Wednesday, March 9, 2011
Treadmill vs. Running Outdoors
I am often asked these questions with regards to running and treadmills:-
1) Is running on a treadmill equivalent to running outdoors?
2) If i can run on the treadmill for 20 minutes, will i be able to run for 20 minuted outdoors?
3) Which is more effective to burn calories, running on a treadmill or running outdoors.
So i thought, its best that i clarify this topic properly so everyone understands why running on a treadmill is different than running outdoors. At first glance, the 2 may seem similar, but actually, there are quite a few differences.
Here are the answers to the questions:
1) Very similar, but not 100% similar
2) Not necessarily. Running outdoors is more challenging than running on a treadmill
3) Running outdoors at 6km/h for 20 minutes burns more calories than running 6km/h for 20 minutes on a treadmill.
OK, let me explain in more detail so all the answers make sense. Though the treadmill allows us to mimic a very similar movement of running, it is actually quite different. Running on a treadmill is actually easier than running outdoors. Why is it easier to run on a treadmill compared to outdoors?
For several reasons such as:-
a) There is no wind resistance when running on a treadmill. Because your body is stationary, you don't experience any wind resistance, which makes it easier.
b) The terrain is always uniform on a treadmill, where else running outside is never uniform. Because of this, your body is constantly working to adjust and balance itself to ensure that you can keep running and not fall down. Even this takes up extra energy... a little, but if your body is doing this constantly for 20 minutes, the little bit adds up.
c) Treadmill helps to propel you forward. In a treadmill, moving forward is assisted by the belt of the treadmill. Because of this, there is almost no energy used to propel you forward. Only energy being used is to keep your feet moving. When running outside, you have to move your feet and propel yourself forward, which makes it that much more taxing. Running on a treadmill is equivalent to running on the spot. I have read that adjusting the treadmill to a 1% incline will make it just as challenging as running outdoors.
Because of the reasons above, running outdoors is more challenging and burns more calories that running on a treadmill. Now, with that being said, it doesn't mean that all treadmills should be junked away immediately. There are some pro's that a treadmill has:
1) its not weather sensitive. Rain or shine, you can have a run at any time you want.
2) If you are a beginner to running, the treadmill provides you a safe and comfortable environment for you to build up your endurance / skill.
If you are training to be an outdoor runner (eg. running a marathon), then as far as possible, your training should be more outdoors than on the treadmill. Treadmill is a great place to get in a workout when the weather is not favourable, but overall, you should spend more time running outdoors.
So there you have it. The verdict on treadmill vs running outdoors. I still do the treadmill once a week, and i usually play with the incline and speed to make it more challenging and less boring. If you are a more serious athlete or fitness buff, than running flat on a treadmill for 20 minutes might put you to sleep. So feel free to play with the adjustments available to keep your workout challenging and effective for your fitness level. As usual, look forward to hearing your comments.
derik c. said...
do yo have any tips how to choose a suitable treadmill? and recommendation? :)
Don Kalreone said...
Hi. I bought mine at. They deliver anywhere in Malaysia. Try the F85 model. its really good :)
Gwendolyn Ray said...
Are you thinking of buying a treadmills? If yes, then here you can get what you want: treadmill reviews.
shreenarayanyogpeeth said...
Sivanesan Subramaniam said...
This comment has been removed by the author.
Sivanesan Subramaniam said...
choosing treadmills?? try read out this : best treadmill
Laura Francis said...
DiGena john said...


SOCR Help Pages
From Socr
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Introduction: The SOCRChart applet is a collection of data plotting tool, and it allows you to:
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[[SOCR Chart help page]]
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#Visualize your own data graphically.
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#Generate some statistical plots such as: StatisticalBarChart(BoxPlot), StatisticalLineChart(ScatterPlot), NormalDistributionPlot, BoxAndWhiskerChart.
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How to use the SOCRChart Applets:
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#Select a chart from the SOCRChart list from the left control panel, a demo of the selected chart type will be shown in the right display panel.
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#Click on the "DATA" tab in the right display panel to view the data used in the demo in a table form. The data and the headings are all editable for you to enter your own data.
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# For each chart type, the "MAPPING" is set for the demo data. You can make change as needed using the "Add"/"Remove" button.
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#After making data/mapping changes, click on the "UPDATE_CHART" button to get the plot updated.
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# Click the "DEMO" button will reset everything to the demo state.
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#Click the "CLEAR" button will clear all for you to start entering your own data.
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Notes:
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#.You can select table cells and use the "COPY"/"PASTE" button to copy/paste data in the data table.
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#The "SNAPSHOT" button can be used to save a snapshot of the graph to your own computer.
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#To add a extra row to the data table, hit "enter" key in the last cell. Hit "tab" key in the last cell will add a extra column.
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# To report bugs or make recommendations please visit: [_URL_ SOCR Home Page].
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#SOCRChart is based on JFreeChart and uses it's rendering engine to render the chart image. See [_URL_ JFreeChart] for more information.
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Revision as of 16:36, 20 July 2006
SOCR Chart help page
Personal tools


text:
Lab 3-roll mill is widely used for printing inks, pigment, plastics and chocolate' grinding test.
Especially for high viscosity, plaster products grinding.
1. The three rollers will squeeze materials by different speed so as to get good result.
2. All the gears are dipped inside lubricant which will prolong the machine life to maximum limit.
4. Reduce noise and energy consumption.
3. The three roller's diamter is 65mm.
4. Three roller's running speed is different.
5. Accessory: With scraping knife for discharging materials.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


Converting variable types—use PUT() or INPUT()?
7
How many times have you had a need to convert between variable types such as converting character to numeric or numeric to character? For example, what if you have a character variable with numeric values but you need to perform some calculations? Or, if you have a numeric variable but you need to concatenate it to a character variable? If you are like most SAS programmers, you need to use PUT() and INPUT() at least once to complete these tasks.
The answer to the question "Do I use PUT() or INPUT()?" depends on what your target variable type is and what your source variable type and data are. Below are three questions to consider:
 1. Is your target variable character or numeric?
 2. Is your source variable character or numeric?
 3. If your source variable is character, is your data value character or numeric?
Based on your answers to the three questions above, you can identify whether PUT() or INPUT() comes first. Keep these four rules in mind when writing your SAS statements:
 - PUT() always creates character variables
 - INPUT() can create character or numeric variables based on the informat
 - The source format must match the source variable type in PUT()
 - The source variable type for INPUT() must always be character variables
The following examples show how to use these rules to convert from character/numeric or numeric/character:
A PUT() converts character variable to another character variable.
B PUT() converts numeric variable to a character variable with numeric value.
C PUT() converts character variable with a user defined format to another character variable.
D INPUT() converts character variable with numeric value and informat to a numeric variable.
E INPUT() converts character variable with numeric value and informat to a character variable.
F INPUT() converts character variable with numeric value and informat to a numeric variable.

 Function Call Raw Type Raw Value Returned Type Returned Value
A PUT(name, $10.); char, char format 'Richard' char always 'Richard '
B PUT(age, 4.); num, num format 30 char always ' 30'
C PUT(name, $nickname.); char, char format 'Richard' char always 'Rick'
D INPUT(agechar, 4.); char always '30' num, num informat 30
E INPUT(agechar, $4.); char always '30' char, char informat ' 30'
F INPUT(cost,comma7.); char always '100,541' num, num informat 100541

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About Author
Sunil Gupta
Associate Director, Statistical Programming, Cytel
Sunil Gupta is a presenter at SAS Global Forum and a contributor to SAS Users blog. You may reach him at SAS Savvy—Smarter SAS Searches.
Related Posts
7 Comments
 1. Do you have any easy tricks for preserving the variable name when you convert it? Right now I do this (assume x is numeric and a is character):
 data new (drop = __:)
 2. For years I have used the LENGTH statement to convert a numeric variable to character, or vice versa, so simple I feel sneaky! Here's the little bit of code:
 **assume varx is the original numeric variable you want to convert to char**;
 DATA final; LENGTH $ varx; SET oldfile(RENAME=(varx=vartemp));
 varx = vartemp; drop vartemp; run;
 **on the log will be a warning that you are using a numeric variable to create a character, but it will proceed nicely. You can certainly reverse this, by stating the LENGTH statement for a numeric variable.
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text:
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIORBUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT
Southern Idaho Infrastruture Development Map
Proposed energy and electrical transmission development in Idaho may affect or be affected by a number of resource values of concern: wildlife habitat, viewsheds, military training areas, wilderness and others.
In 2009, the BLM developed the Southern Idaho Infrastructure Development Map ("Conflict Map") to display general areas of greater or lesser potential conflict with infrastructure development, based on a selected resource concerns and assumptions. Additional information can be found in the Overview and Assumptions documents via the links below.
Two versions of the map are available below in PDF. One displays BLM lands in Idaho only. The second shows all land ownerships and provides important context, since many resource issues cross ownership boundaries. The "all lands" version of the map is for context only and does not imply endorsement by other agencies or entities.
Geographic Information System raster data for the Conflict Map are available for download at _URL_. At the home page, navigate to "GEODATA" and select "Browse Data." At the "Title Keywords(s)" search window, enter the word "Conflict" and select "Go."

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Play audio files
The playback modes outlined below only apply to regions in the Project Audio Browser (when the window has key focus), and have no effect on project playback.
Play an entire region
 1. Select the region in the Project Audio Browser.
 2. Control-click the Prelisten button at the bottom of the Project Audio Browser, then choose one of the following options from the shortcut menu:
 - Auto-select Channel Strip: The audio channel strip assigned to the selected track is used for playback.
 - Prelisten Channel Strip: The Environment's Prelisten channel strip is used for playback. You can access the Prelisten channel strip in the Environment's Mixer layer. It is located to the right of the highest-numbered audio channel strip.
 3. Click the Prelisten button (or press the Space bar) to start and stop playback.
Play a region from a specific position
 1. Click-hold the region's waveform display.
 Playback starts at the click point.
 2. Release the mouse button to stop playback.


text:
There are several ways you can get your eTrex 30 to function more as a weather barometer than an altimeter:
You should then calibrate the altimeter based on known altitudes. This will improve the barometric reading.
- Setup > Altimeter > Plot Type = Barometric Pressure
- Elevation Plot > (menu key) > Change Data Fields > (select one of the fields) > Barometer
There is also Setup > Units > Pressure, in case you want to switch between Millibars, Inches of mercury, or Mm of mercury.
More info on using your barometer / altimeter to predict backcountry weather:

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Take the 2-minute tour ×
While working on a project in operator algebras with a collaborator (and fellow MO user), we are able to successfully complete a transfinite induction assuming that the following has an affirmative answer.
Question: Let $\delta$ be a cardinal, considered as an initial ordinal, so that it is equal to the set of all ordinals of cardinality strictly less than $\delta$. Does there exist a nondecreasing function $\phi \colon \delta \to \delta$ such that, for all ordinals $1 \leq \lambda < \delta$, there exists $\gamma < \lambda$ such that $\phi(\gamma) \geq \lambda$?
If it happens to matter, we are only concerned with the case where $\delta$ is a limit cardinal. Any reasonably (transfinitely) constructive approach to writing down such $\phi$ seems to quickly run into issues of ordinal notation that are beyond our expertise. If an abstract existence argument is available, we will certainly still be happy. On the other hand, we fear that this may somehow depend on large cardinal issues.
share|improve this question
Your property must fail for $\lambda=0$, since there are no $\gamma$ less than $0$. – Joel David Hamkins Jun 7 '12 at 21:08
As Nik pointed out such functions exist only when $cf(\delta) = \omega$ (and trivially when $\delta$ is a successor ordinal). However, it often happens that the $cf(\delta) = \omega$ and $cf(\delta) \gt \omega$ cases must be dealt with using different techniques. Perhaps you want to follow up this question with another on how to handle the $cf(\delta) \gt \omega$ case... – François G. Dorais Jun 7 '12 at 21:27
_USER_, oops! Fixed, thank you. – Manny Reyes Jun 7 '12 at 22:57
_USER_, would you kindly be able to point me to a (reasonably simple) instance where the $cf(\delta)>\omega$ case is successfully handled by separate means? A concrete example may help jog some new ideas for me. – Manny Reyes Jun 7 '12 at 23:03
One of the key things that happens with ordinals of uncountable cofinality is the existence of the club filter and stationary sets, which have tons of wonderful properties. This is often the key to handling that case - en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Club_set en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Club_filter en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stationary_set – François G. Dorais Jun 7 '12 at 23:37
1 Answer 1
up vote 13 down vote accepted
Not unless $\delta$ has countable cofinality (e.g., $\delta = \aleph_\omega$). This will fail for $\delta = \aleph_1$, for example. Let $\phi: \delta \to \delta$ be any increasing function and recursively define $\lambda_0 = 0$ and $\lambda_{n+1} = \phi(\lambda_n)+1$. Since $\phi$ is increasing, the sequence $(\lambda_n)$ is increasing, and since $\delta$ has uncountable cofinality we have $\lambda = \sup \lambda_n < \delta$. However, for any $\gamma < \lambda$ we must have $\gamma < \lambda_n$ for some $n$, so that $\phi(\gamma) \leq \lambda_{n+1} < \lambda$.
(If $\delta$ has countable cofinality it's easy. For instance, if $\delta = \aleph_\omega$ then we define $\phi$ by letting $\phi(\lambda) = \aleph_{n+1} + \lambda$ for $\aleph_n \leq \lambda < \aleph_{n+1}$.)
share|improve this answer
In the cofinality $\omega$ case, one can also use the natural step function with $\omega$ many values. For $\delta=\aleph_\omega$, let $f(\alpha)=|\alpha|^+$ for infinite $\alpha$. In the general case, where $\delta=\sup_n\lambda_n$, let $f(\alpha)=\lambda_{n+1}$ for $\alpha\in[\lambda_n,\lambda_{n+1})$. – Joel David Hamkins Jun 7 '12 at 22:56
Well, that was much simpler than I expected! Thanks for setting me straight. – Manny Reyes Jun 7 '12 at 23:04
Your Answer


text:
[ FIN ]
[ PAS ]
[ SDB ]
[ FASTRANS ] [ FAST ]
[Systems Operating Hours]
[Administrative Systems Status]
Student Data Inquiry (305)
Student Data Inquiry displays the basic personal information about a student.
To access the Student Data Inquiry:
A blank selection screen will appear:
To select a student:
To access a student not otherwise available to you:
Note: All data entered, student number, social security number, student name, and birthdate must agree. To avoid the common error of mismatching keys, use only the student number, and if access to the student is normally denied you, PAC number in the birth date field (with leading zeros if necessary).
After selection of a student or if you have retained student information, the Student Data Inquiry screen will appear, as shown below:
The Student Data Inquiry provides basic registration and personal information for each student. A student may be registered, cancelled, or withdrawn, and the date of the status will be displayed. Thus, Ms. Small was last registered in the spring of 1987. If a student has been cancelled or has withdrawn, the last quarter that the student had attended the university will be displayed.
Resident status is used to determine tuition costs. A student may be RESIDENT or NONRESIDENT in the State of Washington; a student is also a US citizen, an immigrant, or on student visa for immigration purposes.
The screen has room for several special programs to be shown. The most common of these are the Educational Opportunity Program and Intercollegiate Athletics. There is also room for three majors to be shown.
Emergency contact is an important piece of data that is often overlooked by students at registration. Encourage your advisers to keep this datum current.
Besides providing the basic personal information for a student, SRF305 shows two important control fields.
The first, not shown on this example, tells whether the student has a hold, and what that hold is. If the student has a hold, a message will show in the top half of the screen.
The second, in the middle of the screen, tells whether the student has authorized release of directory information. Note the wording in the above example "STUDENT AUTHORIZES RELEASE OF DIRECTORY INFORMATION:YES."
If release is "YES" then you may release limited directory information to off-campus inquirers (See the section on Student Data Base Security for exactly what information you may release.) If release is "NO" then Admissions and Records has asked that you state:
"We have a record, but the student has requested that we not release any information."
Other Topics in this Guide:


text:
Although it is often overlooked, Lab colour is an extremely useful colour space in Photoshop that enables you to separate luminance information from colour information.
The more familiar RGB colour space achieves colour and brightness through mixing channels of red, green and blue light. By mixing the three channels, each with its own level of colour and saturation, an overall range of tones and colours is achieved.
Conversely, Lab splits all the colour information into two channels, but separates the lightness, or luminance, onto a third independent channel. This difference in channel make-up enables some eye-popping colour treatments and corrections that just aren't possible in RGB, all without compromising the luminance, contrast or detail of the image.


Create and manage schedules for labs in Azure Lab Services
Schedules allow you to configure a lab such that VMs in the lab automatically start and shut down at a specified time. You can define a one-time schedule or a recurring schedule. The following procedures give you steps to create and manage schedules for a lab:
Important
The scheduled running time of VMs does not count against the quota allotted to a user. The quota is for the time outside of schedule hours that a student spends on VMs.
Set a schedule for the lab
Create a scheduled event for the lab so that VMs in the lab are automatically started/stopped at specific times. The user quota you specified earlier is the additional time assigned to each user outside this scheduled time.
Note
Before we get started, here's how schedules affect lab virtual machines:
 - Template virtual machine is not included in schedules.
 - Only assigned virtual machines are started. This means, if a machine is not claimed by an end user (student), the machine will not start on the scheduled hours.
 - All virtual machines (whether claimed by a user or not) are stopped based on the lab schedule.
 1. Switch to the Schedules page, and select Add scheduled event on the toolbar.
 Screenshot that shows the Azure Lab Services "Schedule" page, with the Add schedule button selected.
 2. Confirm that Standard is selected the Event type. You select Start only to specify only the start time for the VMs. You select Stop only to specify only the stop time for the VMs.
 3. In the Repeat section, select the current schedule.
 Add schedule button on the Schedules page
 4. On the Repeat dialog box, do the following steps:
 1. Confirm that every week is set for the Repeat field.
 2. Specify the start date.
 3. Specify the start time at which you want the VMs to be started.
 4. Specify the stop time on which the VMs are to be shut down.
 5. Specify the time zone for the start and stop times you specified.
 6. Select the days on which you want the schedule to take effect. In the following example, Monday-Thursday is selected.
 7. Select Save.
 Set repeat schedule
 5. Now, on the Add scheduled event page, for Notes (optional), enter any description or notes for the schedule.
 6. On the Add scheduled event page, select Save.
 Weekly schedule
View schedules in calendar
You can see the scheduled dates and times highlighted in the calendar view as shown in the following image:
Schedules in the calendar view
Select the Today button in the top-right corner to switch to current date in the calendar. Select left arrow to switch to the previous week and right arrow to switch to the next week in the calendar.
Edit a schedule
When you select a highlighted schedule in the calendar, you see buttons to edit or delete the schedule.
Edit schedule page
On the Edit scheduled event page, you can update the schedule, and select Save.
Delete a schedule
 1. To delete a schedule, select a highlighted schedule in the calendar, and select the trash icon (delete) button:
 Delete button on toolbar
 2. On the Delete scheduled event dialog box, select Yes to confirm the deletion.
Next steps
See the following articles:


text:
- The definition of a drawl is a way of speaking with draw-out vowels.
An example of a drawl is how people in the southern United States typically speak.
- Drawl is defined as to speak slowly with drawn-out vowels.
An example of drawl is the way John Wayne spoke.
Origin of drawlprobably frequentative of draw
verbdrawled, drawl·ing, drawls
Origin of drawlProbably from Low German drauelen, to loiter, delay.
(third-person singular simple present drawls, present participle drawling, simple past and past participle drawled)
- To drag on slowly and heavily; while or dawdle away time indolently.
- To utter or pronounce in a dull, spiritless tone, as if by dragging out the utterance.
- (intransitive) To move slowly and heavily; move in a dull, slow, lazy mannner.
- (intransitive) To speak with a slow, spiritless utterance, from affectation, laziness, or lack of interest.
- a way of speaking slowly while lengthening vowel sounds and running words together. Characteristic of some southern US accents, as well as Scots.


text:
Primary indicators () show you in a person or company record in Daylite which address data (phone number, e-mail address or postal address) is used by default, for example when you call a contact, send an e-mail or create an estimate in Daylite.
The primary indicators can be found for the address, email, and phone numbers of contacts and are divided into three levels:
= Entry is primary
= Entry is secondary (only possible for telephone numbers)
= Entry is not primary or secondary for telephone numbers
Set addresses as primary
For setting a postal address or e-mail address of a person or company data record as primary, click on the grey star. The selected address will now be saved as the primary address used and will be displayed first.
There are two ways to set primary phone numbers:
1. set secondary number primary
Click on the star next to the secondary phone number to set it to primary. The primary phone number is now saved as the secondary phone number.
2. set other number primary
For phone numbers that are not secondary you have the possibility to set them to primary or secondary after clicking on the star.
Disable primary counters
You can deactivate the function of the primary indicators via the Daylite menu bar -> Plugins -> PluginCenter -> Hide Primary Indicators in Edit Card. Afterwards you have to restart Daylite once to make the changes visible.
Take a look at this article to learn how to set addresses and phone numbers as primary:
How do I set a phone number or address as primary?


text:
This paper utilises computerised textual analysis to explore the extent to which both firm and country characteristics influence mandatory and voluntary risk reporting (MRR and VRR) variations both within and between non-financial firms across Germany, the UK and the US, over the period from 2005 to 2010. We find significant variations in MRR and VRR between firms across the three countries. Further, we find, on average, that German firms tend to disclose significantly higher (lower) levels of risk information mandatorily than UK (US) firms. German firms, on average, tend to reveal considerably higher (lower) levels of VRR than US (UK) firms. Our results document that MRR and VRR variations are significantly influenced by systematic risk, the legal system and cultural values.We also find that country and firm characteristics have higher explanatory power over the observed variations in MRR than over those in VRR.
- automated content analysis
- firm and country characteristics
- mandatory and voluntary risk reporting variations
- repeated measures multilevel analysis


text:
In future military operations, aircraft and submarines may be able to stay in contact by firing up the laser comm. Researchers have devised a new way to communicate with submarines by using high-energy laser beams to create bubbles of steam in the water, which then pop in little explosions that generate a 220-decibel pulse of sound. By controlling the frequency of explosions, researchers could make a kind of underwater Morse code.
According to a press release from the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, one of the peculiar effects of high-intensity laser beams is that they can actually focus themselves when passing through some materials, like water. As the laser focuses, it rips electrons off water molecules, which then become superheated and create a powerful "pop". Because different colours of light travel at markedly different speeds underwater, the precise location where different colours focus together could be manipulated by the suitable design of a many-coloured input pulse [BBC News].
Researchers also noted that the laser beam could travel "many hundreds of meters through air" before generating its acoustic effects in the water. This would allow a aircraft high above the sea to fire a laser downwards, generating sound pulses which could be received by underwater telephone gear aboard a submerged submarine [The Register]. This could be of great use to the navy, since submarines currently have to surface for most forms of communication, leaving them more vulnerable to detection and attack.
80beats: Laser Transistors Could Usher in Super-Fast "Photonic" Computers
80beats: "Laser Avenger" Shoots Down Unmanned Plane in a Test of Future Weaponry
80beats: Military Tests New Missile Defense System: Lasers Mounted on Jumbo Jets
Image: Naval Research Laboratory


text:
- Free Newsletters
- Support Us
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WILMINGTON — The Climate Action Campaign and the Union of Concerned Scientists hosted a virtual press conference with advocates and experts on Thursday to highlight recent extreme weather in …
WILMINGTON — The Climate Action Campaign and the Union of Concerned Scientists hosted a virtual press conference with advocates and experts on Thursday to highlight recent extreme weather in Delaware.
They also recognized Sen. Tom Carper for his climate leadership and call on the rest of Congress to follow suit and pass the Build Back Better Act.
Just days after the Eastern seaboard experienced heavy rain, severe flooding and other impacts from Hurricane Ida, the speakers discussed an alarming new report by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, as well as the impacts of coastal storms, flooding and sea level rise in Delaware.
The speakers called for federal action from the Biden administration and Congress, pointing to the extreme weather impacts in the president's home state as a prime example of the climate crisis.
The event included Rep. John Kowalko, D-Newark; Dr. Kristina Dahl, a senior climate scientist for the Union of Concerned Scientists; and Senior Fellow for Climate Security David Haines with the American Security Project.
"State and local communities can't wage this fight alone," Rep. Kowalko said. "We need federal support to transform our energy output, put people to work in family-sustaining clean energy jobs, and upgrade our infrastructure."
Dr. Dahl said the extreme weather events of the past couple of years in the First State are far from normal.
"In Delaware, communities are directly exposed to severe flooding and worsening tropical storms, driven by climate change and rising temperatures," Dr. Dahl said. "These extreme weather events fueled by climate change are not normal and are only going to increase in frequency and severity.
"We need big, bold investments to protect vulnerable communities, reduce pollution and stop this problem at the source."


text:
This paper studies whether the transition from a centrally planned to a market economy offers new perspectives for those who, in economic terms, were relatively deprived under the old regime. Previous empirical research on this question has been limited by the availability of representative longitudinal micro-data that track individuals' labour market careers across different political regimes. Our study seeks to fill this research gap by looking at the transition of Eastern Germany following German Unification. Using a unique large-scale German administrative data set, we measure individuals' relative economic position by exploiting information on whether individuals were in the bottom of the pre-unification wage distribution. We then address the question of how workers' low or high-wage status determines their wage and labour market status within and across different regimes. We document strong evidence of a dynamic selection process into low-wage employment after Unification. Furthermore, consistent with a weak connection between individuals' true productivity and their pre-unification low-wage status, the extent of across regime state dependence is found to be small in magnitude and appears to vanish over time. For males, the small extent of across regime dependence is found to be most pronounced among the medium and high-skilled, suggesting the depreciation of general human capital as a potential explanation.
Low Pay Dynamics Economic Transition State Dependence


particular data item.
Range: 0 - 100
anchorBgColor : Color [+]
If you want to configure data item specific anchor properties, this attribute lets you set the background color for the anchor of that particular data item.
Range: Hex Color Code
anchorBorderColor : Color [+]
If you want to configure data item specific anchor properties, this attribute lets you set the border color for the anchor of that particular data item.
Range: Hex Color Code
anchorBorderThickness : Number [+]
If you want to configure data item specific anchor properties, this attribute lets you set the border thickness for the anchor of that particular data item.
Range: In Pixels
anchorRadius : Number [+]
If you want to configure data item specific anchor properties, this attribute lets you define the radius for the anchor of that particular data item.
Range: In Pixels
anchorSides : Number [+]
If you want to configure data item specific anchor properties, this attribute lets you define the number of sides for the anchor of that particular data item.
Range: 3 or more
anchorStartAngle : Number [+]
This attribute sets the starting angle for an anchor of a particular data.
Default value: 90
Range: 0 - 360
displayValue : String [+]
If instead of the numerical value of this data, you wish to display a custom string value, you can specify the same here. Examples are annotation for a data item etc.
label : String [+]
This attribute determines the label for the data item. The label appears on the x-axis of chart.
Note: The label attribute replaces the name attribute. Previously, either one of the attributes could be used to set the label. Support for the name attribute has been discontinued since v3.10.0.
link : String [+]
You can define links for individual data items. That enables the end user to click on data items (columns, lines, bars etc.) and drill down to other pages. To define the link for data items, use the link attribute. You can define links that open in same window, new window, pop-up window or frames. Please see "Drill-Down > Using JavaScript Functions as Links" for more information. Also, you'll need to Url Encode all the special characters (like ? and &) present in the link.
showLabel : Boolean [+]
You can individually opt to show/hide labels of individual data items using this attribute.
Range: 0/1
showValue : Boolean [+]
You can individually opt to show/hide values of individual data items using this attribute.
Range: 0/1
toolText : String [+]
By default, FusionCharts XT shows the data item name and value as tool tip text for that data item. But, if you want to display more information for the data item as tool tip, you can use this attribute to specify the same.
value : Number [+]
Numerical value for the data item. This value will be plotted on the chart.
valuePosition : String [+] 3.2
If you've opted to show data values on the chart, this attribute lets you adjust the vertical alignment of data values with respect to dataplots. By default, this attribute is set to AUTO mode in which the alignment of each data value is determined automatically based on the position of each plot point. In ABOVE mode, data values are displayed above the plot points unless a plot point is too close to the upper edge of the canvas while in BELOW mode, data values are displayed below the plot points unless a plot point is too close to the lower edge of the canvas.
Range: "ABOVE", "BELOW", "AUTO"
labelFont : String [+] 3.5.0
Sets the x-axis label font family for the text.
Range: Font Name
labelFontColor : Color [+] 3.5.0
Sets the x-axis label font color.
Range: Hex Color Code
labelFontSize : Number [+] 3.5.0
Specifies the x-axis label font size.
Range: 6 - 72
labelFontBold : Boolean [+] 3.5.0
Flag indicating whether x-axis label font should be bold or not.
Range: 0/1
labelFontItalic : Boolean [+] 3.5.0
Flag indicating whether x-axis label font should be italicized or not.
Range: 0/1
labelBgColor : Color [+] 3.5.0
Sets the background color for x-axis label text.
Range: Hex Color Code
labelBorderColor : Color [+] 3.5.0
Sets the color of the border around the x-axis label text.
Range: Hex Color Code
labelAlpha : Number [+] 3.5.0
Sets the x-axis label alpha for both font and background.
Range: 0 - 100
labelBgAlpha : Number [+] 3.5.0
Sets the x-axis label background alpha.
Range: 0 - 100
labelBorderAlpha : Number [+] 3.5.0
Sets the x-axis label border alpha.
Range: 0 - 100
labelBorderPadding : Number [+] 3.5.0
Sets the x-axis label border padding.
Range: In Pixels
labelBorderRadius : Number [+] 3.5.0
Sets the x-axis label border radius.
Range: In Pixels
labelBorderThickness : Number [+] 3.5.0
Sets the x-axis label border thickness.
Range: In Pixels
labelBorderDashed : Boolean [+] 3.5.0
Whether the border around x-axis label should be rendered using dashed lines.
Default value: 0 (border rendered using straight lines)
Range: 0/1
labelBorderDashLen : Number [+] 3.5.0
Sets the length of each dash when the border around the x-axis label is rendered using dashed lines.
Range: In pixels
labelBorderDashGap : Number [+] 3.5.0
Sets the gap between two consecutive dashes when the border around x-axis label is rendered using dashed lines.
Range: In pixels
labelLink : URL [+] 3.5.0
Sets the link for each individual x-axis label.
anchorHoverColor : Color [+]
This attribute can set the hover color for a particular anchor.
Range: Hex Color Code
anchorHoverAlpha : Number [+]
This attribute sets the transparency for an anchor when hovered.
Range: 0 - 100
anchorHoverSides : Number [+]
This attribute sets the number of sides for a particular anchor when hovered.
Range: In Pixels
anchorBgHoverColor : Color [+]
This attribute sets the background color of a particular anchor when hovered.
Range: Hex color code
anchorBgHoverAlpha : Number [+]
This attribute sets the transparency for a particular anchor's background when hovered.
Range: 0 - 100
anchorBorderHoverColor : Color [+]
Sets the border color of an anchor when hovered.
Range: Hex color code
anchorBorderHoverAlpha : Number [+]
Sets the border's transparency of an anchor when hovered.
Range: 0 - 100
anchorBorderHoverThickness : Number [+]
This attribute sets the border thickness of an anchor when hovered.
Range: In pixels
anchorHoverStartAngle : Number [+]
This attribute sets the starting angle of an anchor when hovered.
Range: In pixels
anchorHoverDip : Number [+]
This attribute adds a dip effect (different shapes) to a particular anchor on hover. When hovered a star shaped anchor is created. Using anchorSides attribute, you can specify the no. of sides for anchors. Note : If the anchors are of circular shape, this attribute won't be applied on it.
Range: 0 - 1
}
Vertical Data Separator Lines
Vertical data separator lines help you separate data blocks. These lines run through the height of the chart, thereby segregating the data into two different blocks. Vertical lines are defined as shown in the example below:
"data": [{
 "label": "Grade 1",
 },
 {
 "vLine": "true",
 "label": "Appraisal"
 }]
 }]
You can configure the cosmetics of vertical separator lines using the following attributes:
data : {
vLine : String [+]
Set this attribute to true to render a vertical data separator line.
color : Color [+]
This attribute defines the color of vertical separator line
Range: Hex Color Code
thickness : Number [+]
Thickness in pixels of the vertical separator line.
Range: In Pixels
alpha : Number [+]
Alpha of the vertical separator line.
Range: 0 - 100
dashed : Boolean [+]
Whether the vertical separator line should be rendered as dashed lines.
Default value: 0 (vertical separator line rendered using straight lines)
Range: 0/1
dashLen : Number [+]
Sets the width of each dash when vertical separator line is rendered as dashed lines.
Range: In pixels
dashGap : Number [+]
Sets the gap between consecutive dashes when vertical separator line is rendered as dashed lines.
Range: In pixels
label : String [+]
Label for the vertical separator line, if to be shown.
Note: The label attribute


of playing Urza's Saga?
The biggest drawback of the card is the space it takes in your list. It is good in multiples and good early, so playing just one is ok but probably not optimal. So then you have to think about how many colorless lands you can really play, and what you'll have to cut. Different answers have been given to that question – see the decklist section for more discussion.
The other drawbacks are that (1) it sends itself to the graveyard; (2) it is an enchantment; and (3) it is somewhat mana intensive. Sending itself to the graveyard means that it puts you down a land when it dies. You can often find Mox Diamond with it so that you don't lose mana, but that's not always an option and you don't always have Loam to get it back. As an enchantment, it is a prime target for opposing Force of Vigors, which can be a bit back-breaking when they tag your Mox and your Saga. It also enables your opponents to turn things like Disenchant into land destruction (though does anyone play Disenchant anymore?).
The card is also quite mana-hungry. To get the full two constructs, you need to spend effectively 6 mana over two turns. Six mana over two turns for a pair of constructs and a 1 mana artifact isn't a bad deal, but it can be clunky when you want to cast other spells and have to choose between constructs or Sylvan Library, for example. In the early turns when you want to drop lock pieces or be porting your opponent, your mana can be somewhat strained.
These drawbacks are far from making the card unplayable, but they're things to keep in mind.
How does Urza's Saga interact with Thespian's Stage?
When Saga was spoiled, I was blowing up my judge friend's phone with questions. Every interaction was more confusing than the last, but to answer the main question – yes, you can end up with a land that can create constructs forever and will not die to being a saga.
To explain how this works, imagine Thespian's Stage as a troupe of actors, and the play they're learning is the story of Urza's Saga.
When Stage first copies Saga, the actors have just started learning and can't actually do anything except be actors. In real magic terms, this means that you will have an Urza's Saga with 0 chapters and thus with no abilities (except the Thespian's Stage ability). At this point, the actors can't even figure out how to tap for mana. Note that this is true no matter how many chapters are on the Saga you're copying. Stage copies only the text printed on the card, not any abilities the card may have gained. Thus it will always be a blank saga to start out with – your actors don't have any clifnotes.
Then, when you hit the first main phase of your turn, the actors learn the first chapter of the Saga. At this point, your land will gain a lore counter and, in the process, gain the ability to tap for mana. Good job, actors!
In the next first main phase, your actors are really getting into it and now they can build constructs just like Urza used to! Like the original Saga, the Stage-Saga will gain another lore counter at the start of the main phase and thus gain the ability to make constructs just like a normal Saga could.
But now here comes the tricky part. When your Stage-Saga hits your first main phase for the third time, your actors are so engrossed in the Saga that they are willing to die to stay true to the story. In the game, this means that if you don't copy a new land, the Stage-Saga will get its third counter and go the graveyard just like a normal Saga would.
But you don't have to do this. Instead, while the third chapter trigger is on the stack (or at any point before it resolves), you can use Stage's copy ability to copy another land that is not a saga. If you do this, you will now have a land that has (1) all the abilities of the land you copy; (2) the usual Stage ability to copy other lands; and (3) the abilities Stage gained while it was a Saga. Because of how layers work, Stage will have 'gained' abilities, not just copied them, and thus it will keep those abilities as it turns into other lands. Your actors are now a traveling troupe, playing Urza's Saga at different locations. If you choose to copy a fresh land with the third chapter trigger on the stack, you will even get to search up an artifact for your troubles, all without sacrificing your Stage (since it will not be a saga when the third chapter ability resolves). The result is that you could well have a basic forest that can make constructs. Kinda neat!
Does Urza's Saga replace Field of the Dead?
Urza's Saga could replace Field of the Dead if you want it to. Because of the interaction with Stage, Saga can be used to create a creature every turn and thus provide the same kind of threatening inevitability that Field does, all while being available a lot earlier and asking much less in the way of setup. Plus Saga's creatures are just bigger – 4/4s and 5/5s vs 2/2s. For more arguments in favor of cutting Field for Saga, watch Jarvis Yu's stream.
That said, I'm not personally 100% sold on the idea of cutting Field. Unlike Saga, Field can create multiple creatures in a single turn, which can often be the difference in bailing you out of a bad board position. Field also has the potential to make zombies the turn you draw it, requires no mana investment, and does not ask you to have a free Stage for it to be effective. Copying Saga with Stage and then copying a fresh land means taking several turns and a minimum of 6 mana to get a permanent source of constructs; that's a lot of mana in the early game and a lot of time in the late game where every top-deck can matter. So while I would probably play 3 Sagas before the first Field, I think the potential upside of one Field is worth not playing the 4th Saga.
How does Urza's Saga interact with Blood Moon?
Urza's Saga has an odd interaction with Blood Moon, Spreading Seas, and other effects that turn a land into a completely different land. When these effects hit Saga, it turns into an Enchantment Land – Saga Mountain (or Island, or what have you). But it also loses all its other relevant saga abilities. This means that its max chapter is no longer determined by the text of the card, but instead defaults to zero. Then, since its number of lore counters is greater than or equal to the max chapter number, it goes to the graveyard as a state-based effect.
The details may be a bit tricky, but the bottom line is – Blood Moon destroys Urza's Saga upon resolution.
What does a list with Urza's Saga look like?
Ok, so maybe you're sold on the card, maybe you're not, but at the very least you've heard enough to need some actual lists. The crucial question for these lists is: what do we cut for Saga? To this there are more or less 2 different answers. You can cut Rishadan Port, since it is another colorless land. Or you can cut nonland threats like Sylvan Library/Valakut Exploration since Urza's Saga increases your threat density and thus makes those kinds of threats less necessary. Below are a series of decklists to give you a sense of what people are trying (apologies for the differing formats, but people like to post their lists in different places). If necessary, open the images in a new tab to make them bigger.
Here are some examples of the first school of thought, where we shave a few Valakut Exploration but ultimately still play a decent suite of value enchantments alongside Sagas:
from the 5-0 deck dump, vod here
thanks to Neoshinji for this list
thanks to alli for this list
The common theme in these lists is that you don't really get to play Port. Some are playing a single extra Ghost Quarter instead, which is an interesting alternative.
Next we also have the Library-less lists like the semi-experimental one Jarvis Yu played on his stream:
thanks to Jarvis Yu for this decklist
And this other option from Monroe on the Lands discord:
thanks to heymonroe of Turn Zero Games for this decklist
These lists are going harder on Saga (playing the full set) and leaning on it together with the traditional Lands package to carry them. They don't have value enchantment engines, but the thinking is that with Saga, you don't need them.
I'd be remiss if I didn't also mention another super cool piece of technology due to alli – BUG Saga Lands, a list that leans heavily on artifact synergies and Academy Ruins along with Urza's Saga!
thanks to alli for this list
The interaction between Academy Ruins and Baleful Strix is pretty great, and Saga can find Nihil Spellbomb here for what is likely the best 1cmc graveyard-hate artifact there is.
Wrapping up – where does Urza's Saga fit?
Of course, none of these lists are definitive or set in stone. What is clear is that Urza's Saga is a powerful effect and one that Lands is uniquely suited to take advantage of. That said, I've played maybe 30 or so matches with the card, so I can hardly claim to


text:
Seminole County, Georgia
From Ancestry.com Wiki
|This article is a stub. Help us to expand it by contributing your knowledge. For county page guidelines, visit U.S. County Page Content Suggestions.|
Seminole is a county in Georgia. It was formed in 1920 from the following county/ies: Decatur/Early. Seminole began keeping birth records in 1921, marriage records in 1921, and death records in 1921. It began keeping land records in 1921, probate records in 1921, and court records in 1921. For more information, contact the county at P.O. Box 458, Donalsonville 31745. On the attached map, Seminole is located at J2.
For information about the state of Georgia see Georgia Family History Research.


text:
Aimed at a variety of readerships, Experiencing God in Unexpected Places is for those who want to know more about the meaning and significance of the Beatitudes, and to gain a greater understanding of the nature of joy and blessing.
The book will also help people who are coming to terms with difficult times, and all those who struggle to understand how we can experience God, his joy and blessing, even in the more negative situations in life – sometimes more so.
Patrick Coghlan examines how we are able to deal with the more negative experiences often faced in life; to have a deeper joy, to receive more of God's blessing, and to experience the Triune God (God the Father, Jesus the Son and the Holy Spirit) in new and significant ways eternally. Also, how we can appreciate more fully all the joy and blessings that God showers upon us on a daily basis; though not everyone attributes them to God.
Each Beatitude is divided into two halves, which are looked at in alternate chapters. The first half is the challenge of the Beatitude, and the second half is the blessing of the Beatitude. The Appendix at the end of the resource invites and assists the reader to go on a physical journey of prayer, based on the Beatitudes.


Account Factory - provision AWS Accounts
Account Factory provision aws accounts
What is an Account Factory?
The Account Factory is a solution to manage account creation and bootstrapping in a scalable and efficient manner so that new accounts are created with a defined baseline and governance guardrails are in place. If you want to get your hands dirty with an Account Factory - you can take a look at this workshop.
Why should I use a Account Factory?
 1. ⚙ Equivalent process for every account
 2. 💸 Save time and resources
 3. 🔐 Secure and well-architected accounts
 4. 📜 Documented process
 5. 🔌 Native integration to your ticket system like Jira - ServiceNow; this means that internal approval processes can be used to trigger the Account provisioning
 6. 🚀 Ready to use accounts in minutes
What solutions are outside for account provisioning?
If you use the Control Tower for your Landing Zone it's coming already with an Account Factory - there's also already existent solutions to customize the Account Factory to your needs. Even if you use the official landing zone solution there are some examples of Account vending machines on github.
What steps are part of an account factory?
 1. Creation of a new AWS Account - the first part of the Account Factory is to provision a new Account, the solution is using the organizations API for that.
 💡 Activate IamUserAccessToBilling - othwerwise only the root user of the new account can access account billing information.
 1. Deploy the baseline template to new AWS Accounts - regardless of whether you want to provide resources via API / CDK, StackSets or CodePipeline, you need a role that you can assume in the new account, so we need an AccountBaseline that includes a role with trust for the management or automation account.
 1. Remove default VPC - A default VPC is suitable for getting started quickly - not for production workloads.
 1. Deploy security baseline and other customized ressources - this step includes eg.: the activation of GuardDuty, Config, CloudTrail - if you dont use the Organizational Trail, creation of own VPC, security notification service etc. You can use StackSets or CodePipeline for that. It would make sense to separate the configuration which stacks /resources you want to activate from the actual Account Factory. 💡 You can for example use SSM Parameter Store for that - You could also think of using different configs for services, which are deployed in to new accounts or not depending on the selection in the Account Factory.
 1. Optional:
 - Use support case API to activate enterprise Account in the new Account.
 - Activate root MFA automatically.
 1. Move new Account to desired organizional unit. According to best practices, it is recommend to structure your accounts in an organization and assign scps to organizational units. Since SCPs can cause problems when providing a new account, I recommend to move the new accounts at the end of the Account Factory to the corresponding unit.
 1. Send status mail or slack / teams message. In order to get a status overview of the new Account, you should think of collecting information while the Account Factory is running and send them as a message to the new Account owner or governance at scale team.
Account Factory Example Architecture
Account Factory Example Architecture
Creating and managing Accounts in AWS
Best Practice for creating and managing Accounts in AWS
Feb 7th 2021
David Krohn
Detect noncompliant Lambda runtimes in your environment
Use AWS Config Rules to detect noncompliant Lambda runtimes
Jan 19th 2021
David Krohn
Tasks that require root user
It is AWS best practice to not use the root user. However, there are certain Tasks which requires root credentials.
Oct 22nd 2020
David Krohn


text:
The Ronald Lee Sterner Trust Fund
Ronald Lee Sterner was adopted through Covenant Children's Home by the Sterner family in the 1950's. Tragically Ronald died as a young child. In 1957 the Sterner family established the Ronald Lee Sterner Trust in his memory. The Board of Covenant Children's Home was named as the Administrator of the trust. The purpose of the trust to was to encourage and enable other vulnerable children to pursue a post-high school education through scholarship grants.
Today Covenant Children's Ministries continues to administer funds generated by the trust in accordance with the wishes of the Sterner family. Special consideration is given to "orphaned children" as defined by the trust, and to former residents and clients of Covenant Children's Home. Other factors considered are students from "broken homes," those attending schools of Christian emphasis, and students pursuing careers in Christian service or one of the helping professions. Over the years, as the trust fund has grown, Covenant Children's Ministries has helped hundreds of worthy students achieve their educational goals, and it continues to do so today.
If you have any questions about the Ronald Lee Sterner Grant or are in need of additional information, please direct all inquiries to _EMAIL_


text:
The Cotton and Cashew Council of Côte d'Ivoire has called upon CORAF to support the country's National Cashew Research Program (PNRA), as it seeks to revamp and strengthen the sector in the country.
The Council expressed the wish during the workshop on updating the PNRA, which was held from February 22 to 24, 2022, in Yamoussoukro, Côte d'Ivoire.
The three-day workshop reviewed the activities and the strategy of the PNRA.
The main objective of the PNRA is to intensify the production and development of cashew in Côte d'Ivoire, in order to double the production by 2030 on the one hand, and on the other hand, to ensure the processing of all the production and the development of by-products.
Côte d'Ivoire aims to be one of the world's leading producers of cashew. It is therefore important for the country to put in place mechanisms that strengthen the sector and make it more sustainable, more resilient and especially more profitable for farmers,"said Dr. Abdou Tenkouano, the Executive Director of CORAF.
The workshop on the updating of the PNRA was therefore held with the aim of readjusting the program's strategy, in order to adapt it to current challenges and boost the cashew sector.
Following the discussions, CORAF is expected to intervene in two areas:
- The PNRA plans to set up Cashew Development Centers (CeDeCa). It is expected that CORAF will help train the actors of the sector, especially researchers, on the Integrated Agricultural Research for Development (IAR4D) approach, and innovation platforms. The training is expected to take place in Yamoussoukro, Côte d'Ivoire.
- The PNRA plans to create a Cashew Center of Excellence (CEC). On this side, CORAF is expected to provide technical support (monitoring — advice) for the establishment of the CEC.
"CORAF will support the PNRA to achieve its objectives. With the transfer of skills and technologies that CORAF encourages, the achievements of Côte d'Ivoire will certainly benefit other countries of the sub-region for a good development of the cashew sector in the sub-region," argued Dr Tenkouano.
The cashew sector is one of the main sectors of Ivorian agriculture.
According to Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) data, Côte d'Ivoire topped the world production of unshelled cashew nuts in 2020 with a production of 848,700 tons, ahead of India which had a production of 772,779 tons and far ahead of the second African producer which was Burundi, with 300,910 tons.


3.3. Foreign Keys
Recall the weather and cities tables from Chapter 2. Consider the following problem: You want to make sure that no one can insert rows in the weather table that do not have a matching entry in the cities table. This is called maintaining the referential integrity of your data. In simplistic database systems this would be implemented (if at all) by first looking at the cities table to check if a matching record exists, and then inserting or rejecting the new weather records. This approach has a number of problems and is very inconvenient, so PostgreSQL can do this for you.
The new declaration of the tables would look like this:
CREATE TABLE cities (
 city varchar(80) primary key,
 location point
);
CREATE TABLE weather (
 city varchar(80) references cities(city),
 temp_lo int,
 temp_hi int,
 prcp real,
 date date
);
Now try inserting an invalid record:
INSERT INTO weather VALUES ('Berkeley', 45, 53, 0.0, '1994-11-28');
ERROR: insert or update on table "weather" violates foreign key constraint "weather_city_fkey"
DETAIL: Key (city)=(Berkeley) is not present in table "cities".
The behavior of foreign keys can be finely tuned to your application. We will not go beyond this simple example in this tutorial, but just refer you to Chapter 5 for more information. Making correct use of foreign keys will definitely improve the quality of your database applications, so you are strongly encouraged to learn about them.
copyright © July 07 2015 sean dreilinger url: _URL_


text:
Coupled cells with internal symmetry.1. Wreath products
UNSPECIFIED. (1996) Coupled cells with internal symmetry.1. Wreath products. NONLINEARITY, 9 (2). pp. 559-574. ISSN 0951-7715Full text not available from this repository.
In this paper and its sequel we study arrays of coupled identical cells that possess a 'global' symmetry group g, and in which the cells possess their own 'internal' symmetry group L. We focus on general existence conditions for symmetry-breaking steady-state and Hopf bifurcations. The global and internal symmetries can combine in two quite different ways, depending on how the internal symmetries affect the coupling. Algebraically, the symmetries either combine to give the wreath product L (sic) g of the two groups or the direct product L x g. Here we develop a theory for the wreath product: we analyse the direct product case in the accompanying paper (henceforth referred to as II).
The wreath product case occurs when the coupling is invariant under internal symmetries. The main objective of the paper is to relate the patterns of steady-state and Hopf bifurcation that occur in systems with the combined symmetry group L (sic) g to the corresponding bifurcations in systems with symmetry L or g. This organizes the problem by reducing it to simpler questions whose answers can often be read off from known results.
The basic existence theorem for steady-state bifurcation is the equivariant branching lemma, which states that under appropriate conditions there will be a symmetry-breaking branch of steady states for any isotropy subgroup with a one-dimensional fixed-point subspace, We call such an isotropy subgroup axial. The analogous result for equivariant Hopf bifurcation involves isotropy subgroups with a two-dimensional fixed-point subspace, which we call C-axial because of an analogy involving a natural complex structure. Our main results are classification theorems for axial and C-axial subgroups in wreath products.
We study some typical examples, rings of cells in which the internal symmetry group is O(2) and the global symmetry group is dihedral. As these examples illustrate, one striking consequence of our general results is that systems with wreath product coupling often have states in which some cells are performing nontrivial dynamics, while others remain quiescent. We also discuss the common occurrence of heteroclinic cycles in wreath product systems.
|Item Type:||Journal Article|
|Subjects:||Q Science > QA Mathematics
Q Science > QC Physics
|Journal or Publication Title:||NONLINEARITY|
|Publisher:||IOP PUBLISHING LTD|
|Official Date:||March 1996|
|Number of Pages:||16|
|Page Range:||pp. 559-574|
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text:
Ancient Yoruba civilization believed that one's hair is tied to their spiritually. They believed it was an extension of the beings spiritually to the Orishas (African gods and goddesses). They actually created different braided hairstyles that females wore to be more spiritual.
"Dada", was the term given to people who wore loc'd hair and it was derived from a spirit child that was born with loc'd hair. The spirit child was born with full grown locs, meaning that straight out of the womb their hair would already be twisted. The tale behind the "Dada spirit child" was that the parents could not cut the child's hair, because they would feel the wrath of the spirit world. If the parents chose to cut the child's hair they could not do so without performing a ceremony. If the child chooses to keep his or her hair, Yoruba elders would acknowledge that child as going on a spiritual journey and that is why "Dada"are also said to be taking a spiritual journey as well.
Today, in Nigerian culture loc'd hair is viewed as evil and dirty, and the tradition of the Orishas and beliefs is no longer practiced. Even though when a "Dada spirit child" is born the parents still practice that ceremony before cutting the child's hair. Irony!
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How to Become a Dialysis Travel Nurse
How To Become A Dialysis Travel Nurse
How To Become a Dialysis Travel Nurse
What is Dialysis Nursing?
Dialysis nursing is a nursing subspecialty under the field of nephrology nusing. A dialysis nurse focuses on the condition of the renal system and kidneys, including hemodialysis, which is a type of machine used to clean the blood, and peritoneal dialysis, a special fluid that's injected into a patient's abdominal cavity. They help to monitor and ensure wastes are flushed out and impurities are cleansed, especially in patients whose kidneys are not working properly. These nurses also help to educate both the patient and his or her family in how to deal with the disease and maintain a healthier lifestyle. They work in clinic settings, intensive care units and in patients' homes.
What Is a Dialysis Travel Nurse?
Instead of working directly for a facility, a dialysis travel nurse works for a healthcare travel company, typically through a recruiter who helps to set the nurse up on an assignment in various locations, usually for 13-week periods.
An increasing number of facilities are hiring dialysis travel nurses, with the need for just about every type of nurse growing at a much faster rate than the national average for all careers. If you'd like to work in the healthcare industry and enjoy the flexibility that travel nursing brings, taking assignments in different areas throughout the country, you might want to think about becoming a dialysis travel nurse.
Learn about dialysis travel nursing jobs
The Benefits of Being a Dialysis Travel Nurse
Being a dialysis nurse can be very rewarding. If you ask any one of the hundreds of thousands of patients who receive dialysis regularly, they'll tell you what a difference dialysis nurses make in their lives. People who have renal failure often have a long list of challenges to face but having a highly-skilled nurse who knows them well can make dealing with it a lot easier.
In addition to working in a very satisfying job, dialysis travel nurses have the opportunity to earn higher salaries, explore the country, get low-cost or free housing and many other perks.
Typical Salary for Dialysis Travel Nurses
The average salary for a non-traveling dialysis nurse if $76,710. Dialysis travel nurses make an average of $96,000, depending on location in addition to other benefits, such as paid housing or a housing stipend, free travel and health insurance. The US Bureau of Labor Statistics reports that the need for dialysis nurses will grow at 26% over the next decade, meaning whether you're a traditional dialysis RN working for a hospital or you decide to become a dialysis travel nurse, you're unlikely to have much difficulty in finding a job.
Compare dialysis opportunities from the top travel nursing agencies
How to Become a Dialysis Travel Nurse
 1. Become a Licensed Registered Nurse
 A Dialysis travel nurse must first become a licensed Registered Nurse. To become a licensed RN you must graduate from a two year (Associate's degree) or four year (bachelor's degree) nursing program approved by your state Board of Nursing. Then the National Council Licensure Examination-Registered Nurse (NCLEX-RN) must be taken and passed.
 2. Gain Experience As a Registered Nurse
 Once the NCLEX-RN has been passed, you may begin working as a Registered Nurse. To become a dialysis travel nurse, a minimum of one year of experience working in a Dialysis setting is required– two years of experience is ideal. Relevant experience in nephrology nursing is required to qualify for the dialysis nurse certification exam.
 3. Obtain Credentials and Certifications
 Dialysis nurses will need to be certified in basic life support (BLS) and advanced cardiac life support (ACLS). After relevant experience has been obtained, you may be eligible to sit for the Certified Nephrology Nurse Certification (CNN) exam and/or the Certified Dialysis Nurse (CDN) exam.
 4. Compare Travel Nursing Companies
 Once the required licenses, certifications and relevant experience are obtained, a nurse is eligible to become a travel Dialysis nurse. There are hundreds of travel nursing companies with Dialysis positions. A nurse should speak with several companies and compare what each company offers. Factors to consider when comparing travel nurse companies are: housing (agency based vs. stipend), benefits (medical, dental, 401k, completion bonus), salary (hourly wage, allowances, overtime), guaranteed hours policy, and travel nursing destinations (availability of jobs in the geographic location the nurse wants to work).
 5. Choose a Travel Nursing Company & Accept A Position
 After comparing travel nursing companies and what each has to offer, the nurse will decide on a position and will be offered a contract. The travel nursing contract must be read carefully and fully understood. The nurse must ensure all questions are answered before signing the contract and accepting the position.
Want to learn more about dialysis travel nursing jobs? Start here.


text:
Matar Fluids Group (MFG) received funding from Imperial College London to develop the technology, with which they have created a VR programme that enables students to experience fluid dynamics from within a liquid flow with real-time feedback through touch and sound.
Each student in the classroom is provided with a VR headset, headphones and two handheld controllers. As well as being able to view a liquid flow from 360 degrees on the outside, they are also able to dive in and see how the flow behaves from within. In addition, the programme enables them to manipulate particles and measure the impact of their movements, bringing to life the mathematical equations for these processes.
In one simulation, a flow of liquid is presented in a pipe. Users can shoot particles into the pipe and observe how they travel down it, seeing how they move faster at the centre of the pipe and slower near the edge.
In addition to visual cues, students are able to hear and feel the impact of pressure. When the pressure of the liquid flow is higher, a high-pitched sound can be heard and a vibration felt in the handheld controllers – much like the rumblepack on a games console.
Third year undergraduate Aniket Chitre said: "It's quite cool how they've made it sound near the walls of the pipe. The stress is higher near the walls and quieter near the centre.
I think I'll remember this better than a mathematical derivation – it solidifies learning in a more memorable way".


text:
equilibrium and gravity on a uniform beam
View Single Post
Apr6-09, 06:24 PM
Hi alexandertg6! Welcome to PF!
a uniform beam of length 12.0 m is supported by a horizontal cable and a hinge at angle θ = 70° with the vertical. The tension in the cable is 500 N. Find the gravitational force on the beam in unit vector notation and the force on the beam from the hinge in unit vector notation.
T =.5(horizontal distance) ( gravity) (mass)/ vertical distance
500 = (.5(9.8)(12sin70)m)/(12cos70)
hmm … you've taken moments about the hinge
but what's 12sin70º?


Webinar: Air Technical Modeling predicting System Performance.
Using Air Technical Simulations for Better Balanced dust and vapor extraction Systems. Data-driven air technical modeling, lab results and factory measurements contribute to building economical dust & vapor extraction systems that are reliable over the long term with a truly meaningful process guarantee.
Why air technical (GCM) Modeling?
Industrial dust collection and ventilation systems are relatively easy to build but very hard to operate in a stable, reliable, and efficient manner. That is, if the system has not been modeled beforehand and pressure drop measurements and optimal extraction velocities/ piping diameters are not calculated or simulated properly.
Read more on JOA GCM-Modeling here.
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text:
Free Surface Tank Filling CFD Simulation
This animation, created by Caedium Professional, shows a transient multiphase CFD simulation of water filling a tank that is initially filled with air. The free surface is shown as blue for the air-side surface and red for the water-side surface. Each frame of the animation was automatically rendered by POV-Ray (a ray-tracer) through Caedium.
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For such a simple geometry it is worth the extra effort to produce a multi-block hexahedra mesh. This means constraining the geometry during construction to be volumes with 6 faces. Once complete the multiple volumes can then be connected at common faces to form a continuous flow domain.
With a constrained multi-block topology the meshing can then produce hexahedra cells. Typically hexahedra are more accurate for CFD simulations compared to other element shapes.
Rather than post process a huge amount of flow data (there were 600 frames in the movie) after the simulation was finished to create the movie, Caedium simultaneously initiated each frame render in POV-Ray while the simulation was running.
For comparison a native (non-ray traced) render of the same frame is shown below:
Checkout Caedium tutorials on:
- Multi-block topology construction at "Water Tank"
- Movie creation for a tank filling simulation at "Transient Water and Air Flow in a Tank"
See "POV-Ray" for instructions on using it to render movie frames in Caedium.
Recent blog posts
- Perfect Gifts for CFDers
- Intuition and Fluid Dynamics
- Turbulence Model Selection
- Double Diffusers and F-Ducts Explained
- Fluid Dynamics News: Hydraulic Capsule Pipelines and Fish Farming Sea Cages
- Symmetry for CFD to the Rescue
- Amazing 3D Maze Solved by CFD
- Amazing CFD
- In Search of The Remaining 20 in The Pareto 80-20 Rule
- Never Settle For Facets


text:
Everything you need to understand or teach Sonnet XXIX by Elizabeth Barrett Browning.
Barrett Browning's first statement ("I think of thee!") is, in part, the subject of the poem, for the entire sonnet attempts to imitate, through its imagery and sound, the dynamics of her mind dwelling on Browning, her fond yet absent lover. (Though readers customarily use the term "speaker" to note the difference between a poet and the voice behind his or her work, in the case of "Sonnet XXIX" one can speak of Barrett Browning as the speaker, since the poems are deliberate and undisguised addresses to her husband.) Barrett Browning compares her thoughts of Browning to "wild vines" that "twine and bud" about a tree here, the "tree" is Browning. Like vines, Barrett Browning's thoughts of Browning grow more profuse with the passing of time; eventually, they grow to such length and density (as they "Put out broad leaves") that they cover the tree that gives them a place... View more of the Sonnet XXIX Summary


text:
The Heritage Highway
By the 1820s, several garrison towns had been built between Launceston and Hobart, and by the middle of the 19th century, convict labor had produced what was considered to be the finest highway of its time in Australia. Today, many of the towns along the Heritage Highway harbor magnificent examples of Georgian and Victorian architecture. It takes about 2 hours to drive between Launceston and Hobart on this route (also known as the A1, or the Midland Hwy.), but you could easily spend a couple of days exploring. Picturesque Ross (121km/75 miles north of Hobart or 78km/48 miles south of Launceston) is one of Tasmania's best-preserved historic villages. Ross was established as a garrison town in 1812 on a strategically important crossing point on the Macquarie River. Ross Bridge, the third oldest in Australia, was built in 1836. The bridge is decorated with Celtic symbols, animals, and faces of notable people of the time. It is lit up at night, and there are good views of it from the river's north bank.
The town's main crossroads is the site of four historic buildings, humorously known as "Temptation" (the Man-o'-Ross Hotel), "Salvation" (the Catholic church), "Recreation" (the town hall), and "Damnation" (the old jail). The Tasmanian Wool Centre, 48 Church St., details the growth of the region and the wool industry since settlement. It also houses the Ross Visitor Information Centre (tel. 03/6381 5466; _URL_), and both are open daily from 9am to 5pm. If you are so charmed you want to stay overnight, try the historic Colonial Cottages of Ross (tel. 03/6381 5354; _URL_) or the Ross Bakery Inn (tel. 03/6381 5246; _URL_), an 1832 convict-built coaching inn. Both are on Church Street.
Note: This information was accurate when it was published, but can change without notice. Please be sure to confirm all rates and details directly with the companies in question before planning your trip.


verbose parameter when starting the agent. There are four supported values for verbose:
 - 0 : Error
 - 1 : Warning
 - 2 : Informational
 - 3 : Debug
If you set the verbose parameter to 1 in your call to start, then messages with a severity level of Warning or Error are logged, while Informational and Debug messages are ignored.
To log all messages, set verbose to 3 when starting the agent:
googlecloudprofiler.start(service='service_name', verbose=3)
Troubleshooting
This section lists limitations, exceptions, and known issues that are specific to profiling Python applications. See Troubleshooting for help with common problems.
Limitations
Profile type Restrictions and limitations
Wall time
 - Main-thread profiling only.
 - The profile start function must be called from the main thread.
 - The Profiler signal handler executes only on the main thread. If the main thread cannot execute, no profiling data is captured.
Exceptions
Error Cause Solution
NotImplementedError thrown during start Application executed in a non-Linux environment.
 - Execute your application in a Linux environment.
ValueError thrown during start The start function arguments are invalid, necessary information can't be determined from the environment variables and arguments, or profiling if both CPU time profiling and Wall time profiling are disabled.
 - Ensure the service name and version meet the requirements defined in Service name and version arguments.
 - If Wall profiling is enabled, make sure start is called from the main thread.
 - Ensure that you are using a supported version of Python and that CPU time or Wall time profiling is enabled. For more information, see start function.
 - Check that you have specified the project_id parameter to start if you are running outside of Google Cloud. For more information, see start function.
Known issues
Behavior Cause Solution
You don't have any profile data or you enabled a new profile type and are missing profile data. Common causes are related to configuration. See Troubleshooting.
You are using uWSGI and you don't have CPU time and Wall profile data for all processes.
When uWSGI uses multiple workers to handle requests, the default behavior is to perform application initialization only in the primary ("master") process. The forked processes don't perform the initialization sequence.
If you configure the profiling agent in your application's initialization sequence, for example, in AppConfig.ready() in a Django application, then the effect is that the profiling agent isn't configured for the forked processes.
To perform application initialization in all worker processes, set the flag lazy-apps to true.
See the next topic in this table for a related issue.
You are using uWSGI and you don't have Wall profile data, but you do have CPU time profile data.
The Wall profiler depends on the Python signal module. When the Python interpreter is compiled with thread support, the default configuration disables custom signal handling for forked processes.
For uWSGI applications, enable the custom signal handling by setting the flag py-call-osafterfork to true.
See the previous topic in this table for a related issue.
After enabling the profiler, the error log contains new entries:
BlockingIOError: [Errno 11] Resource temporarily unavailable Exception ignored when trying to write to the signal wakeup fd
GitHub issue
Your application registered with the signal wakeup file descriptor, signal.set_wakeup_fd. By default, if the file descriptor's buffer fills then a warning is logged to stderr.
When Cloud Profiler collects profiles it triggers signals with high frequency. This behavior can cause the file descriptor's buffer to become full.
If your application can run safely when signals are lost, then you can use Cloud Profiler. If you are using Python 3.7 or later and want to disable the warning messages, then pass warn_on_full_buffer=False as a parameter to signal.set_wakeup_fd.
If your application can't safely run when signals are lost, then we recommend that you stop using Cloud Profiler. Continued use might cause loss of signal numbers and excessive entries in the error log.
Running with Linux Alpine
The Python profiling agent for Linux Alpine is supported only for Google Kubernetes Engine configurations.
To build the Python profiling agent, you must install the package build-base. To use the Python profiling agent on Alpine without installing additional dependencies on to the final Alpine image, you can use a two-stage build and compile the Python profiling agent in the first stage. For example, the following Docker image uses a multi-stage build to compile and install the Python profiling agent:
FROM python:3.7-alpine as builder
# Install build-base to allow for compilation of the profiling agent.
RUN apk add --update --no-cache build-base
# Compile the profiling agent, generating wheels for it.
RUN pip3 wheel --wheel-dir=/tmp/wheels google-cloud-profiler
FROM python:3.7-alpine
# Copy over the directory containing wheels for the profiling agent.
COPY --from=builder /tmp/wheels /tmp/wheels
# Install the profiling agent.
RUN pip3 install --no-index --find-links=/tmp/wheels google-cloud-profiler
# Install any other required modules or dependencies, and copy an app which
# enables the profiler as described in "Enable the profiler in your
# application".
COPY ./bench.py .
# Run the application when the docker image is run, using either CMD (as is done
# here) or ENTRYPOINT.
CMD python3 -u bench.py
Authentication error
If you use Docker images that run with Linux Alpine (such as golang:alpine or just alpine), you might see the following authentication error:
connection error: desc = "transport: authentication handshake failed: x509: failed to load system roots and no roots provided"
Note that to see the error you must have agent logging enabled.
The error indicates that the Docker images with Linux Alpine don't have the root SSL certificates installed by default. Those certificates are necessary for the profiling agent to communicate with the profiler API. To resolve this error, add the following apk command to your Dockerfile:
FROM alpine
...
RUN apk add --no-cache ca-certificates
You then need to rebuild and redeploy your application.
What's next


text: Nikhil is examining the interaction between large-scale fluctuations in buffaloberry (Shepherdia canadensis) fruit production and the nutritional, population, and movement dynamics of grizzly bears in Alberta. Buffaloberries are a critical component of the diet of bears during the late-summer period prior to hibernation, but fruit crops can vary dramatically among years and habitats. Little is known about the environmental variables that regulate buffaloberry fruiting and the effects of intraand inter-annual variation in fruit production on the health, habitat use and demography of grizzly bears. Nikhil will investigate these spatial-temporal interactions using biochemical and traditional monitoring methods, as well as shrub manipulations and exclosure experiments to examine fruiting dynamics and interspecific competition for berries. He is also interested in how these resource pulse-consumer dynamics may relate to incidences of human-bear conflict.


Manufacturing tolerances effects on PV array energy production
Risultato della ricerca: Otherpeer review
10 Citazioni (Scopus)
Abstract
This paper investigates the tolerance effects of commercial photovoltaic modules in terms of electrical energy reduction of photovoltaic plants. Several commercial modules, having the same rated power, present different power tolerance values. A wide tolerance is an indicator of possible defects or differences in the production process and is responsible of remarkable reductions in the electricity production of photovoltaic plants. In this paper, thanks to the development of a suitable simulation tool, several simulations have been carried out, considering different tolerance and shading conditions for the PV array. Simulation results quantify the peak power value of the different plant configurations underlining the importance of the choice of modules with reduced rated power tolerance.
Lingua originaleEnglish
Numero di pagine6
Stato di pubblicazionePublished - 2014
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
 - ???subjectarea.asjc.2100.2105???
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text:
Best Poster Honorable Mention
Spatial data is frequently used in urban planning contexts to support decision-making. This data can be used to plan routes through the city for public transportation or to designate zones for planning new businesses and residences. Unfortunately, few tools exist that allow non-programmers to rapidly utilize spatial data to create such plans. In this poster, we present SpaceSketch, a tool for rapidly constructing map-based visualizations using spatial data. SpaceSketch utilizes a sketch-based approach to visualization specification in which hand-drawn trajectories and regions are encoded using a user-specified model. Using SpaceSketch, map-based plans can be rapidly constructed, compared, and altered on a multitouch canvas.
Godwin, A. and Stasko, J.


text:
PLANT PROTECTION NUTRIENT FOR therapeutic plant LACALVA STRESS
WHAT IS PLANT PROTECTION? - DEFINITION
To help protect your therapeutic plant, we need the necessary nutrients to feed and heal our crops. For this task, we have our high-quality liquid fertilizer Lacalva Stress, which is dedicated to controlling the enemies of your crop.
Plant protection consists of having control of the nutrients your plant absorbs so that it can develop without any plague or deficiency in its growth.
This fertilizer helps to control plant diseases and ensure that the productivity of your crop is not limited and reduces the quantity and quality of the buds.
NUTRITIONAL FERTILIZERS ANTI STRESS - SUPER CONCENTRATED AMINO ACIDS FOR PLANTS - PROPERTIES
Balanced NPK recipe with a high content of amino acids, bioencapsulated manganese and secret ingredients, it is recommended for times of stress and maximum demand of your therapeutic plant or hemp plants, making them stronger and protecting them from any need or attack.
Its use is recommended in phase changes, as well as when there is a lack of nutrients or the plant suffers an attack, specifically designed by MADAME GROW® for times of maximum need, it provides all the necessary elements to overcome moments of stress.
The high concentration of amino acids makes our plant reach the end of the cycle with all the vigor and protection necessary to obtain a successful harvest.
Before any moment of stress, do not hesitate and treat your plant with LACALVA STRESS TREATMENT, and in a very short time you will see how it recovers its splendor.
COMPOSITION - VEGETABLE PROTECTION FERTILIZER
BEST VEGETABLE PROTECTION NUTRITIONAL FERTILIZERS
VEGETABLE PROTECTION AND NUTRITION FERTILIZER - INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE
SUPERCONCENTRATED, NPK 5-3-4: Root and foliar application, pour between 2 and 4 ml per liter of water, during the phase changes from growth to flowering, and at the beginning of fattening.
Plants can absorb amino acids in 2 ways:
- Root route: they would be absorbed the same as nitric or ammonium nitrogen and the sap will distribute it throughout the plant.
- Foliar route: It is the most used, since they can be applied together with other treatments such as foliar fertilizers, phytosanitary products, herbicides, etc.
It is convenient to use Lacalva Stress when your plant is lacking in nutrients or suffers an attack. We indicate the growing phases where it is most often used:
GROWTH PHASE FLOWERING PHASE
- Week 2: 2ml/l - Week 7: 2ml/l
- Week 3: 2ml/l - Week 8: 2ml/l
For more information, consult the MADAME GROW® Grow Table.
Product guaranteed by VEGETAL BIOPLANT laboratories.
BENEFITS OF SUPER AMINO ACID CONCENTRATE FOR PLANTS
Plant amino acids are closely related to plant growth and development. Some plant hormones are linked to amino acids or come from their transformation.
This makes the application of our super-concentrated amino acid fertilizer for plants LACALVA STRESS a success for the plant to overcome and develop in the face of any adversity.
The benefits of the plant protection fertilizer with concentrated amino acids manufactured by vegetalbioplant, are the following:
- Increase cell permeability.
- Improves the absorption and translation of nutrient ions.
- Increases flowering and decreases the number of floral abortions.
- Regulates osmotic processes.
- Accelerate the recovery of plants, subjected to adverse conditions, such as: transplants, transport, frost, wind, hail, pruning, suffocation, toxic effects of phytosanitary treatments, etc.
In short, this nutrient is essential to have an excellent flowering. Combined with micro-elements, they increase the weight and flavor of the buds.


, bottom. This property is optional if the offcanvas element has a "oj-offcanvas-" + class specified.
offcanvas.query string | null the media query determine when the offcanvas is fixed inside the viewport.
See:
Returns:
Type
void
(static) tearDownPanToReveal(offcanvas) : {void}
Removes the listener that was added in setupPanToReveal. Page authors should call tearDownPanToReveal when the offcanvas is no longer needed.
Parameters:
Name Type Description
offcanvas Object An Object contains the properties in the following table.
Properties:
Name Type Description
offcanvas.selector string JQ selector identifying the offcanvas
See:
Returns:
Type
void
(static) tearDownResponsive(offcanvas) : {void}
Removes the listener that was added in setupResponsive. Page authors should call tearDownResponsive when the offcanvas is no longer needed.
Parameters:
Name Type Description
offcanvas Object An Object contains the properties in the following table.
Properties:
Name Type Description
offcanvas.selector string JQ selector identifying the offcanvas
See:
Returns:
Type
void
(static) toggle(offcanvas) : {Promise.<boolean>}
Toggles the offcanvas in or out of the viewport. This method simply delegates to the open or close methods as appropriate.
Parameters:
Name Type Description
offcanvas Object An Object contains the properties in the following table.
Properties:
Name Type Argument Description
offcanvas.selector string JQ selector identifying the offcanvas.
offcanvas.content string JQ selector identifying the main content.
offcanvas.edge 'start' | 'end' | 'top' | 'bottom' <optional>
the edge of the offcanvas, valid values are start, end, top, bottom. This property is optional if the offcanvas element has a "oj-offcanvas-" + class specified.
offcanvas.displayMode 'push' | 'overlay' <optional>
how to show the offcanvas, valid values are push or overlay. Default: defined by theme.
offcanvas.autoDismiss 'focusLoss' | 'none' <optional>
close behavior, valid values are focusLoss and none. If autoDismiss is default(focusLoss) then any click outside the offcanvas will close it.
offcanvas.size string <optional>
size width or height of the offcanvas: width if edge is start or end and height if edge is to and bottom. Default to the computed width or height of the offcanvas.
offcanvas.modality 'modal' | 'modeless' <optional>
The modality of the offcanvas. Valid values are modal and modeless. Default: modeless. If the offcanvas is modal, interaction with the main content area is disabled like in a modal dialog.
See:
Returns:
A promise that is resolved to boolean true when all transitions have completed
Type
Promise.<boolean>


text:
Photovoltaic solar power generation is proven to be effective and sustainable but is currently hampered by relatively high costs and low conversion efficiency. This paper addresses both issues by presenting a low-cost and efficient temperature distribution analysis for identifying PV module mismatch faults by thermography. Mismatch faults reduce the power output and cause potential damage to PV cells. This paper firstly defines three fault categories in terms of fault levels, which lead to different terminal characteristics of the PV modules. The investigation of three faults is also conducted analytically and experimentally and maintenance suggestions are also provided for different fault types. The proposed methodology is developed to combine the electrical and thermal characteristics of PV cells subjected to different fault mechanisms through simulation and experimental tests. Furthermore, the fault diagnosis method can be incorporated into the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) schemes to shift the operating point of the PV string. The developed technology has improved over the existing ones in locating the faulty cell by a thermal camera, providing a remedial measure and maximizing the power output under faulty conditions.
|Number of pages||10|
|Journal||IEEE Transactions on Device and Materials Reliability|
|Early online date||15 Aug 2014|
|Publication status||Published - 2 Dec 2014|
- fault diagnosis
- photovoltaic power systems