text:
Start by building one of the layouts pictured on the box. Watch your marbles navigate the blocks, spiral gutters, spiral twist and other features as they race down to the catcher. Now use your imagination to build your own fantastic marble runs!
- Marble-run construction toy made with durable wood and non-toxic, water-based paints
- Includes 14 distributor blocks, 3 curve rails, a straight rail, a spiral twist, 8 height adjusters, 4 stabilizer rings, 6 accelerators, 2 hole shutters, 50 marbles, 2 small and one large spiral gutters, and one catcher
- Spiral gutters create more run-time and bring you closer to the action
- Catcher makes it easy to collect marbles at the end of run
- Endless possibilities for reconfiguring the layout. See enclosed guidebook
- German-engineered design inspired by Da Vinci Circle.
- Helps to develop spatial thinking and an understanding of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) principles
- Praised by the Wall Street Journal as the perfect toy for teaching children how to code
- Compatible with all Hape Quadrilla sets
- For ages 4+


text:
Nurturing young nature champions in N.B.
Nature NB's Nature Champions Program aims not only to protect the natural habitat of birds, butterflies and other pollinators, but also to address "nature deficit disorder in youth," says Vanessa Roy-McDougall, Executive Director, Nature NB.
Funded by TD FEF, in 2014, the program offered 180 students aged 8 to 16 the opportunity to help build 27 bird and bat houses and three native bird and pollinator gardens at the Lincoln Elementary Community School in Lincoln, N.B., and Barker's Point School and the Hyla Nature Preserve in Fredericton.
The wildlife structures provide shelter for birds and bats, while the gardens offer food and nesting sites for pollinating bees, butterflies and birds (for more on the importance of pollination, read our blog on "Pollinator Power"
"By directly involving youth in the process, it will be giving them the opportunity to get outside and involved in their natural environment… [creating] a more ecologically aware generation," says Roy-McDougall.
For 25 years, TD Friends of the Environment Foundation has worked to help protect the environment and green communities across Canada. By donating to TD FEF, you're directly supporting projects that make a difference in your community.
TD Friends of the Environment Foundation – BN/Registration Number: 133702845RR0001
*Standard wireless carrier message and data rates may apply. All charges are billed by and payable to your mobile service provider.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


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Xamarin.Forms Text Input Layout or Label Entry is a container control that allows you add a floating label, a password toggle icon to show or hide passwords, leading and trailing icons, and assistive labels such as error messages and help text on top of input controls.
Supported input controls
Enhance the appearance of the Syncfusion NumericUpDown, Numeric Entry, Masked Entry, Autocomplete and ComboBox controls; the Xamarin.Forms framework's Entry and Editor; and even the entry and editor controls in Xamarin.Forms for WPF. Add assistive labels and icons to those input views by just wrapping the entry and input views with the Text Input Layout control.
Container types
 - Filled: The background of the input view will be filled with the container color, and the baseline stroke and thickness will be changed based on the state of the input view.
 - Outlined: The container will be framed with a rounded border.
 - None: The container will have an empty background and space around it.
Shows the container type in Xamarin.Forms Entry with floating labels.
Indicate the focused, unfocused, error, and disabled states of the control.
Shows the Xamarin.Forms floating label states focused, unfocused, error, and disabled.
Password visibility toggling
Enable the password toggle icon to show or hide a password interactively.
Shows password visibility toggling icon in Xamarin.Forms Entry control.
Assistive labels
Assistive labels provide more information about the input text.
Shows hints or floating labels in Xamarin.Forms Entry, Masked Entry, Numeric Entry, and Editor controls.
Floating labels and hints
Avoid additional labels by adding hint text, giving the input view more space. The hint text moves from the middle to the top to show a floating label when the input becomes active.
Shows helper text in Xamarin.Forms Entry, Masked Entry, Numeric Entry, and Editor controls.
Helper text
The helper text provides additional information about the text to be entered.
Shows error text in Xamarin.Forms Entry, Masked Entry, Numeric Entry, and Editor controls.
Error text
Displaying error text can assist in solving validation errors.
Shows character count in Xamarin.Forms Entry, Masked Entry, Numeric Entry, and Editor controls.
Character count
The maximum number of characters that can be entered in the text field can be displayed.
Leading and trailing icons
Add a leading icon to indicate the input type, such as birth date, phone number, or password. Use a trailing icon to add a clear button, error icon, voice input icon, or drop-down icon.
Shows leading and trailing icons in Xamarin.Forms Entry, Masked Entry, Numeric Entry, and Editor controls.
Apply appealing colors to all the elements of the Text Input Layout control to match your app theme.
Customize the colors of the container, focused, unfocused, and error states.
Custom fonts
Customize the font family, font size, and font attributes for the hint text, error text, helper text, and counter label.
Customize the font for the Text Input Layout.
Customize the padding around the input view.
Customize the padding for input view.
Render the control in the right-to-left direction for the required languages.
RTL support for Text Input Layout.
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text:
The inner test...to see within and find only bad
What is normal guilt?
It is appropriate for a human to feel a measure of guilt for wrongdoing. This is proof of a functioning conscience. The person is able to understand and appreciate his accountability for his actions. The happiness for doing something good and the guilt for doing something wrong are both moral indicators, which are a part of the makeup of humans. It is a dangerous thing to be unable to feel any remorse or guilt. The guilt that is in proportion to the wrongfulness of an act is normal. Bipolar disorder distorts perceptions. It plays cruelly with the feelings of those ailing from this disease. It measures out to the sufferer what is unjust. That is the reason why, it is so common to see inordinate or unwarranted guilt feelings in bipolar disorder.
What is guilt in bipolar disorder?
- It doesn't need a basis in reality. Once triggered it can continue to gain mass and momentum.
- Flawed perceptions and faulty neuro-chemistry make it nearly impossible to be objective.
- Guilt feelings in bipolar disorder are allayed, as the patient starts responding well to medication. The other part is definitely about cognitive training (learning to correct faulty thinking), and support from caregivers.
This post is an elaboration of the previous post, The role of expectations in unjustified guilt feelings.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Forest of Neldoreth
The Forest of Neldoreth was the beech-forest that lay between the banks of the Esgalduin River and the Mindeb River that formed the northern and lesser part of the Kingdom of Doriath. It was in the Forest of Neldoreth that Lúthien was born and later these woods were part of the enclosure called the "Girdle of Melian".
It was under the trees of Neldoreth that Beren first beheld Lúthien dancing in the moonlight. Later, when Sauron had cast Beren into a pit and Lúthien resolved to rescue him, Thingol had her imprisoned in a house built high in the branches of the highest tree of the forest, called Hírilorn.
When Treebeard was carrying Merry and Pippin to Wellinghall he chanted to them about walking in the woods of the First Age. He recalled coming to Neldoreth in Autumn and enjoying the gold and red and sighing leaves of Taur-na-neldor (an alternate name for the forest).
- ↑ J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), The Silmarillion, "Map of Beleriand and the Lands to the North"
- ↑ J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), The Silmarillion, "Quenta Silmarillion: Of the Sindar"
- ↑ J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), The Silmarillion, "Quenta Silmarillion: Of Beren and Lúthien"
- ↑ J.R.R. Tolkien, The Lord of the Rings, The Two Towers, "Treebeard"


text:
Date of this Version
The use of diversionary food is an ecological method to reduce feeding damage by wildlife to forest and agricultural crops. The red squirrel (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) feeds on the vascular tissues of young lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia) and this damage is particularly severe in intensively managed stands. Aerial application of sunflower seed on an operational scale significantly reduced damage by squirrels. This result was achieved in three different ecological zones in the interior of British Columbia, Canada. The food shortage apparently experienced by these rodents during the May-June damage period can be accommodated by an artificial food source such as sunflower seeds. Cost of this operational program is $0-$45/ha and is a worthwhile expense even if required annually for 5-10 years to protect the $2,000+/ha invested in intensively managed pine stands. Adaptation of this technique is discussed with respect to understanding the sociological aspects essential to successful application of research results.


text:
Morgantown, city (1990 pop. 25,879), seat of Monongalia co., N W.Va., near the Pa. line, on the Monongahela River; inc. 1785. A shipping point for a coal and limestone region, it also has glass, chemical, office furniture, mining equipment, and pharmaceutical industries. Fort Morgan was built there in 1772, and the first settlers arrived the same year. Iron, discovered in 1789, was the principal industry until the Civil War. The city is the seat of West Virginia Univ., which has two main campuses in town.
The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved.
More on Morgantown from Infoplease:
See more Encyclopedia articles on: U.S. Political Geography


Mall Mania
Time Limit: 1 s Memory Limit: 128 MB
Submission：2 AC：0 Score：99.98
Waterloo has two giant shopping malls, each enclosing several city blocks. Kim and Pat like to shop and to walk within the malls but they don't like walking between the malls because such walking does not contribute directly to the task at hand: shopping. They would therefore like to know the minimum crossing distance between the malls.
Each city block is a unit square delimited by streets and avenues. Streets run east-west and avenues run north-south. Both are identified by consecutive integers between 0 and 2000. (Lower numbered avenues are west of higher numbered avenues and lower numbered streets are south of higher numbered streets.) Streets and avenues are narrow so their thickness may be assumed to be 0.
Standard input contains several test cases. Each test case contains the description of the two malls. Each mall's description consists of an integer p ≥ 4, the perimeter of the mall, followed by one or more lines containing p pairs (a,s) giving the coordinates of the avenue-street intersections contained in the perimeter, in clockwise order. A line containing 0 follows the last test case.
For each case, output a single integer d -- the minimum walking distance between the malls, assuming that Kim and Pat always walk along streets and avenues.
4 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 6 4 3 4 2 3 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 0


diff mbox series
[RERESEND,v9,3/9] fs: add RWF_ENCODED for reading/writing compressed data
Message ID _EMAIL_ (mailing list archive)
State New
Headers show
Series fs: interface for directly reading/writing compressed data | expand
Commit Message
Omar Sandoval May 17, 2021, 6:35 p.m. UTC
From: Omar Sandoval <_EMAIL_>
Btrfs supports transparent compression: data written by the user can be
compressed when written to disk and decompressed when read back.
However, we'd like to add an interface to write pre-compressed data
directly to the filesystem, and the matching interface to read
compressed data without decompressing it. This adds support for
so-called "encoded I/O" via preadv2() and pwritev2().
A new RWF_ENCODED flags indicates that a read or write is "encoded". If
this flag is set, iov[0].iov_base points to a struct encoded_iov which
is used for metadata: namely, the compression algorithm, unencoded
(i.e., decompressed) length, and what subrange of the unencoded data
should be used (needed for truncated or hole-punched extents and when
reading in the middle of an extent). For reads, the filesystem returns
this information; for writes, the caller provides it to the filesystem.
iov[0].iov_len must be set to sizeof(struct encoded_iov), which can be
used to extend the interface in the future a la copy_struct_from_user().
The remaining iovecs contain the encoded extent.
This adds the VFS helpers for supporting encoded I/O and documentation.
Reviewed-by: Josef Bacik <_EMAIL_>
Signed-off-by: Omar Sandoval <_EMAIL_>
---
 Documentation/filesystems/encoded_io.rst | 240 +++++++++++++++++++++++
 Documentation/filesystems/index.rst | 1 +
 fs/read_write.c | 168 ++++++++++++++--
 include/linux/encoded_io.h | 17 ++
 include/linux/fs.h | 13 ++
 include/uapi/linux/encoded_io.h | 30 +++
 include/uapi/linux/fs.h | 5 +-
 7 files changed, 460 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 Documentation/filesystems/encoded_io.rst
 create mode 100644 include/linux/encoded_io.h
 create mode 100644 include/uapi/linux/encoded_io.h
diff mbox series
Patch
diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/encoded_io.rst b/Documentation/filesystems/encoded_io.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..38f1dc940331
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/filesystems/encoded_io.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,240 @@
+===========
+Encoded I/O
+===========
+
+Several filesystems (e.g., Btrfs) support transparent encoding (e.g.,
+compression, encryption) of data on disk: written data is encoded by the kernel
+before it is written to disk, and read data is decoded before being returned to
+the user. In some cases, it is useful to skip this encoding step. For example,
+the user may want to read the compressed contents of a file or write
+pre-compressed data directly to a file. This is referred to as "encoded I/O".
+
+User API
+========
+
+Encoded I/O is specified with the ''RWF_ENCODED'' flag to ''preadv2()'' and
+''pwritev2()''. If ''RWF_ENCODED'' is specified, then ''iov[0].iov_base''
+points to an ''encoded_iov'' structure, defined in ''<linux/encoded_io.h>''
+as::
+
+ struct encoded_iov {
+ __aligned_u64 len;
+ __aligned_u64 unencoded_len;
+ __aligned_u64 unencoded_offset;
+ __u32 compression;
+ __u32 encryption;
+ };
+
+This may be extended in the future, so ''iov[0].iov_len'' must be set to
+''sizeof(struct encoded_iov)'' for forward/backward compatibility. The
+remaining buffers contain the encoded data.
+
+''compression'' and ''encryption'' are the encoding fields. ''compression'' is
+''ENCODED_IOV_COMPRESSION_NONE'' (zero) or a filesystem-specific
+''ENCODED_IOV_COMPRESSION_*'' constant; see 'Filesystem support'_ below.
+''encryption'' is currently always ''ENCODED_IOV_ENCRYPTION_NONE'' (zero).
+
+''unencoded_len'' is the length of the unencoded (i.e., decrypted and
+decompressed) data. ''unencoded_offset'' is the offset from the first byte of
+the unencoded data to the first byte of logical data in the file (less than or
+equal to ''unencoded_len''). ''len'' is the length of the data in the file
+(less than or equal to ''unencoded_len - unencoded_offset''). See 'Extent
+layout'_ below for some examples.
+
+If the unencoded data is actually longer than ''unencoded_len'', then it is
+truncated; if it is shorter, then it is extended with zeroes.
+
+''pwritev2()'' uses the metadata specified in ''iov[0]'', writes the encoded
+data from the remaining buffers, and returns the number of encoded bytes
+written (that is, the sum of ''iov[n].iov_len for 1 <= n < iovcnt''; partial
+writes will not occur). At least one encoding field must be non-zero. Note that
+the encoded data is not validated when it is written; if it is not valid (e.g.,
+it cannot be decompressed), then a subsequent read may return an error. If the
+offset argument to ''pwritev2()'' is -1, then the file offset is incremented by
+''len''. If ''iov[0].iov_len'' is less than ''sizeof(struct encoded_iov)'' in
+the kernel, then any fields unknown to user space are treated as if they were
+zero; if it is greater and any fields unknown to the kernel are non-zero, then
+''pwritev2()'' returns -1 and sets errno to ''E2BIG''.
+
+''preadv2()'' populates the metadata in ''iov[0]'', the encoded data in the
+remaining buffers, and returns the number of encoded bytes read. This will only
+return one extent per call. This can also read data which is not encoded; all
+encoding fields will be zero in that case. If the offset argument to
+''preadv2()'' is -1, then the file offset is incremented by ''len''. If
+''iov[0].iov_len'' is less than ''sizeof(struct encoded_iov)'' in the kernel
+and any fields unknown to user space are non-zero, then ''preadv2()'' returns
+-1 and sets errno to ''E2BIG''; if it is greater, then any fields unknown to
+the kernel are returned as zero. If the provided buffers are not large enough
+to return an entire encoded extent, then ''preadv2()'' returns -1 and sets
+errno to ''ENOBUFS''.
+
+As the filesystem page cache typically contains decoded data, encoded I/O
+bypasses the page cache.
+
+Extent layout
+-------------
+
+By using ''len'', ''unencoded_len'', and ''unencoded_offset'', it is


when it has priority. After retirements, Manifests have been marked for deletion, Garbage Collection is required. Starting with v1.6, NetVault SmartDisk also recognizes that Garbage Collection counting work is required after any deduplications have completed — new Manifests have been added.
After all deduplications have completed, NetVault SmartDisk waits for five minutes — the default Inactivity Timeout of 300 seconds — before starting Garbage Collection. This delay prevents Garbage Collection from starting and getting interrupted almost immediately, which would clutter the logs. However, it also means that NetVault SmartDisk is not performing work during that time, unless it is receiving backups. Therefore, it is important to the overall deduplication throughput that the Garbage Collection window is not longer than it must be.
Extending NetVault SmartDisk Storage Pools
You can extend NetVault SmartDisk physical capacity by adding or updating the volumes specified for the NetVault SmartDisk Storage Pools. To extend the NetVault SmartDisk physical capacity, use the config ‑‑add|‑‑update ‑‑volume <path> command. You can also use the following additional parameters:
‑‑volume <path>
Specifies the path for the file-system path of the volume to be used as a NetVault SmartDisk Storage Pool. You can specify local drives or Universal Naming Convention (UNC) paths for Common Internet File System (CIFS), Network File System (NFS), and Storage Area Network (SAN). If the volume is on a mounted file system, verify that the specified path is a valid subdirectory on the mounted file system, and not the mounted directory itself. This path ensures that data is not written to the local directory if the mounted location is unavailable.
[‑‑volume-size <%>]
Specifies the percentage of the volume that NetVault SmartDisk can use; the remainder cannot be used by NetVault SmartDisk.
The value of ((100 - X) / 100) * (total volume size) is added to the Last Resort Threshold (LRT). In addition, a small amount of storage is reserved to complete Garbage Collection. These three components of reserved storage determine the total storage set aside that cannot be directly used by NetVault SmartDisk.
For example, if volume-size is set to 30 and the volume's size is 100 GB, 70 GB is set aside — in addition to the LRT and Garbage Collection reserve space — and NetVault SmartDisk cannot use it.
[‑‑dedupe-cap <Unlimited|cap>]
Specifies the maximum number of backup segments for the specific volume that can be deduplicated simultaneously. Defaults to 4.
[‑‑pool <label>]
Specifies the Label assigned to the Storage Pool. Defaults to a system-generated numeric label. To add the volume to an existing Storage Pool, specify an existing Storage Pool label. To create a Storage Pool, specify a new name.
[‑‑reservation-size <bytes>]
Specifies the number of bytes reserved by the processes streaming data into NetVault SmartDisk. A smaller size results in NetVault SmartDisk having to reserve space more frequently; a larger size renders more disk space temporarily unavailable. If the Space.Available — reported through the show option — is less than the reservation-size, the volume is considered FULL.
[‑‑favour <Staging|Storage|"Chunk Index"|"Disk Index"|All|None>]…
Specifies which Storage Pool Roles the volume is available to perform. To specify multiple roles, list the ‑‑favour parameter multiple times. For example:
Use with ‑‑deny to dedicate a volume to one or more roles.
[‑‑deny <Staging|Storage|"Chunk Index"|"Disk Index"|All|None>]…
Specifies which Storage Pool Roles the volume is not available to perform. To specify multiple roles, list the ‑‑deny parameter multiple times.
For example:
Use with ‑‑favour to dedicate a volume to one or more roles.
[‑‑balancing <Space|Activity|None>]
Instructs NetVault SmartDisk to use the volume with either the most space available or the least activity occurring. If used with ‑‑favour and ‑‑deny, ‑‑balancing is applied last.
NOTE: The --balancing parameter provides guidance to NetVault SmartDisk; the NetVault SmartDisk Disk Manager and Deduplicator make the final decision about how to allocate space.
[‑‑account <UNC-path-account>]
Required for Windows platform when specifying UNC paths. Specifies the user account with read and write permissions to the UNC path.
[‑‑password <UNC-path-password>]
Required for Windows platform when specifying UNC paths. Specifies the password for the user account with read and write permissions to the UNC path. This password is case-sensitive.
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text: The highly efficient balanced Steady-State Free Precession (bSSFP) sequence has many research and clinical applications. However, it has a peculiar sensitivity to magnetic field inhomogeneity, often resulting in artifacts seen as dark bands. Phase-cycling can generate multiple acquisitions in which the banding is spatially shifted, and subsequently reduced by various algorithms. With 4 acquisitions and an elliptical signal model, it is possible to eliminate the banding by solving the system geometrically, algebraically, or in a combined manner for improved SNR. This work reports a Fourier approach that can effectively reduce the banding using only 3 acquisitions.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Sahera Khan is Muslim, Deaf and British South Asian, her native language is British Sign Language. She lives in London and is a freelance writer/creator, artist/actress, filmmaker and YouTuber.
Sahera's first breakthrough professional performance was at the Victoria and Albert Museum in a pop-up performance The Fruit and Vegetable Olympics in Spring 2019. She is a member of 1623 Theatre Company and is a trustee and Media Relations Officer for the Deaf Ethnic Women's Association, supporting D/deaf Ethnic women and girls to achieve better quality of life, rights, education and employment. She also does occasional support work with D/deaf children.
We talk to Sahera about her journey into the creative industries, how the creative sector can be more accessible and how her faith influences her creative practice.
You have a multiplicity of creative skills including writing, acting and filmmaking. How did you develop a career in the creative sector?
My creativity was learnt through education, as I joined short courses to develop my writing which then went onto writing my own stories which I thoroughly enjoy. I wrote nine kindle books and my short film 'He Stood Me Up' for BSL Zone and was commissioned. This then led me into acting and filmmaking, which I had developed through short courses and workshops. This experience built my confidence and my creative skills, however, I am still learning and attending some courses, workshops and researching information.
As a Muslim, Deaf and British South Asian woman, how does your identity affect your creative practice?
My identity is very important such as my religion and being deaf, of course there are some barriers being deaf within my creative practice. Such as accessing hearing creative industries. For example I need British Sign Language Interpreter, it is also rare to find Muslim roles for the stage or screen.
Your native language is British Sign Language, do you feel the arts and cultural sector accommodate people who are deaf or does more need to be done in terms of access and inclusion?
Yes and no. It really depends on whether organisations can offer access and inclusion including paying for BSL Interpreters. I feel it is important everyone is included; diversity should be both accessible and inclusive in the creative sector.
How does your faith as a Muslim influence your creative practice?
My faith is important to me, my writing, acting and videos relate to my faith. I have written and performed a short play 'Am I Dulhan Yet?' and I adapted a storytelling piece 'The Cockerel and the Fox' which explore my identity through faith. My faith influences me to allow creativity in my stories and experience.
What do you enjoy most, writing, acting and filmmaking and why?
I enjoy acting the most, because when I was young I always want to be actor. As I matured and understood the entertainment industry and arts cultural sector better, I realised it could relate to my faith. I like to read the scripts, filmed, meeting new people and I liked to see my face on a variation of screens.
You recently premiered your new show No Words, No Safety about Deaf and Disabled women's safety. What do you hope the audience gains from the show?
I hope the audience understood that my work as a BSL performer was relevant to recent events taken place in the United Kingdom. I hope it impacted women about their safety and to escape from dangerous situations such as domestic violence.
What is the most memorable moment of your career so far?
My most memorable moment of my career was 'Throwaways' (on stage) from Lambert Jackson production. It was an amazing and high profile production with performers from the West End.
As a volunteer trustee and Media Relations Officer for the Deaf Ethnic Women's Association, you support D/deaf Ethnic women and girls to achieve better quality of life, rights, education and employment. Why is this important to you?
Deaf Ethnic Women's Association (DEWA) is a campaign to support deaf women and their rights, it is important to me to support DEWA and supporting women. This is a very unique organisation and rare. Through my support, I have also learnt about DEWA and receive regular updates and training, including how we support, how to apply for grants. Through my role, I have learnt about different issues such as forced marriage, mental health and isolation.
What does the future of Islamic arts and culture look like to you? What are the opportunities and potential?
Inshallah, I would like to see more Muslim creative's in arts and culture; theatres, TV and films, also to stop the negative portrayal of Muslims on film. I would like to see Deaf Muslim artists and hearing Muslim artist's integrate and also encourage hearing artists to learn British Sign Language and Deaf Awareness. Finally, potentially create a platform for Muslim Creative's Directory over the world for opportunities to network and more.
For more information check out _URL_
The views of the artists, authors and writers who contribute to Bayt Al Fann do not necessarily reflect the views and opinions of Bayt Al Fann, its owners, employees and affiliates.


Skip to main content
How to run downhill (safely...and fast)
running downhill
Running downhill should feel relaxed and flowing (Image credit: Getty Images)
We have all seen the top runners seemingly plummet effortlessly from the top of a mountain or hill to the base in no time at all. But how do they achieve such speed and look so relaxed?
When most people try to run downhill it feel slows, laborious, painful, and fraught with danger of tripping or slipping. But if you take part in races with hills and mountains, or you simply want to become more efficient when out for a long off-road run, learning to run fast downhill will be a big benefit.
The easier you can run downhill, the less taxing you will find the overall outing. Here are our expert tips to help you to be able to run more efficiently and smoothly downhill.
How to run faster downhill
Running downhill is good for you
It might feel like downhill running is painful and bad for your knees (see: Trail running injuries), but if you do it properly it can have benefits. Running down a slope should activate and engage stabilising muscles in and around the knee, which in turn will help to strengthen them. Stronger knees means more powerful running.
As well as physical advantages, there is a huge sense of freedom and joy that comes with being able to run more easily downhill and at speed.
Lean forwards
Your natural instinct when running downhill is to lean back because you usually feel the need to slow down and put on a bit of a brake. However, leaning forwards is the best method for more efficient running downhill and it means you will not overly tire muscles.
Try to think hard about relaxing and learning forwards as you go. A good tip is to aim to align your shoulders in front of you with your knees and you run downhill.
Stride out
It can be tempting to shorten your stride when running downhill but longer strides are what the top athletes do. You will cover more ground more quickly and it's easier to lean forward when taking longer steps.
Legs should be bent and you should try to push yourself forwards, leading with your chest, with each step, rather than letting gravity alone pull you down the hill.
More technical and steeper slopes will require a shorter, more accurate step to avoid injury so keep the long strides for the gentler gradients. Also watch how the experts take side steps, too, to maintain momentum and balance.
Land on your midfoot
The best runners head downhill with almost flat feet. It's not a good idea to hit the ground with your forefoot or your heel. Hitting the middle of the fort gives the greatest balance and bounce and the best control.
run downhill
Runners benefit fom learning how to run downhill faster and more efficiently (Image credit: Getty Images )
More tips for running downhill on trails
Use your arms
To maintain balance and to aid the forward motion, use your arms like mini windmills by your side. The aim is to do small, rounded movements with your hands and arms.
Look ahead
It is tempting to look at your feet the whole time, but you should be looking ahead and at least 10 metres/30 feet in front of you. If you do this your brain will be able to more easily assess what is coming on the trail or the hillside.
If you look down close to your feet you will be more likely to slough and this is not good for downhill speed. Look up and ahead.
Empty your mind
It's fear and anxiety that will slow you down on descents. Trust your body's capabilities and your instincts and simply let your worries go.
The right footwear
Running downhlll, especially on tracks, trails and hill paths requires the right trail running footwear. For more on this, check out our best mud running shoes and best trail running shoes, and our guide on how to choose trail running shoes
With practice, the fine art of running downhill at speed should come to you.
Fiona Russell


text: Purpose: A simple, precise, specific, and accurate High Performance Liquid Chromatographic (HPLC) and Ultraviolet (UV) spectrophotometer method was developed and validated for determination of Piroxicam (PRX) in pure and pharmaceutical dosage forms. Methods: The different analytical performance parameters such as linearity, accuracy, specificity, precision, and sensitivity (limit of detection and limit of quantification) were determined according to International Conference on Harmonization ICH Q2 (R1) guidelines. HPLC was conducted on Water Spherisorb® analytical column used having the dimension of 5 µm, 4.6*250mm. The mobile phase was consisting of buffer (containing 0.1 M potassium di hydrogen phosphate solution having pH 3.0) and acetonitrile (ACN) in the ratio 1:3 v/v, and the flow rate was maintained at 1.0 mL/min. PRX was monitored using Water Breeze 2 system equipped with photo diode array detector (λ = 333 nm) and also by UV spectrophotometer (λ = 333 nm) by Shimadzu UV 1800. Results: Linearity was observed in concentration range of 10–50 µg/mL by HPLC and 0-10 µg/mL by UV spectroscopy method. Correlation coefficient was found to be 0.9967 and 0.9962 respectively by HPLC and UV method. Linearity, accuracy, specificity, precision, and sensitivity (limit of detection and limit of quantification) were determined and value find within the range as specified by ICH guidelines. Conclusion: All the system suitability parameters were found within the range. The performed method is rapid, cost-effective and can be used as a quality-control tool for routine quantitative analysis of PRX in pure and pharmaceutical dosage forms.


Using the Tip Calculator
The tip calculator provides a simple way to allocate tips and add them to your payroll report.
To open the tip calculator, from the schedule, on the intended day, press Enter Tips
Entering time and tip amounts
 1. Enter the time span for the tip entry. NOTE: If you are synchronizing with a POS, select your 'day-part', and the time range will auto-populate.
 2. Enter Credit and Cash Tip Amounts. NOTE: If you are synchronizing with a POS, your Credit tips will auto-populate.
 3. Press Calculate
Make adjustments, Save, and Print
 1. Use the "Allocated" line to remove a percentage of the tip total (i.e. if a certain percentage of the total will go towards an entry in another department). In the example below, 10% of the tip amount is pulled from the present pool.
 2. Make any adjustments to Hours, or use the "Multiplier" fields to use a "Point" allocation. If you would like to exclusively use "Points" and disregard hours, then enter "1" into the hours fields.
 3. Press Save and/or Print to complete
NOTE: You may make multiple tip entries per day, and edit or delete entries.
NOTE: Employees' own tip amounts will be visible from their dashboard.
Set tips to carry into your Payroll Report
1. From the Gearwheel Menu, go to Settings
2. Scroll to Payroll Settings, and check Include Tips in Payroll
Set default Point Values for Roles
1. From the gearwheel menu go to Roles / Headings
2. Press the settings gearwheel next to a Role, and enter a default tip multiplier unique to the Role


Select string from array in objective c
Select string from array in objective c
Hi, I wanted to select a string from the database table in objective c. But somehow it is not working..can-you suggest anything regarding the fetch query in objective c? Thanks.
View Answers
June 11, 2011 at 1:12 PM
NSString * nric;
WHERE ic = %@;
NSString *query = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"SELECT ic, district, age, race, referralSource, DMRelatedAdmin, postalCode FROM patientInfo WHERE ic = %@" , nric];
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text:
Kabir (1440 - 1518) (also known as Kabira) was an Indian mystic who preached an ideal of seeing all of humanity as one. He was known to be a weaver and later became famed for scorning religious affiliation, seen as a threat to the elite. His philosophies and ideas of loving devotion to God are expressed in metaphor and language from both the Hindu Vedanta and Bhakti streams and Muslim Sufi ideals. Kabir is also considered one of the early northern India Sants. He was initiated by Ramananda..
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text: Background: Colon cancer is the second most common cancer in developed countries. Activated plateletsplay a key role in inflammation and atherothrombosis, with mean platelet volume (MPV) is an early markerof platelet activation. The aim of the study was to clarify the relevance of MPV in patients with colon cancer.Materials and Methods: We measured MPV levels in 128 patients with colon cancer before and after surgery,and 128 controls matched for age, gender, body mass index (BMI) and smoking status. The odds ratios (ORs) and95% confidence intervals (CIs) for colon cancer were calculated using multivariate logistic regression analysesacross MPV quartiles. Results: Patients with colon cancer had higher MPV compared with controls. Surgicaltumor resection resulted in a significant decrease in MPV levels (11.4 fL vs 10.7 fL; p<0.001). A positive correlationbetween MPV and tumor-nodule-metastases (TNM) stage was found. Furthermore, after adjusting for other riskfactors, the ORs (95%CIs) for colon cancer according to MPV quartiles were 1.000, 2.238 (1.014-4.943), 3.410(1.528-7.613), and 5.379 (2.372-12.198), respectively. Conclusions: The findings show that patients with coloncancer have higher MPV levels compared with controls, and these are reduced after surgery. In addition, MPVwas found to be independently associated with the presence of colon cancer. Further studies are warranted toassess the utility of MPV as a novel diagnostic screening tool for colon cancer.


text:
Although importing a Japanese used car to Tanzania may seem daunting, when you take time to research the type of car and the taxes and regulations imposed you will discover that it is relatively straightforward.
Here we give an overview of the taxes, duties, and regulations for importing a car to Tanzania to get you started.
The process of importing your ideal vehicle as per the law of Tanzania is quite simple. Regardless of the vehicle type, it must pass through road-worthiness inspection. When the vehicle is roadworthy, the officials who inspected it will issue a certificate. When you use a reputable importing agency, it will provide the inspection service before shipping the vehicle.
If you are considering importing a car to Tanzania from Japan, it must undergo a JAAI inspection (Japan Auto Appraisal Institute), a non-profit organisation that is supervised by the Japanese Government. This inspection is applicable for people who import used vehicles from Japan.
In case the vehicle fails to pass the inspection, the seller must perform repairs before they can import it to Tanzania. If the individual imports a car that does not have the inspection certificate, the owner or importer must pay the penalty.
Taxes for Importing to Tanzania
There are Tanzanian tax regulations that an imported vehicle and owner must adhere to. In most cases, the price of the car includes the inspection fee as well as the handling fees. Import duties depend on the type and engine capacity of the vehicle that you want to import to Tanzania.
For example, for any vehicle whose engine capacity is 2000cc, it is entitled to an import duty of 25% and 20% VAT. This adds up to the dutiable value of 50%. A car with an engine capacity of more than 2000cc falls under the import duty of 25%, 20% VAT, and 10% excise duty. The dutiable value of this car accumulates to 65%.
If you are importing a passenger van, pickup, lorry or bus, you will pay 15% import duty, and 20% VAT. This accumulates to 32% dutiable value. In addition, the tax regulations depend on the age of the car. For instance, if you are importing a car to Tanzania that is 10 years old or more, you are entitled to higher taxes than those that are 10 years and below.
|Vehicle Type||Import Duty||VAT||Dutiable Value|
|Van / Pickup / Lorry / Bus||15%||20%||32%|
Maximum Age for Imported Cars
How old should the Japanese used car that you want to import be? Tanzanian law states that people cannot import vehicles that are 10 years old or more. In some cases vehicles older than this can also be imported, but at a penalty of 20%. Apart from the inspection and vehicle year, it is essential to understand the local taxes of Tanzania before importing a vehicle.
Depending on the policies of the government, the local tax regulations change with time. Therefore, it is necessary that you contact the local authority to gather the most up-to-date information before you import a car.
In addition to the duties and taxes imposed on imported cars from Japan, you will also need to take clearance possibly forwarding fees into consideration once your vehicle reaches the Port of Mombasa.
Reputable Japanese used car exporters such as BE FORWARD offer all-in-one packages and local offices in various locations around Tanzania that can assist with clearing and forwarding, saving you the headache of figuring it out for yourself.


text:
A new book by local historian Susan Well
When Calvin Coolidge is mentioned, a few stereotypes come to mind -- quiet, if not silent; frugal, if not cheap; dignified, if not wooden. This work of local history describes the thirteenth president's seven homes in Northampton, Massachusetts, the people he roomed with, and neighbors he encountered -- set within the context of the small New England city where they lived. Which stereotypes are true or did those who knew him in this intimate way have a completely different view? Some of them have interesting insights about Coolidge, and all of them have fascinating life stories of their own.
Using original material from collections at the Calvin Coolidge Presidential Library and Museum, Well presents the daily life and residences of Calvin Coolidge in Northampton, Massachusetts. Well uses new sources to document the unique and interesting personal life stories of Coolidge's landlords and neighbors. Most of the Museum's visitors ask where the former President lived, and now we have a definitive answer for them. -- Julie H. Bartlett, Archivist
or pick up a copy at the library for $16.


Do I really need yoga blocks?
The purpose of yoga blocks and how to use blocks to enhance your yoga poses with Juni MokLead Trainer for Teacher Trainings
equal yoga
If you practice yoga and haven't made yoga blocks your best friend yet, now is the time. However, not everyone feels comfortable using blocks or even knows how to use yoga blocks at all. There are so many ways to incorporate blocks into your practice. Whether you are a new yogi looking for modifications to help you access a pose or you are an experienced practitioner looking to deepen an expression of a shape, there are endless possibilities.
Yoga blocks are a really savvy tool to use to help you substantially improve your yoga practice and physical well-being. Many practitioners may feel inferior using props to assist postures, but props like yoga blocks can make postures not only more accessible, but can also deepen postures for more advanced practitioners.
Yoga blocks allow you to practice integrity of form in yoga postures, ensuring you get the most out of your yoga practice. They assure proper alignment that allows for proper muscle memory to be built (which decreases chance of injury).
Yoga blocks are props, or tools, used to help yoga practitioners in three primary ways: to make yoga poses more accessible, to act as support, and to add a challenge to develop strength. Yoga blocks allow you to practice yoga poses in a safer, more beneficial way. All that bending, twisting, and folding you do in yoga poses can be difficult, especially when you are newer. Yoga blocks are essential to doing the postures skillfully.
equal yoga
How to Use Yoga Blocks
Yoga blocks can be used in a variety of ways, but in the end, to benefit you, it really comes down to three main things: lengtheningstrengthening and support.
 - Lengthen
This refers to correcting your alignment and deepening the stretch that you are in. When you are in a pose that you feel you are struggling to stay in, you would benefit by using blocks. When you don't this, you are most likely not in good alignment and therefore not obtaining the full benefit of the pose or experiencing the fullest expression. Using yoga blocks will help prevent you from over straining yourself, improve your alignment, and get deeper into your poses to become more flexible. Basically almost anytime your hands are unable to touch the ground in a pose, it would be beneficial for you to use yoga blocks. There are alternatives such as resting your hands on your shins or ankle instead, but blocks provide much more stability and comfort than doing that, which in turn helps you get deeper into the pose and improve your flexibility.
 - Strengthen
Yoga blocks are a great tool to use to build strength throughout your entire body. A lot of yoga poses are great for improving strength, but you may not be reaping the benefits because you are unable to maintain proper alignment, form, or have not built up enough strength to get into the pose. Blocks are a great way to force your body into perfect alignment and push yourself to use the correct muscles to stay in the pose. You can also use them to provide you with a little extra support in some challenging poses so you have more control over the severity of the pose, allowing you to build strength effectively.
 - Support
A lot of yoga poses that are classified as restorative can actually be pretty strenuous and ineffective if you lack flexibility. There are several ways you can use blocks in each pose to give you the support you need to deepen into the pose and unleash the tightness.
equal yoga
How many yoga blocks should I get?
We recommend 2 yoga blocks (or more), considering you have 2 sides of your body to work evenly. Also, many restorative poses utilize two blocks to support multiple areas of your body to allow full relaxation in the pose.
What one yoga block can be used for:
 - Length support in one sided poses such as Triangle, Extended Side Angle and Half Moon
 - Comfort support in poses such as Hero, Fish, and Pigeon
 - Balance and alignment support in poses such as Crow and Boat
You need two yoga blocks for:
 - Length support in two sided poses such as Full Split, Downward Facing Dog, and Camel
 - Strength building exercises such as Chaturanga (low plank)
 - Comfort support in two sides poses such as Reclined Bound Angle
 - For extra support in restorative postures such as Bridge and Fish chest openers
 - If you are extra tight on one side and need extra length
equal yoga
Can I use household items as yoga blocks?
Yoga blocks are ideal, but if it's not in the budget, some household items can help achieve similar results:
 - For hip support, use a thick, folded towel or a dense pillow or cushion
 - For balancing and/or "bringing the floor to you," use a thick, sturdy book (like a textbook).
So, go ahead and get a set of two blocks. The benefits of having two just seem like a no-brainer and it is really not that much more expensiveand you will have them for years to come to assist you in an endless amount of ways to advance your yoga practice!


Drawing on over a decade of experience as an educator, academic, and performing musician, Dr G (aka Greg Melchin) became convinced of the potential for music to promote scientific literacy in a fun and engaging way. The songs on Dr G's debut album Dr G Goes To Space! (released June 26, 2019) break down some of the most fascinating topics in physics and astronomy in language accessible to kids and adults alike, set to relentlessly catchy music you'll be singing for days!
Dr G plays the theremin, an obscure musical instrument invented by Russian physicist Lev Termen (Leon Theremin) in 1920. One of the earliest electronic musical instruments, the theremin's eerie sound is recognizable from dozens of science fiction soundtracks. It may be the only instrument that is played without the player touching it!
Hailing from Antigonish, Nova Scotia, Dr G now divides his time between Halifax and Ottawa.


text: The purposes of this study are to analyze post liquefaction shear strength and to explore the potential use of wave-based techniques to monitor liquefaction and post liquefaction response. The first part presents a detailed analysis of triaxial test results to identify robust strength criteria. The second part documents experimental data on the characterization of liquefaction events with P-wave reflection imaging and S-wave trans-illumination techniques. The relevance of multiple coexisting temporal and spatial scales is highlighted. The following results are obtained: 1) the post liquefaction shear strength can be estimated within the framework of critical state soil mechanic; 2) the P-wave reflection images obtained before and after liquefaction represent the depression of the soil-water interface; 3) excess pore pressure migration from liquefied deep layers may cause zero-effective stress in dilative shallow layers. P-wave reflection is a valuable tool to monitor the evolution of subsurface structures and S-wave trans-illumination technique can be used to yield a comprehensive picture of the spatial evolution of liquefaction.


Mikko Saukoski
Learn More
In this paper, a nanopower CMOS frequency reference designed with a 0.25-mum BiCMOS process for an ultra- low-power capacitive sensor interface is presented. Due to the low supply voltage of 1 V, two parallel frequency references based on source-coupled CMOS multivibrators are used to implement the two required operating modes. In mode 1, when driving a 1(More)
A continuous time analog interface for a capacitive accelerometer element is implemented. The integrated part of the interface includes an oscillator and readout circuitry excluding a controller and references. For the realized sensor, the minimum equivalent acceleration noise density of 400 ng/radicHz is measured. A full scale acceleration of plusmn1.5 g(More)
Capacitive accelerometers [1] have advantages such as zero static bias current, the capability of high sensitivity, and excellent thermal stability, making their use in low-power applications attractive. In this paper, an interface ASIC designed for a capac-itive 3-axis micro-accelerometer [2] is presented. The die area and power dissipation are reduced by(More)
In this paper, we describe the design of a 2 MHz CMOS frequency reference circuit based on a relaxation oscillator. The circuit provides the clock signal for a read-out circuit of a capacitive sensor. The frequency reference circuit is always active, thus low power consumption is an essential requirement. Supply independent biasing was used to allow supply(More)
2010. Impulse sensitivity function-based phase noise study for low-power source-coupled CMOS multivibrators. Abstract In this paper, two micropower frequency references implemented with a 0.13-and a 0.25-lm CMOS process for low-power sensor applications are presented. Both circuits are based on a power-optimized source-coupled CMOS multivibrator. The(More)


text:
Measurement of Temperature Multiple Choice Questions and Answers PDF Download eBook - 1
Practice Measurement of Temperature multiple choice questions and answers PDF, measurement of temperature MCQs with answers PDF worksheets, GCE O level physics test 1 for online schools. Learn scales of temperature MCQs, Measurement of Temperature trivia questions and answers for admission and merit scholarships test. Learn scales of temperature, measuring temperature, types of thermometers career test for best ACT prep courses online.
"In a resistance thermometer, a metal wire shows a resistance of 500 Ω at the ice point and 550 Ω at the steam point. The temperature when resistance is 535 Ω would be" Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ) on measurement of temperature with choices 65 °c, 60 °c, 70 °c, and 75 °c for ACT prep classes. Practice scales of temperature quiz questions for jobs' assessment test and online courses for colleges that offer certificate programs.
MCQs on Measurement of Temperature Quiz PDF Download eBook
MCQ: In a resistance thermometer, a metal wire shows a resistance of 500 Ω at the ice point and 550 Ω at the steam point. The temperature when resistance is 535 Ω would be
- 60 °C
- 65 °C
- 70 °C
- 75 °C
MCQ: Absolute zero on Kelvin scale is equal to
- 373 K
- 273 K
- 0 K
- None of the above
MCQ: While going through a heap of junk in her garage, Jackie found an uncalibrated mercury thermometer. After a few experiments, she succeeded in calibrating it. Her notes show that the ice point of the thermometer corresponds to 3 cm while the steam point corresponds to 30 cm of mercury. If Jackie's calculations are fine, then length = 15 cm would correspond to
- 46 °C
- 44 °C
- 42 °C
- 40 °C
MCQ: Every temperature measuring instrument makes use of a physical property of a substance in order to measure temperature objectively, which physical property is used by Mercury-in-glass thermometer?
- Electromotive force
- Volume of a fixed mass of liquid
- resistance of a piece of metal
- Pressure of a fixed mass of gas at constant volume
MCQ: Which one of these thermometers is portable as well as simple to use?
- Constant-volume gas thermometer
- resistance thermometer
- Mercury-in-glass thermometer


text:
On Wednesday 25 October EFCI has participated in the hearing, organized by the Employment and Social Affairs Committee of the European Parliament (EMPL) to discuss the findings of a report on the social impact of the current public procurement provisions. For the first time, EFCI has been given the opportunity to present its views before the Members of the European Parliament on an issue of fundamental importance for the sector.
Following the invitation of the President of the EMPL Committee, MEP Dragos Pislaru, EFCI President took part last Wednesday 25 October in a hearing of the European Parliament on the social impact of the 2014 public procurement directive. At the center of the exchanges, the presentation of a report commissioned by the EMPL Committee, investigating how the current provisions of the directive have contributed (or not) to the achievement of more social objectives through public procurement.
Following the presentation of the report by its authors, different speakers have taken the floor: prof. Schulten from the Hans-Bockler Stiftung, Dr. Jaerhling from the Duisburg-Essen University, Mr. Skjellerup from the Municipality of Copenhagen and Mr. Rothig, Regional Secretary of UNIEuropa –the trade union counterpart of EFCI in the sectoral social dialogue.
In his contribution, Mr. Mattioli emphasized the following key points:
Economic Impact: Public procurement significantly influences the cleaning industry, contributing up to 50% of turnover in some countries. This not only sustains financial health but also shapes market conditions for private clients.
Labor Costs Challenge: With labor costs exceeding 80% of the industry's total expenses, recent inflationary trends, particularly in salary adjustments, present financial challenges, impacting the sector's overall landscape.
Directive Gaps: The 2014 public procurement directive lacks clarity on price revision mechanisms, leading to varied regulations across Member States. Companies struggle to recover increased salary costs, operating at a loss, and facing sustainability concerns.
Advocacy for Change: EFCI, alongside stakeholders, advocates for explicit guarantees in the directive, enabling Member States to revise public contract prices. This push aims to ensure companies can recover increased costs, upholding service quality and employment standards.
Financial Dimensions: A presented study highlighted concerns about financial conditions in tender awards. Despite the "best quality-price ratio" principle, tenders often prioritize the lowest price, potentially compromising service quality.
Call for Professionalization: The study emphasized Member States' tendency to award tenders solely based on the lowest price, underscoring the need for improved technical capacity and enforcement. Public authorities play a crucial role in fostering professionalization among contracting authorities.
As the industry adapts to these challenges, ongoing discussions, including the upcoming November 14 event on public procurement, will shape the future of the cleaning industry. Stay tuned for updates in our commitment to navigate this evolving landscape.
European Parliament, 25 October 2023


National Stress Awareness Day
04 November
Today is National Stress Awareness Day. Many stitchers will know of the benefits of any kind of craft that engages the hands, while satisfying the creative spark in our minds. What is not so well known is that stitching has been used as a form of therapy since the end of the First World War, when Ernest Thesiger, an actor who had served and been wounded in France, founded the 'Disabled Soldiers Embroidery Society' in order to help soldiers to augment their pensions. The additional benefits of stitching were a bonus – but of significant value to the individuals.
The charity 'Fine Cell Work 'works in prisons around the UK, teaching prisoners to stitch and create gifts that can be sold through the Fine Cell Work website. The benefits of stitching go far beyond the additional income for the individuals and provide a mental respite for the stitchers which is highly valued. Fine Cell Work supply completed cushions, glasses cases and other gifts, or kits for stitching at home.


Combined Translation Function to Determine the Relative Position between A and B
We still have to determine the relative $z$ translation between molecules A and B. The following X-PLOR script file accomplishes this. This is also an example of a translation function with a fixed portion (molecule A). The $x,z$ positions of molecules A and B are known up to a 0.5 translation. Therefore, four translation functions have to be carried out.
translation12.inp
The first translation function is successful with a correlation coefficient of 0.45. The corresponding Mathematica plot is shown in Fig. 19.5.
Figure 19.5: Translation function.
\begin{figure}{\epsfxsize =300pt
\noindent\epsffile{xtalmr___translation12.eps}
}\end{figure}
Xplor-NIH 2023-11-10


text:
There are 109 conservation areas in the Peak District National Park. These areas are of special architectural or historic interest that it is desirable to preserve or enhance for future generations.
Special rules apply to conservation areas. Planning officers take an area's special character into account when considering a planning application.
Demolition of buildings
Planning permission is required for the demolition of most buildings in a conservation area. This extends to walls and other features. Planning officers will look at whether the loss of the building – and any redevelopment proposals – would serve the interests of preserving or enhancing the character or appearance of the conservation area.
If approval is given, there will often be a clause or condition in the approval which requires a contract for redevelopment to be in place before the demolition is undertaken. This prevents unsightly gaps opening up in conservation areas for long periods of time.
Trees in conservation areas
Trees in conservation areas are given special protection because of their contribution to the special qualities of a conservation area. The Authority must be given six weeks' notice of the intention to carry out work on a tree. Within that period, the Authority can consider whether to make a Tree Preservation Order (TPO).


text:
The Student Loans Company is feeling the strain of an FE loans scandal that has left hundreds of learners with huge debts and no qualifications, as their repayments reprieve draws to a close.
FE Week has been campaigning for the past year to have debts from advanced learning loans written off for the blameless former learners of several collapsed training providers.
The SLC granted them a 12-month deferment on repayments, but now led by Pater Lauener, who was boss of the Education and Skills Funding Agency when the scandals broke, it will not say whether the debts will be cancelled after the deferment period closes at the end of March.
The chair of the parliamentary education committee, Robert Halfon, who was skills minister when the providers folded and who now feels free to speak his mind, is trying to encourage more decisive action.
It is utterly essential that they should not be made to repay the loans
"If the providers have failed through no fault of the students, and there isn't adequate and accessible alternative provision, it is utterly essential that they should not be made to repay the loans," he said.
Labour's shadow skills minister Gordon Marsden heaped further pressure on both the SLC and ESFA through a parliamentary question he lodged this week.
He asked new education secretary Damian Hinds "if he will make it his policy to write off advanced learner loan debts for former learners affected by the collapse of John Frank Training Ltd, Edudo Ltd, and Focus Training & Development".
Former JFT learner Asim Shaheen, 50, was among the ex-learners hit by the collapse. The chef still had an outstanding debt of £8,000 after the London company went bust.
The Skills Funding Agency offered to send him to South Cheshire College to complete his training.
But this just wasn't a viable option because it is 25 miles from where he lives. He says he has been "left completely in the lurch".
FE Week soon found many more learners affected by the collapse of Hampshire-based Edudo Ltd and Darlington's Focus Training & Development Ltd.
Our #SaveOurAdultEducation campaign, which was launched last February in Parliament with Mr Shaheen a special guest, has led the charged to have the debts scrapped.
The ESFA has issued a statement to FE Week on the situation with the loans.
"We have ensured learners have not entered repayment in this tax year, where there was a need to allow them time to move providers," a spokesperson said. "The SLC will be contacting learners again shortly regarding next steps.
"Our priority continues to provide learners with alternatives, if their provider is no longer able to deliver training."


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|Home » Howtos » Secure code » Taint|
Taint mode is a way of making your code more secure. It means that your program will be fussier about data it receives from an external source. External sources include users, the file system, the environment, locale information, other programs and some system calls (e.g. readdir).
Some functions can unexpectedly cause problems with bad data. For example, the "magical" properties of the perl open function mean that it may be used to open a pipe to any arbitrary shell commands. It's in your interests to ensure that your program is opening the file that you think it should be opening, and not a command line supplied by a mischievous user.
There are differing opinions on when to use taint mode. Certainly as a minimum, any CGI application should use taint mode. When accepting external data you should always program defensively and use taint mode to ensure that the external data matches your expectations.
Some people argue that taint mode should always be used as it forces you to consider the implications of your use of external data. This is also useful because if you write your program without taint mode and then decide you need taint mode later on, you may have a lot of work adding the checks required.
You turn taint mode on by using the -T flag in your hashbang line. For example:
Or if you turn warnings on using -w:
Taint mode cannot be turned off in a script once it has been turned on. Note that the -T argument is read by perl even on those platforms where the hashbang line itself is not used by the operating system.
When your program receives any data in taint mode, that data is marked as tainted. Tainted data may not be used to affect anything outside your program (for example, to open a file, or used in a system call), until you have specifically un-tainted it.
If you assign a variable a tainted value, that variable is also tainted. For example:
#!/usr/bin/perl -T use strict; use warnings; my $arg = $ARGV; my $file = "/home/foo/$arg"; open FOO, ">$file" or die $!; print FOO "Yay\n"; close FOO; exit 0;
This program would fail with the following error:
Insecure dependency in open while running with -T switch at./test.pl line 9.
To untaint data you need to apply a regular expression and any data that you capture is then untainted. Remember when writing your regular expressions that it is better to include patterns that are allowed rather than those that aren't.
For the example above, assume we want the argument passed in on the command line to be a filename (not a path to a file), so we will only allow a filename argument limited to containing any alphanumeric characters, dots and underscores.
#!/usr/bin/perl -T use strict; use warnings; my $arg = $ARGV; # Untaint data and check result $arg =~ m/^([a-zA-Z0-9\._]+)$/ or die "Bad data in first argument"; my $file = "/home/foo/$1"; # Assign untainted data open FOO, ">$file" or die $!; print FOO "Yay\n"; close FOO; exit 0;
It is important to anchor your regular expression (use ^ and $ to ensure you match the entire string) and it is equally important to check that your regular expression has succeeded.
When writing modules and subroutines, you need to be careful that your code doesn't untaint data where it shouldn't. For example, the CGI module used to untaint all parameters because it used a regular expression with capturing parenthesis to capture the data.
Using the above example, if we want the data to remain tainted despite our check, we could use:
#!/usr/bin/perl -T use strict; use warnings; use re 'taint'; # Keep data captured by parens tainted my $arg = $ARGV; $arg =~ m/^([a-zA-Z0-9\._]+)$/ or die "Bad data in first argument"; my $file = "/home/becky/$1"; open FOO, ">$file" or die $!; print FOO "Yay\n"; close FOO; exit 0;
This would fail like the first example:
Insecure dependency in open while running with -T switch at./test.pl line 11.
If you then want to use capturing parenthesis to untaint data, you can use:
no re 'taint';


Fungi, Quelbe, Scratch – the VI's old-time music
I love the sweet, sassy, and infectious sound of this unique island music.
This weekend, Nov. 18-19, is the fifth annual Fungi Fest in the BVI. I am a bone fide fungi fiend, so in honor of the upcoming event I am sharing the following from Moon Virgin Islands.
An artist's illustration of a quelbe, or fungi, band. Artwork was used by the Reichold Center on St. Thomas to promote a quelbe extravaganza it produced in 2009.
"The traditional music form of the Virgin Islands is quelbe music, also called scratch or fungi. A quelbe band consists of a banjo, conga drum, squash, and a triangle. Other instruments sometimes include guitar, bass, saxophone, or flute. Quelbe musicians use objects close at hand to construct their instruments, although today some have adopted more modern instruments. The banjo was often made out of an old sardine can. The squash was a dried local gourd, serrated and then scratched with a comb or wire-pronged stick. The base line was usually provided by someone blowing into the discarded tailpipe from a car.
"Quelbe music developed on sugar plantations, where slaves used materials at hand to provide a rhythm and melody to which they could tell stories, share jokes, and spread gossip. The music was influenced by African rhythms and the sound of Danish and British military bands. After slavery ended, quelbe music grew in popularity as the restrictions of slavery ended and the music form could spread freely. Many older Virgin Islanders have sweet memories of nights spent dancing to the sound of their village quelbe band.
"Quelbe music still tells stories and jokes, often with a risque undertone. Quelbe is especially popular at Christmastime, giving a new and refreshing take on Christmas music. Traditionally, quelbe bands would go serenading in the wee hours of Christmas morning, wishing their neighbors a merry Christmas.
"Today, quelbe music is being preserved by a handful of bands. In the British Virgin Islands, the Lashing Dogs and Loverboys perform fungi music (as it is called there) at bars and festivals. In the U.S. Virgin Islands, Jamesie and the Allstars, Stanley the Ten Sleepless Nights, Bully and the Kafooners, and Blinky and the Roadmasters carry on the tradition. Jamesie Brewster, the leader of Jamesie and the Allstars, is the subject of a forthcoming documentary. You can hear a snippet of his music at
"The traditional accompaniment to quelbe music is the quadrille, a kind of square dancing introduced to the Virgin Islands from the French Caribbean and influenced by English and Irish planters. Quadrille or not, it is impossible to stand still listening to quelbe music. St. Croix culture bearer and writer Richard Schrader wrote in his book Maufe, Quelbe and t'ing that when Jamesie Brewster performs, "trees shake their branches and grass bends down low." That just about sums it up."
BVI Fungi Fest takes place at the Noel Lloyd Positive Action Movement Park in Road Town on Friday, 18 November and Saturday, 19 November. Music begins at 7 p.m. each night. Performers will include The Jolly Boys from St. Martin, the Ole Time Jammers from Tobago, the Quelbe Ambassadors of St. Croix, Flambo Combo of St. Thomas, Koko and the Sunshine Band of St. John. Also performing are the BVI's own Serenaders, Leon and the Hot Shots, Razors Blades, Lashing Dogs and the gospel fungi band, Zion Sounds. For more information contact the BVI Department of Culture at _PHONE_. Online at (website has not been updated since 2010.)
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Lowest common denominator
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In mathematics, the lowest common denominator or least common denominator (abbreviated LCD) is the least common multiple of the denominators of a set of vulgar fractions. It is the smallest positive integer that is a multiple of each denominator in the set. The term has entered popular culture with a different non-mathematical meaning which indicates the least sophisticated element in a particular situation.
'Lowest common denominator' is often used as a figure of speech meaning the most basic, least sophisticated level of taste, sensibility, or opinion among a group of people. The phrase also appears in other places, particularly in engineering, referring to the minimum requirements or common attributes between systems. This can be useful for making different systems compatible, by taking the minimal amount of necessary features, allowing them to communicate or connect. [1]


Here the electron-phonon Holstein model with Rashba spin-orbit interaction is studied for a two-dimensional square lattice in the adiabatic limit. It is demonstrated that a delocalized electron at zero spin-orbit coupling localizes into a large polaron state as soon as the Rashba term is nonzero. This spin-orbit induced polaron state has localization length inversely proportional to the Rashba coupling gamma and it dominates a wide region of the gamma-lambda phase diagram, where lambda is the electron-phonon interaction.


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Hidden Field Equations
||This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. (January 2009)|
Hidden Fields Equations (HFE) is a public key cryptosystem which was introduced at Eurocrypt in 1996 and proposed by (French) Jacques Patarin following the idea of the Matsumoto and Imai system. HFE is also known as HFE trapdoor function. It is based on polynomials over finite fields of different size to disguise the relationship between the private key and public key. HFE is in fact a family which consists of basic HFE and combinatorial versions of HFE. The HFE family of cryptosystems is based on the hardness of the problem of finding solutions to a system of multivariate quadratic equations (the so called MQ problem) since it uses private affine transformations to hide the extension field and the private polynomials. Hidden Field Equations also have been used to construct digital signature schemes, e.g. Quartz and Sflash.
One of the central notions to understand how Hidden Field Equations work is to see that for two extension fields over the same base field one can interpret a system of multivariate polynomials in variables over as a function by using a suitable basis of over. In almost all applications the polynomials are quadratic, i.e. they have degree 2. We start with the simplest kind of polynomials, namely monomials, and show how they lead to quadratic systems of equations.
Let us consider a finite field, where is a power of 2, and an extension field. Let to be a basis of as an vector space. Let such that for some and gcd and take a random element. We represent with respect to the basis as. Define by
The condition gcd is equivalent to requiring that the map on is one to one and its inverse is the map where is the multiplicative inverse of. Choose two secret affine transformation, i.e. two invertible matrices and with entries in and two vectors and of length over and define and via:
Let be the matrix of linear transformation in the basis such that
for. Write all products of basis elements in terms of the basis, i.e.:
for each. The system of equations which is explicit in the and quadratic in the can be obtain by expanding (1) and equating to zero the coefficients of the. By using the affine relations in (2) to replace the with, the system of equations is linear in the and of degree 2 in the. Applying linear algebra it will give explicit equations, one for each as polynomials of degree 2 in the.
The basic idea of the HFE family of using this as a multivariate cryptosystem is to build the secret key starting from a polynomial in one unknown over some finite field (normally value is used). This polynomial can be easily inverted over, i.e. it is feasible to find any solutions to the equation when such solution exist. The secret transformation either decryption and/or signature is based on this inversion. As explained above can be identified with a system of equations using a fixed basis. To build a cryptosystem the polynomial must be transformed so that the public information hides the original structure and prevents inversion. This is done by viewing the finite fields as a vector space over and by choosing two linear affine transformations and. The triplet constitute the private key. The private polynomial is defined over. The public key is. Below is the diagram for MQ-trapdoor in HFE
The private polynomial with degree over is an element of. If the terms of polynomial have at most quadratic terms over then it will keep the public polynomial small. The case that consists of monomials of the form, i.e. with 2 powers of in the exponent is the basic version of HFE, i.e. is chosen as
The degree of the polynomial is also known as security parameter and the bigger its value the better for security since the resulting set of quadratic equations resembles a randomly chosen set of quadratic equations. On the other side large slows down the deciphering. Since is a polynomial of degree at most the inverse of, denoted by can be computed in operations.
Encryption and decryption
The public key is given by the multivariate polynomials over. It is thus necessary to transfer the message from in order to encrypt it, i.e. we assume that is a vector. To encrypt message we evaluate each at. The ciphertext is.
To understand decryption let us express encryption in terms of. Note that these are not available to the sender. By evaluating the at the message we first apply, resulting in. At this point is transferred from so we can apply the private polynomial which is over and this result is denoted by. Once again, is transferred to the vector and the transformation is applied and the final output is produced from.
To decrypt, the above steps are done in reverse order. This is possible if the private key is known. The crucial step in the deciphering is not the inversion of and but rather the computations of the solution of. Since is not necessary a bijection, one may find more than one solution to this inversion (there exist at most d different solutions since is a polynomial of degree d). The redundancy denoted as is added at the first step to the message in order to select the right from the set of solutions. The diagram below shows the basic HFE for encryption.
Hidden Field Equations has four basic variations namely +,-,v and f and it is possible to combine them in various way. The basic principle is the following:
- 01. The + sign consists of linearity mixing of the public equations with some random equations.
- 02. The - sign is due to Adi Shamir and intends to remove the redundancy 'r' of the public equations.
- 03. The f sign consists of fixing some input variables of the public key.
- 04. The v sign is defined as a construction and sometimes quite complex such that the inverse of the function can be found only if some v of the variables called vinegar variables are fixed. This idea is due to Jacques Patarin.
The operations above preserve to some extent the trapdoor solvability of the function.
HFEand HFEv are very useful in signature schemes as they prevent from slowing down the signature generation and also enhance the overall security of HFE whereas for encryption both HFEand HFEv will lead to a rather slow decryption process so neither too many equations can be removed (HFE-) nor too many variables should be added (HFEv). Both HFEand HFEv were used to obtain Quartz.
There are two famous recent attacks on HFE:
01. Shamir-Kipnis: Recover the Private Key.
The key point of this attack is to recover the private key as sparse univariate polynomials over the extension field. The attack only works for basic HFE and fails for all its variations.
02. Faugere: Fast Gröbner Bases.
The idea of Faugere's attacks is to use fast algorithm to compute a Gröbner basis of the system of polynomial equations. Faugere broke the HFE challenge 1 in 96 hours in 2002 and in 2003 Faugere and Joux worked together on the security of HFE.
- Christopher Wolf and Bart Preneel, Asymmetric Cryptography: Hidden Field Equations
- Nicolas T. Courtois On Multivariate Signature-only public key cryptosystems
- Ilia Toli Hidden Polynomial Cryptosystems
- Jean Charles Faugere and Antoine Joux, Algebraic Cryptanalysis of Hidden Field Equations (HFE) Cryptosystems Using Grobner Bases
- Nicolas T. Courtois, "The Security of Hidden Field Equations"
- Jacques Patarin, Hidden Field Equations (HFE) and Isomorphic Polynomial (IP): two new families of asymmetric algorithm
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ACTA ALIMENTARIA, cilt.20, ss.197-203, 1991 (SCI İndekslerine Giren Dergi)
Numerous physical and chemical changes occur in the products during the baking process. These changes may affect the migration mechanism of water and the drying behaviour of the product. In the present study temperature effects on the drying behaviour of raw thin biscuits of 7x5x0.25 cm dimensions were studied in a laboratory oven by applying constant or linearly decreasing oven temperatures between 100 and 195-degrees-C. With constant oven temperatures a falling rate drying model, and with linearly decreasing oven temperatures a constant rate drying model stimulated these processes. Final moisture contents are one of the major properties determining the shelf life of the biscuits. These models may be used as simple methods for calculating the baking times.


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FGD Stands For : Familial Glucocorticoid Deficiency | Functional Gastrointestinal Disorder
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Dictionary.com Word FAQs
What is the difference between rack, wrack, wreak, and wreck?
To wreak is to inflict vengeance; to wreck is to damage or destroy. Wreak is not found often in English except in the idiom wreak havoc. Wrack as a verb is obsolete but means 'to avenge or revenge; to punish', 'to undergo ruin'. Rack as a verb is used figuratively to mean 'to chalk up; to achieve' and 'to torture; to cause severe pain' (as in the rack as an instrument of torture). It is also used to mean 'to obtain through coercion or intimidation'. Examples: She racked up points in the pool game. Pain racked his body. He racked his brain for the answer. Wrack as a noun means 'destruction' and occurs mainly in wrack and ruin. The word rack is a variant and can be used in that phrase.
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A Smoothed RSI Inverse Fisher Transform by Sylvain Vervoort
This indicator gives clear entry and exit signals, so your trading decisions are easier.
The Fisher transform has been a familiar concept to Stocks & Commodities readers in recent years following its introduction in 2002 by frequent S&C contributor John Ehlers. Its creator, Ronald Fisher, was one of the leading scientists of the 20th century, making major contributions to statistics, evolutionary biology, and genetics. Ehlersí 2004 followup applied an inverse Fisher transform to the relative strength index (Rsi), changing what was a good turning-point indicator to one that fine-tuned the timing of possible entry and exit points. Here is the inverse Fisher transform formula:
y = (Exp(2 * x) - 1)/(Exp(2 * x) + 1)
where x is the input value and y is the transformed value.
Figure 1 shows a plot of the inverse Fisher transform. The transform creates boundaries to keep the output value in the range between ‑1 to +1. Input values larger than 2 generate a result close to 1, while input values less than ‑2 generate a result close to ‑1. This boundary characteristic is useful with any indicator moving between two fixed values, like the relative strength index (Rsi).


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The Assut de l'Or Bridge (Valencian: Pont de l'Assut de l'Or, Spanish: Puente de la Presa del Oro) is a white single-pylon cable-stayed bridge in the City of Arts and Sciences in Valencia, Spain, designed by Valencian architect and civil engineer Santiago Calatrava and completed in December 2008. The name l'Assut de l'Or is Valencian for the Dam of the Gold and refers to a dam that was located nearby, although locally it is referred to as El Jamonero (The Ham Holder) or Pont de l'Arpa, Spanish: Puente del Arpa (The Harp Bridge). Calatrava called it the Serreria Bridge.
The bridge crosses the Túria Gardens in southeast Valencia, Spain near the east end of the City of Arts and Sciences complex. Its design is a variant of Santiago Calatrava's 1992 design of a cantilever spar cable-stayed bridge in Seville, Spain. In the Serreria bridge, the pylon is curved backward and back-stayed to concrete counterweights in the roadway. The aesthetic effect of the Serreria bridge arises in part from the curved pylon and the 29 parallel cables supporting the bridge deck, accented at night by spot lighting of the cables and the pylon. The bridge deck has two carriageways, three lanes each for cars and one additional lane for a tramway, and a carriageway for only pedestrian and cycle traffic along the middle spine of the deck by the cable stays.
Wander is a travel search engine that allows you to find the perfect travel destination that fits your budget and preferences.


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Republic of Texas charters Independence Academy
On this day in 1837, the Congress of the Republic of Texas granted a charter to the citizens of Independence, Washington County, for the establishment of a nonsectarian, nonpolitical "seminary." The charter was a response to a petition presented a month before by John P. Coles, a large landowner and Old Three Hundred settler who had founded Coles' Settlement, later Independence. In order to carry out the charter, the young Henry F. Gillette bought an existing girls' school from Frances Thompson. Hugh Wilson, a Presbyterian minister, taught at the new academy. In 1839 the institution, known as Independence Female Academy, enrolled more than fifty students taught by a Miss McGuffin. In 1841 Edward Fontaine, a Methodist minister who later became an Episcopalian minister of considerable importance in Austin, taught at the school. Independence Academy closed in 1845. Its property was purchased and donated to the newly chartered Baylor University. Not until the Constitution of 1845 were the requirements for a system of public education legally and thoroughly specified.


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Kenneth J. McNamara
University of Chicago Press
The Star-Crossed Stone by Kenneth J. McNamara Summary
Throughout the four hundred thousand years that humanity has been collecting fossils, sea urchin fossils, or echinoids, have continually been among the most prized, from the Paleolithic era, when they decorated flint axes, to today, when paleobiologists study them for clues to the earth's history. In The Star-Crossed Stone, Kenneth J. McNamara, an expert on fossil echinoids, takes readers on an incredible fossil hunt, with stops in history, paleontology, folklore, mythology, art, religion, and much more. Beginning with prehistoric times, when urchin fossils were used as jewelry, McNamara reveals how the fossil crept into the religious and cultural lives of societies around the world—the roots of the familiar five-pointed star, for example, can be traced to the pattern found on urchins. But McNamara's vision is even broader than that: using our knowledge of early habits of fossil collecting, he explores the evolution of the human mind itself, drawing striking conclusions about humanity's earliest appreciation of beauty and the first stirrings of artistic expression. Along the way, the fossil becomes a nexus through which we meet brilliant eccentrics and visionary archaeologists and develop new insights into topics as seemingly disparate as hieroglyphics, Beowulf, and even church organs. An idiosyncratic celebration of science, nature, and human ingenuity, The Star-Crossed Stone is as charming and unforgettable as the fossil at its heart.


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Design and modeling of deformation for on body WBAN antennas
Amira Nur Suraya, Shamsuri Agus
MetadataShow full item record
This report shows a textile antenna is used for fabric applications can be used. A compact planar antenna can be seen from the aspect of the difference performance under bending and crumpling conditions. This antenna is made of materials that can be integrated into clothing to observe the performance of the antenna without a shift in resonance. One important application is to monitor the health of patients at any time without restricting patient movement. The proposed system aims to improve and optimize a wireless health monitoring system's communication link through the use of a flexible textile antenna worn on a patient's body, robust against bending, crumpling and stretching conditions. The performance parameters such as impedance and radiation pattern investigate are based on numerical and experimental methods at 2.45GHz by using Computer System Technology (CST).