Sygic GPS Navigation for iOS (version 18.x)
Free app with option to subscribe to Premium+
Route did not calculate due to an error message
Route calculation failed: Download missing map error
 - This error usually occurs when you are creating a route from one country to another, and the app is missing crucial maps of countries that need to be passed through along the way (for example, if you create a route from Spain to Germany, but are missing the map of France, or from California to Washington without the maps of Oregon or Idaho).
 - To avoid this error, simply make sure that all maps necessary for the route are downloaded. Maps can be added via Menu → Maps, or by tapping on the download prompt which is displayed directly on the map over countries/states not yet downloaded.
 Please note that at the moment, it is not possible to create routes between certain countries if they are from 2 different map providers (this affects mostly the maps that were recently added in the app, most countries across the World are not affected). We are currently looking into a technical solution that should make it possible in the near future. Until then, the only way to navigate to or from affected countries is to create routes to and from the borders.
Route Calculation Has Failed, Roads Limit Reached error
This particular error message appears when the app's routing algorithm reaches it's limit. To further improve it, we would like to ask you to submit any route that you tried to set up in the app in a ticket form from this article. Usually, there are a few reasons why this error appears:
 - The route is too long due to a specific setting. The route would be normally calculated, but because of a specific routing setting, for example highway avoidance, the route possibilities would be exceeded before the route would finish calculating. Please check your settings in Menu → Settings → Route planning tab.
 - The starting point or destination is set in a no-drive zone. In this case, the application would try to calculate the route which cannot be completed and will go on with the calculation until the route processing limit is reached. Try adjusting the destination or starting points slightly.
Route Calculation Has Failed, Other error
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There is a big difference between' junk food' calories and calories from a healthy meal 11 cheap and easy high protein homemade snacks tags. Best answer: well, there are many things you can compare and contrast when it comes to fast food vs home-cooked meals such things are convenience, nutrition, cost, portion control, emotional impact, etc. What is the difference between fast food and junk food the set of fast food can include a quick green leafy salad with a light oil-and-vinegar home-made. If we compare fast food vs home-cooked meals nutritional values, fast food is high in salt, artery-clogging cholesterol, and calories a single meal at a fast food chain can cost you all the calories you consume in a day. Fast food and home-made food have considerable dissimilarities in preparation time, convenience, and quality nowadays, fast food attracts people more than home-made food does it's known as the food that you don't have to prepare.
2 differentiate between junk & healthy food 3 the price difference between healthy food cost comparison although fast food can be cheaper than following a. The similarities and differences between fast food restaurants and home-cooked meals today everyone is working, so you probably won't find a hot meal in the kitchen everyday - the similarities and differences between fast food restaurants and home-cooked meals introduction. Winston pettit instructor rebecca starring english 1101 compare and contrast essay food home cooked vs fast food there are some people that would prefer.
Benefits of fast food restaurants in the united states, the popularity of fast food restaurants is growing every day now days, people can buy a whole meal in fast food restaurants for between 6 to 7 dollars. Fast casual versus fast food the chart below shows the difference between fast food foot traffic and fast casual foot traffic since 2009 -- all numbers are year over year: compare brokers. Write a 1,050- to 1,400-word final draft of your compare-and-contrast essay compare and contrast fast food vs home made food transitions within and between. Fast food comparison faq just in case anything in the above comparison was a little unclear, here is a quick q&a that will hopefully clear it all up and answer any.
What is the difference between homemade food and restaurant food what is the difference between shopmade food and homemade food how do i make fast homemade. Between restaurant and fast food, restaurant meals are often seen as the healthier of the two dining options fast foods are often fried and loaded with saturated fat and sodium until recently. The difference between fast food and restaurants written on 10/22/2014 by tuffy 3 comments i love food and i love eating out specifically in restaurants.
3 the price difference between healthy food & fast food but if you're replacing more and more homemade meals with fast food fare, you could be missing. To compare take like a hamburger from mcdonalds and compare it to a homemade hamburger and see if there any difference also you could do some home cooking your self just make sure you don't burn down the house and compare it to the fast food. We will write a custom essay sample on fast food vs home food specifically for you for only $1638 $139/page nutrition – fast food fast food and homemade food. Why i chose this topic similarities and differences between fast food and homemade food main differences and similarities references-moore, e.
Compare and contrast essay: consuming fresh foods instead of canned foods difference between fresh and canned food is the cost that is involved in. The controversy of whether fast food is superior to home-cooked food has been long in question this essay will elaborate on the similarities and dissimilarities of these aforementioned types of food there are many commonalities between the two the first noticable similarity is that they both. Twofoods is an online food comparison tool that helps you choose healthy foods.
There are a lot of reasons why people choose homemade food versus fast food both homemade food and soul food taste good, however homemade food offers a variety of history, emotions, and memories of different. Another difference is that fast food can be cooked is a short time compare to home cooked meals however fast food needed ten minutes but home cooked needed half an hour to cook yet another difference is that fast food contains a lot of fat, also home cooked had, but the fast food had more than home-cooked.
Although there are some similarities between fast food restaurants and home-cooked meals, there are also many differences between them the first important difference is that the food is more cleaner in your home than the fast food in restaurants. The difference between fast food and homemade meals over the past years people have been eating more fast food sure fast food is good for on the go and becoming healthier ever year. Fast food vs home cooked meals food plays a pivotal role in maintaining proper health making home-made food also saves a lot of cash fast foods cause.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Asphalt 101 for Civil and Geotechnical Engineers: Asphalt Production and Construction
TJ Young; Steve McReynolds
Non-Member: $0.00Your price
Civil and geotechnical engineers often specify asphalt for projects and but don't always get the opportunity to learn about production of the product. This webinar will take attendees behind the scenes using drone video to explore the asphalt production process leading up to delivery on-site. Furthering this educational opportunity, engineers will learn about the construction process by watching asphalt placement and hearing tips to specify and design high-quality jobs presented by experienced asphalt experts.
Attendees should expect to learn:
- How asphalt is produced
- How asphalt is laid
- Ways to improve the end product through design considerations.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text: Dads rule! Cotton-top tamarin fathers play a major role in raising their offspring and are the main caretakers after birth. Siblings also help to raise youngsters and learn the skills they need to be parents when they are mature. We owe much to these little tamarins. Like humans, cotton-tops can spontaneously develop colon cancer. Since they are the only other primates to suffer from this affliction, many of our treatments for this disease have been developed from research done with cotton-top tamarins.


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Addressing student wellbeing for Work Integrated Learning success
Work Integrated Learning (WIL) students are seeking greater levels of support from universities to reflect the personal and financial stresses associated with their participation, according to a new report.
The research led by Dr Deanna Grant-Smith from Queensland University of Technology and funded by the National Centre for Student Equity in Higher Education informed recommendations to improve WIL student outcomes through the refinement of program policies and practices.
Australian universities are under increasing pressure to support students to develop the graduate skills and knowledge required to transition from education into professional practice. The adoption of a range of Work Integrated Learning (WIL) approaches to achieve this aim represents an increasingly prevalent part of the tertiary education landscape. However, successes in increasing the participation of diverse groups in higher education challenge assumptions regarding students' extra-study commitments and the potential impacts of these on students' capacity to participate in WIL activities, particularly unpaid placements. Despite these shifts, there has been limited exploration of student experiences of WIL through a wellbeing lens or with an explicit focus on the equity considerations.
Objectives and methodology
Through the voices and experiences of WIL administrators and participants from the disciplines of health and social services, education and nursing this research identified the personal impacts of participation in WIL, beyond the impacts of professional development and in-situ learning. This research explored personal and other factors influencing students' experiences of WIL placements and their coping strategies for managing the reciprocal impacts of participation on other commitments.
Data for this study was collected using an online student survey, student focus groups, and staff focus groups. The survey and focus group data was analysed using qualitative and quantitative approaches. The analyses sought to identify the impact that personal and other factors can have on the practicum experience, the impact of the practicum experience on other parts of the student's life such as paid work commitments and work-study-life conflicts, and the perceived impact of this on their wellbeing.
In connecting WIL and wellbeing, researchers introduced the concept of WIL wellbeing as a construct to identify the impacts of WIL on participants' wellbeing within and beyond the learning context. Explicitly connecting WIL and wellbeing, and foregrounding the everyday life experiences of WIL participants, the research highlighted the contribution of personal coping strategies (many of which are taken into post-graduation professional practice) to managing a successful WIL experience. In the context of the broad scale adoption of WIL as a learning pedagogy, this research also considered how universities and WIL placement workplaces can better support students in preparation for, and during, their WIL experiences.
Key findings and recommendations
- WIL participants experienced considerable levels of financial stress as a result of undertaking a WIL placement due to the intensive unpaid nature of WIL placements; the additional costs incurred as a result of the placement; relational stressors; and the financial impacts of lost wages. Research participants, regardless of their familial or employment circumstances, suggested that additional financial assistance and support was required by many WIL participants to support their participation.
- WIL workplaces need better preparation and support to positively contribute to participant wellbeing and learning outcomes. Both WIL administrator and student participants in this research identified the impact of attitudes and behaviours of supervisors, co-workers and clients within the WIL workplace on student wellbeing. They concluded that better training, support and vetting of potential WIL workplaces and supervisors is required.
- Greater levels of institutional and community support are required to support WIL participant wellbeing. In addition to more supportive supervisory relationships within the WIL workplace, WIL participants are seeking greater levels of pastoral care, staff support and empathy from universities. Combined, peer, family, community and university support make an important contribution to a successful WIL experience, however, available institutional support and eligibility requirements need to be better communicated to students, particularly those that may not have existing support networks
Conclusions and considerations for policy
Examining the equity implications of WIL participation, this research revealed new insights about participant experiences and has the potential to inform WIL policies and practices to support student wellbeing.
Acknowledging the potential impact of extra-curricular commitments, such as paid employment and caring responsibilities, and other personal factors on the WIL experience and providing focused support is important for supporting student wellbeing, and increasing the potential for a successful placement. Both WIL administrator and student participants in this research proposed that universities and registration/accreditation bodies need to consider alternatives to unpaid WIL placements or structural changes to placement requirements which limit extended unpaid placements.
WIL wellbeing is determined by personal coping strategies and institutional and community support. It is therefore imperative that all stakeholders involved in managing, administering and promoting universal WIL participation are cognisant of the potential impacts of WIL on participants' wellbeing.
Read more here.


Letter to Justin Trudeau on Behalf of Our Members
6 April 2020
Dear Prime Minster Trudeau:
We are writing to express our appreciation for your announcement that support for post-secondary students is forthcoming. Our union local—Public Service Alliance of Canada Local 40004—represents graduate students who work at the University of Saskatchewan as teaching assistants, research assistants, and student assistants. Our members have experienced considerable problems due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Graduate students cannot access offices, labs, archives, and field work necessary to complete their research. These problems are universal and affect graduate students in every department and university across Canada.
Graduate students are the future of Canada's scholarly excellence in all fields of endeavour and will support the continuation of Canada as a research-based economy and society. To that end, we want to highlight to you the supports that our members need and that we hope your government will include in its support for post-secondary students.
Canadian universities have faced financial constraints for many years, so the federal government should provide funding that universities can give directly to their students.
Federal funding should require that universities:
1. Grant all graduate students, regardless of what year they are in of their program of study, an automatic one (1) year extension.
2. Provide all graduate students one (1) year of guaranteed funding
3. Waive tuition and fee payments until students can fully access all university facilities including offices, labs, research materials, libraries, and other campus services
An automatic program extension will give graduate students the time they need to complete their thesis and dissertations. It will make up for time they have lost due to the necessary public health measures to slow the spread of COVID-19. A full additional year of guaranteed funding is necessary to provide the financial ability for students to focus on their academic work. As not all students are eligible or able to take on the debt of more student loans, guaranteed funding is the best solution.
COVID-19 is a universal crisis that creates universal problems for graduate students, therefore, a universal response is required. Your government can lead the way by ensuring support for graduate students that will allow them to complete their programs and begin contributing to Canada's knowledge economy.
With respect,
PSAC Local 40004


Having recently finished (again) The Lord of the Rings trilogy, I wondered what is the earliest known book / novel trilogy in literature? (Yes, I know J.R.R. Tolkien wrote LOTR not as a trilogy but as the first volume of a planned two-volume work, including LOTR and The Silmarillion but the two volume work was never completed and LOTR now stands on its own in what we refer to as a trilogy.)
According to both Wikipedia and Britannica, trilogy is used to describe
Britannica's trilogy entry goes on further to say (Wiki mentions this as well, but quoting Britannica here):
The term originally referred specifically to a group of three tragedies written by one author for competition. This trilogy constituted the traditional set of plays presented in Athens by a number of competitors at the 5th-century-BC drama festivals known as the Great Dionysia. One of the first authors to present such a trilogy was Aeschylus, whose Oresteia is the only surviving example from that time.
So we have there an example of what is thought to be the earliest drama / play in trilogy form.
The Wikipedia trilogy entry mentions the epic Mahabharata (attributed to Vyāsa). According to Wiki:
The Mahābhārata is the longest epic poem known and has been described as "the longest poem ever written."
with origins in the 8th or 9th century BCE. That might make it the earliest known trilogy of an epic poem. However, I am having difficulty finding a reference to the earliest known trilogy of books/novels.
Any literature students / professors / historians / enthusiasts (or librarians) out there who may know which trio of books / novels is the earliest known example in literature (and the author)?
EDIT: for the purpose of this question let's use the Wiki/Britannica definition of trilogy quoted above.
 - 1
 I have voted to close this question as it is entirely dependent on its theoretical terms rather than the documentary record of the past. Additionally it doesn't pose a historical question in relation to the documentary record of the past; it poses a literary critical question in relation to past texts. As such I have also flagged for migration. It seems a great question which doesn't belong here. – Samuel Russell Nov 16 '18 at 6:16
 - I'm voting to close this question as off-topic because it belongs the n Literature SE. – Spencer Nov 18 '18 at 16:08
 - _USER_ and Spencer - ok, Literature:SE may be better (didn't know there was a Literature:SE). I thought a literary historian may have a ready answer available. I'm not a member of Literature:SE so if this gets migrated there, hopefully someone can keep me informed of its progress. – Kerry L Nov 19 '18 at 15:14
The first and foremost example that comes to my mind is the Divine Comedy by Dante Alighieri, written in the early XIV century.
This poem, a work of paramount importance for both Italian and World literature, is famously composed of three books, or cantiche:
 - Inferno
 - Purgatorio
 - Paradiso
Wikipedia has a category Literary trilogies. The oldest novels in the list seem to date from central Europe: Henryk Sienkiewicz's Trilogy (_PHONE_), Alois Jirásek's Mezi proudy (_PHONE_), and Jerzy Żuławski's Lunar Trilogy (_PHONE_). I have no idea whether this reflects a bias in Wikipedia contributors or is historically accurate. The oldest listed in English is John Galsworthy's Forsyte Saga (1906-21), which was published individually, then together as a trilogy, then later extended with more books. These examples may not correspond to your definition of a trilogy.
 - Thanks Stuart, +1... the category seems a little light though. It's certainly a good list to start with but I don't know how complete it is. Glad you found it! – Kerry L Nov 15 '18 at 18:07
Note that for novel sequences in general, "There is no useful, formal demarcation between novel sequences and multi-part novels."
A famous novel trilogy is Alexandre Dumas' story about D'Artagnan, Porthos, Athos and Aramis:
I won't pretend it is the oldest one, but it may well be the most read trilogy ever.
Robert Folkestone Williams wrote a trilogy of novels about William Shakespeare:
1838: The Youth of Shakespeare,
1839: Shakespeare and his Friends,
1844: Secret Passion.
At around the same time, Edgar Allen Poe wrote three short stories with C. Auguste Dupin, an amateur detective, as the main character:
1841: The Murders in the Rue Morgue,
1842: The Mystery of Marie Rogêt,
1844: The Purloined Letter.
These trilogies are both slightly earlier than Alexandre Dumas' Musketeers trilogy.
I know of three novels by Jules Verne that might or might not fit the definition of a trilogy.
Les Enfants du Capitaine Grant (The Children of Captain Grant) 1868, three volumes. Involves the search for the missing sea captain Grant.
Vingt Mille Lieues sous les mers (20,000 Leagues Under the Sea) 1870. 2 volumes. Captain Nemo and his submarine Nautilus.
L'Ille mysterieuse (The Mysterious Island) 1874. Three volumes. People are stranded on an island on the Pacific Ocean and have adventures. They meet characters from The Children of Captain Grant and 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea though the chronologies of the three novels are inconsistent.
These three novels are called a trilogy by this source: _URL_
It is possible that opinions may vary about whether they should be considered a trilogy.
 - Of Jules Verne's novels, De la Terre à la Lune, Autour de la Lune, and Sans dessus dessous form a tighter trilogy, even though the third story was written twenty years after the second one. English titles are From the Earth to the Moon, Around the Moon, and The Purchase of the North Pole. – b_jonas Nov 24 '18 at 15:43
Your Answer


PHOTO: Canadian Fisherman Catches Extremely Rare, Intimidating-Looking Black Lobster
by Madison Miller
As it turns out, there's about 80% of our oceans unmapped and unexplored. This means that there are more than likely undiscovered creatures and organisms surviving right below where we as a society can reach them.
For one fisherman keeping busy at North Lake in Canada, he happened upon an extremely rare sight to see.
Instead of a traditional cherry red lobster, the fisherman caught a rare jet black lobster. The unique color adds a bit of a frightening feeling to the crustacean. It kind of looks like a giant scorpion in some ways, so pulling it out of the water was likely quite the surprise.
As one person commented on the tweet funnily, "Not my favorite of the Marvel spin offs."
While the black lobster is very rare, there are other variations swimming out in the water as well. For example, a split black and orange lobster went viral in 2019.
Where Did the Black Lobster End Up?
According to CNN, a fisherman caught the calico-colored lobster off the coast of Maine. This crustacean is split perfectly down the middle like it was handpainted. The black-and-orange creature is the result of a rare genetic aberration. This means it most definitely did not just end up at a local Red Lobster.
Instead, the fisherman donated it to the Maine Center for Coastal Fisheries. Here it shared a tank with three other rare lobsters — two orange lobsters with what looks like freckles and a dark blue lobster. Both are also incredibly rare.
The odds of catching one of these lobsters is about one in 50 million. This is the same odds as winning a Megabucks jackpot.
Rare Lemur Stolen
It's no secret that there's plenty of animals out there similar to the all black lobster — rare and exciting.
However, there are also many creatures that require protection. This is the case for the rare ring-tailed lemur that called the San Francisco Zoo home.
According to USA Today, a man from California broke into the zoo last year and proceeded to steal this animal. Luckily, the lemur, named Maki, was found safe in nearby Daly City a few days later.
The man responsible, Cory John McGilloway, has recently been charged with one misdemeanor count of violating the Endangered Species Act, which is a federal offense. Now he could be facing a year in prison as well as $50,000 for his crime.
The ring-tailed lemur is defined as endangered as the population of the animal is decreasing.
The El Paso Zoo in Texas also had an issue with a person breaking the rules. In May 2021, a woman trespassed into the spider monkey exhibit. The zoo found out about the incident from a video on social media that shows her under a waterfall trying to feed the monkeys.
The zoo decided to press charges against the woman. Her actions could have been detrimental for both her and the monkeys. The monkeys saw it as an intrusion into their territory.


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RoHS effect on PCB's
What effect on pcbs and other components has RoHS?
Lead-free soldering effects circuit boards and components through exposure to higher soldering temperatures which renders certain materials unsuitable.
Typical temperature increase is 20C, or 250C to 270C.
PCB construction as number of layers, blind and buried vias, overall thickness, copper thicknesses and number of passes through soldering processes are parameters that must be considered when materials are selected.
Tg (glass transition temperature) is the main parameter for the pcb. Tg is a measure of when the EPOXY in the pcb softens (it has nothing to do with the glass fibre in the pcb).
Tg 130-140 was standard for tin/lead based soldering temperatures while Tg 150 and Tg 170 is now generally required for lead free soldering, else delamination of circuit boards and "popcorning" of components can take place.
It has since been well established that trapped moisture is the cause of the destruction, through high steam pressures building up at temperatures well over boiling inside the pcbs. Some assemblers continue to use lower Tg pcbs successfully as long as these are stored in temperature and moisture controlled environments.
Pre-baking immediately prior to population and soldering of all none ROHS compliant components or improperly stored components can enable safe use of such components including pcb's. Please contact Shipco circuits for more information.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


LATEST VERSION: 8.2.7 - CHANGELOG
Pivotal GemFire® v8.2
Creating Indexes
Creating Indexes
An index can provide significant performance gains for query execution. You create and maintain indexes on the cache server.
A query run without an index iterates through every object in the collection on the cache server. If an index is available that matches part or all of the query specification, the query iterates only over the indexed set, and query processing time can be reduced.
When you create your indexes on the cache server, remember that indexes incur maintenance costs as they must be updated when the indexed data changes. An index that requires many updates and is not used very often may require more system resources than no index at all. Indexes also consume memory. For information on the amount of memory used for indexes, see the system configuration information in the Pivotal GemFire User's Guide.
You can create an index for remote querying declaratively on the cache server in a cache.xml file, as shown in the next example.
Creating an Index on a Cache Server Using a Server XML File
<region name="portfolios">
 <region-attributes . . . >
 <value-constraint>cacheRunner.Portfolio</value-constraint>
 </region-attributes>
 <index name="myFuncIndex">
 <functional from-clause="/portfolios" expression="status"/>
 </index>
 <index name="myPrimIndex">
 <primary-key field="id"/>
 </index>
 <entry> . . .
For detailed information about working with indexes configured on a cache server, see the section Working with Indexes in the GemFire User's Guide.


Distance Belgrade Salamanca. Directions, total distances, average speed, travel time, calculate cost and fuel consumption
Road distance Belgrade Salamanca
The total distance represents the road distance in km or miles between Belgrade and Salamanca. Initially this is displayed in km but you can always change it using the settings (by selecting the distance in miles or the distance in km):
Average speed
The average speed for the route Belgrade - Salamanca is calculated by taking into account the speed limit on each road segment as well as their length.
Travel time
The time required for a car to travel the distance between Belgrade and Salamanca, taking into account the speed allowed for each road segment.
Time of arrival
The time of arrival in Salamanca is calculated considering that you are departing immediately from Belgrade It takes into account the total travel time.
Fuel price
Total consumption
It represents total fuel (in liters or gallons) needed to travel the road distance from Belgrade to Salamanca.
Calculate a new route
Addresses containing a street number: - 10 Street Name, Belgrade
points of interest: - ATM Belgrade or Hotel Name, Salamanca
postal codes: - 012345


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Part A - Short definition:
After a census, Statistics Canada makes public the total number of persons and the total number of dwellings counted in a given area, for example, in a municipality. By the next census, the municipality's geographic boundaries may have changed, especially if it has annexed part of another municipality or has merged with another municipality. When a boundary change occurs between censuses, the population and dwelling counts for the geographic areas affected by the boundary change are revised (adjusted). The adjusted counts show what the counts (the total number of persons and the total number of dwellings) from the previous census would be for the current census boundaries.
Part B - Detailed definition:
'Adjusted counts' refer to previous census population and dwelling counts that were adjusted (i.e., recompiled) to reflect current census boundaries, when a boundary change occurs between the two censuses.
2011, 2006, 2001, 1996, 1991, 1986, 1981, 1976, 1971, 1966, 1961, 1956 (population)
2011, 2006, 2001, 1996 (dwellings)
When a boundary change occurs, the population and dwellings affected are determined by examining the collection documents from the previous census. The dwellings affected by the boundary change are identified from the collection maps. Once the affected dwellings are identified, it is possible to establish the population affected. These counts are then added to the geographic area that has increased in size and subtracted from the geographic area that has decreased in size.
Boundary changes to standard geographic areas between censuses are generally flagged in census outputs. This is done to warn users doing trend or longitudinal analysis that the areas being compared have changed over time. However, by comparing the final population or dwelling counts from the previous census to the adjusted counts, the user can judge the significance of the boundary change.
In the case of new areas (e.g., census subdivision incorporations), adjusted counts are required to permit the calculation of change. For dissolutions or major boundary changes, the use of adjusted counts instead of the previous census final counts often provides a better measure of trends by removing the effect of the boundary change from the calculation.
Refer to the related definition of census subdivision (CSD).
- Date modified:


text: A methodology for chemical shift resolved molecular self-diffusion measurements in time-independent static and radiofrequency field gradients is demonstrated. Diffusion encoding is provided by a stimulated echo sequence with additional z-storage that allows for a change of diffusion time without affecting the relaxation weighting. The signal is acquired stroboscopically between the pulses of a train of adiabatic double passages that induces a z-rotation counteracting the phase spread resulting from precession in the inhomogeneous static field, as demonstrated in recent approaches to the goal of high-resolution "ex situ" NMR. Simulations of the pulse sequence show that the acquired signal results from the desired coherence pathway. Successful demonstrations of the experiment were performed on a mixture of water and isopropanol.


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Work continues on the excavation of a 16th or early 17th century Inuit dwelling site at Indian Harbour. Items recovered include preserved seal hide, fragments of a soapstone bowl, and an iron ulu blade. The excavation will continue until the middle of August.
Two archaeological field crews are currently in the field in southern Labrador. The first crew, under the direction of Dr. Marianne Stopp, is working in the vicinity of Battle Harbour, and will be in the field until near the end of July. The second crew, under the direction of Dr. Lisa Rankin, is working at Indian Harbour on Huntingdon Island, at the entrance to Sandwich Bay. That crew will be in the field until about August 15.
Both crews are investigating early contact period Inuit habitation sites in order to further our understanding of early Inuit occupation in southern Labrador. Of particular interest in these investigations are the dates of the sites, the season or seasons of occupation, the kinds of economic activities that were carried out, the architecture of the dwellings, and the kinds of tools and other objects, of European origin and traditional Inuit, that were used by the inhabitants.


This documentation is archived and is not being maintained.
ParallelEnumerable.Any Method (ParallelQuery)
Determines whether a parallel sequence contains any elements.
Namespace: System.Linq
Assembly: System.Core (in System.Core.dll)
public static bool Any(
 this ParallelQuery source
Type Parameters
The type of elements of source.
Type: System.Linq.ParallelQuery
The sequence to check for emptiness.
Return Value
Type: System.Boolean
true if the source sequence contains any elements; otherwise, false.
Usage Note
The query was canceled with the token passed in through WithCancellation.
source is a null reference (Nothing in Visual Basic).
One or more exceptions occurred during the evaluation of the query.
This overload of the Any method causes a fully-buffered merge to be performed before the result is returned. The merge behavior can impact performance or cause an out of memory exception in large enumerables. To avoid the merge behavior, use the overload of Any that takes a Func parameter, or else use an alternative method such as FirstOrDefault.
.NET Framework
Supported in: 4
.NET Framework Client Profile
Supported in: 4


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PyX — Example: drawing/arrow.py
Adding an arrow when stroking a path
from pyx import * c = canvas.canvas() c.stroke(path.curve(0, 0, 0, 4, 2, 4, 3, 3), [style.linewidth.THICK, style.linestyle.dashed, color.rgb.blue, deco.earrow([deco.stroked([color.rgb.red, style.linejoin.round]), deco.filled([color.rgb.green])], size=1)]) c.writeEPSfile("arrow") c.writePDFfile("arrow")
The example shows how to use an arrow decorator instance to add an arrow to a path when it is stroked. Instead of using a default arrow instance, we create a highly customized arrow head.
Apart from setting arrow specific features like the arrow size, a list of styles and decorators can be passed to the arrow. In this example, the arrow is stroked in red with round corners. In addition, the arrow is filled in green.
Note that style properties are inherited from the outer towards the inner decorators. In this example, the linewidth is also used when stroking the arrow head. We could for example also skip the color.rgb.green value in the
deco.filled decorator and the arrow would be filled in blue.
To continue removing the deco.filled features, it is equivalent to write
deco.filled. This is due to the fact that
deco.filled already is an instance, which can be modified by call. An empty list does not really modify it. But you could even skip
deco.filled completely and the arrow would still be filled with blue color. The reason is that the arrow is implemented in a way that it always merges the
filled decorator. This step in the evaluation of the attributes is transparent to other settings: if we would replace the
color.rgb.green, we would still get a filled green arrow. You could then remove the
deco.stroked inside of the arrow instance and the line would become green as well. Note that the order of the attributes is not important for this style delegation feature.
Since we have learned that the arrow decorators always fill the arrow head by default, the question is now whether and how such a feature can be removed. This is done by clear instances available as a
clear class attribute. Hence in case of
deco.filled, it is available as
deco.filled.clear. When you add this attribute to the earrow call, the arrowhead will not be filled anymore and you will notice that the blue line is not stroked inside the arrowhead.
You might also have noticed, that the dashed linestyle is not used when stroking the arrowhead. This is similar to the default
filled feature of the arrowhead: The arrowhead merges a
style.linestyle.normal to ensure a solid line. Instead of manually setting
style.linestyle.dashed in the arrowhead, you could use
style.linestyle.clear to restore the linestyle setting of the path.
The arrow head is a so-called ornament. Beside attaching stroke and fill styles during the process of converting a path into a decorated path, any number of ornaments can be added to the decorated path. When adding ornaments, parts of the path can also be marked as not-to-be-stroked. While this is taken into account in a final stroke operation, different decorators do not see this information such that decorators always commute.


text:
The World Customs Organization (WCO) hosted its first Global Conference on Transit at its Headquarters in Brussels. This event, which comes right after the annual WCO Council Sessions, sees the launch of a new tool for the facilitation of transit and establishment of efficient transit regimes, namely the Transit Guidelines. At the end of the first day of the conference, all the panelists agreed on the usefulness of the Transit Guidelines for further developing and implementing their respective transit systems. They urged the WCO to continue to update the Guidelines as a platform for future standardisation of transit systems.
Over 200 high-level delegates from more than 80 countries, including heads of Customs administrations, international organizations, development partners, the private sector and academia attended this Conference.
The landlocked countries in Africa are: Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Central African Republic, Chad, Ethiopia, Lesotho, Malawi, Mali, Niger, Rwanda, Swaziland, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe.
Customs administrations are naturally playing a prominent role in the smooth movement of transit goods and, as a result, are in a position to support economic development, particularly in LLDCs.
That is why the WCO began developing the Transit Guidelines with the aim of harmonizing different transit frameworks, unlocking the potential of LLDCs, and taking practical steps towards efficient transit regimes as foreseen by international legal frameworks such as the World Trade Organization (WTO) Trade Facilitation Agreement (TFA), the Vienna Programme of Action, and the Revised Kyoto Convention. The Transit Guidelines contain 150 guiding principles and a variety of practical experiences of implementing efficient transit regimes, as shared by WCO Members and have been issued in four languages: English, French, Spanish and Russian. Source: WCO


text:
The Influence of Socioeconomic Status on Working Memory Performance
MetadataShow full item record
Working memory is the temporary storage mechanism that underlies our ability to hold and process information over a brief period of time. It is a pre-requisite for the long-term storage of information, reading, problem-solving and language comprehension. Research examining the relationship between working memory and socioeconomic status remains inconclusive. The present study brings together educational, cognitive ageing, intelligence and socioeconomic status (SES) research in order to determine whether, in a large, adult sample, working memory performance differs across SES. Data were obtained form an Internet test attempted by ~480,000 people on the Science pages of the British Broadcasting Corporation's (BBC) website. This data included tests of working memory, short-term memory and some demographic information on participants. A subset of participants who provided the necessary demographic information and were aged between 30 and 45 were selected. Participants' postcodes were linked to Geoplan® (2011) SES data, and working memory performance was assessed across SES. Tests of measurement invariance identified a single latent working memory factor that was being measured consistently across SES. It was not possible to constrain means equal. Therefore differences in mean performances across SES could be considered to reflect differences in the latent working memory construct. Factor scores on this latent variable were computed and used as a measure of participants' general working memory performance. A series of ANOVAs demonstrated that working memory performance differed from SES group AB to C1 (p=0._PHONE_), and from AB to D (p=0._PHONE_). When education was introduced as a covariate, there was a significant difference between the working memory performance of participants in SES groups AB and C1 (p=0.004), AB and D (p=0.003), and C1and D (p=0.012). Performances on individual working memory tasks were either significant or almost significant in comparisons between AB, C1 and D. In all analyses, there were no significant differences observed when SES grade E was included in pairwise comparisons. Results indicated that SES influences level of working memory performance, with those in a higher SES grade scoring higher on average than their lower SES counterparts. Implications for further research are discussed with a focus on SES measurement and conception, as well the problems associated with demographic composition of the present sample.


Version 3.1.0
Checksums
WiredTiger optionally checksums file reads and writes to detect storage failures. In read-only applications, or when file compression provides any necessary checksum functionality, or when using backing storage systems where blocks require no validation, performance can be increased by turning off checksum support when calling the WT_SESSION::create method.
Checksums can be configured to be "off" or "on", as well as "uncompressed". The "uncompressed" configuration checksums blocks not otherwise protected by compression. For example, in a system where the compression algorithms provide sufficient protection against corruption, and when writing a block which is too small to be usefully compressed, setting the checksum configuration value to "uncompressed" causes WiredTiger to checksum the blocks which are not compressed:
error_check(session->create(session, "table:mytable",
"key_format=S,value_format=S,checksum=uncompressed"));
The default WiredTiger configuration is uncompressed.


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I want to run a query on an Oracle database and for each column in the result set, I want to know the schema that the column came from. I tried the following:
ResultSetMetaData rsMetadata = rs.getMetaData();
String schemaName = rsMetadata.getSchemaName(1)
However, this returns an empty string. Is there any work around to get the schema name?
Edit in response to OMG Ponies:
The tool we are developing takes data from a database and analyzes the data to find the most informative subset for a given question. We then create a query which returns only the rows that are informative for the given question. For instance if we had a customer database and wanted to know which customers are most likely to discontinue their service, our tool can create a query which returns 5% of the customer records which can then be run through high powered analytics algorithms. The benefit is that we run our analysis on only a subset of the data which of course will save time. It turns out as well that the high powered analytics algorithms work better now because the first step was essentially filtering the noise out of our data.
So in response to OMG Ponies, the user specifies the database connection information and query as inputs to our tool. Because they can specify any query they like, it would be possible for a user to connect to connect to schema foo, and then run the following query:
SELECT* FROM bar.customer;
If for some reason eye color and gender were predictors of people discontinuing their service, the resulting query that our system generates might look like this:
SELECT * FROM bar.customer WHERE bar.customer.eye_color='blue'
 AND bar.customer.gender='M'
It would be nice to know the schema for each column in the results set so we can make sure our query will run correctly. We could assume the schema is the same as the schema used in the database connection and that should be fine 99% of the time. I'm just concerned for that 1% of the time a user might do something unexpected like run a query against another schema.
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Just need to look at the table(s) to get the schema, but that'll give you grief if you are dealing with a view... It begs the question - why don't you have access to the schema? – OMG Ponies Nov 2 '10 at 20:58
Good question! The short answer is that the user can specify any query they like which means they could in theory refer to any schema. I edited the question with the more complete answer. – Jay Askren Nov 3 '10 at 18:47
Can't the query manipulator verify that the schemas and tables are valid? It sounds like you're executing the modified query and passing the results back, so you already know it works. If you're actually passing the modified query back to be executed later, and really want the information, can you extract and pass back a list of the schemas/tables involved as well? I'm still not clear why it would be a problem, unless you're modifying and executing the query while connected as different users. – Alex Poole Nov 9 '10 at 19:31
2 Answers 2
up vote 2 down vote accepted
According to an old Oracle code sample:
OracleResultSetMetaData interface does not implement the getSchemaName() and getTableName() methods because underlying protocol does not make this feasible.
That implies to me that ResultSetMetaData will not have those methods for an Oracle either, at least when using an Oracle driver. (I tried with the OCI driver to see if that made a difference, but apparently not).
There's a WebLogic 8 document that suggests it could be done, but that type 4 driver has been deprecated in later releases. So it's possible you may still be able to find a third-party driver that supports getSchemaName() against Oracle, but it seems unlikely.
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You may be able to get this information with some custom functions and queries. Basically, find the columns used by a query with DBMS_SQL and then match that to the tables referenced in v$sql_plan. There are potentially a large number of issues with this approach though; possible ambiguities between which column came from which table, and different objects in the explain plan, etc.
--#1: Create some test data
create table employee (id number primary key, name varchar2(100), department_id number);
create table department(id number primary key, name varchar2(100), test number);
insert into department select level, 'department test', level from dual connect by level <= 100;
insert into employee select level, 'employee test', level from dual connect by level <= 100;
--Actually run the query for this example so there will be data in the data dictionary.
select employee.* from employee inner join department on department_id =;
--#2: The first difficult part is to find the sql_id of the query. Can you get this directly from the
-- result set? If not not you'll have to find it.
-- I'm not exactly sure how you'll want to do this, here are some options:
--Look at the last loaded query in v$sql (I don't think this always works, especially if the query has run multiple times)
select * from v$sql where v$sql.parsing_schema_name = user order by first_load_time desc;
--Compare the query text (sql_text removes newlines, sql_fulltext is a clob)
select * from v$sql where sql_text like'select employee.* from employee inner join department on department_id =';
--Find the last sql_id for this session. This doesn't work for me, maybe it's just an express edition bug?
select prev_sql_id, v$session.* from v$session where sid = sys_context('USERENV', 'SID');
--Look at the plan. Note that there may be an index instead of a table.
--(On my system the sql_id is 0k2t2y1d312j8, but it will probably be different on yours)
select * from v$sql_plan where sql_id = '0k2t2y1d312j8';
--3: Create a type and a function to return all of the columns from a specific query.
--It'd be more consistent to use the SQL_ID here, but then there are permission issues if we
--have to get the text from v$sql.
create or replace type varchar2_tab is table of varchar2(30);
create or replace function get_columns(sql_text in varchar2) return varchar2_tab
authid current_user pipelined is
 my_cursor number;
 column_count number;
 my_columns DBMS_SQL.DESC_TAB;
 select count(*) into column_count from v$sql;
 my_cursor := dbms_sql.open_cursor;
 dbms_sql.parse(my_cursor, sql_text, dbms_sql.native);
 dbms_sql.describe_columns(my_cursor, column_count, my_columns);
 for i in 1.. my_columns.count loop
 pipe row(my_columns(i).col_name);
 end loop;
--Test queries. Note that it's possible for a column to be listed twice.
select * from table(get_columns('select employee.* from employee inner join department on department_id ='));
--4: Find the columns and their tables and schemas that are used in a query.
--Currently this only works for tables and indexes in the explain plan.
--There's probably a large number of items that won't work - materialized views, clusters(?), pipelined functiions, etc.
--You'll need to add each object type as necessary.
--(Remember to replace the SQL_ID and the query text with the real values)
select distinct owner, table_name, column_name
 --Find all the columns for the relevant tables
 select all_tab_cols.owner, all_tab_cols.table_name, all_tab_cols.column_name
 --Find the relevant tables from the plans (may need to find the table behind an index)
 nvl(all_indexes.table_owner, plan_objects.object_owner) owner,
 nvl(all_indexes.table_name, plan_objects.object_name) table_name
 select object_owner, object_name, object_type
 from v$sql_plan
 where sql_id = '0k2t2y1d312j8'
 object_type = 'TABLE'
 or object_type like 'INDEX%'
 ) plan_objects
 left outer join all_indexes
 on plan_objects.object_name = all_indexes.index_name
 and plan_objects.object_type like 'INDEX%'
 ) relevant_tables
 inner join all_tab_cols
 on relevant_tables.owner = all_tab_cols.owner
 and relevant_tables.table_name = all_tab_cols.table_name
) relevant_tab_cols
--It would be more
inner join table(get_columns('select employee.* from employee inner join department on department_id =')) all_possible_columns
 on relevant_tab_cols.column_name = all_possible_columns.column_value;
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text:
It's starting to look like one of the commonly repeated facts about Hum hearers might be incorrect. My initial statistics were confirmed: the mean and median age for Hum Hearers is 40 years of age, with a standard deviation of 14 years. The data is distributed pretty much normally, which means there are roughly equal numbers of Hearers younger than 40 as there are hearers over 40. Because the standard deviation is 14 years, this means that roughly 2/3 of Hearers are between 26 and 54.
More to follow.


, expressed as the offset between the local time zone and UTC. For example, -0700. Only this format is supported. For example, -07:00 isn't a valid format.
 - multi_line_start_pattern – Specifies the pattern for identifying the start of a log message. A log message is made of a line that matches the pattern and any subsequent lines that don't match the pattern.
 If you omit this field, multi-line mode is disabled, and any line that begins with a non-whitespace character closes the previous log message and starts a new log message.
 If you include this field, you can specify {timestamp_format} to use the same regular expression as your timestamp format. Otherwise, you can specify a different regular expression for CloudWatch Logs to use to determine the start lines of multi-line entries.
 - encoding – Specified the encoding of the log file so that it can be read correctly. If you specify an incorrect coding, there might be data loss because characters that can't be decoded are replaced with other characters.
 The default value is utf-8. The following are all possible values:
 ascii, big5, euc-jp, euc-kr, gbk, gb18030, ibm866, iso2022-jp, iso8859-2, iso8859-3, iso8859-4, iso8859-5, iso8859-6, iso8859-7, iso8859-8, iso8859-8-i, iso8859-10, iso8859-13, iso8859-14, iso8859-15, iso8859-16, koi8-r, koi8-u, macintosh, shift_jis, utf-8, utf-16, windows-874, windows-1250, windows-1251, windows-1252, windows-1253, windows-1254, windows-1255, windows-1256, windows-1257, windows-1258, x-mac-cyrillic
 - The windows_events section specifies the type of Windows events to collect from servers running Windows Server. It includes the following fields:
 - collect_list – Required if windows_events is included. Specifies the types and levels of Windows events to be collected. Each log to be collected has an entry in this section, which can include the following fields:
 - event_name – Specifies the type of Windows events to log. This is equivalent to the Windows event log channel name: for example, System, Security, Application, and so on. This field is required for each type of Windows event to log.
 Note
 When CloudWatch retrieves messages from a Windows log channel, it looks up the log channel based on its Full Name property. Meanwhile, the Windows Event Viewer navigation pane displays the Log Name property of log channels. The Full Name and Log Name do not always match. To confirm the Full Name of a channel, right-click on it in the Windows Event viewer and open Properties.
 - event_levels – Specifies the levels of event to log. You must specify each level to log. Possible values include INFORMATION, WARNING, ERROR, CRITICAL, and VERBOSE. This field is required for each type of Windows event to log.
 - log_group_name – Required. Specifies what to use as the log group name in CloudWatch Logs.
 - log_stream_name – Optional. Specifies what to use as the log stream name in CloudWatch Logs. As part of the name, you can use {instance_id}, {hostname}, {local_hostname}, and {ip_address} as variables within the name. {hostname} retrieves the hostname from the EC2 metadata, and {local_hostname} uses the hostname from the network configuration file.
 If you omit this field, the value of the log_stream_name parameter in the global logs section is used. If that is also omitted, the default value of {instance_id} is used.
 If a log stream doesn't already exist, it's created automatically.
 - event_format – Optional. Specifies the format to use when storing Windows events in CloudWatch Logs. xml uses the XML format as in Windows Event Viewer. text uses the legacy CloudWatch Logs agent format.
 - log_stream_name – Required. Specifies the default log stream name to be used for any logs or Windows events that don't have individual log stream names defined in the log_stream_name parameter within their entry in collect_list.
 - endpoint_override – Specifies a FIPS endpoint or private link to use as the endpoint where the agent sends logs. Specifying this field and setting a private link enables you to send the logs to an Amazon VPC endpoint. For more information, see What Is Amazon VPC?.
 The value of endpoint_override must be a string that is a URL.
 For example, the following part of the logs section of the configuration file sets the agent to use a VPC Endpoint when sending logs.
 { "logs": { "endpoint_override": "vpce-XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX.logs.us-east-1.vpce.amazonaws.com", ...... }, }
 - force_flush_interval – Specifies in seconds the maximum amount of time that logs remain in the memory buffer before being sent to the server. No matter the setting for this field, if the size of the logs in the buffer reaches 1 MB, the logs are immediately sent to the server. The default value is 5.
 - credentials – Specifies an IAM role to use when sending logs to a different AWS account. If specified, this field contains one parameter, role_arn.
 - role_arn – Specifies the ARN of an IAM role to use for authentication when sending logs to a different AWS account. For more information, see Sending metrics and logs to a different account. If specified here, this overrides the role_arn specified in the agent section of the configuration file, if any.
 - metrics_collected – Specifies that the agent is to collect metrics embedded in logs. Currently, the metrics_collected field can contain only the emf field.
The following is an example of a logs section.
"logs": { "logs_collected": { "files": { "collect_list": [ { "file_path": "c:\\ProgramData\\Amazon\\AmazonCloudWatchAgent\\Logs\\amazon-cloudwatch-agent.log", "log_group_name": "amazon-cloudwatch-agent.log", "log_stream_name": "my_log_stream_name_1", "timestamp_format": "%H: %M: %S%y%b%-d" }, { "file_path": "c:\\ProgramData\\Amazon\\AmazonCloudWatchAgent\\Logs\\test.log", "log_group_name": "test.log", "log_stream_name": "my_log_stream_name_2" } ] }, "windows_events": { "collect_list": [ { "event_name": "System", "event_levels": [ "INFORMATION", "ERROR" ], "log_group_name": "System", "log_stream_name": "System" }, { "event_name": "CustomizedName", "event_levels": [ "INFORMATION", "ERROR" ], "log_group_name": "CustomizedLogGroup", "log_stream_name": "CustomizedLogStream" } ] } }, "log_stream_name": "my_log_stream_name" }
How the CloudWatch agent handles sparse log files
Sparse files are files with both empty blocks and real contents. A sparse file uses disk space more efficiently by writing brief information representing the empty blocks to disk instead of the actual null bytes which makes up the block. This makes the actual size of a sparse file usually much smaller than its apparent size.
However, the CloudWatch agent doesn't treat sparse files differently than it treats normal files. When the agent reads a sparse file, the empty blocks are treated as "real" blocks filled with null bytes. Because of this, the CloudWatch agent publishes as many bytes as the apparent size of a sparse file to CloudWatch.
Configuring the CloudWatch agent to publish a sparse file can cause higher than expected CloudWatch costs, so we recommend not to do so. For example, /var/logs/lastlog in Linux is usually a very sparse file, and we recommend that you don't publish it to CloudWatch.
CloudWatch agent configuration file: Complete examples
The following is an example of a complete CloudWatch agent configuration file for a Linux server.
The items listed in the measurement sections for the metrics you want to collect can either specify the complete metric name such or just the part of the metric name that will be appended to the type of resource. For example, specifying either reads or diskio_reads in the measurement section of the diskio section will cause the diskio_reads metric to be collected.
This example includes both


text:
History of the Libby Water Distribution System
Libby's water distribution system contains approximately 38 miles of distribution piping. The pipe sizes range between 2-inch and 10-inch, and generally consist of steel in the older areas of town and PVC in the newer areas. The distribution system was constructed beginning in 1911. Many of the mains have provided service well beyond their functional service life and are now beginning to fail.
Libby's unaccounted for water loss is unusually high for a municipal water system. The average unaccounted water from 2006 to 2010 was approximately 28 million gallons per month (620 gallons per minute). This represents 74 percent of the total treated water entering the system.
Sources of water loss in the system include:
- Main and Service Leaks
- Unmetered Irrigation
- Broken Meters
- Inaccurate Meters
In an effort to reduce the amount of leakage in the system, the City of Libby commissioned a leak detection study in 2011. This report identified numerous leaks in the distribution system and estimated the volume of water lost through these leaks. The estimated volume of water loss due to leaks is approximately 14 million gallons per month (310 gallons per minute).
The entire water distribution system currently operates within a single pressure zone. As a result, the City cannot control the pressures in localized areas (i.e. they have to increase or decrease the pressure of the entire system). This results in low pressures in the south and west areas of the system, and the potential for excessive pressures in the north and east areas, closer to the Kootenai River. The proposed water system improvement project addresses the water losses and the pressure variations in the system.
Main Replacement and Pressure Reducing Stations Project – The City of Libby will replace approximately 1,600 feet of water mains that are contributing to the highest amount of water loss. The City will provide information regarding the location and extent of these projects as the final design progresses. The City of Libby will also install a series of pressure reducing valve stations (PRV stations) to increase low pressures and to moderate high pressures. The PRV stations project includes the installation of five new PRV stations and approximately 2,900 feet of new water main. These improvements are projected to eliminate approximately 8.6 million gallons of water lost to leaks each month. The total estimated project cost is $1,776,000. The estimated construction start date for this project is April 2013.
Water Meter Replacement Project – The City of Libby has implemented a meter installation and replacement program to account for water through non-registering meters and non-metered connections. This is an ongoing project that will continue beyond the current water system improvement projects.
The City of Libby has submitted a funding application to the United States Department of Agriculture – Rural Development. The City may be eligible for up to 45% grant funding for this project with the remaining 55% funding through a low interest loan. This funding is anticipated to be available in late 2012.
Project Area Map


(5 Minutes)
FMV vs OLV vs FLV when selling Mass Spec, Chromatography or Lab Gas Generators
Featured Image
While the automotive industry can quickly point to Parkers Guide for current and depreciated values, unfortunately, putting a firm value figure on used Mass Spec, Chromatography, or Lab Gas Generator equipment has no similar benchmark for reference.
Moore's Law (the observation that the number of transistors in a dense, integrated circuit doubles approximately every two years), combined with rapidly developing software, and seemingly endless development of models and manufacturers are just a few of the factors keeping the Parkers Guide level of ease out of reach.
Of course, anyone thinking of selling asks, "What is my analytical system worth?" and would love to have an immediate answer with as many zeros on end as possible. However, the points raised above, combined with the circumstances of your decision to sell, means that, unfortunately, the complete response to this question requires even more questions to be asked.
Below we break down the key questions to help you understand what to expect as you bring your used Mass Spec, Chromatography or Lab Gas Generator equipment to market.
Fair Market Value vs Orderly Liquidation Value vs Forced Liquidation Value
If this is your first trip to the land of equipment valuation, there are a couple of terms you'll need to know:
 - Fair Market Value (FMV)
 - Orderly Liquidation Value (OLV)
 - Forced Liquidation Value (FLV)
Here are quick definitions of these three terms for you:
Fair Market Value
FMV is an estimated market value of an instrument, based on what an end-user buyer (knowledgeable, willing, and unpressured) would likely pay for it to a seller (knowledgeable, willing, and unpressured) in the market. In FMV sales, negotiating the logistical costs is either part of the final price or a discount off the top of the final price. In short, a deal with no time or location restraints. Advertising of the system(s) and collection of money would be down to the seller. In addition, the buyer and seller would negotiate Decommissioning, Crating, Transportation, Warranty costs etc. Generally, these are the responsibility of the buyer.
Orderly Liquidation Value:
This is the value of your equipment if it sold today; as-is, where-is to someone likely to sell it on. It may not be the highest value you could achieve. However, it gets sale done and over quickly and generally puts the onus for decommissioning and transportation squarely on the purchaser. This type of sale is a transaction with a single seller given a reasonable amount of time to find one or more purchasers of a liquidation sale and should be somewhere between an FLV and FMV.
Forced Liquidation Value
This is the amount of money that a company will receive if it sold its assets in an auction immediately. It is based on the assumption that the business will sell its assets in the quickest time possible, which will usually lead to a low price. These types of sales often go to auction sites as they purchase an entire laboratory.
As mentioned - there's no official guide for analytical equipment, but KRSS is about as close as you can get. With 100's years of combined employees experience and offices in both the UK and Mainland Europe, our knowledge is broad and global, and our understanding of FMV vs OLV vs FLV runs deep.
Key Valuation Questions
The following are some questions you'll likely get when seeking equipment valuation. Your answers will help determine whether you'll be best served by an FMV, OLV, FLV or something in between, such as KRSS selling on your behalf.
What's the age/condition of the system?
These basic details are essential for anyone hoping to give an accurate and fair valuation; date of manufacture, age of critical components (if they've ever been replaced), level of volume/usage, etc. Additionally, many systems can be upgraded over time. Knowing if the equipment or its software has received upgrades/revisions could significantly affect market value. Is the system under warranty? Is it still in use?
What's your time frame?
If the circumstances of your sale demand a quick turnaround, you may be better served by offering it at, or around, OLV. It's not top value, but when time is of the essence, a concession on price can speed things along.
How much time do you have? Selling to an independent such as KRSS will undoubtedly result in a quicker sale than trying to find someone yourself to purchase it. However, if time is no object, then FMV is the way to go.
Do you intend to replace what you're selling?
While replacement is a typical endgame for equipment sales, various other circumstances bring used systems to the market. One thing we are reasonably sure of is that the OEM will offer you less on trade-in than an independent company such as KRSS would offer. The manufacturer will often provide you with a trade-in value against the new system if you purchase replacement instruments. Still, the reality is they will scrap the trade-in, and you would get the same discount anyway.
Will your valuation results be presented to a bank? Or are they solely for liquidation purposes?
Some customers only need an e-mail valuation for a given exercise. In contrast, others require a more formal document with pictures, equipment specifications, etc., to present to a bank or board meeting. KRSS is willing to support your FMV / OLV /FLV needs.
The Sound Bite
KRSS can provide Fair Market Values (FMVs), Orderly Liquidation Values (OLVs), Forced Liquidation Values (FLVs) depending on your needs.
Some of our clients seek assistance with values to sell their equipment to another site. Others reach out for valuations for insurance or asset values. Other clients need a complete valuation analysis to decide how to sell their instruments.
While these are a few examples of standard requests, KRSS stands ready to customize an equipment valuation to meet your specific needs.
If you have an instrument that you are looking to sell, please speak to KRSS using the link below, and we will assist you however we can. We offer several routes to sell your instrument: Cash Purchase (OLV), Sell on your behalf (somewhere between FMV and OLV), trade-in against a newer or other technology or trade-in against consumables with our sister company Chromatography Direct (FMV).


Texture aliasing
Aliasing can occur any time you resample a texture, for instance to scale it, rotate it, or map it onto a 3D model. Thanks to our friend the Nyquist threshold, the resulting problems get worse the lower a frequency you sample at, ie. the smaller you shrink it.
Check out this awesome 32×32 test image:
Untitled
Zoomed 4x so you can see in detail:
image
This test code draws six copies, first with no transform, then rotated, followed by straight and rotated versions at half and quarter size:
 spriteBatch.Begin(0, null, SamplerState.PointClamp, null, null);
 spriteBatch.Draw(testTexture, new Vector2(20, 24), null, Color.White, 0, new Vector2(16, 16), 1, 0, 0);
 spriteBatch.Draw(testTexture, new Vector2(60, 24), null, Color.White, 1, new Vector2(16, 16), 1, 0, 0);
 spriteBatch.Draw(testTexture, new Vector2(95, 24), null, Color.White, 0, new Vector2(16, 16), 0.5f, 0, 0);
 spriteBatch.Draw(testTexture, new Vector2(120, 24), null, Color.White, 1, new Vector2(16, 16), 0.5f, 0, 0);
 spriteBatch.Draw(testTexture, new Vector2(140, 24), null, Color.White, 0, new Vector2(16, 16), 0.25f, 0, 0);
 spriteBatch.Draw(testTexture, new Vector2(155, 24), null, Color.White, 1, new Vector2(16, 16), 0.25f, 0, 0);
 spriteBatch.End();
Note the use of SamplerState.PointClamp, which turns off the antialiasing SpriteBatch would normally apply by default.
Resulting image:
image
Zoomed 4x:
image
This has almost too many aliasing problems to mention! Some that I find particularly bothersome are:
 - The black diagonal lines have pieces missing in the full size rotated image
 - The half size non rotated image has lots of problems:
 - The green vertical line, and also the red and blue horizontal lines, are entirely missing
 - It ended up with just two rather than three sets of black diagonal lines
 - The black border remains on the bottom and right, but is missing on the top and left
 - The two quarter size images are entirely different:
 - Non rotated version has only a blue line, no red or green at all
 - Rotated version has scattered red and green pixels, but no blue
 - Imagine how horrible it would look if we animated this sprite spinning, as it would flicker back and forth between different colors!
Remember how multisampling smooths triangle edges but does not affect their interior? We can confirm this by turning on 4x multisampling, and noting how the only difference is smoother borders on the rotated images:
image
With 4x supersampling, on the other hand, texture aliasing is indeed reduced:
image
But this is still far from perfect. The full size rotated and half size non rotated images look pretty nice, but the half size rotated and both quarter size versions have flaws. We'd still get nasty color pulsation if we animated a rotation of that quarter size version. This is because 4x supersampling only gives a 2x improvement in sampling frequency along each of the horizontal and vertical axes. That can reduce aliasing, but is not enough to keep us above the Nyquist threshold if we transform the texture by a factor of more than 2x.
Whatever is a poor graphics programmer to do?
To start with, we shouldn't have made life difficult for ourselves by specifying point sampling! If we turn off supersampling and multisampling, then change our SpriteBatch.Begin call to use the default SamplerState.LinearClamp, bilinear filtering produces a much nicer image than the point sampled version we started out with:
image
Unlike multisampling and supersampling, texture filtering does not smooth the border of the rotated images, but it does a nice job to reduce aliasing inside our full size rotated and half size non rotated images. Bilinear filtering lets us down in the same places as supersampling. Because the GPU only takes four filter taps per texture fetch (two horizontal and two vertical), we get 2x more headroom before we will run into aliasing problems, but a 2x improvement cannot entirely eliminate the Nyquist threshold, so our quarter size images remain nasty.
The solution is to combine bilinear filtering with precalculated mipmaps (plus anisotropic filtering if you can afford it). No matter how small the texture is scaled, the GPU can now simply select the appropriate mip level to sample from, always remaining just below the Nyquist threshold regardless of what transforms are applied.
With mipmaps enabled, even our smallest images now keep the same color intensity and hue, with no stray pixels or random changes of shape, so we can animate our sprite rotating or scaling with no aliasing problems at all:
image
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How to best set up your Google Groups
What is the best way to set up your Google Groups for ease of use in Happeo (and general usage)
What do I use Google Groups for?
Typically there are two main reasons for setting up Google Groups. The first one is communication. It provides an easy method to reach large groups of users without having to select or add them all manually. The second method is to use the groups for sharing. The groups can be used for giving access to documents and other Google resources, this is specifically handy when giving out access to Shared Drives (formerly called Team Drives) in Google. For example, if a document or a shared drive is shared on a group level, all members in that group will have access to the content along with future members. For Happeo, we also use these same groups to set up access within the Happeo platform. This makes it easy to give access to a Channel or Page to the right group of users.
Read more about the difference between Groups and Organizational Units here.
Most organizations already have some user groups set up. The most common group we see in organizations is the group "all". This group contains all (active) employees with an account in the organization. This means that with one single Group you will be able to reach everyone. But what is a good structure to follow when trying to move down from there?
Setting up a good Google Group structure
Here are the guidelines that we recommend when setting up your Google Groups:
Besides the top-level group that contains all (active) employees, we recommend moving towards a structure that contains all (geographic) locations. This could be narrowed down to multiple levels. Continent - Country - Region - City - Location.
On the other hand, you might also want to add groups that are focused on functional elements, the easiest differentiator here is Department.
As a final step, we recommend setting up the geographic departmental groups (Geography + Department), this leads to a structure that makes it easy to reach very specific audiences. To still ensure that this can be managed properly, we recommend making use of the "nested groups" principle.
Screen Shot 2020-04-28 at 10.27.26
On the top we can see the distinction between geographic locations, and on the left, we see the departments. At each beginning of the table, you can see that there is an overlapping Group that combines them all. Setting it up this way means that every user in your organization will be part of at least one group, but likely is part of multiple groups.
The top-level in the hierarchy is the "ALL" group, below this group there are location groups, for example, "UK All", below that there are specific department groups for each market, for example, UK Marketing).
Screen Shot 2020-04-28 at 10.28.44
All employees should be a member of ONE of the local department groups. The department group is then a member of the group above (nested group).
If an employee has multiple roles (like marketing and sales), or responsibilities in more than one market, they can in those cases, be a part of multiple department groups.
Screen Shot 2020-04-28 at 10.29.55
The department groups are also organized into department "ALL"-groups. This means that if you, for example, want to reach everyone in IT in all markets you can use the group "IT All", which will reach all IT departments at the organization.
Screen Shot 2020-04-28 at 10.30.55


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Implementation of new dosing system
We have developed together with various partners a method for identifying and examining important process parameters. Ninix Technologies implemented this method for its dosing system and moulding processes. This reduces the risk of air bubbles in the moulding mass, which could otherwise lead to reduced sensor performances. Tests with a new (volumetric) pump system generated positive results with a 75% reduction of the required time for maintenance works. The new pump system clearly contributes to the objective to double the production capacity and optimise the moulding processes. It helps to prevent flaws such as adhesion problems with the electronics or sensor housing or problems with air bubbles in the epoxy. These flaws could cause damage to the sensor if applied in harsh environmental conditions.


stress
How does stress and anger lead to weight gain?
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stress and anger
Stress and anger is a potent mix. Anger leads to weight gain, and stress prevents weight loss. Many people struggling with weight loss actually don't eat much but are unable to slim down. The role of anger – it is responsible for weak muscles and potbelly fat, which are typical indicators of stress related to obesity. […]


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Table Of Contents
Configuring MAC Limiting on the Cisco ASR 903 Router
This document describes how to configure MAC limiting on the Cisco ASR 903 Router.
Restrictions and Usage Guidelines
MAC limiting is supported on the following interface types:
-You can apply MAC limiting only to bridge-domains.
-MAC limiting is supported for dynamic MAC addresses.
Configuring MAC Limiting
Mac address limiting per bridge-domain restricts the number of MAC addresses that the router learns in bridge-domain on an EFP, pseudowire or switchport.
When the total number of addresses in a bridge-domain exceeds the maximum number, the router takes a violation action. You can enable the following actions:
-Warning—The router sends a syslog message and takes no further action. The router continues learning new MAC addresses and forwarding traffic.
-Limit—The router sends a syslog message and generates a trap; MAC learning is disabled on the bridge-domain until the recovery mechanism activates. Flooding of frames with new MAC addresses continues; to disable flooding, use the flood keyword. Flooding continues once the total number of MAC entries drops below the threshold value. This option applies only when you configure the limit keyword.
Note The threshold value must be 80% of the maximum value configured for the recovery mechanism.
-Shutdown—If the number of addresses exceeds the maximum (MAX) value, the router sends a syslog message and moves the bridge-domain (bdomain) to a disabled state. To restore the bridge-domain, disable and re-enable the mac-limiting feature.
Follow these steps to configure MAC limiting on the Cisco ASR 903 Router:
This example shows how to enable per-bridge-domain MAC limiting. The first instance of the mac-address-table limit command enables MAC limiting. The second instance of the command sets the limit and any optional actions to be imposed at the bridge-domain level.Router# enableRouter# configure terminalRouter(config)# mac-address-table limitRouter(config)# mac-address-table limit bridge-domain 10 maximum 100 action limit floodRouter(config)# endRouter#show mac-address-table limit bdomain 10bdomain action flood maximum Total entries Current state-------------+----------+------------+------------+---------------+---------------10 limit Disable 100 0 Within Limit


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Prominence Ion Chromatograph
Anion Suppressor Ion Chromatograph
In ion chromatography, suppressors are widely used in order to reduce background and noise levels during detection. Suppression of the background yields analyte peak response with greatly enhanced signal to noise –hence higher sensitivity by as much as three orders of magnitude. The newly developed ICDS-40A electrodialytic suppressor for anion analysis features (1) a dialytic membrane suppressor with folded-flow path architecture that minimizes internal volume and peak dispersion (2) continuous, online regeneration and (3) a simple system configuration. Cumbersome and hazardous off-line regeneration is avoided.
The Prominence Ion Chromatograph equipped with the ICDS-40A suppressor features a slim oven and reduces the benchtop footprint by 40 % for the effective use of laboratory space. This Technical Report bulletin describes the operating principles and features of the ICDS-40A suppressor and the Prominence Ion Chromatograph.
Many countries and municipalities specify standard values for inorganic anions such as fluoride, chloride, nitrate, nitrite, and sulfate ions in order to minimize the potential health effects of environmental water and drinking water. Suppressed IC is generally used in the quantitation of these inorganic anions. In the United States, Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Methods 300.0 and 300.1 specify the analysis of inorganic anions in water by ion chromatography (IC). In this article, an EPA 300-compliant quantitative analysis of 7 general inorganic anions in various types of water samples was conducted using the new Prominence Ion Chromatograph.
Ion chromatography is used widely in the analysis of environmental, industrial, pharmaceuticals, and foods samples. For tap water analysis, the ion chromatograph is used with multiple drinking water quality standards, specified in "Method Determined by the Minister of Health, Labour and Welfare on the Basis of the Ordinance Provisions Relating to Water Quality Standards" (Notification No. 261 issued by the MHLW in 2003, sequential revision). This article introduces an example of anion analysis of tap water based on the above-mentioned Ministerial Notification using a Shimadzu ICDS-40A suppressor unit.
Suppressed conductivity ion chromatography (IC) is commonly used to determine the concentration of inorganic ions, particularly for environmental waters and drinking waters. U.S. National Primary Drinking Water and National Secondary Drinking Water regulations specify the maximum contaminant level (MCL) for a number of common inorganic anions, including fluoride, chloride, nitrate, nitrite and sulfate, to minimize potential health effects from environmental waters and drinking waters. U.S. EPA Methods 300.0 and 300.1 provide details for the determination of inorganic anions in waters by ion chromatography.
Ion chromatography (IC) continues to be the most commonly used chromatographic technique to determine the concentration of inorganic ions in waters. A considerable number of regulatory IC methods exist around the world. EPA Methods 300.0 and 300.1 [1, 2] are two of them. They are validated for the determination of inorganic anions in reagent water, surface water, ground water and finished drinking water. This application note provides two high-resolution IC methods to quantify 10 anions listed in EPA Method 300.1 simultaneously using a Shimadzu modular IC system coupled with a new Shimadzu electrolytically regenerated suppressor, a continuation of work from a previous application note: HPLC-021, The Determination of EPA 300 Anions using Shimadzu Ion Chromatography. The previous application note uses a method optimized for the analysis of the seven common anions (EPA 300 Part A). Provided herein are methods suitable to extend the analysis to include the DBPs.
For environmental water analysis
The example below shows an analysis of river water according to the standard method EPA300.0 (Part A) prescribed by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for environmental water anion analysis.


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08 January 2019 | News
In the analyses, it was found that more samples of lipid compounds were present in blood samples from men who consumed more eggs.
image creditthespruceeats.com
According to a new study by the University of Eastern Finland, the average daily intake of one egg increases the number of circulating metabolites that are associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes. The study was published in Molecular Nutrition and Food Research.
Egg is one of the most controversial foods. Its eating has traditionally been called for to limit the amount of cholesterol, but the egg also has an abundance of bioactive compounds with beneficial effects on the body's functions. Thus, it is difficult to deduce the health effects of an egg solely on the basis of its cholesterol content.
The research team has previously reported that an average of one egg per day was combined with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes in middle-aged eastern Finnish men in coronary heart disease risk material. - The purpose of the latest study was to search for metabolites that could explain the connection found through metabolic analysis. Metabolomics analysis provides comprehensive information on, for example, blood sample compounds, says younger researcher Stefania Noerman.
In the analyses, it was found that more samples of lipid compounds were present in blood samples from men who consumed more eggs. The same compounds were also found in men who did not develop type 2 diabetes. In addition, the study team found that several blood-measured compounds, such as the amino acid tyrosine already detected in previous studies, predicted an increased risk of type 2 diabetes.
The study provides indications of mechanisms that can at least partially explain the relationship between egg eating and the lower risk of type 2 diabetes in this study. However, before we can make more definite conclusions about the effects of egg eating on the body, more cellular studies and experimental human studies using advanced research methods, such as metabolomics, are needed, says Noerman.


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Great Britain Historical Geographical Information System (GBHGIS)
2. hearth tax, 1664: surrey
The Hearth Tax returns of the 1660s and 1670s are another important historical source. It was levied twice a year at Lady Day and Michaelmas and was based on taxing each hearth at a rate of 2 shillings a year payable in two instalments. In collaboration with Prof. Margaret Spufford and Dr. Susan Rose of the Hearth Tax Centre at the Roehampton Institute, London we have been attempting to systematically map the Hearth Tax at parish level.
This work is still at an early stage but below we have an example of the location of one hearth households in Surrey on Lady Day, 1664. In this case all the data have been assigned to parishes, largely as a result of work done at the Roehampton Institute. On the map Southwark is unshaded as it was treated differently from the rest of the county, the other unshaded areas have no data as a result of damage to the original manuscript.
Having only one hearth was seen as a sign of relative poverty, this map therefore suggests that the area near London was relatively affluent while the areas further away, particularly in the south west of the county were relatively impoverished.


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The students of the University of Wrocław pursue their passions in 170 student organisations, artistic or sports teams and scientific clubs. Each year the Student Research Groups and Organisations' Fair gets underway at the University of Wrocław. It's a perfect opportunity to watch fascinating experiments and presentations, talk to young scientists and scholars, get to know their everyday work – and see which degree programme would be worth pursuing. Many of our student research groups are open for new members. If you'd like to creatively spend your free time, pick one of them – and start acting. By joining a society, you can meet people with similar interests, outlooks, cultures or backgrounds.
Societies can be related to:
- a course or subject area, such as a Law Society or Spanish Society
- an interest, such as a Film Society or Rock Music Society
- a religion or culture, such as a Christian Union or Islamic Society
- an identity, such as an LGBTQ+ Society
- something else – you can start one of your own!


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It seems counter-intuitive but weight-for-weight, a strand of human hair is comparable in strength to steel. It's also elastic, being stretchable one and a half times its original length before breaking. These properties have attracted interest in a new class of materials that mimic hair. Now, a group from the University of California San Diego have finally found out what makes hair so strong and suggest a body armor made from synthetic hair as a first application.
"Nature creates a variety of interesting materials and architectures in very ingenious ways. We're interested in understanding the correlation between the structure and the properties of biological materials to develop synthetic materials and designs — based on nature — that have better performance than existing ones," said Marc Meyers, a professor of mechanical engineering at the UC San Diego Jacobs School of Engineering and the lead author of the study.
Meyers and colleagues put single strands of human hairs to deformation and compression tests. Examining the hairs as they deformed or stretched at the nanoscale level revealed they behave differently depending on how fast or slow they're stretched. The fast hair stretches, the stronger it is, which is analogous to how honey behaves, Meyers said.
"Think of a highly viscous substance like honey," he explained. "If you deform it fast it becomes stiff, but if you deform it slowly it readily pours."
Hair is essentially made of two main parts: the cortex, made of parallel fibrils, and the matrix, comprised of an amorphous (non-ordered, random) structure. It's the matrix that's sensitive to the speed of deformation while the cortex is not. It's these two properties combined that lend hair the ability to withstand high stress.
[ALSO SEE] How fair hair grows
That's not all. The cortex fibrils are each made of thousands of spiral-shaped chains of molecules called alpha helix chains. When hair is deformed, these chains uncoil and turn into sheet structures. According to the UC San Diego researchers, this structural change allows hair to handle a large amount of deformation without breaking, as reported in the journal Materials Science and Engineering.
Another interesting fact about hair deformation is that it's partly reversible. If you stretch a strand of hair under a small amount of strain, it will recover to its initial shape. Stretch it further, though, and the deformation becomes irreversible.
Next, the team plans to study why water has such a strong influence on human hair properties. For instance, washing hair causes it to revert to its initial shape.
"Since I was a child I always wondered why hair is so strong. Now I know why," said Wen Yang, a former postdoctoral researcher in Meyers' research group and co-author on the paper.
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Migration's Income and Poverty Impact has been Underestimated
World Bank; Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA); University of Chile
IZA Discussion Paper No. 2088
This paper examines two issues associated with the impact of migration on household income and poverty. First, existing studies have typically overlooked a feature of migration that should be taken into account in estimating its impact, namely the fact that migration changes the size of the household. The corrected impact that does take the change in household size into account is presented analytically and is estimated on the basis of data from Ghana's GLSS household survey. The corrected impact is shown to be three to five times larger for income and two to three times larger for poverty than is obtained from standard analysis. Second, existing studies examine migration's impact on the poverty of the entire sample. However, some policy questions require measures of the impact on the poverty of the migrant households themselves. The latter is shown to be twenty times larger for international migration and two to three times larger for internal migration, compared to the impact for the entire sample. It is further shown that these results hold whether the poverty measures are corrected for the change in household size.
Number of Pages in PDF File: 15
Keywords: migration, income, poverty, underestimation, reference groups
JEL Classification: F22, I32, J61, O15, O19, R23working papers series
Date posted: April 25, 2006
© 2013 Social Science Electronic Publishing, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
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Studies of the Effects of Chemical Treatment on Bending and Torsional Rigidity of Bast Fibres
Keywords:flax, hemp, bast fibres, bending rigidity, torsional rigidity, double pendulum, chemical treatment.
In the presented work the influence of chemical treatment on bending and torsional rigidity of flax and hemp fibres was studied. The morphological properties, bending and torsional rigidity of bast fibres before and after chemical treatment were investigated. Method of double pendulum for determination of fibre bending rigidity and method of torsional pendulum for determination of fibre torsional rigidity were adapted to the investigation of bast fibre rigidities. During the investigations the mean periods of pendulum vibration in bending (Tg) and in torsion (Tt) were measured. On the basis of these periods the mean bending and torsional rigidities were calculated as well as coefficients of variation of the periods. It was shown that the adapted methods are useful for bast fibre rigidities investigations and that the applied chemical treatment lead to decreasing of bending and torsional rigidities of the studied fibres.
The copyrights for articles in this journal are retained by the author(s), with first publication rights granted to the journal. By virtue of their appearance in this open-access journal, articles are free to use with proper attribution in educational and other non-commercial settings.


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This study was performed to determine the host range of Spongospora subterranea f. sp. subterranea on common crops and weeds in the northeastern United States. Seedlings of the plants were grown in nutrient solutions and inoculated with spore balls of S. subterranea. The roots were microscopically examined for the presence of plasmodia or zoosporangia 14 days after inoculation. The plants were then transferred to a greenhouse and grown in a soilless mix. The roots were examined for the presence of symptoms and spore balls after 4 months. Of 26 species within 10 families from monocotyledons and dicotyledons tested, 16 species were found to be susceptible to S. subterranea. Twelve species were newly recorded hosts for S. subterranea. Gall symptoms were observed on the roots of six species and spore balls were found on three species. Evidence is presented for the first time that galls and spore balls of S. subterranea might form on non-Solanaceous species. This investigation is important for the cultural management of potato powdery scab disease because there currently are no effective controls.
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
- Agronomy and Crop Science


Finding that equilibrium in family and society
Finding that equilibrium in family and society
water finding equilibrium
Water flow disrupted
finding its alternatives
equalizing equilibrium
to level the playing ground
typography luck technology blur
when 'Yang' forces are too strong
the 'Yin' comes to rescue
in family, work-life, or societies
aligning that 'Yin-Yang' harmony!
no matter how hopelessly life seem
in love, family, or work, remember
the universe is listeningan equipoise
like the sun sets, the sun will still rise tomorrow.
group of people sitting indoors
one man's loss is another man's gain
respecting work-force; one's employees
that's how profound human beings are
in finding that balance; that equilibrium.
judgement scale and gavel in judge office
in mandating more equity with inequity
assigning financial, economy, and market shares
altering political systems affecting families and society
the effectiveness outcome, too, depicts a need for stability; an equilibrium.
 2. Equilibrium is the profoundest tendency of all human activity. – Jean Piage
Published by Chen S. P. @ TPTan
19 thoughts on "Finding that equilibrium in family and society
 1. No, it looks the same. I tried refreshing and entering the post other ways and on different devices but it ends up the same. Looks great on your site though 👍
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