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Views of stakeholders on career guidance services provided to pupils with hearing impairment at Nsonta secondary school in Kasama district of Zambia
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The study investigated the views of stakeholders on career guidance services provided to pupils with hearing impairment at Nsonta Secondary school in Kasama district of Zambia. The study was guided by the following study objectives: to establish views of stakeholders on how career guidance was being provided to pupils with hearing impairment at Nsonta secondary school, to assess teachers' ability to communicate in sign language during career guidance activities at Nsonta secondary school; to explore views of stakeholders on content of career guidance provided to pupils with hearing impairment at the study school, and to document views of stakeholders on the relevance of career guidance services provided to pupils with hearing impairment at Nsonta Secondary School. The study was qualitative in nature and used a case study design. Interview guides were used on a sample of 25 pupils with hearing impairment two career guidance teachers and six subject teachers. The sample was selected using purposive sampling techniques while analysis of data was done thematically. The study revealed that: career guidance services were mostly provided through one to one approach, in groups and industrial education visits. It was also confident that career guidance teachers dealing with pupils, were knowledgeable of sign language. Hence, communicated effectively with pupils with hearing impairment regarding information on career guidance. Among the content of the information shared were: comprehensive sexuality, time management, choosing a career, knowing one's ability, studying techniques and choosing right friends. In terms of relevance, learners with hearing impairment had conflicting views. While the majority of the pupils considered the guidance service they received from the guidance teacher as relevant, however, the study expressed concerns such as failure among other pupils to comprehend some of the topics and limitations in use of sign language by some teachers. The study recommended that, teachers have adequate knowledge and skills in sign language through Continuing Professional Development (CPDs) programs to communicate well with pupils with hearing impairment and for them to benefit from the career guidance services being currently provided in the study school.
The University of Zambia
- Education


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E. Cobham Brewer _PHONE_. Dictionary of Phrase and Fable. 1898.
Minories (3 syl.) (London).
The cloister of the Minims or, rather, Minoresses (nuns of St. Clare). The Minims were certain reformed Franciscans, founded by St. Francis de Paula in the fifteenth century. They went barefooted, and wore a coarse, black woollen stuff, fastened with a woollen girdle, which they never put off, day or night. The word is derived from the Latin minimus (the least), in allusion to the text, I am less than the least of all saints. (Eph, iii. 8).

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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A new resolution on energy-efficiency regulation of ships was adopted at the 65th session of the Marine Environment Protection Committee (MEPC) of the International Maritime Organization (IMO),...
The charted position of a wreck buoy will usually be offset from the actual geographic position so that the wreck and buoy symbols do not coincide. Only on the largest scale chart will the actual and charted positions of both wreck and buoy be the same. Where they might overlap, it is the wreck symbol which occupies the exact charted position and the buoy symbol which is offset.
Wreck buoys are required to be placed by the owner of the wreck, but they may be placed by the Coast Guard if the owner is unable to comply with this requirement. In general, privately placed aids are not as reliable as Coast Guard aids.
Sunken wrecks are sometimes moved away from their buoys by storms, currents, freshets, or other causes. Just as shoals may shift away from the buoys placed to mark them, wrecks may shift away from wreck buoys.


What is Ultimate?
Ultimate is fun!
Ultimate is a fast paced, non-contact sport suitable for people of all ages. Ultimate combines the speed of soccer with the throwing and catching of basketball and football.
Games are self-officiated and players settle disputes amongst themselves using a code of ethics known as "Spirit of the Game". All you need to play is a field and a disc, what are you waiting for?
Ultimate in 10 Simple Rules
As found on usaultimate.org
1. The Field: A rectangular shape with end zones at each end. A regulation field is 70 yards long by 40 yards wide, with end zones 20 yards deep.
2. Starting Play: Each point begins with both teams lining up on the front of opposite end zone lines. The defense throws ("pulls") the disc to the offense. A regulation game has seven players per team.
3. Scoring: Each time the offense catches a pass in the defense's end zone, the offense scores a point. The teams switch direction after every goal, and the next point begins with a new pull by the team that just scored.
7. Non-contact: Players must attempt to avoid physical contact during play. Picks and screens are also prohibited.
8. Fouls: When a player initiates contact that affects the play, a foul occurs. When a foul causes a player to lose possession, the play resumes as if the possession was retained. If the player that the foul was called against disagrees with the foul call, the play is redone.
10. Spirit of the Game: The foundation of the rules in ultimate is Spirit of the Game, which places the responsibility for fair play on the player. Competitive play is encouraged, but never at the expense of respect between players, adherence to the rules, and the basic joy of play.
TUL letters transparent.png


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Concrete tower parts of concrete-steel hybrid towers of wind turbines can show abnormalities in the material a few years after construction. Initially small cracks and spalling can later lead to critical damage in the concrete structure.
That is why it is important to assess any anomalies on the tower before the end of the warranty period so that they can be repaired. In a pilot project for a European wind turbine manufacturer, TÜV Nord is using drone support for the end-of-warranty inspection. The entire concrete tower is photographed by drone. TÜV Nord employees evaluate the images afterwards. In the medium term, an automated image recognition system is also to be used. Using the drone-based inspection, 34 of the manufacturer's wind turbines have already been assessed this year. Now, the procedure is being extended to additional sites.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


UtilityNetworkSourceUsageType
Types
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Assemblies such as switchgear.
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Network devices, such as transformers or valves.
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Non-spatial edge, such as a fiber strand in a fiber cable.
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Miscellaneous junctions not typically tracked as assets, such as taps.
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Non-spatial junctions, such as a transceiver in a fiber network.
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Lines such as conductors, pipes, or fiber strands.
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Polygonal structures, such as substations or town border stations.
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Non-spatial structure edge, such as a duct in a duct bank.
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Point structures, such as poles.
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Non-spatial structure junction, such as a duct port in a manhole.
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Linear structures, such as ducts, conduits, or buffer tubes.
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System-generated subnetwork lines.


erobes: will use oxygen if present, but can survive without it
Moisture: dissolved nutrients enter bacteria through their cell walls. Therefore, for bacteria to survive, they need to be surrounded by available water. This available water is referred to as water activity (aW). It indicates the amount of free (unbound) water present. Water activity ranges from values between 0.00 and 1.00 where 1.00 is the maximum amount of free water. Therefore, the water activity of flours would be closer to 0.00 while the water activity of a juice would be closer to 1.00. Water activity in meats can be controlled by adding salts, sugars and nitrate ingredients that are able to bind some of the water. Water activity of 0.7. 0.75 and 0.8 can activate growth of mold, yeast and bacteria respectively.
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González Espitia, Juan Carlos
A History of the Writerly Pox in the Eighteenth-Century Hispanic World Juan Carlos González Espitia
Syphilis was a prevalent affliction in the era of the Americas' colonization, creating widespread anxiety that is indicated in the period's literature across numerous fields. Reflecting Spaniards' political prejudices of the period, it was alternately labeled "mal francés" or "el mal de las Indias... More


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Ideas for growth
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Ideas for growth
Money or power? Choosing COVID-19 aid in Kenya
Participants in an experiment comparing demand for cash transfers and electricity subsidies in urban Kenya, overwhelmingly prefer cash given the proliferation of mobile money via platforms like M-PESA and preference for short-term liquidity. Conversely, in rural Kenya, slightly more respondents opted for electricity token transfers given that they face saving constraints with the concern that they might spend money on extraneous items due to social pressure. Electricity consumption increases more with token as compared to cash transfers.
In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, more than 100 countries introduced aid programmes that lowered the cost of utilities such as electricity, water, transport, and mobile money fees. Economists, however, are divided about what kind of transfers – in-kind or cash – best address the unique challenges of public health crises. Cash transfer programmes are often touted for the flexibility they provide recipients, but in places where the transaction costs of paying for utilities are high – especially during crises – in-kind transfers like electricity transfers could be more effective. In which contexts should policy makers choose each of these different policy options? What would the recipients themselves prefer?
To answer these questions, we surveyed more than 3,000 respondents from May through October of 2020 in urban and rural Kenya, and ran an experiment to compare the demand for cash transfers and electricity subsidies. We sorted respondents into four groups:
 - The first group was offered three prepaid electricity token transfers, each worth US$ 5;
 - The second was given the choice between the same electricity token transfers worth US$ 5 each, and three cash transfers worth US$ 5 each;
 - The third was offered the choice between the same three US$ 5 electricity token transfers, and three cash transfers worth US$ 3.50 each.
 - The fourth group was a control.
We surveyed respondents before and after all three transfers had been made, to measure the impacts of these transfers on a broad range of socioeconomic outcomes.
Recipients overwhelmingly prefer mobile money over pre-paid electricity tokens
Our main finding is that participants overwhelmingly prefer cash, and are willing to accept a substantial discount to receive mobile money rather than an electricity transfer. This is especially true in urban areas, where mobile money is widespread and transaction costs are low: 96% chose cash in the US$ 5 group, while 87% chose cash in the US$ 3.50 group.
Why might respondents prefer cash so strongly over electricity?
 1. Mobile money is widespread in Kenya: 97% of households have an M-PESA account, and 68% live within 1 km of an M-PESA agent. The 2013 launch of Lipa-na-MPESA ('Pay-with-MPESA') facilitated the use of mobile money for commercial transactions, including purchasing electricity tokens from Kenya Power. It helped further integrate mobile money into the economy, charging no fees for transactions below US$ 2 in value. Since mobile money can be converted to electricity at a relatively low cost, this may explain why many respondents chose cash.
 2. Our electricity transfers are large, and may be well above what an average household would choose to spend on electricity. The token transfer of US$ 5 represents 2.9 months of average electricity spending in our sample. While electricity top-ups do not expire in the short term, cash may provide households – who have trouble borrowing – with better short-term liquidity.
Figure 1: Demand for electricity tokens in choice arms
Demand for US$ 1 of electricity expressed in US$ of mobile money. In an equal trade-off, 13.4% and 4.5% of rural and urban respondents, respectively, prefer electricity. Even when US$ 1 worth of electricity costs only US$ 0.70, only 33.7% 17.8% of rural and urban respondents, respectively, choose electricity.
Some recipients prefer electricity tokens over cash
In rural areas, slightly more respondents opted for tokens: 13% chose electricity in the US$ 5 group, while 33% chose it in the US$ 3.50 group. Why is this? First, some respondents face saving constraints, expressing concern that they may spend the money on something else – due to social pressures, for example. Receiving the electricity directly ensures the money is spent on electricity alone. Furthermore, respondents who do not use mobile transactions may need to purchase tokens in-person, and receiving direct electricity transfers allows them to avoid the travel time required to buy tokens from a vendor.
In related work in Ghana, we find that residents of Accra have an even stronger preference for prepaid electricity tokens. This may be due to the lower penetration of mobile money in this context, as well as the higher transaction costs for purchasing electricity. We therefore emphasise the importance of understanding the local context when deciding what aid programme to implement.
Electricity transfers increase electricity consumption significantly more than cash transfers
Electricity transfers significantly increase electricity usage, by around 30 kWh (worth US$ 3) for the rural sample and 43 kWh (worth US$ 4) for the urban sample. We also observe higher metre balances at the endline survey for both groups. On the other hand, being given the choice between US$ 5 cash or US$ 5 in tokens – a group in which 96% of urban respondents chose mobile money – had no effect on electricity usage. Given that electricity is storable and transaction costs for using mobile money to purchase electricity tokens is low, there is no reason for the electricity transfers in the direct token transfer group to generate a larger increase in electricity usage. Instead, mental accounting, or increased attention to electricity usage due to the treatment, might account for increased electricity consumption amongst the token group.
Optimal policy depends on context
Should policy makers give electricity subsidies or cash transfers during an economic crisis? Based on the different preferences of urban and rural respondents, and on comparing these results to a similar survey in Ghana, we argue that the surrounding context of the local mobile money infrastructure and the transaction costs of topping up electricity are crucial. In Kenya, where mobile money is already widely used, and transaction costs for topping up electricity are relatively low even in rural areas, cash transfers are preferred by most recipients. In other contexts, where mobile money is not yet used by the majority of residents, in-kind transfers like electricity subsidies may generate more benefits.
Editor's note: This article is based on this IGC project.
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Half a loaf is better than no bread
What's the meaning of the phrase 'Half a loaf is better than no bread'?
Something, even if it isn't what you ideally would prefer, is better than nothing.
What's the origin of the phrase 'Half a loaf is better than no bread'?
This proverbial saying is first found in the same place as many other proverbial sayings - John Heywood's 1546 glossary A dialogue conteinyng the nomber in effect of all the prouerbes in the englishe tongue:
Throwe no gyft agayne at the giuers head,
For better is halfe a lofe then no bread.
Many proverbs are a form of condensed popular wisdom and 'half a loaf is better than no bread' seems like plain common sense - few would argue with it. Nevertheless, in psychology experiments to determine whether fairness was an innate concept in humans or whether it was learned, pairs of UK and US children have been set the following test:
One child is offered four sweets (or candy if you prefer) and the other is offered one. The child with the opportunity to take four sweets is given this choice:
A. Either, you get four sweets and the other child gets one.
B. Or, you both get nothing.
Surprisingly to many, children routinely choose option B and reject the sweets, preferring to maintain a sense of fairness. In purely material terms this makes little sense as, by maintaining fairness, the choosing child robs the partner of one sweet and him/herself of four.
Heywood might have suggested 'throw no gift at the giver's head' but children don't appear to agree.
See also: the List of Proverbs.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Get Random Number Using Liquid
Get Random Number Using Liquid
Generate random numbers in Liquid was once possible with built-in rand(), but it has been taken out because it's easy to replicate in JavaScript and doesn't benefits to server side caching. However, you can actually get a random number in Liquid through a simple trick: making use of both the date & modulo Liquid filters1.
For example in a Jekyll project, get a random number like follows:
 1. Get the current date, using site.time;
 2. Extract the nanoseconds value from the date, using %s date filter;
 3. Use the module filter to get the random number between the min & max settings;
 4. Eventually, add the min value to the result.
And here is an example, generate a random number between 50 to 100:
{% assign min = 50 %}
{% assign max = 100 %}
{% assign diff = max | minus: min %}
{% assign randomNumber = site.time | date: "%s" | modulo: diff | plus: min %}
However, the randomNumber is actually fixed because the site.time is fixed once you start building the static files. It's only random among different builds. You can, just replace the site.time with anything that can be converted into integers. So, I've decided to use the page.content | size to replace the site.time at present for a pseudo random number.
Did you know that you can generate numbers in SCSS?
The random(param:max) is available in SCSS.
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Hey, there! This is Frank Lin (@flinhong), one of the 1.41 billion . This 'inDev. Journal' site holds the exploration of my quirky thoughts and random adventures through life. Hope you enjoy reading and perusing my posts.
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JavaScript is a very function-oriented language. As we know, functions are first class objects and can be easily assigned to variables, passed as arguments, returned from another function invocation, or stored into data structures. A function can access variable outside of it. But what happens when an outer variable changes? Does a function get the most recent value or the one that existed when the function was created? Also, what happens when a function invoked in another place - does it get access to the outer variables of the new place?
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 Home arrow Light and Sound machines arrow What is a mind machine
What is a mind machine
What are Mind Machines / Light and Sound Machines?
There are many names for this technology:
- Audio-visual stimulation devices
- Light and sound entrainment devices (SLEDs)
- Mind machines
Essentially it is a tiny low spec computer that controls signals to your light glasses and your headphones. Simply select a session (depending on what you want to achieve) and then put on the glasses and heaphones.
History of mind machines
The first concepts were born in the late 1940s by Gray Walter. he noticed that flashing lights caused the human brain to follow the frequencies of these flashing lights.
Following from this discovery, numerous machines were developed for brainwave entrainment. A majority included tiny lights mounted in a pair of spectacles.
As time went by, audio began to be introduced in much the same. Usually achieved by using the 'binaural beat' phenomenom. Binaural beats are where one beat is played in one ear, and a second, very slightly later, in the second ear. Simultaneously, the two beats would cause the brain to interprwet just the difference in timing between the tow, and would then follow that frequency.
 The combined effects of having both the photic and the auditory portions of the brain stimulated in synchrony was found to be profound.
Today, SLEDs are used by psychologists and hypnotherapists in their practices and now also by non-professionals for helping achieve relaxation, stress management, Insomnia, mind expansion, accelerated learning and retention, breaking limiting beliefs, phobias, anxiety, sports training, and promoting physical wellness.
What's usually included with mind machines
A typical system consists of the micro-processor driven base unit, stereo headphones, and light glasses that have 8 tiny lights (LEDs). They can be 1 channel which means one colour glasses or two channel where you can enjoy a combination of any two colours. They usually have the capability to respond to Audiostrobe signals like from the Audiostrobe cds.
Please note:
These products are not intended for medical usage. No claims are made for medical benefits and as such these devices are purely for entertainment. If you have a medical issue, please go to see your regular gp/doctor.
Light and Sound machines


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Frequently Asked Questions
was designed with your needs in mind. So, there is a good chance that you will find the answer to your question here. Plus, it is available to you 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.
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How do I delete a space after an email address in Excel file?
Sometimes email addresses are entered into a Microsoft Excel file with spaces after them and this can cause issues when you try to upload the list into your Benchmark Email account. Follow these steps to remove any spaces from your file:
- Highlight and copy the space that is after the email address.
- Open the "Find and Replace" menu by clicking CTRL+F or by selecting Edit > Find > Replace.
- Select the Replace tab.
- In the "Find" field, paste the space you copied earlier.
- Leave the "Replace" field blank.
- Click Replace All.
- Highlight and copy the column of email addresses from your Excel file.
- Open the Notepad program by selecting Start > All Programs > Accessories > Notepad. Paste the email addresses into Notepad.
- Place the cursor after the first email address on the list. Click and drag to the right to highlight any space. Copy the area you just highlighted.
- Click CTRL-H to open the "Replace" box. Paste the space you copied into the "Find What" box. In the "Replace with" section, place your cursor inside and then click Replace All.
More related questions


By Brooke Adams, communications specialist, University Marketing and Communications
Students in social work professor Caren Frost's honors course went from the classroom to the community to get a more hands-on understanding of what it is like to be a Muslim student at the U.
jn-class-photo-2What they found: There was general agreement among the Muslim students interviewed that they feel welcome at the U, though some said there is more the university could do to support them. Specifically, the Muslim students suggested that the U do the following:
 - Make a prayer room available at or near the on-campus residence halls.
 - Broaden food options available on campus to include selections that meet halal requirements.
 - Support and acknowledge Islamic observances, such as Ramadan and the holiday of Id al-Fitr, which would also provide opportunities to educate others about the religion.
The honors students conducted the surveys and presented their findings as their end-of-semester project for the course, Voices of Muslim Women.
The 28 students worked in teams to find and interview more than two dozen of their peers, with a focus on exploring high school and college experiences, experiences on-and off-campus and relationships with friends and parents. Some participants grew up in Utah; others came here as international students.
The interviewees included students who've lived in other states and they described Utahns overall as more understanding and accepting. According to one student presenter, an interviewee found that in Utah, "when you talk about religion, people get it. When you say 'I do this because of my religion,' people understand that."
Another interviewee initially worried about leaving the "bubble" of acceptance and familiarity experienced during high school but upon arriving at the U found support and understanding.
Most described angst over inaccurate portrayals, particularly by the media, of their faith, which they said typically fail to reflect the diversity of the Muslim community. "Don't fall for the media bias," one interviewee said.
Muslims are required to pray five times a day, at daybreak, noon, mid-afternoon, sunset and evening. The Muslim students said they appreciate that the U provides a prayer room at the Union Building, but said making use of the room in off-hours is challenging when shuttles aren't available between the residence halls and the building. They also wished there was a mosque closer to campus.
Some student teams had an 'aha moment' listening to interviewees, discovering they had more in common than the students assumed. The team that focused on relationships with parents, siblings and friends said, with the exception of dating practices, participants gave answers that sounded a lot like how any non-Muslim student would respond.
"It is a pleasure to have students from international and national backgrounds engaging in conversations about how their lives are more similar than they imagined," Frost said.


Microsoft has purchased Perceptive Pixel, a developer of large multi-touch displays, Microsoft announced today.
Perceptive Pixel already makes an 82-inch multi-touch surface that runs Windows 8. It's typically touted as a surface that's good for businesses.
For example, whenever you see a live video report on CNN, the multi-touch displays they use are made by Perceptive Pixel.
The surface can detect dozens of points of contact — from fingers, or styluses or pens.
There's still no word on how expensive the device will cost.
"We have to work on affordability," Microsoft CEO Steve Ballmer said.
The surface is being touted as something that's powered by Microsoft Office, where you can edit documents, draw on a virtual whiteboard or interact with other Microsoft Office apps.


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- Author or Editor: Clyde Fraisse x
Most of the winter vegetable production in the southeastern United States is located in Florida. High-value vegetable crops are grown under intensive fertilization and irrigation management practices using drip, overhead, or seepage irrigation systems. Rainfall events may raise the water table in fields irrigated by seepage irrigation resulting in leaching of nutrients when the level is lowered to remove excess water. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phases on rainfall distribution and leaching rain occurrences during the fall, winter, and spring tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) growing seasons using long-term weather records available for main producing areas. Differences in fall growing season mean precipitation during El Niño, La Niña, and neutral years were found to be nonsignificant. Winter and spring mean precipitations during El Niño, La Niña, and neutral years were found to be significantly different. Winter and spring average rainfall amounts during La Niña and neutral years were lower than during El Niño years. During El Niño years, at least one leaching rainfall event of 1.0 inch or more in 1 day occurred at all locations and all planting seasons and two of these events occurred in more than 9 of 10 years except during the winter and spring planting seasons at the Tamiami Trail station located in Miami–Dade County. During the fall growing season of El Niño years, three to four 1.0 inch or more in 1-day leaching rainfalls may be expected at least 4 of 5 years at all locations. In the case of larger leaching rainfall events (3.0 inches or more recorded in 3 days or 4.0 inches or more recorded in 7 days), the probability of having at least one event was mostly less than 0.80. Based on these results, nitrogen fertilizer supplemental applications of 30 to 120 lb/acre could be applied during the fall growing season of all ENSO phases and during all planting seasons of El Niño years. Using current fertilizer prices, one supplemental fertilizer application of 30 lb/acre nitrogen and 16.6 lb/acre potassium costs $55/acre. Assuming a median wholesale price of $12 per 25-lb box, this additional cost may be offset by a modest yield increase of 4.6 boxes/acre (compared with a typical 2500 25-lb box/acre marketable yield). These results suggest that ENSO phases could be used to predict supplemental fertilizer needs for tomato, but adjustments to local weather conditions may be needed.
Weather has a major influence on cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.) production. Variation in yield between years and cropping seasons is common in North America. Cabbage in Florida has historically been cultivated on bare ground with seepage irrigation. The objectives of this study were to compare yield and profit of a bare ground cabbage production system used in Florida with an alternative plasticulture system. Data from various cabbage trials were combined by production system and used to create regression equations that predicted yield based on air temperature and solar radiation that were significantly correlated with yield. The regression equations were then simulated with correlated stochastic air temperature and solar radiation to estimate the yield distributions for both systems. Cabbage price ($/Mg fresh) was stochastically simulated (correlated to yield) to be used in the profit model. The profit model was created by using the product of yield and the price per unit yield minus fixed and variable costs associated with production and marketing. Simulated profit for bare ground and plasticulture was used to estimate their respective distributions to provide a tool for making better management decisions in the presence of risky weather conditions. The plasticulture system was estimated to have a 36% higher cost but a 57% higher profit than the bare ground system. This is, in large part, because the simulated mean yield for the bare ground system was 29.7 Mg·ha−1 compared with 54.4 Mg·ha−1 for plasticulture. These findings confirmed that plasticulture is an economically viable best management practice for cabbage production in Northeast Florida.
Florida is a major fresh-market cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata) producing state in the United States. The current cabbage production system relies on bare ground and subirrigation that requires a large volume of water to irrigate the crop. The bare ground system facilitates a maximum of 48,438 plant/ha, while there is a potential to increase plant population per area using plasticulture and drip irrigation. The objectives of this study were to determine the optimum cabbage plant population and plant arrangement that maximizes marketable yield per area for a high cabbage population plasticulture system. Cabbage was grown on 1.2-m-wide raised beds with black plastic mulch and drip irrigation. Plants were grown in either three or four rows with in-row plant spacings ranging from 15 to 35 cm and plant populations ranging from 41,518 to 129,167 plants/ha. Cabbage marketable yield increased as in-row spacing increased. Yields ranged from 19.7 to 69.7 Mg·ha−1. Marketable yield was not different between 3 and 4 rows for in-row spacings above 25 cm. The 15 and 20 cm in-row spacing produced significantly lower yields in the 4-row configuration as compared with the 3-row configuration in Fall and Winter 2011. Wider in-row spacings produced a greater percentage of heads of marketable size while reducing the percentage of small heads when compared with narrower in-row spacings. Mean head weight increased as in-row spacing increased and a 3- or 4-row configuration with an in-row spacing between 25 and 30 cm had consistently high yields in all three seasons compared with narrower in-row plant spacings. These results indicated that with a high population plasticulture system variable plant populations could be selected. In-row plant spacings between 30 and 35 cm may be beneficial for early plantings while a 25-cm spacing could be more productive for later plantings, especially when weather conditions are favorable.
Watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai] growers choose transplanting dates every year considering multiple risk factors. Earlier harvests linked to earlier planting typically find more favorable markets, but earlier planting has higher risk of freeze damage. Research also indicates that risk of fusarium wilt (caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum) is higher during cooler weather, adding to the risk of planting earlier. Thus, growers need to balance market risk (e.g., getting a low price) and production risk (e.g., lower harvest or higher cost due to freezing temperatures or disease) in selecting a planting date. The objective of this analysis is to examine the effect of planting date on the distribution of potential economic returns and evaluate whether late planting could be a favorable risk-management strategy. Probability distributions are estimated for key risk factors based on input from watermelon growers, published price data, historical freeze data, experiment station trials, and expert discussions. The distribution of economic returns is then simulated for three planting windows (early, middle, and late) using simulation software. Results demonstrate planting date risk–return tradeoffs and indicate that late planting is unlikely to be preferable to middle planting, even when risk of fusarium wilt is high.


Dreambooth
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DreamBooth is a deep learning generation model developed by researchers from Google Research and Boston University in 2022. It is designed to fine-tune existing text-to-image models, such as Stable Diffusion, to generate more personalized and fine-tuned outputs. DreamBooth is implemented by training the model on a small set of images depicting a specific subject, along with text prompts that contain the name of the subject's class. This allows the model to generate diverse instances of the subject based on its training. The methodology involves fine-tuning the model using paired low-resolution and high-resolution images to maintain the minute details of the subject.
Features:
 1. Fine-tuning: DreamBooth allows fine-tuning of text-to-image models, enabling them to generate more specific and personalized images.
 2. Subject-specific training: The model is trained on a small set of images depicting a specific subject, along with class-specific text prompts. This training allows the model to generate diverse instances of the subject.
 3. Maintenance of details: DreamBooth uses paired low-resolution and high-resolution images to fine-tune the super-resolution components of the model, ensuring the maintenance of minute details in the generated images.
Use Cases:
 1. Overcoming repeatability issues: DreamBooth addresses the challenge of controlling the appearance and identity of subjects in text-to-image models. It enables users to generate multiple images of various things with the same subject, overcoming the limitations of existing models.
 2. Artistic expression: Artists can utilize DreamBooth to incorporate specific art styles associated with human artists into their work. However, ethical considerations regarding imitation and the source of artistic styles have been raised.
 3. Personalized storytelling: DreamBooth can be used to tell stories that involve specific individuals or friends who resemble known personalities. By training the model on images and prompts related to the desired person, the generated images can bear a closer resemblance to the target individual.
Please note that DreamBooth should be used responsibly and not for malicious purposes. The training of models using DreamBooth is still governed by the CreativeML Open RAIL-M license that applies to Stable Diffusion models.


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St. Joseph's Catholic Church
Saint Joseph's history dates back to 1903. While it might seem strange to have two churches just a half mile apart, it makes sense when you look at history. People came from Europe and wanted a sense of home, which is experienced mostly through language and customs. In 1884, fifty Polish families built their own church in Franklin Township, four miles southwest of Delano. This parish was named Saint Mary of Czestochowa, which was a mission of Saint Peter's, and then Saint Joseph's before becoming an independent parish. In the town, the parish of Saint Joseph's was built, which had its corner stone placed in July of 1903, and the church was completed on January 1, 1904.


text: The effects of unions on productivity and firm performance have been the topic of extensive research. Existing studies have, however, primarily focused on firm-level bargaining and on markets that are characterised by a small and fixed number of identical firms. This paper studies how different unionisation structures affect firm productivity and firm performance in a monopolistic competition model with heterogeneous firms and free entry. While centralised bargaining induces tougher selection among heterogeneous producers and thus increases average productivity, firm-level bargaining allows less productive entrants to remain in the market. Centralised bargaining also results in higher average output and profit levels than either decentralised bargaining or a competitive labour market. From the perspective of consumers, the choice between centralised and decentralised bargaining involves a potential trade-off between product variety and product prices.


Chevrolet has made great efforts to use new technology in its cars. And in a bid to reduce weight in the Corvette, the company has announced it will be using a lightweight shape memory alloy wire to replace motorized components used to open and close a hatch release vent. So what exactly does this lightweight shape memory alloy wire do? Basically it's a wire made from copper-aluminum-nickel or nickel-titanium. The wire's chemistry allows it to change its shape when subjected to heat, electric current or pressure. The smart bit is that the wire remembers its original shape and goes back to its original form when deactivated.This makes it an ideal candidate for opening and closing jobs and hence its use in the 2014 Corvette's The specific vent for which it will be used, releases air trapped in the trunk and helps close the trunk lid easier. GM is in the process of putting the wire to greater use in its car, and is in the process of replacing roughly 200 motorized parts of a typical car. This will allow for greater weight reduction. It doesn"t seem so important from the outside, but as the number of electronic system climbs, the cabling ni cars has become a major subject of research. Official press release
Filed in Transportation. Read more about Chevrolet, general motors and gm.
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Published: 2022 Januar
Organisation: 55th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS)
Trust transfer is a promising perspective on prevalent discussions about trust in AI-capable technologies. However, the convergence of AI with other technologies challenges existing theoretical assumptions. First, it remains unanswered whether both trust in AI and the base technology is necessary for trust transfer. Second, a nuanced view on trust sources is needed, considering the dual role of trust. To address these issues, we examine whether trust in providers and trust in technologies are necessary trust conditions. We conducted a survey with 432 participants in the context of autonomous vehicles and applied necessary condition analysis. Our results indicate that trust in AI technology and vehicle technology are necessary sources. In contrast, only vehicle providers represent a necessary source. We contribute to research by providing a novel perspective on trust in AI, applying a promising data analysis method to reveal necessary trust sources, and consider duality of trust in trust transfer.
Download: Media:HICSS55-Necessary Conditions of Multi-Source Trust Transfer in Artificial Intelligence.pdf


Y-%m"), date_breaks = "6 month") + theme(axis.text.x=element_text(angle=90,hjust=1,vjust=0.5))
#Plot for AQI of SO2
ggplot(data = p_data,aes(Month, SO2.AQI)) + ggtitle("SO2 AQI over the years") + stat_summary(fun.y = mean, geom = "line") + scale_x_date(labels = date_format("%Y-%m"), date_breaks = "6 month") + theme(axis.text.x=element_text(angle=90,hjust=1,vjust=0.5))
#Plot for AQI of CO
ggplot(data = p_data,aes(Month, CO.AQI)) + ggtitle("CO AQI over the years") + stat_summary(fun.y = mean, geom = "line") + scale_x_date(labels = date_format("%Y-%m"), date_breaks = "6 month") + theme(axis.text.x=element_text(angle=90,hjust=1,vjust=0.5))
#AQI of NO2 by country
ggplot(data = p_data,aes(y=NO2.AQI, x=State ,
colour=Month)) + ggtitle("NO2 AQI by Country") + geom_boxplot() + theme(axis.text.x=element_text(angle=90,hjust=1,vjust=0.5))
#AQI of SO2 by country
ggplot(data = p_data,aes(y=SO2.AQI, x=State , colour=Month))
+ ggtitle("SO2 AQI by Country") + geom_boxplot() + theme(axis.text.x=element_text(angle=90,hjust=1,vjust=0.5))
#AQI of CO by country
ggplot(data = p_data,aes(y=CO.AQI, x=State ,fill=State, colour=Month)) +ggtitle("CO AQI by Country") + geom_boxplot() + theme(axis.text.x=element_text(angle=90,hjust=1,vjust=0.5))
Further, we will look into the distribution of the Air Quality Index by state using a bar plot, a scatter plot, a box plot, and a histogram.
#Bar-plot
ggplot(data = p_data, aes(x = NO2.AQI, fill = State)) + geom_bar(position = "dodge") + labs(x = "Air Quality Index of NO2", y = "Count", title = "Distribution of AQI by State" )
#Scatter-plot
ggplot(data = p_data,aes(x = NO2.AQI, y=NO2.Mean, col =
State)) + geom_point(alpha = 0.6,size = 2) + labs(x = "Air Quality Index of NO2", y= "Count",title = "Distribution of AQI by State")
#Box-plot
ggplot(data = p_data, aes(x = "Count",y = NO2.AQI, fill = State)) + geom_boxplot()
#Histogram
ggplot(data = p_data, aes(x = O3.AQI,col=State)) + geom_histogram(bins = 50) + labs(title = "Air Quality Index of O3") + theme_bw()
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Implementing Linear Regression
Till now, we have visualized the data of US pollution levels. Next, we will be implementing Machine Learning algorithms such as linear regression and k-means clustering.
First, we will be loading the caTools package for implementing linear regression algorithms.
library(caTools)
#We will use the seed() function to generate the same set of random values from the dataset
set.seed(111)
#Splitting the data into a 70:30 ratio using NO2.1st.Max.Value
sample.split(p_data$NO2.1st.Max.Value, SplitRatio = 0.7) >split_tag
#Creating the train and test sets
subset(p_data, split_tag == TRUE) ->train
subset(p_data, split_tag == FALSE) -> test
#Building the linear regression model using the train dataset
l_model<- lm(NO2.AQI ~ NO2.1st.Max.Value , data = train)
#Using options will convert the scientific values into numerical values
options(scipen = 999)
#Making predictions using the test dataset
pred_val<- predict(l_model, newdata = test)
head(pred_val)
#Binding the actual and predicted values
cbind(Actual = test$NO2.AQI,Predicted = pred_val) ->final_data
View(final_data)
#As the data is in the form of a matrix, we will convert it into a dataframe
final_data<- as.data.frame(final_data)
final_data
#Calculating the error and binding it to the actual and
predicted values
final_data$Actual - final_data$Predicted -> error
View(final_data)
cbind(final_data,error) ->final_data
head(final_data)
#Calculating the root mean square. The lower value of RMSE denotes the
perfection of the model in making predictions
sqrt(mean((final_data$error)^2))
plot(p_data$NO2.1st.Max.Value,p_data$NO2.AQI
Become a Data Science Architect IBM
Implementing K-means Clustering
Further in this R tutorial for Data Science, will now implement the k-means clustering algorithm to understand the structure of the data. For this, we will try to cluster the different groups of the data.
Now, Let us start implementing the algorithm.
First, we will load the required packages for implementing the algorithm.
library(dplyr)
Next, we will make a group of NO2, SO2, and O3 using the select() function.
p_data %>% select("NO2.AQI","O3.AQI","SO2.AQI")->AQI_cluster
plot_clus_coord(AQI_cluster, p_data)
We will have a view of the cluster that is created.
View(AQI_cluster)
Now, we will create separate clusters for O3, NO2, and SO2. We will start by creating the clusters of O3.
kmeans(AQI_cluster$O3.AQI,3)->cluster_O3
cbind(O3=AQI_cluster$O3.AQI,Cluster=cluster_O3$cluster)->cluster_group
View(cluster_group)
#We will convert the matrix of clusters into a dataframe
as.data.frame(cluster_group)->cluster_group
Let us now separate all the clusters of O3 by using the filter function.
cluster_group %>% filter(Cluster==1)->cluster_group_1
cluster_group %>%
filter(Cluster==2)->cluster_group_2
cluster_group %>%
filter(Cluster==3)->cluster_group_3
View(cluster_group_1)
Similarly, we will create clusters for NO2 and further separate the clusters.
kmeans(AQI_cluster$NO2.AQI,3)->cluster_NO2
cbind(NO2=AQI_cluster$NO2.AQI,Cluster=cluster_NO2$cluster)->cluster_group_NO2
View(cluster_group_NO2)
as.data.frame(cluster_group_NO2)->cluster_group_NO2
cluster_group_NO2 %>% filter(Cluster==1)->cluster_group1_NO2
cluster_group_NO2 %>% filter(Cluster==2)->cluster_group2_NO2
cluster_group_NO2 %>% filter(Cluster==3)->cluster_group3_NO2
View(cluster_group1_NO2)
View(cluster_group2_NO2)
View(cluster_group3_NO2)
Finally, we will create clusters for SO2.
kmeans(AQI_cluster$SO2.AQI,3)->cluster_SO2
View(cluster_SO2)
cbind(SO2=AQI_cluster$SO2.AQI,Cluster=cluster_SO2$cluster)-


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Description: Standard smoldering and flaming combustion tests using small coal samples have been developed by the U.S. Bureau of Mines as a method to evaluate the response of a smoke detector. The tests are conducted using a standard smoke box designed and constructed according to Underwriters Laboratories. The tests provide a standard, easily reproducible smoke characteristic for smoldering and flaming coal combustion, based upon a comparison of the smoke optical density and the response of a standard ionization chamber to the smoke. With these standard tests, the range of threshold limits for the response of a smoke detector and the detector's reliability can be evaluated for nearly identical smoke visibility and smoke physical characteristics. The detector's threshold response limits and reliability need to be well defined prior to the instrument's use as part of a mine fire warning system for improved mine safety.
Creator: Edwards, John C. & Morrow, Gerald S.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department


Régie des rentes du Québec
Administering a defined contribution plan
A defined contribution plan is generally administered by a pension committee, which is the first responder for the plan and must ensure that the plan is in conformity with the relevant laws.
The pension committee is responsible for the administration of the plan and the management of the pension fund. Furthermore, it has an important role to plan in providing information to plan members. It must act with prudence, diligence and competence, like any reasonable person.
Sometimes the administrator is not a pension committee
A plan with less than 26 members and beneficiaries can be administered by the employer. In that case, the employer has the same obligations and responsibilities as a pension committee.
Who can provide information about a plan?
Generally, the documentation given to plan members indicates the name and contact details of a contact person. Those details can also be obtained from the employer our by using the Régie's online consultation service for supervised pension plans.
How can someone become a pension committee member?
Any person who wants to be a committee member, whether or not he or she is a plan member, can express an interest in becoming a member to the persons who have the power to designate committee members (for example, the employer or the union). An interested person can also run as a candidate for election by the plan members and beneficiaries at the plan's annual meeting.
To find out more...
See the Régie's section for plan administrators.
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|Vapour Alarm System & Combustible Gas Alarm Calibration
Vapour Alarm System (VAS) and Combustible Gas Alarm are critical safety components on ship, designed to detect and alert the crew about the presence of hazardous vapors and gases in various areas of the vessel. Regular calibration and certification of these systems are vital to ensure their accuracy and reliability in protecting the ship and its crew from potential gas-related hazard.
Vapour Alarm System Calibration
Vapour Alarm System (VAS) or Vapour Emission Control System (VECS) on ships is used to monitor the concentration of harmful vapors in cargo areas, pump room, and other enclosed spaces. Calibration of the vapor alarm system involves checking the accuracy of the sensor that detect the targeted vapors, such as hydrocarbons or noxious fumes.
During calibration, the sensor are exposed to calibration gases with known concentration of the target vapors. The reading from the sensor are then compared to the known gas concentration, and any discrepancies are corrected through adjustment or repair to ensure the system's accuracy and proper functionality.
|Vapour Alarm System Calibration Service MARINESERVICE.ID
Combustible Gas Alarm Calibration
Combustible Gas Alarm / Combustible Gas Monitor / Combustible Gas Detection is installed in specific area of the ship to continuously monitor the presence of flammable gases, such as methane or hydrogen. Calibration of the combustible gas alarm involves checking the accuracy of the sensor that detect these gases.
Similar to the vapor alarm system calibration, the sensor of the combustible gas alarm are exposed to calibration gases with known concentration of the target gases. The readings from the sensor are then compared to the known gas concentration, and any deviation are corrected through adjustment or replacement to ensure accurate gas detection.
|Combustible Gas Alarm System Calibration Service MARINESERVICE.ID
Certification of Vapour Alarm System and Combustible Gas Alarm
Once the calibration process is successfully completed, both the vapor alarm system and the combustible gas alarm are certified. The certification is typically conducted by a qualified marine surveyor or inspector. The certification includes providing documentation that verifies the accuracy and reliability of the system.
On ship, vapor alarm system and combustible gas alarm must comply with international maritime regulation, ensuring their accuracy and reliability for critical safety task on board. The certification includes information about the calibration date, next due date for recalibration, and any limitation or restriction on the use of the system.
MARINE SERVICE ID Indonesian Calibration Service
MARINE SERVICE ID has a Team of Qualified and Professional Engineers who are experienced of Vapour Alarm System and Combustible Gas Alarm Calibration and Certification Service. We also offer Repairs and Troubleshooting of Vapour Alarm System and Combustible Gas Alarm,Annual Marine Instrumentations Calibration Service,Annual Marine Automations Calibration Service and Electronics Navigation Equipments Annual Maintenance Service at Indonesia Ports
H2S Hydrogen Sulfide Gas Detector Calibration Service
Overfill Alarm System Calibration Service
Gas Analyzer Calibration Service
CO2 Carbon Monoxide Gas Detector Calibration Service
High Level Alarm / HLA Calibration Service
High High Level Alarm / HHLA Calibration Service
VAS / Vapour Alarm System Calibration Service
Pressure Calibrator Calibration Service
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Smoke Detectors Calibration Service
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Watch Video Documentation of our work about : Vapour Alarm System & Combustible Gas Calibration


text:
Coefficient-modulated first-order allpass filter as distortion effect
A novel approach to implement the distortion effect is introduced. The proposed approach is based on time-varying phase distortion of the input signal, and it is implemented using a coefficient modulated first-order allpass filter. This new technique provides control over the distorted band with a proper choice of the modulating signal. By choosing a modulating signal that applies the phase distortion only for low frequencies, the aliasing often generated by conventional distortion effects, which modify the signal amplitude, can be greatly reduced. Modulation signals that produce distortion effects applicable for electric guitar playing are also discussed. Sound examples on the use of the filter can be found at _URL_ Papers/dafx08/.


text:
High Tunnels & Hoop Houses
Hoop houses and high tunnels provide ideal growing conditions – not only for plants, but for weeds, too! Once they blow in through open doors or piggy-back on plants or equipment, they can thrive. They'll compete with your crops for nutrients, moisture and space.
If you're looking for an eco-friendly solution, rule out black plastic and chemical herbicides. And manual weeding is both expensive and time-consuming.
The answer: WeedGuardPlus. Our biodegradable paper weedblock is effective, affordable, and especially well-suited to high tunnel and hoop house growing.
Overhead Watering. Unlike black plastic, which requires drip irrigation, porous WeedGuardPlus allows for overhead watering. It's specifically formulated to maintain its integrity even when wet.
Healthy Root Development. Its porous nature also allows for healthy root development, unlike black plastic that can "cook" roots, especially with the elevated temperatures of controlled growing environments.
100% Biodegradable. WeedGuardPlus slowly decomposes over the course of the growing season. After you harvest, it can be incorporated right into the soil, adding beneficial organic matter. What's more, you save on the costs of removing and disposing of black plastic.
A Choice of Options. We offer a variety of products for different needs. Those of greatest benefit to high tunnel and hoop house production include:
- Organic Rolls For manual application, our Light Weight Organic Rolls will work well when growing under cover, and save you money at the same time. For machine application, choose our Standard Weight Creped product. Both are OMRI Listed.
- Organic Pre-Punched Rolls save time with pre-punched planting holes, available in a variety of configurations. They're also OMRI Listed.
- Fertilizer-Enriched WeedGuardPlus incorporates an All-Purpose fertilizer right into the weed block, feeding your plants while simultaneously preventing weeds.
Easy to Apply. All of our products are easy to apply manually, and our creped products are ideal for machine application. Follow the simple instructions, and watch your crops thrive, free of competition from weeds!


'<expression>' cannot be used as a type constraint
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'<expression>' cannot be used as a type constraint

A constraint list includes an expression that does not represent a valid constraint on a type parameter.
A constraint list imposes requirements on the type argument passed to the type parameter. You can specify the following requirements in any combination:
 - The type argument must implement one or more interfaces
 - The type argument must inherit from at most one class
 - The type argument must expose a parameterless constructor that the creating code can access (include the New constraint)
If you do not include any specific class or interface in the constraint list, you can impose a more general requirement by specifying one of the following:
 - The type argument must be a value type (include the Structure constraint)
 - The type argument must be a reference type (include the Class constraint)
You cannot specify both Structure and Class for the same type parameter, and you cannot specify either one more than once.
Error ID: BC32061
To correct this error
 - Verify that the expression and its elements are spelled correctly.
 - If the expression does not qualify for the preceding list of requirements, remove it from the constraint list.
 - If the expression refers to an interface or class, verify that the compiler has access to that interface or class. You might need to qualify its name, and you might need to add a reference to your project. For more information, see "References to Projects" in References to Declared Elements (Visual Basic).
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© 2015 Microsoft


text:
Ogden's Pondweed is an annual, fully submerged aquatic plant species that has very thin, branch-like stems. It has very narrow leaves that are a greenish-brown in colour and are 5-7 cm long. They can occasionally produce fruit in the shape of a spike that is 5-11 mm long. This species can be very hard to distinguish between other Pondweed species and generally grows near these other species.
Habitat and Biology:
This species is considered to be rare globally. It only occurs in the United States at 2 sites in western Connecticut, 3 sites in central New York, 2 sites in central Vermont, and 2 sites in western Massachusetts. In Canada, this species is only found at 2 sites in southeastern Ontario. These sites are located south of Perth at Murphy's Point Provincial Park and Davis Lock 38 on the Rideau Canal. These sites can be found in the very southeastern part of The Land Between.
Ogden's Pondweed prefers the clear waters of lakes, ponds, and slow-moving streams. It can also commonly be found with many other Pondweed species, which makes it very hard to distinguish and identify. This species is also thought to prefer hard alkaline water, since both Ontario sites are found by marble bedrock. More research is needed to identify other possible populations, but also other habitat requirements since not much is currently known.
Ogden's Pondweed reproduces by seeds and the production of winter buds, which are called turions. Fruit can be found in the mid-summer months and turions replace them in the fall. Seeds and winter buds are dispersed by either water or waterfowl.
Conservation and recovery strategies:
Not much is known about Ogden's Pondweed so it is very important to continue vital research on the location, biology, and habitat requirements of this species. The Government of Ontario has plans to continue to locate other areas where this species may be growing- since it grows underwater with other Pondweed species it can be very hard to identify. Where known locations are, further research will be put into place to determine size, habitat, population dynamics, and threats. Habitat is automatically protected where Ogden's Pondweed is found, and there are plans in place to rehabilitate current and future habitats.
Government of Ontario. 2014. Ogden's Pondweed. Retrieved from: _URL_
COSEWIC. 2007. COSEWIC assessment and status report on the Ogden's pondweed potamogeton ogdenii in Canada. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. Ottawa. vi. + 19 pp. _URL_
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The amount of calcium (Ca) in our freshwater lakes is seeing a major reduction. This is due to the lack of calcium in our forest floor from acid rain and …Read More
The State of Ontario's Biodiversity 2020: Summary is an information-rich review of the most recent biodiversity research in Ontario. The summary addresses areas in which we have succeeded in improving …Read More
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text:
George Eastman is best known as the inventor of photographic film and founder of Eastman Kodak Co, but his century-old legacy of entrepreneurship now rides on the lesser-known Eastman Chemical Co.
That was hardly the case in 1994, when Eastman Kodak spun off its chemicals business to help pay down debt. At that time, Kodak was still a colossus in photography whereas Eastman Chemical was a small player very much in its parent's shadow.
But because of a sea change in digital technology and different approaches to business, Eastman Chemical's stock market value has since increased 71 percent to $5.5 billion today, while Kodak's has plummeted 99 percent to about $185 million.
Interviews with former executives, retirees and analysts describe two companies that were polar opposites in many ways, despite their shared heritage: where Eastman Chemical was swift to move into new markets, Kodak rested on its laurels for too long; where Chemical had a management team obsessed with the bottom line, Kodak retained cushy employee benefits even when the advent of digital cameras caused film demand to crater.
Speculation flared in September that Kodak was on the verge of bankruptcy, after the Rochester, New York-based company hired restructuring experts. Last month, Kodak warned that unless it could raise $500 million in new debt or sell some patents in its portfolio, it might not survive 2012.
"George Eastman's legacy will be Eastman Chemical and not Eastman Kodak," said Willy Shih, a Harvard Business School professor who ran Kodak's digital imaging business from 1997 until 2005. "I am absolutely convinced of that."
George Eastman, a high-school dropout from rural New York, founded Eastman Kodak Co in the late 1880s and built it into the world's biggest photographic film supplier and camera maker. He patented roll film when he was 30 and quickly became a wealthy man. In 1919, he gifted one-third of his Kodak stock -- worth roughly $10 million at the time -- to employees.
Eastman established a chemicals subsidiary in 1920 to supply acetic acid and other photographic chemicals to Kodak, a business that grew strongly in the next 50 years, gaining many customers beyond its sibling.
After Eastman Chemical was spun off, it continued to expand and innovate by staking out new niche chemical markets, such as fibers for cigarette filters and plastic free of bisphenol A, a potential carcinogen.
Kodak, on the other hand, invented the digital camera in 1975 when one of its engineers developed a prototype that was as big as a toaster and captured black and white images.
But it failed to capitalize on that innovation, and it was only when Kodak's film business began to decline a decade ago that it tried to catch up with rivals by launching mass-market digital cameras with the Easyshare line.
"We had something that was so good, but now it's deteriorated to the current state of affairs," said Bob Shanebrook, a former Kodak executive who ran the professional film business and retired in 2003. "We thought $40 per share was a ridiculously low stock price, but now it's below a dollar."
Kodak's five-year credit default swaps were quoted at distressed levels earlier this month, reflecting a 92 percent chance of default on its debt in the next five years.
The city of Rochester itself seems resigned to Kodak's fate. At one point, the company employed more than 60,000 people in the area -- now, that number is closer to 7,000.
A PATERNAL HISTORY
To be sure, Eastman Chemical has been fortunate to be in an industry that has changed little compared to the technology sector, which has forced other American icons including International Business Machines Corp and Corning Inc to reinvent themselves. The type of chemical products may change, but the science of producing them does not.
Nonetheless, people familiar with both companies give Eastman Chemical credit for a corporate culture change that has helped it eschew the Kodak legacy.
In March 2009, for example, Eastman Chemical asked all employees from the CEO down to take a 5 percent pay cut to prevent widespread layoffs. The tactic worked, layoffs were averted, and the prior pay levels were restored later that year.
"We needed to understand that we were not a family; we were a team," Brian Ferguson, who joined Eastman Chemical in 1977 and was chief executive from 2002 through 2009, said in an email. "We had difficulties dealing with these issues due to the paternal history of Kodak, which implied employment for life, benefits forever unchanging and general conflict avoidance."
Kodak, in contrast, was much more generous with its employee benefits. Even after the decline in its business forced massive layoffs -- it has 18,800 global workers today, down from 86,000 in 1998 -- the company offered lucrative severance packages.
"They could have just said, 'Thanks for coming, goodbye,'" said Shanebrook, the former Kodak executive. "Instead, they gave people at all levels separation packages based on how long they worked. They continue to provide medical coverage for retirees."
Kodak's U.S. pension plans, which cover 65,000 people, were underfunded by nearly $200 million at the end of 2010. The funds slipped into the red after a surplus of more than $2 billion as recently as 2008, according to filings with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.
When asked for comment, Kodak spokesman Gerard Meuchner said in an-email that the company has cut its post-employment benefits by two-thirds since 2005 and lowered its severance benefits from two weeks per year of service to 1.5 weeks.
The differences in Kodak and Eastman Chemical's cultures are reflected in the management styles of their leaders. Eastman Chemical Chief Executive Jim Rogers, a former naval aviator and corporate treasurer, has a reputation for being pragmatic and low-key. Kodak CEO Antonio Perez is known for his charisma, but some of his spending decisions have raised eyebrows.
Perez's liberal use of corporate jets has become a popular topic among Kodak pensioners on Internet message boards. Perez, who is on the President's Council on Jobs and Competitiveness, flew with his wife in 2006 on a Kodak plane to a Super Bowl football game viewing party at the White House.
The plane was later destroyed when a hangar near Dulles International Airport collapsed after a snowstorm. Perez decided to lease another one.
In 2010, he racked up a $309,407 bill using Kodak's jet for personal travel, according to regulatory filings. Starting in 2011, the company said Perez would have to pay out of pocket if his personal travel bill eclipsed $100,000.
Rogers, by contrast, used Eastman Chemical's jet infrequently in 2010 for personal travel. The cost was so small -- less than $10,000 -- that Eastman Chemical said in filings it would not bother to report it.
Among the handful of Wall Street analysts who still follow Kodak, three advise selling the stock. By contrast, at least seven Wall Street analysts say the shares of Eastman Chemical are a good buy. StarMine, a Thomson Reuters data service that aggregates leading analysts' expectations, believes the stock's true value is nearly double current levels.
Earnest Deavenport, who was chief executive of Eastman Chemical when it first became independent, said the company would not have flourished if it had remained part of Kodak.
"The cash needs of the chemical group and the rest of Kodak were out of phase with each other," Davenport said. "Kodak did not see the global expansion of the chemical group's manufacturing base as strategic to the parent company."
As an independent company, Eastman Chemical had to learn to compete with Dow Chemical, BASF and other global chemical giants. It never grew complacent the way Kodak did with its near-monopoly of the photographic sector.
Kodak has been hamstrung by Asian competitors that have experience making cheaper electronics. In 2010, Kodak held about 7 percent of the digital camera market, in seventh place behind Canon, Sony Corp, Nikon and others, according to research firm IDC. Its position has slipped since 2007, when it was No. 4 in U.S. digital camera sales with a 9.6 percent share.
Kodak's spending on research and development fell 10 percent last year to $321 million. Eastman Chemical spent $152 million on research in 2010, up 23 percent from the previous year.
If Perez cannot find a way to revitalize Kodak, Rogers could soon find himself the only CEO of a company with "Eastman" in its name.
In 1932, sick and frail from a spinal disorder, George Eastman took his own life with a bullet to the heart, feeling that his legacy had been cemented by both the film and chemical businesses. He left a note, unaware that Kodak would one day fall on hard times.
"To my friends," Eastman wrote. "My work is done. Why wait?"


Knowing What Publicists Do:
What is a Publicist?
 - DATE PUBLISHED : March 3, 2020
Authors often wonder what publicists do. Most often than not, they assume that publicists and publishers are just the same. Publicists and publishers are two very different entities.
By delineating the focus of these two entities, their differences become clear. A section of this article provides that information for authors to know what these differences are. To know more about publicists and what publicists do, keep reading.
What is a Publicist?
Authors confuse book publicists with book publishers. There's a huge difference, although both belong in the literary industry. Between these two lies a border that differentiates both entities.
A publicist is a professional whose expertise lies in the field of marketing. While it is a publisher's duty to edit and develop a book's design, a publicist develops marketing schemes. They are a team of marketers who research on various market segments and niches to help authors. More on publicists' tasks later.
The main task of publishers is the development of an author's books. They make sure that the book's design and strong command of language compel readers to purchase the book. Although publishers help authors sell their books, successful and efficient book publicity is out of their scope.
Investing in the services of these two entities increases the chance for authors to earn recognition on a global scale. Although there are authors who discourage themselves from investing in book marketing, the majority believe in the power of marketing. But, what exactly are the tasks of publicists? And, why is it necessary to invest in marketing plans?
What Publicists Do
Attaining market visibility is a challenge that often times disheartens authors. Due to the slow pace of their book, they quickly give up on their book's potential. Oblivious to book marketers or book publicists, their hard work and passion dive into the bin of wasted dreams.
Publicists are the professionals responsible for maximizing the exposure of a book to a segmented market. From thorough analysis of a book, they develop marketing tactics. Needless to say, transforming prospective readers into buyers requires less effort. The commitment to help authors by means of publicizing a book efficiently guarantees authors a maximized exposure. Having that stated, a marketed book becomes accessible to the un-curated target readers.
If authors desire to unlock the potential of their book, they need to know the functions of these two entities. Confusing one with the other makes it difficult for authors to reach his target readers. An investment in these literary businesses guarantees a greater chance of affecting the readers' lives. Should authors dream to impart life-changing messages, the two literary entities' services come in handy.
© Copyright _PHONE_ Truman Publishing CompanyAll Rights Reserved


next up previous
Next: Signatures of sets Up: Open problems with signatures Previous: Signature of a derivative
Definite integrals
The notion of limiting sum cannot be expressed as a signature. There is no notion of approximation with signatures, arbitrarily close rational numbers can have arbitrarily different signatures. Consequently, under our present knowledge of signatures, it does not appear possible to compute signatures of definite integrals, definite sums, limits and similar operations. Additionally, integrals or summations with infinite limits are completely outside the reach of signatures for an even stronger reason.
Gaston Gonnet


text:
The outdated way of cutting wrapping paper has never worked, because the slice is either jagged, ripped, or crooked. This is frustrating. Now use our Wrapping Paper Cutter, to open a safe and easy way for cutting wrapping paper.
Here is how it works step by step.
1. Slide Wrapping Paper Cutter over the wrapping paper. Remember the device is flexible so it can be used on any size roll of paper.
2. Pull a sheet of paper through the larger slot in the device.
3. Once the sheet of paper is the desired length, slide Wrapping Paper Cutter to the end of the roll allowing the paper to drop into the slot where the blade is embedded.
4. Now gently push Wrapping Paper Cutter forward to cleanly cut the paper.
5. Once the slice is complete, simply bring Wrapping Paper Cutter back to the center of the wrapping paper. It doubles as an organizer! Your paper will not roll away or become unorganized.
Features: Made easy and fun. It is flexible so it can be used on any size roll of paper. Its blade angle is perfect, it's safety features, and simplicity. It is a effective tools for cutting wrapping paper and save your time.
Specifications: Color: Green / White / Black. Material: Plastic. Packing Includes: 1 x Wrapping Paper Cutter
Please Note: 1. Please allow 1-3cm error due to manual measurement. 2. Please understand that colors may exist chromatic


Home Fishing Tips & Advice What is the New Jersey State Fish?
What is the New Jersey State Fish?
The official New Jersey State fish is the brook trout as stated by the Assembly Bill 2608 signed by Governor James J. Florio on the 8th January 1992 at the Hopatcong Middle School in Hopatcong, New Jersey. 19 of the American states identify varying species of freshwater trout to be their official state symbols.
Brook Trout, the New Jersey State Fish
The brook trout or speckled trout is a distinctively colored fish that features yellow dots over its olive-colored back. The dots on its back span its length and are undulating in shape. On its side, the colors transition between olive and orange-red, with red dots surrounded by blue running toward its belly. The fish has orange-red lower fins that feature white and black streaks. Its belly is a milky white color. These fish usually reach between nine and ten inches in size.
Brook trout or Salvelinus fontinals have a range of nicknames including "speckled trout," "speckles," "brookies," and "brook trout." This species of trout live in pure, cool freshwater areas and cannot live in polluted regions. Brook trout choose to feed on aquatic insects or nymphs that are present beneath rocks or the water bed. However, they will tend to eat whatever is available and have been known to eat land insects as they fall into the water as well as other fish such as crayfish, minnows, and other small species of fish.
They can be found all over Canada and the northeastern areas of the United States. They can be found in southern regions as far as the Appalachian Mountains in North Carolina and as far west as parts of Minnesota. They are usually found in pure mountain rivers and streams such as the Chesapeake Bay region and are often active in the periods of dusk and dawn. During the day, they will usually lie in deeper waters.
The brook trout is part of the char genus Salvelinus species of the salmon or Salmonidae family. It is naturally found in Eastern parts of North America in the United States as well as Canada. It has also been introduced in other areas of North America as well as in areas in Europe, Iceland, and Asia. In these areas, it is also sometimes known as the "speckled trout," "eastern brook trout," "brook charr," "mud trout," or "squaretail."
Brook Trout History
This species was first recognized scientifically by Samuel Lathal Mitchill, a naturalist, in 1914. The name "fontanalis" derives from the Latin word meaning " of a spring or fountain" which references the pure, cold rivers and streams that the brook trout call home. The brook trout was later defined as part of the char genus Salvelinus species. While it is largely known as a trout, the brook trout is part of the char family alongside the lake trout, Dolly Varden, Arctic char, and the bull trout.
Brook Trout Appearance
The brook trout is dark green or brown and has a distinct marble pattern known as vermiculation of lighter colors which spread across its back and extend to its dorsal fin or tail. It also features a distinct sprinkle of red dots that are surrounded by blue along its flank. The belly and lower fins of the brook trout are red in color. Usually, the male brook trout's belly appears orange or red during the spawning season.
The brook trout usually spans between nine and twenty-five inches in length. The largest brook trout to be recorded measured thirty-four inches in length and weighed over fifteen pounds.
Brook Trout Habitat
Brook trout usually live in small or large lakes, streams, creeks, rivers, and spring ponds. They survive only in clear, clean water areas that have a high level of purity and a small pH range. They are highly sensitive to pollution or poor oxygenation which can be caused by environmental phenomenons including acid rain.
These fish are opportunistic in their feeding habits and will eat whatever is available to them. Despite that, they usually prefer to feed on an adult or nymph aquatic insects they will also eat other land insects such as beetles, ants as well as other small fish where they are available.
Brook Trout Lifespan
The lifecycle begins with pre-spawning when the brook trout male looks for a female. He will attempt to lure the female toward a suitable habitat to enable spawning. When a female accepts, she will choose a location and dig. As the female digs, the male will continue his courting by darting next to her and swimming around her while driving other males away.
Once spawning has been completed, the female will cover the eggs will a layer of small stones. As soon as the eggs are covered, the female will continue upstream to dig another. Spawning will usually occur in September and October.
In the autumn, brook trout spawn, and their offspring hatch by January. At the end of their first summer, young brook trout will reach between three and four inches in size. An average brook trout will live between two and three years.
Brook Trout Conservation
Brook trout, in areas, that their populations are well established are not usually considered to be at threat. The main cause for concern regarding brook trout population changes is usually to do with droughts, floods, and other environmental changes.
Some populations of brook trout may also be under threat of over-harvesting. Some non-native brook trout are also stocked in streams and ponds and are fished more aggressively, creating a risk for some populations.
In some areas, the introduction of non-native species such as trout and salmon may compete with the brook trout for habitat and spawning areas.
To Sum Up
The New Jersey State Fish is the brook trout, a native species of northeastern United States. These fish are part of the char family and are usually found in clear and pure streams, rivers, and lakes. They are distinctively colorful fish whose colors transition between olive green and red-orange.


text:
BACKGROUND: The Mediterranean diet (MeDi) is known to prevent cardiovascular events but the mechanisms mediating this association are not fully understood.
OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to examine the association between MeDi adherence and the presence and extent of atherosclerotic plaques in carotid, femoral, and aorta territories and its relationship with risk factors in asymptomatic middle-aged adults.
METHODS: Cross-sectional analysis of the Aragon Workers' Health Study, a cohort of 2588 subjects (94.9% men aged 51.3 +/- 3.89 years) without previous cardiovascular history. Participants underwent carotid, femoral, and aorta ultrasound for the quantification of number and thickness of plaques and intima-media thickness. To estimate the participant's adherence to MeDi, we computed the Alternative MEDiterranean index (aMED).
RESULTS: The overall aMED score was 4.19 +/- 1.70, representing a moderate adherence to MeDi. aMED score was associated with the presence of plaque in femoral arteries (odds ratio highest vs lowest aMED score quartile: 0.63; 95% confidence interval: 0.48-0.83; P trend =.045) independently of risk factors and mediators. The strongest association between aMED quartiles and presence of plaque was found among smokers, both in femoral (0.39 [0.22-0.69]; P trend =.001) and in any territory (0.33 [0.14-0.79], P trend =.008). aMED was inversely associated with the number of plaques in all territories except for carotids.
CONCLUSION: MeDi adherence showed a dose-dependent protective association with the presence, number, and thickness of plaques independent of other risk factors. The association was strongest for femoral arteries and among smokers. (C) 2017 National Lipid Association. All rights reserved.
- Mediterranean diet
- INTIMA-MEDIA THICKNESS
- RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL
- SUBCLINICAL ATHEROSCLEROSIS
- CAROTID ATHEROSCLEROSIS
- PRIMARY PREVENTION


text:
How to Manipulate Files in R
Occasionally, you may want to write a script in R that will traverse a given folder and perform actions on all the data in the files or a subset of files in that folder.
To get a list of files in a specific folder, use list.files() or dir(). These two functions do exactly the same thing, but for backward-compatibility reasons, the same function has two names:
> list.files(file.path("F:", "git", "roxygen2")) "roxygen2" "roxygen2.Rcheck" "roxygen2_2.0.tar.gz" "roxygen2_2.1.tar.gz"
|Iist.files||Lists files in a directory.|
|list.dirs||Lists subdirectories of a directory.|
|file.exists||Tests whether a specific file exists in a location.|
|file.create||Creates a file.|
|file.remove||Deletes files (and directories in Unix operating systems).|
|tempfile||Returns a name for a temporary file. If you create a file — for example, with file.create() or write.table() using this returned name — R will create a file in a temporary folder.|
|tempdir||Returns the file path of a temporary folder on your file system.|
Next, you get to exercise all your knowledge about working with files. In the next example, you first create a temporary file, then save a copy of the iris data frame to this file. To test that the file is on disk, you then read the newly created file to a new variable and inspect this variable. Finally, you delete the temporary file from disk.
Start by using the tempfile() function to return a name to a character string with the name of a file in a temporary folder on your system:
> my.file <- tempfile() > my.file "C:\\Users\\Andrie\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\ RtmpGYeLTj\\file14d4366b6095"
Notice that the result is purely a character string, not a file. This file doesn't yet exist anywhere. Next, you save a copy of the data frame iris to my.file using the write.csv() function. Then use list.files() to see if R created the file:
> write.csv(iris, file=my.file) > list.files(tempdir()) "file14d4366b6095"
As you can see, R created the file. Now you can use read.csv() to import the data to a new variable called file.iris:
> file.iris <- read.csv(my.file)
Use str() to investigate the structure of file.iris. As expected file.iris is a data.frame of 150 observations and six variables. Six variables, you say? Yes, six, although the original iris only has five columns.
What happened here was that the default value of the argument row.names of read.csv() is row.names=TRUE. (You can confirm this by taking a close look at the Help for?read.csv().) So, R saved the original row names of iris to a new column called X:
> str(file.iris) 'data.frame': 150 obs. of 6 variables: $ X : int 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10... $ Sepal.Length: num 5.1 4.9 4.7 4.6 5 5.4 4.6 5 4.4 4.9... $ Sepal.Width : num 3.5 3 3.2 3.1 3.6 3.9 3.4 3.4 2.9 3.1... $ Petal.Length: num 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.5 1.4 1.7 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.5... $ Petal.Width : num 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1... $ Species : Factor w/ 3 levels "setosa","versicolor",..: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1...
To leave your file system in its original order, you can use file.remove() to delete the temporary file:
> file.remove(my.file) > list.files(tempdir()) character(0)
As you can see, the result of list.files() is an empty character string, because the file no longer exists in that folder.


text:
Description of the habitat
Lowland hay meadows are very blossomy and species-rich, meadow communities on dry to wet-dry, mostly fresh sites. Characteristically, they have a multitude of blooming herbs and numerous low, middle and high grasses, making these meadows look diverse and colourful. Corresponding to the local conditions and the cultivating methods, there is an abundance of forms of the habitat. The numerous low-nutrient indicators are characteristic for lowland hay meadows. Additionally, one often finds endangered plant species.
Situation and endangerment of the habitat in the project area
Lowland hay meadows occur nationwide on nutrient-low sites which are used respectively. The main transmission area is in the southwest of Luxembourg. The main impairment lies within the intensifying agriculture. Fertilisation, early and abundant cuts, high livestock density and drainage lead to the loss of the habitat. Another problem is caused by the loss of surface area through construction.
Provisions within the project
Purchase of 30 ha. Extensification of the use and, if needed, renaturation of the meadows and resettlement of highly endangered plant species.


Toga Himiko's name meaning in Japanese
{NEW!} Kanji Name Translation Service
Toga Himiko's name meaning in Japanese
Toga Himiko written in kanjiMy Hero Academia
Kanji and meanings of Toga's name
A dark heroine, Toga Himiko! Her name was written in katakana first, but later how to write it in kanji letters was revealed.
It seems they show both her quirk and dreadful background. What's hidden in her name? Let's see it together!
Toga written in kanji
The first letter means to pass something or to get across. The second one means myself.
The whole word TOGA can be interpreted "pass myself (to someone)". Toga Himiko says that she wants to become completely the same as someone she loves. In a way, she throws herself away to be her beloved one. "Passing herself" name may express this twisted way of her loving someone.
The family name Toga exists in reality, but it doesn't use the same kanji as her name.
For your information, the sound TOGA can mean a sin in Japanese. It may imply the fact that she's a criminal and in a dark side.
Himiko written in kanji
The first kanji HI means "to suffer" or "to wear or pull something over one's head". This character contains negative nuance and we usually don't use it for a person's name.
The second one MI means body or oneself.
And the third one KO means a kid and it's a suffix letter for girl names.
If we understand them literally, it means "wear oneself". I think it seems there are two meanings in it.
One is simply her quirk, Transform. To wear someone's body.
The other is related to her past. She has suppressed her real emotion and herself and been wearing a mask of a normal person until the murder case she committed when she was in junior high. In this case, her name can be interpreted as "wear myself".
The first name HIMIKO is an ancient queen's name of Japan. It's said she was the first king in Japan. Details about her are still wrapped in a mystery, but we all learn about her name in our history class.
Himiko was a shaman and therefore she frequently appears as a mystic character with some mysterious powers in manga and anime.
Since HI letter in her name uses kanji with bad meaning, we don't name a person Himiko. It only shows up in creative works.
Get Toga Himiko's cute Nendoroid!
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See more pictures and check the price!
Why don't you PIN it?
what does toga himiko mean in japanese? an amazing secret behind her name...
Your comment encourages me!


text:
Simple C++ program for age calculation
NB:Excuse me experts,,this is only for beginners.........
1.Copy the code
2.paste it in a text file
3.save the text file as agecalc.cpp and select file type all with in the text file.
4.paste this file inside your bin folder where the Turbo C resides.
5.Open turbo C and do File->Open->Agecalc.cpp
6.press F2 to save and F9 to compile.
7.press ctrl+F9 to run the program
8.once you have compiled the program search for agecal.exe in your bin folder


text:
Feminist Geography in Practice: Research and Methods
Editor: Pamela Moss
Chapter, Toward a More Fully Reflexive Feminist Geography, authored by Karen Falconer Al-Hindi, UNO faculty member.
This is the first feminist geography text devoted to methodology and provides a basic framework for students wishing to undertake gendered work in the discipline. Accessible yet intellectually challenging, it encourages readers to take on, think about, and do feminist research in geography and offers practical suggestions for going about it.
The text comprises original contributions from feminist geographers around the world who address all aspects of the research process from choosing a topic and designing a project, through to conducting interviews, doing cross-cultural ethnographic research and analysing data. The varied backgrounds of the contributors illustrate the powerful impact feminist geographers are having on research, both in geography and in feminism. The book also features substantial pedagogical material, developed with students in the classroom, and including discussion questions, group project initiatives, research project topics, and suggestions for practical research activities.
Geography and Geology
Moss, Pamela; Al-Hindi, Karen Falconer; and Kawabata, Hope, "Feminist Geography in Practice: Research and Methods" (2002). Faculty Books and Monographs. 315.


Evaluating Pain in a Non-Verbal Patient
Last Modified: June 10, 2008
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Dear OncoLink "Ask The Experts,"
Is there a scale that can be used to evaluate pain in a patient who is nonverbal or unresponsive and cannot use the traditional number or face scales?
If a patient is nonresponsive, we generally assume that he or she is not responding to pain. As for nonverbal patients, we use a rating of nonverbal indicators and assess if these indicators are present at rest and/or with movement (see below). One point is given for each "yes" response, resulting in a score on a 0-12 scale.
 At Rest With Movement
1. Vocal complaints: Non-verbal
(Expression of pain, not in words, moans, groans, grunts, cries, gasps, sighs)
2. Facial Grimaces/Winces
(Furrowed brow, narrowed eyes, tightened lips, jaw drop, clenched teeth, distorted expressions)
3. Bracing
(Clutching or holding onto side rails, bed, tray table, or affected areas during movement)
4. Restlessness
(Constant or intermittent shifting of position, rocking, intermittent or constant hand motions, inability to keep still)
5. Rubbing
(Massaging the affected area)
6. Vocal complaints: Verbal
(Words expressing discomfort or pain, "ouch", "that hurts", cursing during movement, or exclamations of protest: "stop", "that's enough")
TOTAL SCORE = (0-12)
In ICU patients, the RASS scale is used, which evaluates agitation and sedation.
A good reference is:
Herr, K et al. (2006) Pain Assessment in the Nonverbal Patient: Position Statement with Clinical Practice Recommendations. Pain Management Nursing, Vol 7, No 2 (June): pp 44-52.
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Lynda ? SOLIDWORKS: File References
Routing: Electrical Note 1: 'Saving the Harness' steps in the tutorial didn't make sense in SW 2014 student edition. See problem/solution Q: How do I save a harness... Note 2: From 'Importing From-To Information' part of the tutorial on, the steps didn't work or make sense in SW 2014 student edition. It was impossible to place components from the from-to list. They just hung in random 3D space. (box with harness, electrical routing, model cables or harnesses, electrical routing tools, add routing, set routing options, manually create a route, electrical routing design library, specify wires and pins, split route, import route, create drawing from route, tools>options>routing, automatically route on drops of clips, Solidworks routing, start up column, edit route, insert plug connectors, inserting connectors, route properties propertymanager, route harness, 3D sketch mode, auto route propertymanager, routing library, save route assembly externally, rotate view, plug-5pindin.sldprt, access the design library, routing library troubleshooting, options>routing file locations, create route using auto route, cpoint, connection points, auto route, current selection, specifying wires and pins, edit wires, add wire, 20g blue wire, select path, edit wires propertymanager, from-to parameters, exit sketch, about specifying wires, different wire configurations, add multiple wires, insert clips, route through clip, connector, insert components propertymanager, routing from split point, add relations, tangent, specify new cable wires, saving the harness (see notes 1 and 2 above), save harness and references to new assembly, referenced virtual subassembly, references, harness references, browse, save as with references dialogue box, import from-to information, from-to lists, electrical designers, connector part numbers, wire specifications, about the routing library, collection of prespecified routing components, clips, plugs, default routing library settings, start by from-to, electrical routing toolbar, from-to list file, start a new assembly, inserting components, insert component propertymanager, about from-to lists, XML tables, Excel spreadsheets, insert route connectors, connecting the route, route guidelines, guidelines, merge guidelines to form routes, save sketch, flattening the harness, virtual component, flatten route, same as assembly, rebuild, drawing options, BOM, cut list, connector tables, balloons, flatten route propertymanager, flatten type, annotation, flatten options, display 3D connectors, electrical BOM, length field, flattened configuration)
Lynda – SOLIDWORKS: File References
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MySQL Internals Manual / Tracing the Optimizer / Tuning Trace Purging
8.6 Tuning Trace Purging
This is done with
 SET optimizer_trace_offset=<OFFSET>, optimizer_trace_limit=<LIMIT>
where OFFSET is a signed integer, and LIMIT is a positive integer. The default for optimizer_trace_offset is -1; the default for optimizer_trace_limit is 1. The SET statement has the following effects:
 - All remembered traces are cleared
 - A later SELECT on the OPTIMIZER_TRACE table returns the first LIMIT traces of the OFFSET oldest remembered traces (if OFFSET ≥ 0), or the first LIMIT
traces of the (-OFFSET) newest remembered traces (if OFFSET < 0).
For example, a combination of OFFSET=-1 and LIMIT=1 will make the last trace be shown (as is default), OFFSET=-2 and LIMIT=1 will make the next-to-last be shown, OFFSET=-5 and LIMIT=5 will make the last five traces be shown. Such negative OFFSET can be useful when one knows that the interesting substatements are the few last ones of a stored routine, like this:
SET optimizer_trace_offset=-5, optimizer_trace_limit=5;
CALL stored_routine(); # more than 5 substatements in this routine
SELECT * FROM information_schema.OPTIMIZER_TRACE; # see only last 5 traces
On the opposite, a positive OFFSET can be useful when one knows that the interesting substatements are the few first ones of a stored routine.
The more accurately those two variables are adjusted, the less memory is used. For example, OFFSET=0 and LIMIT=5 will use memory to remember 5 traces, so if only the three first are needed, OFFSET=0 and LIMIT=3 is better (tracing stops after LIMIT traces, so the 4th and 5th trace are not created and take up no memory). A stored routine may have a loop which executes many substatements and thus generates many traces, which would use a lot of memory; proper OFFSET and LIMIT can restrict tracing to one iteration of the loop for example. This also gains speed, as tracing a substatement impacts performance.
If OFFSET≥0, only LIMIT traces are kept in memory. If OFFSET<0, that is not true: instead, (-OFFSET) traces are kept in memory; indeed even if LIMIT is smaller than (-OFFSET), so excludes the last statement, the last statement must still be traced because it will be inside LIMIT after executing one more statement (remember than OFFSET<0 is counted from the end: the "window" slides as more statements execute).
Such memory and speed gains are the reason why optimizer_trace_offset and optimizer_trace_limit, which are restrictions at the trace producer level, are offered. They are better than using
 SELECT * FROM OPTIMIZER_TRACE LIMIT <LIMIT> OFFSET <OFFSET>;
which is a restriction on the trace consumer level and saves almost nothing.