MedCo2: Privacy-Preserving Cohort Exploration and Analysis
David Froelicher, Mickaël Misbach, Juan R Troncoso-Pastoriza, Jean Louis Raisaro, Jean-Pierre Hubaux
2020 Studies in Health Technology and Informatics
Medical studies are usually time consuming, cumbersome and extremely costly to perform, and for exploratory research, their results are also difficult to predict a priori. This is particularly the case for rare diseases, for which finding enough patients is difficult and usually requires an international-scale research. In this case, the process can be even more difficult due to the heterogeneity of data-protection regulations, making the data sharing process particularly hard. In this short
more » ... er, we propose MedCo2 (pronounced MedCo square), a distributed system that streamlines the process of a medical study by bridging and enabling both data discovery and data analysis among multiple databases, while protecting data confidentiality and patients' privacy. MedCo2 relies on interactive protocols, homomorphic encryption and differential privacy. It enables the privacy-preserving computations of multiple statistics such as cosine similarity and variance, and the training of machine learning models, on patients that are obliviously selected according to specific criteria among multiple databases.
doi:10.3233/shti200174 pmid:32570398 fatcat:fylxfnhvn5agrapp7ymv7ngahy


The ACME Database
In this Lesson
You will
 - Learn about the ACME database that will be used in future lessons
 - Create a Soiree connection to the ACME database
 - Create a DBeaver connection to the ACME database
Concepts
The ACME database is a separate database designed to serve a single tenant – the ACME Party Planning Agency. It contains a single table named PartyTheme which is defined as follows:
Any Database
The ACME database could exist in any one of the 6 database servers supported by Soiree. We are using Derby simply as a matter of convenience since the Derby database server is already set up. The information could also be stored in a spreadsheet or text file instead of a database – those would be a sad approach but they would work.
When an ACME customer is adding a party to the DEMO.Party table the solution will be required to capture a party theme and store it in this table.
Create a database connection
In this exercise you will create a Soiree database connection for the ACME database.
 1. Select the com.example.party.connection package and then open the Database Connection Wizard.
 2. Create a connection named Acme as shown here
 3. Configure the connection as follows
 4. Save the item
 5. Test the connection
Configure DBeaver
In this exercise you will configure DBeaver to access the ACME database.
 1. In Eclipse, switch to the DBeaver perspective
 2. Select the New Connection button
 3. Select Derby … Server
 4. Enter the connection settings
 Database: acme
 User name: PROD
 Password: acme
 5. Test the connection
 6. Keep pressing Next or Finish until the connection wizard closes.
 7. Right click on the acme connection and select SQL Editor
 8. Enter the following SQL statement and then run the script
 select * from PartyTheme
 The query result will return zero rows
You are now ready to use the ACME database.


text:
"The Fox and the Grapes" High Chest of DrawersMade in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States, North and Central America
Artist/maker unknown, American
Mahogany, yellow poplar, white cedar, yellow pine; brass
1957-129-1Gift of Mrs. Henry V. Greenough, 1957
LabelFor fashionable eighteenth-century Philadelphians, high chests and dressing tables represented the pinnacle of design, cabinetmaking, and carving in bedchamber furniture. This massive high chest was conceived with a smaller dressing table (Philadelphia Museum of Art, 2012-59-1). On its central drawer a composition borrowed from a 1761 publication by English carver Thomas Johnson depicts the moment of truth from Aesop's well-known fable "The Fox and the Grapes": a proud and skillful fox who cannot reach a bunch of succulent grapes decries them as sour and not desirable after all. The tale warns against the ills of greed and vanity, an ironic scene on this bold emblem of opulence. It is believed that this high chest, made in Philadelphia between 1765 and 1775 went through the process of confiscation and sale that occurred after the British left Philadelphia in May 1778. During this time entire contents of households still refusing to pledge allegiance to the cause for American independence could be confiscated and sold for the benefit of the Continental Army. The name "James Milligan" across the backboards refers to the Philadelphia city official James Milligan, who served in several treasury-related roles in the patriot government during this period and likely had a hand in this process. His name is written first in pen with the date 1783 and then again in chalk with the date 1784.
* Works in the collection are moved off view for many different reasons. Although gallery locations on the website are updated regularly, there is no guarantee that this object will be on display on the day of your visit.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
The sentence is a bit complicated because it part of a dialogue, and Gargamel is not saying some words which are only implicit:
- Gargamel! Lâche mon robot! (Gargamel! Let go of my robot!)
- [Oui, Gargamel] lui-même, pauvres naïfs! (Yes, Gargamel himself! Poor gullible fools!)
What Gargamel is replying is first that yes, it's Gargamel himself ("lui-même") who is speaking. He is following up on the sentence of the first Smurf, who just noticed Gargamel and cried his name in shock.
Then he is calling the Smurfs "pauvres naïfs". I assume he is speaking to several Smurfs (perhaps including the robot in his hand?), otherwise it would not make sense to have a plural here.
Here, both "pauvre" (poor) and "naïf" (gullible) are adjectives; but he is using the adjective "naïf" as a noun, a process called nominalization. Thus "un naïf" is, well, a person who is "naïf" = "gullible". In the same way, in French we can say "un riche" (a rich person), "un pauvre" (a poor person), or even "un Français" (a French person). So while "naïf" is originally an adjective, here, it is used as a noun. This is hard to translate in English, where such a construction is rarely possible, and you can see above that I had to apply some creative leeway – adding the word "fool".
Finally, you have the word "pauvre", "poor". It is indeed an adjective, qualifying the noun "naïf". In this context it does not mean someone who has no money, the primary meaning of "pauvre"; rather, it is used to intensify the negative "naïf". It means that the Smurfs are not only gullible, but their gullibility even inspires pity.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Three-dimensional (3-D) architectures can provide significant advantages as lithium ion microbattery electrodes by lengthening the vertical dimension. In addition, the nanoscale hierarchy and hollow properties are important factors for enhancing the performance. Here, we prepared a 3-D nickel sulfide nanoarchitecture via a facile low-temperature solution route. A Kirkendall effect-driven sulfidation of a 3-D nickel electrode was used to produce a hollow 3-D structure. Moreover, a nanoscale hierarchy can be formed with the use of highly concentrated sulfur species. The morphology, structure, and chemical composition of the 3-D nickel sulfide electrode are characterized in detail, and the formation mechanism is discussed based on a time-resolved study. The 3-D nickel sulfide electrodes show an outstanding areal capacity (1.5 mA h cm-2 at a current rate of 0.5 mA cm-2), making this electrode a potential electrode for 3-D lithium ion microbatteries with a large energy density. Moreover, this strategy is expected to provide a general fabrication method for transition metal sulfide nanoarchitectures.
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Materials Science(all)

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
Periodontal disease could decrease kidney function in African-Americans
from Dental Tribune
New research has shown that African-Americans who suffer from the severe form of periodontal disease have a more than fourfold risk of developing chronic kidney disease than those without severe periodontal disease. In the U.S. alone, 1 in 2 adults aged 30 and over have periodontal disease, with African-Americans being disproportionally affected.
7701 Las Colinas Blvd., Ste. 800, Irving, TX 75063


text:
Blackrock Metals is planning to build an iron, vanadium and titanium (VTM) mine in Chibougamau, Quebec, and plans to use green hydrogen at its metallurgical plant at the Port of Saguenay. With construction about to begin and operations expected to start in 2024, Blackrock Metals CEO Sean Cleary believes that it is very possible that green hydrogen will be integrated into the metallurgical plant from day one, depending on how the cost of this resource evolves. In this interview, he tells Energy and Mines about what led the company to develop such ambitious hydrogen plans and how exactly it will be used.
Energy and Mines: Tell us about your VTM project and how you plan to use green hydrogen.
Sean Cleary: Blackrock Metals is an integrated mining and metals project. We are building a mine in Chibougamau, Quebec, where we're also installing a concentrator to produce about 1 million tonnes of VTM concentrate per year. We will ship that by rail to our metallurgical complex, which is being built at the port of Grande-Anse in Saguenay, about 350 km from the mine. At the metallurgical plant, we will pelletize the concentrate and put it through a direct reduction (DR) plant to produce three different products: 500,000 tonnes of nodular iron per year, 120,000 tonnes of commercial titanium slag, and around 40,000 tonnes of vanadium-rich slag used to produce ferro vanadium and vanadium pentoxide — a key ingredient for the production of vanadium flow batteries.
As it is, this is already the greenest iron plant in the world, because our input of materials are very clean. We've designed a very modern upgraded DR plant using natural gas instead of coal, we recycle all of our waste gases and waste products back into the system. So we have very low emissions to begin with. However, we can do better.
The hydrogen element of the process relates to the DR plant, which has been designed by TENOVA. The plant utilizes natural gas to change the chemical composition of the iron pellets: from roughly 60% iron when they go in, they come out of the plant at about 94% iron. Part of the DR plant design is a natural gas reformer which separates the chemical components of natural gas, including methane, carbon and hydrogen. Hydrogen is the best chemical reductant for metallizing iron, but at the moment it is produced through natural gas — grey hydrogen is currently the most cost-effective. But the system is designed to be able to take green hydrogen from day one, which will be produced by electrolyzers using electricity. Our plan is to gradually ramp up the use of green hydrogen to around 70%, with 30% of natural gas. This will effectively reduce the CO2 emissions at the Blackrock project to almost zero.
E&M: Would the green hydrogen be produced on site?
SC: This has not been approved at this time, but yes, the goal would be to have the electrolyzers nearby and to produce large amounts of hydrogen. This is made possible by Hydro Quebec's green hydroelectric production, which is truly unique in the world. There are very few places in the world where you have access to large amounts of clean electricity, which makes the production of green hydrogen possible.
E&M: What are some of the key questions or concerns you needed to address in analysing the business case for green hydrogen?
SC: There are two elements to using green hydrogen that are very important: the cost of the equipment to make the hydrogen, as well as the cost to produce the units of hydrogen from electricity. Today producing green hydrogen is about 10 times more expensive than producing grey hydrogen from natural gas. This is a fundamental challenge, but it is being worked on every day. So we've built our project in such a way that, as green hydrogen drops in price over time, we can turn on more and more of it and use less and less natural gas.
The other important aspect is the selection of equipment: making sure that the system would work, being future-focused on green hydrogen. We started the design of this project with TENOVA almost five years ago with the goal of being the greenest facility. Fast forward to today and we now have a fully permitted, shovel-ready project that can take green hydrogen. There's a lot of planning and environmental approvals that go into a project like Blackrock. I would say the strategic thinking and foresight of the team was key to be able to pull off such a project.
E&M: Where is the push to deliver green products coming from and what has the feedback been like for investors on the planned use of green hydrogen?
SC: The core of our company is focused on ESG, and it has been from day one. The jurisdiction that we're in is governed by the Canadian government, the government of Quebec as well as First Nations, specifically the Cree Nation government and the Innu Nations of Mashteuiatsh, Essipit and Pessamit. We've had a strong partnership with the First Nations groups since the very first day of the project, and they view themselves as stewards of the environment, so we've had this strong focus on sustainability and respecting the land. Today, you really can't do any significant projects without having full social acceptance from communities: you don't just need them to sign off, you really need their strong endorsement. As a result of where we come from and the type of company we are, that's been a strong focus.
From just a governance perspective, we are a company that has strong government sponsorships, since we are putting some big infrastructure in place for the province. We are also backed by some large private equity groups who are very sensitive to ESG governance considerations. From the very beginning of our project, we had to make sure that we were doing things responsibly. The feedback has been resoundingly positive.
E&M: What are the next steps for this project?
SC: We're currently in discussion with a number of groups that would be interested in supplying us with green hydrogen, with the idea of forming a partnership. Right now we're at the assessment stage, entering into confidentiality agreements and sharing information so it's really an investigative step. We hope to be able to announce our selection of partners within the next six to eight months.
E&M: What would you advise other CEOs with greenfield sites currently exploring hydrogen options?
SC: I think it really depends where they are. Quebec is a great jurisdiction to have this type of project, because you have an abundance of clean hydroelectric power. If the jurisdiction is set up to provide renewable electricity for the production of green hydrogen, that creates a lot of momentum to get this type of project going. If there has to be additional government investment or private sector investment to be able to produce green energy in the first place, then it becomes a little bit more difficult. To sum it up, I would advise other CEOs who are looking into hydrogen to really analyze the electricity production of where they are located or planning on being located. That will dictate their ability to deploy hydrogen or not.
Sean Cleary is speaking at the Hydrogen and Mines Virtual Summit, Sept 8-9. Mining Weekly is pleased to be a supporter of this event. _URL_


text:
The 18th edition of the conference will gather European researchers and consultants to communicate on and discuss the latest trends and developments in organic fruit growing in the aim of improving the production system.
The conference will discuss the latest developments in the EU policy framework on agriculture and biodiversity and evaluate the progress made in the implementation of the EU's 'Action Plan for nature, people and the economy'.
This event will bring together some 5 000 people from the emerging sector of start-ups linked to agri-tech and food-tech, in the aim of promoting entrepreneurship and digital innovation in the field of technologies for the agri-food value chain.
The annual Forum for the Future of Agriculture (FFA) will provide a platform for debate on the latest trends and developments in European and world agriculture and the environment.
The event will bring together a wide range of rural experts and stakeholders to discuss how innovation can help rural areas respond to the challenges of globalisation and shifting trading patterns, and moreover, what drives rural innovation.
The fourth edition of this annual conference will inform on Financial Instruments and how they can help deliver the objectives of the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development (EAFRD), especially in the fields of agriculture, agri-food, forestry and rural entrepreneurship.
The event will focus on trends shaping the forest and wood industry sectors, highlight transformation of forest-related businesses towards a low-carbon bioeconomy, discuss tensions between sustainability and cost competitiveness, and call attention to new green innovations.


Subsistence means the minimal resources that are necessary for survival. If you work for subsistence, you'll probably receive food, water, and lodging (internet access not included).
Subsistence can be used in a variety of subtly different ways. In addition to referring to necessities for survival, it can indicate one's means of obtaining those necessities (usually a job). And if you feel like getting philosophical, subsistence can refer to the very act of existence itself.
Definitions of subsistence
 1. noun
 a means of surviving
 "farming is a hard means of subsistence
 see moresee less
 type of:
 endurance, survival
 a state of surviving; remaining alive
 2. noun
 minimal (or marginal) resources for subsisting
 "social security provided only a bare subsistence
 see moresee less
 type of:
 bread and butter, keep, livelihood, living, support, sustenance
 the financial means whereby one lives
 3. noun
 the state of existing in reality; having substance
 see moresee less
 type of:
 being, beingness, existence
 the state or fact of existing
Word Family


text:
The Many Types of American Parrotlets
Green Parrotlets: In order to obtain a green Parrotlet you have to breed out 5 generations or more to acquire a true green Parrotlet otherwise known as the Clean Green there are no other colors or splits present in this birds lineage. The advantages of having a Clean Green Parrotlet is they are used to create blue split, yellow split Parrotlets.
If you pair a blue and yellow Parrotlet this will in turn produce a green Parrotlet which will be known as a triple split and paired with a Dilute Blue Parrotlet will produce offspring consisting of four colors of birds which include yellow, blue, green and white all coming from a green triple split Parrotlet.
Amercican Yellow Parrotlet: was created by old friend and geneticist Rainer Ehrhardt. The method he used to create the bird was through selected breeding and genetic alteration. He is also known for the creation of the American White Parrotlet. Xtreem Parrotlets til this very day have an original American Yellow that was actually purchased from Mr Ehrhardt 14 year ago.
Blue Parrotlet: The true blue Parrotlet is a product of a natural occurring mutation. Most breeders include the blue Parrotlet due to they are used to create triple splits by placing the blue Parrotlet with an American Yellow thus producing the green triple split. They can also be used to create blue fallow Parrotlets and much more.
American White Parrotlet: The white Parrotlet has both recessed and dominant genes the dominant gene being blue and the recessive gene being yellow. The white Parrotlet is used to create a vast variety of different colored mutations.
Turquoise Parrotlet: The turquoise consider the Turquoise Parrotlet is the Alpha and Omega of Parrotlets. As all rare mutations cannot be created without this bird. The Turquoise Parrotlet is responsible for the creation of turquoise pied, the dilute turquoise, white turquoise fallow pied, creamino, turquoise pastel, the fallow turquoise and much much more.
For The Breeder As Well As The Family Pet
At Xtreem Parrotlets these birds are often used in our breeding programs. Without these mutations we would not be able to produce some of the rarest Parrotlets we have to offer. Also they make great pets. They love to cuddle, perform tricks and talk. They are great companion birds.
See More Xtreem Parrotlets


text:
Urban Planning Legislation in Saudi Arabia A Systematic Classification
Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University
The rapid physical development experienced in many Saudi Arabian Cities made it necessary for the government to intervene and control urban growth. Accordingly many regulations and directives have been developed and issued in different periods and by different governmental agencies. Consequently the existing legislation is found to be fragmented developed in a pieceful way and laqged behind physical developments. This research aimed to accomplish two objectives: first to determined criteria for classification system for urban planning legislation in Saudi Arabia; second to classify existing urban planning legislation in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. First objective of this study was satisfied through the extensive review of the urban planning legislation in the United Kingdom and United States, where a set of criteria. was created. Given the experience of developed countries and the conditions of Saudi Arabia, this research proposed classification system for urban planning legislation in Saudi Arabia. a Second objective of this research was satisfied through the detailed review and analysis of the working of all governmental agencies related directly or indirectly with the field of urban planning in Saudi Arabia. The analysis of the urban planning legislation has been done on the basis of the proposed classification system in this study. Reviewing the role of governmental agencies in the Kingdom and analysing the existing urban planning legislation practice it was found that many of those governmental agencies contribute to the physical development in Saudi Arabia at the national and local levels and hence participate in the urban planning process. Moreover, the research observed many deficiencies in the existing practice and proposed several recommendations for improvements.
Urban and Regional Planning


text:
WHAT YOU'LL NEED:
- A variety of autumn floral stems.
- Brown paper.
- Hot glue gun & glue sticks.
- Wire pliers or cutters.
- Long grass pieces.
- Galvanised tin bucket.
Step 1.Cut the pieces of brown paper into 3x 20mm by 20mm squares. These will make up the 3x cones for your arrangements.
Step 2.Twist each brown square piece of paper into a loose cone and secure the joining the end corners using the hot glue gun.
Step 3.Mix and match your favourite Autumn stems into three little bunches. You will need to use wire cutters, or sharp scissors, to trim the stems to the appropriate length.
Step 4.Once you have the bunches laid out, it's time to stuff your brown paper cones! Cover the bottom of each stem using the hot glue fun and place in the cone. Keep filling each cone.
Step 5.When all three cones are filled, take a piece of grass and wrap it around the bottom part of the cone. Tie in a double knot in the front. Use the hot glue gun to secure the grass to the cone if necessary.
Step 6.Place all three arrangements in a tin bucket for that chic fall farmhouse look!


One of the features missing from Visual Basic 2005 was support for what is known as friend assemblies. We are currently working on enabling Friend Assemblies for the next version of Visual Basic (code named Orcas). I wanted to share with you some of the nice things about friend assemblies and some of the gotchas. Much of the discussion applies equally well to C#, which supported friend assemblies in Visual C# 2005.
Declaring another Assembly as your friend
To declare another assembly A as your friend, simply insert the attribute InternalsVisibleTo("A"). I recommend that you put this in assemblyinfo.vb, where the rest of the assembly attributes go.
One of the rules regarding friend assemblies is that if the declaring assembly is a strong name assembly (that is, that it specifies a key file/container), then you can only declare friends that are also strong name assemblies. This means that you must specify the entire 128 bit public key in the InternalsVisibleTo attribute: InternalsVisibleTo("A, PublicKey=<128-bit Key>").
This prevents a strong name assembly from declaring friendship to any random assembly "A", and having any weak named (thus un-trusted) assembly named "A" reference your friend data.
See the following for more information on InternalsVisibleTo attribute.
NUnit, Unit tests, and Friend Assemblies
One of the scenarios enabled by such the friend assemblies feature is unit testing with NUnit (and other TDD frameworks that rely on being able to see privates). Note that VSTS does not rely on this feature, and VSTS code gens reflection stubs to get access to friend/private data.
This means that with Visual Basic Orcas, you can define your assembly A, and a test assembly TestA, and in assembly A, you declare TestA your friend, and TestA will now be able to access the friend members of A.
This attribute tells the compiler to emit code that makes TestA, with the public key MyKey, your friend. This will instruct the CLR to allow TestA to access friend members and fields in your assembly.
Inheritance and Friend Assemblies
Inheritance provides a unique problem for friend assemblies. Without friend assemblies, the scoping rules of classes (Public, Friend, or Private) are applied throughout the inheritance chain. Consider the following example, all classes defined in the same assembly:
Public Class A
Friend Overridable Sub Foo()
End Sub
End Class
Public Class B : Inherits A
Friend Overrides NotOverridable Sub Foo()
End Sub
End Class
Public Class C : Inherits B
Friend Overrides Sub Foo()
End Sub
End Class
In this case, the compiler will generate an error in class C because Foo is trying to override a method that was marked NotOverridable. So far, so good.
Now what if these classes were defined in three assemblies, A, B, and C (the names correspond to the classes)? Now, class B in assembly B cannot override Foo since it cannot see the Foo declared Friend in class A in assembly A.
But now, with friend assemblies, it is possible for assembly A to declare both assembly B and C as its friend. So now, class B can override Foo in class A, since it can see it. But what happens to class C? Class C in assembly C doesn't see the friend method in assembly B, and so it happily overrides Foo...oops. This will throw an exception at runtime, since B was "in the inheritance chain" but C, lower in the chain, could not see all the members it needed to see!
This is a unique problem introduced by friend assemblies.
What we did in the compiler was to dig through the class hierarchy and ensure that no hidden classes were changing the overriding semantics, and to generate a compiler error in this scenario.
There are other scenarios with the same idea; you can imagine that a hidden class seals a method but then provides another overridable method of the same name. I think we have taken care of all of these issues in the Visual Basic Orcas compiler; feel free to give the Visual Studio Orcas CTP a try and let me know if it doesnt work as you expect! tags:,
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text:
Locust Grove is a National Historic Landmark on 55 acres of the original 694-acre farm established by William and Lucy Clark Croghan in 1790. William Croghan was the brother-in-law and surveying partner of George Rogers Clark, founder of Louisville and Revolutionary War hero. George spent the last nine years of his life at Locust Grove, from 1809 until his death in 1818.
Locust Grove also hosted three U.S. presidents (Monroe, Jackson, and Taylor) and was a stopping point for famed explorers Meriwether Lewis and William Clark—George and Lucy's younger brother—upon their return from their expedition to the Pacific. Contemporary exhibits at Locust Grove tell their stories alongside those of the many enslaved African Americans who lived and worked on the farm and contributed to its success. A tour of Locust Grove is a trip back to early Kentucky history, America's era of Western expansion, and frontier farm life.
- Program 125
- The restoration of the West Baden Springs Hotel in southern Indiana, the Crusade for Children telethon, historic Locust Grove, Raptor Rehabilitation of Kentucky, and Louisville Metro's Office for International Affairs. (#125)


If I Can Sing a Song about Ligatures 2009, Digital Video
w/ Nada Gordon (part of FOREIGN FILM SERIES)
Third in the series of Foreign Films exploring relations of text and image, how text turns the image. In (If I Can Sing A Song About) Ligatures, words taken from lines of Nada Gordon's unrequited love poems, whose sentences are taken, in their turn, from anonymous web poems, reveal a history of sexuality. Ligatures pronounces the poignancy of desire; its power and its vulnerability. The women are visions, girls, desirous, delicate, illusory. The illusionary nature is made manifest-transversing boundaries, expectations and physical limits-by the close. We in the audience, creating our own identities in the moments, remain trans-fixed.
Premiered at the New York Film Festival
Distribution: Abigail Child


text:
5 trees with the sweetest fruits — 5 sweet Fruits trees
5 trees with the sweetest fruits — 5 sweet Fruits trees
Yes friends, today we are going to tell you about the 5 sweetest fruit trees and you should definitely plant these trees. " "' 1. palm tree 2. Fig Tree 3. Guava tree 4. mango tree 5. Apple Tree
How do palm trees become fruits? What do fig trees look like? What do red guava trees look like? Benefits of eating mango tree ? Apple tree in india .
5 trees with the sweetest fruits
1. palm tree
Date palm tree is a major fruit bearing tree, whose fruit is called date. Dates are a natural food item and have a sweet taste. This tree is also used in sweets and desserts. There are different species of date palm trees and their fruits can vary in color, size, and flavor.
Dates are also considered a superfood because they contain various nutrients and vitamins, such as vitamin A, vitamin K, potassium, iron, and fiber. Dates can also be beneficial for health and its daily consumption can help in improving health. low maintenance fruit trees in India.
2. Fig Tree
Fig tree is a major fruit bearing tree, whose fruit is called Anjeer. The fig tree is part of the Ficus genus of flora and is a large tree with heart-shaped leaves. The fig fruit is sweet and is used in foods especially when dried.
Here are some important things about the fig tree:
Fruit: The fruit of the fig is called anjeer, and it is green, purple or black in color depending on the species. It is usually eaten fresh, but can also be dried, used in cooking, or used to make jams and preserves.
Leaves: The leaves of the fig tree are large, broad, and partially divided into petals.
Cultivation: Fig trees are grown in many parts of the world, especially the Mediterranean and Middle Eastern regions. It thrives well in hot climates and is a major source of figs in summer.
Nutrition: Fig fruit is a good source of nutrients like iron, potassium, magnesium, zinc, fiber, vitamins (like vitamin K and vitamin A), and antioxidants. low maintenance fruit trees in india.
Uses: Figs can be enjoyed fresh, dried (as dried figs or fig bars), or in a variety of dishes such as salads, desserts, and spicy dishes. Along with this, it is also used in making fig jam, preserves and fig sweets.
Fig trees hold an important place in many parts of the world due to their delicious and nutritious fruits and their fruits are liked due to their special sweetness. low maintenance fruit trees in India.
Guava tree is a small tree on which guava fruits grow. Guava is a delicious and nutritious fruit and is very famous all over the world. Guava trees are found in different species and can grow easily in areas with hot and humid climates.
Some important things about guava tree are as follows:
Fruit: The guava fruit is small and usually green, but its color and size can vary among different species. This fruit is especially eaten fresh and its taste is equal to that of the mixture.
Leaves: The leaves of guava tree are small and colorful in appearance.
Cultivation: Guava trees are cultivated in various regions, especially in hot and humid climate zones. This fruit can be found throughout the year and is often grown in small villages and gardens.
Nutrition: Guava fruit contains nutrients like Vitamin C, Vitamin A, potassium and fiber. Its consumption is beneficial for health and can help in preventing many types of diseases.
Uses: Guava can be eaten fresh or used in the form of guava chutney, juice and barfi. Along with this, it is also prepared in the form of guava jam, jam and murabba.
The guava tree is famous for its delicious and nutritious fruit, and it is grown in gardens and farms in the Indian subcontinent and many other parts. #5tree #treesplantsinfo
4. Mango tree
Mango tree is a major fruit tree, which produces mango fruits. Mango fruit is a large and sweet fruit and is very much liked all over the world. Mango tree is a major fruit tree of the Indian subcontinent and holds an important place among Indian vegetables.
Some important things about the mango tree are as follows:
Fruit: The size, color and taste of mango fruit varies among different species of mango. This fruit can be green, yellow, red or other colored. The taste of mango fruit is sweet and delicious.
Leaves: The leaves of the mango tree are wavy and sometimes dark green in color.
Cultivation: Mango trees bear better fruits in summer and it is mostly cultivated in hot climate areas. There are thousands of species of mango trees in India, which include white mango, Langra mango, Alphonso, Kesar Chausa etc.
Nutrition: Mango fruit is a good source of Vitamin C, Vitamin A, Vitamin I, Potassium, Magnesium and other nutrients. Its consumption is beneficial for health and can help in preventing many types of diseases.
Uses: Mango can be eaten fresh and is also used in salads, chutneys, juices, murabbas and sweets. Along with this, mango fruit is also preserved in various forms like kamara, mango murabba and mango chutney. Mango trees hold an important place in many parts of the world due to their delicious and nutritious fruits and its fruits are liked due to their sweet and wonderful taste. Top 4 most oxygen plants and trees info in India.
Apple tree (apple tree) is a tree that produces apple (apple) fruit. Apple is a popular and delicious fruit, whose fruits can be green, yellow, red or other colors. Apple trees are cultivated in various cultures around the world and the fruits are renowned for their delicious and even qualities.
Some important points about apple trees are as follows:
Fruits: Apple fruits come in different sizes, colors and tastes. The apple fruit has a sweet and crisp taste and is available in many juices, such as rosé, ale or a blend. treesplantsinfo
Leaves: The leaves of the apple tree are compound and of various types, usually green in color.
Farming: Apple tree cultivation and tomato cultivation are done. This fruit can be found throughout the year and comes in different varieties, such as Apple Kate, Granny Smith, Red Delicious and Golden Delicious etc.
Nutrition: Apple fruit is a good source of Vitamin C, Vitamin A, potassium, magnesium and other nutrients. Its consumption is healthy and can help in getting rid of many types of problems.
Uses: Apples can be eaten fresh, either as a snack or in the form of whole grains, jams and drinks. Various versions of apple fruit such as apple chips, apple jam and ginger apple chips have also been produced.
Apple trees have an important place, their tasty and delicious fruit is one of the many idols of the world, and this fruit is loved for its delicious and rare taste. treesplantsinfo
" Yes friends, today we are going to tell you about the 5 sweetest fruit trees and you should definitely plant these trees. " "' 1. plam tree 2. Fig Tree 3. Guava tree 4. mango tree 5. Apple Tree " """"""""""""""""""YOUR SEARCH KEYWORDS """"""""""""""""""""""' 20 best low-maintenance fruit trees top oxygen trees in india low maintenance fruit trees in india top benefits of planting a tree in india highest oxygen producing indoor trees in india top 12 oxygen trees name in india Top 4 most oxygen plants and trees info in India 12 oxygen trees name highest oxygen producing trees in india best oxygen trees in india best oxygen trees info #5tree #treesplantsinfo


text:
Index numbering starts from 0. The startIndex parameter can range from 0 to the length of the string instance. If startIndex equals the length of the string instance, the method returns -1.
This method performs a word (case-sensitive and culture-sensitive) search using the current culture. The search begins at the startIndex character position of this instance and continues until the last character position.
Character sets include ignorable characters, which are characters that are not considered when performing a linguistic or culture-sensitive comparison. In a culture-sensitive search, if value contains an ignorable character, the result is equivalent to searching with that character removed. If value consists only of one or more ignorable characters, the IndexOf(String, Int32) method always returns startIndex, which is the character position at which the search begins. In the following example, the IndexOf(String, Int32) method is used to find the position of a soft hyphen (U+00AD) followed by an "m" in two strings. Only one of the strings contains the required substring. If the example is run on the .NET Framework 4 or later, in both cases, because the soft hyphen is an ignorable character, the method returns the index of "m" in the string. Note that in the case of the first string, which includes the soft hyphen followed by an "m", the method fails to return the index of the soft hyphen but instead returns the index of the "m".
Public Sub Main()
Dim searchString As String = Chrw(&h00AD) + "m"
Dim s1 As String = "ani" + ChrW(&h00AD) + "mal"
Dim s2 As String = "animal"
' The example displays the following output:


ThePipingMart Blog Grades Hy-Tuf Steel – Composition, Properties and Uses
Hy-Tuf Steel – Composition, Properties and Uses
Hy Tuf Steel
In the world of metallurgy, high-tensile strength steel is crucial for manufacturing various industrial machinery, structures, and equipment. Hy Tuf steel is a high-tensile strength steel widely famous for its strength, ductility, and toughness. It is used in many mechanically demanding applications that require high durability, such as aircraft landing gear, missile components, and critical automotive parts. This blog post will discuss everything you need about Hy Tuf steel – its composition, physical and mechanical properties, uses, hardness, and heat treatment.
Hy Tuf Steel Composition
Hy Tuf steel is a low-alloy, high-strength steel that contains mainly manganese, chromium, and molybdenum. The steel's chemical composition allows it to form a fine-grain microstructure, contributing to its strength, toughness, and fatigue resistance. The chemical composition of Hy Tuf steel may vary depending on the manufacturer but typically contains around 0.2% carbon, 1.7% manganese, 0.5% chromium, and 0.2% molybdenum.
Hy Tuf Steel Physical Properties
Hy Tuf steel has several physical properties, making it a popular choice among engineers and manufacturers. It has a density of around 7.85 g/cm3, which makes it a relatively lightweight steel despite its high strength. Its thermal conductivity ranges between 26-48 W/m.K, and its coefficient of thermal expansion is around 12 x 10-6 m/m.K. Furthermore, Hy Tuf steel has excellent corrosion resistance, making it ideal for use in harsh environmental conditions.
Hy Tuf Steel Mechanical Properties
The most significant advantage of Hy Tuf steel is its high tensile strength, which ranges between _PHONE_ MPa. It also has a high yield strength of around 800 MPa, which means it can withstand loads without permanent deformation. Hy Tuf steel is also highly ductile, with an elongation of about 12-25%, which means it can absorb significant amounts of energy without fracturing.
Hy Tuf Steel Uses
Hy Tuf steel has many applications due to its excellent mechanical properties and toughness. It is commonly used in aircraft landing gear, missile components, and automotive parts that require high strength and durability. It is also used in structural applications, such as bridges and buildings, where power and toughness are crucial. The high strength of Hy Tuf steel also makes it suitable for use in the construction of pressure vessels and pipelines.
Hy Tuf Steel Hardness
The hardness of Hy Tuf steel depends on its heat treatment but typically ranges between 200-250HB. The steel's hardness is essential to its strength and toughness, as it determines how well it can resist deformation and fracture under high loads.
Hy Tuf Steel Heat Treatment
Heat treatment is crucial for achieving the desired physical and mechanical properties of Hy Tuf steel. The most common heat treatment process for Hy Tuf steel is quenching and tempering. The steel is heated to a high temperature during quenching and then rapidly cooled in water or oil to form a martensitic microstructure. After satisfying, the steel is tempered to improve its toughness and ductility.
Conclusion
Hy Tuf steel is high-strength steel with excellent mechanical properties, making it suitable for various applications. Its chemical composition, physical and mechanical properties, hardness, and heat treatment make it one of the most popular choices among manufacturers and engineers. With its excellent strength, toughness, and ductility, Hy Tuf steel provides outstanding performance and durability even in harsh environments. Whether you are designing aircraft landing gear, missile components, or pressure vessels, Hy Tuf steel is an ideal choice for your project.
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This paper examines effects of three dams on flow characteristics of Insiza River on which they are located. The storage capacities of these dams varies from an equivalent of 48–456% of the mean annual runoff. Mean annual runoff and annual maximum flood flows have not been modified by the presence of these dams. The average number of days per year without runoff had decreased downstream of two dams. A comparison was made of flow duration curves at sites upstream and downstream of the selected dams. Significant differences were detected between the flow duration curves of upstream and downstream sites. Exceedance frequencies of low flows had decreased downstream of two dams, while these had increased downstream of the other dam. The study recommends development of operating rules for these dams that will ensure that changes detected in low flows do not adversely affect instream flow requirements.
Financed by the National Centre for Research and Development under grant No. SP/I/1/77065/10 by the strategic scientific research and experimental development program:
SYNAT - "Interdisciplinary System for Interactive Scientific and Scientific-Technical Information".


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Have you noticed your ferret trying to chew on the buttons on your remote control or maybe on a flip-flop? If so, don't be surprised - chewing is a completely normal behavior for ferrets. However, ferrets can easily get blockages from ingesting materials that they cannot digest, such as soft rubber. Because it is a natural instinct for ferrets to chew, it is important that you provide safe, ferret specific products for your ferret to chew on. But which items are safe and which aren't?
Unsafe Chew Toys
Never allow your ferret to chew on the following items. They can cause blockages or other damage to your ferret's stomach or intestines. Blockages are a life threatening condition, and they are fatal if not caught and treated by a veterinarian in time.
Rubber is incredibly dangerous for ferrets, which is unfortunate because it is one of their favorite items to chew on. Soft rubber, like the kind that remote control buttons are made from, is especially dangerous because your ferret can easily bite small pieces of it off and swallow them. These pieces can get lodged in the stomach or intestines, and the ferret may or may not be able to pass them. If a full blockage forms in the intestines and is not treated immediately, that section of the intestine will start to die, making your ferret very ill.
While ferrets naturally like to chew on things, they do not chew for the same reason that small pets do. Small pets need wood to chew on to control the constant growth of their teeth throughout their lives. Ferrets are carnivores, and their teeth and jaws were made to chew on meat and bones. If you give a ferret wood to chew on, she could ingest wooden splinters that could damage her stomach and intestines. It is acceptable to give ferrets cage accessories that are made from wood if supervised, but if you see any signs at all that your ferret has been chewing on them, remove them from the cage immediately.
Ferrets only take about four hours to completely digest their food from the time they eat it to the time it leaves their body. This isn't enough time for the rawhide to re-hydrate, and the pieces she eats can form severe blockages in her stomach and intestines. If you have dogs and you give them rawhide, be sure to pick up any pieces lying around before you let your ferrets out to play.
If your ferret accidentally swallows one of the items listed above or any other non-edible item, give her a ferret laxative or hairball remedy immediately. Watch her stool for the next few days, and if she does not pass the unsafe object, schedule a veterinary appointment immediately.
Safe Chew Toys for Ferrets
There are a variety of safe chew toys available for ferrets. They will satisfy your ferret's need to chew, but are completely edible and easy for your ferret to digest.
The chew toys and treats listed below are all completely safe for your ferret to chew on and ingest.
Ferret N-Bones Chew Treats
Ferret N-Bones are all-natural ferret chew treats that are high in protein and fat. Completely edible and digestible, these chew treats are a favorite of ferrets everywhere. They have a delicious chicken flavor, and they meet the specific dietary requirements of ferrets.


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Mass market digital manufacturing devices are severely limited in accuracy and material, resulting in a significant gap between the appearance of the virtual and the real shape. In imaging as well as rendering of shapes, it is common to enhance features so that they are more apparent. We provide an approach for feature enhancement that directly operates on the geometry of a given shape, with particular focus on improving the visual appearance for 3D printing. The technique is based on unsharp masking, modified to handle arbitrary free-form geometry in a stable, efficient way, without causing large scale deformation. On a series of manufactured shapes we show how features are lost as size of the object decreases, and how our technique can compensate for this. We evaluate this effect in a human subject experiment and find significant preference for modified geometry.
- Job Openings


Commissioned by Carnegie Hall as part of its 125 Commission Project, Make A Joyful Noize is a multimedia universe that blends music, film, interviews, spoken word and dance to capture the visceral, contagious and unapologetic energy of black joy.
MAJN Logo_green.png
Behind every movement is a soundtrack that mobilizes change and inspires the leaders for generations to come. Soundtrack '63 is a live, multimedia musical performance exploring the African-American experience in the United States. The production uses immersive video scored by an orchestral ensemble and soul stirring vocalist to tell a story of tragedy, triumph and transcendence.
*Originally commissioned by 651 ARTS in 2012.
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Soul Science Lab's 10 Trane explores the life and evolution of John Coltrane's journey to self-discovery that shook up the world and continues to inspire generations. As a millennial tribute to the icon, the concert covers Coltrane jazz classics, original music and popular hip-hop Coltrane-influenced tracks that tell the story of the musician's transformation.


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How deep does the near infrared light therapy penetrate on the body?Updated a month ago
The NASA Study
--p.63, paragraph 3, ". The depth of near-infrared light penetration into human tissue has been measured...Spectra taken from the wrist flexor muscles in the forearm and muscles in the calf of the leg demonstrate that most of the photons at wavelengths of 630-800 nm travel approximately 23 cm through the skin surface (light input) and muscle, exiting at Ihe photon detector."
It's counterintuitive if you don't take into consideration the concept of the optical window of biological tissue. In general, you are correct that "shorter wavelengths typically penetrate lesser depths than longer wavelengths unless you significantly increase the power". But, due to the main chromophores in the human body, hemoglobin and water, wavelengths on either side of the 600-1200nm optical window are strongly absorbed.
To understand the optical window of biological tissue, refer to Hamblin's Mechanisms of Low Level Light Therapy.
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Global demand for cement continues to increase and analysts project that the industry will maintain a healthy growth rate well into 2020. This positive outlook translates into mounting pressures on the manufacturers to increase throughput of new and existing plants while at the same time striving to reduce the environmental impact of cement manufacture though process optimization and use of clinker substitutes.
This presentation reviews the importance of elemental and mineralogical analysis and the value of precise analytical data to plant operations. It also discusses the importance of cement fineness and how precision and timeliness aspects of particle size analysis are related to production control and efforts to optimize grinding and reduce energy consumption.


text:
OUR ULTIMATE COVID BOOKING GUARANTEE. FIND OUT MORE
Switzerland and Italy are moving ahead with plans to create a new trans-border protected area. After signing an international treaty with the Italian government, the Swiss Federal Council recently announced its plan to put the Locarnese National Park to a vote. If the vote is successful, the park will become Switzerland's second national park and Italy's 23rd.
The proposed Locarnese National Park sits in the southern canton of Ticino and would include the Valle dei Bagni in Italy. The trans-border park would cover a vast and diverse landscape and include sites of cultural importance and natural beauty, from deep canyons to dense, age-old forest.
The new park would join the Swiss National Park, which was created back in 1914 in the canton of Graubünden. This park is renowned as one of the best places to hike and see Switzerland's wildlife. Italy currently has 22 national parks, protecting around 5% of its total land area.
In 2016, a similar motion to create a park across several of Switzerland's southern cantons and part of Italy was defeated due to a lack of local support. The Parc Adula project had been 16 years in the making and had the backing of conservation NGOs, such as Pro Natura and WWF. However, many local people feared that the national park would disrupt their livelihoods, creating more bureaucracy and putting up barriers for local businesses. In the end, their vote ended the initiative.
According to SwissInfo, the Locarnese National Park project now has strong local support and is seen as a "park of national importance" by many in the region. So, this time round it may be successful. "However, this will only come into force if the Ticino municipalities concerned accept the creation of the park and if the Confederation grants the Park the 'park' label," the Federal Council noted.
Local communities are expected to vote on the creation of the Locarnese National Park later this year.


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Chinese Luogu Percussion Ensembles
The Lion's Roar is an exciting introduction to the fire and fury of traditional percussion ensembles. For the first time in English, readers are presented with the cultural and historical background of the tradition, an overview of instruments, and transcriptions for eleven ensembles, four of which include songs featuring melody instruments and Chinese words.
The text is engaging and easy to follow, and the ensembles are appropriate for use by groups from elementary school through adult. Music and social studies faculty, students of Chinese music and culture, and ethnomusicologists will find The Lion's Roar fascinating, thorough and very accessible.
Ensembles include: Lion Dances, Dragon Dance, Festival Parade, Flower-ball Dance, processionals, and others.
The 8.5" x 11" book includes:
- Copy-OK transcriptions for each piece
- Mnemonics (chanted rhythm patterns) for each piece
- Step-by-step guide to mastery and performance
- Cultural Context
- Guides for adapting classroom instruments
- 16 photographs; paper-cuts, drawings
- Glossary and Pronunciation Guide
The companion audio recording includes:
- Chinese ensemble directed by Han
- Mnemonics and performances as written in the book
- Every selection in the book is on the recording
Set of 13 full color downloadable images (created from the original slides) with teacher's guide includes photos of:
- Traditional Chinese instruments
- Performing ensembles
- Lion Dance
Downloadable PDFs, Performance/
(both Print and Downloadable versions: 66.3MB download)


text: Sub base is the term used to describe the layer immediately beneath the surface of a paved area. Typically the final surface will be made of stone paving, gravel, concrete or bitumen macadam. The sub base layer is beneath this and provides strength and stability to the surface it supports. Laying the final layer of paving on a poorly prepared surface will result in early failure of the pavement surface. Our sub base, or scalpings, consists of a graded blend of particle sized to a maximum of 40mm.


The phrase'straw dogs' is drawn from the Tao Te Ching, and refers to ceremonial objects of ancient China, carefully prepared and employed in ritual with great reverence, and then thrown away like rubbish. In this manner are Heaven and Earth said to treat the ten thousand things or myriad creatures.
'Heaven and Earth are ruthless, and treat the ten thousand things like straw dogs.'
The lesson, I suppose, is that one shouldn't rely on the favour of heavenly beings for one's survival.


Adequate Blasting for Maritime Vessels
Adequate Blasting for Maritime Vessels
A correct blasting process and the application of adequate treatments guarantee a long life for maritime vessels.
The Star of India ship was built in 1863 and it is still in functioning condition today. After many adventures on seas and oceans, under its original name of Euterpe, the vessel was sold in 1901 and it was renamed Star of India – a name that it is still bearing today. It kept transporting both passengers and merchandise until 1923, when steam vessels started dominating the seas. Time started taking its toll as well, the ship needing major repairs.
Blasting played an important role in restoring the ship's metallic structural elements. Thus, the old paint layers were removed, along with rust and other residues accumulated and the metallic surface was cleaned, allowing it, once again, to go through the necessary treatments in an efficient manner, which extended the vessel's life cycle.
The Star of India was refurbished and it met the ocean again in 1976. Currently, it belongs to the Maritime Museum in San Diego and it sails at least once a year.
Constanța Seaport, Gate 2, SORENA Platform, Constanța, Romania


Will Sulfuric Acid Dissolve an RTV Silicone Seal?
Written by les belzer | 13/05/2017
Will Sulfuric Acid Dissolve an RTV Silicone Seal?
RTV, room temperature vulcanised silicone sealant is used in many applications in a car. (automobile image by Franco DI MEO from Fotolia.com)
RTV is an initialisation for Room Temperature Vulcanizing rubber or silicone, an extremely useful product. You can use it to form almost instant gasket-like seals in your car or other machinery. There are also many other uses for the product, depending on the specific formula. The movie industry, for instance, uses it to create wobbly lifelike figures in motion pictures.
What Is Vulcanization
Vulcanisation was first discovered by Charles Goodyear, of Goodyear tire fame, in 1839. He found that if you heat liquid rubber and add sulphur that the resulting compound is much more durable than the rubber alone. He named the process after Vulcan, the Greek god of fire. Since then the process has been improved not only for rubber but also for silicone. In 2011 the process is used not only to make long-lasting tires, but also to improve the characteristics of silicone sealants.
How Silicone Is Made
Will Sulfuric Acid Dissolve an RTV Silicone Seal?
RTV silicone sealants can be used to make sure your aquarium doesn't leak. (Aquarium image by crossgolfing from Fotolia.com)
Silicone is the basis for a large number of elastomers, polymers and synthetic rubbers. In general, all silicone is made by adding oxygen to silicon. This forms chains with alternating molecules of silicon and oxygen. Then other additives, such as sulphur, provide the silicone with specific properties necessary for each application. It was first discovered in the early 1900s and used in World War II as a sealant for aeroplane coolant.
RTV Silicone Sealant
RTV or room temperature vulcanised silicone is very useful as a sealant. Its high resistance to oil, transmission fluid and coolants make it the perfect material for a sealant in your car or even in your aquarium. These sealants come in two varieties: those that have a single tube application and those that have to be mixed like epoxy glues just before use. The advantage of the messier mixed system is that it cures faster so your seal can be ready in a matter of minutes.
RTV and Acid
Sulphuric acid is a clear, viscous liquid with extremely corrosive properties. You must be very careful to take proper precautions when using this chemical. Most RTV silicone sealants claim to have a high resistance to corrosion even against high-concentration acids. So the majority of RTV silicone sealants will resist contact with sulphuric acid. Remember, however, that there are many different formulas available, so you might want to try a small amount of sulphuric acid on the sealant to see how it reacts. Silicon, the basis of silicone, is also the basis for glass, in which sulphuric acid is stored.
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text:
The concept of a bi-directional language (English-Spanish) comic book focused on engineering was brought to life through a partnership with LosKitos _URL_.
This EduComic book, brings an engineering topic to life for middle school students.
Simultaneously published in English and Spanish, the EduComic Book serves as a valuable teaching tool in ESL classrooms and those looking to improve their English and/or Spanish.
Copies of the EduComic Book may be requested for a nominal fee.
Sponsors included Proctor and Gamble and General Electric. Future publications will become available pending funding.


text:
The Food Standards Agency:
Bringing Data Strategy To The Table
The Food Standards Agency has a wide and complex remit - to ensure food standards are functioning at all times across the entire UK food chain, from farm to fork.
The burden of management of such a remit is obviously extensive, and the FSA realised that data strategy could become pivotal to its future development and lightening this load. With DEFRA undertaking to open up data across all its agencies, the FSA realised that more open and shared data could reduce this burden of management.
What We Did
Visceral Business was asked to help explore and develop the opportunities by holding a series of workshops with FSA
partners and potential partners - from farmers to food providers and retailers, large and small, across a range of food production areas. We designed a data canvas and explored current and future practices with this group and how management reporting could be radically changed, from resource intensive inspection regimes to a national data infrastructure, using exceptional reporting whilst maintaining quality control and reducing costs for the FSA and its partners.
A fundamental change of management approach, with the prospect of radically reduced operating costs is underway as a result of digital business design. This work is ongoing and has led to development of a detailed digital strategy.


data
an associated data item.
type
an associated array of types.
Note that map does not contain a reference to any DOM nodes; its purpose is to store metadata, data and type, associated with the DOM node. For example, if you wish to programmatically move a DnD item from one Source to another, you must perform DOM manipulations in addition to moving the item from one Source's map to the other Source's map.
However, it is not recommended to access map directly. There are several utility functions to access it. They can be used to virtualize the map, and you can use them with dojo.connect() so you know when DnD items are added/removed/accessed and use it to customize the behavior:
The following accessor and utility functions are defined:
getItem(id)
returns an object with data and type described above, which are associated with the node corresponding to that id.
setItem(id, obj)
associates an object obj with this id. obj should define data and type attributes.
delItem(id)
deletes a record of the node with this id. Warning: it does not delete the node from the container.
clearItems()
delete all records. Warning: it does not delete nodes from the container.
forInItems(f, o)
similar to dojo.forEach() but goes over all items in the map in an unspecified order. The function f will be called in the context o for every item in the map with following parameters:
obj
the corresponding object with data and type defined.
id
the node id.
map
the map object itself.
Note: forInItems() iterates over all DnD items in unspecified order. If you want to iterate over items in the order they are listed in the container you can use the code similar to this:
function OrderedIter(container, f, o){
 // similar to:
 // container.forInItems(f, o);
 // but iterates in the listed order
 o = o || dojo.global;
 container.getAllNodes().forEach(function(node){
 var id = node.id;
 f.call(o, container.getItem(id), id, container);
 });
}
Event processors
Following event processors are defined: onMouseOver, onMouseOut. Two pseudo-events are defined: onOverEvent, onOutEvent, which are cleaned up argument-less onMouseOver and onMouseOut events (otherwise they can be fired several times without actually leaving the container).
CSS classes
Following CSS classes are used by the container object:
dojoDndContainer
assigned to each container node during the construction.
dojoDndContainerOver
assigned when the mouse hovers over the container.
dojoDndItem
assigned to every new data item node. It should be assigned to every item before the container construction, if you want it to be added automatically by the constructor.
dojoDndItemOver
assigned to a data item node when the mouse hovers over the this item. This class is assigned in addition to dojoDndItem class.
Partial reason to add "over" states when the mouse hovers over instead of using CSS was to support it in Internet Explorer too.
Selector
The default implementation of Selector is built on top of Container and adds the ability to select children items. Selector inherits all Container's methods and objects. Additionally it adds a notion of an anchor. The anchor is used to specify a point of insertion of other items. The selector assumes that the container is organized in a linear fashion either vertically (e.g., embedded
s, lists, tables) or horizontally (e.g., s). This assumption allows implementation of familiar user interface paradigms: selection of one element with a mouse click, selection of an additional element with ctrl+click, linear group selection from the anchor to the clicked element with shift+click, selecting an additional linear group from the anchor to the clicked element with shift+ctrl+click. Obviously if you have more complex containers, you could implement different user interface actions.
Constructor
Constructor takes the same two parameters as the Container's constructor. It understands more optional parameters and passes the rest to the underlying container. Following optional parameters are understood by the selector object:
singular
a Boolean flag. If it is true, the user is allowed to select just one item, otherwise any number of items can be selected. It is false by default.
autoSync
a Boolean flag. If it is true, Selector calls Container's sync() method for every onMouseDown. It helps when you add/remove DnD items using HTML DOM API, but can be taxing for containers with large number of DnD items. In order to be more efficient consider calling sync() method after the manipulations were done, or (even more efficient) adding new DnD items using insertNodes() method. The default value of this parameter is false.
Public methods and attributes
Following public methods are defined in addition to the container public methods:
getSelectedNodes()
returns a NodeList of selected DOM nodes.
selectNone()
remove the selection from all items. It returns the selector object itself for easy chaining of calls.
selectAll()
selects all items. It returns the selector object itself for easy chaining of calls.
deleteSelectedNodes()
deletes all selected nodes. It returns the selector object itself for easy chaining of calls.
Following public method is redefined with a new signature:
insertNodes(addSelected, data, before, anchor)
the last three parameters are the same as in Container. The first parameter is a flag, if it is true all newly added items will be added as selected, otherwise they will be added unselected.
The container object defines following public attributes:
selection
a dictionary object keyed by ids of selected nodes. No useful payload is attached to objects in the dictionary.
anchor
the current anchor node or null.
Event processors
Following event processors are defined: onMouseDown, onMouseUp. onMouseMove is attached by onOverEvent and detached by onOutEvent dynamically.
CSS classes
Following CSS classes are used by the selector object in addition to classes assigned the container object:
dojoDndItemSelected
assigned if a data item is selected but it is not an anchor (the last selected element). This class is assigned in addition to dojoDndItem class.
dojoDndItemAnchor
assigned to an anchor data item. At any given time the selector can have zero or one anchor. This class is assigned in addition to dojoDndItem class. Being an anchor means that this item is selected.
Source
The source object represents a source of items for DnD operations. It is used to represent DnD targets as well. In order to be compatible your custom sources should emulate the common source API. Instances of this class can be created from the HTML markup automatically by dojo/parser using data-dojo-type="dojo/dnd/Source".
The default implementation of the source is built on top of Selector, and adds the ability to start a DnD operation, and participate in the orchestration of the DnD. Source inherits all Selector's (and Container's) methods and attributes. User can initiate the DnD operation by dragging items (click and move without releasing the mouse). The DnD operation can be used to rearrange items within a single source, or items can be moved or copied between two sources. The user can select whether they want to copy or move items by pressing the Ctrl button during the operation. If Ctrl is pressed, items will be copied, otherwise they will be moved. This behavior can be overwritten programmatically.
Constructor
Constructor takes the same two parameters as the container's Selector. It understands more optional parameters and passes the rest to the underlying Selector. Following optional parameters are understood by the source object:
isSource
a Boolean flag. If it is true, this object can be used to start the DnD operation, otherwise it can serve only as a target. It is true by default.
accept
an array of strings. It defines what types can be accepted by this object, when it is used as a target. The default is ["text"]. If the array is empty it means that this source cannot be a target.
horizontal
a Boolean flag. If true, the source is based on the horizontally organized list container, otherwise it is based on the vertical one. The default is false.
withHandles
a Boolean flag. If true, an item can be dragged only by a predefined node inside the item, otherwise the whole item can be used for dragging. By default it is false. The handle should be a descendant of the item node and should be marked with class dojoDndHandle.
copyOnly
a Boolean flag. If true, the source doesn't allow to move items out of it, any DnD operation will copy items from such sources. By default it is false.
selfCopy
a Boolean flag. If true, the source copies items by default when dropping on itself. It is false by default. This flag has meaning only if copyOnly is true.
selfAccept
a Boolean flag. If true, the source accepts its own items. It is true by default. This


text:
READING, Pa., April 12, 2023 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- EnerSys (NYSE: ENS)
EnerSys®, the global leader in stored energy solutions for industrial applications, has been awarded the Better Practice Award from the U.S. Department of Energy Better Plants Program for the implementation of the EnerSys Operating System (EOS) Lean Management program.
The EOS program is a Lean Management initiative designed to identify, reduce, or eliminate waste within EnerSys's operations. The program was implemented using a framework for continuous improvement to do the right things for its employees, customers and shareholders.
By using the EOS program, EnerSys plants across the globe have been able to more efficiently implement safety, health, environmental, quality and sustainability improvements, including scrap, water and gas reductions, energy savings and more.
The Better Practice Award is given annually to partners of the Better Plants Initiative who demonstrate innovative and industry-leading accomplishments in decarbonization, energy and water efficiency, or waste reduction. The award recognizes partners for implementing and promoting practices, principles, and procedures broadly within a portfolio or series of buildings or plants.
The award criteria include magnitude, replicability, innovation, and additional program benefits, such as the impact on occupant health and wellness, workforce development, diversity, equity, and inclusion, community engagement, and benefits to underserved communities.
"EnerSys is proud to be recognized for our EOS Lean Management program," said Patrice Baumann, Senior Vice President of Global Operations and Supply Chain. "Our program has created a culture of continuous improvement and waste reduction that has had a significant positive impact on our organization. We are grateful for this recognition and will continue to strive for excellence in all that we do."
The Better Buildings Initiative is a program of the U.S. Department of Energy that works with partners to promote energy efficiency in buildings and industrial facilities. The Better Practice Awards are an important part of the initiative, recognizing partners who demonstrate leadership and innovation in energy efficiency and sustainability.
"Partners in the Better Plants Challenge are sharing their success and innovation to accelerate their energy efficiency. The Better Practice awards highlight unique efforts to make meaningful headway in reducing energy, water, waste and greenhouse gas emissions," said Carolyn Snyder, Deputy Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency at the U.S. Department of Energy.
For more information about the innovative EOS Lean Management program and related projects, visit our Sustainability Webpage.
EnerSys, the global leader in stored energy solutions for industrial applications, manufactures and distributes energy systems solutions and motive power batteries, specialty batteries, battery chargers, power equipment, battery accessories and outdoor equipment enclosure solutions to customers worldwide. Energy Systems, which combine enclosures, power conversion, power distribution and energy storage, are used in the telecommunication, broadband and utility industries, uninterruptible power supplies, and numerous applications requiring stored energy solutions. Motive power batteries and chargers are utilized in electric forklift trucks and other industrial electric powered vehicles. Specialty batteries are used in aerospace and defense applications, large over-the-road trucks, premium automotive, medical and security systems applications. EnerSys also provides aftermarket and customer support services to its customers in over 100 countries through its sales and manufacturing locations around the world. With the NorthStar acquisition, EnerSys has solidified its position as the market leader for premium Thin Plate Pure Lead batteries which are sold across all three lines of business. More information regarding EnerSys can be found at _URL_.
Sustainability at EnerSys is about more than just the benefits and impacts of our products. Our commitment to sustainability encompasses many important environmental, social and governance issues. Sustainability is a fundamental part of how we manage our own operations. Minimizing our environmental footprint is a priority. Sustainability is our commitment to our employees, our customers and the communities we serve. Our products facilitate positive environmental, social and economic impacts around the world. To learn more visit: _URL_
Caution Concerning Forward-Looking Statements
This press release, and oral statements made regarding the subjects of this release, contains forward-looking statements, within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, or the Reform Act, which may include, but are not limited to, statements regarding EnerSys' projections, plans, objectives, expectations and intentions to reduce emissions and emissions intensity, the development of future technologies, business plans, and other statements contained in this press release that are not historical facts, including statements identified by words such as "believe," "plan," "seek," "expect," "intend," "estimate," "anticipate," "will," and similar expressions. All statements addressing operating performance, events, or developments that EnerSys expects or anticipates will occur in the future, including statements relating to the Company's goals of achieving Scope 1 greenhouse gas neutrality by 2040 and Scope 2 neutrality by 2050, as well as statements expressing optimism or pessimism about such plans are forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Reform Act. The forward-looking statements are based on management's current views and assumptions regarding future events and operating performance, and are inherently subject to significant business, economic, and competitive uncertainties and contingencies and changes in circumstances, many of which are beyond the Company's control. The statements in this press release are made as of the date of this press release, even if subsequently made available by EnerSys on its website or otherwise. EnerSys does not undertake any obligation to update or revise these statements to reflect events or circumstances occurring after the date of this press release.
Although EnerSys does not make forward-looking statements unless it believes it has a reasonable basis for doing so, EnerSys cannot guarantee their accuracy. The foregoing factors, among others, could cause actual results to differ materially from those described in these forward-looking statements. For a list of other factors which could affect EnerSys' results, including earnings estimates, see EnerSys' filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including "Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations," and "Forward-Looking Statements," set forth in EnerSys' Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2022. No undue reliance should be placed on any forward-looking statements.
Investor Relations and Financial Media


text:
A 12 inch long string with a 0.5 mm diameter and is composed of a 10GPa modulus
material is fixed at one end and loaded by a 100 g mass at its other end. What is the length
of the string when it is under load? (Note that the length is necessarily greater than 12
LInitial = 12 in =.305 m
A = ∏r2 = ∏(.00025)2 = 1.96 * 10-7 m^2
E = 10 N/m2
F=.1 * 9.8 =.98 N
The Attempt at a Solution
Basically I'm just not sure which length to use for finding the spring constant k, the final or initial length?
So should be solving something like this for final length?


Using Moira in your own app#
This tutorial shows how to integrate Moira into your own application. It explains the basic steps by showing how Moira is used in vAmiga, the Amiga emulator Moira was originally developed for.
Configuring Moira#
We start by examining the compile-time options chosen by vAmiga. The following options are set in MoiraConfig.h:
 - #define PRECISE_TIMING true
Moira is run in precise timing mode, which means that a sync call is initiated before each memory access. This gives vAmiga the ability to emulate the surrounding logic up to the point in time when the memory access actually happens. This is an essential feature in Amiga emulation, as many applications rely on accurate bus timing. In fact, the lack of this feature in Musashi was the reason I implemented Moira in the first place. Note that this feature is only available for the M68000 and M68010. M68020 emulation is always done in simple cycle mode, regardless of how this preprocessor variable is set.
 - #define VIRTUAL_API false
All functions of the Moira class that are required to be implemented by the client (vAmiga) are declared as non-virtual. This means these functions will be statically linked, resulting in a small performance boost compared to virtual functions.
 - #define EMULATE_ADDRESS_ERROR true
The M68000 and the M68010 signal an address error when a word or longword access to an odd address is attempted. Since some Amiga titles rely on this behavior, address error emulation is enabled in vAmiga.
 - #define EMULATE_FC true
All M680x0 CPUs are equipped with three so-called function code pins (FC pins). Whenever memory is accessed, the value on these pins allows external hardware to check the access type. Although the Amiga does not make use of those pins, emulation is enabled in Moira to accurately emulate the M68010 CPU. Unlike the M68000, the M68010 includes the current value of the FC pins in some stack frames.
 - #define ENABLE_DASM true
This option instructs Moira to create a lookup table with all disassembler handlers. The creation of this table is mandatory for using the disassembler. If the disassembler is not needed, it is advisable to set this option to false, since the lookup table consumes a decent amount of memory.
 - #define BUILD_INSTR_INFO_TABLE false
During initialization, Moira is able to create an optional info table that stores information about the instruction, addressing mode, and size attribute for each of the 65536 opcode words. In vAmiga, the creation of this table is omitted because the information is not needed.
 - #define MIMIC_MUSASHI false
This option instructs Moira not to run in Musashi compatibility mode, resulting in higher accuracy.
Subclassing Moira#
Having learned how Moira's compile-time options are configured, we take a deeper look on how Moira is integrated in vAmiga. The most prominent class in vAmiga is the Amiga class. It has the following structure:
class Amiga : public Thread {
 ...
 // Core components
 CPU cpu = CPU(*this);
 CIAA ciaA = CIAA(*this);
 CIAB ciaB = CIAB(*this);
 Memory mem = Memory(*this);
 Agnus agnus = Agnus(*this);
 Denise denise = Denise(*this);
 Paula paula = Paula(*this);
 ...
};
vAmiga's CPU class is a subclass of the Moira class. It's main purpose is to add additional functionality to what Moira already offers. E.g., the CPU class provides capabilities for serializing and deserializing the CPU state which is important for saving and loading emulator states (snapshots). In addition, the CPU class enhances the Moira class with overclocking support. If you are interested in how overclocking is implemented in vAmiga, please refer to the How-to section.
In CPU.cpp we find the implementations of all Moira functions that interact with the environment. Since we have declared the API as non-virtual, none of these functions have a default implementation. Therefore, all functions must be implemented even if there is nothing to do. Thus, many functions are defined with an empty function body. E.g.:
void
Moira::didReset()
{
}
This function is one of the delegation methods Moira provides. It is called at the end of the reset handler to allow the client to perform special actions.
Other functions do have a non-empty implementation such as functions for accessing memory. E.g., this is how read8 and read16 are implemented in vAmiga:
u8
Moira::read8(u32 addr) const
{
 return mem.peek8<ACCESSOR_CPU>(addr);
}
u16
Moira::read16(u32 addr) const
{
 return mem.peek16<ACCESSOR_CPU>(addr);
}
At first glance, the code seems to speak for itself. Moira's memory request is passed to the mem object, which is an instance of vAmiga's Memory class. Lookin closer, however, it's no longer that clear. How does Moira know about the various Amiga components such as the memory? These objects are not part of the Moira class. Well, the answer is they are, because in vAmiga we use a slightly modified Moira class. In fact, the class is declared as follows:
class Moira : public SubComponent {
 ...
}
As you can see, Moira inherits from the SubComponent class which is the base class of most Amiga components. One important purpose of the SubComponent class is to provide convinient access to all other components of the virtual Amiga. This is done by declaring a number of references that are initialized in the constructor:
class SubComponent : public AmigaComponent {
protected:
 Agnus &agnus;
 Amiga &amiga;
 Blitter &blitter;
 ...
 Memory &mem;
 ...
};
Here we go. The mem object is inherited from the SubComponent class and allows any Moira function to access Amiga memory.
Side note: If you spot a violation of the loose coupling principle here, please remember that we are talking about an emulator which a very special kind of software in various ways. The Amiga is a very tightly coupled system, and we wouldn't do ourselves any good if we tried to emulate it with a loosely coupled software system.
$$$
Creating a run loop#
Last but not least, let's take a closer look at where vAmiga executes the CPU, i.e. where it calls Moira's execution function. As you may have noticed, the Amiga class inherits from the Thread class, which provides capabilities for concurrent code execution. Whenever an instance of the Amiga class is created, an emulator thread is spawned automatically.
Amiga::Amiga()
{
 ...
 // Start the thread and enter the main function
 thread = std::thread(&Thread::main, this);
 ...
}
Inside the function main one of the following functions is executed, depending on the operating mode of the thread:
 - execute<SyncMode::Periodic>();
 - execute<SyncMode::Pulsed>();
Both functions call the execute function which is implemented inside the Amiga class. This function is one of the most prominent, since it implements the emulator's run loop. It is structures as follows:
void
Amiga::execute()
{
 while (1) {

 // Emulate the next CPU instruction
 cpu.execute();
 // Check if special action needs to be taken
 if (flags) {
 ...
 if (flags & RL::BREAKPOINT_REACHED) {
 ...
 auto addr = isize(cpu.debugger.breakpoints.hit->addr);
 msgQueue.put(MSG_BREAKPOINT_REACHED, addr);
 newState = EXEC_PAUSED;
 break;
 }
 ...
 }
 }
}
We are finally there. Right at the beginning of the body of the while loop is the place where Moira's execution function is called. Variable flags is used to trigger special actions inside the run loop. E.g., when Moira reaches a breakpoint, a dedicated bit in variable flags is set. The bits are checked inside the run loop and trigger special actions if it is set. In case of the breakpoint flag, vAmiga first performs some actions which are not important here. After that, it notifies the GUI by sending a MSG_BREAKPOINT_REACHED message. Finally, it puts the thread into paused state and exits the run loop.


I'm designing a sandwich and I want to include a fruit relish as a topping. Are there methods that don't include pickling?
Fruit relishes (including salsas, chutneys, and plain sauces like applesauce) can be made without vinegar. But they almost always include some extra acid - if not vinegar, then usually citrus juice.
The acidity balances the sweetness of the fruit, and it preserves the color.
So you can make a fruit relish, substitute lemon or lime juice for the vinegar, and use it. But of course, without a full pickling process, the fruit relish will only have a limited life in the refrigerator.
Your Answer


text:
A pentagram was an ancient symbol of the occult. It was usually represented by a five-pointed star encircled by a continuous ring. This could be displayed one point upwards, or two points upwards, depending on its use.
Spock drew a pentagram, which he referred to a "mystic symbol", as he attempted to toy with the art of magic. While standing inside the pentagram, he successfully moved a Vulcan chess piece with his newfound "powers."


text:
Both「目的」and「目標」have a common meaning which is "goal", but what is the difference?
When can we use one but not the other?
I would think of a basic example.
I want to become better at shooting the basketball. => 目的
I think 目的 is a high level image, global image of a goal. 目標 is more achievement like low level goal, usual can be quantified and explicit that will define the concrete steps to the 目的.
I think it boils down to the difference in English between "purpose" and "goal". A goal is something finite you hope to achieve. A purpose is like a motivation for why you do something. Often they will overlap, but not always. Having a finite goal kind of implies that you have a motivation. However, the converse -- having a motivation implies you have a finite goal -- is not necessarily true.
So the same with the Japanese words. If you have a
That's how I see them anyway.


text:
Sensory accountability – data beyond the symbolic sandbox
Dietmar Offenhuber Associate Professor, Northeastern University
The methods of data driven urbanism are bound to the limits of symbolic representation - they can only begin when data already exist. As a result, data remain largely silent about the conditions and controversies around their creation and are disconnected from the phenomena they describe. Especially when discourses around pollution and environmental justice depend on data sets and computational models, they are frequently subject to questions of truthfulness, authority, and hidden biases. Under the notion of sensory accountability, I will discuss emerging visual and evidentiary practices that respond to these questions by identifying, revealing, and presenting physical traces of invisible phenomena - as a data source, but also to make the process of data collection accountable and the resulting models verifiable through the human senses.
The Lectures in Planning Series (LiPS) is an initiative of the Urban Planning program at Columbia University's Graduate School of Architecture, Planning and Preservation.


My Archive My Future:
my archives-my future
In order to promote the culture of archiving, documentation and preservation of personal possessions among young people at different academic levels, the National Archives launched a nationwide campaign entitled "My Archive My Future". The campaign aims at introducing students to the methods of archiving and documentation of personal credentials in a systemic and modern manner that will enable students to preserve their official and personal possessions using safer and easier modern methods.
Objectives of "My Archive My Future" Project:
 - To promote awareness among students of the value of Emirati identity, documents and heritage as well as the value of pictures and valuable items that are part of the history of the UAE and its culture.
 - To motivate students to value a sense of national and social responsibility and to ensure that these values are transferred to future generations.
 - To promote student awareness of the importance of documents that are not simply pieces of paper but which can be proud fingerprints belonging to the UAE.
 - To educate students from early childhood of the importance of properly archiving their own certificates for future jobs and the need to save them from damage and loss for when they are needed.
 - To promote to students that they are the link between the National Archives and their family and the need for them to be an effective catalyst to ensure their family's history is kept alive.
Activities of "My Archive My Future" Project:
- Organizing "My Archive My Future" Campaign: to promote the culture of preserving personal archives, including various aspects and photographs of the student's life, such as academic certificates and reports, important newsletters and press releases, identification papers and health cards.
- Organizing the "Educational Archive" Competition: to encourage students to participate in interactive competitions, which will ensure their continuous participation in transferring archival knowledge in the educational sector. Awards will be conferred in the following categories:
- The best personal archive award.
- The best school archive award.
- The best archival material award.
Target group:
School and university students in the UAE.


text:
Unusual 'Cold Air Funnel' Spotted Between Wright and Newcastle [VIDEO]
Here's something you don't see every day. Photographer Trish Gregory captured these images of a cold-air funnel Sunday along Highway 450 between Newcastle and Wright, about five miles east of School Creek Road.
Day Weather Meteorologist Don Day says cold-air funnels, which occur in the colder seasons of spring and fall, happen more often than we think but because they don't last long they're harder to spot.
"Anytime you get a shower or a thunderstorm there's always some type of circulation going on, counter clock-wise," Day explained, "and you'll have in these moist spring environments a weak shower or a thunderstorm, to where you actually have enough moisture between the ground and the base of the cloud to show these spinning motions."
Day said they look a lot like tornadoes but occur during the colder seasons. "You get a column of spinning moist air that actually drops from the base of the cloud. What's different about a cold air funnel as compared to a tornado is that there's much more structure above the base of the cloud, a lot more rotation, a lot more strength that can spin up a tornado.
"A cold air funnel could cause some gusty winds, move things around a little bit, but they tend to be very short-lived but they can take on the shape of a funnel cloud or tornado."


Main Content
Bulk-Write CSV Data
Write many entries to channel in CSV format with single HTTP POST
Description
To conserve device power or group channel updates, you can use the bulk-update API. When using the bulk-update API, you collect data over time, and then upload the data to ThingSpeak™. To write data in JSON format, see Bulk-Write JSON Data. To write a single entry, see Write Data.
Note
If you set the React app with the Test Frequency set to On Data Insertion, your React is triggered only once per bulk-write request when the Condition Type matches the Condition, even if the Condition is matched more than once.
Request
HTTP Method
POST
URL
_URL_
URL Parameters
NameDescription
<channel_id>
(Required) Channel ID for the channel of interest.
URL example:_URL_
Content-Type
application/x-www-form-urlencoded
Body Parameters
NameDescriptionValue Type
write_api_key
(Required) Specify Write API Key for this specific channel. The Write API Key is on the API Keys tab of the channel view.
string
time_format
(Required) Specify absolute time of the event with time_format=absolute or time between measurements with time_format=relative.
string absolute or relative
updates
Bulk data to post to channel. Separate successive entries with a pipe character (|). Start each update with an absolute datetime or number of seconds. Separate successive fields with a comma
See Update Parameters.
Update Parameters
The update contains the data to post to your channel. The parameters appear sequentially in each update in the order shown in the table. Only one of the time specifications appears in each update.
NameDescriptionValue-Type
timestamp
(Required) If time_format=absolute, specify datetime in ISO 8601, EPOCH, or MYSQL formats. If time_format=relative, specify seconds elapsed since last entry. The timestamp must be unique within channel.
datetime or integer
field<X> data
(Required) Field X data, where X is the field ID
any
latitude
(Required) Latitude in degrees, specified as a value between -90 and 90.
decimal
longitude
(Required) Longitude in degrees, specified as a value between -180 and 180.
decimal
elevation
(Required) Elevation in meters
integer
status(Required) Message for status field entrystring
Body Format
Each CSV bulk write contains a Write API key and a time format specification. Each bulk write can contain multiple updates. Separate successive entries with a pipe character (|). Provide data or a blank entry for each sequential parameter up to the last parameter with valid data.
write_api_key=WRITE_API_KEY&time_format=TIME_FORMAT&updates=TIMESTAMP,FIELD1_VALUE,FIELD2_VALUE,FIELD3_VALUE,FIELD4_VALUE,FIELD5_VALUE,FIELD6_VALUE,FIELD7_VALUE,FIELD8_VALUE,LATITUDE,LONGITUDE,ELEVATION,STATUS | DATETIME_STAMP_OR_SECONDS_FROM_LAST_ENTRY,FIELD1_VALUE,FIELD2_VALUE,FIELD3_VALUE,FIELD4_VALUE,FIELD5_VALUE,FIELD6_VALUE,FIELD7_VALUE,FIELD8_VALUE,LATITUDE,LONGITUDE,ELEVATION,STATUS
Specify Absolute Time Format
write_api_key=XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX&time_format=absolute&updates=2018-06-14T12:12:22-0500,1,,3,0.4,1.5,1.6,,1.8,40.0,5.4,0,wet|2018-01-30T10:26:23-0500,1.2,2.3,3,4,5,6,7,8,42.0,0.5,50,falling
Specify Relative Time Format
write_api_key=XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX&time_format=relative&updates=4,1.1,2,0.3,,,6,7.7,0.8,41.2,19.5,100,ok|3,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,41.2,25.1,110,rising
Response
Success
HTTP Status Code
200 OK
Body
The response is a JSON object indicating success:
{
 "success": true
}
Error
For the full list, see Error Codes.
Limitations
 - The number of messages in a single bulk-update is limited to 960 messages for users of free accounts and 14,400 messages for users of paid accounts. The time interval between sequential bulk-update calls must be 15 seconds or more.
 - MQTT subscriptions do not report updates to the channel from bulk-write operations.
 - All updates must use same time format.
 - All timestamps must be unique. If you submit duplicate timestamps, all of your updates are rejected, otherwise only updates with timestamps already in channel are rejected.
Examples
expand all
You can configure POSTMAN to try RESTful API calls. To send an HTTP POST request to bulk-update a channel feed using a CSV formatted data, configure POSTMAN.
 1. Select POST from the drop-down list of HTTP verbs.
 2. Enter the URL, changing <channel_id> to your channel ID.
 _URL_
 3. Select x-www-form-urlencoded.
 4. Enter write_api_key in the Key section, and enter the Write API Key for your channel in the value section.
 5. Enter time_format in the Key section, and enter relative in the value section.
 6. Enter updates in the Key section and then enter 0,2,,,,,,,,,,,|2,2,,,,,,,,,,,|1,16,,,,,,,,,,,|2,2,,,,,,,,,,,|5,164,,,,,,,,,,,|1,22,,,,,,,,,,,|3,116,,,,,,,,,,,|
 in the value section. Use a comma for each blank entry.
 7. Send the request.
The response to the request is a JSON object indicating success.
{
 "success": true
}
The six values posted in one call to the channel at 19:07:20 are shown in the plot. The last entry has the timestamp for the time when the request was submitted. Each update in the request with relative timestamps is decremented backwards in time from the last entry.
For devices with a built-in real-time clock, you can provide a relative timestamp for each entry. Specifytime_format=relative. Each entry starts with the time in seconds from the previous measurement.
POST /channels/266256/bulk_update.csv HTTP/1.1
Host: api.thingspeak.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
time_format: relative
write_api_key=JNWIVP3CD54ZGI9X&time_format=absolute&updates=2018-01-30T10%3A26%3A2-0500%2C2%2C%2C%2C%2C%2C%2C%2C%2C%2C%2C%2C%7C2018-01-30+10%3A26%3A23-0500%2C2%2C%2C%2C%2C%2C%2C%2C%2C%2C%2C%2C%7C2018-01-31+10%3A27%3A2-0500%2C16%2C%2C%2C%2C%2C%2C%2C%2C%2C%2C%2C%7C2018-01-31+11%3A26%3A32-0500%2C2%2C%2C%2C%2C%2C%2C%2C%2C%2C%2C%2C%7C2018-01-31+11%3A27%3A22-0500%2C164%2C%2C%2C%2C%2C%2C%2C%2C%2C%2C%2C
The message must be URL encoded. %2C and %7C represent URL encoding characters for "," and "|" respectively.
The response to the request is a JSON object indicating success.
{
 "success": true
}
The six values posted in one call to the channel at 18:05:37 are shown in the plot.