text:
Chrysanthemum indicum L.NWSUAF
Name Submitted: Chrysanthemum indicum
Name: Chrysanthemum indicum
Match: Chrysanthemum indicum L.
Plant names were updated using the Taxanomic Name Resolution Service (_URL_)
Note: There may be other accepted names for a species not displayed here
The graphs are built from data from all publications in the database with this species name. In some cases this results in data from more than one variety included in the graph. In other cases the same species may have multiple graphs because of differences in names recorded for the plant.
View 0 Datasets


Business Development Bank of Canada - BDC
DEFINITION of 'Business Development Bank of Canada - BDC'
A financial institution that is wholly owned by the government of Canada providing financial and consulting services to small Canadian businesses.
BREAKING DOWN 'Business Development Bank of Canada - BDC'
Although the BDC provides its services to all small business, it focuses on the technology and exporting industries in particular. The BDC's vision as stated on their website is "to make a unique and significant contribution to the success of dynamic and innovative entrepreneurship in Canada."
 1. Investment Bank - IB
 2. Business Model
 3. Private Banking
 Personalized financial and banking services that are traditionally...
 4. Universal Banking
 5. Bank
 6. Retail Banking
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text:
Set for discussion
Study for strip looks like a dinner set on display, but it challenges expectations around such sets. Among the usual pieces – plates, bowls, jugs – are shards, swans, eyeballs, and skulls. Markings and colloquial messages are scrawled across some pieces, and others are broken or flawed.
Through the format of domestic pottery, Martin Poppelwell – potter and visual artist – is investigating language, design, and the role of art. He says that'strip' in the title refers to a disputed physical zone, like the Gaza Strip. So the dinner set becomes a metaphor for debate. Does art have a role in political discussion? What is the role of text in art? What is the relationship between the object and its decoration?
Works like this have earned Poppelwell a strong reputation as a contemporary potter in New Zealand.
Watch an interview with Martin Poppelwell
This text was prepared for the Collecting Contemporary exhibition, 2011–2012.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
B.S. in Human Biology Admission Requirements
Human biology applicants must meet all Kettering College admission criteria.
Profile of a Successful Human Biology Major
A student prepared for success in the human biology major has:
- A high school GPA of 3.00 or greater
- One year each of high school biology, chemistry, and physics
- At least two years of high school college-preparatory mathematics
In order to follow the suggested course of study, students must score at least 70 percent on the math placement test or provide transfer credit equivalent to MATH 105.
Requirements for Graduation
A grade of C- or above must be achieved in all required major courses, major elective courses, and required cognate courses, and the student must maintain a cumulative grade point average of at least 2.0 (C) in order to graduate with a major in human biology.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
It is common practice for private individuals and companies to hire cleaners. However, the arrival of the online platform Helpling, has changed the process considerably, making it more convenient. 'Customers' and cleaners are able to register with the Helpling platform. After registering, customers are able to select a cleaner on the basis of certain criteria. It is then up to the cleaner to either accept or refuse the cleaning job.
The interesting issue from an employment law perspective is the role that Helpling plays in this interaction between parties. For example, if Helpling turned out to be the employer of the cleaners, this would mean a long-term failure on its part to comply with the collective labour agreement for the cleaning and window-cleaning industry. If it were a question of job placement, this would mean Helpling had breached the Placement of Personnel by Intermediaries Act (Wet allocatie arbeidskrachten door intermediairs – "WAADI") by requesting a commission on the amount payable to the cleaners.
The FNV, one of the largest trade union in the Netherlands, brought proceedings against Helpling on this issue. A recent decision given by the Amsterdam Court on 1 July 2019 shows the arguments put forward by the parties and how the subdistrict judge ultimately ruled. Below is the summary:
The dispute mainly concerned the question of whether there was a relationship of authority between Helpling and the cleaner. This is an essential element for assuming the existence of an employment contract. One characteristic of the relationship of authority is the power to give instructions. In this context, Helpling's operational management demonstrates the following:
- The customer can contact Helpling by telephone and via the website, ask questions and submit complaints about the hired cleaner.
- Helpling offers the option of sending invoices on behalf of the cleaner, managing calendars and acting as the contact person for customers.
- If there are too many complaints, Helpling can close the cleaner's account.
According to the subdistrict judge, although these circumstances appear to constitute the power of giving instructions on the part of Helpling, they did not outweigh the following:
- The cleaners themselves set the rate at which they offer their services. This is an important difference with the operations of, for example, Deliveroo and Uber.
- The cleaners can decide for themselves if and when they will carry out the work. Cleaners who don't accept jobs do not have their rating reduced, as is the case with Uber, for example.
- The instructions for carrying out the assignment are provided by the customer.
- The only conditions that cleaners must comply with are Helpling's general terms & conditions for use of the platform.
Based on these facts, the subdistrict judge came to the conclusion that there was no relationship of authority between Helpling and the cleaner and that there was therefore no employment contract. This also means that the criteria for agency work – which was also suggested in the proceedings as a form of contract – have not been met.
Does this mean Helpling has won the battle against the FNV? Not quite. The clue can be found in the title to this blog. The subdistrict judge ruled that there is a question of job placement between Helpling, the customer and the cleaner. Thanks to Helpling's 'involvement', an employment contract is indeed formed between the customer and the cleaner. That is how Helpling meets the requirements for job placement, as set out in Article 1(1)(b) WAADI. Article 3(1) of the same Act then states that, in the case of job placement, Helpling may not ask the jobseeker (in this case the cleaner) for any compensation in return. This poses a major problem for Helpling, because its business model is to ask for a commission on the cleaner's wages.
The ruling means that Helpling will need to act quickly in order to find another, creative way to make money. However, the fact that the subdistrict judge – in view of this relatively new form of service provision – considered it unreasonable to prohibit requesting commission payments with retroactive effect, does offer a ray of hope.


text:
two companies of light infantry or riflemen in a regiment of ten companies. The heavy infantry was known as the infantry of the line, and the light as the light infantry and riflemen. Riflemen, armed with rifles, with the light infantry, were charged with the responsibility of opening an engagement and covering the front and flanks of the infantry of the line. With the advent of the rifled musket, however, the distinction between the classes of infantrymen became nominal. After their muster into service in 1861, these terms all but disappeared.
Virginia infantry regiments and battalions in 1861 and 1862, were officially called " Regiment of Virginia Volunteers," or "Battalion of Virginia Volunteers."
Back to History


text:
Abstract：Morphological parameters of coarse aggregates, including the angularity index (AI), flat and elongated ratio, flatness ratio, and sphericity, strongly affect the performance of asphalt concrete. A device must be developed to efficiently and accurately measure these parameters. Herein, a charge-coupled device camera and a linear profile scanner are combined to evaluate the parameters. The AI is calculated using three methods. The results show that the fitted-ellipse method provides superior results among the three AI measurement methods. Moreover, the use of a linear profile scanner improves the AI measurement accuracy. Therefore, the proposed combination has high measurement efficiency and is suitable for batch inspections.
Keywords：Charge-coupled device cameraLinear profile scannerAngularityFlatness ratioSphericity

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
Diffraction Images Classification for Biological Particles With Different Symmetry Types in Coherent X-Ray Diffraction Imaging Experiments
Bobkov S.A., Teslyuk A.B., Ilyin V.A., Vartanyants I.A.
National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute"
Abstract. About 1% of diffraction images produced in coherent X-ray diffraction imaging experiments originate from a single particle of interest and only those images are suitable for structure reconstruction. Other images contain contributions from multiple particles, water or some contaminant. Selection of single particle images is required. A new classification method that is based on cross-correlation analysis were developed. The method was successfully applied to the experimental data, that contain diffraction images of the PBCV-1 virus and T4 bacteriophage. In this article we present classification results for diffraction images of seven biological particles with different symmetry. The results confirm the applicability of the proposed method for correct classification of diffraction images corresponding to different molecules. We also studied influence of particle symmetry type and volume of learning dataset to classification quality.
Key words: coherent x-ray diffraction imaging, classification, x-ray cross-correlation analysis, support vector machine.


Graph.remove_edges_from
Graph.remove_edges_from(ebunch)[source]
Remove all edges specified in ebunch.
Parameters
ebunch: list or container of edge tuples
Each edge given in the list or container will be removed from the graph. The edges can be:
 - 2-tuples (u, v) edge between u and v.
 - 3-tuples (u, v, k) where k is ignored.
See also
remove_edge
remove a single edge
Notes
Will fail silently if an edge in ebunch is not in the graph.
Examples
>>> G = nx.path_graph(4) # or DiGraph, MultiGraph, MultiDiGraph, etc
>>> ebunch = [(1, 2), (2, 3)]
>>> G.remove_edges_from(ebunch)


path of the linux_files folder that you created at the first phase.
17- Copy the following files from the image/linux folder into the linux_files/boot folder that you created in the first phase.
18- In the linux_files/boot folder create the linux.bif file containing the following lines
/* linux */
 [fsbl_config] a53_x64
 [bootloader]
 [pmufw_image]
 [destination_device=pl]
 [destination_cpu=a53-0, exception_level=el-3, trustzone]
 [destination_cpu=a53-0, exception_level=el-2]
3- Create Platform
1- Create a folder named pfm in the ultra96v2-vitis-pkg folder that you created in the first step.
cd pfm
To create the ultra96v2 platform for Vitis. First, run the Vitis IDE and choose the pfm folder (that you created in the first step) as the workspace.
2- Create a new platform project by selecting "File–>New–>Platform Project…". Choos "ultra96v2" as the project name and accept the default folder.
3- In the next window select the XSA option and press Next
4- Click on Brows… button and locate the ultra96v2.xsa file generated in the first step by Vivado, and then select the linux as Operating System and click Finish button.
5- Clock the Welcome window if it is open. Select "linux on psu_cortexa53" and configure the Linux domain as the following figure.
6- Press the right-click on the project name on the left panel and select Build Project.
4- Test
1- In the Vitis IDE, select "File–>New–>Application Project…" to create a new application.
2- Select vector_add as the Project name
3- Select the ultra96v2 [custom] platform in the next window
4- Press the Next button in the next window.
5- Select the Vector Addition as the template and press Finish button.
6- Select Hardware as the active build configuration from the menu on the right.
7- Build the project by pressing the right-click on the project name and selecting the Build project option.
8- Copy the content of the sd_card folder generated by the application project into an SD-CARD and boot the U;tra96v2 board.
9- Using putty open a serial terminal with the following configuration
10- login to the board by using root as both username and password. Then go to /run/media/mmcblk0p1 folder
11- Run the following commands to define the Xilinx XRT library
export XILINX_XRT=/usr
12- Run the application by running this command
./vector_add.exe binary_container_1.xclbin


How haploid plants are produced?
Haploid production occurs through anther or pollen culture, and they are referred to as androgenic haploids. 2. Gynogenesis: Ovary or ovule culture that results in the production of haploids, known as gynogenic haploids.
What culture produces haploid?
-Application of Anther culture: 1) Production of haploid plants. 2) With this method, we can produce a homozygous diploid plant from haploids. This is achieved by the application of colchicine to the haploid which leads to duplication of chromosomes.
What do you mean by haploid production?
Haploid gametes are produced during meiosis, which is a type of cell division that reduces the number of chromosomes in a parent diploid cell by half. Some organisms, like algae, have haploid portions of their life cycle. Other organisms, like male ants, live as haploid organisms throughout their life cycle.
What are the techniques for haploid production?
What are haploid tissues?
Haploid refers to the presence of a single set of chromosomes in an organism's cells. Sexually reproducing organisms are diploid (having two sets of chromosomes, one from each parent). In humans, only the egg and sperm cells are haploid.
What is haploid culture and how is it obtained?
Hint: Haploid plant culture is a method by which haploid plants are produced in vitro. In seeding plants, a haploid plant culture can be obtained from the cells of the gametes produced on the anther or inside an ovary.
What is the purpose of haploid plants?
Answer. Haploid plants are the plants possessing only a single set of chromosomes in the sporophyte. In vitro production of haploids is of great significance in plant breeding programmes. By the process of androgenesis to produce haploids, followed by chromosome doubling, it is possible to develop exclusive male plants …
What is the significance of haploid culture?
Haploid cell cultures are useful material for induction of mutations and to study the effect of mutation. This method can overcome the masking effect of presence of dominant gene. The screening method for detection of mutational effect is also easier in this technique.
What is the importance of haploid plant culture?
The major importance of haploid plant production is improvement of plant or crop production. Somaclonal variation leads to the creation of additional genetic variability.
What are the advantages of haploid culture?
It may be concluded that the main advantages of the haploid method in breeding self- pollinated crops are a saving of time through fast homozygosis and an improvement of the efficiency of classical breeding methods through the improved reliability of selection.
What is the advantage of haploid?
The nutrient-limitation hypothesis postulates that haploid cells, because they are small and thus have a higher surface area to volume ratio, are advantageous in nutrient-poor environments.
What is haploid plant example?
What is a haploid plant? Haploid plants originate from gametes (or gamete-like cells) that do not go through fertilization, but can still generate a viable individual. Therefore, haploids contain only the chromosome set found after meiosis in male (sperm cells) or female (egg cells) gametes.
What is the importance of haploid production?
What are some advantages of using haploid cells to generate plants?
In contrast, haploid cells enjoy an advantage in nutrient-poor environments, because the smaller haploid cells are better able to deal with nutrient scarcity owing to their greater ratio of surface area to volume (Coelho et al., 2007; Mable and Otto, 1998; Otto and Gerstein, 2008; Perrot, 1994).
How haploid plants are useful?
They are used in plant breeding to obtain a pure homozygous line by using colchicine to double the chromosome number, or by depending on spontaneous mutations. The major importance of haploid plant production is improvement of plant or crop production.
What is the function of haploid?
Typically, haploid cells are created for reproductive purposes. By reducing the genome to one copy, different copies can be rearranged when creating a zygote. By reducing the DNA material in the gametes to haploid, many new combinations are possible within the offspring.
What is the purpose of haploid cells?
What is the importance of haploid cells?
Solution : a. Haploid cells ( gametes ) are required for sexual reproduction . b. The gametes unite at the time of fertilization and thus chromosome number is restored in the progency.
What is the advantage of haploid cells?
Haploid cells are excellent tools to study gene function as they contain a single copy of the genome and are thus unable to mask the effect of mutations.
How do haploid cells reproduce?
Haploid cells in humans are produced by meiosis. This is a type of cell division in which a single diploid parent cell divides to produce four, non-identical haploid daughter cells. Meiosis is used to produced gametes and is a necessary precursor to sexual reproduction.
How many haploid cells are produced?
four daughter cells
The purpose of meiosis is to produce gametes, or sex cells. During meiosis, four daughter cells are produced, each of which are haploid (containing half as many chromosomes as the parent cell).
What are haploids?
Why is haploid produced?
The production of haploids through anther or pollen culture is called androgenesis and to-date, it has been reported in 135 species. The principle involved in the process is to halt the development of pollen cells into a gamete and induce it in a suitable environment to develop into a haploid plant.
What is haploid culture and how does it work?
Haploid culture is an in vitro technique used to produce haploid (cells have half the number of chromosomes) plants. Blackslee et al. (1922) first reported the natural occurrence of the haploid condition in Datura plants, due to parthenogenesis (embryo development from an unfertilized egg).
How is haploid production achieved in Plant Biotechnology?
In the plant biotechnology programmes, haploid production is achieved by two methods. 1. Androgenesis: Haploid production occurs through anther or pollen culture, and they are referred to as androgenic haploids.
What is haploid plant?
Subsequently, Bourgin and Hitsch (1967) obtained the first full-pledged haploid plants from Nicotiana tabacum. Thereafter, much progress has been made in the anther cultures of wheat, rice, maize, pepper and a wide range of economically important species. Haploids may be divided into two broad categories: 1. Monoploids (monohapioids):
How efficient are anther cultures for Haploid production?
Thus, anther cultures are reasonably efficient for haploid production. The major limitation is that the plants not only originate from pollen but also from other parts of anther. This results in the population of plants at different ploidy levels (diploids, aneuploids).
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Xining city to create three districts and counties, units (departments) activities
to carry out the "no major mass incidents, no major non normal petition events, no major security incidents" to create activities, efforts to solve the outstanding contradictions and problems, social stability in March 30th, the county city a large-scale promotional activities carried out in the street.
according to the Municipal Committee of the person in charge, through the "three counties, units (departments) to create activities to further strengthen efforts to resolve social conflicts and disputes, and eliminate the unstable factors of disharmony, major mass incidents happen to prevent serious harm social stability. By strengthening the mass petition work, interests of the masses demands unimpeded channels, so that the legitimate aspirations of the masses to solve the petition, total control, repeated letters and visits decreased gradually, to prevent the province went to Beijing and other major petition events; to further improve the social security prevention and control system, effective regulation of outstanding security problems and security areas, severe blow serious crimes, the innovation of social service management, to prevent the harm social stability of the major public security incidents of public safety and effect. To create activities from now until the end of this year, the municipal Party committee and government at all levels and the member units to strictly implement the responsibility to promote the "green Xining" continued to carry out the construction, efforts to promote stability work by the state of emergency to normal construction, efforts to promote the all-round progress of the political and legal work, to ensure social harmony and stability, long period of stability.
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Linearly Ordered Groups and CH
26 Feb 2021 -
Earlier today Jonathan Alcaraz gave a GSS talk about Linearly Ordered (LO) Groups, which are a fun topic with connections to dynamics, topology, geometric group theory, etc. This reminded me of a problem I told myself to think about a while ago, and so I decided to finally do that. After a bit of thought, a friend from CMU (Pedro Marun) and I were able to figure it out. This post is going to be somewhat more meandering than usual (if you can imagine such a thing), because I want to showcase what the flow of thoughts was in solving the problem. At the end I'll clean things up and write them linearly.
I guess we should start with what a LO Group is, but it's pretty much what it says on the tin:
A (Left) Linearly Ordered Group is a group $G$ equipped with a total order $\leq$ which is compatible with (left) multiplication in the following sense:
\(g_1 \leq g_2 \quad \implies \quad hg_1 \leq hg_2\)
I first heard of LO Groups from an exercise in Marker's "Model Theory: An Introduction", where an exercise has you use compactness to show every torsion free abelian group admits a compatible linear order. I heard about them again on mse, to the surprise of nobody. Somebody asked for examples of finitely generated left orderable groups. I knew about the abelian example because of Marker, but I was curious about nonabelian examples.
This led me down a rabbit hole of papers to skim, including Katheryn Mann's "Left Orderable Groups that Don't Act on the Line" (see here). This paper mentions a classical result:
A countable group is LO if and only if it embeds in $\text{Homeo}_+(\mathbb{R})$, the group of orientation preserving homeomorphisms of $\mathbb{R}$.
The order on $\text{Homeo}_+(\mathbb{R})$ is as follows:
Enumerate \(\mathbb{Q} = \{q_n\}\). Then we say $f \lt g$ exactly when $f q_i \lt g q_i$, where $i$ is least with $f q_i \neq g q_i$ (this is more or less the lex order on $\prod_{\omega} \mathbb{R}$).
As soon as I saw this, I wondered if anything was special about "countable" here. If we assume the Continuum Hypothesis (CH) fails, what can we say about other LO groups of size $\lt \mathfrak{c}$? Do they all have to embed in $\text{Homeo}_+(\mathbb{R})$ as well?
I keep a list of "problems to think about", so I added this and left some brief thoughts before going back to answering mse questions.
When Jonathan brought up this theorem in his talk, it reminded me to think about that problem. I found a proof of the result to see if it immediately worked for larger cardinalities, and much to my surprise it relies heavily on the countability of $G$! This is a summary of a proof from Clay and Rolfsen's "Ordered Groups and Topology" (see here), Theorem 2.23.
$\ulcorner$ Let $G$ be countable and LO. Then by looking at $G \times \mathbb{Q}$ with the lex order, we can assume $G$'s ordering is dense. Moreover, it is easy to see that $G$ is torsion free, so for any element $g$, there is always some $g_L \lt g$ and some $g_R \gt g$ ($g^{-1}$ works for one, and $g^2$ for the other).
So $G$ is a countable dense linear order without endpoints! If you're a logician your heart should be leaping now. Cantor's famed back and forth argument shows that any such ordering is isomorphic (as an order) to $(\mathbb{Q}, \lt)$. It was really exciting to see this familiar face pop up in this proof! But since $(G, \lt) \cong (\mathbb{Q}, \lt)$ embeds densely in $(\mathbb{R}, \lt)$, we can extend the left action of $G$ on itself to a homeomorphism of $\mathbb{R}$. $\lrcorner$
This theorem relies on a back and forth argument for most of the heavy lifting, and that argument fails spectacularly for uncountable cardinalities. In fact, for any uncountable $\kappa$ there are $2^\kappa$ nonisomorphic dense linear orders without endpoints of cardinality $\kappa$ (see here, for instance). This made me start wondering if the theorem is actually false for groups of size, say, $\aleph_1$.
I texted Pedro, a close friend and set theorist, with some ideas that he pretty quickly found flaws in. He had a good idea, though, and reminded me that $\mathbb{R}$ doesn't contain any chains of length $\omega_1$. That is, there's no monotone function $f : \omega_1 \to \mathbb{R}$.
I thought if we could find a LO group $G$ with some $\omega_1$ chain, then we should be done. My thought process was baiscally:
Of course, this turned out to be wrong too. It's not hard to find homeomorphisms $f \lt g$ where $fx \not \lt gx$. It was a good start, though, on the way to the right answer.
If nothing else, we should just build such a group to show we know how, right? This is a simple compactness argument:
So we've successfully found a LO group of size $\aleph_1$ which contains an increasing chain of length $\omega_1$… But didn't we say this doesn't actually solve our problem?
This is where I remembered a fact from Descriptive Set Theory: For a compact metric space $X$, we actually know that \(\text{Homeo}(X)\) is polish (see Kechris's "Classical Descriptive Set Theory", I.9B, example 8). There's a classic argument that $\mathbb{R}$ doesn't contain any chains of length $\omega_1$ which seems to only use separability1, and the dream would be to show this continues to hold in a general polish space.
Of course, we also need to check that \(\text{Homeo}_+(\mathbb{R})\) is actually polish. The above theorem only guarantees polishness for compact spaces $X$, and the reals are (among other things) not compact.
First, I searched for "borel ordering" in Kechris's book, and found a reference to Harrington, Marker, and Shelah's "Borel Orderings" (see here). Corollary 3.2 gives exactly what we want2, but it's phrased in terms of subsets of $\mathbb{R}$… But now we know what to search for, and we quickly find a mse question which cites the paper and makes me feel confident that I'm not misinterpreting it.
All that's left is to show $\text{Homeo}_+(\mathbb{R})$ is really polish, but our journey ends like it began, on mse.
As a nice exercise, can you show that the order on $\text{Homeo}_+(\mathbb{R})$ really is borel? That is, can you show
\[\{ (f,g) ~|~ f \leq g \} \subseteq \text{Homeo}_+(\mathbb{R}) \times \text{Homeo}_+(\mathbb{R})\]
is a borel subset?
Ok. Now that the exposition is out of the way, we're holding a draft of a proof in our heads. It was a wandering path, but look how deceptively simple it looks once we organize our thoughts and write it down:
Theorem ($\lnot \mathsf{CH}$):
There exists a LO group of size $\aleph_1$ which does not embed in $\text{Homeo}_+(\mathbb{R})$
$\ulcorner$ Since $(\mathbb{Z}, \lt)$ is an infinite LO group, a standard logical compactness argument furnishes an LO group of size $\aleph_1$ which contains an increasing sequence \(\{g_\alpha\}\) of length $\omega_1$. Call such a group $G$.
Then since \(\text{Homeo}_+(\mathbb{R})\) is a polish space (cf. here) and its ordering is borel, a theorem of Shelah and Harrington (cf. Corollary 3.2 here) shows that no chain of length $\omega_1$ can exist in $\text{Homeo}_+(\mathbb{R})$.
Since $G$ contains such a chain, it cannot embed into $\text{Homeo}_+(\mathbb{R})$. $\lrcorner$
Can you believe that teeny little proof took hours of reading and thinking (times two people, no less!) to figure out? It really makes you appreciate how much work goes into


How to find the name of the current formfield
Article contributed by Astrid Zeelenberg
If you need to know which formfield the user tabbed out of in a macro you're using as on-exit macro you need to take into account that you can't always simply use the command Selection.Formfields(1).Name. This line won't work with a textformfield although it works with checkboxes and dropdowns.
If you need code to find out which formfield was tabbed out of, that works with every type of formfield, use:
If Selection.FormFields.Count = 1 Then
 'No textbox but a checkor listbox
 MsgBox Selection.FormFields(1).Name
ElseIf Selection.FormFields.Count = 0 And Selection.Bookmarks.Count > 0 Then
 MsgBox Selection.Bookmarks(Selection.Bookmarks.Count).Name
End If


Take the 2-minute tour ×
An old theorem of A. J. Wilkie (Some results and problems on weak systems of arithmetic, Logic Colloquium '77) asserts that a discretely ordered ring $R$ can be extended to a model of open induction if and only if for all $n>1$, there is a homomorphism from $R$ onto $\mathbb{Z}/n\mathbb{Z}$.
Wilkie's proof proceeds by adjoining transcendental elements to $R$, but it is not clear that this is ever necessary:
Does every ring that extends to a model of open induction have an algebraic extension to a model of open induction?
Does anyone know anything about this? I know of no place in the literature where the question is even mentioned, although it has come up more than once in conversation.
Here is simple test-case: Let $R$ be the ring $\mathbb{Z}[t,\sqrt{2}t-r]$, where $r$ is a real transcendental and $t$ is an indeterminate. Order $R$ by declaring $t$ positive infinite. It is not hard to show that $R$ extends to a model of true arithmetic. I don't know if $R$ has an algebraic extension to a model of open induction.
share|improve this question
Can you please explain what it means for a ring to "model open induction"? – Andrej Bauer May 7 '10 at 13:31
2 Answers 2
Andrej Bauer asked in a comment, "What is a model of open induction?" Let me give the most modern and relevant answer and then explain the term "open induction", which is somewhat archaic.
Let $F$ be an ordered field. An (ordered) subring $R$ of $F$ is called an "integer part" of $F$ if
 1. $R$ is discretely ordered: This means the inequality $x < y < x+1$ has no solution in $R$. Equivalently, nothing in $R$ lies between 0 and 1.
 2. For all $x\in F$ there is some $r\in R$ such that $r\le x < r+1$.
Item 2 is equivalent to saying that every element of $F$ is a finite distance from some element of $R$, where "finite" means bounded by an element of $\mathbb{Z}$. Remember that $F$ can and usually will be nonarchimedian.
Items 1 and 2 together imply that there is a unique function $\lfloor\cdot\rfloor$ from $F$ to $R$ given by the inequality $\lfloor x \rfloor \le x < 1+\lfloor x \rfloor$. Think of this as an abstract analog of the integer part operator.
A "model of open induction" is an integer part of a real closed field. Mourges and Ressayre proved that every real closed field has an integer part. The term "open induction" comes from a paper of Shepherdson, who started this whole topic by proving that an ordered ring $R$ is an integer part of its real closure if and only if the positive semiring of $R$ satisfies the axioms of Peano Arithmetic, with the induction axioms restricted to quantifier-free (i.e. open) formulas. Shepherdson also gave recursively presentable nonstandard models of open induction, which is interesting because according to Tennenbaum's Theorem there are no such models of Peano Arithmetic.
Since then there have been many successful attempts to build recursive nonstandard models of theories a little stronger than open induction. The champ, to-date, is a recursive nonstandard normal model of open induction, given in a paper by Otero and Berarducci. Here "normal" means integrally closed in its quotient field.
The main unsolved problems concerning open induction, in my opinion, are (1) Is the universal theory of open induction decidable (i.e. is it decidable whether a diophantine equation has a solution in some model of open induction) and (2) Is there a recursive non-standard diophantine correct model of open induction, where "diophantine correct" means "extends to a model of true arithmetic".
share|improve this answer
Interesting. In Brouwerian intuitionism the following is called "open induction", where $A \subseteq [0,1]$ is an open subset of the unit interval: $(\forall x \in [0,1]. (\forall y < x. y \in A) \implies x \in A) \implies [0,1] = A$. This seems unrelated to what you are talking about. – Andrej Bauer May 7 '10 at 15:27
I think this should have been edited into the question instead of posted as an answer. In any case, this should be community wiki. – François G. Dorais May 7 '10 at 22:42
I think that the answer in general is "no", and that this follows from results in a paper "Limit computable integer parts" by D'Aquino, Knight, and Lange (_URL_ Namely, by Theorem 3.5 and Remark 3, there exists a real-closed field $R$ with an element $r\in R$ and a $\mathbb Z$-ring $I\subseteq R$ such that no discretely ordered subring $I\subseteq J\subseteq R$ intersects $[r,r+1)$, but $b/i\in[r,r+1)$ for some $b,i\in I$. Then $I$ (being a $\mathbb Z$-ring) can be extended to a model of $\mathit{IOpen}$, but no such extension can be found in its real closure $\operatorname{rcl}(I)\subseteq R$ (since no discretely ordered $I\subseteq J\subseteq \operatorname{rcl}(I)$ can contain an integer part of $b/i$).
Caveat: the paper is so far an unpublished preprint, and I have actually serious doubts about its correctness. Namely, the claim "$\frac{p(a)}n+z$ cannot be in $(0,1)$" in the proof of the widely used Proposition 3.1 is unjustified, and in fact, I think that this proposition directly contradicts Example 2 (take $I=(x^2+1)\mathbb Q[x^2]+\mathbb Z$, $R=\operatorname{rcl}(\mathbb Q(x))$, and $a=x$; then conditions 2 and 3 hold as $I[x]=I+xI$ is easily seen to be discretely ordered, but condition 1 does not). However, I think that this does not affect the proof of Theorem 3.5, since all the elements which 3.1 is applied on there are (or can be taken to be) transcendental.
share|improve this answer
Emil, Thanks very much for the reference. I'm not sure that Example 2 DIRECTLY contradicts Proposition 3.1, because (in the example you gave) $\mathbb{Z}[(x^2+1)/4]$ is not a Z-ring, as Prop. 3.1 requires it to be. But I'll have to think about this. – SJR Feb 3 '11 at 17:12
Fair enough, thanks for pointing it out. Hopefully it's correct now. – Emil Jeřábek Feb 3 '11 at 18:25
Your Answer


text:
The LM25066IA provides designers of servers with a system power management and protection solution that interfaces directly with the Intel management engine.
The device delivers 1-percent current measurement accuracy and 2-percent power measurement accuracy over the server operating temperature range, enabling these dynamic server platforms to implement power capping schemes that minimize operating expense and improve reliability in data centers.
TI's LM25066IA integrates high-performance monitoring, protection and control blocks that precisely control and manage the electrical operating conditions of each blade in the chassis. The device continuously supplies the system management host or management engine device with real-time power, voltage, current, temperature and fault data for each blade subsystem. The parametric and fault data is delivered through the system management bus (SMBus) communications interface using the industry-standard PMBus protocol and the host's system diagnostic and optimization routines use the data to limit the power to each blade subsystem, or node. Using this scheme, data center operators are able to minimize the overall power consumption of the server equipment while increasing system reliability by keeping the servers operating within their optimal operating power range.
TI also offers the LM25066I that delivers 2.4-percent current measurement accuracy and 3-percent power measurement accuracy.
The LM25066IA and LM25066I join TI's system protection and management family that includes the LM5066 and LM5064 for up to +80 V and -80 V applications respectively, and the LM25056, LM25056A and LM5056 for up to 17 V and 80 V applications respectively.
Availability and Pricing
The LM25066IA and LM25066I are offered in a 4-mm by 5-mm, 24-lead LLP package and are priced at US$2.95 and US$2.45 respectively, in 1,000-unit quantities. The LM25066IA and LM25066I are sampling now with full production volumes scheduled for October 2012.
More information about the LM25066IA and LM25066I server monitoring, protection and control IC at _URL_


text:
Possession: A Romance
A. S. Byatt
Possession is a rich, layered novel featuring both a romance between two Victorian-era poets, and present-day relationships between academics who have made their careers as experts on the poets' lives. Roland Michell is a kind of perpetual student, researching the life of Randolph Henry Ash. Maud Bailey is established in her career with a university's women's studies center; her specialty is the poet Christabel LaMotte. When the book opens, Roland has made an interesting discovery indicating Ash may have had a relationship with a woman other than his wife. His inquiry leads him to Maud. Together they assemble a picture of a romance between Ash and LaMotte, which turns prevailng academic opinion upside-down. Others begin to pursue the prize and the associated professional glory.
Byatt employs several creative devices to develop the characters and tell the story. Ash and LaMotte's relationship is reconstructed primarily through artifacts (letters, journals) obtained by Roland and Maud. Byatt "reproduces" them in their entirety so the reader feels like part of the research team. The romantic storyline also unfolds from several points of view, with each person having only a partial picture. The reader can see it all. And as the Victorian mystery is solved, the lives of present-day characters become increasingly interconnected. Byatt concludes the novel by tying up several threads and adding a quite satisfying postscript. ( )


text:
Richmond's Crimson Tide--Pump Upgrade Keeps Cranberries Growing
The City of Richmond is Canada's largest cranberry growing area. Water levels have to be strategically controlled for harvesting, yet these areas also protected from flooding.
|Seeing red: cranberries are the single largest crop grown in the City of Richmond and the fields are flooded during the harvesting period|
The City of Richmond is Canada's largest cranberry growing area. Water levels have to be strategically controlled for harvesting, yet these areas also protected from flooding. Operating behind the scenes are 41 pumping station, providing a total pumping capacity of 85 m3/second. A further $50 million investment is anticipated over the next five years.
By Bryan Orchard
The City of Richmond, British Columbia, Canada occupies 129.66 sq.km over 15 islands in the Fraser River delta. With a natural average elevation of 1.0 metres above mean sea level, flooding has long been a major concern.
The largest and most densely populated of the islands is Lulu Island, followed by Sea Island, home to Vancouver International Airport. Over the years many areas of the City have been raised out of the flood plain through land development land improvements. Through a continuing programme of dike construction and the installation of pumping stations, Richmond's efforts have prevented significant flooding in the community for over 60 years.
The challenge that faces the City of Richmond is rather unusual with occupancy and use being split between residential/commercial and agricultural activities. It is Canada's largest cranberry growing area and at harvest time in the Fall the fields have to be flooded. However, at the same time it is necessary to keep water levels down in the drainage channels so that other parts of the island do not flood. It is a delicate balancing act that combines irrigation, drainage and flood control.
"The City of Richmond and its funding partners have spent $45 million since 2008 on flood protection measurements and an additional $50 million investment over the next five years is being recommended," reports Romeo Bicego, manager, sewerage and drainage engineering and public works.
"Over the past five years, 4.4 kilometres of dikes have been or are scheduled to be raised to between 4.0 and 4.7 metres above average sea level, exceeding current provincial requirements. Also, 10 drainage pump stations have been rebuilt to improve capacity. The City secured funding to help offset its investment in these projects and spent $9.9 million on drainage and dike improvements throughout 2014."
Pumping station investment
The City of Richmond operates 41 pumping stations, providing a total pumping capacity of 85 m3/sec, and currently there is a programme of new build and reinvestment being undertaken, with KSB's submersible pumps being the preferred equipment.
Maintenance is high on the Engineering and Public Works' agenda as it is far more cost effective to invest in maintenance than replace products.
"We spend considerable effort on maintaining our pumping stations and there is a staff of 18 dedicated to checking that the stations are clean, odours are controlled and intake screens are free of debris," he comments. "The last thing we want is for the pumps just to be cycling water. Through previous storm events we know that we can experience 30-50mm of rain, so we need to ensure that screens are free of blockages ahead of predicted storms."
Located at strategic intervals around the island, the pumping stations are called into service as and when required, and all are fitted with flood gates and flood boxes. However, during the winter months, the pumping stations are called into to action much more frequently.
Groundwater levels can be very high during the winter and this is exacerbated when there is heavy rainfall and tides are high. At high tides, the pumps transfer drainage water into the Fraser River Delta and at low tide drainage water discharges through the flood boxes via gravity outflow gates.
One of the other main aspects that have to be taken into account is the possibility of power outages. The city's goal is to have all the stations equipped with stand-alone generators. Currently there are 11 on site generators and 10 portable sets.
In order for the new and refurbished pumping stations to have the minimum visual impact on the environment, Richmond gives a great deal of thought into their design and construction. This policy has been rewarded. The Cambie Pumping station, located in a light industrial area close to a residential development on the Fraser River, won a design award.
|Easy does it: the Amacan P series pump has a maximum flow capacity of up to 7 m3/sec|
Having a vegetation- covered roof to blend in with the environment, the station is built into the dike affording walkers a rest and comfort stop facility along the river. Not content with this, there is an impressive sculpture by the pump house designed to resemble a droplet of water. Elsewhere, the No 4 Road pumping station is located in a former industrial area that is currently going through a residential transition. Converted from a long shaft pump station, the design has incorporated aspects of the old station, together with the crane lifting frame which now acts as a viewing platform.
The walls of the pump house depict historical scenes of the lumber business along the Fraser River and the standby power generation plant is visible though clear glass walls. By deliberately making the pumping station both visually attractive, practical and a community amenity, vandalism is deterred.
Consideration is also given to the outflow from the pumping stations. As large volumes of water can lead to the erosion of river banks, creeks and beaches, spillways are designed to minimise impact where this is a problem.
Designed for a one in ten year rainstorm the pumping stations are all monitored remotely 24-hours a day using SCADA to ensure the pumps are operating effectively. This provides additional capacity to hold the surplus drainage water resulting from a storm. While risk profiles with climate change and sea level rise are changing slowly, the City's flood protection improvements are moving faster and the overall level of safety keeps improving.
|Award-winning: the Cambie Road pumping station, including a vegetation covered roof|
"We are constantly looking at sea levels and dike heights and where development is taking place we work with developers to raise the height of dikes. This can involve advising them on the height of the foundations and ensures that the properties are built into the dikes," continues Bicego.
Beginning in 2015, City staff will propose another $50 million to be spent over the next five years. This will target five pump station rebuilds, 10 drainage upgrades and $7 million worth of dike upgrades. The City will continue to aggressively pursue funding from senior levels of government and other partners to support these projects. New development along the City's waterfront is also contributing to improving Richmond's dikes.
|Integrated with nature: the spillway at Williams Road drainage pumping station|
The new build programme is delivering one new station a year and KSB Canada is involved in working with the project engineers in the design of the water intake and the tubes. Nine of the stations already completed use KSB submersible pumps, and in total 28 pumps have already been commissioned, these being twenty-four 127hp and four 37hp units.
Romeo says: "There is a high iron content in the water, but this has not proved to be a problem for these pumps. We like to keep one pump in our workshops as a standby and we do maintain comprehensive stocks of spares."
|Stepping up: Romeo Bicego and Derek Hunter at No 4 Road pumping station|
The Amacan P is a close-coupled, wet-installed single entry axial open impeller pump where the impeller is located in a tubular casing immersed in the water. Explosion protected to ATEX II G2 T3, the pump has a maximum flow capacity of up to 7 m3/sec and a maximum head of 12m.
Low vibration hydraulics and a vortex-free flow due to the inlet ribs and wide bellmouth ensure that the pump is hydraulically optimised. Operating efficiency is provided by the slim motor that minimises discharge tube flow losses.
When it comes down to specifying pumps, Bicego emphasises the importance of standardisation.
"By standardising on a single type of submersible pump, we have been able to focus our product training and knowledge on this pump, which makes maintenance far more cost effective."
The City is also developing a long-term Dike Master Plan. Phase one of the plan has been completed and it further proposes an innovative solution to move the outer perimeter of the City's southwest dike onto unoccupied Steveston Island.
"This will provide both enhanced flood protection and lessen dredging requirements in Steveston Harbour, Canada's largest commercial fishing harbour, while preserving heritage and other structures built on the existing dike," says Bicego.
In addition, a number of other dike and drainage projects and works to provide flood protection are to be undertaken. These will address new provincial seismic standards, support the viability of Richmond's agriculture and marine industries and address environmental concerns, such as the erosion of Sturgeon Banks and rainwater management.
Bryan Orchard is freelance contributor specialising in pumps and provided this article on behalf of KSB. Email: _EMAIL_
More Water & WasteWater International Archives Issue Articles


This documentation is archived and is not being maintained.
Data Validation Overview
Validating data is the process of confirming that the values being entered into data objects conform to the constraints within a dataset's schema, as well as the rules established for your application. Validating data prior to sending updates to the underlying database is a good practice that reduces errors as well as the potential number of round trips between an application and the database. You can confirm that data being written to a dataset is valid by building validation checks into the dataset itself. The dataset can check the data no matter how the update is being performed — whether directly by controls in a form, within a component, or in some other way. Because the dataset is part of your application, it is a logical place to build application-specific validation (unlike building the same checks into the database backend).
NoteNote
The suggested location to add validation into your application is the dataset's partial class file. In Visual Basic or Visual C#, open the DataSet Designer and double-click the column or table you want to create validation for. This action automatically creates a ColumnChanging or RowChanging event handler. For more information, see How to: Validate Data During Column Changes, or How to: Validate Data During Row Changes.
Validating Data
Validation within a dataset can be accomplished:
There are several events that are raised by the DataTable object when a change is occurring in a record:
 - The ColumnChanging and ColumnChanged events are raised during and after each change to an individual column. The ColumnChanging event is useful when you want to validate changes in specific columns. Information about the proposed change is passed as an argument with the event. For more information, see How to: Validate Data During Column Changes.
 - The RowChanging and RowChanged events are raised during and after any change in a row. The RowChanging event is more general, in that it simply indicates that a change is occurring somewhere in the row; you do not know which column has changed. For more information, see How to: Validate Data During Row Changes.
By default, each change to a column therefore raises four events: first the ColumnChanging and ColumnChanged events for the specific column being changed, and then the RowChanging and RowChanged event. If multiple changes are being made to the row, the events will be raised for each change.
NoteNote
The data row's BeginEdit method turns off the RowChanging and RowChanged events after each individual column change. In that case, the event is not raised until the EndEdit method has been called, when the RowChanging and RowChanged events are raised just once. For more information, see How to: Turn Off Constraints While Filling a Dataset.
The event you choose depends on how granular you want the validation to be. If it is important that you catch an error immediately when a column is changed, build validation using the ColumnChanging event. Otherwise, use the RowChanging event, which might result in catching several errors at once. Additionally, if your data is structured in such a way that the value of one column is validated based on the contents of another column, then you should perform your validation during the RowChanging event.
When records are updated, the DataTable object raises events that you can respond to as changes are occurring and after changes are made.
If your application is using a typed dataset, you can create strongly typed event handlers. This will add four additional typed events that you can create handlers for; dataTableNameRowChanging, dataTableNameRowChanged, dataTableNameRowDeleting, and dataTableNameRowDeleted. These typed event handlers pass an argument that includes the column names of your table that make code that easier to write and read.
Data Update Events
Event Description
ColumnChanging
The value in a column is being changed. The event passes the row and column to you along with the proposed new value.
ColumnChanged
The value in a column has been changed. The event passes the row and column to you along with the proposed value.
RowChanging
Changes made to a DataRow object are about to be committed back into the dataset. If you have not called the BeginEdit method, the RowChanging event is raised for each change to a column, immediately after the ColumnChanging event has been raised. If you did call BeginEdit before making changes, the RowChanging event is raised only when you call the EndEdit method.
The event passes the row to you and a value indicating what type of action (change, insert, and so on) is being performed.
RowChanged
A row has been changed. The event passes the row to you and a value indicating what type of action (change, insert, and so on) is being performed.
RowDeleting
A row is being deleted. The event passes the row to you and a value indicating what type of action (delete) is being performed.
RowDeleted
A row has been deleted. The event passes the row to you and a value indicating what type of action (delete) is being performed.
The ColumnChanging, RowChanging, and RowDeleting events are raised during the update process. You can use these events to validate data or perform other types of processing. Because the updates are in process during these events, you can cancel the update by throwing an exception, which prevents the change from being completed.
The ColumnChanged, RowChanged, and RowDeleted events are notification events that are raised when the update has been completed successfully. These events are useful when you want to take further action based on a successful update.
See Also
Show:


Hello
I am trying to write data to a file.
When writing "STEPHEN", only STEP is written, can anyone help?
below is my code
fp = fopen(filename, "rb+" );
fseek(fp, final_seek_pos, SEEK_SET );
fwrite(update_record, sizeof(update_record),1 ,fp );
fclose(fp);
Recommended Answers
All 8 Replies
how is update_record defined? It would appear to be a structure, not a simple string as you illustrated. We need more information to help you.
char update_record[40];
What is final_seek_pos???
#include <stdio.h>
void main()
{
FILE *fp;
char update_record[40] = "STEPHEN";
fp = fopen("test.txt", "rb+" );
fseek(fp, 0, SEEK_SET );
fwrite(update_record, sizeof(update_record),1 ,fp );
fclose(fp);
}
This code is printing STEPHEN for me.
final_seek_pos is whatever position i am writing to in the file and is an int.
The flat file looks something like this
MR GRAHAM GRIFFITHS
I want to write at position set position to be 10 ( start of GRAHAM ), and overwrite with STEPHEN, but only overwriting first 4 characters
Can u send me ur whole prgrm????
/************************************************************************
* Function : write_records
* Description : write updated records to file
***********************************************************************/
void write_records(int row, int screen_pos, char *update_record, const int InLRecL, const int field, const int SchemaFlag, const char *filename, const char *schema, const unsigned int DisplayHexFlag, unsigned long long total_bytes )
{
FILE *fp;
long working_seek_pos;
long final_seek_pos;
int len=0;
row=row-3;
if ( RECORD_NUM >= 16 )
{
RECORD_NUM=RECORD_NUM-16;
working_seek_pos=RECORD_NUM+row;
working_seek_pos=working_seek_pos*InLRecL;
}
else
{
RECORD_NUM=RECORD_NUM-3;
working_seek_pos=InLRecL*row;
}
final_seek_pos=working_seek_pos+screen_pos-1;
len = strlen(update_record);
if ( len < InSchStruct[field].field_length )
{
do {
strcat(update_record, " " );
len++;
}while( len != InSchStruct[field].field_length );
}
/* Write records */
fp = fopen(filename, "rb+" );
fseek(fp, final_seek_pos, SEEK_SET );
fwrite(update_record, sizeof(update_record),1 ,fp );
fclose(fp);
}
I have one suggestion. Instead of giving sizeof(update_record),
in fwrite, directly give 40 and try. I think that is creating the problem.
The sizeof pointer will be 4 bytes so the first four bytes are getting printed. The best thing u can do is pass the sizeof string also as one arg and use it in fwrite.
It should work.
I have one suggestion. Instead of giving sizeof(update_record),
in fwrite, directly give 40 and try. I think that is creating the problem.
The sizeof pointer will be 4 bytes so the first four bytes are getting printed. The best thing u can do is pass the sizeof string also as one arg and use it in fwrite.
It should work.
Works!!!
Thank you very much
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Element Substitution Groups
Substitution groups are very similar to choice types. They allow a given base element (referred to as the substitution group head) to be replaced with a different element. The replacement element is designated as being part of the group through the use of the XSD substitutionGroup attribute.
For example, the following element declarations declare a group in which the head element (Publication) would be replaced with either the Book element or Magazine element:
 whose particles consist of each of the elements in the substitution group. The format of the name for the special group class is "_SG", where would be replaced with the name of the substitution group head element. In the example above, the generated type name would be "_PublicationSG".


46.3403 Attempt-Affirmative defense.
Cite as [A.S.C.A. § 46.3403]
(a) When the actor's conduct would otherwise constitute an attempt under 36.3401 through 46.3404, it is an affirmative defense that he abandoned his effort to commit the crime or otherwise presented its commission, under circumstances manifesting a complete and voluntary renunciation of his criminal purpose. The establishment of the defense does not, however, affect the liability of an accomplice who did not join in that abandonment or prevention. Renunciation of criminal purpose is not voluntary if it is motivated in whole or in part, by circumstances not present or apparent at the inception of the actor's course of conduct, which increase the probability of detection or apprehension or which make more difficult the accomplishment of the criminal purpose. Renunciation is not complete if it is motivated by a decision to postpone the criminal conduct until a more advantageous time or to transfer the criminal effort to another but similar objective or victim.
(b) The defendant has the burden of injecting the issue of renunciation of criminal purpose under 46.3401.
History: 1979, PL 16-43 § 2.
Research Guide: MPC 5.01(4).


text:
Design and Analysis of Biosimilar Switching Studies.
Under the US Biologics Price Competition and Innovation Act of 2009 (BPCI), the development of biosimilar (test) products provides affordable alternatives to innovative biological (reference) products for the general patient population. However, in practice, as the number of biosimilar products available on the market increases, whether these biosimilars can be used interchangeably is a concern. Thus, using switching studies to evaluate the risk of reduced efficacy and increased safety concerns with and without switch(es) in the development of biosimilar products is of interest. For this purpose, the US FDA, in its recent draft guidance on interchangeability, suggested using a 2 × 2 crossover design (RT, RR) to evaluate a single switch and (RTR, RRR) and (RTRT, RRRR) to evaluate multiple switches. In this article, we examine the statistical properties, analyses, and sample size requirements of these switching study designs. We also investigate the relative efficiencies of these switching designs compared with the complete n-of-1 trial design.
Volume / Issue
Start / End Page
International Standard Serial Number (ISSN)
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)


text:
This recipe explains what what are dask bags with example of group by
What are dask bags? explain with example of group by.
Dask Bags contains the operations like map, filter, fold and groupby. These operations can be implemented on python objects with Dask bags.
Dask bags do this in parallel with a small memory foot print using python iterators.
Learn an example of Groupby with dask
from dask.distributed import Client import dask client = Client(n_workers=2, threads_per_worker=2, processes=False, memory_limit='500MB') client df = dask.datasets.timeseries() df.groupby('name').x.mean().compute()


text:
On July 7, the students of the Cairo Japanese School visited the Museum of Civilization to study and observe the actual artifacts of ancient Egypt. This field trip was conducted as a sequel to the previous school visit by the GEM-JC project office. The royal mummies found in the two caches in the Valley of the Kings and Deir al-Bahri have just been transferred from the Egyptian Museum and are gathering worldwide attention.
On the day of the event, Ms. Akiko Nishisaka, Deputy Project Manager of GEM-JC Project, and Ms. Misako Moriyama, expert of GEM-JC Project, walked around the museum with two teachers from the Japanese school and an Egyptian interpreter.
First, the students visited the mummy room. Usually, visitors are required to keep quiet in the exhibition rooms, but since there were no other tourists, the students actively raised questions such as "Are the mummies hard?" and "Why are the colors of the mummies different?"
In the next Ancient Egyptian Civilization room, the students were also surprised and awed by the tools used in making bread by the ancient Egyptians and the fact that the unit "cubit" (the length from the elbow to the fingertips) was actually used in constructions. Ms. Nishisaka also introduced some of the conservation methods on display, such as the use of Japanese washi in the conservation of the papyrus.
After the field trip, the teachers accompanying the students thanked Ms. Nishisaka and Ms. Moriyama for their easy-to-understand but in-depth introduction about the history of Egypt. The GEM-JC project office will continue to share information regarding the care of ancient Egyptian Civilization heritages in the museums and the promotion of the project.


SupaLite Tiled Roof System
living spaces
What is the Difference Between a Conservatory and an Orangery?
difference between a conservatory and an orangery
A question we hear a lot is, "What is the difference between an orangery and a conservatory?".
At a glance, modern orangeries and conservatories don't seem that different. Their visual similarities can make the task of identifying what roof conversion or extension style you want confusing.
We're going to make things more straightforward. Here is a concise history and description of orangeries and conservatories and what makes them different.
What is an Orangery?
what is an orangery
Classic Orangeries
Both orangeries and conservatories date from around the 17th to the 19th century. Orangeries got their name from their original purpose – to provide shelter for citrus trees during the harsh winter months.
A typical staple of homes on affluent estates, orangeries were a sign of wealth and were often stand-alone structures made from both solid materials such as brick and glass.
Notable examples include the large orangeries at Kensington Palace and Kew Royal Botanical Gardens.
Both of these orangeries were intended to house exotic fruit but were also entertaining spaces – a function they serve to this day.
Modern Orangeries
Most domestic orangeries don't mimic the grandiosity of Kensington Palace, but the mixture of brick and glass make them attractive pieces of architecture.
While modern orangeries will retain most of the original features of a classic orangery, they're likely to be smaller in size and used as a room or home extension instead of a tree shelter zone.
They blend into contemporary and classic styles, and with the correct roof choice, they'll look more like an extension than a conservatory because of their brick structure.
What is a Conservatory?
what is a conservatory
Classic Conservatories
Conservatories were first built to protect plants and shrubs, and similar to orangeries also became to be associated with the wealthy.
The Palm House at Kew Gardens and the iconic Crystal Palace are Georgian and Victorian examples of conservatory-style structures.
Constructed from glass and iron, old-style conservatories were susceptible to rust and fluctuating temperatures, and they fell out of fashion by World War II.
Modern Conservatories
With advancements in building materials, conservatories became popular for homeowners as extension-style rooms around forty years ago.
Companies offered full design, installation and warranties. The materials were cheap too (polycarbonate and glass or plastic), which made them appealing for homeowners that wanted to add an extension to their home or garden.
Technological advances in flooring, blinds and roofing mean that homeowners have more options available when trying to regulate the temperature in the room, making the rooms accessible at all times of the year.
What is the Technical Difference Between a Conservatory and an Orangery?
technical differences between conservatory and orangery
The main difference in conservatories and orangeries comes in the glass-to-other-materials ratio in the structure.
For example, if your structure contains less than 75% glass in the roof structure and less than 50% glass in the wall structure, you have an orangery.
If your structure contains more than 75% glass in the roof structure and less than 50% glass in the wall structure, you have a conservatory.
What Are the Other Differences Between a Conservatory and an Orangery?
other differences between conservatory and orangery
You can use percentages as a guideline, but they're difficult to quantify. And when it comes to the details behind what defines a building as a conservatory or as an orangery, there aren't any specific rules.
You could use the shape as an indicator; orangeries are more likely to be rectangular or square. Conservatories can be rectangular or square, but there are other shapes such as P, L and T-Shaped conservatories.
The bottom line is that they're very similar, and with the various styles and home improvement options available today, the names are becoming more interchangeable.
An orangery has more brickwork than a conservatory and is a hybrid between a traditional conservatory and a reliable extension.
Orangeries often have flat roofs with a raised roof lantern. However, there are other options on the market, such as a pitched tiled orangery roof.
Conservatories are mainly made from glass or polycarbonate, are attached to the main house, and usually have a pitched roof.
Are Orangeries Warmer Than Conservatories?
are orangeries warmer than conservatories
While orangeries contain more brick than conservatories, it's often a marginal amount. Both structures will suffer from the poor insulation qualities of glass, so they'll usually be hot in the summer and cold in the winter.
Orangeries may be slightly warmer than conservatories, but it won't make it inhabitable in the winter months unless you'll need another heat circulating method.
Can You Turn a Conservatory into An Orangery?
can you turn a conservatory into an orangery
While it is possible to convert a conservatory into an orangery, it isn't an easy job and may require building regulations and planning permission.
You would probably have to rebuild the structure anyway, so you'd be starting from scratch after dismantling your conservatory.
A cheaper, quicker and more straightforward option would be to install a roof on your conservatory.
A roof will give the impression of an extension and will help to regulate the temperature in the room. You'll also be able to use the room all year round.
You need to ask yourself where you think you should invest your money and what you want the room to do.
SupaLite Conservatory & Orangery Roofs
If you make the smart choice to replace your original glass or polycarbonate conservatory roof with a tiled replacement roof from SupaLite, you no longer have a conservatory, but an extension.
You also have the option to add roof lanterns (traditionally seen on orangeries) or vents to your replacement tiled roof.
You can see how our various options allow you to create your own ideal conservatory/orangery/extension hybrid and make the names more interchangeable.
Whatever style you currently have or want to build, choosing a SupaLite Roof will ensure you have a comfortable, energy-efficient and robust living space, suitable for enjoying all year round.
If you are unsure of which SupaLite roof you should choose, don't hesitate to get in touch with our friendly team on 01772828060.
Speak to the experts 01772 828060


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Preveza to Parga distance, location, road map and direction
Preveza is located in Greece
at the longitude of 20.75 and latitude of 38.96. Parga is located in Greece
at the longitude of 20.4 and latitude of 39.29.
- Driving Distance : 60 KM and 105 meters / 37.3 miles.
- Straight Line Distance : 47 KM and 300 meters / 29.4 miles.
- Travel time : 1 hours and 10 minutes.
- Direction and bearing : North West side, 320 degree.
Distance between Preveza and Parga
The total straight line distance between Preveza and Parga is 47 KM
(kilometers) and 300 meters. The miles based distance from Preveza to Parga is 29.4
miles. This is a straight line distance and so most of the time the actual travel distance between Preveza and Parga may be higher or vary due to curvature of the road.
The driving distance or the travel distance between Preveza to Parga is 60 KM and 105 meters. The mile based, road distance between these two travel point is 37.3 miles.
Time Difference between Preveza and Parga
The sun rise time difference or the actual time difference between Preveza and Parga is 0 hours, 1 minutes and 24 seconds
Preveza and Parga time calculation is based on UTC time of the particular city. It may vary from country standard time, local time etc.
Preveza To Parga travel time
Preveza is located around 47 KM away from Parga so if you travel at the consistent speed of 50 KM per hour you can reach Parga in 1 hours and 10 minutes. Your Parga travel time may vary due to your bus speed, train speed or depending upon the vehicle you use.
Midway point between Preveza To Parga
Mid way point or halfway place is a center point between source and destination location. The mid way point between Preveza and Parga is situated at the latitude of 39._PHONE_ and the longitude of 20.576499919904. If you need refreshment you can stop around this midway place, after checking the safety,feasibility, etc.
Preveza To Parga road map
Parga is located nearly North West
side to Preveza. The bearing degree from Preveza To Parga is 320 ° degree
. The given North West direction from Preveza is only approximate. The given google map shows the direction in which the blue color line indicates road connectivity to Parga. In the travel map towards Parga you may find en route hotels, tourist spots, picnic spots, petrol pumps and various religious places. The given google map is not comfortable to view all the places as per your expectation then to view street maps, local places see our detailed map here.
Preveza To Parga driving direction
The following diriving direction guides you to reach Parga from Preveza. Our straight line distance may vary from google distance.
Travel Distance from Preveza
The onward journey distance may vary from downward distance due to one way traffic road. This website gives the travel information and distance for all the cities in the globe. For example if you have any queries like what is the distance between Preveza and Parga? and How far is Preveza from Parga?. Driving distance between Preveza and Parga. Preveza to Parga distance by road. Distance between Preveza and Parga is 47 KM / 29.5 miles. distance between Preveza and Parga by road. It will answer those queires aslo. Some popular travel routes and their links are given here :-
Travelers and visitors are welcome to write more travel information about Preveza and Parga.
- It can be your previous travel experience between Preveza and Parga.
- Available transport routes to reach Parga like train routes, bus routes, air routes and cruise routes.
- Tourist places or any other important places on the routes between Preveza and Parga.
- Hotels, restaurant information on the way to Parga.
- Photos related to Preveza and Parga or en route.
- Travel queries and other relavent information related to this page.


text:
Headquarters: San Francisco, CA, USAPublic: NOWebsite:_URL_
- Warehouse Drone
- Warehouse Inventory
The Ware Robotics solution uses autonomous drones to scan a warehouse and identify and count all of the inventory. The solution uses off-the-shelf Skydio drones, that are capable of autonomous flight, for the data acquisition platform
Autonomous drones live on nests in your warehouse. The nests keep the drone's batteries charged when they're sleeping. The drones wake up on a schedule, take off, capture data, and return to their nest to recharge.
The typical Ware Robotics operating cycle starts after the human workers end their shift for the day. Each drone is equipped with a stablized, high definition camera that records images of all levels of inventory in the warehouse. The Ware Robotics software processes these images to extract inventory information (SKUs, inventory location, inventory count, etc) from the images.
Ware drone sits on its nest to charge. (Image courtesy of Ware)
Drones upload their data to the Ware cloud where a neural network processes it to extract inventory bin locations, counts, and insights. Visual verification of inventory will be made available in the Ware portal to get a quick look at any anomalies.
The Ware software interface. (Image courtesy of Ware)
The Ware Robotics solution is integrated to your Warehouse Management System, and can sync the inventory scans with the WMS to reconcile inventory levels.
This novel solution leverages the AI-enabled autonomy inherent in the Skydio 2 drones. Ware is one of the first companies to sign a partner agreement with Skydio to be a technology partner. Skydio is currently limited in its production of consumer version of the drone, but Skydio is working closely with Ware to ensure delivery of units to fulfill Ware's customer needs.
The Ware Robotics solution includes all of the supervisory and analysis layer of software that automatically schedules and autonomously operates the drones. The drones fly through waypoints within the warehouse and are able to avoid both the shelving as well as walls and pallets or forktrucks.


text:
Overview of action
Action 3.3, Queensland Cycling Action Plan 2017–2019
Investigate technology solutions to reduce crash risk for vulnerable road users, including cyclists.
The Department of Transport and Main Roads is delivering the Cooperative and Automated Vehicle Initiative (CAVI) to help prepare for the arrival of new vehicle technologies with safety, mobility and environmental benefits on Queensland roads. One component of CAVI is the vulnerable road user pilot which is looking at how new technology applications can benefit vulnerable road user safety including bicycle riders.
In conjunction with the iMove vulnerable road user working committee for Queensland, we conducted a series of workshops with stakeholders to explore technology solutions to reduce the risk of accidents for vulnerable road users such as bicycle riders. Nine projects were shortlisted during this process and they participated in a pitch day in April 2019.
As a result of this process, we entered into a project agreement with iMove and the Queensland University of Technology (QUT). The project, to be delivered by QUT, aims to develop a proof of concept system to share critical safety data between vehicles and vulnerable road users. The system is intended to improve driver awareness so they can avoid collisions with people riding bikes that may be visually obscured or overlooked.
If the proof of concept project is successful, our intent is to progress with a future project to test the system with road users and explore incentives that would attract people to use the system.
The QUT project is expected to be complete in March 2021. We are continuing to work with iMove on opportunities for future research and projects that will assist in improving safety of road users.
Department of Transport and Main Roads


text:
A SIMULATION TO MINIMIZE TRAFFIC VIOLATION IN NIGERIA THROUGH THE USE OF SMART SPIKE STRIP
Traffic light violations always have negative effects on lives and environment and to quantify these negative effects is complex. For traffic light violation to be mitigated or eliminated, gathering of information on traffic incidents such as nature of the road, congestion spots, and volume of traffic on each road cannot be overemphasized. The elimination of traffic light violation particularly in developing countries like Nigeria may not be a realistic goal, but controlling or managing it to reduce the intensity of violation may be achievable. The unbearable traffic congestion is the highest cause of traffic light violation, most especially within the rush hours of the morning when individuals go to work (between 7.00am – 8.00am) and coming back in the evenings (4.00 – 5.00pm and 6.00 – 7.00pm) at most cross roads in Kaduna metropolis. In this research work, an algorithm is developed to control the traffic light violation on one lane of a traffic junction by introducing the smart spike strip which is synchronized with the traffic light control system. The implementation of the algorithm to simulate the control of the traffic light violation on a traffic junction is achieved using Visual Studio 2012 IDE as a platform for the simulation. Screenshots to illustrate the different of the vehicles and lanes which are states static, ready and motion states shown.


MY SAUA-Z IndexImage: Calendar
Student Activities
Leadership Opportunities
Bookmark and Share
three students walking together
The Student Activities Office works in conjunction with various organizations and companies to provide St. Ambrose students, faculty and staff with out-of-classroom educational experiences. Additionally, students are given the opportunity to improve their leadership skills by attending a conference, being a part of a leadership program, and joining a club or organization. Explore the opportunities and endless possibilities!
For questions regarding a specific leadership opportunity, please contact the Office of Student Activities at or _PHONE_.
Whats Next
Maybe you're REALLY interested in leadership


text:
1. Launching ASDM
Now you can launch the Cisco ASDM with the Cisco ASDM Launcher.
Step1. Click [OK.] Leave the username and password fields empty. The Security warning appears.Step2. Click [Continue].Step3. Click [Cancel]. The main ASDM window appears.MEMO: At step3, you are prompted to provide the IP address of the ASA Firepower module. You can later set the module IP address to the correct IP address using the Startup Wizard.
2. Launching Startup Wizard
After launching ASDM, use the Startup Wizard to perform initial configuration.
Step1. Click [Startup Wizard] from the [Wizards] menu bar.Step2. Click [Modify existing configuration].
Step3. Click [Next].Step4. Click [Next]. You can enter the host name and the domain name of the ASA.Step5. Select the appropriate option. Configure the outside interface of the ASA. If you use the ASA "behind" the existing router, select [Use DHCP] in most cases. If you use the ASA "instead of" the existing router, follow the configuration of the router.
Step6. Click [Next].Step7. Click [Next].Caution: To the inside interfaces, you must assign the range of IP addresses different from the range assigned to the outside interface. For example, if the outside range is 192.168.1.x, the inside range should be 192.168.10.x, and so on. You can change the range by selecting an interface and clicking [Edit].
Step8. Click [Next]. You can specify static routes if your network has multiple routers.Step9. Click [Next]. The ASA can act as a DHCP server and provide IP addresses to the hosts on your inside network.MEMO: To connect to the free and fast Cisco Umbrella global net – work DNS service, enter the "184.108.40.206" in the [DNS Server 1] field and the "220.127.116.11" in the [DNS Server 2] field.
Step10. Click [Use Port Address Translation (PAT)]. Select [Use Port Address Translation (PAT)] to share a single external IP address for devices on the inside interface. Select [Use Network Address Translation (NAT)] to share several external IP address for devices on the inside interface.
Step11. Click [Next].Step12. Click [Next]. You can specify the addresses of all hosts or networks, which are allowed to access the ASA using HTTPS/ASDM, SSH or Telnet.Step13. Enter the IP address for the ASA Firepower module. For example, the "192.168.1.2" works with the default configuration.
Step14. Enter the IP address of the Default Gateway. For example, the "192.168.1.1" works with the default configuration.
Step15. Click [Next].Step16. Click [Next]. The ASA can be remotely managed from an Auto Update Server. This includes automatic updating the ASA configuration, ASA image, ASDM image as needed.Step17. Click [Finish]. You have completed the Startup Wizard. To send your changes to the ASA, click [Finish]. If you want to modify any of the data, click [Back].
3. Connecting Switch to ASA
After completing the Startup Wizard, exit the ASDM and disconnect the Ethernet cable from your PC. Then, follow these steps to connect your switch to the ASA. Make sure that nothing is connected to the switch, its settings are configured to use DHCP, and the first Ethernet cable is still connected between the ASA and your WAN device.
4. Install Licenses
Now you can access to the ASA Firepower module with the Cisco ASDM. Relaunch the Cisco ASDM and install the licenses. The Control and Protection licenses are provided by default and the Product Authorization Key (PAK) is included on a printout in your box. If you ordered additional licenses, you should have PAKs for those licenses in your email.
Step1. Launch ASDM and Click [Configuration].
MEMO: The Cisco ASA with Firepower Services ship with a base license for Application Visibility and Control (AVC). Optional subscriptions for Next-Generation IPS (NGIPS), Cisco Advanced Malware Protection (AMP), and URL Filtering (URL) can be added to the base configuration for advanced functionality.
- AVC: Supports more than 3,000 application-layer and risk-based controls that can launch tailored intrusion prevention system (IPS) threat detection policies to optimize security effectiveness.
- NGIPS: Provides highly effective threat prevention and full contextual awareness of users, infrastructure, applications, and content to detect multifactor threats and automate defense response.
- AMP: Delivers inline network protection against sophisticated malware and Cisco Threat Grid sandboxing.
- URL: Adds the capability to filter more than 280 million top-level domains by risk level and more than 82 categories.
Step2. Click [ASA FirePOWER Configuration].Step3. Click [Licenses].Step4. Copy [License Key] text and get the license from the licensing portal (see the MEMO in the next page).
The example of the License Key is 72:78:DA:6E:D9:93:35.Step5. Paste the license activation key into [License] box.
Step6. Click [Verify License].
Step7. Click [Submit License].Step8. If you have additional licenses, click [Add New License] and repeat the steps 5 to 7.MEMO: You can get the license (license activation key) from the licensing portal.
- Go to _URL_
- Enter the PAKs separated by commas in the Get New Licenses field, and click Fulfill.
- You will be asked for the License Key and email address among other fields.
- Copy the resulting license activation key from either the website display or from the zip file attached to the licensing email that the system automatically delivers.


text:
By LAUREN THOMSON Local Journalism Initiative Reporter on June 10, 2021.
Students, teachers, co-ordinators and support workers at Alexandra Middle School joined together Wednesday morning, providing a place to ask and answer questions, and to discuss the discovery of and honour the Kamloops 215.
The morning began outside the school with students and teachers from AMS participating in a traditional smudging ceremony with First Nations Métis Inuit support worker Shirley Boomer.
"I'm just so proud of all the kids," said Boomer, "and it just fills my heart with joy that they're taking it seriously. Moving ahead with something, to not forget this, because this is just such a flash in the pan, but for this to actually keep going, we are so thrilled about that."
Student Mateo Laliberte says the smudging ceremony, "was really eye opening, it was really calming."
Following the ceremony, Paul Bennett, Grade 7 humanities teacher for AMS, led his class inside the school for a round circle discussion. The students gathered around the tables with Bennett, First Nations Métis Inuit co-ordinator Darrell Willier and support workers Shirley Boomer and Morgan Muir.
"For decades we've known that there are missing children," shared Willier. "But the problem is we didn't know where they were."
Willier also indicated his mother spoke of the residential school she attended, and hopes they can look for missing children there, too.
"The five bands that sent kids there were quite happy when this company found the bodies because now it's going to be absolutely undeniable," said Willier. "When you have 215 markers in a field where the school was, it's going to make you pay attention."
The Grade 7 humanities students are certainly paying attention to Canadian history and its impact on them today, with many of their questions and comments during the round circle discussion being followed first by heavy silence.
"It was really upsetting to hear how young some of these kids were," said one student in the circle, "And that they could've grown up to do things like we're getting the chance to do now, but they didn't have that opportunity."
"It's a reminder that Canadian history isn't all good," another student said. "And we didn't all come together in peace and harmony, but things like this really bring up that it was such an unfair act in how people were treated back then."
Bennett has been actively engaged in discussion with his classes throughout his teaching years, saying he tries to use people and resources to bring true, authentic stories into his classroom for his students.
"I think that they have taken the history," said Bennett. "And they've absorbed it and really thought about it critically, so for the most part, the questions haven't been about what happened, I think they've accepted a lot of that just as the truth, but I think most of it is regarding how do we move forward … I think that they're more concerned with today and tomorrow than they are about questioning past, I think they want to move forward with resolving it. I have been very impressed by that."
Student Annie Noon says, "This is not just history anymore, it's a present issue."
First Nations Métis Inuit support worker Morgan Muir spoke about her day with the students.
"I think it gives us a lot of hope as Indigenous People moving forward that the young generation are wanting to hear the truth and wanting to learn more about what actually happened, and like we said take that action going forward. I really think this is a turning point for Canadian Society right now, what do we do now that the truth is irrefutable?"
Principal Todd Samuelson challenged the group of students to have the courage to remind him to continue to engage in this conversation.
"You're going to remind us of this day, and what happened," said Samuelson. "And say it's more than one day a year or a special event."


RFC: Remove preg_replace /e modifier
 - Version: 1.0
 - Date: 2012-02-04
 - Author: Nikita Popov _EMAIL_
 - Status: Implemented
This RFC aims at deprecating and subsequently removing the /e modifier (PREG_REPLACE_EVAL) that preg_replace provides.
What does the /e modifier do?
Quoting the PHP manual:
If this modifier is set, preg_replace() does normal substitution of backreferences in the replacement string,
evaluates it as PHP code, and uses the result for replacing the search string. Single quotes, double quotes,
backslashes (\) and NULL chars will be escaped by backslashes in substituted backreferences.
$code = preg_replace('((.*?))e', '"". strtoupper("$2"). ""', $code); // uppercases headings
There are several serious issues with the /e modifier:
Security issues
As /e evaluates arbitrary PHP code it can easily be exploited if user input is not carefully validated or sanitized.
For example the above example can be used to execute arbitrary PHP code by passing the string {${eval($_GET[php_code])}}. The evaluted code in this case would be "". strtoupper("{${eval($_GET[php_code])}}"). "" and as such execute any PHP code passed in the php_code GET variable.
An example of a larger project which suffered from such a code injection vulnerability is RoundCube (see this changeset).
A both more secure and cleaner approach is the use of preg_replace_callback:
 function ($m) {
 return "". strtoupper($m[2]). "";
When passing the above exploit code ({${eval($_GET[php_code])}}) into this function the result will just be {${EVAL($_GET[PHP_CODE])}} and no code will be executed.
But we don't remove eval() either, do we?
The use of the /e modifier is not comparable to the use of eval(). *Any* use of /e can be replaced with a safer and cleaner use of preg_replace_callback. eval() on the other hand has *some* valid use cases which can not be implemented in any other (sane) way.
Additionally it is much easier to create a vunerability with /e than it is with eval. Firstly many people don't understand PCRE well enough to distinguish whether a use of /e is safe or not. But more importantly the fact that addslashes() is applied to all substituted backreferences creates a false feeling of security (as seen above it can be easily circumvented.)
Overescaping of quotes
The application of addslashes on all substituted backreferences not only isn't helping security, but additionally also results in unexpected behavior when the input contains quotes:
addslashes always escapes both quote types, but only one of them needs escaping (e.g. in double quoted strings only " should be escaped and in single quoted strings only'should be escaped). This will result in one of the quote types to be overescaped. E.g. if Hallo 'World' is passed into the above function the result would be HALLO \'WORLD\' (note the additional backslashes).
This behavior makes /e unusable in many cases (or people just use it anyways, without knowing that it is broken).
Use as obfuscation in exploit scripts
Various exploit scripts use the /e modifier to obfuscate their intention. Some examples from a quick SO search:
This obfuscation hides scripts from grep-like searches (as preg_replace is usually considered a "good" function). Additionally - as you can see in the second link - it is possible to obfuscate the use of the /e modifier itself, making it even harder to find.
Obviously the use by exploit scripts is not bad per se (most exploit scripts also use echo and we better keep that), so don't put too much weight on this argument ;)
The /e modifier has little to no valid uses but imposes a rather big security risk. As it can in any case be replaced by a callback there would be no loss in functionality.
The vote ended with 23 in favor and 4 against the proposal.
Current state
The /e modifier has been deprecated in trunk in _URL_ It will be removed at some later point in time.
rfc/remove_preg_replace_eval_modifier.txt · Last modified: 2017/09/22 13:28 (external edit)


text:
|BSC - Correspondence Course for PO/Clerk Exam in Bank (Revised & Updated)|
BSC, the leader in classroom courses in India for Bank PO/Clerk Exams, also brings you the most comprehensive Correspondence Course for Bank PO/Clerk Exams.
The correspondence courses are aimed at those students who prefer to prepare on their own – for various reasons, such as:
- They stay far off and cannot attend classroom courses.
- Their work/academic commitments do not leave them enough time to attend classes.
BSC Correspondence Course is the closest that one can get to a classroom programme for BANK PO preparation. This course has been prepared based on our, more than two decades in successfully training thousands of students for Bank PO and other Entrance exams. The well-researched course material in our Correspondence Course ensures comprehensive coverage of all basic concepts, with solved examples, short-cuts and strategies for improvement of performance. The basic concepts that are taught in the classroom sessions, covering various test areas, are put together in the form of booklets that will ensure that you derive the same benefits as from the classroom programme. You are given a lot of practice tests, on different topics, covering all the test areas. Our study material and test papers are prepared after carefully researching test papers of previous years, ensuring that you get the best and most relevant course material. This is also revised and updated over time to ensure that you get material that accurately reflects the latest paper pattern. Our course material is widely acknowledged by students as the most exhaustive and update in the market.
Course Content :
The course enables the students to learn at a pace that is convenient to them. The material is comprehensive and developed with great care to ensure phased learning. Every module has been developed keeping in mind the various patterns and question types that have appeared over several years. Developed by experts, the study material coherently helps the student develop the skills required in different areas. The large number of practice exercises creates test conditions and also provides vital practice. These exercises are supplemented by detailed explanations.
Order Coupon:[Click to download Order Coupon Form]


text:
Spellman's Syllabary is a guide to symbols used to represent syllables.
One of the many books Hermione consulted as she worked on her Ancient Runes homework in the common room (OP26, HBP24). She took it along on the quest to find Horcruxes in case she would need to translate runes (DH6). It came in handy (DH16).
"Spellman" is humorous because "spell" can refer to magic or to spelling out a word.
A syllabary is a set of symbols where each one represents a specific syllable. The title of this books suggests that the words used to cast spells are sometimes represented by sets of symbols other than our usual alphabet. However, since English and Latin are not well suited at all for a syllabary, this book might actually be designed for use with another language or perhaps a separate spellcasting language which is built with sound chunks which have discrete magical meanings. - SVA