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link is a pressure or a tension.
If we know whether the stress of any one link is a pressure or a tension, this determines the cyclical order of the sides of the two polygons corresponding to the ends of the links, and therefore the cyclical order of all the poly-gons, and the nature of the stress in every link of the frame.
Definition of Reciprocal Diagrams.
When to every point of concourse of the lines in the dia-gram of stress corresponds a closed polygon in the skeleton of the frame, the two diagrams are said to be reciprocal.
The first extensions of the method of diagrams of forces to other cases than that of the funicular polygon were given by Bankine in his Applied Mechanics (1857). The method was independently applied to a large number of cases by Mr W. P. Taylor, a practical draughtsman in the office of the well-known contractor Mr J. B. Cochrane, and by Professor Clerk Maxwell in his lectures in King's College, London. In the Phil. Mag. for 1864 the latter pointed out the reciprocal properties of the two diagrams, and in a paper on " B,eciprocal Figures, Frames, and Diagrams of Forces," Trans. R. S. Edinburgh, vol. xxvi. (1870), he I showed the relation of the method to Airy's function of stress and to other mathematical methods.
Professor Fleeming Jenkin has given a number of appli-cations of the method to practice (Trans. R. S. Edin., voL
1 XXV. ^
Cremona{le figure reeiproehe nella statica grqfica, Milan, 1872) has deduced the construction of reciprocal figures from the theory of the two components of a wrench as developed by Mbbius.
Culmann, in his Graphische Statik, makes great use of diagrams of forces, some of which, however, are not reciprocal.
M. Maurice Levy in his Statique Graphique (Paris, 1874) has treated the whole subject in an elementary but copious manner.
Mr B. H. Bow, C.E., F.R.S.E., in his work on The
Economics of Construction in relation to Framed Structures, 1873, has materially simplified the process of drawing a diagram of stress reciprocal to a given frame acted on by a system of equilibrating external forces.
Instead of lettering the joints of the frame, as is usually done, or the links of the frame, as was the writer's custom, he places a letter in each of the polygonal areas inclosed by the links of the frame, and also in each of the divisions of surrounding space as separated by the lines of action of the external forces.
Fin. 1.—Diagram nf Configuration.
H
When one link of the frame crosses another, the point of apparent intersection of the links is treated as if it were a real joint, and the stresses of each of the intersecting links are represented twice in the diagram of stress, as the opposite sides of the parallelogram which corresponds to the point of intersection.
FIG. 2.—Diagram of Stress.
This method is followed in the lettering of the diagram of configuration (fig. 1), and the diagram of stress (fig. 2) of the linkwork which Professor Sylvester has called a quadruplane.
In fig. 1 the real joints are distinguished from the places where one link appears to cross another by the little circles O, P, Q, B, S, T, V.
The four links RSTV form a " contraparallelogram " in which BS = TV and BV = ST.
The triangles BOS, RPV, TQS are similar to each other. A fourth triangle (TNV), not drawn in the figure, would complete the quadruplane. The four points O, P, N, Q form a parallelogram whose angle POQ is constant and equal to ir - SOB. The product of the distances OP and OQ is constant.
The linkwork may be fixed at O. If any figure is traced by P, Q will trace the inverse figure, but turned round O through the constant angle POQ.
In the diagram forces Pp, Qq are balanced by the force Oo at the fixed point. The forces Pp and Qq are necessarily inversely as OP and OQ, and make equal angles with those lines.
Every closed area formed by the links or the external forces in the diagram of configuration is marked by a letter which corresponds to a point of concourse of lines in the diagram of stress.
The stress in the link which is the common boundary of two areas is represented in the diagram of stress by the line joining the points corresponding to those areas.
When a link is divided into two or more parts by lines crossing it, the stress in each part is represented by a different line for each part, but as the stress is the same throughout the link these lines are all equal and parallel. Thus in the figure the stress in BV is represented by the four equal and parallel lines HI, FG, DE, and AB.
If two areas have no part of their boundary in common the letters corresponding to them in the diagram of stress are not joined by a straight line. If, however, a straight line were drawn between them, it would represent in direc-tion and magnitude the resultant of all the stresses in the links which are cut by any line, straight or curved, joining the two areas.
For instance the areas F and C in fig. 1 have no common boundary, and the points F and C in fig. 2 are not joined by a straight line. But every path from the area F to the area C in fig. 1 passes through a series of other areas, and each passage from one area into a contiguous area cor-responds to a line drawn in the diagram of stress. Hence the whole prth from F to C in fig. 1 corresponds to a path formed of lines in fig. 2 and extending from F to C, and the resultant of all the stresses in the links cut by the path is represented by FC in fig. 2.
Automatic Description of Diagrams.
There are many other kinds of diagrams in which the two co-ordinates of a point in a plane are employed to indicate the simultaneous values of two related quantities.
If a sheet of paper is made to move, say horizontal^, with a constant known velocity, while a tracing point is made to move in a vertical straight line, the height varying as the value of any given physical quantity, the point will trace out a curve on the paper from which the value of that quantity at any given time may be determined.
This principle is applied to the automatic registration of phenomena of all kinds, from those of meteorology and terrestrial magnetism to the velocity of cannon-shot, the vibrations of sounding bodies, the motions of animals, voluntary and involuntary, and the currents in electric telegraphs.
Indicator Diagram.
In Watt's indicator for steam engines the paper does not move with a constant velocity, but its displacement is proportional to that of the piston of the engine, while that of the tracing point is proportional to the pressure of the steam. Hence the co-ordinates of a point of the curve traced on the diagram represent the volume and the pressure of the steam in the cylinder. The indicator-diagram not only supplies a record of the pressure of the steam at each stage of the stroke of the engine, but indi-cates the work done by the steam in each stroke by the area inclosed by the curve traced on the diagram.
The indicator-diagram was invented by James Watt as a method of estimating the work done by an engine. It was afterwards used by Clapeyron to illustrate the theory of
heat, and this use of it was greatly developed by Eankine in his work on the steam engine.
The use of diagrams in thermodynamics has been very completely illustrated by Frof. J. Willard Gibbs (Connec-ticut Acad. Sci., vol. iii.), but though his methods throw
much light on the general theory of diagrams as a method
of study, they belong rather to thermodynamics than to
the present subject. (J. o. in.)
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Why is there no reactionary international theory?
MacKay, Joseph; LaRoche, Christopher David
Why is there no reactionary international theory? International relations has long drawn on a range of traditions in political thought. However, no current, or even recent, major school of international-relations theory embraces reactionary doctrine. This is more surprising than some might assume. Reaction was once common in the field and is now increasingly common in world politics. In this note, we define reaction and show that no active and influential school of international-relations...[Show more]
CollectionsANU Research Publications
Date published: 2018-06
Type: Journal article
Source: International Studies Quarterly
DOI: 10.1093/isq/sqx083
Access Rights: Open Access
File Description SizeFormat Image
MacKay and LaRoche Why Is There 2018.pdf285.4 kBAdobe PDFThumbnail


glass electrode
Definition from Wiktionary, the free dictionary
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Wikipedia has an article on:
glass electrode (plural glass electrodes)
 1. (chemistry, physics) Any of several electrodes, having a thin glass bulb, whose potential is dependent upon the concentration of hydrogen or other ions in the solution in which it is immersed; used in pH meters etc.


text:
High-performance optical projection controllable ZnO nanorod arrays for microweighing sensors†
Optical microweighing sensors are an essential component of micro-force measurements in physical, chemical, and biological detection fields, although, their limited detection range (less than 15°) severely hinders their wide application. Such a limitation is mainly attributed to the essential restrictions of traditional light reflection and optical waveguide modes. Here, we report a high-performance optical microweighing sensor based on the synergistic effects of both a new optical projection mode and a ZnO nanorod array sensor. Ascribed to the unique configuration design of this sensing method, this optical microweighing sensor has a wide detection range (more than 80°) and a high sensitivity of 90 nA deg−1, which is much larger than that of conventional microcantilever-based optical microweighing sensors. Furthermore, the location of the UV light source can be adjusted within a few millimeters, meaning that the microweighing sensor does not need repetitive optical calibration. More importantly, for low height and small incident angles of the UV light source, we can obtain highly sensitive microweighing properties on account of the highly sensitive ZnO nanorod array-based UV sensor. Therefore, this kind of large detection range, non-contact, and non-destructive microweighing sensor has potential applications in air quality monitoring and chemical and biological detection.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
Gradelink allows Teachers to share their Collection of Lesson Plans with other Teachers.
To share your Collection with other Teachers:
- Select the Lesson Plans tab and open a lesson plan.
- Open your Collection by clicking on the folder icon in the top left corner.
- Open the "Share" menu.
- Check the box labeled "Share my Collection".
In addition to sharing your Collection, you can also control which Collections from other Teachers you're viewing by checking the boxes next to their names. Only Teachers who have shared their collection will appear.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


A Definite Assignment Anomaly
A Definite Assignment Anomaly
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 - Comments 22
UPDATE: I have discovered that this issue is considerably weirder than the initial bug report led me to believe. I've rewritten the examples in this article; the previous ones did not actually demonstrate the bug.
 Consider the following code:
struct S
 private string blah;
 public S(string blah)
 this.blah = blah;
 public void Frob()
 { // whatever
This method body code fragment is legal (though probably ill-advised):
S s1 = new S();
Every struct has a default constructor which initializes its fields to their default values; this frobs the zero handle.
What about this?
S s2;
Looks like a definite assignment error, doesn't it?
An interesting and little-known fact about the C# compiler is that this is reported as a definite assignment error if the struct is compiled from source code, but not if the struct is in a referenced assembly! What is the reasoning behind this seemingly anomalous behaviour?
Well, consider the following related situation:
struct SS
 public int x;
 public int y;
 public void Bar() {…}
Here we have the pure unadulterated evil that is a mutable value type. Is this legal?
SS ss;
ss.x = 123;
ss.y = 456;
Yes, that is legal. The local variable s essentially has two sub-variables, x and y. If x and y are both definitely assigned, then s is also considered to be definitely assigned. When checking definite assignment on a struct, the compiler actually checks to see whether we know that every field of the struct has been initialized. A constructor call is assumed to automatically initialize every field, but if there is not a constructor call, then we simply track every field independently and then pool the results. (And if the fields are themselves of value type, we do so recursively of course.)
The anomaly happens because when the compiler sees that the type in question is in source code, it tracks the definite assignment of all the fields, detects that "s1.blah" is an unassigned field, and gives a definite assignment error on s1. But when the type in question is from a referenced assembly, the compiler ignores inaccessible fields of reference type. We see that there were zero fields initialized out of the zero accessible fields that needed to be initialized, and declare that s1 must be fully assigned!
UPDATE: Initially I thought this behaviour was odd and undesirable but plausibly justifiable. However I have since learned that in fact, for reasons still obscure to me, the compiler only ignores inaccessible fields of reference type. Inaccessible fields of value type are still tracked for definite assignment. This weird inconsistency points strongly in the direction of this being a bug, not a feature. Continuing with my original text...
This behaviour is undoubtedly weird; whether it is desirable or not is a judgment call. There certainly is an argument to be made that the user has no ability to do anything about a private field on an imported type; a type they almost certainly did not author themselves, do not know the details of, and cannot change. Whereas if the type is in source code, then the user running the compiler has personal knowledge of its internals. So, the argument goes, we should give the user a pass on having to prove that the fields they cannot access and know nothing about are assigned; just let them be assigned to their default values and don't worry about them.
There is also the (more compelling to me) argument that we ought to be consistent here and either consider all the fields all the time, or consider only the accessible fields all the time, rather than swapping back and forth between the two choices depending on the details of the compilation process. My choice would be the former; force the user to call the default constructor or use the "default(T)" operator if they really want the all-zero default version of the struct. That makes the intention very clear in the code.
Unfortunately, though I think I've argued that this behaviour is plausibly undesirable, we're stuck with it. There are numerous BCL structs which have no public fields, and lots of existing code which uses them without calling the default constructor. Changing now to make this an error is a breaking change with no compelling benefit, and we're not going to do that. Particularly since the anomaly is essentially harmless; whether we force you to say "s1 = new S()" or not, the handle field is in practice always initialized to its default value.
Nor do I think we should change this by making the code legal in all cases, even if the type is in source code; that's making a bad situation worse merely in order to achieve consistency. This seems like the very definition of "foolish consistency".
 - This is an interesting case. I was not aware there were situations where the compiler would allow you to declare a local instance without either initializing it or calling a constructor explicitly. Back in my C++ days, I recall many a time when local instances would be declared using a constructorless notation:
 S s1; // default constructor automatically called
 I always found this notation confusing - particularly since to following is also legal, but much more obvious:
 S s1 = S(); // also legal but clearer
 - _USER_:
 When compiling the version which is in the same assembly, does it complain regardless of the contents of Frob(). Or does it actually check whether Frob() references fields, and complain about those specifically?
 To be more precise, say I have Frob implemented thus:
 void Frob() { handle =...; }
 Would it still complain about the lack of definite initialization? If not, and if I call Frob on uninitialized handle, will it recognize s.handle as initialized after Frob returns for the purposes of definite initialization? Or does it generally assume that any method call on a struct will access all its fields?
 (I kinda have to ask because the behavior that you describe only makes some sense to me if compiler actually does cross-method boundary analysis for definite assignment for methods for which it has the source code).
 _USER_: your second C++ snippet requires a copy constructor to exist (even if it's optimized away, which it legally can be), while the first one does not, so there is a difference. I don't really have a problem with the parentheses-less syntax as such; the real evilness of C++ is the distinction between POD and non-POD, and initialization thereof.
 We do not do cross-method analysis. Basically, it's analyzed as though the code
 was actually written as
 MyHandle.Frob(ref h1);
 Since we are passing a variable as "ref", it must be definitely assigned before the method call. We check definite assignment on structs by verifying that all known fields of the struct are fully assigned. In the "import from metadata" case, we don't even load information about private fields off of the disk, so as far as we know, its fully assigned. But in source code, we have all the private field info available in memory already, and we use it. -- Eric
 - Is this behavior in line with the specification?
 Good question. The spec says "A struct-type variable is considered definitely assigned if each of its instance variables is considered definitely assigned." Notice that it does not say "each of its accessible instance variables'. So technically, I suppose this is a violation of the specification. -- Eric
 - Pavel does make a point though.
 Suppose I have this silly mutable value type:
 public struct Point {
 public int X { get; set; }
 public int Y { get; set; }
 public Color Color { get; set; }
 public void GetColorFromWhatever(Whatever) {
 Color =...;
 and I call
 Point p;
 p.X = x;
 p.Y = y;
 Obviously (obvious to the programmer, not to the compiler), this is what I meant to do albeit a bit awkward. I don't really want to assign color since it's a calculated value. But I have to either do
 Point p = new Point();
 p.Color = dummy;
 I was willing to accept that - I prefer calling the constructor anyway. But now you tell me that if Color was a struct in a different assembly it would work - now that suddenly doesn't make sense.
 - [quote]Every struct has a default constructor which initializes its fields to their default values[/quote]
 This is the real problem IMHO. As far as I'm concerned, there should never be an implicit parameter-less (default) constructor - if the dev wanted the object to be called with a parameter-less constructor, it would be in the definition. I've been bitten by this back in my C++ days (though for the life of me I don't remember the context, only that it was a PITA to track down), and hoped that C# was immune to it.
 I'm sure there is some reason for it, but does that reason outweigh the problems?
 - An important case to consider in this discussion is this one:
 S[] sArray = new S[_PHONE_];
 If you require me to call S's constructor, how will you make sure I call it for all the values of this array?
 In the case of arrays of classes, it's simple, because they're initialized to null, which means to class exists yet. But in the case of a value type, as soon as you allocate space, you have a struct.
 -


text:
July 31, 2017 | by Dory Benford
For people living in minority and underserved communities, the divide between patients and health care providers can be hard to overcome.
These patients can feel that their concerns are not being heard, their doctors don't understand where they're coming from culturally or linguistically, or that they are being condescended to.
Sadly, these communication breakdowns can be fatal when individuals skip recommended cancer screenings or ignore cancer-related symptoms they may be experiencing, all to avoid doctor visits.
At City of Hope, the Center of Community Alliance for Research & Education (CCARE), seeks to facilitate better communication between minority patients and health care practitioners by fostering strong partnerships with community organizations.
We spoke to CCARE's manager, Mayra Serrano, M.P.H., C.H.E.S., about the methods they use to bring their cancer prevention messages to the community.
There are several reasons that people living in minority or underserved communities may be hesitant to seek medical care.
"The most common thing I hear is that people are afraid screening exams are going to hurt — that they're painful. They feel they don't need it because they feel fine, and we're talking about prevention and screening for things you don't have. This isn't something where you are sick and you have a cold, so you want to go to the doctor. It's a hard sell, because we're asking people to go through sometimes invasive procedures when they're not sick," said Serrano.
"The cost is another issue. Sometimes people are uninsured or can't take time off work. A lot of it, too, is just lack of knowledge. People don't know that they need these services. They don't know that they need a mammogram every year after 40, or a colonoscopy after 50, or a pap test every three years after the age of 21. I hear a lot of that."
Taking all of these concerns into consideration, CCARE forges inroads with these communities by meeting people where they are, bringing important cancer prevention and screening information directly to communities commonly left out of the health care discussion.
"I think out biggest strength is our community partnerships. We partner with churches, clinics, grassroots organizations, survivor advocates, support groups, schools. I've even been to people's living rooms," said Serrano.
"At CCARE, our first question is always what can we do for you? Not, what can you do for me? We're offering them our services. It takes time to build these partnerships. Years, even."
CCARE arranges community events with these partners, bringing in nurses, doctors and health educators to inform community members about cancer prevention, and sometimes even provide screening exams like mammograms to detect breast cancer or PSA tests to find prostate cancer. If exams are not being completed on site, team members are armed with information on where people can find low cost health care services.


Witnessing practices of resistance, resilience and kinship in childbirth: a collective narrative project— Phoebe Barton
This article explores the in uence of sociocultural narratives on stories of birth, and the use of individual and collective narrative practices in responding to these stories. It emerged from a research project that included 12-recorded conversations with individuals and couples about their experiences of birth. The article describes narrative practices used in these conversations, including: re-authoring and the development of alternative storylines, particularly in response to stories of grief and regret about birth; deconstructing and externalising the context and narratives of birth, turning the gaze back onto structural or systemic issues rather than those at their affect; re-membering and strengthening stories of membership and connection during pregnancy, birth and early parenting; and the absent but implicit, including pain as testimony. The article discusses the methodology and ethics of a collective narrative project that included the production of a document that elevates the insider knowledges of storytellers about their experiences of birth.


text:
What does POT mean in Educational?
This page is about the meanings of the acronym/abbreviation/shorthand POT in the Community field in general and in the Educational terminology in particular.
Find a translation for POT in other languages:
Select another language:
What does POT mean?
- metal or earthenware cooking vessel that is usually round and deep; often has a handle and lid


text:
Museum of Contemporary Art MAC Nitéroi, Rio de Janeiro
The captive plane trajectory in the Parque do Flamengo in Rio de Janeiro is a regular meeting point for lovers of model airplanes. Connected to the pilot via two thin ropes, the motor-powered planes circle around a trajectory designed by landscape architect Burle Marx as part of the city's large-scale modernization project in the 1950s. Researching the plane trajectory, the artist found that its orbital radius is almost identical to the dimensions of the circular panoramic corridor of the nearby Museum of Contemporary Art MAC Niterói, built by Oskar Niemeyer.
More than 16 custom-made directional microphones recorded the engine noise of the captive planes. This sound was later transferred to the museum's Panorama Corridor, using the same number of loudspeakers spread across the 360° viewing platform that overlooks Guanara Bay. Except for the sound installation and a video loop of the model aircrafts at the end of the exhibition, the hall was completely empty. Playing out the sound in the same direction of movement, and in a reference to the matching radius of trajectory and panoramic corridor, the installation created the illusion of an invisible plane permanently circling inside the museum space. It was the sound, or more precisely the construction of a surround system, which conveyed the peculiarities of the architecture to the visitor.


text:
Paid family leave policies have the potential to reduce health disparities, yet access to paid leave remains limited and unevenly distributed in the United States. The US is the only OECD country that does not provide paid leave for new parents, and just 8 states and the District of Columbia have passed partially-paid family leave policies.
In a new paper, Julia Goodman of the OHSU-PSU School of Public Health, Will Dow of UC Berkeley, and Holly Elser of Stanford University examine the impact of the 2017 San Francisco Paid Parental Leave Ordinance (PPLO), the first in the US to provide parental leave with full pay.
The research team drew on two complementary data sources: administrative data from the California Employment Development Department to estimate the effects of the Paid Parental Leave Ordinance on leave-taking, and survey data of new mothers to help understand the remaining barriers to leave-taking. Their findings show that the PPLO moderately increased parental leave uptake among fathers but did not increase leave among mothers. Limited knowledge and reach of the PPLO likely dampened its potential effects:
- Men in San Francisco increased their uptake 13 percent more than did men in surrounding counties after the PPLO went into effect, but women's leave-taking did not change.
- Lower-income mothers reported less knowledge of their maternity leave benefits than other mothers, and were 48 percentage points less likely to report receiving information from their employers.
- Fewer than 2 percent of lower-income mothers had accurate information about the PPLO (that is, knew that it includes fathers and ensures full pay for six weeks), despite extensive public outreach.
- Employers were not a reliable source of information for many workers.
- Health care providers were the only source of information being used equally by low and high-income women and their use over time increased with both groups.
- Among women who were employed during pregnancy, only 33 percent of lower-income women were employed in jobs that were covered by the PPLO, compared to 65 percent of higher-income women.
Implications for Policy and Practice
The current policy is not well targeted for low-income working families. A universal policy would be more effective in expanding parental leave among vulnerable workers. The research reveals three ways to structure paid leave to increase uptake:
Expand eligibility: The San Francisco policy has limited impact due to its eligibility restrictions which exclude small employers, independent contractors, and those in the public sector. These exclusions limit the reach of these benefits among low-income workers. Lower-income women were far less likely than their higher-income counterparts to work in jobs or to have partners employed in jobs covered by the PPLO.
Increase education: Many women, particularly lower-income women, had limited knowledge of maternity leave benefits available to them. More robust outreach would be helpful to increase knowledge of leave benefits as would ensuring that health care providers understand the benefits. In addition, making leave universally available makes it easy for all parents to know they are eligible.
Simplify the program: A less complex policy design and application process would also be helpful, so parents are not required to learn the many nuances of state and local systems. For cities that establish benefits supplementing state policies, like San Francisco, confusion could be reduced by establishing a local office to coordinate applications and benefit payments for all relevant leave policies on behalf of the employee. This would also relieve individual applicants from the burden of figuring out which specific rules apply in their city.


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Space Race: An Interactive Digital Tool in the Classroom. Are You Ready?
Luesma, Mª José
Artal-Sevil, Jesús Sergio
METS:Mostrar el registro METS
PREMIS:Mostrar el registro PREMIS
MetadataShow full item record
This document presents an interdisciplinary teaching experience based on Game-based Learning as an educational methodology complementary to the Flipped Classroom pedagogical approach in higher education. The tool used was the Space Race application integrated into the free Socrative software. A more active and meaningful learning has been promoted in the student with its implementation. Likewise, it has allowed the face-to-face classes to be energized, creating a relaxed atmosphere. The reflective and critical use of technological applications and mobile devices in the classroom has also been encouraged. The use of the Space Race has increased the participation of students in the classroom, their motivation and interest, collaborating in the development of skills and abilities. This tool has been very useful to obtain bidirectional teacher-student feedback in real time. As a result, a more cooperative, reflective and meaningful learning has been obtained.


RarEntry::extract
(PECL rar >= 0.1)
RarEntry::extractExtract entry from the archive
Descrição
public RarEntry::extract(
 string $dir,
 string $filepath = "",
 string $password = NULL,
 bool $extended_data = false
): bool
RarEntry::extract() extracts the entry's data. It will create new file in the specified dir with the name identical to the entry's name, unless the second argument is specified. See below for more information.
Parâmetros
dir
Path to the directory where files should be extracted. This parameter is considered if and only if filepath is not. If both parameters are empty an extraction to the current directory will be attempted.
filepath
Path (relative or absolute) containing the directory and filename of the extracted file. This parameter overrides both the parameter dir and the original file name.
password
The password used to encrypt this entry. If the entry is not encrypted, this value will not be used and can be omitted. If this parameter is omitted and the entry is encrypted, the password given to rar_open(), if any, will be used. If a wrong password is given, either explicitly or implicitly via rar_open(), CRC checking will fail and this method will fail and return false. If no password is given and one is required, this method will fail and return false. You can check whether an entry is encrypted with RarEntry::isEncrypted().
extended_data
If true, extended information such as NTFS ACLs and Unix owner information will be set in the extract files, as long as it's present in the archive.
Aviso
Prior to version 2.0.0, this function would not handle relative paths correctly. Use realpath() as a workaround.
Valor Retornado
Retorna true em caso de sucesso ou false em caso de falha.
Changelog
Versão Descrição
PECL rar 3.0.0 extended_data was added.
PECL rar 3.0.0 Support for RAR archives with repeated entry names is no longer defective.
Exemplos
Exemplo #1 RarEntry::extract() example
<?php
$rar_file
= rar_open('example.rar') or die("Failed to open Rar archive");
$entry = rar_entry_get($rar_file, 'Dir/file.txt') or die("Failed to find such entry");
$entry->extract('/dir/to'); // create /dir/to/Dir/file.txt
$entry->extract(false, '/dir/to/new_name.txt'); // create /dir/to/new_name.txt
?>
Exemplo #2 How to extract all files in archive:
<?php
/* example by Erik Jenssen aka erix */
$filename = "foobar.rar";
$filepath = "/home/foo/bar/";
$rar_file = rar_open($filepath.$filename);
$list = rar_list($rar_file);
foreach(
$list as $file) {
$entry = rar_entry_get($rar_file, $file);
$entry->extract("."); // extract to the current dir
}
rar_close($rar_file);
?>
Veja Também
add a note
User Contributed Notes 2 notes
up
7
nelson_km_94 at hotmail dot com
8 years ago
Example #2 has a mistake.
This one works fine:
<?php
/* example by Erik Jenssen aka erix */
$filename = "foobar.rar";
$filepath = "/home/foo/bar/";
$rar_file = rar_open($filepath.$filename);
$list = rar_list($rar_file);
foreach(
$list as $file) {

$entry = rar_entry_get($rar_file, $file->getName());

$entry->extract("."); // extract to the current dir
}
rar_close($rar_file);
?>
up
0
Anonymous
9 years ago
If the entry to extract is a directory as per RarEntry::isDirectory(), this method does not seem to extract the entries below that directory as one might expect from using the command-line RAR or WinRAR.
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Green building facts
- Buildings consume 32% of the world's resources including 12% of fresh water and 40% of the world's energy (7).
- In Australia commercial buildings produce almost 9% of our national Greenhouse gas emissions (8).
- To make way for the new Law School the Edgeworth David building and the Stephen Roberts lecture theatre were demolished in 2006. Over 80% of the materials from these buildings were recycled including the valuable copper from the roof of the lecture theatre
The new Law School Building
7. "Environmentally Sustainable Buildings: Challenges and Policies" OECD (2003)
8. "Australia State of the Environment Report" Department of Environment & Heritage (2001)

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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A comment by Tim Lymington notes that the wife of an earl is a countess. Why is this so? Shouldn't it have been earless? Was this perhaps a conscious decision due to its homography with ear-less?
Did a jarl ever have a jarless? Ah. Perhaps not.
share|improve this question
-ess is a suffix from French; the most common Germanic suffix is -in, so if there were an inherited feminine form of jarl it would probably be jarlin. One can speculate that this would have come into English as earlen (the only desinence of -in I can think of in English is vixen, from fox). – Colin Fine Jan 19 '13 at 19:41
3 Answers 3
The male version of countess is sometimes count. From Wikipedia:
An earl was originally another title, but later came to be equivalent to count:
An earl is a member of the nobility. The title is Anglo-Saxon, akin to the Scandinavian form jarl, and meant "chieftain", particularly a chieftain set to rule a territory in a king's stead. In Scandinavia, it became obsolete in the Middle Ages and was replaced with duke (hertig/hertug). In later medieval Britain, it became the equivalent of the continental count (in England in the earlier period, it was more akin to duke; in Scotland it assimilated the concept of mormaer)....
The Norman-derived equivalent "count" was not introduced following the Norman Conquest of England though "countess" was and is used for the female title. As Geoffrey Hughes writes, "It is a likely speculation that the Norman French title 'Count' was abandoned in England in favour of the Germanic 'Earl' […] precisely because of the uncomfortable phonetic proximity to cunt".
share|improve this answer
To further complicate things: "An earl has the title Earl of [X] when the title originates from a placename, or Earl [X] when the title comes from a surname. In either case, he is referred to as Lord [X], and his wife as Lady [X]. A countess who holds an earldom in her own right also uses Lady [X], but her husband does not have a title (unless he has one in his own right)." – Hugo Jan 19 '13 at 6:32
Thanks! So, the reason is "for lack of a better term"? How dull :( Any idea what female jarls were called? – coleopterist Jan 19 '13 at 7:18
As far as I can tell, jarls were only men with no special title for their wives, although the first ever female Guizer Jarl was chosen in 2010, there's no mention of a feminine title. _URL_ (But this actual title only dates from 1906, the role was only created in 1881, and some say it's "based upon a flawed Viking perspective".) – Hugo Jan 19 '13 at 7:32
Before the title died out, jarl was also used for a higher rank in Scandinavia, including rulers of petty kingdoms. I imagine it is for this reason that we normally translate Greve and Lensgreve as Count rather than Earl even though the latter would be a more "complete" translation into English. – Jon Hanna Jan 19 '13 at 14:09
As Hugo cites in his Wikipedia reference, the title of earl is derived from the Anglo-Saxon title. An eorl was the highest rank below the king in pre-Norman England, and there was no female version of the word. Indeed, the only female noble who had a title at all was the cyninge (queen). There existed a kind of abstract title, but it was pretty broad:
ides f (-e/-a) virgin; 2 woman, wife, lady, queen; [it is a word little used except in poetry, and it is supposed by Grimm to have been applied, in the earliest times, like the Greek numfé, to superhuman beings, occupying a position between goddesses and mere women]
In all my reading about the period I have never encountered a female title of rank corresponding to eorl (itself replacing ealdorman). Indeed, even the famous wife of Eorl Leofric of Mercia, whom you know as Lady Godiva (_PHONE_), is simply referred to by her given name, Godgifu.
Given that there was no traditional corresponding title of rank, it is not surprising that one should have been borrowed.
share|improve this answer
An earl and a count are equivalent. But "count" from the French, is a much more common usage in English than "earl," which is derived from the Scandinavian "jarl."
Hence the female version, countess, is a "take off" of a "count" rather than an "earl."
share|improve this answer
On what grounds do you say "'count'... is a much more common usage than English than 'earl'"? Given that earl is a rank in British nobility and count isn't, I think this is nonsense. – Colin Fine Jan 19 '13 at 19:34
Your Answer


Semicircular potential well
Semicircular potential well
In quantum mechanics, the case of a particle in a one-dimensional ring is similar to the particle in a box. The particle follows the path of a semicircle from 0 to pi where it cannot escape, because the potential from pi to 2 pi is infinite. Instead there is total reflection, meaning the particle bounces back and forth between 0 to pi. The Schrödinger equation for a free particle which is restricted to a semicircle (technically, whose configuration space is the circle S^1) is
-frac{hbar^2}{2m}nabla^2 psi = Epsi quad (1)
Wave function
Using cylindrical coordinates on the 1 dimensional semicircle, the wave function depends only on the angular coordinate, and so
nabla^2 = frac{1}{s^2} frac{partial^2}{partial phi^2} quad (2)
Substituting the Laplacian in cylindrical coordinates, the wave function is therefore expressed as
-frac{hbar^2}{2m s^2} frac{d^2psi}{dphi^2} = Epsi quad (3)
The moment of inertia for a semicircle, best expressed in cylindrical coordinates, is I stackrel{mathrm{def}}{=} iiint_V r^2,rho(r,phi,z),r dr,dphi,dz!. Solving the integral, one finds that the moment of inertia of a semicircle is I=m s^2, exactly the same for a hoop of the same radius. The wave function can now be expressed as -frac{hbar^2}{2I} psi = Epsi, which is easily solvable.
Since the particle cannot escape the region from 0 to pi, the general solution to this differential equation is
psi (phi) = A cos(m phi) + B sin (m phi) quad (4)
Defining m=sqrt {frac{2 I E}{hbar^2}}, we can calculate the energy as E= frac{m^2 hbar ^2}{2I}. We then apply the boundary conditions, where psi and frac{dpsi}{dphi} are continuous and the wave function is normalizable:
int_{0}^{pi} left| psi (phi ) right|^2, dphi = 1 quad (5).
Like the infinite square well, the first boundary condition demands that the wave function equals 0 at both phi = 0 and phi = pi. Basically
psi (0) = psi (pi) = 0 quad (6).
Since the wave function psi(0) = 0, the coefficient A must equal 0 because cos (0) = 1. The wave function also equals 0 at phi= pi so we must apply this boundary condition. Discarding the trivial solution where B=0, the wave function psi (pi) = 0 = B sin (m pi) only when m is an integer since sin (n pi) = 0. This boundary condition quantizes the energy where the energy equals E= frac{m^2 hbar ^2}{2I} where m is any integer. The condition m=0 is ruled out because psi = 0 everywhere, meaning that the particle is not in the potential at all. Negative integers are also ruled out.
We then normalize the wave function, yielding a result where B= sqrt{frac{2}{pi}}. The normalized wave function is
psi (phi) = sqrt{frac{2}{pi}} sin (m phi) quad (7).
The ground state energy of the system is E= frac{hbar ^2}{2I}. Like the particle in a box, there exists nodes in the excited states of the system where both psi (phi) and psi (phi) ^2 are both 0, which means that the probability of finding the particle at these nodes are 0.
Since the wave function is only dependent on the azimuthal angle phi, the measurable quantities of the system are the angular position and angular momentum, expressed with the operators phi and L_z respectively.
Using cylindrical coordinates, the operators phi and L_z are expressed as phi and -i hbar frac{d}{dphi} respectively, where these observables play a role similar to position and momentum for the particle in a box. The commutation and uncertainty relations for angular position and angular momentum are given as follows:
[phi, L_z] = i hbar psi(phi) quad (8)
(Delta phi) (Delta L_z) geq frac{hbar}{2} where Delta_{psi} phi = sqrt{langle {phi}^2rangle_psi - langle {phi}rangle_psi ^2} and Delta_{psi} L_z = sqrt{langle {L_z}^2rangle_psi - langle {L_z}rangle_psi ^2} quad (9)
Boundary conditions
As with all quantum mechanics problems, if the boundary conditions are changed so does the wave function. If a particle is confined to the motion of an entire ring ranging from 0 to 2 pi, the particle is subject only to a periodic boundary condition (see particle in a ring). If a particle is confined to the motion of frac{- pi}{2} to frac{pi}{2}, the issue of even and odd parity becomes important.
The wave equation for such a potential is given as:
psi_o (phi) = sqrt{frac{2}{pi}} cos (m phi) quad (10)
psi_e (phi) = sqrt{frac{2}{pi}} sin (m phi) quad (11)
where psi_o (phi) and psi_e (phi) are for odd and even m respectively.
Similarly, if the semicircular potential well is a finite well, the solution will resemble that of the finite potential well where the angular operators phi and L_z replace the linear operators x and p.
See also
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text:
Chief Lippert Fire Station facts for kids
Quick facts for kids
Chief Lippert Fire Station
|Lua error in Module:Location_map at line 420: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).|
|Location||642 W. North Ave., Milwaukee, Wisconsin|
|Area||less than one acre|
|NRHP reference No.||88002007|
|Added to NRHP||January 1, 1989|
The Chief Lippert Fire Station, also known as Chemical Engine House No. 1, is a historic fire station built in 1876, two miles north of Milwaukee's central business district. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.
Milwaukee's fire department began in 1837 as a small volunteer fire company. Its equipment consisted of buckets, axes and some ladders, all kept in a shed in the central business district. In 1839 the company acquired its first "fire engine," which amounted to a hand-operated pump mounted on a wagon pulled to fires by men on foot. They named that first engine Neptune.
In 1845 the company bought a larger hand-pump with 300 feet of hose. Over the years the city's fire-fighting system continued to develop, dividing the city into fire districts in the 1850s, buying larger pumps which could reach the upper floors of five story buildings in the 1860s and adding horses to pull those pumps, and shifting from volunteer fire fighters to paid firemen starting in the 1860s. In 1869, a system of fire alarm boxes was installed throughout the city, connected by sixty miles of telegraph lines. The first full-time paid firemen came in 1874, while Henry Lippert was fire chief. Lippert was an immigrant from Weimar, Germany who had worked his way up through the volunteer fire department.
In 1876 the city built Chemical Engine House No. 1, which would be named the Chief Lippert Station, in a growing new neighborhood north of the downtown. The neighborhood consisted largely of tightly-packed houses built of wood, so a fire station was needed, but municipal water lines had not yet reached the neighborhood. Homes were fed by private wells which were inadequate to supply a water pumper, so instead, the new station was built to house a "chemical fire engine," which could douse a fire with chemicals similar to a modern fire extinguisher.
The 1876 building was a two-story, cream brick building with a hip roof. It was designed by Milwaukee architect Thomas N. Philpot in Italianate style, with broad wooden eaves and a pedimented gable at the front. The decorative brickwork suggests pilasters, and the windows have round-arched tops. The wooden corner tower was probably added around 1883, originally seven stories tall, a watch tower from which firemen could look out over the surrounding city for smoke.
By 1883, water mains had reached throughout the neighborhood, so the chemical engine was no longer needed. It was replaced at the Lippert Station with a steam-powered fire engine pulled by horses. In 1908 a two-story cream brick block was added at the rear of the building to house horses and a hayloft. It was designed by Sebastian Brand, a fire fighter in the Milwaukee department who had immigrated from Germany.
Motorized trucks entered the Milwaukee fire department in 1915, but didn't replace the horses at the Lippert station until 1927. In the 1930s the seven-story watch-tower was no longer needed, given the ability of people to call in fires on telephones, and most of the 50-year-old wooden tower was torn off, reducing it to the three stories that remain today.
In 1948 the Lippert station was no longer needed as a fire station. The building served as a branch library starting in 1951. Starting in 1972 it housed offices of the Model Cities Program. In 1977 it became the headquarters of the Inner City Arts Council, which painted the mural on the building's west side in 1984.
Today the Chief Lippert station is Milwaukee's oldest well-preserved fire station, one of the first carefully designed as a fire station with living quarters for the crew, rather than a simple shed to house equipment. It is also the only remaining Italianate public building from an era when Milwaukee's city hall was Italianate, along with other firehouses and schools.
- The NRHP nomination form among the references above contains more information about the history of fire-fighting in Milwaukee.
Chief Lippert Fire Station Facts for Kids. Kiddle Encyclopedia.


text:
This 20 chemical elements freeform puzzle supports vocabulary acquisition and consolidation needed for Periodic Table of Elements in academic science-chemisty. Puzzles support brain health, enable connections between and among multiple curricula, and helps develop problem solving strategies as a transferable skill. Grades 9-12 science curriculum for classrooms and home schoolers.
Freeform crossword puzzle supports multiple learning environments: distance learning, hybrid classrooms (in-class and virtual learning) and in-class learning environments. Available in PDF (print) and Google Apps versions.


text:
The United States Postal Service announced in mid-March that it will issue the Protect Pollinators commemorative forever stamps August 3 in Richmond, Virginia. The ceremony for the stamps will take place during the American Philatelic Society's StampShow. An exact time for the ceremony has not been determined.
The five stamps, to debut nationwide the same day, will be sold in a pane of 20 format with decorative selvage. Nearby is a preliminary image of the pane layout.
Here are some additional details about the stamp issue from the U.S. Postal Service:
This stamp pays tribute to the beauty and importance of pollinators with stamps depicting two of our continent's most iconic, the monarch butterfly and the western honeybee, each shown industriously pollinating a variety of plants native to North America. These particular species exemplify the ecological service provided by all pollinators, which include other insects, birds, and bats. Crop pollination by insects contributes approximately $15 billion of produce to the U.S. economy each year. Trending declines in their populations alert us that pollinators are helped by planting pollinator gardens with native flowers or heirloom varieties of fruits and vegetables. Art director Derry Noyes designed this stamp pane with existing photographs.


Sign the ISATEA Petition
We, the undersigned, representing both government, industry and civil society, petition the US Congress to not reauthorize the transportation efficiency act, but to authorize a new transportation efficiency act, called the Intermodal Surface and Air Transportation Efficiency Act(ISATEA). This act would integrate air and surface transportation funding, planning and implementation. For this purpose we petition that a supplemental $300 billion be authorized for the IITS (integrated intermodal transportation system) Initiative which over a period of some 15 year program would result in a US Sustainable Transportation Master Plan. The Plan would reinvigorate the US economy and substantially reduce the GHG emissions by transportation in these troubling times of the climate crisis.
Click to find your Congressperson's email address, then
Click to create an email with the above petition text in the Message area.
Add your own message if you like and then click send in the email.
US Aviation policy is predominantly a federal policy.


text:
|Keskus:||RMK Oandu Nature Centre|
The Oandu Nature Centre is situated in the northern Estonian recreation area, 3 km from Sagadi Manor towards Altja. In Oandu, visitors learn about the nature of the Lahemaa National Park and the different options for roaming the nature, as well as the growing and use of forest and timber throughout the ages. Another important theme in the events and programmes of the nature centre operating in a 150-year-old former forest district building is cultural heritage – traces of the life and work of previous generations. These themes are supported by film and slide programmes and exhibitions in the nature centre, the Cone Hut (Käbitare), barn and the old ice cellar. Oandu is a node of hiking and nature trails and the starting point of the 370 km Oandu-Ikla hiking trail passing through Estonia. The Oandu Nature Centre also organises environmental education programmes at the RMK Ojaäärse Nature House and the RMK Roela Cone Dryer/Museum, as well as in Tsitre, Harju County.
|Aadress:||Oandu village, Vihula municipality, Lääne-Viru county|
|Telefoni number:||+_PHONE_, +_PHONE_|


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Aerodynamics – How does the shape of a vehicle affect the speed it will travel?
A laboratory workshop looking at the effect of aerodynamics on vehicle design. Pupils will constructmodels, and conduct tests in the physics laboratory to identify the designs with the best aerodynamic features. This workshop can also be combined with the college's planetarium presentation. Age P7 – S4 Up to 36 pupils (18 if lab only). One hour for lab only, two hours for planetarium/laboratory. All groups must be accompanied by a member of school staff.


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Fine Chemical Technologies
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Hydrodynamic activation of heavy oil residues
_URL_
Full Text:
Abstract
Objectives. Recently, there has been a tendency to increase the volume of high-viscosity heavy oils in the total volume of oil produced. The processing of these oils requires new technological approaches. This task is closely related to the need to increase the depth of oil refining. Among the approaches proposed to solve these problems, mechanochemical activation, which is based on the cavitation effect produced by ultrasonic or hydrodynamic methods, has been suggested. This study evaluated the effects of cavitation in increasing the depth of oil refining.
Methods. Straight-run and "secondary" oil products were used as raw materials: vacuum gas oil, catalytic cracking gas oil, and fuel oil. Activation was carried out in a high-pressure disintegrator. The principle of operation was to compress the oil product and then pass it through a diffuser. When the oil was passed through the diffuser, there was a sharp pressure release to atmospheric pressure, which caused cavitation in the hydrodynamic flow. The pressure gradient on the diffuser and the number of processing cycles ranged from 20 to 50 MPa and 1 to 10, respectively. The density, refractive index, and the fractional composition of petroleum products were determined using standard and generally accepted methods.
Results. This paper reports the influence of mechanochemical activation of petroleum products on their physical and chemical characteristics. An increase in the pressure gradient and the number of processing cycles leads to a decrease in the boiling point of the petroleum products and their density and an increase in the yield of fractions that boil off below 400 °C. The yield of the fractions with boiling points of 400–480 °C and the remainder were reduced. The density and refractive index of fractions with boiling points up to 480 °C decreased, and the density of the residue increased. The effects of cavitation (an increase in the yield of fractions with boiling points up to 400 °C and a decrease in the density of the petroleum products) increased with increasing pressure gradient and the number of processing cycles.
Conclusions. The changes in the density, boiling point, and the yield of fractions increased with increasing the pressure from 20 to 50 MPa and the number of hydrodynamic cavitation cycles from 1 to 5. Increasing the number of processing cycles to more than five had little additional effect. The effects of cavitation increased with increasing initial density of the oil product. The average molecular weight of these fractions was estimated from the densities and boiling points of individual fractions of the petroleum products. The calculation confirmed the assumption regarding the course of cracking reactions of petroleum products under the influence of cavitation and indicates the course of the compaction processes.
About the Authors
V. B. Terenteva
The 25th State Research Institute of Himmotology, Ministry of Defence of Russian Federation
Russian Federation
 Engineer
10, Molodogvardeyskaya ul., Moscow, 121467, Russia
B. V. Peshnev
MIREA – Russian Technological University (M.V. Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies)
Russian Federation
 Dr. Sci. (Tech.), Professor, A.N. Bashkirov Department of Petrochemical Synthesis and Artificial Liquid Fuel Technology
86, Vernadskogo pr., Moscow, 119571, Russia
A. I. Nikolaev
MIREA – Russian Technological University (M.V. Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies)
Russian Federation
 Dr. Sci. (Tech.), Professor, A.N. Bashkirov Department of Petrochemical Synthesis and Artificial Liquid Fuel Technology
86, Vernadskogo pr., Moscow, 119571, Russia
References
1. Halikova D.A, Petrov S.M., Bashkirtseva N.Y. Review of promising technologies of heavy high-viscisity oils and natural bitumen refinery. Vestnik Kazanskogo Tehnologicheskogo Universiteta = Bulletin of the Kazan Technological University. 2013;16(3):217–221 (in Russ.).
2. Muslimov R.H., Romanov G.V., Kayukova G.P., et al. Kompleksnoe osvoenie tyazhelykh neftei i prirodnykh bitumov permskoi sistemy Respubliki Tatarstan (Integrated development of heavy oil and natural bitumen of the Perm system of the Tatarstan Republic). Kazan': FEN; 2012. 396 p. (in Russ.).
3. Muslimov R.Kh., Romanov G.V., Kayukova G.P., Yusupova T.N., Petrov S.M. Oil production prospects. Vserossiiskii ekonomicheskii zhurnal EKO = ECO Journal. 2012;(1):35–40 (in Russ.).
4. Galiullin E.A., Fakhrutdinov R.Z. New technologies for processing heavy oils and natural bitumen. Vestnik technologicheskogo universiteta = Bulletin of the Technological University. 2016;19(4):47–51 (in Russ.).
5. Shakirzyanova G.I., Sladovskaya O.Yu., Sladovskii A.G., Zimnyakova A.S., Nigmetzyanov N.S. Delayed coking as effective technology of oil refinery deepening. Vestnik technologicheskogo universiteta = Bulletin of the Technological University. 2017;20(14):75–78 (in Russ.).
6. Solodova N.L., Terenteva N.A. Current state and development trends of catalytic petroleum cracking. Vestnik Kazanskogo Tehnologicheskogo Universiteta = Bulletin of the Kazan Technological University. 2012;15(1):141–147 (in Russ.).
7. Hadzhiev N.S. Nanoheterogeneous catalysis—a new sector of nanotechnology in chemistry and petrochemistry (Review). Neftekhimiya = Petroleum Chemistry. 2011;51(1):3–16 (in Russ.).
8. Galimov R.A., Krotov V.V., Mardanshin R.N., Harlampidi H.E., Kutuev А.А. Oil differentiation in a magnetic field. Vestnik technologicheskogo universiteta = Bulletin of the Technological University. 2010;(3):467–471 (in Russ.).
9. Mozgovoy I.V., Gryaznov V.А., Mironova E.V., Mozgovoy Е.I. Perspective of ultrasound application at pyrolysis. Omskii nauchnyi vestnik = Omsk Scientific Bulletin. 2010;3(93):300–303 (in Russ.).
10. Promtov M.A. Prospects of the cavitation technologies application for intensification of chemical technological processes. Vestnik TGTU = Transactions of the TSTU. 2008;14(4):861–869 (in Russ.).
11. Promtov М.А. Change in fractional composition of oil in hydro-pulse cavitation cavitation processing. Vestnik TGTU = Transactions of the TSTU. 2017;23(3):412–419 (in Russ.). _URL_
12. Besov А.S., Koltunov К.U., Brulev S.О., Kirilenko V.N., Kuzmenkov S.I., Palchikov Е.I. Destruction of hydrocarbons in the cavitation area in the electric field upon activation with aqueous solutions of electrolytes. Pis'ma v ZhTF = Technical Physics Letters. 2003;29(5):71–77 (in Russ.).
13. Kravchenko О.V. Hydrocarbon compounds physicochemical transformations using new cavitation devices. Aviatsionno-kosmitcheskaya technika i technologia = Aerospace Engeneering and Technology. 2007;1(37):65-69 (in Russ.).
14. Bakhtin B.I., Desyatov A.V., Korba O.I., Kubyshkin A.P., Skorokhodov A.S. Low-temperature cracking of hydrocarbons in cavitation ultrasonic fields. Mir nefteproduktov. Vestnik neftyanykh kompanii = World of Petroleum Products. 2009;(6):14–19 (in Russ.).
15. Ivanov S.V., Antonyuk P.S., Lutskovskaya V.A., Kravchenko V.V., Vorobyov S.I., Torkhovsky V.N. About the possibility of increasing the amount of vacuum gasoil from oil distillation by preliminary mechanical activation of oil. Tonkie khimicheskie tekhnologii = Fine Chemical Technologies. 2012;7(2):48–50 (in Russ.).
16. Bhangu S.K., Ashokkumar М. Theory of sonochemistry. Top. Curr. Chem.


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|Leachable Additives of Tire Particles Explain the Shift in Microbial Community Composition and Function in Coastal Sediments
|additive | coastal sediments | ecological function | microplastics | pore water
|AMER CHEMICAL SOC
|Environmental Science and Technology
Massive microplastics are deposited in the coastal zone. Tire particles (TPs) are an important microplastic source, but little is known about how TPs affect the microbial community composition and function in coastal sediments and the role leachable additives play in TP toxicity. Here, a microcosm experiment was performed using coastal sediments amended with different doses of TPs and with their leachable additives to investigate their effects on the sediment microbial community composition and function. Environmentally relevant concentrations of TPs can change the microbial community structure, decrease community diversity, and inhibit nutrient cycling processes, including carbon fixation and degradation, nitrification, denitrification, and sulfur cycling in sediments. Notably, the raw TP and leachate treatments showed consistent effects. A variety of additives were found in the pore water of sediment, and they could explain over 90% of the variations of the community structure. Further modeling revealed that leachable additives not only directly influenced community function but also indirectly affected community diversity and function by shifting the community structure. In addition, rare taxa could be crucial mediators of ecological functions of sediment microbial community. Combined, this study provides novel insights into the role of TPs' leachable additives in affecting sediment microbial community and function.
|Appears in Collections:
Items in DSpace are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise indicated.


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To use Program Categories, we'll first need to define our categories in a Code Table. To do this, follow these steps:
- Go to Administration>Code Tables
- We can filter on Program at the top. Then click the Program Category code table name.
- On the Action bar, click Add. The New Table Entry screen appears.
- Enter the name of the Program Category
- Go to the Events section of Altru.
- Click Program Search and find the program that you'd like to attach a Category.
- At the top left, under Tasks, click Edit Program. Here we'll see a dropdown to select the Program Category.


Every Finger is Connected With 2 Organs: Japanese Methods For Curing About a 5 Minutes!
Did you know every finger on your hands can trigger recovery of two organs of your body? This is a technique used in a Japanese healing art called Jin shin Jitsu. In reality, this can likewise assist in supporting or balancing your emotions just by pressings a particular point on the finger which is the stimulant for that emotion.
These considerable points on your fingers control the energy circulation in your body, thus identifying the physical and psychological health of your body. It's a basic and easily manageable alternative treatment to keep health and ward of illness.
Guidelines Choose the finger to the matching organ requiring treatment. Hold it tightly with your other hand for a minimum of 3 to 5 minutes. Breathe deeply as you press and massage the finger related to the organ. Repeat this with the other hand. Doing this for about 3 minutes on every finger is motivated to keep all your organs healthy.
Let's look at the organs related to each finger.
1. Middle finger
Organ: it represents the liver and yolky bitter.
Physical: Migraine, Fatigue, Forehead pains, menstrual discomfort and circulatory problems.
Emotional: Anger, aggravation, absence of focus and concentration.
2. Ring finger
Organs: Large intestinal tract and lungs.
Physical: Asthma, skin problems, digestion issue and respiratory illness. Psychological: Negative thoughts, unhappiness and fear.
3. Thumb
Organs: Spleenwort and stomach.
Physical: Stomach ache, skin concerns, nervousness and headache Emotional: Concern and depression problems
4. Forefinger
Organs: Urinary bladder and kidney
Physical: Muscle and back discomfort, tooth ache and digestion issues Psychological: Worry, confusion, dissatisfaction
5. Little finger
Organs: small intestinal tract and heart
Physical: bone trouble, heart concerns and throat pain Emotional: Stress and anxiety and self confidence problem
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T.E.R:R.A.I.N - Taranaki Educational Resource: Research, Analysis and Information Network
Aciphylla aurea (Golden Spaniard)
Kingdom: Plantae
(Unranked): Angiosperms
(Unranked): Eudicots
(Unranked): Asterids
Order: Apiales
Family: Apiaceae
Genus: Aciphylla
Species: A. aurea
Binomial name: Aciphylla aurea
Common names: Golden Spaniard, Golden Speargrass, taramea.
Aciphylla aurea is a species in the genus Aciphylla (bayonet plant) which belongs to the family of the Apiaceae (Carrot Family).
Aciphylla aurea is a robust yellowish-green-golden large spiky plant which forms clumps to 1 m with a tall robust very spiky flower head which can remain for up to 2 years. It is a coloniser of arid windswept, cold dry grassland and tussock areas (_PHONE_ m.a.s.l.) and can withstand temperatures down to -17, 7º C.
Aciphylla aurea has yellow star-shaped flowers that are arranged in large compound umbels that appear during November-December. Fruits appear January-February.
For more details visit: _URL_
Photographed March at Arthurs Pass, South Island, New Zealand.

Thanks to Wikipedia for text and information: _URL_


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An evaluation of BOOSTER-Mag on processing tomato farming productivity
13th World Processing Tomato Congress
With the support of the Australian Processing Tomato Research Council (APTRC), Calix has worked with a northern Victoria processing tomato grower to quantify the effect of BOOSTER-Mag™ treatment on field processing tomato grower productivity over two consecutive seasons. BOOSTER-Mag™ is a new mineral derived, bio-active magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2) product under development by Calix specifically as an agricultural foliar spray.
In the 15/16 season, initial split plot, multi-replicate field testing was undertaken across three commercial processing tomato farms. The objective of the testing was to quantify the effect of BOOSTER-Mag™ treatment on crop yield and quality.
The evaluation compared yield and yield quality from:
- Control fields; farmed conventionally using in-market and bench-mark pesticides applied according to observed pest and disease pressure.
- Trial fields; farmed as per the Control but with three BOOSTER-Mag™ treatments applied at 1.5kg/ha over a 33-day period, approximately at the mid-point of the growing season.
Whilst not statistically significant, hand-harvest data from all farms indicated additional treatment coincided with a numerical increase in the average yield of ripe unblemished fruit crop across three farms (by an average of 6%) and numerically substantial reduction (by an average of 67%) in the yield of insect damaged fruit. Soil and petiole testing results indicate these outcomes were unlikely to be due to macronutrient augmentation and suggest BOOSTER-Mag™ also provides a level of insect pest control.
In the 16/17 season, expanded scale BOOSTER-Mag™ field trials were undertaken over two farms. The objective of the work was to quantify any differences in farm productivity that BOOSTER-Mag™ may provide regarding yield, yield quality (pH and Brix) and conventional pesticide usage and cost. The evaluation compared crop grown as follows:
- Control fields (8 & 5 ha respectively); managed conventionally using in-market pesticides applied at label rates according to observed pest and disease pressure and industry thresholds.
- Trial fields (6 & 4 ha respectively); BOOSTER-Mag™ applied every two weeks as a base-treatment with additional pesticide treatments only if intervention thresholds were reached.
The comparative crop monitoring reports chemical spray frequency from grower spray records and hand-harvest data obtained are instructive.
Farm 1. The threshold for pesticide treatment was reached on four occasions in the Trial field, down from nine within the Control field, a 50% reduction in conventional pesticide treatments. Importantly, there was no statistically significant difference in relative yield and yield quality (assessed by both hand harvest and mechanical harvest) indicating that substituting conventional pesticides with BOOSTER-Mag™ did not compromise yield or yield quality.
Whilst the grower observed no obvious difference in insect and disease pressure between the Trial and Control fields, the presence of spiders and the activity of beneficial and parasitic insects in the Trial fields was noted and semi-quantitatively assessed.
It was further noted that over the season, the overall heliothis pressure was relatively low and Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus levels were very low. Similar outcomes were observed within Farm 2 with the exception that no conventional crop protection chemicals were used.
Randomised split plot, multi replicate field studies to quantify insect pest control and yield will be undertaken over the 17/18 season.
R van Merkestein1, L Mann2, A Morrison2, J Geltch3, P Geltch3, M Geltch3
1 Calix Limited, 9 Bridge Road, Pymble, NSW. 2073, _URL_, _EMAIL_
2 Australian Processing Tomato Research Council, PO Box 2293, Shepparton, VIC. 3632, _URL_, _EMAIL_
3 Geltch Investments, PO Box 586, Moama NSW 2731, _EMAIL_
field processing tomato, bio-active magnesium hydroxide, pest control, productivity


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|Zimmerman, Ariel -|
|Lampson, Brittany -|
Submitted to: Meeting Abstract
Publication Type: Abstract Only
Publication Acceptance Date: December 15, 2010
Publication Date: N/A
Technical Abstract: Many Hemipteran insects communicate through substrate-borne vibrations produced by a diversity of stridulatory structures. Examples are presented of stridulations produced by different structures of two little-studied Hemipterans, a Rhopalid, Jadera haematoloma, and a pentatomid, Euschistus servus. The functional roles of these stridulations and potential uses of such information in pest management are discussed.


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Universality of Science
The universality of science in its broadest sense is about developing a truly global scientific community on the basis of equity and non-discrimination. It is also about ensuring that science is trusted and valued by societies across the world. As such, it incorporates issues related to the conduct of science; capacity building; science education and literacy; access to data and information and the relationship between science and society. There are a number of ICSU activities and Bodies addressing these issues. Underpinning this broader concept of universality is the Principle of the Universality of Science (ICSU Statute 5) which is more narrowly focused on the freedoms and responsibilities of science. Adherence to this Principle is a condition of ICSU membership. The policy Committee on Freedom and Responsibility in the conduct of Science (CFRS) serves as the guardian of the Principle and undertakes a variety of actions to defend scientific freedoms and promote integrity and responsibility.


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Is this the face of President Barack Obama's closest living Irish relative?
Irish researcher Gabriel Murray says it is.
Murray says that Kilkenny woman Jane de Montmorency Wright is directly related to Obama through the Kearney family from County Offaly.
Jane's great, great, great grandmother was Rose Kearney, a daughter of Bishop Kearney whose connection to Obama has already been defined.
Film maker writer Gabriel Murray discovered the links while researching a book and a documentary titled "Obama's Irish Roots."
He also discovered that the only standing ancestral home of Obama is the former Bishop's palace, now the Kilkenny Heritage Center.
"Obama's Irish Roots" included a segment on Bishop John Kearney, a direct descendant of President Obama who is buried in St. Canice's Cathedral in Kilkenny city.
Shot in Offaly, Kilkenny, Dublin, Ohio and Indiana, the film traces President Barack Obama's ancestry along his maternal heritage, a journey of 7,000 miles from Ireland to Hawaii. It covers 1,000 years of his family history.
Obama's great-great-great-grandfather, Fulmouth Kearney, left his home in Offaly in the 1890s and traveled to Ohio via Baltimore, settling in Indiana. His daughter Mary Ann Kearney married into the Dunham family. She eventually settled in Witchita, Kansas, giving birth to Obama's grandfather.


The Meanings of the Ostrich Totem
... Anup Shah/Digital Vision/Getty Images
Animal totems are a New Age practice based on the Native American belief in "animal medicine." In animal medicine, the particular characteristics of an animal are believed to impart lessons to those who wish to learn from them; ants may signify determination while a owl can signify wisdom. While ostriches are not part of Native American traditions, they can easily be incorporated into the logic of the belief system and used as an animal totem. In fact, ostriches do have a sacred significance in several cultures of Africa, where they are found in the wild.
1 The Feather of Truth
The ostrich feather was a sacred object in ancient Egypt, as the symbol for the goddess Ma'at. As the representation of divine truth, which included justice and cosmic order, Ma'at helped decide the fate of souls after death. The dead person's heart was weighed on a scale against her ostrich feather, the feather of truth, and if the heart outweighed the feather -- meaning that the human's life had not measured up -- the soul would be destroyed. Those who passed the test, by having a heart that weighed less or equal to the feather, got to pass on to heaven. The ostrich feather thus is seen as a powerful symbol of truth and purity, and taking on the ostrich as an animal totem can be a way to focus one's energies on living a just life.
2 The Egg of Fertility
In Djenne, the oldest city in sub-Saharan Africa, there is also evidence that the ostrich was considered a sacred animal. Spires of its great mosque, one of the most elaborate mud structures in the world, are capped by ostrich eggs. The ostrich egg, the largest on land, symbolizes fertility. These sacred objects oversee a huge festival every springtime, the "crepissage." Mixing work, play and ritual, this annual event involves hundreds of young men and women slinging tons of mud while restoring the mosque to the accompaniment of live music. For those who choose the ostrich as a totem animal, its huge egg can be used as a symbol of fertility and regeneration, similarly to the origin of the Easter egg hunt of European springtime tradition.
3 The Circle of Life
For the indigenous people of Africa, the ostrich was an important source of food, so the animal had a sacred connotation. The bushmen, for example, saw in the life cycle of the giant bird and its egg a metaphor for the cycle of birth and death, or birth and resurrection. According to folklore, when the bushmen killed and ate an ostrich they would take some of its feathers and place them in the bushes, believing that a new ostrich would be born from the feathers themselves. This offering was believed to insure the continuation of life on Earth. For those who take on the ostrich totem, the animal can serve as a metaphor for the interconnectedness of life and that death and birth are interdependent.
4 Wealth and Abundance
Ostrich eggs, along with other precious objects such as peacock feathers, were traded among cultures of the Mediterranean, including between the Christian and Muslim empires in the middle ages. The sacred associations from times earlier, including death/resurrection and divine purity, were still intact, but these objects also became symbols of the abundance of nature, as the large size of ostriches and their eggs are a testament to nature's bounty. For those who claim the ostrich as a totem, this aspect of the animal -- its size and large eggs -- can serve as a reminder of the natural wealth of our world.


Compute dt/t
This code is responsible for the calculation of dt/t using the result of the MWCS calculations.
Configuration Parameters
 - dtt_lag: How is the lag window defined [dynamic]/static (default=static)
 - dtt_v: If dtt_lag=dynamic: what velocity to use to avoid ballistic waves [1.0]km/s (default=1.0)
 - dtt_minlag: If dtt_lag=static: min lag time (default=5.0)
 - dtt_width: Width of the time lag window [30]s (default=30.0)
 - dtt_sides: Which sides to use [both]/left/right (default=both)
 - dtt_mincoh: Minimum coherence on dt measurement, MWCS points with values lower than that will not be used in the WLS (default=0.65)
 - dtt_maxerr: Maximum error on dt measurement, MWCS points with values larger than that will not be used in the WLS (default=0.1)
 - dtt_maxdt: Maximum dt values, MWCS points with values larger than that will not be used in the WLS (default=0.1)
The dt/t is determined as the slope of the delays vs time lags. The slope is calculated a weighted linear regression (WLS) through selected points.
1. The selection of points is first based on the time lag criteria. The minimum time lag can either be defined absolutely or dynamically. When dtt_lag is set to "dynamic" in the database, the inter-station distance is used to determine the minimum time lag. This lag is calculated from the distance and a velocity configured (dtt_v). The velocity is determined by the user so that the minlag doesn't include the ballistic waves. For example, if ballistic waves are visible with a velocity of 2 km/s, one could configure dtt_v=1.0. This way, if stations are located 15 km apart, the minimum lag time will be set to 15 s. The dtt_width determines the width of the lag window used. A value of 30.0 means the process will use time lags between 15 and 45 s in the example above, on both sides if configured (dtt_sides), or only causal or acausal parts of the CCF. The following figure shows the static time lags of dtt_width = 40s starting at dtt_minlag = 10s and the dynamic time lags for a dtt_v = 1.0 km/s for the Piton de La Fournaise network (including stations not on the volcano),
It seems obvious that these parameters are frequency-dependent, but they are currently common for all filters!
../_images/static.png../_images/dynamic.png
In order to use the dynamic time lags, one has to provide the station coordinates!
2. Using example values above, we chose to use only 15-45 s coda part of the signal, neglecting direct waves in the 0-15 seconds range. We then select data which match three other thresholds: dtt_mincoh, dtt_maxerr and dtt_maxdt.
Each of the 4 left subplot of this figure shows a colormapper matrix of which each row corresponds to the data of 1 station pair and each column corresponds to different time lags. The cells are then colored using, from left to right: Delays, Errors, Phase Coherence and Data Selection.
Once data (cells) have been selected, they are analyzed two times: first using a WLS that is forced to pass the origin (0,0) and second when a constant is added to allow for the WLS to be offset from the origin. For each value, the error is computed and stored. M0 and EM0 are the slope and its error for the first WLS, and M, EM together with A and EA are the slope, its error, the constant and its error for the second WLS. The output of this calculation is a table, with one row for each station pair.
Date, A, EA, EM, EM0, M, M0, Pairs
2013-01-06,-0._PHONE_,0._PHONE_,0.00208377,0.00096521, 0.00682021, 0.00037757,BE_GES_BE_HOU
2013-01-06, 0._PHONE_,0._PHONE_,0.00179566,0.00454172,-0.00145738, 0.00741478,BE_GES_BE_RCHB
2013-01-06, 0._PHONE_,0._PHONE_,0.00096543,0.00089832, 0.00083714, 0.00104507,BE_GES_BE_STI
2013-01-06, 0._PHONE_,0._PHONE_,0.00153137,0.00150261, 0.00302331, 0.00302451,BE_GES_BE_UCC
2013-01-06,-0._PHONE_,0._PHONE_,0.00039019,0.00041347, 0.00025836,-0.00042709,BE_HOU_BE_MEM
2013-01-06, 0._PHONE_,0._PHONE_,0.00076824,0.00216383,-0.00030791, 0.00112692,BE_HOU_BE_RCHB
2013-01-06,-0._PHONE_,0._PHONE_,0.00069968,0.00078207,-0.00066133, 0.00027102,BE_HOU_BE_SKQ
2013-01-06, 0._PHONE_,0._PHONE_,0.00131522,0.00131182, 0.00051626,-3._PHONE_,BE_HOU_BE_STI
2013-01-06,-0._PHONE_,0._PHONE_,0.00010340,9.1996e-05, 0.00073635, 0.00076238,ALL
To run this script:
msnoise compute_dtt
Grouping Station Pairs
Although not clearly visible on the figure above, the very last row of the matrix doesn't contain information about one station pair, but contains a weighted mean of all delays (from all pairs) for each time lag. For each time lag, delays from each pair is taken into account if it satisfies the same criteria as for the individual data selection. Once the last row (the ALL line) has been calculated, it goes through the normal process of the double WLS and is saved to the output file, as visible above. In the future, MSNoise will be able to treat as many groups as the user want, allowing, e.g. a "crater" and a "slopes" groups.
Forcing vs No Forcing through Origin
The reason for allowing the WLS to cross the axis elsewhere than on (0,0) is, for example, to study the potential clock drifts or noise source position variations. By default, the msnoise plot dvv plot shows the results of the 'Not Forced WLS.
Mean of All Pairs vs Mean Pair
the ALL pair is still calculated and output in the DTT files, but its output is no longer displayed on the graphs. new in 1.6.
The dt/t calculated using the mean pair (ALL, in red on subplots 4 and 5) and by calculating the weighted mean of the dt/t of all pairs (in green) don't show a significant difference. The standard deviation around the latter is more spread than on the former, but this has to be investigated.


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Science Fair Project Encyclopedia
Edict of Worms
The Edict of Worms was issued by Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor on May 29, 1521 at Worms, at the end of the Diet of Worms. It contained a condemnation of Martin Luther and declared him to be an outlaw and a heretic for his opposition to the doctrines of the Roman Catholic Church. Among other things, this ruling permitted anyone to kill Luther without suffering legal consequence, and the property of Luther's followers and supporters could be seized by force. Luther was, however, charged to go along the passage across the Holy Roman Empire and thus returned to Wittenberg where he was protected by the Elector Friedrich until 1522 when he felt compelled to return from his exile there to defend his views in the context of the revolution they had caused.
The contents of this article is licensed from _URL_ under the GNU Free Documentation License. Click here to see the transparent copy and copyright details


Anti-unification of Unordered Goals
Résultats de recherche: Contribution à un événement scientifique (non publié)Article
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Résumé
Anti-unification in logic programming refers to the process of capturing common syntactic structure among given goals, computing as such a single new goal that is more general and hence called a generalization of the given goals. Finding an arbitrary common generalization for two goals is trivial, but looking for those common generalizations that are either as large as possible (called largest common generalizations) or as specific as possible (called most specific generalizations) is a non-trivial optimization problem, in particular when goals are considered to be unordered sets of atoms. In this work we provide an in-depth study of the problem by defining two different generalization relations. We formulate a characterization of what constitutes a most specific generalization in both settings. While these generalizations can be computed in polynomial time, we show that when the number of variables in the generalization needs to be minimized, the problem becomes NP-hard. We subsequently revisit an abstraction of the largest common generalization when anti-unification is based on injective variable renamings, and prove that it can be computed in polynomially bounded time.
langue originaleAnglais
Etat de la publicationSoumis - juin 2021
EvénementComputer Science Logic 2022 - Göttingen, Allemagne
Durée: 14 févr. 202219 févr. 2022
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Une conférenceComputer Science Logic 2022
Titre abrégéCSL 2022
PaysAllemagne
La villeGöttingen
période14/02/2219/02/22
Adresse Internet
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details of the problem at hand and switch back to Discord. If the DNS server is, in fact, the issue here, you can change your DNS server settings to get your Discord application to work again.
How you may ask? Here's a list of steps you can follow to change your DNS server settings to a well-known DNS server i.e., Google's:
 1. Press the "Windows key + I" key to open the Windows settings.
 Windows settings
 2. Once the settings open, click "network and internet option."
 3. Select the "Change adapter options" under the change your settings heading.
 Opening the adapter options
 4. Here you'll be displayed all the active networks, right-click your active network adaptors and click "Properties" from the drop-down menu.
 Network adapter properties
 5. In the Ethernet Properties, look for the Internet Protocol Version 4(TCP/IPv4) option and double click to open its properties.
 Internet Protocol Version 4 Screen
 6. In the IP Address properties window, change the default DNS to the google DNS as shown in the picture below:
 Adding Google dns server addresses
 7. Once done click the OK button.
 8. Restart your computer and test the Discord if the error is gone or not.
Fix #8: Renew Your IP Address
No route errors are also caused by varying IP addresses. As we've discussed IP addresses before, they're also assigned to your machine. So, each computer gets an IP address, which helps it connect to the network or gain access online.
Now, if your system is configured to use DHCP (or what causes varying IP addresses), you need to change this. Many people who've experienced this error have a quick workaround this problem; manually renew your IP address.
Here's how you can renew your IP address on a Windows machine:
 1. Press "CTRL+R" on your keyboard
 2. Type "cmd" to open Command Prompt
 3. Now, type the following command in your command line: "ipconfig /release." This Command effectively releases the IP address which was assigned to you by the DHCP server.
 4. However, now you need a new IP address. Let's assign a new IP address using this command: "ipconfig /renew.
There you go! Now you have a renewed IP address. This will work on all Windows versions and won't raise another issue.
Fix #9: Use Discord Through Your Browser
Discord's desktop application is often the originator of this problem, as well. Usually, application developers make different applications for each platform, like Android, iOS, Windows, etc. This means each platform has its own application.
If other solutions haven't shown much luck to you, you can try to access Discord via your browser. This can help you bypass the issue and get access to your profile almost immediately. Though the interface might be different, there's not much difference in terms of features.
Fix #10: Check Your Connections
If the error isn't fixed yet, there is one last thing you can do, check the connections.
Check all the connections related to the Internet. If you are using a router/modem, make sure that it is connected properly. Furthermore, restart the modem and test the Discord.
Final Verdict:
We understand how frustrating it is to be disconnected from your friends over Discord while gaming. Therefore, we tried our level best to give you all the possible solutions to fix this error.
We hope that any one of the above worked for you! If not, then consider changing your gaming router or ask for customer help on Discord. Happy Discording!
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text:
Discover the charm of Cannery Row, a historic waterfront street in Monterey, California.
Once the site of bustling sardine canneries, this iconic locale now boasts a vibrant atmosphere perfect for all ages.
Nestled in the scenic Central Coast, you'll find a delightful blend of history, shopping, dining, and nature experiences awaiting your exploration.
- Monday to Sunday: 10:00 am to 9:00 pm
- Some of the store hours may vary.
- Admission fee: Free
Cannery Row, a charming destination located in Monterey, offers fun and excitement for all ages.
Steeped in history and charm, this place experienced the effects of the Great Depression when it was lined with bustling sardine canneries.
Today, you can take a stroll down Cannery Row, feeling the character engraved in the district inspired by John Steinbeck's novel, published in 1945.
Tracing back to the 1850s, Cannery Row's fishing industry flourished as Chinese fishing families settled around Point Ohlones, now known as China Point.
Over time, the canneries faded away, but Cannery Row has evolved into a captivating destination boasting exciting activities, dining experiences, and shopping spots.
- The world-renowned Monterey Bay Aquarium is not to be missed: You'll see an amazing array of marine life and can learn about their ongoing research and conservation efforts.
- Take a guided walking tour that starts in front of the Monterey Bay Aquarium entrance: You'll learn about John Steinbeck's famous novel and the history of the former sardine canneries.
This Attraction Featured in:
Fun Things to Do in Monterey with Kids


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The dam was constructed in the upper reaches of the Satsunai River, which is a tributary of the Tokachi River, and was completed in 1997. The dam lake was named Tokachi Ryutan (dragon pool) Lake because of the resemblance of its shape to a dragon when seen from above. The Satsunai-gawa Enchi campsite downstream of the dam has the Pyotan no Taki Falls, which is a scenic spot where splashing water falls from a height of 10 m, as well as an obstacle course, tennis, park golf and other leisure facilities.
Satsunai River of the Tokachi river system
Concrete gravity dam
Flood control, maintenance of normal water flow function, provision of city water, hydropower generation
Map code: 592 006 215*34