularly stubborn areas.
4. Flush The Toilet
You can now flush your toilet and hopefully see that the limescale is removed. If it doesn't work the first time you can always repeat the process again.
Removing Limescale With Specialist Products
There's a whole host of specialist limescale cleaning products available which should help remove any stains. If you choose to use one of these cleaners, make sure it will actually remove the limescale, rather than just altering its colour.
Sandpaper Or Pumice Stones
You might hear that people have had success removing limescale by scrubbing with something harsher such as sandpaper or a pumice stone. Although this may help remove the limescale, there's also a chance that you could damage the finish of your toilet, so this isn't something we'd recommend.
What Is Limescale?
Limescale is a chalky substance that you'll find on many items throughout your home that come into contact with water. When water moves through softer rocks like limestone or chalk, it will pick up some of their minerals. These minerals will remain in the water when it reaches your home which then leads to limescale stains.
Limescale, which is mainly composed of calcium carbonate, will appear in your toilet as a brown, orange or pink coloured stain.
Hard Water Areas
Limescale is a problem in hard water areas. Hard water has high concentrations of minerals within it, compared to soft water which will have a very small or no mineral content.
Whether you have hard water or soft water will largely depend on where you live. You can check with your water company but overall, over 60% of people in the UK live in a hard water area.
Preventing Limescale In Your Toilet
As limescale is caused by the mineral content of the water supply to your home, rather than a lack of cleaning, preventing limescale buildups can be difficult. However, using the methods above regularly will help remove the limescale before it becomes a harder problem to tackle.
Lemon Or Vinegar
Pouring a small amount of lemon or vinegar into your toilet once a month can help prevent the build up of limescale deposits. The acidity of these will help wash away any smaller limescale deposits without the need for intense scrubbing.
Water Softeners
Another, albeit more expensive approach is installing a water softener in your home. These devices will remove the minerals in the hard water supply, which should prevent the buildup of limescale in your toilet.
Keeping your toilet free of limescale isn't easy but with a little bit of work, you should be able to keep it looking great. If you've scrubbed your toilet and the limescale doesn't want to budge, it could be time to replace it. Luckily, Tap Warehouse have an excellent selection of toilets to choose from.
You might also like
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text:
Auckland university researchers have written software which enables a computer to recognise rat footprints from those of other wildlife, and tell the difference between species of rats.
"By identifying rat species we can understand patterns of invasion on predator-free islands, or detect new species entering New Zealand," biologist James Russell said.
The software can be used to read cards left on either side of an inkpad that pests walk over in tunnels placed in vulnerable sites such as predator-free islands or cargo crates.
Footprint cards are a cheap method of identifying animals, particularly ones present in low numbers, or difficult for human observers to find.
The Department of Conservation uses footprint cards but analyses them manually, and it is difficult for even experts to differentiate between species with similar-looking footprints.
Automating the footprint identification speeds up the tracking of invasive animals, and technique can be easily adapted to monitor other animals.
By developing an automated method to identify species, and extending it to any animal that leaves tracks - including reptiles and insects - researchers can help track species living in an area, said Dr Russell, who now teaches at the University of California's Berkeley campus.
Tracking tunnels will be used on Auckland's Rangitoto and Motutapu islands, where eradication programmes have started against all introduced animals.


text:
Author(s): Glenis Heath; Heather McKenzie; Laurel Tully
The fourth edition of Food Solutions: Food Studies Units 1 & 2 has been re-written specifically for the new Food Studies VCE Study Design. The trusted author team has added exciting new dishes from around the world to complement existing much-loved recipes, each accompanied by nutritional information to reflect the increased focus on enabling students to understand and own their food decisions. Featuring fully updated case studies and activities, designed to increase students' understanding and awareness of the issues surrounding food supply and consumption, Food Solutions builds a foundation of learning for students to live better and pursue further training and employment in food-related industries. *Complimentary access to NelsonNet is available to teachers who use the accompanying student book as a core resource in their classroom. Contact your education consultant for access codes and conditions.


text:
About the FTCSmicro-3M Infrared Temperature Sensor
The pyrometer FTCSmicro-3M has been designed for a temperature range from 50°C to 600°C (122 °F to 1112 °F). Its special spectral range of 2.3 µm makes it the ideal IR pyrometer for temperature measurement of metallic surfaces starting from 50°C (122 °F) and it allows for measurements through glass.
The small infrared measuring head is optimally suited for installation in limited spaces and subsequently makes possible an especially cost-efficient mechanical process integration.
The compact IR thermometer FTCSmicro-3M has a measuring wave length of 2.3 µm and is therefore used for temperature measurement of metallic surfaces and composite materials in processing operations. Especially its low temperature range from 50°C on makes the temperature sensor a favored measurement tool for all sorts of low-temperature measurement of metals.
- Miniaturized Infrared thermometer with 2,3μm spectral response for measurements of metals, of secondary metal processing, metal oxides and ceramic materials
- For measurements on metal surfaces with a very low start temperature of 50°C
- Green LED alarm indication, aiming support, self diagnostic or temperature code indication
- Scalable analog output: 0-10V or 0-5V and additional simultaneous alarm output
- Adjustable signal processing
- Optional USB programming interface and software


text:
India's dwindling forests could be revived with the help of an artificial topsoil made from waste. Initial studies suggest that the mixture of sewage sludge, fly ash (the residue from burning coal) and weed compost can increase plant growth by between 50 and 200 per cent on poor eroded soils.
Researchers from the Department of Earth Sciences at the University of Western Ontario, Canada began testing the artificial soil at two plantations in the state of Orissa in eastern India. This week they will start two new trials in Orissa and larger scale use of the soil substitute is planned for next year.
Michael Powell, who heads the project, says the idea is to create a soil with similar properties to normal, organic soil, and add to it soils that have lost essential minerals. 'The results to date have been quite amazing.'
So far, Powell and his colleagues have tested...
To continue reading this article, subscribe to receive access to all of newscientist.com, including 20 years of archive content.


ICA talk for Critical Waves
Looking forward to taking part in a Critical Waves conference at the ICA March 26th.
This conference aims to inspire researchers to consider strategies for presenting their research that are more innovative than simply reading papers aloud. Artists and academics will discuss how they use the voice as a creative material in their work, touching on how the voice can enhance or disrupt content, the politics of the voice and authorship, and what it might mean to speak with someone else's voice.
Speakers include Sam Belinfante, Iris Garrelfs, Magz Hall, Marc Herbst and Aura Satz.


text:
If you're looking for a way to improve your spatial reasoning skills then look no further than Pictorial.
The app is designed to challenge users to solve geometrical puzzles by rotating objects. You use the touchscreen to rotate constellations until they are upright and create an object. You'll come across numerous different shapes, including stars, houses, animals and more. There are two different themes in the game, including Night City and Arctic, and the game's developer promises more are coming soon.
"Spatial reasoning is a common part of intelligence tests, pre-employment tests and admission tests to certain educations," Pictorial's developer says about the app. "Also spatial reasoning is generally regarded as one of the most basic reasoning abilities together with verbal reasoning, logical reasoning, numerical reasoning and abstract reasoning.
Some constellations are simple while others are quite challenging. But the game has a "help" feature that rotates constellations for you, revealing the true shape of the object.
Pictorial is available for free on the iTunes App Store and is compatible with the iPhone, iPad and iPod Touch. Check out a preview trailer of the app below.
Released: 2011-03-07 :: Category: Games
Tagged with: free, iPad, iphone, ipod touch


Take the 2-minute tour ×
I'm pretty sure celery is 芹菜. qin2 cai4
I heard people referring to bok choy as qin cai as well, but I believe it was qin1 cai4. Is this correct? When I look up bok choy, it is 白菜 bai2cai4 which sounds phonetically similar to bok choy.
share|improve this question
what this mean pakchoy? what this mean bokchoy? Why? what the different pakchoy and bokchoy? – user3058 Jul 21 '13 at 7:06
4 Answers 4
up vote 4 down vote accepted
You probably mean qing1 cai4 (青菜). It is used for green vegetables in general, but is also used for Chinese cabbage.
现代汉语规范词典 has this to say: 1. 名 一般指小白菜或油菜。 2. 名 泛指蔬菜。
小白菜 is typically translated as Chinese cabbage or bak choy in dictionaries and also used like this in many places in China, in other places people often mean baby bak choy when they use 小白菜.
_URL_ has this to say:
Baby Pak choi, Shanghai Pak choi, or mei quin choi (Chinese: 上海白菜; pinyin: Shànghǎi báicài; Japanese: 青梗菜, chingensai) refers to greener varieties where the varioles are also green. It is simply a less-mature version that could develop into the white-stemmed variety with more time to grow before being harvested. In Shanghai and other eastern China provinces, it is simply called qīngcài (青菜; literally blue/green vegetable) or qīngjiāngcài (青江菜; literally "blue/green river vegetable").
share|improve this answer
芹菜 is celery.
小白菜 is not actually bok choy. The proper English name is "baby bok choy". Bok choy is a much larger vegetable that looks a little bit like a head of lettuce. It doesn't come in the form of individual stalks and one bok choy weighs a couple of pounds.
share|improve this answer
As theGoose mentioned, it depends on where in China you are. In many places 小白菜 really means bak choy and not baby bak choy. – BertR Apr 2 '12 at 7:46
bok choy in Mandarin (Northern part of China) saying is 小白菜 (baby bok choy). The north don't just say bok choy, it's always added a 小 (baby, little, small) before anything else. That's their culture of saying things than the Cantonese at the southern part of China. The Cantonese saying is just the two words bok choy or 白菜子. The 子 at the end means 'baby,little, small, tiny' refer to as 小 (baby, small) in Mandarin. Mandarin put the '小, baby, little' at the beginning of the phrase while the Cantonese leave it at the end of the phrase. It all ended up the same meaning, it just reverse it.
share|improve this answer
qin1 cai4 means 青菜 or 小白菜.
some people used to say qin1 cai4
I'd like call it 小白菜.
白菜 is bigger than 小白菜
share|improve this answer
Your Answer


text:
Ferrari recently announced plans to release its first all-electric supercar in 2025. As exciting as that is, it also raises a lot of questions. Chief among them: how will an electric Ferrari sound? Ferrari fans may be relieved to learn that the Italian carmaker is looking into potentially utilizing the same technology used by the Dodge Fratzonic – a sound generator designed to give electric cars a more traditional engine roar. In this blog post, we explore this technology and what it could mean for future Ferrari EVs.
What is the Ferrari EVs?
Ferrari EVs could have Dodge Fratzonic exhaust-like sound generator. This would use a speaker system to create the noise that an electric car typically makes, which is much quieter than a gas car. It's unclear if this is something that Ferrari is actually considering, or if it's just an idea that someone at the company had.
What is the Dodge Fratzonic?
The Dodge Fratzonic is a sound generator that creates an exhaust-like noise to make Ferrari EVs sound more like traditional gas-powered cars. The device, which is about the size of a smartphone, attaches to the back of the car and uses sensors to detect when the car is accelerating or decelerating. It then produces a noise that is similar to a car engine revving up or down.
How do the two compare?
As electric vehicles become more and more prevalent, carmakers are having to find new ways to differentiate their EVs from the competition. One way that Ferrari is looking to set its EVs apart is with an exhaust-like sound generator that will give them a unique sound.
The sound generator, which has been christened the "Ferrari Fratzonic Exhaust-Like Sound Generator", is designed to produce a noise that is similar to that of a traditional internal combustion engine. This should help to make the EVs more appealing to buyers who are used to the sounds of gasoline-powered cars.
Ferrari isn't the only company working on this technology. Dodge has also developed an exhaust-like sound generator for its EVs. However, there are some key differences between the two systems.
For starters, the Ferrari system is much more compact than the Dodge system. This is due in part to the fact that it uses an array of speakers instead of a single speaker like the Dodge system.
The Ferrari system also produces a wider range of sounds than the Dodge system. This allows drivers to choose from a variety of different engine noises, depending on their mood or preference.
In terms of price, the Ferrari system is significantly more expensive than the Dodge system. However, given the added functionality and unique sound that it offers, many buyers may feel that it is worth the extra cost.


Ensure AWS Elasticsearch domain encryption for data at rest is enabled
Error: AWS Elasticsearch domain encryption for data at rest is disabled
Bridgecrew Policy ID: BC_AWS_ELASTICSEARCH_3
Checkov Check ID: CKV_AWS_5
Severity: HIGH
AWS Elasticsearch domain encryption for data at rest is disabled
Description
Encryption of data at rest is a security feature that helps prevent unauthorized access to your data. The feature uses AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) to store and manage your encryption keys and the Advanced Encryption Standard algorithm with 256-bit keys (AES-256) to perform the encryption. If enabled, the feature encrypts the domain's: indices, logs, swap files, all data in the application directory, and automated snapshots.
We recommend you implement encryption at rest in order to protect a data store containing sensitive information from unauthorized access, and fulfill compliance requirements.
Fix - Runtime
Procedure
By default, domains do not encrypt data at rest, and you cannot configure existing domains to use EncryptionAtRest.
To enable EncryptionAtRest, you must create a new domain and migrate Elasticsearch to that domain. You will also need, at minimum, read-only permissions to AWS KMS.
To create a new domain sign in to your AWS Console and select the Elasticsearch service (under Analytics), follow these steps:
 1. Select Create a new domain.
 2. Change the default Encryption setting to enabled.
 3. Continue configuring your cluster.
Fix - Builtime
CloudFormation
Resource: AWS::Elasticsearch::Domain
Argument: Properties.EncryptionAtRestOptions.Enabled
Resources:
 ElasticsearchDomain:
 Type: AWS::Elasticsearch::Domain
 Properties:
 ...
 EncryptionAtRestOptions:
+ Enabled: True
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Inefficiencies in barcode label printing can decrease a company's throughput, resulting in customer dissatisfaction, delays, missed deadlines, fines, and ultimately a significant impact to overall business performance. Today, companies must be able to easily scale and handle high volumes of label throughput accurately and without fail. To efficiently meet these expanding business requirements, it is essential to optimize speed and network efficiency to print labels quickly and efficiently, independent of printer make and model. Implementing an Enterprise Labeling Solution with high-volume global printing capabilities allows companies to optimize their investment in printers, maximize print performance, and scale globally.
This brief Q&A explores printing barcode labels across a global enterprise.
What Challenges Do Companies Encounter When Trying to Address Requirements For HighVolume Global Printing?
There are a host of things you need to consider when addressing high volume global printing, ranging from network throughput and latency, to print speeds, to issues with label and device management, as well as security. When businesses aren't able to print labels at a predetermined or expected speeds, this can mean a disruption and even a stop in production. It also could result in significant downtime, which can cost companies millions and impact customer satisfaction. Also, when faced with printing performance issues and slow production times, companies may need to arrange for more capacity by having multiple different lines for print requests. This undoubtedly increases maintenance and cost for the company.
There are also issues with label management and having to manage a wide range of label templates, as well as device management since there are so many different types of devices involved in label printing today. And, then there is integrating the company's data into the printing process, since that data may not be located in the same place as the printers. Another important challenge is security. When you're dealing with access to data, companies need to think about prevent unauthorized access to data to limit the possibility of making mistakes resulting in mislabeling.
What Capabilities Facilitate High-Volume Global Printing?
The primary one is the ability for LAN based networks to have performance that is similar to that of a WAN based network. What that means is that you can look at a printer that's in Japan from a system in the United States and treat that printer as though it were right next to you. The infrastructure has to support that at the company site, but the labeling solution you use also has to support that concept. It can't look at that printer and say that's some Windows printer on the other side of the world. It has to look like it's right next to you.
Also, browser-based capabilities facilitate global scaling and high volume global printing. With browser-based labeling solutions you don't need to install any client software to be able to use the system. You simply bring your browser up and you're off and running. Also, standardization and the sophisticated integration capabilities today make a single source of truth more accessible to labeling solutions facilitating printing on a global scale.
Network technology is also important. The technology, which offers access on a global level, has developed substantially over the past ten years and continues to evolve. The concept of high-speed VPNs fifteen years ago looked like magic, but today they are commonplace. The idea that today you could have an office in Germany that could simply pull a large file off a drive in the United States in a couple of seconds is amazing. To continue to embrace these technologies and to keep pace with demands of global organizations, companies need to consider an Enterprise Labeling approach to address expanding business requirements for high volume global printing.
How Can an Enterprise Labeling Solution Enable Companies to Meet High-Volume Label Printing Requirements?
I think the functionality of an Enterprise Labeling Solution offers a variety of benefits for high volume printing. First, there's the performance side of it. The solution has got to be fast and it needs to be delivering as little data as possible to get the label printed. Also, it has to be scalable, not just in terms of the number of labels that are being printed but also the number of printers being used. Using an Enterprise Labeling Solution, which offers access to native printer drivers, reduces print streams to minimize network traffic, optimizes print performance and limits maintenance to meet these high volume requirements.
When you can reduce the size of print streams you're able to dramatically increase print speed. It's especially important for remote sites where you want to provide the smallest possible print stream or amount of data to these sites as possible. If you can do this, you can save substantial time and money with your label printing. The key here is to simplify the printing process with fewer moving parts in your labeling solution and enable companies to manage and support a broad set of printers across locations. This ultimately reduces maintenance and management of the printer network, increasing control and ensuring consistency. It also makes it easier to scale your labeling solution as demand increases, which can result in significant cost savings.
Enterprise Labeling Solutions utilize modern, multi-tier architectures to offer a standardized and centralized way of managing labels throughout a global supply chain. Companies are able to access data from their systems of record or their sources of truth, and have that data available at the right spot so that label printing can be done efficiently with the correct data. When a company adds a new location, a division, or even does an acquisition, the increased labeling can be managed centrally, reducing maintenance and limiting the need for additional resources throughout multiple regions, creating substantial savings for the company. Also, the approach allows controls over the quality of what's being printed which is especially critical in a validated environment. From a global standpoint an Enterprise Labeling Solution lets you manage what you're doing from one location and still print anywhere.
Mark Wick, Vice President, Software Development, Loftware, has over 25 years experience in the architecting and delivering world-class supply chain, enterprise application integration, and enterprise labeling software. He led the development of the labeling industry's first browser-based, all-in-one Enterprise Labeling Solution, Loftware Spectrum. Mr. Wick is an expert in labeling technologies and holds a BS in computer science from MIT.


text:
to understand the feedback provided and use it to improve your submissions.
Benefits of Becoming a Wayfinder
Becoming a Wayfinder through Niantic Wayfarer offers a range of benefits:
- Influence the Game World: Contribute to the creation of new in-game locations, enhancing the overall player experience.
- Community Recognition: Gain recognition within the Niantic community for your contributions to the Wayfarer platform.
- Discover New Places: Explore and discover interesting locations in your local area that you may not have known about otherwise.
- Support Local Businesses: Help promote local businesses and points of interest by suggesting them as valid locations.
- Positive Impact: Contribute to the growth and improvement of the augmented reality gaming ecosystem.
By avoiding common mistakes and understanding the benefits of being a Wayfinder, you can make a positive impact on the Niantic community.
Becoming a Wayfinder through Niantic Wayfarer is a rewarding opportunity to actively shape the augmented reality gaming experience for millions of players. By understanding the criteria for valid Points of Interest and being well-prepared with the Niantic Wayfarer Test Answers for 2023, you can make a positive impact on the gaming community. Remember to stay engaged with the Wayfarer community for ongoing support and guidance in your Wayfinding journey.
How often does Niantic update the Wayfarer test questions?
Niantic periodically updates the Wayfarer test questions to ensure that they remain relevant and aligned with the current criteria for Points of Interest. It's advisable to stay informed about any updates by regularly checking official Niantic communication channels or community forums.
Can I retake the Wayfarer test if I fail the first time?
Yes, if you do not pass the Wayfarer test on your first attempt, you can make subsequent attempts to pass. Take the time to review the criteria and sample questions provided in this article, and consider seeking advice from experienced Wayfinders or community members.
Is there a time limit for completing the Wayfarer test?
As of the latest information available, there is no specified time limit for completing the Wayfarer test. However, it's recommended to allocate sufficient time to carefully read and respond to each question. Rushing through the test may lead to inaccuracies.
Can I edit or update a Point of Interest after it has been submitted?
Yes, you can submit edit requests for Points of Interest that you have previously suggested. If you come across any inaccuracies or changes related to a location, you can provide updated information through the edit request feature in the Wayfarer platform.
Are there any restrictions on the types of locations that can be suggested?
While Niantic provides guidelines on what constitutes a valid Point of Interest, it's important to note that locations associated with private residences, dangerous areas, or locations that may pose a risk to players are not eligible. Always prioritize safety and accessibility when suggesting new locations.
How long does it typically take for a suggested Point of Interest to be reviewed and approved?
The review process for suggested Points of Interest can vary depending on factors such as the volume of submissions and the availability of reviewers. It's advisable to be patient, as the process may take some time. Engaging with the Wayfarer community can provide additional insights into the review timeline.
Can I use Wayfarer in multiple Niantic games with the same account?
Yes, a single Niantic account can be used to access Wayfarer for multiple supported games, including Pokémon GO, Ingress, and Harry Potter: Wizards Unite. This allows you to contribute to the Points of Interest database across different gaming experiences.
Is there a limit to the number of locations I can suggest or review in Wayfarer?
While there is no specific limit mentioned, it's important to focus on quality over quantity when suggesting or reviewing locations. Ensuring that each suggestion meets the criteria for valid Points of Interest is key to being a responsible and effective Wayfinder.
Can I appeal if one of my suggested locations is rejected?
As of the latest information available, Niantic does not have an official appeals process for rejected suggestions. However, you can learn from the feedback provided by reviewers and use it to improve your future submissions.
How can I report a location that is inaccurately represented in the game?
If you come across a location in the game that you believe has been inaccurately represented, you can report it through the respective game's support channels. Provide as much detail as possible to help the support team address the issue.


TPLF Included Ras Dashen Mountain into Tigray State - TPLF later 'apologized'
Dedebit Steals Ras Dashen Mountain - TPLF 'apologized'
ተራራም ይሰረቃል???
It can only happen in the present day Ethiopia. The ultra-shameless Tigray liberation fighters who are ruling the country tried to incorporate the World Heritage Semien Mountains National Park with its tallest peak Ras Dashen in the Amhara Highlands to their future Greater Tigray Republic.
The sixth grade English language textbook had placed Ethiopia's highest mountain, Ras Dashen, in Tigray Regional State instead of the Amhara Regional State, TPLF's state-owned television quotes an unidentified ministry official as saying.
The official added that a map in a tenth grade textbook on nationality and ethics failed to show the correct location of regional states (pictured amber color), the report added.
The sixth grade text book was published in 2004 and the tenth grade book in 2010.
It is not clear however if the books will be withdrawn.
It is unclear why the TPLF officials who used to live in the cages of the Dedebit mountain have made the apology now, but recently Amhara and Oromo regions have been rocked by deadly protests against the Tigray liberator government.
Opposition activists dismiss the TPLF apology saying the alterations were deliberate and a continued attempt by the ruling coalition to distort the country's history.
The admission comes at a time when the country is facing a wave of protests over boundary disputes in the Oromia and Amhara states, which are the two largest in the country.
In July, protests erupted in the north-west over the failure by the Dedebits to move an administrative district from Tigray to Amhara state.
Human rights groups say more than 500 people have so far died since protests began last November.
Ras Dashen mountain rises to 4,533 meters and the tallest in Ethiopia. It forms the tip of the Semien Mountain.
The country has more mountains than any other country in Africa. However, it doesn't have the continent's highest mountain. With 5895 meters, Kilimanjaro in Tanzania is the highest mountain in Africa.


text:
Himalaya Diwas is observed annually on September 9 in the state of Uttarakhand to create awareness about the importance of conservation of Himalayan ecosystem and region. It was officially declared as Himalaya Day in 2015 by the state government.
The theme for this year?s Himalaya Diwas is ?Contribution of Himalayas and our responsibilities?. The National Mission for Clean Ganga and Naula Foundation jointly organized the event as part of the ongoing celebration of ?Azadi ka Amrit Mahotsav?. It highlighted the importance of Himalayan ecosystem and the human-interventions required to conserve the same.


Sign up ×
What is the best way to determine if a variable in bash is empty ("")?
I have heard that it is recommended that I do if [ "x$variable" = "x" ]
Is that the correct way? (there must be something more straightforward)
share|improve this question
12 Answers 12
up vote 387 down vote accepted
This will return true if a variable is unset or set to the empty string ("").
if [ -z "$VAR" ];
share|improve this answer
Does that include if a variable IS SET to a value of ""? – Brent May 12 '09 at 18:25
Yes it does... "-z" tests for a zero-length string. – David Z May 13 '09 at 2:40
if [! -z "$VAR" ]; – Aaron Copley Jul 22 '13 at 17:26
the inverse of -z is -n if [ -n "$VAR" ]; – Felipe Alvarez Oct 9 '13 at 5:59
The double quotes ensure that the variable doesn't get split. A simple $var on a command line will be split by its whitespace into a list of parameters, while "$var" will always be only one parameter. Quoting variables often is a good practice and stops you from tripping up on filenames containing whitespace (among other things). Example: after doing a="x --help", try cat $a - it will give you the help page for cat. Then try cat "$a" - it will (usually) say cat: x --help: No such file or directory. In short, quote early and quote often and you will almost never regret it. – Score_Under Jul 15 '14 at 13:40
In Bash, when you're not concerned with portability to shells that don't support it, you should always use the double-bracket syntax:
Any of the following:
if [[ -z $variable ]]
if [[ -z "$variable" ]]
if [[! $variable ]]
if [[! "$variable" ]]
In Bash, using double square brackets, the quotes aren't necessary. You can simplify the test for a variable that does contain a value to:
if [[ $variable ]]
This syntax is compatible with ksh (at least ksh93, anyway). It does not work in pure POSIX or older Bourne shells such as sh or dash.
See my answer here and BashFAQ/031 for more information about the differences between double and single square brackets.
You can test to see if a variable is specifically unset (as distinct from an empty string):
if [[ -z ${variable+x} ]]
where the "x" is arbitrary.
If you want to know whether a variable is null but not unset:
if [[ -z $variable && ${variable+x} ]]
share|improve this answer
That if [[ $variable ]] worked fine for me, and didn't even need the set -u that was required by one of the other proposed solutions. – Teemu Leisti Sep 14 '12 at 15:14
I think this is better than the accepted answer. – qed Apr 5 '13 at 10:00
Why are you recommending a non-portable feature when doing so gives no benefit? – Alastair Irvine Nov 24 '14 at 8:16
_USER_: I mention portability in the first sentence of my answer, the question title and body contain the word "Bash" and the question is tagged bash, and the double bracket structure provides clear advantages in many ways. And I don't recommend mixing bracket styles for reasons of consistency and maintainability. If you need maximum, lowest common denominator portability, use sh instead of Bash. If you need the increased capabilities that it provides, use Bash and use it fully. – Dennis Williamson Nov 24 '14 at 13:59
You should add if! [[ $variable ]] and if! [[ "$variable" ]] to be complete. – BinaryZebra Sep 1 at 21:12
A variable in bash (and any POSIX-compatible shell) can be in one of three states:
 - unset
 - set to the empty string
 - set to a non-empty string
Most of the time you only need to know if a variable is set to a non-empty string, but occasionally it's important to distinguish between unset and set to the empty string.
The following are examples of how you can test the various possibilities, and it works in bash or any POSIX-compatible shell:
if [ -z "${VAR}" ]; then
 echo "VAR is unset or set to the empty string"
if [ -z "${VAR+set}" ]; then
 echo "VAR is unset"
if [ -z "${VAR-unset}" ]; then
 echo "VAR is set to the empty string"
if [ -n "${VAR}" ]; then
 echo "VAR is set to a non-empty string"
if [ -n "${VAR+set}" ]; then
 echo "VAR is set, possibly to the empty string"
if [ -n "${VAR-unset}" ]; then
 echo "VAR is either unset or set to a non-empty string"
Here is the same thing but in handy table form:
 VAR is: | unset | empty | non-empty |
| [ -z "${VAR}" ] | true | true | false |
| [ -z "${VAR+set}" ] | true | false | false |
| [ -z "${VAR-unset}" ] | false | true | false |
| [ -n "${VAR}" ] | false | false | true |
| [ -n "${VAR+set}" ] | false | true | true |
| [ -n "${VAR-unset}" ] | true | false | true |
The ${VAR+foo} construct expands to the empty string if VAR is unset or to foo if VAR is set to anything (including the empty string).
The ${VAR-foo} construct expands to the value of VAR if set (including set to the empty string) and foo if unset. This is useful for providing user-overridable defaults (e.g., ${COLOR-red} says to use red unless the variable COLOR has been set to something).
The reason why [ x"${VAR}" = x ] is often recommended for testing whether a variable is either unset or set to the empty string is because some implementations of the [ command (also known as test) are buggy. If VAR is set to something like -n, then some implementations will do the wrong thing when given [ "${VAR}" = "" ] because the first argument to [ is erroneously interpreted as the -n operator, not a string.
share|improve this answer
Testing for a variable set to the empty string can also be done using [ -z "${VAR-set}" ]. – nwellnhof May 17 '13 at 17:56
_USER_: Thanks! I updated my answer to use the briefer syntax. – Richard Hansen May 18 '13 at 18:00
What is the difference between the first and last construct? They both correspond to "VAR is either unset or set to a non-empty string". – Faheem Mitha Jul 22 '13 at 8:53
_USER_: The difference is "empty string" vs. "non-empty string". – Richard Hansen Jul 22 '13 at 16:51
_USER_: Thanks, that's a useful addition. – Faheem Mitha Jul 22 '13 at 17:18
If you're interested in distinguishing the cases of set-empty versus unset status, look at the -u option for bash:
$ set -u
$ echo $BAR
bash: BAR: unbound variable
$ [ -z "$BAR" ] && echo true
bash: BAR: unbound variable
$ BAR=""
$ echo $BAR
share|improve this answer
-z is a the best way.
Another options I've used is to set a variable, but it can be overridden by another variable eg
export PORT=${MY_PORT:-5432}
If the $MY_PORT variable is empty, then PORT gets set to 5432, otherwise PORT is set to the value of MY_PORT. Note the syntax include the colon and dash.
share|improve this answer
Accidentally found this today, and it was exactly what I wanted. Thanks! I have to tolerate set -o nounset in some scripts. – opello Feb 16 '12 at 23:58
An alternate I've seen to [ -z "$foo" ] is the following, however I'm not sure why people use this method, anyone know?
[ "x${foo}" = "x" ]
Anyway if you're disallowing unset variables (either by set -u or set -o nounset), then you'll run into trouble with both of those methods. There's a simple fix to this:
[ -z "${foo:-}" ]
Note: this will leave your variable undef.
share|improve this answer
There's a comment about the alternative to -z at Basically, it isn't meant to be an alternative to -z. Rather, it handles cases where $foo could expand to something beginning with a metacharacter that [ or test would be confused by. Putting an arbitrary non-metacharacter at the beginning eliminates that possibility. – James Sneeringer Dec 9 '11 at 19


_MultipartMessageStructure represents the message structure of a multipart/* message.
Method __init__
Method encode Encode each sub-message and added the additional multipart fields.
Method _getParts Return an iterator over all of the sub-messages of this message.
Method _extended The extension data of a multipart body part are in the following order:
Inherited from _MessageStructure:
Method _disposition Parse a Content-Disposition header into a two-sequence of the disposition and a flattened list of its parameters.
Method _unquotedAttrs
def __init__(self, message, subtype, attrs): (source)
ParametersmessageAn IMessagePart provider which this structure object reports on.
subtypeA str giving the MIME subtype of the message (for example, "plain").
attrsA dict giving the parameters of the Content-Type header of the message.
def _getParts(self): (source)
Return an iterator over all of the sub-messages of this message.
def encode(self, extended): (source)
Encode each sub-message and added the additional multipart fields.
def _extended(self): (source)
The extension data of a multipart body part are in the following order:
 1. body parameter parenthesized list A parenthesized list of attribute/value pairs [e.g., ("foo" "bar" "baz" "rag") where "bar" is the value of "foo", and "rag" is the value of "baz"] as defined in [MIME-IMB].
 2. body disposition A parenthesized list, consisting of a disposition type string, followed by a parenthesized list of disposition attribute/value pairs as defined in [DISPOSITION].
 3. body language A string or parenthesized list giving the body language value as defined in [LANGUAGE-TAGS].
 4. body location A string list giving the body content URI as defined in [LOCATION].
API Documentation for Twisted, generated by pydoctor at 2018-10-15 19:29:43.


WindowsSubstitution Logical Evaluation Rule
WindowsSubstitution is a logical evaluation rule (i.e. Rule[LogicalPlan]) that the logical query plan analyzer uses to resolve (aka substitute) WithWindowDefinition unary logical operators with UnresolvedWindowExpression to their corresponding WindowExpression with resolved WindowSpecDefinition.
WindowsSubstitution is part of Substitution fixed-point batch of rules.
Note
It appears that WindowsSubstitution is exclusively used for pure SQL queries because WithWindowDefinition unary logical operator is created exclusively when AstBuilder parses window definitions.
If a window specification is not found, WindowsSubstitution fails analysis with the following error:
Window specification [windowName] is not defined in the WINDOW clause.
Note
The analysis failure is unlikely to happen given AstBuilder builds a lookup table of all the named window specifications defined in a SQL text and reports a ParseException when a WindowSpecReference is not available earlier.
For every WithWindowDefinition, WindowsSubstitution takes the child logical plan and transforms its UnresolvedWindowExpression expressions to be a WindowExpression with a window specification from the WINDOW clause (see WithWindowDefinition Example).
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text:
Summary: Under certain conditions a user who accesses a workbook as a Guest user can view data as the publisher of the data.
Vulnerable Versions: Tableau Server 9.0.0 (through 9.0.2)
Conditions: The issue affects Tableau Server when all of the following conditions are true:
- A user has viewed a workbook that includes embedded credentials for the data source.
- The user who published the workbook has permission to view the data.
- The workbook includes user filters or calculations.
- The Guest user is enabled.
Impact: A user who accesses the workbook on Tableau Server as a Guest user can potentially see data that should not be visible to that user.
Resolution: The issue can be fixed by upgrading to the following Tableau Server versions:
Tableau Server 9.0.3
Work around: In the meantime, disable Guest access.
- CVSS v2.0 Base Score: 4.3
- CVSS v2.0 Vector: AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:N/A:NFor more information about vectors, see CVSS v2 Vector Definitions on the National Vulnerability Database site.


text:
Costs for ARV Roadway (Preliminary)
A preliminary cost model has been developed for at-grade roadway suitable for a small Automated Road Vehicle (ARV), in particular the Automated Microbus. The model gives a total roadway cost of $1,100,000 per two-way mile (1.6 km).
The cost model, shown in the table below, uses data from a recently published report on bicycle path costs and benefits. It's assumed that a concrete bike path is also suitable for a small ARV. The Gross Vehicle Weight of an Automated Microbus is estimated to be 3,600 lbs (1640 kg). The bike path data includes unit costs for fencing, but other sources are used for guard rails and magnetic markers for the vehicle's control system.
The model in the bicycle path cost report is available online. It wasn't used directly, but its default values for pavement thickness and other parameters for a concrete, off-street bicycle trail were used in the ARV roadway model.
The $1.1M ARV roadway cost is an average value for the entire United States. The bicycle study also has a cost factor for each of the lower 48 U.S. states, as well as for a few U.S. metropolitan areas. They are on page 20 of the report. These factors range from 0.90 to 1.40, and they could be used to adjust ARV roadway cost for location.
Other ARV cost models will be added later for bridges, underpasses, stations, intersections, and vehicles.
Cost Per Mile (1.6 km) of Two-Way Automated Microbus Roadway in 2006 Dollars
1. "Guidelines for Analysis of Investments in Bicycle Facilities", NCHRP Project 7-14, Final Report, August 2005, pp. 11-32. This is an extremely detailed and comprehensive study that was used as the basis for most unit costs and contingency factors. To be conservative, fence costs were taken unchanged from the report, even though the report assumed a 6 ft (1.8 m) fence, while the Microbus fence would be about 4 ft (1.2 m) high. The Project Contingency value of 20% was based on the analysis on page 31 of the report, although other values could also be justified.
2. "The Safety and Cost-Effectiveness of Bridge-Approach Guardrail for County State-Aid (CSAH) Bridges in Minnesota", October 2005, p. 51. A unit cost range of $12-$15/ft in 2004 dollars is listed. The midpoint of the range was used, and the value was converted to 2002 dollars using the Producer Price Index for Highway and Street Construction (see Reference 4, below). To be conservative, the nationwide guardrail cost was not adjusted downward to reflect higher costs in Minnesota. A standard guardrail is assumed even though the Automated Microbus would be much lighter and slower than many vehicles on conventional highways, and it may be possible to get by with a less expensive guardrail. However, conventional guardrails are produced in large quantities which holds down the cost. To be conservative, no savings over conventional guardrails are assumed.
3. Yin, Y, M. A. Miller, and S. E. Shladover, "Assessment of the Applicability of Cooperative Vehicle-Highway Automation Systems to Freight Movement in Chicago", Transportation Research Board 2004 Annual Meeting CD-ROM, p. 14. The paper lists a cost of $10,000 per lane mile to install magnets in existing pavement, and $5,000 per lane mile for new construction. However, experience to date mostly involves existing construction. To be conservative, possible savings from installing magnets in new construction were ignored, and the $10,000 per lane mile figure was used. No attempt was made to adjust this number for inflation before combining it with other costs in 2002 dollars.
4. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Producer Price Index for Highway and Street Construction. The Series ID is the following 15-character string: PCUBHWY--BHWY--. The annual values used were 133.7 (2002), 148.2 (2004), and 166.8 (2005). Costs were first brought forward to 2005 by multiplying by (166.8/133.7). It was then assumed that costs would increase from 2005 to 2006 by the same percentage as from 2004 to 2005. Considering the sharp increase in costs in the last year or two, this seemed more accurate than extrapolating a longer time series. The total adjustment from 2002 to 2006 was (166.8/133.7)*(166.8/148.2) = 1.404.


text: After the continuously welded rail (CWR) is laid on the bridge, relative displacements between beam and track under the action of temperature, creep, vertical live load, and braking force will occur. Due to the constraint between beam and track, the longitudinal forces are generated in the track, beam, and pier. This paper aims to compare the differences in rack-beam interaction between the Japanese code, the Eurocode and the Chinese code. Particularly the distinctions in track resistance models, braking forces, temperature loads, and vertical live loads. For example, the Chinese code and Eurocode use a nonlinear resistance model, but the Japanese code uses a constant resistance model. A representative bridge example is used to demonstrate the differences, where the finite element analysis is adopted. In the finite element analysis, nonlinear bars or constant bars are used to simulate the track resistance, beam elements with rigid links are used to simulate the bridge, and the mechanical model for the ballasted track was is established. Continuous simply- supported beam is assumed in the analysis. Based on the calculation results, it is found that the additional longitudinal stress, the relative displacement, and the reaction force caused by the temperature, vertical live loads, and braking force are higher as calculated by the Eurocode compared to the Chinese code and the Japanese code.


12 Tips for Making Sifteo Games
posted by scott, 08 Jan 2013
Sifteo cubes give developers an exciting opportunity to design new types of games. Forget traditional screens and controllers. Sifteo cubes are small magic blocks, each of which has a screen. You play by manipulating the cubes themselves, as you would play with board game pieces or building blocks.
Like the Nintendo Wii and iOS devices, Sifteo Cubes are intuitive and easy to use, which means people of all ages are attracted to playing with them.
Because Sifteo Cubes are so different from other gaming platforms, it can be challenging to design games for them. Just as Nintendo Wii made us think about moving our arms, and iOS devices made us think about swiping and pinching, so Sifteo Cubes have their own idiosyncratic language of gestural controls. And because Sifteo Cubes are not one device but several, you must think about games with multiple movable screens. You have no choice but to innovate.
To give you a head start designing games for Cubes, here are twelve guidelines that we use here at Sifteo for generating and evaluating game ideas. Keep these in mind as you develop your game.
First, here are the essential requirements that we look for in every Sifteo game.
1. Sifteonic
Your game should fit the unique capabilities of Sifteo Cubes like a glove, creating a magical experience that would be hard to reproduce on another platform. We call this quality "Sifteonic." For instance, players find it magical when characters walk from one cube to another in Sandwich Kingdom, or when putting cubes together causes colored dots to explode in Chroma Splash.
To make sure your game is Sifteonic: use large, simple graphics (we only support simple 2d graphics) keep text short have cubes interact with each other use cube gestures like neighbor, tilt, and press as the way you play the game Sifteo technology supports only a small amount of tile-based 2-dimensional art, plus up to 8 sprites per cube, so avoid 3d graphics and large amounts of art
Here's a video that highlights the unique things that Cubes can do.
Here's a rundown of all the features that together make a game Sifteonic.
Physical: Slide, stack. Use the cubes for their size, weight, and physical properties.
Multiple screens: We have multiple screens, so each cube can be a single object.
Neighboring: Actions triggered when two cubes are neighbored.
Configuration: The configuration of all the neighbored cubes matters.
Rotatable: Cubes are directionless — any of the four sides can be up.
Gesture: Cubes have accelerometers that can detect orientation and gesture.
Touch: Detect pressing the screen as one big button.
Networked: Communication between cubes allows coordinated visual displays.
2. Intelligent Play
Your game should make players feel smart. Parents should feel good about their kids playing it. Sifteo game are NOT educational software, but they should clearly exercise such cognitive skills as pattern recognition, strategic planning, problem solving and creativity.
At one end of the intelligent play spectrum, the action game Bleep requires only simple recognition of colors and patterns. At the other end of the spectrum, the puzzle games Chroma Splash and Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles require deep problem solving skills.
3. Multi-cube
Sifteo Cubes sets come with a minimum of 3 cubes, so all Sifteo games must be playable with 3 cubes. At the same time every set can handle up to 12 cubes, so all Sifteo games should get even better with more cubes (yes, we want people to buy more cubes). Most games we have published are playable with up to 6 cubes; some work with as many as 8 or 12 cubes.
Sandwich Kingdom works naturally with many cubes
Sometimes crafting a game for different numbers of cubes is easy; sometimes it takes considerable extra work. For instance: - In Chroma Splash, the randomly generated Survival Mode expands naturally to any number of cubes, and the game is easier to play with more cubes. - In Chroma Splash's Puzzle mode, puzzles are carefully crafted for specific numbers of cubes; 40 puzzles are crafted for 3 cubes, 15 for 4 cubes, 15 for 5 cubes, and 10 for 6 cubes. - In Sandwich Kingdom cubes act as windows into a larger world — the game works naturally with any number of cubes, and tends to get easier with more cubes.
Prototyping a game with Post-Its
4. Fun
Of course your game must be fun to play. Two suggestions: tap into your passions for what is fun, and test your game early and often (square Post-Its are great for paper prototypes) on other players to make sure other people find it fun too. Since Sifteo Cubes are halfway between traditional video games and physical toys, we often look to board games, books and toys for inspiration.
5. Rated E for Everyone
Sifteo only publishes games rated E for Everyone. Like Pixar movies, our games must appeal widely to all ages, including kids as young as 7. But that does not mean our games should be childish or unsophisticated. Aim instead to create universal games that appeal to the pure intelligence in all of us. As Walt Disney said: "You're dead if you aim only for kids. Adults are only kids grown up, anyway."
Some games work naturally for all ages, while others require special modes aimed at different age ranges. For instance, the abstract puzzle game Chroma Splash works naturally for all ages. The math game Code Cracker includes different difficulty levels aimed at different ages — Beginner features just plus and minus, Intermediate also includes multiplication, and Expert also includes division and fractions. Word Caravan cleverly skirts the issue of different versions for different ages by including a hint mechanism that allows young readers to make words even if they can't spell.
Desirable Characteristics
Next, here are characteristics that are desirable in all games, and how they play out on Sifteo Cubes.
6. Easy to learn
With small screens and little room for spoken audio, Sifteo games must be easy to learn. I recommend you integrate instruction into gameplay, so the players learn by playing, not by reading pages of instruction. Simple games like Bleep explained the rules during the course of gameplay. More complex games like Cube Buddies and Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles Ninja Slide unfold the rules gradually over the course of many chapters.
Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles Ninja Slide begins with a series of lessons in the Dojo
7. Replayable
The flip side of "easy to learn" is "hard to master". There are three ways to make the player want to play again.
 1. Games with authored levels (like Cube Buddies) challenge players to conquer a series of increasingly difficult puzzles.
 2. Games with randomly generated content challenge players to achieve higher and higher scores.
 3. Finally, multiplayer games invite players to keep coming back because the human element makes each play session a unique experience.
Chapters in Cube Buddies get increasingly difficult.
8. Marketable
For a game to be successful, people must hear about it. Can you pitch your game in 10 words or less? Can you give your game a name that draws people in? What character, action or thematic element will give your game a memorable identity? The most powerful form of marketing is word of mouth; what will players of your game tell their friends about your game?
Optional Characteristsics
Finally, here are some optional characteristics for you to consider including in your game.
9. Original
A Sifteo game does not have to be original to be successful, but since we are just starting to explore the range of games possible with Sifteo Cubes, we certainly value games that strike out in new directions.
Johann Sebastian Joust, by Die Gute Fabrik, for Sony Move
For instance, our initial suite of launch games focused on thoughtful single-player puzzle games where the cubes lie flat on the table. So we're now exploring fast-action multi-player games where the cubes sometimes leave the table, working with such developers as Die Gute Fabrik, makers of the wildly innovative game Johann Sebastian Joust. Other types of games we'd like to explore include games for girls, early learning preschool games, open-ended constructive games, and games that tell stories.
10. Multiplayer
Some of our games are single-player, some are multiplayer, some are both. Generally we prefer multiplayer. Our launch games are single-player, though they easily accommodate extra players who want to join in cooperative play. Many of our games in development are specifically designed for 2 to 4 players. Multiplayer games can be deliberate turn-taking games like the forthcoming battle game from Richard Garfield, or fast-paced free-for-alls, like Bleep, where everyone plays simultaneously.
Miami Heist uses uses Cubes as game board pieces
Besides thinking about other players, think about using other objects in the environment as part of the game. For instance, the student-produced game Miami Heist used Sifteo Cubes as playing pieces on a game board that looked like city blocks. You can also make games that dangle the blocks on strings, or slide them down ramps.
11. Episodic
To extend the lifetime of our games, we are creating small episodic sequels, where each new episode sells for just a few dollars. For instance, the first follow-up episode of our launch game Sandwich Kingdom is called


text:
for National Geographic News
The U.S. Department of Interior has designated Nebraska's Ashfall Fossil Beds as a national natural landmark, the first such landmark to be designated in almost two decades.
The site, near the town of Neligh (see Nebraska map), is home to hundreds of skeletons of extinct rhinos, camels, three-toed horses, and other vertebrates that were killed and buried by ash from a huge volcanic eruption some 12 million years ago.
It is the only place on Earth where large numbers of fossil mammals have been found as whole, three-dimensionally preserved skeletons.
"Ashfall has tremendous value for science and education and great inspirational value," said Margi Brooks, the National Natural Landmark (NNL) Program manager, who is based in Tucson, Arizona.
"It clearly qualifies as a natural landmark."
The Ashfall Fossil Beds were uncovered in the early 1970s by Mike Voorhies, the current curator of paleontology at the University of Nebraska State Museum in Lincoln.
In 1971 he found a skull of a rhino calf protruding from an eroding ravine. The skull turned out to be part of a complete skeleton embedded in volcanic ash.
Voorhies led excavations of the site in 1978 and 1979, supported by a grant from the National Geographic Society's Committee for Research and Exploration. (National Geographic News is part of the National Geographic Society.)
About 12 million years ago, a volcano in modern-day Idaho spread a blanket of ash over large parts of what is now the midwestern United States. A layer of this powdered glass one or two feet (oneto two-thirds of a meter) thick covered the grasslands of northeastern Nebraska.
Most of the animals living in the area survived the actual ashfall, but as they continued to graze on the ash-covered grasses, their lungs began to fill with the deadly particles.
(See related news photo: "Peru Volcano Spews Deadly Ash")
SOURCES AND RELATED WEB SITES


text:
Static and dynamic bulge testing
Static and dynamic bulge test facilities are available, allowing the characterisation of sheet metals under quasi-biaxial tension. Bulge tests are highly valuable for forming, because both high deformations are achieved and the deformation mode is very relevant for deep drawing processes. Together with the already available static and dynamic methodologies for tensile, compression, torsion, in-plane shear and plane strain testing, the bulge setups enable a full identification of the formability of sheet metals. Moreover, the outcome allows the validation of the FLD Tool.
During a bulge test, a circular metal sheet sample is subjected to a hydrostatic pressure by a liquid. In the dynamic setup, the liquid is pressurised by a piston moving at a high and adjustable speed, resulting in high strain rates in the sample. The deformation of the sample is monitored by static or high speed cameras. The dynamic bulge test setup was developed in-house and combines basic features of split Hopkinson compression bar and static bulge tests.


text:
Georesources Management (B.Sc.)Copyright: IML RWTH Aachen
The geoscientific course of study "Georesources Management" provides beside scientific basics (mathematics, physics, chemistry), space-time connections of complex systems. It offers a unique feature with interdisciplinary training in economics and law. The course of study originates in geology and mineralogy and deals with resources and complex processes of the earth. Besides the sphere of activity, the course of study can be distinguished from "Applied Geography" by specific geoscientific content. On the contrary, the geoscientific content is even more distinct in the degree course "Applied Earth Sciences". The Masterīs degree programs "Georesource Management", "Applied Earth Sciences" and "Applied Geophysics" are non-consecutive courses in a bachelorīs degree in applied Earth Sciences or Georesource Management.


text:
What you'll learn about
- How to make over a dozen delicious dishes using only a single pot, featuring beef, fish, chicken and vegetarian recipes from around the world
- Two demonstration sessions, showing how dishes are prepared from scratch, with overhead mirrors and two monitors showing close-up handiwork. Teachers share a wealth of knowledge through their expert tips and techniques. Students can ask questions and have the opportunity to taste the dishes prepared at the end of the sessions
Good to know
- Lunch is included; eat alongside fellow students.
- A pack of the recipes will be provided for your ongoing reference
- Our Shop will be open for further inspiration: cookery books, equipment and select ingredients
- There's plenty to do and explore in the area
Terms and Conditions
All bookings for a course or event at Ballymaloe Cookery School are subject to our standard Terms and Conditions.


Explore the moo:
Welcome to: Cosmic rage!
By Nathan Tech!
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activity help: Drama Shows
Have you ever wanted to perform on Cosmic Rage? Well now you can with theaters!
Theaters are a great way for you to express yourself in a cool and creative way!
Now lets get started!
In acting everything is done from an actors point of view so the directions are going to be a little different than your normal north, south directions.
Here are the most common stage directions.
Stage left: The actors left if facing the audience.
Stage right: The actors right when facing the audience.
Down stage: Moving towards the audience.
Up stage: Moving away from the audience
Center stage: The center of the stage
You can combine these into all sorts of different combinations for example
Down stage right: The right side closest to the audience.
The action command
The action command is used to either make a backdrop or change a light or group of lights.
Here are some examples there will also be the syntax for how you right them down.
Command: Action a spotlight lights up center stage
you see: A spotlight lights up center stage.
Command: action the scene changes to show a field with flowers and a puffy sky
you see: The scene changes to show a field with flowers and a puffy sky
Command: action a red light appears on stage left
You see: A light appears on stage left
Note: The action command is not to be used to manipulate actors on stage you should use normal emoting for that.
How would I be able to use the theater on Panaxes?
There are a lot of theaters and stages on Cosmic Rage but the most commonly used one is Panaxes.
If you would wish to use this stage in particular please send a mail to Bob gun under the mail a position holder menu.
Please include your name, the date and time for your performance, and if you need any sort of props or furniture.
Note: please feel free to bring your own furniture, costumes, and props to enhance your experience.
You can also act with your friends you don't have to be alone!
Recommended help files: aHelp Recreational Temptations
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Why not explore the moo!
Explore the moo:


Take the 2-minute tour ×
At the behest of Gerhard Paseman I'll describe the problem that I alluded to in name for a partial order.
Let $M = M(\infty)$ denote the set of all finite subsets of the positive integers $\mathbb{N}$. As I mentioned in my other question, $M$ has a partial order defined as follows: If $S \in M$ and $i \ge 1$ is an integer, denote by $S_i$ the $i$-th largest element of $S$. We say that $S \ge_R T$ if $|S| \ge |T|$ and $S_i \ge T_i$ for $i = 1, \dots, |T|$. For any finite subset $A \subset M$ define the polynomial $$ f_A(t) := \sum_{S \in A} \sum_{T \in A} t^{|S \Delta T|},$$
where $S \Delta T$ denotes the symmetric difference. If $ p \in (0,1)$ say that a finite subset $A \subset M$ is optimal at $p$ if $f_A(p) \ge f_B(p)$ for all subsets $B \subset M$ with $|B| = |A|$. Say that $A$ is optimal, if there is some $p \in (0,1)$ for which $A$ is optimal at $p$. Say that $A$ is isomorphic to $B$ if there is a permutation $\pi \in S_{\infty}$ (permutations of $\mathbb{N}$ which only move a finite set of elements) and a subset $T \in M$ such that $B = \{ \pi(S) \Delta T : S \in A \}$. It's easy to see that if $A$ is isomorphic to $B$ then $f_A(t) = f_B(t)$.
Another way of thinking of $M$ is to consider it to be infinite sequences of 0's and 1's with only a finite number of 1's (i.e. infinite bit-strings). Then cardinality becomes Hamming weight and symmetric difference becomes exclusive or. Isomorphic sets of bit-strings would be obtained from one another by permuting coordinates (every bit string in the set gets permuted in the same way), and then xoring everything with a common bit-string.
In (Gordon, Miller, Ostapenko) we proved that if $A$ is optimal then it is isomorphic to an order ideal for the order $\le_R$. For a fixed value $N$ for $|A|$ we were then able to make a search for all order ideals of size $N$, and then determine the optimal ones (for some $p$) among those. We were able to do this by looking at the subposet of $M$ of elements $S \in M$ such that $|\{ T : T \le_R S \}| \le N$. In particular we were interested in optimal sets whose cardinality is a power of 2. The search for cardinality 64 took about 1/2 hour. Unless we have a new idea the search for $N=128$ is out of the question. For $N=64$ there are _PHONE_ order ideals of cardinality 64, but less than 100 of them are optimal. Thus I was hoping that if there are theorems around about the structure of the order ideals of $M(\infty)$ that that might help us to make a more efficient search. In the previous question, Richard Stanley pointed out that the partial order that I was using had been studied before in one of his papers.
share|improve this question
Thank you for showing this problem. I assume in the definition of A isomorphic to B you want B= instead of A=. Also, I apologize for an earlier error. The partial order I and Libor Polak used involved multisets, not sets, of the positive integers. I shall contemplate upon this problem. Gerhard "Ask Me About System Design" Paseman, 2011.08.11 – Gerhard Paseman Aug 11 '11 at 19:03
Also, it is easy for me to get confused. A in M suggests that A is a set of numbers. A finite set A from M is a finite subset of M. By a finite set A in M I am guessing you mean the latter, but I would expect A subset M instead of what you have, which is A in M. Can I consider it a typo, and mentally substitue the subset symbol for the member of symbol in those places to get your meaning? Gerhard "Ask Me About System Design" Paseman, 2011.08.11 – Gerhard Paseman Aug 11 '11 at 19:11
_USER_: I fixed the typos (I think that I got all of them). One other thing: you can also define a different partial order on subsets of M: Say that $A \ge_D B$ if $f_A(t) \ge f_B(t)$ for all $t \in (0,1)$ (the $D$ is for dominates). It's necessary (but not sufficient) for $A$ to be maximal in this partial order (at least restricted to sets of cardinality $|A|$) in order for it to be optimal. I found empirically that almost all of the maximal sets for $N=64$ were optimal. – Victor Miller Aug 11 '11 at 22:36
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text:
Romans go drinking
This Roman pot was made in Highgate Wood, close to Muswell Hill. The potter may have intended its shiny finish to look like pewter. The Romans would have used the vessel for drinking wine or beer. It was made between ad 70 and 160.
How was the beaker made?
Clay was dug out of the ground around Highgate Wood. The potters removed any stones or roots before 'throwing' the pot on a fast-turning wheel. They then dipped the beaker in liquid clay or'slip', so that it would have a clean, glossy surface. They used a comb to apply the dots, then fired the pot in a kiln heated with wood or charcoal.
Roman potters of Highgate Wood
Local potters seem to have had years of experience making pots - long before the Roman invasion of ad 43. As Roman London grew, they saw a business opportunity supplying jars, bowls and beakers to the Romans.
Archaeologists discovered at least ten kilns in Highgate Wood during the 1960s and 1970s. You can't see the kilns now, but the Information Centre in Highgate Wood has information about the Romans and the local environment.
Find out more about the Highgate Wood Information Centre
Museum number 3097


PS3 power requested for research project
Sony invites PlayStation 3 owners to loan their machines' processing power to Stanford study of protein chemistry. Images: Harnessing PS3 power for Folding@home
If you bought a PlayStation 3 thinking it was just for games or watching movies, Sony wants you to know you can use the powerful device for something a lot more important.
Sony announced on Thursday that owners of any Internet-connected PS3 will be able to participate in a wide-ranging, distributed, scientific experiment led by Stanford University's Folding@home program, which is seeking to better understand a process called protein folding and its relationship to several serious diseases.
According to a release from Sony, the Stanford program is focusing on how two-dimensional protein strands in the human body fold into the three-dimensional molecules that determine their biological functions, and why incorrect folding can lead to debilitating diseases such as cancer, Parkinson's and Alzheimer's.
But studying the folding process is an extremely complex task requiring vast amounts of computing power, Sony said in its release. Hence the PS3/Folding@home initiative. PS3 participants will be able to lend their console's massive processing power to the effort, much as PC users are able to assist in the SETI@Home project, which is seeking to identify extraterrestrial life.
PS3 users are expected to be able to start lending their machines to the project on March 23, accessing Folding@home via the PS3's XrossMediaBar, the console's interactive menu system. Once participating machines are connected to the project and idle, Folding@home will tap the devices' unused processing power. Users will be able to watch the scientific simulations in real time, Sony said, as well as interact with the research by manipulating protein strands.
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