text:
PEAT HYPERTHERMIA THERAPY (PHTD) THERAPY
Why you would use this therapy?
The answer to that is why would you not want to use this therapy?
PHDT is a passive therapy which means you don't do anything but relax while receiving it. It is carried out using a rare and amazing peat mud that has been formed over tens of thousands of years. The result is a substance infused with a rich collection of flora, minerals, trace elements and organic substances such as amino acids, volatile oils, waxes and resins, vitamins, enzymes and natural antibiotics. Amazingly, the mud just drops off when the treatment is completed in the bath, leaving your skin fantastically soft.
- Natural passive detoxification of deep tissue and fat cells
- Increased circulation promoting regeneration
- Reduced inflammation of the whole body
- Enhanced immune system
- Passive lymphatic stimulation
- Aids removal of chemicals and heavy metals.
- Decreases stress
- Relieves pain
- Soothes aching muscles
- Promotes hormone balance
- Enhances damaged tissue repair
- Safe and effective passive treatment
- Not tested on animals
Safe, natural and effective treatment
Peat Hyperthermia Detox Therapy is a highly beneficial treatment that can be used for a variety of conditions as it aids the elimination of highly damaging toxins and waste products from the body's cells and tissues, resulting in improvement of overall cell and organ function and an increased ability of the body to heal itself.
Supports the following symptoms:
- Back pain
- Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy
- Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
- Chronic Gout
- Gynaecological Disorders
- Metabolic Disorders
- Muscle Tension
- Acute Hypertension
- Open wounds
- Pre-existing high fever
The following, if not under medical supervision:
- Diabetes mellitus
- Respiratory insufficiency
- Neurological disorders
- Orthopaedic Disorders
- Post-operative rehabilitation
- Premenstrual syndrome
- Rheumatic Arthritis
- Skin care
- Stress relief
- Viral Infections
- Weight loss
Dr Zayd Ratansi
Dr Ratansi is a well known Canadian Naturopath who has truly large clinics in Vancouver and Palm Springs. His research into this amazing therapy is thoroughly comprehensive and he has for the last ten years been achieving remarkable results at his clinics using the Peat Hyperthermia Detox Therapy and Oxygen combined with nutrients.
What to Expect when having PHDT at the Natural Wellbeing Detox Clinic:
- Elanra Air Optimisation will be in process in the clinic from when you arrive.
- You will be required to fill out a questionnaire unless you are already receiving treatment at the clinic.
- You will be given a Green Smoothie to drink.
- Followed by a natural supplement called Cellogie. This special supplement is processed in a manner that mimics snowflakes. Under the correct humidity and pressure the crystals come together and attach and integrate themselves into one central sphere. This method means that Cellogie requires no insipients or capsule coating to hold it together. Like snowflakes it just dissolves in the mouth allowing fast assimilation and absorption. There are two parts: the grey ball is designed to increase cellular protection and assist the detoxification, the brown ball to increase the intake of natural micronutrients such as vitamins and trace minerals and aid circulation. It is 100% natural.
- You receive an Electrolyte drink to replace any minerals you may lose during the treatment.
- Your temperature and pulse will be monitored before, during and after treatment.
- You will prepare for and enter the mud bath which you will be in for between 8-12 minutes until your appropriate body temperature is achieved.
- You will then transfer to a couch where you will be swathed in layers of bedding.
- Water will available during your treatment.
- The Avalon LED face mask will be placed over your eyes, but not touching, to enhance the treatment and remains on for 20 minutes.
- You will be left to perspire after this for a period suitable to your treatment.
- You dry yourself but do not shower and you should remain away from draughts for this period. In winter please bring adequate warm clothing for use when leaving the clinic.
- You will be given a further Green Smoothie to drink before leaving. These are made using an Infinity Blender.
- Should you require information on this or any other health-promoting equipment used during your therapy please ask your practioner.
- You should shower between one hour and three hours after treatment to remove any residual toxins remaining on your body.
Heat Hyperthermia Therapists
Both therapists trained with Dr Zayd Ratansi and received his Peat Hyperthermia Detox Therapy Diploma.
- Ann Knott ND
- Brian James
If you have a preference for a female or male therapist this can be accommodated at your request.


text:
- Walk around the ruins of medieval Dunwich. Why are these buildings ruins?
- Look for the signs of the past. Take in the beautiful view. Can you imagine the lost city just out of sight?
- What was life like for the inhabitants of the busy medieval town?
- Borrow our Role Play props and hats to help your children bring the medieval town to life.
- Download our Medieval Role Play plan. Ask us about having Sister Luke, a C13 nun to guide you. Or download our maps to plot what you see on your walk around the sleepy village looking for the traces of a very different past.
- Download our Gingerbread sheet for recording thoughts and sensations.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


EN
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How to: Perform Input Validation in WCF
patterns & practices Developer Center
Applies To
 - Microsoft Windows Communication Foundation (WCF) 3.5
 - Microsoft .NET Framework 3.5
 - Microsoft Visual Studio 2008
Summary
This how-to article shows you how to perform input and data validation on parameters in WCF operations. The article shows you how to create a custom parameter inspector that can be used to validate input on both the server and the client.
Contents
Objectives
 - Learn how to create a custom parameter inspector to validate parameters in the operations of the service.
 - Learn how to create a custom endpoint behavior that will consume the parameter inspector.
 - Learn how to create a custom configuration element that will allow exposing of the custom endpoint behavior in the configuration file.
Overview
Input and data validation represents one important line of defense in the protection of your WCF application. You should validate all parameters exposed in WCF service operations to protect the service from attack by a malicious client. Conversely, you should also validate all return values received by the client to protect the client from attack by a malicious service.
WCF provides different extensibility points that allow you to customize the WCF runtime behavior by creating custom extensions. Message Inspectors and Parameter Inspectors are two extensibility mechanisms used to gain greater control over the data passing between a client and a service. You should use parameter inspectors for input validation and use message inspectors only when you need to inspect the entire message flowing in and out of a service.
To perform input validation, you will build a .NET class and implement a custom parameter inspector in order to validate parameters on operations in your service. You will then implement a custom endpoint behavior to enable validation on both the client and the service. Finally, you will implement a custom configuration element on the class that allows you to expose the extended custom endpoint behavior in the configuration file of the service or the client.
For the purpose of this how-to article, you will create a WCF Service with wsHttpBinding and host it in IIS.
Summary of Steps
 - Step 1: Create a Sample WCF Service
 - Step 2: Create a Windows Class Library for Parameter Validation
 - Step 3: Create a Class That Implements the Validation Logic
 - Step 4: Create a Class That Implements a Custom Endpoint Behavior
 - Step 5: Create a Class That Implements a Custom Configuration Element
 - Step 6: Add the Custom Behavior to the Configuration File
 - Step 7: Create an Endpoint Behavior and Map It to Use the Custom Behavior
 - Step 8: Configure the Service Endpoint to Use the Endpoint Behavior
 - Step 9: Test the Parameter Validator
Step 1: Create a Sample WCF Service
In this step, you create a WCF service in Visual Studio, hosted in an Internet Information Services (IIS) virtual directory.
 1. In Visual Studio, on the File menu, click New Web Site.
 2. In the New Web Site dialog box, in the Templates section, select WCF Service. Make sure that the Location is set to Http.
 3. In the New Web Site dialog box, set the new Web site address to http://localhost/WCFTestParameterValidation and then click OK.
 4. By default, your WCF service will be configured to use wsHttpBinding binding with message security and Windows Authentication. Verify that your web.config configuration file looks as follows:

 …
 <services>
 <service name="Service" behaviorConfiguration="ServiceBehavior">
 <!-- Service Endpoints -->
 <endpoint address="" binding="wsHttpBinding" contract="IService">
 <identity>
 <dns value="localhost"/>
 </identity>
 </endpoint>
 <endpoint address="mex" binding="mexHttpBinding" contract="IMetadataExchange"/>
 </service>
 </services>
 …

Step 2: Create a Windows Class Library for Parameter Validation
In this step, you create a Microsoft Windows class library project that will include three classes for the custom parameter validation:
 - One class to implement the parameter validation logic
 - A second class to implement the endpoint behavior that will use the custom parameter class
 - A third class to implement a behavior extension so that the validator will be visible in the service and client configuration files
Perform the following steps:
 1. Open a new instance of Visual Studio, leaving your WCF service solution open.
 2. In the new instance of Visual Studio, on the File menu, click New and then click Project.
 3. Expand Visual C#, click Windows, and then select Class Library.
 4. In the Name field, type MyParameterValidator and then click OK.
 5. In the Solution Explorer, right click References, click Add Reference, click the .NET tab, select System.ServiceModel, and then click OK.
 6. In the Solution Explorer, right-click References, click Add Reference, click the .NET tab, select System.Configuration, and then click OK.
 7. Open the Class1.cs file and rename the class name from Class1 to Validation.
 8. Add the following using statements to the top of the Class1.cs file.

 using System.Configuration;
 using System.ServiceModel;
 using System.ServiceModel.Configuration;
 using System.ServiceModel.Description;
 using System.ServiceModel.Dispatcher;

Step 3: Create a Class That Implements the Validation Logic
In this step, you create a new class, derived from IParameterInspector, to implement the validation logic.
The newly created class has the following characteristics:
 - It implements AfterCall() and BeforeCall() methods.
 - When used as part of the service, BeforeCall() will be invoked before the parameters are dispatched to the service operation. AfterCall() will be invoked after the service has processed the call and is returning a response to the client. Use BeforeCall() to validate your input parameters and AfterCall() to validate your output parameters.
 - When used as part of the client, BeforeCall() will be invoked before calling the service, and AfterCall() before the service's response is dispatched to the client code. Use AfterCall() to validate the response from the service, and BeforeCall() to validate the return from the service.
This example uses simple validation logic to check if the parameter passed to the operation is within the values 1 and 5. If the validation fails, an exception is thrown with the Validation Input Error message.
Perform the following steps:
 1. Open the Class1.cs file and rename the class name from Class1 to Validation. Click Yes in the dialog box that appears.
 2. Add the following using statements to the top of the Validation.cs file:

 using System.ServiceModel;
 using System.ServiceModel.Dispatcher;

 3. Add the following code to implement the AfterCall method in the ValidationParameterInspector class:

 public class ValidationParameterInspector : IParameterInspector
 {
 public void AfterCall(string operationName, object[] outputs, object returnValue, object correlationState)
 {

 if (operationName == "GetData")
 {
 for (int index = 0; index < outputs.Length; index++)
 {
 if (index == 0)
 {

 // execute the method level validators
 if (((int)outputs[index] < 0) || ((int)outputs[index] > 5))
 throw new FaultException("Your Error Message");
 }

 }

 }
 }
 }

 4. Add the following code to implement the BeforeCall method in the ValidationParameterInspector class:

 public class ValidationParameterInspector : IParameterInspector
 {
 public void AfterCall(string operationName, object[] outputs, object returnValue, object correlationState)
 {
 …

 }

 public object BeforeCall(string operationName, object[] inputs)
 {

 if (operationName == "GetData")
 {

 for (int index = 0; index < inputs.Length ; index++)
 {
 if(index==0)
 {
 // execute the method level validators
 if (((int)inputs[index]<0) || ((int)inputs[index] > 5))
 throw new FaultException("Validation Input Error");
 }

 }

 }

 return null;
 }
 }

Step 4: Create a Class That Implements a Custom Endpoint Behavior
In this step, you create a new class, derived from IEndpointBehavior, that implements a custom endpoint behavior.
The newly created class has the following characteristics:
 - It implements ApplyClientBehavior() to add the ValidationParamaterInspector to the client operation and enable client-side validation.
 - It implements ApplyDispatchBehavior() to add the ValidationParameterInspector to the dispatch operation and enable service-side validation.
 - It verifies that it is enabled in the configuration before adding the ValidationParameterInspector to the client or dispatch run time.
Perform the following step:
 - Copy the following code snippet and paste it into the Class1.cs file, inside the Validation class that already exists:

 class ValidationBehavior : IEnd


Farmers Receive No-Interest Loans To Help Overcome Pandemic Losses
WAMC, May 14, 2020
Several farms in western Massachusetts have been thrown a financial lifeline as they look to build back their business during the pandemic.
Community Involved in Sustaining Agriculture announced this week that no-interest loans totaling $183,000 have made to 13 farms. Applications for additional loans from a revolving emergency fund will be taken starting June 1. WAMC's Pioneer Valley Bureau Chief Paul Tuthill spoke with CISA Executive Director Philip Korman.
Farms are considered — they need to be essential businesses in any pandemic or non-pandemic situation because our farms are growing the food that we can put on our tables and feed our families. What really did impact farms was other sectors of the economy that needed to shut down. So farms lost markets when it came to restaurants, when it came to institutions and colleges, and even our winter farmers markets closed down because they were inside spaces, and that was in February and we had not yet figured out how to do things safely when it came to purchasing food.
So how does the emergency fund help in this situation?
So the emergency farm fund which has been around now since the end of 2011 provides no interest loans to farms, and farms don't have to pay any part of it back for the first six months. So it's providing loans in conjunction with the Franklin County CDC, ranging from $5000 to $25,000. So, it's enabling farms to keep going even though they have bills to pay as they figure out the new markets, and as we start heading into the growing season in a serious way.
Will the opening of the farmers' markets and the farm stands, will that help?
It will certainly help a lot of farms when they are able to sell directly to their neighbors and a lot of farms are based on those markets. So when farms open up their farm stands—and by the way, right now there are a lot of farms that do have small farm stores like small grocery stores, and that domain of what they can grow and sell has increased. So it's giving–these loans are giving farmers a chance to shift their focus and their attention to try to open up new markets and sell more to the markets they have already. You know, I think a lot of us are realizing that it's been our local neighbors who are farmers who are making the difference for us and feeding our families during this epidemic. And the supply chain of when that strawberry or asparagus is picked that gets to our table, so many fewer hands are touching that produce. I just hope that all of us are focusing on our farms right now and understand how deeply dependent we are on their good work that they do every day.
How many farms were helped out in this latest round, and what are your plans for the emergency farm fund for the future?
So, the emergency farm fund for COVID-19, we were able to do, 13 farms received loans totaling over $180,000. We're going to open up the fund for a second round starting June 1st. And applications will be due by June 22nd. And we anticipate that we might spend the remaining $220,000 in no interest loans then.
Where does the money for the fun come from?
The money from the fund comes from, in terms of CISA from the community. We've raised that money from amazing members of the community who understand how important our local food supply is, how important it is our neighbors who are farmers. So CISA is providing 150,000 of the total $400,000 the Franklin County CDC which has been an amazing partner in this round of emergency farm fund. They've had investors who had set up The Pioneer Valley Grows Investor Fund. And those monies are coming from that investment fund.
Now, this is the first time that this emergency fund has been used for a non-weather related emergency. So did the criteria change for getting a loan?
It's accurate to say that this is the first pandemic we've experienced to this degree and 100 years and every single farm—business has been impacted. So we have opened it up for all farms to apply. We do ask them to say how they've been impacted. But the criteria otherwise it's the same in the past. It was a single weather event and you would just show why Hurricane Irene impacted your farm. So in a way, it's the same you're showing how COVID-19 has impacted your farm.
And these are farms all up and down the valley, right? It's not just one region?
Correct. It's the three-county area of Hampshire, Hamden and Franklin counties and the range of farms included farms that focused on maple syrup, or flowers, or vegetables, or hard cider, or mushrooms, or fruit. It was it was a wide range of farms that applied.
And I think you mentioned this but, you're going to be taking applications again beginning when?
Applications will be taken again starting on June 1st, and all the information will be up before then at via


text:
An analysis of Lake Victoria vegetation and shoreline monitoring data
This report investigates the vegetation and shoreline sediment monitoring data collected at Lake Victoria (1998-present). The dataset was analysed to: investigate if any overall changes in vegetation or sediment erosion and deposition have occurred over time and space; assess the effect of hydrologic regime on five target species of shoreline vegetation and on shoreline erosion and deposition; and to assess whether the presence of vegetation reduces erosion and promotes deposition.
Tagged as: Monitoring
Publishing date: 08 March 2013

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
I attended an engagement party where the couple was toasted, but I don't drink alcohol, so used my water glass with which to toast. My husband thinks that for the toast, I should have had a glass of champagne in hand, and just pretend to drink. What is the protocol for toasting, any other tips?
Dear Faux Pas,
You were fine with toasting with the water glass. When a toast is given, everyone, except the one being toasted, should take part with any glass handy, even an empty one is better than not toasting at all.
Basic tips for toasting are:
1. If you are the guest of honor being toasted, while the toast is being made, do not stand and do not drink to the toast.
2. If you are the guest of honor being toasted, after the toast is made, then you can stand and say thank you to the one who gave you the toast.
3. The first toast should be made by the host.
4. The one offering the toast should stand.
5. The one offering the toast should keep the speech simple and brief, and indicate the end of the toast by raising the glass and saying something such as "Cheers!"
6. Other guests should always take part in a toast using whatever glass is handy.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
In-situ instrumentation is needed that can withstand the harsh environments imposed by planetary atmospheres in order to make advancements in solar system exploration. Technologies that can withstand the corrosive/caustic gases, radiation levels, stresses, and high temperatures and pressures, while still producing reliable, real-time data are a major facilitator for planetary missions. To address this need, Sporian is developing a harsh environment pressure sensor targeted toward the Glenn Extreme Environment Rig (GEER) and future Venus probe spacecraft. The proposed technology will be beneficial to NASA's planetary science mission by facilitating, environmental chamber testing/validation, and pressure measurements in the Venus atmosphere and on the surface. The Phase I effort focused on heavily leveraging prior harsh environment, in-situ instrumentation development and, with input from current/prior NASA partners, successfully constructing and characterizing prototype sensor suites. Phase II efforts will include: continuing to work with stakeholders to guide technology development; developing processes and design required to realize next generation sensors; multiple generations of prototyping; and application environment relevant testing.
A harsh environment sensor that can provide real-time pressure information has the potential to provide major advancements in planetary science. The technology will target the Glenn Extreme Environment Rig and its capability to mimic planetary conditions such as those on Venus, but be directly applicable to both current and future NASA programs/directorates, and facilitate innovations in vehicle performance monitoring, environmental testing, and atmospheric characterization of planetary bodies.
Aero propulsion turbine engines would benefit significantly by having an on engine pressure sensor for monitoring turbine engine conditions. Additional potential market areas include: marine propulsion, rail locomotives, land based power generation turbines, automotive, oil and gas refining, nuclear power generation, concentrating solar power systems, and government and academic laboratories.


Truth table
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
A truth table is a mathematical table used in logic—specifically in connection with Boolean algebra, boolean functions, and propositional calculus—which sets out the functional values of logical expressions on each of their functional arguments, that is, for each combination of values taken by their logical variables (Enderton, 2001). In particular, truth tables can be used to show whether a propositional expression is true for all legitimate input values, that is, logically valid.
A truth table has one column for each input variable (for example, A and B), and one final column showing all of the possible results of the logical operation that the table represents (for example, A XOR B). Each row of the truth table contains one possible configuration of the input variables (for instance, A=true B=false), and the result of the operation for those values. See the examples below for further clarification. Ludwig Wittgenstein is often credited with inventing the truth table in his Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus,[1] though it appeared at least a year earlier in a paper on propositional logic by Emil Leon Post.[2]
Unary operations[edit]
There are 4 unary operations:
 - Always true
 - Never true, unary falsum
 - Unary Identity
 - Unary negation
Logical true[edit]
The output value is always true, regardless of the input value of p
Logical True
p T
T T
F T
Logical false[edit]
The output value is never true: that is, always false, regardless of the input value of p
Logical False
p F
T F
F F
Logical identity[edit]
Logical identity is an operation on one logical value p, for which the output value remains p.
The truth table for the logical identity operator is as follows:
Logical Identity
p p
T T
F F
Logical negation[edit]
Logical negation is an operation on one logical value, typically the value of a proposition, that produces a value of true if its operand is false and a value of false if its operand is true.
The truth table for NOT p (also written as ¬p, Np, Fpq, or ~p) is as follows:
Logical Negation
p ¬p
T F
F T
Binary operations[edit]
There are 16 possible truth functions of two binary variables:
Truth table for all binary logical operators[edit]
Here is an extended truth table giving definitions of all 16 of the possible truth functions of two binary variables (P and Q are thus boolean variables: information about notation may be found in Bocheński (1959), Enderton (2001), and Quine (1982); for details about the operators see the Key below):
P Q F0 NOR1 Xq2 ¬p3 4 ¬q5 XOR6 NAND7 AND8 XNOR9 q10 if/then11 p12 then/if13 OR14 T15
T T F F F F F F F F T T T T T T T T
T F F F F F T T T T F F F F T T T T
F T F F T T F F T T F F T T F F T T
F F F T F T F T F T F T F T F T F T
Com
L id F F T T T,F T F
R id F F T T T,F T F
where T = true and F = false. The Com row indicates whether an operator, op, is commutative - P op Q = Q op P. The L id row shows the operator's left identities if it has any - values I such that I op Q = Q. The R id row shows the operator's right identities if it has any - values I such that P op I = P.[note 1]
The four combinations of input values for p, q, are read by row from the table above. The output function for each p, q combination, can be read, by row, from the table.
Key:
The following table is oriented by column, rather than by row. There are four columns rather than four rows, to display the four combinations of p, q, as input.
p: T T F F
q: T F T F
There are 16 rows in this key, one row for each binary function of the two binary variables, p, q. For example, in row 2 of this Key, the value of Converse nonimplication ('') is solely T, for the column denoted by the unique combination p=F, q=T; while in row 2, the value of that '' operation is F for the three remaining columns of p, q. The output row for is thus
2: F F T F
and the 16-row[3] key is
[3] operator Operation name
0 (F F F F)(p, q) false, Opq Contradiction
1 (F F F T)(p, q) NOR pq, Xpq Logical NOR
2 (F F T F)(p, q) p q, Mpq Converse nonimplication
3 (F F T T)(p, q) ¬p, ~p ¬p, Np, Fpq Negation
4 (F T F F)(p, q) p q, Lpq Material nonimplication
5 (F T F T)(p, q) ¬q, ~q ¬q, Nq, Gpq Negation
6 (F T T F)(p, q) XOR pq, Jpq Exclusive disjunction
7 (F T T T)(p, q) NAND pq, Dpq Logical NAND
8 (T F F F)(p, q) AND pq, Kpq Logical conjunction
9 (T F F T)(p, q) XNOR p If and only if q, Epq Logical biconditional
10 (T F T F)(p, q) q q, Hpq Projection function
11 (T F T T)(p, q) p q if p then q, Cpq Material implication
12 (T T F F)(p, q) p p, Ipq Projection function
13 (T T F T)(p, q) p q p if q, Bpq Converse implication
14 (T T T F)(p, q) OR pq, Apq Logical disjunction
15 (T T T T)(p, q) true, Vpq Tautology
Logical operators can also be visualized using Venn diagrams.
Logical conjunction (AND)[edit]
Logical conjunction is an operation on two logical values, typically the values of two propositions, that produces a value of true if both of its operands are true.
The truth table for p AND q (also written as p ∧ q, Kpq, p & q, or p q) is as follows:
Logical Conjunction
p q pq
T T T
T F F
F T F
F F F
In ordinary language terms, if both p and q are true, then the conjunction pq is true. For all other assignments of logical values to p and to q the conjunction p ∧ q is false.
It can also be said that if p, then pq is q, otherwise pq is p.
Logical disjunction (OR)[edit]
Logical disjunction is an operation on two logical values, typically the values of two propositions, that produces a value of true if at least one of its operands is true.
The truth table for p OR q (also written as p ∨ q, Apq, p || q, or p + q) is as follows:
Logical Disjunction
p q pq
T T T
T F T
F T T
F F F
Stated in English, if p, then pq is p, otherwise pq is q.
Logical implication[edit]
Logical implication or the material conditional are both associated with an operation on two logical values, typically the values of two propositions, that produces a value of false just in the singular case the first operand is true and the second operand is false.
The truth table associated with the material conditional if p then q (symbolized as p → q) and the logical implication p implies q (symbolized as p ⇒ q, or Cpq) is as follows:
Logical Implication
p q pq
T T T
T F F
F T T
F F T
It may also be useful to note that p → q is equivalent to ¬p ∨ q.
Logical equality[edit]
Logical equality (also known as biconditional) is an operation on two logical values, typically the values of two propositions, that produces a value of true if both operands are false or both operands are true.
The truth table for p XNOR q (also written as p ↔ q, Epq, p = q, or p ≡ q) is as follows:
Logical Equality
p q pq
T T T
T F F
F T F
F F T
So p EQ q is true if p and q have the same truth value (both true or both false), and false if they have different truth values.
Exclusive disjunction[edit]
Exclusive disjunction is an operation on two logical values, typically the values of two propositions, that produces a value of true if one but not both of its operands is true.
The truth table for p XOR q (also written as p ⊕ q, Jpq, or p ≠ q) is as follows:
Exclusive Disjunction
p q pq
T T F
T F T
F T


text:
Professor Svetlana Ushak from the University of Antofagasta was invited to give an online academic presentation
On February 17, 2023, Professor Svetlana Ushak, the chair of Chemical Engineering and Mineral Processing at the University of Antofagasta, made an online academic presentation entitled with " Solar energy and opportunities to use lithium and other industrial minerals in thermal energy storage " online. The meeting was hosted by Wenji Song, the deputy Director at the department of Advanced Energy Storage & Energy division. And Fengyun Wu, Foreign Affairs Director of Science and Technology Department of GIEC, attended the meeting and gave a welcome speech. More than 30 participants from the division attended the seminar via webinar.
Professor Svetlana gave a systematic presentation on five topics: " Solar energy for electricity and heat generation ", " Solar potential of Chile and other countries from Lithium triangle area (ABC) ", " Thermal energy storage (TES) systems ", " Lithium and other industrial minerals in TES: potential of ABC triangle countries", and" CELiMIN and some research results on TES materials and their applications". After the presentation, Professor Svetlana had an active and in-depth communications with the staff and students, which broadened the scientific vision of the participants.
Professor Svetlana has been appointed as a foreign expert by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China. This academic presentation is within the project "High-end Foreign Expert Introduction Program - Preparation of New Phase Change Materials and their Application in Battery Thermal Management", which aims to strengthen the communication and contact between the teams in China and Chile, and promote the formation of a layout with complementary advantages and high-quality development. It also lays the foundation for more in-depth cooperative research between the two sides. In the future, both sides will continue academic exchange activities on the theme of energy storage technology.


text:
Armenia and India to implement joint projects in astrophysics, radiation medicine, high- energy physics and pharmacy
ArmInfo. The State Committee of Science of Armenia's Ministry of Education and Science signed today a protocol on cooperation with the Science and Technology Department of India's Ministry of Science and Technology.
As the press-service of the Armenia's Ministry of Education and Science informs the aim of the protocol is to strengthen ties, which have been fixed in the agreement signed on March 25, 1994 in New Delhi. "The protocol on cooperation will contribute to strengthening of cooperation, as well as deepening of ties between the scientific cycles of the countries. The sides will encourage development of joint projects, presenting mutual interest in such fields as risk management during earthquakes and emergency situations, astrophysics, radiation medicine, high-energy physics, and pharmacy", the statement of the Armenian Ministry of Education and Science reads.


Groundhog Day Loop
Everything About Fiction You Never Wanted to Know.
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"Well, what if there is no tomorrow? There wasn't one today!"
Phil Connors, Groundhog Day
A plot in which the character is caught in a time loop, doomed to repeat a period of time (often exactly one day) over and over, until something is corrected. Usually, only one character or group of characters realizes what's going on—everyone and everything else undergoes a complete Snap Back, and if not interfered with will do the exact same things every time, right down to dialogue.
Once the character realizes this, two things happen, usually in this order:
 1. The character starts experimenting, then playing around with the people around them, confessing or acting on their feelings for another character, telling off their boss, getting themselves killed in interesting ways, and other things, in a form of Save Scumming.
 2. The character finally gets down to the business of what's causing the loop, and finds out how to stop it, often using the information learned in all the previous iterations to make sure this one last loop goes perfectly.
A Groundhog Day Loop episode can often be identified by the presence of several odd little events that are given full camera focus, yet don't have any apparent significance or relation to anything else. These are, of course, the events that will later be replayed in exactly the same order to emphasize that the day is, in fact, repeating in every particular. (Almost invariably, the looping character will at some point demonstrate his or her "prescience" by offhandedly predicting these events one after another.)
Since this plot requires constantly revisiting handful of sets for the entire length of the episode(s), re-using some of the same footage over and over and generally no outside characters will act on the plot, this can be considered a form of Bottle Episode.
Named for the film Groundhog Day. Compare New Game+ and Endgame Plus for Video Games.
See also:
See also Temporal Paradox, You Can't Fight Fate, Timey-Wimey Ball. Note that explicit Time Travel is not always involved, and in fact creates an entropy paradox.
Déjà vu yet?
Examples of Groundhog Day Loop include:
Basic Implementation
Anime & Manga
 - Higurashi no Naku Koro ni is based on a rather dark version of this. Piecing together hints from the various repetitions to figure out what is really going on is an important aspect of the series. The nature of the loop—and who is involved—is not immediately apparent, and the underlying causes aren't fully stated until halfway through the second season (and the 8th installment in the games). Technically, though, it isn't that time is looping; memories are just being copied/overwritten between alternate worlds.
 - Something similar is happening in the sequel, Umineko no Naku Koro ni, only this time, the cause of the loop is identified very early on: A Witch Did It. Or not. Or something.
 - Subverted in Umineko's case. In the final Episode, it's revealed that the Groundhog Day Loop is a case of Recursive Canon, and that each iteration is just a different book with different interpretations on the same setting.
 - In Cardcaptor Sakura, the Time card keeps the same day repeating indefinitely, until it is defeated by Syaoran.
 - In D.Gray-man, a town repeats October 28 over and over, until the main characters (not previously caught in the loop, which was a localized phenomenon caused by Innocence) find a way to fix it.
 - Note that only the people of that town are in the loop—time is passing as usual for the outside world, and people on the outside are wondering why the heck they keep getting the same phone call every day ordering the same things for the same business. Which is what initially drew the attention of the Black Order.
 - In the manga Tsubasa, the main characters find themselves trapped in the exact same day in the newest arc.
 - In JoJo's Bizarre Adventure part 4, the villain Yoshikage Kira gains an ability similar to this called "Another One Bites The Dust".
 - The Nue arc (episodes 8 & 9) of Mononoke has an interesting example.
 - Kimagure Orange Road had Kyosuke repeat Christmas three times, trying to get to the party with the "right" girl (without pissing off Madoka or crushing Hikaru's happiness). No-one else was aware of the repeats (though series Butt Monkey Yusaku gets wiped out in increasingly violent accidents each time). This came out in 1987, considerably predating most of the other examples.
 - Urusei Yatsura: Beautiful Dreamer (released in 1984) follows one for the early part of the film.
 - In "Endless Eight", a short story from The Rampage of Haruhi Suzumiya, the SOS Brigade ends up repeating the same two weeks of August about 15,500 times, causing all but Haruhi to suffer bouts of déjà vu. Only Yuki retains conscious memory of the preceding cycles -- 594 years of mind-numbing sameness (since no-one learns anything from the previous loops). This was only broken when Kyon asked Haruhi to help out with his long-postponed summer homework. The anime adaptation stretches this out across eight episodes. Now the viewer, too, can feel Yuki's pain.
 - In an early chapter of Nightmare Inspector, a woman seems to be suffering from a somewhat self-inflicted version of this: in her dreams, she writes "tomorrow will be exactly the same" on a piece of paper, and it is. She tries to stop the cycle and write something different in her dream, but the "something different" is "tomorrow I will stab someone to death". Freaking out, she goes to Hiruko... and it turns out he's been the one writing "every day is exactly the same" for her every time, and it's all part of the loop. The customer, as far as we see, never gets out.
 - Caused by Akemi Homura in Puella Magi Madoka Magica after she resets the past month countless times, of which we see five, in her attempt to prevent Madoka from becoming a magical girl. However by resetting time she actually layered multiple realities where Madoka was the focal point, causing Madoka's potential as a magical girl to increase exponentially and making her the prime candidate for becoming a magical girl because of all the energy she would release.
 - At the beginning of the eleventh Pokémon movie, Dialga, the temporal Pokémon, traps Giratina in this so it can escape the Reverse World it was dragged into by Giratina. The time loop keeps Giratina from leaving the Reverse World because every time it tries using its own power, it gets warped back a short distance from the portal it created. The time loop is broken when Shaymin creates a portal Giratina can escape through.
 - The Tatami Galaxy is all about this kind of plot, but the episodes vary on how it plays out. In the first half of the series, each episode is the protagonist choosing to join a club, things going wrong, and it resetting at the end, and in each episode, it's a different club. Later, the protagonist chooses to reset the span of an evening, as he tries to choose the right romantic interest. Then, it gets weirder. Despite the various resets, there is ultimately continuity between the episodes, so it works as a Jigsaw Puzzle Plot.
 - Shin Mazinger Zero has this sort of plot, with Minerva X resetting the universe each time Mazinger turns into a demon.
 - Star Driver uses this to keep the maidens from leaving the island. Poor Mizuno finds out the hard way after 4 fruitless attempts to leave the island.
Comic Books
 - In the story "Death and Venice" in The Sandman: Endless Nights, a nobleman has intentionally created a loop which includes an entire island and all its inhabitants (including the nobleman himself), and has lasted for hundreds of years. This is ultimately broken by Death.
 - In the Donald Duck story "Again and Again..." (Donald Duck 336, 2006), Donald is forced to relive the same day over and over until he discovers what he did "wrong" on that day. The story spoofs elements of both Groundhog Day and The Hudsucker Proxy—with mouse-eared "Daddy Time" (i. e. Moses) being wise to the time loop, and a Phil-like character reliving a similar time loop in a movie on Donald's TV.
 - Time traveling hero Hourman was once trapped in one of these by one of his enemies. The loop was known as the Timepoint and was specifically designed as the ultimate prison. It forced Hourman and his friends to relive the same five minutes on the day John F. Kennedy was shot. Though they were aware of the time loop, no matter what they did, at the end of five minutes they would always end up standing on the same street corner.
Fan Works
 - The Best Night Ever revolves around Prince Blueblood being trapped on the day of the disastrous Grand Galloping Gala until he ensures that the bearers of the Elements of Harmony actually enjoy themselves at the event.
Films -- Live Action
 - The Italian sci-fi movie Nirvana revolves around Solo, the character of a video game which goes through the same events again and again each time he dies


text:
The Friends of the Rye Public Library and the Rye Historical Society worked cooperatively to secure a New Hampshire Humanities Council grant allowing for the presentation of this fascinating program. Join us as Dr. Robert Goodby, Professor of Anthropology at Franklin Pierce University, recounts his archaeological explorations of New Hampshire in search of the record of Abenaki culture.
Abenaki history has been reduced to near invisibility as the result of conquest, a conquering culture that placed little value on Indian experience, and a strategy of self-preservation that required many Abenaki to go "underground". The true Abenaki identity has been concealed for generations, but archeological evidence shows their deep presence in New Hampshire, inches below the Earth's surface!
Dr. Robert Goodby, Ph.D. Anthropology, Associate Professor of Anthropology at Franklin Pierce University, New Hampshire, is our guide on this historic journey. A veteran of archaeological field research in New Hampshire, Massachusetts, and Rhode Island, and author of more than 50 technical reports on New England prehistoric archaeology, Goodby is well prepared for this task. Goodby is also director of the Monadnock Archaeological Project, a long-term program of archaeological field research focusing on the prehistory of the upper Contoocook and Connecticut River valleys of southwestern New Hampshire.


I have a dataset with the following structure:
full_name,nickname,match Christian Douglas,Chris,1, Jhon Stevens,Charlie,0, David Jr Simpson,Junior,1 Anastasia Williams,Stacie,1 Lara Williams,Ana,0 John Williams,Willy,1
where each predictor row is a pair full name, nickname, and the target variable, match, which is 1 when the nickname corresponds to the person with that name and 0 otherwise. As you can see, the way the nickname is obtained from the full name doesn't follow a particular pattern.
I want to train an ML algorithm that, given the pair full name, nickname, predict the probability of match.
My baseline is just trying to see the number of carachters that match, and features like that. However, I am thinking about an NLP approach using deep learning. My question is wether there are neural network architectures that are specific of this problem.
 - 1
 $\begingroup$ How man samples are there for training? $\endgroup$ – Shamit Verma Mar 19 '19 at 13:38
 - $\begingroup$ Around 100k, but only the 17% have match = 0 $\endgroup$ – David Masip Mar 19 '19 at 13:46
 - $\begingroup$ Is this an open dataset that you can share a link to? $\endgroup$ – Adarsh Chavakula Mar 22 '19 at 18:35
 - $\begingroup$ how to find relationship between a name and a nickname when there is none for instance "Anastasia Williams|Stacie".. you need more features to make this work i think. $\endgroup$ – iamklaus Mar 24 '19 at 6:27
I had a similar problem in my last job. My solution was to build features via (transformation(s) + comparison) * many combos and feed to models, then aggregate and model, i.e. 2 layer model. The key is encoding and similarity scores as features.
Transforms: remove vowels (great for certain roots), remove end vowels, remove double characters, convert to phonetic string (IPA, soundex, _URL_ replace characters that either sound similar or have different sounds in other languages ($J$ in East Europe sounds like $Y$ in US, $C$ can sound like $K, D~T, T\sim TH$, etc),... The strategy is to handle lots of weirdness/irregularity in people's names.
Comparisons (similarity and difference): try [character level, block/root/[pre/suf]fix level, word level (may not apply to you)] similarity and difference scores. Try Dice's coefficient, Levenshtein, Needleman–Wunsch, Longest common (non)contiguous substring, character histogram similarity, # characters matching, not matching (each left and right), etc. You could try using an RNN/LSTM and have it learn similarity for each transform. Use the output of the trained model(s) as another feature.
Experiment with different combos of the above and select a few that seem to have value. You could simply take all the scores and fit with Logistic Regression (or Neural Net) or you could build statistical models and output percent rank based on a small training set to normalize it. Another way to preprocess the raw scores is to use calibration encoding via logistic function. Then add summary stats from the normalized scores as additional features. Push all this into the final model.
Will you handle names that are derived from Arabic, Spanish, French, etc names? This is just extra, but consider downloading the Social Security and US Census name stats data to enhance your project with more name variations. I'll leave the how to you, but it helps knowing about the likely possibilities. Be aware that simply using Levenshtein doesn't work so well with William->Bill, Dianne->Di, Larry->Lawrence, Mohammed->Muhamed and Hamed, Danielle->Daniela, Thomas->Tom, and Jimmy->James. The strategy I mentioned should help you with all the variation.
Additional resources to explore: _URL_ _URL_ _URL_
I couldn't find any useful literature out there for using deep learning for this specific problem. Most methods seem to rely on non-machine learning methods like string similarities and Levenstein distances. A reasonable deep learning based approach to this problem would be a Recurrent Neural Network. An LSTM (Long short term memory) or GRU (Gated Recurrent Unit) would be ideal. The idea is to have an RNN which has an internal state and respects the order in which the inputs are fed.
Unlike text classification, sentiment analysis or sequence generation, the preferred encoding for the text here would be at a character level instead of word level.
For example
Christian Douglas,Chris,1
Jhon Stevens,Charlie,0
would become
[C,h,r,i,s,t,i,a,n,,D,o,u,g,l,a,s,,C,h,r,i,s] --> [1]
[J,h,o,n,,S,t,e,v,e,n,s,,C,h,a,r,l,i,e] --> [0]
The two strings to be matched are concatenated into a single sequence. The intuition here is that the RNN would process the sequence character by character and learn (read update weights) that the characters at the end have a similar pattern to what it saw earlier in the same sequence to deduce that it should be a 1 instead of 0.
The vector of [1/0] is the target variable.
The standard RNN pre-processing steps apply as usual - we'll pad the sequences in the beginning so that they're all the same length (say 50), the characters would be encoded as numeric instead of string etc.
Since the dictionary here is pretty small (26 alphabets + space + pad), the network architecture can be a fairly simple one. A single embedding layer + recurrent layer should suffice.
Framing the problem in this manner allows us to use a vanilla RNN or an out-of-the-box LSTM/GRU instead of creating a custom architecture that takes two separate strings as input for each data point and throws out a number.
You could give this approach a shot and see if is able to satisfactorily beats baseline models.
A good reading for character level RNNs is Andrej Karpathy's blog and code. The problem he's trying to solve is different and the code is in pure numpy but it still captures the idea pretty well.
I would use some normalization as preprocessing, such as:
 - Jr converted into Junior.
 - Convert the name into Soundex as ldmtwo said
And then use string algorithms instead of ML for this, such as Z algorithm, KMP algorithm, or Levenshtein distance, and then use threshold on the score.
Your Answer


text: The 17 January 1995 Hyogo-ken Nanbu earthquake is a typical example showing that the ground motions along basin-edge faults can be very destructive. In this study, we simulate the near-fault ground motion from this earthquake based on a kinematic fault model and a simplified 3D velocity structure of the Kobe area. The kinematic earthquake rupture and the wave propagation are modeled using a 3D finite-difference method (FDM). Our simulation identifies the basin-edge effect as an important factor that influenced the ground-motion amplification pattern in the Kobe area. We found that the coupling of the source directivity and basin-edge effects causes impulsive ground motions with extremely high amplitude at periods greater than 1 sec and in a narrow zone offset less than 1 km from the basin edge. The combination of these effects acted to create a fairly continuous band of amplification that extends about 30 km in an elongated zone parallel to the basin-edge boundary. In some areas, localized site effects might have been as important as the abovementioned effects, but they cannot explain the continuity of the extended east-west zone of damage.


Authorization
Authorization refers to the process that determines what a user is able to do. For example, an administrative user is allowed to create, edit, and delete posts. A non-administrative user is only authorized to read the posts.
Authorization is orthogonal and independent from authentication. However, authorization requires an authentication mechanism.
There are many different approaches and strategies to handle authorization. The approach taken for any project depends on its particular application requirements. This chapter presents a few approaches to authorization that can be adapted to a variety of different requirements.
Basic RBAC implementation#
Role-based access control (RBAC) is a policy-neutral access-control mechanism defined around roles and privileges. In this section, we'll demonstrate how to implement a very basic RBAC mechanism using Nest guards.
First, let's create a Role enum representing roles in the system:
@@filename(role.enum)
export enum Role {
User = 'user',
Admin = 'admin',
}
info Hint In more sophisticated systems, you may store roles within a database, or pull them from the external authentication provider.
With this in place, we can create a @Roles() decorator. This decorator allows specifying what roles are required to access specific resources.
@@filename(roles.decorator)
import { SetMetadata } from '@nestjs/common';
import { Role } from '../enums/role.enum';
export const ROLES_KEY = 'roles';
export const Roles = (...roles: Role[]) => SetMetadata(ROLES_KEY, roles);
@@switch
import { SetMetadata } from '@nestjs/common';
export const ROLES_KEY = 'roles';
export const Roles = (...roles) => SetMetadata(ROLES_KEY, roles);
Now that we have a custom @Roles() decorator, we can use it to decorate any route handler.
@@filename(cats.controller)
@Post()
@Roles(Role.Admin)
create(@Body() createCatDto: CreateCatDto) {
this.catsService.create(createCatDto);
}
@@switch
@Post()
@Roles(Role.Admin)
@Bind(Body())
create(createCatDto) {
this.catsService.create(createCatDto);
}
Finally, we create a RolesGuard class which will compare the roles assigned to the current user to the actual roles required by the current route being processed. In order to access the route's role(s) (custom metadata), we'll use the Reflector helper class, which is provided out of the box by the framework and exposed from the @nestjs/core package.
@@filename(roles.guard)
import { Injectable, CanActivate, ExecutionContext } from '@nestjs/common';
import { Reflector } from '@nestjs/core';
@Injectable()
export class RolesGuard implements CanActivate {
constructor(private reflector: Reflector) {}
canActivate(context: ExecutionContext): boolean {
const requiredRoles = this.reflector.getAllAndOverride<Role[]>(ROLES_KEY, [
context.getHandler(),
context.getClass(),
]);
if (!requiredRoles) {
return true;
}
const { user } = context.switchToHttp().getRequest();
return requiredRoles.some((role) => user.roles?.includes(role));
}
}
@@switch
import { Injectable, Dependencies } from '@nestjs/common';
import { Reflector } from '@nestjs/core';
@Injectable()
@Dependencies(Reflector)
export class RolesGuard {
constructor(reflector) {
this.reflector = reflector;
}
canActivate(context) {
const requiredRoles = this.reflector.getAllAndOverride(ROLES_KEY, [
context.getHandler(),
context.getClass(),
]);
if (!requiredRoles) {
return true;
}
const { user } = context.switchToHttp().getRequest();
return requiredRoles.some((role) => user.roles.includes(role));
}
}
info Hint Refer to the Reflection and metadata section of the Execution context chapter for more details on utilizing Reflector in a context-sensitive way.
warning Notice This example is named "basic" as we only check for the presence of roles on the route handler level. In real-world applications, you may have endpoints/handlers that involve several operations, in which each of them requires a specific set of permissions. In this case, you'll have to provide a mechanism to check roles somewhere within your business-logic, making it somewhat harder to maintain as there will be no centralized place that associates permissions with specific actions.
In this example, we assumed that request.user contains the user instance and allowed roles (under the roles property). In your app, you will probably make that association in your custom authentication guard - see authentication chapter for more details.
To make sure this example works, your User class must look as follows:
class User {
// ...other properties
roles: Role[];
}
Lastly, make sure to register the RolesGuard, for example, at the controller level, or globally:
providers: [
{
provide: APP_GUARD,
useClass: RolesGuard,
},
],
When a user with insufficient privileges requests an endpoint, Nest automatically returns the following response:
{
"statusCode": 403,
"message": "Forbidden resource",
"error": "Forbidden"
}
info Hint If you want to return a different error response, you should throw your own specific exception instead of returning a boolean value.
Claims-based authorization#
When an identity is created it may be assigned one or more claims issued by a trusted party. A claim is a name-value pair that represents what the subject can do, not what the subject is.
To implement a Claims-based authorization in Nest, you can follow the same steps we have shown above in the RBAC section with one significant difference: instead of checking for specific roles, you should compare permissions. Every user would have a set of permissions assigned. Likewise, each resource/endpoint would define what permissions are required (for example, through a dedicated @RequirePermissions() decorator) to access them.
@@filename(cats.controller)
@Post()
@RequirePermissions(Permission.CREATE_CAT)
create(@Body() createCatDto: CreateCatDto) {
this.catsService.create(createCatDto);
}
@@switch
@Post()
@RequirePermissions(Permission.CREATE_CAT)
@Bind(Body())
create(createCatDto) {
this.catsService.create(createCatDto);
}
info Hint In the example above, Permission (similar to Role we have shown in RBAC section) is a TypeScript enum that contains all the permissions available in your system.
Integrating CASL#
CASL is an isomorphic authorization library which restricts what resources a given client is allowed to access. It's designed to be incrementally adoptable and can easily scale between a simple claim based and fully featured subject and attribute based authorization.
To start, first install the @casl/ability package:
$ npm i @casl/ability
info Hint In this example, we chose CASL, but you can use any other library like accesscontrol or acl, depending on your preferences and project needs.
Once the installation is complete, for the sake of illustrating the mechanics of CASL, we'll define two entity classes: User and Article.
class User {
id: number;
isAdmin: boolean;
}
User class consists of two properties, id, which is a unique user identifier, and isAdmin, indicating whether a user has administrator privileges.
class Article {
id: number;
isPublished: boolean;
authorId: string;
}
Article class has three properties, respectively id, isPublished, and authorId. id is a unique article identifier, isPublished indicates whether an article was already published or not, and authorId, which is an ID of a user who wrote the article.
Now let's review and refine our requirements for this example:
 - Admins can manage (create/read/update/delete) all entities
 - Users have read-only access to everything
 - Users can update their articles (article.authorId === userId)
 - Articles that are published already cannot be removed (article.isPublished === true)
With this in mind, we can start off by creating an Action enum representing all possible actions that the users can perform with entities:
export enum Action {
Manage = 'manage',
Create = 'create',
Read = 'read',
Update = 'update',
Delete = 'delete',
}
warning Notice manage is a special keyword in CASL which represents "any" action.
To encapsulate CASL library, let's generate the CaslM


text:
Contents in this Article
JK RMSA Teacher Exam Syllabus 2017 Pdf
Download RMSA JK Syllabus 2017 Pdf available now. Candidates those applied for Rashtriya Madhymik Shiksha Abhiyan, J&K Teacher Recruitment 2017 can get their required syllabus and exam pattern. Therefore, Download the RMSA JK Teacher Exam Syllabus 2017 from this article. – JK RMSA Official website: _URL_.
Individuals those applied for Jammu & Kashmir Government Jobs in Rashtriya Madhymik Shiksha Abhiyan can be selected through Written Test and Qualification. Hence we provided the Teacher Exam Syllabus & Paper Pattern. Before starting the exam preparation, once go through the exam syllabus and Test Pattern. This may help to know on what related topics, that questions asked in the examination. The provided RMSA Jammu and Kashmir Teacher Syllabus 2017 Pdf consists the topics that might need to prepare for written test. Visit the RMSA J&K Website _URL_ for exam details. To get a good score in the written test, practice the model papers given on our website. By practicing the sample papers, individuals can improve their knowledge and Time management skills. So, Download RMSA JK Syllabus Pdf and Model papers in below enclosed links.
Jammu & Kashmir RMSA Teacher Exam Syllabus 2017 – _URL_
|Organization Name||Rashtriya Madhymik Shiksha Abhiyan, J&K|
|Total Vacancies||550 Posts|
|Advertisement No||Advt. Notice No: Edu/RMSA/Adm/24791-824/2017|
|Name of the Posts||Teacher Posts|
|Starting date to apply||24th March 2017|
|Closing date to apply||10th April 2017|
|Selection Process||Written Exam|
|Job Location||Jammu and Kashmir|
RMSA JK Teacher Exam Pattern 2017
RMSA JK Teacher Syllabus 2017 Pdf
From the exam pattern, candidates can examine the Structure of the examination. After referring the test pattern, check the RMSA JK Syllabus 2017 for Teacher Exam. Based on the topics, make preparation accordingly.
- Time & Work.
- Partnership Business.
- Algebra & Elementary surds.
- Common tangents to two or more circles.
- Congruence and similarity of triangles.
- Decimals fractions and relationships between numbers.
- Ratio & Proportion.
- Square roots.
- Time and distance.
- Whole numbers.
- Basic algebraic.
- Profit and Loss.
- Graphs of Linear Equations.
- Mixture and Alligation.
- Regular Polygons.
- Triangle and its various kinds of centers.
- Circle and its chords.
- Angles subtended by chords of a circle.
- General Science
- Current Affairs
- International & National Organizations
- Indian Economy
- General Knowledge
- Fill in the Blanks
- Word Formation
- Passage Completion
- Unseen Passages
- Sentence Completion
- Theme detection
- Idioms & Phrases
- Subject-Verb Agreement
- Error Correction
- Sentence Rearrangement also.
- JK General Knowledge.
- Important Financial & Economic News.
- Important Days.
- Science – Inventions & Discoveries.
- Countries & Capitals.
- Budget and Five Year Plans.
- Computers Basics
- Current Affairs – National & International.
- Awards and Honors.
- Books and Authors.
- International & National Organizations etc.
- Social Studies.
- Urdu/ Hindi Language.
Teacher exam syllabus 2017 – General Science
- Arithmetic reasoning
- Verbal and figure classification
- Everyday science.
- Non-verbal series
- Statement conclusion
- Syllogistic reasoning
- Problem-solving analysis
- Spatial visualization
- Visual memory
- Spatial orientation
- Arithmetical number series
- Decision making
- Similarities and differences
- Coding and decoding etc.


text:
Duplicating a Node
To duplicate a node in the network display in the display area, proceed as follows:
- Select a node in the display area by clicking on it.
- Click on the Duplicate pushbutton in the toolbox or choose Edit
The alignment of the network display in the display area changes. A copy of the selected node appears.
Click on the Adjust pushbutton in the toolbox to re-align the network display. Depending on the setting for the Duplicate function, the new node is appended to the original node as its first or last predecessor, left or right brother or its first or last successor.


text:
Location Naval Surface Warfare Center, West Bethesda, Maryland
Scope Of Work Design/Build Wavemaker Paddles and Support Structure, 3D Modeling, Laser Cutting, Bending, Welding, Assembly, Finishing, Machining, Outsourcing
The Naval Surface Warfare Center is a government owned facility that conducts tests on large-scale naval model ships. The Maneuvering and Seakeeping basin at the Naval Surface Warfare Center is a large rectangular basin, measuring 240 feet by 360 feet. Two adjacent walls are equipped with very large pneumatic and mechanical paddles which move back and forth either simultaneously or individually to create infinite different types of wave scenarios, while the other two walls are equipped with wave absorbing beaches. Recent work on advanced hull-form concepts, illustrates the need for increased study of ships in extreme wave conditions. Testing must be performed if the physics is to be understood. Maloya was supplied with 2D drawings that needed to be converted to 3D models in order to efficiently address the complex geometry of the structure. The 3D modeling insured that the fabrication process would proceed without any costly time consuming delays. Due to the large scale of these structures a detailed workflow system was designed to move the material in process through the various production stages. Maloya used their exten sive in house capabilities to construct these very large assemblies as well as coordinating a demanding delivery schedule as required by the Wavemaker design team located in Scotland.


text:
The unexpected costs of buying/owning a home in Oregon are a fact of life. Whether you own your home or are looking to purchase read about the surprises you can expect to face as a homeowner. From lightbulbs to roofing repairs let us help you prepare with first-hand knowledge from the housing experts.
Summary: What's the average down payment on a house in Washington State? That partly depends on the type of home loan you're using. This article will outline current lending trends, including down payments, in Washington.
What is the average down payment for a home purchase in Washington State? According to a recent report from a mortgage software company, the average down payment on a house ranges from 5% (for FHA loans) to 19% (for conventional). Borrowers using the VA mortgage program put even less money down, on average.
Average Down Payment on a House in Washington State
Ellie Mae is a leading provider of mortgage origination software for the lending industry. Their software is used to process many thousands of home loans every month. Each month, the company publishes an "Origination Insight Report" (OIR) based on a "robust sampling of closed loan applications." The OIR gives us some good insight into various lending trends, including down payments.
Among other things, the OIR lists average loan-to-value (LTV) ratios for closed loans. The LTV is essentially the inverse of the down payment. For instance, if a borrower obtains a loan for 80% of the home purchase price, they'll have to make a down payment of 20%. The LTV is 80% — the down payment is 20%.
A recent Origination Insight Report gives us some insight into the average down payment on a house within Washington State, and elsewhere across the country.
Here are the average loan-to-value ratios by mortgage type:
- Average LTV for all closed loans: 79%
- Average LTV for FHA purchase loans: 95%
- Average LTV for conventional purchase loans: 81%
- Average LTV for VA-guaranteed loans: 98%
Conventional Loan Down Payments
It appears that the average down payment on a house is 19% when a conventional home loan is being used. "Conventional" means the loan is not backed by the government, which distinguishes it from FHA and VA.
It's important to note, however, that a 19% down payment is not required for conventional loans. Home buyers in Washington State can qualify for conventional financing with a down payment as low as 3% of the purchase price. The LTV numbers above are just averages — not minimums.
FHA Loan Down Payments
According to the latest OIR, the average down payment among home buyers using the FHA loan program was 5%. That's not surprising, since borrowers are required to put down at least 3.5% when using FHA loans to buy a house.
VA Loan Down Payments
The Veterans Administration (VA) home loan program offers 100% financing for eligible borrowers in Washington State. This allows borrowers to buy a home with no down payment whatsoever, and often without mortgage insurance.
Despite the 100% financing that's available through this program, some borrowers choose to make down payments to reduce their mortgage amounts. The average amount put down on a VA home loan is around 2%, based on the Ellie Mae LTV data.
Loan-to-Value and Mortgage Insurance
When a mortgage loan accounts for more than 80% of the home value, the borrower is usually required to pay mortgage insurance.
Almost all borrowers who use the FHA loan program end up paying mortgage insurance premiums, which can increase the monthly payment. Additionally, most conventional home loans with an LTV above 80% require private mortgage insurance (PMI).
The VA program is unique in this regard. Home buyers who use a VA loan to buy a house could qualify for 100% financing without having to pay mortgage insurance.
The point is, if you make a down payment of less than 20% on a home in Washington State, there's a good chance you'll have to pay mortgage insurance. The upside is that this insurance allows you to qualify for a loan with a smaller down payment, which might not be possible otherwise.
Ready to Move Forward?
Are you planning to buy a house in Washington State sometime soon? Have questions about down payments, mortgage insurance, or mortgage programs? Give us a call. Sammamish Mortgage has been helping borrowers across the Pacific Northwest since 1992. Get in touch with us today if you're ready to get the home loan process started!


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Details relating to the German Commemorative of 2006.
Issue Date: 03.02.2006
Number Minted: 30,000,00
(Note: German coins differ from those of the other Eurozone countries in that they are minted in five different locations and there are different mint marks that can appear on German coins.)
Mint location and corresponding Mint mark :
Berlin - A
Munich - D
Stuttgart - F
Karlsruhe - G
Hamburg - J
This is the first German commemorative coin and the first in the German series of 16,each of which will represent one of the provinces of Germany.
The province represented in this coin is Schleswig-Holstein, Germany's northernmost province bordering on Denmark.
The motif chosen by Schleswig-Holstein to represent it is the Holstentor in Lübeck. The Holstentor together with the Hansestadt Lübeck became a part of the UNESCO World Heritage Program in 1987.
The Holstentor was built as a city gate, forming the Western boundary of Lübeck's inner city. At the bottom of the inner circle the name of the province appears. At nine and three o'clock the mint mark and the initials of the designer are to be seen.
The issuing country "BUNDESREPUBLIC DEUTSCHLAND" appears boldly around the lower half of the outer ring.
From 2013 onwards the outer ring, for all euro Commemorative Coins, has been reserved for the twelve stars of the EU.
The Holstentor also appeared on the old 50 DM note.


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Happy 2017 - a reason to be cheerful!
What a way to start-off the New Year - the launch of a new wildlife conservation charity for Norfolk - Felbeck Trust. New Year is traditionally the time for making resolutions - well here's one to challenge you! Lets make 2017 a year when we start to reverse the decline in the fortunes of many of our native species - be it plants, bugs, butterflies or birds. As the 'State of Nature' report, published last summer, so dismally highlighted - 56% of all the species surveyed (nearly 8,000 across the full spectrum of flora and fauna) were doing worse than the previous survey. 15%, or more than one in ten, of those species are likely to be permanently lost from these shores, unless we do something now to stem that decline. It may not seem much - this certainly isn't conservation on a grand scale, but to borrow a well-worn slogan from the retail sector - 'every little helps'. In 2017, Felbeck Trust will start restoring several site of potential wildlife value in Norfolk - transforming the overlooked into the much looked over! Watch this space for more details of those positive changes - but more than that, get involved yourself. Make 2017 the year you helped us to bring back wildlife to our countryside. For more details, visit _URL_


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How do people survive winter in Sweden?
How to survive the Swedish winter
- Be social. When the day light hours are as rare as a chocolate cake at a Weight Watchers meeting, it is easy to become a bit of a recluse. …
- Walk in the sunshine. The lack of light is hard for everyone, newbies and oldbies alike. …
- Embrace it. …
- Take advantage of it. …
- Arrange home parties.
Winter months in Scandinavia run between December to March and as expected are quite chilly. … For instance, the coldest recorded temperature in Sweden was -52.6 degrees Celsius (-62.5 F)1, while further north in Norway, locals consider temperatures that go below -4 degrees Celsius to be an average winter night.
How do Norwegians embrace winter?
But in Norway, I learned to look for the opportunities winter provides. One of these is intentionally using light to celebrate the darkness of winter. Indoors, families gather around the fireplace or light candles. As trend-watchers know, the embrace of anything cozy is known as hygge in Danish; koselig in Norwegian.
Is Sweden dark for 6 months?
Sweden is a country with big differences in daylight. In the far north, the sun does not set at all in June and there is darkness around the clock in January. However, in January in Stockholm the sun rises at 8:47 am and sets at 2:55 pm, while in July the sun rises at 3:40 am and sets 10:00 pm.
Is Norway dark for 6 months?
At the Arctic Pole, the midnight sun can be seen for six months at a time, continuously and without a break. The further you move south, the less time the midnight sun is visible for; in Northern Norway, it can be seen from late April until August.
Why is it always dark in Norway?
The earth is rotating at a tilted axis relative to the sun, and during the summer months, the North Pole is angled towards our star. That's why, for several weeks, the sun never sets above the Arctic Circle. Svalbard is the place in Norway where the midnight sun occurs for the longest period.
Norwegians usually go skiing with woolen underwear and a shell, with an added woolen jumper in their bag. Basically any activity will make you much warmer than you think, hence the risk to sweat and freeze. The objective is therefore to protect yourself from the cold, but not get too warm either.
Is Norway colder than Sweden?
Heat generated by the Gulf Stream and its extension into the Norwegian Sea is the most important reason why Norway experiences a milder climate than Sweden.
The same is true for the southernmost part of Sweden and the milder coastal climate touches the west coast of Norway as well. The central part of Scandinavia from Oslo to Stockholm has a more humid continental climate, which gradually gives way to subarctic climate further north, a lot like the weather in Finland.


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Reduced order models for resonant viscosity and mass density sensors
Sprache des Titels:
A generalized reduced order model for resonant viscosity and mass density sensors is presented and experimentally verified. The reduced expressions for the resonance frequency and quality factor, respec- tively, are mathematically valid for in-plane oscillating plates, oscillating spheres and laterally oscillating cylinders. However, as shown for measurements obtained with a tuning fork resonator with rectangular cross-section, the model can also be applied for resonating structures, for which closed form solutions of the fluid structure interaction are not available. Benefits of the presented model are amongst others first, its simplicity, which requires no more than three calibration measurements for parameter identification and second, its general applicability for resonant mass density and viscosity sensors which furthermore facilitates the comparison of different resonant mass density and viscosity sensors in terms of sensitivity and measurement noise propagation.


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We're excited to announce that Crain's Chicago Business has named co-president Mike Abt a 2022 Notable Leader in Sustainability. The publication notes that these leaders devote considerable resources to environmental efforts and "lead their organizations' efforts to keep climate change in check." Crain's Chicago Business highlighted Mike's groundbreaking sustainability efforts at Abt, writing:
"Mike Abt oversees all financial decisions and sustainability efforts at Abt Electronics. In 2020, he facilitated the expansion of its recycling center, which is open for public use and enables his company to recycle over 95% of its own waste. In 2021, he initiated the installation of solar panels on its warehouse and led green initiatives that saved 2.2 million pounds of cardboard and paper from going to local dumps, and more than 350,000 pounds of plastic foam, 13 million pounds of appliances and 1.4 million pounds of electronics from going to landfills. Abt fuels delivery trucks and equipment with biodiesel and collects rainwater for irrigation."
Mike has strived to set Abt apart from the competition with our efforts to protect our planet. As a company, a small environmental footprint is one of our biggest priorities. You can visit our website for more information about our green initiatives. There, you can see what we accept at our Recycling Center. In addition to the efforts named above, we also offer ways our customers can use less energy and protect the planet. For example, unplug electronics when you're not home. Switch to rechargeable batteries if possible. Check out how you can help us take care of Earth. It's surprisingly easy!
Crain's Chicago Business Notable Leaders 2022
Additionally, Crain's Chicago Business subscribers can read the other profiles on their website. We are so proud of Mike for his continued hard work and grateful to have him as one of Abt's presidents. His efforts have made Abt an eco-friendly leader. Congratulations, Mike!


What Car Modifications are and are Not Legal
Car enthusiasts value their vehicles more than many other things in their lives; it is a prized possession. These people will not hesitate to keep spending money on their car(s) to upgrade, modify, and personalize it to their liking. These modifications can include tinted windows, car wraps, and new exhaust pipes. However, they can only legally do so much, according to the California DMV laws. Here are a handful of those laws.
There are laws that dictate how loud a vehicle may be. Exhaust systems cannot increase or amplify the amount of sound beyond what is produced by factory equipment. Vehicles that weigh less than 6,000 pounds cannot be louder than 95 decibels; motorcycles are excluded from this. The radio or other sound systems cannot be heard from beyond 50 feet from the vehicle.
Rear and back side windows can be tinted to any darkness. However, front side windows can only be tinted to a certain darkness. Non-reflective tint is only allowed on the top 4 inches of the front windshield; it is illegal to have non-reflective tint anywhere else.
All vehicles must pass a smog check, even when it is equipped with a new engine. In addition, all engines must be certified for use, and be certified as the same or newer model year of the vehicle. This ensures that it will function properly and meet the proper emissions standards.
Frame and Suspension
No vehicle can be taller than 14 feet in height. There are additional frame regulations according to certain vehicle weights.
Just because it can be illegal to modify a car a certain way, does not mean that it is impossible to do it anyway. You may have seen or heard cars that have been illegally modified. Common illegal car modifications include cars that:
Are too loud
Whose front windows are tinted too dark
Are equipped with radar detectors attached to the windshield of the car
Are equipped with reflective covering over their license plate
Have a license plate frame that covers any part of the number, letters, or state name
Have neon lights under it
Not every state has the exact same car modification laws so if you ever plan on moving or taking your car out of state, make sure it is legal to drive it there.


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Endangered cultural treasures around the world
Image 2 of 25
Historic Center of Craco( World Monuments Fund )
The Historic Center of Craco was first developed between the 10th and 9th centuries B.C., and the tall watchtower that hovers above this rocky village was built in 1000 A.D. The town has been abandoned since 1991, when a landslide forced out its remaining residents. Because this hilltop town was built on an unstable slope, it will be hard to protect this ancient piece of Italian history.


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Afghanistan is grappling with one of the worst droughts, food, and water shortage crises in decades, amid an unrivaled humanitarian catastrophe that looms large for millions of people across the country.
Prolonged drought across the country continues to impact the availability of and access to safe drinking water.
The United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) tweeted on Sunday that the number of families in Afghanistan facing water scarcity has significantly increased.
According to an OCHA report analyzing the drought disaster between 2021 and 2023, climate change and fatal droughts across Afghanistan have left 79% of its population without sufficient water for their daily needs, including drinking and cooking.
The findings of the report further show that 64 percent of households reported that they experienced drought in the last six months, resulting in an economic shock that has left a devastating effect on food security and family coping mechanisms. While the current food crisis is perpetuated by a concurrent climate crisis, as 30 out of 34 provinces in Afghanistan report extremely low water quality.


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- The act of taking a disc that is intended for another player. Most often this happens in a mob-op during a pass. As the disc travels across a jam to it's intended target another player steps in front and makes a play on the disc. Often the intended target player will not have time to react and will make the form of a catch, though the disc is no longer coming. Also, the person poaching will often cause a drop or break in flow because they had to move out of position to get the disc. Basic lane awareness can help reduce poaching. Note that if a player attempts a hoop but accidentally touches the disc, causing a drop, this is not considered poaching. Rather, a failed hoop or leg over is called Defense, or "nice D".
Example: Hey, you poached my lane. I had a gitis lined up.
- To accidentally bend a flying disc in half, creating the shape of a taco shell. This usually happens during a drop. The player attempts a leaping under the leg catch but misses. As the disc hits the ground the player's extended leg comes down on top of the disc and forcefully bends it in half. To taco a disc is especially disheartening because the disc will probably have a wobble from then on.
Example: Oh no, you just tacoed our competition disc!
Photo by Kristýna Landová
- A drop is anytime the disc unintentionally lands on the ground. That definition seems obvious but the drop has a deeper importance. Freestyle Frisbee is all about mastery of the flying disc. Players try to push themselves and the disc to the limits of what is physically possible, always looking for a new trick. There is a certain high that comes from seemingly defying gravity and doing the impossible through one's own will. A drop is a cruel reminder that the control we all seek might just be an illusion.
Example: That drop was caused by a sudden gust of gravity.
- A group of Freestyle Frisbee players playing together in a spontaneous manner. Players typically stand close together, usually in a circle or a line though there are no specific rules on this. Basically, they are playing an advanced game of catch, using the depth of their skill to string combinations of tricks together. Often times a single throw is passed between many players before it is caught. The term comes from Jazz where a group of musicians are playing music spontaneously. This is not the same as practice where players have an intended goal in mind. For example, a team may be preparing for a competition, going through choreography or repetitive routine rehearsal.
Ex. What time is the jam today?
- A term that describes the level of restriction for a given Frisbee trick. The disc must travel "through the window" for the trick to be completed. For example, an under the leg catch requires the disc to pass completely under the leg before it is caught. This is a relatively large window since; the leg does not restrict hand movement, hand movement does not restrict leg movement, there is ample space between the leg and the ground, and body timing is fairly simple. A flamingitosis, on the other hand, has a very small window since; body position restricts hand movement and timing must be precise for the disc to fall into the hand.
- Alternate term for a Hoop.
- A specific type of hooped pass where the hoop is created by assuming a bad attitude position.
Example: How did she get the disc through that tiny window?
Sam's third reglue attempt. It took 5 attempts before this nail stayed on.
Nail Hell (adjective)
Nail Hell describes the feeling when one's freestyle frisbee nails repeatedly pop off during the jam. There is disagreement in the community as to whether it takes two or three losses of the nail for one to officially be in Nail Hell. Either way, Nail Hell is especially miserable because the desire to jam is always strongest when others are jamming in plain view. Yet, if the nails will not stay on, one must sit down and reglue.
Example: I always end up in Nail Hell when the weather is cold like this.
See also: Boosh, Condo
Third World (adjective)
A description of the spin direction of a flying disc. Third World is the third spin, or end over end. Any spin that is not clock or counter may be considered third world.
Example: I am working on a Third World Scarecrow.
See also: Counter, Clock.
A description of the spin direction of a flying disc. Short for clockwise. When describing spin direction, it is customary to use a top down perspective of the disc. A disc that appears to be spinning clock from the top will appear to be spinning counter from the bottom, hence the top down perspective is used no matter the vantage point. When a disc is upside down, the top down perspective is still used. Thus when a disc is turned over, its spin direction reverses. For a disc that is tilted, use the side that is the most upward. For a disc that is perfectly perpendicular to the ground, use the top side of the disc.
Example: Throw me some clock.
See also: Counter, Third World.


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Teaching toward a world without war
Elizabeth Gray Vining, 1902–1999
A Philadelphia native and member of Germantown Monthly Meeting, Elizabeth Gray Vining published her first book for young adults at the age of 22, and went on to publish over 60 more in her lifetime. At the age of 42, Elizabeth wrote weekly releases on the activities of AFSC for Quaker papers and other religious publications, when she was selected to be the first woman to tutor the crown prince of Japan.
Her name had been suggested to the education commission by then Executive Secretary Clarence E. Pickett, who had visited Emperor Hirohito and heeded his request for help in finding an American tutor for the crown prince. After listing Elizabeth's many accomplishments in a letter of recommendation, Clarence Pickett added that she was "one of the most lovely and cultured women that I have ever known," but "she would not lift a finger to seek the appointment."
Once chosen, the American press expressed Elizabeth's position as an opportunity to spread the values of American democracy. But she was clear that this was an opportunity to build bridges: "I am not here in Japan as a missionary," she declared. "I will present my views and let my pupil go on from there… I hope I can contribute to the peace and understanding of the world. The emphasis will be on a world without war, and on nations working together for peace."


text: This study aims to assess and characterize wave energy resource along the southeastern coasts of the Black Sea. For this purpose, wave energy potential was investigated at a total of 7 study points in this area. The potential for energy generation was assessed based on six-hourly data from a third generation wave model (SWAN) covering the period _PHONE_. The results were validated with buoy measurements and wave energy and power was calculated with the numerical hindcast data. For characterization of wave energy potential, average annual and seasonal variations of the wave power in this area was firstly investigated. Second, wave energy development indexes and the probabilities of exceedance of wave power at the study points were determined. Third, wave energy resource in different ranges of significant wave heights and zero-crossing periods were characterized. Finally, It was found that annual wave energy of all points except Sinop point, whose annual wave energy is 10 MWh/m, is approximately 6 MWh/m and the bulk of annual wave energy occurs for significant wave heights between 0.5 and 2 m and periods between 2 and 5 s. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.


Impala OFFSET Clause – 5 Min Tutorial
In our last tutorial, we discussed Limit Clause and Having Clause. Now, we will discuss Impala Offset Clause, used to decide from where the output should be considered in Impala. Moreover, we will learn introduction, syntax, and example of Impala Offset clause, to understand it well.
So, let's start Impala Offset Clause.
Impala OFFSET Clause
Basically, in a SELECT query, this clause causes the result set to start some number of rows after the logical first item. However, OFFSET 0 produces the same result as leaving out the OFFSET clause since the result set is numbered starting from zero.
Also, make sure always use this clause in combination with ORDER BY. Hence it is clear which item should be first, second, and so on. Whereas LIMIT covers a bounded range, such as items 0-9, 100-199, and so on.
So, we can combine a LIMIT clause with an OFFSET clause to produce a small result set that is different from a top-N query, in Impala 1.2.1 and higher.
Further, let's understand this with an example. In order to return items 11 through 20 with simulate "paged" results, we will use this technique.
Moreover, use this technique only for compatibility in cases where you cannot rewrite the application logic since Impala queries typically involve substantial amounts of I/O.
However, let's define it in simple words. Since we very well know the rows in the resultset of a select query starts from 0. So, to decide from where the output should be considered we use the offset clause.
For example, the result will be as usual if we choose the offset as 0. In the same way, the result starts from the fourth row if we choose the offset as 4.
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A Syntax of Offset Clause in Impala
So, the syntax for using Impala OFFSET Clause is-
select data from table_name Group BY col_name;
Impala Offset Clause Example
Lets take an example of Impala offset clause,
Basically, to understand, let's suppose we have a table named Employees in the database my_db. Further, its contents are −
[quickstart.cloudera:21000] > select * from Employees;
Query: select * from Employees
id name age address salary
3 kajal 27 alirajpur 40000
6 mehul 22 hyderabad 32000
1 shubham 32 delhi 20000
5 shreyash 23 pune 30000
2 monika 25 mumbai 15000
8 Rishabh 22 chennai 31000
9 Pulkit 23 Gandhi nagar 28000
7 Vaishnavi 25 Goa 23000
4 revti 25 indore 35000
Fetched 9 row(s) in 0.51s
Further, using limit and order by clauses, here we can arrange the records in the table in the ascending order of their id's and limit the number of records to 4.
Query: select * from Employees order by id limit 4
id name age address salary
1 shubham 32 delhi 20000
2 monika 25 mumbai 15000
3 kajal 27 alirajpur 40000
4 revti 25 indore 35000
Fetched 4 row(s) in 0.64s
Moreover, here is an example of the offset clause. Basically, we are getting the records in the Employees table in the order of their id's and printing the first four rows starting from the 0th row.
[quickstart.cloudera:21000] > select * from Employees order by id limit 4 offset 0;
So, we get the following result, on executing, the above query.
Query: select * from Employees order by id limit 4 offset 0
id name age address salary
1 shubham 32 delhi 20000
2 monika 25 mumbai 15000
3 kajal 27 alirajpur 40000
4 revti 25 indore 35000
Fetched 4 row(s) in 0.62s
Also, we can get four records from the Employees table starting from the row having offset 5.
[quickstart.cloudera:21000] > select * from Employees order by id limit 4 offset 5;
Query: select * from Employees order by id limit 4 offset 5
6 mehul 22 hyderabad 32000
7 Vaishnavi 25 Goa 23000
8 Rishabh 22 chennai 31000
9 Pulkit 23 Gandhi nagar 28000
Fetched 4 row(s) in 0.52s
So, this was all about Impala Offset Clause. Hope you like our explanation.
Conclusion
As a result, we have seen the whole concept of Impala OFFSET Clause. Still, if any doubt occurs, feel free to ask in the comment section.
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- "Remember that some of the greatest Mandalores were born or grew up far from our homeworld. [...] Mandalore the Hammerborn grew up in the alleys of Kol Atorn, learning accented Mando'a from the emigrants and exiles who had settled there."
- ―Tor Vizsla
Kol Atorn was a planet in the Kanz sector of the Outer Rim Territories. It was home to numerous Mandalorian immigrants and exiles. It was on Kol Atorn that the Mandalorian leader known to history as Mandalore the Hammerborn was born and raised. Growing up among the alleys of Kol Atorn, the future Mand'alor learned to speak the Mandalorian language of Mando'a with the local accent.
Behind the scenesEdit
Kol Atorn was first introduced to Star Wars canon in the 2013 bounty hunter reference guide The Bounty Hunter Code: From the Files of Boba Fett, co-authored Daniel Wallace, Jason Fry, and Ryder Windham.
- The Bounty Hunter Code: From the Files of Boba Fett (First appearance)


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Conservation of a twice 'Extinct' tree species in Tanzania
Erythrina schliebenii is a Critically Endangered tree species endemic to Tanzania. This charismatic species belongs to the genus of 'coral trees', which have beautiful red flowers and spiny trunks. E. schliebenii was only known from herbarium collections dating from 1934 and 1935 at Lake Lutamba in Lindi Rural District in southern coastal Tanzania. Following unsuccessful searches for the species in the area where these specimens were collected, and given the information that much of the area had been cleared for a cashew nut plantation, E. schliebenii was declared Extinct in The World List of Threatened Trees (Oldfield et al. 1998).
Following news that part of this area had then been cleared for a biofuel plantation in 2008, it was feared again that the species might well have been lost; however, it has since been confirmed as still present but is known only from this single locality with a population of only approximately twelve mature individuals, leading to its current status on the IUCN Red List as Critically Endangered.
Above: flowers of Erythrina schliebenii
Propagation material was successfully collected from E. schliebenii and five healthy seedlings have been cultivated by Mr. Lenin Festo, Grounds Officer at State House Ikulu in Dar es Salaam. These seedlings will be ceremonially planted in the grounds of State House and in Zanzibar on Union Day in 2014, to mark the 50th anniversary of the unification of Tanganyika and Zanzibar to form the United Republic of Tanzania. This event coincides with Arbor Day and will certainly be a day to celebrate the valuable conservation efforts of such an attractive species!
Mr. Festo, leading the ex-situ conservation efforts for this species, has recently been accepted to study the International Diploma in Botanic Garden Management at the Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. BGCI would like to take this opportunity to congratulate Mr. Festo.
Above: Mr. Lenin Festo
Erythrina schliebenii conservation assessment on the IUCN Red List
More information about the Royal Botanic Gardens Kew International Diploma in Botanic Garden Management


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If an individual dies, will his insurance be claimed by his beneficiaries or will it be divided among his creditors? This is one pressing question that has been hounding the insurance industry and almost everyone who holds a life insurance policy. Furthermore, there are many questions that arise regarding the implications of personal bankruptcy to life insurance claims.
In Australia, personal insolvency has been rising. Individuals may voluntarily file for personal bankruptcy especially if they cannot pay their debts anymore. For their part, their creditors can also apply to make those individuals bankrupt. In general, bankruptcy lasts for three years. However, it can be extended indefinitely under specific circumstances.
No one can be considered as immune from personal bankruptcy. It can afflict at risk professionals (like dentists, doctors, accountants, lawyers, engineers, and architects), company directors, and self-employed people. Possible work- or business-related litigation against such professionals can send them to bankruptcy. That is why the issue whether creditors could file to get claims from insurances is always significant.
In general, proceeds from life insurance claims may never be provided to and divided among creditors of an individual. The claims must be filed for and obtained by the rightful beneficiaries, no matter what the circumstance can be. Thus, life insurance products in Australia naturally protect an individual against implications of possible bankruptcy. Life insurance policies inside and outside superannuation will always provide protection against possible attempts by creditors to obtain the claims, which are rightfully belonging to policyholders and beneficiaries.


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Founder of One Stock One Future
Rendel serve as Principal for a firm that manages private equity investments for institutional (government and corporate) pension funds. ABOUT THE One Stock One Future PROGRAM Stock /stäk/ (noun): Ownership of a corporation indicated by shares, which represent a piece of the corporation's assets and earnings. We believe a single stock combined with curriculum on financial literacy will positively impact a child's trajectory in life. Like the logo, a child's path in life will have its ups and downs similar to the stock market. This initiative will be the catalyst that propels them toward a future that they did not believe was possible, helping them to break outside the confines of their neighborhood, like the arrow shooting out of the "O" in the logo. Students will be exposed to basic concepts related to ownership, money management, and investing. We will help children think like owners by first turning them into owners. We will turn One Million children into public company shareholders!! One Stock One Future is specifically looking for children ages 8-18 for the program. We will teach a basic class about company stock, help them setup investment accounts with their parents or guardians, and then donate one share of stock to immediately turn them into shareholders. After launching in Chicago, we will execute the same program in cities across the country like Milwaukee, St. Louis, Detroit, Cleveland, Indianapolis, Baltimore, Atlanta, Oakland, LA, until we turn one million children into shareholders!