A Soft Processor Overlay with Tightly-coupled FPGA Accelerator
06/21/2016 ∙ by Ho-Cheung Ng, et al. ∙ 0
FPGA overlays are commonly implemented as coarse-grained reconfigurable architectures with a goal to improve designers' productivity through balancing flexibility and ease of configuration of the underlying fabric. To truly facilitate full application acceleration, it is often necessary to also include a highly efficient processor that integrates and collaborates with the accelerators while maintaining the benefits of being implemented within the same overlay framework. This paper presents an open-source soft processor that is designed to tightly-couple with FPGA accelerators as part of an overlay framework. RISC-V is chosen as the instruction set for its openness and portability, and the soft processor is designed as a 4-stage pipeline to balance resource consumption and performance when implemented on FPGAs. The processor is generically implemented so as to promote design portability and compatibility across different FPGA platforms. Experimental results show that integrated software-hardware applications using the proposed tightly-coupled architecture achieve comparable performance as hardware-only accelerators while the proposed architecture provides additional run-time flexibility. The processor has been synthesized to both low-end and high-performance FPGA families from different vendors, achieving the highest frequency of 268.67MHz and resource consumption comparable to existing RISC-V designs.
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This week in AI


Skip to definition.
Verb: whiz (whizzed,whizzing) wiz
 1. Make a soft swishing sound
 "the motor whizzed";
 - whizz, whirr, whir, birr, purr
Noun: whiz wiz
 1. Someone who is dazzlingly skilled in any field
 - ace, adept, champion, sensation, maven, mavin, virtuoso, genius, hotshot, star, superstar, whizz, wizard, wiz, megastar
 2. A buzzing or hissing sound as of something travelling rapidly through the air
 "he heard the whiz of bullets near his head"
Derived forms: whizzing, whizes
Type of: expert, go, sound
Encyclopedia: Whiz


text:
Researchers transformed a leaf skeleton into iron carbide
Nature's fine structures are also suitable for technical applications because they exist in a numerous variety of forms, they usually display high mechanical stability and, due to their large surfaces, they provide suitable templates for catalysts and electrodes. Researchers from the Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces in Potsdam have succeeded in converting the filigree skeleton of a leaf into iron carbide by using a very simple method.
Materials scientists are interested in metal carbides because they are magnetic, conduct electricity and can withstand both high temperatures and mechanical stress. However, due to the stability of the material, researchers weren't able to shape it into a specific form. The Potsdam-based chemists have solved this problem by dipping the leaf skeleton of leaves from a rubber tree into an iron acetate solution. They then air-dried the soaked skeleton at 40 degrees Celsius before treating it with nitrogen gas and heating it to 700 degrees Celsius.
"The structure was conserved down to the last detail", said Zoe Schnepp, who carried out the experiment. "The skeleton provides both the basis for the form and the carbon for the reaction. As a result, we can convert the organic substance in just one step. This is what distinguishes our method from other techniques which also use biological forms as templates for inorganic structures."
When heated, the iron acetate in the leaf skeleton is converted into iron oxide, which is then reduced by the carbon in the leaf skeleton to iron carbide. Researchers have been producing metal oxides on the basis of natural materials like leaves for some time now.
"One team has already succeeded in generating silicon carbide from pre-treated natural materials", said Schnepp. "We've now developed this process even further."
To test whether the leaf was fully converted into iron carbide, the researchers hung it in an electrolytic cell as an anode. Oxygen from the cell bubbled at the leaf and hydrogen bubbles rose at the cathode. "The experiment confirms that most of the leaf was converted into iron carbide. Apart from that, it only contains a bit of carbon," says Zoe Schnepp. The researchers also used a permanent magnet to demonstrate that the leaf had acquired the magnetic characteristics of the iron carbide.
The new method should function with all natural carbonaceous materials. "We would now like to test it on other materials", said Schnepp. "What is important about this study is that it shows how we can exploit nature's formal variety to produce wafer-thin metal carbide structures in one simple step."
You can find more information in the paper they published: "Biotemplating of Metal Carbide Microstructures: The Magnetic Leaf".

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Property, Plant and Equipment (PPE) are the fixed assets of the companyFixed assets are also known as non-current assets.
Property, plant, and equipment includes assets that will - in the normal course of business - neither be used up in the next year nor will become a part of any product sold to customers.
Some of the most common parts of property, plant, and equipment are:
Buildings (and leasehold improvements)
Companies with lots of property, plant, and equipment often have special categories. For example, railroad property includes:
There is often a note in the financial statements - found in a companys 10-K - that will explain the different categories of property a company owns.
The market value of property, plant, and equipment can differ tremendously from the book value of property, plant, and equipment.
For example, when Berkshire Hathaway liquidated its textile mills, it had to pay the buyers of the companys manufacturing equipment to haul the equipment away. That property, plant, and equipment was literally worth less than zero. On the other hand, some companies own thousands of acres of land.
All property, plant, and equipment other than land is depreciated. Land is never depreciated. However, land is not marked up to market value either. Under Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), land is shown on the balance sheet at cost.
The property, plant, and equipment line shown on the balance sheet is usually net property, plant, and equipment. This means it is the cost of the property, plant, and equipment less accumulated depreciation.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Ablikim, M (reprint author), Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China.
The decay J/psi ->(N) over barN pi provides an effective isospin 1/2 filter for the pi N system due to isospin conservation. Using 58x10(6) J/psi decays collected with the Beijing Electromagnetic Spectrometer at the Beijing Electron Positron Collider, more than 100 thousand J/psi -> p pi(-)<<(n)over bar>+c.c. events are obtained. Besides the two well-known N-* peaks at around 1500 MeV/c(2) and 1670 MeV/c(2), there are two new, clear N-* peaks in the p pi invariant mass spectrum around 1360 MeV/c(2) and 2030 MeV/c(2) with statistical significance of 11 sigma and 13 sigma, respectively. We identify these as the first direct observation of the N-*(1440) peak and a long-sought missing N-* peak above 2 GeV/c(2) in the pi N invariant mass spectrum.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


Healthy Nose
How are nasal masses in children diagnosed?
A Answers (1)
 - Your doctor will obtain a complete medical history and will perform a thorough physical examination. Tests may be ordered, including imaging studies, lab tests and detailed physical examinations. These may include:
 -Endoscopy to examine the inside of your child's nose and throat. This is performed by inserting a small, flexible or rigid tube inside your child's nose. This can often be carried out in the clinic and is a minor procedure.
 -CT scan or MRI, to determine the size and extent of the nasal tumor
 -Blood tests, when necessary
 -Biopsy of the mass (a piece of tissue is removed from the mass and is evaluated by a pathologist)
Did You See? Close
What are the symptoms of nasal masses in children?


text:
Other Workshops AU
Possible Themes – Workshop on Demand or Location and Dates to be Announced
The 3rd Life Age – Gifts and Challenges
Exploring Biographical, Social, and Spiritual Implications of Growing Older
Quite often the aging of our population is seen as a burden. But what are the gifts?
What is the meaning of reaching an average of 84 years in first world countries?
Over the last ten years I have been with friends in re-tirement age. I also accompanied my parents, who had their 60th wedding anniversary in February 2015, on their journey of letting go of our family house and mov-ing into a unit, which allows for autonomous living and different levels of care if necessary.
In her book "Freedom in the Third Life Age" the anthro-posophical medical doctor Gudrun Burkhart quotes Pe-ter Laslett, who developed the term Third Age. He states: "The leisure of the 'third age' is in no way aris-tocratic or elitist. It belongs to every individual, … To be free of compulsory labour, and the direction of other people; to live at ease while doing what you choose to do; to develop yourself; to realize yourself, …" Instead of using the term Old Age he diversifies: "After a 'first age' of youth, dependency, education and maturation, a 'second age' of maturity, earning and responsibility, there now arrives a 'third age' of personal achievement and fulfilment – the crown of individual life, … [followed] by a 'fourth age' of dependency and decrepitude."
The workshop gives the opportunity to use the partici-pant's life stories and life experience to explore the in-terconnections of the life phase from 43 to 63 with the phase from 64 to 84. Biographical mirroring techniques and creative methods will be applied to envisage the emerging future in our own biography. At the same time, we will be exploring interconnections between earlier and later life phases and the meaning of longevi-ty. In general Life Story Workshops aim to connect the workshop theme with examples from our life. Please be prepared to share parts of your life story in a small group of 3 to 5 people. Please bring CVs you have written; they are helpful as a database for you to use during the Workshop.


text: The back of this wooden chair, which belonged to the scribe Reniseneb, is handsomely veneered with ivory and embellished with incised decoration showing the owner seated on a chair of identical form. It is the earliest surviving chair with such a representation, and it is the only non-royal example known. The scene and accompanying text have funerary import and may have been added following Renyseneb's death to make the chair a more suitable funerary object. The high quality of its joinery and the harmony of its proportions testify to the skill of ancient Egyptian carpenters. The mesh seat has been restored following ancient models.


Employment Opportunity Details
Seminary Summary
Golden Gate Baptist Theological Seminary is a denominationally owned and operated religious, nonprofit, educational institution organized for the purpose of educating Christian leaders for church-related vocations. As a religious nonprofit employer, the Seminary is exempt from the religious nondiscrimination requirements of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. This means the Seminary is not obligated to employ persons of faith in opposition to Christian doctrine and belief. The Seminary endeavors to recruit and hire only applicants who have made a personal commitment to Jesus Christ.
How to Apply
You may request an employment application from the Human Resources department _PHONE_) or you may download the Employment Application.
Job Details
Title Pre-School Assistant Teacher - Substitute
Campus: Northern California
Mill Valley, CA
Department: Business Affairs
Reports To: Lead Teacher
FLSA Status: ne
Position Status: temp
Position Summary: The assistant teacher is a substitute position that works some part time hours and is on call. They are responsible for the cleanliness, safety and overall maintenance in the classroom. The assistant teacher is supervised by the lead teacher
Essential Duties and Responsibilities: Responsibility to Vision:
? Promote fundraisers
? Attend all school functions outside of regular school hours
? Promote positive relationships with co-workers, supervisors, parents and students
? Promote positive and edifying conversations with and concerning all persons related to the school
? Support mission statement of the school
? Demonstrate Christian walk and prayer
Responsibility to Finance:
? Communicate to the lead teacher any purchasing needs
Responsibility to Policy:
? Enforce classroom/ school policies stated in the parent handbook and policy manual
? Follow all policies stated in the staff handbook
? Refer parent concerns and discipline concerns to the lead teacher
Responsibility to Director:
? Provide professional and personal goals the first of every month
? Provide on Bible lesson plan per year for observation and evaluation
? Attend the Association of Christian Schools International conference each fall semester
? Good stewardship of your time
? Keep the school safe, clean and beautiful
? Direct complaints, observations or outstanding problems to the Director
Responsibility to Lead Teacher:
? Punctuality
? Preparing morning and afternoon snack
? Spraying and wiping down chairs, tables and counter tops
? Feeding and cleaning animal cages
? Cleaning restroom at assigned times
? Performing tasks for assigned jobs at appropriate times
? Maintain classroom control when lead teacher is talking with parents
? Report any injuries or student concerns
? Give parent messages to lead teacher
? Maintain classroom safety on a daily basis (covered plugs, disinfectant out of reach, no heavy objects stored over students' heads, teacher personal items stored out of reach, teacher classroom supplies stored out of reach)
? Support lead teacher in promoting the classroom environment the curricular direction of GGA
Responsibility to Parents:
? Support teacher/ parent communication
? Greet families at drop-off/ pick-up times
? Provide positive feedback
? Participate in all school events
Responsibility to Students:
? Plan and implement a Bible lesson daily
? Maintain a safe and healthy classroom environment
? Assist students in academic tasks
? Provide age appropriate discipline
? Problem solve
? Maintain stocked first aid kits and earthquake/ disaster plans
Education: Completed Bachelors Degree and at least 6 ECE credits; early childhood certification or ability to obtain certification.
Work Environment: Moderately noisy environment.
How to Apply


text:
history of the rona tranby trust
The Rona Tranby Trust was established in 1991 from a bequest in the Will of Thomas Paul Rona who died tragically with his wife Eva in a car accident in September 1987.
In his Will, Tom Rona directed thata specific bequest from his Estate be held for the benefit of Tranby Aboriginal College or the Aboriginal Legal Service according to the discretion of the Trustees of the Estate.
The Ronas were Holocaust survivors who lost many family members in Nazi concentration camps during WWII. Both were committed social justice activists, taking a keen role in raising awareness of the Holocaust within the non-Jewish community. As members of the NSW Jewish Board of Deputies they were also active in promoting inter-ethnic harmony.
The Rona family at the suggestion of Kitty Fischer, Eva's sister, approached Gridiger Lawyers for advice in fulfilling the wishes of Thomas Rona. Roland Gridiger considered a number of suggestions from the relevant communities and recommended that the Trustees of the Estate adopt the Rona Tranby Trust.
In setting up the Rona Tranby Trust, it was agreed that parallels between Aboriginal and Jewish history gave a compelling logic to link these different communities. Both peoples share important values and priorities and have suffered persecution, dispossession of lands and attempted genocide.
The Rona Tranby Trust was launched at a public ceremony at Tranby Aboriginal College on September 2nd 1991 in the presence of the Hon. Paul Zammit, NSW Minister assisting the Premier on Aboriginal and Ethnic Affairs.
The Rona Tranby Award & collection
The bequest in Tom Rona's Will enabled the Trustees of the Rona Estate to establish 'The Rona Tranby Award & Collection'. This evolved into a collaboration between Tranby Aboriginal College, Glebe and the NSW Jewish Board of Deputies and set out the projects that would fulfill the requirements of the Trust.
Rona Tranby Awards are given to support the recording and preservation of Indigenous Australian oral history. The original concept of the award was to utilise the skills that had been cultivated within the Jewish community in the recording of the oral histories of Holocaust survivors. It was thought that such expertise could be shared to assist Indigenous Australian communities record the oral histories of their Elders.


text:
Termites in Indiana
Termite Activity in Indiana
Termites are active across the state, from South Bend to Fort Wayne and Indianapolis to Evansville, Indiana.
What Types of Termites are in Indiana?
Subterranean termite:Unknown Type:
Drywood termite:Unknown Type:
Are Formosan Termites in Indiana?
Formosan termites have not been identified in Indiana. This species typically lives in very warm locations in the southern U.S.
Formosan termite:Unknown Type:
When Do Termites Swarm in Indiana?
Generally, termites swarm on a warm day after a rainfall. Swarms may occur during the winter in heated buildings. The swarming habits of the most common species in Indiana are described below.
The eastern subterranean termite swarms during the day from March to May.
The dark southeastern subterranean termite usually swarms in the daytime between March and June.
The arid-land subterranean termite swarms during daylight in the spring and fall.
More Information about Termites in Indiana
According to Termite Infestation Probability Zones (TIP Zones), Indiana is located in TIP Zone #2 (moderate to heavy), which means the potential for termite damage is considered significant. Areas with higher probabilities for activity require more termite control measures to meet International Residential Code building standards for new homes than areas with less frequent activity.
Although drywood termites are not established in Indiana, it is possible for this species to travel in wooden objects, such as furniture and wine crates, and establish colonies in the state. Drywood termites have been found in areas far from their native habitats. A licensed termite inspector can help identify species not native to the state.
In states like Indiana where termites are fairly active and widespread, it is essential to maintain an effective termite prevention and control program. If you own a home in Indiana, talk to your termite control expert about methods to help protect your home from termite infestations and damage.
Dig Deeper on Termites
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Our customer care team is available for you 24 hours a day.
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Our local Pros are the pest experts in your area.


text:
The agriculture industry now has a new tool for in-depth crop analysis: the senseFly eBee X with MicaSense RedEdge-MX.
senseFly and MicaSense have teamed up to offer the dual solution, which features the rugged professional multispectral sensor that makes it possible for farming, agricultural science, forestry and environmental protection professionals to gain multispectral crop insights more efficiently, according to a news release.
"We know from agricultural customers such as agronomists, crop consultants and researchers that deep, high-resolution crop data is key to effective analysis and decision making," senseFly CEO Gilles Labossière said. "In parallel, when assessing large field areas, or simply looking to map smaller fields or plots quickly, small, slower quadcopter drones often don't cut it. The eBee X with RedEdge-MX checks both these data and efficiency boxes, making it an ideal crop analysis solution."
The MicaSense sensor can capture red, green, blue, near-infrared, and red-edge spectral bands. Data from this sensor can be used to generate true color composites, basic crop health indexes, and advanced analytical tools such as flower identification and weed detection. The senseFly drone features an Endurance Extension option, offering a flight time of up to 75 minutes. The unmanned aircraft system (UAS) also features built-in Steep Landing technology, a robust design and live air traffic data. It accommodates a variety of camera options besides the RedEdge-MX, including the proprietary senseFly S.O.D.A. 3D, senseFly Aeria X, and senseFly Duet T.
"This seamless, integrated professional drone offering represents an obvious upgrade path for many agricultural professionals. Customers who already use MicaSense's RedEdge-MX, for example, now have a quicker, more efficient way to analyse the health of their crops, without having to compromise on data quality," MicaSense General Manager Eric Waters said, according to the release. "At the same time, existing eBee X operators can access the deeper, higher resolution insights that the RedEdge-MX brings."


text:
Is there any way to concentrate the magnetic field of magnets like a bar magnet at a point?
Permeable (ferrous/ ferromagnetic) materials can guide magnetic flux to a point, but magnetism works better with area. The only way I can think of "concentrating" magnetic flux is to create a coil of wire with electricity flowing through it. Permanent magnets have a set flux strength. They will never get stronger (by themselves), but they could lose flux strength over time and under certain conditions.
No, if you had a universe with just one magnet in it, there would always be a magnetic field at every point in space no matter what you did.
Separate names with a comma.


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Can someone sketch some ideas of how to use the Poincare-Bendixson Theorem to prove that there must be a fixed point contained inside a periodic orbit?
share|improve this question
I have a feeling that that statement is false. I do not have a counterexample though. – picakhu Apr 6 '11 at 2:43
I cant see the question, the image link isn't showing either. – Kate Apr 6 '11 at 3:22
This certainly doesn't hold for discrete or higher dimensional dynamical systems (ex: billiards in polygons), so I take it we can assume the system is continuous and 2 dimensional? – Alex Becker Apr 6 '11 at 5:13
_USER_: is there even a Poincare-Bendixson theorem in more than 2 dimensions? In anycase, certain topological assumptions must be made about the domain, else just consider the rotations on $\mathbb{S}^1\times \mathbb{R}$. – Willie Wong Apr 6 '11 at 13:21
_USER_: please flesh out your question. Your statement is presumably true under certain assumptions, none of which you stated in the question. Please put more effort into describing what exactly it is that you want to know. – Willie Wong Apr 6 '11 at 13:22
2 Answers 2
What is meant here with inside is inside as in the Jordan-curve-theorem. The proof can be done using it as well as the Schauder-fixed-point theorem - see for example the proof in the book by G. Teschl (to be found on his homepage).
share|improve this answer
I interpreted the question as follow:
Let $f : \mathbb{R}^2 \to \mathbb{R}^2$ be a $\mathcal{C}^1$ vector field. Suppose there exists a periodic orbit $\gamma$. According to Jordan-curve-theorem, $\mathbb{R}^2 \backslash \gamma$ admits only one bounded connected component $D_{\gamma}$. Show that $D_{\gamma}$ contains a fixed point.
In fact, you only need a weak version of Poincaré-Bendixson theorem:
Theorem: Let $f : \mathbb{R}^2 \to \mathbb{R}^2$ be a $\mathcal{C}^1$ vector field and $x \in \mathbb{R}^2$. If the $\omega$-limit $\omega(x)$ is nonempty, compact and does not contain any fixed point, then $\omega(x)$ is a periodic orbit.
Notice that it is also true for $\alpha$-limits, since by reversing time an $\alpha$-limit becomes an $\omega$-limit while the phase portrait is unchanged.
By contradiction, suppose $D_{\gamma}$ does not contain any fixed point. Then, by Poincaré-Bendixson theorem, for all $x \in D_{\gamma}$, $\omega(x)$ and $\alpha(x)$ are periodic orbits. In particular, there are infinitely many periodic orbits in $D_{\gamma}$.
For any periodic orbit $\tau$ in $D_{\gamma}$, let $K_{\tau}=\tau \cup D_{\tau}$ (where $D_{\tau}$ is defined like $D_{\gamma}$ but for $\tau$). We get a family of compacts $\{K_i : i \in I \}$ linearly ordered by inclusion, indexed by some unbounded set $I \subset \mathbb{R}_+$. Without loss of generality, we can suppose the family $\{K_i : i \in I\}$ nonincreasing (otherwise, take $\tilde{K}_i= \bigcap\limits_{j \leq i} K_j$).
Because any $x \in \mathbb{R}^2$ is between its $\omega$-limit and its $\alpha$-limit, $\bigcap\limits_{i \in I} K_i=\emptyset$.
Now, take $i_n \in I$ such that $i_n \underset{n\to + \infty}{\longrightarrow} + \infty$; then $\bigcap\limits_{n \geq 0} K_{i_n}=\emptyset$. So we find a nonincreasing sequence of compacts converging to the emptyset, a contradiction (since $\mathbb{R}^2$ is complete).
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text:
Half Moon WMA is a 9,554-acre composite of
wetlands, hammocks, flatwoods, and improved pasture. The
Withlacoochee River borders the area to the west and Ventura Ranch
borders Half Moon on the east. Mill Creek and Gum Slough, scenic
spring-fed tributaries of the Withlacoochee, traverse the area.
Half Moon's scrubby flatwoods are home to a small population of
threatened Florida scrub-jays.
Portions of Half Moon are recharge areas for the
Floridan aquifer, the source of most of Florida's drinking water.
Here limestone of the Upper Floridan aquifer is visible at the land
surface. Excellent opportunities exist for a variety of
recreational activities, including horseback riding, wildlife
viewing, biking, hiking, fishing, and hunting. Half Moon's array of
wetlands contributes significantly to floral, faunal, and habitat
View the Recreation Master Plan
for Half Moon Wildlife Management
View the Conceptual
for Half Moon Wildlife Management Area.


text:
When it comes to Spanish-style colonial charm, few cities in the Western Hemisphere can rival Old San Juan. But that doesn't mean that Puerto Rico's historical significance is exclusively within the capital city's walls. Roughly 100 miles southwest of San Juan, the lovely town of San Germán holds the venerable distinction of being Puerto Rico's second oldest city.
Founded in 1573 and named after King Ferdinand the Catholic's second wife Germaine of Foix, San Germán became the island's first settlement outside of San Juan. Its significance was such that the island was first divided into the San Juan Party and the San Germán Party. The town also became the focal point from which other settlements were established, thus earning the nickname 'Ciudad Fundadora de Pueblos' (roughly, Town-Founding City).
But while San Juan went on to grow exponentially beyond the old city walls and other cities like Ponce, Mayagüez, Arecibo or Caguas grew in population and importance, San Germán remained a sleepy colonial town and one of the best-kept secrets within the island.
From a historical perspective, San Germán's most famous landmark is Porta Coeli Church. One of the earliest examples of Gothic architecture in the Americas, the chapel was originally built as a convent in 1609 by the Dominican Order. It was reconstructed during the 18th century and expanded with a single nave church of rubble masonry. Listed in 1976 in the U.S. National Register of Historic Places, Porta Coeli was restored by the Institute of Puerto Rican Culture and now houses the Museo de Arte Religioso, which showcases religious paintings and wooden carvings dating back from the 18th and 19th centuries.
Porta Coeli overlooks quaint Plazuela Santo Domingo, an elonganted, cobblestoned square enclosed by pastel-colored, colonial-style houses. A block away sits the town's main square, Plaza Francisco Mariano Quiñones, where the operational church of San Germán de Auxerre is located. Both Porta Coeli and San Germán de Auxerre are part of the San Germán Historic District, which was also listed in the U.S. National Register of Historic Places in 1994 and includes about 100 significant buildings.
Though San Germán has long since lost its 16th-century designation as Puerto Rico's most important city after San Juan, the town is nonetheless a regional powerhouse in southwestern Puerto Rico, housing important insitutions as the main campus of Universidad Interamericana (Interamerican University). Sports enthusiasts will also appreciate that the city is considered "The Cradle of Puerto Rican Basketball" as it is home to one of the island's oldest and most succesful basketball franchises, Atléticos de San Germán (San Germán Athletics).


text:
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The flange thickness and rim inside thickness of the wheelset are key parameters that influence the wheel-rail contact. With the speed continuous increase of the rail vehicles, the wear of wheelset is becoming more and more serious, thus accelerating the changes of wheelset's flanges, which will certainly bring security hidden troubles to the operation of railway, so it is very important to realize dynamic measurements of the wheelset's flange thickness and rim inside thickness. This paper proposes a novel real-time measurement method to wheelsets based on the image processing. This system based on the triangular principle uses CCD (Charge-coupled device) to obtain the information of the wheelsets. In this system, the flange thickness can be uncontacted measured in real time. The standard deviation of the rim inside thickness is 0.47mm and that of the flange thickness is 0.635mm, and the error range is Â±0.8mm, and Â±1.0mm, respectively. When the train passes through the measurement system at the speed of 5km/h, the measurement results show that the measurement system can meet the measuring requirement on line.


How to Make Christmas Tree Decorations That Look Like a Fish Tank
Christmas tree decorations are pretty much a common sight these days, especially for kids, but they're even more popular when it comes to the decorations for cars and boats.
A lot of car and boat decorating ideas are inspired by the Christmas decorations of the 1920s, which are based on traditional carousels and boats from the era.
The designs are based off of the traditional carousel, which were used in the carousel business.
Cars and boats are often used as decorations to show off holiday or seasonal items, but it's the decorations that are often decorated in a way that makes them look like a fish tank.
These Christmas decorations are a great way to decorate your car or boat without spending a fortune on expensive decorating materials.
To make the decorations look like fish tanks, the decoration needs to be decorated with fish or fish-shaped objects, like beads or balloons.
To decorate the decorations, use the following materials: Carousel Beads or Balls: This can be a simple bead or balloon with a bow.
This can make the decorating more festive.
For a more elaborate and elaborate decoration, you can use more colorful beads or balloon decorations.
For beads, you'll need some small beads or the like.
Make sure you buy some larger beads for a more intricate decorating effect.
The beads can be made from any material that you can find.
For some beads, it's a good idea to buy a whole boat and attach it to the boat with beads.
For more elaborate decorations, you might want to use the beads on your boat, which will make it look like the boat is holding fish in it.
For larger beads, such as the one pictured above, you should buy a larger boat and glue it to it with a small piece of wood.
A good idea is to buy beads from a local craft store.
Beaded Cars: Bead cars are a good way to make a boat look like an aquarium.
Bedding that is made from beads or other shapes is often used in carousel designs.
To put these beads on the caroulet, you would need to make the caro and the carom a part of the design.
Boodles or Bead Bands: Boodle-shaped ornaments can be used to decorat the car or carousel.
You can buy beads or beads to decorating the car of your choice.
Biodome Bead: Biodomes are made from wood or other materials that are placed on a wall and filled with various items.
These items can be placed around the outside of the dome or inside the dome.
For example, beads are often placed around a bowl or an ornament.
To use beads for the car, you'd need to glue the beads to the outside with glue.
For smaller beads, a few beads are also necessary.
To add the beads, make them from a material that is suitable for placing on the wall.
For the bigger beads, glue them to the inside of the bead.
Banners and Decorating Banners: Decorated with decorations is the best way to add a festive touch to your carousel or caro.
The decorations can be as simple as a big bow or a big fish.
For decorations, it can be even more elaborate.
To do this, you could make the decoration from a boat, a fish, or even a carousel carousel that is decorated with beads or balls.
This is one of the best ways to decorator your caroulets and boats and it's fun to watch as you decorate them.
This way, you get to see your decorations in action and you can admire your decorating creations!
To decorates your car and caro with beads, be sure to buy some large beads.
Some of these beads can even be used as the beads.
Bamboo: This bamboo is a bamboo material used in boats and boats of various shapes.
The bamboo is used in making boats and cars for decoration.
A few of the bamboo carouches are decorated with small beads and decorations.
Balsa wood: Balsa is also a good choice to decor the car and boats in your car.
Balsam is a tropical wood that is a great material for making carouets and boats that can be decorated to resemble boats.
Bonsai: Bonsais are bamboo trees that can grow to about two feet tall and about eight feet long.
They are often found growing on the edges of houses.
Bias trees are also a popular choice for decorating carouchettes and boats, as they are often made of bamboo.
Bismuth: Bismoth is another tropical wood.
Bisma is a native tree that is commonly found growing in tropical regions.
Bishops: Bishop trees are trees that are native to Asia, but also grow in parts of the world.
These trees can grow up to six feet tall. The b
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Introduction编辑
The ARTY module allows scenario designers to utilize AI and player-controlled Artillery in their scenarios. ARTY supports any properly configured unit and will support fixed or self propelled vehicles as artillery pieces. The framework supports rocket artillery such as the MLRS and Grad weapon systems, as well as the standard mortars and howitzers.
ARTY Quick Start编辑
Video Tutorial on a Artillery quick start can be found here: [1]
The Artillery Firing Interface编辑
If you just want to play around with the Artillery as a player, you can do so by doing the following. Set up a static Artillery vehicle (empty). Put an Artillery GameLogic on the map. Syncronize the Artillery GameLogic with the static weapon you placed. If this is not done, the Artillery module features may not run properly in a multiplayer mission. Finally, start the game and get into the Artillery.
In Arma 2: OA, syncronization is not required. All artillery units are synced automatically. To prevent the action showing up in a specific unit, use:
this setVariable ["ARTY_VEHICLE",false]
You will see an option to target the artillery in your action menu. Clicking this brings up the artillery firing interface map. Each fall line on the map shows the fall altitude of your shell (or mortar round) at a given elevation and azimuth.
Note that you will need to be using ARTY ammo for this to work. Load an ARTY Magazine in your vehicle if you do not have one loaded already.
Example init for a M252 mortar: {this removemagazines _x} foreach magazines this; this addMagazine "ARTY_8Rnd_81mmHE_M252"
Setting up a battery编辑
The first step to using the ARTY module with the AI is to set up a battery. You can have either a real battery or a virtual battery. For purposes of this tutorial we will use a real battery. The battery can consist of a group of any kind of artillery unit, but there are some simple ground rules that should be followed:
 - The battery must consist of the same kind of artillery unit. Note that you can have men in the group as well (such as drivers and gunners for the MLRS and Grad).
 - The battery should be crewed by AI. The fire mission execution scripts depend on the AI firing their artillery pieces in the correct sequence. This allows the scripts behind the Artillery System Logic to act like a virtual FDC, giving commands to the members of the battery just as a real FDC would in the field.
 - Self-propelled Artillery vehicles will need to stop to execute fire missions, so take this into account when making your missions.
Setting up a battery involves laying down a few artillery units in the editor and setting them up as a group. In order to "ARTY enable" this group, create an Artillery System game logic and Synchronize it to one of the units using the Synchronize (F5) function of the editor.
Creating an ARTY battery
Note that the Artillery System will consider the unit that is synced to to be the "lead" unit. What this means is that this unit's position will be considered to be the canonical position of the Artillery battery, and firing solutions will be calculated accordingly.
Creating fire missions编辑
Because there are numerous variables involved in setting up a fire mission, there is a type of array known as a fire mission template that is used to generalize specific types of fire missions. To set up a fire mission template, create an array consisting of the following elements, in respective order:
 - Mission Type: "IMMEDIATE" or "TIMED"
 - The IMMEDIATE mission type will complete after a requested number of rounds have been fired.
 - The TIMED mission type will complete after a specific number of seconds have elapsed.
 - Ordnance Type: This is a string indicating the general type of ordnance to fire. Ordnance types are defined either by default or by calling the BIS_ARTY_F_AddOrdnanceType function. For each type of artillery, there are one or more ordnance types. Common default ordnance types include:
 - "HE" - High Explosive
 - "WP" - White Phosphorous ("Willie Pete")
 - "SADARM" - Search and Destroy Armor
 - "LASER" - Laser guided artillery shell
 - "ILLUM" - Flares
 - "SMOKE" - Non-Incendiary Smoke
 - Rate of Fire: The delay, in seconds, between each shot. This delay will be applied globally throughout the entire battery. For example, if gun 1 fires, there will be a delay between that event and when gun 2 fires (and so on).
 - Duration of Mission OR Round Count: This depends on the mission type. This value is used as follows:
 - For IMMEDIATE missions, the number of rounds to fire.
 - For TIMED missions, the number of seconds to sustain fire.
For example: We want to define a fire mission template that has the battery firing 15 rounds of high explosive ammunition. To do this, we define the following template:
_heTemplate = ["IMMEDIATE", "HE", 0, 15];
Requesting Fire Support编辑
To use your new battery in a fire support role, you can call the BIS_ARTY_F_ExecuteTemplateMission function. In order to do this, you must first have a target. Target coordinates must always be given in 3d, with the Z component being the altitude above sea level. This is particularly critical if you are not using spawn mode, because otherwise the artillery will not be able to properly calculate a firing solution.
The easiest way to test this is to set a target vehicle or unit, and then use:
_targetPos = getPosASL _targetUnit;
Then call the fire mission in on the position by using:
[_myBattery, _targetPos, _heTemplate] call BIS_ARTY_F_ExecuteTemplateMission;
Depending on how far away you are from the battery and its initial orientation, you may have to wait a few moments for it to rotate into place. After this happens, you will hear the artillery firing on the target and soon see the shells hitting in the vicinity (or on top of) your target vehicle.
Also note that when calling any of ARTY's functions, the artillery logic itself counts as your "battery" variable.
ARTY Modes编辑
ARTY has two primary modes of operation: Spawn and non-Spawn. Both modes are useful in different instances.
Spawn Mode编辑
This is the simplest artillery mode and is based on the shell-spawning found in the original Warfare. In this mode, shells will spawn in the air above your target after their time of flight has elapsed. The Artillery battery will still calculate a firing solution so you will see a realistic flight time, but there is no risk of complications from your shells hitting terrain in front of the artillery battery or along the trajectory. You should use spawn mode in cases where the scenario requires that the artillery shells always impact their target and you do not want to worry about micromanaging the position of the artillery battery.
Turn on spawn mode by running the following SQF code, where _battery is your group of artillery pieces:
[_battery, true] call BIS_ARTY_F_SetShellSpawn;
Non-Spawn Mode编辑
In non-spawn mode, artillery shells will be shot at an elevation and azimuth appropriate to the firing solution and will then be allowed to fly to their target on their own. However, you must be careful using this mode as large terrain obstructions, such as mountains, will block the battery's fire. In addition, if you place your battery in a poor position (such as in front of a building or trees), disaster could occur. Since non-spawn mode is the more realistic of the two firing modes, care must be taken in battery deployment to ensure that you do not cause an accident. The ARTY system uses high-angle fires by default.
Non-Spawn mode is enabled by default, but it can be reactivated thusly:
[_battery, false] call BIS_ARTY_F_SetShellSpawn;
Virtual Artillery编辑
Artillery with Virtual Pieces
The virtual artillery feature is used to simulate an artillery battery somewhere on the map, but where none actually exists. To use virtual artillery, set up a battery as you usually would, but instead of an actual artillery piece, lay down a Virtual Artillery Piece gamelogic.
The virtual artillery piece will do everything that a real artillery piece does, without physically existing. It cannot be destroyed by the enemy and will not show up as an enemy vehicle on radar. The virtual artillery piece is primarily used in cases such as during a random Artillery Barrage secop request, where the battery is spawned somewhere on the map and there is no time to pick a suitable place for it.
Because of its "virtual" nature, the virtual artillery piece needs to simulate a specific real artillery piece. By default, it will simulate an M119, but you can change this with the BIS_ARTY_F_SetVirtualGun function. For instance, to set up a virtual D30, do the following on a piece of virtual artillery (in this case _virtualPiece):
[_virtualPiece, "D30"] call BIS_ARTY_F_SetVirtualGun;
The Secop Manager takes advantage of the virtual artillery system in cases where


^Import Layered Photoshop Files into GoLive to Build Dhtml Code
When you import sliced Photoshop files into GoLive using the technique described in the previous tip, the file is placed as if it were a flattened Photoshop file. In other words, the individual layers in Photoshop are ignored. Suppose you wanted to import the text and graphic behind it separately, so they could each be moved independently on the web page in GoLive. To achieve this, you can actually import the layered Photoshop file right into GoLive.
While GoLive typically uses HTML table tags to organize slices from Photoshop files, layered Photoshop files are handled differently. Instead of static HTML table tags, GoLive uses Dynamic HTML (DHTML) to lay out the individual elements, which are called floating boxes in GoLive. The benefit of using DHTML is that each element's movements can be dynamically scripted on the page. For example, you could script a section of the page to disappear when a user clicks a certain button.
The drawback in using DHTML to lay out a page is that it's not fully supported by all the browsers your site's visitors may be using. For more information on DHTML and the browsers that support it, visit hotwired.lycos.com/webmonkey/authoring/dynamic_html/ or _URL_
TRY IT
To import a layered Photoshop file into GoLive to build DHTML code, open the page to which you want to add the file in GoLive. Or choose File I New Page to create a new page layout. Choose File I Import I Photoshop Layers To Floating Boxes. Select the layered Photoshop file you want to import and then specify the folder where GoLive should save the optimized files.
Next, GoLive opens the Save For Web dialog box to give you a chance to specify optimization settings for each layer in the image, starting with the lowest layer (usually the Background layer).
Make changes to the optimization settings as needed and then click Save. Repeat these steps until all the layers of your file have been optimized and are displayed in GoLive. If you don't want to import one of the layers in your file, click Cancel in the Save For Web dialog box when you see that layer appear. Only that layer will be cancelled, and you can continue optimizing the rest of the layers in the file.
To quickly optimize all remaining layers in a file with the same (current) optimization settings, hold down the CTRL key while clicking Save. Likewise, to cancel the optimization of all remaining layers (instead of just the current one), CTRL-click the Cancel button.
Photoshop Secrets
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What is Moling?
Moling is a trenchless method of laying pipes or cables underground, where a pneumatically driven machine known as an Impact Mole forces a path through the ground, displacing soil rather than removing it.
Impact Moles come in all sizes, from 25mm diameters up to around 63mm in diameter. We will pick the appropriate size Mole for your project, and it tends to be a quick and simple way to install smaller pipes underground.
Impact Moling Specialists
If you have a job that you think might require impact moling, call or email us and we'll be able to discuss whether moling or directional drilling might be able to save you money, time and hassle.
Drilling/Moling vs. Trenching
Even when there are no obstacles in the path where you want to lay pipe, and the condition of the ground doesn't matter too much (e.g. a field), it can still often be quicker and cheaper to use an impact mole rather than an open trench.
We can install anything up to 100 meters in a day, and have achieved up to 20 meters in a single 'shot' (in perfect conditions), but more usually we work to a distance of 10 meters to keep deviation to a minimum.
Advantages of Precision Drilling
 - Minimum disruption (to road, rail or pedestrian traffic)
 - Usually cheaper
 - Usually quicker
 - Relatively environmentally friendly (e.g. reduced CO2 emissions)
 - Small footprint for work (only entry and exit points)
 - Looks extremely professional
 - No scarring


GrowFX 2.0 User Manual
Wind animation node
It allows you to create the animation of swaying pathlines in the wind.
Wind object group
Click this, and then select a Wind helper object in the viewport.
Turns on Create Wind object mode. Manually place Wind helper object by clicking in any viewport.
Displays the name of the Wind object.
Stiffness of the path, numerically determines the wavelength of the vibrations of paths. Waves move in the wind direction with speed equal to Wind Speed in the parameters of the Wind helper object. This influences the oscillation frequency: the shorter the wavelength, the greater the frequency.
Please note that if Stiffness is more than the path length, the oscillation frequency depends to some extent on the length of the path.
Flexibility of the path, numerically determines the scale of the subsidence under the influence of wind forces.
Scale Frequency
Scale of the oscillation frequency. This parameter is required to adjust the oscillation frequency.
Amplitude Multiplier
Sets the amplitude of the waving lines in the wind. Allows you to make movements smoother.
Axial rotation group
Allows to adjust the axial rotation of the oscillating paths. It can be applied to the leaves because they tend to vibrate along their axis.
Enables this feature.
Max angle
Maximum deflection angle of the axial rotation.
Strength factor
Used to adjust the amplitude of the axial rotation.
Orientation for leaves group
When on, performs axial reorientation of the direction, which means that it turns the path along the direction. Mainly it is applicable for leaves, as a leaf can bend only in one direction. So in creating wind animation or gravitation influence, when bended, the leaf turns over.
Angle strength
Used to adjust the rotation angle of the leaves.
Looping animation group
Enables the looping animation. Enabling this option disables the Scale Frequency, because it will be calculated automatically.
Looping Period
Specifies the looping period.
For the correct looping animation, don't use the Perturb Speed, Perturb Vector and Decay options in the Wind helper settings.
The right connectors allows to connect the Curve node to control the values of the corresponding parameters along the pathlines.
The visual representation of Stiffness:
Flexibility = 1.0:
Flexibility = 10.0:


Voice of Korea
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article is about the North Korean broadcasting service. For the South Korea's international radio service, see KBS World Radio. For the Montreal local radio program, see CKUT-FM#Voice of Korea. For the South Korean reality show, see The Voice of Korea.
Voice of Korea
Type Radio network
Country North Korea
Availability International
Owner Korean Central Broadcasting Committee
Launch date
October 14, 1945
Former names
Radio Pyongyang
Official website
Voice of Korea
Chosŏn'gŭl 조선의 소리
Hancha 朝鮮의 소리
Revised Romanization Joseon-ui Sori
McCune–Reischauer Chosŏn-ŭi Sori
Voice of Korea interval signal and national anthem received in the UK in May 2013.
The last minute of a Voice of Korea English broadcast received in the UK in May 2013.
An old Radio Pyongyang pennant.
Voice of Korea (Korean: 조선 소리) is the international broadcasting service of North Korea. It broadcasts primarily information in Chinese, Spanish, German, English, French, Russian, Japanese, and Arabic.[1] Until 2002 it was known as Radio Pyongyang. The Interval Signal is identical to the one of Korean Central Television.
Its origins can be traced back to 1936 and radio station JBBK. Operated by the occupying Japanese forces, JBBK broadcast a first and second program as part of Japan's radio network that covered the Korean peninsula from Seoul.
The station officially inaugurated programming on October 14, 1945, with a live broadcast of the victory speech of Kim Il Sung when he returned to Pyongyang at the end of World War II.
Voice of Korea broadcasts on HF or shortwave radio frequencies, as well as on medium wave for broadcasts aimed at neighboring countries. Some frequencies broadcast are well out of the ITU allocated shortwave broadcast bands, making them less susceptible to interference but less likely to be listenable on older receivers.
Most of the broadcasts are transmitted from the Kujang shortwave transmitter site, located approximately 25 km from the city of Kujang.[2]
In 2006 VOK started broadcasting on the same frequency as the Lincolnshire Poacher numbers station[3][self-published source] It is unknown whether this was an intentional effort to frustrate the Poacher's operators or an accident, as it is not unknown for Voice of Korea to unintentionally jam its own signal by transmitting programmes in different languages simultaneously on the same frequency.
On occasion, VOK has missed its regular service. The interruptions have not been explained by VOK, but they are thought to be due to engineering works at the transmitter sites, faulty equipment or because of power outages. In 2012 they occurred when the country was facing one of its worst electricity shortages in years.[4] The off-air periods also affect North Korea's own jamming signals designed to prevent reception of South Korean stations such as Echo of Hope, Voice of the People and KBS Hanminjok Bangsong.[5][6]
Voice of Korea also broadcasts on the Thaicom 5 satellite along with Korean Central Broadcasting Station (KCBS) and Korean Central Television.[citation needed]
Unlike most international broadcasters, "Voice of Korea" does not broadcast an interval signal in the minutes leading up to the start of the transmission. It instead starts broadcasting the interval signal (the first few notes of the "Song of General Kim Il-sung") on the hour.[citation needed]
A typical program line-up begins with the interval signal, followed by the station announcement "This is Voice of Korea". After the announcement, the national anthem, "Song of General Kim Il-sung" and "Song of General Kim Jong-il" are played. The songs are followed by a news broadcast consisting of Korean Central News Agency items with small adjustments for the radio.[1] If there are any items about Kim Il-sung, Kim Jong-il or Kim Jong-un, these top the bulletin.[citation needed] The news items are typically one day behind the news of the domestic service Korea Central Broadcasting Station. The news is followed by music and an excerpt from Kim Il-sung's memoirs With the Century. After the memoirs, there is more music and feature stories, sometimes followed by an editorial. The fifty-seven-minute broadcast is concluded with frequency information and a sign-off message.[1]
See also[edit]
 1. ^ a b c "Voice of Korea mid-2014 schedule". North Korea Tech. 27 March 2014. Retrieved October 18, 2014.
 2. ^ Martyn Williams (April 29, 2011). "Kujang shortwave transmitter site". North Korea Tech. Retrieved October 18, 2014.
 3. ^ Info about the clash. October 3, 2010.
 4. ^ Martyn Williams (February 24, 2012). "DPRK radio disappears". North Korea Tech. Retrieved October 18, 2014.
 5. ^ Martyn Williams (July 22, 2013). "Some North Korean external radio, jamming reportedly off air". North Korea Tech. Retrieved October 18, 2014.
 6. ^ Martyn Williams (March 28, 2012). "Voice of Korea still having problems staying on-air". North Korea Tech. Retrieved October 18, 2014.
External links[edit]


text:
Adams County has been issued a final property tax equalization factor of 1.0 for the 2012 tax year, which will impact tax bills paid in 2013.
This indicates Adams County's property is being assessed correctly, according to Brian Hamer, director of the Illinois Department of Revenue, who announced the equalization factor, also known as a "multiplier."
State law requires property in Illinois to be assessed at one-third of its market value. According to Hamer, assessments in Adams County are at 33.36 percent of market value, based on sales of properties in 2009, 2010 and 2011.
The state's equalization factor is determined annually for each county by comparing the price of individual properties sold over the previous three years to the assessed value placed on those properties by the county's supervisor of assessments.
If the three-year average level of assessment is one-third of the market value, the equalization factor will be 1.0, Hamer said. If the average is greater than one-third of the market value, the multiplier will be less than 1.0. If the average is lower than one-third, the multiplier will be higher than 1.0.
Adams County has not had an equalization factor of more than 1.0 since 1993, because the county does its own property equalizations on a township-by-township basis, according to Supervisor of Assessments Georgene Zimmerman.
Each year, the supervisor of assessments issues equalization factors for each of the 23 townships in Adams County. This is done as part of the statewide effort to make sure all property in Illinois is assessed at one-third of its market value.
When the state subsequently reviewed the county's assessments, it found the levels prescribed by Zimmerman were in line with the state's expectations. So the state issued the 1.0 countywide multiplier.


text:
House Searle - Highlands
Click to view map
On the 13th March 1875 Walter Searle and his friend Henry (later Lord) de Villiers bought adjoining pieces of land in an area that was one part of the huge Stellenberg farm owned by Willem Adriaan van der Stel. Henry built the beautifully fashionable Wynberg House – now sadly demolished – while Walter opted for a more sturdy looking single building with large gables and broad, thick thatched roof.
At the age of 64 and in ill health, Walter Searle returned to Cambridge, England. His 2 sons inherited Highlands. Malcolm William bought out his elder brother and took up residence in Highlands with his new bride Emma Jane (Jenny) St Ledger.
Alongside his thriving practice at the Bar, Malcolm and Jenny Searle found much time to travel, only settling and starting a family 10 years later. When in 1899 their baby's nurse smelt smoke and sounded the alarm, it was too late; fanned by the blustery South-Easter the fire quickly spread to the thatch and Highlands was burnt to the ground.
A friend of the family, Herbert Baker, began drawing up plans for a new home, positioning it on the sound foundation and remaining stoep of the old house. Initially the architect explored reconstructing the previous structure, perhaps on the Searles' instructions. In any effect the plans for the new building were approved by the Wynberg Council in December 1899 and the construction of Herbert Baker's Highlands began.
(Extracted from Highlands Country House. Accessed 2020 08 27)
These notes were last edited on 2020 08 27


text:
Minister of State at the Department of Agriculture Food and the Marine, Andrew Doyle TD
Minister of State at the Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Andrew Doyle T.D, addressed the "BioFarm 2019 - Ireland's Biological Farming Conference" in Portlaoise recently, which focused on the capabilities of agriculture to combat climate change.
Minister Doyle highlighted the options available to farmers in this respect through his Department's Organic Farming Scheme and Agro-Forestry Scheme.
Noting that the many benefits of agro-forestry discussed at the Conference, Minister Doyle also pointed out the substantial grants available of €6,220 per hectare under the Agro-Forestry Scheme together with an annual premium of up to €660 per hectare.
He added that the agro-forestry system "is ideally suited to farmers who are interested in forestry but who also wish to keep their land in agricultural production and I therefore believe that it merits serious consideration."
Addressing the issue of climate change the Minister noted that, "Ireland's food producers and farmers have a remarkable reputation internationally in terms of the sustainability of the food and drink we produce".
Acknowledging that further action is needed in adapting to the consequences of climate change, reducing vulnerability and achieving sustainable development, he pointed out that his Department has recently published a first Agriculture, Forest and Seafood Climate Change Sectoral Adaptation Plan to help deliver on these objectives.
The Conference, which was a two-day event was organised by the National Organic Training Skillnet (NOTS) and brought together international experts in climate change mitigation, soil specialists and agro- forestry experts.
Subscribe or register today to discover more from DonegalLive.ie


text:
Grease separators are used to capture grease present in the effluent, through flotation process.
Techneau offers 3 types of grease separators
- In rotomoulded polyethylene,
- in stainless steel,
- in polyester.
Standards NF and CE
The grease separators are subject to CE marking and should fulfil the conditions set out in ZA Annex of the standard EN 1825-1 and EN 1825-2.
The working principle is based on:
- The gravity separation of heavy materials ("sludge"),
- The flotation of greases
0.95 density greases rise to the surface while the heavy material density 1 settle to the bottom of the unit.
The contaminated water arrives through the input pipe (1); equipped with a baffle to calm the effluent, thus avoiding mixing and resuspension of settled sludge and grease (2).
The sludge settles in the sludge trap (3) and the buffle (4) traps greases in the unit.
- The sludge :
This compartment is located upstream of the separation chamber. It is intended to trap heavy matter (sludge).
- The separator
The size of the separation chamber must meet the following criteria (as defined in the norm):
|Minimum area||Minimum||Minimum storage|
volume in m3
|0,25 x TN||0,24 x TN||0,04 x TN|


How to memorize and understand 1300 words in the Quran in just 5 minutes
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How many new faces that you see every day at your local masjid, work or neighborhood? The more frequent you go to a particular place, the more often you'll meet a familiar face. Similarly, in the Quran not all words are strangers to us, some we already know because we read and hear the Quran more than once
In this article, I am going to share with you a group of words that occur more than 1300 times in the Quran. It will take you less than 10 minutes of your precious time.. The words in Engish falls under the category of pronoun. These are words like, He, they, she, you, I, we, it, me, and your.
In Arabic pronoun can be divided into 2 one is an independent pronoun and the other is the attached pronoun. Independent pronoun is always Rafa' while the attached pronoun is either nasb or jarr
Independent Pronoun
An independent pronoun is a word by itself while the attached pronoun always appears as a part of a word. Now before you can know the attached pronoun it will be good to memorised the independent pronoun. It will take just approximately 10 minutes if you really want to commit them to memory.
The words that you see above is repeated in the Quran approximately 1300 times. Simply by memorizing them you would tremendously increase your understanding of the Quran when you read it or even when you are listening to the imam while praying. You can start by opening the Quran and look for independent pronouns. This will you in memorizing these words and it will definitely enhance your understanding of the Quran.
I can't stress enough how important is it to know these independent pronoun in Arabic and their meaning by heart. Imagine you will immediately know 1300 words in the Quran by memorising them.
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text:
What are the benefits of Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY)?
I am writing to inquire about the benefits of the Pradhan Mantri Jan-Dhan Yojana (PMJDY). As someone who is interested in the financial inclusion initiatives of the Government of India, I have come across the PMJDY, which was launched in August 2014. However, I would like to gain a better understanding of the various advantages and positive impacts that this scheme has brought about. I understand that the main objective of PMJDY is to provide access to financial services for the unbanked and underbanked population in India. Beyond that, I am particularly interested in knowing more
The scheme has been very successful in reaching its target audience. As of March 2023, over 400 million accounts have been opened under PMJDY. The scheme has also helped to increase financial literacy and financial awareness among the poor.
The benefits of PMJDY include:
Access to savings accounts: PMJDY accounts offer a safe and secure place to save money. This can help people to build up their savings and prepare for emergencies.
Access to loans: PMJDY accounts can be used to access loans for a variety of purposes, such as starting a business, buying a home, or paying for education.
Access to insurance: PMJDY accounts offer insurance coverage against death, disability, and other unforeseen events. This can help to protect families from financial hardship in the event of a crisis.
Access to pensions: PMJDY accounts can be used to save for retirement. This can help people to have a secure income in their old age.


text:
Kent Pro Plant Fertilizer
Freshwater Plant Growth Accelerator with Pro•Gro
Description: This product provides bio-available nitrogen, magnesium and micronutrients for lush freshwater plant growth • Contains no phosphates to cause unwanted algae growth.
Considerations for use: First use Kent® Freshwater Plant Supplement which provides iron and other essential trace minerals for lush greening of freshwater plants. Then use this product, Pro•Plant with Pro•Gro plant growth accelerator to spur rapid plant growth. Both products are phosphate free so that they do not cause unwanted algae growth!
Kent Blackwater Expert will provide rich humins, much like rich soil that you put around your tomatoes. The rich nutrients in Blackwater Expert will accelerate cell division and stimulate root systems.
Plants also require strong lighting of proper spectrum and abundant carbon dioxide in the system. If you are planning a heavily planted tank, you may want to invest in a CO2 system. Do not use more than twice the recommended dosage.
The use of Kent® Freshwater Plant Supplement simultaneously with the Pro•Plant will provide all of the nutrients that freshwater plants need for vigorous growth and healthy leaves and roots. No laterite is required!
Pro•Plant and Freshwater Plant Supplement should be used simultaneously with Freshwater Essential, Discus Essential or A F Cichlid Rift Lake Trace Elements for a synergistic effect.
Pro•Plant 17.4oz: only


text:
How to Use the Habitat Development Curve
Habitat Development Curves (HDCs) are used to determine the developmental status and trajectory of on-the-ground projects to create, restore, or enhance California wetland and stream habitats. Each HDC is based on assessments of habitat condition for different age areas of one habitat type that in aggregate represent the full spectrum of habitat development. The assessments of condition are provided by expert applications of the California Rapid Assessment Method (CRAM). Visit the CRAM website for more information about CRAM.
For each HDC, reference condition is represented by areas of a habitat that consistently get very high CRAM scores, have not been subject to disruptive management practices, and exist within landscapes that are protected and managed for their natural conditions. The horizontal lines intersecting the top of an HDC represent the mean CRAM score and standard deviation of scores for 25 qualifying reference areas.
The age of a project is estimated as the elapsed time in years between the groundwork end date for the project and the date of the CRAM assessment. To add or update a groundwork end date, use the Project Events form in Project Tracker (ptrack.ecoatlas.org). The minimum age in years of a non-project area, including any natural reference area, is estimated from all available local information, including historical maps and imagery, historical written accounts, and place-specific scientific studies of habitat development.
An HDC can be used to address the following questions:
- At what time in the future will the area of assessed habitat achieve the reference condition or other milestones in habitat development? The HDC can answer this question if the CRAM score for the assessed area is within the confidence interval of the HDC. The answer is the time in years along the HDC between the current age of the assessed area and the future date corresponding to the intersection of the HDC and the reference condition or other milestone.
- Is the area of assessed habitat likely to develop faster, slower, or at the same pace as most other areas of the same habitat type? The habitat area is likely to develop faster, slower, or at the same pace if the CRAM score for the area is above, below, or within the confidence interval of the HDC, respectively.
- What can be done to improve the condition of the habitat area or to increase its rate of development? HDCs by themselves cannot answer this question. Possible answers can be inferred by the following analysis that involves HDCs:
- Examine the HDC for each of the four CRAM Attributes;
- Identify the Attribute(s) scoring below the HDC;
- For any low-scoring Attribute, examine the component Metric Scores (note: the Metric Scores for any public CRAM assessment in the CRAM database can be obtained through EcoAtlas);
- Assume the low score of an Attribute is due to its low-scoring Metric(s);
- Consider modifying the design or management of the habitat area in ways that will sustainably increase its score(s) for the low-scoring Metric(s).
For more information about CRAM Attributes and Metrics, including their scientific rationale, see the CRAM Manual.


are the fit of the bag, what clothing one wears to bed, and the type of sleeping pad used. All of these factors play key roles in calculating real world performance. Wind and dampness are additional factors that can greatly affect a quality night's sleep.
My research seems to indicate that the EN standard for sleeping bag temperature rating is helpful, but only if used properly. My take is that one must understand the rating system, specifically the range of ratings, and then use it as a baseline to compare sleeping bags against each other. Reality means that it might take a few failures on our end before we find a bag that is tailored to how we sleep and intend to use it.
My conclusion is that we need to look at a sleeping bag as part of a total sleeping package. This package should include several factors, but starts with the combined performance of the sleeping bag and the mattress pad. Continuing down this path, it is critical to evaluate the fit of the bag. To tight and you compress the insulation and reduce its insulating capabilities. To loose and energy is wasted heating the dead space.
Another component of the sleeping system is clothing. Is there a dedicated set of sleep clothing, or do you utilize part of your outerwear to dial your system in? The final piece of the puzzle is the style of shelter (i.e tent, tarp, hammock, bivy, etc.) as the EN testing process assumes the sleeping bag is used in a tent. All of these factors combined make up your total sleeping package.
 - Sleeping Bag
 - Mattress Pad
 - Overall fit of the bag
 - Clothing worn in the bag (or not)
 - Shelter Style
As we build this package it is easy to see the potential for variances. Each trip might require a custom tailored total sleep package based on the multiple variables each adventure requires. The weather and altitude are examples of external variables to consider as we build our system. Using the results of the tests, and comparing how manufactures use these results, helps us understand the baseline upon which to build a system. Nights in the bag prove our system and help us to better understand how the sleeping bag temperature rating can work for us, and in the conditions we use our system in.
In a follow up article I will explain how I used the results of my research to build my different sleep systems and how I tailor each of them to the adventure at hand.
You can comment on this article or ask Matt questions here. (Be sure and subscribe to that thread at "Thread Tools" top of post to receive a notification when part II publishes.)


text:
Highest concentration of Eocene whales
- Wadi Al-Hitan
- 20015 hectare(s)
Wadi Al-Hitan (Valley of the Whales), is a protected area of some 20,015 ha in the Western Desert of Egypt. Fossil whales were first discovered here in 1905 and, since then, some 379 have been discovered, dating from the Eocene period, 56 to 34 million years ago. These whales cover an evolutionary period of 4 million years, from when the valley was beneath the Tethys Sea. Many of these fossils reveal that, during this period, ancient whales were in the process of losing their hind limbs, and making the final transition from land-based to purely sea-based creatures.


English version
From Longman Dictionary of Contemporary Englishturmoiltur‧moil /ˈtɜːmɔɪl $ ˈtɜːr-/ ●○○ noun [singular, uncountable] CONFUSEDa state of confusion, excitement, or anxietypolitical/emotional/economic/religious etc turmoil the prospect of another week of political turmoilin (a) turmoil Ashley gazed at him, her thoughts in turmoil.
Examples from the Corpus
turmoilOur arrangements are thrown into complete turmoil.He shivered, his thoughts in turmoil, his pulse racing.But he must have endured more mental turmoil as his rookie replacement lit up White Hart Lane.The big thing actually seemed happy to have caused so much turmoil and confusion.They did so again amid the turmoil caused by the collapse of Soviet power in 1991.The earliest had left their homeland during the turmoil of its unification.In the midst of this turmoil, life on the surface at Holy Trinity went on much as it always had.political/emotional/economic/religious etc turmoilThis new party was briefly banned for arousing political turmoil that led to street insurrections in October 1993.He was beginning to feel as if he had just switched roller-coasters - from one set of emotional turmoil to another.In addition to their own emotional turmoil, parents must cope with the demands and expectations of those around them.But the political turmoil that landed her father in prison prevented her from returning home.It did not suit her now to observe the emotional turmoil inside Rose.Yet all this faded into insignificance when compared to the political turmoil it was causing.Beyond the political confusion, there were other factors that wrought economic turmoil in the wake of partitioning the country.
Pictures of the day
Do you know what each of these is called?
Click on the pictures to check.
Word of the day priceless extremely valuable


hbQT - GC - Qt Object Destruction
 Previous topic Next topic
In this section I will try to explain the foundations of hbQT, its variables life-cycle, Harbour GC interaction and Qt's own destruction mechanism.

As you all know, we are struggling to balance the Harbour GC behavior and Qt's object destruction, which, at times involves the same pointer. We have not been able to locate how GC should know when a pointer has been released by Qt. This has been all the more difficult because of the fact that Qt does not respect its own documentation where it states that if "new" and "delete" operators are overloaded by the application, the calls to obtain and free the pointers will be routed to application defined operators instead of Qt's own.

Strange fact is this that, "new" operator is always routed to Harbour's but "delete" operators behavior is inconsistent. Few objects are passes back to application's "delete" whereas most are not. I will try to explain hereunder how the things are moving inside these two nodes.

Let's start with a bare minimum example:

REQUEST HB_QT

STATIC s_events
STATIC s_slots

PROCEDURE Main()
 Local qApp, qWnd, qLabel, qBtn

 qApp := QApplication():new()

 s_events := QT_EVENTS_NEW()
 s_slots := QT_SLOTS_NEW()

 qWnd := QMainWindow():new()
 qWnd:setWindowTitle( "Harbour-Qt GC Diagram" )
 qWnd:resize( 900, 500 )

 qLabel := QLabel():new( qWnd )
 qLabel:setText( "Harbour" )
 qLabel:move( 100, 100 )
 qLabel:resize( 100, 50 )
 qLabel:show()

 qBtn := QPushButton():new( qWnd )
 qBtn:setText( "Message Box" )
 qBtn:move( 10, 10 )
 qBtn:resize( 100, 30 )
 Qt_Slots_Connect( s_slots, qBtn, "clicked()", ;
 {|| MyMessageBox( qWnd ) } )

 qWnd:Show()

 qApp:exec()

 Qt_Slots_DisConnect( s_slots, qBtn, "clicked()" )

 RETURN

FUNCTION MyMessageBox( qWnd )
 LOCAL qMB

 qMB := QMessageBox():new( qWnd )
 qMB:setInformativeText( "Harbour" )
 qMB:setWindowTitle( "Harbour-QT" )
 qMB:exec()

 RETURN NIL

In this example I will concentrate on function MyMessageBox() which when invoked by clicking on push button should produce a GPF on many systems with astonishingly different behavior with different C compilers and Qt's releases. If some event happens in a predictable way, it is subject to resolution sooner or later, but what if same is experienced by somebody and just passes away some others.

A thousand dollar question is - why GPF will appear for this very innocent code?
Simply because local variable oMB will go out of scope and GC will try to release its resources.
It seems funny but the fact is it happens like this only.

To trace down the flow of pointer's life cycle, this code must be compiled with -nohbcppmm hbMK2 flag and including cppmmstub.cpp outlined below. Also place some trace calls in "delete" group of functions to check if any of them is reached anytime.

Function new( size_t nSize ) is always reached with every type of Qt object, but delete( void * ptr ) is reached by some of the Qt objects but even those inconsistently depending upon the program flow.

If an application is linked with -nohbcppmm then probbaly no GPF will be produced at all. In such case if a lot of objects will be created assigned to local variables, those will never be get released and memory usage will keep up growing.

/* cppstub.cpp */

#include "hbapi.h"

const char * __hbmk2_hbcppmm( void )
{
 return "HBCPPMM";
}

void operator delete[]( void * ptr )
{
 if( ptr )
 {
 hb_xfree( ptr );
 }
}

void operator delete[]( void * ptr, size_t )
{
 if( ptr )
 {
 hb_xfree( ptr );
 }
}

void operator delete( void * ptr )
{
 if( ptr )
 {
 hb_xfree( ptr );
 }
}

void operator delete( void * ptr, size_t nSize )
{
 if( ptr )
 {
 hb_xfree( ptr );
 }
}

void * operator new( size_t nSize )
{
 if( nSize == 0 )
 {
 nSize = 1;
 }
 return hb_xgrab( nSize );
}

qMB := QMessageBox():new( qWnd )

void * hbqt_gcAllocate_QMessageBox( void * pObj, bool bNew )
{
 QGC_POINTER_QMessageBox * p = ( QGC_POINTER_QMessageBox * ) hb_gcAllocate( sizeof( QGC_POINTER_QMessageBox ), hbqt_gcFuncs() );

 p->ph = pObj;
 p->bNew = bNew;
 p->func = hbqt_gcRelease_QMessageBox;

 if( bNew )
 {
 new( & p->pq ) QPointer< QMessageBox >( ( QMessageBox * ) pObj );
 }
 return p;
}

HB_FUNC( QT_QMESSAGEBOX )
{
 void * pObj = NULL;

 pObj = ( QMessageBox* ) new QMessageBox() ; /* This call is routed to our overloaded function - operator new( size_t nSize ) */

 hb_retptrGC( hbqt_gcAllocate_QMessageBox( pObj, true ) );
}

pPtr instance variable of qMB is now populated with GC collectible pointer.
When the function will terminate, either pressing "X" on messagebox or clicking "Ok" button, GC will try to free oMB:pPtr and following function will be called:

QT_G_FUNC( hbqt_gcRelease_QMessageBox )
{
 QGC_POINTER_QMessageBox * p = ( QGC_POINTER_QMessageBox * ) Cargo;

 if( p && p->bNew )
 {
 if( p->ph && p->pq )
 {
 const QMetaObject * m = ( ( QObject * ) p->ph )->metaObject();
 if( ( QString ) m->className() != ( QString ) "QObject" )
 {
 HB_TRACE( HB_TR_DEBUG, ( "YES_rel_QMessageBox /.\\ ph=%p pq=%p", p->ph, (void *)(p->pq) ) );

 delete ( ( QMessageBox * ) p->ph ); /* We will always reach here and then will appear GPF */
 /* because p->ph gets released by QT which is validated by p->pq becoming NULL */
 /* but p->ph retains the value as is and hence GC tries to free it again which infact is already released */
 /* Please note that all our checks to prevent it are intact to have a valid pointer but still... */

 /* Infact, at this point Qt's own delete() operator is called ( and must be called ) as delete ( ( QMessageBox * ) ptr ) it would been defined in Qt headers */

 HB_TRACE( HB_TR_DEBUG, ( "YES_rel_QMessageBox \\./ ph=%p pq=%p", p->ph, (void *)(p->pq) ) ); // This is never reached
 p->ph = NULL;
 }
 }
 }
}

This is simplest of the examples to trap GPF and its course and it does not use any of the other so-called "hacks" in hbQT implementation.
Probably, Przemek can look into this deeply and can traceout the issue. If we do it here we will be very near the real issue. This will produce GPF on OS


ADeC, Babylon Gallery
The beauty and the power of the human voice were profoundly explored in an intriguing composition by Caroline Wright entitled Voice Human Action. Using the Lady Chapel in Ely Cathedral as one large sound box, the performers presented smoothly choreographed tableaux of actions that explored the complex nature of communication.
The performance began with a quiet gathering of the participants in response to a deep resonant and gradually emerging 'ohm'. This 'ohm' sound and its amazing resonance due to the structure of the Lady Chapel captured the essence of meaningful communication in sound, reminiscent of known practices used to inspire the inner person to communicate well beyond the restrictive self.
Heightened experiences developed as the sounds altered in tone and texture and as the performers increased or decreased their personal involvement with the communication, with the other communicators and with the listeners.
The text chosen to be woven into these amazing aural encounters was based on the nature of the rainbow, a suitable symbol of hopes and desires that are inextricably part of the human psyche.
This was a most moving experience which is being further explored with Caroline's scientific/art exhibition Lines of Communication in the Babylon Gallery. One of the most amazing exhibits is a video of the internal workings of the human voice in action as someone speaks.
The exhibition and documentary film of the performance Voice Human Action may be viewed for free at the Babylon Gallery, Waterside Ely Cambs. until Sunday 20 th November: Tues-Sat 10 am-4 pm ; Sun and Bank hols 11am-5pm (not Mon) Tel:616993


text:
An Assay of DNA by Resonance Light Scattering Technique and its Application in Screening Anticancer Drugs
In this contribution, a novel assay has been developed to detect the interaction between DNA and drugs using ethidium bromide (EB) as a probe based on the decreased resonance light scattering (RLS) technique. It was found that, in pH 2.0 Britton-Robinson buffer solution, EB underwent dramatic enhancement of RLS signal when binding to DNA. Additionally, the strong RLS signal of the EB-DNA system was remarkably decreased after the addition of DNA-targeted anticancer drugs. The results showed a linear relationship between the enhanced RLS intensity of the EB-DNA system and concentration of DNA in the range of 0.015-40.8 μg mL -1. The linear regression equation is represented as follows: ΔI RLS = 4.15 + 21.14c with regression coefficient r = 0.9970 (n = 10). The detection limit was 0.3 ng mL -1. Only 2.0 × 10 -8 mol L -1 was selected as the optimum EB concentration in this assay. Further study demonstrated that the anticancer efficacy of anticancer drugs varied inversely with RLS intensity of the EB-DNA-drug system. So, it is intuitive to see the sequence of antitumor efficiency of anticancer drugs without data processing by RLS screening spectra. Compared with the traditional cell-based screening methods, the proposed method was more convenient, rapid and intuitive. The reaction mechanism is discussed. © 2012 The Royal Society of Chemistry.


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Count the Falling Leaves🍁🍂
Make the leaves fall to the ground but as you do, count out loud. As you move them, you can swirl them around as if they are floating through the air down to the ground below. 1. Tap to get started. Find your name and tap it. 2. Tap the tool. Now you can move the leaves! But first, tap the red button. 3. After the 3-2-1 countdown, touch each leaf and move it to the ground, counting out loud as you do this. Tap when you're finished counting. 4. After you've finished moving and counting leaves, you can use the or tool to write the total number of leaves that you made fall to the ground! 5. Tap the twice to save to your journal.
1st Grade, Kindergarten, Science, Math
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The sample has not only the directions stated orally but a brief demonstration showing students how to do the activity. You can have students add other finishing touches if you'd like - drawing themselves in the scene or adding in foraging animals like squirrels. Note: The feature is only available in iOS.


text:
Unit of Study NATM6005 - Integrative Mental Health (2023)
Show me unit information for year
PG Coursework Unit
Unit Learning Outcomes express learning achievement in terms of what a student should know, understand and be able to do on completion of a unit. These outcomes are aligned with the graduate attributes. The unit learning outcomes and graduate attributes are also the basis of evaluating prior learning.
On completion of this unit, students should be able to:
reflect on mental health care systems in Australia and internationally
apply psychiatric aetiology and classification to integrative management of mental health conditions
critically describe the integrative approaches to mental health
recognise role of the therapeutic relationship in mental health and mental health emergencies
Prescribed learning resources
- No prescribed texts.
Readings and resources are provided for each module in this unit. See MySCU for details.
Prescribed Learning Resources may change in future Teaching Periods.


text: Cerebellar Purkinje cells produce two distinct forms of action potential output: simple and complex spikes. Simple spikes occur spontaneously or are driven by parallel fibre input, while complex spikes are activated by climbing fibre input. Previous studies indicate that both simple and complex spikes originate in the axon of Purkinje cells, but the precise location where they are initiated is unclear. Here we address where in the axon of cerebellar Purkinje cells simple and complex spikes are generated. Using extracellular recording and voltage-sensitive dye imaging in rat and mouse Purkinje cells, we show that both simple and complex spikes are generated in the proximal axon, 15-20 mum from the soma. Once initiated, simple and complex spikes propagate both down the axon and back into the soma. The speed of backpropagation into the soma was significantly faster for complex compared to simple spikes, presumably due to charging of the somatodendritic membrane capacitance during the climbing fibre synaptic conductance. In conclusion, we show using two independent methods that the final integration site of simple and complex spikes is in the proximal axon of cerebellar Purkinje cells, at a location corresponding to the distal end of the axon initial segment.


Abstract
An Expectation Maximization algorithm for identification of DNA binding sites is presented. The approach predicts the location of binding regions while allowing variable length spacers within the sites. In addition to predicting the most likely spacer length for a set of DNA fragments, the method identifies individual sites that differ in spacer size. No alignment of DNA sequences is necessary. The method is illustrated by application to 231 Escherichia coli DNA fragments known to contain promoters with variable spacings between their consensus regions. Maximum-likelihood tests of the differences between the spacing classes indicate that the consensus regions of the spacing classes are not distinct. Further tests suggest that several positions within the spacing region may contribute to promoter specificity.
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)159-170
Number of pages12
JournalJournal of Molecular Biology
Volume223
Issue number1
DOIs
StatePublished - Jan 5 1992
Keywords
 - DNA-protein
 - Expectation Maximum
 - consensus sequences
 - multiple alignment
 - promoters
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text:
The 4412 is a wattmeter from Bird. A Wattmeter is an instrument for measuring the electric power (or the supply rate of electrical energy) in watts of any given circuit. Electromagnetic wattmeters are used for measurement of utility frequency and audio frequency power; other types are required for radio frequency measurements.
- Temperature-compensated accurate CW and FM power measurements from 200 kHz to 2.3 GHz and 2 mW to 10 KW
- Uses special 4410-series wide-range elements
- Wide-range accuracy over a 37 dB dynamic range
- Quick Change (QC) connectors to minimize the need for adapters when making critical measurements
The Bird 4412 uses the basic principles and "look and feel" of the Model 43 but transforms it into a highly accurate high dynamic range instrument. The mirrored-scale linear range meter has 2 switchable ranges, 0-1 and 0-3.
Power is read as a multiple of the value indicated by the pointer, the decimal point location depending upon the range switch position and the factor printed on the plug-in element. Power ranges covered by individual elements are 2 mW to 10 W, 20 mW to 100 W, 200 mW to 1 KW and 2 W to 10 KW, full scale. For most elements, accuracy is +/-5% anywhere above 20% of full scale. The circuitry operates from a rechargeable battery.


Cure Terms Glossary
Gelation is process of gel formation. In the process of cure, the onset of gelation is the point when the mix is no longer capable of flow (the no-flow condition). At this point, viscous and elastic character are in balance (storage & loss moduli equal in value) and the gel point can therefore be regarded as the half-way house between purely viscous and purely elastic states. In molecular terms, gelation occurs when an infinite network first forms.
Gelation is critically dependent on the functionality of the starting mix - i.e., the higher the initial functionality, then the earlier in the cure will gelation occur. The competition between intermolecular (crosslinking) and intramolecular (cyclisation) complicates matters and current theories focus on predicting a critical conversion, pc, below which gelation is not possible. One such expression estimates the critical conversion for gelation in stoichiometic cure effected by the stepwise reaction of two types of mutually reacting groups (i.e. A + B → C) as:
pc2 = 1 / (φ1 - 1) (φ2 - 1)
where pc is a fractional conversion (i.e. 0 - 1), and φ1 & φ2 are the average functionalities of the starting molecules
Unlike vitrification, there is no change in change in reactivity of the system on gelation.


simpar
A Python package for analyzing pandemic response measures
GitHub Page | Website
simpar (SIMulate PAndemic Response) simulates the spread of a disease through a heterogeneous population using an SIR model. The groups module can be used to manage a heterogeneous population comprised of "meta-groups" with varying contact levels. The tool focuses on providing functionality for assessing pandemic response strategies such as isolation protocols, testing regimes (with varying tests), and vaccination requirements. The Strategy class is used to define a potential strategy. The Scenario class is used to manage the parameters pertaining to a scenario under which a disease is spreading. This consists of a population, environment parameters (e.g. outside rate of infection), and disease parameters (e.g. symptomatic rate). Lastly, the Trajectory class offers methods to compute metrics on a simulation of some strategy applied to a scenario. For more details, see the Documentation.


# INSERT
# INSERT, ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE
INSERT INTO 'table_name'
 ('index_field', 'other_field_1', 'other_field_2')
 VALUES
 ('index_value', 'insert_value', 'other_value')
 ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE
 'other_field_1' = 'update_value',
 'other_field_2' = VALUES('other_field_2');
This will INSERT into table_name the specified values, but if the unique key already exists, it will update the other_field_1 to have a new value.
Sometimes, when updating on duplicate key it comes in handy to use VALUES() in order to access the original value that was passed to the INSERT instead of setting the value directly. This way, you can set different values by using INSERT and UPDATE. See the example above where other_field_1 is set to insert_value on INSERT or to update_value on UPDATE while other_field_2 is always set to other_value.
Crucial for the Insert on Duplicate Key Update (IODKU) to work is the schema containing a unique key that will signal a duplicate clash. This unique key can be a Primary Key or not. It can be a unique key on a single column, or a multi-column (composite key).
# Inserting multiple rows
INSERT INTO 'my_table' ('field_1', 'field_2') VALUES
 ('data_1', 'data_2'),
 ('data_1', 'data_3'),
 ('data_4', 'data_5');
This is an easy way to add several rows at once with one INSERT statement.
This kind of 'batch' insert is much faster than inserting rows one by one. Typically, inserting 100 rows in a single batch insert this way is 10 times as fast as inserting them all individually.
# Ignoring existing rows
When importing large datasets, it may be preferable under certain circumstances to skip rows that would usually cause the query to fail due to a column restraint e.g. duplicate primary keys. This can be done using INSERT IGNORE.
Consider following example database:
SELECT * FROM 'people';
--- Produces:
+----+------+
| id | name |
+----+------+
| 1 | john |
| 2 | anna |
+----+------+
INSERT IGNORE INTO 'people' ('id', 'name') VALUES
 ('2', 'anna'), --- Without the IGNORE keyword, this record would produce an error
 ('3', 'mike');
SELECT * FROM 'people';
--- Produces:
+----+--------+
| id | name |
+----+--------+
| 1 | john |
| 2 | anna |
| 3 | mike |
+----+--------+
The important thing to remember is that INSERT IGNORE will also silently skip other errors too, here is what Mysql official documentations says:
Data conversions that would trigger errors abort the statement if IGNORE is not > specified. With IGNORE, invalid values are adjusted to the closest values and >inserted; warnings are produced but the statement does not abort.
Note :- The section below is added for the sake of completeness, but is not considered best practice (this would fail, for example, if another column was added into the table).
If you specify the value of the corresponding column for all columns in the table, you can ignore the column list in the INSERT statement as follows:
INSERT INTO 'my_table' VALUES
 ('data_1', 'data_2'),
 ('data_1', 'data_3'),
 ('data_4', 'data_5');
# Basic Insert
INSERT INTO 'table_name' ('field_one', 'field_two') VALUES ('value_one', 'value_two');
In this trivial example, table_name is where the data are to be added, field_one and field_two are fields to set data against, and value_one and value_two are the data to do against field_one and field_two respectively.
It's good practice to list the fields you are inserting data into within your code, as if the table changes and new columns are added, your insert would break should they not be there
# INSERT with AUTO_INCREMENT + LAST_INSERT_ID()
When a table has an AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY, normally one does not insert into that column. Instead, specify all the other columns, then ask what the new id was.
CREATE TABLE t (
 id SMALLINT UNSIGNED AUTO_INCREMENT NOT NULL,
 this ...,
 that ...,
 PRIMARY KEY(id) );
INSERT INTO t (this, that) VALUES (..., ...);
SELECT LAST_INSERT_ID() INTO @id;
INSERT INTO another_table (..., t_id, ...) VALUES (..., @id, ...);
Note that LAST_INSERT_ID() is tied to the session, so even if multiple connections are inserting into the same table, each with get its own id.
Your client API probably has an alternative way of getting the LAST_INSERT_ID() without actually performing a SELECT and handing the value back to the client instead of leaving it in an @variable inside MySQL. Such is usually preferable.
Longer, more detailed, example
The "normal" usage of IODKU is to trigger "duplicate key" based on some UNIQUE key, not the AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY. The following demonstrates such. Note that it does not supply the id in the INSERT.
Setup for examples to follow:
CREATE TABLE iodku (
 id INT AUTO_INCREMENT NOT NULL,
 name VARCHAR(99) NOT NULL,
 misc INT NOT NULL,
 PRIMARY KEY(id),
 UNIQUE(name)
) ENGINE=InnoDB;
INSERT INTO iodku (name, misc)
 VALUES
 ('Leslie', 123),
 ('Sally', 456);
Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 2 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
+----+--------+------+
| id | name | misc |
+----+--------+------+
| 1 | Leslie | 123 |
| 2 | Sally | 456 |
+----+--------+------+
The case of IODKU performing an "update" and LAST_INSERT_ID() retrieving the relevant id:
INSERT INTO iodku (name, misc)
 VALUES
 ('Sally', 3333) -- should update
 ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE -- 'name' will trigger "duplicate key"
 id = LAST_INSERT_ID(id),
 misc = VALUES(misc);
SELECT LAST_INSERT_ID(); -- picking up existing value
+------------------+
| LAST_INSERT_ID() |
+------------------+
| 2 |
+------------------+
The case where IODKU performs an "insert" and LAST_INSERT_ID() retrieves the new id:
INSERT INTO iodku (name, misc)
 VALUES
 ('Dana', 789) -- Should insert
 ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE
 id = LAST_INSERT_ID(id),
 misc = VALUES(misc);
SELECT LAST_INSERT_ID(); -- picking up new value
+------------------+
| LAST_INSERT_ID() |
+------------------+
| 3 |
+------------------+
Resulting table contents:
SELECT * FROM iodku;
+----+--------+------+
| id | name | misc |
+----+--------+------+
| 1 | Leslie | 123 |
| 2 | Sally | 3333 | -- IODKU changed this
| 3 | Dana | 789 | -- IODKU added this
+----+--------+------+
# INSERT SELECT (Inserting data from another Table)
This is the basic way to insert data from another table with the SELECT statement.
INSERT INTO 'tableA' ('field_one', 'field_two')
 SELECT 'tableB'.'field_one', 'tableB'.'field_two'
 FROM 'tableB'
 WHERE 'tableB'.