text:
In the implementation of the recursive hybrid genetic algorithm in the time domain, numerical integration is essential for solving the differential equation. This procedure may result in a huge amount of computational effort since it is required to apply so many times as long as the evolutionary process is proceeded. To accelerate the identification process, a recursive hybrid GA in the frequency domain is developed. The time history of the measurement is divided into a series of time intervals, and then the model of equivalent linear system is employed to identify the modal parameters of the system for each time interval. The differential equation can be transformed into the frequency domain by Fourier transform and the response in the frequency domain can be solved by algebraic equations instead of differentials equations. The process of exploring this new algorithm is similar to that of recursive hybrid genetic algorithm in the time domain, by using the simulated SDOF system and MDOF system considering noise contamination. Finally, this new strategy is also applied to the identification of areal building.
The 5th Structural Engineers World Congress (SEWC 2015)


text:
Exercise 1: Write a complete program to read a string of characters from the standard input and insert them in the stack. Print the size of the stack when you are done after the stack is filled out. Then, print out to the screen all the vowels in reverse order.
Use classes and functions to do the above program.
Exercise 2: Write a program that takes marks of 10 students and store them in the stack then take out these from the stack and print the average of all the marks of 10 students.
Hint : make sure that every time you do a push operation you should check if the stack is not full and in pop operation you should check if the stack is not empty.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Documentation of menutext
Function Synopsis
answer = menutext(HeaderText, varargin);
Help text
 Generate a text menu of choices for user input (no graphical menu)
 Presents a text menu in the command window. The menu-items will be
 presented as a numbered list in the command window.
 The functionality is nearly identical to menu. However, no graphical
 menu is presented.
 Syntax: answer = menutext(HeaderText, varargin)
 Input parameter:
 HeaderTextString containing the header / descriptive question for the text menu
 varargin - multiple strings or cell array of strings containing the mnu options
 Output parameter:
 answer - Scalar containing thenumber of the selected menu option
 >> choice = menutext('Select function', 'objfun1', 'objfun2', 'objfun6')
 ----- Select function -----
 1) objfun1
 2) objfun1
 3) objfun1
 Select a menu number:
 The number entered by the user in response to the prompt is
 returned as choice (i.e. choice = 2 implies that the user selected objfun2).
 See also: menu
Cross-Reference Information
This function calls This function is called by
The Genetic and Evolutionary Algorithm Toolbox is not public domain.
© _PHONE_ Hartmut Pohlheim, All Rights Reserved, (


Familial Mediterranean Fever
INFORMATION FOR WOMEN WHO HAVE FAMILIAL MEDITERRANEAN FEVER DURING PREGNANCY OR BREASTFEEDING
The information provided below is for readers based in the United States of America. Readers outside of the United States of America should seek the information from local sources.
What is familial Mediterranean fever?
Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is a condition that is characterized by paroxysmal (sudden, intense) episodes of high fever (38-40°C or 100.4-104°F) and pain in the abdomen and other body parts (such as joints), typically lasting 48 96 hours. An attack of FMF can resemble acute appendicitis, cholecystitis (inflammation of the gallbladder), or kidney stones, fairly common conditions that also feature fever and pain in various parts of the abdomen. FMF episodes also can produce arthritis and gastrointestinal symptoms, and a problem called amyloidosis that causes disease in organs, such as the kidneys, and is related to the presence of a substance called amyloid-A in the blood. Episodes of FMF result from an autoimmune process (inappropriate action of the bodys own immune system) that attacks the outer layers of various organs. This is an inherited condition. FMF is seen in particular ethnic groups and is based on the presence of certain genetic sequences, notably mutations within a gene called MEFV. Since FMF symptoms almost always begin prior to age 40 (and often by the teenage years), the condition can easily coincide with pregnancy.
How common is FMF during pregnancy?
Although FMF is rare in the populations of western countries, it is common among particular ethnic groups. In certain populations of Armenians, for instance including Armenians of southern California (as well as Armenians in Lebanon), FMF occurs in 1 out of every 500 people; this is related to the presence of a mutation of the MEFV gene in 1 out of 7 people. In Turkish people, the FMF rate is somewhere between 1 per 150 to 1 per 10,000 people. Sephardic Jews have a rate between 1 per 250 and 1 per 1,000 people. Arabs, Greeks, and Italians also are known to have high rates of the disease, but the precise numbers are controversial. FMF also occurs in Ashkenazi Jews, but only at a rate of 1 per 73,000, so it is much rarer than in Sephardic Jews, although reports also suggest fairly high rates of FMF in Jews hailing from Arab countries. The take-home message of all of this is that if you are Armenian, Jewish, or have roots in a Middle Eastern or Mediterranean country its realistic that you could have FMF, and if you do have FMF it is likely that it will have struck by the time that you are in your reproductive years.
How is FMF diagnosed?
If you have a history of attacks of fever and pain in the abdomen and/or other locations in the body that have not led to the diagnosis of another condition, despite doctors working you up for other conditions with numerous tests, or if you have had a healthy appendix or healthy gallbladder removed, and if you are part of an ethnic group that is known to have a high rate of FMF, doctors will suspect that you have FMF. In such cases, you will be offered genetic testing to look at the MEFV gene. There are many known mutations of this gene, and the finding of any of them will support a diagnosis of FMF.
Does FMF cause problems during pregnancy?
In some women with FMF, the condition improves during pregnancy, but in other women, FMF can get worse in terms of the intensity of the attacks of pain and fever. The pain attacks in the abdomen can be the result of peritonitis, which also can trigger very early contractions of the uterus, leading to a spontaneous abortion (miscarriage). In addition to the fact that high fever can cause dehydration, the amyloid A that circulates in the blood in connection with FMF can lead to damage and ultimately failure of internal organs, such as (but not limited to) the kidneys.
FMF is notorious for causing unnecessary surgical procedures, such as an appendectomy on a healthy appendix, or a cholecystectomy of a healthy gallbladder.
Does FMF during pregnancy cause problems for the baby?
An FMF attack that includes peritonitis can trigger a spontaneous abortion (miscarriage), resulting in the loss of the baby. Additionally, fever itself can be harmful to the developing baby. Some studies have suggested that fever during pregnancy can increase a babys risk of having congenital defects involving the heart and other organs. Also, a recent study identified maternal fever as a possible risk for the baby developing autism spectrum disorder.
What to consider about taking medications when you are pregnant:
 - The risks to yourself and your baby if you do not treat the FMF
 - The risks and benefits of each medication you use when you are pregnant
 - The risks and benefits of each medication you use when you are breastfeeding
What should I know about using medication to treat my FMF during pregnancy?
Treatment for FMF consists of an anti-inflammatory drug called colchicine, which is thought to be safe for the developing baby.
Who should NOT stop taking medication for FMF during pregnancy?
Any woman whose FMF is under control from colchicine should continue taking the medication as normal throughout pregnancy.
What should I know about choosing a medication for my FMF during pregnancy?
You may find Pregistrys expert reports about the individual medications to treat FMF here. Additional information can also be found in the sources listed at the end of this report.
What should I know about taking a medication for my FMF when I am breastfeeding?
Colchicine has been found to be safe during breastfeeding.
What alternative therapies besides medications can I use to treat my FMF during pregnancy?
There are no alternatives to anti-inflammatory medication.
What can I do for myself and my baby when I have FMF during pregnancy?
Be very aware that you have a condition that easily is confused with abdominal conditions that are considered emergencies and are treated with surgery. Doctors may lead you to discuss your history or family history, or the fact that you have, or may have, FMF, but this often depends on the location of the emergency room or delivery room that you are visiting. If you are in a geographic location with few people from Mediterranean, or Middle Eastern lands, its quite realistic that FMF might not be considered in a pregnant woman with fever and abdominal pain, so you should be proactive in being part of the conversation.
Resources for FMF in pregnancy:
For more information about FMF during and after pregnancy, contact _URL_ _PHONE_ [TDD: _PHONE_]) or read the following articles:

Read the whole report
General information
It is very common for women to worry about having a miscarriage or giving birth to a child with a birth defect while they are pregnant. Many decisions that women make about their health during pregnancy are made with these concerns in mind.
For many women these concerns are very real. As many as 1 in 5 pregnancies end in a miscarriage, and 1 in 33 babies are born with a birth defect. These rates are considered the background population risk, which means they do not take into consideration anything about the health of the mom, the medications she is taking, or the family history of the mom or the baby's dad. A number of different things can increase these risks, including taking certain medications during pregnancy.
It is known that most medications, including over-the-counter medications, taken during pregnancy do get passed on to the baby. Fortunately, most medicines are not harmful to the baby and can be safely taken during pregnancy. But there are some that are known to be harmful to a baby's normal development and growth, especially when they are taken during certain times of the pregnancy. Because of this, it is important to talk with your doctor or midwife about any medications you are taking, ideally before you even try to get pregnant.
If a doctor other than the one caring for your pregnancy recommends that you start a new medicine while you are pregnant, it is important that you let them know you are pregnant.
If you do need to take a new medication while pregnant, it is important to discuss the possible risks the medicine may pose on your pregnancy with your doctor or midwife. They can help you understand the benefits and the risks of taking the medicine.
Ultimately, the decision to start, stop, or change medications during pregnancy is up to you to make, along with input from your doctor or midwife. If you do take medications during pregnancy, be sure to keep track of all the medications you are taking.
Read articles about Familial Mediterranean Fever


Beware of Condominium Hurdles for Mortgages
Beware of Condominium Hurdles for Mortgages
Beware of Condominium Hurdles for Mortgages
A condominium is a specific property type and the term can have a different meaning in different regions of the country. In Tucson, we see the term applied to a building with:
 - Multiple-units
 - Each unit is individually owned
 - Each owner receives a recordable deed to the unit purchased, including the right to sell, mortgage, etc.,
 - Owner of the unit has joint ownership of any common grounds, passageways, etc.
Since the term: "Condo" is generally understood to mean something like an apartment, we often see the title of a property project mislabeled. The only way we know for sure if a home is a condo or not is by reviewing the legal description as recorded with the county. That gives us the surest way of knowing if something is truly a condo, townhome or single family house.
The distinction is important for lending purposes. There are more hurdles to clear if a home is a condo. As with all loans, a mortgage lender will evaluate the borrower's credit and financial status.The lender will also need to determine the value of the home is sufficient collateral for the loan. Additionally, on a condo, the lender must evaluate the financial strength of the condo's homeowner's association (HOA). Since much of the value is tied to the physical structure, which is maintained by the HOA for a condo, the lender needs to know there is sufficient resources for the upkeep. It is possible a borrower to have excellent credit and financial portfolio and not be able to obtain a mortgage because the HOA is unable to provide enough information to satisfy the lending guidelines
The type of loan and the purpose of buyers purchase will impact how much information is required to be verified.
 - FHA and VA will only lend on previously approved projects
 - There are only a small number of condos in Tucson approved or FHA or VA
 - Conventional loans have more flexibility and allow for lenders to review the HOA if it hasn't already been approved.
If using a conventional loan, the lender is required to complete a full or limited review on the property – A limited review has a much higher success rate – The determining factors of which review is needed are:
 - Whether the home is used as a primary, secondary or investment home
 - How much of down payment is being made.
 - is the complex new or existing.
Financing on a condominium happens all the time and isn't something to keep you from considering them as your next home purchase. Make sure to have a clear conversation with your lender and know the best path to approval. If a full review is needed, it would be better to get it done early in the process.
Contact us for additional information or any questions about the process.


text:
RICOH's Image Enhancement technology expresses the beauty of the property or facility
Increase the resolution of images while preserving the details
Correct the brightness of dark images while maintaining the highlight details
Intelligently removes image noise delivering incredible quality
RICOH's original image processing technology delivers stunning automatic enhancement
A 360 ° camera has the advantage of capturing the entire scene and allows the user to see wherever they like but when the image is enlarged its resolution decreases comapred to a regular digital camera
With the advancements in image processing technologies of digital cameras that RICOH has been producing for many years and letting AI learn a dataset that pairs 360-degree images from RICOH THETA with high-quality images from RICOH GR digital camera, we have developed an intelligent image processing technology that greatly enhances the quality of an image
This technology was presented by Ricoh Group researchers at the OmniCV (* 2) workshop at CVPR2020 (* 1), a major international conference on computer vision, held on June 15, 2020. We announced the result of our activities on super-resolution technology for 360° images using AI.
* 1: The Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. A prestigious computer vision and pattern recognition conference regarded as one of the most influential in its field convenes thousands from the Global AI, Machine Learning and Computer Vision Community.
* 2: Explanation of Omnidirectional Computer Vision in Research and Industry

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Recycling Orchestra Plays Mozart With Garbage
Sonidos de la Tierra/Video screen capture
It may be a long way from Paraguay's sprawling garbage dumps to the stately concert halls of Europe, but for one group of talented youths the distance isn't so vast -- after all, if music comes from the heart then it really doesn't matter if the instruments are made of trash.
The immensely talented 'Orchestra of Recycled Instruments' seems to have perfected symphonies of several classical composers, while at the same time perfecting the art of reuse. Thanks to an innovative program, called Sonidos de la Tierra, needy kids across the country are learning to change their lives through music and recycling.
Sonidos de la Tierra (translated as 'Sounds of the Earth') was first organized in 2002 as a way of educating young people from poor and underdeveloped regions of Paraguay through the shared experience of creating music.
Since then, the program has grown to reach over 3,000 children from 72 of the nation's poorest communities -- bringing with it the unique joy and personal satisfaction that comes with working to master a musical instrument.
With the help of more than 100 international sponsors, Sonidos de la Tierra has been able to put otherwise out of reach classical instruments into the hands of needy Paraguayan youths -- but perhaps the program's greatest contribution comes in special workshops that teach them how to make those instruments themselves, out of recycled materials.
So far, the Orchestra of Recycled Instruments may be the most widely known group of musicians to arise from Sonidos de la Tierra, having played over 80 concerts both in Paraguay and abroad.


NAME Class::C3 - A pragma to use the C3 method resolution order algorithm SYNOPSIS # NOTE - DO NOT USE Class::C3 directly as a user, use MRO::Compat instead! package ClassA; use Class::C3; sub hello { 'A::hello' } package ClassB; use base 'ClassA'; use Class::C3; package ClassC; use base 'ClassA'; use Class::C3; sub hello { 'C::hello' } package ClassD; use base ('ClassB', 'ClassC'); use Class::C3; # Classic Diamond MI pattern # # / \ # # \ / # package main; # initializez the C3 module # (formerly called in INIT) Class::C3::initialize(); print join ','=> Class::C3::calculateMRO('ClassD'); # prints ClassD, ClassB, ClassC, ClassA print ClassD->hello(); # prints 'C::hello' instead of the standard p5 'A::hello' ClassD->can('hello')->(); # can() also works correctly UNIVERSAL::can('ClassD', 'hello'); # as does UNIVERSAL::can() DESCRIPTION This is pragma to change Perl 5's standard method resolution order from depth-first left-to-right (a.k.a - pre-order) to the more sophisticated C3 method resolution order. NOTE: YOU SHOULD NOT USE THIS MODULE DIRECTLY - The feature provided is integrated into perl version >= 5.9.5, and you should use MRO::Compat instead, which will use the core implementation in newer perls, but fallback to using this implementation on older perls. What is C3? C3 is the name of an algorithm which aims to provide a sane method resolution order under multiple inheritance. It was first introduced in the language Dylan (see links in the "SEE ALSO" section), and then later adopted as the preferred MRO (Method Resolution Order) for the new-style classes in Python 2.3. Most recently it has been adopted as the 'canonical' MRO for Perl 6 classes, and the default MRO for Parrot objects as well. How does C3 work. C3 works by always preserving local precedence ordering. This essentially means that no class will appear before any of its subclasses. Take the classic diamond inheritance pattern for instance: / \ \ / The standard Perl 5 MRO would be (D, B, A, C). The result being that A appears before C, even though C is the subclass of A. The C3 MRO algorithm however, produces the following MRO (D, B, C, A), which does not have this same issue. This example is fairly trivial, for more complex examples and a deeper explanation, see the links in the "SEE ALSO" section. How does this module work? This module uses a technique similar to Perl 5's method caching. When "Class::C3::initialize" is called, this module calculates the MRO of all the classes which called "use Class::C3". It then gathers information from the symbol tables of each of those classes, and builds a set of method aliases for the correct dispatch ordering. Once all these C3-based method tables are created, it then adds the method aliases into the local classes symbol table. The end result is actually classes with pre-cached method dispatch. However, this caching does not do well if you start changing your _USER_ or messing with class symbol tables, so you should consider your classes to be effectively closed. See the CAVEATS section for more details. OPTIONAL LOWERCASE PRAGMA This release also includes an optional module c3 in the opt/ folder. I did not include this in the regular install since lowercase module names are considered *"bad"* by some people. However I think that code looks much nicer like this: package MyClass; use c3; This is more clunky: package MyClass; use Class::C3; But hey, it's your choice, that's why it is optional. FUNCTIONS calculateMRO ($class) Given a $class this will return an array of class names in the proper C3 method resolution order. initialize This must be called to initialize the C3 method dispatch tables, this module will not work if you do not do this. It is advised to do this as soon as possible after loading any classes which use C3. Here is a quick code example: package Foo; use Class::C3; #... Foo methods here package Bar; use Class::C3; use base 'Foo'; #... Bar methods here package main; Class::C3::initialize(); # now it is safe to use Foo and Bar This function used to be called automatically for you in the INIT phase of the perl compiler, but that lead to warnings if this module was required at runtime. After discussion with my user base (the DBIx::Class folks), we decided that calling this in INIT was more of an annoyance than a convenience. I apologize to anyone this causes problems for (although I would be very surprised if I had any other users other than the DBIx::Class folks). The simplest solution of course is to define your own INIT method which calls this function. NOTE: If "initialize" detects that "initialize" has already been executed, it will "uninitialize" and clear the MRO cache first. uninitialize Calling this function results in the removal of all cached methods, and the restoration of the old Perl 5 style dispatch order (depth-first, left-to-right). reinitialize This is an alias for "initialize" above. METHOD REDISPATCHING It is always useful to be able to re-dispatch your method call to the "next most applicable method". This module provides a pseudo package along the lines of "SUPER::" or "NEXT::" which will re-dispatch the method along the C3 linearization. This is best shown with an example. # a classic diamond MI pattern... # # / \ # # \ / # package A; use c3; sub foo { 'A::foo' } package B; use base 'A'; use c3; sub foo { 'B::foo => '. (shift)->next::method() } package C; use base 'A'; use c3; sub foo { 'C::foo => '. (shift)->next::method() } package D; use base ('B', 'C'); use c3; sub foo { 'D::foo => '. (shift)->next::method() } print D->foo; # prints out "D::foo => B::foo => C::foo => A::foo" A few things to note. First, we do not require you to add on the method name to the "next::method" call (this is unlike "NEXT::" and "SUPER::" which do require that). This helps to enforce the rule that you cannot dispatch to a method of a different name (this is how "NEXT::" behaves as well). The next thing to keep in mind is that you will need to pass all arguments to "next::method". It can not automatically use the current _USER_. If "next::method" cannot find a next method to re-dispatch the call to, it will throw an exception. You can use "next::can" to see if "next::method" will succeed before you call it like so: $self->next::method(_USER_) if $self->next::can; Additionally, you can use "maybe::next::method" as a shortcut to only call the next method if it exists. The previous example could be simply written as: $self->maybe::next::method(_USER_); There are some caveats about using "next::method", see below for those. CAVEATS This module used to be labeled as *experimental*, however it has now been pretty heavily tested by the good folks over at DBIx::Class and I am confident this module is perfectly usable for whatever your needs might be. But there are still caveats, so here goes... Use of "SUPER::". The idea of "SUPER::" under multiple inheritance is ambiguous, and generally not recommended anyway. However, its use in conjunction with this module is very much not recommended, and in fact very discouraged. The recommended approach is to instead use the supplied "next::method" feature, see more details on its usage above. Changing _USER_. It is the author's opinion that changing _USER_ at runtime is pure insanity anyway. However, people do it, so I must caveat. Any changes to the _USER_ will not be reflected in the MRO calculated by this module, and therefore probably won't even show up. If you do this, you will need to call "reinitialize" in order to recalculate all method dispatch tables. See the "reinitialize" documentation and an example in t/20_reinitialize.t for more information. Adding/deleting methods from class symbol tables. This module calculates the MRO for each requested class by interrogating the symbol tables of said classes. So any symbol table manipulation which takes place after our INIT phase is run will not be reflected in the calculated MRO. Just as with changing the _USER_, you will need to call "reinitialize" for any changes you make to take effect. Calling "next::method" from methods defined outside the class There is an edge case when using "next::method" from within a subroutine which was created in a different module than the one it is called from. It sounds complicated, but it really isn't. Here is an example which will not work correctly: *Foo::foo = sub { (shift)->next::method(_USER_) }; The problem exists because the anonymous subroutine being assigned to the glob *


feast ones eyes
any rich or abundant meal: The steak dinner was a feast.
a sumptuous entertainment or meal for many guests: a wedding feast.
something highly agreeable: The Rembrandt exhibition was a feast for the eyes.
a periodical celebration or time of celebration, usually of a religious nature, commemorating an event, person, etc.: Every year, in September, the townspeople have a feast in honor of their patron saint.
verb (used without object)
to have or partake of a feast; eat sumptuously.
to dwell with gratification or delight, as on a picture or view.
verb (used with object)
to provide or entertain with a feast.
feast one's eyes, to gaze with great joy, admiration, or relish: to feast one's eyes on the Grand Canyon.
1150–1200; Middle English feste < Old French < Latin fēsta, neuter plural (taken as feminine singular noun) of fēstus festal, festive, equivalent to fēs- (akin to fair2) + -tus adj. suffix
feaster, noun
feastless, adjective
outfeast, verb (used with object)
overfeast, verb
prefeast, noun
unfeasted, adjective
2. Feast, banquet imply large social events, with an abundance of food. A feast is a meal with a plenteous supply of food and drink for a large company: to provide a feast for all company employees. A banquet is an elaborate feast for a formal and ceremonious occasion: the main speaker at a banquet.
Dictionary.com Unabridged
Cite This Source Link To feast ones eyes
World English Dictionary
feast (fiːst)
1. a large and sumptuous meal, usually given as an entertainment for several people
2. a periodic religious celebration
3. something extremely pleasing or sumptuous: a feast for the eyes
4. movable feast a festival or other event of variable date
vb (foll by on)
5. (intr)
 a. to eat a feast
 b. (usually foll by on) to enjoy the eating (of), as if feasting: to feast on cakes
6. (tr) to give a feast to
7. to take great delight (in): to feast on beautiful paintings
8. (tr) to regale or delight: to feast one's mind or one's eyes
[C13: from Old French feste, from Latin festa, neuter plural (later assumed to be feminine singular) of festus joyful; related to Latin fānum temple, fēriae festivals]
Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 10th Edition
Cite This Source
Word Origin & History
c.1200, from O.Fr. feste "festival, feast," from V.L. *festa (fem. sing.), from L. festa "holidays, feasts," from neut. pl. of festus "festive, joyful, merry," related to feriæ "holiday" and fanum "temple." The spelling -eawas used in M.E. to represent the sound we mis-call "long e." The verb
first attested c.1300. Related: Feasted; feasting.
Online Etymology Dictionary, © 2010 Douglas Harper
Cite This Source
Bible Dictionary
Feast definition
Easton's 1897 Bible Dictionary
Cite This Source
Copyright © 2014 Dictionary.com, LLC. All rights reserved.
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Why Is Paintball Fun?
Why should you play paintball?
Reasons to play paintball
 - SOCIAL. rnPaintball is a social game, it's a chance to get away from every life and spend some time with friends or developing new relationships.
 - ADRENALINE. rnPaintball provides such an adrenaline rush and a sense of adventure.
 - FUN.
Do paintballs really hurt?
Is paintball a good hobby?
Paintball is an active sport. While there are periods of sitting, hiding and waiting, there are lots of times to run, sprint, jump and move. It provides an excellent chance to get exercise and get your heart rate up. As long as you remember to stretch, then the exercise is always going to be great for your body.
You might be interested: Quick Answer: Where Can I Fill My Paintball Hpa Tank In Connecticut?
Can paintballs kill you?
How long do people paintball for?
The average game of paintball lasts around 15 minutes. There are some paintball games, such as speedball and capture the flag, that can be over in just a few minutes, and there are some specialty woodsball and rec ball games that can last up to 30+ minutes.
How do you treat a paintball bruise?
Here are some treatment tips to follow:
 1. Wash the affected area. Before administering treatment, wash a paintball bruise or welt with warm soapy water.
 2. Apply a warm or cold compress.
 3. Take over-the-counter pain medication.
 4. Elevate the affected area.
 5. Soak in Epsom salt.
 6. Topical natural remedies.
Can a 13 year old play paintball?
What hurts more a BB gun or a paintball gun?
After talking to many different airsoft and paintball players, I assessed which sport had more pain associated with getting shot. What I found: paintballs hurt more than airsoft BBs. Actually a LOT more. Both airsoft and paintball guns shoot around 300-400 fps.
You might be interested: FAQ: What Does A Longer Barrel Do To A Paintball Gun?
What should a girl wear to paintball?
What Girls Wear to Play Paintball
 - Sweatpants with leggings underneath.
 - Layers (tank top, long sleeve shirt, sweatshirt)
 - Padded bra or chest protector.
 - High ponytail or low braids.
 - Dark colors for camouflage.
 - Clothes that can get dirty.
 - Comfortable athletic shoes.
 - Flexible and padded gloves.
Is paintball an expensive hobby?
Yes, paintball can be an expensive sport or hobby. Paintballs themselves range in cost from 30-60 dollars per box. Many different costs go into playing paintball. It requires specific gear, clothing, and a paintball specific location.
What is the most expensive paintball gun?
Top 7 Most Expensive Paintball Guns of 2021
 - RAP4 Breda M37 8mm Paintball Machine Gun – $4,999.
 - RAP4 T68 M240 Paintball Machine Gun – $4,499.
 - Planet Eclipse Geo CSR – $1,795.
 - Planet Eclipse Geo CS1 – $1,595.
 - Dye M2 MOSAir – $1,595.
 - DLX Luxe Ice – $1,499.
 - Dye Assault Matrix DAM – $1,499.
Is paintball better than airsoft?
Can a paintball gun kill a rat?
Can a frozen paintball kill?
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Can a airsoft gun kill you?


Number of organisations founded per year since 1945 (all regions)
By Clara Egger
This graph shows the total number of humanitarian organisations created per year since World War Two. 94% of the organisations in the HOD have been created since 1945, with only a few earlier records, such as the Order of Malta created in 1099.
We see how some critical historical turning points and world events impact on humanitarian action. For example :
 - The time period immediately following the end of the WW2 (_PHONE_) corresponds to the structuring of the United Nations system, composed of many diverse humanitarian agencies. 74 organisations were created between 1945 and 1951.
 - The decade separating the mid 1960s from the mid 1970s (_PHONE_) reflects the combined impact of the May 68 movement on transnational solidarity and anti-war movements in Europe and the USA. Decolonization of Asia and Africa during this period also gave birth to new states who developed their own humanitarian capacity (at the societal and governmental level).
 - The decade ranging from the mid eighties to the mid nineties(_PHONE_) marks the end of the Cold War and a rise of humanitarian interventions in conflicts including Afghanistan, the Balkans, Rwanda and Somalia.
 - The mid 2000s to 2010s link with the NATO and US intervention in Afghanistan, Iraq and later the Libyan and Syrian civil wars which have led to a dramatic increase in refugees and organisations responding to their needs.
This Expertise Note was contributed by Dr Clara Egger in collaboration with the Humanitarian Encyclopedia team, based on analysis of the Humanitarian Organisation Database (HOD).
Last update : Mar 23, 2021
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Raman spectroscopy analyses of road construction materials
Hoveddokument
Solids used in road construction were analyzed with a hand-held Raman spectrometer. The materials examined are conventional pigments and resins, e.g., CaCO3, TiO2 and DEGALAN®. The measured spectra differ considerably from one another. In order to assess the main differences between the chemical structures, the peaks of the spectra were assigned to the functional groups that generated them.


When I first read about the microSD card feature of the Gen6 board that comes with the Portabee 3d-printer I regarded it as totaly useless. But after a lot of mysterious connection problems between Pronterface and the Portabee during the print apparently triggered by other electrical appliances in the same room I started to investigate the issue.
Sometimes, when I switched on the lights of the room or my soldering iron the Portabee stopped. Pronterface showed an error message which said something about a connection problem. Pronterface was not able to connect to the printer again and I needed to restart both! the printer and the PC. This problem was caused by electromagnetic interferences to the Gen6 board. USB is quite prone to EMI effects via the power line. Large motors, a fan for example, starting and stopping on the same ring main can cause power spikes and knock out the USB connection. I searched the Internet and found a lot of suggestions like buying an uninterruptable power supply or making a shielded case for the board and connect it to ground or buying a higher quality usb cable or just shorten the usb cable. But a different solution seems much easier: Print from an microSD card.
How it works
Format the microSD card to the FAT32 format. Copy the GCode files to the microSD card. For the GCode files use file names in the 8.3 format. That means the file name must have at most eight characters, optionally followed by a period . and a filename extension of at most three characters. Example: FOO.G. Check the microSD card for hidden files and folders and remove them. My Linux distribution automatically created a .Trash folder which caused a lot of problems. Insert the microSD card in the board. If you are using Pronterface select SD and SD Print. Pronterface will show a list where you can select the GCode file and start the print. Pronterface will then show the progress and the temparatures during the print and allow to stop the print process. But be aware to never disconnect the USB cable from the PC during the print because the Portabee 3d-printer will stop.


Personal tools
Generic number type
From HaskellWiki
Revision as of 16:11, 20 June 2007 by Byorgey (Talk | contribs)
Jump to: navigation, search
1 Problem
Can I have a generic numeric data type in Haskell which covers
Answer: In principle you can define a type like
data GenericNumber =
 Integer Integer
 | Rational Rational
 | Double Double
and define appropriate instances for
class et. al.
That is, when using
s you will encounter exactly the problems
type would also negate the type safety that strongly typed numbers provide, putting the burden back on the programmer to make sure they are using numbers in a type-safe way. This can lead to subtle and hard-to-find bugs, for example, if some code ends up comparing two floating-point values for equality (usually a bad idea) without the programmer realizing it.
2 Solutions
2.1 average
average xs = sum xs / fromIntegral (length xs)
and you may prefer
average :: [GenericNumber] -> GenericNumber
average xs = sum xs / genericNumberLength xs
with an appropriate implementation of
. However, there is already
and you can write
average xs = sum xs / genericLength xs
2.2 ratios
You find it easy to write
1 / 3 :: Rational
but uncomfortable that
1 / floor pi :: Rational
does not work.
The first example works, because the numeric literals
are interpreted as rationals itself. The second example fails, because
always returns an
number type, where
is not an instance. You should use
instead. This constructs a fraction out of two integers:
1 % 3 :: Rational
1 % floor pi :: Rational
2.3 isSquare
It may seem irksome that
is required in the function
With a
type, one could instead write
isSquare :: GenericNumber -> Bool
isSquare n = (floor. sqrt $ n) ^ 2 == n
but there is a subtle problem here: if the input happens to be represented internally by a non-integral type, this function will probably not work properly. This could be fixed by wrapping all occurrences of
by calls to
, but that's no easier (and less type-safe) than just including the call to
in the first place. The point is that by using
here, all opportunities for the type checker to warn you of problems is lost; now you, the programmer, must ensure that the underlying numeric types are always used correctly, which is made even harder by the fact that you can't inspect them.
3 See also


text:
William Randolph Hearst
THE MAN WHO BUILT THE NATION'S LARGEST NEWSPAPER CHAIN
Who is William Randolph Hearst?
He was born in April 29th, 1863. He is american newspaper publisher who built the nation's largest newspaper chain. He is a very influential person in the journalism industry. He received top notch education because his father was a multimillionaire. He was once expelled from Harvard.
Hearst was given full control of the San Francisco Examiner that was passed down from his father. Shortly after that, William moved to New York City and acquired the New York Journal and got into a rivalry with another famous publisher named Joseph Pulitzer. Joseph Pulitzer used to be Hearst's mentor. Later on, William Hearst created the Yellow Journalism. This became to be one of the largest chains.
At his peak, Hearst had around 30 different papers in major cities. After creating a large base, he decided to expand the business by working with magazines. One of the ways that Hearst's Paper became so popular is because he would take stories and dramatize them in such a way that people would go back to his paper for the scoop.
Spanish War and William Randolph Hearst
William's papers exaggerated the talk about the U.S.'s ships sinking in Havana Harbor on February 15th, 1898. At that time, that was a huge milestone for Yellow Journalism on the newspaper industry.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
In theory, a 5-gallon jug filled completely with $100 bills can contain a total of $980,000. If the jug is filled with $1 coins, it could hold a total of $33,333. The amount varies widely depending on the combination of coins and bills used to fill the jug.
Based on measurements, a stack of 100 $100 bills is 6 inches long by 2.5 inches wide by 0.43 inches tall, giving the stack a volume of 11.785 cubic centimeters. A 5-gallon jug contains the equivalent of 1,155 cubic inches. Dividing 1,155 cubic inches by 11.785 cubic inches per stack of bills gives a total of 98 stacks of $10,000. Multiplying 98 stacks by $10,000 gives a total of $980,000. The same process can be used to find the volume of $1 coins contained in a 5-gallon space.


text:
تجزیه و تحلیل رگرسیونی از نشخوار فکری ناسازگارانه، ادراک بیماری و نتایج عاطفی منفی در بیماران آسیایی مبتلا به اختلال افسردگی
|کد مقاله||سال انتشار||مقاله انگلیسی||ترجمه فارسی||تعداد کلمات|
|31420||2014||صفحه PDF||سفارش دهید||محاسبه نشده|
Publisher : Elsevier - Science Direct (الزویر - ساینس دایرکت)
Journal : Asian Journal of Psychiatry, Volume 12, December 2014, Pages 69–76
Although illness perception has been shown to be associated with illness outcomes in various chronic physical diseases, the association of illness perception and rumination are not well elucidated in mental disorders. This study aims to investigate the mediational effects of adaptive and maladaptive rumination in the relationship between illness perception and negative emotions (depression, anxiety and stress) in male and female patients (N = 110) suffering from depressive disorders. The results showed that maladaptive rumination mediated the relationship between illness perception and negative emotions in both male and female depressive patients. However, no mediating effects of adaptive rumination were found in the relationship between illness perception and negative emotion. Maladaptive rumination mediated the relationship between perceived identity, chronicity of illness, consequences of illness and emotional representation of illness and negative emotions in males. It also mediated the relationship between perceived identity and emotional representation of illness and negative emotions in females. The results, possible clinical implications and limitations of this study are also discussed.
Illness perception is the cognitive and emotional representations (Godoy-Izquierdo et al., 2007 and Petrie et al., 2007) that one has to make sense of their illness. It involves a cognitive component that can significantly impair one's ability to manage illness coping strategies and outcomes (Leventhal et al., 1992 and Philip et al., 2009). Illness perception has been shown to be associated with depression in patients with physical and chronic illness (Peterson et al., 1991, Godoy-Izquierdo et al., 2007, Husain et al., 2008 and Le Grande et al., 2012). However, there are limited studies examining the role of illness perception in depressive disorders (Lobban et al., 2002, Fortune et al., 2004 and Philip et al., 2009). Since depression is associated with stressful and negative life events which frequently involve the impairment of multiple domains of one's daily functioning and well-being (Blazer et al., 2005), it is likely that the illness perception of a depressed individual will influence the individual's illness coping style and self-management strategies, which will in turn affect depression outcomes. Rumination is a response coping style that is prolonged and characterized by recurrent negative thoughts and mood that one has about his illness symptoms, causes and consequences (Nolen-Hoeksema, 1991 and Nolen-Hoeksema, 1998). There are many established evidence to show significant association between rumination and depression (Muris et al., 2005, Roelofs et al., 2008, de Jong-Meyer et al., 2009 and Michl et al., 2013). Rumination is reliably associated with vulnerability to depressed mood, onsets of depressive episodes, longer and more severe episodes of depression, as well as various depressive symptoms such as insomnia and suicidal thoughts (Gotlib et al., 1996, Abramson et al., 2002 and Morrison and O'Connor, 2008). While ruminative coping has been indicated to be maladaptive in depressive disorders in general, recent studies have suggested that depressive rumination is a multidimensional construct with both adaptive and maladaptive components (Watkins and Teasdale, 2004, Watkins et al., 2008, Di Schiena et al., 2011, Di Schiena et al., 2012 and Hamilton et al., 2011). Some researchers believe that rumination serves an adaptive function of goal progress by reducing the discrepancy between current negative health state and desired future goal in some patients (Fortune et al., 2004). This concept is based on the premise that these patients are active problem solvers who constructively ruminate about how to improve their health. The coping strategies they select are guided by their interpretation and evaluation of their illness. The outcome of these behaviours is then evaluated and fed back into their model of the illness, and/or used to shape future coping responses. Most research however chose to focus primarily on rumination as a maladaptive process (Yoon and Joormann, 2012). Out of most forms of self-focused attention, rumination was most strongly and consistently linked to depressive symptoms (Mor and Winquist, 2002). Abramson et al. (2002) argued that cognitive vulnerabilities found in depressed individuals make it difficult for them to disengage from the self-regulatory process, thus trapping them in a cycle of ruminative thoughts instead of attaining the desired goal. The debate is still ongoing about whether rumination is an adaptive coping response or a detrimental form of emotional regulation (Nolen-Hoeksema et al., 2008). Maladaptive rumination is characterized by negative inferential or attribution styles, dysfunctional attitudes, hopelessness, pessimism, self-criticism, low mastery, dependency, neediness, and neuroticism (Ciesla and Roberts, 2002, Flett et al., 2002, Lam et al., 2003, Lyubomirsky and Nolen-Hoeksema, 1995, Lyubomirsky et al., 1999, Nolen-Hoeksema and Jackson, 2001, Robinson and Alloy, 2003 and Spasojevic and Alloy, 2001). Engaging in benign and positive distractions such as watching a movie with friends is associated with adaptive rumination coping as it diverts attention away from the negative emotions and reduces negative effect of their disorder (Nolen-Hoeksema, 1991). Women are found to be more likely to ruminate than men (Butler and Nolen-Hoeksema, 1994, Grant et al., 2004, Nolen-Hoeksema and Davis, 1999, Nolen-Hoeksema and Jackson, 2001, Roberts et al., 1998 and Ziegert and Kistner, 2002), and they are more likely to develop major depressive disorders than men (Cyranowski et al., 2000). In addition, women reported higher levels of depressive moods than men (Nolen-Hoeksema, 1994). This may be because women focus more on their own emotions than men (Calmes and Roberts, 2008) and that they are more likely to use maladaptive rumination coping that prevails their negative emotions and symptoms. This leads us to our third hypothesis stated in the following paragraph. Given the recurring and chronic nature of depression, information on illness perception would be highly useful when attempting to improve treatment efficacy, increase medication adherence, and reduce the occurrence of relapse episodes (Brown et al., 2001). In this present study, we aim to examine the relationship between illness perception, rumination and negative emotions in male and female patients with depressive disorders. Specifically, the following hypotheses will be tested: (1) the various dimensions of illness perception will have significant associations with negative emotional symptoms such as depression, anxiety and stress levels; (2) this relationship will be mediated by the patients' ruminative coping responses; and (3) the nature of this hypothesized mediational model will differ for men and women, such that maladaptive rumination emerges as a stronger mediator for women, while adaptive rumination is a stronger mediator for men.


text:
A study of the vapor-and particle-phase sulfur species in the heavy-duty diesel engine EGR cooler
Department of Mechanical Engineering-Engineering Mechanics; Department of Biological Sciences
To meet future NO, heavy-duty diesel emissions standards, exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) technology is likely to be used. To improve fuel economy and further lower emissions, the recirculated exhaust gas needs to be cooled, with the possibility that cooling of the exhaust gas may form sulfuric acid condensate in the EGR cooler. This corrosive condensate can cause EGR cooler failure and consequentially result in severe damage to the engine. Both a literature review and a preliminary experimental study were conducted. In this study, a manually controlled EGR system was installed on a 1995 Cummins Ml l-330E engine which was operated at EPA mode 9* (1800 rpm and 75% load). The Goksoyr-Ross method (1)* was used to measure the particle-phase sulfate and vapor-phase H2SO4 and SO2 at the inlet and outlet locations of the EGR cooler, obtaining H2SO 4 and SO2 concentrations. About 0.5% of fuel sulfur in the EGR cooler was in the particle-phase. The remaining fuel sulfur was as SO 2 and vapor phase sulfuric acid. The particle phase sulfate concentrations were higher at the outlet location of the EGR cooler indicating conversion of SO2 to sulfate as the exhaust gas is cooled.
SAE Technical Papers
A study of the vapor-and particle-phase sulfur species in the heavy-duty diesel engine EGR cooler.
SAE Technical Papers.
Retrieved from: _URL_


The Shifting Formula
The Shifting Formula
There are a lot of method books that help students with beginning shifting. When I was just starting out as a teacher, it was overwhelming the amount of shifting materials I could find. But although many books contained helpful exercises in practicing shifting, there was nothing that actually explained how to shift. When I was in graduate school, I had already been shifting for about a decade and had gotten some great teaching in how to shift. "Lighten up", "keep it smooth", "no jerky motions", "use a link note". I thought I was a pretty good shifter, but as usual, my brilliant teacher, George Taylor was able to boil a technical issue down to its essence and reveal how I could be doing better. He's the one who taught me the Shifting Formula.
The Shifting Formula
Every shift can be boiled down to 4 steps.
 1. Place: The finger before the shift is placed on the string.
 2. Release: The finger weight releases to a harmonic level on the string. At the same time, the thumb and base knuckle of the index finger also release or "lighten up".
 3. Glide: The finger and entire hand glide to the new position with the finger on a harmonic level of weight.
 4. Place: the finger in the new position on the string.
When teaching the shifting formula, I write down each step for the student, often on a post-it note placed on their piece or shifting exercise so they can refer to it throughout the week. Over the next several weeks and then periodically after that, I will quiz my students on the shifting formula. I want them to be able to name all 4 steps in order and using those four words. An issue of semantics: Many students will accidentally replace the word "glide" in Step No. 3 with the word "slide". It may seem silly to argue this, but I insist on using the word glide because I want to inspire a certain kind of shifting motion.
Merriam-Webster Defines glide as:
 1. 1 : to move smoothly, continuously, and effortlessly
 2. 2 : to go or pass imperceptibly
 3. 3a of an airplane : to descend gradually in controlled flight
To slide has a similar meaning but is less graceful and implies friction. I explain that while one can "slide" into home plate, it often kicks up a lot of dirt and is a tense moment in the game. By contrast, I want my student to glide effortlessly to the next position, like an eagle alighting on a current of air. After briefly discussing the Shifting Formula, I assign the first notated shifting exercises.
Barbara Barber's "No Fear Shifting" from Fingerboard Geography
I love the Fingerboard Geography book and it's available for both violin and viola. The exercises in this book are simple enough to memorize, so are appropriate for students who aren't as strong in reading music. I first assign the exercise in shifting to harmonics, then move on to the next group of exercises which take the student through same finger shifts up each string. In the first week, I only have students shift up to the 4th position. The after shifts in 1st through 4th position are secure, then we can work on shifts above the 4th position, where the student must adjust the location of the thumb. I have the student play very slowly at first, usually at quarter note equals 50, and release the finger weight so that I hear a harmonic level slide AKA a "seagull" during the shift.
At this point, the shifting formula becomes a tool for the student to gauge their own shifting success. If a student plays a shift that is audible or not smooth, I will ask "Which part of the formula could you use more of?" Hint: the answer is almost always that the student didn't release the finger or thumb weight enough! The shifting formula gives the student a specific and simple way to evaluate their own shifts. For a student whose left hand is especially "grabby", I may keep them shifting on the harmonic level for a while until they are able to shift without squeezing the thumb. Another trick for grabby thumbs is to place a band-aid on the top of the thumb. Regular band-aids are somewhat slick and if the student squeezes with the thumb, it will usually just slide around.
String Technique Hack Band-Aid
After the student is comfortable with the Barbara Barber exercises, then we will start working in Introducing the Positions. I've tried a lot of different method books for shifting, but ITP is, in my mind, the most comprehensive and organized. Many teachers dislike ITP because the material is dry and unmusical, especially in the beginning. I don't mind that because what the book lacks in compositional interest, it makes up for in brevity. Each exercise is no longer than a few lines and the book is helpfully divided by key so I can match the ITP exercise with the key of the piece a student is working on.
Using ITP
There are two different but important skills taught in ITP:
 1. Reading music correctly in the 3rd position in different keys. These exercises contain no shifts, but remain entirely in 3rd position.
 2. Shifting in and out of the 3rd position.
As a prerequisite to ITP, I want to make sure my student is comfortable playing and identifying intervals up to a perfect fifth, or at the very least skips and steps. The ability to think in terms of intervals is very important when beginning to shift and the student who is used to thinking only in terms of finger numbers or note names will be at a disadvantage. To review or reinforce intervals, I will use the Music Mind Games Staff Slate to have students practice making intervals from different notes.
Reading confidently in 3rd position usually involves some adjustment time. For students who are really struggling with the reading aspect, I may assign scales in the 3rd position only (which are included in ITP), and have the student say the note names out loud before playing each note. In the exercises, I will have the student play very slowly while either naming notes or saying intervals.
I like to assign one exercise from each category (reading and shifting) per week. When giving comments on the exercises, I'm constantly referring to the shifting formula. If a student plays a shift that is audible or not smooth, I will ask "Which part of the formula could you use more of?" Hint: the answer is almost always that the student didn't release the finger or thumb weight enough! The shifting formula gives the student a specific and simple way to evaluate their own shifts so we keep coming back to it again and again as we further improve and refine shifts. Once my students are confident shifting in 1st and 3rd position, and later in 2nd and 4th position, but no earlier than Book 5, then I know it's time to bring in the heavy-hitting etudes with Sevcik Op. 8. But that's a whole 'nother can of worms 🙂
Yours in the Alto Clef,
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text:
Arrhenius Equation Calculator is a free online tool that displays the rate of the chemical reaction. BYJU'S online Arrhenius equation calculator tool makes the calculation faster and it displays the rate constant in a fraction of seconds.
How to Use the Arrhenius Equation Calculator?
The procedure to use the Arrhenius equation calculator is as follows:
Step 1: Enter the temperature, activation energy, frequency factor in the input field
Step 2: Now click the button "Calculate Rate Constant" to get the rate of chemical reaction
Step 3: Finally, the rate constant for the chemical reaction will be displayed in the output field
What is Meant by the Arrhenius Equation?
In Chemistry, the Arrhenius equation is an equation which provides the relationship between temperature, rate constant and the activation energy. The Arrhenius equation is mostly used to find the rate and activation energy of the chemical reaction. The formula to calculate the temperature dependence rate constant using the Arrhenius equation is given by
K = Ae(-Ea/RT)
A is the pre-exponential factor
Ea is the activation energy
T is the absolute temperature
R is the universal gas constant
K is the rate constant.


The Anzick child genome: How Native Americans react to the oldest American burial.
The Anzick Child Could Reconcile Scientists and Native Americans
New Scientist
Stories from New Scientist.
Feb. 15 2014 7:15 AM
What the Oldest Native American Burial Means to Me
We're trying to heal a wound between the scientific community and tribal communities.
Shane Doyle, a member of the Crow tribe in Montana, was the first Native American to be told of the Anzick child's 12,600-year-old genome and its implications. He is a Crow historian and an educator affiliated with Montana State University in Bozeman.
Tools found in the burial site of a 3-year-old boy who lived in Montana about 12,600 years ago and whose genome sequence was recently published.
Courtesy of Sarah L. Anzick
Catherine Brahic: How did you find out about the Anzick child?
Shane Doyle: I was invited to the burial site last year, where Eske [Willerslev, who led the team sequencing the boy's genome] told me about his findings. [See: "Ancestry of First Americans Revealed by a Boy's Genome."] It was overwhelming. I didn't quite know what to say. I was overcome with emotion. I knew that it was going to be a landmark discovery, but I don't think I realized how significant it was. I'm still wrapping my head around it. I can say my life hasn't been the same since that day though.
CB: In what way has your life changed?
SD: For one thing, having that knowledge. As Indian people, we've always believed that we've always been here. But to have an intellectual sense of that really added to my sincere feeling that this is my homeland. I still am kind of in awe of it. My ancestors amaze me, really, all that they did and how they took care of that boy and his grave.
I sang an honor song that day. There was a burial there that was disturbed. It was an accident, and now we're trying to make it right, we're trying to heal some of the stuff that has happened, we're trying to heal that wound in the earth and the wound between the scientific community and tribal communities in America.
CB: What does the burial site mean to you?
SD: He's kind of like a King Tut in a way. These people were hunter-gatherers. They had no agriculture, no disposable economy. Everything was important to them; their tools took hundreds of hours to produce. To put them all, that kind of wealth, in the grave of a [3-year-old] boy who wasn't a pharaoh or anything... it is just too much for words.
CB: What are you telling others about the finds?
SD: My goal is that everyone learns about the story: not just the genetics, but also the amazing cultural artifacts. I feel a responsibility that more people should know about this. It's a story probably every American should know. There are different ways to do that, but I'm an educator, so one of my goals is to turn this into a public school curriculum so students can find out about the scientific, historical, and cultural significance of it.
CB: Where is the boy now?
SD: He is in an undisclosed location, a safe place. Now the scientific paper is out, we'll get feedback from other tribes, and maybe some will want to help with the reburial. His parents could never imagine how important he was going to be, and now I think we should put him back.
CB: How have other Native Americans reacted?
SD: Responses have been very measured. I don't think the cultural significance has played out. Funnily enough I think that will happen when they see it in the papers and on TV. Our whole life experience has been: "You are not important, you have no culture, you're cavemen." So for them to get excited about scientific discoveries where science has in large part either ignored or neglected us... there's a lot of mixed emotions.
CB: There's a rift between geneticists and Native Americans, who have been reluctant to have their DNA sequenced. Will this change?
SD: I hope so. I don't believe there's anything wrong with genetic testing and I don't think most Native Americans would either. What all of us agree on is that you should have respect for people who have been put in the ground. Eske's message is that this work is not intended to be disrespectful.
This article originally appeared in New Scientist.
 Slate Plus
Political Gabfest


Definition of Order urticales
1. Noun. An order of dicotyledonous plants including Moraceae and Urticaceae and Ulmaceae.
Lexicographical Neighbors of Order Urticales
order Thysanoptera
order Thysanura
order Tinamiformes
order Torpediniformes
order Tremellales
order Trichoptera
order Trogoniformes
order Tuberales
order Tubulidentata
order Tulostomatales
order Ulvales
order Umbellales
order Uredinales
order Urodella
order Uropygi
order Urticales
order Ustilaginales
order Volvocales
order Xiphosura
order Xyridales
order Zeomorphi
order Zygnemales
order Zygnematales
order arms
order book
order code
order form
order in council
order mantophasmatodea
order oedogoniales
Literary usage of Order urticales
Below you will find example usage of this term as found in modern and/or classical literature:
1. Flora of Miami: Being Descriptions of the Seed-plants Growing Naturally on by John Kunkel Small (1913)
"Urticaceae in Order URTICALES. Ovary enclosed in or seated in a hypanthium or a calyx- tube. Stamens borne under the gynoecium. ..."
2. Flora of Pennsylvania by Thomas Conrad Porter (1903)
"11 Style axile, erect. Ovary neither enclosed nor seated in a hypanthium or a calyx-tube. Flowers not solitary in axils : land plants. Order URTICALES. ..."
3. A College Text-book of Botany: Being an Enlargement of the Author's by George Francis Atkinson (1905)
"order urticales.—Trees, shrubs, or herbs. Examples: the elm family (Ulmaceae. See Chapter LXII), the mulberry family (Moraceae), and the nettle family ..."
4. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society Held at Philadelphia for by American Philosophical Society (1914)
"The Moraceae, by far the largest family of the order Urticales and the only one certainly represented in the Wilcox flora, contains between 900 and 1000 ..."
5. Torreya by Torrey Botanical Club (1915)
"Order URTICALES Family ULMACEAE Genus ULMUS Linnaeus ULMUS AMERICANA Linnaeus This is a species of low rich woods and stream banks, ranging from ..."
Other Resources:
Search for Order urticales on Dictionary.com!Search for Order urticales on Thesaurus.com!Search for Order urticales on Google!Search for Order urticales on Wikipedia!


text:
Nestled on a wooded knoll surrounded by periwinkle lies the remains of a 300-year-old structure that once was the Cedar Creek Meeting House. Established in 1721 from land donated by Thomas Stanley, the site lies west of an old 18th-century roadbed in Hanover County, Virginia. The church site is now on an old, abandoned road just off Cedar Creek Road. The cemetery, filled with field stones, holds the remains of early congregation members. This article will recognize the early members by citing their names today. The original structure, constructed by John Saunders in 1739, remained in use until 1768. A new separate building measuring 30 feet by 24 feet replaced the older meeting house and was in use until 1797. The congregation decided to construct a brick building on the site with two front door entrances. This building stood until it burned in 1904. Ironically, the Richmond Times-Dispatch published a lengthy article about the history of the Cedar Creek Meeting House during the first week of April 1904. Two weeks later, on April 21, the 1797 building lay in ruins, succumbed to a wild brush fire.
Quaker records are fascinating to explore because they offer so much detail. Like the Moravians, the early Quaker documents reveal details about 18th-century family life that would otherwise never be known. The early Quaker cemeteries offer field stones as grave markers and lack the names and dates of the person. But, the 18th-century meeting house books make up for the missing information in the cemetery. An archaeological investigation of the original structure site seems to be ongoing per the Virginia Department of Historic Resources. Fragments of the past are uncovered on the wooded knoll just east of Cedar Creek. Most churches would plan the cemetery and line the graves in rows. The Quakers are known for their disciplined simplicity, which would carry over with funerals of the period. Before burial, a brief prayer, a silent moment, and a short reading from the scriptures would be the funeral service. After conducting this study on Cedar Creek, the plans for the original cemetery have not surfaced yet. But, hopefully, in the future, we will all learn more about the people buried at Cedar Creek Meeting House.
This historic road marker is located 1 mile west of the original site. Photo courtesy of Bernhard Fisher, 2011 (_URL_
The Quaker members of Cedar Creek grew during the years preceding the American Revolutionary War. During the large meetings, the data records hundreds in attendance for church services. The exact number of interments is unknown for the adjacent cemetery, but one can estimate over fifty as an approximate calculation. The Reverends also kept personal journals and records, which give explicit clues and even more information. Nathaniel Crenshaw, John Crenshaw, Edward Mosby, and John Harris are a few of the most significant leaders of Cedar Creek Meeting House.
The Cedar Creek Monthly Meeting House changed its name in 1874 to the Richmond Monthly Meeting House. Meetings held from that period show a substantial decline in attendance, and by 1894, the building was vacant and silent. Many original congregation members migrated south to the Carolinas or west to Tennessee and Kentucky during the mid-18th-century. We have preserved the early surnames from Cedar Creek in an alphabetical list found below.
The photo of the Cedar Creek Meeting House is provided by the Quaker Archives Guilford College in North Carolina: FMCedaCr-0000-01-150-Flickr published 2011-_URL_ The added material is under the license of Canva.
The location of this Quaker meeting house offers the perfect elements of the colonial Virginia landscape. The area sits tranquil, embraced by the nearby creek spanning the width of 5 to 6 feet to its banks. In the past, a small bridge crossed here at Cedar Creek along the old road to the Meeting House. After crossing the creek, you hike up the hill approximately 75 feet to the knoll filled with periwinkle and the site of the original meeting house. The cemetery is to your right as you gaze upon the ground depressions in the earth marking each grave. Brick remnants and field stones remind us that hundreds gathered in this spot to relish in their beliefs with their friends.


text:
The feasibility of square-pulsed thermography nondestructive testing for the detection of defects in one ceramic material sample has been carried out by finite element (FE) analysis. In particular, a ceramic plate containing defects of different diameters, depths, locations, nature, and shapes has been numerically investigated by means of Comsol® Multiphysics computer program, taking into account the results coming from both a MATLAB™ script and the infrared thermography (IRT) technique. Indeed, the FE method simulates through a 3D model the heat transfer process induced into the ceramic material by two halogen lamps that have been applied in order to provoke an optimum thermal stress. Moreover, further defects like cracks arose beneath the surface of the plate due to the shrinkage process, have been discovered, and contrasted using a non-usual segmentation algorithm that when correlated in the time to IRT data simulates the thermo-elastic effect. Following the non-direct procedure proposed, both the depth of each defect and its main dimensions have been retrieved into a satisfactory accuracy.
- Infrared thermography
- Nondestructive testing
- Segmentation algorithm
- Thermal properties of the pottery
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Condensed Matter Physics
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry


Banking of a Road
Physics Chemistry Biology Mathematics
Science > Physics > Circular MotionYou are Here
Safe Velocity of a Vehicle on an Unbanked Road:
 - The necessary centripetal force required to negotiate a turn by a vehicle moving along a horizontal unbanked curved road is provided by the force of friction between the wheels (tyres) and the surface of the road.
 - Let us consider a vehicle of a mass 'm' is moving along a horizontal curved road of radius 'r' with speed 'v'.
Let μ be the coefficient of friction between the road surface and the wheels then
Banking of Road
 - This expression gives the maximum speed with which a vehicle can be moved safely along a horizontal curved road. If speed is more than this velocity, then there is a danger that the vehicle will get thrown (skid) off the road.
Banking of Road:
 - To make the turning of a vehicle on a curved road safer, the outer edge of the road is raised above the inner edge making some inclination with the horizontal. This is known as banking of road.
 - When the road is banked then, the inclination of the surface of the road with the horizontal is known as the angle of banking.
Necessity of Banking of Road:
 - As the speed of vehicle increases, the centripetal force needed for the circular motion of vehicle also increases. In the case of unbanked road necessary centripetal force is provided by the friction between the tyres and the surface of the road. But there is a maximum limit for frictional force, which depends on the coefficient of friction between the wheels and road.
 - When the centripetal force needed exceeds the maximum limit of frictional force, the vehicle skids and tries to go off the curved path resulting in an accident.
 - Without proper friction, a vehicle will not be able to move on the curved road with large speed. To avoid this we may increase the force of friction making the road rough. However, this results in the wear and tear of the tyres of the vehicle. Also, the force of friction is not always reliable because it changes when roads are oily or wet due to rains etc. To eliminate this difficulty, the curved roads are generally banked.
 - Due to banking of the road, the necessary centripetal force is provided by the component of the normal reaction.
The Expression for the Angle of Banking of Road:
 - Consider a vehicle of mass 'm' is moving with speed 'v' on a banked road of radius 'r' as shown in the figure. Let 'θ' be the angle of banking. The weight "mg" of the vehicle acts vertically downwards through its centre of gravity G, and N is the normal reaction exerted on the vehicle by banked road AC. N is perpendicular to road AC. Let 'f' be the frictional force between the road and the tyres of the vehicle.
 - Now, the normal reaction is resolved into two components (N cosθ) along the vertical (acting vertically upward) and (N sinθ) along the horizontal (towards left) as shown in the figure. Similarly, the frictional force 'f' can be resolved into two components (f sinθ) along the vertical (acting vertically downward) and( f cosθ) along the horizontal (towards left) as shown in the figure.
The free body diagram of a car is as follows
Considering equilibrium
Total upward force = Total downward force
∴ N cosθ = mg + f sinθ
∴ mg = N cosθ – f sinθ ….. (1)
 The horizontal components N sinθ and f cosθ provides necessary centripetal force
mv2/r = N sinθ + f cosθ …… (2)
Dividing equation (2) by (1)
Now, frictional force f = μsN
Where μs = coefficient of friction between road and tyres
 - This is an expression for the angle of banking for curved road considering friction between the road and tyres of the vehicle.
 - Note:
For the given pair of road and tyre μs = tan λ, where λ = angle of friction
 - Case – I:
When the road is horizontal θ = 0°
This is an expression for safe velocity on unbanked road
 - Case – II:
When the frictional force between the road and tyres of the vehicle is negligible μs = 0.
This is an expression for the angle of banking of a road.
When friction is not mentioned in the problem, use this expression to solve the problems.
 - The expression for safe velocity on the banked road is
 - The speed will be maximum when tan θ = 1 i.e. θ = 45°. It means the vehicle can be driven with maximum safe speed only when the angle of banking = 45°.
Factors affecting the angle of banking:
 - The angle of banking depends on the speed of the vehicle, the radius of the curved road and the acceleration due to gravity g at that place.
 - The expression does not contain the term m representing mass, thus the angle of banking is independent of mass 'm' of the vehicle. Thus the angle of banking is the same for heavy and light vehicles.
 - the angle of banking depends on the radius (r) of the curved road. The angle of banking is inversely proportional to the radius of curvature.
 - For the given radius of the curve, the angle of banking increases with the speed.
 - For the given radius of the curve and speed of the vehicle angle of banking is inversely proportional to the acceleration due to gravity at that place. The acceleration due to gravity is more on the pole than that at the equator. Thus for the given radius of the curve and speed of the vehicle angle of banking is less at the pole than that at the equator.
 - If l is the width of the banked road, then the elevation of an outer edge of the road over the inner edge (provided angle of banking is small) is given by
otherwise h = l sinθ
 - In actual practice, some frictional forces are always present even on the banked road. So that the actual safe velocity is always greater than the calculated safe velocity on the banked road.
High Speed on Unbanked Road:
 - During motorcycle race, the riders negotiate the curve on a flat road in that case they have to tilt their motorcycle and themselves to compensate the angle of banking at that place.
 - A cycling race track is called velodrome which has a saucer-shaped track. The rider has to take a position on a track as per his/her speed.
Example – 1:
 - To what angle must a racing track of radius of curvature 600 m be banked so as to be suitable for a maximum speed of 180 km/h?
 - Solution:
 - Given: maximum speed v = 180 km/hr = 180 x 5/18 = 50 m/s ,Radius of curvature = r = 600 m, g = 9.8 m/s2
 - To Find: Angle of banking = θ = ?
Ans: Angle of banking = 23° 18'
Example – 2:
 - A curve in the road is in the form of an arc of a circle of radius 400 m. At what angle should the surface of the road be laid inclined to the horizontal so that the resultant reaction of the surface acting on a car running at 120 km/h is normal to the surface of the road?
 - Solution:
 - Given: speed of the car = v = 120 km/hr = 120 x 5/18 = 33.33 m/s, radius of curve = r = 400m, g = 9.8 m/s2
 - To Find: Angle of banking = θ = ?
Ans: Angle of banking = 15° 49'
Example – 3:
 - A vehicle enters a circular bend of radius 200 m at 72 km/h. The road surface at the bend is banked at 10°. Is it safe? At what angle should the road surface be ideally banked for safe driving at this speed ? If the road is 5m wide, what should be the elevation of the outer edge of road surface above the inner edge?
 - Solution:
 - Given: Speed of vehicle = v = 72 km/hr = 72 x 5/18 = 20 m/s , Angle of banking = θ = 10°, radius of curve = r = 200 m, g = 9.8 m/s2
 - To Find: Part – I: To check safety, part – II: nagle of banking = θ = ? for given speed, elevation = h =?
 - Part – I:
Now, the velocity of the vehicle (20 m/s) is greater than the safe velocity (18.59 m/s).
Hence it is unsafe to drive at a speed 72 km/hr.
 - Part – II:

Ans: It is unsafe to drive at the speed 72 km/hr. The angle of banking for speed 72 km/hr = 11°32',
Elevation of the outer edge over inner edge = 1m
Example – 4:
 - Find the minimum radius of an arc of a circle that can be negotiated by a motorcycle riding at 21 m/s if the coefficient of friction between the tyres and the ground is 0.3. What is the angle made with the vertical by the motorcyclist? g = 9.8 m/s2.
 - Solution:
 - Given: Velocity of motor cycle = v = 21 m/s , Coefficient of friction = μ = 0.3, g = 9.8 m/s2
 - To Find: radius of curvature = r = ?, Angle with vertical = θ= ?
Necessary centripetal force is provided by the friction between the road and tyres.
Ans: Radius of the circular path = 150 m, Angle of banking


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More details: NAM. 1972-08-67-1-47
We're popping up at The National Archives with our new exhibition exploring the role of the volunteers and conscripts who served at the Battle of the Somme.
To mark the centenary of the Battle of the Somme, the National Army Museum has created a pop-up exhibition exploring the role of the volunteers and conscripts who served there.
The exhibition features images and archives from our collection. Visitors will also be able to get hands-on with some of our artefacts.
One of our curators will be on hand, exploring the exhibition and artefacts in more detail, and providing an update on the Museum's transformation and re-opening.
Tickets are available for free and can be booked online.
The National Archives
Explore the map for similar events
Serving on the Somme - The National Archives, Kew


Summary
A quick tutorial on adding properties and values for use when setting the coverage for questions.Tachyon enables Coverage tag properties to be created and set on Tachyon client devices, which can then be used when setting the coverage for a question. The basic workflow is:
 1. A Tachyon Custom Properties Administrator defines the name of a Coverage tag and one or more associated values. See Adding properties - tutorial for more details on this step.
 2. Actioners with permissions to the Tags instruction set run actions that use the defined properties and values and assign them to particular Tachyon client devices.
 3. Questioners can then use the Tags parameter, when defining the coverage for a question, to constrain the coverage to particular properties and values thereby targeting particular Tachyon client devices. See Using tags to set the coverage for a question - tutorial for more details on this step.
This page provides a quick tutorial on how to perform step 2.
On this page:
Setting tags
The example
On the Adding properties - tutorial page we set up a scenario with three departments whose devices we want to manage using Tachyon. The three departments are Finance, IT Support and Sales. We want to map these departments onto the devices in our example by setting tags. The only thing that links the devices is the departments they belong to and this is known according to the FQDN of the devices. The best way to handle the setting of the tags is to use a question where the coverage is set to a list of FQDN for a particular department and follow that with an action that sets the tags for that department.
The following table shows the department mapping we want to model using tags:
DepartmentDevice FQDN
FinanceACME-WIN1001.acme.local
ACME-WIN702.acme.local
IT SupportACME-WIN701.acme.local
ACME-WIN802.acme.local
ACME-EXC01.acme.local
ACME-SQL01.acme.local
acme-rhel01.acme.local
SalesACME-WIN1002.acme.local
ACME-WIN801.acme.local
Our example environment, as shown in the picture opposite, is obviously very small but the advantages will be seen for much larger examples, where each department's set of devices may run into the hundreds or even thousands.
Choosing the right question
To run an action you first need to ask a question, but which question should you ask?
Fundamentally, questions return a list of device names, with associated information. This list of device names can then be used to target the devices on which to run actions.
There are many different circumstances, questions and actions that may be used, but generally the question selected should try to meet the following guidelines:
 - The question should identify a superset or the set of devices that you want to run the action on. Question responses can always be refined by setting coverage, response filters or view filters.
 - Avoid questions that retrieve information that isn't relevant to the action. This is mainly to avoid unnecessary network traffic.
In our example we will select the question How many of each operating system version are installed?.
We choose this question because:
 - We want a question that would get a response from all devices and we'll apply a coverage that selects the devices we want using their FQDN
 - The question does not return much unnecessary information.
Setting coverage tags
For our example the user TCNActioner01, with the Tachyon global actioner role, is going to set the tags for the finance department devices. The animation opposite illustrates the following steps:
 1. TCNActioner01 selects the How many of each operating system version are installed? question
 2. After the question has been selected they then edit the question parameters, expand the Coverage heading and enter the FQDN for the devices in the finance department into the field under the Device List (FQDN) heading. To save the list to the question they click on Set.
 3. Asking the question, by clicking on the Ask the question button, gets two responses from the two devices named in the FQDN list
 4. Having got back the responses they were looking for they now run the follow-up action that will set the correct tags for those devices. The action is selected from the Actions tab.
 5. They type set coverage into the edit field and then select the Set coverage tag <tagname> to <tagvalue> action
 6. The parameters for the action are populated from the coverage properties and values that have previously been set by an extended properties administrator. They set the <tagname> to Department and the <tagvalue> to Finance
 7. After setting the values they click the Perform this action button
 8. The action is subject to confirmation, authentication and approval. They first confirm their credentials by entering their password
 9. When challenged to provide an authentication code TCNActioner01 then checks their email, copies the code and pastes it into the challenge dialog
 10. Now TCNApprover01, a global approver, will be sent an email, using the link at the bottom of the email they navigate to the Tachyon Explorer and approve the action
 11. The action now runs and the responses appear to TCNActioner01. Here you can see the two devices that were targeted using their FQDN have responded and the tag with the property name Department and a value of Finance has been set.
Having set the tag for the finance devices the exact same approach can be used to set the tags for the other two department's devices. Once all the tags have been set, questions can be asked with scopes that target the tags, as described in Using tags to set the coverage for a question - tutorial.


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Supplementary Material for: Effective Intravitreal Injections of Bevacizumab in a Case of Serous Macular Detachment from the Superior Border of the Posterior Staphyloma
journal contributionposted on 03.02.2017 by Tsubota Y., Takahashi H., Sugisaki K., Tanabe T., Fujino Y.
Any type of content formally published in an academic journal, usually following a peer-review process.
Purpose: We present an atypical case of submacular fluid leading to serous macular detachment. Method/Patient: A 69-year-old man was evaluated for metamorphopsia in the left eye. Results: Best-corrected visual acuity was 20/25 in both eyes. He had undergone cataract surgeries in both eyes 12 years ago. The axial length was 25.93 mm (OD) and 24.12 mm (OS). Optical coherence tomography showed posterior staphylomas and subretinal fluid on the superior border of the staphylomas in both eyes; in the left eye, submacular fluid was noted extending up to the macula. Fundus fluorescein angiography revealed leakage from the superior border of the staphylomas in both eyes. The fluid persisted for 4 months. Four consecutive, monthly injections of bevacizumab (1.25 mg/0.05 mL) were administered in the left eye; subsequently, the subretinal fluid gradually dissipated from the macula and became localized at the superior border of the staphyloma. This localization persisted for 12 months. Conclusions: We have detailed a case of submacular fluid that spread from the superior border of the posterior staphyloma in a patient with macular detachment, in whom intravitreal injections of bevacizumab were highly effective in eliminating the fluid.


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Learn how to work with materials in Blender Internal, Cycles and Luxrender in this 4-part tutorial by BlenderDiplom.
Gottfried Hofmann writes:
The new BlenderDiplom author Frederik Steinmetz has created a tutorial series that covers materials in Cycles, Luxrender and Blender Internal by example. You start with a model of an Orchid Mantis and all required texture maps so you can focus on the materials and lighting in each of the renderers.
- Part 1: Overview of the model - Frederik shows you the various parts of the Mantis and explains how he solved various dificculties that can come up when modeling insects.
- Part 2: Cycles materials - Frederik creates a rather complex material in Cycles to make the Mantis look awesome!
- Intermission: Introduction to lighting in Luxrender - Frederik shows how lighting in Luxrender is different from Blender Internal and Cycles.
- Part 3: Luxrender Materials - Organic materials in Luxrender tend to be difficult, Frederik shows his solutions
- Part 4: Materials in Blender Internal - Regarding organic materials, Blender Internal still shows!


text:
The National Environment Agency reports that precipitation and wind are expected on February 4-6.
Cold and humid air masses, precipitation, strong wind are expected in Georgia from February 4 to February 6. Heavy snow, fog, and snowstorms might occur. There is a danger of avalanches in the mountains. 4-5 magnitude storms might occur at sea.


text:
Kalimantan, Borneo, Indonesia
[mamapas pali] depicting a hornbill soul ship
26.0 (h) x 171.0 (w) x 5.0 (d) cm
National Museum of Ethnology, Leiden
The ship is an ancient recurring image in Southeast Asian art. A powerful symbol of transition, especially from this world to the afterlife, it appears on grave goods and trade items from the Bronze Age until modern times. The earliest coffins discovered across Southeast Asia are boat-shaped. Ships are still found on textiles, mats, sculptures and paintings that symbolise and celebrate the most important transition in a person's life, the journey of the soul to the realm of the ancestors.
In its most overt form, the boat depicts the vehicle in which the spirit of the deceased travels to the other world. Ship imagery is also displayed at other ceremonies of the lifecycle when an individual moves from one social or spiritual state to another, including initiations into adulthood such as tooth-filing, and at weddings.


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The demand for hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO) has increased in recent years and it is now the dominant liquid biofuel on the Swedish market. However, only 5% of the 14 TWh HVO sold in Sweden in 2018 was produced from domestic raw material.
The possibilities to increase the use of domestic raw materials for HVO production in Sweden is currently investigated in the project Sustainable HVO production potential and environmental impact. The first part of the project has assessed the current (year 2020) and future (year 2050) potential supply of domestic feedstock for HVO production in Sweden. Results are now published in an interim report.
The assessment included raw materials already used today, such as tall oil (a residue from the pulp and paper industry) and used cooking oil, as well as raw materials and technologies with future potential (such as microbial oils or microalgae). The focus was on the Swedish potential to supply renewable oils and fats that can be produced under Nordic conditions.
The results indicated that lignocellulosic materials such as forest residues have high future potential for HVO production. The available economic potential by 2050 is estimated to 7.07 TWh per year. However, to utilize the full potential, certain technologies need to be developed further.
The domestic supply of waste and residual oils, such as used cooking oil from households and restaurants, slaughterhouse waste fats etc., have relatively low technical potential; 0.13 TWh per year by 2020, and 0.54 TWh per year by 2050. Oilseed crops also show a low potential, but are still interesting since they are exempted from the cap on food and feed crops in the EU Renewable Energy Directive. Therefore, demand for these might increase in the future.


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Purpose: Our goal was to use functional MRI (fMRI) to measure brain activation in response to imagination of odors in humans.
Method: fMR brain scans were obtained in 21 normal subjects (9 men, 12 women) using multislice FLASH MRI in response to imagination of odors of banana and peppermint and to the actual smells of the corresponding odors of amyl acetate and menthone, respectively, in three coronal sections selected from anterior to posterior temporal brain regions. Similar studies were obtained in two patients with hyposmia using FLASH MRI and in one patient with hyposmia using echo planar imaging, both before and after theophylline treatment, which returned smell function to or toward normal in each patient. Activation images were derived using correlation analysis, and ratios of areas of brain activated to total brain areas were calculated.
Results: Activation was present in each section in all normal subjects and in each patient after imagination of each vapor. In normal subjects, brain activation in response to imagination of odors was significantly less than that in response to the actual smell of these odors, and activation following imagination of banana odor was significantly greater in men than in women, as was previously reported for the actual smell of the odor of amyl acetate. However, in relative terms, albeit at an absolute lower brain activation level, the ratio of brain activation by imagination of banana to activation by actual amyl acetate odor was about twice as high in women as in men. Before treatment, in patients with hyposmia, brain activation in response to odor imagination was greater than after presentation of the actual odor itself. After treatment, in patients with hyposmia in whom smell acuity returned to or toward normal, brain activation in response to odor imagination was not significantly different quantitatively from that before treatment; however, brain activation in response to the actual odor was significantly greater than that in response to imagination of the corresponding odor. Brain regions activated by both odor imagination and actual corresponding odor were similar and consistent with regions previously described as responding to odors.
Conclusion: These studies indicate that (a) odors can be imagined and similar brain regions are activated by both imagined and corresponding actual odors; (b) imagination of odors elicits quantitatively less brain activation than do actual smells of corresponding odors in normal subjects; (c) absolute brain activation in men by odor imagination is greater than in women for some odors, but on a relative basis, the ratio for odor imagination to actual smell in women is twice that in men; (d) odor imagination, once the odor has been experienced, is present, recallable, and capable of inducing a relatively constant degree of brain activation even in the absence of the ability to recognize an actual corresponding odor.


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Today, we will be crushing on Miss Fatima Oyiza Ademoh from Kogi state.
Miss Fatima Oyiza Ademoh is the founder and CEO of AjimaYouth Empowerment Foundation.
She has over six years of experience in business development, entrepreneurship, agribusiness and more recently, the energy sector.
Fatima is currently the project manager for the US African Development Foundation- funded off-grid energy project implemented by Ajima Farm in Nigeria.
Fatima is an entrepreneurship and finance lecturer at Baze University in Abuja.
Fatima is a volunteer for the Tony Elumelu program (TEEP), where she mentors TEEP finalists across Africa during their entrepreneurial training.
Fatima holds a BSC in Finance from American University of Nigeria and an MSC in Financial Risk Management from the University of Leeds UK.
Upon completion of the Mandela Washington Fellowship, Fatima plans to scale up the Ajima Farm's off-grid energy project to promote access to energy services for rural off-grid communities and agribusinesses.
Having grown in an environment where agricultural communities could not access electricity, which led to the loss of many perishable goods, Fatima decided to work towards a solution; she developed the Waste to Watt project, the first mini grid biogas to the power system in Nigeria, which has provided renewable electricity to two rural communities, with over 1,100 people.
Fatima is passionate about using clean energy sources to electrify rural off-grid communities and businesses.
Her passion and work in social entrepreneurship has won her several awards in the past, including The Rockefeller Foundation 2012 Innovation Competition, The 2017 British Council Social Impact Award and the 2017 Young Energy Leader Award by the African Utility Week Industry Awards.
BY MAIMUNA BAGUDU


text:
It is probably too complicated to be sure, with subtle shifts in air flow easily affecting the total drag.
However, since things (usually) tend towards their lowest energy, and the wheels tend to spin when the car is moving, I would guess that is the lowest energy state, and hence the lowest total drag, compared to clamping the brakes on the bike wheel and stopping it from spinning.
But that statement, lowest energy state, and hence the lowest total drag, is BS. Things have no tendency towards a state of lowest energy dissipation!
Drag on the car * speed = power from the car.
power from the car = power from the spinning wheel + everything else
Increased drag on the car = power the spinning wheel generates / speed
If the wheel does not spin, it does no work.
If the wheel spins freely, it does -very little work-, because it has very little friction. So the spinning wheel adds very little more drag than the fixed one.