text:
- 1 Is it best to boil or roast a gammon joint?
- 2 Do you have to boil gammon before roasting?
- 3 What is the best way to cook unsmoked gammon joint?
- 4 What is the difference between gammon and ham joint?
- 5 Do I need to soak a gammon joint before cooking?
- 6 Do you have to boil ham before baking?
- 7 How long does a gammon joint take to cook in the oven?
- 8 How do you keep roast gammon moist?
- 9 How do you cook a small unsmoked gammon joint?
- 10 How long does it take to cook an unsmoked gammon joint?
- 11 How do you cook unsmoked boneless gammon?
- 12 Is ham cooked gammon?
- 13 Does gammon become ham when cooked?
- 14 Is gammon joint processed meat?
- 15 Do you rinse ham before cooking?
- 16 Does boiling gammon remove salt?
- 17 What is the fastest way to get salt out of gammon?
- 18 How do you cook a gammon joint Delia in the oven?
- 19 How do you know if gammon is cooked in the oven?
- 20 How long do you boil a 1KG gammon joint for?
Is it best to boil or roast a gammon joint?
Should I boil ham before roasting it? To ensure the ham stays moist, it's best to boil it for half of the cooking time and then finish the cooking in the oven. It is also possible to boil ham for the entirety of the cooking time. But we find ham cooked this way is best served cold.
Do you have to boil gammon before roasting?
Do you need to boil a gammon before roasting? Not necessarily. However, boiling it first is much quicker and ensures the meat stays moist. But if you prefer not to boil your gammon or you don't have a big enough pan, you can just use the oven.
What is the best way to cook unsmoked gammon joint?
Method. Put the gammon in a large, deep saucepan. Add the tied herbs, onion, carrots, celery, peppercorns and cloves. Pour over enough cold water to cover the meat, then bring to the boil, cover with a lid, and lower to a gentle simmer for 1 hr 15 mins.
What is the difference between gammon and ham joint?
Both gammon and ham are cuts from the hind legs of a pig. Gammon is sold raw and ham is sold ready-to-eat. Gammon has been cured in the same way as bacon, whereas ham has been dry-cured or cooked. Once you've cooked your gammon, it's then called ham.
Do I need to soak a gammon joint before cooking?
- First soak the gammon to remove the excess salt. Talk to your butcher about the cure they've used – some are stronger than others, but most will need around 12-48 hours soaking. Cover the gammon in fresh water, changing it every 12 hours.
Do you have to boil ham before baking?
Depending on how the ham was cured, it will most probably be necessary to soak the ham for 24 hours before baking it. This step isn't necessary when boiling a ham as the boiling process automatically removes any excess salt, but it is a foolish errand to bake a salt cured ham without soaking..
How long does a gammon joint take to cook in the oven?
Roast gammon You can also roast your gammon joint in the oven. Similarly to calculating the cooking time for boiling, firstly you need to weigh your raw gammon joint, but this time, allow 30 minutes per 450g, plus an additional 30 minutes, and cook it at 180°C, 160°C Fan, Gas Mark 4.
How do you keep roast gammon moist?
To stop your gammon from drying out in the oven, or your glaze from burning due to the high sugar content, bring your gammon out and baste every 15-20 minutes to ensure it keeps moist and juicy!
How do you cook a small unsmoked gammon joint?
Cooking instructions: Oven Place joint in a roasting tray and cover loosely with foil. Place on the middle shelf of the oven. During cooking: Cook for 1 hour 15 mins. Remove foil for the last 30 mins of cooking.
How long does it take to cook an unsmoked gammon joint?
40 minutes per Kilo (20 minutes a lb). If over 5Kg (10lb) in weight reduce this to between 30 and 35 minutes per Kilo. 15 -17 minutes a pound. If under 2kg increase to 60 minutes a Kilo.
How do you cook unsmoked boneless gammon?
Cooking Instructions Instructions: 190°C/Fan 170°C/Gas 5 30 mins per 500g plus 30 mins Score surface to give crackling. Place joint in a roasting tin and wrap the exposed meat in foil ensuring the rind is left uncovered. Place onto the middle shelf of the oven and cook for 30 minutes per 500g plus 30 minutes.
Is ham cooked gammon?
Gammon is meat that has been cured (by being salted, brined or smoked) and sold raw, whereas Ham is meat that has been dry-cured or cooked, and is sold ready to eat. In a nutshell; when you've cooked your Gammon, it becomes Ham.
Does gammon become ham when cooked?
Well, to be honest, there isn't a great deal of difference, really, as once gammon is cooked, it becomes ham." Gammon is sold in supermarkets and by your local butcher raw, and requires cooking before you can eat it, whereas ham is ready to eat immediately, but both are made in a very similar way.
Is gammon joint processed meat?
Yep. "Processed meat" is any meat that's preserved by salting, smoking or curing, or by adding chemical preservatives. That means sausage, bacon, cold cuts like pastrami and salami, hot dogs and, yes, ham.
Do you rinse ham before cooking?
You don't need to wash a ham before baking. If you ask us, baked ham is delicious even when you leave it plain; however, scoring a diamond pattern with a chef's knife in the outer layer and brushing on a glaze during baking makes the ham a showy centerpiece and adds flavor.
Does boiling gammon remove salt?
Try boiling the ham. Boil the ham for about ten minutes. This can help leach out any remaining salt. Taste the ham after you have boiled it for about ten minutes. If it is still too salty, try boiling it for another one or two minutes.
What is the fastest way to get salt out of gammon?
If you still find it too salty, go ahead and try boiling briefly in fresh water (blanching) after soaking, and then plunging in ice water before you continue to glaze and roast.
How do you cook a gammon joint Delia in the oven?
Bake the ham in a pre-heated oven, gas mark 3, 325°F (160°C), for 20 minutes per lb (450 g). That would be 4 hours for a 12 lb (5.5 kg) ham or 4 hours 40 minutes for a 14 lb (6.5 g) ham. Thirty minutes before the end of the cooking time, remove the ham from the oven and turn the oven up to gas mark 7, 425°F (220°C).
How do you know if gammon is cooked in the oven?
Bake in the oven as per the roasting instructions and leave to cool in the water. Test that the gammon is cooked by inserting a knife and checking to see if the meat is tender. If it still has a "springy" feel cook for a further 15 minutes and test again.
How long do you boil a 1KG gammon joint for?
Cooking your Gammon 1. Weigh your meat to calculate cooking times. To work out your cooking time, allow 20 minutes per lb (1lb is 454g). For example for a 1KG gammon it's going to be 40 minutes.


text:
Bringing Natural Gas to Copenhagen
Washington, D.C. -The American Clean Skies Foundation (ACSF), the UN Foundation, and the Worldwatch Institute announced today that they are joining forces at the United Nations Climate Change Conference in Copenhagen to explore the potential for natural gas to accelerate the world's transition to a low-carbon economy. New sources of unconventional gas could make possible the more rapid displacement of oil and coal, while providing back-up power that will enable faster adoption of wind, solar, and other intermittent renewables.
The event, "Natural Gas, Renewables and Efficiency: Pathways to a Low-Carbon Economy," will be held at the Danish Society of Engineers building on December 12 from 13.30 to 17.30 and will focus on actions and policies to replace high-emitting fuels with natural gas and increase energy efficiency and the use of renewable energy. Confirmed speakers include Christopher Flavin, President of Worldwatch, Aubrey K. McClendon, Chairman of ACSF, and Timothy E. Wirth, President of the United Nations Foundation.
Panels of industry and government experts will discuss concrete strategies for boosting natural gas's role in national climate change policies, and to facilitate the introduction of intermittent renewable energy sources such as wind and solar power. Compared with coal, natural gas allows a 50-70 percent reduction in greenhouse gas emissions, depending on the application.
A full agenda for the Copenhagen program will be posted on the websites of all sponsoring organizations in advance of the event.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Engineering Consultancy & Technology Transfer:
PRODUCT DETAILS: Colloidal Sodium Silicates can have any ratio of Sio2/Na2O between 1.6 and 3.85. The usual ratios of 3.00 by mass are known as "NEUTRAL SILICATE" & 2.20 by mass are known as "ALKALINE SILICATE".
UGT PROCESS FOR SODIUM SILICATE MANUFACTURE
Normally Sodium Silicate or Water Glass is produced by Fusion Process with sand and soda ash at 1000°C. The UGT Process is an innovative energy efficient process for manufacture of Sodium Silicate without fusion.
The process of manufacture involves Mixing of constituent Chemicals in a Reaction vessel, Preheating, Digestion, and Neutralization with Special catalyst. After ageing, it is filtered and sent for storage. The UG Group can offer their exclusive process and transfer the technology and execute project on turnkey basis to the required specifications as per customer needs.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
- What Does 'Foliar Feed' Mean?
- Why Foliar Feed?
- Common Foliar Feeds
- Fulvic Acid
- Humic Acid
- Harpin Proteins
- Reynoutria sachalinensis
- Bacillus Subtilis
- Potassium Silicate
What Does 'Foliar Feed' Mean?
Foliar fertilizers are diluted fertilizer solutions, proprietary blends of nutrients, microbes or bio-stimulants that are meant to be applied directly to plant leaves. A spray with a smaller droplet size preferred for foliar feeds to increase its effectiveness. These sorts of sprays can be applied to clones, vegetative plants, and plants in early flower stages of growth. The goal is to provide plants with the necessary nutrients at an accelerated rate than uptake through the roots which is great for correcting nutrient deficiencies and other grower mistakes related to the plant in the garden.
Why Foliar Feed?
Foliar feeds will not replace a good soil or nutrient regimen, but can provide necessary nutrients for less stressful transitions, to improve Systemic Acquired Resistance (SAR), and provide nutrients for optimal growth. Even though the major pathway for nutrient uptake for cannabis plants is through the roots, it is still possible to provide plants with nutrients through its leaves. Leaves have a waxy cuticle that restricts water entry and causes water to bead up on the plant, preventing nutrients from being absorbed by the plant which is why it is also recommended to use a wetting agent (surfactant) to increase the coverage of the spray on the leaves. It is possible to damage plants if concentrations of nutrients in foliar applications are too high. Leaf damage and stress can occur and in extreme cases it can kill the plant if done incorrectly.
Common Foliar Feeds
Certain nutrients for plants can effectively be applied as a foliar feed at certain stages of growth. Foliar feed solutions should have their pH adjusted according to the label, but when in doubt it is safe to use the same pH level that is used for nutrient soil applications. Some of the most common products used for foliar feeds include: Heavy 16 Foliar, BioAg Ful-Power, Regalia, Photosynthesis Plus, Superzyme Biological Growth Factor, ThermX-70, and General Hydroponics Armor Si. Implementing a sound foliar feed schedule is easy, applications are usually repeated at 14-day intervals or as otherwise stated on the product label.
Fulvic acid can provide plants with trace minerals (such as copper, iron, manganese and zinc) and can increase the uptake of minerals in plants. In addition to this, fulvic acid can improve a plant's natural resistance to environmental stress. Molecules of fulvic acid are smaller than humic acid and are therefore more biologically active and faster-acting which is ideal for foliar feeds. Fulvic acid is considered one of the best ingredients for an effective foliar feed are usually come in liquid form.
Humates or humic substances like humic acid are chelators which help combine minerals into organic compounds to be more easily absorbed by plants and increasing bioavailability. Chelation can help turn insoluble nutrients and make them more soluble for uptake by plants. Most humic acid contains some fulvic acid as they are usually a component of humus or soil organic matter. Humic acid can come in both dry and liquid forms. It can commonly come in dark brown to black liquids.
Harpin proteins act by initiating a defense response in plants when applied. This defensive response can make a plant more resistant to several different fungal and bacterial diseases. Unlike most pesticides, harpin proteins will not interact with fungal spores and bacteria directly, instead it increases a plant's Systemic Acquired Resistance (SAR). Increasing a plant's SAR is ideal because unlike pesticides it does not allow pests to develop a resistance to the substance (2). There are Harpin proteins and Harpin αβ proteins available for purchase at many hydroponic grow stores and they are similar. Harpin αβ is a protein molecule that consists of fragments from other harpin proteins. Commercial production of Harpin αβ comes from genetically modified E. coli cultivated in labs. Harpin proteins are considered safe and are non-toxic to humans as well as the environment. They are relatively new to agriculture, as harpin protein products were first registered in the United States in the year 2000 and have only been gaining in popularity among growers since. You will typically find harpin proteins in powder form in products such as Axiom.
Otherwise known as giant knotweed extract, it works by improving a plant's immune system instead of targeting pests or plant diseases directly (5). Utilizing this active ingredient can activate the plant's internal defense system which can help prevent common cannabis-infecting fungi such as powdery mildew. There are no adverse effects on plants, animals, or the environment when used correctly. Extracts of reynoutria sachalinensis as a pesticide active ingredient was first registered in the United States relatively recently in the year 2000.
B. subtilis is a soil microorganism that is found almost anywhere and contributes to nutrient cycling when biologically active because of the various enzymes it produces (3). This spore-forming bacterium can inhibit plant pathogen growth in its early stages and induce a system acquired resistance (SAR) against certain plant pathogens that affect cannabis. According to the US EPA, B. subtilis is considered non-toxic to birds and mammals. It has no adverse effects to fish, but use should be limited in outdoor setting due to potential toxicity to bees. Effects on human health are relatively benign, but can be irritating to the skin if contact is made.
Saponin is a natural plant extract found in hundreds of different plants that contains antimicrobial properties, helps spread sprays across the plant's surface, and works well to increase water and fertilizer uptake (4). Water and fertilizer uptake increases when saponin reduces surface tension. Part of why saponins make great wetting agents is because they produce a foam when dissolved in water. This active ingredient serves in plant defensive mechanisms against microorganisms and various insects that affect cannabis plants. Therm X-70 is considered a natural wetting agent and contains saponin derived from the yucca plant. Extracts from the yucca plant commonly contain micronutrients like iron, zinc, manganese, and copper. Yucca extracts are also reportedly able to stimulate a plants' immune system which will boost their insect and plant pathogen resistance or systemically acquired resistance (SAR). Therm X-70 and other saponin based surfactants can make a great addition to a foliar feed or foliar pesticide application.
When a plant stores water between its cells, it uses silicic acid by converting silica. Silica is the second most abundant element in the Earth's crust (1). This means that if you are growing outdoors, it is likely that you do not need to add additional silica to the soil. Potassium silicate is a highly soluble source of potassium and silica that is used as a silica amendment in hydroponic grow setups with the addition of some potassium. Silica is not necessarily required for cannabis in high levels, therefore a deficiency is rare but potassium silicate can be effectively used to control disease mechanically when used as a foliar feed.
(2003). "Potassium Silicate for use in crop production". United States Department of Agriculture. NOSB TAP Review Compiled by UC SAREP.
Fontanilla M, Montes M, De Prado R. (2005). "Effects of the foliar-applied protein 'Harpin(Ea)' (messenger) on tomatoes infected with Phytophthora infestans". Departamento de Química Agrícola y Edafología, Universidad de Córdoba, España. Commun Agric Appl Biol Sci. 2005;70(3):41-5.
B. J. Jacobsen, N. K. Zidack, and B. J. Larson. (2004). "The Role of Bacillus-Based Biological Control Agents in Integrated Pest Management Systems: Plant Diseases". Phytopathology 2004 94:11, _PHONE_.
Dorota Kregiel, Joanna Berlowska, Izabela Witonska… (2017). Saponin-Based, Biological-Active Surfactants from Plants, Application and Characterization of Surfactants, Reza Najjar, IntechOpen, DOI: 10.5772/68062.
Daayf, F., Schmitt, A., & Belanger, R. R. (1997). "Evidence of Phytoalexins in Cucumber Leaves Infected with Powdery Mildew following Treatment with Leaf Extracts of Reynoutria sachalinensis". Plant physiology, 113(3), 719–727. doi:10.1104/pp.113.3.719.
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source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
and history of Cosmeston medieval settlement
The Cosmeston medieval settlement site was discovered
during excavations by the Glamorgan
Gwent Archaeological Trust Ltd. in 1977 and 1982, in
response to a development threat close to the known site of 'Cosmeston
Castle'. Archaeological investigations revealed the remains of 13th
and 14th century stone buildings, the Local Authority then invited
the Trust to undertake a long term research programme. Cardiff University
is now investigating the large archive of archaeological
finds from the GGAT excavations as part of the new project,
and conducting ongoing investigations such as landscape
survey and excavation
to increase knowledge about this unique site.
Excavations by Glamorgan Gwent Archaeological Trust
Image © Glamorgan Gwent Archaeological Trust Ltd.
Formerly in the Welsh kingdom of Morgannwg, Cosmeston lies within
the lands conquered by the Norman lord Robert Fitzhammon, and established
as the lordship of Glamorgan. One of his followers was the de Constentin
family, from the Constentin peninsular in northern France, who became
the first known lords of the manor at Constentinstune (Cosmeston)
'the place of the Constentins'. By 1317 the manor had passed to
the de Caversham family and then to the Herbert family by 1550.
During the 19th century the Bute family, famous for rebuilding Cardiff
Castle and the industrialisation of Cardiff's coal port, became
the owners of Cosmeston.
Village reconstruction. Image © Glamorgan Gwent
Archaeological Trust Ltd.
In the medieval period the manor of Cosmeston was a sub-manor of
Sully, forming part of the lordship of Glamorgan, and similar in
size to the present day parish of Lavernock.
The administrative centre of the manor was the manor house, which
at Cosmeston has been historically known as a 'castle'. In south
Wales manor houses of this period were often heavily fortified and
15th century references to Cosmeston mention a tower or corner bastion,
it appears to have been abandoned by 1437. Evidence of a manorial
garden and dovecot have also been found in the field south-west
of the manor house.
Medieval Fair Event at the village 2007. Image © Karolina Ploska.
The peasant farmers, who held land from the lord of the manor, usually
produced enough food to sustain their families, provide rent for
the land, and in a good year a surplus which could be traded for
money. At Cosmeston, in common with other local villages, their
buildings were made from locally available limestone bedded in courses
and mortared with clay. Each homestead was located within a block
of land known as a croft, typically 11/2 -2 acres in size. At Cosmeston
boundaries of some crofts can be seen as earthworks in a field on
the opposite side of the modern B4267 road, the original medieval
route being through the village. The farmstead, a group of three
buildings grouped around a central yard at Cosmeston, is very interesting
as many medieval farms in Wales consisted of a 'longhouse' where
people and animals lived at either end of the same building, and
not separately as in this case.The enclosed fields of the manorial
lord were known as the demesne, over which the peasants could not
exercise common rights of grazing, woodcutting or hunting.
This planned and managed landscape is likely to have existed around
Cosmeston as a direct consequence of the Norman conquest and settlement
of the Vale of Glamorgan in the early 12th century. Other types
of settlement also included small hamlets and isolated farmsteads,
two of which existed at nearby Sutton and Lavernock.
Cosmeston guide book © Glamorgan Gwent Archaeological Trust


What does tg stand for in environmental science?
What is the acronym of environmental science?
EVS
Acronym Definition
EVS Environmental Science
EVS environmental studies
EVS Enhanced Vision System
EVS Event Services
What are the 4 key terms in environmental science?
Terms in this set (13)
 - ecosystem. A system formed by the interaction of a community of organisms with their physical environment.
 - Biotic Factor. Any living part of the environment with which an organism might interact.
 - Abiotic Factor. …
 - organism. …
 - Species. …
 - population. …
 - community. …
 - habitat.
What is the abbreviation for growth rate environmental science?
Population Growth Rate (PGR)
What does NT stand for in environmental science?
Exponential growth model. (Nt=N0ert) A growth model that estimates a population's future size (Nt) after a period of time (t), based on the intrinsic growth rate (r) and the number of reproducing individuals currently in the populations (N0). You just studied 26 terms! 1/26. eacoy.
What is PPC in environmental science?
Pollution Prevention and Control (PPC) Permits.
What does PBR stand for in geography?
PBR basics
Plant breeder's rights (PBR) are used to protect new varieties of plants that are distinct, uniform and stable.
What is the meaning of growth rate?
Growth rates refer to the percentage change of a specific variable within a specific time period. For investors, growth rates typically represent the compounded annualized rate of growth of a company's revenues, earnings, dividends, or even macro concepts, such as gross domestic product (GDP) and retail sales.
THIS IS IMPORTANT: What is the scope of environmental audit?


Chapter 31. Configuring Global Build Defaults and Overrides
31.1. Overview
Developers can define settings in specific build configurations within their projects, such as configuring a proxy for Git cloning. Rather than requiring developers to define certain settings in each build configuration, administrators can use admission control plug-ins to configure global build defaults and overrides that automatically use these settings in any build.
The settings from these plug-ins are used only during the build process but are not set in the build configurations or builds themselves. Configuring the settings through the plug-ins allows administrators to change the global configuration at any time, and any builds that are re-run from existing build configurations or builds are assigned the new settings.
 - The BuildDefaults admission control plug-in allows administrators to set global defaults for settings such as the Git HTTP and HTTPS proxy, as well as default environment variables. These defaults do not overwrite values that have been configured for a specific build. However, if those values are not present on the build definition, they are set to the default value.
 - The BuildOverrides admission control plug-in allows administrators to override a setting in a build, regardless of the value stored in the build.
 The plug-in currently supports overriding the forcePull flag on a build strategy to force refreshing the local image from the registry during a build. This means that an access check is performed on an image every time a build starts, ensuring that users can build only with images they are allowed to pull. A forced refresh provides multitenancy for your build. However, you can no longer rely on the local cache of the image stored on the build node; you must always have access to the registry.
 The plug-in can also be configured to apply a set of image labels to every built image.
 For information on configuring the BuildOverrides admission control plug-in and the values you can override, see Manually Setting Global Build Overrides.
The default node selectors and the BuildDefaults or BuildOverrides admission plug-ins work together as follows:
 - The default project node selector, defined in the projectConfig.defaultNodeSelector field in the master configuration file, is applied to the pods created in all projects without a specified nodeSelector value. These settings are applied to builds with nodeSelector="null" on clusters where the BuildDefaults or BuildOverrides nodeselector is not set.
 - The cluster-wide default build node selector, admissionConfig.pluginConfig.BuildDefaults.configuration.nodeSelector, is applied only if the nodeSelector="null" parameter is set in the build configuration. nodeSelector=null is the default setting.
 - With a default project or cluster-wide node selector, the default setting is added as an AND to the build node selector, which is set by the BuildDefaults or BuildOverrides admission plug-ins. These settings mean that the build will be scheduled only to nodes that satisfy the BuildOverrides node selector AND the project default node selector.
 Note
 You can define a hard limit on how long build pods can run by using the RunOnceDuration plugin.
31.2. Setting Global Build Defaults
You can set global build defaults two ways:
31.2.1. Configuring Global Build Defaults with Ansible
During cluster installations, the BuildDefaults plug-in can be configured using the following parameters, which are configurable in the inventory file:
 - openshift_builddefaults_http_proxy
 - openshift_builddefaults_https_proxy
 - openshift_builddefaults_no_proxy
 - openshift_builddefaults_git_http_proxy
 - openshift_builddefaults_git_https_proxy
 - openshift_builddefaults_git_no_proxy
 - openshift_builddefaults_image_labels
 - openshift_builddefaults_nodeselectors
 - openshift_builddefaults_annotations
 - openshift_builddefaults_resources_requests_cpu
 - openshift_builddefaults_resources_requests_memory
 - openshift_builddefaults_resources_limits_cpu
 - openshift_builddefaults_resources_limits_memory
Example 31.1. Example Build Defaults Configuration with Ansible
# These options configure the BuildDefaults admission controller which injects
# configuration into Builds. Proxy related values will default to the global proxy
# config values. You only need to set these if they differ from the global proxy settings.
openshift_builddefaults_http_proxy=http://USER:PASSWORD@HOST:PORT
openshift_builddefaults_https_proxy=https://USER:PASSWORD@HOST:PORT
openshift_builddefaults_no_proxy=mycorp.com
openshift_builddefaults_git_http_proxy=http://USER:PASSWORD@HOST:PORT
openshift_builddefaults_git_https_proxy=https://USER:PASSWORD@HOST:PORT
openshift_builddefaults_git_no_proxy=mycorp.com
openshift_builddefaults_image_labels=[{'name':'imagelabelname1','value':'imagelabelvalue1'}]
openshift_builddefaults_nodeselectors={'nodelabel1':'nodelabelvalue1'}
openshift_builddefaults_annotations={'annotationkey1':'annotationvalue1'}
openshift_builddefaults_resources_requests_cpu=100m
openshift_builddefaults_resources_requests_memory=256Mi
openshift_builddefaults_resources_limits_cpu=1000m
openshift_builddefaults_resources_limits_memory=512Mi
# Or you may optionally define your own build defaults configuration serialized as json
#openshift_builddefaults_json='{"BuildDefaults":{"configuration":{"apiVersion":"v1","env":[{"name":"HTTP_PROXY","value":"_URL_"},{"name":"NO_PROXY","value":"ose3-master.example.com"}],"gitHTTPProxy":"_URL_","gitNoProxy":"ose3-master.example.com","kind":"BuildDefaultsConfig"}}}'
31.2.2. Manually Setting Global Build Defaults
To configure the BuildDefaults plug-in:
 1. Add a configuration for it in the /etc/origin/master/master-config.yaml file on the master nodes:
 admissionConfig:
 pluginConfig:
 BuildDefaults:
 configuration:
 apiVersion: v1
 kind: BuildDefaultsConfig
 gitHTTPProxy: _URL_ 1
 gitHTTPSProxy: _URL_ 2
 gitNoProxy: somedomain.com, otherdomain.com 3
 env:
 - name: HTTP_PROXY 4
 value: _URL_
 - name: HTTPS_PROXY 5
 value: _URL_
 - name: BUILD_LOGLEVEL 6
 value: 4
 - name: CUSTOM_VAR 7
 value: custom_value
 imageLabels:
 - name: url 8
 value: _URL_
 - name: vendor
 value: ExampleCorp Ltd.
 nodeSelector: 9
 key1: value1
 key2: value2
 annotations: 10
 key1: value1
 key2: value2
 resources: 11
 requests:
 cpu: "100m"
 memory: "256Mi"
 limits:
 cpu: "100m"
 memory: "256Mi"
 1
 Sets the HTTP proxy to use when cloning source code from a Git repository.
 2
 Sets the HTTPS proxy to use when cloning source code from a Git repository.
 3
 Sets the list of domains for which proxying should not be performed.
 4
 Default environment variable that sets the HTTP proxy to use during the build. This can be used for downloading dependencies during the assemble and build phases.
 5
 Default environment variable that sets the HTTPS proxy to use during the build. This can be used for downloading dependencies during the assemble and build phases.
 6
 Default environment variable that sets the build log level during the build.
 7
 Additional default environment variable that will be added to every build.
 8
 Labels to be applied to every image built. Users can override these in their BuildConfig.
 9
 Build pods will only run on nodes with the key1=value2 and key2=value2 labels. Users can define a different set of nodeSelectors for their builds in which case these values will be ignored.
 10
 Build pods will have these annotations


text:
Oct. 13, 2010 -- The idiom "a dog's life" suggests that pooches have it made when it comes to happiness, but new research indicates that the emotional states of dogs can be as varied as the moods of their owners.
Dogs can see their food bowls as half empty rather than half full, just as human pessimists see a glass of water as half empty instead of half full.
British researchers who tested separation reactions of dogs say they found that some dogs are more likely than others to become depressed and anxious when left alone, causing them to bark, scratch at doors, chew on furniture, and generally misbehave.
On the other hand, optimistic dogs are more likely to behave better and become more relaxed when left alone.
Mike Mendl, PhD, head of animal welfare and behavioral research at the University of Bristol, and colleagues, studied 24 dogs, males and females, that had been sent to two animal centers.
Each dog was tested beforehand for separation anxiety-related behaviors. A researcher played with each dog in an isolated room for 20 minutes.
The next day the dogs were taken back to their rooms and left alone for five minutes while video cameras recorded their behavior.
Some of the dogs barked, jumped on furniture, and scratched at the door, but the "optimistic" ones did not -- or didn't do it as much.
To study optimistic or pessimistic tendencies, the dogs were trained so that when a bowl was placed at one location in a room, it contained food, but when put somewhere else, it didn't. Then the bowls were placed at ambiguous locations between the positive and negative positions.
"Dogs that ran fast to these ambiguous locations as if expecting the positive food reward were classed as making relatively 'optimistic' decisions," Mendl says in a news release. "Interestingly, these dogs tended to be the ones who also showed least anxiety-like behavior when left alone for a short time."
He says about half of dogs may at some point engage in behaviors related to separation anxiety, such as barking, scratching, or tearing things up when separated from owners.
"Our study suggests that dogs showing these types of behavior also appear to make more pessimistic judgments generally," he says.
"We all have a tendency to think that our pets and other animals experience emotions similar to our own, but we have no way of knowing directly because emotions are essentially private," he says. "However, we can use findings from human psychology research to develop new ways of measuring animal emotion."
It's known that the emotional states of people affect their judgments, and that happy people are more likely to judge an ambiguous situation in a positive way. And it's apparently the same with dogs.
"What our study has shown is that this applies similarly to dogs -- that a 'glass-half-full' dog is less likely to be anxious when left alone than one with a more pessimistic nature," Mendl says.


text:
What will we do
Promote WBL will not only identify and share methods which help make work-based learning more effective, but it will also provide VET professionals with the knowledge and tools to make it happen through a dedicated online course. Our partnership aims to demonstrate that work-based learning in VET can be a win-win situation for both learners and the host employer.
Barriers to making this happen can be challenging to overcome. Issues we have identified include poor relationships and collaboration between VET providers and employers, and a significant skills gap among learners of transferable skills; especially their entrepreneurship capabilities. VET professionals play a key role in developing this agenda, as both relationship-builder with industry and as the deliverer of skills improvement in young people. Promote WBL will support the training of VET teachers to help their students to make the most of their work-based learning.
Through this we will support VET institutions to create a number of long-term collaborations between themselves and businesses of all sizes to create high quality work-based learning opportunities for their learners. It is also expected that, through Promote WBL's contribution to a more effective learning experience for students, we can help to influence an increase of early employment outcomes.


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Since introducing its first laser sight and weapon light in the 1980s, SureFire has set the standard by which weapon lights are judged. Now, the Fountain Valley, California, company redefines that standard with the X400, a tactical light that integrates a versatile high-output LED and visible targeting laser into a compact single unit.LEDs vs. incandescent bulbs
The SureFire X400 utilizes a state-of-the-art CREE LED (Light Emitting Diode). LEDs are based on solid-state semi-conductor technology. Unlike incandescent bulbs, they have no filament to burn out or break. They are also exceptionally power efficient, consuming 1/10 of the power of an incandescent bulb, enabling them to run longer.
Recoil is the enemy of the filament in incandescent bulbs. LEDs are inherently more shock resistant, making them immune to the effects of recoil.
SureFire considers 60 lumens to be the tactical-level threshold for an incandescent light. The tactical-level threshold for white LED light is 50 lumens, due to its higher color temperature. Of course, there's more to a tactical light than just light output. The ideal tactical beam has a bright center spot that provides a blinding beam surrounded by a soft corona of peripheral light to provide a search beam more suited for close-up operations. This isn't a problem with an incandescent bulb with a properly designed reflector, but LEDs are another matter.
Unlike incandescent bulbs, which have a spherical radiance, LEDs radiate their light in a 180-degree forward arc. There are two options — use a lens to achieve a more concentrated central spot of light, or use a specially designed reflector to achieve some degree of peripheral light around a bright center.
The X400 features a computer-engineered focusing lens with Total Internal Refection (TIR) to provide a tightly focused central bream and an enhanced peripheral corona. This lens allows the X400 to project a tightly focused beam at greater distances than comparably sized lights while at the same time producing a wider corona to accommodate peripheral vision.X400 details
The X400 is designed for close-quarters and longer-range applications. It's identical in white light performance to the X300 WeaponLight.
The beam from the X400, provided to Law Enforcement Technology testers for evaluation, was flawless. The tactical light produced a bright central beam with a wide background beam. The beam was even and well focused, without any rings or dark spots. The CREE LED produces a brilliant white beam.
The company rates the X400's output at 110 lumens. SureFire is conservative in these ratings. The company measures lumen output out the front of the light after losses from the lens and reflector are accounted for. In contrast, some manufacturers measure output at the emitter before losses are accounted for or simply use the LED's maximum rated output.
The X400's bezel window is constructed of tempered Pyrex glass for scratch-resistance and LED protection. Its thin, anti-reflective coating maximizes light transmission.
The lifetime of a CREE LED is rated at thousands of hours. For purposes of comparison, incandescent bulbs have a rated life of approximately 30 hours.
The X400 has a 635nm (red/orange) continuous wave (non-pulsing) ANSI Class IIIR (FDA Class IIIa) laser. The laser has a 5mW peak output. The laser aperture has a glass aspheric lens. The beam is tightly colimated for maximum power density. Dot size is approximately 0.5 inches at 50 feet. The laser on the X400 is fully adjustable for both windage and elevation with recessed Allen screws. The laser holds alignment to within one MOA.
This tactical light features a five-position rotary mode selector mounted at the rear of the laser housing. It allows the operator to choose between disable, white light only, laser and white light, laser only, and disable as the tactical situation dictates. Positive detents provide secure, tactile selection.
The X400 is powered by two 3-volt 123A lithium batteries, which are included. The X400 has a runtime of 2.4 hours of tactical-level white light on a set of batteries. For purposes of comparison, a 6-volt SureFire light with the 120-lumen P61 incandescent lamp assembly has a runtime of 20 minutes.
The light is built to military specifications. It features a precision-milled aerospace-grade T6-AL aluminum body with a Mil-Spec Type III hard-anodized black finish. The rails and rail adapter, machined from the same aluminum, are a nice upgrade to the X300. The X400 is O-ring and gasket sealed, making it waterproof to a depth of 66 feet.
The X400 measures 3.54 inches long by 1.56 inches wide by 1.86 inches high (with standard switch) and has a 1.06 diameter bezel. Its total weight (with batteries) is 4.4 ounces or less than a loaded pistol magazine.Switching options
SureFire's new offering features digital current regulation to maintain a consistent light output throughout the useable life of the batteries. The X400 also has a modular switching system with several switching options available.
This tactical light comes with an ambidextrous toggle/momentary pressure switch that provides momentary and constant-on activation. For constant-on operation, press the switch up or down. For momentary activation, push the switch forward. It's easily operated with the trigger finger in an indexed position (Uniform Cover Position) or with the thumb of the support hand. Momentary operation of the X400 requires the shooter to use his support hand when firing unless a remote pressure switch is employed.
Weapon-specific Dev Group (DG) remote switches for a variety of popular service pistols are available from SureFire for the X400. The DG Remote Tailcap Switch enables light activation with a center-mounted pressure pad on the handgrip's front strap. This gives the user precise control without altering his weapon grip.
SureFire is also developing different switching options for use on shoulder arms. The waterproof XT-07 Rail Mount Tape Switch is an example. The XT-07 includes a disable feature, constant click on/off push button, and a momentary-on tape switch attached via a 7-inch cable connected to a replacement tailcap. Simply pop off the standard rocker switch tailcap and pop on the XT07. The tape and rocker switches are integrated onto a molded urethane brace that is flexible enough to snap onto a Picatinny rail. The constant-on push-button switch and momentary tape switch operate independently.Integrated rail system
The X400 is designed to fit the Picatinny rail and the Universal Standard rail. The X400 mounts on the weapon using a Nylok screw clamp mount. It's a very solid mount that provides excellent boresight repeatability, and although it sacrifices the quick detach and quick installation of a lever latch, it takes little time to install and remove. The X400 includes interchangeable spacer blocks for Universal and Picatinny rails because Universal and Picatinny rails have different specifications and require different adapters for a proper fit.
The X400 provides a superb light and laser for long guns when employed with the XT-07 removable tape switch module for the X-Series. The X400 is especially suited for use on compact assault rifles, PDWs, SMGs and pistol-caliber carbines. The integrated system eliminates the "module stack up" that would be the case where a separate laser sight and illuminator are employed.
The era of LED lighting is upon us. Australia has banned the sale of incandescent bulbs after 2010. The U.S. Department of Energy predicts affordable, efficient LED lamps will be lighting everyone's homes by 2025. Cities around the globe have already saved millions by replacing fluorescent and incandescent lights with state-of-the-art LEDs. And now SureFire has revolutionized law enforcement tactical lighting by producing a flashlight that combines a targeting laser with a high-output LED.
Eugene Nielsen is a private consultant. The former police officer can be reached at _EMAIL_.


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The Fighting Fantasy Project
hosts a collection of original adventures based on the popular gamebook system. Originally devised by Steve Jackson and Ian Livingstone, Fighting Fantasy was a series of gamebooks that played out like choose-you-own-adventure stories. Each gamebook would consist of around 400 short numbered passages of text and the reader would be given options as to how they wanted the story to develop.
The gamebooks featured on the site are played directly through your browser. Game progress can effectively be saved by copying or bookmarking the current page's URL for later recall.
Adventures are typically fantasy-themed and have the reader encountering monsters and collecting possessions throughout the adventure.
Name: Fighting Fantasy Project


What is the Kaleidoscope Project?
Interviews and conversations with experts on sustainability, design and innovation, reflecting theory and generating actions between a diverse range of disciplines including design [product, fashion, graphic, web, architects and interiors], science, art, activists, business, psychology and academia.
The 5 Kaleidoscope Videos, split into four different values; Balance, Meaning, Innovation and Culture. During each interview we asked how each value is seen and practised today and how they should be practiced in order to move towards a better future. The last video focuses on the tools and skills that we need to get to that better future, acting as a call to arms for designers and professionals about the need for rethink the way we practice our disciplines.
This short film is the final film, Tools & Skills.
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The Thien Audible Tension Gauge for Bandsaws (Beta)
Copyright (c) 2009, J. Phil Thien. All rights reserved.
The purpose of this interactive worksheet is to determine the frequency a properly tensioned bandsaw blade should generate when plucked. By entering just six numbers, we will compute that frequency. Sample files of "virtual blades" being plucked aid the user of this worksheet in adjusting their saw's tension.
More on tension
Questions & answers
Step #1. Determine the weight of your bandsaw blade. To do this, weigh the blade on a digital kitchen scale set to GRAMS. We use grams instead of ounces because most kitchen scales are more precise when resolving in grams.
blade weight (grams!)
Want to give it a test-spin? Try entering 84 grams, the weight of my 72-1/2" Blade Runner blade.
Step #2. For our computations, we need to know the length of the blade, in inches.
blade length (inches)
Want to give it a test-spin? Try 72.5, which is the length of saw blade for my saw.
Step #3. Now we need to know the thickness of your bandsaw blade. For best results, measure with one of those inexpensive digital calipers. You should also be able to get this data from the blade manufacturer.
blade thickness (inches)
Want to give it a test-spin? Try.022, which is the thickness of my Blade Runner blade.
Step #4. We're getting there. Now we need to know the blade's width at the narrowest section (in the gullet). I'll get a picture up how to measure this up soon. But basically, you want to measure the blade body (not counting the teeth).
blade width (inches)
Want to give it a test-spin? Try.390, the width of my 1/2" blade runner excluding the teeth.
Step #5. Almost done. Now we need to install the blade on the saw, and tension it. Just take the slack out of the blade, that's all the tension we need. Now, measure the distance between the two centers of your bandsaw's wheels. This is our beam length, or how long of an unsupported distance the blade spans.
wheel separation (inches)
Want to give it a test-spin? Enter 19.75, the distance between by axles when the blade is pre-tensioned.
Step #6. Now we just need to know the tension you desire. Manufacturers of blades typically suggest everything from 15000 up to 30000-PSI, with 20000-PSI pretty common for woodworking blades.
desired tension (PSI)
Want to give it a test-spin? Enter 15000, the PSI suggested by the manufacturer for my Blade Runner blade.
Step #7.
Enter the values above, then click on the "calculate" button to determine the tuning frequency...
If you were following the test-spin, you should have received an answer of 78.95-Hz.
Frequency samples
Once we've computed the frequency, you can use the files below to hear what a blade tensioned to that frequency should sound like. These are MIDI files, which should open in MS MediaPlayer (or any other suitable MIDI player).
20.601-Hz (midi16.mid)
38.890-Hz (midi27.mid)
73.416-Hz (midi38.mid)
138.591-Hz (midi49.mid)
21.826-Hz (midi17.mid)
41.203-Hz (midi28.mid)
77.781-Hz (midi39.mid)
146.832-Hz (midi50.mid)
23.124-Hz (midi18.mid)
43.653-Hz (midi29.mid)
82.406-Hz (midi40.mid)
155.563-Hz (midi51.mid)
24.499-Hz (midi19.mid)
46.249-Hz (midi30.mid)
87.307-Hz (midi41.mid)
164.813-Hz (midi52.mid)
25.956-Hz (midi20.mid)
48.999-Hz (midi31.mid)
92.498-Hz (midi42.mid)
174.614-Hz (midi53.mid)
27.500-Hz (midi21.mid)
51.913-Hz (midi32.mid)
97.998-Hz (midi43.mid)
184.997-Hz (midi54.mid)
29.135-Hz (midi22.mid)
55.000-Hz (midi33.mid)
103.826-Hz (midi44.mid)
195.997-Hz (midi55.mid)
30.867-Hz (midi23.mid)
58.270-Hz (midi34.mid)
110.000-Hz (midi45.mid)
207.652-Hz (midi56.mid)
32.703-Hz (midi24.mid)
61.735-Hz (midi35.mid)
116.540-Hz (midi46.mid)
220.000-Hz (midi57.mid)
34.647-Hz (midi25.mid)
65.406-Hz (midi36.mid)
123.470-Hz (midi47.mid)
223.081-Hz (midi58.mid)
36.708-Hz (midi26.mid)
69.295-Hz (midi37.mid)
130.812-Hz (midi48.mid)
246.914-Hz (midi59.mid)
PLEASE NOTE: As I'm still in the testing phase, I encourage you to proceed with caution. If it seems like you are overtensioning or undertensioning, please contact me and let's work through it. You assume all responsibility for using this site and my method.
More on tension
The topic of bandsaw tension is perhaps second only to dust collection in its ability to spark heated discussions among woodworkers.
My current bandsaw (a Delta BS150LS) has no tension gauge. It is a direct-drive 10" bandsaw with a 1/2-HP motor, and 7" of resaw capability (and I've resawed 7" stock with it, too). But like I said, there is absolutely no tension gauge to guide the user in setting blade tension. The manual instructs the user to turn the tension knob until all the slack is removed from the blade. Then, depending on the size of the blade, the user is instructed to turn the knob from 3 to 7 more times (3 turns for a 1/4" blade, 7 turns for a 3/8" blade).
This has worked sorta alright. The results were very repeatable, but I had no idea if I was achieving the 15k to 25k-PSI tension that the band manufacturers typically recommend. Thicker stock (resawing) tended to give me more problems than cutting thinner stock. I often assumed the tension had something to do with that, but I had no way of knowing for sure.
I had even greater difficulty when I decided to try a 1/2" Blade Runner band on the saw. The Blade Runner (from Iturra Design) is made from the same Atlanta Sharptech stock as the Wood Slicer blades from Highland Hardware. These blades have done very well in the reviews (winning the Fine Woodworking blade shoot-out, for example). But, the manual for my saw offered no guidance in tensioning a 1/2" blade. While the band fit, and I seemed to have no problem achieving lots of tension with it in place, I had no idea how many turns of the tension knob were required to properly tension it.
So I considered purchasing an aftermarket tension gauge. Typically selling for $100 to $300, these clamp to the blade and measure how much a band stretches as it is tensioned. Young's modulus is used in order to convert the measured stretch to tension (in PSI). However, Mark Duginske, a noted bandsaw expert and author of at least a couple of bandsaw books, has argued that these aftermarket gauges fall short. Testing performed by Mike Cutler (a materials engineer) on Mr. Duginske's behalf indicated that the gauges are neither accurate, nor repeatable. Mr. Duginske announced these findings in one of the woodworking forums and both Mr. Duginske and Mr. Cutler had to immediately begin defending their findings. Several users of the gauges were unwilling to accept the results of the tests. However, it is clear that the tests were exhaustive, with standards traced back to NIST (National Institute of Standards and Testing). Mr. Cutler spent hours speaking with engineers at Delta and blade manufacturers. The results were accurate, the aftermarket gauges were not.
I was aware of shop-made gauges. These pretty much emulate the spendy aftermarket gauges I mention above (clamping to the blade to measure stretch). While they're certainly much less expensive to make than to buy ($20 instead of $100 and up), if the $100 to $300 gauges are neither accurate not repeatable, I didn't see the sense of making a copy of one. Yet on one rainy Saturday afternoon I did experiment with shop-made solutions. I had less than satisfactory results.
[The reason I imagine these gauges don't work well (in case you were wondering) is that they rely on the user's ability to get them on an untensioned blade such that the blade is perfectly straight and true between


What Is A Bank Levy And How Do I Fix It?
At some point in your life, you might be slapped with a bank levy. Before you panic, keep in mind that this is a fixable issue with the right tax attorneys and lawyers. If you're stressed out over a bank levy, here's everything you need to know.
What is a bank levy?
One of the first questions you might find yourself asking is "what is a bank levy?" This type of levy is a court-sanctioned legal action that enables creditors to take money from your bank account if you have a debt.
The creditor will receive a court order against you in order to pay off a debt. As such your bank account is frozen and you won't be able to touch the funds in your accounts until the debt is paid off. All new money going into your account will go directly to the creditor who has ordered the levy. Keep in mind that the IRS can also order a bank levy. The IRS makes regular audits and can audit a business within three years of the filing date. In fact, the IRS can move to collect back taxes owed up to 10 years ago.
Can I stop it?
It can be difficult to stop a bank levy because the creditor has won a case against you. They have the legal right to freeze your account. However, there is a time before money is removed from your account where the creditor or the bank will inform you that a levy is employed. This is when you'll want to talk to tax attorneys about how to stop a levy on your bank account.
Here are some of the primary ways you and your tax lawyer can stop a levy:
 - Create a payment arrangement with the creditor in question. Once you have made arrangements to repay your debts, the creditor may remove the levy on your account.
 - You were unaware of the court lawsuit. In the event the lawsuit was made against you without notifying you, your tax attorneys can work to have the court judgment null and void.
 - You were a victim of identity theft. If you are unaware you owe funds because you were a victim of identity theft, you and your tax attorneys will need to prove you didn't receive the money from the creditors.
 - Bankruptcy. Filing for bankruptcy can halt the process for a period of time.
 - It's an old debt. If you can prove the statute of limitations has passed on a debt, you can have the levy removed.
If you're struggling with a bank levy on your account, contact the best tax attorneys and tax lien lawyers with Whelan Tax. Get the representation you deserve.


text:
LONDON (Dec. 27)
Dr. Ignatz Zollschan, famous radiologist, anthropologist and author, died here today after an unsuccessful operation to halt the progress of cancer. He was 71.
Born in Erlach, Austria, Dr. Zollschan lived in Carlsbad until the war. During the war he spoke on racial problems on broadcasts beamed from London to Germany. Earlier, he lectured at the Hebrew University in Jerusalem. Among the books he wrote are "The Racial Problem" and "Revision of Jewish Nationalism." He was a Fellow of the Royal Anthropological Society, a permanent member of the International Anthropological Congress and a member of the Council of the World Jewish Congress.


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Weathering the Storm: Adolescent Girls and Climate Change
This report calls for better integration of adolescent girls' needs in climate change adaptation and disaster risk management policies and programmes, based on interviews with girls involved in Plan's programmes in Ethiopia and Bangladesh.
The impacts of climate change are different for different populations. While inevitably children everywhere are badly affected, the report illustrates how girls, in particular, are bearing the greatest burden. The report describes how increased climate stresses are exposing a growing number of adolescent girls to very specific risks:
- more girls and women are dying during disasters
- an increasing number are enduring early and forced marriages
- more girls are being exposed to sexual violence and the curtailment of their education.
The girls were clear on where they felt that policy priorities should be targeted. They want:
- greater access to quality education where they can learn skills to improve their adaptive capacity
- greater protection from violence, especially early forced marriage, sexual violence and forced labour
- they want their concerns to be heard and acted upon by policy makers.


text:
Sensitivity analysis of operational performance under conventional diamond interchange and diverging diamond interchange
Park, Sung Jun
MetadataShow full item record
Rapidly growing traffic volumes and changes in traffic patterns over time have forced many intersections and interchanges into sub-optimal operation. Diverging diamond interchange (DDI) is one of many innovative interchange designs currently being proposed and implemented to better accommodate these changes. This study compares the operational performance of a conventional diamond interchange (CDI) and a DDI at different traffic volumes and turning movement combinations, and explores conditions for which one interchange design may be more advantageous over the other. To achieve this objective, traffic simulation models built using the microscopic simulation software, VISSIM, and procedures involving the Critical Lane Volume (CLV) method were used to conduct sensitivity analyses at different traffic conditions and to explore differences in delay, travel time, queue length, number of stops, and volume-to-capacity ratio between the two interchange designs studied. The results of the study show that the DDI will have better operational performance at high cross street traffic volumes with high left-turn ratio (above 50%), while the CDI will perform better at low cross street traffic volumes with low left-turn ratio (below 30%). The through/left proportion where the CDI and DDI has similar performance is dependent to the cross street cross sections. This study is one of the first to examine in detail the parameters and conditions that are best accommodated by the DDI related to conventional interchanges. Findings from this study can support planning and decision making processes associated with the implementation of DDIs.


text:
Bioethics 25 (9):516-526 (2011)
|Abstract||Objectives: To investigate whether Chinese adolescents in Hong Kong share similar perceptions with their Western counterparts regarding their capacity for autonomous decision-making, and secondarily whether Chinese parents underestimate their adolescent children's desire and capacity for autonomous decision-making.Method:'Healthy Adolescents' and their parents were recruited from four local secondary schools, and 'Sick Adolescents' and their parents from the pediatric wards and outpatient clinics. Their perceptions of adolescents' understanding of illnesses and treatments, maturity in judgment, risk-taking, openness to divergent opinions, pressure from parents and doctors, submission to parental authority and preference for autonomy in medical decision-making are surveyed by a 50-item questionnaire on a five-point Likert scale.Results: Findings indicate that Chinese adolescents aged 14–16 perceive themselves to possess the necessary cognitive abilities and maturity in judgment to be autonomous decision-makers like their Western counterparts. Paradoxically, although they hesitate to assert their autonomy, they are also unwilling to surrender that autonomy to their parents even under coercion or intimidation. Parents tend to underestimate their adolescents' preferences for making autonomous decisions and overestimate the importance of parental authority in decision-making.Conclusion:'14-and-above' Chinese adolescents in Hong Kong perceive themselves as capable of autonomous decision-making in medically-related matters, but hesitate to assert their autonomy, probably because of the Confucian values of parental authority and filial piety that are deeply embedded in the local culture|
|Keywords||No keywords specified (fix it)|
|Through your library||Configure|
Similar books and articles
Ferdinand Schoeman (1985). Parental Discretion and Children's Rights: Background and Implications for Medical Decision-Making. Journal of Medicine and Philosophy 10 (1):45-62.
Kate Read, Conrad Vincent Fernandez, Jun Gao, Caron Strahlendorf, Albert Moghrabi, Rebecca Davis Pentz, Raymond Carlton Barfield, Justin Nathaniel Baker, Darcy Santor, Charles Weijer & Eric Kodish, Decision-Making by Adolescents and Parents of Children with Cancer Regarding Health Research Participation.
Kristina Orfali & Elisa Gordon (2004). Autonomy Gone Awry: A Cross-Cultural Study of Parents' Experiences in Neonatal Intensive Care Units. Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics 25 (4):329-365.
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text:
Schooner Excelsior (VT-CH-796)
One of the vessels in the Pine Street Canal Breakwater site has been identified through the historical record and the preliminary documentation of the extant remains as the 1850 schooner Excelsior.
The October 17, 1885 issue (4:1) of the Burlington Free Press reports that "The spars of the old schooner Excelsior, which was sunk at the mouth of the cove [Pine Street Canal] last fall, were removed yesterday. This was one of the largest schooners that used to ply on the lake."
Excelsior's last enrollment papers provide the following information on the vessel:
Permanent Enrollment (P.E.) No. 4 issued at Burlington on May 20, 1884, which lists Mary A. Kiernan of Burlington as owner, and Henry Dupee as master. The vessel (Official Number 8092) was built at Willsboro in 1850. Her enrollment describes her as having one deck and two masts and being a schooner-rigged vessel with a moulded bow, plain head, and a transom moulded stern. Her measurements were: length 87ft (26.5m), breadth 25ft (7.6m) and depth 7ft (2.1m). Gross tonnage was listed as 99.08 and net tonnage as 94.13.
The 1990 reconnaissance survey reported the wreck as the "lower portion of a vessel hull". The 2004 examination found what was earlier thought likely to be a canal boat wreck, was instead that of a mid to late nineteenth century lake vessel. The vessel is broken into two sections. The forward portion of the hull lies on the northern side of the northern Pine Street Canal breakwater. The stern is located west of the 1893 breakwater. It is believed that the stern of Excelsior was ripped from the vessel and deposited in its current location when the basin was reopened in 1960/1961.
The forward part of the hull has a preserved length of 52ft 2in (16m) and a beam of 23ft (7m). These remains consist only of the lower 2 to 4ft (61 to 122cm) of the hull. Toward amidships the boat is preserved only to the turn of the bilge, while at the bow the remains project 3ft (.91m) above the bottom with an estimated 1ft (30.5cm) or so buried. The starboard side of the boat is partially covered with rubble from the collapsed breakwater.
The stem is still present, although it is detached from the hull, and is partly buried by rubble. It is 9ft 2in (2.75m) tall with an iron band on its forward face.
A saddle maststep runs transversely across most of the breadth of the bow. It is located 15ft (4.5m) aft of the presumed original location of the stem. It has a rectangular hole for accepting the base of the mast. The mast stump lies in the bottom of the hull just forward of the saddle. The forward position of this step helps confirm the vessel's identification as a schooner.
The preserved length of the centerboard trunk is 20ft (6m), although its after end is no longer extant. The trunk is set just to the starboard of the boat's centerline. The base of the centerboard is still in the trunk.
The boat has a keelplank rather than a true keel. The underside of the keel has a thin layer of sacrificial planking, or false keel. The keelson is at least 12 in (30.5cm) moulded and sided. The frames are approximately 6in (15cm) moulded and sided. The turn of the bilge is rounded. Planking is preserved to the turn of the bilge at the stern of the wreck, with more preserved toward the bow. The shape of the hull is flat bottomed with a relatively bluff bow. Construction is plank on frame with iron fasteners.
Although the hull contained significant quantities of modern trash, researchers did observe several rigging elements including a snatch block, a block and a sheave. Portions of the starboard side of the boat are buried by rubble from the breakwater.
Located outside of the 1893 breakwater is a section of vessel wreckage that is believed to be the stern of Excelsior. The remains consist of a portion of the keel, sternpost, shoe, gudgeon, and planking. Interestingly, the stern assembly is upside down and it is unclear how much more of the structure is buried in the lake bottom sediments.
The bottom of the keel is exposed for 25ft (7.6m) and is composed to two timbers scarfed together with a short diagonal scarf. The bottom face of keel was originally protected by a 2in (5cm) thick false keel. A 6ft 4in (1.9m) section of the false keel remains, and is similar to the false keel in the bow section. The aft keel timber does not have a false keel, but its forward end is notched to seat the after end of the false keel, which originally overlapped the scarf joint. The aft keel timber, which is 10ft 8in (3.3m) long, is tapered, measuring 10in (25.4cm) molded and 8in (20.3cm) sided at its forward end and swelling to 14in (35.6cm) molded at its terminus. The forward keel timber is 8in (20.3cm) sided and molded.
A 12in (30.5cm) molded and 8in (20.3cm) sided stern post is mortised into the aft end of the keel. The forward face of this timber has a 2in (5cm) deep rabbet to accept the hood ends of the hull planking. Only portions of two hull planks are visible above the mud line. These planks are 2in (5cm) thick and 8in (20.3cm) wide and are fastened with iron spikes. An iron gudgeon is also visible on the stern assembly. The iron gudgeon is fastened through the sternpost and lowest hull plank with iron bolts and has a 3in (7.6cm) diameter opening to accept the pintle.
While it cannot be conclusively stated that this stern wreckage belonged to the schooner found inside the breakwater, its dimensions, similarity in construction, and location suggest that it did. Further excavation and documentation of both hull components will allow for a conclusive determination.
Excelsior Historic Analysis
In determining that the wreckage of VT-CH-796 was the schooner Excelsior, researchers examined the information known about individual schooners on Lake Champlain. There were four or possibly five, nineteenth century lake schooners that had a beam of 23ft (7m) or greater that were considered, but Excelsior was the best fit for dimensions and history:
Daniel Webster, a lake sloop built at Burlington, VT in 1837, having dimensions of 86ft by 25.75ft by 6ft (26.2m by 25.8m by 1.83m). She was reported to be schooner rigged in 1858. Her beam of nearly 26ft (8m) seems to be a little wide and her depth of 6ft (1.8m) a little shallow. (The 9ft 2in [3 m] stem on VT-CH-796 indicates a fairly deep vessel). The unusual transverse mast step has not been seen before in Burlington built vessels. What became of the Daniel Webster is not known.
- Gen. Scott, a schooner built at Champlain, NY in 1839, had dimensions of 80ft by 26ft by 5ft (24.4m by 8m by 1.5m). This vessel's beam is probably too wide and depth too shallow. The Gen. Scott's enrollment papers were surrendered at Burlington in 1872, and the vessel was reported as being abandoned (location and actual date not given).
- T.D. Chapman, a schooner built at Whitehall, NY in 1848 with dimensions of 106.5ft by 25.3ft by 6.2ft (32.5m by 7.7m by 1.8m). This vessel is probably too long, but the beam and depth are reasonable. No record of the vessel's service or disposition has been found to date.
- American, a schooner built at Willsboro, NY in 1848 with dimensions of 88ft by 24ft by 6ft (26.8m by 7.3m by 1.8m). Although dimensions are reasonable (beam and depth probably a little small), the schooner was reported beached for breaking-up on the New York shore in 1879.
- Excelsior, schooner built at Willsboro, NY in 1850 with dimensions of 87ft by 25ft by 7ft (25.5m by 7.6m by 2.1m). The beam is consistent with the probable original beam of VT-CH-796 and the depth, the deepest of the other three or four named schooners, probably is reasonable for a


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Is 2 John the shortest book in the Bible?
II John has the fewest number of verses (13) of any book in the Bible – it is the shortest book (by verse) in the Bible, consisting of 298 words.
What is the shortest chapter in the KJV Bible?
Psalm 117, the shortest chapter, is also the middle chapter of the Bible, being the 595th Chapter.
Is Ruth the shortest book in the Bible?
The Book of Ruth (meaning pity or compassion) is the eighth book of the Old Testament (Christian), and the Tanakh (Jewish). It is one of the shortest books in both the Jewish and Christian holy books, consisting of only four chapters.
What is the second shortest Bible verse?
"Jesus Wept," John 11:35 is the shortest in English, "Rejoice Always" Thessalonians 5:16 is second, and Pray Without Ceasing, Thessalonians 5:17 is the third.
Who is the chosen lady in 2 John?
Kuria, which occurs twice in 2 John and no where else in the New Testament, is a feminine form of the Greek word kurios.
What is the shortest book in the Holy Bible?
The text consists of a single chapter, divided into 21 verses, making it the shortest book in the Hebrew Bible.
Book of Obadiah.
Is Psalm 118 the middle of the Bible?
Psalm 118 is the 118th psalm of the Book of Psalms, beginning in English in the King James Version: "O give thanks unto the LORD; for he is good: because his mercy endureth for ever." The Book of Psalms is part of the third section of the Hebrew Bible, and a book of the Christian Old Testament.
What is the middle word in the Bible?
The word Jehovah occurs 6,855 times. The middle book of the Old Testament is Proverbs. The middle chapter is Job XXIX. The middle verse is 2nd Chronicles, chap.
What is the longest prayer in the Bible?
John 17:1–26 is generally known as the Farewell Prayer or the High Priestly Prayer, given that it is an intercession for the coming Church. It is by far the longest prayer of Jesus in any of the gospels.
Who was Obadiah's wife?
According to 1 Kings 18:4, Obadiah hid a hundred prophets of God in two caves, fifty in each, to protect them from Jezebel, Ahab's wife.
Who wrote majority of the Bible?
Traditionally, 13 of the 27 books of the New Testament were attributed to Paul the Apostle, who famously converted to Christianity after meeting Jesus on the road to Damascus and wrote a series of letters that helped spread the faith throughout the Mediterranean world.
What book in the Bible has the smallest shortest chapter?
Consisting of only two verses, Psalm 117 is the shortest psalm and also the shortest chapter in the whole Bible. In the slightly different numbering system in the Greek Septuagint and the Latin Vulgate version of the Bible, this psalm is Psalm 116.
What is the shortest verse in Matthew?
Matthew 5:18 is the eighteenth verse of the fifth chapter of the Gospel of Matthew in the New Testament and is part of the Sermon on the Mount. Jesus has just reported that he came not to destroy the law, but fulfil it.
Who is the oldest man mentioned in the Bible?
According to the chronology of the Bible, Methuselah died one week before the Great flood; He was also the oldest of all the figures mentioned in the Bible. Methuselah is mentioned once in the Hebrew Bible outside of Genesis; in 1 Chronicles 1:3, he is mentioned in a genealogy of Saul.
How many books are in the Bible?
Current English Bible consists of 66 books in the Bible contains a total of 72 books 73. Were written within a lifetime of the Christian Bible is the odd one out | 29 | 37 which…


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Polarized light glinting off solar panels acts as an attractant to aquatic insects that see polarized light as a water indicator. Solar arrays are lethal to aquatic insects because the insects, mesmerized by the polarized light, fly over the solar panel surface until they die of exhaustion. Insects are important because they are food for fish and other species.
Knowing that solar arrays are lethal to aquatic insects provides more reason to locate solar projects in cities and developed areas rather than disrupt the pristine habitat of deserts and other fragile eco-systems.
Photos: Caddis Fly Image| Mayflies on Water| Bruce Robertson
Fatally Attractive Solar Panels
2,313 clicks in 153 w
More Stats +/-


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Fiona Delaney, Chair @BCIRL #Startups attended EU Blockchain Week in the handsome city of Ljubljana during the period of the Slovenian EU Presidency.
Representing Blockchain Ireland she spoke at the Innovation Ecosystems panel on opening day, where representatives across Europe shared insights from research, industry and the legal profession to talk about our national blockchain ecosystems and how we can grow and learn together.
Delaney framed the Irish ecosystem as one of 'early-adoptive decentral innovation', one that Blockchain Ireland acts as a focal point for, coming together to address stakeholder needs in an active community of practice.
Moderator, Nena Dukozov, leads the New Economy and Blockchain project at the Ministry of Economic Development and Technology declared a 'decentral ecosystem of early-adoptive decentral ecosystems' one that shares, co-creates and propels greater visibility of emerging DLT practices across Europe and globally. Slovenia will seek to formalise this innovation ecosystems approach at the EU Blockchain Partnership in December later this year.
Prof. Joyce O'Connor, Chair @Blockchain Ireland, Education and Skills WG also virtually participated in the Conference on the Blockchain and AI panel and calls for our own government to create a roadmap for industry growth, workplace planning and societal career options, that recognises blockchain as a facilitator for other technologies including AI and AR, helping us develop and grow opportunities into the future.
During the Conference, the Slovenian government launched two state-backed NFT initiatives for the Slovenian showcase at Dubai Exbo, that support Slovenian industrial design and Slovenian tourism. The initiative is a cooperation between the Slovenian Ministry of Economic Development and Technology, the public agency for the promotion of entrepreneurship and investment SPIRIT and the Ljubljana Technology Park.
Delaney also had an opportunity to meet visual artist Norma de Saint Picman. Norma's landscape paintings were exhibited as 'NoraVisionSolar – The Garden of Eden'. You can find out more about art investment and the city of Ljubljana here.


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Call for Presentations
Arthur Olsen Student Research Symposium - April 18, 2015
Augustana College students are invited to present their faculty-mentored, independent research at the Arthur Olsen Student Research Symposium. Students who would like to present their research should collaborate with a faculty member to prepare a submission of their project.
- The title of the presentation
- The name(s) of the student presenter(s), and email addresses for each presenter
- The name and email address of the faculty collaborator/sponsor
- The presentation format: either oral presentation or poster
- If an oral presentation, 20 minutes (15 minutes presentation and 5 minutes Q & A)
- Technology, if any, needed for presentation
- An abstract of the presentation. The abstract should be a brief description of the research topic, research method or sources and anticipated conclusions of the study (250 words or less). Please also provide an English translation if the original abstract is in another language. Abstracts may be pasted into the application form from another program.
Students will receive an emailed copy of the information they submit via the application form. They are encouraged to forward this email confirmation to their supervising faculty member.
For more information, contact Dr. Lisa Babcock.


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World Giving Index
The World Giving Index is a Charities Aid Foundation report into charitable giving worldwide. The index uses data from Gallup and looked at three different areas of charity. Gallup asked people which of the following three charitable acts they have undertaken in the past month:
- donated money to an organisation?
- volunteered time to an organisation?
- helped a stranger, or someone they didn't know who needed help?
In 2011 New Zealand and Australia came at the top with 57% score followed by Ireland and Canada second equal and the United States and Switzerland third. It should be noted that the index reports on individual charitable giving and not as a nation so government pledges of aid are not included in the index.


Field Dressing Deer for Beginners: Best Practices
In this blog post, we will be discussing how to field dress a deer. Field dressing is an essential step in the process of harvesting game meat. If you don't field dress your deer, it can spoil and ruin your meat before you ever get it home or cooked! The best way to learn how to field dress a deer for beginners is by watching someone who knows what they are doing and asking questions when needed. All too often, people try to wing it on their own only to end up with a mess of blood all over themselves and no idea what they did wrong. In this blog post, I will give you everything that you need so that you can do things right the first time around!
Harvesting Game Meat
You may be wondering why you need to harvest game meat. Well, deer meat is not like beef or chicken. It needs to be harvested and appropriately dressed for it to taste good! Deer meat, in particular, can go wrong quickly, especially if you let it sit out for too long. The good news is that if you know how to field dress a deer correctly, you can have fresh meat on the table in as little as an hour! This is, of course, if you are close to your home.
The Process of Field Dressing a Deer
Field dressing is the process of removing all internal organs from an animal. Before you can do this, it is necessary to remove any entrails in or near the animal's abdominal cavity. The next step would be to skin out and quarter your deer carcass. Cutting off the legs just above where they meet with the body will make them easier to handle when transporting back home! Once field dressed, a deer should weigh around 100 pounds on average, which means that if you're hunting for meat alone, then one deer should provide enough food for your family as long as you plan by freezing (or storing) some cuts now so that there won't be anything left over after the field dressing is complete.
Tools Used
The tools used to field dress a deer include a knife, kitchen shears, a spoon, or a small bowl to collect the entrails and organs from inside the body cavity. Preparation for field dressing includes removing any unwanted parts of the deer, such as antlers or horns that could limit how close you can get to your animal. You may also want an extra set of hands nearby to help with this process if you're not alone in your hunt!
Step One In Field Dressing Your Deer
The first step to field dressing a deer is to make an initial incision in the hide that goes from just below the navel on one side of the deer's body up to, but not through, a similar point on the other side.
Step Two In Field Dressing Your Deer
The next step is then to make another cut across and around this opening to form a flap. This will allow you access to all parts of your animal for removing entrails without touching or contaminating any internal organs with external material like dirt or bacteria from outside sources. The goal is always cleanliness!
Parts to Discard
The parts of the deer that you want to leave in the field would be the head, the entire digestive tract (except for the heart and liver), all of the inedible muscle meat on legs and other extremities.
How long should Field dressing take?
Field dressing a deer needs to be done at a quick pace. This process should be completed in less than a few minutes. Any longer and you run the risk of creating an environment that is not safe for the meat.
How to Cook Deer Meat
There are many different methods for cooking deer meat. Some of the most common ways to cook deer meat include grilling, roasting, smoking, and frying.
Grilling Deer Meat
When grilling deer meat, you want to cook it for a few minutes on each side. An excellent tip for grilling deer meat is to marinate it before cooking the first time.
Roasting Deer Meat
The best way to cook a whole roast of deer meat is in an oven between 350°F and 425°F degrees Fahrenheit for about 20-25 mins per pound or until tender enough that a spoon can press into the flesh without any resistance. Another option you might have if you are cooking smaller pieces of venison, such as chops, steaks, etc., would be to use your stovetop grill pan over medium heat with olive oil spray coating the surface flipping every couple of minutes until the desired doneness has been achieved.
When roasting deer meat, remember not to overcook. This can cause the meat to become very rough and tough.
Secret Techniques to Grilling Deer Meat
A few tips that can help when cooking deer meat are not to overcook it, but also don't undercook it because the flavor will be lost in both instances. Understanding how much time you need to cook your venison will depend on factors such as what cut of meat, if there are any bone fragments inside and whether or not it's been previously frozen. Another trick I like using while grilling my roast venison is by turning off one burner on the stovetop to have a cooler section for searing and then finishing up with about ten minutes of roasting over high heat. This helps give my venison a nice crusty sear which adds more taste. You will want to experiment with your deer meat to find the sweet spot that allows for a great meal.
In Conclusion
Although it can be a little stomach-turning to field dress a deer for the first time, it is an absolute must to have safe meat to eat. You will want to clean the intestines and stomach of any fecal matter, remove all hair from inside then wash it out with water. Once the deer has been field dressed, you can start getting it back to your car or truck for transporting home, where you will either be able to cook right away or freeze it for later use.
Remember that cleanliness is key to all field dressing for any game you happen to catch out on the hunt. Stay safe and enjoy your hunting adventures and enjoy the ability to feed your family with many delicious meals.
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text: Copper(I) hydride (cuprous hydride, CuH) was the first binary metal hydride to be discovered (in 1844) and is singular in that it is synthesized in solution, at ambient temperature. There are several synthetic paths to CuH, one of which involves reduction of an aqueous solution of CuSO4·5H2O by borohydride ions. The product from this procedure has not been extensively characterized. Using a combination of diffraction methods (X-ray and neutron) and inelastic neutron scattering spectroscopy, we show that the CuH from the borohydride route has the same bulk structure as CuH produced by other routes. Our work shows that the product consists of a core of CuH with a shell of water and that this may be largely replaced by ethanol. This offers the possibility of modifying the properties of CuH produced by aqueous routes.


The History of the Smallest Park in the World
mill ends park, portland, smallest park in the world
written by Bronte Dod | photos by Rob Kerr
At just 2 feet across and with an area of 452 square inches, a circular cement urban park sits in the middle of Downtown Portland's Naito Parkway. Mill Ends Park, recognized by the Guinness Book of World Records as the smallest park in the world, came about in 1948 when columnist Dick Fagan of the Oregon Journal planted flowers in a hole where city workers failed to put a light post.
mill ends park, portland, smallest park in the world
Strange happenings involve Mill Ends Park. Take the Occupy Portland movement in 2011, when someone placed plastic green army men at the park. In 2013, someone stole the park's sapling, but it resurfaced the next day. Mill Ends also caused a brief international dispute in 2014, when citizens in Burntwood, England, thought the record should be held by a park there, because it actually served as a recreation area. In the end, Mill Ends keeps its title, cementing its place in Portland's long list of popular oddities and shenanigans.
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This example shows how to use the Graph Cut option in the Image Segmenter app to segment an image. Graph cut is a semiautomatic segmentation technique that you can use to segment an image into foreground and background elements. Graph cut segmentation does not require good initialization. You draw lines on the image, called scribbles, to identify what you want in the foreground and what you want in the background. The Image Segmenter segments the image automatically based on your scribbles and displays the segmented image. You can refine the segmentation by drawing more scribbles on the image until you are satisfied with the result.
The Graph Cut technique applies graph theory to image processing to achieve fast segmentation. The technique creates a graph of the image where each pixel is a node connected by weighted edges. The higher the probability that pixels are related the higher the weight. The algorithm cuts along weak edges, achieving the segmentation of objects in the image. The Image Segmenter uses a particular variety of the Graph Cut algorithm called lazysnapping. For information about another segmentation technique that is related to graph cut, see Segment Image Using Local Graph Cut (Grabcut) in Image Segmenter.
Read an image into the workspace. For this example, read the sample image
baby.png into the workspace.
b = imread('baby.jpg');
From the MATLAB® toolstrip, open the Image Segmenter app. On the Apps tab, in the Image Processing and Computer Vision section, click Image Segmenter.
On the app toolstrip, click Load, and then select Load Image from Workspace. In the Import from Workspace dialog box, select the image you read into the workspace. The Image Segmenter app displays the image you selected.
You can also open the app using the
imageSegmenter command, specifying the image:
On the Image Segmenter app toolstrip, select Graph Cut.
The Image Segmenter opens a new tab for Graph Cut segmentation. As a first step in Graph Cut segmentation, mark the elements of the image that you want to be in the foreground. When the Image Segmenter opens the Graph Cut tab, it preselects the Mark Foreground option. To mark an object as foreground, draw a line (also called a scribble) over the object. When you draw a line, try to include all the different values in the object you want to segment. You can draw as many separate lines as you like. If you are not satisfied with the lines you draw, you can always edit them. Click Erase and move the cursor over any part of the line you want to remove. If want to start over, click Clear Markings.
Next, click Mark Background and draw scribbles to mark the elements of the image you want to be the background. When you finish drawing the lines, the Image Segmenter immediately performs the segmentation (shown in blue).
To refine the segmentation, continue drawing foreground and background lines. For example, there are several areas near the bottom of the image that need to be removed from the foreground. To fix these problems, draw additional background lines on these parts of the image.
To get a better look at the segmentation, click Show Binary.
When you are satisfied with the segmentation, click Create Mask in the toolstrip on the Graph Cut tab. The app closes the Graph Cut tab and returns you to the Segmentation tab.
When you return to the main Segmentation tab, you can use tools to refine the mask image, such as Morphology and Active Contours. To save the mask image, click Export. You can also use the Export option to obtain the code the Image Segmenter app used to create the segmentation.


also be enabled. Defaults to 0.
websockets_headers_size size
Change the websockets headers size. This is a global option, it is not possible to set per listener. This option sets the size of the buffer used in the libwebsockets library when reading HTTP headers. If you are passing large header data such as cookies then you may need to increase this value. If left unset, or set to 0, then the default of 1024 bytes will be used.
Certificate based SSL/TLS Support
The following options are available for all listeners to configure certificate based SSL support. See also "Pre-shared-key based SSL/TLS support".
cafile file path
cafile is used to define the path to a file containing the PEM encoded CA certificates that are trusted when checking incoming client certificates.
capath directory path
capath is used to define a directory that contains PEM encoded CA certificates that are trusted when checking incoming client certificates. For capath to work correctly, the certificates files must have ".pem" as the file ending and you must run "openssl rehash <path to capath>" each time you add/remove a certificate.
certfile file path
Path to the PEM encoded server certificate. This option and keyfile must be present to enable certificate based TLS encryption.
The certificate pointed to by this option will be reloaded when Mosquitto receives a SIGHUP signal. This can be used to load new certificates prior to the existing ones expiring.
ciphers cipher:list
The list of allowed ciphers for this listener, for TLS v1.2 and earlier only, each separated with a colon. Available ciphers can be obtained using the "openssl ciphers" command.
ciphers_tls1.3 cipher:list
The list of allowed ciphersuites for this listener, for TLS v1.3, each separated with a colon.
crlfile file path
If you have require_certificate set to true, you can create a certificate revocation list file to revoke access to particular client certificates. If you have done this, use crlfile to point to the PEM encoded revocation file.
dhparamfile file path
To allow the use of ephemeral DH key exchange, which provides forward security, the listener must load DH parameters. This can be specified with the dhparamfile option. The dhparamfile can be generated with the command e.g.
openssl dhparam -out dhparam.pem 2048
keyfile file path
Path to the PEM encoded server key. This option and certfile must be present to enable certificate based TLS encryption.
The private key pointed to by this option will be reloaded when Mosquitto receives a SIGHUP signal. This can be used to load new keys prior to the existing ones expiring.
require_certificate [ true | false ]
By default an SSL/TLS enabled listener will operate in a similar fashion to a https enabled web server, in that the server has a certificate signed by a CA and the client will verify that it is a trusted certificate. The overall aim is encryption of the network traffic. By setting require_certificate to true, a client connecting to this listener must provide a valid certificate in order for the network connection to proceed. This allows access to the broker to be controlled outside of the mechanisms provided by MQTT.
tls_engine engine
A valid openssl engine id. These can be listed with openssl engine command.
tls_engine_kpass_sha1 engine_kpass_sha1
SHA1 of the private key password when using an TLS engine. Some TLS engines such as the TPM engine may require the use of a password in order to be accessed. This option allows a hex encoded SHA1 hash of the password to the engine directly, instead of the user being prompted for the password.
tls_keyform [ pem | engine ]
Specifies the type of private key in use when making TLS connections.. This can be "pem" or "engine". This parameter is useful when a TPM module is being used and the private key has been created with it. Defaults to "pem", which means normal private key files are used.
tls_version version
Configure the minimum version of the TLS protocol to be used for this listener. Possible values are tlsv1.3, tlsv1.2 and tlsv1.1. If left unset, the default of allowing TLS v1.3 and v1.2.
In Mosquitto version 1.6.x and earlier, this option set the only TLS protocol version that was allowed, rather than the minimum.
use_identity_as_username [ true | false ]
If require_certificate is true, you may set use_identity_as_username to true to use the CN value from the client certificate as a username. If this is true, the password_file option will not be used for this listener.
This takes priority over use_subject_as_username if both are set to true.
See also use_subject_as_username
use_subject_as_username [ true | false ]
If require_certificate is true, you may set use_subject_as_username to true to use the complete subject value from the client certificate as a username. If this is true, the password_file option will not be used for this listener.
The subject will be generated in a form similar to CN=test client,OU=Production,O=Server,L=Nottingham,ST=Nottinghamshire,C=GB.
See also use_identity_as_username
Pre-shared-key based SSL/TLS Support
The following options are available for all listeners to configure pre-shared-key based SSL support. See also "Certificate based SSL/TLS support".
ciphers cipher:list
When using PSK, the encryption ciphers used will be chosen from the list of available PSK ciphers. If you want to control which ciphers are available, use this option. The list of available ciphers can be optained using the "openssl ciphers" command and should be provided in the same format as the output of that command.
psk_hint hint
The psk_hint option enables pre-shared-key support for this listener and also acts as an identifier for this listener. The hint is sent to clients and may be used locally to aid authentication. The hint is a free form string that doesn't have much meaning in itself, so feel free to be creative.
If this option is provided, see psk_file to define the pre-shared keys to be used or create a security plugin to handle them.
tls_version version
Configure the minimum version of the TLS protocol to be used for this listener. Possible values are tlsv1.3, tlsv1.2 and tlsv1.1. If left unset, the default of allowing TLS v1.3 and v1.2.
In Mosquitto version 1.6.x and earlier, this option set the only TLS protocol version that was allowed, rather than the minimum.
use_identity_as_username [ true | false ]
Set use_identity_as_username to have the psk identity sent by the client used as its username. The username will be checked as normal, so password_file or another means of authentication checking must be used. No password will be used.
Configuring Bridges
Multiple bridges (connections to other brokers) can be configured using the following variables.
Bridges cannot currently be reloaded on reload signal.
address address[:port] [address[:port]], addresses address[:port] [address[:port]]
Specify the address and optionally the port of the bridge to connect to. This must be given for each bridge connection. If the port is not specified, the default of 1883 is used.
If you use an IPv6 address, then the port is not optional.
Multiple host addresses can be specified on the address config. See the round_robin option for more details on the behaviour of bridges with multiple addresses.
bridge_attempt_unsubscribe [ true | false ]
If a bridge has topics that have "out" direction, the default behaviour is to send an unsubscribe request to the remote broker on that topic. This means that changing a topic direction from "in" to "out" will not keep receiving incoming messages. Sending these unsubscribe requests is not always desirable, setting bridge_attempt_unsubscribe to false will disable sending the unsubscribe request. Defaults to true.
bridge_bind_address ip address
If you need to have the bridge connect over a particular network interface, use bridge_bind_address to tell the bridge which local IP address the socket should bind to, e.g. bridge_bind_address 192.168.1.10.
bridge_max_packet_size value
If you wish to restrict the size of messages sent to a remote bridge, use this option. This sets the maximum number of bytes for the total message, including headers and payload. Note that MQTT v5 brokers may provide their own maximum-packet-size property. In this case, the smaller of the two limits will be


Quote1.png Your Family? I WILL ANNIHILATE YOUR ENTIRE RACE! Quote2.png
Computo src
Computo is an artificial intelligence created by Brainiac.
Created by Brainiac to lead Colu in his absence, Computo tackled the planet's overpopulation issue by shrinking its populus and their cities using Brainiac's technology, brainwashed the people of the planet and kept them under constant surveillance. After Techne, daughter of Brainiac, starts a resistance movement against Computo, he made a deal with his creator to use Telos to draw out Techne, in exchange for the Rozetta Stone within Telos's chest. His plan failed when Techne and her group destroyed his surveilence screens, and Telos smashed all of his robotic bodies to pieces, save for his giant body, which Brainiac had infected with a computer virus, causing it to disassemble as he fought with Telos.
Telos Vol 1