All About Bird Eggs
Many of us at the New-York Historical Society have Audubon-mania. Our new exhibition of bird watercolors by John James Audubon, Audubon's Aviary, has brought a lot of excitement to the museum's galleries. Exploring the exhibition and seeing so many beautiful paintings of birds made me wonder what their eggs look like. I know that bird eggs can be just as beautiful as their plumage—Robin Egg Blue has always been my favorite Crayola crayon color—so I was surprised to discover that very few of Audubon's bird studies in the exhibition include eggs. I was even more surprised to see that in two of the paintings, it looks as though the birds are stealing or eating other birds' eggs. In one watercolor, three blue jays appear to be ferociously devouring another bird's eggs. And in another, adult robins are feeding their young, while one adult robin towards the top of the image seems to have a white egg in its mouth.
Blue Jay (Cyanocitta cristata), Havell plate no. 102, 1825. Watercolor, graphite, pastel, and black ink with scratching out and selective glazing on paper, laid on card; Paper: 23 13/16 x 18 15/16 in. (60.5 x 48.1 cm). New-York Historical Society, Purchased for the Society by public subscription from Mrs. John J. Audubon, 1863.17.102
American Robin (Turdus migratorius), Havell plate no. 131, 1829. Watercolor, graphite, gouache, black ink, pastel, and black chalk with scratching out and selective glazing on paper, laid on card; Paper: 37 1/8 x 25 15/16 in. (94.3 x 65.9 cm) New-York Historical Society, Purchased for the Society by public subscription from Mrs. John J. Audubon, 1863.17.131
Is egg-stealing something birds actually do? I did some research to answer this question and others I had about bird eggs.
1) Do some birds eat other birds' eggs?
Blue jays and other members of the crow family are notorious egg-stealers. They are intelligent and aggressive and will raid other birds' nests to steal eggs, young birds, and even the nest itself. So yes, the blue jays in the painting are indeed eating another bird's eggs. Audubon wrote of the blue jay, "Who could imagine that a form so graceful…should harbor so much mischief."
As for the robin, although it initially appeared to me that the bird in the above painting is eating an egg, this is not something robins are known to do. Robins' diets consist of worms, fruits and berries, and more worms. Through my research, I found another painting of robins by Aududon. In this painting, the birds are sitting on a branch and eating berries that look a lot like the round white object I originally thought was an egg in the other painting. Mystery solved. The robin was not eating an egg, but a piece of fruit.
American Robin (Turdus migratorius), 1825. Pastel, watercolor, graphite, black ink, black chalk, and gauche with selective glazing on paper, laid on card; Paper: 18 3/4 x 11 5/8 in. (47.6 x 29.5 cm). New-York Historical Society, Purchased for the Society by public subscription from Mrs. John J. Audubon, 1863.18.19
2) What is the largest bird egg?
The ostrich egg is the largest of all bird eggs, averaging at 3.3 lbs. It's around the size of a cantaloupe.
"Ostrich egg." By Raul654, CC-BY-SA
3) Which birds lay the most colorful eggs?
There are many bird species that lay eggs with beautiful coloring. Among them are robin eggs and emu eggs, both shades of bluish green. The emu egg is also one of the world's largest, weighing in at around 2 lbs.
"American Robin Eggs in Nest" by Laslovarga, CC-BY-SA
"Emu egg" by Shuhari, CC-BY-SA
4) Why are bird eggs different colors? Why do some have spots?
The color and markings on eggs help camouflage them to stay them hidden from predators. Sometimes the parent bird has to leave the eggs exposed in the nest, so it is important that the eggs blend into their surroundings. Birds that nest in holes in trees or places where they cannot be seen easily often lay white eggs, since they do not have to be camouflaged. Birds that nest on the ground usually lay eggs that are brown with brown or black markings so they look like the dirt and rocks in their habitats. However, scientists are still trying to come to a consensus on other reasons for egg coloring, such as why robins' eggs are blue.
Want to see more birds and eggs? Make sure you visit Audubon's Aviary: Part of I of The Complete Flock before May 19 at the New-York Historical Society.
To hear a story about birds, eggs, New York City, and the arrival of spring, don't miss Little New-Yorkers on Tuesday, March 19 and Friday, March 22 at 3:30. We will read When Blue Met Egg by Lindsay Ward and make a special art project related to the story. Little New-Yorkers is recommended for children ages 3-5 and their accompanied adults.
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News 12 First at Five / Thursday, Feb. 14, 2013
AUGUSTA, Ga. (WRDW) -- Georgia Regents University is putting good use to a $60,000 grant. They're making a video game for kids just starting school -- helping them learn to read. They say a similar DVD has already been successful.
Now they're trying to continue the success by making a video game. Reading is fundamental and not reading is detrimental, especially to kids who have just started school.
"It's not, 'Here is the ball.' It's language involvement that expands their knowledge base," said GRU Professor Paulette.
Thanks to a federal grant, Georgia Regents University was able to make 20,000 DVDs aimed at improving kids' reading skills.
"The results were a 20-point gain on the average for the Peabody vocabulary test. It tests their receptive vocabulary," Harris said.
"This goes into the homes of kids who don't have many books in the home. It may be single-parent homes where the parent has very little time to read," said Professor Walter Evans.
Now they're using another grant to build a video game focused on improving reading skills.
"We intend to help as many kids as inexpensively as we can," Evans said.
The video game will be a lot like the DVD. The game will be more interactive to help kids understand concepts better.
"They have heard so many classic nursery rhymes and fairy tales.They include long sentences and multisyllabic words," Evans said.
Have information or an opinion about this story? Click here to contact the newsroom.
Copyright WRDW-TV News 12. All rights reserved. This material may not be republished without express written permission.
Designed by Gray Digital Media

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Formula for Calculating Typing Speed
For calculating Typing Speed there are two formulas are used. One formula is based upon characters counting and the second one is directly applied on words count. Let explore the two typing test speed calculation formulas in detail.
1. Character based Formula :
A. Gross WPM
hindi typing gross word per minute formula
Here WPM = Word Per Minute
All typed entries = Total Key Strokes (or key depression)
Gross WPM is really the typing speed that you typed in one minute its getting by total key Stroke (Key depression) divided by 5 (One word = 5 character) and then divided by total minute to get word per minute speed.
If you type 200 character in 1 minute then your typing speed will be = 200 / 5 = 40 WPM
But GWPM is not your actual speed, actual speed is calculating by correct word you typed known as 'Net WPM'.
Note: delete, backspace, shift and other keys are not calculated in key stroke.
B. Net WPM Formula
Calculation of Net WPM
Net speed can be calculated by deducting errors in gross wpm. For example if you typed 40 Word in 1 Minute but you typed 3 word wrong then your Net WPM = 40 - 3 = 37 WPM
C. Accuracy Formula:
Accuracy is a percentage ratio of Gross and Net Word Speed:
Accuracy = (Net WPM / Gross WPM ) * 100 = 37 / 40 * 100 = 92.5 %
2. Words based formula :
In word base calculation each space separate two words. The word count regardless of how many characters in it. For Example the sentence "We are learning typing." As you can see here total 4 words.
A. Gross WPM : Total Words Typed / Total Time Taken (in minutes)
Example : Suppose a candidate A Typed total 350 Words in 10 Minutes:
Gross Speed in WPM : 350/10 = 35 WPM
B. Net Speed : (Total Words Typed - Word Error ) / Total Time Taken (in minutes)
Example : Suppose the A candidate typed total 350 words in 10 Minutes in which he typed 20 words wrong:
Net Speed in WPM = (350 -20) / 10 = 33 WPM
C. Accuracy : (Net WPM/ Gross WPM ) * 100
Accuracy = 33/35 * 100 = 94.28 %
Calculation of Errors
Errors are calculated by following two criteria
1. Errors thats corrected
If you correct wrong word that you typed then you will use backspace to delete that word will not calculated in WPM.
2. Errors that are incorrect
If you not correct the errors you made then you will penalize 5 character for each word error (Regardless of how many character in this wrong word). So always try to type accurate and if mistake made then correct it.


text:
- Citado por SciELO
versión impresa ISSN 0100-4042versión On-line ISSN _PHONE_
SANTOS, Wallans T. P. dos; CEOLIN, Marselha P.; ALBUQUERQUE, Yaico D. T. de y RICHTER, Eduardo M.. The use of pressure generated by a water column to control flow rates in flow analysis systems. Quím. Nova [online]. 2007, vol.30, n.7, pp._PHONE_. ISSN 0100-4042. _URL_
This work presents a new approach to control the flow rate in hydrodynamic flow experiments. The combination of air pressure generated by an aquarium air pump and the pressure generated by a water column were used for this purpose. This device supports a stable flow rate without pulsation for a long period of time. Furthermore, the flow rate can be easily controlled at various values in one or more streams. The performance of this approach was investigated using Fe(CN)64- solutions in flowing systems using amperometric and voltammetric detection in wall-jet configuration. The results showed that the performance of the proposed device was better than a commercial peristaltic pump. It suggests that this approach can be used successfully in flow analysis systems.
Palabras clave : flow rates control; water column; flow analysis.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


Product Details
- Contain:
1. 168 cards with different colours and characters. Each card consists of 2 HappiPlayground characters. There is a total of 8 characters namely Panda, Yani, Pucci, Pengi, Tiger, Bunni, Pinki and Elita.
2. An English and Chinese language guide
- Material: Paper
- Made with: Soybean Oil (an edible oil that can be fully integrated with the natural environment after decomposition; safe for children's use)
- Suitable for: 3 years old and above
- Diameter of each card: 7.4cm
- Made in Taiwan


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China is considering building a set of digital integration systems to better provide a scientific basis for the design, construction and maintenance of its first railroad on the Tibet Plateau in the western part of the country.
The package consists of a digital roadbed system and a numerical simulation platform, according to the research institute of the environment and engineering of frigid and arid zones under the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). A digitized simulation system for frozen-earth-based roadbeds, the digital roadbed system, will help estimate the operational state of a certain roadbeds and forecast what sort of problems might occur on it provided the real geological and boundary conditions and engineering measures are available for the roadbed.
The system will be used to verify and analyze whether the engineering and structure designs are reasonable for the Qinghai-Tibet railway that is being built and to make revisions to the designs. The digital simulation platform is a geological information system for the Qinghai-Tibet railway, to be used for information inquiry, space analysis, engineering design aid and data bank service relevant to the rail project.
The Qinghai-Tibet railroad is designed to connect Xining, capital city of northwest China's Qinghai Province, with Lhasa, capital of west Tibet Autonomous Region, with a total length of 1,956 kilometers.


text:
Accommodation in Pilgrims Rest, Mpumalanga
|South Africa >> Mpumalanga >> Pilgrims Rest|
|Displaying records 1 to 3 of 3 found|
|Crystal Springs Mountain Lodge||Pilgrims Rest||Hotel / Lodge|
|Mount Sheba Hotel||Pilgrims Rest||Hotel / Lodge|
|Royal Hotel Pilgrim's Rest||Pilgrims Rest||Hotel / Lodge|
The conservation of Pilgrim's Rest as a cultural and historic asset began in 1974 when the provincial government purchased the village. In 1986 the village of Pilgrim's Rest and the farm Ponieskrantz, on which the village is situated, was declared a National Monument. Today a dedicated group of historians and interest groups continue to work towards the further restoration of the village to increasingly provide a better insight into the history of the area. The village is divided into two distinct areas - Up Town and Down Town. The Pilgrim's Rest Information Office and the Ticket Office in the Up Town sector offer tourist information and guided tours to three museums; the Diggings, the Reduction Works and Allanglade House.
DREDZEN SHOP AND HOUSE MUSEUM
The devaluation of the British pound in 1932 caused a sharp rise in the gold price which stimulated the economic growth of the village and the area. Apart from the usual butcheries, bakeries and blacksmiths, in the 1930's there were 16 general dealer stores located in Pilgrim's Rest. In the 1940's mine production dropped sharply which had a serious effect on the village community and many establishments were forced to close. The Dredzen Shop Museum is representative of the typical general dealer of the period 1930 to 1950. The articles displayed are a selection taken from a 20 year period and were not therefore, all available throughout that period. It is, however, interesting to note how little some of the goods and packaging have changed through the years. The home and life style of the post Second World War era has been reconstructed in the store owner's residence, adjoining the shop. Articles and furniture on display represent a typical middle class home of the period in Pilgrim's Rest. The house museums of Pilgrim's Rest portray the development of interiors at other village sites: The House Museum (1900 - 1915), Allanglade (1915 - 1930) and the Dredzen House Museum (1930 - 1950)
THE HOUSE MUSEUM
The House Museum is a fine example of wood and corrugated iron architecture which is typical of Pilgrim's Rest. The house was built in 1913 for a dr. W. Secomb. During the 1930's the house was occupied by Mr. Blaine, a lawyer. In 1976 the house was restored and furnished to characterise a middle class home of the early 20th century. The museum emphasises late Victorian styles in the decor and furnishings. In the living room are two upholstered chairs, without arm rests, specifically designed to accommodate ladies with wide Victorian skirts. The use of linoleum on the floors and the numerous pictures and embroidered verses on the walls are typical of this period. Flagged stone pathways and rectangular flower beds are prominent elements found in a Victorian garden. The Dutch oven at the back of the house was used daily for baking bread. The characteristic ornateness of this era is moderately expressed in the house and garden, bearing in mind the rural nature of the surroundings.
THE PRINTING MUSEUM
The first locally printed newspaper circulated on the Pilgrim's Rest gold fields was the GOLD NEWS of 24 January 1874. Shortly thereafter it was published by an Irishman, W. J. Phelan who became the new editor. Phelan changed the newspaper's name to GOLDFIELDS MERCURY. In 1910 the first PILGRIM'S REST AND SABIE NEWS was published with T. W. S. Craig as the editor. It was published every Saturday at a cost of sixpence, or one pound for a one year subscription. In 1911 Craig suspended publication of the newspaper until later in the same year when the new editor, A.W. Frost, revived the newspaper. The original premises of the PILGRIM'S AND SABIE NEWS, situated between the present building and the Pilgrim's Hotel, was totally destroyed by fire at some stage between 1916 and 1919. The new building and printing works was erected at the present site.
DIGGINGS SITE MUSEUM
It is appropriate that Pilgrim's Rest should have a diggings museum to record the first gold rush in South Africa. Soon after alluvial gold was discovered in the Pilgrim's Creek, diggers from many parts of the world rushed to this valley to peg their claims and to seek their fortunes. Life on the diggings was hard and unsympathetic. The diggers worked long hours and often received little or no reward. Many of them spent their meagre gains in nearby canteens, of which there were 11 at the time when the mining boom was at its peak. There were no proper medical or sanitary facilities and the hospital was located in a large tent where diggers did voluntary service. Many diggers arrived at the gold fields suffering badly from malaria, dysentery and exposure after their arduous journey through the Lowveld. Although this was a typical community as found at gold fields elsewhere in the world, the customary lawlessness and violence was absent. Criminals were tried by a diggers committee and punished according to the seriousness of the transgression, of which claim robbing was considered the most serious. The first jail was a tent in which the convicted was placed in stocks. The tent however was soon replaced by a wattle and daub hut. For the more serious crimes, banishment from the diggings was ordered, with certain death should the convicted criminal return. By 1874 successful diggers had replaced their tents with more durable wattle and daub shanties. Prosperous storekeepers and canteen owners were able to erect structures of timber and corrugated iron. Buildings were usually no more than one large room with elementary furnishings. Beds were made of poles with canvas sheets tacked to the frames. Layers of dried grass served for mattresses. Tables and chairs were made from wooden boxes and crates in which provisions had been transported to the diggings.
THE REDUCTION WORKS MUSEUM
In 1896 the increasing production of ore necessitated the rapid establishment of a central reduction works at Pilgrim's Rest. In 1897 the first buildings were erected consisting of a stamp mill, a smelting house and office buildings. To serve the scattered mines in the area, an electric tramline was laid to convey ore from outlying mines to the central reduction works. The size of the reduction works and the tramline was something of a technical feat at a time when South Africa was technically still in its infancy. In 1902, when the war ended, mining was resumed and the reduction works reopened. This was a testing period as the recruitment of labour and difficulties with transport slowed production. However these problems were overcome and by 1910 mining in Pilgrim's Rest entered a boom period. The reduction works was expanded as gold production rose to record levels during the period of 1913 and 1914. The reduction works continued to function through to 1959 when the machinery was adapted to produce fertiliser as a by product. The reduction works closed in 1972 when the last mine at Pilgrim's Rest ceased production. In 1974 the run down corrugated iron structures were restored and opened to the public as a museum soon after. The increasing demand for electricity created by the reduction works was one of the main reasons for the construction of the Belvedere Hydroelectric power station near Bourkes Luck in 1911. At the time it was the largest power station of its kind in the southern hemisphere. Pilgrim's Rest was the second town in South Africa to be electrified, at a time when London was still making use of gas.
ALANGLADE - PERIOD HOUSE MUSEUM
Alanglade was built in 1915 by the Transvaal Gold Mining Estates to serve as the official mine manager's residence at Pilgrim's Rest. It is situated a few kilometres to the north of this historic village, on the Mpumalanga escarpment. The residence is surrounded by mountains and shady forests that , to this day, provide an atmosphere of quiet opulence and serenity. The home was occupied by several mine managers until 1972 when mining activities at Pilgrim's Rest were ceased. Alanglade is furnished with objects from the period 1900 to 1930, using its first occupants, the Barry family and the Pilgrim's Rest milieu as point of departure. The furnishings used, reflect a modern Edwardian approach and are mostly of Arts and Crafts, Art Nouveau and Art Deco stylistic origins. Architecturally, Alanglade conforms to the design essentials of early twentieth century buildings; i.e. simplicity, harmonious proportions between roof, walls and wall openings, effective use of materials and the integration of the building in its surroundings. Alanglade houses an extensive collection and is a worthwhile destination for visitors.
HISTORIC CEMETERY AND ROBBER'S GRAVE
The origin of the old cemetery is closely connected to the legend of the Robber's Grave; that of an unknown man who was caught and convicted of tent robbing on the diggings and subsequently banished. A few days after his trial, the thief was spotted on a hill, now known as Cemetery Hill, where he was shot, killed and buried. His grave was orientated north - south to brand him a thief forever. The different nationalities of those who lie buried in the cemetery reflect the cosmopolitan character of the Pilgrim's Rest gold fields. Life on the diggings was rough, with accidents and disease as the main causes of death. The unlucky Saul Sampson died of starvation and a number of out of luck diggers committed suicide. Health services on the gold fields were practically non existent. There was however a Dr. John Ashton who advertised his skills as "Surgeon, Barber and Tentmaker". This cemetery stands as a testament


JW6: Pseudo Streaming in Flash
Every HTML5 browser supports the ability for players to seek to not-yet-downloaded portions of a video. This functionality, often referred to as pseudo-streaming, is great for any video longer than a few minutes.
Unfortunately, this functionality is not available by default when playing videos in Flash. A work-around is possible though, by installing a web server module and adding the startparam option to your player setup.
How It Works
Pseudo-streaming works as follows: When the video is initially loaded, the player reads and stores a list of seekpoints as part of the video's metadata. These seekpoints are offsets in the video (both in seconds and in bytes) at which a new keyframe starts.
When a user seeks to a not-yet-downloaded part of the video, the player maps this seek to the nearest seekpoint. Next, the player does a request to the server, adding the seekpoint as a querystring parameter:
A special module in the webserver handles this request. It reads the video in memory and checks the seekpoints metadata. It finds and skips to the offset requested by the querystring parameter. It then returns the video to the browser, starting from that offset.
Because the first frame in each return is a keyframe, the player is able to correctly load and play it. Should the server have returned the video from an arbitrary offset, the player would not be able to pick up the stream and the display would only show garbage.
Server Modules
As said, Flash pseudo-streaming does not work by default on any web server. A server side module is needed to enable it. Here are the most widely used (and open source) modules for this:
Please refer to the project pages and documentation of these modules to learn how to build and install them. This falls outside the scope of the JW Player documentation.
Several CDNs (Content Delivery Networks) support Flash Pseudostreaming as well. We have done successful tests with Bitgravity (MP4 + FLV), Edgecast (MP4 + FLV) and Limelight (only FLV).
The querystring parameter that must be used to load video from an offset differs per module and CDN. Therefore, it can be set in the JW Player using the startparam configuration parameter. By setting this configuration option, you enable pseudo-streaming in Flash, using the parameter name you inserted.
Here is an example of a setup of JW Player, presenting an MP4 video. JW Player is setup to use the pseudo-streaming capabilities of the server. (In this case, EdgeCast):
 image: "/uploads/myPoster.jpg",
 file: "/uploads/myVideo.mp4",
 startparam: "ec_seek"
In our above code, you can see that we are utilizing Edgecast's ec_seek start parameter to enable pseudo-streaming in Flash. However, not all start parameters are the same. Below, we have an overview of different startparam values for different modules/CDNs:
Module/CDN startparam (MP4) startparam (FLV)
mod_h264 starttime start
mod_flvx - start
HttpFlvModule - start
HttpMp4Module start -
Bitgravity starttime apstart
Edgecast ec_seek ec_seek
Limelight ms fs
Nimble Streamer start start
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Still don't have JW Player? Get It Here


text:
2023, a year characterised by long-lasting heat waves, high temperatures and average monthly rainfall levels well below their normal zones, was one of the hottest 12 months on record in Monaco.
This revelation, which has been confirmed by statistics published in IMSEE's annual meteorological report, likely won't come as a surprise to anyone living in and around the Principality.
According to the localised weather review, which was published in late February, two "distinct meteorological phenomena" punctuated a near record-setting year: high heat that preceded and continued well beyond the usual summer season and rainfall totals that were significantly below average for the third year in a row.
THE HEAT IS ON
Since the 1970s, average temperatures in Monaco have been steadily climbing.
The average maximum between 1971 and 1980 was just under 18.7°C, but by 2023 had shot up to 20.6°C. Indeed, the average overall temperature last year was a balmy 18°C.
During the hottest day of last year, the mercury climbed to 34.9°C, which is just shy of the record set in 2022: 35.1°C.
At the other end of the scale, 2023's absolute minimum was 4.6°C. Unlike pre-2020, when negative temperatures were normal winter occurrences, temperatures haven't fallen below 0°C in the last five years, according to the data collected by Monaco's principal weather station in the Jardin Exotique.
HERE COMES THE SUN
There were an average 7.3 hours of sunshine per day in 2023. July was sunniest and clocked 326 hours, while December noted the least, with 130. Overall, there was just 0.3% difference between 2023 and 2022, the equivalent of a mere nine hours.
Precipitation levels were alarming low, with only 436mm of rain recorded throughout the entire year, compared to Monaco's annual average of 794mm.
There were 46 rainy days in total, a full 17 days less than normal. Oddly, the rainiest day came in August, when 47.3mm fell in a single day. Overall, October was the wettest month of last year, racking up 90mm, while February came bottom of the list with a shocking 0mm.
After record lows in 2001 and then again in 2007, 2023 has the dubious honour of being among the three driest years on record in the Principality.
To read the full report for yourself, click here.
Photo source: Antoine Contenseau, Unsplash


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"How to Tell If Your Cat Is Plotting to Kill You" is an offering of cat comics, facts and instructional guides from the creative wonderland at TheOatmeal.com.
If you are a cat lover like me, you'll find this book funny.
It's a quick read as it's just graphics.
Some of the topics include:
- The daily antics of the Bobcats at the office
- How to pet a kitty
- How your cat sees you
- Walking a dog versus a cat
- If we treated our cats like they treat us
- How to deal with kitty litter
- How kittens are plotting to take over the world
Here are some examples of the Bobcats:

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


local farming
Ithaca College
Local farms provide communities not only with nutritious food, but also a way towards environmental sustainability by working directly with their local community.
When Carol Anne Sayle began farming with her husband Larry Butler in 1981, they were ahead of their time as urban farmers. They also became early voices in the locavore movement in Austin, Texas. (Eva Legge/Dartmouth College)
Planet Forward Correspondent | Dartmouth College
Two Austin, Texas, urban farms led the way for their area's locavore movement. These farmers talk about their motivation, and discuss why eating local is so important.
Planet Forward Senior Correspondent | University of Georgia
Roger Williams University


Describe Formation of Lenticel
On the bark of woody plants, there is some lens-shaped or egg-shaped pores present called lenticel.
i) For the convenience of gaseous exchange cork cambium, in different places, produces thin-walled round parenchymatous cells instead of cork tissue.
ii) Due to the formation of parenchymatous cells, cell division occurs rapidly in them. Thus, a pressure falls on epidermal tissue and the epidermal cells rupture and form lens-shaped pores
iii) The parenchymatos cells below the lens-shaped pores are known as complementary cells. These lens-shaped pores and the area of complementary cells lying below the lens-shaped pores are known as lenticels.
i) The main function of lenticel is to perform gaseous exchange between air and inner tissues.
ii) Often a little transpiration may occur through lenticel.
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text: The dynamics of riparian vegetation in a reach of the Lijiang River, China, are investigated. A new process-based model is developed based on cellular automata, which simulates the key processes in the life cycle of the ten most occurring plant species: germination, normal growth, response to floods and droughts, destruction by high velocities, consumption of resources, colonization and competition. The parameterization of these processes is based on controlled experiments on plants sampled in the study area. A traditional statistical model is also developed, which relates the vegetation state to four flow-related variables. Both models are assessed based on data from 12 field surveys in the period from 2009 to 2011, during the dry season, the wet season and at the end of the growing season. Both models predict satisfactorily the spatial distribution of the vegetation cover at the end of the growing season. Although the statistical model is by definition limited to the steady state conditions at the end of the growing season, the process-based model also satisfactorily simulates the temporal dynamics of the vegetation during the dry season and the wet season. Contrary to the statistical model, the process-based model also satisfactorily simulates the vegetation cover outside the area used for the model parameterization. Thus, process-based models are more robust under flow regimes with spatial heterogeneity and important temporal variations. Field observations and process-based model predictions indicate that the regime of dry season and wet season floods is the main regulator of the vegetation cover in the study area. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


text:
Yes. The qNano system components and consumables which includes fluid cells, calibration particles, and nanopores are compatible with electrolytes within a pH range of 4-10. Ideally electrolytes with a pH of 7-7.4 (physiological conditions) are used. If the electrolyte that is used is of a different pH, please contact Izon to enquire about material compatibility testing.
More importantly, Izon calibration particles are made of carboxylated polystyrene which have a pKa of approximately 5. These calibration particles are stable in electrolyte with pH of 7-7.4. If the electrolyte solution that is used has a pH of 5.5 (for example), this will cause aggregation of the calibration particles as they will carry minimal charge at pH 5.5.


text:
The city of Tatu, located 24 kilometres from the centre of Nairobi, the capital and largest city in Kenya, now has a certified water testing laboratory. The infrastructure, equipped with state-of-the-art technology, was recently inaugurated.
Ensuring water quality to support the urban development of Nairobi is the aim of the recently inaugurated water and sanitation testing laboratory in Tatu, located 24 kilometres from the centre of the capital. "In fact, it is known that 68 per cent of human beings will live in cities by 2050. This is why we, as Kenya's leading urban developer, we need to focus on the provision of safe drinking water," says Grace Muriithi, Director of Utilities for Tatu Connect, the utility company of the city of Tatu. The certified water testing laboratory is managed by the Tatu City Water and Sanitation Company. It is accredited by the Kenya Water Utility Regulatory Board under Section 74 of the Water Act.
Tatu's water analysis centre is equipped with advanced technology. This will enable the analysis of basic water parameters, physical and chemical parameters, and microbiological aspects of water samples taken from different sections of the city's supply chain. "The Tatu City Laboratory will enable us to monitor water quality as part of our process control and ensure that our residents receive the highest quality drinking water in accordance with World Health Organization (WHO) standards," said Grace Muriithi.
Two analysts are also part of the staff. They have been trained in the ISO/IEC 17205:2017 laboratory management system and water quality and safety planning.


text:
Rising Stars was a targeted effort at improving academic achievement by rewarding high-growth schools with both a cash incentive and public recognition. About 10 percent of Chicago Public Schools (CPS) elementary and high schools received awards, which were $10,000 per school in 2002-2003 and $8,000 per school in 2003-2004. An awards dinner and banner presentation recognized the achieving schools. Schools were evaluated based on incremental gains in state assessment scores, along with changes in high school graduation and dropout rates. The cash award was quasi-discretionary, with schools free to fund special projects as they saw fit – awards were used to purchase books and supplies, fund field trips and support school activities.
- Early example of recognition and rewards tied to student growth at the school level – now an element in principal achievement awards.


text:
The best shape for containing a pressurised gas is a sphere, where by 'best' we mean the shape that uses the smallest amount of material to contain a given mass of gas at given pressure.
The simplest explanation for this is that, since pressure acts equally in all directions, the best container of pressure is a container that looks the same in all directions -- which is a sphere.
We can see this by examining a pressure vessel made of a liquid: the walls of such a pressure vessel will flow to take up the best shape. Pressure vessels made of liquid are known as 'bubbles', and it is well-known that bubbles tend to be spherical.
The bathyscape Trieste, built in Italy in the Fifties, carried its crew in a steel sphere down to a depth of 11 km below the surface of the ocean. This is a good illustration of the suitability of spheres for withstanding pressure.
So why are scuba tanks cylinders rather than spheres? The cylinder is a compromise between the best pressure-containing shape and the need to mount the tank comfortably and conveniently on the diver's back. Similarly, gas cylinders in laboratories are usually cylindrical, since this allows them to be moved and stored conveniently.
making a small donation to science.ca.


text:
Representing class dynamics in Baz Luhrmann's Australia
AccessCC0 1.0 Universalinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccesshttp://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
MetadataShow full item record
CitationKESİRLİ, A. (2011). Representing class dynamics in Baz Luhrmann's Australia. Atılım Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 1 (1), 69-78.ss.
This article explores the class dynamics in Baz Luhrmann's Australia and discusses how both the narrative and the characters in the film are surrounded by constant change, movement and transitivity. It analyzes the multi-layered narrative of the film in order to determine the class dynamics between the characters and to discover their shifting positions. Throughout the analyses, the article refers to how social inequalities, colonial exploitation and cultural imperialism are represented in the narrative of Australia and questions how Baz Luhrmann's cinematic approach and the features of Hollywood historical epic as a genre are related to the representation of those issues in the film.
SourceAtılım Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi
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text:
Our Birds - Barred Plymouth Rock Chicken
Our Animals > Barred Plymouth Rock Chicken
The Plymouth Rock, often called simply Rocks or Barred Rocks (after their most popular color), is a chicken breed that originated in the United States. The Plymouth Rock is a dual-purpose, cold-hardy bird and therefore makes a great breed for the small farm or backyard flock owner. These chickens are often called Plymouth Rocks, but this title correctly belongs to the entire breed, not just the Barred variety. There are seven varieties of Plymouth Rock chickens: barred, blue, buff, Columbian, partridge, silver-penciled and white.
The Plymouth Rock was developed in New England in the middle of the 19th century and was first exhibited as a breed in 1869. Several individuals claimed its invention, using crosses of Dominiques, Black Javas, Cochins, and perhaps Malays and Dorkings. John C. Bennett (_PHONE_) has been credited with either creating or popularizing the breed. Plymouth Rocks were bred as a dual-purpose fowl, meaning that they were valued both for their meat and for the hens' egg-laying ability. The first Plymouth Rock was barred and other varieties were developed later. The breed became popular very rapidly, and in fact, until World War II, no breed was ever kept and bred as extensively in the United States as the Barred Plymouth Rock. Its popularity came from its qualities as an outstanding farm chicken: hardiness, docility, broodiness, and excellent production of both eggs and meat.
Most of the other varieties were developed from crosses containing some of the same ancestral background as the barred variety. Early in its development, the name Plymouth Rock implied a barred bird, but as more varieties were developed, it became the designation for the breed. The Barred Plymouth Rock was one of the foundation breeds for the broiler industry in the 1920s, and the White Rock continues to be used as the female side of the commercial broiler cross.
Plymouth Rocks are large, long-lived chickens. Some varieties are good layers while others are bred principally for meat. They possess a long, broad back; a moderately deep, full breast; and yellow skin and legs. The hens have a deep, full abdomen, which is a sign of a good layer. The face of a Plymouth Rock is red with red ear lobes, a bright yellow beak, bay-colored eyes, and a single comb of moderate size. Their feathers are fairly loosely held but not so long as to easily tangle.
Generally, Plymouth Rocks are not aggressive, and tame quite easily. They are docile and may show broodiness. The hens usually make good mothers. However, some males and females are big and active enough to be quite a problem if they become aggressive.
Breeders should be aware of the standard weights and not select small or narrow birds for the breeding pen. Common faults include a shallow breast, high tails, narrow bodies and small size. Friendly and curious.


Immunity from arrest means legislatures are privileged from arrest while Congress is "in session" with respect to offenses punishable...
Immunity from arrest means legislatures are privileged from arrest while Congress is "in session" with respect to offenses punishable by up to 6 years of imprisonment.
The purpose of parliamentary immunities is not for the benefit of the officials; rather, it is to protect and support the rights of the people by ensuring that their representatives are doing their jobs according to the dictates of their conscience. It is indispensable no matter how powerful the offended party is.
Thus, congressman who committed an offense punishable for not more than 6 years, but is not attending session, cannot be arrested so long as he is an incumbent congressman, and so long as Congress is in session, whether or not he is attending it, he shall be immune from arrest. (People of the Philippines v. Jalosjos, G.R. Nos. 132875‐76, February 3, 2000).
Moreover, a senator‐lawyer cannot be disbarred or disciplined by the Supreme Court for statements made during a privilege speech. The senator‐lawyer's privilege speech is not actionable criminally or in a disciplinary proceeding under the Rules of Court. The Court, however, would be remiss in its duty if it let the Senator's offensive and disrespectful language that definitely tended to denigrate the institution pass by. It is imperative on the Court's part to re‐instill in Senator/Atty. Santiago her duty to respect courts of justice, especially this Tribunal, and remind her anew that parliamentary non‐accountability thus granted to members of Congress is not to protect them against prosecutions for their own benefit, but to enable them, as the people's representatives, to perform the functions of their office without fear of being made responsible before the courts or other forums outside the congressional hall. It is intended to protect members of congress against government pressure and intimidation aimed at influencing the decision‐making prerogatives of Congress and its members. (Pobre v. Sen. Defensor‐Santiago, A.C. No. 7399, Aug. 25, 2009)
Congress is not considered in session during a recess. During a recess, a congressman who has committed an offense punishable by not more than 6 years imprisonment may be arrested.
The Constitution provides only a privilege from arrest in order to ensure the attendance of Congressmen. It does not provide immunity from searches
Legislative privilege provides that no member shall be questioned or held liable in any forum other than his/her respective Congressional body for any debate or speech in Congress or in any committee thereof. (Sec. 11, Article VI; Pobre v. Sen. Santiago, A.C. No, 7399, August 25, 2009
 However, legislative privilege is subject to the following limitations
1. Protection is only against forum other than Congress itself. Thus, for defamatory remarks, which are otherwise privileged, a member may be sanctioned by either the Senate or the House as the case may be.
2. The "speech or debate" must be made in performance of their duties as members of Congress.
In Paredes, Jr. v. Sandiganbayan, where Sandiganbayan order the preventive suspension of a Member of the HoR being prosecuted criminally for the violation of the Anti‐Graft and Corrupt Practices Act, the Court held that the accused cannot validly argue that only his peers in the House of Representatives can suspend him because the court‐ordered suspension is a preventive measure that is different and distinct from the suspension ordered by his peers for disorderly behavior which is a penalty. (Paredes, Jr. v. Sandiganbayan, GR 118354, August 8, 1995)
To avail the Privilege of Speech and Debate, the following requirements must be observed:
1. That the remarks must be made while the legislature or the legislative committee is functioning, that is in session
2. That they must be made in connection with the discharge of official duties.
To invoke the privilege of speech, the matter must be oral and must be proven to be indeed privileged.
Speech or debate includes a vote or passage of a resolution, all the utterances made by Congressmen in the performance of their functions such as speeches delivered, statements made, or votes casts in the halls of Congress. It also includes bills introduced in Congress (whether or not it is in session) and all the other utterances (made outside or inside the premises of Congress) provided they are made in accordance with a legislative function. (Jimenez, v. Cabangbang, G.R. No. L‐15905, August 3, 1966)
Publication does not at all times fall under the scope of speech. The same shall be made while Congress is in session and not during its recess. However, if publication is made when Congress is not in session, it is not privileged because Congressman is said to be not acting as congressman. (Jimenez, v. Cabangbang, G.R. No. L‐15905, August 3, 1966)
It must be noted that the purpose of the privilege is to insure the effective discharge of functions of Congress. The privilege may be abused but it is said that such is not so damaging or detrimental as compared to the denial or withdrawal of such privilege. photo source:
DISCLAIMER: The author is not lawyer nor an authority on this topic. It is a product of humble research and study of law. The information provided is not a legal advice and it should not be used as a substitute for a competent legal advice from a licensed lawyer.
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1
I am using Visual Basic 6
I have the following code structure:
FUNCNINFO is a structure
Public funcTable() As FUNCNINFO
-----
------
ReDim Preserve funcTable(0 To upsize + ns)
When the value of (upsize + ns) is exceeding 32766,it is giving the runtime overflow error '6' Do you have any idea of the cause and the solution?
1
 - 1
 Are upsize and ns ints or longs? If you're lucky this is just the 16-bit int limit (though that's usually 32767) but I wouldn't be surprised if this was an array size limit. Do you really need your funcTable that large? – Rup Jul 28 '10 at 10:06
7
VB6's Integer type is 16 bits so cannot store a value > 32767, its Long that's the 32 bit integer type so the following will work;
Dim upsize As Long
Dim ns As Long
upsize = 32766
ns = 12345
ReDim Preserve funcTable(0& To upsize + ns)
4
 - Hi Thanks.. Please note that indvidual value of upsize and ns is not exceeding size of integer,it is there combination which is exceeding. – Pradeep Jul 28 '10 at 10:13
 - 2
 nor are they in my example, if they were both declared as integer (or not declared at all) then a error 6 overflow is thrown – Alex K. Jul 28 '10 at 10:21
 - Hi Rup, Yes this is array size limit in real scenario. – Pradeep Jul 28 '10 at 10:33
 - 1
 @Pradeep I think Alex is correct (+1 Alex). Please try changing your code to see whether it fixes the problem, and let us know what happens. If you don't want to change the type of your variables you could write ReDim Preserve funcTable(0 To CLng(upsize) + CLng(ns)) – MarkJ Jul 28 '10 at 11:30
0
I discovered that the it was the database which had errors. I did not troubleshoot where exactly the error was but just took a backup before the updated one and it worked ok
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Ann Emerg Med. 1998 Jan;31(1):87-91.
How do physicians and nurses spend their time in the emergency department?
Author information
 - 1Summer Research Program, Methodist Hospital of Indiana, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
To determine how emergency physicians and nurses spend their time on emergency department activities.
An observational time-and-motion study was performed at a 36-bed ED with annual census of 84,000 in a central city teaching hospital sponsoring an emergency medicine residency program. Participants were emergency medicine faculty physicians, secondand third-year emergency medicine resident physicians, and emergency nurses. A single investigator followed individual health care providers for 180-minute periods and recorded time spent on various activities, type and number of activities, and distance walked. Activities were categorized as direct patient care (eg. history and physical examination), indirect patient care (eg. charting), or non-patient care (eg. break time).
On average, subjects spent 32% of their time on direct patient care, 47% on indirect patient care, and 21% on non-patient care Faculty physicians, residents, and emergency nurses differed in the time spent on these three categories of activities. Although the overall time spent on direct patient care activities was not significantly different, emergency nurses spent more of their time (2.2%) providing comfort measures (a subcategory of direct patient care) than did faculty physicians (.05%) or resident physicians (.03%). Emergency nurses spent 38.9% of their time performing indirect care, whereas faculty physicians spent 51.3% and resident physicians 53.7%. Resident physicians spent more time charting than did faculty physicians or emergency nurses (21.4%, 11.9%, and 6.9%, respectively). Emergency nurses spent more time on personal activities than did physicians, and faculty physicians walked less than either emergency nurses or resident physicians.
Emergency physicians and nurses spent almost half of their time on indirect patient care. Physicians spent significantly more time on indirect patient care activities and significantly less time on personal activities than did nurses.
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A Comparison of Numeric Integration Schemes
Runge Kutta vs. Euler - On the Influence of time step sizes on the accuracy of numerical simulations
Introduction
In this article i will use two real world examples in order to illustrate how the proper selection of time steps will influence the result of a numerical simulation. I got the idea for this article after finishing the magnetic pendulum simulation. The problem solved there is chaotic and i always wanted to know how reliable the result is and how different it would have been looked like had i choosen to use another integration scheme. Moreover i wanted to know if it is possible to find points in such a simulation where from a set of different integrators every single one of them converges to a different magnet. This article will answer both questions and in addition it will shed some light on the importance of choosing the right integration scheme and time step size with focus on the balance between accuracy and calculation speed.
In order to understand this article I recommend basic knowledge of numerical integration schemes. Having heard about Euler, Runge-Kutta and Adams-Bashforth integration schemes would certainly help since i will not explain them in detail here. If you do not know about Runge-Kutta I recommend the following article:
Accuracy of an integration scheme
The accuracy of an integration scheme is described by the local and the global error. The local error is the error made at a single integration step. The global error is the sum of local errors for many integration steps. Usually the big O notation is used to describe the local and global error of an integration scheme. The maximum global error of an integration scheme of order p (for small step sizes) is a function proportional to h^p or in big O notation: O(h^p). The general rule is: The higher the order p, the better is the integration scheme.
Singlestep methods
Method name Abbreviation Local error Global error
Euler Euler O(h^2) O(h)
Modified Euler Euler mod. O(h^3) O(h^2)
Heun Method Heun O(h^3) O(h^2)
Runge-Kutta 3th order RK3 O(h^4) O(h^3)
Runge-Kutta 4th order RK4 O(h^5) O(h^4)
Runge-Kutta 5th order RK5 O(h^6) O(h^5)
Multistep methods
Method name Abbreviation Local error Global error
Adams-Bashforth
(2 Steps)
ADB2 O(h^3) O(h^2)
Adams-Bashforth
(3 Steps)
ADB3 O(h^4) O(h^3)
Adams-Bashforth
(4 Steps)
ADB4 O(h^5) O(h^4)
Adams-Bashforth
(5 Steps)
ADB5 O(h^6) O(h^5)
Adams-Bashforth
(6 Steps)
ADB6 O(h^7) O(h^6)
Table 1: List of all integration schemes used in this test and their basic properties.
Image 1: Total error as the of the sum of roundoff error and method error.
The ultimate goal of every simulation is getting accurate results in a reasonable amount of time. You have the choice of the integration scheme and once you select it you have to use it with a suitable timestep. The general Problem is that an accurate high order scheme will require more evaluations making it slower but on the other side it will work with larger step sizes making it faster. So your choice is either using an accurate scheme with large time steps or an not so accurate scheme with smaller time steps. But be carefull: One of the misconceptions is that if you choose your time step small enough even a bad integration scheme like Euler will produce the right result. That is wrong! To find out why lets have a closer look at the global error of a numerical scheme. The following properties of the integration scheme are directly linked to the time step size:
Image 1 now shows the total error as the sum of roundoff error and method error plotted on a logarithmic scale. As you can see there is a step width for which the global error has a minimum. Every numerical scheme has an optimal time step size for which the total error is minimized. The consequence is that if you select your time step size too small your result will get worse not better! So much for the theory but can we actually observe this in a example? Lets find that out on the next page.
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text: Many researchers study the search of unknown areas with teams of cooperating robots. Robot cooperation often relies upon shared representations built from shared information. When robots share information, they inadvertently share the error associated with that information. In this research, we realistically assume that all position-based data has some amount of localization error. We model the propagation of this error in cooperative search. We conjecture that propagation of error differs based on whether search targets are shared or locally discovered. Search errors due to inaccurate position estimates are quantified and compared in both approaches via simulations.


text:
Utilities such as PG&E had been telling customers that smart meters would transmit only about 45 seconds each day. Under pressure from citizens and finally a court order from a California Public Utilities Commission Judge, answers compelled from PG&E show that smart meters transmit an average of 9,981 times per day. That's just the average; one meter's transmissions amounted to over 190,000.
Adding up all these millisecond bursts of pulsed, digital signals amounts, apparently, to about 45 seconds. But the fact is, these signals are almost continuous.
Says the San Francisco Chronicle report: "…the sheer volume of transmissions will likely anger people who consider the radiation from cell phones, Wi-Fi computers and Smart Meters to be a health hazard. PG&E has often countered their criticism by noting that the digital meters don't transmit continuously.The company, which has installed 8.7 million of the meters, maintains that their signals pose no threat. And of course the entire notion that wireless signals can be dangerous remains fiercely contested."
The EMF Safety Network adds: "How about peak power figures? The PG&E electric meter transmits at 900MHz with 1 watt of transmit power. It has an antennae gain 4.0 dBi for a peak level power of 2.5 watts. That's two and a half times more than their safety data stated."
The EMF Safety Network post concludes that PG&E's own numbers now confirm Sage Associates' estimates of smart meter emissions. Sage Associates' analysis was apparently so credible that the Electric Power Research Institute was compelled to try and refute it. GWP has posted that rebuttal on its Smart Meter Radio Frequency FAQ page. They have not posted Sage's response to the EPRI paper.
Cindy Sage, principal of Sage Associates, is a presenter at the November 10 Smart Meter Community Forum to be held here in Glendale. Sunroom Desk will have more on her research in an upcoming post.


text:
WIPL-D Lite is a limited, low cost version of WIPL-D Microwave Pro which performs analysis of projects up to 665 unknowns. It includes version 6.0 of WIPL-D Pro and Optimizer Lite (optimization for max 2 variables is supported), and it is distributed by Artech House.
Advanced features of WIPL-D Pro (Objects, Manipulations etc.) are not supported, yet this tool provides accurate results and enables its users to efficiently simulate electromagnetic behavior of many structures. The Microwave part enables simulation of circuit structures, while the 3D EM part runs in a similar way as WIPL-D Pro and enables full-wave electromagnetic simulation, limited by the number of unknowns.
This version is used by many academics, engineers and students throughout the world because it doesn't cost much, and yet it is an accurate and reliable tool.
Limitations of the Lite version:
- The number of nodes in the circuit is limited to 10,
- The number of components in the circuit (without circuit ports or sources) is limited to 10,
- The number of circuit ports is limited to 10,
- The number of ports that any component can have is limited to 10.
3D EM structures:
- The number of unknowns in 3D EM projects is limited to 665,
- The number of nodes within a 3D structure is limited to 1000,
- The number of elements of a 3D structure is limited to 1000,
- The number of excitations is limited to 1000.
The comparison of the Lite and Pro versions of WIPL-D Microwave, with the list of improvements version-by-version, is available here.
For more information on how to obtain WIPL-D Lite, what can be done with it and possible application, contact our sales department.


text:
Prayer: Does it Make Any Difference?
Multi-award winning spirituality writer Philip Yancey is loved throughout the world for his honest, insightful and inspirational writing. PRAYER: DOES IT MAKE ANY DIFFERENCE? carries all the hallmarks of classic Yancey, a journalist by training. His quest to unravel the mysteries of prayer reads as the journal of a fellow traveller: questioning, challenging, lamenting the unexplainable and rejoicing in the discovery of awesome insights. His journey is beautifully illustrated with moving true stories drawn from around the world.
PRAYER: DOES IT MAKE ANY DIFFERENCE? tackles the following questions: What is prayer? What difference does it make? Why and how should we pray? What about unanswered prayer? How should we understand prayer for physical healing?
Focusing on such a universal theme, this is potentially Yancey's biggest book yet. To date, his books have sold over 14 million copies, and have been translated into 25 languages. His first book with Hodder, SOUL SURVIVOR, sold over 90,000 copies in just five years.


Caplin Trader 4.5.2
Class: module:br/presenter/node/Nodes
module:br/presenter/node/Nodes
A class used to hold collections of nodes, and providing utility methods for performing operations over those collections.
Constructor
new module:br/presenter/node/Nodes(pNodes)
Constructs a new Nodes instance containing the given list of module:br/presenter/node/PresentationNode objects.
Parameters:
Name Type Description
pNodes Array (optional) The set of nodes.
Methods
getNodesArray()
Returns the underlying array this collection is built from.
properties()
Returns all properties for the nodes within this collection.


text:
Size is not all that matters. But still, we would love to know how big Hoboken in New Jersey is. Here is the answer:
Hoboken, New Jersey covers an area of 5.18 square kilometers (2 square miles).
With 50,005 people living in Hoboken that comes to a population density of 9653.47 inhabitants per square kilometer (25002.5 / sq mi)
As a reference: The 8,398,748 people living in New York City are crammed onto 1214 sq km (468.73 sq mi), which results into a population density of 6918 inhabitants per square kilometer (17918 / sq mi).
Hoboken ( HOH-boh-kən; Unami: Hupokàn) is a city in Hudson County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the city's population was 50,005, having grown by 11,428 (+29.6%) from 38,577 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn increased by 5,180 (+15.5%) from the 33,397 in the 1990 Census. Hoboken is part of the New York metropolitan area and is the site of Hoboken Terminal, a major transportation hub for the tri-state region.Hoboken was first settled as part of the Pavonia, New Netherland colony in the 17th century. During the early 19th century the city was developed by Colonel John Stevens, first as a resort and later as a residential neighborhood. Originally part of Bergen Township and later North Bergen Township, it became a separate township in 1849 and was incorporated as a city in 1855. Hoboken is the location of the first recorded game of baseball and of the Stevens Institute of Technology, one of the oldest technological universities in the United States. It is also well known for being the birthplace and hometown of American singer Frank Sinatra, and there are parks and streets located in the city that are named for him.Located on the Hudson Waterfront, the city was an integral part of the Port of New York and New Jersey and home to major industries for most of the 20th century. The character of the city has changed from a blue collar town to one of upscale shops and condominiums. It has been ranked 2nd in Niche's "2019 Best Places to Live in Hudson County" list.
Cities with a similar size as Hoboken
If you want to check which cities have a similar size as Hoboken, New Jersey, here you go:
- Garfield, New Jersey with a size of 5.67 square kilometers (5.67 sq mi), population: 10,213
- Cheney, Washington with a size of 4.37 square kilometers (4.37 sq mi), population: 10,590
- Hamtramck, Michigan with a size of 5.41 square kilometers (5.41 sq mi), population: 22,976
- Clawson, Michigan with a size of 5.70 square kilometers (5.70 sq mi), population: 11,825
- Farmersville, California with a size of 5.85 square kilometers (5.85 sq mi), population: 10,588
- Uniontown, Pennsylvania with a size of 5.29 square kilometers (5.29 sq mi), population: 10,372
- Cornelius, Oregon with a size of 5.19 square kilometers (5.19 sq mi), population: 11,869
- University Heights, Ohio with a size of 4.71 square kilometers (4.71 sq mi), population: 13,539
- Lawndale, California with a size of 5.11 square kilometers (5.11 sq mi), population: 32,769
- Parlier, California with a size of 6.00 square kilometers (6.00 sq mi), population: 14,494
Cities with a similar population density as Hoboken
Other cities that have a similar population density as Hoboken, New Jersey are:
- Arlington County, Virginia with a population density of 8,627 people per sq km (22,334 / sq mi).
- Passaic, New Jersey with a population density of 8,313 people per sq km (21,537 / sq mi).
- Cusseta, Georgia with a population density of 8,102 people per sq km (20,953 / sq mi).
- Maywood, California with a population density of 8,976 people per sq km (23,216 / sq mi).
- Takoma Park, Maryland with a population density of 8,589 people per sq km (22,356 / sq mi).
Cities with a similar population size as Hoboken
Here a list of cities that have a similar number of inhabitants like Hoboken, New Jersey:
- Novato, California with a population of 51,904 people
- Grand Junction, Colorado with a population of 59,899 people
- Middletown, Connecticut with a population of 47,648 people
- Shoreline, Washington with a population of 53,007 people
- Binghamton, New York with a population of 47,376 people
- Coeur d'Alene, Idaho with a population of 44,137 people
- San Jacinto, California with a population of 44,199 people
- La Mesa, California with a population of 57,065 people
- Lewiston, Idaho with a population of 41,789 people
- Council Bluffs, Iowa with a population of 62,230 people


The FBC Guide To Using Dried Fruit | Food Bloggers of Canada
An Allergen Friendly Guide To Dried Fruit | Food Bloggers of Canada
Dried fruit is an ingredient we probably don't think about when we consider allergy risks. After all, it's just fruit that's had the moisture sucked out of it, right?
Not always, unfortunately. In today's column, I'll walk you through some the allergy and health considerations you may want to be mindful of when using dried fruit or cooking for someone with an allergy.
Dried Fruit and Gluten-Intolerance/Celiac Disease
If you're serving food or desserts to people with celiac disease or a gluten intolerance, be aware dried fruits may be contaminated with sources of gluten. Some companies that sell dried fruits coat them with glutenous flours so they don't stick together. You probably won't be able to see the flour with the naked eye, but the presence of flour is enough to trigger a reaction in someone who is gluten intolerant or has celiac disease. It's typically a good bet to ask the grocery store manager or call the company to double check if flours or another glutenous ingredient were used.
Also, if you purchase from bulk bins someone else may have accidentally used a scoop from another bin with a glutenous product and then left it in the dried fruit. So even if the fruit in the bin was initially gluten free, the contaminated scoop tainted the whole thing. Whenever possible, I like to buy from the vertical bins where you have to pull a lever to release the bulk goodies; that way, you don't have scoops coming and going willy-nilly.
Dried Fruit and Mould
Dried fruit can support mould and yeast growth, and this can lead to the production of mycotoxins. Mycotoxins are compounds that can impact our immune health, and potentially cause gastrointestinal distress and influence liver, kidney and carcinogenic diseases. Some moulds may cause respiratory or skin symptoms as well.
Shipping, handling and storing can impact mould growth on foods. Here in Canada, the government monitors our food supply and sets maximum allowable levels for mycotoxins. Once you buy them, ensure you store dried fruits properly in airtight containers and stash in a cool, dark place (you can also check out this post from Well Preserved for more dried fruit storage and handling tips).
Check your dried fruit for any visible signs of mould and note any strange odours, discolouration or a change in texture. When in doubt, just throw it out! Also, don't just scrape off the mouldy bits; if mould is showing up in one part of your dried fruit, it will likely have infiltrated the whole thing.
Dried Fruit and Sulphites
An Allergen Friendly Guide To Dried Fruit | Food Bloggers of Canada
Sulphites are a preservative used on dried fruit — as well as many other foods and beverages — to extend shelf life. The sulphites found on dried fruit are linked to a range of effects, including itchy skin, hives, stomach pain, diarrhea, asthma and even anaphylaxis.
The government requires food companies to list suphites on packaging, so be sure to check labels if you or someone you know is sensitive to them.
Dried Fruit and Blood Sugar
Since most fresh fruit is already naturally sweet, when you remove the water what you're left with are highly concentrated nuggets of sweetness and fibre. While fibre can help to slow down blood sugar, you're still consuming a lot of sugar and it's important to be mindful of how much dried fruit you eat. It's much easier to guzzle a dozen dried apricots than to eat a dozen fresh ones in one sitting, right?
RELATED: The Spice Box: Getting To Know Nutmeg & Mace
Some dried fruit manufacturers coat their products with extra sugar, maple syrup or fruit juices to make them even sweeter, or to make them more palable in some cases. Take dried cranberries, for instance. Cranberries are incredibly sour when fresh, while the dried versions are often more sweet than tangy.
You may also want to make a note to drink more water if you've been snacking on dried fruits, or rehydrate dried fruits for a few minutes in warm water before using them so your digestive tract doesn't need to pull additional water to rehydrate them. Remember, dried fruit is high in fibre, and fibre needs water to move through your system efficiently.
How To Use Dried Fruit
Dried fruit can be used in your diet in a multitude of ways, including:
Make Your Own Dried Fruit!
An Allergen Friendly Guide To Dried Fruit | Food Bloggers of Canada
Drying fruits is a great way to preserve them, especially if you've got a large amount on hand and have already made jam and frozen several containers worth in the freezer.
You can use a food dehydrator if you have one, or dry them out in 4 to 8 hours in the oven. My two favourite things to make are fruit leather and apple chips. Fruit leather is super easy: puree your fruit in a food processor or blender, then spread it out to dry in your dehydrator or on parchment in the oven. For apple chips, I slice them thinly and sprinkle with cinnamon (you could also add dried ginger or nutmeg), then bake in the oven until they're dry. Great for fall apple season!
Storing Dried Fruit
Dried fruit should be stored in a cool, dark place in an airtight container and can last for several months like this. You can also store them in airtight glass containers that can look really pretty on your counter or pantry shelves but exposure to light will shorten the shelf life of your dried fruit so be sure to use them up quickly if you do that.
You can also store dried fruit in the freezer if you want to keep it longer. It can last up to a year like this.
How do you like to use dried fruit in your everyday cooking? Please share in the comments!
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One Comment
Julia (_USER_)
Oh wow, didn't know about flour coating and some other interesting facts in the article. Thanks for sharing all this information as I use dry fruit in cooking a lot and also love eating t as a snack
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Sri Lankan Expatriate Catholic Community is a vibrant cultural group in the Province of Ontario contributing to the prosperity of the province and the Canadian Nation even as it is an important cultural community with its own indigenous heritage, culture and identity in the social fabric of multi-cultural, multi-ethnic and multi-religious Sri Lanka.
As such, expatriate Sri Lankan Catholics have expressed a genuine desire and a need to form an organization that would represent them and become their voice in the Province of Ontario and in the Canadian Nation to impress their identity as a cultural community that merit the attention of both provincial and federal authorities.


System concept
Figure below provides an overview of the HumSAT system concept:
HumSAT system concept
System applications
The HumSAT system will provide a generic communications service commonly known as "storage and forward", above which the different users of the system will be expected to build and define their own applications.
Nevertheless, several killer applications can be identified as the core set of applications for whom the HumSAT system is expected to provide its services:
 1. Autonomous climate change control measurements; for instance, in-situ measurements of wind speed and direction in several locations of the Atlantic Ocean or for continuously monitoring the temperature at different points in the Arctic Ocean.
 2. Low data-rate communications support in infrastructures-less areas like, for example, certain areas of developing countries or unhabitated areas like the Sahara Desert.
 3. Emergency beacon localization, for providing support in humanitarian initiatives or in emergencies (natural disasters, accidents… etc.)


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This diversion is a secondary diversion and only supplies water when flows are high enough to divert (typically just a few months out of the year). It was failing due to a passive vertical screen that was out of compliance and could not handle high levels of debris edit.
Since the installation of the Farmers Screen, Three Sisters Irrigation District has become a model of irrigation modernization and fish protection in the Deschutes River basin.
Three Sisters Irrigation District (TSID) diverts up to 160 CFS from Whychus Creek, a tributary to the Deschutes River. TSID has historically diverted water using a stream-spanning, low-head dam and did not have a fish screen in place. The diversion is located on US Forest Service land in the National Forest where a re-introduction of summer Steelhead is occurring.
The dual-design custom Farmers Screen allows for a range of diverted flows from 30 – 160 cfs while still meeting NMFS criteria. This Farmers Screen also has a built-in sediment management system which allows continuous flushing of sediment from under the screen during high sediment times of the year.
The screened water leaves the structure and enters two pipelines that carry it to a reservoir for delivery to farmers and ranchers. By-pass flow carries fish and debris back to Whychus Creek through a pipeline.


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This step by step article explains how to calculate Km and Vmax using Microsoft Excel.
Solver add-in is available as a part of optional component in Excel. With Solver, you can find an optimal value for a formula in one cell — called the target cell — on a worksheet. Solver works with a group of cells that are related, either directly or indirectly, to the formula in the target cell. Solver adjusts the values in the changing cells you specify — called the adjustable cells — to produce the result you specify from the target cell formula. Your target formula of course will be the Michaelis-Menten formula. You will use it to calculate the "calculated rates". You will need the values of Km and Vmax which will be your adjustable cells and since we don't know the values we will use random numbers. The target cell will be the sum of the square differences between experimental and calculated rates. When the target cell will be minimized it will minimize the difference between the experimental and the calculate rate and adjust the values of Km and Vmax thus fitting the calculated rates curve to your experimental data.
Select cell A1 and type Km= and press enter. Type Vmax= and then select cell B1. The B1 will contain the value for Km as mentioned above we will use a random number so type 1 and press enter. Type 1 again and this will be your Vmax. If you fill your data similar to the next picture then you can follow the step by step instructions.
To calculate the Calculated velocity select the C5 and type "=" then select the value of Vmax (cell B2), type *, select the corresponding substrate (cell A5), type /, open parenthesis, select the value of Km (B1), add the substrate concentration and close the parenthesis. To keep the position of the Km and Vmax values constant add the $ sign before the column and the row number so instead of B2 you will have $B$2. Hit enter. Select the calculated cell and move the mouse pointer to the right bottom corner, when the pointer turns into a cross push the mouse left button and pull it down to calculate the rates for the rest of the substrate concentrations.
To visualize the data you will plot both series on one plot
Select the date columns A to C and corresponding rows depending on how many substrate concentrations you have and hit the plot button on your toolbar,select chart type scattered and click next. Follow the rest of the chart wizard steps to finish the plot if you wish to rename the series you may do so. Once the plot is ready double click the data series that corresponds to calculated velocity (when you click on the data series the corresponding columns and rows are highlighted) and change the marker format to none and line format to custom. Your plot should look similar to the plot below.
Calculate the difference between the measured and
experimental velocities. You can use the excel formula POWER to calculate the
square of the difference. Your screen will look similar to the following
Since the Solver can minimize one value at a time you will calculate the sum of the square of differences.
Select the cell which contains the sum of the square differences and choose solver from the Tools menu.
Your screen will look similar to the following picture.
As you can see the Target cell is set to the sum of the square difference and it will be minimized by changing the cells which contain the random values of Km and Vmax.
Select Solve, solver will pose after first approximation and you will need to click on continue button. When the last iteration is done you will note that the calculated curve if fit to your measured velocities and the Km and Vmax are changed.
To test the goodness of the fit as an additional exercise you can calculate the correlation coefficient or R-square.


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Hundreds of years ago, settlers who came to Fort Worth were greeted by rolling prairies for as far as the eye could see. Today, those welcoming fields have been replaced by growing cities and towns, but Botanical Research Institute of Texas (BRIT) remembers this heritage and culture with the annual celebration of Prairie Day.
BRIT's Prairie Day offers family-friendly education about the beauty and importance of the North Texas landscape through hands-on events and activities that kids will love. Kids will be encouraged to get a little dirty as they help to make seed balls, a Prairie Day tradition. Using a Native American technique, visitors will combine seeds, humus, and red clay into tiny packets of life that will be tossed into the fields surrounding BRIT to populate the area with native plants. Imagine the fun of returning to the BRIT next spring to see the plants you helped to grow!
Other activities throughout the day will combine fun family games with opportunities to learn about nature, including face painting, balloon twisting, and a variety of games provided by the Log Cabin Village. In addition, live music and cowboy poets will be on hand to entertain the crowd.
Don't miss these other great activities:
- Beekeeping demonstrations
- Soap and candle making
- Children's coloring contest
- Basket Weaving
- Solar Cooking Demonstrations
- Meet two special guest prairie dogs
The 3rd annual Prairie Day event will be held on Saturday, May 18th from 10 am to 2 pm at BRIT Headquarters 1700 University Drive.


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Funerary sculpture from the Eastern Han period (25-220)
A Bixie (Chinese: 辟邪; pinyin: bìxié, Wade-Giles: Pi-hsieh; Japanese: 辟邪, へきじゃ, Hekija) is a type of lion-like mythological Chinese creature, or chimera. It is considered as an exorcising animal (辟邪 literally means "Avoid Evil") and is usually hornless.[1][2] See also Pixiu.
The Bixie can have a pair of wings, which makes it rather similar to the Tianlu (Chinese: 天禄, Japanese: 天禄, てんろく, Tenroku) in following early Chinese sculptural traditions of winged celestial beasts.[1]
The Bixie may have been an adoption from Mesopotamian art, through Persia and Bactria, as a consequence of extensive trade relations initiated by Emperor Han Wudi during the Han period.[3]
Some western scholars of Chinese art use the word "chimera" generically to refer to the bixie, qilin, and tianlu.[4]
See also[edit]
 1. ^ a b Chinese sculpture By Angela Falco Howard p.56
 2. ^ Text and ritual in early China By Martin Kern p.56
 3. ^ China: a history By Harold Miles Tanner p.129


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One set of the 9 standard Reading Helpers
The READING HELPER is available in yellow, red, green, blue, aqua, pink, purple, orange and clear. The yellow and blue READING HELPERS are available in 3 sizes. The standard window (8mm) is used for tracking 1 line while the wide window (16 mm) is used for larger print as well as tracking 2 or 3 lines at a time. They are both 7" in length. The standard long READING HELPER is 8.5" in length with an 8 mm window and is used with wider pages.
|Standard = 8mm window –
7" long (all 9 colors)
|Wide = 16mm window –
7" long (Yellow and Blue only)
|Standard Long = 8 mm window – 8.5" long
(Yellow and Blue only)
To determine which color works best, place one colored READING HELPER on a page of print. Ask the student if this color helps to see the words better. Repeat the procedure with other colors until you receive a positive response.
|Copyright 2011 Reading Helper, Inc. All rights reserved|


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Introducing the Performance of Political Feeling
- Date: Wednesday 27 February 2019, 14:00 – 16:00
- Location: University House
- Type: Seminars and lectures
- Cost: Free
covering Interdisciplinary Approaches and Perspectives
Part of the 2018-19 Sadler Seminar Series, 'The Performance of Political Feeling'
Across the disciplines of arts, humanities and social sciences, contemporary academic research has increasingly sought to devote attention toward the topic of emotion. Paired with an emerging focus in the political arena on the performance of emotion - and indeed political feeling more broadly, – this seminar aims to bring together academics from different disciplines to explore when, how and through what methods and means political feeling is constructed, mediated, understood and theorised. The event will use a film/television montage of events from political and cultural life that speak to the themes of politics/emotion/performance to stimulate conversation. Key questions include:
- What is political feeling? And how do political feelings emerge?
- What political feelings matter – to whom? And how, when and where are they mediated?
- What tenets of performance emerge from political feeling?
- What do the arts, humanities and social sciences do with the study of political feeling?
Key information and speakers:
The event will be introduced by Dr Beth Johnson and facilitated by Professor Stephen Coleman. The second half of the seminar will feature a short talk from writer, broadcaster and performer, Dr Kate Fox
Places are limited for this event, so if you would like to come along please send your rsvp to the seminar convener Beth Johnson
Location: St George Room, University House.


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April 25, 2021
Belmopan – United States Embassy Chargé d'Affaires, a.i. Keith Gilges met with organizations supporting environmental conservation and sustainable development in indigenous communities as part of his two-day visit to the Toledo District.
Chargé Gilges toured the Golden Stream Corridor Preserve with the Ya'axché Conservation Trust, an environmental nonprofit that focuses on protecting biodiversity and human development. Executive Director Christina Garcia explained that the preserve protects the last remaining forested link between the Maya mountains and the coastal lowland forests and provides food and shelter to indigenous wildlife and endangered species. Chargé Gilges met with
local indigenous cacao farmers and beekeepers engaging in environmentally sustainable cultivation practices with the training and support from the trust. Chargé Gilges also visited a group of indigenous Maya women that have installed solar energy in 40 homes in remote indigenous villages in the Toledo District.
Yesterday's visits are part of Chargé Gilges' trip to Stann Creek and Toledo Districts from April


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Classicly, for a spin Riemannian manifold $M$, the $\hat{A}(M)$ genus will be $0$, if the scalar curvature is positive.
The proof is to use the Lichnerowicz formula. we have the index of the Dirac operator will be $0$, i.e., $$Ind(D_+)=0.$$ On the other hand, by the index theorem of Atiyah and Singer, we have $$Ind(D_+)=\hat{A}(M).$$ So we get $$\hat{A}(M)=0.$$
My question is "Can we have a different method to proof this result? without using the Lichnerowicz formula or without using the index theorem" Maybe a formal proof or explanation.
share|improve this question
Do you mean without use of the Lichnerowicz formula and without use of the index theorem? Or do you mean without use of the Lichnerowicz formula but with use of the index theorem? – Kelly Davis Sep 28 '11 at 12:05
Schoen and Yau dealt with positive scalar curvature obstructions using variational methods, but I don't think they identified the $\hat{A}$-genus explicitly. The problem is, as far as I know, the $\hat{A}$-genus doesn't have a geometric interpretation other than that it is the index class for the Dirac operator. – Paul Siegel Sep 28 '11 at 13:34
Hi, Kelly Davis. I want to say "without using of the Lichnerowicz formula or without using of the index theorem". – shu Sep 28 '11 at 14:07
I'm agree with Paul Siegel. One of the motivation to pose this question is that I want to understand the $\hat{A}$ genus by some geometric methods – shu Sep 28 '11 at 14:11
I would guess the answer would go something like: write the $\hat{A}$ genus in terms of the curvature two-form, then use a diagonalization of the curvature two-form, positivity of the scalar curvature, and the fact that $\hat{A}$ is an integer, i.e. $M$ is spin, to prove that the only integer $\hat{A}(M)$ can be is $0$. Admittedly, I have not thought about the last steps in detail, but with all the factors of 1/24 and 1/5760 and...in the $\hat{A}$ genus I'd guess it'll work. – Kelly Davis Sep 28 '11 at 15:26
1 Answer 1
up vote 16 down vote accepted
After thinking about this question for two hours, my belief is strengthened that there cannot be a proof of the vanishing of the A-genus for spin manifolds with positive scalar curvature without using both the index theorem for the Dirac operator and the Lichnerowicz formula (or other analytic techniques). In the comments to the question, a proof using the integrality of the $\hat{A}$-genus and Chern-Weil theory has been suggested. I wish to argue that there is absolute no reason to believe such a proof might work out.
\textbf{Objections to the use of the integrality theorem.} The manifold $CP^2$ has positive scalar curvature and $\hat{A}$-genus $1 /16$. It is of course not spin. Take the connected sum of 16 copies of $CP^2$ and call it $M$. The $\hat{A}$-genus of $M$ is $1$; $M$ is still not spin. The famous surgery lemma by Gromov and Lawson implies that $M$ has a metric of positive scalar curvature, because $M$ is obtained from the manifold $\coprod_{16} CP^2$ by a sequence of surgeries of codimension $4 \geq 3$. So there are connected pscm manifolds with integral but nonzero $\hat{A}$-genus. More generally, it can be shown that any simply connected, high-dimensional, oriented and non-spin manifold admits a metric of positive scalar curvature. This also goes back to Gromov and Lawson, and Sven F\"uhring worked out the details in his thesis:
This result shows that the integrality of the $\hat{A}$-genus has nothing to do with positive scalar curvature and that the spin hypothesis has to be used in a more subtle way.
\textbf{Objections to the use of Chern-Weil theory:} At a first glance, it seems tempting to use Chern-Weil theory for such questions, because it expresses characteristic classes in terms of curvature. Moreover, a conceptual proof of the Gauss-Bonnet theorem can be given with help of this theory. But an examination of the argument quickly shows that this is a lucky accident. The first accident is that the Euler class has a direct geometric-topological meaning, which allows to relate it to another topological invariant (the Euler number), while the complicated rational polynomial in the Pontrjagin classes has no such meaning (Paul Siegel alluded to this point in his comment).
The second accident is that the integrand of the Gauss-Bonnet-Chern theorem only depends on the curvature tensor and not on the metric itself (though to define the integrand, one needs to know that the connection preserves \emph{some} metric).
The problem with scalar curvature is that it depends on both, the connection and the metric, while the Chern-Weil forms only depend on the connection and not on the metric.
Of course there is a universal formula for the $\hat{A}$-form of any Riemann manifold $(M,g)$ of the form $\hat{A} = f(jet^2 g) \cdot vol_g$, where $f$ is an algebraic function of the $2$-jet of the metric. I have not worked out the concrete formula for $f$; for $4$-dimensional manifolds, this should not be too complicated and might be a worthy exercise. I predict that you won't find a formula for $f$ that depends on the scalar curvature in a controllable way. Another remark is that if such a formula gives a result for positive scalar curvature, it should give a result for negative scalar curvature as well. On the other hand, any manifold of large dimension has a metric of negative scalar curvature (Lohkamp).
The conclusion I draw is that Chern-Weil theory is insensitive to the sign of scalar curvature. The next problem is that Chern-Weil theory is insensitive to the spin condition as well: the map $Sym^{\ast} (\mathfrak{so}_n)^{SO(n)}\to Sym^{\ast} (\mathfrak{spin}_n)^{Spin(n)}$ on the space of invariant polynomials is an isomorphism. In other words, the spin condition does not yield any relation between Chern-Weil classes. The integrality of the $\hat{A}$-genus cannot be obtained by a local consideration; this would equate it to another manifestly integral class, which is not the case.
The view that positivity should enter the proof in a more global way is furthermore supported by Gromov's h-principle, a special case of which states that any open manifold (no compact component) has a metric of positive scalar curvature. This implies that any obstruction to positive scalar curvature has to arise in an essential global way.
My conclusion of the above discussion is that the integrality result forgets the relevant information from the spin condition and that Chern-Weil theory is not the correct recipient for the information coming from the positivity of the curvature. Philosophically, integrality is too global to capture the spin condition and Chern-Weil theory is too local to capture the sign of the curvature.
It is a pity that Misha Gromov is not active on this site.....
EDIT: here is an example which shows that any hope to use Chern-Weil theory to obtain information on scalar curvature is in vain.
Fact 1: Let $\nabla_g$ be the Levi-civita connection of the Riemann manifold $(M,g)$, then for all $c>0$, $\nabla_{cg} = \nabla_g$. Fact 2: the scalar curvature of $(M,cg)$ is $c^{-1} scal_g$. Fact 3: the scalar curvature of a product is the sum of the scalar curvature.
Now take $S^2$, $g_0$ the standard metric with $scal_{g_0}=1$; $F$ a genus $\geq 2$ surface with metric $g_1$ and $scal_{g_1}=-1$. Then the product $M=S^2 \times F$ with product metric $(c_0 g_0 )\times (c_1 g_1)$ has scalar curvature $c_{0}^{-1} - c_{1}^{-1}$. Suitable choices of $c_i$ yield any real value for the scalar curvature. But by fact 1, the Levi-Civitta connection and hence the Chern-Weil invariants do not depend on $c_i$.
share|improve this answer
There are even more dramatic statements which demonstrate that the vanishing of the $\hat{A}$ genus due to positive scalar curvature could not possibly be explained locally. Suppose that $M$ is a manifold which is quasi-isometric to $\mathbb{R


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NO WORRIES! An Activity Book For Young People Who Feel Anxious or Stressed
No Worries! is an interactive self-care activity book for children aged 7+ to color and doodle their way to happiness, calm and confidence. The encouraging and simple, yet well designed, activities and exercises tackle anxiety, sadness and stress; children will enjoy using their creativity to combat negative feelings, work out why they feel worried and how to put stress back in its place through writing, coloring, doodling and drawing.


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Arkaim is an archaeological monument of the Bronze Age, a fortified settlement. It is located in Bredinsky district of Chelyabinsk region, on the left bank of the Bolshaya Karaganka river (a tributary of the Urals), near the modern Aleksandrovsky settlement. Unlike many other ancient settlements, the architecture of Arkaim is characterized by a clear planning solution. The settlement consists of two concentric circles of dwellings, each of which was surrounded by a defensive wall and a moat. The total area of the monument is 20,000 sq. m. The inner wall is 85 m in diameter and the outer wall is approximately 145 m. At 50-60 m from the outer wall, the remains of the third rampart are visible. The central part of the settlement is not built up and looks like an open area of 27 x 25 m.
The thickness of circular walls is 3-5 m at the base. Fortifications also include radial walls, which divided the outer ring of dwellings into sectors. Four entrances with elements of labyrinths and gateway "towers" lead to the settlement. The architecture of the monument is wooden and primitive, the dwellings are built on a frame and beam principle. About 60 dwellings were registered, half of which were uncovered by archaeological excavations. Dwellings are above-ground, trapezoidal in plan, 110-180 sq.m. in area. The internal space of the dwellings is strictly zoned, there is a recreational zone, a social and sacral zone, a communication zone. Each dwelling had from one to three wells, functioning in one system with hearths and ovens. Excavations of the settlement revealed complex systems of storm drainage and water conduits, pottery and household furnaces, traces of metallurgy and ritual activities, household items - ceramic vessels, metal, stone and bone tools, jewelry.
The establishment in the steppe of a complex producing economy is associated with the era of the Arkaim. The population of Arkaim was mainly cattle breeding, people also farmed in small volumes (barley, millet), metallurgy and other crafts were highly developed. The ritual sphere of being and probably mythology was developed. The milieu of ritual activity, reconstruction of general ethno-cultural processes show that the population of Arkaim belonged to the cultures of the Indo-European range. A culture of unwritten type with oral and iconographic (ornaments and symbols) transmission of information was practiced.
The Arkaim cultural complex also includes necropolises (Bolshekaragansky burial ground, Aleksandrovsky IV) and unfortified settlements (Kamenny Brod, etc.). The complex is a part of the most ancient urbanized territory in the Urals - the "Land of Cities", which covers the southern (steppe) part of Chelyabinsk region, with adjacent regions of Kazakhstan, north-east of Orenburg region with the border territory of Bashkortostan.


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The following update is cross-posted at ACRL Insider.
ACRL's Framework Advisory Board (FAB) is excited to announce the launch of the ACRL Framework for Information Literacy Sandbox. The 'sandbox' that was first envisioned during the development of the Framework is now a reality.
The Sandbox is an openly accessible platform and repository for librarians and their educational partners to discover, share, collect and use ongoing work related to the ACRL Framework for Information Literacy for Higher Education in practice and professional development. The Sandbox is a dynamic resource whose content is created by contributors engaged in the Framework.
"ACRL's introduction of this innovative resource to support the needs of librarians engaging with the Framework in all types of academic settings is reflective of the association's strategic priorities," said ACRL President Irene M.H. Herold. "By providing opportunities for discovery and sharing of Framework-related instruction and professional development resources, the Sandbox will help build the capacity of librarians to advance the integration of information literacy into student learning. The Sandbox will only be as useful as the membership makes it, so all are encouraged to contribute."
In this platform, visitors can both browse and contribute by searching for materials tailored to their needs and contributing their own materials to share with others. The Sandbox will foster collaboration and networking as librarians discover examples to adapt and try out in their own settings and find others who are working on topics of mutual interest.
We invite you to jump into the Sandbox to share and learn from others. Searching is freely available for everyone – you don't need a login to start searching. And since the content of the Sandbox comes from you, the most important way you can celebrate the launch of the Sandbox is to contribute your Framework-related materials by creating a contributor account. Consult the Sandbox Help Center for information about how to get the most out of using the Sandbox.
The FAB Sandbox Project Team (Donna Witek, Susan Miller, and Sharon Mader) want to thank the Cherry Hill Company, ACRL Executive Director Mary Ellen Davis and the ACRL staff, and ALA ITTS for their collaboration and support in bringing this long-awaited resource to life.
See you in the Sandbox!