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Our friendly and professional team offer the following services:
Zinc is a very useful material and is present in earth various processes. The metal is very versatile and is used in a number of applications, most notably in the galvanization process to keep metals from rusting. Zinc is used heavily in building structures like metal roofs, plumbing, structural support, and other such components. Most people don't realize that this material can be recycled because few companies provide services for zinc recycling in Toronto.
Why is Zinc Recycling Different?
Zinc recycling is different because most zinc material is used in conjunction with other metals. For example, the metal needs to be separated from steel in order to be recycled, which adds an extra step to the recycling process. Fortunately, technology has advanced enough to improve the process and now 90% of the collected products that contain zinc can be recycled through the zinc reclamation process.
The Separation Process
This means both zinc and steel can be extracted from the waste material easily and effectively. Galvanized steel products are the most common source of recycled zinc and are often recycled through the Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) heating process. Here's a brief description of it:
- The scrap metal is placed inside the furnace and heated until the zinc becomes volatile.
- At this stage, zinc separates from steel in a gaseous form and is collected from the furnace.
- This gas is treated to turn it back to a solid state and it forms zinc dust.
- The dust is then melted in a kiln, where it turns into zinc oxide.
Zinc oxide is one of the primary raw materials in the production of zinc and can be used to create the metal once again. This cycle can be repeated numerous times without any problems with the metal.
What are the Benefits of Recycling Zinc?
There are a number of environmental and economic benefits of zinc recycling in Toronto and these include:
- Conserving a non-renewable resource – Zinc is a non-renewable resource and will eventually dry out. Recycled zinc makes up for 40% of worldwide usable zinc and this number will only increase as the recycling technology develops. It's better to recycle and reuse zinc now than deal with its scarcity later.
- Reducing waste – If zinc is recycled, it's not filling the landfills and causing damage to the environment. The more zinc we recycle, the less it burdens the environment and the economy because maintaining landfills and increasing amounts of waste can cost money.
- Impact of extraction on the environment – Zinc extraction can be a considerable burden on the environment. Dust, metal particles, chemicals, and harmful gasses are released into the environment during the extraction and refining process. While companies try to reduce emissions as much as they can, the process still harms the environment. The recycling process is safer and more affordable too.
Zinc recycling in Toronto might be a slightly more complicated process compared to other recycling methods, but it does provide similar benefits and is good for the environment.
A drop-off location for your recyclable material that includes assistance unloading and weighing your recyclable material.
Industrial & commercial pick-up bin service to avoid transportation headaches. Call or email Manville Metal Recycling to arrange a pick-up.
Analyze your scrap. Do you want to know what kind of metal scraps you have? Our trained team will analyze and identify the chemical composition of your scraps and provide a detailed report for you.


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Free App Offers Accessible Way to Identify Plant Problems
Farmers, homeowners, greenhouse and nursery growers, agricultural specialists and others who need to identify plants, plant diseases, insect pests and other plant problems have a new mobile application resource created by eight university labs, including Purdue's Plant and Pest Diagnostic Laboratory.
The Plant Diagnostic Sample Submission app includes submission forms with customized questions about agronomic crops, weeds, vegetables, houseplants and more. It was developed by IN3 (_URL_), located in the Purdue Research Park of West Lafayette.
"The app is for anyone who wants to send a sample, said Tom Creswell, PPDL director. "It guides users through the right questions for their submissions."
It allows users to take and send digital photos and plant-problem descriptions to any of the eight participating labs. The university diagnostic labs involved are Alabama Cooperative Extension, University of Connecticut, University of Illinois Extension, University of Kentucky, Michigan State University, University of New Hampshire and Ohio State University.
When submitting samples, users answer questions about the specific types of plant problems they need to identify, such as farm, household or lawn.
"If you're sending a sample from your home lawn, the form will contain questions specific to turf and lawn," Creswell said. "But there's a different set of questions if your plant submission is vegetable- or greenhouse-related."
Submissions are sent to the labs using the iPhone or iPad built-in mail app, which requires an email account on the device.
PPDL will charge normal sample-handling fees for samples submitted through the app. Those fees are $11 for Indiana samples and $22 for out-of-state submissions. However, if a physical sample is needed as a follow-up, there is no additional fee.
Each of the other diagnostic labs has specific fee policies, so users should check with their preferred lab for details.
The PPDL accepts submissions from the 48 contiguous states. International submissions are not accepted. Right now Kentucky and New Hampshire laboratories will only accept samples via the app from Extension educators and specialists who have a proper passcode.
The app is available for free download in the iTunes store. For more information, visit _URL_

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


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Toybox Shape Sorting House
Let's match up the shapes and slot them through the holes with the Early Learning Centre Shape Sorting House.
The perfect addition to your toy box, this sorting house is both fun and educational! Choose a shape and figure out where it fits. Can you match the colours and shapes and name each of them. When you're done, lift the roof or open the door and start all over again.
Sorting the shapes helps children develop with fine motor skills.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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THE PHYSICS OF FORAGING: AN INTRODUCTION TO RANDOM SEARCHES AND BIOLOGICAL ENCOUNTERS
PROFESSOR GANDHIMOHAN. M. VISWANATHAN, PROFESSOR MARCOS G. E. DA LUZ, PROFESSOR ERNESTO P. RAPOSO AND H. EUGENE STANLEY
Quantidade limitada no estoque. Envio imediato.
Área FÍSICA GERAL
Número de páginas 178
The Physics of Foraging An Introduction to Random Searches and Biological Encounters Gandhimohan. M. Viswanathan, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil Marcos G. E. da Luz, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Brazil Ernesto P. Raposo, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Brazil H. Eugene Stanley, Boston University Do the movements of animals, including humans, follow patterns that can be described quantitatively by simple laws of motion? If so, then why? These questions have attracted the attention of scientists in many disciplines, and stimulated debates ranging from ecological matters to queries such as 'how can there be free will if one follows a law of motion?' This is the first book on this rapidly evolving subject, introducing random searches and foraging in a way that can be understood by readers without a previous background on the subject. It reviews theory as well as experiment, addresses open problems and perspectives, and discusses applications ranging from the colonization of Madagascar by Austronesians to the diffusion of genetically modified crops. The book will interest physicists working in the field of anomalous diffusion and movement ecology as well as ecologists already familiar with the conceptsand methods of statistical physics


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Transitioning to Trauma Program Manager: Growing from Clinical Expert to Trauma Program Management (live webinar)
Transitioning to Trauma Program Manager: Growing from Clinical Expert to Trauma Program Management
The Trauma Program Manager is the cornerstone of the trauma center and in a distinct position from other managers in the hospital. They are often put in the position of trauma program manager (TPM) because of their clinical expertise but receive little to no handover or orientation and often fill a position that has been vacant for some time. In many cases, this exceptional bedside nurse is transitioning to a management position for the first time. Although they may have been an expert in their clinical role, they are beginning a new cycle as a novice in this new role. During this webinar, we will explore the challenges of this transition and identify the key attributes that will lead to success.
Attendees will be able to:
 1. Describe the challenges of transitioning from bedside nurse to management of the multiple pieces of a trauma program.
 2. Identify the stages and process of moving from novice to expert in a circular versus linear manner while managing the numerous aspects of an efficient trauma program.
 3. Recognize the attributes of effective and successful trauma program managers as leaders.
Summary
Availability: No future session
Cost: FREE
Credit Offered:
1 CE Credit
1 COP Credit
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Actas de congresos
Estimation of electrical machine speed using sensorless technology and neural networks
2008 IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition: Latin America, T and D-LA.
University of Technology - Paraná (UTFPR-CP)
Universidade de São Paulo (USP)
Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
The use of sensorless technologies is an increasing tendency on industrial drivers for electrical machines. The estimation of electrical and mechanical parameters involved with the electrical machine control is used very frequently in order to avoid measurement of all variables related to this process. The cost reduction may also be considered in industrial drivers, besides the increasing robustness of the system, as an advantage of the use of sensorless technologies. This work proposes the use of a recurrent artificial neural network to estimate the speed of induction motor for sensorless control schemes using one single current sensor. Simulation and experimental results are presented to validate the proposed approach. ©2008 IEEE.
Showing items related by title, author, creator and subject.
Maciel, R. S.; Padilha-Feltrin, A.
Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) (2009-12-09)Distribution networks paradigm is changing currently requiring improved methodologies and tools for network analysis and planning. A relevant issue is analyzing the impact of the Distributed Generation penetration in passive ...
Da Silva, Armando M. Leite; Nascimento, Luiz C.; Cassula, Agnelo M.; Sacramento, Cleber E.; Ávila, Afonso F.


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Studia Quaternaria
Volume 24 (2007)
Abstract
Subfossil shell margins and tail spines of Daphnia in Finnish lake sediments - is Daphnia underrepresented in cladocera analysis?
 Kaarina Sarmaja-Korjonen
Department of Geology, P.O. Box 64, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland, e-mail: _EMAIL_
 Abstract
One of the shortcomings of the analysis of subfossil Cladocera (water flee) remains is that preservation of remains is selective. Of Daphnia spp. which are very common in zooplankton assemblages of lakes, usually only postabdominal claws and ephippia are found. In the present paper I describe Daphnia shell margins and some tail spines from the Holocene sediments of a lake in southern Finland where the margins were much more abundant than the postabdominal claws, indicating that postabdominal claws may be underrepresented. Daphnia claws, shell margins and tail spines were found also in surface samples of 17 Finnish lakes and thus the abundance of tail spines could be compared with that of postabdominal claws. The results showed that in most cases the tail spines are more abundant than postabdominal claws and may give a closer estimate of the true abundance of Daphnia. However, in some lakes claws were clearly more frequent than tail spines. Apparently, there are differences in preservation of different types of Daphnia remains between lakes, possibly connected with water chemistry. Overall, the results indicate that probably Daphnia remains are always underrepresented in lake sediments.
Editors
Editor-in-Chief: Tomasz Goslar
Co-Editors: Małgorzata Latałowa
Wojciech Stankowski
Krystyna Szeroczyńska
Secretary
Mariusz Lamentowicz


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736.50 Leafcutter bee cocoons-order for 2019 (see video)
- CAD: CA$ 19.99
Order for 2019. Delivery date in February.
One box of cocoons contains 25+ cocoons. Set cocoons out adjacent to nesting tunnels on arrival. Store fall cocoons in a dry place and safe from predators such as mice.
Check out these pictures of closeups of bees and their cocoons.
You will love their antics. Summer Leafcutter bees are great pollinators when temperatures are above 20C/70F.
They pollinate summer flowers including various vegetable crops such as tomatoes, squash and herbs.
Leafcutter bees use tiny pieces of leaves and flower petals to surround their offspring and provide protection against predatory insects. They are solitary bees that use nesting tunnels for producing next year's offspring.
In the the fall cocoons can simply be pushed out of nesting tunnels and nesting BLOK can be reused the following year.
|Dimensions||8 x 4 x 5 cm|


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A very interesting way to demonstrate something important in a presentation is to use a door. Doors can be symbolically used to depict various types of interesting scenarios and to explain important concepts. This may include addressing topics like entering uncharted territory, seeking new opportunities, going through a door to achieve success, facing your fears and the like. Following is a list of interesting door clipart and animations that you can download to use in PowerPoint Presentations.
This static clipart shows a stick figure getting kicked out of a door. You can use this clipart in anything from business presentations (e.g. about kicking out the competition) to presentations about kicking bad habits and other topics.
This clipart can be customized by changing the background color, brightness, saturation and reflection from the developer's website. You can also download it with the default transparent background. This clipart can be downloaded in the following file formats:
As is obvious, this is a static clipart showing a door opening for a job opportunity. This clipart is ideal for any topics related to jobs. You can download this clipart in a custom resolution in these formats:
This is an animation of a door opening and closing. You can use it as a GIF image in PowerPoint presentations or download the video version of the file for use in your projects. This animation can be downloaded in these file formats:
This is quite an interesting animation which shows a stick figure opening different doors to choose an opportunity. You can incorporate this animation in your presentations with custom text to create interesting slides about themes like making the right choice, business decisions, opportunity cost, etc. Like the above mentioned, this animation too can be customized before it is downloaded from the Presenter Media website. You can download this animation in the following file formats:
To download more door themed clipart and animations for use in presentations, websites, blog posts and other types of projects, check out the link given below.
We're glad you have chosen to leave a comment. Please keep in mind that all comments are moderated according to our comment policy. Do NOT use keywords in the name field. Let's have a personal and meaningful conversation. If you have questions regarding how to download the templates, please visit this link.
You must be logged in to post a comment.


Spectrophobia: Difference between revisions
how is this distinct?
(how is this distinct?)
'''Spectrophobia''' (derived from [[Latin]]: ''spectrum'', n. specio, an appearance, form, image of a thing; an apparition, spectre) or '''catoptrophobia''' (from Greek κάτοπτρον ''kátoptron'', "mirror") is a kind of [[specific phobia]] involving an abnormal and persistent fear of [[mirror]]s, and an anxiety about seeing one's own face reflected in them.{{cite book |last1=Ferenczi |first1=Sandor |title=Further Contributions to the Theory and Technique of Psycho-Analysis |date=1994 |publisher=Karnac Books |isbn=9781855750869 |url=_URL_ |accessdate=28 August 2019 |language=en}} It is sometimes related to the fear of [[ghosts]] or the undead.{{cn|date=August 2019}}
This phobia is distinct from eisoptrophobia,{{how?|date=August 2019}} which is the [[Fear processing in the brain|fear]] of one's own reflection.
Sufferers of spectrophobia can fear the breaking of a mirror bringing extreme bad luck.{{cn|date=August 2019}} They can fear the thought of something frightening jumping out of the mirror or seeing something disturbing inside of it next to their own reflection when looking directly at it.{{cn|date=August 2019}} Others fear that it is a link to the preternatural world or a gateway into another world, and may fear being pulled into the mirror by some preternatural force.{{cn|date=August 2019}} Some also fear their own reflection in the darkness, as it can appear distorted in strange ways or their reflection may frighten them.{{cn|date=August 2019}}


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Discover a world of opportunities as Dr. Monney delves into the Department of Environmental Health and Sanitation at AAMUSTED. In this insightful YouTube video, he sheds light on the captivating job prospects and the paramount significance of studying in this dynamic department.
Job Prospects Galore: Dr. Monney elaborates on the wide array of career pathways awaiting graduates of the department. From tackling pressing environmental issues to ensuring public health and safety, the possibilities are endless!
Importance Amplified: Gain a deeper understanding of why studying in this department is crucial in today's world. Dr. Monney passionately discusses how each student contributes to creating a sustainable and cleaner environment for all.
Don't miss out on these valuable insights! Click the link below to watch the video and embark on a journey towards a rewarding and impactful academic experience in Environmental Health and Sanitation at AAMUSTED.
#AAMUSTED #EnvironmentalHealth #SanitationMatters #EducationForChange
📺 Watch the video here: YouTube Link


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normal water flow for the ROWPU is related to the type of water and its
temperature as listed in Tables 1-2 and 1-3.
Higher water flows, up to
listed limits, may be set under "push" conditions to meet unusual mission
demands. Do not push beyond the flow listed for 75 degrees F when operating
on well water sources. Operating at push conditions may damage RO elements
and require more frequent cleaning.
Do not exceed 900 psig on system
Average Mission Water Flow for Fresh/Brackish
Water Sources (0-15,000 PPM TDS)
Average Mission Water Flow for Sea Water
Sources (Up To 37,000 PPM TDS)
Adjust the voltage to provide 435 to 445 VAC.
c. Check the high pressure pump assembly for noise and excessive
Noise and vibration can be diminished by slowly decreasing or
increasing the air pressure in the stable level air mounted bags.


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The Impact of Low-Temperature Liquid Hydrogen Filling System on the Bend Pipe
The launch site security issues have been became the focus of the world's research for several decades. Aiming at the filling system, the pipe vibration caused by the liquid hydrogen which flowed through the bend pipe was studied. And based on the computational fluid dynamics, the flow field was simulated according to the numerical simulation method. Then, the changes of flow parameters i.e. pressure and velocity at the bend were observed. The simulation results showed that: (1) the speed and the pressure of the liquid hydrogen would have a sudden change which was caused by flow direction and it would create a vortex which could erode the pipe and lead to the pipe vibration in the region. As a result, the pipe would deteriorate caused by the vortex. (2) the flow field analysis using the numerical simulation method was feasible. And the method provided a flow field distribution directly and design basis for filling system pipes.
J. J. Song et al., "The Impact of Low-Temperature Liquid Hydrogen Filling System on the Bend Pipe", Key Engineering Materials, Vols. 480-481, pp. 810-814, 2011


How Do You Find Your Facebook Url
How Do You Find Your Facebook Url: To discover your Facebook personal numerical ID for facebook graph API operations, fb: admins, social plugins, and extra. Enter your Facebook profile URL below:
How Do You Find Your Facebook Url.
Discover your facebook URL in two simple steps.
* Most likely to your Facebook Profile (Click your name on leading right) i.e - _URL_
* Enter your profile URL in the box over and also BOOM!
* You're done!
What's my faceboook profile URL?
Your Facebook personal account URL is the the URL you obtain to when you click on your name in the upper right of the facebook web page. It needs to look something similar to this:
* _URL_
* _URL_
* _URL_
How you can locate facebook page URL?
You simply have to paste your web page or team URL in the box above.
If you most likely to your friend's timeline, you can copy the URL on top of your browser to obtain a web link to your friend's timeline.
Thanks.
Related Posts
How Do You Find Your Facebook Url
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Matching and Netting Agreements
Matching and Netting Agreements
Netting and matching are a feature of foreign exchange risk management and are carried out to reduce the scale of external hedging required.
For example, Group X is expecting to receive $10 million in one subsidiary and pay $6 million at the same time in another subsidiary. Clearly the group only has a net exposure of a receipt of $4 million.
The terms 'netting' and'matching' are often used interchangeably but strictly speaking they are different:
 - Netting refers to netting off group receipts and payments, as in the example above.
 - Matching extends this concept to include third parties such as external suppliers and customers.
Normally netting/matching only occurs in one currency at a time - in the above example $ were matched against $. However, if an agreement exists to do so, groups can also match different currencies against each other. This is the topic of this page.
The calculations can be presented in one of two ways: the tabular method and the diagrammatical method. Both are explained below.
Tabular method
Step 1: Set up a table with the name of each company down the side and across the top.
Step 2: Input all the amounts owing from one company to another into the table and convert them into a common (base) currency (at spot rate).
Step 3: By adding across and down the table, identify the total amount payable and the total amount receivable by each company.
Step 4: Compute the net payable or receivable, and convert back into the original currency.
Diagrammatical method
Step 1: Convert all currency flows to a common (base) currency using spot rates (NOT forward or future rates).
Step 2: Clear the overlap of any bi-lateral indebtedness.
Step 3: Clear the smallest leg of any 3 way circuits.
Step 4: Clear the smallest leg of any 4 way circuits (then 5, etc).
Step 5: Convert back into original currencies.
Step 6: Use the simplified figures for:
A Settlement
B Setting up appropriate hedging tools.
Created at 9/12/2012 10:43 AM by System Account (GMT) Greenwich Mean Time : Dublin, Edinburgh, Lisbon, London
Last modified at 11/13/2012 3:39 PM by System Account (GMT) Greenwich Mean Time : Dublin, Edinburgh, Lisbon, London
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A script trigger in a FileMaker solution is set to run a script when a specified event occurs. The first event for any file is when the file opens, or more specifically, when the first window opens. It is common that a script will run when a file is opened.
Trigger categories
There are three main categories of script triggers – file, layout and object. You can check out all the triggers and links to detail of how they work in the online FileMaker Pro Help.
File triggers include those for opening and closing windows – the first, the last and any windows. The most useful of these are OnFirstWindowOpen and OnLastWindowClose. These can run various housekeeping tasks when a file opens or closes.
File triggers can be set through File > File Options…
file script triggers
Layout triggers deal with loading layouts and records. For example, exiting or entering a layout can trigger a script. Some developers have used these triggers to build a Back/Forward navigation system building (amongst other things) a list of layouts for navigation.
Layout triggers can be set in Layout mode through Layouts > Layout Setup…
layout script triggers
Object triggers deal with actions on layout objects such as fields and panels. In a user interface context, object triggers can be used to enforce data entry rules or to validate data. The OnObjectValidate trigger activates before fields are validated and saved. This provides more options for providing feedback to the user than field option validation. However, it should be understood that triggers are not always activated – they are dependent on the context of the data entry.
Object triggers can be set in Layout mode by selecting the object and then Format > Set Script Triggers…
object script triggers
Other script triggers
Although not listed as script triggers in the FileMaker Help, other events can trigger a script to run. These include:
Pre-event vs post-event triggers
Pre-event script triggers run the script before the event is processed by the database engine; post-event script triggers run the script after the event is processed.
Why is this important? It determines whether the trigger event can be cancelled. If the event has already been processed before the script runs, the event cannot be cancelled.
Pre-event triggers are powerful in that the script can be configured to cancel the event. This is done by exiting the script with a false result (0 or False).
An example of this is when you want to allow a maximum number of characters in a field.
A Tax File Number (TFN) in Australia is nine digits. So we might write a script to check the number of characters in the field in a script that runs OnObjectKeystroke (a pre-event trigger).
Consider the following script:
If [ Length ( data::TFN ) >= 9 ]
 Exit Script [ Result: False ]
Else
 #do nothing
End If
Note that the script will run before the event (typing a new character) occurs. This means that we need to check the length of the field before the addition of the new character. If there were 5 characters in the field, the script would allow another character – the If statement returns false and the script exits doing nothing. If there were 9 characters in the field, the If statement would return true and the script would exit with a result of False. This will cancel the triggering event so the new character would not appear.
This script appears to do a good job. It certainly stops the 10th character being entered. However, it has a couple of problems.
 1. One problem is that if the field contains 9 characters, all keystrokes in the field are cancelled. This includes Delete (if you need to make any corrections) and Tab (if you want to exit to the next field). A better script will account for all possible valid keystrokes and allow them.
 2. Another problem is that the user can still enter invalid data in other ways than by simple character keystrokes. For example, a ten digit number can be pasted into the field. Other triggers or methods may be needed to watch for this.
The takeaway here is that your script trigger behaviours should be well tested to ensure that they behave in reasonable ways.
Developer tools
When working with a file with script triggers enabled, it can be difficult to troubleshoot exactly what is happening and when. This is where the Script Debugger provided in FileMaker Pro Advanced is very useful. With the script debugger open, you can navigate around a solution and see which events trigger which scripts, and even cancel them if needed. This is particularly so when first opening a file – open the Script Debugger then open the file to catch the OnFirstWindowOpen script.
The Tools in FileMaker Pro Advanced allow the developer to temporarily disable script triggers. Do this by choosing Tools > Debugging Controls > Disable Script Triggers.
Final Word
Script triggers are very powerful but with power comes great responsibility. Make sure you properly test all script triggers for expected behaviour. You have been warned!
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ypical model of pattern formation with three colors. They make a Polish flag (two colors) that is stable for more than 15 hours, but then a parasite emerges and consumes all of the resources very fast; they tried to push the parasite back but it's another story. I didn't understand how making a French flag reproduces an embryo.
Bo. Interesting observation: having a time-scale separation is a problem for simulations, because you need to wait a lot of fast events before doing a slow one. If you manage to coarse-grain the fast one then you can simulate more effectively. The question is: given a network with randomly chosen fast and slow rates, we want a criterion for whether we can do a fast-slow separation (I should really consider the fate of my marginal FR when you have a fast-slow time separation between the observable and the unobservable state spaces; discuss this with Gianmaria). (Another idea for coarse-graining is to consider the eigenvector associated to the dominant eigenvalue: if it is well localized, then one can coarse grain on the localized subspaces.) Bo: if the fast rates are strongly connected, then there is no hope to coarse grain. Otherwise, identify the blocks and coarse grain them. Example: Stochastic Michaelis-Menten with quasi-equilibrium or the slow complex formation hypothesis. (Would be nice to have a result for how the eigenvector behaves).
Skupin. Microscopic dynamics of a mitochondrion [Pietrobon 1985].


Mostrando entradas de 2014
Pre-releasing Bee Smalltalk
Today marks a key milestone in Bee project: we are realizing Bee main sources and libraries to the public sphere! Do not get too excited yet. This is stated as a pre-release, because many things are yet missing and as the license is CC-BY-NC (for now). Also, there's no way to browse code like in a complete smalltalk environment, nor to rebuild the kernel. You can consider this as just a small preview of what the system is going to be like internally. There are two kinds of files: SLLs are the binary smalltalk libraries, SMLs contain the source code of their respective libraries. bee.sll is the main executable (it is just an.exe file, you can rename and double-click). In case no arguments are passed, a *REALLY* basic command line interface is shown, where you can enter some Smalltalk code: $> bee Welcome to bee. command line interface is waiting for you > 3+4+5 12 > 3 class SmallInteger > | o | o := Object new. o size 0 If you pass a file, like this:
Working on multithreading
A Smalltalk runtime that is able to execute concurrent sequences of code would be very useful. Seeing the rise of multicore/multiprocessor hardware and the direction the industry is taking, increasing the amount of cores in processors each year, makes us think we should be prepared. The simplest way of making use of multiple cores is to just avoid threads and directly work on multiple processes, connected by some kind of IPC. This is easier because different processes share nothing, except what you explicitly choose. Isolation helps program safety concurrency wise, as two fully separated processes cannot have race conditions between them. Then you would ask, why not just use processes? The main reason is that threads can be lighter and, in some way, more straightforward (as different threads share all their memory and resources). But also the question can be stated conversely, why not threads? Giving the option of using threads would be nice, so why not? There are lots of VMs wand
Bee performance and lookup strategies
It's been quite some time since last post, we'be been really busy cooking Bee Smalltalk. You wouldn't believe how much work is needed in order to connect the dots! We continued trying to make libraries load in bee, but we felt that performance was abysmal, library loading was taking ages and tests were ran so slow that they were slowing down the whole development process. In order to measure performance, we ported a bunch of benchmarks to bee. Bee nchmarks The first benchmark we took was the simplest we know: tinyBenchmarks. It consists of a rather simple pair of metrics. The first one estimates bytecode speed and the second one dispatch speed. The bytecode test does a lot of arithmetic (which is executed directly without message sends) and sends only few messages: _TAG_:, _TAG_:, _TAG_:put:. On the other hand, the dispatch test calculates Fibonacci recursively: ^self < 2 ifTrue: [1] ifFalse: [(self - 1) fibonacchi + (self - 2) fibonacchi +
Connecting the dots
We've been working very hard this year. The seed that was planted years ago has been growing underground and we are now starting to see the first leaves pop out. After Smalltalks 2013 we had the chance to stop the ball, have an overview and open to wider perspectives. After some time, we got back to daily work and thought about the current situation and the next steps. We opened this blog to let people know about both the progress of this project and the ideas around it. Now that the year is gone, we'd like to share some overview and vision of the future. We have lot's of stuff going on here and many things almost working that need a last push to get integrated. You know, that 1% boring stuff. We now have this small kernel working with libraries which is the base of the system. We also have a jitter, a garbage collector, and a starting point of a debugger all of them written in Smalltalk, but none of them is plugged yet. So we are asking ourselves, what do we do next,


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Successful Presentations in English is a video-led course with accompanying coursebook. It can be used in class, or for self-study.
Successful Presentations teaches students the skills they need for effective and confident communication in presentations in English. Successful Presentations guides the student step-by-step towards creating and delivering a successful presentation, from planning to conclusion. Video clips illustrate the skills in action. Specialist coach Andrew Mallett lends his expertise in presenting and in business communication to the series, providing expert analysis for each clip.
The communication skills taught in the video and accompanying tasks can help both native and non-native users of English with their presentations. The language exercises in the coursebook are suitable for learners of English of an intermediate level or above.
There are eight units which cover different aspects of the skill, such as preparing a presentation, using visual aids, and handling questions.
1. Preparing for a presentation
2. Structuring your presentation
3. Introducing your presentation
4. Delivering your message
5. Using visual aids
7. Handling questions
8. Bringing it alive!
Kapcsolódó link:Successful Presentations Kiadványok listázása megrendeléshez...

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Sex differences in glucose and insulin trajectories prior to diabetes diagnosis: the Whitehall II study.
To examine sex differences in trajectories of glucose and insulin prior to the development of type 2 diabetes. Glucose and insulin levels from oral glucose tolerance tests performed every 5 years in the prospective Whitehall II cohort were analysed using mixed-effects models. Out of 6,712 White participants, 475 men and 177 women developed diabetes during a median follow-up time of 14 years. Men who developed diabetes had higher fasting glucose levels than women over the entire follow-up period (P < 0.001), whereas trajectories of 2-h glucose did not differ between sexes (P = 0.34). Two-hour insulin levels tended to be higher among women than men developing diabetes (P = 0.05), but not after adjustment for height (P = 0.45). Men have higher fasting glucose levels than women many years before the diagnosis of diabetes and at time of diagnosis, indicating that the pathogenesis of diabetes may be different between sexes.


text:
The definition of a tune is a song, a melody, having correct musical pitch or being in the correct key.(noun)
Tune is defined as to adjust or adapt a condition, situation, instrument or voice.(verb)
See tune in Webster's New World College Dictionary
Origin: ME, var. of tone, tone
See tune in American Heritage Dictionary 4
Origin: Middle English
Origin:, variant of tone, tone; see tone.
Learn more about tune


text:
Schlieren imaging is designed to visualize small changes in the refractive index of any transparent media such as air.
When a beam of light passes through a refractive index gradient, it bents or refracts but is invisible to the naked eye. By using suitable imaging methods, such as Schlieren , these deflected rays can be visualized by a normal camera.
In the welding domain, Schlieren imaging can be used e.g. to monitor the protection gas in laser welding process.
Combining Schlieren imaging and Cavitar's CAVILUX laser illumination opens
additional possibilities such as improved accuracy, freezing of any terrestrial motion, and benefiting from polarized light.
Cavitar Z-Type Schlieren system is a turnkey complete solution designed to be up and ready in minutes with minor adjustments to save your valuable time and resources.
Some of the benefits of the Cavitar Schlieren system include clear live views of bright welding processes, optimization of shielding gas flow, simultaneous visualization of molten material, adjustment of sensitivity and direction, and compatibility with different cameras.
Join the #CavitarFabtechExperience and visit us at booth C11300 !


Social Media
Michelle Obama Picture in Google Image Results Creates Controversy
Search for Michelle Obama's name via Google's image search and you'll likely find an image that has been characterized as a racist caricature of the first lady of the US in the top results.
The image is offensive to many and while some are demanding it be removed, Google is holding firm and yet still apologizing. The Washington Post has uncovered a formal apology from Google in the form of an ad displayed above the offensive image that directs visitors to a page explaining how Google's search results algorithm works.
In short, while Google apologizes for upsetting searchers, it's standing by the algorithm. The full text of the statement reads:
The Google Team
michelle obama google image search
As the statement implies, Google will pull a photo should the site hosting it serve malware, which was apparently the case with the image in question at one point, as it was temporarily removed from search results. In any event, it is now back in the top spot.
Despite the inappropriateness of the image, we understand why Google would stand by their algorithm rather than play the role of censor. But do you? Let us know where you side on the heated image controversy in the comments.
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text:
sources is to create a 'TILookup' object. This can then be used to perform lookups against the various supported providers.
Lookups can be done against individual items via '.lookup_ioc' or against multiple items with '.lookup_iocs' and you can configure things such as which Threat Intelligence sources are used.
ti = TILookup() ti.lookup_iocs(signin_df, obs_col="IPAddress", providers=["GreyNoise"])
To make viewing results easier there is a widget to allow you to interactively browse results:
MSTICPy also has integration with a range of Azure APIs that can be used to retrieve additional information or perform actions such as get Microsoft Sentinel incidents.
from msticpy.data.azure_sentinel import AzureSentinel azs = AzureSentinel() azs.connect() azs.get_incident(incident_id = "7c768f11-31f1-46ca-8a5c-25df2e6b7021", sub_id = "8df49d90-99eb-4c31-985d-64b3f33caa93", res_grp= "sent", ws_name="workspace")
You can find out more about MSTICPy's support for Azure APIs in the documentation: _URL_ & _URL_
The ability to create complex, interactive visualizations is one of the key benefits of Notebooks, allowing analysts to see data in a unique way and use it to identify patterns of anomalies that may not otherwise be possible to identify.
Creating these visualizations from scratch can be quite a complex task and involve a lot of code if starting from nothing. To make the process easier MSTICPy contains several common visualizations work out the box with common data sources from Microsoft Sentinel, and that can quickly and easily be called with minimal code.
Understanding when events occurred and in what order is a key component of many security investigations. MSTICPy can plot diverse types of timelines with several types of data.
user_df = qry_prov.Azure.list_aad_signins_for_account(account_name="_EMAIL_") timeline.display_timeline(user_df, source_columns=["UserPrincipalName", "ResultType"]
We can also plot time lines showing events with a duration rather than a single time stamp with ' display_timeline_duration':
timeline_duration.display_timeline_duration(alert_df, group_by="AlertName", time_column="StartTimeUtc", end_time_column="EndTimeUtc")
alert_df.mp_plot.timeline(group_by="Severity", source_columns=["AlertName", "TimeGenerated"])
The Matrix Plot graph in MSTICPy allows you to plot the interactions between two elements in your data. This can be useful for seeing the relationships between points in a dataset, for example if you wanted to see how often certain IP addresses are communicating with each other in a network you can create a matrix plot with a source IP address on one axis, and a destination IP address on the other axis.
As with the timeline plots, the matrix plot can be created directly from a DataFrame using 'mp_plot':
network_data.mp_plot.matrix(x="SourceIP", y="DestinationIP", title="IP Interaction")
We have seen a couple of widgets already in the query and threat intelligence result browsers. These widgets make Notebooks much more accessible by providing a visual way to interact and customize them without having to write any code. MSTICPy includes a number visual, interactive widgets to allow users to select various parameters to customize the Notebook.
network_vendor_data_q = "CommonSecurityLog | summarize by DeviceVendor" network_vendor_data = qry_prov.exec_query(network_vendor_data_q) network_selector = nbwidgets.SelectItem( item_list=network_vendor_data["DeviceVendor"].to_list(), description='Select a vendor', action=print, auto_display=True );
q_times = nbwidgets.QueryTime(units='day', max_before=20, before=5, max_after=1) q_times.display()
security_alerts = qry_prov.SecurityAlert.list_alerts(add_query_items="| take 10") alert_select = nbwidgets.SelectAlert(alerts=security_alerts, action=nbdisplay.display_alert) display(Markdown('### Alert selector with action=DisplayAlert')) display(HTML(" Alert selector with action=DisplayAlert ")) alert_select.display()
What you have seen here is just a tiny taster of what Microsoft Sentinel Notebooks can do. However, luckily, we have a lot of additional resources to help you learn what you need and get started with Notebooks.
We recommend that you do the following:
You must be a registered user to add a comment. If you've already registered, sign in. Otherwise, register and sign in.


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Dubai – MENA Herald: du, the region's first full member operator of the Global Certification Forum (GCF), welcomed regional and global telcos to the first MENA standardisation conference in association with GCF. A series of knowledge sharing workshops, held at Jumeirah Creekside Hotel on July 19 and 20, presented topics related to GCF such as regulations and certification, live network field trials, and a roadmap to internet of things and 5G and how these can add value for the industry and consumers throughout the Middle East.
The agenda consisted of several workshops one of which gave an introduction to GCF, its regulations, and the business benefits of device certification. One workshop, An Operator's Guide to GCF Certification, gave an overview of the current scope of certification, including its new features and how devices are certified. The workshop of Roadmap included an explanation of how the scheme has evolved to accommodate new technologies such as 4G LTE, NFC, VoLTE, and RTE, opportunities presented by Internet of Things (IoT) and 5G in the mobile industry, and how certification can ultimately add value to a variety of business models. The Live Network Field Trials workshop highlighted how network field trials can detect product issues prior to commercial launch and test configurations under different network conditions.
The event days were split between operators and other vendors, to gain holistic insights into industry perspectives. The first day of the event focused on the input and feedback from telecom operators around the region, including the Telecommunications Regulatory Authority in Dubai. The focus on the second day was more geared towards terminal vendors, chipset vendors, SIM vendors, and test system vendors.
Saleem AlBlooshi, Executive Vice President of Network Development and Operations at du, said: "We are extremely pleased with the success of the event, which brought industry experts together to help achieve simplicity and convenience for customers throughout the region. The GCF cooperation will enable us to enhance the end-user experience, device quality, and service quality. This is a positive step towards creating a GCC-GCF standard which will enable the two way technology sync among the GCC countries, reduce the certification cost and will encourage the Terminal vendors to adopt the standard."
The workshop built on the growing connections between GCF and the mobile industry in the Gulf. In January 2015, shortly after it officially became a GCF Field Trial Qualified Operator, du hosted GCF's Conformance Agreement Group and Field Trial and Interoperability Agreement Group for the first time in the region. du became a GCF full Operator Member around mid-2015. This workshop was a precursor to GCF's principle decision-making body, its Steering Group, planned meeting in Dubai in December 2016.
"The workshops held with mobile industry stakeholders in the Middle East gave us the insights we require to ensure an increase in the value of GCF device certification in the region," said Lars Nielsen, GCF General Manager.
While GCF Certification has been developed to serve the global market for mobile devices, the aim of the workshop was for GCF to identify whether additional information could be provided through its database of certified devices that could add value in different regional markets. Questions that were asked include: does the device incorporate Arabic language support, support all frequencies in the region, comply with all regulated security standards, close the gap of non-branded devices, offer best user experience and mature quality for both user and network.


on an intranet.
In such a case, you can specify the endpointConfigurationName as a parameter to the constructor for a service reference.
Note
Your computer might show different names or locations for some of the Visual Studio user interface elements in the following instructions. The Visual Studio edition that you have and the settings that you use determine these elements. For more information, see Personalizing the IDE.
To select a service endpoint
 1. Add a reference to a WCF service by right-clicking the project node in Solution Explorer and choosing Add service reference
 2. In the Code Editor, add a constructor for the service reference:
 Dim proxy As New ServiceReference.Service1Client(

 ServiceReference.Service1Client proxy = new ServiceReference.Service1Client(

 Note
 Replace ServiceReference with the namespace for the service reference and replace Service1Client with the name of the service.
 3. An IntelliSense list will be displayed with the overloads for the constructor. Select the endpointConfigurationName As String overload.
 4. Following the overload, type = ConfigurationName, where ConfigurationName is the name of the endpoint that you want to use.
 Note
 If you do not know the names of the available endpoints, you can find them in the app.config file.
To find the available endpoints for a WCF service
 1. In Solution Explorer, right-click the app.config file for the project that contains the service reference and then click Open. The file will appear in the Code Editor.
 2. Search for the <Client> tag in the file.
 3. Search underneath the <Client> tag for a tag that starts with <Endpoint>.
 If the service reference provides multiple endpoints, there will be two or more <Endpoint tags.
 4. Inside the <EndPoint> tag you will find a name="SomeService" parameter (where SomeService represents an endpoint name). This is the name for the endpoint that can be passed to the endpointConfigurationName As String overload of a constructor for a service reference.
How to: Call a Service Method Asynchronously
Most methods in Windows Communication Foundation (WCF) services may be called either synchronously or asynchronously. Calling a method asynchronously enables your application to continue to work while the method is being called when it operates over a slow connection.
By default, when a service reference is added to a project it is configured to call methods synchronously. You can change the behavior to call methods asynchronously by changing a setting in the Configure Service Reference dialog box.
Note
This option is set on a per-service basis. If one method for a service is called asynchronously, all methods must be called asynchronously.
Note
Your computer might show different names or locations for some of the Visual Studio user interface elements in the following instructions. The Visual Studio edition that you have and the settings that you use determine these elements. For more information, see Personalizing the IDE.
To call a service method asynchronously
 1. In Solution Explorer, select the service reference.
 2. On the Project menu, click Configure Service Reference.
 3. In the Configure Service Reference dialog box, select the Generate asynchronous operations check box.
How to: Bind Data Returned by a Service
You can bind data returned by a Windows Communication Foundation (WCF) service to a control just as you can bind any other data source to a control. When you add a reference to a WCF service, if the service contains composite types that return data, they are automatically added to the Data Sources window.
To bind a control to single data field returned by a WCF service
 1. On the Data menu, click Show Data Sources. The Data Sources window will appear.
 2. In the Data Sources window, expand the node for your service reference. Any composite types returned by the service will be displayed.
 3. Expand a node for a type. The data fields for that type will be displayed.
 4. Select a field and click the drop-down arrow to display a list of controls that are available for the data type.
 5. Click the type of control that you want to bind to.
 6. Drag the field onto a form. The control will be added to the form together with a BindingSource component and a BindingNavigator component.
 7. Repeat steps 4 though 6 for any other fields that you want to bind.
To bind a control to composite type returned by a WCF service
 1. On the Data menu, select Show Data Sources. The Data Sources window will appear.
 2. In the Data Sources window, expand the node for your service reference. Any composite types returned by the service will be displayed.
 3. Select a node for a type and click the drop-down arrow to display a list of available options.
 4. Click either DataGridView to display the data in a grid or Details to display the data in individual controls.
 5. Drag the node onto the form. The controls will be added to the form together with a BindingSource component and a BindingNavigator component.
How to: Configure a Service to Reuse Existing Types
When a service reference is added to a project, any types defined in the service are generated in the local project. In many cases, this creates duplicate types when a service uses common .NET Framework types or when types are defined in a shared library.
To avoid this problem, types in referenced assemblies are shared by default. If you want to disable type sharing for one or more assemblies, you can do so in the Configure Service References dialog box.
To disable type sharing in a single assembly
 1. In Solution Explorer, select the service reference.
 2. On the Project menu, click Configure Service Reference.
 3. In the Configure Service References dialog box, select Reuse types in specified referenced assemblies.
 4. Select the check box for each assembly in which you want to enable type sharing. To disable type sharing for an assembly, leave the check box cleared.
To disable type sharing in all assemblies
 1. In Solution Explorer, select the service reference.
 2. On the Project menu, click Configure Service Reference.
 3. In the Configure Service References dialog box, clear the Reuse types in referenced assemblies check box.
Title Description
Walkthrough: Creating a simple WCF Service in Windows Forms Provides a step-by-step demonstration of creating and using WCF services in Visual Studio.
Walkthrough: Creating a WCF Data Service with WPF and Entity Framework Provides a step-by-step demonstration of how to create and use WCF Data Services in Visual Studio.
Using the WCF Development Tools Discusses how to create and test WCF services in Visual Studio.
How to: Add, Update, or Remove a Service Reference Describes how to add, update, or remove WCF services from a project.
How to: Add, Update, or Remove a WCF Data Service Reference Discusses how to reference and use WCF Data Services in Visual Studio.
Troubleshooting Service References Presents some common errors that can occur with service references and how to prevent them.
Debugging WCF Services Describes common debugging problems and techniques you might encounter when debugging WCF services.
Windows Communication Foundation Authentication Service Overview Describes how to use WCF to provide a role service for a Web site.
Walkthrough: Creating an N-Tier Data Application Provides step-by-step instructions for creating a typed dataset and separating the TableAdapter and dataset code into multiple projects.
Configure Service Reference Dialog Box Describes the user interface elements of the Configure Service Reference dialog box.
Reference
System.ServiceModel
System.Data.Services
See Also
Visual Studio data tools for .NET


text:
TIMMS CITY, TX
TIMMS CITY, TEXAS. Timms City was four miles southwest of the site of present Darrouzett in northern Lipscomb County. It was begun in 1887 and was one of two towns competing with Lipscomb to become county seat. It was named for George Timms, a Kansas financier who backed the community. Soon, Timms City had a hotel, several saloons, a post office, a newspaper (the Texas Tribune), and various other businesses. However, the election of Lipscomb as the permanent county seat quickly led to the town's demise. One county businessman, H. E. Hoover, described it as "one year growing and four years dying." By the time the Panhandle and Santa Fe Railway pushed through this portion of the county in 1919, Timms City had disappeared.
A History of Lipscomb County, Texas, 1876–1976 (Lipscomb, Texas: Lipscomb County Historical Survey Committee, 1976).
The following, adapted from the Chicago Manual of Style, 15th edition, is the preferred citation for this article.H. Allen Anderson, "TIMMS CITY, TX," Handbook of Texas Online (_URL_ accessed June 19, 2013. Published by the Texas State Historical Association.


text:
An accompanying relative is the spouse or child (under the age of 21) of the holder of an immigrant or nonimmigrant visa, who is accompanying them to the U.S.
Definition from Nolo's Plain-English Law Dictionary
A family member of someone who immigrates to the United States, who is legally allowed to immigrate at the same time. Most people who receive some type of visa or green card can also obtain green cards or similar visas for their accompanying relatives -- that is, their spouses and unmarried children under the age of 21.
Definition provided by Nolo's Plain-English Law Dictionary.
August 19, 2010, 5:10 pm


text:
The purpose of the Equality Indicators is to capture progress toward the betterment of the lives of the subgroups of the NYC population who are mostly likely to experience inequalities on a specific issue. Therefore, for most indicators we looked into the experiences of the most and least disadvantaged populations on that particular issue. We arrived at these groups and the issues to measure based on the review of the literature and feedback from experts and community groups. Although there are many other groups adversely affected by inequalities in NYC, groups which are the focus of specific indicators are:
Most of the individual indicators compare the most and least disadvantaged populations on a particular issue. For example, we compare: the percentage of people with and without a disability who are unemployed; and the percentage of women and men obtaining degrees in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) disciplines. Another example: the indicator on jail admissions—one of four indicators measuring fairness in the justice system—compares blacks to whites. In this way, the Equality Indicators captures progress (or setbacks) for specific groups in particular areas of life in which they tend to be disadvantaged. Cumulative progress for these groups across different areas of life would be a sign of increasing equality citywide.


text: Marian is a suburban town located in the local government area of the Mackay Regional Council in the state of Queensland. The town's name was taken from the non-operational Marian railway station, which was thought to be derived from the name of a local property known as Mary Ann. Among the oldest structures in the suburb include the Marian Mill Post Office that has been open since January 1, 1909. Its name was later changed to Marian in 1910. A museum that features the historic Melba House and the Pioneer Valley Visitor Information Centre are also found in Marian. The Marian sugar refinery plant, which is one of the biggest sugar refineries in Australia, is also located in the suburb.


QA:Testcase arm image deployment
From FedoraProject
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Associated release criterion
This test case is associated with the Fedora_21_Alpha_Release_Criteria#initialization-requirements release criterion. If you are doing release validation testing, a failure of this test case may be a breach of that release criterion. If so, please file a bug and nominate it as blocking the appropriate milestone, using the blocker bug nomination page.
This case tests whether a direct deployment of a Fedora image works on an ARM platform.
 1. Make any required changes to the test system's bootloader configuration.
How to test
 1. Download the image you wish to test. There are two variants of each image, VFAT and ext. If the platform you are testing supports ext images, use the ext image. If it does not, use the VFAT image. The ARM install instruction page lists which variant to use for which platforms.
 2. Write it to a form of media bootable on the test system following any instructions given on the appropriate instruction page (e.g. Architectures/ARM/F21/Installation for the currently-pending Fedora release). Usually, this means running a command like xzcat -v .raw.xz > /dev/. For some platforms there will be further steps, which are explained on the instruction page.
 3. Attach the written medium to the test system and boot it, ensuring the medium takes priority over other boot methods.
Expected Results
 1. The system boots to the initial-setup tool.


text:
for the heat to activate in a Volkswagen Passat. It is important to be patient and allow sufficient time for the heat to become effective, especially in colder temperatures.
Q: Can I Activate The Heat While The Vehicle Is In Motion?
When it comes to activating the heat in your Volkswagen Passat while the vehicle is in motion, it is important to consider safety guidelines. While adjusting the heat settings while driving, it is advisable to keep your attention on the road at all times. Avoid any distractions that may compromise your safety or the safety of other drivers. To turn on the heat, locate the heat control button or switch on the dashboard. Depending on your model, you may have options for adjusting the temperature, fan speed, and airflow direction. Adjust the settings according to your preference while keeping in mind the temperature outside and the comfort of all passengers. It is recommended to set the temperature and fan speed before you start driving to minimize distractions. Always prioritize safety when operating any features in your vehicle.
Q: Why Is There No Heat Coming Out Of The Vents In My Volkswagen Passat?
Are you wondering why there is no heat coming out of the vents in your Volkswagen Passat? There could be several potential causes for this issue:
- A malfunctioning thermostat might be preventing the heat from turning on.
- A low coolant level could be causing the lack of heat.
- The heater core might be clogged, restricting the flow of hot air.
- A faulty heater control valve could be preventing the hot coolant from reaching the heater core.
- A problem with the blower motor or its resistor may be hindering heat circulation.
If you are experiencing a lack of heat in your Volkswagen Passat, here are a few troubleshooting tips:
- Check the coolant level and ensure it is at the recommended level.
- Inspect the thermostat for any signs of malfunction and replace if necessary.
- Flush the heater core to remove any potential clogs.
- Examine the heater control valve and replace if faulty.
- Verify the functionality of the blower motor and its resistor.
- Have a mechanic inspect the blend door for any issues.
Addressing these potential causes and following the troubleshooting tips should help you turn on the heat in your Volkswagen Passat. If the issue persists, it is recommended to consult a professional mechanic for further assistance.
Frequently Asked Questions Of How To Turn On Heat In Volkswagen Passat
How Do I Turn On The Heat In My Volkswagen Passat?
To turn on the heat in your Volkswagen Passat, simply locate the climate control panel on your dashboard. Press the button labeled "Heat" or adjust the temperature control dial to the desired warmth. The heat will start flowing through the vents, ensuring a comfortable ride in colder weather.
Can I Adjust The Temperature Of The Heat In My Volkswagen Passat?
Yes, you can easily adjust the temperature of the heat in your Volkswagen Passat. Use the temperature control dial on the climate control panel to increase or decrease the warmth. This allows you to customize the heating experience based on your preference and the weather conditions outside.
Why Is The Heat Not Working In My Volkswagen Passat?
If the heat is not working in your Volkswagen Passat, there could be several reasons. First, check if the temperature control dial is set to a warm temperature. If it is, there may be an issue with the heating system, such as a malfunctioning thermostat or a blocked heater core.
It's best to have a professional mechanic diagnose and repair the problem.
How Long Does It Take For The Heat To Warm Up In A Volkswagen Passat?
The time it takes for the heat to warm up in your Volkswagen Passat can vary depending on various factors, including the outside temperature and the length of time the car has been running. Generally, it takes a few minutes for the heat to start flowing through the vents and provide a comfortable warmth inside the vehicle.
Activating the heat in your Volkswagen Passat is a simple process that can make a significant difference in your driving experience. By following the steps outlined in this blog post, you can ensure that you and your passengers stay comfortable and warm during the colder months.
Take advantage of this convenient feature and enjoy a cozy ride in your Volkswagen Passat. Stay warm and safe on the road!


text:
- 1 How many numbers do you need to win on rolling cash?
- 2 How do you play Indiana Cash 5?
- 3 How does EZ Match work on cash 5?
- 4 How much does it cost to play Rolling Cash 5?
- 5 How many numbers do you need for Lucky for Life?
- 6 How many numbers do you need to win the Pick 5?
- 7 Who won the Cash 5 in Indiana?
- 8 Where was winning Cash 5 ticket sold Indiana?
- 9 What is the EZmatch?
- 10 What's the Pick 5?
- 11 How do you win Cash 5?
How many numbers do you need to win on rolling cash?
Rolling Cash 5 requires you to select any 5 numbers from 1 to 39. The Jackpot starts at $100,000 and keeps on rolling until someone wins it. There are 5 play areas and 5 Auto Picks per bet card. Winning cash prize depends on the wager bet.
How do you play Indiana Cash 5?
To play Cash 5, choose five numbers from 1 to 45. Each ticket costs $1. This game draws the five winning numbers every night, Monday through Sunday. The odds of winning the Indiana Cash 5 first prize are one in 1,221,759. The odds of winning any prize is 1 in 11.
How does EZ Match work on cash 5?
When purchasing a Cash 5 with EZ Match ticket, you can add EZ Match for an extra $1 per play. If any of the EZ Match numbers match one of your chosen Cash 5 numbers, you win the prize shown instantly. The prize can be cashed immediately at retail.
How much does it cost to play Rolling Cash 5?
Each wager costs $1. Choose 5 out of 39 numbers. Players may select their own numbers or use the Auto Pick feature to have the computer randomly select their numbers. Players may give their numbers to the retailer or may place their wagers by using a bet card.
How many numbers do you need for Lucky for Life?
Odds & Prizes – Lucky for Life | A LIFETIME OF WINNING EVERY DAY. Lucky for Life drawings take place EVERY NIGHT. Five winning numbers between 1 and 48 are drawn with white balls, then one winning number between 1 and 18 is drawn with the gold "Lucky Ball." You have won if you have made any of the matches shown here.
How many numbers do you need to win the Pick 5?
PICK 5 is a twice-daily Draw game where players select five numbers to win prizes of $5,000 to $50,000!
Who won the Cash 5 in Indiana?
INDIANAPOLIS, Ind. (WANE) – A Farmland man wasted no time coming forward to claim a record-breaking $1,239,000 Cash 5 jackpot. Devin Hodson won in the Saturday, January 21 drawing and was at the Hoosier Lottery headquarters the following Monday to claim the prize.
Where was winning Cash 5 ticket sold Indiana?
The Hoosier Lottery announced Monday that a winning CA$H 5 ticket worth $1.08 million was purchased for Sunday's drawing at RA Foods, 1201 Chicago Ave. The winning CA$H 5 numbers for Sunday's drawing were: 6-12-15-16-44.
What is the EZmatch?
EZmatch is a $1 add-on feature that gives players the opportunity to win cash prizes instantly! When a player adds EZmatch to their FLORIDA LOTTO purchase, six EZmatch numbers and instant prize amounts print on their ticket. EZmatch prizes can also be claimed by mail.
What's the Pick 5?
Playing PICK 5™ is a twice-daily game that pays a top prize of $50,000. Play it Straight, Box, or Straight/Box. You can play it your way any day – twice a day. With midday and evening drawings, you have two chances to play – and win!
How do you win Cash 5?
The Cash 5 jackpot is won by matching all five white balls, in any order. Additional prizes can be won by matching 4, 3, or 2 numbers. By adding EZ Match, you can win instantly by matching any EZ Match numbers. By adding Double Play, you double your ways to win with a second drawing.


text: Utilizing the light gathering advantages associated with multi-mirror telescope technology demands unique instrument design features, particularly in the thermal infrared. Specialized optics are needed to minimize the effects of the thermal emission of the telescope structure and the reflective surfaces as significant noise sources. Furthermore, it is unknown exactly how divided apertures perform in canceling the thermal fluctuations from the sky ('sky noise') which can exceed the effects of photon noise in determining the sensitivity. The Multiple Mirror Telescope (MMT) has just commissioned a new infrared bolometer system designed primarily for use in the thermal infrared from 2 to 25 microns. We report on the success with which the MMT system has addressed these issues. We find that the MMT competes well in sensitivity with similar detector systems currently operating on conventional single mirror telescopes--preliminary results indicate that the instrument will reach N (10.6micron) magnitudes of 10 or better (one standard deviation) in integrations of one hour through a 5.4 arcsecond aperture. Thus, multiple aperture telescope designs can be used with full effectiveness for observations in the deep thermal infrared.


text:
About Edinburgh Fringe Festival -- Alternative Theatre in Scotland
Travel to the Edinburgh Fringe Theatre Festival in Scotland and see new forms of theater from all over the world! In this course you will learn to navigate the largest Fringe Festival in the world with confidence. Attend shows by international companies, experience experimental theater, and see new work by contemporary playwrights. By attending and critically evaluating a wide range of new performance created by artists from all over the world, you will have the opportunity to engage in a more complex way with the relationship of theatre, culture, and national identity – transforming your understanding of theatre and your world.
The Alternative Theatre course focuses on developing an international perspective on theatre's relationship to culture and identity by experiencing and evaluating diverse aesthetic viewpoints from artists all over the world. In doing so, the course also covers a wide range of general or liberal education objectives.
August 9 - 23, 2017
Kym Longhi has cultivated her artistic vision as an actor, mime, writer, director, teacher and artist for nearly 3 decades. Her experience encompasses classical speaking theater, experimental theater, mime and dance. She is the first certified Margolis Method instructor in the United States and is registered as an RYT 200.
Housing and Meals
Housing is dorm-style in a hostel. Limit 4 to a room. Welcome meal is included; remaining meals are up to the student.
Organized excursions will include a bus tour of the Scottish Highlands, and a walking tour of the city of Edinburgh.
Contact Kym Longhi _EMAIL_ for more information.


Flying While Trans? Things To Know Before You Go.
Written By: Gina Duncan, Director of Transgender Equality
Flying While Trans? Things To Know Before You Go.
Should the transgender community be fearful of TSA screenings when traveling by air? At minimum, monthly, there seems to be a social media post of a transgender person who has experienced a demeaning and often frightening experience while going through security at America's airports.
A good friend of mine, who happens to be a pre-op transgender woman, recently told me that she hasn't seen her parents in 10 years because she is afraid to fly. Her family lives in Seattle and she is so fearful of going through the scanners at the airport that she just opts to not travel. At the same time, in a climate where airport security is vital to national security and fighting terror, where is the middle ground? How can we stay safe and at the same time provide a respectful and uncompromising situation for transgender people who travel by air?
I have worked with the TSA over the past two years, in conducting several national Transgender Cultural Competency Webinars to increase gate agents' understanding of the trans community. Recently, the TSA published "Know Before You Go" travel guidelines for trans travelers, as well as a YouTube video designed to inform trans travelers of what to expect when going through airport security. The published guidelines and video are a positive step in taking the fear out of flying but more remains to do.
In a statement by Marie Trottier, of the Multicultural Branch of the Transportation Security Administration - Department of Homeland Security, "TSA recognizes that members of the transgender community may have concerns about security screening when flying. We worked with transgender traveler, Kristin Beck, who had a bad experience at a security checkpoint, to develop a video focused on helping transgender travelers through security screening process and letting them know what to expect."
All of these steps are positive in that knowledge is power. If everyone is following the same script, and if consistency can be achieved by agents nation-wide, we will take a huge step in creating travel equity. The challenge remains that there are several subjective aspects of the process that unfortunately can lead to human error or misjudgments.
First, the gate agent presses a pink or blue scanner "gender button" based on a subjective judgement of one's gender presentation. As with recent "bathroom bill" issues, the judgement of someone's gender presentation is far from a perfect science. A miscalculation here can lead to a "female" traveler being patted down by a male TSA agent. The "patting down" process is the second issue. In most cases, when a travel issue occurs, it involves an overzealous agent publicly verbalizing an "anomaly" while conducting the pat down, or being overly intrusive, and in many cases, bringing the violated traveler to tears.
No one should be afraid to fly. We applaud the TSA's efforts to involve the transgender community in the education process. Everyone knowing the process, knowing the rules and knowing their rights, will lead to a more accommodating travel experience. But, until we eliminate subjective gender determinations and find a better way to ensure travel safety than with inconsistent scanners and pat downs, the transgender community will have to find refuge in knowing what to expect, knowing our rights and truly "Know Before You Go."
Click here to download the "Know Before You Go" TSA travel guidelines.
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In partnership with Rock Hill School District 3, Winthrop initiated the Piedmont Wetlands Project during the summer of 2004. The 1.1-acre area adjoins Winthrop Lake and offers research opportunity for students of all ages and a glimpse of the fast-disappearing Piedmont wetlands. A small island was incorporated to serve as a nesting ground for many area birds including the great blue heron, the little blue heron, the green heron, Canada geese, and song sparrows. Additionally, Winthrop biology faculty and students planted grass as well as 14 species of trees and 10 shrubs to help re-establish plant life typically found in Piedmont wetlands areas. The collaborative project not only provides study opportunity for area teachers and students but also improves the overall health of Winthrop Lake.
- Winthrop biology faculty and students planted the grasses, trees, and shrubs comprising the wetlands.


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Next semester I will be starting Calculus 2, and I opened my textbook to get a hint of the course material, and on one of the pages I saw a function being integrated twice. I've been racking my brains trying to figure out the meaning of the second integral of a function but have been unsuccessful - I really don't want to wait two months to find out, either.
The meaning of the first integral is the area bounded between the function and the x-axis; what is the meaning of the second integral?
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4 Answers 4
up vote 2 down vote accepted
If $a(t)$ is the acceleration at time $t$, then the first integral gives the velocity $v(t)$, and the second integral gives the displacement $s(t)$. That is the most important application, perhaps the only application, of integrating twice that you will meet this coming term.
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And it doesn't need to stop at 2: higher derivatives of acceleration, used in mechatronics, include: jerk, snap, crackle, pop. – alancalvitti Jan 28 '13 at 20:45
Andre is correct for the physics interpretation. Mathematically, one can describe a double integral as the volume under a surface within a particular region in the plane. For instance, $$\int_{-1}^1\int_{-1}^1{x^2+y^2}dydx$$ would represent the area under the paraboloid $z=x^2+y^2$ in the square whose vertices are at (-1,-1),(-1,1),(1,1),(1,-1)
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As one of the comments mentioned, you can have many.
From physics, they have defined:
$\bullet$ $r(t)$ - position
$\bullet$ $v(t)$ - velocity (1st derivative)
$\bullet$ $a(t)$ - acceleration (2nd derivative)
$\bullet$ $w(t)$ - jerk (3rd derivative)
$\bullet$ $s(t)$ - snap (4th derivative)
$\bullet$ $c(t)$ - crackle (5th derivative)
$\bullet$ $p(t)$ - pop (6th derivative)
You can integrate from the 6th derivative all the way back up to position.
Here is a paper on the matter.
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_USER_: Those are actually correct, and they are funny. I saw a t-shirt (we are math geeks) that says don't be a $\Large \frac{d^3y}{dx^3}$. Of course, see list for what it means! :-) – Amzoti May 5 '13 at 2:08
Really? I knew about "jerk", but not about "Kellog's" *snap, crackle, pop! – amWhy May 5 '13 at 2:09
_USER_: Yes, actually true. My guess, someone said it as a joke, but the reality, is, it is very easy to remember - so why not! :-) – Amzoti May 5 '13 at 2:11
_USER_: see referenced example paper. – Amzoti May 5 '13 at 2:13
Nice link! I learn something every day I visit math.se! – amWhy May 5 '13 at 2:15
Some Advice: Almost every calculation in higher level calculus is solved by reducing the problem to an elementary Calculus 101 calculation. This is one example.
You are probably asking about a multiple integralsuch as a volume or surface integral like the one mentioned in a previous answer.
If so, don't worry because Fubini's Theorem allows you to reduce such integrals to a a set of ordinary integrals you are already familiar with.
You never have to actually integrate over a volume or surface directly (by adding up the contributions from each volume or surface element) because you will learn how to evaluate volume and surface integrals by calculating multiple ordinary integralswhich you already know how to do.
But you will have to think carefully about the region of integration. That is new.
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Frank: A Musical Journey
What Music Did Frank Sinatra Listen to?
When Frank Sinatra was once on the Tonight Show, Johnny Carson joked asking him, "When you're in a romantic mood and you're trying to make out, whose records do you put on?" Of course Johnny was referring to how Ol' Blue Eyes' voice could make a lady swoon, but it begs the question, What music did Frank Sinatra listen to?
While someone like Bing Crosby, who Frank idolized as a boy, would be the obvious choice, it turns out to be something rather different, but not entirely surprising when you think about it: Italian opera. The Voice's favorite composers were the big two when considering operatic music from Sinatra's homeland, Giuseppe Verdi and Giacomo Puccini.
Verdi started life poor and worked his way up through his musical talents. Although his biographer states in his introduction that from what he's learned about his subject, "I do not very much like the man Verdi," but he admires his integrity. Verdi may have had good reason to show some bitterness, having had his wife and two children die while he was still quite young. Given Sinatra's personal troubles and emotiveness, perhaps he could identify a little or sense something in the music.
Puccini was born into a musical dynasty, so it would seem his occupation was essentially predetermined, and he did not disappoint. Still, his life wasn't without turmoil and hardships. He suffered serious injury in a 1903 car accident and his love-life caused many problems as he took part in a number of extramarital affairs. Frank may have understood a thing to two about these.
Sinatra was a very impassioned and sentimental man; it makes perfect sense that he would be drawn to a genre as theatrical and almost over-the-top in its portrayal of human emotion as opera. I have no difficulty picturing Frank seated in a big chair, Jack Daniel's whiskey in hand, with the music turned up while La Boheme or Aida regaled him.


Society for Science and the Public - Alumni Brunch and Public Day during Broadcom MASTERS 2019
Broadcom MASTERS = Math, Applied Science, Technology, and Engineering for Rising Stars. The program is sponsored by Society for Science and the Public and it aims to encourage middle school students to pursue their passions within these fields. In the long run, a lot of these students end up in very successful careers in STEM. All and all, the students took home more than 100k in award prize money!
So what does a photographer look for when photographing such a special networking brunch and public day?
1. Telling the story from beginning to end, from an attendees perspective: what do I see when I walk in? Signage, the check-in desk, lanyards and schwag. I see old friends and quickly meet new ones. An airy space with beautiful decor topped with an artistic display of food.
2. Key timely moments: is anyone speaking at the event? Is there any group photos that need to happen at a certain time? Are their VIPs that will only be there for a short window?
3. Interactions and candid moments: know if your client prefers candid or posed, and then place emphasis on either. This takes patience. Don't be afraid to linger without being intrusive until your subject(s) offer up some emotion for the camera. Not everyone is going to be smiling or laughing as soon as you get to them with your camera. You want to frame very carefully and be sure that especially the subject of your photo is well lit and the photo is taken from a flattering angle.
4. Remember the purpose of the photographs: where will the final product be used? Do you need to leave room for cropping? Do you need to leave any room for text to be overplayed on the photo? * Details, details, details: taking photos of that year's brochure and schwag can really help date the event and give details about how this year was different from last. It also adds some graphic variety to the mix of faces.
5. Overall ambiance: How did it feel when you first walked in? How can you convey the emotion of the room in just a few images? Do you need to grab a ladder and get higher or look for a set of stairs to get a better overall photo? Do you possibly need a photo of the outside of the vicinity?
* Follow up: About ten minutes before I am off the clock I like to be specific with my client about what I captured and ask if there's anything else they need. Leave the event knowing you got everything you need to save yourself a headache!
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Mango tree with mango
Mango tree with mango
 - Product Code: DOP776
 - Availability: In Stock
 - QAR 650.00
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Mango Tree With Mango
Mangifera indica, commonly known as mango trees and a member of the Anacardiaceae family. They are tropical fruit trees that flourish in frost-free climates and a deep-rooted plant that becomes large specimens in the landscape. These mango trees are perfect in size. It has 1.8 Mtr Total Height
How To Care
Light: Keep the tree in a warm area with at least 6 hours of sun
Water: watering the tree in late winter or early spring when temperatures warm, do not leave the plant to sit with wet feet in soggy soil. watering must be reduced to twice a week until harvest.
Fertilizer: use a liquid fertilizer that is lower in nitrogen and higher in potassium and phosphorus.
Temperature: Flowers and fruit drop if temperatures dip below 40 degrees F. They love warm temperatures
Potting: The best time to plant a mango is in the spring. Plant a mango seed in a pot with drainage holes, it will grow into small trees, after about four or five years need repotting when they become large mango tree.
Pruning: Mango trees don't require pruning normally, only need to remove diseased or dead branches and the occasional wayward growth.
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How Do Snails Make Shells – How are They Formed
I was doing a bit of gardening recently when I came across a snail with a chunk of its shell missing. I thought to myself, how do these shells work? I wander if the little guy can grow another one…? I did some further digging, excuse the pun, and this is what I uncovered!
How do snails make shells?
Snails make their shells with a gland called the 'mucous pedal gland'. The function of this gland is to produce a calcium rich mucous which the snail spreads on the outer rim of the original shell. Over time this mucous hardens, at first forming a weak, soft edge that eventually becomes hard like the rest. This process is repeated as necessary to ensure the shell grows along with the snail. Land, garden and sea snails all follow the same shell growth process.
Through my research I also discovered that there are over forty thousand species of snail and some of them only live in water. Can you imagine that?! I also discovered just how important a role the shells play in the life of a snail and how some of their reproductive methods are totally crazy. Check this out!
Do snails have shells when they are born
All snails are born with a basic soft shell called a 'protoconch'. The shells are made of calcium carbonate, which is a chemical compound of calcium and protein also found in rocks, seashells and even dark green vegetables.
Where Do Snail Shells come from & How are Snail Shells Formed
As a snail reaches maturity, their original shell becomes the smallest part of the spiral we see in all snail shells. As the shell grows, it is pushed around the snail like an unwinding spring, this is the reason for the spiral shape. Because of the way the snail forms it's shell it is also capable of repairing it, the mucous excretion acting like glue to seal a wound – so I'm sure my little garden friend will be fine.
Now, given that the shell is made of calcium carbonate, you might have guessed that the main ingredient for the shell is calcium – this means that to grow a shell effectively, snails must consume large quantities of it to fuel their mucous production. All snails hatch from calcium dense eggs and instinct tells them to eat the eggshell after they hatch. This sets them on the path of seeking out calcium – from birth they hunt for anything and everything plant based containing this essential dietary ingredient (snails are omnivores with very few genetically exceptional species that may occasionally eat fish or other snails).
Land snails often look for green vegetables such as spinach and broccoli. Snails that spend their lives in the water have a diet primarily consisting of plants like algae and kelp.
Diet has a large impact on the pattern of the shell too! Snails with a diverse diet tend to have more vibrant and interesting patterned shell, which is why sea snails living in warmer climates tend to be the most eye-catching, due to the larger variety of available foods.
How Do Snails Make Shells
How Do Snails Make Shells
Why do snails have a shell?
The purpose of a snail's shell is very diverse and it's kind of like a little snail house, though it's technically a living part of the snail. Because of the genetic make-up of a snail, like all members of the gastropod family, their entire body is very moist – maintained by their mucous production mentioned earlier – as such, they require a moist environment to survive.
This is why we rarely see snails on the sidewalk when it's sunny and dry, it makes it very difficult and uncomfortable for the snail to move around as it has to produce far more mucous to do so. If it's really hot, then the shell acts as a very necessary sun shield where the snail can retreat into and stay nice and wet. Shells are also very useful as a means of defence against predators such as birds and fish – the strong shell being virtually impenetrable to many species.
They can also hide well as their shells often camouflage well with the environment in which they get their food from – as I mentioned earlier, the shell pattern and colour changes based on diet. If a snail feels threatened it can retract its entire body into the shell so that only very persistent and well-equipped predators can get at them. Birds like the song thrush will clasp a snail in its strong beak and repeatedly smash it against a solid object until they successfully break the hard shell.
Other large predators such as blue jays, ravens, hawks and owls will actually swallow smaller snails whole, in which case the shells are likely only to cause a minor stomach upset for their attackers…hardly a fair trade!
How are snails attached to their shells?
While we might look at the shell as the snail's home, it is attached from birth and cannot be removed. The shell should be considered as an extension of the snail itself, like a human's ribcage.
Can a snail live without its shell or Do Snails Die when their Shells Break?
The short answer is, sadly, no. So, if my little friend's shell was more severely damaged, he probably wouldn't have made it.
Imagine if your rib cage was on the outside of your body. Our ribcage is very important for our survival as it protects our important bits! Without our ribcage we couldn't survive as it supports our ability to breathe and it is the same for the snail. Not only does the snail breathe through a breathing hole in its shell, it simply wouldn't survive the elements without it. Who would have known that a snail's greatest defence mechanism is also one of its most vital organs!
Can snails regrow their shells?
As mentioned earlier, a snail can make minor repairs to their shell as needed, however, to regrow the entire shell would sadly be impossible because to lose the shell means death.
Where do snails come from? Reproduction and more!
One of the most interesting finds I came across in my search for snail information is that the majority of snails don't reproduce like humans, or many other mammals at that. In fact, their reproduction methods are incredibly rare in the sense that most snails are hermaphrodites. This means that the snail is both male and female – possessing all necessary elements required to produce both egg and sperm. This means that a snail can reproduce all by itself, isn't that crazy?! While it is possible for snails to reproduce by themselves, they generally prefer to find a mate, because the chance of survival for a baby snail that is self-fertilised is much lower than if they produce with a sexual partner.
One of the most fascinating discoveries I came across is that some species of snail use a mechanism commonly called a 'love dart'. Love darts are made up of calcium and contain hormones that help to enhance reproductive capability of the party that is 'shot' with the dart. Love darts are typically present in snails who have been sexually mature for a while and reproduced in the past. In the final stages of reproduction snails will shoot these love darts into their sexual partners as a part of the mating ritual.
The only problem is that sometimes these darts that are designed to help with successful reproduction, actually have the potential to pass right through the snail on impact and damage vital organs! It's a good thing these snails don't have thought processes like human beings – they are very instinct oriented beings. Otherwise these particular species would probably die out from fear of reproducing!
Save the snail shell!
What a journey that was – I hope you enjoyed learning about snails as much as I did! Remember that all snails are born with their shell and that it is vital for their survival. So, if you're ever in the garden and you see a snail with a cracked shell, you can help the snail by moving it out of the sun so that it doesn't dry out while it's repairing itself. Some people have been recorded to use glue or sticky tape successfully to help fix snail shells, but that might be a level of commitment you're not looking for with your little garden friends. (Or pests, depending on who you ask!)
Huge snail shell
Huge snail shell


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Piezoceramics prestress control
Preload is the traction force created on the transducers' bolt by elastic elongation due to the application of torque and threading. Prestress is the mean static stress in the piezoceramics and is equal to the bolt traction force divided by the rings' cross-section area. Prestressing aims to maximize simultaneously the maximum power and effective contact area between the transducers' elements, besides avoiding displacements during operation.Table 1 - Typical optimal prestress (±14 %).
The optimum prestress depends on the piezoelectric material compression strength and static pressure distribution on the rings. Usually, the static pressure is maximum at the inner edge, close to the bolt, and decreases with circular symmetry towards the outer edge. The typical optimum prestress values are 45 MPa for the PZT-8 and 35 MPa for the PZT-4, as shown on table 1 above. Unlike optimum prestress, the torque varies according to the piezoceramics cross-section area, bolt dimensions and friction coefficients. It is worth mentioning that that friction coefficients are highly sensitive to surface finishing, cleanness and lubrification.
Prestress and torque are proportional; however, the proportionality varies greatly depending on the surface finishing, cleanliness and lubrification.
Prestress control is critical and determinant for lifespan, maximum operating power and efficiency of ultrasonic transducers and converters. Prestress in excess changes the piezoelectric material properties and may cause crushing, whilst insufficient prestress allows lateral displacement of the ceramics in high power, leading to cracks, electric arcs and short circuits.
Prestress control and application
PiezoClamping® employs an innovative technology developed by ATCP in which prestress is measured accurately and in real time during bolt preloading. Precompression control has been limited to torque control or by electrical charge storage, without due concern for the prestress absolute in pressure unit (MPa or ksi).
Prestress control based on torque is practical. However, it is indirect and inaccurate because the prestress x torque correlation depends on friction coefficients, which varies greatly with surface finishing, cleanness and lubrification. For example, if the bolt gets stuck because of threads' issues, the prestress will be much lower than expected, despite the target torque being reached.
Optimum prestress application using PiezoClamping®
Connect the PiezoClamping® to the converter with the bolt loose, entry the ceramic's parameters and apply the bolt preloading until the target prestress is achieved, as shown on the figures above. Preloading may be applied slowly and with pauses. Before assemble the transducer, ensure the interfaces, threads and metallic masses are clean, dry and non-lubricated. Only the bolt head seat can be lubricated to reduce the torque required to achieve the target prestress. PiezoClamping® must be set for the target prestress, speed, number of rings as well for the piezoelectric material charge constant.
To protect the bolt if it gets stuck because of thread issues or contaminations by epoxy bonding, use a torque wrench with the torque set to approximately 120% of the typical torque required to achieve the target prestress.
PiezoClamping® is also able to measure retained prestress by simply loosening the transducer bolt with it connected and properly configured.


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ABOUT THE COURSE
This one day training course in the Hampshire South Downs will teach you how to design, build and manage your own back garden indoor and outdoor composting toilet. The course will cover the rules and regulations for compost loos, and how everyone can set up a compost loo in their house, garden, allotment, Forest School site or community area. Award-winning compost loo designer and builder, Lynden Miles, will cover how to set up an indoor or outdoor compost loo taking into consideration your own specification, needs and family size. The course is mostly classroom based with time to see the compost toilets we use on site at The Sustainability Centre.
THE COURSE WILL GIVE YOU
- Understanding of regulations and health and hygiene related to compost toilets
- Design options for indoor and outdoor compost toilets
- Knowledge of practicalities with using a compost toilet
THE COURSE IS SUITABLE FOR
Anyone wishing to build their own compost loo in their back garden, school or project site.
WHAT TO BRING
ABOUT THE TUTOR
Lynden Miles works at Monkton Wyld Court in Dorset, where he has designed and constructed awarding winning compost toilets.