text:
Tioga River (Chemung River)
The Tioga River (// TIE-o-guh) is a tributary of the Chemung River, approximately 58 miles (93 km) long, in northern Pennsylvania and western New York in the United States. It drains a region of ridges in the northern Allegheny Plateau in the watershed of the Susquehanna River.
It rises in the mountains of western Bradford County and flows initially southwest into Tioga County, passing through Tioga State Forest. In southern Tioga County it turns north, cutting gaps in four separate ridges while flowing past Blossburg and Mansfield, then through Tioga Reservoir. North of Tioga it receives Crooked Creek from the west, then crosses into Steuben County, New York, near Lawrenceville, Pennsylvania. It receives the Cowanesque River from the west approximately 1 mi (2 km) north of the state line, then receives the Canisteo River from the west in southwestern Steuben County, approximately 10 mi (15 km) southwest of Corning. It joins the Cohocton River at Painted Post, just west of Corning, to form the Chemung, a tributary of the Susquehanna.
In the 19th century the Tioga Valley supported a large shipbuilding industry. Logs were floated down the Tioga and the Chemung to the Susquehanna River and on to the Chesapeake Bay and the shipyards of Baltimore.
Tioga Reservoir
The Tioga River has one major impoundment, the Tioga Reservoir, formed by a dam just after the borough of Tioga, Pennsylvania and just before it receives Crooked Creek. The lake has a surface area of 498 acres (2.02 km2) and is administered by the United States Army Corps of Engineers, which built the Tioga Dam from 1973 to 1979. Built together with the adjoining Hammond Dam and Hammond Lake (on Crooked Creek), the total project cost $200 million.
The dam projects were initially authorized by the United States Congress in the Flood Control Act of 3 July, 1958 (Public Law 85-500). Construction was begun in the aftermath of the devastating floods caused by Hurricane Agnes in June 1972. A channel connects the two lakes so that Hammond Lake (which has greater storage capacity) may be used to store excess (flood) water from Tioga Lake.
However, in addition to flood control on the Chemung and Susquehanna rivers, the dams are also meant to help decrease the acidity of water in the Tioga River downstream of the dams by dilution with the more neutral waters of Crooked Creek. The Tioga River's acidity is caused by acid mine drainage.
See also
- U.S. Geological Survey. National Hydrography Dataset high-resolution flowline data. The National Map, accessed August 8, 2011
- U.S. Geological Survey: PA stream gaging stations
- Rootsweb: Tioga River history
- U.S. Army Corps of Engineers page on Tioga-Hammond Lakes
- History of the Hammond-Tioga Dam Project
- Chesapeake Bay Program - The Tioga River Watershed
- Chesapeake Bay Program - Tioga River - Canisteo River To Chemung River Watershed


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Unitary Method Problem
Date: 02/01/99 at 19:13:36 From: Tamara Subject: A Unitary Method Problem Runts come in a carton. There are 8 packages in one carton. There are 3 boxes in each package. If there are 170 runts in one box, how many runts are there in 6 cartons?
Date: 03/01/99 at 17:48:36 From: Doctor Swiss Subject: Re: A Unitary Method Problem This can be a difficult question to take in all at once. The best way to approach it is to break it down into steps. The first step is to notice how runts, boxes, packages, and cartons are related. It might help to draw a diagram, like this one: 170 runts/box --> 3 boxes/package --> 8 packages/carton --> 6 cartons Just so you know, by runt/box, we mean runts in a box. Now you can see how everything is related, and you can also see the steps that you have to take. Now to find out the number of runts in 6 cartons, it would help us to see how many packages are in 6 cartons. Why? Well, once we know the number of packages in 6 cartons, we can find out the number of boxes in 6 cartons, and finally the number of runts in 6 cartons. So now we are trying to find the number of packages in 6 cartons. We know the number of packages on 1 carton is 8. What if we had 2 cartons? Then we would have 8 cartons from the first package and 8 from the second, for a total of 8 + 8 = 16. Note that this is also 8 * 2 = 16 cartons. Try this for 3 cartons. I hope you can see the jump and figure out that there are 8 * 6 packages in 6 cartons. You can repeat this process to find that there are 3 * 8 * 6 boxes in 6 cartons. You need one more step to find the number of runts in 6 cartons. It turns out that this problem is just one big multiplication problem. Please write back if you need more help or have any more questions. Good luck, - Doctors Swiss, Teeple, and Stacey, The Math Forum _URL_
Search the Dr. Math Library:
Ask Dr. MathTM
© _PHONE_ The Math Forum

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Accession Number : AD0164086
Title : Spot Test for Identification of Oil Contaminants in Water.
Descriptive Note : Patent,
Corporate Author : DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY WASHINGTON D C
Personal Author(s) : Zall,David M.
Report Date : 24 OCT 1972
Pagination or Media Count : 2
Abstract : The patent describes a method of detecting a hydrocarbon contaminant in an aqueous solution by applying chromic-sulfuric acid to filter paper wetted by the aqueous solution. A positive test is indicated by the development of a bluish-green color. It is a simple technique for testing the effluent from a ship cleaning process to insure that oil contaminates are not present therein.
Descriptors : (*Patents, Chemical indicators), (*Hydrocarbons, *Chemical indicators), (*Petroleum, Chemical indicators), Sulfuric acid, Chromic acids, Colorimetric analysis, Water pollution
Subject Categories : Organic Chemistry
Distribution Statement : APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Monday, June 5, 2017
Ham Radio on Northwest Passage Journey
A 150-day voyage from Toronto to Victoria, British Columbia, via the Northwest Passage may be tracked via ham radio WSPR (Weak Signal Propagation Reporter) signals. The trip, named Canada C3, is part of that nation's celebration this year of its 150th anniversary.
According to Southgate Amateur Radio News, the organizers allowed a team of hams led by Barrie Crampton, VE3BSB, to install a WSPR beacon on board the vessel, as part of a package of science experiments and research projects being carried out as the ship makes its way through the Arctic along the world's longest coastline. A live tracking link, provided by QRP-labs, may be found online at <_URL_

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


Main Content
What are Functional Materials?
what are FM_1.jpg
Functional Materials play an ever-increasing role in our modern society. They form the basis for a wide range of technologies. Computation, communication, storage and displaying of information would not work without them, making them essential for the entire IT sector. The same is true for the generation of and the storage of energy, for mobility and for sensing.
The term functional materials covers different material classes ranging from semiconductors over polymers and molecular crystals to nanoparticles. It is their special electrical, optical and magnetic properties that make functional materials so important.
If you have any further questions please contact:


console.log(NC.mag());
// {x,y,z}
LiPo
NC.getBatteryState()
// { charging:bool, standby:bool}
Extending the badge
You can add your own 'Apps' or LED patterns that will display in the Badge's memory just by adding them to the Badge.patterns or Badge.apps arrays.
Normally when you upload code from the right-hand side of the IDE it will reset the badge (this won't remove saved code, but will stop the badge code from running). To avoid this, either copy/paste your code from the right-hand side of the IDE to the left, or disable the Reset before send option in the Communications part of the Web IDE's settings.
Patterns
Just do something like:
// LED patterns - each is [callback, period_in_ms]
Badge.patterns.blue=()=>{ var n=0;return [()=>{
 var c = [127,0,0];
 NC.ledTop(c);
 NC.ledBottom(c);
 NC.backlight(c.concat(c,c,c));
},0];};
And you can test by running Badge.pattern("mine").
The above example will only be called once because it returns 0 for period_in_ms, but you can easily supply a different value to be called more often:
Badge.patterns.green=()=>{ var n=0;return [()=>{
 n+=50;
 if (n>1536)n=0;
 NC.ledTop([0,Math.max(255-Math.abs(n-1024),0),0]);
 NC.ledBottom([0,Math.max(255-Math.abs(n-1384),0),0]);
 NC.backlight([0,Math.max(255-Math.abs(n-640),0),0,
 0,Math.max(255-Math.abs(n-512),0),0,
 0,Math.max(255-Math.abs(n-384),0),0,
 0,Math.max(255-Math.abs(n-256),0),0]);
},50];};
50ms is usually a good balance of battery life and smoothness.
Apps
Just write your app to the Badge.apps array:
Badge.apps["My App"] = ()=>{
 // Reset everything on the badge to a known state
 Badge.reset();
 // Display a menu
 Pixl.menu({ "": { "title": "-- A Test --" },
 "LED1 on" : ()=>LED1.write(1),
 "LED1 off" : ()=>LED1.write(0),
 "Back to Badge":Badge.badge
 });
};
And you can test by running Badge.apps["My App"]()
To return to normal badge functionality just call Badge.badge() or Badge.menu() to return to the menu.
Saving...
When you upload code as described above, your function will be loaded into RAM and will be lost when the badge is reset.
To make it persist, you can write it into a file in the badge's storage called .boot0,.boot1,.boot2 or .boot3 - each one is executed in turn on boot so you can have more than one extension at once.
require("Storage").write(".boot0",'
Badge=global.Badge||{};
Badge.apps=Badge.apps||{};
Badge.apps["My App"] = ()=>{
 // Reset everything on the badge to a known state
 Badge.reset();
 // Display a menu
 Pixl.menu({ "": { "title": "-- A Test --" },
 "LED1 on" : ()=>LED1.write(1),
 "LED1 off" : ()=>LED1.write(0),
 "Back to Badge":Badge.badge
 });
};
');
You can also do things like overwrite the built-in name, without having to overwrite the basic badge firmware.
require("Storage").write(".boot1",'
Badge=global.Badge||{};
Badge.NAME=["Hello","World"];
');
Common Pitfalls
 - If you get Badge not found errors while trying to upload an app from the right hand side, it'll be because you're uploading with the Reset before send option turned on in the IDE settings (it should be turned off)
 - reset() (or 'reset before send) removes all JS code from the badge's RAM (including the Badge object) - it can be handy if you want to have full control of everything on the badge. To get back, see the next point...
 - If you want to get your badge firmware back out of flash memory without power cycling your badge, just type load() in the left-hand side of the IDE
 - Calling Badge.menu() will bring the Badge's menu back up - Badge.badge() goes back to displaying the badge. If you want a button in the app to bring you back to the menu, you can just call: setWatch(Badge.menu, BTN1);
 - Badge.reset() attempts to reset the badge's state (removing watches and intervals) - it's an idea to stick this as the first line in your app to make sure you start from a known state each time.
Soldering Stuff
There are some special GPIO connectors on the badge. These can be accessed with commands like digitalWrite(D10,1) or analogRead(A0).
 - J2 (Top Left) contains (left to right) GND,D10,D11,D12,D13 and 3.3v
 - J1 (Top Right) contains (left to right) GND,A0,A1,A2,A3 and 3.3v
 - J3 (Bottom center) contains the pinout for an ESP8266 ESP01 module. This can also be used for wired serial comms with the badge:
GND NC NC D1(Badge TX)
D0(Badge RX) D9 NC 3.3v
ESP8266 Wiring
Due to a slight mirroring accident, a normal ESP8266 module has to be attached to the FRONT of the badge, slightly covering the display:
 ...... ......
 ___________________________
BTN1 | | BTN2
 | |
 | ____ |
 | | | |
BTN4 |___________| |__________| BTN3
 |::::|
 ----
However by removing the ESP01's pins and soldering them on the other side of the module, you can fit the ESP01 to the rear of the badge very tidily.
Once soldered you can access the internet as follows:
var WIFI_NAME = "...";
var WIFI_PASS = "...";
D9.set(); // power on
Serial1.setup(115200,{rx:D0,tx:D1});
var wifi = require("ESP8266WiFi_0v25").connect(Serial1, function(err) {
 if (err) throw err;
 console.log("Connecting to WiFi");
 wifi.connect(WIFI_NAME, WIFI_PASS, function(err) {
 if (err) throw err;
 console.log("Connected");
 // Now you can do something, like an HTTP request
 require("http").get("_URL_ function(res) {
 console.log("Response: ",res);
 res.on('data', function(d) {
 console.log("--->"+d);
 });
 });
 });
});
Check out [_URL_ page on Internet stuff) for more info.
Updating Espruino
The badges came with Espruino v2.00, but there have been a few changes to Espruino since then that have fixed:
 - The badge pausing issue (caused by high Bluetooth LE traffic when scanning)
 - Filesystem issues when repeatedly calling require("Storage").write
 - Other issues
To update Espruino, just follow the Pixl.js instructions here with the 'Cutting edge' build linked from the firmware download page.
This'll take a few minutes, and you then need to follow the steps for Returning your badge to normal - so if you're fine with everything as it is


text:
1) It is known that inside a metallic hollow sphere it will not experience outside electric field because of the charge separation of electrons and holes at the surface of sphere and creating an equal and opposite field. So it is better to stay inside the car during lightning.
Why should you stay in the car during thunderstorms?
But isn't there a maximum value of electric field the metallic surface can resist because at some point (higher value) of electric field the movement of electrons will get stopped because it can't generate more electron holes pairs and which will limit the further change in increment of electric field to zero. Since lighting produce such a high value of electric field is it safe to stay inside a car during lightning? assuming no heat generated during lightning
2) Similar case about charge inside a earthed metallic hollow sphere. If I keep some charge inside the metallic hollow sphere, outside field is zero and inside field is dependent upon the charge. If I increase the charge inside the metallic hollow sphere to such a level which is more than the total electron charge on the surface of sphere then the earthing has no effect because it has already neutralized the maximum amount of holes (+ve) by accepting the electrons from earth. So the field will escape outside.


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Astrophysics Science Division High-School Student Opportunities
Astrophysics Science Division High-School Student OpportunitiesBelow are all the High School level opportunities in Astrophysics that are available at Goddard. Information about other high-school internships that can be done with the other science divisions at Goddard is available at _URL_
|The Scientific and Engineering Student Internship (SESI)
|The SESI program is a joint program with the Physics Department of the Catholic University of America (CUA), ASD/GSFC and Science and Exploration Directorate at GSFC. Student opportunities are open in all divisions of the Science and Exploration Directorate including the Astrophysics Science Division (ASD), the Earth-Sun Exploration Division, the Laboratory for Solar and Space Physics, the Solar System Exploration Division and other research.
|April 30, 2011 (US Citizens)
|The High School Internship Program (HIP)
|The purpose of this program is to engage high school students in 'real-time' applications of science, technology, engineering and math (STEM) in a research-focused work world. Interns will learn more about space exploration in general and GSFC-specific areas of earth science, space science, engineering, and technology. The program runs for 8 weeks.
|The Science and Engineering Apprentice Program (SEAP)
|The NASA IV&V Facility hosts the Science and Engineering Apprentice Program (SEAP). Students who usually possess a diverse background and have interest in science, technology, mathematics, and engineering, work closely with scientists and engineers who act as their mentors. The program offers students a unique and positive experience in their fields of interest, thus encouraging them to pursue careers in science and engineering. To participate in this program at the NASA IV&V Facility, applicants must be U.S. citizens and provide their own form of transportation for the duration of the internship. This program is restricted to students who live and attend school within a 50 mile radius of the NASA IV&V Facility, Fairmont, WV 26554.
|February 26, 2011
|The National Space Club Scholars Program
|The purpose of this program is to provide students with an opportunity to experience how research and development organizations operate on a day-to-day basis. Participants will be assigned to work with a technical professional who is doing work related to the general field of interest to the student.
|None Listed - Program runs from June 27 - August 5, 2011


text:
Definition of synchronic in English:
Concerned with something, especially a language, as it exists at one point in time: synchronic linguistics Often contrasted with diachronic.
More example sentences
- Currently, linguists generally prefer the synchronic study of spoken language to the diachronic comparison of words in texts, and have tended to regard philology as pre-scientific.
- From a diachronic viewpoint, languages seem to change from being more pragmatic to more syntactic; from a synchronic perspective, different languages may simply be at different stages of this evolutional circle.
- One of the tenets of sociolinguistics is that synchronic variation of the type illustrated here and in the examples in Chapter 3 represents a stage in long-term change.
- Example sentences
- Part of the problem in making extrapolations from these patterns to build a theory is that the relationship between language and social structure may vary considerably, both synchronically and diachronically.
- Each can be studied synchronically or diachronically and the order in which they have been dealt with within a grammar has fluctuated over the years.
- Reading Scripture diachronically and synchronically, all views provided by the canon would be considered as in a kind of dialogue.
Definition of synchronic in:
- US English dictionary
What do you find interesting about this word or phrase?
Comments that don't adhere to our Community Guidelines may be moderated or removed.
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text:
SHARKS were always thought to be long-sighted, but researchers who gave them
an eye test found they can focus correctly on both near and distant objects.
Testing a shark's eyesight usually involves restraining it, holding
different lenses up to its eyes and watching their response. But by reflecting
infrared light off the back of their eyes using a camera, Bob Hueter of Mote
Marine Laboratory in Sarasota, Florida, and his colleagues have shown that
free-swimming lemon sharks can focus on near and distant targets (Vision
Research, vol 41, p 1885).
Restraining sharks may have relaxed their eye muscles, making …


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White Screen After Installing The Theme
If you upload the theme and activate it, and see nothing but a white screen, please read the following information. This is more common than you might think, and it can be frustrating to sort out. First, it is important to understand what the white screen, often referred to as the "white screen of death," actually means. Simply put, there is an error that you can't see. The reason you can't see it is because, WordPress is not displaying the error that is causing the problem. When attempting to diagnose a white screen condition consider what you did before the condition occurred:
There are several causes for this condition. We will be addressing the ones most likely to occur — Plugins, Theme, and Other Causes.
No matter how hard developers try, it is basically impossible to write plugins that will work and play well together with every single theme. The same is true in reverse. If you experience a white screen after activating the theme, the problem could be a plugin that is in conflict with the theme. Try the following:
The most likely issue associated with a theme being the cause of a white screen condition is when the upload of the theme did not complete the transfer of all files, the transfer resulted in corrupted theme files, or you have PHP configuration memory limits set too low. Try this:
The following is a list of possible other causes for the white screen condition, because they too can cause this error:


Question: When Did The Dutch Get Surnames?
Why Dutch is called Dutch?
Specifically the phrase High Dutch referred to people from the mountainous area of what is now southern Germany.
Within the Holy Roman Empire, the word Netherlands was used to describe people from the low-lying (nether) region (land)..
What is the most common name in the Netherlands?
Popular Names in the NetherlandsBoysRankNamePct.1.Daan0.95%2.Sem0.93%3.Milan0.84%106 more rows
Are the Dutch Celtic?
Today, many Belgians and Dutch from the southern areas of the Netherlands, especially from remote and rural areas, would still carry Celtic DNA. This ethnicity was the most common in these lands before the arrival of the Germanic tribes, which absorbed them thanks to their numeric superiority.
What are Dutch last names?
Top 10 most common Dutch surnamesDe Jong. (86,534 in 2007) De Jong in 2007. … Jansen. (75,698 in 2007) Jansen in 2007. … De Vries. (73,152 in 2007) De Vries in 2007. … Van de Berg / van den Berg / van der Berg. (60,135 in 2007) Van de/den/der Berg in 2007. … Van Dijk. (57,879 in 2007) … Bakker. (56,864 in 2007) … Janssen. (55,394 in 2007) … Visser. (50,929 in 2007)More items…•
When did they start using last names?
Over time many names became corrupted and their original meaning is now not easily seen. After 1066, the Norman barons introduced surnames into England, and the practice gradually spread. Initially, the identifying names were changed or dropped at will, but eventually they began to stick and to get passed on.
Is van a middle or last name?
It is common that von names are gentry names, but there are also commoners with von names (it is a regional thing, I seem to recall). Van is the Dutch variant, and IMHO commoner names with van are more common in the Netherlands. It's not a middle name. It means "of" as in "John of the Schmidt family".
What race is black Dutch?
"There are strong indications that the original "Black Dutch" were swarthy-complexioned Germans. Anglo-Americans loosely applied the term to any dark-complexioned American of European descent. The term was adopted [by some people] as an attempt to disguise Indian or infrequently, tri-racial descent.
Did Jesus have a last name?
Jesus does not have a last name. … Christ is not a name, but a title. Christ means "anointed" or "Messiah", so Jesus became the "Christ" or "Messiah" when he got baptized at the age of 30.
What was the first last name ever?
Until the Shang Dynasty (_PHONE_ BC), people seemed to use matrilineal surnames, but afterward, they had switched to using patrilineal ones. The oldest surname known to have been recorded anywhere in Europe, though, was in County Galway, Ireland, in the year 916. It was the name "O Cleirigh" (O'Clery).
Why are Dutch surnames so weird?
They started having a census for the purpose of taxation, and forced everyone to have a family name, which was not a common practice for the Dutch. The Dutch thought this would be a temporary measure, and took on comical or offensive sounding names as a practical joke on their French occupiers.
Why do Dutch last names start with van?
listen)) is a very common prefix in Dutch language surnames, where it is known as a tussenvoegsel. … Van is also a preposition in the Dutch and Afrikaans languages, meaning "of" or "from" depending on the context (similar to de and di in the Romance languages).
What do Dutch people look like?
Dutch people have very open views and some of the most conservative communities. But besides all this, they love bicycles and the environment. … And if you want to recognize a Dutch when you see him, here are some physical traits of Dutch heritage: tall, blonde, blue eyes, freckles, large smile, athletic.
Are Dutch and German the same race?
Nederlanders) or the Dutch, are a Germanic ethnic group and nation native to the Netherlands….Dutch people.NederlandersCanada1,112,000Australia336,000Germany128,000Belgium121,00025 more rows
What is the rarest last name?
How did the Dutch get their surnames?
Ultimately, a surname could be taken from anywhere. Typical sources included unique and sometimes unflattering nicknames, a person's patronymic, their father's patronymic, a place of origin, an occupation, or a position within the community or within their own family.


Header Articles
Incriminating Evidence On Cell Phones
March 2021
Cell phones are very useful – for telephone calls, text messaging and photographing. However, the information contained on the cell phone can be incriminating.
An abandoned cell phone
In a recent Court of Appeal case, the police were pursuing a young male driver who was driving at 160 kilometres per hour. During the chase, the driver drove off the main road into a forestry track and crashed his car into the tree. He fled the car and ran into the forest to avoid the police. When the police arrived at this car, a female passenger who was still in the car refused to identify the driver but upon being question by the police pointed at the cell phone at the passenger's footwell and confirmed that it belonged to the driver.
A Constable picked up the phone, swiped the screen and found it unlocked. The Constable came across a text message thread between the driver and another man (Mr R) including a photograph of a truck which was stolen in the area a few days ago.
A prosecution
The police used the evidence obtained from the cell phone to obtain a production order against Mr R and found the truck resulting in the arrest of Mr R, who was charged with receiving the truck stolen from commercial premises in Kawerau. He was found guilty in the District Court but appealed that conviction.
A lawful search of property
Mr R applied to the Court of Appeal to have the evidence obtained against him by the Constable on the cell phone deemed unlawful. The Court of Appeal ruled that police are entitled to lawfully search property that has been abandoned. Search and surveillance laws against unjustified intrusions of privacy do not apply to abandoned property. In this case, the cell phone had been abandoned and the police were lawfully entitled to search it and that is how they came across Mr R and the stolen truck. The Court of Appeal concluded that the evidence obtained from the cell phone could be used against Mr R. The appeal was dismissed.
This case highlights how cell phone evidence can be used by both the prosecution and the defence to their advantage. Whilst cell phone evidence will not be determinative of a case, it might assist in corroborate evidence one way or another. The convenience of cell phones is unquestionable. But you need to be aware that in certain circumstances the information contained on your cell phone can be used in evidence against you.


Divorce Can Significantly Impact a Person's Investment Portfolio
Many things can change for a person here in Colorado as a result of getting a divorce. One is what their investment portfolio looks like. This is because investments are among the assets that are sometimes marital assets and thus are sometimes subject to being split up between the divorcing spouses in the divorce asset division.
How specifically a divorcing couple's investments are dealt with in an asset division can have major portfolio-related impacts on both of the members of the couple. Among the things the specifics of an investment division in a divorce can impact for a divorcing individual are:
 - What investment-related decisions will be before them following the divorce.
 - How balanced their portfolio is.
 - Whether their portfolio has any particular holes in it.
 - What sorts of changes a person may want to make to their portfolio following the divorce.
Given the major changes a divorce can have on a person's investment portfolio, some find conducting a review of their portfolio helpful following a divorce.
Of course, paying attention to the portfolio-related impacts of a divorce is not only important after a divorce has occurred, but also during the divorce process. Given the impactful nature that how investments are divided in a divorce can have, it can be very important for a person to keep their long-term financial and investment goals in mind when in negotiations regarding such asset division. Given the many complicated issues that can happen during divorce property division and the major long-term impacts property division can have, a divorcing individual may want the help of a family law attorney when it comes to the issue of property division in their divorce.


text:
Wanted: Montana heritage keepers
The Montana Historical Society is seeking nominations from across the state to honor the people who are the backbone of preserving local and Montana history.
The historical society is looking for the kinds of people or organizations one turns to with questions about the history of the people and the events that have shaped the cities, towns and rural areas in which they live.
Each year at the Montana Historical Society's History Conference the MHS trustees present two Heritage Keeper Awards from the nominations they receive. They may also present a Heritage Guardian Award for persons or organizations for outstanding accomplishments that deserve special commendation.
Nominations must honor living individuals who have demonstrated commitment to significant Montana history projects or to the identification and preservation of objects, building or sites that have importance to local and Montana history.
Examples of potential nominees include educators, authors, genealogists, historians, preservationists, archivists and any person or group devoted to the preservation and interpretation of Montana's heritage and culture.
The 2016 Heritage Keeper Awards went to Alfred Wiseman of Choteau and Nancy Watts of Lewistown, while Evan Barrett of Butte received the Heritage Guardian Award.
Nominations must include the official nomination form, a brief explanation of the extent and significance of the body of work of the nominee and can include supporting documentation of things like news articles, commendation, letters of support and other examples of the nominees work. They are due March 15.
Nominations can be made online at montanahistoricalsociety.org, then click on top of the page "About MHS," and then click on Montana Historical Society Trustees, and at right of that page click on "Trustees Heritage Keeper Award." Those who don't have access to computers or have questions can contact Joy Lewis at _PHONE_ for the nomination form or other information.


Thermal-Aware Memory Mapping in 3D Designs
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Provided by: edaa
Topic: Storage
Format: PDF
DRAM is usually used as main memory for program execution. The thermal behavior of a memory block in a 3D SIP is affected not only by the power behavior but also the heat dissipating ability of that block. The power behavior of a block is related to the applications run on the system while the heat dissipating ability is determined by the number of tier and the position the block locates. Therefore, a thermal-aware memory allocator should consider the following two points. First, allocator should consider not only the power behavior of a memory block but also the physical location during memory mapping, second, the changing temperature of a physical block during execution of programs.
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TARDIS Index File
Planet (The Face of Evil)
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Type: Planet
Natives: Horda
Appearance: The Face of Evil
An Earth-like planet had at least part of its surface covered in dense jungle. The Horda was one of the native life forms.
In the far future, the planet was colonised by the Mordee expedition. Shortly after they arrived, the Fourth Doctor visited and assisted them in repairing their computer, Xoanon. Centuries after his original visit, the Doctor returned to the planet, only to find that the Mordee had split into two groups, the Sevateem and the Tesh, both of whom worshipped Xoanon, who had gone mad from the Doctor's efforts to help. After restoring Xoanon's sanity and reuniting the two tribes, the Doctor left, accompanied by the Sevateem warrior Leela. (TV: The Face of Evil)
There were giant jungle birds on the planet. (AUDIO: The Time Vampire)
Leela once compared the Congo in Central Africa to her planet. (AUDIO: The Ghosts of Gralstead)
There were no seasons on the planet. (AUDIO: The Child)
The jungle planet Garros reminded Leela of her home planet. (AUDIO: Zygon Hunt)
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text:
ACRYLITE® for Research Greenhouse
Researchers need controlled and stable facility conditions to ensure results are not affected. Facilities constructed with acrylic glazing provide consistent light conditions that ensure repeatability. ACRYLITE® UV transmitting sheets allow researchers to simulate outdoor growing conditions in tightly-controlled environments, utilizing the full light spectrum and eliminating the need for expensive UV lighting systems.
- materials promote optimal growing conditions
- extremely versatile materials fit for every size research greenhouse
How to prevent greenhouse condensation
Click on this link to view: Ten Reasons to Choose ACRYLITE® for Your Greenhouse


Data Centers (DC) are complex systems, which provide an environment to host Information and Technologies (IT) equipment. DCs are typically composed of a variety of components including servers, storage systems, networking infrastructures in addition to non-IT equipment such as power distribution and cooling systems. In order for a DC to function properly, all of its components need to be correctly configured and integrated. However, the variety of configurations and the interdependencies of DC sub-systems create challenges in understanding and optimizing DC complexities. In this paper, we present a system modeling approach, which supports the design of DCs and a quantitative assessment of their energy efficiency. This modeling approach aims at controlling the design complexity of DC infrastructure and ensuring the consistency of such designs. The cornerstone of our approach is a generic DC metamodel (DCMM), which captures the DCs heterogeneous structure, main characteristics, and diverse constraints. Furthermore, we propose a method to generate a Power Flow Model (PFM) from an input DC model. The PFM is then used to compute the DC Power Usage Effectiveness (PUE) metric. We evaluate the applicability of our approach through a use case of the Consortium Laval-UQAM-McGill and Eastern Quebec (CLUMEQ) data center.


text:
We are going to watch these videos about the inclined plane and the screw.
After watching these videos you have to answer these questions:
1. Energy is the ability to do WHAT?
2. Work = ×
3. Why did he slice the barrel into four barrels?
4. Lifting the barrel exerts the same amount of energy as using the plank. So why is the plank a better idea? Why is it considered a simple machine?
5. The pyramids were built using the same principle of standing on an escalator. Explain why.
1.Why is the mountain road considered a simple machine?
2. Why can't cars go straight up the side of the mountain?
3. What type of inclined plane is the road that goes up a mountain or a screw?
4.What does a screw help you do?
Now we are going to review the inclined plane filling the gaps in activity 21 from this topic made by Carles Egusquiza Bueno.
Finally, you have to answer the activity 28 from this topic.


text:
Why the Minutemen?
Prior to the late 1960s and early 1970s Massachusetts athletic teams were known as the Redmen, and before that squads were named the Aggies.
In the spring of 1972, a group of American Indians from New York wrote a letter to the school's administration asking them if they were aware of "defamatory" connotations of the word Redmen and if they would curtail the use of the word. One portion of the letter referred to "undesirable racial connotations of the Redmen nickname."
The administration replied to this letter by asking all campus personnel and media to refrain from the use of the word Redmen as much as possible. The Student Senate resolved that the nickname connoted a stereotype of violence and savagery and created a "false picture of American history."
The nickname, which began being used by the University with the 1972-73 academic year, has a historical and patriotic relationship with Massachusetts. It is a name that is uniquely linked with the Commonwealth.
As women's athletic programs evolved on campus in the 1970s, those teams became known as the Minutewomen.
Massachusetts Minutemen is a word combination with eye and ear appeal. The combination lodges quickly in the mind and falls easily from the lips.
Thus the name: The Massachusetts Minutemen.


I have a question regarding the difference between stock and flow variables.
I know that a stock variable is measured at a specific point in time $t$ and the flow of this variable is measured over time, for example from $t-1$ to $t$.
When economists compute the ratio between a stock and a flow variable in some cases they use the geometric mean for the flow variable and the unchanged stock variable. Let's take an example: A very popular ratio nowadays is "credit-to-gdp". Nearly all studies compute the credit-to-gdp ratio for year $t$ by using the stock variable of credit at $t$ and the geometric mean of gdp from $t-1$ and $t$ (for example Mendoza & Terrones, 2008 or Dell'Ariccia et al., 2012). But why are they doing this? I know the difference between the two concepts but the question for me still remains "so what?".
Consider a counter example: income per capita. Income is obviously a flow variable while the number of people in an economy is a stock variable. But as far as I know nobody is even considering using the geometric mean or something like this.
Is it just a habit, a practical issue (if we have the data we do it if not we don't) or is there really a logical (mathematical) reason behind this approach? So far I was not able to find a convincing answer and I get the feeling that this is just a method to smooth the data a little bit.
 - $\begingroup$ Welcome to the site. It's a good question, but the title doesn't really summarise what you are asking, and could suggest you are just asking what the difference is between a stock and a flow. You might consider editing the title to something like "Why use geometric mean of GDP when calculating ratio of credit to GDP?" $\endgroup$ – Adam Bailey Mar 2 '18 at 9:42
 - $\begingroup$ Thank you for your comment. I edited to title of the Question. $\endgroup$ – PAS Mar 2 '18 at 9:42
 - $\begingroup$ This is the sort of thing that is supposed to be explained in academic papers; however, it would probably be a cryptic one sentence comment. I am not familiar with this literature, but GDP is just a scaling factor. Just using one GDP data point probably results in a noisier series. By averaging GDP, changes in the ratio are driven more by the change in credit, which is what the authors are interested in. $\endgroup$ – Brian Romanchuk Mar 4 '18 at 13:37
 - $\begingroup$ Maybe another justification for the geometric mean - besides the smoothing aspect - could be duo to the danger of measurement errors in gdp. Looking at the literature a little bit more the first paper that is using the gdp-to-credit ratio with geometric mean is this one: researchgate.net/profile/Pierre-Olivier_Gourinchas/publication/… which quotes a paper on financial crises and economic development/deepening as a source for using the geo mean. $\endgroup$ – PAS Mar 5 '18 at 14:11
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Gravity QML Type
For applying acceleration in an angle. More...
Import Statement: import QtQuick.Particles
Inherits:
Affector
Properties
Detailed Description
This element will accelerate all affected particles to a vector of the specified magnitude in the specified angle. If the angle and acceleration do not vary, it is more efficient to set the specified acceleration on the Emitter.
This element models the gravity of a massive object whose center of gravity is far away (and thus the gravitational pull is effectively constant across the scene). To model the gravity of an object near or inside the scene, use PointAttractor.
Property Documentation
angle : real
Angle of acceleration.
magnitude : real
Pixels per second that objects will be accelerated by.
© 2023 The Qt Company Ltd. Documentation contributions included herein are the copyrights of their respective owners. The documentation provided herein is licensed under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License version 1.3 as published by the Free Software Foundation. Qt and respective logos are trademarks of The Qt Company Ltd. in Finland and/or other countries worldwide. All other trademarks are property of their respective owners.


text:
P M Dinil Prasad, 28, from Kannur, who won the award for his excellent performance in the fisheries sector, has been undertaking cage fish farming under the guidance of the CMFRI.
The newly described one is the fifth queenfish from Indian waters. All over the world, three queen fishes were extinct earlier.
Approximately 200 tonnes of baby black clams were released in Keecheri and Chakkathukadu areas of the Vembanad Lake under the technical guidance of CMFRI
The administration has started farming species like indigenous red algae, Gracilaria edulis and Acanthophora spicifera in nearly 2500 bamboo rafts involving 10 women's self-help groups


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Individual personalities predict social behaviour in wild networks of great tits (Parus major)
Authors
Abstract
Social environments have an important effect on a range of ecological processes, and form a crucial component of selection. However, little is known of the link between personality, social behaviour and population structure. We combine a well-understood personality trait with large-scale social networks in wild songbirds, and show that personality underpins multiple aspects of social organisation. First, we demonstrate a relationship between network centrality and personality with 'proactive' (fast-exploring) individuals associating weakly with greater numbers of conspecifics and moving between flocks. Second, temporal stability of associations relates to personality: 'reactive' (slow-exploring) birds form synergistically stable relationships. Finally, we show that personality influences social structure, with males non-randomly distributed across groups. These results provide strong evidence that songbirds follow alternative social strategies related to personality. This has implications not only for the causes of social network structure but also for the strength and direction of selection on personality in natural populations.
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Ancillary


ReSharper 2018.1 Help
Managing Assembly Lists
To apply order to the way you work with multiple assemblies, and also to support switching between different sets of assemblies, ReSharper organizes assemblies and folders into assembly lists. You can work with different assembly lists depending on your context. You can save and reopen assembly lists, or clear the current list if you no longer need it.
To save current assembly list
 1. Click Save Assembly List ThemedIcon WorkspaceSave Screen Gray on the Assembly Explorer toolbar.
 2. Specify a name and location for the assembly list file.
To load a saved assembly list
 1. Click Open Assembly List ThemedIcon WorkspaceLoad Screen Gray on the Assembly Explorer toolbar.
 2. Select an assembly list file (*.dpl).
When you expand an assembly in the Assembly Explorer window, you can see the list of referenced assemblies under the References node. The referenced assemblies do not expand further; however, you can explore them by adding to the root level of the Assembly Explorer.
To explore referenced assemblies
 1. Expand the References node of an assembly and select a reference to the assembly that you want to explore further.
 2. Double-click on the reference or right-click on the reference and choose Show at root level.
 3. The assembly will be added to the assembly list so that you can explore its contents.
Last modified: 11 July 2018
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What's The Difference: Menudo Vs. Igado
Here are the ingredients that make these two Filipino dishes different.
IMAGE Majoy Siason
ILLUSTRATOR Roselle Miranda
Many pork stew recipes have similar ingredients. It's made with pork, it has chunks of vegetables, and is stewed in a flavorful sauce that brings the dish together into a satisfying meal.
While these may all seem the same, it's the tiny differences in ingredients that make these pork stews different from each other. In the case of menudo and igado, the two dishes actually share many similarities while the differences are minimal.
Both are pork stews with pork liver. Each is a savory, tangy stew that uses a few similar ingredients such as soy sauce that replaces the salt and a sour ingredient to complement the savoriness. Each also has a few ingredients that differentiate it from the other. Here are those differences:
1 Menudo is a saucy stew. Igado is cooked until almost dry.
A sauce is common for stews. Stews are dishes that are simmered, usually over low heat or flame, so that not only will the meat tenderize in this time, the ingredients that make up the sauce or liquid will also become more flavorful through the long cooking time.
For the menudo, this means it results in a thick tomato-based sauce that coats each chunk. For igado, the savory sauce is sometimes simmered until almost dry. This doesn't mean igado is dry, only that the pork absorbs most of the flavors as it simmers. This thick and concentrated sauce then coats the pork and other ingredients, resulting in a dish that is less saucy than menudo but also one that's super flavorful.
Photo by Riell Santos
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Menudo uses small cubes of pork. Igado uses pork sliced into strips.
One look at both dishes will tell you what is served: if the pork pieces have been cut into small cubes, chances are the dish is a menudo. If you see pork strips along with the bell peppers, it's igado
While you can easily change up the cuts of the pork, these are the common pork cuts that you'll find for these two dishes.
Photo by Riell Santos
Menudo has potatoes and carrots. Igado uses green peas and bell peppers.
Another quick look at the two dishes reveals that even the vegetables are different.
While menudo sticks to the usual root vegetables many stews use, namely, potatoes and carrots, igado veers away from those common ingredients. Instead, it takes a page from another stew, the kaldereta, and uses green peas and bell peppers to accompany the pork. The green peas are added nutrition and color but the bell peppers give the igado its unique sweet, bitter flavor that makes it taste different.
Menudo uses tomato sauce. Igado uses vinegar.
This might be the most telling difference when it comes to taste. While the look of the dish can instantly tell you that you're eating a different dish, the taste of each dish will definitely solidify your opinion.
Give menudo a taste and you'll notice that the main ingredient in the sauce is the tangy tomatoes seasoned with soy sauce. There's an underlying sweetness to it, too. It's might be from the raisins that were tossed in or the sugar that not only sweetens but also helps balance the flavor of the sour tomatoes.
The igado however uses a different souring ingredient instead of tomato sauce: vinegar. You might actually think that igado is another kind of adobo, since it uses the same two main ingredients, soy sauce and vinegar. However, its other ingredients, namely the pork liver and the bell peppers, that make this beloved Ilocano recipe taste even more different than even the adobo
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text:
The Sales per Square Foot KPI measures how much sales revenue you are able to generate for each foot of retail space provided. Use the following formula when calculating the sales per square foot KPI:
Total Net Sales ÷ Total Floor Area
This a popular retail sales KPI because it clearly demonstrates how effective your store layout and retail personnel are at selling product. As such, this KPI is important when redesigning or modernizing retail outlets, and will be the ultimate indicator of whether that redesign was successful or not. Many of the largest retailers will use a similar design concept for all of their stores, and will go to great lengths to ensure uniformity in each location. Therefore, the sales per square foot KPI can also be used to identify when cultural differences are impacting sales and warrant further investigation.
- Sales revenue: Income received through sales activities.
- A high and/or increasing sales per square foot for one or more locations.


text: Individual farmers subjectively perceive the attributes of green agricultural innovations and their subsequent benefits. Qualifying this knowledge is important, but past efforts have largely been unsystematic. This systematic study assesses the structure of perceived attributes of sustainable agricultural practices. Through a survey of Malaysian vegetable farmers, the results of confirmatory factor analysis indicate that the most robust structure consists of four attributes. The four important attributes are relative advantage, compatibility, complexity and trialability. Among them, measures are required to link non-economic benefits to profitability to the attribute of relative advantage. Our work represents a guide to assist change agents to evaluate farmer perceptions at different locations systematically. This structured method will help effectively to design and promote sustainable agriculture and other green agricultural innovations.


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Insight into plant behavior could aid quest for efficient biofuels
Researchers at the University of Edinburgh have found that the tiny organism has developed coping mechanisms for when its main food source is in short supply.
Understanding these processes will help scientists develop crops that can survive when nutrients are scarce and to grow high-yield plants for use as biofuels.
The alga normally feeds by ingesting nitrogen from surrounding seawater but, when levels are low, it reduces its intake and instead absorbs other nutrients, such as carbon and phosphorus, from the water. The organism is also able to recycle nitrogen from its own body, breaking down proteins that are plentiful to make other proteins that it needs to survive.
Nitrogen is needed by all plants to survive but the alga's survival strategies vary from most other plants which, when nitrogen is scarce, tend to widen their search for it.
Like many organisms, the alga Ostreococcus tauri is also driven by daylight and its body clock for example, proteins that produce starch for food are active in the evening, after the plant has photosynthesised sugars from sunlight in the day.
The study, in the Journal of Proteomics, was funded by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council and the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council.
Dr Sarah Martin, of the University of Edinburgh, who took part in the study, said: "This tiny alga certainly punches above its weight when it comes to survival. Our study has revealed some curious ways in which the organism finds the nutrients it needs to stay alive tricks like these could be useful to us in developing sustainable crops for the future."
Contact: Catriona Kelly
University of Edinburgh
Page: 1
Related biology news :
1. Study provides insight on a common heart rhythm disorder
2. New molecular insight into vertebrate brain development
3. New insight into the controls on a go-to enzyme
4. New papers offer insights into process of malarial drug resistance
5. Rong Li Lab offers insight into adaptive ability of cells
6. New infant feeding and obesity research adds insight to ongoing issue
7. Mixing genomics and geography yields insights into life and environment
8. New insight into how bees see
9. New insights into a leading poultry disease and its risks to human health
10. New paper offers key insights into how new species emerge
11. Mixed population provides insights into human genetic makeup
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A Long Goodbye
A Long Goodbye
Barbara Rachko
Soft pastel on sandpaper
The Black Paintings is a series of pastel-on-sandpaper paintings that use cultural objects as surrogates for human beings acting in mysterious, highly-charged narratives. In the Black Paintings the figures (actors) take central stage. All background details, furniture, rugs, etc. are eliminated and replaced by intense dark black pastel. Each painting takes months to complete as Barbara slowly layers and blends up to 30 layers of soft pastel.
The idea for the Black Paintings began when I attended a jazz history course and learned how Miles Davis developed cool jazz from bebop. In bebop the notes were played hard and fast as musicians showcased their technical virtuosity. Cool jazz was a much more relaxed style with fewer notes, i.e., the music was pared down to its essentials. Similarly this series evolved from dense, complex visual compositions into paintings that depict only the essential elements—the actors. As the series evolves what is left out becomes increasingly more important, resulting in more demands being placed on the viewer. – Barbara Rachko
Available framed (35 x 28.5 in)
26 x 20 in. (66 x 51 cm.)


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Project: RSpec Rails 2.14
Transactions
When you run rails generate rspec:install, the spec/spec_helper.rb file
includes the following configuration:
RSpec.configure do |config|
 config.use_transactional_fixtures = true
end
The name of this setting is a bit misleading. What it really means in Rails
is "run every test method within a transaction." In the context of rspec-rails,
it means "run every example within a transaction."
The idea is to start each example with a clean database, create whatever data
is necessary for that example, and then remove that data by simply rolling back
the transaction at the end of the example.
Disabling transactions
If you prefer to manage the data yourself, or using another tool like
database_cleaner to do it for you,
simply tell RSpec to tell Rails not to manage transactions:
RSpec.configure do |config|
 config.use_transactional_fixtures = false
end
Data created in before(:each) are rolled back
Any data you create in a before(:each) hook will be rolled back at the end of
the example. This is a good thing because it means that each example is
isolated from state that would otherwise be left around by the examples that
already ran. For example:
describe Widget do
 before(:each) do
 @widget = Widget.create
 end
 it "does something" do
 expect(@widget).to do_something
 end
 it "does something else" do
 expect(@widget).to do_something_else
 end
end
The @widget is recreated in each of the two examples above, so each example
has a different object, and the underlying data is rolled back so the data
backing the @widget in each example is new.
Data created in before(:all) are not rolled back
before(:all) hooks are invoked before the transaction is opened. You can use
this to speed things up by creating data once before any example in a group is
run, however, this introduces a number of complications and you should only do
this if you have a firm grasp of the implications. Here are a couple of
guidelines:
 1. Be sure to clean up any data in an after(:all) hook:
 before(:all) do
 @widget = Widget.create!
 end

 after(:all) do
 @widget.destroy
 end

 If you don't do that, you'll leave data lying around that will eventually
 interfere with other examples.
 2. Reload the object in a before(:each) hook.
 before(:all) do
 @widget = Widget.create!
 end

 before(:each) do
 @widget.reload
 end

 Even though database updates in each example will be rolled back, the
 object won't know about those rollbacks so the object and its backing
 data can easily get out of sync.
Last published over 2 years ago by alindeman.


text:
Winner of the William Sanders Scarborough Prize of the Modern Language Association
Standard literary criticism tends to either ignore or downplay the unorthodox tradition of black experimental writing that emerged in the wake of protests against colonization and Jim Crow–era segregation. Histories of African American literature likewise have a hard time accounting for the distinctiveness of experimental writing, which is part of a general shift in emphasis among black writers away from appeals for social recognition or raising consciousness. In Freedom Time, Anthony Reed offers a theoretical reading of "black experimental writing" that presents the term both as a profound literary development and as a concept for analyzing how writing challenges us to rethink the relationships between race and literary techniques.
Through extended analyses of works by African American and Afro-Caribbean writers—including N. H. Pritchard, Suzan-Lori Parks, NourbeSe Philip, Kamau Brathwaite, Claudia Rankine, Douglas Kearney, Harryette Mullen, and Nathaniel Mackey—Reed develops a new sense of the literary politics of formally innovative writing and the connections between literature and politics since the 1960s.
Freedom Time reclaims the power of experimental black voices by arguing that readers and critics must see them as more than a mere reflection of the politics of social protest and identity formation. With an approach informed by literary, cultural, African American, and feminist studies, Reed shows how reworking literary materials and conventions liberates writers to push the limits of representation and expression.
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Grain Corn Maturity and Yield Estimating
The grain corn crop in Manitoba should have completed the silking stage (R1) and moved on to the blister stage (R2), by now. Generally, the crop is behind "normal" for this time of year, but accumulated crop heat units are on par. It is safe to say that we can use some good rainfalls and high (but not too high) daily and overnight temperatures to move the crop along and enable the plant to fill grain in a timely manner. In 2019, the crop was wanting to start shutting down at this point and plants were very slow to fill grain completely before black layer.
Below is a quick review of the reproductive stages that Manitoba corn producers are currently working with:
Silking Stage (R1)
 - Silks are visible outside the husk
 - Silks are pollinated within 4 – 10 days after tassel emergence. Each silk is attached to an individual ovule, or potential kernel.
 - Pollen lands on a silk and germinates to produce pollen tube, which must grow down the entire length of the silk before fertilization can occur.
 - Good growing conditions are vital for successful silking and pollination.
Corn maturity 01
Figure 1. Corn at Silking Stage (R1)
Blister Stage (R2)
 - Kernels are white on the outside and resemble a blister in shape.
 - Starch is beginning to accumulate and the kernels are starting a period of rapid dry matter accumulation, lasting 30 – 40 days.
Corn maturity 02
Figure 2. Corn at Blistering Stage (R2)
Milk Stage (R3)
 - Kernels are yellow in colour and inner fluid is milky white, due to starch accumulation.
 - Grain filling and dry matter accumulation is still occurring at a rapid rate.
 - Kernel moisture is about 80%.
Corn maturity 03
Figure 3: Measurements for each reproductive stage of corn development and how a killing frost would affect yield at that stage.
Producers and agronomists should be assessing each grain corn field now for yield estimates. Now that pollination is complete, we have an excellent idea of how many kernels have been pollinated, and it looks like this year we did have great pollination, filling cobs to the tip.
The following is taken from Dr. R.L. (Bob) Nielsen on estimating corn grain yield prior to harvest. Dr. Nielsen has some excellent articles on corn production that are worth looking into. (
 1. At each estimation site, measure off a length of a single row equal to 1/1000th acre. For 30-inch (2.5 feet) rows, this equals 17.4 linear feet.
 TIP: For other row spacings, divide 43,560 by the row spacing (in feet) and then divide that result by 1000 (e.g., [43,560 / 2.5] / 1000 = 17.4 ft).
Corn maturity 04
Figure 4. Row length required to measure 1/1000th acre in various row widths – Ontario Grain Farmer (
 1. Count and record the number of ears on the plants in the 1/1000th acre of row that you deem to be harvestable.
 TIP: Do not count dropped ears or those on severely lodged plants unless you are confident that the combine header will be able to retrieve them.
 2. For every 5th ear in the sample row, record the number of complete kernel rows per ear and average number of kernels per row. Then multiply each ear's row number by its number of kernels per row to calculate the total number of kernels for each ear.
 TIPS: Do not sample nubbins or obviously odd ears, unless they fairly represent the sample area. If row number changes from butt to tip (e.g., pinched ears due to stress), estimate an average row number for the ear. Don't count the extreme butt or tip kernels, but rather begin and end where you perceive there are complete "rings" of kernels around the cob. Do not count aborted kernels. If kernel numbers per row are uneven among the rows of an ear, estimate an average value for kernel number per row.
 3. Calculate the average number of kernels per ear by summing the values for all the sampled ears and dividing by the number of ears.
 EXAMPLE: For five sample ears with 480, 500, 450, 600, and 525 kernels per ear, the average number of kernels per ear would equal:
 (480 + 500 + 450 + 600 + 525) divided by 5 = 511
 4. Estimate the yield for each site by multiplying the ear number (Step 2) by the average number of kernels per ear (Step 4) and then dividing that result by a kernel weight "fudge factor". Unless your seed company can provide some insight into kernel weight values for their hybrids, I suggest simply performing separate calculations using "fudge factor" kernel weight values equal to 75, 85, and 95. This range of values probably represents that most commonly experienced in the central Corn Belt.
Corn maturity 05
Figure 5. Grain corn yield estimate formula – Iowa State University (
Example: Let's say you counted 30 harvestable ears at the first thousandth-acre sampling site. Let's also assume that the average number of kernels per ear, based on sampling every 5th ear in the sampling row, was 511. Using "fudge factor" values of 75, 85, and 95; the estimated range in yield for that sampled site would (30 x 511) divided by 75 = 204, or divided by 85 = 180, or divided by 95 = 161 bushels per acre.
Repeat the procedure throughout field as many times as you deem representative. Tally and average the results separately for each "fudge factor" used for the calculations.
Remember that this year we have very uneven uniformity in most corn fields, which will influence the accuracy of any yield estimation technique. The less uniform the field, the greater the number of samples that should be taken to estimate yield for the field.
Article written by Morgan Cott, Agronomy Extension Specialist (Special Crops) with Manitoba Crop Alliance


What should be on a medical alert bracelet?
What should be on a medical alert bracelet?
What should I put on Roadid?
You should include their full name and number. Their relationship to you is optional but could be helpful. It's also a good idea to list a second or even a third contact on a medical ID bracelet in case your primary contact can't be reached.
What should I engrave on my medical ID bracelet?
We recommend engraving:
 - First and Last Name.
 - Medical Conditions.
 - Allergies.
 - Current Medications.
 - Treatment Considerations or Restrictions.
 - In Case of Emergency (ICE) Phone Numbers.
28-Aug-2020
Should you take off your red bracelet?
Sealing a red bracelet means you are to ward off negative energy, to allow for luck to return in its place. Tradition shows, once on your left wrist, you should not cut or take the scarlet string off. Instead you should wait for it to loosen and fall off on its own accord.
What do you engrave on a medical bracelet?
Items to Put or Engrave on Your Medical ID Bracelet
 - Your name. Your name isn't the only thing you need to put on a medical ID bracelet, but it is one of the most important things.
 - Your medical conditions.
 - Your allergies.
 - Your medications.
 - Supplies you might have with you.
 - Emergency contact information.
02-Jun-2022
What does ICD stand for on medical bracelet?
What is an implantable cardioverter defibrillator? An implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) is a small electronic device connected to the heart. It is used to continuously monitor and help regulate potentially fast and life-threatening electrical problems with the heart.
What does ICD stand for on a medical bracelet?
What is an implantable cardioverter defibrillator? An implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) is a small electronic device connected to the heart. It is used to continuously monitor and help regulate potentially fast and life-threatening electrical problems with the heart.
What arm do you wear a red string bracelet on?
left wrist
Which Wrist Do I Wear a Red Bracelet on? The meaning of a red bracelet is signified when worn on the left wrist. It is believed that the left hand side of your body is the receiving side, as it is closest to your heart.
What does a pink string on your wrist mean?
marriage
It may denote marriage, often being worn on the left wrist by married women. The red thread may also symbolize protection or faith.
What does a white string bracelet mean?
The white thread is symbolic of "peace, harmony, good fortune, good health and human warmth and community". The thread is worn by an individual normally for a minimum of three days and is untied thereafter (thread is not to be cut).
What does purple string mean?
We've created this deep, rich purple string bracelet to support Domestic Violence awareness, and Pancreatic Cancer Research. You can wear it if you just like purple! Purple silk is glammed-up with gold chain and nuggets, to give the traditional Kabbalah bracelet a bit of an update.
What does the purple string bracelet mean?
We've created this deep, rich purple string bracelet to support Domestic Violence awareness, and Pancreatic Cancer Research. You can wear it if you just like purple!
What does an orange string bracelet mean?
It symbolizes innocence and protection, lucidity and knowledge. It's a spiritual color that represents the highest possible frequency. Orange colored bracelets represent the sacral chakra. Wear these if you feel like your ability to stay in the moment is lacking.
What do wristband colors mean?
YELLOW GOLD (AMBER) – childhood cancer. LIME GREEN – lymph nodes cancer. GREEN – gall bladder & liver cancer, cerebral palsy, organ donation, mental health, missing children, literacy, dwarfism. SEAFOAM GREEN – Celiac disease, speech impediments. TEAL – ovarian & cervical cancer, Tourette syndrome, food allergies.
What does a black wrist band mean?
Black wristbands display mourning and advocate sleep disorders. They're also used in conjunction with white wristbands to promote Black Lives Matter. Black bracelets may also represent prisoners of war, 9/11, gang prevention, skin cancer research or counter-culture movements.
What does a clear wristband mean?
Clear wristbands have been previously used to demonstrate the fight against invisible illnesses, and as such related conditions have adopted clear and white bracelets to promote their cause.
What bracelet colors mean?
YELLOW GOLD (AMBER) – childhood cancer. LIME GREEN – lymph nodes cancer. GREEN – gall bladder & liver cancer, cerebral palsy, organ donation, mental health, missing children, literacy, dwarfism. SEAFOAM GREEN – Celiac disease, speech impediments. TEAL – ovarian & cervical cancer, Tourette syndrome, food allergies.
What does a white wrist band mean?
White wristbands, often with gray text, represent traumatic brain injury awareness. White or pearl colored can be a symbol for lung cancer. White bracelets have been used in the White Ribbon campaign to prevent violence against women.
What does a white bracelet mean?
Lung cancer is denoted by wearing a white bracelet.


How Much Should A Guinea Pig Weigh?
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Guinea pigs can live long lives – even up to 9 years. With proper care, many guinea pig owners are able to extend their pets' lives – going beyond their normal lifespan. But properly caring for a guinea pig has its own challenges, especially when it comes to the critter's health.
A healthy guinea pig would be distinguishable when you look closely at its eyes, nose, fur, and bottom part.
One of the most obvious determinants of health would be the guinea pig's own weight. An increase or decrease in weight says a lot about a guinea pig's condition. With this being said, exactly how much should a guinea pig weigh?
animal weight balanca
Why It Matters?
Because they are prey animals, guinea pigs have become adept at hiding what they're feeling so as not to show any signs of weakness that their predators would surely take advantage of. This would include whatever pain and weakness that they may feel. While guinea pigs have already come far from their wild origins, they have kept this trait even through their domestication.
Their ability to mask their emotions makes it difficult to assess the true conditions of guinea pigs. Thankfully, their appearance isn't something they can easily hide, especially their weight. Monitoring their weight could help you prevent your pet from becoming overweight or underweight.
Changes in weight could become dangerous for guinea pigs. Here's why:
When a guinea pig becomes overweight, or worse, obese, it can damage its overall health. This is because guinea pigs' bones aren't designed to handle too much weight. Not only that, the added weight makes them highly susceptible to arthritis, high blood pressure, and heart disease.
This could ultimately shorten the guinea pigs' lifespan. Since guinea pigs are naturally carnivores and eat little fat, becoming overweight is quite uncommon for their kind. If you have an overweight or obese guinea pig, you can get it into a reducing diet.
If a guinea pig becomes underweight despite giving it a well-balanced diet, you should take it immediately to a veterinarian because chances are, parasites have infested its body or it is suffering from a genetic disease.
cute american guinea pig
Ideal Guinea Pig Weight
Guinea pigs can grow from 8 to 11 inches long and their weight should always be relative to their size.
While the ideal weight of a guinea pig can best be determined by its size, males should weigh around 900 to 1200 grams or 1.98 to 2.65 pounds. The average guinea pig weight for females, on the other hand, is around 700 to 900 grams or 1.54 to 1.98 pounds.
Guinea pig weight can be affected by several factors including sex, breed, and even litter size wherein the bigger the litter, the lighter the pups. When they are born, expect guinea pig pups to be somewhere between 60 and 120 grams. Usually, the smallest pup in the litter should be given close monitoring because it is the most at risk of not surviving.
As they grow up, you may notice them gaining weight at an incredible rate – about 30 to 50 grams per week. However, as they reach maturity, you would find the weight gain slowing down or halting. When they fully mature, males (boars) are often 20 to 25 percent bigger than females (sows).
Monitoring Guinea Pig Weight
Constantly keeping track of your guinea pig's weight is important because conditions like malocclusion, bloat, anorexia, and digestive problems are all too common with these animals. Using a digital weighing scale, monitor your guinea pig's weight at least once a week.
Placing the guinea pig in a bowl during the weighing process can help if your pet is moving a lot. Just don't forget to subtract the weight of the bowl so you don't get inaccurate readings.
If you think your guinea pig isn't feeling too well or is not eating normally, keep track of the critter's weight twice a day.
Sizing Guinea Pigs
Sizing your guinea pigs is a good way to make sure your pet is in an ideal weight. Typical guinea pig sizes would include: very thin, thin, normal, overweight, and obese.
 - Very Thin
One of the defining characteristics of a very thin guinea pig is their prominent ribs. Each rib could be felt easily along with the spine and the hips. Since they are very prominent and visible, even with the slightest touch, you'd be able to feel them.
Furthermore, the spine would appear hunched and there is also a visible under-abdominal curve. A very thin guinea pig would be 20 percent below the ideal body weight.
If your pet falls under this category, there is no doubt that it is underweight. Consult your veterinarian to find out any underlying medical causes as to why the guinea pig is underweight. If your pet is deemed unhealthy, the vet may advise a dietary and lifestyle change for your guinea pig.
 - Thin
Unlike the first size category, thin guinea pigs do not have prominent rib cages, spine or hips. However, if you touch them, they will be easily felt. There will still be an abdominal curve but it would be less than that of a very thin guinea pig.
If your pet is thin, there is a chance that it naturally has a lean physique or it is underweight. Just to be sure you can consult with your veterinarian about your pet's size. Usually, guinea pigs of this category weigh around 10 to 20 percent below the average.
 - Normal
This is the ideal guinea pig size. When your pet is of a normal or ideal size, there will be no prominent rib cage, hips or spine. The ribs couldn't be felt individually but the same cannot be said with the hips and spine. There won't be an abdominal curve and the chest would be narrower than the bottom area.
If your pet is of a normal body size, it can help extend the guinea pig's lifespan. However, you also bear the responsibility of maintaining this body size. To do that, you would need to closely monitor the guinea pig's weight and make sure it eats a stable healthy diet.
 - Overweight
When a guinea pig is overweight, it is usually 10 to 15 percent above the ideal weight. Since there is more weight, the ribs would be more difficult to locate while the hips and spine would not be easily felt. Furthermore, you may notice that an overweight guinea pig's feet will not always be visible.
An overweight guinea pig is at risk of having a shorter life along with medical conditions like heart disease, arthritis, and high blood pressure among others.
Just like with underweight guinea pigs, you may need to consult with a vet in order to determine the cause of your pet's excessive weight. This is usually caused by an unhealthy lifestyle but there is also a possibility that your guinea pig is suffering from a medical condition.
The vet would guide you on how to proceed with reducing the weight of your pet guinea pig.
 - Obese
The heaviest of body types, guinea pigs suffering from obesity are often 15 to 20 percent above the ideal weight. Obese cavies have ribs, hips, and spines that are unable to be felt unless dealt with pressure which may harm your pet. The body shape is also not distinguishable and its belly may be touching the floor causing the feet not to be seen.
Obesity is a dangerous condition and makes the guinea pig highly susceptible to numerous health complications. This is why you should seek professional help immediately if you don't want to lose your pet prematurely.
Domesticated guinea pigs rely on their owners to survive and the lifestyle they build is mainly influenced by the decisions their pet parents make for them. Because of this, you would need to be responsible for raising your pet. To do this, you have to set a proper diet for them that would include all the food they need to meet their nutritional requirements and making sure that you do not overfeed or underfeed them.
You even need to play a big role in their physical activities; providing them with opportunities to stay active. Furthermore, it would be your job to monitor their health. If you notice any fluctuations in your pet's weight, you have to find out their causes or take the animal to the vet to help you out.
Guinea pigs live fairly long lives but only if you raise them right.
Carlye Yancey
Carlye Yancey
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Version: 2.1.0
Client architecture
Theme aliases
A theme works by exporting a set of components, e.g. Navbar, Layout, Footer, to render the data passed down from plugins. Docusaurus and users use these components by importing them using the @theme webpack alias:
import Navbar from '@theme/Navbar';
The alias @theme can refer to a few directories, in the following priority:
 1. A user's website/src/theme directory, which is a special directory that has the higher precedence.
 2. A Docusaurus theme package's theme directory.
 3. Fallback components provided by Docusaurus core (usually not needed).
This is called a layered architecture: a higher-priority layer providing the component would shadow a lower-priority layer, making swizzling possible. Given the following structure:
website
├── node_modules
│ └── @docusaurus/theme-classic
│ └── theme
│ └── Navbar.js
└── src
└── theme
└── Navbar.js
website/src/theme/Navbar.js takes precedence whenever @theme/Navbar is imported. This behavior is called component swizzling. If you are familiar with Objective C where a function's implementation can be swapped during runtime, it's the exact same concept here with changing the target @theme/Navbar is pointing to!
We already talked about how the "userland theme" in src/theme can re-use a theme component through the @theme-original alias. One theme package can also wrap a component from another theme, by importing the component from the initial theme, using the @theme-init import.
Here's an example of using this feature to enhance the default theme CodeBlock component with a react-live playground feature.
import InitialCodeBlock from '@theme-init/CodeBlock';
import React from 'react';
export default function CodeBlock(props) {
return props.live ? (
<ReactLivePlayground {...props} />
) : (
<InitialCodeBlock {...props} />
);
}
Check the code of @docusaurus/theme-live-codeblock for details.
warning
Unless you want to publish a re-usable "theme enhancer" (like @docusaurus/theme-live-codeblock), you likely don't need @theme-init.
It can be quite hard to wrap your mind around these aliases. Let's imagine the following case with a super convoluted setup with three themes/plugins and the site itself all trying to define the same component. Internally, Docusaurus loads these themes as a "stack".
+-------------------------------------------------+
| 'website/src/theme/CodeBlock.js' | <-- '@theme/CodeBlock' always points to the top
+-------------------------------------------------+
| 'theme-live-codeblock/theme/CodeBlock/index.js' | <-- '@theme-original/CodeBlock' points to the topmost non-swizzled component
+-------------------------------------------------+
| 'plugin-awesome-codeblock/theme/CodeBlock.js' |
+-------------------------------------------------+
| 'theme-classic/theme/CodeBlock/index.js' | <-- '@theme-init/CodeBlock' always points to the bottom
+-------------------------------------------------+
The components in this "stack" are pushed in the order of preset plugins > preset themes > plugins > themes > site, so the swizzled component in website/src/theme always comes out on top because it's loaded last.
@theme/* always points to the topmost component—when CodeBlock is swizzled, all other components requesting @theme/CodeBlock receive the swizzled version.
@theme-original/* always points to the topmost non-swizzled component. That's why you can import @theme-original/CodeBlock in the swizzled component—it points to the next one in the "component stack", a theme-provided one. Plugin authors should not try to use this because your component could be the topmost component and cause a self-import.
@theme-init/* always points to the bottommost component—usually, this comes from the theme or plugin that first provides this component. Individual plugins / themes trying to enhance code block can safely use @theme-init/CodeBlock to get its basic version. Site creators should generally not use this because you likely want to enhance the topmost instead of the bottommost component. It's also possible that the @theme-init/CodeBlock alias does not exist at all—Docusaurus only creates it when it points to a different one from @theme-original/CodeBlock, i.e. when it's provided by more than one theme. We don't waste aliases!
Client modules
Client modules are part of your site's bundle, just like theme components. However, they are usually side-effect-ful. Client modules are anything that can be imported by Webpack—CSS, JS, etc. JS scripts usually work on the global context, like registering event listeners, creating global variables...
These modules are imported globally before React even renders the initial UI.
@docusaurus/core/App.tsx
// How it works under the hood
import '@generated/client-modules';
Plugins and sites can both declare client modules, through getClientModules and siteConfig.clientModules, respectively.
Client modules are called during server-side rendering as well, so remember to check the execution environment before accessing client-side globals.
mySiteGlobalJs.js
import ExecutionEnvironment from '@docusaurus/ExecutionEnvironment';
if (ExecutionEnvironment.canUseDOM) {
// As soon as the site loads in the browser, register a global event listener
window.addEventListener('keydown', (e) => {
if (e.code === 'Period') {
location.assign(location.href.replace('.com', '.dev'));
}
});
}
CSS stylesheets imported as client modules are global.
mySiteGlobalCss.css
/* This stylesheet is global. */
.globalSelector {
color: red;
}
Client module lifecycles
Besides introducing side-effects, client modules can optionally export two lifecycle functions: onRouteUpdate and onRouteDidUpdate.
Because Docusaurus builds a single-page application, script tags will only be executed the first time the page loads, but will not re-execute on page transitions. These lifecycles are useful if you have some imperative JS logic that should execute every time a new page has loaded, e.g., to manipulate DOM elements, to send analytics data, etc.
For every route transition, there will be several important timings:
 1. The user clicks a link, which causes the router to change its current location.
 2. Docusaurus preloads the next route's assets, while keeping displaying the current page's content.
 3. The next route's assets have loaded.
 4. The new location's route component gets rendered to DOM.
onRouteUpdate will be called at event (2), and onRouteDidUpdate will be called at (4). They both receive the current location and the previous location (which can be null, if this is the first screen).
onRouteUpdate can optionally return a "cleanup" callback, which will be called at (3). For example, if you want to display a progress bar, you can start a timeout in onRouteUpdate, and clear the timeout in the callback. (The classic theme already provides an nprogress integration this way.)
Note that the new page's DOM is only available during event (4). If you need to manipulate the new page's DOM, you'll likely want to use onRouteDidUpdate, which will be fired as soon as the DOM


text:
The beautiful country New Zealand is famous for its beaches with staggering beauty, its mountains covered with snow, its ancient glaciers, and its indigenous Maori culture. And if you are planning a tour to visit this small island nation, the first thing you need to know is what time is best to visit New Zealand. Well, maybe you are thinking why? Let me tell you the reason.
Arrowtown, New Zealand
New Zealand's climate varies wildly and the weather here is hard to predict. It's because New Zealand is long and narrow, it is made up of two main islands and some smaller islands. The two main islands: the North Island and the South Island are separated by Cook Strait, 22 kilometers wide at its narrowest point. Conditions vary sharply across regions from subtropical in Northland to too cold in alpine areas of the South Island.
That's why you need to figure out a suitable time to visit your destination in New Zealand before planning a trip. So let's see when the best time for your trip is.
What is the best time to visit New Zealand?
Summertime: December – February
New Zealand's summer season runs from December to February. With average high temperatures ranging from 20-24oC (68-75oF) in North Island and from 19-23oC (66-73oF) in South Island, summer in here is hot but still pleasant. Sunshine hours are long, can last up until 9.30 pm, and rain is not too common in most places.
This is the most popular time to visit New Zealand because many beaches and lakes are at their perfect time to cool off. People all over the world flock here to enjoy its great beaches with outdoor activities like swimming, beach picnics, kayaking, snorkeling, sailing… in sunlight.
Sunset on New Zealand's West Coast
Some ideal destinations for your summer vacation in New Zealand: Kaiteriteri Beach with golden sand and stunning scenery; Mt Maunganui with surf, beachside cafes and gorgeous white sand; Cathedral Cove with its unique rock arch, Piha Beach with its dramatic land and seascapes…
Tips for travelers: In peak season, please get the booking in advance for accommodation, tours, and transport. And don't forget your sunscreen with a high SPF.
Autumn: March - May
From March to May, the weather is still warm a little bit –,, particularly in the north. Temperatures range from 17 - 22oC (62 - 71oF) in North and 13 - 19oC (55 - 66oF) in South. Long, sunny days tend to linger until March and nights begin to get cooler around mid-April. Leaves on the trees start to change their colors and the sky looks so deep blue that you feel so romantic and uplifting and start to think about hiking or cycling along the trails.
Autumn is the perfect time of year to hike, cycle, or go fishing in the cool breeze. And it's still hot enough to swim in most places without having busy crowds as in summer.
For hiking, you can try the ten Great Walks with combinations of cultural significance and scenery or Mou Waho Island for its stunning views of colorful Arethusa Pool.
Wellington, New Zealand
Or you can choose to visit Wellington to try mountain biking and sea-water kayaking, as well as beautiful walks around the harbor and surrounding hills.
Tips for travelers: As autumn is also the shoulder season, you can have lots of accommodation choices with vacancies at better rates compared to summer. So my advice here is to let travel to New Zealand in autumn to enjoy fewer crowds and save a lot of money, especially on flights and accommodation.
Winter: June - August
In winter months, temperatures are much milder in New Zealand compared to other areas of similar latitude. Maxima is generally 11 - 15 °C (51 - 59 °F) in the North Island while the South Island is a bit cooler, with maximum temperatures around 7 - 12 °C (45 - 54 °F), though sometimes lower. Winter brings snow to the alpine region around the country and clear, mild not too cold days in lower regions. Now it's time for ski and snow sports in the mountainous areas, like the Central Plateau, Southern Alps, Canterbury, or Central Otago.
There are some regions that are popular with tourists in winter: Mount Ruapehu, Mount Hutt near Christchurch, and ski fields in the Queenstown and Wanaka.
Winter in Otago, New Zealand
And winter is not only for skiers, but you can also try other things here like: checking in the winter festival in Oamaru; skydiving in Queenstown, hot springs at Hanmer Springs…
Tips for travelers: The temperature difference is quite large between the top and the foot of the mountain. Snow generally falls at higher elevations and only occasionally does it reach the ground during winter. So try to wear clothes in layers because that is the best way to deal with the fluctuations in temperature and the weather, especially when you move to mountainous regions. And check the weather forecast before going to your intended destinations.
Spring: September – November
Spring is the season for all things to proliferate, and spring in New Zealand is no exception. Colorful flowers bloom, waterfalls wake up from freeze, lambs bounce around green fields. The fresh, happy atmosphere everywhere makes this also an appropriate time of year to visit New Zealand. Average daytime temperatures during spring range between 19°C (66°F) in the north to 16°C (60°F) in the south.
The weather starts to warm up, but there is still a chance of a cold snap and snow even in November. So you can expect a mixture of weather: cool nights and warm days. And it makes your travel more pleasant with outdoor activities like hiking, cycling or even skiing.
The Shire, Hobbiton
Tips for travelers: Although spring is not a peak season in New Zealand, there are school holidays that fall in spring. So if you do not like crowds, you may need to check to avoid those dates. And the weather is very variable and unpredictable during spring in New Zealand so be mentally prepared to deal with this erratic weather.
Now maybe you have your own answer to the question of what time of year is best to visit New Zealand. I personally like to go there in autumn as I mentioned above. Anyway, each time has both advantages and disadvantages. How about your opinion? Share your own experience with the comments below. See you!


text:
- Define and identify local economic, social and environmental changes.
- Assess and rank the impact of economic, social and environmental changes of the Klondike Gold Rush.
- Use primary and secondary sources to draw conclusions about historical events.
Assignment: Read and analyze primary and secondary sources to evaluate the impact of changes during the Klondike Gold Rush. Present your conclusions orally or in written format.
Time Frame: 7 classes (approximately 2 1/2 weeks)
Partners: You may choose to work individually or in a group of 2 or 3 for the duration of this assignment.
Step 1: Explore various kinds of changes (1 class)
As a class, we will reflect on and discuss economic, social and environmental changes in our community.
Step 2: Learn about the Gold Rush (1 class)
As a class, we will read and discuss:
- A History of Gold Rushes, a general overview of the events and effects of gold rushes;
- Aftermath, a general overview of the effects of the Klondike Gold Rush.
As an individual (3 documents) or a small group of 3 (all 5 documents), read the following documents and complete the Comparing Conditions Handout. Be prepared to share your findings with the class.
- Historical Notes on the Yukon District;
- After the Gold Rush;
- Klondike Discoverer Dies in Poverty;
- Returning Adventurers;
- Yukon Indians and the Gold Rush.
Step 4: Identify criteria for assessing impact (1 class)
Change is only as big as the impact it has. There are 3 ways to assess impact: breadth, depth and duration. As a class we will assess the impact of changes in our community (referencing our first conversation regarding changes in our community).
Step 5: Rank order the degree of impact (1 class)
As individuals or small groups, use the Ranking the Impact Handout to assess the impact of the changes you have already identified. Which type of change was the most significant?
Use your completed Comparing Conditions handout and the three criteria for determining the significance of an impact.
Step 6: Class Debate or Independent Write Up (1 class)
As a class we will vote to either have a full class discussion/debate or write independent summaries on which type of change had the greatest impact during the Klondike Gold Rush.
What will be assessed during this project?
Class Debate or Independent Write Up
The following rubrics will be used to assess the above assignments:
*Project adapted from Mystery Quest: Great Unsolved Mysteries in Canadian History


Impact of taxes on the profitability of projects
China Mining Taxation Workshop – Organised by the Australian Canadian Mining Industry Working Group (ACMIWG), Beijing, China, September 2003
This paper calculates the optimum tax rate for the mining industry.
This study looked at the profitability and level of taxation within the Western World mining industry. Over the 20 year period _PHONE_, the industry only generated an average return of 4.6% to shareholders.
The average tax rate paid by the industry was 39%. This includes corporate taxes and royalties, but excludes indirect taxes. An analysis of the Australian Mining industry shows that these indirect taxes can be very significant – and the overall effective tax rate is 50%.
While the overall returns generated by the mining industry may be low, individual mines may be spectacularly profitable. Indeed, it is the hope of finding such a mine that drives the industry to continue to operate in the face of poor profitability from its existing assets!
Detailed modelling was carried out on the economics of 1000 largest known copper deposits in the world. The aim was to firstly determine how many of these would be built today assuming a given set of tax rules and hurdles. And secondly, if developed, how would the economic benefit be shared between the developer and the government?
Intuitively, if the tax rate is too high, no mines get built and no one benefits. If the tax rate is too low then lots of mines will be built but the Government's revenues may be low (and restricted to the indirect taxes on inputs). But on the other hand, the Government has to provide incentives to industry to find the deposits (and cover the cost of the unsuccessful exploration).
The analysis found that the optimum tax rate depends on the level of business risk. In low-risk countries like Australia the optimum rate is around 50% (which is where the effective tax rate currently is). However, in high-risk countries the optimum rate is 20 – 30%. A key message from this is that High-Risk countries should benchmark their tax rates against their peers rather than against low-risk countries like Australia or Canada.
The paper concludes that there are three actions a Government can do to maximise its return from mining. These are:
 1. Set the tax rate at the right level
 2. Lower the cost of exploration
 3. Lower the level of business risk
The last factor has the largest impact!
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text: Commonly used soil hydraulic models that account for capillary forces often do not perform well when water flow occurs in thin liquid films in unsaturated porous media. A new theoretical soil water retention curve model was formulated based on the film thickness function that accounts for matric potential. Coupling this new model with a modified Tokunaga model that considers hydraulic conductivity yields a theoretical and mathematically simple soil hydraulic model that accounts for film flow in unsaturated porous media. Inverse modeling of an evaporation experiment showed that the new model provides a good description of water flow at low water contents. The combination of van Genuchten model with the modified Tokunaga model performed best in inverse modeling; however, the fitted parameters did not describe water flow under drier conditions because of the higher hydraulic conductivity and sharper water potential gradient when the water content approached the residual water content, which caused severe overestimation of water loss. Simulation of the water dynamic in a 2 m profile using the modified Tokunaga model combined with the new theoretical soil water retention curve model provided reliable results for water changes under field conditions, including very dry conditions.


text:
Australian Word Map
[This is the print version of story _URL_
Australian English has two classes of regional words. For some items, speakers must use a regional term because there is no word that is used all over Australia. For example, there is no word used everywhere in Australia for the type of sausage known variously as Belgium sausage, Byron sausage, devon, Empire sausage, fritz, German sausage, luncheon sausage, polony, Strasburg, and Windsor sausage.
For other items there is a word used everywhere in Australia, but there is also a regional word.
The map below indicates the Word Map Regional Language Divisions numbered 1 through to 27:
Map of Australia
« Rollover anywhere on the map to highlight the Australian Word Map Regional Language Divisions.
Here is the list of Word Map Regional Language Divisions. Rollover the region names to highlight the corresponding area on the map.
© 2013 Australian Broadcasting Corporation
Copyright information: _URL_
Privacy information: _URL_