text:
Changing your Activity start‑up screen
This article will help you customize the default screen you see when starting up your Activity.
- From your Harmony touchscreen remote, tap the Menu icon.
- Next, tap Settings > Activities > Start‑up Screen.
- Tap the Activity you want to modify and select the new screen.
- Finally, tap Done to save your changes.
Select your remote
We need to know which type of remote you have in order to provide you the correct instructions. Please select from one of the options below in order to get started.
Instructions on this page are not relevant for the Harmony remote you've selected.
← GO BACK


text:
Glass Nanopipette: Fabrication and Application for Studying Living Cells
In this paper, we show fabrication of glass nanopipettes by laser heating and pulling. Then the nanopipette is used as the probe of scanning force microscope for studying living cells. We can get topographical image and mechanical properties of cells. Inside the nanopipette we can fulfill the liquid and metal wire for making an electrode. This electrode can be used for measuring ion current of channels through cell membrane by patch-clamp method.
Keywordsnanopipette laser pulling living cell scanning probe microscope (SPM) patch-clamp
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
No English translations is provided for the songs' names and lyrics, but you can listen to a song's melody by clicking on
the icon (with a typical computer configuration,
a song should start playing automatically following the click).
(1) The Palmach's hymn.
(2) The unforgettable short poem by
Lord, may it never
The sand and the sea,
The water swishing,
The lightning in the sky,
The prayer of man.
(3) This poem - "A Response [Speech] to
an Italian Captain" by the famous Israeli poet Nathan Alterman - is undoubtedly the most famous
poem written in praise of Aliya Bet. Click here for more details on this poem and an English translation of its lyrics.
(4) The hymn (in Yiddish) of the Exodus 47 ma'apilim at their internment camps in Germany

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
A cockatiel is a comical, curious and oftentimes feisty little bird. Known as one of the most popular companion birds in America, they can live up to 25 years of age in captivity. You also can read our article on What is the Average Age of a Cockatiel. They are native to Australia and are related to the cockatoo family.
Determining the cockatiel's age is partially detective work and mostly a mystery. There are some telltale signs that can help reveal whether it is a baby, juvenile or mature bird. Of course, all birds vary slightly in appearance and the cockatiel age may still be a guess.
The following are some hints to give clues to the approximate age:
- A young bird's feet will be smooth. The claws will not have any irregularities and there will be no scales. An older bird will have more scales with maybe some cracks or bumps and overgrown nails that bend inward. Sometimes darker leg color will indicate the cockatiel's age is a bit advanced.
- The feathers of a young bird are smooth against its body and look well groomed and vibrant. The overall condition of the feathers will portray the wear and tear of age.
- The cockatiel is the only small parrot with a head crest. The crest in mature birds is longer with a slight bending curve while, in contrast, it is short and straight in a young bird.
- Baby birds have a large eye-size and its appearance becomes smaller as time passes. Many birds start off with dark-colored irises that can get lighter over time due to cataracts.
- The tail feathers will begin to get longer at about the age of one. Before that, it is approximately the same length as the body.
- Beak size appears bigger because the side feathers are short in a young bird. The base of the beak has nerves and blood supply. However, the beak of an older bird seems somewhat slender and long because it is hidden by side feathers. An older bird generally will have a worn and scuffed beak. The color is also an indication of their age and this will subtly change over time to a slightly darker grey. This may not apply to some mutations.
- As in all young species, the activity level is usually very high. The bird will hop and fly around with a lot of energy. This motion typically lessens with age and an older bird may become more sluggish or lethargic. As cockatiels age, they sleep much longer than young ones, sometimes up to 18 hours a day.
The average age of a cockatiel is determined by many factors.
So how do cockatiels age?
Birds experience a lot of the same changes that humans and other species do as they grow older. This includes mental as well as physical issues. Most physical changes for a cockatiel will occur during the first two years. The Cockatiel age is easier to determine during this time.
Cockatiels are weaned around ten weeks of age and usually not sold until about four months old. The first molt is at approximately six months wherein the males change the color on the bottom of their flight feathers and the color on their cheeks. This means that their baby feathers are changing to adult feathers. Before that, both males and females have relatively the same appearance. This first molt usually is very slow and a few tiny baby feathers may still appear until the baby cockatiel is between one to two years old. Adolescence also begins about this time. Females become more muted in color. Males start to practice their courting behaviors by strutting and hopping. Breeding should not occur before 18-24 months. The female will build a nest or start burrowing to lay her eggs.
Interestingly, the male bird is very protective of his family. He will not abandon them and will step in to care for the young with nurturing affection. Even though the female is responsible for hatching the eggs and caring for the babies, the male will assume the parenting duties if necessary. Generally, cockatiels are known to mate for life as pair bonding is very strong in this species.
What is the cockatiel age when it starts to vocalize?
If you have patiently been teaching your cockatiel to talk, the usual age for vocalization is about eight months. Male birds are more inclined to talk than female. Typically, these cheery little birds are whistlers. They also have a range of soft chirps, cheeps and sharp cries. While all birds make noise, females tend to be a little quieter. Cockatiels are native to the wide-open plains of the semi-arid region of Australia. Therefore, they communicate with whistles and softer sounds. Parrots originating from dense forest habitats have a piercing scream.
How do you feed and care for a cockatiel as it ages?
Wild cockatiels fly down to the ground to forage. In captivity they enjoy time on the bottom of the cage looking for millet seed and crumbled treats. Make sure to place clean paper on the floor of the habitat and change out daily. Giving cockatiels the opportunity to practice this natural behavior will help elongate their life. A balanced diet of pellets, fresh vegetables, seed and purified water daily are staples to their well-being.
A crucial factor in keeping a cockatiel happy in captivity is a cage that is very spacious to accommodate the various toys, ladders, swings, perches and food bowls. The avian must be able to expand and flap his wings comfortably. A large door for entrance and exit is necessary for this flighty bird. The cockatiel is a smaller bird with a long tail. If housed in too small a cage, the tail will rake against the bars and dip in the water dish undermining the beauty of the feathers.
An outdoor aviary life is a good option for a cockatiel. These social birds appreciate being able to fly, forage and take advantage of the sunshine and fresh air. As a cockatiel ages, they benefit from the exercise and freedom this lifestyle offers. A large aviary with amiable, docile birds such as finch and budgies are good company and offers mental stimulation and companionship. Be sure not to house with lovebirds or larger parrots as these are more aggressive birds which the cockatiel cannot defend itself from.
What are the changes in physical appearance and behavior as a cockatiel ages?
Another factor which will help determine the cockatiel age in a senior bird is the dull appearance of the feathers. Even though it is noted that some do not act 'old', understand that they may be dealing with other age related stresses. Make sure the cage is safe. There could be some issues with heart disease, eye problems, arthritis, liver disease or other avian diseases. A change in behavior might become more noticeable when they are close to half their life expectancy. At ten years old cockatiels are considered middle-aged. This would relate to about forty in human years. Some become more mellowed while others are more irritable.
Eye clouding is very serious. If this is noticed, a prompt veterinary visit is quite necessary. Always make sure to leave a night light on in the evening to help the elderly bird with orientation in the cage. An older frightened bird may crash around and seriously hurt himself. Cockatiels are notorious for 'night thrashing'. It is a way to protect themselves when they perceive a threat in the darkness. Alternately, some birds like complete darkness. This can be achieved by using a bird cage cover. Try to eliminate the source of the night frights so that the bird does not injure himself by breaking a leg, wing or injuring an eye. A prudent option for a secure sleep at night is using another cage lined with towels with no toys and only one perch.
What are the responsibilities of owning a cockatiel?
Senior cockatiels would benefit from being held at least one hour a day, and all cockatiels should be out of their cage for at least two hours a day. A T-stand is a great perch and will give it a safe place to be away from his cage. A shallow bowl of warm water for a bath should be offered two to three times a week. Do not forget to introduce new toys and treat puzzles to keep the bird's mind active and involved.
Cockatiels are sentient beings. They are demanding pets who require a great amount of attention and love. They are gentle and quite friendly. Cockatiels are extremely social and have a strong need for this interaction. Two cockatiels of the same sex, or a mixed pair, will get along fine and keep each other company. Doing this at an early age would be best. A single bird will surely bond with its keeper and the relationship is truly beneficial to both parties. These birds are friends for life and the decision to have one for a pet must not be taken lightly.
In conclusion, past the age of two years old there is not a specific way to tell the cockatiel age. Physical appearance and behavior are not clearly defined to an exact period of time.. Kept healthy and happy with lots of care and socialization will help a cockatiel age gracefully and seem younger than his years. Thankfully these entertaining little birds can live a long time and we are fortunate to share our lives with them.


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Species Detail - Ugly Milkcap (Lactarius turpis) - Species information displayed is based on the dataset "General Biodiversity Records from Ireland".
Terrestrial Map - 10kmDistribution of the number of records recorded within each 10km grid square (ITM).
Marine Map - 50kmDistribution of the number of records recorded within each 50km grid square (WGS84).
Agaricus turpis, Lactarius necator sensu auct. mult., Lactarius plumbeus sensu Pearson (1950) & sensu auct. pl.
12 August (recorded in 2004)
18 October (recorded in 1989)
Collated by the National Biodiversity Data Centre from different sources, General Biodiversity Records from Ireland, National Biodiversity Data Centre, Ireland, Ugly Milkcap (Lactarius turpis), accessed 21 March 2023, <_URL_


text:
CASH MANAGEMENT UNIT
The Roles of the unit include the following:
- Maintaining Proper books of Accounting records
- Maintaining and safe keeping of adequate security books such as cash books, vouchers.
- Updating and balancing of all accounting books.
- Arranging paid vouchers into their respective folders according to Heads and Sub-heads.
- Giving attention to both staff and contractors in respect of unpaid claim vouchers.
- Presenting of all accounting books to internal auditors for audit purpose.
- Presenting of documents and accounting records to Federal auditors as at when demanded.


Best way to construct a graphql query string in python
When working with GraphQL in Python, constructing a query string can be a common task. There are several ways to achieve this, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. In this article, we will explore three different approaches to construct a GraphQL query string in Python.
Option 1: String Concatenation
One straightforward way to construct a GraphQL query string is by using string concatenation. This approach involves manually building the query string by concatenating different parts together.
query_string = 'query {' + 'field1' + 'field2' + 'field3' + '}'
This method is simple and easy to understand. However, it can quickly become cumbersome and error-prone, especially when dealing with complex queries that involve multiple fields and arguments.
Option 2: Template Strings
Another approach is to use template strings to construct the GraphQL query. Template strings allow you to define a query template with placeholders for dynamic values.
from string import Template
query_template = Template('query { $field1 $field2 $field3 }')
query_string = query_template.substitute(field1='field1', field2='field2', field3='field3')
This method provides a more structured and readable way to construct the query string. It also allows for easier manipulation of the query template, as you can define placeholders for dynamic values.
Option 3: GraphQL Libraries
Lastly, you can leverage GraphQL libraries in Python to construct the query string. These libraries provide higher-level abstractions and utilities to simplify the process.
from graphql import build_ast_schema, parse, print_ast
from graphql.language import ast
document = parse('query { field1 field2 field3 }')
query_string = print_ast(document)
This method offers the most flexibility and robustness. It allows you to work with GraphQL AST (Abstract Syntax Tree) directly, providing a more comprehensive and reliable way to construct the query string.
After exploring these three options, it is clear that using GraphQL libraries is the best approach to construct a GraphQL query string in Python. It provides the most flexibility, readability, and reliability. While string concatenation and template strings can be suitable for simple queries, they can quickly become cumbersome and error-prone for more complex scenarios.
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 1. Option 3 is the way to go! Why bother with string manipulation when there are libraries available? 🚀
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Table of Contents


text:
We derive discrete time model of the geometric fractional Brownian motion. It provides numerical pricing scheme of financial derivatives when the market is driven by geometric fractional Brownian motion. With the convergence analysis, we guarantee the convergence of Monte Carlo simulations. The strong convergence rate of our scheme has order H which is Hurst parameter. To obtain our model we need to convert Wick product term of stochastic differential equation into Wick free discrete equation through Malliavin calculus but ours does not include Malliavin derivative term. Finally, we include several numerical experiments for the option pricing.
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes


text:
h beam iron steel i beam
A36 Hot Roll Steel I Beam. Standard beams are produced to A36/SA36. Wide flange is dual certified grade 50 to A572 and A992. Junior beams are certified to A36/SA36. Hot Roll Steel I Beam Sizing is depth in inches by pounds per foot.
Made of stiff low-carbon steel to deflect less under load, these H-bars are commonly used in machine bases, construction, platforms, and frames. Because of its rigidity, low-carbon steel is the most commonly used material for H-bars. These H-bars are less likely to crack from welding than those made of higher-carbon steels, and easier to weld than I-beams because they have a straight flange H-Beam vs I-Beam:What's the Difference? Tampa
- What Is An H-Beam?
H-beam vs I-beam Steel (14 Difference Analysis)
- I-Beam Steel Metals Depot® - Buy Steel Beams Online!Commonly termed an I Beam because of its shape, beams provide great load bearing support when used horizontally or standing as columns. Available in two configurations, the most popular being the Wide Flange Steel Beam aka H Beam or W Beam with non-tapered flanges.


text:
artistic tradition in a sentence
1) This variation is reflected in contemporary artistic traditions .
2) A complex society evolved with rich artistic traditions .
3) They preserve artistic traditions and enable artists to earn money.
artistic tradition example sentences4) The crown's look combines national and eastern artistic traditions .
5) Their children have also mostly maintained the family's artistic traditions .
6) The Parthians continued to support Greek artistic traditions .
7) When Europeans arrived, they brought with them Western artistic traditions .
8) Micronesia's artistic tradition has developed from the Lapita culture.
9) Hieroglyphs emerged from the preliterate artistic traditions of Egypt.
10) Parthians continued to support Greek artistic traditions in Gandhara.
11) They have three daughters who continue the artistic tradition in their own ways.
12) Chinese painting is one of the oldest continuous artistic traditions in the world.
13) Naples is also the home of the artistic tradition of Capodimonte porcelain.
14) He admired the young writer's anti-social attitude and disdain for established artistic tradition .
15) In this artistic tradition , six actors play multiple roles with minimal shifts in costume.
example sentences with artistic tradition16) Baekje artists adopted many Chinese influences and synthesized them into a unique artistic tradition .
17) Marinetti expressed a passionate loathing of everything old, especially political and artistic tradition .
18) A long artistic tradition has grown of producing painted depictions of the nativity in art.
19) Like Marinetti, they glorified originality and expressed their disdain for inherited artistic traditions .
20) Futurists had passionate loathing of ideas from the past, especially political and artistic traditions .
21) The arts in Dahomey were unique and distinct from the artistic traditions elsewhere in Africa.
22) Therefore, there exists different schools and societies which transmit these different ideas and artistic traditions .
23) They developed a hunter-gatherer lifestyle, established enduring spiritual and artistic traditions and used stone technologies.
24) Ife produced lifelike statues in brass, an artistic tradition beginning in the 13th century.
25) And if these paintings shock us today , that's part of a long artistic tradition .
26) This filtering of Chinese styles later influenced Japanese artistic traditions , due to cultural and geographical circumstances.
27) As a result, Italy's artistic traditions became familiar to all social classes throughout the peninsula.
28) N.C. inspired his son's love of rural landscapes, sense of romance, and artistic traditions .
How to use artistic tradition in a sentence29) The rich multicultural history of Dunhuang and its various artistic traditions provide an endless spring of inspiration.
30) Sharkey sees these carvings as coming from the same artistic tradition as those on the Calderstones.
31) Participants will learn the fine artistic traditions of the Mexican culture in a fun and positive environment.
32) Inuit, or Kalaallit, culture has a strong artistic tradition , dating back thousands of years.
33) The finished blanket invites new conversations about indigenous button blanket makers and the artistic traditions that surround them.
34) Xu Bing is a global phenomenon , working at the edges of Chinese and Western artistic traditions .
35) Wu found a great interest in the modern art of France despite his studying in European artistic traditions .
36) Hunter-gatherer tribes throughout the Amazon rainforest of Brazil also have developed artistic traditions involving tattooing and body painting.
37) Within the East Asian artistic tradition , China has been the acknowledged teacher and Japan the devoted student.
38) From there it developed as an independent artistic tradition with only superficial reference to colorimetry and vision science.
39) We are conscious also of the musical, ceremonial, and artistic traditions which have enhanced these liturgies.
40) His artistic tradition was passed to his descendants and they continue making Judas sculptures in all sizes and forms.
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You are viewing this Species as classified by:
IUCN threat status:
Least Concern (LC)
Brief Summary
Read full entry
Juncus effusus is a cosmopolitan rush species that occurs in most temperate world regions, including North America, Europe and Asia; moreover, the plant also can be found in many montane-tropical regions. Also Known as Soft rush, the clumping plant manifests stout but supple stems that may reach 1.5 meters in height. Habitats are diverse, but often feature moist areas at forest margins, wet grasslands, wetland margins, lake shores, river banks, and in fen-meadows.
Supplier: C. Michael Hogan


text:
When a cockroach scuttles into a dark corner as we flip on the kitchen light, we feel revulsion, not kinship. But a new study reveals that most humans
share a basic trait with Kafka's creepy creatures: right-handedness. Researchers released roaches into a Y-shaped tube, where scents of
vanilla or ethanol enticed the insects to venture past the tube's splitting point. The researchers then recorded which direction the bugs turned.
Cockroaches with intact antennae preferred the tube's right fork 57% of the time. This right-side bias persisted even after the scientists chopped off
one of the bugs' sensitive antennae, used to sense touch and smells. The finding, which will be published in an upcoming issue of the Journal of Insect Behavior, adds to a
growing body of evidence that even the tiniest brains show side-preference. The insight could aid bioengineers who hope to control cockroaches for
search and rescue missions or pest control.
See more ScienceShots.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Jambolan Information | Evidenced-Based Supplement Guide on MedicineNet.com - How does Jambolan work?
How does Jambolan work?
Jambolan seed and bark contains chemicals that might lower blood sugar, but extracts from jambolan leaf and fruit don't seem to affect blood sugar. Jambolan also contains chemicals that might have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.
Are there safety concerns?
Jambolan is possibly safe for most people, but the potential side effects are not known.
Do not use jambolan if:
 - You are pregnant or breast-feeding.
 - You are scheduled for surgery in the next two weeks.
Therapeutic Research Faculty copyright
Report Problems to the Food and Drug Administration


When dealing with data that's returned from an API you don't always have control over the exact structure which can make it a bit of a challenge to add types to that data with TypeScript to improve the developer experience. I have recently run into this issue when hooking up the Juju Dashboard to a new API endpoint that sends deltas every time there is a change in the users environment.
The deltas are sent in the format [DeltaEntity, DeltaType, Delta], or more specifically [["application", "change", {...}], ["machine", "remove", {...}],...]. The structure of the Delta portion of this tuple is determined by the combination of the DeltaEntity and DeltaType so when dealing with this data you first need to run a conditional over those type values to determine what to do with the Delta. In order to type these we can use a Type Predicate or a Discriminated Union. Ultimately I landed on using a discriminated union but I'll run through both approaches here.
Using a Type Predicate
Define the type for the whole delta tuple.
type AllWatcherDelta = [DeltaEntity, DeltaType, Delta];
Define the possible values for the entity and type using a union. Yes, even the type predicate approach uses unions as a component of the typing approach. You also want to define the type for each delta type.
type DeltaEntity = "application" | "charm" | "unit";
type DeltaType = "change" | "remove";
interface UnitChangeDelta {
 name: string;
 ports: string[];
Now we need to create a function that will be used as the predicate in a conditional to determine what the data type is while working on the delta values. These functions will take, at a minimum, the data that you want to define the type for and any additional data you need to determine that type. It must then return a boolean value, if true then change in this function will be of type UnitChangeDelta, otherwise not.
function isUnitChangeDelta(
 delta: AllWatcherDelta,
 change: Delta
): change is UnitChangeDelta {
 return delta[0] === "unit" && delta[1] === "change";
Using this approach you would then have a string of conditionals checking for the appropriate type and within, would be of the expected type. In this example delta[2], the actual delta in our tuple will now be properly typed within the conditional as a UnitChangeDelta.
if (isUnitChangeDelta(delta, delta[2])) {
Using Discriminated Unions
Define all possible tuples of DeltaEntity, DeltaType, and Delta as a discriminated union.
type AllWatcherDelta =
 | ["unit", "change", UnitChangeDelta]
 | ["machine", "change", MachineChangeDelta]
 | ["application", "remove", ApplicationRemoveDelta];
Now when using the delta you need to check the values of each predicate manually and TypeScript will correctly type the data. Here I've used a switch statement but you could use any type of conditional.
switch (delta[0]) {
 case "unit":
 switch (delta[1]) {
 case "change":
Using only a Discriminated Union is great when you have a known set of data that you need to type. As the size or complexity of that data set increases you might want to evaluate using a Type Predicate as you can execute whatever code you need to determine the type including introspepction into the data itself if you needed to use a canary in the object as the flag.
If either of these approaches don't quite get you there you can also look into adding Generics into the mix but that'll have to wait for another time.
No matter the approach you take, having properly typed dynamic data dramatically reduces a certain set of errors and increases the productivity of the developer consuming that data so I feel it's worth the investment.
Thanks for reading!
A significant portion of my day to day activities are based around code reviews and helping debug issues with other developers. When doing this I will usually open up all of the files that have changed between the current branch and master so that I can get an understanding of the problem as a whole. After a decade of doing this I finally got sick of doing it manually…There must be a better way! I wanted to check out a branch and open all of the changed files in vscode automatically. After a bit of poking around I found the git diff flag --name-only which returns the list of changed files. The command ended up like the following:
code -n. 'git --no-pager diff --name-only master'
Command breakdown
code -n.
Opens up a new window of vscode with the current project folder open in the 'explorer' section.
git --no-pager
disables the pager that git uses by default in zsh (you may not need this flag)
--name-only master
displays a list of files that have changed from master.
Now the next logical step is to make this a bash command and add some customization. Below I've defined the command as a function with the ability to define an argument for the branch name and another to filter the list of files. I've found the filter to be especially useful when trying to avoid things like test metadata and lock file updates.
# vscodedevsync [branch] [filter regex]
function vscodedevsync() {
 code -n. 'git --no-pager diff --name-only ${1:-master} | grep -o "$2"'
Anyways, hope this helps add a bit of efficiency into your day.
Running and developing an Ubuntu based workload on Mac OS has never been easier. Canonical has released a new tool called Multipass which allows you to quickly spin up Ubuntu Server virtual machines on Ubuntu, Mac OS and Windows. The following instructions will get you an Ubuntu Server VM up and running, and the Ubuntu file system mounted to Mac OS so that you can work in the Mac OS UI using your regular development tools like VS Code.
Mac OS
You'll first need to get Multipass installed by visiting the Multipass website and downloading and installing the package on your Mac OS host. Once installed, open the terminal on your Mac OS host and run the following to download and install the latest LTS release of Ubuntu Server.
multipass launch --name ubuntu
multipass shell ubuntu
After the VM has been started we need to connect to it to install the nfs server.
sudo apt install nfs-kernel-server -y
Now we need to create the folder that we're going to work from in the home directory of our new Ubuntu VM and open up the permissions on it.
mkdir -p ~/code
sudo chmod -R 777 ~/code
This folder needs to be exported from the VM's file system which is done by appending the following content to the /etc/exports file. If your VM has a different IP range than what is shown below you can simply update the command below to match your environment.
echo "/home/ubuntu/code,fsid=0,insecure,no_subtree_check,all_squash,async,anonuid=1000,anongid=1000)" | sudo tee -a /etc/exports
Then we have to export the folder and restart the NFS service.
sudo exportfs -a
sudo service nfs-kernel-server restart
Create a temporary file so you can see if your mount worked successfully later.
touch ~/code/test
Mac OS
In another terminal window on your Mac OS host we need to mount our VM's code folder. Replace the string for the VM's IP address and the UserName of the user on Mac OS.
mkdir -p ~/code
sudo mount -t nfs :/home/ubuntu/code /Users//code
To keep the drive mounted after refreshing and restarting the VM
echo ":/home/ubuntu/code /Users//code nfs resvport,rw,rsize=8192,wsize=8192,timeo=14,intr" | sudo tee -a /etc/fstab
Now you should be able to see the test file that you created previously in Ubuntu from Mac OS.
ls -al ~/code
From the terminal on your Mac OS host you can now open these folders like they live in Mac OS with your code editor of choice.
code ~/code
Tips & Tricks
On a day to day basis the most efficient way to work with these files is to perform your heavy IO interactions like git clones and builds from within your new Ubuntu VM. This can be done by leaving a terminal open SSH'd into it.
The services that Multipass use to create the VM on Mac OS allow you to over subscribe the VM's resources so if you want to have the fastest VM possible you can give it all CPU cores and RAM as well as ample disk space. The following command will give the new Ubuntu VM 16 cores, 100GB of disk space and 16GB of ram while allowing the host and other Multipass VM's to share the same resources.
multipass launch -c 16 -d 100G -m 16G --name ubuntu
At the time of writing you cannot resize the VM's disk space so you'll want to give it more than you think you'll need.
Whenever you write any code that is to be consumed by another, whether it be a library or some UI element, that consumer expects it to work in a certain way every time they interact with it. All good developers would agree and that's why we also write tests that either break our code up into chunks and test that each chunk works as expected, unit tests, or test the entire lifecycle, end to end tests.
Anyone who has written unit tests for long enough knows that they are tedious to keep in sync with refactors and often end up taking a disproportionate amount of time compared to the


From StrategyWiki, the video game walkthrough and strategy guide wiki
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This template is used to determine what your starting Pokémon would be in Pokémon Mystery Dungeon: Explorers of Time and Explorers of Darkness. This is the personality test from the game.
To use this template, copy and paste the template from the section below to your userpage. In the first line are are two options for displaying the template:
 1. display: left, right, none. Floats the template to the left, right or not at all with "none." Default is to the right.
 2. sex: male, female, [other]. Your sex; default is "male" and if you put anything else, it will use "female" to determine your Pokémon.
After that just take the quiz like any other by switching the "n" in the answer you want to "y." For instance in the first question if you would stop running in the last mile of a marathon, you would switch the "n" to a "y" in that response so it looks like this:
Q01: You're in the final mile of a marathon, but the last stretch is exhausting! What will you do?
 |A01-1=n| Hang in there and finish!
 |A01-2=y| Stop running.
 |A01-3=n| Find a shortcut.
You can also skip questions where none of the answers apply, or you can change multiple answers to "y" if you want. The test will still work this way, although in the actual game you only get one answer and each question must be answered.
Once you are satisfied and have saved the page, the Starter Pokémon template is called onto the page. Unfortunately, it doesn't look like I can just substitute the template, due to some variables being used, so you'll end up with a condensed template containing just your answers. This means if you want to change some answers, you'll need to copy/paste this template in again. Sorry!
{{subst:User:Najzere/Pokémon personality test|display=right|sex=male|
 |A01-2=n| Stop running.
 |A01-3=n| Find a shortcut.
Q02: Would you even consider sticking to a plan to do ten sit-ups a day?
 |A02-1=n| Yes! That's easy!
 |A02-2=n| Yes. Hard work, though.
 |A02-3=n| No! Who'd want to do that?!
Q03: What do you do with your allowance?
 |A03-1=n| Save it!
 |A03-2=n| Spend it!
 |A03-3=n| Spend half, save half.
 |A03-4=n| I don't get an allowance!
Q04: You have to move a heavy suitcase. What will you do?
 |A04-1=n| Carry it by myself.
 |A04-2=n| Ask someone to help.
 |A04-3=n| Make someone else do it!
Q05: If you don't know something, do you come clean and admit it?
 |A05-1=n| Of course.
 |A05-2=n| That's not easy to admit!
Q06: You're on a walk when you smell something delicious. What do you do?
 |A06-1=n| Try to imagine what it is.
 |A06-2=n| Find out what it is!
 |A06-3=n| Think about how hungry I am...
Q07: A fortune-teller says that you have a bad future ahead of you. How do you react?
 |A07-1=n| Worry about it!
 |A07-2=n| Forget about it.
Q08: You hear a rumor that might make you rich! What do you do?
 |A08-1=n| Keep it all to myself.
 |A08-2=n| Share it with friends.
 |A08-3=n| Spread a different rumor!
Q09: How do you blow up a balloon?
 |A09-1=n| As close to breaking as possible!
 |A09-2=n| Big... but not too big!
 |A09-3=n| I don't... It could pop!
Q10: Do you state your opinion even when it's not what everyone else thinks?
 |A10-1=n| Yes!
 |A10-2=n| No.
 |A10-3=n| It depends on the situation.
Q11: You want to reveal that you like someone a whole bunch! What do you do?
 |A11-1=n| Show it a little by playing together.
 |A11-2=n| Make it obvious by...playing a prank!
 |A11-3=n| State it clearly for all to hear!
 |A11-4=n| Keep it to myself! It's too risky!
Q12: You're on a stroll when a TV crew pounces on you for an interview. What do you do?
 |A12-1=n| Run away! How embarrassing!
 |A12-2=n| Answer questions properly.
 |A12-3=n| Yuck it up! Woo-hoo! I'm on TV!
Q13: You feel a burst of happiness! How about expressing it with a little dance?
 |A13-1=n| Yes!
 |A13-2=n| No.
Q14: You see a parade coming down the street. What do you do?
 |A14-1=n| Stay on the sidelines.
 |A14-2=n| Join the parade!
 |A14-3=n| Walk away.
Q15: Your friend tells a joke that's horribly corny! How do you react?
 |A15-1=n| Roll around the floor laughing!
 |A15-2=n| Just let it go by...
 |A15-3=n| Slap my forehead and groan.
Q16: Can you strike up conversations with new people easily?
 |A16-1=n| Yes!
 |A16-2=n| No.
Q17: Do you get injured a lot?
 |A17-1=n| Yes!
 |A17-2=n| No.
Q18: You see a ball on the ground. What do you do?
 |A18-1=n| Kick it!
 |A18-2=n| Throw it!
 |A18-3=n| Spiff it up, shiny and new!
Q19: What do you think of jungle exploration?
 |A19-1=n| Sounds fun!
 |A19-2=n| Not interested.
Q20: You discover a secret passage in a basement. What do you do?
 |A20-1=n| Go through it!
 |A20-2=n| Stay away from it.
Q21: Your friend takes a spectacular fall! What do you do?
 |A21-1=n| Help my friend up!
 |A21-2=n| Laugh! It's too funny!
Q22: You're daydreaming... when your friend sprays you with water! What do you do?
 |A22-1=n| Get mad!
 |A22-2=n| Get sad.
 |A22-3=n| Woo-hoo! Water fight!
Q23: Have you ever wanted to communicate with aliens from another planet?
 |A23-1=n| Yes!
 |A23-2=n| No.
Q24: Have you ever upset a friend when you were just kidding around?
 |A24-1=n| Yes.
 |A24-2=n| No.
Q25: Hey, what's that? There's someone behind you! So... did you look just now?
 |A25-1=n| Don't do that! It scared me!
 |A25-2=n| OK, I admit it. You tricked me.
 |A25-3=n| No way. I didn't fall for it.
 |A25-4=n| Huh? What?
Q26: Someone who works at a store suggests an item that isn't quite what you're looking for. But you like this person. What do you do?
 |A26-1=n| Say you don't want it.
 |A26-2=n| Say thanks... but say no.
 |A26-3=n| Cave in and buy it.
Q27: You run into a new person that you haven't talked to very much before. What do you do?
 |A27-1=n| Make small talk.
 |A27-2=n| Say nothing!
 |A27-3=n| Make an excuse to get away!
Q28: You think your hear someone call your name. But no one's around... so what was it?
 |A28-1=n| Just my imagination.
 |A28-2=n| Someone fooling around.
 |A28-3=n| A ghost!
Q29: Do you find yourself jumping to the wrong conclusion a lot of the time?
 |A29-1=n| Yes.
 |A29-2=n| No.
Q30: Do you change the channels often while watching TV?
 |A30-1=n| Yes!
 |A30-2=n| No.
Q31: You like something at a great bargain! What do you do!
 |A31-1=n| Buy it right away!
 |A31-2=n| Think about whether you need it.
 |A31-3=n| Demand an even bigger discount!
Q32: You're packing your classroom's snacks for a picnic when you get hungry


Q.1) An effective law can convert the crisis of stubble burning into opportunity. Analyze the above statement and identify the issues related to stubble burning in India. (15 marks - 250 words)
Why this question? - The Centre is planning to bring a law to address air pollution as well as check stubble burning in Delhi as well as the surrounding National Capital Region.
Intro - It is a common practice followed by farmers to prepare fields for sowing of wheat (in November) as there is little time left between the harvesting of paddy and sowing of wheat.
Body -
 - Why farmers opt for such practices.
 - Impact of stubble burning.
 - Need of a law and its salient features.
Way ahead - Effective implementation of law and need to explore other alternatives.
Conclusion - Summarize based on above discussion.
Q.2) A health system cannot only be about the supply side, it has to keep in mind how to involve citizens and the people it is trying to serve. Discuss the above statement in the light of challenges faced by India's health sector as a result of Covid outbreak. (15 marks - 250 words)
Why this question? - As the global pandemic is marching on, the most important lesson to be learnt is the significance of investing in public health and primary healthcare.
Intro - A brief about the health sector in India.
Body -
 - Major issues faced by India's health sector
 - Lessons taught by pandemic
Way ahead - Strengthening institutional mechanisms and capacities: In regulatory bodies, research centres and public health institutions.
 - This will help to involve citizens and the people it is trying to serve and have them involved in developing the services that are brought to them.
Conclusion - Summarize based on above discussion.
Q.3) While the development of the Quad has taken centre stage, other geographies such as West Asia are the new arenas of competition between New Delhi and Beijing. Analyze. (250 words)
Why this question?
 - The year 2020 has been a watershed moment for relations between India and China following the most serious clashes between the two countries in the Galwan region of Ladakh since the 1962 war. These events have had a cascading effect on India and China's foreign policy.
Introduction: Mention the recent instances of India and China rivalry in West Asia.
 - India's West Asia policy:
 - Improved relations
 - Balancing act of diplomacy in West Asia
 - Significance of India and China for West Asia
 - Significance of West Asia for India and China
 - Challenges:
 - China's advantage in West Asia like Iran China strategic deal
Conclusion: Summarize and suggest a way forward.
Q.4) Signing of BECA would allow India to use US expertise on geospatial intelligence and to enhance military accuracy of automated hardware systems. Comment (250 words)
Why this question?
U.S. Secretary of State and U.S. Defence Secretary are visiting India for the Third India-U.S. 2+2 Ministerial Dialogue.
Mention in brief 2+2 meet
 - Foundational agreements with US
 - LEMOA
 - BECA
 - Mention few details of BECA
 - The Basic Exchange and Cooperation Agreement largely pertains to geospatial intelligence and sharing information on maps and satellite images for defence.
 - Mention few geopolitical implications of the deals
Summarize the above discussion


text:
These are the days when the birds come back by emily dickinson: summary and analysis the poem is, explicitly, about the end of summer and the commencement of the fall season. Video project for lit where we take one of emily dickinson's poems, some how act it out, and then analyze it the video isn't the greatest, more like it's ab. Books by emily dickinson hover over or click on any book image to get resources for that specific title if you were coming in the fall. If i read a book and it makes my whole body so cold no if you were coming in the fall the romance of emily dickinson's poetry analysis by novelist joyce. Emily dickenson novel analysis "if you were coming in in "if you were coming in the autumn " emily dickinson uses several metaphors the fall of the han.
Emily elizabeth dickinson (december 10, 1830 – may 15, 1886) was an american poet dickinson was born in amherst, massachusettsalthough part of a prominent family with strong ties to its community, dickinson lived much of her life in reclusive isolation. The poets of the nineteenth century wrote on a variety of topics one often-used topic is that of love the theme of love has been approached in many different ways. Emily dickinson if you were coming in fall help on emily dickinson poem if you were coming in the fall more questions if you were coming in fall. What are thoughts about emily dickinson's poem if you were coming in the fall what does emily dickinson's poem hope mean every book you wanted to read.
In emily dickinson's poem, if you were coming in the fall if you were coming in the fall for this assignment i have to write summary for each stanza. Can someone help me write a short literary analysis of if you were coming in the fall by emily dickinson - _PHONE_. If you were coming in the fall, by emily dickinson if you were coming in the fall id brush the summer by with half a smile and half a spum as housewives do a fly. Short and sweet essay 2 multimedia revision if you were coming in the fall-emily dickinson presentation by: michael natenzon born on december 10, 1830.
If you were coming in the fall, 60: and were you saved emily dickinson: sparkcollege college admissions: financial aid: college life :. If you were coming in the fall emily dickinson saved herself from the anarchy of her they are the notes i used for the summary above and i am. Emily dickinson questions you that can answer any question you might have on emily dickinson poem "if you were coming in the fall," what would the.
Literary analysis essay (short story, poem, novel, play, etc) in if you were coming in the fall, emily dickinson uses simile. Comments & analysis: if you were coming in the fall / i'd brush the summer by / with half a smile and half a spurn / as housewives do a fly / if i could see you in a year / i'd wind the months in balls / and put them each in separate drawers / for fear the numbers f. Don't judge a book by its cover if you were coming in the fall by emily dickinson if you were coming in the fall, i'd brush the summer by with half a smile.
Emily dickinson the life emily elizabeth poet and poetry analysis born in 1830, emily dickinson spent most of her (if you were coming in the fall. Poetry analysis: i heard a fly buzz when i then you can still go to hell but if that were so then she emily dickinson, i heard a fly buzz. Start studying if you were coming in the fall learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools search emily dickenson. In this lesson, we will examine the life of emily dickinson and the major themes of her poetry from there, we will focus on her poem 'hope is the.Download


text:
_URL_ _PHONE_ Jeroen Tolsma _URL_ Jeroen Tolsma2017-09-01 00:00:002023-01-12 08:55:05French project in Alsace approaches final stage
Hydropower scheme Steinsau
Recently the LANDY hydropower screw turbines are installed in the existing dam, in the Ill river at Erstein. A total of six Archimedes screws, each with a diameter of 2.5 meters and a weight of 7 tons, will produce aprrox a million kWh per year. Renewable energy intended for some 250 households. Commissioning of the hydropower scheme will take place in September 2017.
Photos made by Thomas Claude


text:
Australia has a national system for removing from sale, distribution and consumption foods that may pose a safety hazard to consumers. Outlined below is how to check what foods have recently been recalled and how to initiate a recall.
If you suspect a problem with a food product, it should not be eaten and you should make a complaint to the appropriate authority. Please refer to Food Safety Fact Sheet 36 – Making a complaint about a food business, to find the appropriate authority to which you should direct your complaint.
It is a legal requirement under Chapter 3 of the Food Standards Code for food manufacturers, wholesalers, distributors and importers to have a written food recall plan. While nearly all recalls are voluntarily initiated by food businesses, Queensland Health has the power to order the recall of food. All food recalls must be notified to Food Standards Australia New Zealand.
If a food business believes it may need to remove a product(s) from sale or distribution, or notify the public because the food product could be a safety hazard to consumers, you should:
Step One - Contact the Food Safety and Regulation Unit of Queensland Health on:
Step Two - Contact the Food Standards Australia New Zealand Recall Coordinator on:


text: The Doctor of Philosophy degree in Crop Science at Washington State University is an innovative program that combines advanced research methodology with a special focus on crop science. This 3-year degree provides students with the opportunity to gain an in-depth understanding of a variety of crop science areas, including plant genetics and crop breeding, crop physiology, crop ecology, management and production. Through hands-on experience through laboratory work and field trips, as well as the opportunity to participate in cutting-edge research projects, students will develop a comprehensive knowledge about the various aspects of crop science. Graduates from this program will be well prepared for a career in industry or academia where they can make meaningful contributions to agriculture and food production systems around the world. With a strong network of alumni and partnerships with industry leaders, this program provides excellent career prospects and opportunities for professional growth.


text:
Title: The Minimum-Entropy Algorithm and Related Methods for Calibrating Asset-Pricing Models
We describe an algorithm for calibrating asset-pricing models based on minimizing the relative entropy between probabilities. The algorithm determines a probability measure on path-space which minimizes the Kullback information with respect to a given prior and satisfies a finite number of moment constraints which correspond to fitting prices. It admits, generically, a unique, stable, solution that depends smoothly on the input prices. We study the sensitivities of the model values of contingent claims to variations in the input prices. We find that hedge ratios can be interpreted as ''risk-neutral'' regression coefficients of the contingent claim's payoff on the set of payoffs of the input instruments. We also show that the minimum-entropy algorithm is a special case of a general class of algorithms for calibrating asset-pricing models based on stochastic control and convex optimization. As an illustration, we use minimum-entropy to construct a smooth curve of instantaneous forward rates from US LIBOR data and to study the corresponding sensitivities of fixed-income securities to variations in input prices.
1991 Mathematics Subject Classification:
Keywords and Phrases:
Full text: dvi.gz 30 k, dvi 73 k, ps.gz 93 k.
Home Page of DOCUMENTA MATHEMATICA


Convert cord to a | cord to ares
All content site-map> Building plans> Building details> Cooking> Firing ovens> Food nutrients> Flour measures> Oven photos>
area surface units conversion
Amount: 1 cord (cord) of area
Equals: 0.015 ares (a) in area
Converting cord to ares value in the area surface units scale.
TOGGLE : from ares into cords in the other way around.
area surface from cord to are conversion results
Enter a new cord number to convert
* Whole numbers, decimals or fractions (ie: 6, 5.33, 17 3/8)
* Precision is how many digits after decimal point (1 - 9)
Enter Amount :
Decimal Precision :
CONVERT : between other area surface measuring units - complete list.
How many ares are in 1 cord? The answer is: 1 cord equals 0.015 a
0.015 a is converted to 1 of what?
The ares unit number 0.015 a converts to 1 cord, one cord. It is the EQUAL area value of 1 cord but in the ares area unit alternative.
cord/a area surface conversion result
FromSymbolEqualsResultSymbol
1 cord = 0.015 a
Conversion chart - cords to ares
1 cord to ares = 0.015 a
2 cords to ares = 0.030 a
3 cords to ares = 0.045 a
4 cords to ares = 0.059 a
5 cords to ares = 0.074 a
6 cords to ares = 0.089 a
7 cords to ares = 0.10 a
8 cords to ares = 0.12 a
9 cords to ares = 0.13 a
10 cords to ares = 0.15 a
11 cords to ares = 0.16 a
12 cords to ares = 0.18 a
13 cords to ares = 0.19 a
14 cords to ares = 0.21 a
15 cords to ares = 0.22 a
Category: main menuarea surface menuCords
Convert area surface of cord (cord) and ares (a) units in reverse from ares into cords.
Area units calculator
Main area or surface units converter page.
Converter type: area surface units
First unit: cord (cord) is used for measuring area.
Second: are (a) is unit of area.
QUESTION:
15 cord = ? a
ANSWER:
15 cord = 0.22 a
Abbreviation, or prefix, for cord is:
cord
Abbreviation for are is:
a
Other applications for this area surface calculator ...
With the above mentioned two-units calculating service it provides, this area surface converter proved to be useful also as a teaching tool:
1. in practicing cords and ares ( cord vs. a ) measures exchange.
2. for conversion factors between unit pairs.
3. work with area surface's values and properties.
To link to this area surface cord to ares online converter simply cut and paste the following.
The link to this tool will appear as: area surface from cord (cord) to ares (a) conversion.
I've done my best to build this site for you- Please send feedback to let me know how you enjoyed visiting.


fast drumming
 1. How do I drum faster? Why speed is a byproduct of control (2021 – Updated)
 Posted in: Blog
 When engaged in a new hobby, it's natural that we want to progress as quickly as possible. For many beginner drummers, that means wanting to play beats faster. We all look forward to that moment when we can rock out at higher speeds to our favorite songs. There is definitely something exhilarating and hugely satisfying about drumming at faster tempos. Still, our obsession for speed can often lead to inadvertent neglect of the foundation that helps build control. There is… Read More


text:
Compartment Pressure Test
Chronic Exertional Compartment Syndrome (CECS) is a condition where exercise induces high pressure within a closed space, which results in decrease tissue perfusion causing symptoms such as pain, cramping, burning, tightness and weakness of the effected lower limb. The reason why this occurs is not known, however four factors are believed to contribute to an increase in compartment pressure.
- Inelasticity of the fascial sheath
- Increase in volume of skeletal muscle secondary to blood volume and edema
- Muscle hypertrophy in response to exercise
- Dynamic contraction factors due to demands in the gait cycle.
Note: Recently the supplement creatine has been implemented as a cause of CECS in athletes due to its effect on fluid retention and increase in muscle size.
Anyone can develop CECS, but it is more common in athletes who participate in sports that involve repetitive movements such as running.
Compartment Pressure Testing is the "Gold Standard" for diagnosis CECS. The test involves inserting a small catheter under local anaesthetic into one of the four well recognized Compartments (Anterior, Lateral, Deep Posterior and Superficial Posterior) of the lower leg.
Along with the history, compartment pressure testing is an extremely useful diagnostic tool to exclude other causes of exercise induced leg pain such as stress fractures, periostitis, Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome various tendinopathies, neurological compression syndromes and infection.


text:
Goats, like most hoofed mammals, have horizontal pupils. The purpose of those elongated pupils is to allow them to scan the horizon for possible predators.
When a goat's head tilts up (to look around) and down (to munch on grass), an amazing thing happens. The eyeballs actually rotate clockwise or counterclockwise within the eye socket. This keeps the pupils oriented to the horizontal.
That seems impossible to believe. Eyeballs might be able to scan from side to side, or swivel up and down, but how could they actually rotate clockwise or counterclockwise?
To test out this theory, I took photos of Lucky the goat's head in two different positions, down and up. I then tilted one of the photos so that the slope of his forehead (marked by arrows) was constant. The photos prove that the pupils actually swivel about 25 degrees within the head.


shortening url
 - hello
 i need to shorten urls form form
 is there a way to do that in notepad
 - _USER_-Bogers said in shortening url:
 is there a way to do that in notepad
 Yes. How would you do it if you were explaining the algorithm to someone? "Look for the last /, and delete everything after that". So then create a regex that implements that.
 For example, finding /\K[^/\r\n]*$ will look for a slash, then reset the match (so the slash won't get deleted), then look for 0 or more characters that are neither slash or newlines until the end of the line. Replace that with the empty string. (And of course, regular expression must be enabled). If that pattern is matched, then the final filename will be deleted; if that pattern doesn't match, nothing will be deleted, of course.
 Do you want regex search/replace help? Then please be patient and polite, show some effort, and be willing to learn; answer questions and requests for clarification that are made of you. All data / example text should be marked up as plaintext using the toolbar button or manual Markdown syntax; screenshots can be pasted in natively using Ctrl+V when you have the image in your clipboard. Show the data you have; show the regex you tried, and why you thought it should work; show what you get, and compare it to what you wanted to get; make sure to include examples of things that should match and be transformed, and things that don't match and should be left alone. Read the official NPP Searching / Regex docs and the forum's Regular Expression FAQ.
 We sometimes vent our frustration when all a particular user does is demand the answer be given to them after many changes of requirements, or comes back time and again for new "gimme" requests, without showing any effort. But if you follow these guidelines, you're much more likely to get helpful replies that solve your problem in the shortest number of tries.
 - Hello, _USER_-bogers, _USER_ and All,
 Hi, Peter, just an other syntax :
 SEARCH (?-s).+/\K.+
 - Select the Regular expression search mode
 - Click, exclusively, on the Replace All button
 Best regards,
 - _USER_
 it still keeps some of them
 - _USER_-Bogers,
 _USER_'s worked perfectly for all the example data you originally showed. We both made assumptions about what larger set your data represented (consciously or not), and gave the best regex we could that fits the data we could see with those assumptions.
 If you want better help, you have to give better example data.
 And I need to tweak my boilerplate again (which I'm trying to condense and make more likely for people to read), because in this shortened version, I forgot to mention that edge cases should be included in example data as well. sigh
 - _USER_
 my raw data looks like,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
 a small sample
 - Every post, you've made it more confusing. You didn't used to have commas, and now I don't know what you want to replace and what you don't.
 If you want more help than what Guy and I have already given, you are going to have to make your desires more clear.
 Show the data you have and the text you want to get from that data; include examples of things that should match and be transformed, and things that don't match and should be left alone; show edge cases and make sure you examples are as varied as your real data. Show the regex you already tried, and why you thought it should work; tell us what's wrong with what you do get.
 - Hi, _USER_-bogers, _USER_ and All,
 _USER_-bogers, and All, when, you ask for modifications of data, with regular expresions, please, please …
 - Give us a fairly large amount of your INPUT text ( as you did,_USER_-bogers, in your previous post )
 - Give us, also, the expected OUTPUT text, from your specific INPUT test. That's the KEY point!
 Then, from the differences between these two texts, even if you cannot express simply yourself, regarding your goal, we should be able to guess your needs, most of the time ;-))
 Remember : If you clearly defined the rules to process, in your INPUT text, half the job is already done ;-))
 See you later,
 Best Regards,
Log in to reply


What is CAUDAL?
adj. pertaining to the tail or to the hind part of the body, such as the caudal fin of fish. It may also denote a part inferior to another and situated on the underside or beneath the body. Compare rostral- also cranial.
CAUDAL: "Equivalent to inferior, caudal means away from the head and going down to the lower part of the body."
Link to This Definition
Did you find this definition of CAUDAL helpful? You can share it by copying the code below and adding it to your blog or web page.
Edited and fact checked by Pam: Google +


text:
Part 2: Inverse Variation
Inverse variations are excellent vehicles for investigating nonlinear functions. A number of real-world phenomena are described by inverse variations, and they are typically the first functions that students encounter that do not cross either axis on a graph.
An inverse variation is a situation in which one quantity increases while another quantity decreases -- such as the number of diners and serving size for a given amount of food, or speed and travel time for a given distance. The product of the quantities remains constant; that is, as one quantity doubles, the other quantity is cut in half.
A caterer who takes a watermelon to a picnic knows that each person will receive more watermelon if there are fewer attendees, but each person will receive less watermelon if there are more attendees. That's because the amount of watermelon for each person varies inversely as the number of attendees. The more people, the less each person gets.
A truck driver knows that driving at 75 miles per hour will get her to her destination faster than driving at 65 mph, because time is inversely proportional to speed. As her speed increases, her travel time decreases.
- The length (l) varies inversely as the width (w) for a rectangle of constant area (A); that is, A = lw.
- The depth (h) of oil in a cylinder varies inversely as the area of the cylinder's base (B); that is, as the cylinder becomes narrower, the oil becomes deeper, or V = Bh.
Inverse variation: When the ratio of one variable to the reciprocal of the other is constant (i.e., when the product of the two variables is constant), one of them is said to vary inversely as the other; that is, when
or xy = c,
y is said to vary inversely as x.
(Source: James, Robert C. and Glenn James. Mathematics Dictionary (5th edition). New York: Chapman & Hall, 1992)
Two objects that vary inversely are also said to "vary indirectly" or to be "inversely proportional."
Alternative definition: One quantity is inversely proportional to another when the product of the two quantities is constant. An inverse proportion can be described by an equation of the form xy = k, where k is the constant of proportionality. The equation of an inverse proportion can also be written in the form.
(Source: SIMMS Integrated Mathematics: A Modeling Approach Using Technology; Level 1, Volume 2. Simon & Schuster Custom Publishing, 1996)
Role in the Curriculum
Inverse variation provides a rich curricular complement to direct variation. As teacher Peggy Lynn says in the Workshop 7 video, "I like teaching these two topics in the same context because of their relationship to each other." The constant of proportionality in a direct variation represents a quotient; by contrast, the constant of proportionality in an inverse variation represents a product. "Division and multiplication go hand in hand, so the students can relate to that," Peggy says.
Direct variation and inverse variation are related topics, and it makes sense to study them in parallel. Because they have striking differences, the contrast allows students to gain a deeper understanding of various functions. "Students should have experience in modeling situations and relationships with nonlinear functions," according to the PSSM. Inverse variation allows students to consider nonlinear functions. The graph of an inverse variation never crosses the x-axis or the y-axis, nor does it pass through the origin. "[Students] should connect their experiences with linear functions to their developing understandings of proportionality, and they should learn to distinguish linear relationships from nonlinear ones," the PSSM states.
When teaching inverse variation - as with direct variation and other activities involving mathematical modeling - asking students to gather data helps to spark their interest. Students are required to think more when investigating a phenomenon using a hands-on approach, though they often don't realize they're learning because they're having fun. In addition, when students are exposed to "messy data," they must make thoughtful decisions in order to identify functions that fit the data well enough to be useful in making predictions. Making sound mathematical decisions is the basis of effective modeling, so providing opportunities for students to make choices helps to develop their analytical abilities.
For real-world explorations involving inverse variation, it will be necessary to collect enough data to make the nonlinear pattern obvious. Too few points may result in a pattern that appears to be linear. Once sufficient data have been collected, students can use tables and graphs to represent the data.
Finally, students should compare direct variation with indirect variation, illuminating the differences and highlighting the similarities. For instance, they might describe the relationship between the general equations
y = kx and. They should recognize that the constant of proportionality in the direct variation is a quotient of the variables, while the constant of proportionality in the inverse variation is a product. Or they might consider the graphs, since a direct variation is linear and passes through the origin, while an inverse variation is a curve with no x- or y-intercepts. Making these comparisons will allow students to understand the differences within a family of functions.


Question from munaz_rahman
What are zone points for?
What are zone points for and what do they do?
Accepted Answer
BadProfessional answered:
Zone points increase your In The Zone multiplier, which makes the speed breaker more effective as well as increasing it's duration. They also add to the Wheelman points when you win a race, increasing your wheelman level.
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Exchange Basics
Fee vs. Leasehold Land
 1. Under Section 1031(a), the word "like-kind" refers to the nature or character of the property and not to its grade or quality. One kind or class of property may not be exchanged under Section 1031 for property of a different kind or class.
 2. For example, the receipt of fee ownership in property in consideration for the execution of a long-term lease is not an exchange of property, but is instead the execution of a lease accompanied by the receipt of advance rental income.
 3. Similarly, the transfer of property and cash for the construction of a new plant on a taxpayer's land was held to represent the payment of consideration for the purchase of new property and not an exchange of like-kind property.
 4. In Revenue Ruling 72-601, the father and son were both farm owners. The son conveyed a life estate in his farm to his father, while reserving a remainder interest for himself. The father conveyed a remainder interest in his farm to his son, reserving a life estate for himself. The IRS ruled that the son merely transferred the right to use his farm for a period of years and received in return the equivalent of rental income and not property qualifying under Section 1031. The father transferred a remainder interest in return for a leasehold of less than 30 years' duration, when measured against his life expectancy. The leasehold was thus not like-kind property, and the transaction was taxable. If the father's life expectancy had equaled or exceeded 30 years, the father's transfer might have qualified, but not the son's.
 5. Similar results should be expected in exchanges involving what is essentially a right to receive income represented by contracts, patents, copyrights, etc.
 6. A transaction structured to be a sale of the taxpayer's property followed by a leaseback of the same property may be construed as an exchange of a fee absolute estate for a leasehold estate. The IRS has argued for exchange treatment in this context to prevent a taxpayer from recognizing a loss on the "sale" transaction.
 7. An exchange of real property for personal property does not qualify because the nature or character of the property is not of like-kind. The fact that property is improved or unimproved relates only to its grade or quality and not to its kind or class. A leasehold of a fee with 30 years or more to run and real estate in fee are of "like-kind."
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text:
In response to a resolution filed by shareholder representative As You Sow, which encouraged Microsoft to respond to the growing Right to Repair movement, the company has agreed to increase consumers' options to repair their devices by the end of 2022.
"This is an encouraging step by Microsoft to respond to the upswell of federal and state activity in the right to repair movement," says Kelly McBee, waste program coordinator at As You Sow, a nonprofit organization that promotes environmental and social corporate responsibility. "Excitingly, this agreement will begin to allow consumers to repair their Microsoft devices outside the limited network of authorized repair shops."
In 2021, Congress introduced the first bill on the Right to Repair, in addition to introducing legislation in more than half of the United States. (The bill never went to vote.) In May, the Federal Trade Commission issued a report to Congress determining that there was "scant evidence" to justify the restriction by companies of repair instructions, parts, and tools to a limited number of authorized establishments.
In exchange for As You Sow's withdrawal of its shareholder resolution, Microsoft will:
- complete a third-party study evaluating the environmental and social impacts associated with increasing consumer access to repair and determine new mechanisms to increase access to repair, including for Surface devices and Xbox consoles;
- expand the availability of certain parts and repair documentation beyond Microsoft's authorized service provider network; and
- initiate new mechanisms to enable and facilitate local repair options for consumers.
In recent months additional shareholder resolutions on right to repair have been filed with Apple and tractor manufacturer Deere & Co following President's Biden executive order instructing the Federal Trade Commission to issue rules removing manufacturer restrictions on third party and do-it-yourself repair of tractors and cell phones.
"I applaud the sincerity that Microsoft brought to the table in negotiating this agreement and hope additional manufacturers follow suit," McBee says. "Microsoft's action demonstrates that the company recognizes that extending the lifetime of its devices through repair is essential to meeting its climate goals and that the company is serious about taking action to do so."
Will this development have implications for the medical Right to Repair movement? Share your thoughts in the Comments section.


Female Hume
Originating from the Bastok region, Humes are the most common race and have spread to the farthest reaches of Vana'diel. They are characterized by their equally balanced abilities, moderate intelligence, and high level of skill in numerous areas. This combination of traits has played a large role in Bastok's growth into a prosperous nation of technology and industry.
The Industrious Humes
Humes, for the most part, could be considered Vanadiel's equivalent to humans. They are both a common and popular choice of characters among FFXI players. Part of the reason for this is because they are one of the most balanced races as far as stats are concerned. Humes could be considered a "Jack of all trades," in the sense that they are able to perform exceptionally well with any job they choose.
Hume population is primarily concentrated in Bastok, where they originated and continue to prosper.
History of the Term: Hume
The word "Hume" is a shortening of the English word Human.
Face Type Distribution
Face Type Distribution as of 5/08 Face Type Distribution as of 5/08
See Also


text:
Birding Hotspots of Israel, continued..
The Negev Desert
The Negev occupies 60% of the land surface area of Israel and yet it is the least densely populated. Delineated as being south of Be'er Sheva and Dimona, it is mainly a stone and sand desert with sparse vegetation. However, following periods of heavy rain during the winter and early spring, the desert is transformed into a colourful carpet of flowers including many of Israel's desert specialities.
Be'er Sheva is a good, central base for exploring the northern and central portions of the Negev. In the northeastern section, some 20 kilometres east of Be'er Sheva, Cream-coloured Courser and Pin-tailed, Black-bellied and Spotted Sandgrouse occur and between November and February relatively large flocks of Dotterel can be seen. The sewage ponds to the southeast of Be'er Sheva usually yield a wide range of species. Pallid Harrier and Black-winged Pratincoles both occur in good numbers during September and October, and Sociable and White-tailed Plovers in October and November. The experimental agricultural fields to the south of the pools are good for Oriental Skylarks between October and mid March.
The north-western Negev is a vast expanse of natural steppe and
semidesert with transitional vast mixed cultivated areas, which
supports a wealth of birds. Although the region can be productive
all year round, it is outstanding in winter when large concentrations
of raptors and sandgrouse are present. The fields around Urim
are very good for Saker and Lanner falcons and
relatively large numbers of Imperial Eagle and Long-Legged Buzzard.
The best area is the now famous line of electricity pylons that
cross the road between Urim and Ze'elim. The raptors often perching
on the pylons are easy to find, providing superb opportunities
to study some difficult species and plumages at length. The agricultural
fields are the best places to find hunting Pallid Harriers as
Sociable Plover, Dotterel, Isabelline and
Finsch's Wheatear. Black Kites
gather in large numbers and use traditional roost sites in Eucalyptus
trees (over 1 000 near Gevulot). In the more natural steppe and
semi-desert areas good numbers of Cream-coloured Coursers occur,
especially in autumn. In winter in the cultivated plains Pin-tailed
Sandgrouse can be found in large numbers, and flocks
of up to 8 000 have been recorded. Smaller, but none the less impressive
flocks of up to 3000 Spotted Sandgrouse have
One of the better known areas to the southwest of Be'er Sheva is the Nizzana desert plain, close to the Egyptian border. This is the most productive site for Houbara Bustard, which can be seen in concentrations in winter. Nizzana is also perhaps the most reliable place to see them during the breeding season. We recommend early morning visits for the best views, before the heat haze affects viewing conditions. In the past the Nizzana sewage pools were easily accessible in order to view sandgrouse. Sad to say most of them have dried out and are not used by the birds anymore. If you wish to see Pin-tailed, Crowned, Spotted or Black-bellied Sandgrouse you will need to reach specific feeding plains around the area, The SPNI, however, are now working on creating special constant water supply for the sandgrouse, to replace the sewage pools, which may offer a glimmer of hope for attracting large numbers of sandgrouse back to the Nizzana plains. Lanner is frequent in the area and it is one of the best desert regions for observing migrating White Storks, Pallid Harriers, Lesser Spotted Eagles and Cranes, especially in spring. Desert Wheatear, Finsch' s Wheatear (winter only) and Spectacled Warbler are not difficult to see, and the latter breeds in shallow, bushy wadis.
Sede Boqer is perhaps one of the most beautiful landscapes in the Negev. This oasis is situated on the loess plain overlooking the deep gorge of Nahal Zin. The area is especially good for raptors such as breeding Long-legged Buzzard, Bonelli's Eagle, Lanner and Barbary Falcons. A feeding station at the eastern edge of the Zin Plain is maintained by the INRP A with the purpose of supplying supplementary food to the breeding Griffon and Egyptian Vultures and sometimes in winter, Black Vulture. On the ledges of towering cliffs, Sooty Falcons breed from mid-May until early October. The gorges also host breeding Desert Eagle Owl and Alpine Swifts, and in some winters, Sinai Rosefinch and Wallcreeper.
|© Copyright 2002-2005 [Kibbutz Lotan Center for Ecotourism and Creative Ecology]. All rights reserved.|


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PDF The .pdf file format extension was developed by Adobe systems in 1993 as a means of presenting documents in a consistent manner across different platforms, hardware, operating systems, and applications. The format was not released as an open source document format until 2008, though minimal proprietary technologies still controlled by Adobe Systems exist in the format. Every .pdf document carries with it the necessary meta information required to properly reconstruct the text, fonts, and graphics used to produce the document. This ensures that documents will be viewed in exactly the same way the author intended regardless of the device used to open the document. From conception to date, Adobe Systems has continued to support the format adding features with every iteration of the standard including hardened algorithms for document encryption and privacy. Today, many freely available readers exist allowing you to open and view .pdf documents and create or convert other file formats such as .jpeg and .doc into .pdf documents.
TCR The .tcr filename extension is a compressed text file format for eBooks and text associated with eBook reader software developed by Psion, a London based techonology company. The format has its beginnings in the early 90's and was designed for use on the PDAs released by the company, particularly the Series 3 handheld PDA. Though the format is proprietary and was intended for exclusive use on Psion devices, today, a few eBook reader applications can open files encoded in this format. As PDAs eventually lost there popularity, the format was discontinued when Psion eventually pulled out of the PDA market.
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Sites often require the functionality to create orders to be fulfilled repeatedly on a specific schedule, or to construct and save orders to be placed at a later date. You can use ATG Commerce to support these requirements through the use of scheduled orders.
In ATG Commerce, a scheduled Order object (of type scheduledOrder) maintains the schedule information for the scheduled order, and a template Order object maintains the order information for the scheduled order. The template Order object is a typical Order in the orderRepository, but it has a state of TEMPLATE. When a scheduled order is placed, the template order is cloned, and the cloned order is checked out and sent to Fulfillment. Consequently, the template Order is never processed, but simply serves as a prototype.
Template orders must include enough information, such as all necessary shipping and payment information, to process the cloned Order without further user interaction. A previously processed order or even the user's shopping cart (once the shipping and payment information has been specified) can be used to create a template order.
This section describes the ATG Commerce framework that supports scheduled orders and includes the following subsections:
For an example implementation of scheduled orders, see the Scheduling Orders section of the My Account chapter in the ATG Business Commerce Reference Application Guide.
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text:
Here's a word or two about Best Practices and SCALE in TurboCAD. If you are an old codger like me, who started on drafting boards with T-squares and triangles, and you still can't forget the acrid chemical smell of the blueprint machine, you were taught to draw to by scaling to fit. Then you carefully noted the scale factor (1:10, 1" = 1', 2cm = 1km etc.) down in the corner of the drawing. You may even have had a special set of rulers that short-cut the mathematical metal gymnastics. So it is completely natural that you would continue scale this way when drawing in CAD. Simply put, DON'T.
SIDEBAR: Along the same line you should be doing ALL of you primary drawing in the Model Space. Paper spaces are for printing; a word on that later.
DRAW TO SCALE, by which I mean full scale 1-to-1, 1:1, 1 = 1. It is true that TurboCAD has a wide range of controls that allow you to scale the drawing (Model) space and apply scale factors to dimensions, and you can always just brute force the issue by going old-school and drawing as I described above. There simply is no reason to do so in the modern world of CAD.
Drawing 1-to-1 has many advantages. It makes drawing faster. It makes it easier for other people to work with the drawing in the future. It reduces the probability of scale errors, and information errors. There are drawing which have come my way, were the drawing space has one scale set, the user has drawn within that space to an additional scale factor, and dimensions are scaled to another factor, and all of this is further compounded by viewports also scaling into paper spaces which also have a non-1-to-1 scale. What a mess. Even the author could not use the drawing a year after creating it.
So why does TurboCAD come with all of these features when I am sitting here telling you not to use them? I can answer that question in two words: Legacy and Compatibility. CAD today is not what CAD has always been, and best practices and standards have evolved over that last few decades. However, it is still necessary to support legacy drawings. By the same token, not all CAD and drawing applications use the same methods of scaling. So TurboCAD contains features which support both.
Today, most of the time, drawings are transferred, viewed, and reviewed electronically and we are not limited by the size of our paper, or printer/plotter. The Model space where we do most of our drawing is effectively infinite. Draw a city, at full scale, or a draw complex nanite at full scale. You aren't likely to run out of room.
Of course, sometimes we have to print, and there we are limited by both printer and paper. However, if you use viewports and scale only via the viewport you reduce the scaling complexity to a single point of failure, easy to identify, easy to fix.


Howto:Place 3D objects with the UFO
From FlightGear wiki
Revision as of 22:28, 29 July 2009 by Flug (Talk | contribs) (command keys are lower case; don't work if done in upper case.)
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The UFO aircraft is a superb tool for placing a new (or old) 3D object at any arbitrary location in the scenery with just a few clicks of the mouse.
Placing objects in the scenery is a really easy way to contribute to the FlightGear project. It doesn't require any programming knowledge, and you can contribute something valuable in 15 minutes.
Below is an overview of placing, editing, & saving objects using the UFO. You can get a brief overview of the movement and editing commands by pressing ? while flying the UFO.
Choosing your object
The first thing you need is a 3d model to place in the scenery. The FlightGear Scenery Database (_URL_ maintains a huge library of generic models, which will have been included in your FlightGear installation.
If you have created your own model you should save it in a subdirectory of your FG root folder. Two options seem reasonable, although others are possible as well:
a) Save it in the directory Flightgear/data/Models/. That is the standard directory where the UFO will go when you press the Space bar. Let's say you have created a CAT III marker, called catii-iii.xml. In this example, we create a subdirectory Flightgear/data/Models/Tabu/ and save our catii-iii.xml there. The downpoint: The directory Flightgear/data/Models/ is the place where all shared models from the FG Scenery Database are saved and as your universe of own models grows, you might confuse both.
b) You can also save your own models in an other subdirectory like Flightgear/data/mymodels (or any other name). Or if they are shared models which have only one fixed position, like the KSFO terminal, you can save them in the respective subdirectory of the Scenery folder, e.g. Flightgear/data/Scenery/Objects/w130n30/w123n37/mymodels (or directly in w123n37). To browse objects anywhere on your computer, press l when using the UFO.
If creating your own object, make sure it is the correct size! In Blender, units are meters and the Caliper script may help. Note that you should not use Google Earth to determine the correct size. See here and here.
Selecting the ufo
Placing objects with UFO html m49fbed81.jpg
Now start Flightgear, and choose UFO as your aircraft.
Placing objects
Once Flightgear has been started, fly with the UFO to the place you want the model to be positioned.
Note that you should not use Google Earth to determine the correct position due to licensing problems. See here and here.
Placing objects with UFO html 5fa8d7b1.jpg
Let's say we want to position the catii-iii.xml object at the end of a taxiway. We stop the UFO just above this intersection and press the space key, a Select Model window will open up where the contents of the Flightgear/data/Models/ directory will be shown (or press "L" and you can go to any desired directory). Select your model from this list, then close the window. The selected model path/name will be display in green text at the bottom left of the FlightGear screen.
Placing objects with UFO html m184fb381.jpg
To place the object, simply left-click on the position that you want to place it. By default it is placed completely horizontal and rotated to point North. It will probably not have the correct orientation and it will be partly covered by the surrounding terrain, but we can adjust that.
Placing objects with UFO html 12ee70a1.jpg
Rotating objects
Fly closer to the ground with the UFO, so that you can see it better.
Now press TAB (or Ctrl-I), and use the resulting sliders to adjust the latitude/longitude/elevation/heading of the model. NB: "Pitch" and "roll" will not be saved, so using them might be fun, but won't help eventually.
Placing objects with UFO html 439816e9.jpg
See the UFO from the 'White Project' of the UNESCO page for more information on the UFO command keys and exported file locations, or press ? while in FlightGear.
Deleting objects
There are three different ways to three different situations in which which you want to delete an object:
You want to delete the last object that you placed in this session:
Press the backspace button.
You want to delete an object that you placed in this session, but you have placed one or two models after it:
That means that it is no longer active. Activate it by placing one more model on the object you want to delete, press the backspace button. Result: The model you want to delete starts blinking, which tells you that it is active.
You want to delete an obkect that is already saved in the corresponding .stg file and you don't know where it is:
You don't know the filename: The model you want to delete is probably a shared model. You find it in the scenery database. Now you know the model's file name (e.g. generic_skyscraper_01.ac or Office26x22.xml).
You still need to know where you find it. Place any model on that building and press d to know in which file you find it (see Exporting the result below). If there are several objects of that type and you want to delete only one of them, find the one closest to the coordinates of your model placed on top.
Open the .stg file, delete the whole model entry (see Exporting the result below). Done.
Exporting the result
Now that the model is correctly positioned, press the D key to dump the model position data to the terminal. A few lines will be printed on the console, providing the necessary orientation data.
Placing objects with UFO html m4cf0cbf7.jpg
The most important lines are the last ones:
# e000n50/e008n50/_PHONE_.stg
OBJECT_SHARED Models/Tabu/catii-iii.xml 8.57928135 50.03667992 _PHONE_ 111.1
The first line identified the location of the scenery file for the object. The OBJECT_SHARED line indicates the objects name, longitude, latitude, altitude and orientation. This can be read by FlightGear itself and can be (submitted) to the FlightGear Scenery Object Database.
You can also save these coordinates into your own scenery file so that your changes will not be lost the next time you start FlightGear.
Saving the changes to your scenery
In the terminal window, you get three sections printed out by the UFO with very detailed information about what's going on. We need the lines at the end.
As noted above, the UFO helpfully exports the name of the scenery file where the object's coordinates have to be saved. In our example
e000n50/e008n50/_PHONE_.stg
The default location for scenery files is Flightgear/data/Scenery/Objects/. Simply open the referenced .stg file, add the OBJECT_SHARED line to the bottom and save the file. Now you have your object's position saved, and it will appear inside the scenery every time you start Flightgear!
In our example we would open _PHONE_.stg in Flightgear/data/Scenery/Objects/e000n50/e008n50/ and add the following line.
OBJECT_SHARED Models/Tabu/catii-iii.xml 8.57928135 50.03667992 _PHONE_ 111.1
Saving to XML
Alternatively, if you press the e key while developing scenery with Ufo, fgfs will generate an xml file with the dump of your current work in a "ufo-model-export.xml" file.
Under unix the file is saved to ~/.fgfs and under windows it is saved to %APPDATA%\flightgear.org
You can later reload this XML file with --config= command-line parameter:
Example for Linux:
fgfs --config=$HOME/.fgfs/ufo-model-export.xml
While flying UFO, press ? for details about these and other commands.


text:
In recent years, many legal services organisations have developed innovative ways for using legal processes to help disadvantaged groups have more secure rights over their land. The approaches, tools and methods used vary widely across contexts - from legal literacy training to paralegals programmes; from participatory methodologies to helping local groups register their lands or negotiate with government or the private sector, through to legal representation and strategic use of public interest litigation.
While some of this experience has been documented, much of it has not. Only a very limited part of this experience has fed into international debates, and there have been few opportunities for lesson-sharing and cross-fertilisation among practitioners.
In March 2008, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN, the International Institute for Environment and Development, and the Faculty of Law of the University of Ghana jointly organised an international workshop to promote exchange of experience among practitioners. Over the two days of the workshop, some 25 practitioners from different parts of Africa, together with a few practitioners and researchers from international institutions and from Europe, shared lessons and learned from each others' experiences with legal empowerment. This report captures the highlights of workshop discussions.
More information here:
Download complete text in PDF format (1,473k) from _URL_


text:
The diffusion of single n-butane and n-decane molecules on a model stepped surface, Pt(655), and on a corresponding flat surface, Pt(111), is investigated using molecular-dynamics simulations and anisotropic united atom model. The surface step on Pt(655) causes the alkane molecules to adsorb on the lower terrace in all-trans conformations with their long molecular axes adjacent and parallel to the step edge, and to diffuse anisotropically along the surface step via a constant wiggly motion without rotation or marked deviation from the parallel adsorption configuration. At relatively high temperatures, the alkane molecules can temporarily break away from the step edge but cannot migrate across the step edge in either the downstair or upstair direction. In comparison with the diffusion on Pt(111), the diffusivity of n-decane is reduced by the surface step but its diffusion barrier is hardly affected. In the case of the shorter n-butane, however, the surface step significantly reduces the diffusion energy barrier and gives rise to higher diffusion coefficients at lower temperatures. Important implications of the simulation results are discussed.
S. Subramaniyan and J. Wang, "Anisotropic Diffusion of n-Butane and n-Decane on a Stepped Surface," Journal of Chemical Physics, American Institute of Physics (AIP), Jan 2005.
The definitive version is available at _URL_
Chemical and Biochemical Engineering
Missouri Research Board
Keywords and Phrases
Surface Diffusion; Adsorption; Molecular dynamics -- Simulation method; Organic compounds; Platinum
International Standard Serial Number (ISSN)
Article - Journal
© 2005 American Institute of Physics (AIP), All rights reserved.
01 Jan 2005