text:
Estadio Centenario Stadium in Montevideo was born when FIFA assigned the first World Cup football championship to Uruguay. An adequate venue was missing to host this important event. The Uruguayan delegation was engaged in the building of a gigantic stadium that could hold 100,000 spectators. The entire tournament had to be played in this stadium! Works had to start right away. Within a year the tournament would start!
The stadium was designed by architects Juan Antonio Scasso and José Domato. The initial project consisted of four sectors built in an elliptical shape. If followed a strict geometrical order and was designed to include an athletics track. The different sectors were characterized by a geometrical continuity and by an equal distance to the centre of the playing field. However, it turned out impossible to complete the stadium with three levels of tiers. Therefore, the initial project was modified and the third ring was remodelled. It got built on one sector of the stadium only. Base areas with standing room were added below the tribunes and therefore the athletics track could not be built anymore. The capacity of remodelled stadium dropped to 70 000.
The first World Cup tournament was set to start on July 13th, 1930. Construction of the stadium was finished only 5 days later. Therefore, the first opening match in World Cup's history was relocated to Pocitos Stadium, a small stadium that belonged to a local football club named Peñarol. The new stadium was named 'Centenario' to celebrate the first century of Uruguay's independency. At that time, the stadium was very modern and functional. It had two levels of tiers, three sections with base areas, and a main tribune with three levels of tiers. On the latter, a tower of 100 meters (328 feet) was built, symbol of the monumental project. On top of the tower, the winning country's flag of the World Cup tournament flew.
In successive years, the stadium was enlarged several times. A third ring of tiers was built on two other sections of the stadiums (the ones behind the goals). During the seventies, the stadium could hold a capacity of 90 000 spectators. During these years, a school and museum on football were opened under the tribunes of the stadium.
Today the stadium contains several stands and it has a capacity of almost 74 000, mostly seating. It is also used for other events. In recent history, for example, it often served as the arrival of the 'Vuelta Ciclista', a cycling competition in Uruguay. Of course, the Centenario Stadium will always be famous for its history as the first stadium to have hosted a World Cup final.
© by Angelo Spampinato


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Make NEXT_DAY() independent of the invoking session's NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE
mathguy
mathguy Member Posts: 10,674 Blue Diamond
edited Mar 10, 2017 10:54AM in SQL & PL/SQL
The function NEXT_DAY() takes two arguments. The first argument is a date and the second is a string expression, the name of a "day of the week". For example, if the second argument is 'Tuesday', the function will return the earliest date that is a Tuesday and is strictly later than the first argument. The "day of the week" argument must be in the NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE of the session in which the function is invoked. So, for example, if I ALTER SESSION to set the NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE to 'German' or 'French', I will get an error message if I use NEXT_DAY(..., 'Tuesday').
_URL_
Note (irrelevant for this discussion): only the first three letters in the day name are relevant, the rest is ignored so it can be garbage; I could use 'Tuemathguy' and the function would work OK in English. "Three" letters is for English; whatever the correct number of letters in the abbreviation of day-of-the-week names in the NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE is the relevant number of letters for the NEXT_DAY() function.
Unfortunately, unlike many other functions that have to do with dates, NEXT_DAY() does not take an argument for NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE. So a query that uses NEXT_DAY() will require a hack, if it is meant to be run in different locations and we don't want to ask the invoker to alter their session to set their NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE to a fixed value, such as 'English'.
I can think of two such hacks, but I don't like them. Question: Is there a better way? Of course, it would be best if Oracle would allow a third argument for nlsparam, as they do for other functions...
The hacks are: (1) we can take a known date for the desired day of the week, and use to_char(that_date, 'Day') as the second argument to NEXT_DAY(); (2) similarly, instead of using a hard-coded date that is known to be a certain day of the week, we can instead truncate SYSDATE to a Monday, using the 'iw' format model, and then add whatever number we need to get the desired day of the week. Both hacks use the fact that TO_CHAR() returns the name of the day in the NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE of the invoking session. Often we want to override that by specifying NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE explicitly in the function call, but in this case we want just the opposite.
In the illustrations below, I want to find the first Tuesday in August 2017. (Remember, that means I must apply NEXT_DAY() to the date preceding 2017-08-01, because NEXT_DAY() returns a date strictly greater than the first argument. To indicate that very clearly, I will not write 2017-07-31, but I will instead subtract 1 from 2017-08-01.)
SQL> alter session set nls_date_format = 'yyyy-mm-dd';
SQL> alter session set nls_date_language = 'English';SQL> select next_day(date '2017-08-01' - 1, 'Tuesday') as next_tue from dual;NEXT_TUE
----------
2017-08-01
OK, so far we know that 2017-08-01 will be a Tuesday. We can and will use this later. (Any other date that is known beforehand to be a Tuesday would work just as well.)
Now let's change the session's date language to German and try to run the same query. It should fail, and it does.
SQL> alter session set nls_date_language = 'German';SQL> select next_day(date '2017-08-01' - 1, 'Tuesday') as next_tue from dual;
select next_day(date '2017-08-01' - 1, 'Tuesday') as next_tue from dual *
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01846: Kein gültiger Wochentag
OK, so let's use the date we know to be a Tuesday, and see what they call it in German. We can use that in our query (but, again, it will be hard-coded, just in a different language - German instead of English).
SQL> select to_char(date '2017-08-01', 'Day') from dual;TO_CHAR(DA
----------
DienstagSQL> select next_day(date '2017-08-01' - 1, 'Dienstag') as next_tue from dual;NEXT_TUE
----------
2017-08-01
Alright, now let's try the first hack. The query below is independent of the session NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE, but it hard-codes a date known to be a Tuesday. Still not very satisfying.
SQL> select next_day(date '2017-08-01' - 1, to_char(date '2017-08-01', 'Day')) as next_tue from dual;NEXT_TUE
----------
2017-08-01
Let's test the second hack. First we truncate any date to a Monday, using the 'iw' format model; we add whatever number (1 in this case) to get a Tuesday, and we use TO_CHAR() to get the name of Tuesday in German. Then we pass this value to NEXT_DAY() to make the query independent of NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE. This seems better, as it doesn't require advance knowledge of anything - but it's a lot of work for something that should be much easier. Certainly, if we needed to do this on many rows in a query, we would compute the translation of "Tuesday" in a subquery so we wouldn't have to perform the same computation once for every input row.
SQL> select next_day(date '2017-08-01' - 1, to_char(trunc(sysdate, 'iw') + 1, 'Day')) as next_tue from dual;NEXT_TUE
----------
2017-08-01
Let's change the NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE to French and test a little more.
SQL> alter session set nls_date_language = 'French';SQL> select to_char(trunc(sysdate, 'iw') + 1, 'Day') as french_tue from dual;FRENCH_TUE
----------
MardiSQL> select next_day(date '2017-08-01' - 1, to_char(trunc(sysdate, 'iw') + 1, 'Day')) as next_tue from dual;NEXT_TUE
----------
2017-08-01
User_ZUUODWilliam RobertsonMarwim
«134
Answers
 - Unknown
 edited Mar 6, 2017 8:42PM
 So, for example, if I ALTER SESSION to set the NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE to 'German' or 'French', I will get an error message if I use NEXT_DAY(..., 'Tuesday').
 And the OBVIOUS question is why you are changing your language to german if you want to use english for your functions?
 I can think of two such hacks, but I don't like them. Question: Is there a better way? Of course, it would be best if Oracle would allow a third argument for nlsparam , as they do for other functions...
 Why not use a third 'hack' and write your own function to wrap Oracle's. Then you can pass that third argument and have your function:
 1. alter the session to the needed setting
 2. call Oracle's function
 3. alter the sessin setting back
 Or take the 'slow boat to china' and submit an enhancement request to Oracle!
 - mathguy
 mathguy Member Posts: 10,674 Blue Diamond
 edited Mar 6, 2017 8:55PM
 I don't want to use English for my function, I want the query I write to run without changes (and without requiring the user to change their NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE to English before running the query) in a multi-lingual organization. I change my session's setting only for testing purposes. Imagine the same query must run across my organization, and we have offices in New Zealand, France and Germany. How do I write the query without hard-coding 'Tuesday' anywhere?
 Of course I could write a function; I am not sure if I can change session settings in


text:
Quakes change the face of ChristchurchGreater Christchurch Regeneration
The Christchurch earthquakes have had a significant impact on the make-up and distribution of people in Canterbury, Minister supporting Greater Christchurch Regeneration Nicky Wagner says.
The latest Greater Christchurch Dashboard — Population looks at changes in the resident population, including cultural diversity.
"As many of us who live in the region have seen first-hand, there's been a significant population shift from Christchurch City to the neighbouring Selwyn and Waimakariri districts," Ms Wagner says.
"And while that's been well documented, the key is understanding how changing population trends and projected growth affect long-term planning for greater Christchurch.
"The Urban Development Indicators report and recent Greater Christchurch Monitoring Report both utilise population data to contribute to and inform long-term planning around land use, housing, consents and transport.
"The central city population is still well below 2010 levels but projects such as the East Frame, the Margaret Mahy Family Playground, the bourgeoning Retail Precinct and Te Papa Ōtākaro/Avon River Precinct all make the central city an increasingly attractive place to live, work and play.
"Greater Christchurch is also more ethnically diverse than it once was, with people from all over the world, particularly Ireland and the Philippines, as well as more Maori and Pacific people.
"And while many places around the country are in the midst of a 'man drought', Christchurch has almost 6000 more young men aged 20-29 than women of the same age."
Note: The Greater Christchurch Dashboard — Population is attached.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


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Home Pixel Binning, Decimation (pixel skipping), Gamma and Digital Shift explained
Pixel Binning, Decimation (pixel skipping), Gamma and Digital Shift explained
Pixel Binning, Decimation (pixel skipping), Gamma and Digital Shift explained
Pixel binning and Decimation are advanced camera features that are available on a selected cameras. To check if this feature is available for your camera, open the framerate calculator as explained in this article _URL_ and check if you have the BinningHorizontal, BinningVertical, DecimationHorizontal and DecimationVertical field visible in the framerate calculator for your camera model.
Pixel binning is used to increase light sensitivity and reduce image resolution.
Decimation, also known as pixel skipping is used to reduce the image resolution while not changing the size of the field of view.
PIXEL BINNING
Pixel binning is used to increase light sensitivity and reduce the image resolution. When setting the camera in pixel binning mode, multiple pixels are joined together to make one larger pixel area which therefore gathers more light. When capturing moving objects, in binning mode you can reduce the exposure to avoid motion blur. Furthermore, you can capture better images in dark environments.
The cameras Pixel binning mode reduces the effective resolution of the camera sensor as it combines the data of several pixel into 1. Using 2x binning you combine 2x2 pixels to 1 pixel. The resolution will be reduced by a factor 4. Using 4x binning you combine 4x4 pixels to 1 pixel. The resolution will be reduced with a factor 16. As example we take a 12MP camera. The camera has a resolution of 4096x3000 pixels.
In 2x2 binning mode the output resolution is 2048x1500pixels = 3MP
In 4x4 binning mode, the output resolution is 1024x750pixels = 0.78MP
In some cases, the camera framerate will increase when using Binning mode.

When opening the frame rate calculator, you see that the default value for Binning is 1, meaning no binning. You can also select 2- or 4-times binning. If you select 2- or 4-times binning, you need to update the Width and Height of the camera as it will be reduced. The software will warn you to change this parameter to calculate the correct FPS output, see image below.

As the warning message tells us , first the width and height need to be corrected to see the correct FPS output. In the image below we have reduced the width and height by a factor 4 and the warning message is gone, and we have the new framerate of the camera in binning mode.

As the FPGA (processor) in the camera, still needs to read all pixels from the image sensor, before combining pixels together, we do not see an increase in framerate. However, some image sensors have the binning feature built in and in that case you can see an increase in framerate.
When we want to have a # pixel per mm, we need to consider that we will cover this area with the full sensor resolution, or with the new reduced (binned) resolution.
Example If our area is 1000*750mm without binning, we can cover with the full sensor resolution such as 4096*3000. If we do this in binned mode (4), we will cover it with 1024*750 pixels. In the first situation we will have 4x more pixels per mm resolution, in the second case we have 4x more light per pixel but 4x less pixels per mm.
DECIMATION / PIXEL SKIPPING
Decimation is used to reduce the image resolution while maintaining the field of view. A typical application is having live view of the lower resolution image to reduce camera bandwidth and increase framerate. On the moment you want to capture the image you will disable decimation and you will capture the image with its full resolution.
In decimation mode, every second pixel (2x decimation) or every second, third and fourth pixel (4x binning) is discarded. As a result, you reduce the image resolution by a factor 4 or a factor 16. As example we take again the 12MP camera.
The camera has a resolution of 4096x3000 pixels.
In 2x2 decimation mode the output resolution is 2048x1500pixels = 3MP
In 4x4 decimation mode, the output resolution is 1024x750pixels = 0.78MP
Contrarily to the Region of Interest (ROI), decimation does not affect the field of view.
Depending on camera model you may have an increase in FPS.
 Gamma
The camera feature 'Gamma' can be used on our advanced camera models and is commonly used to enhance the brightness of the images for the screen you are viewing the images on. Gamma correction is a nonlinear adaption applied to each pixel of an image. It is mostly used to convert the linear perception of a camera sensor to the non-linear perception of our eyes. A function is applied to every pixel of an image, where it corrects the greyscale value of it. There are three different ways the gamma value can affect the image brightness:
 - Gamma < 1, the image becomes brighter
 - Gamma = 1, the image remains unchanged
 - Gamma > 1, the image becomes darker
To change the gamma value, you first need to enable Gamma correction, then set the "GammaValue" to a value between 0 and 4 to change the brightness.
If you enable Gamma correction and the pixel format is set to 10-bit or 12-bit. Some image information will be lost. If the gamma feature is required without image information loss, avoid using this feature in 10-bit or 12-bit pixel format.
Be aware that not every camera supports this feature. The ones that do are listed below:
MER2-502-79U3M/C MER2-2000-19U3M/C(-L) MER2-231-41GM/C MER2-503-23GM/C
MER2-041-302GC/M MER2-160-75GC/M MER2-1220-9GM/C MER2-630-18GM/C
MER2-503-23GM/C-P MER2-231-41GM/C-P MER2-041-302GC/M-P MER2-160-75GC/M-P
MER2-503-23GM-P POL MER2-1220-9GM/C-P MER2-630-18GM/C-P ME2P-1230-23U3M/C
ME2P-2621-15U3C ME2P-560-21GM/C-P ME2P-900-13GM/C-P ME2P-1840-6GM/C-P
ME2P-2621-4GM/C-P VEN-161-61U3C-(M01/M05/M06) VEN-505-36U3C-(M01/M05/M06) VEN-830-22U3C-(M01/M05/M06)
The maximum pixel value Rmax equals 255 for 8-bit pixel formats, 1023 for 10-bit pixel formats.
Digital Shift
The camera feature 'digital shift' can be used on our advanced camera models and is commonly used to enhance the brightness of the images by increasing every pixel's brightness individually by 'shifting' the binary values to the left. Setting the digital shift value to n results in a logical left shift by n on all pixel values. This has the effect of multiplying every pixel value by 2n. This will result in a brighter image, but will also increase the noise.
If the resulting pixel value is greater than the maximum value possible for the current pixel format, it is set to the maximum value.
To configure the digital shift factor, change the value of the "DigitalShift" parameter.
Not every model supports this feature. If your model doesn't support it, you can change the gain value to get a similar effect.
Example for digital shift of 1 and a 12-bit image.
Cameras that support Digital Shift:
MER2-041-436U3M/C(-L) MER2-160-227U3M/C(-L) MER2-231-41U3M/C(-L) MER2-502-79U3M/C(-L)
MER2-503-36U3M/C(-L) MER2-503-36U3M POL MER2-231-41GM/C MER2-503-23GM/C
MER2-2000-6GM/C MER2-041-302GC/M MER2-160-75GC/M MER2-1220-9GM/C
MER2-630-18GM/C MER2-2000-6GM/C-P MER2-503-23GM/C-P MER2-231-41GM/C-P
MER2-041-302GC/M-P MER2-160-75GC/M-P MER2


text:
History of King's Highway 49 (#2):
King's Highway 49 is a minor collector highway which once connected Picton and Prince Edward County with Highway 401 east of Belleville. Only one short section of this highway now remains near Deseronto, because the highway was almost completely downloaded in 1998. Despite the downloading, Highway 49 still forms an important highway link between Prince Edward County and the mainland. Only two other bridges link to Prince Edward County. The other two bridges are located on Highway 62 near Belleville and Highway 33 south of Trenton.
Highway 49 was first established in 1966, when a new highway link was established between Prince Edward County and the mainland. The discontinuous southern section of Highway 41 from Picton to Coles Wharf was renumbered as Highway 49. With the completion of the Quinte Skyway on September 6, 1967, a direct connection between Picton and Highway 401 was put into service. The route of Highway 49 did not change until 1998, when most sections of the highway were lost to downloading. The Ontario Government retained ownership of the Quinte Skyway and the section of Highway 49 lying within the Tyendinaga Mohawk Territory near Deseronto. The rest of the highway was downloaded, and is now known as Prince Edward Road 49 and Hastings Road 15. Highway 49 is now only 6.1 km long, and no longer connects to any other provincial highways.
Highway 49 traverses a predominantly rural portion of Eastern Ontario. The only major towns located along the original highway are Picton and Deseronto. Services are available in most communities along the highway. Most sections of Highway 49 are two lanes, but passing lanes appear occasionally along the highway. There are no tolls for vehicles using the Quinte Skyway. The speed limit on Highway 49 is 80 km/h (50 mph), unless posted otherwise. Please visit the Highway 49 Mileage Chart page for a list of mileage reference points along Highway 49.
Additional Information About King's Highway 49:
Learn More About King's Highway 49 (My Upcoming Publications)


Roommate Agreement FAQ
The Roommate Agreement (Top)
Q: What is a roommate agreement?
A: A roommate agreement is a contract made between the residents of a rental unit. The agreement outlines the terms, conditions and responsibilities agreed to by each of the residents. Roommate agreements are sometimes referred to as roommate contracts. LawDepot provides a written roommate agreement.
Q: What is addressed in a roommate agreement?
A: Roommate agreements typically address the following:
 - date of agreement;
 - names of roommates;
 - address of property;
 - portion of rent and security deposit to be paid by each roommate;
 - portion of utilities to be paid by each roommate;
 - house rules;
 - household duties and restrictions;
 - particulars on how the tenancy can be terminated; and
 - any other terms that the roommates think are appropriate.
Q: Why do I need a written roommate agreement?
A: Roommates can make lots of informal agreements about splitting rent, sharing chores, and paying bills. However, oral agreements are too easily forgotten or misinterpreted. It is better to put your understandings in writing.
The greatest value of writing a Roommate Agreement is that it forces you and your roommates to take your co-tenancy responsibilities seriously. The more you can anticipate potential problems, the better prepared you'll be to handle disputes that arise. Before you move in, it is a good idea to sit down with your roommates and create an agreement that is tailored to meet your needs.
Q: How is a roommate agreement different from the lease my roommates and I have with our landlord?
A: A lease is a legal contract between a landlord and one or more tenants. The landlord can look to one or all of the tenants on the lease, for payment of rent. If there is more than one tenant on the lease then all of them are jointly and severally liable for rent and other charges stated in the lease. If one tenant moves out, the remaining
tenant(s) are still obligated to honor the lease for the duration of its term.
In contrast, a roommate agreement is a contract made between the residents of a rental unit. The agreement outlines the terms, conditions and responsibilities agreed to by each of the residents in relation to how they share space, and how they divide rent and other expenses. The roommate agreement is not binding on the landlord.
Rent Information (Top)
Q: How should rent be divided?
A: Roommates may decide to split the rent equally or unequally, depending on their personal wishes. Landlords often insist on receiving one rent check for the entire rent as they usually don't want to be bothered with multiple checks from co-tenants. It may be a good idea to designate one roommate as the person to whom other roommates pay rent each month and then he/she signs the full check for the landlord.
Security Deposit Information (Top)
Q: What is a security deposit?
A: A security deposit is a sum of money the tenant pays to the landlord to guarantee that the tenant will fulfill all obligations under the lease. The landlord holds the security deposit for the term of the lease to ensure that the tenant does not default on the terms of the lease or otherwise damage the property. Should the tenant damage the property (normal "wear and tear" excluded) or if the tenant has not paid rent, the landlord is entitled to recoup the debt from the security deposit. Usually the tenant must provide the landlord with the security deposit at the start of the lease. At the end of the term, the tenant will receive the deposit back minus any deductions for repairs/restoration.
Q: How should the costs of the security deposit be divided?
A: Generally, roommates split the security deposit when they pay it at the start, and get it back when they move out. But what if one roommate moves out before the lease is up? The landlord is not required to return the security deposit for the apartment until all tenants vacate. One common solution is to have the new roommate pay the departing roommate his or her share of the security deposit. If the departing roommate caused some damage to the apartment, then the new roommate should deduct the cost of that damage from the amount paid.
Utility Information (Top)
Q: How should utility costs be divided?
A: As with the rent payments, roommates need to agree between themselves how the utilities will be paid each month. Some important questions you and your roommates may want to consider include:
 - Whose name will each utility bill will be in?
 - Who is responsible for the payment to the utility company?
 - If some roommates have cell phones, will they still have access to a household phone?
 - If some roommates do not use a certain utility, will they still be responsible for paying for it?
House Rules, Duties and Restrictions (Top)
Q: How should roommates address smoking?
A: If smoking will not be allowed in the residence, consider acceptable smoking areas for residents or guests who do smoke (e.g. on the balcony, on the porch, in the backyard).
What if, when smoking outside, the smoke drifts inside and leaves a smell in the residence anyway? What if the smoking area becomes crowded and makes it difficult for people to enter or exit the residence? Consider potential difficulties in advance where possible.
Q: How should roommates address parties?
A: Roommates may wish to consider the following:
 - What is considered a "party" and what is an informal gathering? If a roommate brings a couple of friends over late at night and they drink for a couple of hours, is it considered a party? Should it be allowed?
 - When are parties allowed (e.g. anytime, weekends only) and what arrangements must be made in advance with other roommates?
 - Is there an established guest list for the party/gathering?
 - Who will clean up after the party and when should the cleanup be completed?
Q: How should roommates address noise?
A: Decide before you move in when the "quiet hours" will be - at what time will the TV and stereo have to be turned down (e.g. 10 p.m. weeknights; midnight on weekends)? Also, decide on a time for quiet hours to end in the morning (e.g. 8 a.m. weekdays; 10 a.m. weekends).
Q: How should roommates address overnight guests?
A: Roommates may wish to consider the following:
 - If allowed to stay over, where will guests sleep?
 - How much notice is needed before a guest stays overnight?
 - If you only have one living room couch, and two guests on the same night, how do you reserve it?
 - How many nights of sleepover is too long a stay?
Q: How should roommates address unwanted guests?
A: Roommates may wish to consider the following:
 - If a roommate has a friend or other individual visiting regularly, and this person is unpleasant, rude or abusive to the other roommates, should they have the right to request that the host roommate only see this person outside of the premises, thereby minimizing unwanted exposure of the other roommates to this individual? If so, should they do it by a vote or a face to face meeting with the host roommate?
 - What about a friend who consistently visits and, although not staying overnight, stays for dinner a lot and eats a lot of the residence food? Should specific limits be set on dinner guests?
Q: How should roommates address food?
A: Roommates may wish to consider the following:
 - Will you share food expenses or will each resident be responsible for him/herself?
 - How will you share responsibilities for cooking and shopping?
 - How will you know whose food is whose?
Q: How should roommates address security?
A: Roommates may wish to consider the following:
 - Should doors be locked at night or when no one is home?
 - Where will you keep an extra key?
 - Should anyone besides the roommates have a key or know about the extra key?
Q: How should roommates address personal property?
A: Roommates may wish to consider the following:
 - Can personal items such as stereos, TV's, kitchen equipment, bikes, and motor vehicles be shared?
 - Can roommates borrow each other's clothes, books, CD's, etc? Must they get permission each time?
Q: How should roommates address cleaning/maintenance?
A: Roommates may wish to consider the following:
 - How clean will you keep the apartment?
 - Who is responsible for which household chores?
 - When should those chores be done?
Q: Should you get your landlord's permision to have a pet?
A: Your lease may specify whether pets are permitted on the property. If the lease is silent on pets, it is best to first seek your landlord's permission before getting a pet. Where pets are allowed, you should agree in writing to compensate the landlord for any damage caused including cleaning, insect/flea and/or odor removal on leaving.
Q: How should roommates address computer usage?
A: Roommates may wish to consider the following:
 - Should there be a time limit on how long a roommate can use the computer (not using it for hours at a time)?
 - Should there be a request that roommates not use the computer for certain activities or to visit certain sites?
 - If a roommate has the computer in his/her bedroom, does he/she mind if other roommates go into the room to use the computer?
Q: How should roommates address television usage?
A: Roommates may wish to consider the following:
 - Should television usage be agreed upon


text:
Germination of Jacaranda mimosifolia (D. Don - Bignoniaceae) seeds: effects of light, temperature and water stress.
The effects and interactions of temperature (10-40°C), light and water stress (-0.3, -0.6 or -0.9 MPa) on germination of J. mimosifolia seeds collected in Sao Paulo, Brazil, were studied. Germination percentage and rate were highest at 25°C, but differences between the 20, 25 and 30°C treatments were not significant. No seeds germinated at 10°C. White light slightly enhanced germination at temperatures ranging from 20 to 35°C (compared with seeds in the dark), indicating the possible role of phytochrome B in the control of seed germination in this species. Germination percentage and rate decreased as water stress increased from 0 to -0.9 MPa at all 3 temperatures tested (20, 25 and 30°C). Light increased percentage germination in seeds at -0.3 and -0.6 MPa at all temperatures, but had no effect at -0.9 MPa where germination was low or nil at all temperatures, with or without light.


text:
Status: Active Town
Current Population: 2,178
Peak Population: 4,000
Elevation: 1,477 Feet
Primary Mineral: Gold
From a sign in town:
Jamestown - Gateway to the Southern Mines
Founded in 1848, one mile from the first gold find in Tuolumne County, at Woods Crossing.
Arriving in 1849, Col. George F. James, a merchant popular for supplying free champagne to patrons, was elected Alcalde, and the town was dubbed "Jamestown".
Poor mining investments indebted him and he quietly left town. Angry miners changed the name of the town to "American Camp". Eventually, "Jamestown" was restored.
Jamestown's population was approximately 4,000, before the devastating fire of October, 1885.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


co1numpp- "Number" property of pins and pads
create counter
The number (not name) of a pin or a pad is at the heart of how parts of KiCad work… although the name is important in some contexts.
Be careful to keep these two properties apart.
You may also find times when you are confusing a schematic symbol or footprint's name with a pin or pad name/ net name.
Each pin of a schematic symbol has a "number", which is the identifier which links it to a pad of a footprint on the final PCB design.
Each pad of a footprint (also known as "a module") has a "number", which is the identifier which links it to a pin of a schematic symbol on the project's circuit diagram in "ordinary" situations. (It is only when you using power ports and invisible pins that things get a little complicated.)
Pin and pad numbers may be numbers in the usual sense, e.g.1, 27, 9999. However, the "numbers" can have letters in them, too, not just digits. "Vcc" is the "number" of an invisible pin on some devices, for instance. Nothing other than letters and digits should be used in a pin or pad number.
(Each pin also has a name, and each pad has a net name, but these are used for other things.)
Invisible pins offer a little challenge. What is their number (and name)? Often you will "just know". There is help with how to find the pin number (and name) at the invisible pins page in this encyclopedia.
Pin/ pad number rules….
(You'll need this information when making your own schematic symbols and footprints, and even before that you may find things here useful.)
Maximum length: Four characters.
If you try to assign a longer name, KiCad just abbreviates what you've used.
(Minimum length: While the schematic symbol editor will let you make a pin with no number, this seems like a Very Bad Idea to me, and I have no idea why you would want to create such a pin, and the fact that you can do it at all puzzles me. (I should go back and re-run the tests which made me think it is possible!) Pins without names is a different matter. They do occur.)
Spaces: The eeSchema manual says "Avoid spaces in pin numbers and names". This would imply that you would also not want to use spaces in pad numbers.


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A Labor Government will provide at least $11 million from the $200 million Urban Rivers and Catchments Program to support key projects across South-East Queensland.
Of that amount, $3 million will support the work of Ipswich City Council for flood recovery and resilience projects along the Bremer River and its tributaries.
This project will improve water quality, riparian corridor conditions, streambank stability, and enhance the terrestrial and aquatic habitat conditions of the river and its surrounding catchments.
It will also increase resilience of the catchment to flood impacts, access to natural areas and waterways and provide educational opportunities for schools and groups.
Labor's previously announced $200 million urban rivers and catchments investment will fund projects across the country to restore urban river systems, catchments, and wetlands.
Fixing up waterways and the catchment areas around them will improve water quality, will help improve habitat for animals, and deliver positive outcomes for nature and communities.
Only a Labor Government will restore Australia's urban rivers and catchments.


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Seen a Dolphin in the Thames? Story behind the lamps on the Thames Embankment
Many capital cities around the world have a river running through them. However, when it comes to the Thames, one thing that makes it so recognisable is the striking Victorian lamps lining the Embankment. The street lighting in question are called the 'Dolphin lamps', but actually appear to be sturgeon fish.
Prior to Victorian times, the Thames was a lot wider in the centre of town, but was slimmed down by the building of the Victoria Embankment on the north side in the late 19th century. Sir Joseph Bazelgette came up with a scheme to reclaim some 22 acres of marshland and built a new road and sewage system for the rapidly expanding capital. While this transformed the city, it also meant many riverside buildings were demolished, such as York House. Building of the Victoria and Chelsea Embankment meant Londoners had somewhere new to stroll beside the river so of course, some attractive new street lighting would be required.
Step forward George John Vulliamy, the Superintending Architect of the Metropolitan Board of Works, who created the unique riverside lamps built into the retaining river wall in 1870. Many different designs were submitted, including one by Bazelgette, however Vulliamy's designs were chosen for the centre of town. The cast-iron lamps featured two sturgeons with their bodies wrapped around the lamp column. Facing the Embankment, the face of Neptune peered out with the year 1870 inscribed underneath him. Vulliamy was said to have been inspired by the dolphin sculptures on the Fontana del Nettuno in Rome's Piazza del Popolo during his extensive travels around Europe. As well as the lamps, Vulliamy also designed the pedestals and sphinxes for Cleopatra's Needle – the ancient Egyptian obelisk gifted to London by Egypt in 1819.
For decades, these lamps only stood on the Victoria Embankment. However, in 1977, city authorities decided to create replicas on the opposite Albert Embankment on the Southbank to commemorate the Queen's Silver Jubilee. Instead of the year underneath Neptune on the Victoria Embankment, 'EIIR' was inscribed to mark Queen Elizabeth II.
For another blog post on the history behind the City Of Westminster's 'Coco Chanel' lampposts, read Can lampposts be fashionable? The myth of the Coco Chanel street lights or to find about one of the rare surviving pieces of the houses destroyed to make way for the Victoria Embankment, read Who moved the Thames? York Water Gate at Embankment Gardens.
Posted on 25 February 2013, in Architecture, History, London and tagged Albert Embankment, Dolphins, George Vulliamy, london, River Thames, Southbank, Thames Embankment, Victoria Embankment. Bookmark the permalink. 6 Comments.


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jackdaws in snow
all our dreams
Comment: a haiku set in winter time (fuyu 冬), inspired by various Japanese woodblock printings such as Crow on Snowy Branch by Watanabe Seitei, Two crows in snow by Ito Sozan and Crows in Snow by Takahashi Biho. The dark plumage of the jackdaw (nishikokumarugarasu 西黒丸烏) stands in stark contrast to the whiteness of the snow (yuki 雪), making it clearly visible even at a distance. As underlined by the poet himself, 'jackdaws in a dream can mean positive things including finding love, and that's been a driving force in my life'; a positive symbol that can be shared by each reader, inscribed within classic aesthetic coordinates. Note the semivowel 'w' in line 1, which gives a sense of openness and softness to the opening ku, and the reiteration of the sound 'th' in the following verse, which effectively renders the sense of revelation underlying this poem.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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If you want to learn a cool easy effect in iMovie, the picture in picture effect is one of those. You know when you watch a news report and see a reporter talk about something going on in the world. Well the majority of the time, you'll see either a picture or video of that event on part of the screen. That's basically what the picture in picture effect does. It adds a video or picture over the top of another video so that they can both be played and seen at the same time.
You're probably thinking that the picture in picture effect must be difficult to achieve in a basic editing program like iMovie. Well guess what? You're in luck! It's super easy and this iMovie picture in picture tutorial video will show you exactly what I mean.
iMovie Picture in Picture Tutorial Video
Now that you've watched this video you should be ready to add the picture in picture effect to any video you create. That is if it needs it of course. Here's a recap of the steps to remember:
iMovie Picture in Picture Tutorial Steps
1. As always, start a new project.
2. Add a video or picture to your project.
3. Find another video or picture and drag it directly over the top of the first clip or picture you added to your project.
4. Select "Picture in Picture" in the list of options.
5. Make the proper adjustments to that clip. (Resize and move the clip or picture where you want it on the screen).
6. Finally, hit done.
Just like that you have learned how to use the picture in picture effect in iMovie. Don't be surprised either when you realize how much you use this effect for a variety of things in iMovie.


Fermilab's Search for Axions
img_lrg/axion_hunters.jpg not found
© Fermilab.
The GammeV experiment at Fermilab, shown here with two project scientists, is designed to detect axions. The experiment is an opportunistic use of a large magnet—the red rectangular object in the photograph—originally designed to be used in the Tevatron. The GammeV team realized that they could use the magnet to create axions, as it is theoretically possible for a photon from a laser beam in a strong magnetic field to turn into an axion. The scientists shine a green laser down the hollow center of the magnet and look for axions appearing at the other end of the experiment. (Unit: 10)


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The Drakoo operation sequence is as follows:
Firstly: an incoming wave increases the inlet chambers' water level, while, simultaneously, water is partly directed from the inlet to the outlet chamber, through the hydro turbine.
Secondly: once the water level outside the device falls, both chambers' water levels also fall, leading to a flow from the inlet to the outlet chamber and the outlet chamber to the outside environment.
Drakoo-B design also works in floating mode, verified in repeated prototype sea trials. Drakoo-B is designed with a modular concept and can be used to build a floating wave energy array where the 'Drakoo' units are joined by welding or Rigidfloat Rigid Pontoon Connectors. In waters with large tidal level changes, Drakoo-B is recommended to stay afloat to maintain constant draft for efficiency.
Drakoo can float on water by self-buoyancy or it can be attached to existing floating structures, including floating wind turbines, semi-submerged oil rigs, floating jetties or floating breakwaters. Furthermore, it can be integrated in offshore production platforms or ships to generate electricity for local consumption.


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This page includes the academic calendar for 2024-2025. The academic year, holidays celebrations, Academic year and Holidays are also accessible. Calendars can be printed and downloaded for a more detailed view. Learn more about Leap years. These tips should aid you in finding the perfect calendar for you. Be sure to review the article before download the calendar.
2024 will be leap years. Instead of 360 days the year 2024 will have 366. This will add one day to make up for the lost day. Leap years help align Earth's orbit around the sun by bringing the months closer to each other. This web site uses the Gregorian date. There are two crucial dates to keep in mind when you are looking for the 2024 calendar.
The 2024 calendar has holidays in the United States and other holidays around the globe. This calendar is available as PDF, Word, Excel, MS Word and MS Word formats. The origins of each holiday are also included. Download the calendar right now and have it printed for you. Knowing the dates for each holiday can help you plan for next year. This is a short guide to 2024's calendar holidays. Let's get started!
There are many reasons to celebrate 2024. There are plenty of reasons to celebrate. The queen Elizabeth II of Great Britain will be the longest reigning monarch since Louis XIV. UEFA Euro 2024 will be held in Germany. Mexico will hold its presidential election during July. The Summer Paralympics, however, will be held in Paris. The United States will experience a lunar eclipse on the 25th of March, 2019. In addition, the first solar eclipse in 2024 will be observed in the year 2024. Additionally, the complete solar eclipse can be seen in the Central Pacific Ocean in northern Mexico. In addition to the general elections in India of the new Prime Minister this year, we will also witness the halving of the Bitcoin value.
The academic year was earlier, and ran from September until the beginning of October. The new calendar could allow the new academic calendar to begin the month of August/September 2023 to end in the month of October/November 2024. The academic year 2024 will begin again in October or November. There should not be a significant pandemic. This cycle could repeat in subsequent years. In 2025 the academic year begins in January and will end in October.
Calendar of academics at UCSD
Important dates are highlighted in the UCSD academic calendar 2024. It provides dates for holidays, exams and other major campus activities. It's a great source to help you make plans for your studies and keep on top of campus happenings. Click here to open the UCSD academic calendar for 2024. A printable version of the calendar is available. The official UCSD calendar is available on the school's site.


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Tire and Car Contribution and Interaction to Low Frequency Interior Noise
A joint study was conducted between BMW and Goodyear with the objective of analysing the cause and identifying methods to reduce the structure-borne interior noise in a vehicle driving on rough road surfaces. A vibro-acoustic characterization of the car was performed by measuring the car vibro-acoustic transfer functions and by using a transfer path analysis technique to identify the main suspension parts affecting the interior noise at target frequencies. The vibration transmissibility characteristics of the tire were measured and also simulated by Finite Element in [1-200Hz] frequency range. The vibro-acoustic interaction between the tire and car sub-systems was examined. A Finite Element sensitivity analysis was used to define and build new prototype tires. A 3dB(A) interior noise improvement was obtained with these new tires at target frequencies.


How to Modify Windows Registry with VBS
Introduction
Editor's Note: Tom's Hardware is pretty heavily oriented toward, well, hardware. However, we thought you'd appreciate this valuable little voyage into Windows Visual Basic scripting (VBScript) and Windows Registry modification. Starting with this article, when we see something you might find interesting, whatever it may be, we'll let you know about it. Take it away Mr. Thomas.
I'm a sort of evangelist for VBScript. One of my goals here is to lure you into using this programming language. Even if you have no interest in VBScript, I'm going to show you how to do something that you may like: how to remove those annoying arrows on shortcuts. In addition to VBScript code, I'll provide instructions on how to accomplish the same task using simple Windows Registry .reg files.
Beware, the IsShortCut method works fine for XP and Windows Server 2003, but can produce ugly side-effects in Vista. Down the road a bit, I'll publish a separate Shell Icons script to remove the arrows from Vista shortcuts.
Thanks to the .reg files supplied, you don't actually have to study VBScript to get this job done. However, if you use or would like to use VBScript, the VBScript examples show how easy it is to create objects. In this instance the object and its .RegDelete method modify the Windows Registry. It almost goes without saying that in other scripts you can use different methods to automate any task that you can perform through a GUI.
Removing the arrows on shortcuts is a classic case of Microsoft having not one, but three ways of configuring a Registry setting; VBScript, a .reg file and of course regedit.
My VBScript method, which deletes the IsShortCut value, works for both XP and Vista machines. However beware, because in Vista, removing this Registry value causes problems with shortcuts in the Favorites folder.
If you just want to remove the arrows quickly, use the .reg file. If you are using my VBScript to remove the arrows, the .reg files provide a complimentary method for resetting the Registry before you run the script for a second time.
A hidden bonus of using a script to remove the shortcut arrows is that you learn about the full range of Registry commands: .RegWrite, .RegDelete and .RegRead.
Join our discussion on this topic


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报告人: 马萨诸塞大学洛厄尔分校 李晓白 教授
We study strategically missing data problems in predictive analytics with regression. In many real-world situations, such as financial reporting, college admission, job application, and marketing advertisement, data providers often hide certain information on purpose in order to gain a favorable outcome. It is important for the decision maker to have a mechanism to deal with such strategic behaviors. We propose a novel approach, based on the Support Vector Regression (SVR) technique, to handle strategically missing data in regression prediction. The proposed method derives the imputed values of missing data based on the margins of the SVR models. It provides incentives for the data providers to disclose their true information. We show that imputation errors for the missing values are minimized under some reasonable conditions. Furthermore, with the proposed method, the decision maker's decision models will not be affected by strategic behaviors of data providers. An experimental study on real-world data demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Dr. Xiaobai Li is a Professor of Information Systems in the Department of Operations and Information Systems at the University of Massachusetts Lowell, USA. He received his Ph.D. in management science from the University of South Carolina. Dr. Li's research focuses on data science, business analytics, data privacy, and information economics. He has received funding for his research from National Institutes of Health (NIH) and National Science Foundation (NSF), USA. His work has appeared in Management Science, Information Systems Research, MIS Quarterly, Operations Research, INFORMS Journal on Computing, IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Decision Support Systems, Communications of the ACM, and European Journal of Operational Research, among others. He is serving as Associate Editor for Information Systems Research, Decision Support Systems, and ACM Journal of Data and Information Quality.


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If your tropical fish is shaking its body then it is something which you may think is wrong or out of the ordinary and not seen this before. Panic may set in however it is normally not a bad thing, in fact it is quite the opposite (in most cases) and will normally mean it is attempting to breed with another fish in the tank Fish can shake for several reasons. For some, it is a mating ritual. They shimmy because they want to attract a mate
. You will see the fish vibrating its tails and fins gesturing towards other fish during the shaking display, either to stay off its territory or to attract the other sex as a mate Your Molly fish might be shaking its head because she is stressed. If she is sitting still and wiggling its called the shimmies. Check your water to be sure its not that stressing her. Mine do it sometimes but I never know exactly whats bothering them My swordtail has been shaking up to the side a lot lately. It has been several days. I thought maybe it meant he was going to die but he hasnt. does anyone know why he would be doing this? he shakes a little throughout the day but at night is when he really starts to shake. he will be..
Shimmying is a symptom rather than a single disease, and an indication that a fish no longer has proper control of its nerves and muscles. It occurs when fish are under severe stress, most often because of environmental problems. The classic scenario is when mollies are kept in soft or acidic water conditions Ok you are supposed to do a fish less cycle for a month before you add fish did yippie treat the water before you put it in or is it straight from the tap and what kind of fish are they and what is the p.h. reply #5. Michelle123. 6 years ago
Betta fish is twitching or swimming irregularly then this can be a symptom of an internal fish disease called Ich Ich is a highly infectious fungal infection that attacks the fins, gill membranes and other soft tissues in your Betta fish Hi my name is Shannon I have my buddy parrot fish he has been in a his tank now for 2 days I fed him peas with Epsom salt on them and.yes still up at the tank he is active wheniwhen I feed him he eats he sometimes swims to v9ttom buy comes right back up to top his belly looks to me a way better than before but I know it's gonna be a long road. My gold fish, (boy) has like a red rash on its side. Not like dots but like a red blood clot almost. And it kinda looks like skin is coming off of him. But not a lot. He has been laying at the bottom of the tank for almost 3 days now. He has gotten a lot skinnier . He has a brother also with him. I don't think my fish would hurt each other Adult fish require more oxygen than young fish, as do fast swimming fish. Some studies revealed that after feeding, oxygen levels may lower, and the energy demand of digestion and growth can increase oxygen demand by 50%. If you suspect your oxygen levels are lower than your fish require, the easiest step is to do a 50% water change . While it is possible that the fish you bought was unhealthy and already destined for fish heaven - it's much more likely that your fish's death is because of something you did or didn't do
A pale fish is a stressed or timid fish, whereas a very dark fish is a dominant or aggressive fish. The dominant male will have deep vibrant colors or possibly be almost entirely black. The Maylandia crabro on the right has just been transferred into a new tank and is showing stressed coloration shaking [Archive] - SimplyDiscus. PDA. View Full Version : shaking. Daniella. 06-22-2009, 02:46 PM. Some of my discus have started to shake, especialy my melon is doing it often. It also has tendency to raise its head. Not head standing just with slight angle. Appetite is good although today was a bit less HELP my fish keeps shaking his head no an his body. Wed May 12, 2010 4:42 pm. My labtopheus fullebarni keeps shaking like shaking his head no. I dont know what this means and he is acting very funny to like swimming to the top of the tank hiding behind the filter. I dont think he wants to breed or anything like that When Oscar fish are ready to breed, common signs and behaviors for the mating process can often confuse fish owners into thinking that a fight to the death is taking place. The Oscar fish is a sometimes aggressive breed; it is not uncommon to see quarrelsome behavior They will also do a full body kinda shake thing when they're interested in some nookie. The whole back half of their body, it's a natural cichlid reaction. My mated Mbuna's and Cons do the same thing. Just watch to see if they're fighting or just doin' a little grabass
If you notice your fish are coming to the surface of the tank is gasping for air then this is a sign that your tank has low oxygen levels. If you notice that your fish is not moving around as often and quickly as is used to be then this could be the sign that your fish tank contains low oxygen I have not done any tests for my 10 Gallon tank yet, but recently it has gotten cloudy. The filter has been changed and is fine, so we don' know why it is cloudy. I know it holds to many fish (My mistake) but I'm not going to throw my fish out just because of that, so instead I am going to try and keep them as happy as they can until they move on
That could pose an issue because most fish do not stand a chance against the gigantic Oscar fish. However, if your Oscar is merely reacting to your appearance, you have little to worry about. 4. Stress-Related Behavior. Shaking in fish can sometimes signify distress. The sources of it may vary. Some fish will shake because they feel threatened Basically, my concern is part anxiety of a new fish owner. Starting last night, it's seemed like he's really stressed--shaking as he swims (in a way that I hadn't seen before) And just swimming almost frantically around the tank..shaking all the way. I just don't know what could be wrong, and if I have to I'll get a tank and everything I just.
My outboard has a case of the shakes. In the video above, you will see the outboard shaking slightly while idling. Then later as I rev the motor a little to show a quick throttle response, the outboard shakes even more. My main concern is that the outboard is shaking while on plane. I don't recall my motor ever shaking Ike that Listed below are some reasons a parrot could be shaking. 1. Your parrot could be cold. Most birds are comfortable between 65 and 80 F. If you're keeping your room cooler than this, it is possible your bird is shivering because it is cold. Raise the temperature and you should see the shivering stop
. I'm worried that he'll find it weird which is why I stop but I don't think he realises that I'm nearing an orgasm because I don't let it be known, because I'm embarrassed. Unless you're flopping around like a fish on land I very much doubt you're responding in an unusual ways. There are far worse. Goldfish Hiding. by Mike. (Long Island, NY) Hi I have an outdoor fish pond for about 25 years. The pond is 3,000 gallons. I have about 50 gold fish. The max depth of the pond is 3 feet. My fish were spawning last week like they do every year chasing each other for about a week Oscar fish can get very large. It can grow up to 12 inches and even 15 inches if you take good care of it. Also, it can grow very fast. It can grow at a rate of 1 inch every month. As Oscar fish grows pretty large it also requires a larger tank. A single Oscar fish requires at least a 55-gallon tank
Recently, I took my flame angel or Tomini tang out and pout in another tank because it looked like they were bothering the clowns some and ever since then (2days) ago the clowns have been shaking at each other nonstop for a solid 20 min.s or the female clown will swim up to the male and shake then swim off @printesa, I don't normally have to touch the tank for algae, the large plants use up all the nutriants in the water so there is very little left for the algae to use, I might scrape the front glass once or twice a year, and I have just over 2 watts of lighting per gal, lights are on timers set for 12 hr a day, many fishkeepers over stock with fish so have a large bioload, and therefore much.
2. Allergic Reaction. An allergic reaction to a food can cause feeling shaky after eating. There are a number of symptoms of a reaction to an allergen besides feeling shaky like: Low-grade fever 99.0 ℉. Nausea and vomiting. Rash and/or hives. Swelling of the face, lips, and/or throat. Diarrhea 4. Practice voice exercises to widen your vocal range. Say mm-mmm (as in the that tastes good kind of mm-mm), and mm-hmm. Remember to always breathe from your diaphragm during these exercises, and use your


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The baseline temperature in an electronic system is a very important parameter for thermal design and must be carefully considered. But the term ambient temperature has developed a lot of ambiguity in its usage as well as its value. System and component designers can greatly improve the accuracy of their thermal considerations by clearly communicating what the baseline temperature truly is for their implementation, and finding a way to estimate the temperatures at or close to the components of interest.
What is Ambient Temperature?
Thermal analysis is an essential part of nearly all electronic system designs these days. We have to make sure that the components do not heat up so much as to affect their functionality or make the system practically unusable. And for most of us, it's a delicate dance of environmental factors, system design, component power dissipation, and a range of usage conditions. We must establish some baseline temperature conditions, then figure out through modeling, calculations, rules of thumb, and ultimately measurements – how much will things heat up above that temperature.
So what if that baseline temperature and the assumptions around it could vary so wildly, that all the other calculations are rendered as noise, and the results of such a calculation could be off by 100 percent or more? In other words, what is ambient temperature?
The interesting thing is that while it is a very common term, there seem to be different assumptions on what "ambient temperature" really means. Here are some interpretations used by some of us day in and day out, as also illustrated in Figure 1:
- The temperature of the system, unaffected by the temperature rise of the system itself (either far enough away or before the system is turned on). The equivalent of a true thermal ground.
- The temperature of the air inside the system when it is running. Often measured far away from the component of interest so as not to be too much affected by it.
- The temperature of the air moving over a component.
- The temperature of the board or chassis of the system, which is considered to never rise above a certain maximum temperature.
- The temperature of the air (usually driven by fans) at the entry or exit of the system.
- The temperature of the room when a component or system is tested on the bench, on an evaluation module (EVM) or a real system board (with or without an enclosure).
- The temperature setting of the oven when a component or system is tested at high temperature (with or without an enclosure).
- The temperature to which a system is preheated for an operational test (of unspecified duration).
Figure 1: Eight potentially different ambient measurement points.
(Click on image to enlarge)
For example, an end system designer will probably use 2, 4, or 5, because this is the temperature they have experience with from previous systems and will ultimately be able to measure on the system in the field. While a system test engineer will probably use 6, 7, or 8, since they need to focus on the temperature they can control during testing. Alternatively, a component supplier will probably use 1 or 3, since these are conducive to component modeling and the component suppliers are generally not privy to the level of detail needed to consider the entire system effects.
There are two common misconceptions when using ambient temperature alone for calculations of component temperatures.
The first is that each component can be viewed in isolation. You simply go to the datasheet for the component of interest, get the theta-JA value (or maybe even a fancy table or curve or derating factor), drop in your ambient temperature and power dissipation, and there is your component temperature.
But this calculation assumes only one component on the board, and that it therefore has the entire board (or at least a 3x3 inch square of it, if using a JEDEC board) dedicated to cooling it. I've not seen many systems where this is the case. In reality the other components around that one will be heating it up and skewing that calculation.
The second is that the ambient in one system is equivalent to the ambient in another. Specifically, that the ambient in a JEDEC system, a one cubic foot box with only one component inside, is equivalent to the ambient in a real system such as a cell phone, base station, or even a car.
Looking at the comparison in Figure 2, it's pretty clear that this is not what real systems look like, and yet that is the implicit assumption when a JEDEC theta-JA (ΘJA) value is used to calculate component temperature rise above ambient. In fact, the very definition of theta-JA (JEDEC standard JESD51-2) states that the parameter is intended for comparison only!
Figure 2: System comparison.
(Click on image to enlarge)
If ambient temperature means different things to different people, and the basic calculation of component temperature rise above ambient temperature has some flaws in it, what is a system or component designer to do? Here are three suggestions.
First: agree on terms when working through the design stages. Don't accept a simple specification of (for example) 65°C ambient temperature or industrial temperature rating, but dig into such details as where is the baseline temperature measured, under what operation conditions, and for what period of time?
Second: find a way to get closer to the components than the ambient. This will make the estimates much more accurate, because of the implications of each system's uniqueness as well as the surrounding components. One good method is to use the board or case temperature as the reference specification, rather than ambient.
Third: take case temperature measurements on the actual system to confirm the analysis. A good way to bring these data earlier into the design cycle is to use measured data on similar systems (often a previous generation) to get an estimate and calibrate, and then simply consider the changes rather than doing thermal analysis of a new system from scratch.
So ultimately, what is ambient temperature? It is a commonly used term. It carries the risk of ambiguity because it is not clearly defined. It carries the risk of inaccuracy because it suggests that junction temperature calculations can be oversimplified. When carefully defined, it can help to start the conversation on thermal design. But, ultimately, it is probably not the best place to end the conversation because there are better options available.
Download a datasheet: "IC Package Thermal Metrics", Darvin Edwards, Texas Instruments, SPRA953A–June 2007: _URL_
About the Author
Matthew Romig currently serves as the Packaging Technology Productization Manager in the Analog organization at Texas Instruments, where he is responsible for packaging technology development and implementation for TI's broad range of Analog product lines and packaging technologies. He has developed specialties in thermal analysis, flip chip packaging, and power management packaging. He is also a member of TI's Group Technical Staff. Matt received his BSME from Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa. He can be reached at _EMAIL_.


SAT Sneak Attack
Two students take the SAT. One uses a brain, a pencil and scratch paper. The other
uses all of these, plus a dictionary, math assistant, concierge and advisor. Who wins?
Today's high school students feel the pressure to succeed on standardized tests like
no other generation. In this short ebook journalist Peter Wayner uncovers how a group
of elite students use tools that are allowed by the College Board, and by repurposing
them, get close to that elusive perfect score.
Playing completely by the rules, you'll be surprised at how easily students beat the SAT
at its own game, making the playing field unlevel. Many wonder how relevant the SATs
are in the age of super-cramming and endless tutoring sessions, and this book will add
fuel to that argument. SAT Sneak Attack reveals the exam's open secret and is a mustread for those who want to know how clever computer hacks beat the test.
The official website is here.
To Buy:
List price: $7.00
Price: $4.00
Weight: 3 oz
Dimensions: 9 in × 5 in × 0.25 in
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If you don't like having small 1x1 pixel images in your projects, you can embed the base64 encoded pixel directly in your css or html source files.
We always try to generate the smallest possible PNG image. Our 1x1 transparent pixel for example uses only 68 bytes. If you know how to compress the PNG image any further, please let us know in the comments below.
If you don't need color or alpha you could use a fully transparent 1x1 GIF pixel to save a few more bytes.
Some people argue, that the base64 encoded 1x1 pixel requires more space than the plain PNG image and therefore the PNG image loads faster. That's not quite correct. A colored RGBA PNG pixel requires 70 bytes. If you encode that pixel with base64, the same pixel requires 98 bytes. So a base64 encoded 1x1 PNG pixel wastes 28 bytes.
What people tend to forget is, that now instead of one HTTP request you need two HTTP requests. One for the CSS file and one for the PNG image. HTTP requests are usually bigger than 28 bytes, depending on the used URL and the headers set by the browser and the webserver. So the embedded base64 pixel is sightly faster. But we're talking only about a few bytes anyway.
These pixels come in handy when you need a semi-transparent background. The CSS attribute opacity makes the background and foreground transparent and is inherited by all child elements. Since modern browsers support rgba background colors semi-transparent 1x1 PNG pixels are not as useful as before. But if you want your pages to support old browsers it's still nice to have.


text:
||What is SMS routing?
It is a process that is used to make decision about where an SMS should end
Messages can end up in a mobile network or at a user or an application. The
term SMS routing actually covers two areas: outbound SMS routing and inbound
SMS routing. Outbound SMS routing is used to control which mobile network is
used to send a message to a mobile handset. It is used for mobile terminated
(MT) SMS messages. Inbound SMS routing is used to control which application will
receive an SMS message sent from a mobile phone. It is used for mobile
originated (MO) SMS messages.
Routing decisions are made based on conditions, such as sender phone number,
recipient phone number, sender or recipient phone number prefix, or the content
of the message text. For example a routing decision can be based on a keyword
in the message: e.g.: if the keyword "red" is in the message route it to
destination "A" otherwise route it to destination "B".
SMS routing can only be applied if more then one mobile network connection
(or SMS service provider connection) and more then one SMS application is
available is used in a system.
||What is outbound SMS routing and
how can I use it?|
Outbound SMS routing refers to a process
that is used to decide which SMS service provider connection will be used to
send an SMS message.
Outbound SMS routing is only relevant if more then one SMS service provider
connections are available in your system and each SMS service provider
connection can be used to pass messages to the mobile network. In this case
you can setup outbound routing to achieve various goals. For example you can
configure backup SMS routing, which means
that out of two or more connections one connection will be used only for
backup purposes. Another setup could be used to route messages to the
appropriate connection based on telephone number prefix to save costs.
This is called least cost
routing. You can also use outbound
routing to do load balancing to increase
||What is inbound SMS routing and
how can I use it?|
Inbound routing is a process
that is used to decide which user or application will receive an incoming
Inbound SMS routing is only relevant if more then users or applications are
configured in your system. In this case you can setup inbound routing rules
to define which user or application will receive a copy of the incoming SMS
Inbound routing decisions can be based on sender and recipient phone number
(or phone number prefix) or message content and if you have more then one
service provider connection then, the connection itself can also be used as
the base for decision making.
Inbound routing decisions can be configured in the inbound routing table of an
SMS gateway application.
||How can I send SMS messages reliably
to different global destinations?|
You should setup several SMS service provider connections, and you should
configure backup routing.
When you use multiple service provider connections, each connection has a name.
In the routing table you can refer to this name when you create outbound routes.
Outbound routes determine which connection will be used to send a particular
If you want to increase reliability, you need at least two service provider
For example one can be an IP SMS connection and another can be a GSM
modem connection. To configure the GSM modem connection as the backup connection
for the IP SMS connection, you need to configuring the name of the IP SMS
connection as backedup connection in the routing
rule of the GSM modem connection in the outbound SMS routing table.
Backup SMS routing will
make sure, that if the IP SMS connection stops functioning, the GSM modem
connection will take over and your messages will be sent.
||Is there any way I can tell if an
incoming SMS message is a reply to my previously sent SMS?|
The SMS technology does not provide any way to check if an incoming message is
a reply to a previously sent SMS or not. All you can do is put some identifier
into the message text itself, or rely on the timestamp of the sent and received
messages to do the matching. Of course this matching will probably not be
In most cases keywords are used to distinguish between incoming messages. If you
tell your mobile user to include a certain keyword in the messages text and you
a proper inbound route, with this keyword in Condition #3 (message text), you can
have some clue on which message was replied to. Of course this solution suggests
that the user will include the appropriate keyword in the response SMS.
||Can I change message parameters
You can modify telephone numbers and the message content itself during routing.
This is useful if you want to add certain telephone number prefixes or postfixes
to a number, or you would like to extend the message text with an advertisement.
||How can I reject certain messages
starting with a specified telephone number prefix?|
You have to configure the outbound routing table.
If you want to prevent your customers to send messages to certain destinations,
you have to setup a "dummy service provider connection". For this purpose an
HTTP server SMS service provider connection
is a good choice.
After this connection is setup, you should add a new rule to the outbound
routing table, that will route messages with the defined prefix to this dummy
service provider connection. This way messages, that are destined for the defined
destination, will not go to your normal SMS service provider connection. Instead
they will be routed to this dummy connection and they will be dropped.
To specify the prefix, when you create the new rule in the outbound routing
table, you should define Condition 2 (Recipient phone number). This condition
should match be a regular expression, that matches your telephone number
prefix. For example if you wish to prevent messages to be sent to prefix 123,
put the following pattern into the field:
||How can I change the recipient field
to a fixed mobile number so all texts submitted go to that mobile?
You need to create a route in the outbound
routing table, and you need to define a replace condition for the recipient.
The outbound routing table allows you to modify message content and telephone
numbers on the fly. When you create an outbound route, you can define conditions
for sender, receiver and message text. In the condition field, you can put
a replacement rule, that will be applied to the SMS message, that matches the
given pattern. Information on replacement and content manipulation can be found
in the SMS content modification during routing
To replace the recipient number of each SMS to a specific number (e.g:
to +123456), you should enter the following replacement pattern into Condition
#2 when you create the outbound routing rule: s/^.*/[+]123456/
Is there a way to define outbound
rules by phone ranges. I want to route a certain prefix to a certain carrier,
is this possible?
Yes. You can define phone number prefixes and any other matching pattern
in the outbound routing table using regular expressions.
You can define a regular expression for both sender and recipient phone numbers
in the routing condition. I suspect, that you would like to route outgoing
messages based on recipient phone number prefix. In this case you should put
the following regular expression into "condition 2" when you define an outbound
Note that the condition is surrounded by slashes (/). This tells the Ozeki
software to treat the condition as a regular expression. The first character ^
that the matching should start on the first character. [+] means that the
phone number starts with a + sign and 3620 means that the phone number starts
with +3620. Note that the.* wildchar means that any phone number can follow.


Intercultural Ministry seeks to connect with churches in 'sanctuary' jurisdictions
Church of the Brethren Newsline
February 25, 2017
A letter from the Church of the Brethren Intercultural Ministry, signed by director Gimbiya Kettering, is part of a new effort to connect with congregations located in areas considered to be "sanctuary" jurisdictions across the country.
Opening with verses from Matthew 25: 34-35–"Then the King will say to those on his right, 'Come, you who are blessed by my Father; take your inheritance, the kingdom prepared for you since the creation of the world. For I was hungry and you gave me something to eat, I was thirsty and you gave me something to drink, I was a stranger and you invited me in….'"–the letter invited prayerful discernment of "how we are called to witness, as members of the Church of the Brethren, how we feel called to stand with those who come to our communities seeking refuge."
The letter invited congregations to join a denominational conversation about what it means to be a congregation in a sanctuary jurisdiction, to consider how congregations can articulate and act upon their convictions, and to share resources, stories, and experiences with one another.
"You are part of a community that has declared itself to be a sanctuary," the letter said, in part. "While there is no official definition of a sanctuary city, town, county, or state, it is a continuation of our Judeo-Christian culture, national history, and our denominational witness in the wider world."
The letter noted ways the Brethren have connected to the biblical vision of sanctuary and safety for those who are endangered, including the post-World War II effort to encourage each congregation to welcome and care for a refugee family, as early as the 1980s recognizing the injustice in efforts to deport and deny refugees from conflicts in Haiti and South and Central America, and more recently bringing Chibok girls from Nigeria to the US for healing and new opportunities.
"We, too, sought sanctuary when the Brethren of the 1700s fled religious persecution in Germany," the letter noted.
Among other foundational statements, the letter referenced the Annual Conference statement of 1969, "Obedience to God and Civil Disobedience." Kettering also urged readers, as individuals and congregations, to study and prayerfully consider the following Annual Conference resolutions and statements: "Making the Connection," 1986; "Providing Sanctuary for Latin American and Haitian Refugees," 1983; "Undocumented Persons and Refugees in the United States," 1982; and "Action in the Refugee Crisis of Southeast Asia," 1979. Find Annual Conference statements online at .
To talk directly with Gimbiya Kettering in the Intercultural Ministry office of the Church of the Brethren, call _PHONE_ or e-mail .


text:
The Fairsea holds an important place in the memory of many immigrants to Australia during the post World War II period. She was the first passenger ship of the famous Sitmar Line and the first non-British ship employed to carry assisted immigrants from Britain to Australia.
The Fairsea was a regular sight in Australian waters and made a total of 81 voyages to and from Australia between 1949 and 1969. In her earlier years, the Fairsea seemed stark and uninviting for some, but after renovations, her later voyages were often remembered with delight and a sense of adventure.
The Fairsea Ocean LinerStimar Lines postcard. Source: private collection of Barbara Healley.
Dimensions: 492 x 69 ft (150 x 21.1 m)Registered Tonnage: 11,833 tons gross (13,432 tons after 1958)Service Speed: 16 knotsPropulsion: Doxford geared diesels / single screwShipping Line: Sitmar Line
Originally named Rio de la Plata, the immigrant ship Fairsea was built for the American shipping company Moore-McCormick Line for their passenger and cargo service between New York and the east coast of South America.
However, she never served on this intended route, for upon her launch in 1941 (amidst World War II), she was converted into an escort aircraft carrier and commissioned into the Royal Navy as the HMS Charger. Soon after, she returned to American hands and served for four years in the pacific as USS Charger.
After a brief post war period as a troop carrier, the Fairsea was rebuilt for migrant service in 1949, providing very basic accommodation for 1,800 passengers with the intention of transporting displaced people and refugees from Europe to Australia. She laid in wait for a short time while a contract was obtained from the International Refugee Organisation (IRO), before beginning her life as an immigrant ship.
Children charge eagerly up the gangway of the Fairsea, Bremerhaven, Germany, 1956.Photographer: unknown. Source: Department of Immigration and Multicultural Affairs.
The Fairsea made several journeys to Australia under the IRO from 1949 to 1951, carrying displaced persons affected by World War II. She departed Naples, Italy for her maiden immigrant voyage to Australia on 11 May 1949, reaching Melbourne on 9 June. She regularly travelled to Australia from Italy carrying refugees and displaced people, but always returned empty due to the restrictions of the IRO contract.
At sea: Ondina De Marchi with her husband and daughter, all from Trieste, on board the Farisea on its voyage to Australia in July 1955.Photographer: unknown. Source: The Italian Historical Society Co.As.It.
In 1952, when the IRO contract ended, Sitmar took advantage of the lucrative Australian trade and began to offer paid passage to Australia on the Fairsea. She made a number of these trips over the next few years, except for a brief period in 1953, when she was transferred to the Quebec route.
In 1955, the Fairsea was chartered by the Australian Government to transport assisted immigrants from Britain, which she continued to do until an extensive refit in late 1957. The new configuration provided modernised accommodation including air conditioning throughout, an additional deck and new public rooms, considerably changing her external appearance and internal accommodation. The Australian Government charter was renewed and she continued operating as an immigrant ship, also making voyages to New Zealand.
Before the 1957 refit, the minimal conditions of the Fairsea were not lost on her passengers – many immigrants remember the large open dormitories and stark surrounds.
Frank Kriesl migrated from Hungary in 1951:
The Fairsea was huge, a converted troop ship with no cabins, just huge big open spaces with triple decked bunks, so cramped you couldn't sit up straight in them. Men were assigned to one section, women to the other. The toilet and shower facilities were one huge long one … and everywhere you went there was an awful reek of 'White King'. People threw up because of the smell not just the swell!
Different voyages created a variety of different experiences. For some passengers, the journey on the Fairsea was an adventure.
Doreen Hakowski (formerly Sillett) migrated from England in 1956:
The Fairsea – our home for 5 weeks, was the best part of my early life. I had been born in an air-raid shelter in London, so only knew destruction around me. My trip was very exciting. We had lovely meals, dances, entertainment, deck games, swimming and many other pastimes. We stopped off in Aden and rode a camel through the streets. I can't even remember feeling sad at leaving my home country, England.
In 1969 while west of Panama, a fire broke out on the Fairsea, completely damaging the engine room. The decision was made that it was not economical to repair a ship that was already 28 years old and so on 9 July 1969, the Fairsea left Balboa bound for the shipbreakers at La Spezia, Italy.
Baty, S. 1984. Ships That Passed – The Glorious Era of Travel to Australia and New Zealand. Reed Books Pty Ltd. Frenchs Forest.
Plowman, P. 1992. Emigrant Ships to Luxury Liners. New South Wales University Press. Kensington.
Stodden, K. 2003 (October). Appendix A – Tally of Voyages. Prepared for the Ship Reunion Lecture. Immigration Museum, Melbourne.
Thanks for your comment - there certainly seems to be some discrepancy here. Please feel free to attach scanned copies of your documents to the following enquiry form, or alternatively, you can bring them in person to the Immigration Discovery Centre at the Immigration Museum so that we may resolve this discrepancy.
The best place to start researching an ancestor's arrival in Australia is the website of the National Archives of Australia, which features a Record Search tool. Good luck!
Pat - the best place to confirm the arrival dates of ships to NSW is via the National Archives of Australia who hold the shipping lists for such arrivals. Please contact them.
You can include your family's immigration tales through our Share a Story database. You can email the Immigration Discovery Centre at _EMAIL_ and we will send you a form on which you can write your story. We look forward to hearing from you.
The National Archives of Australia is the central repository for all Australian Commonwealth Government records and holds information on naturalisation, military service and immigration. The National Archives website features online indexes to records in their collection, and can be searched by name, year and/or ship's name.
Hi John - see earlier responses from the Discovery Centre for advice about searching for passenger lists via the website of the National Archives of Australia. Cheers!
Hi Rik - the best place to confirm the departure and arrival dates of your migration journey is via the National Archives of Australia (NAA). The NAA hold the passenger and shipping lists for migrant arrivals to Australia. You can search for records online via the NAA's RecordSearch. For additional information you can contact the NAA directly.
Renate, this event is briefly recounted by Peter Plowman in his informative book Australian Migrant Ships _PHONE_, which includes an article about the Skaubryn. What a dramatic experience, for you and your family!
Hi there, Roswitha. The Fairsea actually made six round trips between Bremerhaven and Quebec, from 1953, before being returned to the Europe-Australia run. On these Quebec trips the vessel offered accomodation for 40 first class and 1400 tourist class passengers. Perhaps there was a temporary surge of demand on transatlantic routes, during this period?
Hi there Joanne - A really great place to search for images online is Picture Australia, an online image database through which you can search the image collections of many of Australia's main archives and cultural institutions.
Detlef, see above for comments from the Discovery Centre giving advice about finding passenger lists and other immigration documents via the website of the National Archives of Australia. Hope this helps!
Peter Plowman's book The Sitmar Liners Past And Present does indicate that Fairsea was used as an immigrant ship to Quebec. Although he does not mention 1951 specifically, it did travel there a number of times in the 1950s and it seems likely that this was the same ship on which you sailed.
Olga, the National Archives of Australia is the organisation responsible for keeping this historic list. Copies of the list can be made by contacting this organisation via their website.
Hi there, Christa. The passenger lists for voyages to Canada are kept by Libraries & Archives Canada. To obtain one, you need to apply to the Canadian Geneology Centre.
Hi Toby. The infosheet above probably will answer most of your questions. After being converted to an aircraft carrier she was given to the British Navy under the Lend-Lease agreement in March 1942 but returned to the American Navy later the same year. You can find out more about the ship and it's history in the references above.
On Youtube there is a "moving slideshow" re: a MV Fairsea voyage NZ - Europe Feb 1962 which might interest Julian Beer and Jan Goldsack (above) who both mention they travelled same voyage. Try searching for: site.http://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=fairsea+ship+denmark&aq=f
Also, further to Toby Pierpoint's observations (25 Jul 10) and Discovery Centre's reply re: Fairsea's origins. The partially completed passenger/cargo or "combi" liner MV


text:
The Enemy of My Enemy
Temple of the Allegiance
This edifice was built during the days of the Last Empire, but took influence from the architectural styles of ancient Arkhosia. An arcade surrounds the temple itself. Along the edge of the roof hanging over the arcade are carvings depicting the holy symbols of the various gods of the Allegiance. Inside the arcade, the wall at the southern end of the building proper holds a pair of large, oaken doors marking the front of the building.
Through the doors, one enters the main hall, a large, rectangular room featuring a domed roof painted with common interpretations of the images of the gods of the Allegiance. A central aisle lays between two columns of pews facing away from the door and toward a series of seven altars, each bearing one of the holy symbols of the Allegiance.
The main hall has several doors along the east, west, and north walls which lead to chambers dedicated to various church functions, including dormitories for the priests. The chambers beyond the main hall are diverse in architecture, furnishing, and decorations, as they tend to be used for functions dedicated to different deities.
The temple provides housing for the priests and a number of acolytes and novices, though a few elect to live and practice a trade away from the temple.


Xinerama [bool]
Enables Xinerama support if the boolean argument is true and disables it if the argument is false. Calling this command without arguments turns on Xinerama support if it was disabled before and turns it off if it was enabled. For example:
# Turn Xinerama support on, use primary screen 2
XineramaPrimaryScreen 2
Xinerama on
# Turn it off again
Xinerama off
XineramaPrimaryScreen [primary-screen]
Takes an integer number or 'g' or 'c' as its argument. A number is taken as the number of the Xinerama screen that is to be used as the primary screen. The primary screen can be used as the preferred screen to place windows with
XineramaPrimaryScreen
Style * StartsOnScreen p
The primary screen is used in some of the modules and for the default icon box too. Any number that is zero or more is taken as the primary screen's number. Instead, the letter 'c' indicates to use the current screen (containing the pointer) whenever the primary screen is used. This may be very confusing under some circumstances. With 'g', the global screen is used as the primary screen, effectively disabling the primary screen. Calling this function with any other argument (including none) resets the primary screen to 0.
XineramaSls [bool]
For multi-screen implementations other than Xinerama, such as Single Logical Screen, it is possible to simulate a Xinerama configuration if the total screen seen by fvwm is made up of equal sized monitors in a rectangular grid. The XineramaSls command turns SLS support on or off or toggles it to the opposite state, depending on if the boolean argument is "True", "False" or "toggle". If no argument is given, this is treated like "toggle". The default layout uses one by one screens. To configure the layout, use the XineramaSlsSize or XineramaSlsScreens command.
XineramaSlsSize Horizontal Vertical
This command configures the layout of the Single Logical screen feature. It takes two arguments, Horizontal and Vertical which must be an integer value dividing evenly into the total desktop width, and height. For an example with two monitors side by side which appear as one screen through the X-Server with the right screen as the primary screen, use:
XineramaSlsSize 2×1
XineramaSls On
XineramaPrimaryScreen 1
Xinerama On
XineramaSlsScreens number-of-screens [screen-spec …]
This command configures the layout of the Single Logical screen feature. Its first argument is the number of screens to use. It must be followed by exactly this number of screen-spec arguments. Each of these can be written either in standard X geometry format: "x++" or as a space separated list of numbers: "x y width height". Both ways of describing screens can be mixed in a single command. All four numbers must be supplied. The x and y values specify the origin of the screen in relation to the global screen's origin while width and height specify the size of the screen in pixels. No checks are done if the geometries make sense, so it is possible to define overlapping screens (with random results) or screens that are not visible at all.
XineramaSlsScreens 3 \
512×768+0+0 512×300+512+0 512 300 512 468
XineramaSls On
XineramaPrimaryScreen 1
Xinerama On
FVWM/Controlling the Virtual Desktop


text:
Wheat grass are not the type of plants that are attractive to kids. They might even hate it if you force kids to drink fresh wheat grass juice in the morning. If you want kids to have fun with wheat grass, why don't you try some fun crafts for kids with wheat grass?
These wheat grass head men are just an example. Kids will love to have these cute figures on their study table or on the windowsill in their room. Thanks Delia for this nice idea and tutorial.


Is There A Difference Between An Angry Customer and A Hostile One?
Yes, there is. And, it's an important difference since you will choose to manage an angry customer in a different way than a hostile one.
Anger is a human emotion, and we all experience it. You can't eliminate it in others, and often, provided the customer isn't "acting out", or being attacking in a personal way, you let it run its course. The problem you might face isn't anger, but how the customer chooses to express the anger.
Hostile Customer Behavior From Customers Is Different
Here's a short excerpt from
If It Wasn't For The Customers I'd Really Like This Job: Stop Angry, Hostile Customers COLD While Remaining Professional, Stress Free, Efficient and Cool As A Cucumber
There is a difference between reasonable expressions of anger (angry behavior) which is short lived and not aimed at you personally, and unacceptable behavior that we call hostile or abusive behavior. Not only are they different, but we may choose to handle these two different situations in different ways.
Hostile and abusive is intended, consciously or unconsciously, to have some or all of the following effects:
 - Put you off balance
 - Manipulate and control you
 - Demean you in some way
 - Cause you to feel guilty
 - Cause you to experience other negative emotions
 - Intimidate you
It's this kind of behavior that causes the greatest amount of stress for people who serve customers, because it involves ranting, insulting, and using intimidation tactics. Abusive behavior, because of the intent to elicit a reaction, involves pushing the buttons of customer service staff, making it more likely they will do something to makes the situation worse, not better.
While you may tolerate some degree of angry behavior without being concerned, hostile and abusive is something you do not want to accept. The primary goal, with abusive situations, is to cause the abusive behavior to stop. Once that occurs then you can work to reduce the angry feelings of the customer, and address his or her problem. You cannot help a person who is acting out or being abusive. It's virtually impossible. So, first stop the bad behavior (and we'll teach you how).
There are different "containers for abusive and hostile behavior, starting with verbal abuse.
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text:
The Harry P. Weber University Archives documents the essential functions and history of the Florida Institute of Technology and its impact on the community by collecting, preserving, and making available records of intrinsic value created by the university and its members including: departments and offices of the university; faculty, staff, and alumni of the university; and other affiliated agencies or people as deemed appropriate. The University Archives collects items documenting university beginnings, growth and challenges, key decisions affecting the future of the university, the activities, history and culture of the university, and key functions of the university and its operations.
Special Collections promotes discovery, dialogue, learning, and the nourishment of the human spirit. Special Collections collects, preserves, and makes available to scholars and the public materials of intrinsic value that support Florida Tech's mission and aspiration. Special Collections contains resources that include books, correspondence, photographs, maps, physical objects, recordings, and memorabilia. Special Collections seeks to acquire materials of importance and relevance to Florida Tech communities, its disciplines, and the personalities who play significant roles in these realms.
Visit our or our Collection Guides to see our holdings.