text:
Accessing the file system and modifying files with Xill is usually pretty easy and straightforward. Every function is included in the File package.
Moving files aroundSimple modifications of the file structure can be done with the following functions:
They all need one or two full or relative paths as parameters. Moving can be done with a copy and delete. File.delete() works on files as well as folders.
There are several options to gather information about files and folders. They only need the path of the folder/file as parameter:
- File.getSize(path); returns filesize in bytes
- File.iterateFiles(path); returns an iterable with all complete paths of the files in that folder.
- File.iterateFolders(path); returns an iterable with all complete paths of the folders in that folder.
Notes about iterateFiles() and iterateFolders()
These functions can be given an extra boolean parameter (the default is false), which makes the function return every descendant instead of only the direct children. And, for performance reasons, the return type is not a list but an iterable. This means that the resulting items will only be actually loaded in a foreach() loop. For more information about these variables, check the variable types or the collections tutorial.
Opening and saving files
The general functions for this are:
- File.getText(path); returns the text from a text document
- File.save(path); saves a string to the specified path.
- File.appendTo(path,content); appends the string value of 'content' to the file at specified path. creates the file if it doesn't exist yet.
Running a file
It's also possible to execute a program from a robot with System.exec(arguments,directory); Example:
use System; var temp_path = "D:/temp"; var result = System.exec(["cmd.exe", "/C", "mkdir batchtest_temp"],temp_path); System.print(result);
This calls a command prompt at the location 'temp_path' and executes the command to create a directory. Any commandline program can be used from a robot this way, to extend the functionality of Xill endlessly.
Other file system usage
There are more functions communicating with the file system, like Excel.loadWorkbook() and Web.download(). These should all be addressed in tutorials specifically about the relevant subjects. File.extractText is also in the File package, and worth trying, but not core functionality in communicating with the file system.
If you missed anything, please click 'no' below and create a ticket. We'll get back to you quickly.


text:
Certificate-based authentication over an SSL connection is the most secure type of authentication. Therefore, when authentication occurs at the connection layer, the client does not need to provide an additional name (bind DN) and password to Directory Proxy Server during the LDAP bind.
A client can only perform certificate-based authentication over an SSL connection. The basic steps in establishing an SSL connection are as follows:
The client requests that a secure connection be established.
As part of this request, Directory Proxy Server provides a server certificate to the client. A server certificate is a single certificate associated with one instance of Directory Proxy Server. When a secure connection is used, the server certificate identifies the instance of Directory Proxy Server to the client.
The establishment of the connection includes a negotiation phase. During this phase, the client and Directory Proxy Server attempt to agree on the encryption policy that is used. The server certificate contains the list of encryption policies (ciphers) that are supported by the Directory Proxy Server.
Depending on the security configuration of the proxy server, the server might require the client to provide a certificate.
The client provides a certificate to the server, either because the client is configured to do so, or because the proxy server has requested it.
The client then sends an LDAP bind request to Directory Proxy Server to establish the client's identity on that connection.
If the request is a simple bind, Directory Proxy Server uses the bind DN and password provided by the client.
If the request is a SASL external bind, Directory Proxy Server does one of two things:
Considers the subject of the certificate as the bind DN of the client.
Maps the certificate by searching the backend server for an entry that matches the received certificate. If the verify-certs property is set, Directory Proxy Server verifies that the received certificate is the one stored in the entry that is found.
The following configuration properties determine how Directory Proxy Server performs that search:
cert-data-view-routing-policy cert-data-view-routing-custom-list cert-search-bind-dn cert-search-bind-pwd-file cert-search-base-dn cert-search-attr-mappings
When the proxy server has the bind DN, it can verify the validity of the client.
For more information about SSL for Directory Proxy Server, see Secure Sockets Layer for Directory Proxy Server.
For certificate-based authentication to occur, Directory Proxy Server must be configured to accept client certificates and the client must be configured to use SASL external bind.
When you create a Directory Proxy Server instance, the certificate database is automatically populated with the CA certificates of certain trusted CAs. You can add trusted CA certificates to the certificate database if necessary, by using the Directory Service Control Center (DSCC) or by using the dpadm command. For more information, see To Install a CA-Signed Server Certificate for Directory Proxy Server in Oracle Fusion Middleware Administration Guide for Oracle Directory Server Enterprise Edition.
When a client provides a certificate to Directory Proxy Server, the server verifies that certificate against the list of trusted CA certificates in its certificate database. The verification is successful if the server's certificate database contains the client certificate itself, or the CA certificate with which the client certificate was generated.
The server certificate can be one of the following:
Self-signed certificate. A public and private key pair, where the public key is signed by Directory Proxy Server.
Trusted CA certificate. A single certificate that is automatically generated by the company's internal certificate server or by a known Certificate Authority (CA).
Directory Proxy Server also supports the use of a server certificate chain. A server certificate chain is a collection of certificates that are automatically generated by the company's internal certificate server or by a known CA. The certificates in a chain trace back to the original CA, providing proof of identity. This proof is required each time you obtain or install a new server certificate.
When an instance of Directory Proxy Server is created, a default self-signed certificate is created. By default, Directory Proxy Server manages the SSL certificate database password internally.
You can install any number of certificates on a server. When you configure SSL for an instance of Directory Proxy Server, you must install at least one server certificate and one trusted CA certificate.
For an explanation of how certificate-based authentication works, see Certificate-Based Authentication. For information about how to configure certificate-based authentication for Directory Proxy Server, see To Configure Certificate-based Authentication in Oracle Fusion Middleware Administration Guide for Oracle Directory Server Enterprise Edition.
When a client binds to Directory Proxy Server with the Simple Authentication and Security Layer (SASL) external bind, Directory Proxy Server obtains the credentials of the client from the certificate, rather than from the bind DN.
The server obtains the credentials in one of two ways:
Considers the subject of the certificate as the bind DN of the client
Maps the certificate subject to data within its own database, to deduce the bind DN
SASL external bind cannot be used if Directory Proxy Server is configured for BIND replay. In BIND replay, Directory Proxy Server authenticates the client to a backend LDAP server by using the client DN and password. In SASL external bind, no password is provided by the client. Furthermore, the password that is stored in the user entry cannot be read in clear text. For information about bind replay, see Directory Proxy Server Configured for BIND Replay.
SSL can be used to protect subsequent interactions between the client and Directory Proxy Server.
For information about how to configure authentication by SASL external bind, see To Configure Directory Proxy Server for SASL External Bind in Oracle Fusion Middleware Administration Guide for Oracle Directory Server Enterprise Edition.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Hachi - Meaning of Hachi
What does Hachi mean?
See also the related categories, wise (holy), leaf, and japanese.
Baby names that sound like Hachi include Ha'iku, Hachey, Hachie, Hachy, Hagae, Hagai, Hagay, Hagaye, Hagee, Hagey, Haggae, Haggee, Haggey, Haggi, Haggie, Haggy, Hagi, Hagie, Hagos, and Hagy.
Baby Name Explorer for Hachi
Hachi Popularity Charts
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Gireogi appa
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Flock of geese during autumn migration
A gireogi appa (Korean: 기러기 아빠, literally "goose dad") is a Korean man who works in Korea while his wife and children stay in an English-speaking country for the sake of the children's education.[1] The term is inspired by the fact that geese are a species that migrate, just as the gireogi appa father must travel a great distance to see his family.[2] Estimates of the number of gireogi appa in South Korea range as high as 200,000 men.[3]
Related terms[edit]
If the gireogi appa has the finances to pay for frequent visits to see his family, he is called an "eagle dad" (독수리 아빠) but if finances constrict his ability to travel abroad, he is known as a "penguin dad" (펭귄 아빠)[4] because he cannot fly and may go without seeing his family for years at a time.[5] If the man cannot afford to send his children abroad, he rents a small studio for his wife and children in Gangnam, an area dense with hagwon. That father is called a "sparrow dad"(참새 아빠). And if the man sends his children to elementary school in Daechi, he hires lodgings and is called a "Daejeondong dad"(대전동아빠).[6]
More than 40,000 South Korean schoolchildren are believed to be living in USA, England, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Singapore and Malaysia expressly to increase English-speaking ability. As of 2009, over 100,000 Korean students were studying abroad.[7] In at least some of the cases, a South Korean mother will choose to live abroad with her children with the additional reason of avoiding her mother-in-law, with whom a historically stressful relationship may exist due to Korean Confucianism.[8]
See also[edit]
External links[edit]


LiKao LiKao - 10 months ago 40
SQL Question
Have "select for update" block on nonrexisting rows
we have some persistent data in an application, that is queried from a server and then stored in a database so we can keep track of additional information. Because we do not want to query when an object is used in the memory we do an
select for update
so that other threads that want to get the same data will be blocked.
I am not sure how
select for update
handles non-existing rows. If the row does not exist and another thread tries to do another
select for update
on the same row, will this thread be blocked until the other transaction finishes or will it also get an empty result set? If it does only get an empty result set is there any way to make it block as well, for example by inserting the missing row immediately?
EDIT:
Because there was a remark, that we might lock too much, here some more details on the concrete usage in our case. In reduced pseudocode our programm flow looks like this:
d = queue.fetch();
r = SELECT * FROM table WHERE key = d.key() FOR UPDATE;
if r.empty() then
r = get_data_from_somewhere_else();
new_r = process_stuff( r );
if Data was present then
update row to new_r
else
insert new_r
This code is run in multiple thread and the data that is fetched from the queue might be concerning the same row in the database (hence the lock). However if multiple threads are using data that needs the same row, then these threads need to be sequentialized (order does not matter). However this sequentialization fails, if the row is not present, because we do not get a lock.
EDIT:
For now I have the following solution, which seems like an ugly hack to me.
select the data for update
if zero rows match then
insert some dummy data // this will block if multiple transactions try to insert
if insertion failed then
// somebody beat us at the race
select the data for update
do processing
if data was changed then
update the old or dummy data
else
rollback the whole transaction
I am neither 100% sure however that this actually solves the problem, nor does this solution seem good style. So if anybody has to offer something more usable this would be great.
Answer Source
I am not sure how select for update handles non-existing rows.
It doesn't.
The best you can do is to use an advisory lock if you know something unique about the new row. (Use hashtext() if needed, and the table's oid to lock it.)
The next best thing is a table lock.
That being said, your question makes it sound like you're locking way more than you should. Only lock rows when you actually need to, i.e. write operations.


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The following picture show a path geometry in Direct2D, it contains 5 segments, each segment is a straight line, my request is that, given such a hill, i want to get all the 5 lines.
enter image description here
but it seems there is no related API can get the segments of a path geometry in Direct2D, I see the ID2D1PathGeometry interface provide a method GetSegmentCount, if we can not get the segments, why Microsoft provide this method?
share|improve this question
3 Answers 3
up vote 1 down vote accepted
You can do this with ID2D1PathGeometry::Stream(). You will have to write a class that implements ID2D1GeometrySink. You may find it useful to implement this in a generalized sense such that instead of looking for the exact data that you need now, it can pump out an object tree. If you need an example for what type of object model to use, look no further than WPF's System.Windows.Media.Geometry ( _URL_ ).
You can also easily convert from those classes back to ID2D1PathGeometry, and use whichever is most comfortable or appropriate for any situation. I've written both conversions and found it to be pretty straightforward once I realized they were using the same "language." I especially found that it helped to organize my understanding as to the difference between "figures" and "segments."
share|improve this answer

Thanks for your reply, but, this does not suit for my request, if I implement ID2D1GeometrySink, I need to build up the path geometry myself in order to get the segments, but, my path geometry was not build by myself, I got it from another function. – zdd Oct 12 '12 at 9:10

If that's not what you're looking for then I'm not even sure I understand what you're asking for ... you asked for something to give you the segments of a path geometry, and that's exactly what that does! You can also use ID2D1Geometry::Simplify to stream any geometry into an ID2D1SimplifiedGeometrySink. – Rick Brewster Oct 20 '12 at 21:26

Thanks Rick, I want to state my request once more, I want to get the segments of a path geometry,that's the lines, arcs and curves which compose the path geometry, my example above only contains lines, I am sorry if that's confused you. I have no chance to implement the interface you mentioned, since I get the path geometry from this function GetGlyphRunOutline. The ID2D1Geometry::Simplify method only get the Geometry Sink, not the segments. am I clear now? – zdd Oct 21 '12 at 0:43

Yes, you were already clear, and that's exactly what I answered. – Rick Brewster Oct 30 '12 at 18:33

To further clarify this, look at methods like ID2D1SimplifiedGeometrySink::AddBeziers(). Each 'add' method is basically just a command saying "hey here's a new segment for the current figure." And that's where you get the segments. In your case you're specifically interested in when AddLines() gets called. It sounds like you have a path geometry which contains 1 figure, which then contains 1 segment, and that segment is a "poly line segment" which just has the points for the polygon. Honestly it makes a lot more sense if you look at the WPF object model for this :) – Rick Brewster Oct 31 '12 at 0:18
If you have a PathGeometry, then using PathGeometry::Stream() is good.
However, if you have a basic Geometry and you want to accomplish the same, then you can do the following:
 1. Implement your own GeometrySink to "catch" the geometry components
 2. Create an empty PathGeometry
 3. Use Geometry::Combine to combine (union) your geometry with the empty geometry.
The results will be deposited in your GeometrySink.
share|improve this answer

The ID2D1Geometry::Simplify() method is probably preferable to doing a union with empty geometry. – Rick Brewster Dec 17 '12 at 19:20
1
ID2D1Geometry::Simplfy() gives an undesirable effect of putting holes when shapes overlap. Combine (union) does not. – Matt Houser Dec 18 '12 at 18:17

Interesting. I'll have to keep that in mind if I see anything like that! – Rick Brewster Dec 18 '12 at 18:37
implement a class named SpecializedSink that inherits from the ID2D1SimplifiedGeometrySink interface, the extended AddLines method called by ID2D1Geometry::Simplify to retrieves the geometry data.
suggest you read the [example for retrieve data from geometry] _URL_ by extending ID2D1SimplifiedGeometrySink.
share|improve this answer

I have no chance to call AddLines, I get the path geometry from another API, I didn't build up it myself. – zdd Dec 16 '12 at 3:38
Your Answer

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text:
A click heatmap is valuable in revealing the effectiveness of links throughout your site.
Whether a link is part of the main navigation, text content, or a multi-step form, you need to know whether it helps or hinders usability.
On our home page, the links in the main navigation receive the most clicks. You can tell because there are clear areas of hot (white) activity. However, there are also areas where it doesn't make sense to have clicks. This happens because visitors are confused or have an expectation that something is clickable (for more information) when, in reality, it isn't.
In our page, the call-to-action buttons are the main focus. We want people to click them. If other text or areas are a distraction, it kills our conversion rate. Part of great design is making sure that a page has everything you need and nothing more.
Although our pages have a lot of elements, they used to be much more complex. We spent time running A/B tests to determine the optimal layout that balances clicks to the locations that we want.
We recommend you look at your click heatmaps and see if they make sense, too.
Here are some questions to ask:
- Do important page elements have click activity?
- Do unimportant page elements have click activity?
- Are there certain elements, relative to others, that receive more activity? Is there a good reason for this?
- Do you need to reorganize/reorder the links in your main navigation to draw focus/attention?
- Do form fields receive equal amounts of click activity? Or, are there certain fields where there is considerable drop off?

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


I'm currently working on a Sitecore 10 project using Helix. We currently trying to implement Helix as closely as possible.
We have two feature modules, Consultants and Hospitals. Consultants can work at various hospitals but our features don't know about the relationship. Any ideas how we can get the data out whilst following the principles?
 - I would ask the question - why do you have the 2 features? remember that a module is something that is feature as understood by business owners. So if Hospitals have Consultants, then maybe they should be in the same feature module? – Richard Seal Jan 12 at 13:50
In your case I would create a Foundation project called Hospital and make feature "Consultant" reference to it. Because in a future it could be possible that you need something else ( Cleaner, Nurse, Doctor) but it also need hospital data. Then you can easily reference again to Foundation Hospitals from the new feature project.
One thing to note is that if there is going to be more than one job like Consultant I would probably rename feature "Consultant" to more generic like "Worker" or something similar. Then inside that Worker feature you would have a information of different roles for workers like "Consultant, Cleaner, Nurse, Doctor".
Basically, if you see that one feature depends another, dependency need to be moved into the Foundation layer.
Also, it is not really required to move whole Consultants feature. You need to add a new Foundation project, which will have, for example, a templates and corresponding classes (or interfaces) for _Employee and _Hospital and a code, that will be responsible to retrieve or build Employees and Hospitals data. For example a service, which will return a Employee (an instance of _Employee) by ID, or a list of Employees by HospitalID or a hospital data itself.
Then, Consultants and Hospitals features can inherit and extend (if required) the _Employee, _Hospital and being responsible to display a Consultant data and use this Foundation module for get a base Employee data.
This all is abstract. The main idea to move the modules dependency on one level up.
Your Answer


text:
What is Sparkling Sake
Sparkling sake (スパークリング酒) is a sake that contains carbon dioxide. Due to its low alcohol content and sweet taste, Sparkling Sake is also an interesting introduction for newcomers to the subject of "Nihonshu".
Three production methods for Sparkling Sake
Sparkling sake can be divided into three types depending on the production process, which we briefly explain here:
Alcoholic fermentation, which is necessary for the production of sake, produces both alcohol and carbon dioxide. As a result, even the normal sake that is not Sparkling Sake bubbles slightly immediately after the mash is pressed. Normally, the carbon dioxide disappears through a process called hi-ire (pasteurization).
The term "Kassel Nigori" (活性濁り) means "active turbidity". In this type, the sake is not pasteurized. After fermentation is almost complete, the mash is filtered through a coarse cloth before bottling. Because of the coarse filtration, there are still solids in the liquid and the color of the sake is white and cloudy. Since the yeast is still alive and fermenting in the bottle, carbon dioxide gas is produced.
Secondary bottle fermentation
This variant of sake is also not pasteurized. Before the fermentation process is completely finished, the mash is pressed and bottled. Active yeast remains in the pressed liquid, which continues to ferment in the bottle and produce carbon dioxide. Incidentally, this is the same method used to produce sparkling wine or champagne.
A new trend in Sparkling Sake - Awa Sake
While many breweries are developing and offering new sparkling sake products to tap into new demand for sake, there is also an initiative to establish clear quality standards to ensure healthy market expansion. One representative of this initiative is the Awasake Association. By 2022, there will be 28 member breweries throughout Japan.
"Awa" (泡) stands for "foam". "Awa-Sake" is therefore a special name for Sparkling Sake. To be allowed to bear the name Awa-Sake (or "Awazake"), it must be a transparent sake made from carefully selected rice, Kōji and water, with a natural foam from the second fermentation in the bottle. It must also meet strict quality standards and pass inspections by external auditors before it can be certified as Awa sake.
Carbon dioxide injection process
This type of Sparkling Sake is made by artificially adding carbon dioxide to the finished sake. This is a relatively inexpensive method of producing Sparkling Sake. The quality is relatively stable and can be stored at room temperature. For this reason, it is often sold in supermarkets and convenience stores in Japan.
How does Sparkling Sake taste
Special features of sparkling sake are mainly its fruity taste. It often has a low alcohol content, with 5 - 7 % vol. However, there are also higher percentage bottled with 11 - 15 % vol.
As a rule, the higher the alcohol content, the drier the taste. In the Kassei-Nigori variant, more of the rice flavor remains, so it is milder and creamier. For this sake, we recommend using a slim ceramic jar, as the residue will stick to the glass.
All types of Sparkling Sake should be served chilled. For the clear Sparkling Sake varieties, we recommend using champagne glasses or champagne flutes.
More about the individual steps of sake production you will learn here.
To a bottle Sake Junmai category, you need about 1.8 kg of rice - for a Junmai Daiginjō sake, it is already 3 to 3.5 kg of rice as a starting point, since less of the original rice remains here due to the higher degree of polishing.
No wonder that the rice used is of special importance. Here we explain everything about rice as a raw material for sake production.
The good news in advance: To Sake enjoy in style does not necessarily have to follow rules. Although there are many different rituals and recommendations, you can interpret them according to your own preferences. For example, it doesn't matter much whether sake is drunk with food or after. Many connoisseurs are of the opinion that sake shows its true character only in connection with suitable dishes, but also solo sake takes you into unique worlds of taste.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
_URL_ Predicting patient survival of high -‐ risk surgeries Despite breakthroughs in surgical safety, some amount of risk will always exist. But for many high -‐ risk surgeries, choosing where to receive care can mean the difference between life and death. Given its potential impact on the health and well -‐ being of employees and their families, the quality of surgical ca re is also critically important to employers. Paying for surgeries through employer -‐ sponsored health insurance plans, these employers want nothing more than their valued workers back on their feet.
The Leapfrog Group, a national employer -‐ driven nonprofit watchdog organization, asks hospitals to report their performance each year and makes this information public, so health care consumers and purchasers can use it to compare hospitals and make the best choice for surgical care. The Leapfrog Hospital Survey focuses on four specific surgical procedures because they are both common and high -‐ risk, and the survival rates for these procedures vary widely across hospitals. Leapfrog calculates predicted survival rates, by hospital, for each type of surgery.


text:
Permanent and transient leaf reddening in the seagrass Thalassia testudinum
Seagrasses with red leaves have been observed growing in areas with high light intensities at numerous locations around the world. To test whether variations in light conditions affect anthocyanin accumulation and red coloration in leaves, we performed reciprocal transplants of green- and red-leafed Thalassia testudinum banks & sol. ex K.D. Koenig shoots among patches with high and low self-shading (determined from canopy height and leaf area index measurements) located along a depth related gradient of light availability in the lower florida Keys, USA, and monitored them for 3 yrs. All red-leafed shoots continuously produced red leaves with high concentrations of anthocyanins regardless of self-shading or depth. Transplanted green-leafed shoots transiently turned red during periods of high solar UV and visible light intensity, with the reddening process influenced by self-shading and depth. Green-leafed shoots also increased UV absorbing compounds, but increases were not related to anthocyanin content or reddening. There was a significant relationship between UV-B absorbing compounds and anthocyanin content in red-leafed shoots. We conclude that anthocyanin accumulation and the expression of red coloration can be permanent or temporarily photo-induced in T. testudinum leaves. We also suggest that this species produces a genetic variant with permanently red leaves in the lower florida Keys.
No Supplementary Data.
No Article Media
Document Type: Research Article
Publication date: April 1, 2012
More about this publication?
- The Bulletin of Marine Science is dedicated to the dissemination of high quality research from the world's oceans. All aspects of marine science are treated by the Bulletin of Marine Science, including papers in marine biology, biological oceanography, fisheries, marine affairs, applied marine physics, marine geology and geophysics, marine and atmospheric chemistry, and meteorology and physical oceanography.
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- Ingenta Connect is not responsible for the content or availability of external websites


text:
In recent years, partnerships have become a way to get things done both within and beyond park boundaries. Partnerships foster a shared sense of stewardship. Partners develop appreciation for the park's values and resources, and a commitment to our mission.
Recent partners of Andersonville National Historic Site include the American Ex-Prisoners of War, Friends of Andersonville, Jimmy Carter National Historic Site, Georgia Department of Natural Resources, River Valley Regional Commission, Sumter Cycling, and the National Park Foundation.
Did You Know?
Adam Swarner, a young Cavalryman from New York State was the first prisoner to die at Andersonville. Five months later, his brother Jacob was buried in grave number 4,005 of the National Cemetery.


Class
MatchValidator
class MatchValidator implements BasicValidator
A validator for regular expressions.
This validator will return true, when the passed value matches the regular expression.
This class replaces the former class MaskValidator
If you do want to test if the value does not match an expression, you can use the MatchValidator class instead.
Below is an example usage for your Propel xml schema file.
Methods
boolean isValid(ValidatorMap $map, string $str)
Whether the passed string matches regular expression.
Details
at line 71
public boolean isValid(ValidatorMap $map, string $str)
Whether the passed string matches regular expression.
Parameters
ValidatorMap $map A column map object for the column to be validated.
string $str a String to be tested
Return Value
boolean TRUE if valid, error message otherwise


Association of British Scrabble Players
Being Doing Feeling > Motion > Roaming
beachcomb to wander along a beach looking for useful objects.
bogtrotting the practice of wandering round bogs, ascribed to Irishmen.
divagate to wander or stray from a course or subject.
divagation a wandering about or going astray; digression.
errant wandering (noun) a knight errant, a person who is errant
errantly (Adv.) ERRANT, wandering.
errantry roaming around, looking for adventure.
evagation wandering; digression.
extravagate (Arch.) to wander; to exceed reasonable limits.
extravagation the act of extravagating, wandering.
fegary vagary, wandering.
forwander (Arch.) to wander away; to go astray.
gad to wander about idly.
galavant to roam about for pleasure without any definite plan.
galivant to roam about for pleasure without any definite plan.
gallivant to roam about for pleasure without any definite plan.
gander a male goose; (verb) to wander.
itineracy making journeys from place to place.
itinerancy making journeys from place to place.
itinerate to wander without a settled habitation; to travel from place or on a circuit, particularly for the purpose of preaching, lecturing, etc.
locomote to move from place to place.
locomotion an act or the power of moving from place to place.
locomotory relating to locomotion.
noctivagant wandering in the night; (noun) someone who wanders in the night.
noctivagation wandering around at night.
odyssean of or like an odyssey, a long wandering journey.
odyssey (Greek) a long wandering usually marked by many changes of fortune.
peregrinate to wander through.
peregrinator someone who travels about.
peregrinatory of or relating to a peregrinator; wandering.
ramble to wander.
rambler one that rambles.
ratch a ratchet; (verb) to wander, prowl.
raunge (Obs.) to range.
roam to move about without purpose or plan.
roamer one who roams; a wanderer.
rove to roam.
rover one that roves.
rovingly (Adv.) ROVING, wandering.
solivagant wandering alone; (noun) one who wanders alone.
stravage to wander about idly.
stravaig (Scots) to wander aimlessly.
stravaiger (Scots) a wanderer, idler.
strayve (Dial.) to wander aimlessly.
stroam to wander about idly and vacantly.
taiver (Scots) to wander, to rave.
taver (Scots) to wander, rave.
unwandering not wandering.
wander to move about with no destination or purpose.
wanderer one who wanders.
wanderingly (Adv.) WANDERING.


21.5.14
WEKA Text Mining Trick: Copying Options from the Explorer to the Command Line
From previous posts (specially from Command Line Functions for Text Mining in WEKA), you may know that writing command-line calls to WEKA can be far from trivial, mostly because you may need to nest FilteredClassifier , MultiFilter , StringToWordVector , AttributeSelection and a classifier into a single command with plenty of options -- and nested strings with escaped characters.
For instance, consider the following need: I want to test the classifier J48 over the smsspam.small.arff file, which contains couples of {class,text} lines. However, I want to:
 - Apply StringToWordVector with specific options: lowercased tokens, specific string delimiters, etc.
 - Get only those words with Information Gain over zero, which implies using the filter AttributeSelection with InfoGainAttributeEval and Ranker with threhold 0.0.
 - Make use of 10-fold cross validation, which implies using FilteredClassifier; and as long as I have two filters (StringToWordVector and AttributeSelection), I need to make use of MultiFilter as well.
With some experience, this is not too hard to be done by hand. However, it is much easier to configure your test at the WEKA Explorer, make a quick test with a very small subset of your dataset, then copy the configuration to a text file and editi it to fully fit your needs. For this specific example, I start with loading the dataset at the Preprocess tab, and then I configure the classifier by:
 1. Choosing FilteredClassifier, and J48 as the classifier.
 2. Choosing MultiFilter as the filter, then deleting the default AllFilter and adding StringToWordVector and AttributeSelection filters to it.
 3. Editing the StringToWordVector filter to specify lowercased tokens, do not operate per class, and my list of delimietrs.
 4. Editing the AttributeSelection filter to choose InfoGainAttributeEval as the evaluator, and Ranker with threshold 0.0 as the search method.
I show a picture in the middle of the process, just when editing the StringToWordVector filter:
Then you can specify spamclass as the class and run it to get something like:
=== Run information ===
Scheme: weka.classifiers.meta.FilteredClassifier -F "weka.filters.MultiFilter -F \"weka.filters.unsupervised.attribute.StringToWordVector -R first-last -W 100000 -prune-rate -1.0 -N 0 -L -stemmer weka.core.stemmers.NullStemmer -M 1 -O -tokenizer \\\"weka.core.tokenizers.WordTokenizer -delimiters \\\\\\\" \\\\\\\\r \\\\\\\\t.,;:\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\'\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\"()?!\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\%-/<>#@+*£&\\\\\\\"\\\"\" -F \"weka.filters.supervised.attribute.AttributeSelection -E \\\"weka.attributeSelection.InfoGainAttributeEval \\\" -S \\\"weka.attributeSelection.Ranker -T 0.0 -N -1\\\"\"" -W weka.classifiers.trees.J48 -- -C 0.25 -M 2
Relation: sms_test
Instances: 200
Attributes: 2 spamclass text
Test mode: 10-fold cross-validation
(../..)
=== Confusion Matrix ===
a b <-- classified as
16 17 | a = spam
6 161 | b = ham
As you can see, the Scheme line gives us the exact command options we need to get that result! You can just copy and edit it (after saving the result buffer) to get what you want. Alternatively, you can right click on the command at the Explorer, like in the following picture:
In any case, you get the following messy thing:
weka.classifiers.meta.FilteredClassifier -F "weka.filters.MultiFilter -F \"weka.filters.unsupervised.attribute.StringToWordVector -R first-last -W 100000 -prune-rate -1.0 -N 0 -L -stemmer weka.core.stemmers.NullStemmer -M 1 -O -tokenizer \\\"weka.core.tokenizers.WordTokenizer -delimiters \\\\\\\" \\\\\\\\r \\\\\\\\t.,;:\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\'\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\"()?!\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\%-/<>#@+*£&\\\\\\\"\\\"\" -F \"weka.filters.supervised.attribute.AttributeSelection -E \\\"weka.attributeSelection.InfoGainAttributeEval \\\" -S \\\"weka.attributeSelection.Ranker -T 0.0 -N -1\\\"\"" -W weka.classifiers.trees.J48 -- -C 0.25 -M 2
Then you can strip the options you do not need. For instance, some default options in StringToWordVector are -R first-last, prune-rate -1.0, -N 0, the stemmer, etc. You can guess the default options by issuing the help command:
$>java weka.filters.unsupervised.attribute.StringToWordVector -h
Help requested.
Filter options:
-C
Output word counts rather than boolean word presence.
-R <index1,index2-index4,...>
Specify list of string attributes to convert to words (as weka Range).
(default: select all string attributes)
...
So after cleaning the default options (in all filters and the classifier), adding the dataset file and the class index (-t spamsms.small.arff -c 1), and with some pretty printing for clarification, you can easily build the following command:
java weka.classifiers.meta.FilteredClassifier
-c 1
-t smsspam.small.arff
-F "weka.filters.MultiFilter
-F \"weka.filters.unsupervised.attribute.StringToWordVector
-W 100000
-L
-O
-tokenizer \\\"weka.core.tokenizers.WordTokenizer
-delimiters \\\\\\\" \\\\\\\\r \\\\\\\\t.,;:\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\'\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\"()?!\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\%-/<>#@+*£&\\\\\\\"\\\"\"
-F \"weka.filters.supervised.attribute.AttributeSelection
-E \\\"weka.attributeSelection.InfoGainAttributeEval \\\"
-S \\\"weka.attributeSelection.Ranker -T 0.0 \\\"\""
-W weka.classifiers.trees.J48
So now you can change other parameters if you want, in order to test other text representations, classifiers, etc., without dealing with escaping the options, delimiters, etc.


text:
the ocean, kelp would react to the turbulence created by ocean currents. The
tube attributes associated with many preset brushes have turbulence attributes
turned on for interesting visual effects. Turbulence attributes
can be increased from their default settings to make the kelp sway
back and forth, providing additional realism when used in an animation.
To increase the turbulence on the kelp
- In the scene view, select the kelp stroke.
- Open the Attribute Editor,
select the Kelp tab, and expand the Tubes
> Behavior > Turbulence section.
- In the Turbulence section,
set the options as follows:
Type: World Force
- Interpolation: Smooth
over Time and Space
- Click the Play Forward button on the
Animation Time Slider to see the turbulence effect on the kelp (You
don't need to set specific keyframes).
The kelp animates as
if it were affected by ocean currents.
- Press the Stop button to cancel the animation
You can adjust the turbulence
settings while viewing the playback. If the frame range is too short,
you can modify it to suit your needs.


You are here
How To Prepare A Pressure Cooker To Bake Cake
khao's picture
Have you ever tasted a pressure cooker cake? It tastes as amazing as an oven baked cake; the only difference is that you have to prepare a pressure cooker to bake cake instead of an oven.
The pressure cooker creates pressure and heat from the steam is built in it. By cooking in pressure cooker one not only gets tasty food to eat but also saves on cooking time.
However, there are two ways to bake a cake in pressure cooker; sand way and the water way.
It is up to you, the method you want your cake to be baked as cake made by both these methods are soft and delicious.
The most important part in baking cake in a pressure cooker is to first prepare a pressure cooker to bake cake. So, here is what you need to do:
 - Take a pressure cooker, big enough to contain the baking pan.
 - Wash it firmly with soap solution. The cooker should be free of odor before a cake is baked or else it may spoil the cake's taste.
 - Wipe it with a clean towel.
 - Now, remove the whistle of the pressure cooker. We do not make use of the whistle while baking cake. The vent is let open so that the steam can disperse.
 - If you want to bake cake with sand method, put some sand on the cooker's base not more than an inch. This method is recommended if you do not have a baking stand to keep the baking pan. This helps the baking pan by not letting it touch the surface of pressure cooker.
 - If you have a baking stand for baking pan, follow the water method for baking. Pour water in the pressure cooker, at least one and half inch up from the bottom. Now keep the baking stand in the cooker.
 - Place the baking pan filled with the cake batter on the sand or the baking stand, depending on your method.
 - Put the lid of pressure cooker, without the whistle and let the pressure cooker hear for 45 minutes on low flame.
The cake will be ready; you can check it by putting a toothpick or a knife.
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Antarctic terns have to co-exist in a limited space with their major nest predator, the skuas. We conducted artificial nest experiments to evaluate the roles of parental activity, nest location and nest and egg crypsis in this simple predator–prey system. Predation on artificial (inactive) nests was higher in traditional nesting sites than in sites previously not occupied by terns, which suggests that skuas memorized past tern breeding sites. Predation on artificial nests in inactive colonies was higher than in active (defended) colonies. Parental defense reduced predation in colonies to the level observed in artificial nests placed away from colonies. This suggests that communal defense can balance the costs of attracting predators to active colonies. Within colonies, predation was marginally higher on experimental eggs put in real nests than on bare ground. Although it seems that the presence of a nest is costly in terms of increased predation, reductions in nest size might be constrained by the need for protective nest structures and/or balanced by opposing selection on nest size. Predation did not differ markedly between artificial (quail) and real tern eggs. A simultaneous prey choice experiment showed that the observed predation rates reflected egg/nest detectability, rather than discrimination of egg types. In summary, nesting terns probably cannot avoid being detected, and they cannot defend their nest by attending them. Yet, by temporarily leaving the nest, they can defend it through communal predator mobbing, and at the same time, they can benefit from crypsis of unattended nest and eggs.


text:
Difference between revisions of "Cartoon"
m (1 revision)
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dash ''(new in PyMOL 1.8.2)''
<gallery widths="200px" heights="200px">
<gallery widths="200px" heights="200px">
Revision as of 16:55, 17 December 2017
cartoon changes the default cartoon for a set of atoms.
cartoon type, (selection)
- skip (-1)
- automatic (0) (use ss property)
- loop (1)
- rectangle (2)
- oval (3)
- tube (4)
- arrow (5)
- dumbbell (6) (see also cartoon_fancy_helices)
- putty (7) (b-factor scaling)
- dash (8) (new in PyMOL 1.8.2)
cmd.cartoon(string type, string selection )
cartoon rectangle,(chain A) cartoon skip,(resi 145:156)
the "automatic" mode utilizes ribbons according to the information in the PDB HELIX and SHEET records.
Adjusting width of cartoon
Try varying the following.
For nucleic acid backbones which resemble 'loops'; however, are not classified as such by PyMOL (see more about nucleic acid representation settings at bottom of page):
For "fancy" α-helices:
cartoon_dumbbell_length cartoon_dumbbell_width cartoon_dumbbell_radius (radius of cylinder at edge of helix ribbon)
In each case "length" refers to what some might call the width and "width" refers to what some might call the thickness.
Forcing Exact Boundaries in Coloring Secondary Structures
To force PyMOL to respect secondary structural elements color-wise (PyMOL smooths out colors near color chagnes for a prettier image) use the following
set cartoon_discrete_colors, on
The familiar sausage representation in PyMOL is called, "putty". To enable the putty/sausage view simply do,
show cartoon cartoon putty unset cartoon_smooth_loops unset cartoon_flat_sheets
As of v 0.98 or so, there's a Putty option. Use this.
Black and White Representation
UPDATE: This method is essentially obseleted by the new setting set ray_trace_mode,2. More information on this at Ray. For those who want a nifty black and white representation of their protein try the following:
- Ray trace your protein of choice in a cartoon representation use a BLACK background
- Save the image
- Load the image in GIMP.
- Desaturate or Grayscale the image.
- Run the filter: Filter->Edge-Detect->Edge.
- Select: Layers->Color->Invert.
- Different methods of edge detection will give you different results. In the last example, I used Laplace Edge-Detect, then painted an all white layer beneath the current layer to achieve the results.
I'm sure there are other ways to do this. If you want to include it in a publication make sure you ray traced it large enough. For that, see Creating Publication Quality Images.
CA (Alpha Carbon) Trace
If you have a structure with just a alpha carbon trace, you can get a cartoon by
set cartoon_trace,1 show cartoon
If your structure is more than just the CA backbone, the cartoon representation will look incorrect, so use it just with CA trace.
Various Transparency Levels
One can make different cartoon selections have different transparency values, in PyMOL. The trick here is to use "create" or "extract" instead of "select". Create makes new objects that can have independent settings while leaving the original object intact, whereas extract removes the specified atoms from the original object when creating the new object.
load mol_obj.pdb # transfer a piece of the molecule into a new object extract new_obj, chain A # adjust trasparency for the new object set cartoon_transparency, 0.5, new_obj
Nucleic Acid Representation
To control radius of nucleic acids default backbone cartoon:
set cartoon_tube_radius,0.8 #0.5 seems close to the default setting
To show nucleic acids in a nicer format do:
set cartoon_ring_mode,1 show cartoon
Other Nucleic Acids & Cartoon Settings
Here are some things to try:
set cartoon_ring_mode, 1 # (or 2 or 3) set cartoon_ring_finder, 1 # (or 2 or 3 or 4) set cartoon_nucleic_acid_mode, 0 # (or 1 or 2 or 3 or 4) set cartoon_side_chain_helper rebuild set cartoon_ring_transparency, 0.5 set cartoon_ladder_mode, 0 # or 1 set cartoon_ladder_color, color-name set cartoon_nucleic_acid_color, color-name cartoon oval set cartoon_oval_width, 0.8 cartoon rect cartoon dumbbell set cartoon_dumbbell_width, 0.4 set cartoon_dumbbell_radius, 0.4
Breaking Up a Visualization with Cartoon Skip
fetch 1cll, async=0 create a_copy, 1cll # show them as cartoons color blue, 1cll set cartoon_highlight_color, green, 1cll color marine, a_copy set cartoon_highlight_color, magenta, a_copy # select the region of interest select to_hide, i. 0-79 show_as cartoon cartoon skip, to_hide and 1cll orient # hide/skip this section in the original cartoon skip, i. 81-200 and a_copy ray


whose name matches the argument specified. It is an error if this property is not an inherited property.
Function: numeric label-end()
The label-end function returns the calculated label-end value for lists. See the definition of the provisional-label-separation property.
Function: numeric body-start()
The body-start function returns the calculated body-start value for lists. See the definition of the provisional-distance-between-starts property.
NOTE:
When this function is used outside of a list, it still returns a calculated value as specified.
Function: object from-parent( NCName)
The from-parent function returns a computed value of the property whose name matches the argument specified. The value returned is that for the parent of the formatting object for which the expression is evaluated. If there is no parent, the value returned is the initial value. If the argument specifies a shorthand property and if the expression only consists of the from-parent function with an argument matching the property being computed, it is interpreted as an expansion of the shorthand with each property into which the shorthand expands; each having a value of from-parent with an argument matching the property. It is an error if arguments matching a shorthand property are used in any other way.
Function: object from-nearest-specified-value( NCName)
The from-nearest-specified-value function returns a computed value of the property whose name matches the argument specified. The value returned is that for the closest ancestor of the formatting object for which the expression is evaluated on which there is an assignment of the property in the xml result tree in the fo namespace. If there is no such ancestor, the value returned is the initial value. If the argument specifies a shorthand property and if the expression only consists of the from-nearest-specified-value function with an argument matching the property being computed, it is interpreted as an expansion of the shorthand with each property into which the shorthand expands; each having a value of from-nearest-specified-value with an argument matching the property. It is an error if arguments matching a shorthand property are used in any other way.
Function: object from-table-column( NCName)
The from-table-column function returns the inherited value of the property whose name matches the argument specified, from the fo:table-column whose column-number matches the column for which this expression is evaluated and whose number-columns-spanned also matches any span. If there is no match for the number-columns-spanned, it is matched against a span of 1. If there is still no match, the initial value is returned. It is an error to use this function on formatting objects that are not an fo:table-cell or its descendants.
Function: numeric proportional-column-width( numeric)
The proportional-column-width function returns proportional factor (the argument) units of proportional measure. The column widths are first determined ignoring the proportional measures. The difference between the table-width and the sum of the column widths is the available proportional width. One unit of proportional measure is the available proportional width divided by the sum of the proportional factors. It is an error to use this function on formatting objects other than an fo:table-column. It is also an error to use this function if the fixed table layout is not used.
Function: object merge-property-values( NCName)
The merge-property-values function returns a value of the property whose name matches the argument. The value returned is the specified value on the last fo:multi-property-set, of the parent fo:multi-properties, that applies to the User Agent state. If there is no such value, the computed value of the parent fo:multi-properties is returned.
NOTE:
The test for applicability of a User Agent state is specified using the "active-state" property.
It is an error to use this function on formatting objects other than an fo:wrapper that is the child of an fo:multi-properties.
5.10 Property Datatypes
Certain property values are described in terms of compound datatypes, in terms of restrictions on permitted number values, or strings with particular semantics.
The compound datatypes, such as space, are represented in the result tree as multiple attributes. The names of these attributes consist of the property name, followed by a period, followed by the component name. For example a the "space-before" property may be specified as:
space-before.minimum="2.0pt"
space-before.optimum="3.0pt"
space-before.maximum="4.0pt"
space-before.precedence="0"
space-before.conditionality="discard"
A short form of compound value specification may be used, in cases where the datatype has some numeric components. Such a specification consists of giving a numeric value to an attribute with a name matching a property name. Such a specification gives that value to each of the numeric components and the initial value to all the non-numeric components. For example:
space-before="4.0pt"
is equivalent to a specification of
space-before.minimum="4.0pt"
space-before.optimum="4.0pt"
space-before.maximum="4.0pt"
space-before.precedence="0"
space-before.conditionality="discard"
Short forms may be used together with complete forms; the complete forms having precedence over the expansion of a short form. For example:
space-before="4.0pt"
space-before.maximum="6.0pt"
is equivalent to a specification of
space-before.minimum="4.0pt"
space-before.optimum="4.0pt"
space-before.maximum="6.0pt"
space-before.precedence="0"
space-before.conditionality="discard"
Compound values of properties are inherited as a unit and not as individual components.
The following datatypes are defined:
<integer>
A signed integer value which consists of an optional '+' or '-' character followed by a sequence of digits. A property may define additional constraints on the value.
<number>
A signed real number which consists of an optional '+' or '-' character followed by a sequence of digits followed by an optional '.' character and sequence of digits. A property may define additional constraints on the value.
<length>
A signed length value where a 'length' is a real number plus a unit qualification. A property may define additional constraints on the value.
<length-range>
A compound datatype, with components: minimum, optimum, maximum. Each component is a <length>. A property may define additional constraints on the values.
<length-conditional>
A compound datatype, with components: length, conditionality. The length component is a <length>. The conditionality component is either "discard" or "retain". A property may define additional constraints on the values.
<length-bp-ip-direction>
A compound datatype, with components: block-progression-direction, and inline-progression-direction. Each component is a <length>. A property may define additional constraints on the values.
<space>
A compound datatype, with components: minimum, optimum, maximum, precedence, and conditionality. The minimum, optimum, and maximum components are <length>s. The precedence component is either "force" or an <integer>. The conditionality component is either "discard" or "retain".
<keep>
A compound datatype, with components: within-line, within-column, and within-page. The value of each component is either "auto", "always", or an <integer>.
<angle>
An <integer> representing an angle.
<percentage>
A signed real percentage which consists of an optional '+' or '-' character followed by a sequence of digits followed by an optional '.' character and sequence of digits followed by '%'. A property may define additional constraints on the value.
<character>
A single Unicode character.
<string>
A sequence of characters.
<name>
A string of characters representing a name. It must not contain any whitespace, or space characters.
<family-name>
A string of characters identifying a font.
<color>
Either a string of characters representing a keyword or a color function defined in [5.9.2 Color Functions]. The list of keyword color names is: aqua, black, blue, fuchsia, gray, green, lime, maroon, navy, olive, purple, red, silver, teal, white, and yellow.
<country>
A string of characters conforming to an ISO 3166 country code.
<language>
A string of characters conforming to the ISO 639 3-letter code.
<script>
A string of characters conforming to an ISO 15924 script code.
<id>
A string of characters conforming to the XML NMTOKEN definition that is unique within the stylesheet.
<idref>
A string of characters conforming to the XML NMTOKEN definition that matches an ID property value used within the stylesheet.
<uri>
A sequence of characters conforming to a URI value as specified in the URI specification.
<uri-reference>
A sequence of characters conforming to a "URI-reference" as defined in RFC 2396.
6 Formatting Objects
6.1 Introduction to Formatting Objects
The


text:
Unit operations and processes in environmental engineering
Unit operations and processes in environmental engineering, second edition is for an advanced undergraduate course or a graduate-level course in environmental engineering. It has been written primarily for the civil/ environmental engineering curriculum : howefer, It may be used in other fields, such as chemical engineering, where water and wastewater treatment are taught. The book presents water and wastewater treatment untder a single cover, using the unit operation and process approach.
Tidak tersedia versi lain


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I am looking for a way to expand a complicate expression like the follow
(A o B + C o (DxE))*(D o (ExF) - ExA + A)
Here o and x are the operator. I want to expand it so to have it simplified as $$\sum_{n,m} G(f_n, g_m)$$
where G stands for operation (either o or x) of any variable $f_n$ and $g_m$, for example, $G(A, B)$ could be $A \,o\, B$ or $A \, \times\, B$.
Also, o is commutable but x not, i.e. A o B = B o A, but A x B = - B x A. I am looking for a way to deal with any operator but up to now, for simplification, we could take o and x as dot product and cross product for real vector.
After expanding the expression in above form, I would like to regulate each term so the number (coefficient) placed ahead of the vector. For example,
(p+aq)x(p+bq) => pxp + px(bq) + (aq)xp + (aq)x(bq) => pxp + b*(pxq) + a*(qxp) + (a*b)*(qxq)
where p and q are vectors, and a, b are numbers.
share|improve this question
1
You've seen Distribute[] already? – Ｊ. Ｍ. Apr 25 at 16:59

Thanks for your reply. I tried that, it helps to expand the expression partially. What I mean is ... for example, consider an expression of dot and cross products. (p+aq)x(p+bq), where p and q are vectors and a, b are number. Distribute expands the expression as pxp + px(bq) + (aq)xp + (aq)x(bq). But it wonder further simply that to eliminate pxp and aqxbq. Is that any way to do that or to regulate the resulting terms such that each terms will be of the form c*v1xv2 or c*v1.v2 or c*v1, that is, make the coefficient ahead of the vector. Thanks. – user1285419 Apr 25 at 19:51

You might find some ideas at mathematica.stackexchange.com/questions/23423/…. – whuber Apr 25 at 20:16

Thanks. That works for Cross[vec[x], a vec[y]], Cross[a vec[x], vec[y]] but not Cross[a vec[x], b vec[y]] – user1285419 Apr 25 at 20:25
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Why Do Crabs Pull Each Other Down?
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Many of us have heard the phrase "if you can't pull yourself up, pull someone else down". While this expression is generally used in a negative sense, it may be an accurate description of the behavior of crabs. Have you ever noticed the way crabs seem to always be pulling each other down? It's a behavior that has intrigued scientists for many years. In this article, we'll explore the reasons why crabs pull each other down and how this behavior affects their overall well-being.
Why Do Crabs Pull Each Other Down?
Contents
What Causes Crabs to Pull Each Other Down?
Crabs are small aquatic creatures that live in the ocean and many other bodies of water. These animals are known for their peculiar behavior of pulling each other down when one of them tries to escape the water. This behavior has puzzled researchers for years, but recent studies have shed light on the possible causes of this unusual behavior.
One potential explanation for why crabs pull each other down is that they are acting out of self-preservation. When one crab attempts to escape the water, the other crabs may view this as a threat to their safety and will pull them back down in an attempt to protect themselves. This behavior is thought to be an evolutionary adaptation, as it ensures the safety of the entire group of crabs.
Another possible reason for why crabs pull each other down is to protect the species. By preventing one crab from escaping, the others are ensuring the continued survival of the species. This behavior is thought to be a form of altruism, as the crabs are sacrificing their own safety in order to ensure the survival of their species.
See also Is Dna Acidic or Basic?
The Effects of Crowding on Crabs
The behavior of crabs pulling each other down may also be due to the effects of overcrowding. When there are too many crabs in a small area, they may become stressed and become more aggressive. This aggression may manifest itself in the form of crabs pulling each other down in an effort to gain access to more space.
Another possible effect of overcrowding is competition for resources. When there are too many crabs in a small area, resources such as food and shelter become scarce. The crabs may become competitive and may resort to pulling each other down in order to gain access to these resources.
The Role of Social Dynamics in Crabs Pulling Each Other Down
The behavior of crabs pulling each other down may also be related to social dynamics. Crabs live in hierarchical societies, and the dominant crabs may pull the weaker ones down in order to maintain their dominance. This behavior is thought to be a form of dominance display, as it serves to reinforce the hierarchy within the crab community.
Another possible explanation for why crabs pull each other down is related to communication. When a crab is trying to escape the water, the other crabs may interpret this as a sign of distress and may pull the crab down in an effort to help. This behavior may be an attempt to communicate with the distressed crab and ensure its safety.
The Role of Stress in Crabs Pulling Each Other Down
The behavior of crabs pulling each other down may also be due to stress. Crabs can become stressed when they are exposed to new environments or when they are in overcrowded conditions. This stress can manifest itself in the form of aggressive behavior, such as crabs pulling each other down.
Another possible effect of stress on crabs is that it can lead to decreased social interaction. When a crab is feeling stressed, it may withdraw from social activities such as grooming and interacting with other crabs. This decrease in social interaction may lead to crabs pulling each other down as a way to assert their dominance.
See also What Is Mantle Cell Lymphoma Life Expectancy?
The Role of Predators in Crabs Pulling Each Other Down
The behavior of crabs pulling each other down may also be related to predators. Crabs are often preyed upon by larger aquatic creatures, and the other crabs may pull the distressed crab down in an attempt to protect it from being eaten. This behavior is thought to be an evolutionary adaptation, as it ensures the safety of the entire group of crabs.
Another possible reason for why crabs pull each other down is to hide from predators. When one crab attempts to escape the water, the other crabs may view this as a sign of danger and will pull the crab back down in order to protect it. This behavior is thought to be an evolutionary adaptation, as it ensures the safety of the entire group of crabs.
Top 6 Frequently Asked Questions
1. What is the most common reason crabs pull each other down?
The most common reason crabs pull each other down is due to competition for resources. In nature, resources can be scarce, so crabs are forced to compete for food, shelter, and a mate. By pulling each other down, crabs can increase their own chance of survival by eliminating the competition. This behavior is seen in many other animals, including humans.
2. Are there other reasons why crabs pull each other down?
Yes, there are other reasons why crabs pull each other down. For example, if a crab feels threatened by another crab, it may pull the other crab down in order to protect itself. Additionally, if a crab is sick or injured, it may be more vulnerable to attacks from other crabs and thus more likely to be pulled down.
3. How do crabs pull each other down?
Crabs typically pull each other down by grabbing hold of their opponent's legs or claws with their own. This is often done in order to gain an advantage in a fight or to gain access to resources. In some cases, crabs may even use their claws to pinch their opponent in order to cause pain and force them to give up.
See also How Long Does It Take For Blue Light Therapy To Heal?
4. Does pulling each other down always result in a fight?
No, not necessarily. Pulling another crab down can sometimes be a sign of submission. If a crab feels it is outmatched by its opponent, it may pull the other crab down in order to avoid a fight. In this case, the crab is essentially saying "I surrender" and the other crab may back off.
5. Are there any benefits to crabs pulling each other down?
Yes, there are some benefits to crabs pulling each other down. By eliminating competition, crabs can increase their chances of survival by having access to more resources. Additionally, by pulling each other down, crabs can avoid fights that may result in injury or death.
6. Is this behavior unique to crabs?
No, this behavior is not unique to crabs. Many animals, including humans, display similar behaviors when competing for resources. For example, humans may compete for jobs, money, or even mates in order to increase their own chances of survival.
CRABS PULLING EACH OTHER DOWN.
The answer to why crabs pull each other down is complex, but at its core, it's a behavior that is rooted in their evolutionary history. Crabs are hardwired to compete with each other, and they view any perceived advantage as a threat to their own success. By pulling each other down, crabs are able to protect their own interests and maximize their chances of survival. Although this behavior may not be pleasant to watch, it's an essential part of the crab's natural behavior, and it's a reminder of the power of evolution.
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I ran into this recently and thought I would document/pass on the observation:
If you set up a named Layout View, and then try to restore that Layout View when you are in Model Space of a Viewport, the program will automatically switch to Paper Space and restore the requested view, leaving you in Paper Space, without making any change to the drawing extents visible within the Viewport, even if the Viewport is unlocked. That is quite nice and the way it should be. Unfortunately, there is a potential problem.
If the Viewport in which you started had a drawing scale other than 1'-0" = 1'-0" (1:1), which is probably the case for most Viewports, and there is annotative content in that Viewport, the content does not have 1'-0" = 1'-0" (1:1) as an added scale and Annotation Visibility is set to show only the current scale, you may be surprised to find that the annotative content is no longer visible.
You can find the reason for this by unlocking the Viewport (if locked) and clicking on the Annotation Scale Synchronization button (located just to the right of the drawing scale control on the Drawing Window Status Bar when in Model Space of a Layout Viewport - or when in Paper Space and the Viewport is selected). Unfortunately, it is hard to tell the difference between when this button is active or inactive. Even more unfortunate is the fact that using this button to synchronize the viewport annotation scale and the viewport drawing scale means that the viewport drawing scale will be changed to the viewport annotation scale (which is why the Viewport needs to be unlocked for it to work when in Model Space; from Paper Space, the Viewport will rescale even if the Viewport is locked). You will find that the drawing scale changes to 1'-0" = 1'-0" (1:1), so it seems that when you asked ACA to restore the Layout View from Model Space on a Layout, before it switches to Paper Space, it applies the annotation scale of the Layout View (1:1) to the viewport - even if the Viewport is locked! That is why the annotative content disappears (or, should 1'-0" = 1'-0" (1:1) be an assigned scale, changes size).
Rather than selecting the Annotation Scale Synchronization button (unless you want to change the Viewport scale to 1:1), unlock the viewport (if locked) and then use the Viewport Scale control to reselect the same drawing scale. This will reset the annotation scale to match the Viewport scale and your annotative content should leap back into view (or resume the proper size).
An alternate solution (and another way to see that the annotation scale has been changed to 1'-0" = 1'-0" (1:1)) would be to select the Viewport while in Paper Space and on the Design tab of the Properties palette, under the Misc category, reset the Annotation scale property to the same scale as the Viewport scale. You will need to unlock the Viewport to do so, but you can do that with the Display locked property, which is conveniently located just above the Annotation scale property.
Or, you could just remember to switch to Paper Space before restoring the named Layout View, which avoids the problem altogether. That is easier said than done - even after I figured out why the annotation was disappearing, there have been times where I forget to change to Paper Space first. At least now I know why the annotation disappeared and what to do to restore it.


Only the Workflow Manager or a person with relevant permissions can delete a workflow.
If you want to stop a workflow, but still want to keep a record of what has happened, use Abort instead.
To delete a workflow
 1. Find the workflow you wish to delete.
 2. Right-click the workflow and choose Delete
 3. Click OK to confirm deleting.
The Workflow system will alert you if the workflow you are deleting is linked with files.
See also Group role permissions.


Dog Dry Heaving or Gagging? Try One of These (Home) Remedies
Last Updated: April 22, 2020
For the most part, occasional vomiting is not something to worry about. Dogs vomit all the time because they ate too fast or ingested something their stomach didn't agree with. Usually, it's a one-off thing and your pup will feel better after releasing the contents of their stomach.
If you're a dog owner, you probably already know what to expect when this occurs. Most dogs even learn to ask to go outside, so you can anticipate these occurrences.
But what if your dog starts dry heaving regularly?
sick Dog Dry Heaving
Dry heaving is similar to vomiting. Dogs make the same wretching noise and look like they're trying to push something out of their belly. The difference, however, is that nothing comes out.
It can be an alarming thing to witness. This is especially true if it occurs suddenly and frequently. Heaving can be a sign of something serious. So, it's important to understand how to identify the signs and what you can do to provide relief.
Here are the most common causes of dry heaving in dogs and what you can do to prevent it from happening.
 5 Common Causes of Dry Heaving in Dogs
1. Heaving Due to Illness
Yes, your canine companion can get the sniffles every once in a while. If your dog has spent some time around other pups, there's a good chance they caught a contagious illness. Some of the most common are Bordetella and Distemper.
Distemper is airborne, making it easy to spread. When your dog catches it, they may start to cough repeatedly. The heaving may also be accompanied by a high fever and yellowish discharge from their eyes and nose.
The good news is that distemper doesn't usually get that serious. Symptoms can subside on their own with a bit of loving care. To prevent future problems, you can get an annual vaccination that keeps your dog protected from the illness.
Bordetella, also known as kennel cough, is another contagious disease. Dogs can get it when kept in confined spaces with other canines. In addition to coughing, it causes dogs to feel lethargic. The coughs are dry, which is what often causes the heaving.
Like distemper, your dog should start to feel better on their own after a few days.
2. Parasitic Infections
It might be a little gross to think about, but parasitic infections are quite common in dogs. The most innocuous thing, such as a single flea, can cause a major infection that affects your pup's entire body!
Roundworms are the most common. Dogs can become infected by licking soil that's contaminated with eggs. These tiny pests can make their way to your pup's lungs and windpipe. It's that constant tickling of worms that causes dry heaving.
Tapeworms may also be the culprit. Dogs can get tapeworm by ingesting an infected flea. While these usually latch onto your dog's intestines to steal nutrients, they have been known to cause a persistent cough.
heartworm in heart
Finally, there's heartworm. Heartworms can be deadly if left untreated. They can migrate through your dog's heart and lungs to wreak havoc. Like roundworms, they can get into your pup's throat and cause dry heaving.
Luckily, parasitic infections are treatable and preventable. For round or hookworms, you don't even need to visit a vet. You can stop by your local pet supermarket and pick up deworming products to get the job done.
They kill the parasites within a couple of days, finally providing your pup with the relief they are after.
Heartworms require a bit more intensive care from a veterinarian. However, you can get monthly heartworm preventatives to ensure that your pup will never have to deal with those parasites again.
3. Foreign Objects in the Airways
Dogs have a penchant for getting into things they aren't supposed to be messing with. They love to chew on small toys, bits of plastic, and pretty much anything else they can get their paws on. Unfortunately, all of those small items pose a significant choking hazard.
You'd be surprised by how many dogs have to get things removed from their throat a year. The heaving is your dog's attempt to dislodge whatever's stuck in their throat on their own. Depending on the size and placement of the item, your dog may be having issues breathing.
It's imperative that you bring your pooch to the vet as soon as possible. Attempting to dislodge the item on your own is risky. If it's an accessible place in their mouth, you may be able to remove it. However, deeper items in the throat require the expert hands of a professional.
Foreign objects can damage the lining. Plus, you run the risk of pushing the item further into their throat and blocking air altogether. It's best to leave this task to the vet.
4. Blocked Air Passages
Your dog might also be dry heaving because of a non-foreign object blocking their airways. For example, your pup could have a tumor in their throat. Tumors aren't always cancerous, so don't panic just yet.
However, they do need to be surgically removed. Tumors can affect breathing and eating, so it's best to take care of them as soon as possible.
Tonsilitis and Pharyngitis can affect breathing, too. These conditions cause swelling of the glands in the back of the throat. The inflammation prevents air from flowing freely. They can also trigger your dog's gag reflex, which causes dry heaving.
5. Bloat
Now, let's move on to the most serious cause of dry heaving in dogs. Bloat, also known as Gastric Dilation and Volvulus, is a potentially fatal condition that doesn't take long to affect dogs.
While bloating in humans is nothing more than a discomfort, the issue is very dangerous in dogs. With GDV, the stomach fills with air and expands rapidly. This causes the stomach to twist and cut off its own blood supply.
Typically, dry heaving is done by dogs in an attempt to let some gas escape. Unfortunately, the twisting of the stomach prevents this from happening.
GDV requires immediate emergency care. Dry heaving is usually accompanied by lethargy, a tender abdomen, labored breathing, and increased heart rate.
Remedies to Prevent Bloat
Bloat can be caused by several things. More often than not, it's contributed to poor eating habits. Dogs who eat a large amount of food in a short amount of time are at a very high risk of bloat. That's because they tend to take in more air than normal as their gobbling down their kibble.
If dogs start running around and playing after they eat, their risks increase as well. Some breeds are also more prone to suffering from bloat than others.
Deep-chested dogs, such as German Shepherds, Great Danes, and Labrador Retrievers, are automatically at a higher risk because of the structure of their internal organs.
Older dogs tend to experience it more as well. While the condition is largely associated with physical activity, genetics may come into play as well. If the dog's parents had a history of GDV episodes, there's a good chance that the child will too.
There are many simple remedies that you can do to prevent bloat and dry heaving. These changes are cheap and can help you be proactive about the issue. It's important to note that these remedies will not treat GDV itself.
If your dog starts exhibiting the signs of the condition, you'll need to visit a vet immediately.
Invest in a Slow Feeder
Dogs get excited about mealtime. There's no way to stop that! However, you can make it more difficult for the pup to swallow food whole!
Slow feeders are unique dishes that contain deep pits and thick grooves. The food falls into these hard-to-reach spots, forcing your pup to slow down if they want to eat.
You can also consider feeding your dog with food dispensing toys that require a bit of work to get into. Whatever you choose, the goal is to create an obstacle your dog has to work around.
Don't worry, they'll still be able to eat. However, they will be forced to take their time and swallow less air in the process.
Limit Activity for Half an Hour
It's important to keep your dog calm and contained for at least 30 minutes after a meal. This can be difficult because the sudden influx of calories creates a lot of energy your pup wants to get rid of.
You may need to invest in a crate or dog gate to stop your dog from running around. Alternatively, you can just change your attitude.
Treat mealtime as calm time. Wait for half an hour to give the food some time to settle before you go outside to take a walk.
Stick to a Feeding Schedule
Free-feeding isn't recommended for dogs susceptible to bloat. Having free reign of all that food is just a recipe for disaster. Stick to a feeding schedule with small portions.
It's better to break their daily calorie requirements into two or three meals a day rather than feeding it all at one time. This prevents bloat as well as excessive weight gain.
No one knows your dog better than you. So, keep an eye on them when they start dry heaving and take the necessary actions to provide relief as soon as possible. Once the episode has subsided, consider changing your dog's lifestyle a bit to prevent future problems from


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On 27 March 1933 The Change of Name Act was proclaimed in Saskatchewan. This was the first legislation in the province to formalize the process of legally changing one's name. It allowed for anyone over the age of twenty-one years to apply for a change of name. However, certain restrictions applied. No married woman could, during the lifetime of her husband, change her surname as acquired from him; and no married man could apply to change his surname or the given names of his wife, or of their unmarried children under the age of twenty-one, without the wife's consent.
Formal application for a change of name under the 1933 legislation was to be made to the Provincial Secretary. The application was to state the full name of the applicant, the place of residence, and where necessary the full name of his wife as well as full names and ages of minor children, along with the proposed change of name(s). A notice of this application was then published in The Saskatchewan Gazette and a newspaper circulating in the district where the applicant resided. Once the name change had been approved, the Certificate of Change of Name was also published in The Gazette and the local newspaper. It should be noted, though, that the Certificate did not give the ages of minor children as the published notice of application did.
By an amendment to the Act in 1941, people who had lawfully changed their names in jurisdictions outside of Saskatchewan could apply to the Provincial Secretary for Saskatchewan to have that change registered here. That notice would then be published in The Saskatchewan Gazette. The Act was again changed in 1947 so that applications were thereafter to be made to the Director of Vital Statistics. The 1947 amendment stipulated that a married or widowed person over the age of eighteen years could now change his/her name as well. Also, the written consent of a child of fourteen years of age or older was required to change his/her name. As of June that year the Certificate of Change of Name was no longer published in The Gazette, so there is no way of knowing from that source whether or not the application was successful after that date.
The Saskatchewan Gazette is therefore an important, comprehensive source of information regarding all formal applications for changes of name in the province from 1933. However, it had also been used on an intermittent basis to give notice of changes of name as far back as 1917.
The index following this introduction appears in two alphabetical series: one by the original name and another by the new name, as they appeared in The Saskatchewan Gazette. This index will, we feel, be a useful genealogical tool for those who have lost contact with relatives moving into the province, where the name changed subsequent to the move, and for those who, not realizing there has been a change of name, are trying to trace the origins of their families. Researchers using the index are encouraged to consult the original entries in The Gazette in either office of the Saskatchewan Archives Board, since there is often additional information in the published notices, such as ages of minor children and street addresses for instance, that could not be included in the index. It should also be noted that notices of application for change of name continue to be published in The Gazette to the present day, even though this index (rather arbitrarily) stops at the end of 1950.
The Saskatchewan Genealogical Society in publishing this index wishes to acknowledge with thanks the assistance of D'Arcy Hande and the Saskatchewan Archives Board, Debbie Moyer of the Saskatoon Branch (SGS) and Rae Chamberlain of the Biggar Branch (SGS).
Copyright (c) 1993
Saskatchewan Genealogical Society Inc.
PO Box 1894
Regina, Saskatchewan S4P 3E1
No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form without written permission of the publisher.
Printed in Canada.


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Working paper 108
Two parallel tracks of research on economic transformation in developing countries have operated at a distance from each other over the last two decades. A global track – global value chains/global production networks (GVC/GPNs) – has focused on the increasing interconnectedness of global trading networks and has overlooked the role of the state and the explanatory power of domestic political economy. Meanwhile, a domestic track – including literature on developmental states, industrial policy and political settlements – has tended to take a methodologically nationalist perspective to examine economic transformation in developing countries, with limited reflections on external economic and political pressures. This paper contributes to an emerging stream of literature that examines how the domestic and global scales influence how developing country governments and firms tackle the challenge of economic upgrading. By combining insights from the political settlements and GVC/GPNs literature, this paper examines the Rwandan government's attempt at upgrading its coffee production to enter specialty coffee markets. It shows how the existing GVC/GPNs literature makes an important contribution to describing how multipolar governance influences the pathways for economic upgrading in Rwanda's coffee sector, but that even where access is granted, benefits are captive to the demands of international buyers, and gains for some have not translated across the sector. Insights from the political settlements literature showcase how domestic politics influences who benefits from insertion to GVC/GPNs and how the unequal provision of opportunities affects political stability.


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Utah environmental legal requirements are generally found in three places:
Statutes are laws passed by the Utah Legislature and, usually, signed by the Governor. Utah statutes usually provide general guidance about control of pollutants and about how DEQ should implement a program. The activities of each division are governed by at least one statute. The work of the Division of Water Quality, for example, is governed by the Utah Water Quality Act, Utah Code Annotated Sec. 19-5-101 through 124. References to sections of Utah statutes will look like one of the following:
- Utah Code Annotated Sec. 19-2-114
- Utah Air Conservation Act Sec. 19-2-114
- Utah Air Conservation Act, Sec. 114
Utah environmental statutes may be found on the Utah State Legislature's Website.
Rules are laws created by agencies, using authority given to them by statutes. Rules are usually more specific than statutes. References to sections of Utah rules will look like one of the following:
- Utah Admin. Code R315-8-6
- Solid and Hazardous Waste Rules, R315-8-6
Utah environmental rules may be found on the Division of Administrative Rules Website.
To make rules, an agency must have authority under its governing statute and must follow the procedures in the Utah Rulemaking Act, found on the Utah State Legislature's Website.
Licenses and Permits
Licenses and permits contain requirements that bind licensees and permittees. These documents may sometimes be found online; any license or permit is also available for review at DEQ. If you'd like to review a license or permit, it is very helpful to call the agency before coming in.


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Winter is the fourth and last season every year, and the most different season compared to the other three. In winter, tiles turn into snow tiles reducing movement and crops tiles will not generate any income. Winter is the only season in which frostbite can occur.
Terrain changes[edit | edit source]
In winter, all tiles with 1 or more humidity gain the snow effect. Any ground unit that moves in winter will have 1 reduced movement if there is a snow tile along their path (multiple snow tiles to not reduce this further).
In winter, both frostbite and bonedrought can occur on tiles if global warming has progressed far enough. However, due to their mechanics it is unlikely for both to appear on the same tile.


Dartmouth pushes radical change in campus life
After a hard look at student life on campus, the trustees and president of Dartmouth College in Hanover, N.H., have decided it's time for change. In a controversial move, they're targeting a more than 150-year-old way of life: the Greek house system.
Like many colleges, Dartmouth is grappling with issues such as alcohol abuse and gender relations. To that end, administrators last month announced principles that will guide social and residential life at the Ivy League school starting in the _PHONE_ school year:
*There should be greater choice and continuity in residential living and improved residential space.
Recommended: Could you pass a US citizenship test?
*There should be additional and improved social spaces controlled by students.
*The system should be substantially coeducational and provide opportunities for greater interaction among all Dartmouth students.
*The abuse and unsafe use of alcohol should be eliminated.
Alumni and students have reacted in particular to Principle No. 3 -which stands to change single-sex fraternities and sororities to co-ed Greek houses or to eliminate the Greek system altogether.
As part of the Monitor's "On Campus" forum, we've given Dartmouth students past and present an opportunity to weigh in. Their debate, while personal, touches on issues applicable to other schools with Greek systems.
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What are the advantages of using electric water valve as an HVAC control system?
Definition and purpose of electric water valve in HVAC systems
Electric water valves are devices used in HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning) systems to control the flow and regulation of water for the purpose of heating and cooling. They work with a variety of water distribution systems, including radiators, underfloor heating, and chilled ceiling systems. Electric water valves use an electric motor to open or close the valve, providing precise control over water flow and temperature regulation. The valves can be easily connected to a programmable controller, offering automated control of the HVAC system. Overall, electric water valves are essential components of any modern HVAC system, providing precise and reliable control in heating and cooling applications.
Importance of choosing the right HVAC control system
Choosing the right HVAC control system is crucial for ensuring optimal performance and efficiency of a building's heating and cooling system. The control system determines how the HVAC system functions in response to temperature and humidity changes within the space. A poorly designed or outdated control system can result in higher energy consumption, increased maintenance costs, and reduced comfort levels. The right HVAC control system should be easy to use, maintain and provide precise control of the HVAC system's performance. Electric water valves offer several benefits for HVAC control systems, including precise temperature control and remote control capabilities. By investing in high-quality HVAC control systems, building owners can ensure the longevity and effectiveness of their heating and cooling systems while reducing energy consumption and costs.
Advantages of Using Electric Water Valve in HVAC Systems
Accurate Control of Water Flow and Temperature Regulation
One of the primary advantages of using electric ball valve as an HVAC control system is the accurate control of water flow and temperature regulation. Unlike traditional manual valves, electric water valves are easily controlled through programmable controllers for accuracy. The valves are designed to be precise and stable in controlling the flow of water, ensuring that the temperature within the space is consistent and comfortable. This increased accuracy in temperature control helps to avoid any discomfort or damage that could occur from inaccurate temperature control. With electric water valves, the HVAC system is only required to operate according to the building's needs, reducing overall energy consumption, resulting in lower energy costs.
Comparison with traditional manual valves
Compared to traditional manual valves, electric butterfly valve offer significant advantages in HVAC control systems. Manual valves require physical effort to operate, and the valve opening can only be set approximately. The flow of water and temperature regulation in a space cannot be accurately controlled. This imprecise control can result in discomfort and damage due to inaccurate temperature control. On the other hand, electric water valves offer easy, precise control through programmable controllers. The valves can be remotely controlled and programmed to respond to changing conditions. This results in better energy efficiency and overall performance, as the system operates only according to the needs of the space. Overall, electric water valves provide a more efficient and advanced solution compared to manual valves for HVAC systems.
Energy Efficiency and Cost Savings
Another significant advantage of using electric valves as an HVAC control system is the increase in energy efficiency and cost savings. Their automated control and flow adjustment reduces the amount of energy required to heat or cool the space. The precise control over the temperature and flow rates of water helps prevent unwanted temperature fluctuations and improves the overall performance of the HVAC system. In addition, electric water valves can adjust the flow of water to match the specific requirements of a particular space, making them a more energy-efficient option. This level of control and automation leads to improved efficiency, translating into energy savings and increased cost savings over the lifetime of the system. As energy costs continue to rise, these savings can be significant, making electric water valves a worthwhile investment for any HVAC system.
Automated Control and Flow Adjustment
Automated control and flow adjustment are integral features of electric water valves in HVAC systems. These features ensure that the HVAC system performs optimally in response to temperature changes within a space. Electric water valves can be connected to a programmable controller, enabling them to automatically adjust the flow of water to match the specific requirements of a particular space. This automation reduces the workload required of building occupants and ensures that the system operates efficiently. The valves also provide precise temperature control, reducing the risk of unwanted temperature fluctuations that can result in discomfort or damage. Overall, automated control and flow adjustment features increase the energy efficiency and performance of HVAC systems, making them an ideal choice for building owners and operators.
Precision Control of Space and Water Temperature
Electric water valves help deliver a precise control of space and water temperature in HVAC systems. The valves are designed to open and close accurately, allowing accurate control of the flow of water within a system. This makes it possible for the temperature to be regulated with pinpoint accuracy, avoiding unwanted temperature fluctuations. Precision temperature control ensures that building occupants remain comfortable in the space while also reducing energy waste. By providing optimal temperature control, electric water valves help maintain a healthy living and working environment, reducing the risk of discomfort and damage due to extreme temperatures.
Improved Performance and Longevity of HVAC Systems
Electric water valves can significantly improve the performance and longevity of HVAC systems. Electric water valves offer advantages such as automation, which quickly responds to changing temperature conditions. They reduce wear and tear damage by automating regulation and minimize leak risks. Electric water valves prevent damages from power/system failure by optimizing water flow. With improved temperature control and stable operation, HVAC systems experience less strain, which extends their lifespan. Quality electric water valves ensure efficient and peak performance of HVAC systems, reducing future repair or replacement costs.
Prevention of Damage from Power or System Failure
Electric water valves prevent HVAC damages from power or system failure via remote control and flow regulation optimization. Manual valves fail more often than electric valves, creating risk for damage during a power outage. Electric water valves offer an automated alternative, which ensures the HVAC system's protection.
Reduced Wear and Tear from Manual Operation
Compared to traditional manual valves, electric water valves result in reduced wear and tear from manual operation. Manual valves typically require regular physical exertion to open and close, which can cause significant wear and tear over time. This physical strain can cause leaks, damages and other issues in the HVAC system. Electric water valves, on the other hand, can be easily controlled through programmable controllers, reducing the need for manual operation. Electric water valves minimize manual operation-induced HVAC system damage by automating water flow and temperature regulation. Overall, the reduced wear and tear from manual operation helps maintain optimal performance and extend the lifespan of HVAC systems.
Minimal Risk of Leaks
Electric water valves in HVAC systems offer the advantage of minimal risk of leaks. Manual valves need manual operation and are prone to leaks. Electric valves have less leak issues. The designers of electric water valves precisely design them to open and close, allowing for careful regulation of water flow. Electric water valves reduce leakage risks, increasing HVAC system reliability and lifespan while decreasing repairs.
In summary, benefits of electric water valves in HVAC systems include precise temperature control, automation, enhanced energy efficiency, and extended lifespan. These advantages make them a reliable and cost-effective solution for managing temperatures. Building owners can invest in high-quality HVAC systems, guaranteeing comfort and healthy living environments. Moreover, occupants can enjoy optimal comfort and productivity within spaces. Electric water valves are a better alternative to manual valves and outdated HVAC control systems, making them a highly recommended option for building owners and facility managers.