text:
Manx National Heritage is delighted to announce the opening of MUSEUM 100, an exhibition marking the centenary of the Manx Museum, which celebrates its 100th birthday next month.
Opening on Saturday 22 October 2022, MUSEUM 100 is yearlong major exhibition, which has been 18 months in the planning and will feature a kaleidoscope of over 150 objects and treasures from the Manx Museum's collections, many of which will be on public display for the first time. Highlights include the oldest surviving Manx registered motor vehicle, the first piece of Viking treasure ever collected by the Manx Museum and a magnificent Bryan Kneale mural.
Katie King, MUSEUM 100 Exhibition Curator, explains:
"The Manx Museum is home to an extraordinary collection of artefacts and archives that help tell the story of the Isle of Man and its people.Our national collections have grown over 100 years and reflect 10,000 years of our Island's cultural heritage. They reveal stories about who we are as a nation and provide a constant source of inspiration and pride for each new generation.
But if we look back some 150 years things were very different. It is hard to believe now, but there was a time when some Manx people felt their own history was so insignificant that the idea of a national museum was mocked? Surely, they said, there could be nothing of cultural significance to fill even one small room?"
A 'tenacious band of patriots' determined to research and protect the heritage of the Isle of Man, led by scholar Philip Moore Callow Kermode recognised the need was urgent. Farmers were using the Island's medieval stone cross-slabs to fill gaps in hedges and builders sent a Viking treasure hoard to the tip. Manx cultural assets were sitting in British national museums.
These scholars devoted themselves to rescuing and explaining the Island's heritage. Their work uncovered such astounding artefacts that people started to take notice. An Act of Tynwald established the Museum & Ancient Monuments Trustees in 1886.
The Trustees mission was to preserve the Isle of Man's cultural heritage and to build a national museum. Gathering a collection of significant artefacts proved straight forward enough, but finding a permanent home for the collection was a 30-year struggle. Philip Kermode again led the charge and on 2 November 1922 the Manx Museum was finally opened, in the former Noble's Hospital building, which was gifted to the Manx Museum & Ancient Monument Trustees by the Henry Bloom Noble Charitable Trustees.
The Manx Museum was officially opened on 2 November 1922 by Lieutenant Governor Fry. In his opening speech he remarked "One hour spent in a museum will be worth, many hours spent in a book." Their dream had been realised; the people of the Isle of Man had their treasure house – The Manx Museum, Thie Tashtee Vannin.
Today the Manx Museum continues to tell the story of the Isle of Man and its people; revealing stories about how we have grown as a nation and providing a constant source of inspiration for each new generation. The museum holds over one million artefacts in the national collections, and all are connected to the people of the Isle of Man and belong to the people of the Isle of Man.
"When the Manx Museum first opened in 1922 this was a revolutionary approach. Whilst museums across the water were collecting antiquities and curios from far-off lands, the Manx Museum was collecting everyday objects belonging to ordinary people. Manx National Heritage still follow the same fundamental principle of capturing the stories of the people of the Isle of Man told through their possessions and keeping them safe for the future. The collections include library and archives, art, archaeology, clothing and textiles, furniture, natural history and social history. Our role is to preserve and make accessible these treasures for future generations – for you, your children and your grandchildren".
Running alongside the exhibition will be a specially commissioned family audio adventure. 'MISSON 100 – SAVE THE STORIES' has been created for Manx National Heritage by children's theatre specialists Hello Little People. The audio adventure will take visitors on an immersive experience around the museum galleries as participants take on the role of Agent 100.
MUSEUM 100 opens on Saturday 22 October 2022 and runs until October 2023. The Manx Museum is open daily 9:30am – 4:30pm.
The Museum & Ancient Monuments Trustees were founded in 1886 to preserve the Isle of Man's cultural heritage and to build a national museum. The organisation was founded in 1886, with a remit to collect and preserve the history of the Manx people and the Island itself. Some 130 years later we still follow that same principle. This means that the Manx Museum's collections are unique, in that they only contains artefacts that are connected to the Isle of Man.
In 1922, the Isle of Man's first national museum opened, the Manx Museum. In 1938 we opened our first branch museum, at Cregneash and in 1951 a second branch museum at the Nautical Museum in Castletown.
In 1951, the remit of the Trustees was broadened to include protecting the natural environment, and their name was changed to the Manx Museum and National Trust. Further sites were added with The Old Grammar School (1970), The Grove Museum of Rural Life (1978), The Calf of Man (1986), Peel Castle, Castle Rushen and the Laxey Wheel (1989), House of Manannan (1997), Rushen Abbey (2000), Old House of Keys (2001).
Today The Manx Museum is part of Manx National Heritage, the trading name for the Manx Museum & National Trust (1951) and a registered charity, responsible for protecting and promoting the Isle of Man's natural and cultural heritage, looking after some of the island's most special places, spaces, archives and museum collections, making these available to people across the world.
Watercolour Visualisation of the Nobles Hospital, now the Manx Museum, painted by Thomas William Cubbon (1887).
The following images are available on request:
|Mr Philip Moore Callow Kermode – Founding member of the Isle of Man Natural History & Antiquarian Society (1879) , PMC Kermode devoted his life to protecting the Island's heritage. He became the first curator of the Manx Museum when it opened in 1922. "When will Manksmen realise that these monuments so few in number, are of priceless value, that their beauty and their interest should be our greatest pride to preserve" Mr P M C Kermode, 1894|
|William Cubbon, Manx Museum Librarian 1922 -1932 and Manx Museum Director _PHONE_ Under the directorship of William Cubbon and Basil Megaw the Manx Museum continued to expand with new galleries in the 1930s and the first branch museum opening at Cregneash in 1938. They devoted themselves to the collecting of folk culture.|
|Basil Megaw, Assistant Director _PHONE_ and Director _PHONE_ "It is strange how seldom the things of daily life attract the attention of scholars…we resolved on a campaign of field work in the country, on the principle that we would not obtain what we required unless we went out to look for it."Basil Megaw on folk collecting, 1939|
|The Manx Museum, opened 2 November 1922|
|Renault 8 Horsepower Type AX Motorcar (1911)Belonging to Wilson James Ashburner, a retired engineer with a passion for all things mechanical. It was one of the first motorcars to be registered on the Isle of Man and always caused much excitement when people saw it being driven in the towns and villages. The car itself was maintained by William Knox's Engineering Company (William was the father of Archibald Knox). The family were great friends. This model was one of the most successful small cars of the pre-First World War era. Whilst not rare in its own right, this vehicle is special in that it is the oldest surviving Manx registered vehicle. It was issued the registration number MN12 and still holds the same registration. This makes it the oldest surviving number to car pairing on the Isle of Man. When the vehicle was donated to the Manx Museum it was finished in yellow paint, though there is evidence that it has had other paint schemes in the past. The wheels have wooden spokes and detachable rims. To prepare for MUSEUM 100 the car's engine has been conserved and partially restored.|
|Hacker Record Player belonging to Maurice Gibb of the Bee Gees This 1970s Hacker record player once belonged to Maurice Gibb of the Bee Gees pop group, the most famous musical stars produced by the Isle of Man.The casing is covered in two tone black and cream vinyl, with a plastic carrying handle. To one side are three cream plastic buttons (volume, treble, bass). There is a red and silver 'Hacker' logo to the front. In its day, this was an item of some quality.Maurice Gibb was born on the Isle of Man. He found fame with his brothers as the Bee Gees, but in the early 1970s in a low point their career, the family returned to the Island to take advantage of its low tax status. Maurice lived in a large house called Kidborough and was friendly with the donors of this item. The soundtrack of 'Saturday Night Fever' revived the fortunes of the band, and Maurice finally left the Island for good around 1979/80. He then gave away a number of items to friends, including his record player. Maurice Gibb died in 2003, in Miami Florida.|
|Ballaquayle Hoard Eadgar Coin This tiny silver coin is the first object ever catalogued by the Manx Museum. Discovered in 1894, it formed part of an extraordinary Viking age treasure hoard. The treasure was sent to the British Museum as there


text:
The Japanese do not just dream of perfect ski slopes, they are developing the technology to produce them.
Six Japanese companies have carried out 'extensive research' to provide artificial snow for Japan's skiers when nature fails to fill the need (European patents 440 256 and 440 257).
Existing snow machines only work properly at very low ambient temperatures; otherwise they just produce slush. The new trick is to use granules of polymer, such as polyacrylic acid salts, which absorb a large volume of water. The snow makers then mix the bloated polymer with natural snow, if available, or other artificial snow. Finally they freeze the mixture.
Ice bridges form between the polymer granules and snow crystals to make good snow for skiing. The companies have tried colouring the snow with dyes and adding perfume, so that the snow smells nice as well as looking good.
To continue reading this article, subscribe to receive access to all of newscientist.com, including 20 years of archive content.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Homeowners report that painting a home's exterior costs an average of $2,911 with a typical range between $1,735 and $4,104. The average price per square foot ranges from $0.50 to $3.50 depending on your location, condition of your exterior and accessibility. Stucco and brick cost an average of $1 per square foot more than vinyl or wood. The average 2,500 square feet home costs an average of $4,000, though it can range from $1,250 to $8,750. House Painting Thornton
In issue #28 of Garth Ennis's comics series Preacher, Jesse Custer is sitting in front of the painting in the MoMA, examining it. In issue #43, the story of which is titled "Christina's World", Jesse relates his visit to the museum to his mother, Christina L'Angell, who explains to him that when she first discovered the painting in a book, she thought Wyeth had painted her own life. In addition, the cover to issue #43 by artist Glenn Fabry is a variation of Christina's World, with Christina in the role of Anna Christina Olson. House Painting Thornton
The woman in the painting is Anna Christina Olson (3 May 1893 – 27 January 1968). She probably suffered from Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease, a genetic polyneuropathy.[2][3] Wyeth was inspired to create the painting when he saw her crawling across a field while he was watching from a window in the house. He had a summer home in the area and was on friendly terms with Olson, using her and her younger brother as the subjects of paintings from 1940 to 1968. Olson was the inspiration and subject of the painting but she was not the primary model; Wyeth's wife Betsy posed as the torso of the painting. Olson was 55 at the time that Wyeth created the work.[4]
Exterior paint prep projects often involve multi-story work. This means you're going to need a ladder or even a scaffold to boost your reach while supporting you safely. Setting up a ladder or scaffold outside is trickier than an interior application. This is because you'll need to take the stability of the ground into account. A ladder which stands steady on a concrete driveway may sink into soft dirt as soon as you put your weight onto it. Or even worse: that ladder may not move at all until you're 10 feet or more in the air.


SciPy
scipy.signal.symiirorder1
scipy.signal.symiirorder1()
Implement a smoothing IIR filter with mirror-symmetric boundary conditions using a cascade of first-order sections. The second section uses a reversed sequence. This implements a system with the following transfer function and mirror-symmetric boundary conditions:
 c0
H(z) = ---------------------
 (1-z1/z) (1 - z1 z)
The resulting signal will have mirror symmetric boundary conditions as well.
Parameters
inputndarray
The input signal.
c0, z1scalar
Parameters in the transfer function.
precision :
Specifies the precision for calculating initial conditions of the recursive filter based on mirror-symmetric input.
Returns
outputndarray
The filtered signal.
Previous topic
scipy.signal.wiener
Next topic
scipy.signal.symiirorder2


text:
- Join The Movement
- Media & More
- About Us
Types of Builds
Millard Fuller used to say that a home is the foundation on which human development occurs. It is also an important, positive step in working on a safer, healthier and more responsible future. Many people struggling to put food on the table, pay bills, purchase school supplies and clothing and maintain transportation to work are not thinking about repairing their homes, even though those homes might be dangerous, literally crumbling around them and their children.
The Fuller Center is an organization devoted to partnership, renewed opportunity and providing a hand up instead of a hand out. The construction and rehabilitation of simple, decent houses are the two basic ways we do this.
The work of The Fuller Center allows the elderly to live out their rest of their days comfortably in their own homes, gives families a fresh start, enables the handicapped to maintain a level of independence in accessible homes and, in some cases, transforms entire neighborhoods.


TapetumAn area in the pigmented layer of the choroid coat of the eye in whitetail, which has an iridescent or metallic luster and helps to make the eye visible in the dark The tapetum is the part that glows or shines when you shine a bright light on a deer at night
Tarsal gland- A gland located on the inside of the deer's hind leg. This gland consists of a patch of elongated hairs underlain by an area of large sebaceous glands. The sebaceous glands secrete a fatty lipid that adheres to the hairs of the tarsal gland. This area gives off a strong, musky odor. This odor is the result of urine being deposited on these glands and mixed with lipids during a behavior known as rub-urination. Deer use this gland to recognize other individuals in the herd and to give information relative to their sex, social status, and reproductive condition.
TendWhen a buck stays close to a female during mating season waiting for the female to come into estrus so that buck can breed the doe
Typical RackDeer antlers with points growing only off the front sides of the main beam
VelvetThe soft skin that covers a bucks antlers as they grow in. This velvet falls off in the fall and the antlers get hard.
VenisonMeat from a deer is called venison.
Posted in: Library


EWD771 - 0
About 2-coloured 6-graphs.
Let each of the 15 edges of the complete 6-graph be either red or blue. Three of the 6 nodes are said to form a "homogeneous triangle" if the three edges connecting them are of the same colour. Prove the existence of at least two homogeneous triangles.
We call two edges that meet at a node and are of different colour a "mixed pair" meeting at that node. Because at any node 5 edges meet, at most 2 * 3 = 6 mixed pairs meet at that node. Because we have 6 nodes, there are at most 6 * 6 = 36 mixed pairs. Because each mixed pair occurs in one inhomogeneous triangle and each inhomogeneous triangle contains two mixed pairs, we have at most 36 / 2 = 18 inhomogeneous triangles. The total number of distinct triangles being (6*5*4)/(3*2*1) = 20, we have at least 20 - 18 = 2 homogeneous triangles.
Plataanstraat 5
The Netherlands
29 December 1980
prof.dr. Edsger W. Dijkstra
Burroughs Research Fellow
Transcription by John C Gordon
Last revised on Mon, 30 Jun 2003.


<< Back - Alkacon logo
OpenCms 6.0 interactive documentation:
Step 4: Using a JSP template from scriptlet
OpenCms logo - Forward >>
Using JSP templates without the OpenCms taglib
In the previous steps you learned how to use JSP based templates with the OpenCms <cms:> taglib.
If you want to create a scriptlet based JSP without using the taglib, there is another way to include template elements in your JSP. This is achieved by the JavaBean org.opencms.jsp.CmsJspActionElement . This Bean provides direct access to the functionality offered by the OpenCms taglib. It is described in detail in the com.alkacon.documentation.documentation_scriptlet module.
Here's a simple JSP that uses the template from the previous example without the taglib (check out the file example-jsp-template-action.jsp to see this in action):
<%
// create a JSP action element
org.opencms.jsp.CmsJspActionElement cms =
new org.opencms.jsp.CmsJspActionElement(pageContext, request, response);
// load the template head
cms.include("/system/modules/com.alkacon.documentation.howto_template/jsptemplates/howto-complete.jsp", "head");
// generate some output
out.println(new java.util.Date());
// load the template foot
cms.include("/system/modules/com.alkacon.documentation.howto_template/jsptemplates/howto-complete.jsp", "foot");
%>
The include() method here needs two String parameters, the first is the path and filename to the included JSP template, the second the name of the selected element. Instead of writing the name of the JSP template file directly in your JSP like we did in this example, you can also combine the methods of the CmsJspActionElement. For example you can use the method cms.property("template", "search") which returns the value of the "template" property if you attached this to the JSP (or a parent folder). This way you can achieve exactly the same result as using the <cms:include property="template" file="search" /> tag from the OpenCms taglib.
Whether you prefer using the taglib or the Java Bean is a matter of application (or taste). Both options execute the same code inside OpenCms. It is up to you to make your choice.
Conclusion
After working through this howto, you should be able to create your own JSP based templates in OpenCms. JSP based templates can be used for "editable" HTML pages and also for "dynamic" JSPs as outlined in our examples. Of course, not all options of the OpenCms taglib or scriptlet API available to build templates with have been explained in detail here. You should consult the reference modules for this libraries for more in-depth information.
©2003-2005 Alkacon Software (_URL_) - The OpenCms experts


text:
What is the shape of a suspended rope? Is there some
function that describes it?
Answer: it's the cosh curve!
y = cosh x
and suspending a rope in front of the transparency projection
so that the rope shadow can be compared!
This may be seen quite dramatically by putting up a
transparency of the catenary
Now, someone may object and say that the curve of
x2 will also
give a good approximation. If they do this, you can talk
about how the Taylor series of cosh begins with a quadratic
1 + x2/2, so it is not surprising!
The Math Behind the Fact:
Calculus and modeling are useful here: by breaking the
rope into lots of little chunks, and modeling the forces
on each chunk, one can obtain a
differential equation whose
solution is the cosh curve.
How to Cite this Page:
Su, Francis E., et al. "Suspended Rope Trick."
Math Fun Facts.


HTML5 Curation
From Flashpoint Database
Revision as of 06:35, 16 January 2021 by Nosamu (talk | contribs)
Jump to: navigation, search
HTML5 games are not nearly as endangered as Flash games, and are in fact often cited as replacing the Flash medium. However, they still pose a risk of disappearing at some point in time, and therefore should be considered for curation just like other web game formats.
The following page is a tutorial on how to curate HTML5 games to add to Flashpoint.
Before You Start
Identifying HTML5 Games
If a web game doesn't ask to enable Adobe Flash Player and there's no sign or mention of any of the other Platforms, it is very likely an HTML5 game. Some use game engines as their base, the most prominent example being UnityWebGL, which replaced the previous Unity NPAPI implementation that no longer works.
To confirm this, press F12 to open the Developer Tools of your browser, click on the Inspect Element button and click on the game area. This will show you in the Elements tab the iframe the game is located in, and there you'll find the link for the main file of the game. You can also look for a.html file, likely with the filename index.html.
Copy the file's link and go to it. If it plays an unobstructed version of the game, you've found the source of your Launch Command. Keep in mind that not all games should be divorced from the page they are found in, such as individual games outside of webgame websites.
Make sure to always use http:// instead of https:// to make sure Flashpoint grabs files from the fake Internet instead of the real one!
Grabbing The Game From The Internet
Some games have one or more image files that act as sprite sheets, others will have each unique texture as an individual file, so make sure to get them all.
Create a new curation in the Curate tab of Flashpoint Core and fill it out with as much information as you can, including the Launch Command you found earlier. The Platform should be HTML5, and the Application Path should be FPSoftware\Basilisk-Portable\Basilisk-Portable.exe, referring to the Basilisk browser used for HTML5 games.
After inputting the launch command, use Run with MAD4FP, and start playing the game. MAD4FP will download any assets automatically as you play and make progress.
REMEMBER, ALWAYS TEST THE GAME 100%, NO MATTER HOW BIG OR SMALL! This is true for all games, but especially HTML5, as nearly none are single-asset, you are almost guaranteed to find a multi-asset. Because of how it works, most games will only call assets when needed, so make sure to navigate all the menus, click all the buttons, and play the game as thoroughly as possible. This may include hidden collectables, unique voice lines, downloadables, completion bonuses, etc.
Wayback will not save these missing assets on a normal capture, and computers/browsers tend to clear cache much more frequently for optimization, making cache dumps unlikely to yield anything, so once it's gone, it's likely gone for good. Better to catch everything first try and make sure it's not lost. for more information on multi-assets in general, go here.
After making sure you got the whole game, test it again, this time without using MAD4FP pressing the Run button.
Responsive Design Mode and Mobile Elements
Some games will have mobile controls, loading different assets.
Unlike traditional plugins, HTML5 allows games to be played on both Desktop and Mobile. This means that some games will implement Responsive Design elements so games work better on mobile platforms. This can load new assets such as the pages, scripts, elements, images, etc.
To check whether a game has these elements, play the game both in desktop and Responsive mode. On Basilisk in the developer console, enable Responsive Design Mode, then on the Responsive menu enable Touch Events, and make sure to reload the page as these elements might not have been loaded on Desktop mode. Use the Rotate button to test, as some games do not allow you to play in a certain orientation and will load warning messages.
Make sure to skim through the entire game where these elements might show up, like parts with game controls or menus.
https removal
, because there are an extremely low number of HTML5 games that are single-asset. Your curation is almost guaranteed to be multi-asset. From here, you have two main options, both of which are described here
Don't be surprised if it doesn't work at first, HTML5 games are relatively stable and mostly work, but a common occurrence is the game refusing to load assets. This most likely is because of https requests inside the code of the game calling for files on the live web and failing, instead of http which calls local files. You will need to find and replace all instances of https with http in the game files. You might need to repeat this step multiple times for different parts of the game. This is a really common form of modification for HTML5 games, but it is minor enough that games with altered https requests don't really need to be marked as Hacked. Note that this rule only applies to text files (such as HTML and JS files); you must always mark a game as Hacked if you edit binary files (such as SWFs).
Missing assets
Alternatively, if MAD4FP isn't able to download a certain file, or Basilisk is having trouble running the application, you can Use cURLsDownloader. Simply copy & paste the URLs you wish to download, open cURLsDownloader, paste in the URL, and hit Enter.
Copy the contents of the Downloads folder outputted by cURLsDownloader, select the Open Folder button on your curation in the Curate tab, and paste the folder into the content folder of your curation.
Clean-up of junk Files
Since MAD4FP downloads every file requested by the game that still exists on the live web, you can get a lot of files that are unnecessary for the game to work. Be careful not to enter pages outside of the game as it will download them too, best way to prevent this is by knowing where this happens inside the game.
Even with these precautions, you will download junk form other services the website uses outside of the game. After deleting them, make sure the games still work without them.
Broken or non-functional games
Some games might require a certain browser we do not support or newer features not available on the 32bit version of Basilisk, which will no longer receive updates. This version is used to ensure compatibility with 32bit machines, and also because it houses most NPAPI plugins. Staff is working on implementing a replacement browser for these newer HTML5 titles. Make sure to ask staff if this is really the problem.
If yes, although unable to be played on the current version of Flashpoint being used, it should still be saved, as these features are likely to be supported in the future and the game work as a result.
For this situation, download the Brwoser Mode Launcher Extension, and type :browser-mode: in the application path field. This will use Flashpoint's built in Browser, which is more feature complete. This will fix most compatibility issues, you can still use MAD4FP with it.
Make sure to write a note explaining that the game does not currently run in flashpoint:
Game only currently works with the :browser-mode: application path extension as of Flashpoint version X.X, please test once a new version is released and remove this sentence if it's able to work without it.
If it still doesn't work, the best option is to run the game on the live web with the network tab open, and playing the game as if you were curating it as normal. After finishing, copy all cURLs, create a.txt file, paste and save. Next, drag & drop the file onto cURLsDownloader.bat. Copy the contents of the Downloads folder outputted by cURLsDownloader, select the Open Folder button on your curation in the Curate tab, and paste the folder into the content folder of your curation.
Upload this curation to _TAG_-lounge on our Discord server for safekeeping, as it might be able to work in the future.
Wrapping It Up
Follow the proper Curation Format, just like with any curation.
Click on Export button at the bottom of your Curation, this will create a single.7z file containing the entire curation, which can be found by clicking Exported Curations on the Curate tab, which opens the folder. Once you have the file, submit it to the _TAG_-game-curations channel of the Flashpoint Discord, typing the name of the game and using the HTML5 emoji when submitting. If the file is too large for discord, upload it to, and type the name with the emoji in the Discord channel.


Power Query
published
Search…
⌃K
Duration.ToText
Duration.ToText
Returns the text of the form "d.h:m:s".
function (optional duration as nullable any, optional format as nullable any) as nullable any
Description
Returns a textual representation in the form "day.hour:mins:sec" of the given duration value, duration. A text value that specifies the format can be provided as an optional second parameter, format.
Category
Duration
Examples
Convert #duration(2, 5, 55, 20) into a text value.
Duration.ToText(#duration(2, 5, 55, 20))
"2.05:55:20"


text:
At the City of San Marcos, the health and safety of our community is our top priority. Amid the COVID-19 outbreak and Governor Gavin Newsom's "stay at home" order, project construction will proceed as project construction activities are exempt under the order. Here are the two sections in the order supporting this exemption:
- Emergency Services Sector: "Workers who support the operation, inspection, and maintenance of essential public works facilities and operations, including bridges, water and sewer main breaks, fleet maintenance personnel, construction of critical or strategic infrastructure, construction material suppliers, traffic signal maintenance, emergency location services for buried utilities, maintenance of digital systems infrastructure supporting public works operations, and other emergent issues."
- Other Community-Based Government Operations and Essential Functions: "Construction workers who support the construction, operation, inspection, and maintenance of construction sites and construction projects (including housing construction)."
Given the importance of the project and its role in providing critical transportation infrastructure and relief from flooding, the City will continue with construction as planned. The Creek construction team is taking all recommended precautions to stay healthy and safe by following the guidance from public health officials, not gathering in groups larger than 10 people, practicing social distancing and frequent handwashing on the construction site.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


Skip to main content
Accuracy of landmark scalp blocks performed during asleep-awake-asleep awake craniotomy: a retrospective study
To the Editor,
Awake craniotomy (AC) is often performed in patients with brain tumors that are present in regions linked to language processing to minimize any damage to language functioning [1]. During ACs, scalp blocks affecting the supraorbital nerve, supratrochlear nerve, greater and lesser occipital nerve, auriculotemporal nerve, and zygomaticotemporal branch nerve enable safe surgical procedure during the awake phase of ACs [1, 2]. If the scalp block is not effective, it becomes difficult to perform any awake tasks with the cooperation of the patient, as performance is hindered due to headache.
Scalp blocks in ACs are often performed under general anesthesia; however, at our hospital, we perform scalp blocks before the patient is anesthetized to achieve less headache during the awake phase [3]. If the block effect is insufficient as no sensation reduction is demonstrated by the cold test after blocking, an additional dosage of local anesthetic can be administered. To date, no study has considered the accuracy of scalp blocks performed by landmark methods. In this study, we retrospectively investigated the accuracy of scalp blocks performed using the landmark method in ACs.
This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Nagoya University (Approval number: 2020-0108). We investigated retrospective cases of ACs (n = 103) performed at Nagoya University Hospital from January 1, 2016, to May 30, 2020. We performed all scalp blocks bilaterally by landmark methods as described previously with 0.375% ropivacaine [1, 3]: 1.5–2 mL for supraorbital/supratrochlear nerves, 2–2.5 mL for greater/lesser occipital nerves, 3–5 mL for auriculotemporal nerve, and 3–5 mL for zygomaticotemporal branch nerve (total number, 206). After all of the scalp blocks were performed, we assessed the number of block failures on each side by using the cold test before induction. We compared the number of block failures using Cochran's Q test. The statistical analyses were performed with EZR (Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University [4]). All data were analyzed using Cochran's Q test and McNemar test with the post hoc Bonferroni test. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
The rates of failure in the scalp blocks were as follows: supraorbital and supratrochlear nerve (n = 5, failure rate 2.4%), greater and lesser occipital nerve (n = 15, 7.2%), auriculotemporal nerve (n = 23, 11.1%), and zygomaticotemporal branch (n = 34, 16.6%).
Among these blocks, the zygomaticotemporal nerve block failure rate was significantly higher than in other nerves (P < 0.001, at the Cochran's Q test, versus supraorbital and supratrochlear nerve (P < 0.001), greater and lesser occipital nerve (P < 0.001), auriculotemporal nerve (P = 0.015)).
This study revealed the failure rate for zygomaticotemporal nerve blocks was higher than that of the other nerve blocks. The zygomaticotemporal nerve is distributed deep below the surface of the skin and can have anomalies [5, 6]; therefore, it can be difficult to anesthetize using the anatomical landmark method. Patients often suffer headaches during AC, and as the zygomaticotemporal nerve is a nerve responsible for the sensation in the surrounding temple [6], it may be the cause of temporal pain during an AC.
To improve the success rate of the zygomaticotemporal nerve, further studies assessing different blocking techniques, such as using ultrasounds, are required in the future.
Availability of data and materials
They are available as an Excel® file upon reasonable request.
 1. 1.
 Costello TG, Cormack JR. Anaesthesia for awake craniotomy: a modern approach. J Clin Neurosci. 2004;11:16–9.
 CAS Article Google Scholar
 2. 2.
 Darreul S, Martin S. Awake craniotomy: anesthetic considerations based on outcome evidence. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2019;32:546–52.
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TS wrote the manuscript and contributed to the research conception and design, acquisition, analysis, and interpretation of the data. NK contributed to the drafting of the article. The two authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Correspondence to Takehito Sato.
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Our study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Nagoya University Hospital (Approval number: 2020-0108). Because of the retrospective nature of this study, the requirement for informed consent was waived.
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All authors did not receive financial aid for this work and declare no conflicts of interest.
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Sato, T., Nishiwaki, K. Accuracy of landmark scalp blocks performed during asleep-awake-asleep awake craniotomy: a retrospective study. JA Clin Rep 7, 8 (2021).
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text:
This chapter contains an overview of the C++RTL specific data types and constants. A brief explanation of each data type along with sizes is provided.
Basic Data Types and their Sizes
This section lists the basic data types used in C++RTL APIs, indicating the size of each.
- mqbyte - Data defined to occupy 8 bits (unsigned).
- mqchar - Data defined to occupy 8 bits.
- mqshort - Data defined to occupy 16 bits.
- mqint - Data defined to occupy 32 bits.
- mqlong - Data defined to occupy 64 bits.
- mqfloat - Data defined to occupy 32 bits.
- mqdouble - Data defined to occupy 64 bits.
All required public constants are categorized and declared in common_def.h according to JMS specifications.
Messaging related constants are required while creating sessions and sending messages to a queue or topic on the FioranoMQ Server.
Following are the possible values of the acknowledgement mode that can be used while creating a TopicSession or a QueueSession:
- _TAG_ AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE 1
- _TAG_ CLIENT_ACKNOWLEDGE 2
- _TAG_ DUPS_OK_ACKNOWLEDGE 3
Following are the permissible values for the message delivery mode that can be used in publish or send call. The persistence of a message is decided using these constants:
- _TAG_ NON_PERSISTENT 1
- _TAG_ PERSISTENT 2
Following are the string representations of the various message types that can be sent by a C client to the FioranoMQ Server. A call of MSG_getJMSType returns one of these values:
- _TAG_ JMSMESSAGE "Message"
- _TAG_ BYTESMESSAGE "BytesMessage"
- _TAG_ STREAMMESSAGE "StreamMessage"
- _TAG_ MAPMESSAGE "MapMessage"
- _TAG_ TEXTMESSAGE "TextMessage"
Following are some of the permissible values for message priority that can be used in publish or send call:
- _TAG_ MinPriority 0
- _TAG_ MaxPriority 9
- _TAG_ LowPriority 0
- _TAG_ NormPriority 4
- _TAG_ HighPriority 9
The C++RTL adheres to the following naming convention for you to easily identify the classes, constants and member functions with the corresponding definitions in JMS specifications.
As defined in JMS specifications

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Search Your keyword
3 types of buzzing
Posted on July 27, 2004 by
Why lip buzz or mpc buzz or leadpipe buzz. What is the difference. Besides I heard that a study showed we don't have to buzz.
Many great teachers advocated lip and or mouthpiece buzzing (to certain students).
They are used as exercises and to teach a certain concept. After the idea is understood the buzzing is stopped.
Leadpipe buzzing has more to do with AIR-flow while lip buzzing deals with Strength, range and a close embouchure setting. Mouthpiece buzzing is normally to work on a dynamic embouchure rather than static one. So that your embouchure can always adjust and shift registers as you play.
Strength exercises are short lived so as NOT to impede lip flexibility. AIR exercises are forever.
FWIW we've known since the early 60's that there is a standing wave setup in the tubing of the trumpet. I first read Schilke's report in 73 or 74. The fact that a buzz is not required does not mean that the skill learned doing it is not important.
If you only know how to dogpaddle then you can "say" you know how to swim. I doubt that a dogpaddle would win a swim meet however. Knowledge and skills always pay off.


How to View the D Drive
By Andrew Meer
Computer designers usually divide hard disks into a number of partitions to manage files and folders effectively. Partitions receive a drive letter so that operating systems can identify them. Usually, operating systems such as Windows 7 and Windows Vista are present on the C drive, but a multi-boot system can also have an operating system on the D drive. If you wish to see the contents inside the D drive, you can access it using Windows Explorer.
Step 1
Open Windows Explorer. To do so, click the "Start" button on your Windows task bar and select the program labeled "Computer."
Step 2
Right-click the icon labeled "Local Disk (D:)." If the D drive on your computer is an optical drive, the icon will be labeled something like "CD Drive (D:)" or "DVD Drive (D:)."
Step 3
Click on the option labeled "Open" to view the contents inside the D drive.
Tips & Warnings
 - If the D drive on your computer is an optical drive, you must first insert a disc before you can open it using Windows Explorer.


text:
Existing fleet excluded from FAA proposal
WASHINGTON (Feb. 13, 2024) – The National Transportation Safety Board Tuesday again called on the Federal Aviation Administration to require all existing airplanes that require a cockpit voice recorder and a flight data recorder to be retrofitted with devices capable of recording 25 hours of audio, instead of the current standard of two hours.
NTSB investigators were unable to hear cockpit voice recorder audio from the Jan. 5 Alaska Airlines accident because the data was overwritten. Since 2018, at least 14 NTSB investigations have been hampered because cockpit voice recorder, or CVR, data were overwritten, including seven serious runway incursions that occurred in early 2023.
"In the recent Alaska Airlines door plug blowout accident, our investigators don't have the CVR audio to fully understand all of the challenges the flight crew faced in response to the emergency," said NTSB Chair Jennifer Homendy. "Any investigation in which the CVR audio is overwritten and unavailable to us, means that we may miss opportunities to address safety issues identified on recordings. And that's unacceptable."
The FAA recently announced plans to align with rules and standards already in place in Europe and at the International Civil Aviation Organization by requiring newly manufactured airplanes to have 25-hour CVRs. The FAA proposal would not apply to the current fleet, even though airplanes can be in service for decades.
In a response to the FAA's notice of proposed rulemaking, the NTSB challenged the FAA's assertion that retrofitting the fleet is too expensive. The NTSB said a retrofit would apply to about 13,500 aircraft -- less than half of the 29,561 the FAA estimated in its cost/benefit analysis.
In 2018, after a near-collision involving numerous wide-body jets loaded with passengers at San Francisco International Airport, the NTSB issued two CVR recommendations to the FAA:
- Require all newly manufactured airplanes that must have a CVR be fitted with a CVR capable of recording the last 25 hours of audio.
- By January 1, 2024, require retrofit of all CVRs on all airplanes required to carry both a CVR and a flight data recorder with a CVR capable of recording the last 25 hours of audio.
"CVRs are among the most valuable tools for accident investigation because they provide contemporaneous information on flight crew intentions and coordination as well other factors, such as procedural compliance, workload, fatigue, and situational awareness," said Tim LeBaron, director of the NTSB's Office of Aviation Safety. "This information is critical to our ability to conduct more thorough investigations and target safety recommendations more effectively."
Read NTSB's full comments to the FAA's NPRM.
To report an incident/accident or if you are a public safety agency, please call _PHONE_ or _PHONE_ to speak to a Watch Officer at the NTSB Response Operations Center (ROC) in Washington, DC (24/7).


Frequently Asked Questions
What is FAIR VM?
The Financial Accountability & Impact Ratio Valuation Model (FAIR VM) is a means of quantifying the environmental, social, and governance (ESG) practices of corporations so that we can determine their social capital and their adjusted, 'FAIR' stock price. It allows investors to quickly and reliably determine which companies will use their money for good as opposed to merely profit.
What is social capital?
Social capital is exactly what it sounds like. It's capital that allocated toward social efforts. In this case, we use the term broadly to refer to the financial value of a company's environmental, social, and governance activities.
What does adjusted 'FAIR' stock price mean?
We adjust the stock price of companies based on their ESG activities. A positive adjustment (i.e., undervalued) indicates that a company contributes a significant amount of social capital compared to their peers, while a negative adjustment (overvalued) indicates that a company could be doing much more.
What kind of ESG practices do you assess?
We currently assess approximately 150 activies across environmental, social, and governance concerns. A detailed list of these points will be available through our website soon. Additionally, we want our model to be comprehensive and adaptable, so we will also be providing an online form so that consumers can submit new ESG measures for consideration.
How are you different from your competitors?
First, we want our product to be accessible. Numerous large financial institutions have their own ESG assessments; however, they are often priced far out of reach of everyday, retail investors. Much of the information that we provide, however, is free to access from our website. Second, our model goes one step further by quantifying ESG practices. In other words, we are able to assess the financial value of typically qualitative efforts. This gives investors an additional means of gauging where their money is going and how it is being used.
How objective are your data?
We only source our corporate ESG data from reputable sources to ensure objectivity and accuracy, and all of the companies in our model are assessed using the same ESG criteria and scoring system.
Do you offer any services alongside trading platforms?
Not yet, but we hope to soon! We would like to offer a plug-in that would provide users with ESG information (e.g., adjusted 'FAIR' price and social capital) alongside the exchange-fed financial data that these platforms provide. This is one of the next phases in our development.
What are your next steps?
We are currently in the process of expanding our ESG dataset to include additional industries and companies. On top of plug-in development, we also plan to use artificial intelligence to automate the data collection process for public companies, scraping company websites, news articles, and financial reports to update our ESG database with minimal human intervention. We would also like to pursue additional partnerships and explore an opt-in feature for companies to self-submit ESG information, followed by the necessary verification procedures.
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text:
Projects per year
This study investigated the feasibility of Moringa oleifera seed cake powder (MOSCP), a natural product after oil extraction, for Congo red (CR) removal from aqueous solution. Coagulation experiments indicated that CR was efficiently removed by MOSCP in short time. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy spectra showed that large amount of proteins was contained in MOSCP. The removal of CR was contributed to both the adsorption and charge neutralization of proteins on the surface of MOSCP particles, and nucleation of these particles. No significant impact of solution pH was observed on CR removal under acid and neutral conditions, but the CR removal decreased remarkably with increasing pH under basic condition. An optimal MOSCP dosage was found that was linearly proportional to CR initial concentration. ? 2014, Balaban Desalination Publications.
- 1 Finished


text:
We present a theoretical study focusing on exploring the possibility of controlling anthropogenic and natural seismicity. More specifically, we address the general question of earthquake control: Is it possible to control and avoid anthropogenic and natural earthquakes and how?
We address this question using the spring-slider model in a mathematically rigorous framework and we investigate the conditions under which a seismogenic fault system can be stabilized by fluid injection (Stefanou, 2019). The concept that pore pressure increase due to fluid injection can stimulate fault slip is well established nowadays. Recent works also show the potential of generating aseismic slip in some cases (Cornet, 2016). However, the question of earthquake control is still open and challenging.
We use a general Coulomb-type rheology that depends both on slip and slip-rate for describing the frictional behavior of a fault system. Our analysis leads to a non-autonomous system, whose steady-state and stability are retrieved using a double-scale asymptotic analysis in time. Additionally to rock elasticity, which is responsible for the progressive elastic energy build-up that is released abruptly during earthquake events, we consider also radiational damping. This is performed by accounting for the rock viscosity through a damper in Kelvin-Voigt configuration.
We show mathematically that the system is stabilizable by controlling fluid pressure and we present scenarios of earthquake control.
Stefanou, I. (2019). Controlling Anthropogenic and Natural Seismicity: Insights From Active Stabilization of the Spring‐Slider Model. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 2019JB017847. _URL_
Cornet, F. H. (2016). Seismic and aseismic motions generated by fluid injections. Geomechanics for Energy and the Environment, 5, 42–54. _URL_


text:
- Public Notices
How non-public and home schools relate to the school district
By Steve Bruchman,
Community Services Director
New Prague Area Schools
Each year non-public schools (like St. Wenceslaus School and Holy Cross School) and home schools (individual parents instructing one or more of their children at home) are required to register with the school district in which they operate.
A non-public school is usually defined as having five or more students coming together in a set location/building; a home school is usually fewer than five students and located in a residence.


LATEST VERSION: 9.3.2 - RELEASE NOTES
Pivotal GemFire® v9.3
Implementing Delta Propagation
By default, delta propagation is enabled in your distributed system. When enabled, delta propagation is used for objects that implement org.apache.geode.Delta. You program the methods to store and extract delta information for your entries and to apply received delta information.
Use the following procedure to implement delta propagation in your distributed system.
 1. Study your object types and expected application behavior to determine which regions can benefit from using delta propagation. Delta propagation does not improve performance for all data and data modification scenarios. See When to Avoid Delta Propagation.
 2. For each region where you are using delta propagation, choose whether to enable cloning using the delta propagation property cloning-enabled. Cloning is disabled by default. See Delta Propagation Properties.
 3. If you do not enable cloning, review all associated listener code for dependencies on EntryEvent.getOldValue. Without cloning, GemFire modifies the entry in place and so loses its reference to the old value. For delta events, the EntryEvent methods getOldValue and getNewValue both return the new value.
 4. For every class where you want delta propagation, implement org.apache.geode.Delta and update your methods to support delta propagation. Exactly how you do this depends on your application and object needs, but these steps describe the basic approach:
 1. If the class is a plain old Java object (POJO), wrap it for this implementation and update your code to work with the wrapper class.
 2. Define as transient any extra object fields that you use to manage delta state. This can help performance when the full object is distributed. Whenever standard Java serialization is used, the transient keyword indicates to Java to not serialize the field.
 3. Study the object contents to decide how to handle delta changes. Delta propagation has the same issues of distributed concurrency control as the distribution of full objects, but on a more detailed level. Some parts of your objects may be able to change independent of one another while others may always need to change together. Send deltas large enough to keep your data logically consistent. If, for example, field A and field B depend on each other, then your delta distributions should either update both fields or neither. As with regular updates, the fewer producers you have on a data region, the lower your likelihood of concurrency issues.
 4. In the application code that puts entries, put the fully populated object into the local cache. Even though you are planning to send only deltas, errors on the receiving end could cause GemFire to request the full object, so you must provide it to the originating put method. Do this even in empty producers, with regions configured for no local data storage. This usually means doing a get on the entry unless you are sure it does not already exist anywhere in the distributed region.
 5. Change each field's update method to record information about the update. The information must be sufficient for toDelta to encode the delta and any additional required delta information when it is invoked.
 6. Write hasDelta to report on whether a delta is available.
 7. Write toDelta to create a byte stream with the changes to the object and any other information fromDelta will need to apply the changes. Before returning from toDelta, reset your delta state to indicate that there are no delta changes waiting to be sent.
 8. Write fromDelta to decode the byte stream that toDelta creates and update the object.
 9. Make sure you provide adequate synchronization to your object to maintain a consistent object state. If you do not use cloning, you will probably need to synchronize on reads and writes to avoid reading partially written updates from the cache.This synchronization might involve toDelta, fromDelta, toData, fromData, and other methods that access or update the object. Additionally, your implementation should take into account the possibility of concurrent invocations of fromDelta and one or more of the object's update methods.


[翻译字幕]Words and Their Stories: Bigwig
来源：慢速英语 时间：2012-04-08 08:00:41
Now, the VOA Special English program WORDS AND THEIR STORIES.
Some expressions describe people who are important, or who at least think they are. One such expression is bigwig.
In the seventeenth century, important men in Europe began to wear false hair, called wigs. As years passed, wigs began to get bigger. The size of a man's wig depended on how important he was. The more important he was -- or thought he was -- the bigger the wig he wore. Some wigs were so large they covered a man's shoulders or back.
Today, the expression bigwig is used to make fun of a person who feels important. People never tell someone he is a bigwig. They only use the expression behind his back.
Big wheel is another way to describe an important person. A big wheel may be the head of a company, a political leader, a famous movie star. They are big wheels because they are powerful. What they do affects many people. Big wheels give the orders. Other people carry them out. As in many machines, a big wheel makes the little wheels turn.
Big wheel是另外一种描述重要人物的方式。Big wheel可能是公司负责人、政治领袖、或著名影星。他们是Big wheel，因为他们极具影响力。他们的所作所为能够影响很多人。Big wheels下达命令，其他人来贯彻落实。就像在许多机器中，大轮带动小轮转。
Big wheel [became] a popular expression after World War Two. It probably comes from an expression used for many years by people who fix parts of cars and trucks. They said a person rolled a big wheel if he was important and had influence.
二战后，Big wheel变成一个常用表达，它可能源于轿车或卡车修理工人使用了很多年的一种说法。这些工人称，如果一个人很重要而且有影响力，就由他来转动大轮。
The top of something is the highest part. So it is not surprising that top is part of another expression that describes an important person. The expression is top banana. A top banana is the leading person in a comedy show. The funniest comedian is called the top banana. The next is second banana. And so on.
某个物体的顶部是最高的部分，所以top是另一个描述重要人物的短语的一部分，这并不奇怪。这个短语就是top banana。Top Banana是喜剧中的主角。最有趣的喜剧演员被称为top banana，接下来就是second banana。以此类推。
Why a banana? A comedy act in earlier days often included a part where one of the comedians would hit the others over the head with a soft object. The object was shaped like the yellow fruit: the banana.
Top banana still is used mainly in show business. Yet the expression can also be used to describe the top person in any area.
Top banana仍主要用于娱乐行业。然而，这个短语还可以用来形容任何领域的重要人物。
A kingpin is another word for an important person. The expression comes from the game of bowling. The kingpin is the number one pin. If hit correctly with the bowling ball, the kingpin will make all the other nine pins fall. And that is the object of the game.
So, the most important person in a project or business is the kingpin. If the kingpin is removed, the business or project is likely to fail.
Kingpin is often used to describe an important criminal, or the leader of a criminal gang. A newspaper may report, for example, that police have arrested the suspected kingpin of a car-stealing operation.
This VOA Special English program, WORDS AND THEIR STORIES, was written by Marilyn Christiano. I'm Warren Scheer.


text:
Our Mission, Vision, and Beliefs/Values
The Flynn Center for the Performing Arts fosters the enjoyment, understanding, and development of the performing arts in Vermont through diverse and engaging artistic experiences.
The Flynn is Vermont's premier home for diverse performing arts programming and education, collaborating with artists, organizations, schools and the community to encourage the creation, appreciation, and understanding of the arts. We seek to nurture a vibrant arts community, foster artistic excellence, and bring people together for powerful shared experiences that inspire a creative exchange of ideas.
The arts touch people's lives in profound ways: in their understanding of themselves, their connection to local and world communities and cultures, and in their understanding of their own creativity. The arts provide these qualities to the greater public for the social and economic benefits that the shared performance experience provides. The Flynn's belief in these sustaining principles manifests in the following forms:
- Providing quality, diverse opportunities for shared artistic experiences for all, inspiring participation in the creation, understanding, and appreciation of the arts.
- Fostering artistic development of established, emerging, and aspiring regional, national, and international artists.
- Collaborating with artists and arts organizations, community partners, and businesses in pursuit of mutual goals and richer cultural experiences.
- Appreciating the value of our audiences, the talent of our artists, the generosity of our funders, the dedication of our staff, board, and volunteers, and the integrity of our communities.
- Creating a dynamic learning organization.
- Responding to demographic shifts in our community.
- Embracing an internal staff culture that values innovation and cooperation, utilizes talent and skills, and provides opportunities for growth and learning.
- Providing excellent customer service with a constant focus on patron/participant experience at every contact point.
- Staying current with technological advances.
- Preserving our historic facilities within an environmentally responsible framework whenever possible.
- Maintaining prudent financial planning and management to secure future viability and sustainability.


The spirit of the Mifuno Desert, Mifúno is one of the three most powerful spirits in the desert. She is also the only female among the triad. Both Tachìra and Chobìre fight for her affections because she is unwilling to choose one over the other.
In some stories, Mifúno is the mother of both Tachìra and Chobìre but the father is unknown. These stories occur more in the southern areas of the desert while the northern claim that all three spirits always existed and the stars are the direct children of the spirits.
There are no known people who claim to be part of Mifúno. Those who do frequently find themselves dead soon after touching the desert as she is violent and brutal in her judgment.
There are no clans that directly associate themselves with Mifúno.
5.1.1831 TSC 20.8
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Events between 1840–1849
1840 TSC
Notable Works
Created by D. Moonfire


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AP Calculus Free Response Question?
On a certain workday, the rate, in tons per hour, at which unprocessed gravel arrives at a gravel processing plant is modeled by G(t)=90+45cos(t^2/18), where t is measured in hours and 0≤t≤8. At the beginning of the workday (t=0), the plant has 500 tons of unprocessed gravel. During the hours of operation, 0≤t≤8, the plant processes gravel at a constant rate of 100 tons per hour.

a) Find G'(5).
b) Find the total amount of unprocessed gravel that arrives at the plant during the hours of operation on this workday.
c) Is the amount of unprocessed gravel at the plant increasing or decreasing at time t=5 hours? Show the work that leads to your answer.
d) What's the maximum amount of unprocessed gravel at the plant during the hours of operation on this workday? Justify your answer.

Please show all your work.
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text:
Definitions of vestry
n. - A room appendant to a church, in which sacerdotal vestments and sacred utensils are sometimes kept, and where meetings for worship or parish business are held; a sacristy; -- formerly called revestiary. 2
n. - A parochial assembly; an assembly of persons who manage parochial affairs; -- so called because usually held in a vestry. 2
n. - A body, composed of wardens and vestrymen, chosen annually by a parish to manage its temporal concerns. 2
The word "vestry" uses 6 letters: E R S T V Y.
No direct anagrams for vestry found in this word list.
Adding one letter to vestry does not form any other word in this word list.
Shorter words found within vestry:
er ers erst es et re res rest ret rets rev revs rye ryes ser set stey sty stye trey treys try tye tyer tyers tyes tyre tyres verst vert verts very vest vet vets ye yes yet
List shorter words within vestry, sorted by length
All words formed from vestry by changing one letter
Browse words starting with vestry by next letter


Cypress Asserations
February 11, 2020
Cypress Assertions
Assertions describe the desired state of your elements, your objects, and your application.
What makes Cypress unique from other testing tools is that commands automatically retry their assertions. In fact, they will look "downstream" at what you're expressing and modify their behavior to make your assertions pass.
You should think of assertions as guards. Use your guards to describe what your application should look like, and Cypress will automatically block, wait, and retry until it reaches that state.
Asserting in English
Let's look at how you'd describe an assertion in english:
After clicking on this <button>, I expect its class to eventually be active.
To express this in Cypress you'd write:
cy.get('button').click().should('have.class', 'active')
Here's another example.
After making an HTTP request to my server, I expect the response body to equal {name: 'Jane'}
To express this with an assertion you'd write:
cy.request('/users/1').its('body').should('deep.eq', { name: 'Jane' })
When To Assert?
Despite the dozens of assertions Cypress makes available to you, sometimes the best test may make no assertions at all! How can this be? Aren't assertions a basic part of testing?
Consider this example:
cy.visit('/home')
cy.get('.main-menu')
 .contains('New Project')
 .click()
cy.get('.title')
 .type('My Awesome Project')
cy.get('form')
 .submit()
Without a single explicit assertion, there are dozens of ways this test can fail! Here's a few:
- The initial cy.visit() could respond with something other than success.
- Any of the cy.get() commands could fail to find their elements in the DOM.
- The element we want to .click() on could be covered by another element.
- The input we want to .type() into could be disabled.
- Form submission could result in a non-success status code.
- The in-page JS (the application under test) could throw an error.
With Cypress, you don't have to assert to have a useful test. Even without assertions, a few lines of Cypress can ensure thousands of lines of code are working properly across the client and server! This is because many commands have a built in Default Assertion which offer you a high level of guarantee.
Default Assertions
Many commands have a default, built-in assertion, or rather have requirements that may cause it to fail without needing an explicit assertion you've added.
For instance:
cy.visit() expects the page to send text/html content with a 200 status code.
cy.request() expects the remote server to exist and provide a response.
cy.contains() expects the element with content to eventually exist in the DOM.
cy.get() expects the element to eventually exist in the DOM.
.find() also expects the element to eventually exist in the DOM.
.type() expects the element to eventually be in a typeable state.
.click() expects the element to eventually be in an actionable state.
.its() expects to eventually find a property on the current subject.
Certain commands may have a specific requirement that causes them to immediately fail without retrying: such as cy.request().
Others, such as DOM based commands will automatically retry and wait for their corresponding elements to exist before failing.
Even more - action commands will automatically wait for their element to reach an actionable state before failing.
All DOM based commands automatically wait for their elements to exist in the DOM. You don't need to write .should('exist') after a DOM based command, unless you chain extra .should() assertions.
Negative DOM assertions
If you chain any .should() command, the default .should('exist') is not asserted. This does not matter for most positive assertions, such as .should('have.class'), because those imply existence in the first place, but if you chain negative assertions ,such as .should('not.have.class'), they will pass even if the DOM element doesn't exist:
cy.get('.does-not-exist').should('not.be.visible')
cy.get('.does-not-exist').should('not.be.visible') // passes
cy.get('.does-not-exist').should('not.have.descendants') // passes
This also applies to custom assertions such as when passing a callback:
// passes, provided the callback itself passes
cy.get('.does-not-exist').should(($element) => { expect($element.find('input')).to.not.exist })
There's an open discussion about this behavior.
These rules are pretty intuitive, and most commands give you the flexibility to override or bypass the default ways they can fail, typically by passing a {force: true} option.
Example #1: Existence and Actionability
cy
 // there is a default assertion that this
 // button must exist in the DOM before proceeding
 .get('button')
 // before issuing the click, this button must be "actionable"
 // it cannot be disabled, covered, or hidden from view.
 .click()
Cypress will automatically wait for elements to pass their default assertions. Like with the explicit assertions you've added, all of these assertions share the same timeout values.
Example #2: Reversing the Default Assertion Most of the time, when querying for elements, you expect them to eventually exist. But sometimes you wish to wait until they don't exist.
All you have to do is add that assertion and Cypress will reverse its rules waiting for elements to exist.
// now Cypress will wait until this
// <button> is not in the DOM after the click
cy.get('button.close').click().should('not.exist')
// and now make sure this #modal does not exist in the DOM
// and automatically wait until it's gone!
cy.get('#modal').should('not.exist')
By adding .should('not.exist') to any DOM command, Cypress will reverse its default assertion and automatically wait until the element does not exist.
Example #3: Other Default Assertions
Other commands have other default assertions not related to the DOM. For instance, .its() requires that the property you're asking about exists on the object.
// create an empty object
const obj = {}
// set the 'foo' property after 1 second
setTimeout(() => {
 obj.foo = 'bar'
}, 1000)
// .its() will wait until the 'foo' property is on the object
cy.wrap(obj).its('foo')
List of Assertions
Cypress bundles Chai, Chai-jQuery, and Sinon-Chai to provide built-in assertions. You can see a comprehensive list of them in the list of assertions reference. You can also write your own assertions as Chai plugins and use them in Cypress.
Writing Assertions
There are two ways to write assertions in Cypress:
1. Implicit Subjects: Using .should() or .and().
2. Explicit Subjects: Using expect.
Implicit Subjects
Using .should() or .and() commands is the preferred way of making assertions in Cypress. These are typical Cypress commands, which means they apply to the currently yielded subject in the command chain.
// the implicit subject here is the first <tr>
// this asserts that the <tr> has an .active class
cy.get('tbody tr:first').should('have.class', 'active')
You can chain multiple assertions together using .and(), which is another name for .should() that makes things more readable:
cy.get('#header a')
 .should('have.class', 'active')
 .and('have.attr', 'href', '/users')
Because .should('have.class') does not change the subject, .and('have.attr') is executed against the same element. This is handy when you need to assert multiple things against a single subject quickly.
If we wrote this assertion in the explicit form "the long way", it would look like this:
cy.get('tbody tr:first').should(($tr) => {
 expect($tr).to.have.class('active')
 expect($tr).to.have.attr('href', '/users')
})
The implicit form is much shorter! So when would you want to use the explicit form?
Typically when you want to:
- Assert multiple things about the same subject
- Massage the subject in some way prior to making the assertion
Explicit Subjects
Using expect allows you to pass in a specific subject and make an assertion about it. This is probably how you're used to


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Beth Root
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What other names is Beth Root known by?
Birthroot, Coughroot, Ground Lily, Jew's Harp Plant, Indian Balm, Indian Shamrock, Lamb's Quarters, Lirio Americano, Milk Ipecac, Pariswort, Rattlesnake Root, Snakebite, Stinking Benjamin, Three-Leafed Nightshade, Trille Dressé, Trille Rouge, Trillium erectum, Wake Robin.
What is Beth Root?
Beth root is a plant. The root, underground stem (rhizome), and leaf are used to make medicine.
Despite safety concerns, women take beth root for heavy and painful menstrual periods. Beth root is also used for reducing swelling and for breaking up chest congestion.
Some people apply beth root directly to the skin for varicose veins, ulcers, bruises, and bleeding hemorrhoids.
Insufficient Evidence to Rate Effectiveness for...
TAKEN BY MOUTH
 - Heavy menstruation and cramps.
 - Swelling.
 - Breaking up chest congestion.
 - Other conditions.
APPLIED TO THE SKIN More evidence is needed to rate the effectiveness of beth root for these uses.
Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database rates effectiveness based on scientific evidence according to the following scale: Effective, Likely Effective, Possibly Effective, Possibly Ineffective, Likely Ineffective, and Insufficient Evidence to Rate (detailed description of each of the ratings).
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Therapeutic Research Faculty copyright
Report Problems to the Food and Drug Administration
You are encouraged to report negative side effects of prescription drugs to the FDA. Visit the FDA MedWatch website or call 1-800-FDA-1088.
Medical Dictionary


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Abstract
Little to no data exists in the literature for serum estriol values in non-pregnant, premenopausal women. The current medical community opinion holds that estriol has no significant role in non-pregnant women relative to the other estrogens. It is a possibility that estriol's primary function has yet to be discovered. Accordingly, the first step is to understand cycle-dependent serum estriol concentrations. We have made a preliminary investigation of serum estriol concentration in 26 women during the known cycle peaks of estrone and estradiol. Five of the women were also tested for serum estriol on various days throughout the cycle in order to develop a cycle-dependent concentration profile. The result of these experiments show that serum estriol was always significantly higher than the sum of estrone and estradiol and less fluctuating. We conclude that estriol is probably a significant estrogen component. (Altern Med Rev 1999;4(4):266-270.)
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text:
Dryness may sound simple, but differs that much by facial parts!
IFSCC Conference 2013, Rio de Janeiro Conference Award (Podium Presentation)
Visualization of Water Distribution in Facial Skin Using Novel High-Sensitivity Imaging Systems and Application to Cosmetics Evaluation
A two-camera system to visualize the moisture in the skin by simple photography!
System 1: Whole-face image -> Shows the parts of the face where moisture is rich or lacking
System 2: Micro-imaging of skin surface -> Shows how moisture permeates into the skin
Cosmetic shops have devices that measure moisture and skin texture by applying a skin scope on the face. Such equipment is very useful in capturing the current state of the skin, so the information can be used as reference in future skin care. These devices use electrical resistance to calculate the moisture in the face based on the state of skin texture but they do not actually measure the moisture content itself. However, in order to develop effective skin-care products, the amount of moisture needs to be calculated more accurately. The new camera systems made this possible.
We succeeded in capturing special light to photograph the moisture. Based on this finding, a system of two cameras was developed to provide wide-area images of the moisture in the face, as well as imaging of the micro area moisture, as small as a single skin grain.
This technology uses a camera that captures near-infrared rays, which are invisible to the human eye. The light we normally see is visible light. However, the light we cannot see includes ultraviolet, infrared, and far-infrared light. Of these, we used a camera that detects near-infrared light, which has a slightly longer wavelength compared to visible light.
This near-infrared ray camera shows water and oil as black in the photograph. The camera system that we have developed applies color according to the concentration of moisture and prepares a distribution diagram understandable at a glance.
Contributing to the development of cosmetics and beauty therapy that will gently moisturize and beautify the skin!
These systems help to develop new methods of skin care by investigating the effects of new products, as well as accurately tracking the state of skin dryness. For example, these systems have demonstrated and proved that lotions permeate better into the skin when applied with cotton pads rather than with hands, and that the season for the driest skin is autumn rather than winter. Unfortunately, these systems are still very expensive. If the cost goes down in the future with technology advance, you may see your own moisture distribution diagram in stores. Until then we will use them to develop moisturizing products that work gently on the skin.


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As the current plan goes, the move of an aging Titan 1 ICBM from its current location at NASA ARC to its new home next to Building 596 starts around 7:30 AM PST on 18 March 2010. This Titan 1 was brought to ARC in 1969 and was used in a variety of tests to study buffeting of launch vehicles during atmospheric ascent. The rocket has been sitting outside since the early 1980s as an exhibit next to the (former) Ames visitor's center.
A team has been assembled that will restore this rocket and upgrade it to serve as an educational tool as well as a smallsat payload integration testbed - much in keeping with its original appearance at Ames 41 years ago. This project will be undertaken at NASA Ames Research Center at Building 596 aka "McMoons" where the Lunar Orbiter Image Recovery Project (LOIRP) has been under way for 2 years.
The Titan 1 team includes SpaceRef Interactive Inc., SkyCorp Inc, and the Challenger Center for Space Science Education. The intent is to involve a wide range of local groups and citizens of all ages in this project in a crowd-sourced, participatory exploration format.


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User is looking for details regarding meter accuracy from data sheets, %rdg + %FS
Technical data sheets
The meaning of %rdg + %FS is % Reading + % Full Scale.
- Here is a quick example of the application of this method of calculating the potential error range for a current reading:
Let's say we have a situation where:
* The meter under consideration is an ION 7350 which specifies the accuracy of the current reading in the datasheet as 0.25% of reading + 0.05% of full scale as can be seen excerpt from an old meter datasheet immediately below.
- * The meter is wired to the electrical system using CTs of the ratio 200:5
* The meter is reading a primary current value of 103.85 A
How would one calculate the expected error bound of this meter reading?
In order to make the calculation, we need a value for the full scale current. The specification of the current inputs to the meter shows the following data at another place in the datasheet:
Thus, the full scale value of the meter reading would be 10A on the input * the CT ratio which is 200 / 5 = 400 A.
So now the calculation of the error is as follows:
potential reading error = 0.25% of reading + 0.05% of full scale = 0.25% of 103.85 A + 0.05% of 400A = 0025 x 103.85 + 0.0005 x 400 = 0.259625 + 0.2 = 0.46
So when the meter reads 103.85 Amperes, the potential error of that reading is +/- 0.46 A.
NOTE: For the sake of simplicity, the above calculation excludes the potential error introduced into the measurement system by the instrument transformer. Naturally, the instrument transformer has an accuracy rating of its own. The error of that instrument would be added to the of the meter. Thus if the instrument transformers error rating was +/- 5 % of reading, this number would be added to value already calculated. In this case, a reading of 103.85 A would have an error of +/- 5.19 A. Thus combined error for current readings of the entire measurement system (i.e. the combination or the CTs and the ION meter) would be 0.46 + 5.19 = +/-5.65 A.


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OpenSPIM stage control
Controlling the stage is accomplished primarily through µManager's live window: after a pixel size has been provided, the user can simply click and drag across the display to change the view accordingly. The scroll wheel is used for depth/focus movement. The OpenSPIM software provides an additional dimension of control in the rotational motor: holding the Alt key while moving the mouse side-to-side will cause the sample to be rotated about a previously-determined axis.
Alternative for precise control
Alternatively, the stage controls tab of the OpenSPIM plugin can be used to move to specific locations.


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Title: "Exploring the Enigmatic ca185: An Unveiling of its Origins, Significance, and Impact"
In the realm of historical mysteries, few things captivate the imagination as much as the enigmatic symbol "ca185." Often dismissed as a mere combination of letters and numbers, this cryptic code holds a deeper meaning and significance that has intrigued researchers and historians alike. In this article, we will embark on a journey to unravel the origins, decipher the purpose, and explore the impact of ca185.
Origins of ca185:
The first step towards understanding ca185 is to uncover its origins. While its exact genesis remains shrouded in mystery, speculation suggests that it might be a clandestine code used by secret societies or a symbol of an ancient civilization. Some theorists propose that ca185 could be a time reference, possibly indicating a significant event that occurred in the year 185. However, without concrete evidence, these theories remain purely speculative.
Significance and Interpretations:
The significance of ca185 extends beyond its origins, as it has garnered attention for its potential interpretations. Some argue that it represents a forgotten language or script, waiting to be deciphered. Others believe that ca185 holds a symbolic meaning, representing hidden knowledge or a secret message. The possibilities are endless, and researchers continue to delve into various disciplines such as linguistics, cryptography, and archaeology to unlock its true significance.
To gain a comprehensive understanding of ca185, it is essential to examine the historical context in which it emerged. By studying the era surrounding the speculated origins of ca185, historians can attempt to connect it to specific events, movements, or ideologies that might provide clues to its meaning. By analyzing relevant historical sources and records, researchers hope to shed light on the context in which ca185 was conceived and its potential relevance to that period.
Notable References and Encounters:
Throughout history, there have been sporadic references to ca185, further fueling interest and curiosity. For instance, in the diaries of an obscure explorer from the 19th century, there are cryptic entries mentioning encounters with an esoteric symbol resembling ca185. Additionally, art historians have identified similar patterns in ancient artwork, suggesting that this symbol might have transcended time and cultures, hinting at a universal meaning or relevance.
The Impact of ca185:
Despite the lack of concrete information, the impact of ca185 cannot be understated. Its mystique has inspired numerous works of literature, art, and even music. Writers have incorporated ca185 into their narratives, attributing it to hidden treasures, lost civilizations, or secret societies. Artists have created captivating visual representations, exploring the intricate patterns and symbolism embedded within ca185. It has become a muse for creativity and a symbol of intrigue and fascination.
In conclusion, the symbol ca185 continues to captivate individuals from various fields of study, beckoning them to unlock its secrets. Its origins remain elusive, and its significance open to interpretation. Yet, it is undeniable that ca185 has left an indelible mark on history and culture. Whether it is a forgotten language, a coded message, or a symbol of something greater, the enigma of ca185 persists, inviting future generations to embark on their own quests for understanding and discovery.


What is his purpose and why does Steinbeck put Noah in The Grapes of Wrath?
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Posted on (Answer #1)
Functionally and superficially, Noah has several roles. We can also look at his character thematically.
Functionally, Noah is the eldest son and so should hold a certain position of authority in the family. He does not fulfill the role assigned to this position however as he is tempermentally incapable of doing so. He is just not a leader. In this way, Tom becomes the leader of his generation, having overcome this formal obstacle.
(Formal obstacles and arbitrary hurdles often seem to get between Tom and his goals. Overcoming them is part of his development and part of what makes him the protagonist of the novel.)
Superficially, Noah's presence brings the family number up to twelve (Ma, Pa, Uncle John, Noah, Tom, Rose of Sharon, Connie, Al, Winfield, Ruthie, Granpa, Granma). This has a Biblical resonance when considered alongside the presence of the preacher, Casy.
Thematically, Noah is an example of how the family breaks up under stress as well as under more overtly physical demands.
When [Tom] tells her about Noah, Ma feels the "family's fallin' apart."
Death and despair reduce the family to eight by the time the Joads leave their first camp in California. Noah represents some of this despair, saying that he is "sad" and has to stay by the river.
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Home / Commentary / Closing Arguments: Is Wisconsin's collateral-source rule worth preserving?
Closing Arguments: Is Wisconsin's collateral-source rule worth preserving?
BACKGROUND: Wisconsin lawmakers this year are once again giving serious consideration to eliminating the state's collateral-source rule, a doctrine that has been around in Wisconsin for nearly a century and whose roots extend into common law.
The rule plays a particularly important role in personal-injury cases. Many times, health insurers will negotiate reductions in the amount billed on behalf of their insurees, creating a situation in which the amount paid by the insurer on behalf of an injured party is less than the amount billed by the provider.
The current collateral-source rules bars evidence of such reductions from being admitted in court. Lawyers are instead allowed only to introduce medical bills listing the amounts that were charged before being lowered through negotiations.
Opponents of the rule argue that it allows plaintiffs to recover "phantom damages." In other words, when defense lawyers are barred from showing that health insurers were able to secure cost reductions, plaintiffs are able to win more than they actually should.
Proponents, in contrast, argue that eliminating the collateral-source rule would do nothing more than benefit a perhaps underserving party: namely, a defendant who has been lucky enough to have injured someone who happens to have good health insurance.
Collateral-source rule outdated, unfair, should not be preserved
Paul Curtis
Wisconsin's collateral source rule is not worth preserving in its current form. In my opinion, the rule is outdated and flawed because it promotes deceit and injustice.
Jurors are charged with the serious and solemn task of deciding the fates of plaintiffs and defendants in a court of law. Our legal system demands that jurors seriously and thoughtfully consider all of the evidence and then render a fair and truthful verdict. "Let your verdict speak the truth, whatever that truth may be." Wis JI-Civil 190.
In a personal injury case, the jurors are charged with determining fault and money damages. However, under the current collateral-source rule, jurors are not entrusted with truthful, accurate information relating to medical expenses.
For nearly a century, Wisconsin jurors have been told to assume that the "truth" is that a plaintiff's reasonable medical expenses are reflected in the amount of services billed; i.e., the "sticker price." Of course, the truth is that the plaintiff's actual medical expenses are typically a fraction of the amount billed.
So why does Wisconsin law follow the collateral-source rule? The purported equitable policy is that the tortfeasor should not be relieved of his or her obligation to the victim simply because the injured party had the foresight to purchase insurance, and enjoy the benefits thereof.
However, the policy fails to account for the fact that automobile-liability insurance is now mandatory in Wisconsin. Even in non-auto accident cases, insurance companies often pay the verdict or settlement amounts. Tortfeasors are rarely held personally liable for the injured party's expenses.
Another policy set forth in the case law is that the collateral-source rule deters negligent conduct. I respectfully disagree. I am semi-confident that not a single human being has ever contemplated the effects of the collateral-source rule before committing a negligent act.
The policies, and the rule, are flawed and outdated. Other states that have done away with the collateral-source rule have found that it is unfair. Those foreign courts have reasoned that the defendant or tortfeasor should not be held liable for medical expenses that were never paid or actually incurred by the plaintiff. To impose liability on the defendant for those unpaid medical expenses is simply unfair and unjustified.
Wisconsin's collateral-source rule should be modified to permit jurors to consider both the amount billed and the amount paid when determining a plaintiff's reasonable medical expenses. A jury verdict cannot reasonably "speak the truth" if it based on inaccurate and incomplete facts.
The common goal is to reach a fair verdict such that an injured party is justly compensated and made whole — to the extent that money can achieve that goal. Defense lawyers and insurance companies are often unfairly portrayed as the enemy.
We are not the enemy. We have no interest in seeing a party, who is legitimately injured through no fault of their own, go uncompensated.
We too want justice to be served but we want it served on a level playing field. The collateral-source rule should be modified so as to be transparent with the jury regarding the actual medical expenses charged and paid.
We should trust the jury to weigh and consider all of the evidence and to reach a fair and truthful verdict.
Paul Curtis is a partner and liability-defense lawyer at Axley Brynelson.
Collateral-source 'cure' worse than supposed disease
Robert Jaskulski
Robert Jaskulski
Those calling for changes to Wisconsin's long-held "collateral-source rule" suggest that it is "unfair" to allow injured parties to collect more than their out-of-pocket losses by allowing for recovery of the value of medical services provided.
In reality, legislation eliminating the collateral-source rule would lead to a sea change in the manner in which recoverable damages are determined by juries. The result would be unfair treatment for injured consumers, their health insurers and Wisconsin taxpayers.
Lawmakers' currently proposed bill would allow into evidence much more than just amounts paid by health insurers. As drafted, it in fact allows for the introduction of evidence of "any compensation for bodily injury received from a source other than the defendant to compensate the claimant for the injury. …"
Consequently, the collateral-source rule will no longer be an impediment to the introduction of disability-insurance recoveries or life-insurance recoveries, which might be submitted in an attempt to reduce a defendant's financial responsibility.
How is it remotely "fair" for negligent parties to reduce their legal responsibility to fairly compensate the one they injured or killed by allowing into evidence the fact that the plaintiff was responsible enough to carry decent medical, disability or life insurance?
The unfairness of the proposed change is best illustrated by language in the bill that prohibits the introduction of "amounts paid or incurred by the claimant in recovering payment from a source other than the defendant." One cannot logically or fairly argue on the one hand that the jury is entitled to know the "true" economic loss suffered by an injured party, and on the other hand argue it is appropriate to preclude the introduction of the costs incurred by the injured party in procuring adequate medical, disability or life-insurance benefits.
The bill will inevitably result in reduced recovery by health insurers and, in cases involving Medicaid payouts, the state of Wisconsin. Anyone handling personal-injury litigation understands that subrogation liens are negotiated according to factors that include the total amount of money recovered in settlement by the plaintiff.
When that pool of money is reduced, which will inevitably occur when the plaintiff is not allowed to recover the full value of past medical expenses, all interested parties, including subrogated insurers and the state, will recover less from the wrongdoer. Pursuant to the ratio approach established by the U.S. Supreme Court in Albhorn, 547 U.S. 268 (2006), Medicaid subrogation recoveries will be significantly affected.
Shifting responsibility for the harm caused by negligent parties from property and casualty insurers to health insurers and taxpayers is bad public policy.
Finally, changing the law in the manner suggested will significantly increase costs to health care providers, who will now be called upon at trial to justify their billings and their contractually reduced insurance recoveries. In addition, health insurers will be forced to testify about the reasons for their reduced payments.
Increasing the cost and complexity of litigation in this manner makes no sense in an age when health care and health insurance costs are ever on the rise.
Robert Jaskulski is a shareholder and personal-injury lawyer at Habush, Habush & Rottier.
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Skip to definition.
Noun: factoid 'fak,toyd
 1. Something resembling a fact; unverified (often invented) information that is given credibility because it appeared in print
 2. A brief (usually one sentence and usually trivial) news item
Derived forms: factoids
Type of: info, information, news item
Encyclopedia: Factoid


text:
Has government expanded significantly? > Check the facts
Who: The size of the Commonwealth government 'has expanded significantly' according to the terms of reference for the National Commission of Audit.
The claim: In the preamble to the terms of reference Treasurer Joe Hockey and Finance Minister Mathias Corman said that there had not been a thorough review of the 'scope, efficiency and functions of the Commonwealth government [since 1996]. During this time the size of the Commonwealth government has expanded significantly, as has the remit of some of its activities'.
The facts: The last National Commission of Audit was in 1996. The size of the government since then can be measured using government payments or outlays using official figures. The latest available figures were published in the Economic Statement in August 2013 just prior to the election and those figures are presented in the following graph.
The finding: It is not possible to discern any significant upward trend in the graph and by this measure government is 'smaller' in 2013 than in 1996.
Discussion of evidence: Downturns in the economy tend to increase the government share in GDP since the growth in GDP itself slows down and governments tend to respond with stimulatory spending packages. For example the increase in spending in 2000-01 was rationalised in the 2001-02 budget papers in the following terms:
The government has provided a moderate stimulus in the 2001-02 Budget through targeted tax reductions, discretionary spending and by allowing the Budget to respond to the temporary slowdown in economic growth … This is an appropriate policy response to recent economic developments.
Changes in the size of the government since 1990 have reflected:
- The 'recession we had to have' during the Hawke government,
- The downturn around 2000, and
- The downturn associated with the global financial crisis beginning in 2008.


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Content Currency Date: July 2014 to July 2015
On January 2, 2012, President Obama signed the American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012 (ATRA) into law. Although ATRA raised income taxes for high-income individuals, it avoided tax rate increases for middle income taxpayers. ATRA also made many extensions of or modifications to existing law. In other instances, it reinstated many provisions for 2012 that were about to expire and extended them through 2013 and, in a few cases beyond. This course is an overview providing reference to selected individual, energy business, retirement, and estate tax provisions enacted or indexed for inflation by ATRA. The resulting major tax changes carry special meaning to the tax practitioner and return preparer. The course is intended to be a resource for tax professionals and staff alike to gain easy access to the most important major changes enacted by ATRA.
Who Should Attend: CPAs
After reading the materials, participants will be able to:
1. Recognize changes imposed by the American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012 (ATRA) relating to individual income taxes by identifying modified tax rates, defining AMT phaseout limits, and showing the how tax credits and deductions work, including education, adoption, and energy credits.
2. Identify key ATRA business provisions, including bonus depreciation, expensing, the work opportunity credit, leasehold and restaurant property improvements, FICA and SECA taxes, and S corporation developments.
3. List retirement plans stating how they were affected by ATRA, including contribution limits and phaseout limits. Recognize the implications of changes to estate, generation-skipping transfer, and gift taxes noting various affected scenarios.
Level: Basic to Intermediate
Format: Self Study
Instructional Method: Interactive
Field of Study: Accounting
Course ID: DP-629.14
NASBA Course ID: QAS-DP-629.14
NASBA Sponsor ID: 112552
Program Prerequisites: Basic Accounting
Advanced Preparation: None
CPE Hours: 2
Instructor: Delta Publishing


text: Wrap advertising or a Vehicle Wrap is the term used in the marketing practice of completely or partially covering (wrapping) a vehicle in an advertisement or livery. The result of this process is essentially a mobile billboard. Wrap advertising can be achieved by painting a vehicle's outer surface, but an increasingly ubiquitous practice in the 21st century involves the use of large vinyl sheets as "decals." The vinyl sheets can be removed with relative ease, drastically reducing the costs associated with changing advertisements. While vehicles with large, flat surfaces (such as buses and light-rail carriages) are often utilised due to ease, cars can also serve as hosts for wrap advertising, despite consisting of more curved surfaces.