contour represented by v evolves through the candidate window to reach a force balance equation F int(v) + F ext(v) = 0, where F int(v) is the internal force constraining contour's smoothness, and F ext(v) is the external force attracting the contour toward image features.
The IFVF is a fast and accurate edge-based snake technique, because of the introduction of both static and dynamic terms in the external force.
F ext v = F static v + F dynamic v
The F static could be a static external force which overcomes the edge leakage problem, e.g., we use boundary vector flow (BVF) proposed in [23] as the F static. The BVF extends the capture range further to the entire image based on simpler interpolation. Four potential functions Ψx, Ψy, Ψxy, and Ψyx are computed using line-by-line interpolations in the horizontal, vertical, and two diagonal directions. The F static is calculated as follows
F static = Φ 1 = ( Ψ x, Ψ y ) or F static = Φ 2 = 2 2 Ψ xy + Ψ yx, 2 2 Ψ xy Ψ yx
The F dynamic is achieved in three steps.
 1. 1.
 Given an HIE-enhanced candidate image, a binary edge map B is generated using smoothing technique speckle reducing anisotropic diffusion [21] and the Canny edge detector [24].
 2. 2.
 By comparing the edge map points to the current snake contour points (snaxels), a new control point (x c,y c ) is selected by considering the point which contributes more to the distance between snake contour and object boundary [22]. We use the Hausdorff distance to find such a point. Assuming two sets of points S and O, the Hausdorff distance is then defined as h S, O = max o O min s S d s, o where d(s o) is the Euclidean distance between a snaxel s and a object boundary point o. So, the control point is chosen as the point on the object boundary which has the Hausdorff distance value.
 3. 3.
 For any pixel (x,y) on the contour v, its F dynamic(x,y) is then calculated as follows
 F dynamic x, y = 1 B δ d'x, y d'x, y
where δ = ±1 controls the outward or inward direction. In this article, we use δ = 1, as the initial contour is automatically set as a small circle in the center of the window image with radius of 3 pixels. d'(x,y) is the Euclidean distance between points (x,y) and (x c,y c ). Note that the term (1 − B) makes the F dynamic zero for those points which already reach edges. Based on the edge map generated from the enhanced candidates images using HIE, the IFVF segmentation result of these candidates C1–C3 are shown in Figure 9e. The stopping criterion of the evolution is determined by computing the difference in locations (defined by the x and y coordinates) of the corresponding contour points between two consecutive iterations. If it is less than a convergence threshold t, the active contour evolution will be stopped. In our experiments, t is empirically set to 0.05. Based on our tests, there is no significant improvement even if t is smaller than 0.05.
3.5 CFC
The last module in our proposed technique is the CFC, which performs the fine scale feature classification. Three types of contour-based features, shape, edge and region, are extracted for the final cavity detection. These features include circularity measure [25], GICOV [26], and Kullback–Leibler divergence (KLD) [27] between the pixel intensity distributions inside and outside the contour. The computations of these three features are explained below.
 1. 1.
 Assuming a contour has one centroid, L points are selected from the contour in L cardinal directions. The circularity of the contour is then calculated as scaled variance as follows
 C = var d x i, y i max d x i, y i, i = 1, 2,, L
where d(x i,y i ) is the distance from the centroid to the contour point (x i,y i ) in the i th direction. In this article, we use L = 16. The circularity feature is a feature which could effectively reduce the false positives.
 1. 2.
 Based on the observation that the inner boundary of a cavity often has dark-to-bright transition, the GICOV value of L points on the contour is calculated as follows
 2. (a)
 For the contour point (x i,y i ) in the i th direction, its gradient in normal direction g n (x i,y i ) is calculated as g n x i, y i = I x i, y i. n x i, y i, where n x i, y i is the unit outward normal vector at this point.
 3. (b)
 The mean and standard deviation of g n, denoted by m and s, are then calculated as m = 1 L i = 1 L g n x i, y i and s 2 = 1 L 1 i = 1 L g n x i, y i m 2
 4. (c)
 The GICOV value of the contour is finally achieved using following equation:
 GICOV = m s / L
 5. 3.
 Given the probability distributions, P and Q, of the pixel intensity values inside and outside the cavity, respectively, the KLD for a candidate window is calculated as follows
 KLD = i = 1 B P i ln P i Q i
where B is the number of bins in the histogram span by P and Q. The KLD compares the difference in gray level distribution between the pixels inside and outside the contour.
Table 1 shows the above feature values corresponding to three contours shown in Figure 9e. As in the coarse feature classification step, we select the SVM as the fine feature classifier in this step. Based on the feature values (Table 1), the trained SVM classifier identifies the Contour-2 as a positive and Contour-1 and Contour-3 as negatives. The final detected cavity (corresponding to Contour-2) in the CXR image is shown in Figure 9f as the red contour. The result matches with the ground truth.
Table 1
Fine feature values of three contours in Figure 9e
4. Performance evaluation
In this section, we evaluate our proposed coarse-to-fine dual scale technique with respect to three aspects: the effectiveness of candidate selection, the accuracy of contour segmentation, and the accuracy of final cavity detection.
4.1. Experimental dataset and parameters configuration
A cavity dataset of 35 CXR images containing 50 cavities is obtained from the University of Alberta Hospital. All the images were independently read by three experienced chest radiologists who are specialized in TB diagnosis. The presence of TB cavities was confirmed by the agreement of at least two radiologists. The sample histograms of cavity properties such as diameter, circularity, and wall thickness are shown in Figure 11. From the histograms, it can be seen that the cavities vary in diameters while their circularities range mainly from 0.15 to 0.2 and most of them have intermediate thickness. For computational efficiency, the original CXR images are resized as 512 × 512 (or close to this size) with a fixed pixel spacing [0.8 mm, 0.8 mm]. Since all the cavities are located in the ULZ, a similar preprocessing procedure as described in [7] was applied to segment the target lung region, which reduces the processing area to a smaller rectangular bounding box. Figure 12 shows an example of the target area.
Figure 11
Sample histograms of cavity properties. (a) Histogram of diameter; (b) histogram of circularity; (c) histogram of wall thickness of four categories: "Thick" (≥16 mm), "Intermediate" (4–15 mm), "Thin" (<4 mm), and "Uncertain" (wall not discernible).
Figure 12
An example of the target area. The enhanced subimage inside the green rectangle is the result of the preprocessing procedure.
The proposed cavity detection technique is implemented in MATLAB 2007b on an Intel Pentium 4 CPU 2.8 GHz with 2 GB RAM computer. All the parameters in the proposed technique are listed in Table 2. The SVM classifiers in both coarse and fine feature classification are built using LIBSVM software [28]. To train the SVM classifiers, we applied the 'leave-one-out' method [29] since the size of samples with cavities is small. For example in LHFC, to detect the candidate regions in one of the 30 CXR images, we use the remaining 29 CXR images for the training. The training set contains the LBP and HOG feature vectors extracted from windows with and without cavities (positive and negative samples) in these 29 CXR images. Note that the negative samples for training were selected from the contralateral position of the positive samples based on the approximate symmetry of the lung field. The SVM classifier in CFC is trained in a similar way.
Table 2
Parameters configuration in the proposed technique
Parameters names
Parameters values
Template size


text:
First Firing of your New Kiln
I have just been reviewing information on kiln elements. I have discovered the reason you need to do your first firing with the kiln empty of everything. No kiln wash, no kiln furniture, nothing. Vacuum the kiln to take out any dusts from travel.
The element forms a protective layer of aluminum oxide during the first firing. If there are elements of kiln wash, dusts, or glass, this will inhibit the ability of the oxide coating to be uniform. The uniform coating of the elements is important to the long life of your elements. There are other things of course, but this is the initial, essential element of preparing you kiln for use.
After this first firing you can add the other elements of kiln wash, furniture, and even glass.
In summary, fire your kiln clean and bare. No kiln wash, no furniture.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
Many Sick Cows Need Fluid Therapy
Many Sick Cows Need Fluid Therapy
By Geof Smith, D.V.M.
The author is at the College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh.
Whether you are treating a cow for mastitis, uterine infection, diarrhea, or a number of other diseases, fluid therapy frequently is recommended. Many of these "sick" cows become dehydrated — meaning they have lost more water and fluids than they should.
Dairy cattle in particular are prone to rapid dehydration because they lose a large amount of their body water to milk production every day. Some people tend to avoid fluid therapy in cows because it can be more difficult compared to calves. (Larger fluid volumes are needed, the cow must be restrained, and proper fluid therapy can be time consuming.) However, in many sick cows, either oral or intravenous fluids are necessary and cannot be avoided.
How do you know?
The most accurate way of detecting dehydration in cattle is by looking at the position of the eyeballs. Normally, the eye should be right up against the bottom eyelid.
With the cow's head restrained, take your thumb and roll down the bottom eyelid. Normally, there should not be any gap or "space" between the eyelid and the eyeball. Dehydrated cows develop eyeball recession... their eyes begin to "sink" back into their head some. When you roll the bottom eyelid down with your thumb, you will notice a gap between the eyelid and the eyeball. Generally, the more sunken the eyes, the more severe the dehydration.
Another way to assess dehydration in cattle is to pinch the skin over the neck, twist it about 90 degrees, and let it go. In a normal cow, the skin should snap right back in place, while in dehydrated cows the skin returns much more slowly.
Here are some general guidelines for assessing dehydration in cattle
Slight eyeball recession, skin tent slightly prolonged (2 to 4 seconds).
Eyes obviously sunken, skin tent obviously prolonged (4 to 8 seconds).
Eyes severely sunken into orbit, skin remains tented indefinitely.
Oral fluids classically have been used to replace fluid losses in cows because they are cheap and easy to administer on-farm. One important point is that calves and cows should be receiving different electrolyte products. The blood in virtually all calves with diarrhea becomes more acidic. Therefore, we should be using oral electrolyte products that have alkalinizing agents such as bicarbonate or acetate in calves. These function to raise the pH of the blood, correcting the acidosis.
This does not happen in cows. In fact, most "sick" adult cattle either have a normal blood pH or a rise in pH (called an alkalosis). Therefore, they should not be receiving electrolytes that contain alkalinizing agents. It's a good idea to look at the ingredient list of the electrolyte powder you are using for your cows, and make sure you don't see bicarbonate on the list.
Cows generally need large amounts of water with sodium, chloride, and potassium. Therefore, we use electrolyte products that are basically salt with some potassium mixed with water. Ask your veterinarian next time he or she is at the farm if the product you have on hand is appropriate for adult cows.
Another option is to make your own oral fluids. It requires a little investment to get started, but in the end it can be very economical. You will need a digital laboratory scale that will weigh in grams and some feed grade salts which can be purchased from chemical supply companies or, sometimes, from feed stores. You need salt (sodium chloride), potassium chloride, and calcium chloride.
I weigh out 140 grams of salt, 25 grams potassium chloride, and 10 grams of calcium chloride. These can be combined together and stored in sealable individual plastic bags until you are ready to use them. Then they can be mixed with 5 gallons of water and pumped into a cow once or twice a day.
There are several different fluid delivery systems available. Two that I recommend are the Magrath pump (available from several on-line livestock supply companies) and the Nasco flexible cattle pump (available from Nasco). Both of these are designed to be used by a single person. They involve inserting a metal tube in the cow's mouth which can then be secured to the nose with a clamp. That way, the tube cannot slide in or out of the cow's mouth. The person can then let go of the tube and pump the 5 gallons of water into the cow before removing the nose clamp and taking the tube out. With either of these systems, one person can deliver 5 gallons of fluids within 2 to 3 minutes.
Administration of very large volumes of intravenous fluids is not common in adult cattle. Again... the cow must be restrained for an extended period of time, and the large volume of fluids necessary to correct the dehydration is expensive. However, among cows with moderate to severe dehydration, we can use hypertonic saline with better results than with oral fluids alone.
Hypertonic saline basically is salt water that is extremely concentrated. All solutions have what is referred to as an "osmolality." Osmolality simply refers to the concentration of particles dissolved into a particular solution. The osmolality of blood and regular fluids given intravenously to animals or humans is about 300, whereas hypertonic saline is 2,400. This means that hypertonic saline has sodium and chloride levels that are 7 to 8 times higher than what normally is found in blood.
How IVs work...
When we give this solution directly in the jugular vein of cattle — it dramatically increases the blood osmolality. The body really wants to maintain normal osmolality (300), so what happens is that water is sucked from the rumen and intestines into the blood. This works to rapidly rehydrate the cow.
Cows are very good candidates for hypertonic saline because they have a large water reservoir (rumen). So basically, we are raising the osmolality of blood (by giving hypertonic saline) and lowering the osmolality of the rumen (by pumping it with water). The two treatments together will cause a large movement of water from the rumen into other parts of the body.
You can purchase hypertonic saline commercially in1-liter bottles. It should be given to cattle at a dose of 2 milliliters (ml) per pound over a 4- to 5-minute period. This means that a 1,000-pound cow would need 2,000 ml (2 liters) of hypertonic saline given into the jugular vein over a 5-minute period.
After the fluid administration is complete, you should give the cow a supply of fresh water immediately. Most cows will drink 5 to 10 gallons over the next 10 minutes. Cows that do not drink water within 10 minutes of hypertonic saline should have 5 gallons of water pumped into their rumen.
Never give hypertonic saline alone without providing the cow fresh water to drink or pumping the rumen with water. This protocol has been shown to be very safe and is effective for the correcting dehydration in adult cattle. If necessary, it can be repeated for 2 to 3 days in a row.
In summary, fluid therapy should be an important part of your "sick cow" treatment protocols. Just administering antibiotics or other medications without fluids is not fully addressing the cow's problems. If you are not already administering oral fluids and hypertonic saline on a regular basis, work with your veterinarian to become more comfortable in assessing which cows are dehydrated and would benefit from fluid therapy.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


The lrt file extension is related to the Yacc a software tool and used for its log files.
There are 2 other file types using
the LRT file extension!
lrt file icon.lrt - eBook file
lrt file icon.lrt - League of Legends replay file
Detailed description
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LRT file extension - Yacc log file
What is lrt file? How to open lrt files?
File type specification:
Various data file type icon Various data file type
The lrt file extension is associated with the Yacc a general tool for imposing structure on the input to a computer program.
The Yacc user prepares a specification of the input process; this includes rules describing the input structure, code to be invoked when these rules are recognized, and a low-level routine to do the basic input. Yacc then generates a function to control the input process. This function, called a parser, calls the user-supplied low-level input routine (the lexical analyzer) to pick up the basic items (called tokens) from the input stream. These tokens are organized according to the input structure rules, called grammar rules; when one of these rules has been recognized, then user code supplied for this rule, an action, is invoked; actions have the ability to return values and make use of the values of other actions.
The lrt file stores log generated by the Yacc.
This lrt file type entry was marked as obsolete and no longer supported file format.
This type of file is no longer actively used and is most likely obsolete. This is typically the case for system files in old operating systems, file types from long discontinued software, or previous versions of certain file types (like documents, projects etc.) that were replaced in higher versions of their original programs.
Help how to open LRT files:
Due the variability and uncertainty of this file type group, there is no general information available, about how to open this various data file format. However most files with extension from this group are usually not meant to be opened or viewed directly. If there are associated applications or programs listed below the extension description, you can always try to check their website for additional informations on their forums or other type of customer support.
For general information try to look at:
Identifying unknown file formats
How to convert file with extension LRT:
Due the variability and uncertainty of this file type group, there is no general information available, about how to convert this various data file format. However most files with extension from this group are usually not in formats, which can be converted. If there are associated applications or programs listed below the extension description, you can always try to check their website for additional informations on their forums or other type of customer support.
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Yacc: Yet Another Compiler-Compiler
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Emergency clause
The emergency clause is a provision included as part of a bill in the Oklahoma Legislature that allows it to become effective immediately upon the signature of the Governor or at a specified date. Emergency clauses require approval by two-thirds of the members of both chambers and are voted on separately and subsequently to the vote approving a measure. A law cannot become effective fewer than 90 days after sine die adjournment without an emergency clause. The one exception is the General Appropriations bill, which can take effect on July 1st without an emergency clause and by a simple majority. As a result of State Question 640, a revenue bill, as defined under Article V, Section 33 of the Constitution, cannot contain an emergency clause.


text:
Our Current Projects
Massachusetts Construction Update
AmeriCann is delivering sustainability and scale to the cultivation and production of cannabis and cannabis products. The industry standard of utilizing indoor, warehouse cultivation methods is not ideal. Utilizing the talents of experts in traditional agriculture, we are building greenhouses that utilize a fraction of the energy, water and other resources of warehouse facilities.
AmeriCann's commitment to sustainability and best practices from traditional agriculture includes the exploration of solar power, geothermal for heating and cooling (storing heat in the ground during the day and using it at night), co-generation power for electricity, thermal heat, CO2, and water recycling.
Greenhouses use 25% fewer light bulbs than indoor facilities. Overall utility bills are 75% less in greenhouse for comparable warehouse cultivation. Warehouse construction costs an estimated $275 per sq ft to build vs. $125 per sq ft for greenhouse.


by Vitalii Bashun
Installing Hadoop Cluster with Cloudera Manager
clock-icon-white 9 min read
Deploying, configuring and running a Hadoop cluster manually is rather time- and cost-consuming. Here's a helping hand to create a fully distributed Hadoop cluster with Cloudera Manager.
This article shows how fast and easy it may be to install Hadoop cluster with Cloudera Manager. There are three major steps to follow:
 1. Prepare hosts
 2. Install Cloudera Manager
 3. Install Cluster
Since the first two steps may be carried out either manually (in details showcases how to prepare hosts and install Cloudera Manager) or through Vagrant automatization (lets you play with Cloudera Manager due to Vagrant script that automates host preparation and CM installation), this article will cover both approaches.
Deploying, configuring and running a Hadoop cluster manually is rather time- and cost-consuming and may even lead to market position loss if company's business operations depend directly on the technical operations speed; that's why specialized tools are preferable.
Luckily, that's where software comes into play. To make things simpler, here's a helping hand to creating a fully distributed Hadoop cluster with Cloudera Manager to get down to real life practice. Mind though, if you need a dev environment, just download a pre-prepared virtual machine with a pseudo distributed cluster inside.
This step by step guide covers the main highlights of the process (full documentation of Cloudera Manager including security, cluster optimization and fine tuning could be found here). Let's get this Hadoop cluster installed.
Before we start, here's a short glossary that might come in handy:
 - CDH – Cloudera Distribution including Hadoop. CDH includes Hadoop and other applications that are usually used along, e.g. Flume, HBase, Hive, Impala, Kafka, Pig, Spark, Sqoop, etc.
 - Cloudera Manager – a tool for Apache Hadoop administration including such operations as installation, upgrading, host commission/decommission, monitoring
 - Vagrant – a tool for building complete development environments
Used software versions include:
CDH - 5
Cloudera Manager - 5.7
Vagrant - 1.8.1
OS - Centos 6.7
VitrualBox - 4.3.28
Ground Plan
To install a Hadoop cluster:
 1. Prepare servers
 2. Install Cloudera Manager
 3. Install Cloudera Manager Agents and CDH
 4. Install Hadoop cluster
Vagrant
If you are going to practice on your own workstation (not on real servers), it's recommended that the first two steps are automated with Vagrant. Note: make sure you have at least 16 GB of RAM.
To prepare cluster servers and to install Cloudera Manager, do the following:
To make changes in your hosts file and make the virtual machines available by theirs hostnames, Vagrant may ask for the password of a current user. If Vagrant has provisioned and run the cluster successfully, skip steps 1 and 2 (preparing servers and installing Cloudera Manager).
1. Prepare servers
Skip this step if Vagrant was used. Go to the step 3.
For this minimal cluster, 4 servers are needed (minimal requirements for a non-production cluster):
 - 1 x 8Gb RAM (Cloudera Manager + most important Hadoop Services)
 - 3 x 1.2Gb RAM (Data Nodes)
Cloudera Manager Documentation provides the following instruction for each node in a soon-to-be cluster:
 1. Disable Selinux
 2. Setup NTP
 3. Disable firewall
 4. Define host names
These steps are automated in the Vagrant section above. If you prepare your servers manually, use the instructions below. Note: all the instructions are tested for CentOS 6.7. Use appropriate user manual for another OS.
1.1. Disable Selinux
Run the following in the command line:
$> sudo sed -i 's/^\(SELINUX\s*=\s*\).*$/\1disabled/' /etc/selinux/config
This command modifies Selinux's config file disabling Selinux service.
1.2. Setup NTP
NTP service is required to keep system clock on each server synchronized with global time and with each other. Do the following to setup it:
$> sudo yum -y install ntp
$> sudo chkconfig ntpd on
$> sudo service ntpd start
$> sudo hwclock --systohc
1.3. Disable Firewall
$> sudo chkconfig iptables off
1.4. Define host names
1.4.1. Edit /etc/hosts
The /etc/hosts file should have the following inside it:
127.0.0.1 localhost
10.211.55.101 cloudera-1
10.211.55.102 cloudera-2
10.211.55.103 cloudera-3
10.211.55.104 cloudera-4
1.4.2. Define system hostname
Run the following command on each host with a corresponding name (cloudera-1, cloudera-2, cloudera-3, cloudera-4):
$> sudo hostname cloudera-1
1.4.3. Edit /etc/sysconfig/network
The /etc/sysconfig/network file should look as follows:
NETWORKING=yes
HOSTNAME=cloudera-1
RES_OPTIONS="single-request-reopen"
1.4.4. Restart the network service
Restart the network service on each server to apply the changes:
$> sudo service network restart
2. Install Cloudera Manager
Skip this step if Vagrant was used. Go to the step 3.
This step is also automated with Vagrant. If you install it manually, follow the instruction below.
Installation could be divided into the following steps:
 1. Install MySql database
 2. Instal and run Cloudera Manager server
MySql an Cloudera Manager will be installed on cloudera-1 server (8GB of RAM).
2.1. Install MySql database
Install MySql server:
$> yum -y install mysql-server mysql
$> chkconfig mysqld on
Edit MySql configuration /etc/my.cnf in according to Cloudera recommendations:
[mysqld]
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
transaction-isolation = READ-COMMITTED
# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks;
# to do so, uncomment this line:
symbolic-links = 0
key_buffer = 16M
key_buffer_size = 32M
max_allowed_packet = 32M
thread_stack = 256K
thread_cache_size = 64
query_cache_limit = 8M
query_cache_size = 64M
query_cache_type = 1
max_connections = 550
#log_bin should be on a disk with enough free space. Replace '/var/lib/mysql/mysql_binary_log' with an appropriate path for your system
#and chown the specified folder to the mysql user.
log_bin=/var/lib/mysql/mysql_binary_log
# For MySQL version 5.1.8 or later. Comment out binlog_format for older versions.
binlog_format = mixed
read_buffer_size = 2M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 16M
sort_buffer_size = 8M
join_buffer_size = 8M
# InnoDB settings
innodb_file_per_table = 1
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2
innodb_log_buffer_size = 64M
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 4G
innodb_thread_concurrency = 8
innodb_flush_method = O_DIRECT
innodb_log_file_size = 512M
[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
sql_mode=STRICT_ALL_TABLES
Start MySql:
$> service mysqld start
Create a script that sets up MySql security settings:
#!/bin/bash
yum -y install expect
SECURE_MYSQL=$(expect -c "
set timeout 10
spawn mysql_secure_installation
expect \"Enter current password for root (enter for none):\"
send \"\r\"
expect \"Change the root password?\"
send \"n\r\"
expect \"Remove anonymous users?\"
send \"y\r\"
expect \"Disallow root login remotely?\"
send \"n\r\"
expect \"Remove test database and access to it?\"
send \"y\r\"
expect \"Reload privilege tables now?\"
send \"y\r\"
expect eof
")
echo "$SECURE_MYSQL"
Save this script as mysqlsec.sh,


text:
This is a list of names of forced laborers who were buried in the local cemetery of Braunschweig, Germany
· General Information About the List|
· What is in the database
· Searching the Database
As in most parts of Germany, Braunschweig's industries utilized large numbers of forced laborers/prisoners, Jews and non-Jews, often securing them from concentration camps. Many of these workers died from various diseases or simply from exhaustion or starvation, and they were buried locally. In some cases the persons buried there were listed, in others not.
Ossie Schonfeld of Brooklyn had been deported from Czechoslovakia with his father, Abraham, to Auschwitz, and then to forced labor in Braunschweig. Abraham died there and, many years later, Ossie decided to go to Braunschweig and locate the cemetery. He did so and found the names of others who had died there. Exact dates of death are not known. The list appeared in The Jewish Press on August 18, 1995, and is reproduced from there.
This database contains six fields:
There are 217 records.
The file was submitted by Peter D. Lande
Thanks to JewishGen Inc. for providing the website and database expertise to make this database accessible. Special thanks to Susan King, Warren Blatt and Michael Tobias for their continued contributions to Jewish genealogy. Particular thanks to the Research Division headed by Joyce Field and the volunteer project coordinators.
This database is searchable via JewishGen's Holocaust Database.


text:
Coring Swivel Seal Assembly
High pressure, high speed core drilling swivels present an extreme rotary sealing challenge, with pressure up to 3,000 psi (20.7 MPa) and surface speeds of 298 to 497 ft/minute (1.52 to 2.53 m/s). Conventional "Half-V" chevron-type washpipe packings were unable to survive for more than eight hours in this severe application. When Kalsi Seals were implemented in a washpipe/swivel assembly (below) that was designed and licensed by Kalsi Engineering, Inc., a seal life of over 1,400 hours was achieved in the first field use in 1987. Although several seal and hardware advances have occurred since then, the same hardware configuration is still in use today.
The swivel uses two seals. The upper swivel seal serves as a partition between the high pressure drilling fluid and the clean lubricant, and the lower swivel seal retains the pressurized lubricant. A spring-loaded piston amplifies the lubricant pressure slightly above the drilling fluid, which keeps the upper swivel seal square in the gland. This feature helps to maximize the abrasion resistance of the upper seal.
The swivel seals are mounted in a seal carrier that can move laterally at the time of assembly. The assembly procedure includes a step that causes the seal carrier to align itself on the floating washpipe. This alignment step permits the use of a small extrusion gap clearance, which increases the life of the lower swivel seal by minimizing extrusion damage. Kalsi Seals are also used as hydraulic swivel seals; for information, click here.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Top 10 Places to Visit Before They Disappear From the Earth
Traveling around the world to see different sites is one of the most enjoyable things in your life whose benefits cannot be ignored. The experience helps you discover skills that you didn't know you had, it gives you a sense of accomplishment among other benefits. Luckily, there are innumerable places in the world where you can visit and explore. However, some of these destinations are under threat due to neglect and climate change.
For this reason, you need to prioritize such destinations that demand more urgency to visit. Here is a list of these places that you need to visit before they disappear from the earth.
Antarctica is the southernmost continent of the earth and also the driest and coldest continent. It is also a windswept and frozen continent, and as a result, there are no permanent inhabitants. Unfortunately, this unique continent is slowly thawing.
Though there are efforts to try and spare the continent, it is likely that they will minimize the sails and cruises in the continent. Therefore, make an effort to visit Antarctica before it disappears.
#2. The Alps, Europe
The Alps in Europe are one of the best areas for winter sports fans and hikers. Unfortunately, it is likely that this will not continue for a long time since the Alps are significantly affected by the many climate changes.
This is especially because unlike other mountain ranges, the Alps in Europe are at a lower altitude. Since the Alps losses about 3% of the ice per year, it is likely that there will be no more glaciers on the mountain by the year 2050.
#3. Alaska, U.S.A.
Alaska is not only the largest but also most sparsely populated state found in the U.S. states. It is well known for its mountains, forests and diverse terrain of open spaces. Additionally, Alaska has been known as the coldest biome in the world.
However, the Alaska regions have been seen to have a dramatic rise in temperature. The rise in temperature is mainly due to global warming. The increase in temperature in Alaska is way higher than other parts of the world. Therefore, it is likely that the Alaskan tundra will be wholly destroyed within such a short time.
#4. Glacier National Park, U.S.A.
Both local and outdoor visitors have the national glacier park as their most favorite due to its gorgeous lakes and hiking trails spanning alpine meadows. For this reason, it is frustrating to hear that this beautiful park is losing its glaciers.
Initially, there were about 150 glaciers but have now reduced to 25. It is, therefore, likely that there will be no glaciers left by the year 2030. Therefore, make it your priority to visit the national glacier park before it is too late.
#5. Mount Kilimanjaro, Tanzania
The Mount Kilimanjaro found in Tanzania is well known for its beautiful snow-capped top. However, like other glaciers around the world, it is unfortunate that the beautiful snow on top of the mountain is also being destroyed by global warming. According to scientists, the mountain has lost about 85% of the snow that covered the mountain back in 1912.
Additionally, hikes around the mountain have been reduced since the trek is now more popular. It is, therefore, likely that these legendary glaciers will have disappeared entirely within twenty years.
The Maldives have stunning snorkeling sports, five-star resorts and pristine beaches that have lured tourists and honeymoon goers to enjoy them. It is, therefore, unfortunate that there is no bright future for this remarkable place. This is because the Maldives is the world's lowest-lying country with an attitude of about 1.5 meters.
For this reason, the Maldives are in great danger due to the rising sea levels. According to scientists, the Maldives will be completely submerged within the next 100 years.
#7. The Great Barrier Reef, Australia
The Great Barrier Reef in Australia is one of the most biodiverse places in the world. It is home to numerous species of fish, about 600 islands and many coral reefs. Unfortunately, due to coral bleaching and global warming, more than half of the reef has disappeared in the last about three decades. Additionally, pollution and climate change have also led to starfish outbreaks, acidification, and extreme weather. It is believed that the remaining part of the Great Barrier Reef could be destroyed by the year 2030.
#8. Venice, Italy
Venice has been a major source of attraction for many years due to its many beautiful sites. It is also known to be one of the most romantic cities in the world. However, it is important that you visit the city soon because it has shown signs of sinking over the years.
# 9. The Dead Sea
The Dead Sea is found at the lowest point of the earth and is one of the most interesting and intriguing lakes in the world. It is one of the world's saltiest bodies and also known to have mad that is great for the skin. Its high salt levels have attracted visitors from around the world and also allow them to float without effort.
However, both geological and human factors have led to the demise of the Dead Sea. For instance, human activities such as industrial mineral extraction and agricultural activities have posed a danger to the Dead Sea. It is likely that the Dead Sea will have completely dried up within the next 50 years.
# 10. The Amazon Rainforest
The Amazon Rainforest is a vast tropical forest which is known to be the world's largest forest. It is also the source of the Amazon River which is by far the world's largest river. The Amazon forest is a home for more than a third of the earth's animal species and plants. It contains millions of species of birds, insects, and plants, some of which have not yet been scientifically discovered.
Unfortunately, over the last few decades, the Amazon rainforest has been used for industrial agriculture, illegal logging and primarily for mining leading to its destruction. Therefore, hurry and enjoy the adventure of this vast forest before it is too late.
Additionally, severe floods have also led to the disappearance of the canals found around the city. The sinking of the city is also expected to continue since the North Pole continues to melt. Despite various attempts to save the city, climatologists are not sure these will save the city.


text:
Does your SharePoint company site use maps to identify office locations? You can add a geolocation column for a map view in contact lists and libraries. This short video will walk you through a few of the primary steps to setting up map views.
Find out how to:
- Build geolocation fieldtype
- Add a column
- Specify locations
- Find and select latitude/longitude in Bing maps
- Create different views
For more a better way to learn SharePoint tasks, take a few moments to see how inline, in-context, and on-demand help and performance support make a SharePoint deployment so much easier to navigate and use. Get a free 1 hour video demo to watch anytime.


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DIS: Domain database error
This document (_PHONE_) is provided subject to the disclaimer at the end of this document.
Novell GroupWise 8
Novell GroupWise 7
Novell GroupWise 6.5
DIS: Domain database error.
DIS: Domain database error. Transfer domain not found
Transfer domain not found
MTA does not load.
MTA fails to load with domain database error
MTA fails to load; DIS: Domain database error.
This happens when there are multiple domains and the outbound link for one or more domain is set to Direct Link mode via TCPIP. However, there is no IP address seen as it can be seen in the screenshot.
Corrective Action:
This could get very tedious specially when there are a lot of domains involved in a singel GroupWise system
1. Connect to the domain database in ConsoleOne for which MTA fails to load
2. Right-Click | GroupWise Utilities | Link Configuration
3. Check every outbound links for the domain.
4. If everything looks good then from the Drop down box select Primary Domain
5. Now check every outbound link.
Keep following the search process from steps 3 - 5 until you get the link as similar to screenshot above. Kindly check the links thoroughly to ensure nothing is missed.
6. Once the link is found verify the outbound links are for which domain
7. Connect to the domain database that was found in the above step and edit the outbound link
8. Toggle the setting and then save it.
9. Connect to primary domain database and rebuild the secondary domain. The MTA should now load without any errors.
Additional Information
Note: The observation generally seen when connected to secondary domain and checking the link configuration of a primary domain. When conecting the primary domain and then checking the link configuration may or may not display the correct information. Hence Toggling the link configuration and then rebuilding the secondary domain solves the issue. However, it can be that a secondary domain has got wrong info and not primary. The procedure remains the same.
Since this has got to do with link configuration, it can get quite confusing based on the complexity and number of domains and links set. Hence ensure that each link is thoroughly checked.
 - Document ID:_PHONE_
 - Creation Date:20-AUG-09
 - Modified Date:26-APR-12
 - NovellGroupWise
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text:
Tools of the Mind The Vygotskian Approach to Early Childhood EducationAuthor:
Pub Date: 2006
Summary: This unique text provides in-depth information about major concepts and principles of the cultural-historical theory developed by Lev Vygotsky, his students and colleagues, as well as three generations of neo-Vygotskian scholars in Russia and in the West. Tools of the Mind enables teachers to arm young children with the mental tools necessary for learning. Concrete explanations and strategies on how to scaffold young... childrens learning and development are provided throughout the text. These are a product of 15 years of collaboration between the authors and early childhood teachers from diverse programs across the United States, most of which serve children from at-risk populations. Key changes to this expanded edition include: Separate chapters on developmental accomplishments of infants and toddlers, preschoolers/kindergartners, and primary grade children, each followed by a chapter on supporting those accomplishments Additional strategies for supporting children with special needs A new chapter on dynamic assessment as an application of the zone of proximal development Research findings and practical applications from the neo-Vygotskian approach [read more]
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text:
Gas Secretion and Absorption
One clear advantage of having a swimbladder is that little to no extra energy is necessary in order to remain stationary at a constant level of water. Only a slight control by use of the pectoral fins is required to balance out the propulsive force of water exiting the gills. Fish with no swimbladder on the other hand, such as mackerels, sharks, and rays must expend energy by constantly swimming in order to keep from sinking.
| Another advantage of swimbladders is
oxygen storage. Physoclists and physostomes alike may occasionally
use the oxygen present within their bladder as an emergency backup in times
of urgent need, although, this emergency store can only be of aid for a
few minutes (Jones 1957).
Finally, swimbladders in some fish are known to increase hearing abilities. With the presence of inner earswimbladder connections, these fish have exhibited greater sensitivity to sound, however it is not yet clear whether there is also an increase in frequency selectivity (Coombs & Popper 1982a)
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text:
How Luer and Other Small-Bore Connectors are Used in Clinical Settings
Small-bore connectors are parts used to connect medical devices to tubing and accessories that deliver fluids and gases to patients. Small-bore refers to the small size of the opening of the connector.
One of the most commonly used small-bore connectors are Luer connectors—sometimes called Luer fittings or Luers.
There are two types of Luer connectors: slips and locks. In general, a Luer consists of a tapered "male" tip and wider-tapered "female" sleeve that either slide into one another (a Luer slip) or screw together (a Luer lock) to form a secure, yet detachable, leak-proof connection.
A Luer slip connector (left) and a Luer lock connector (right).
Courtesy of Beaumont Hospitals
Examples of Medical Devices that Use Connectors
Many different types of medical devices use small-bore connectors including:
- Blood pressure cuffs and other non-invasive blood pressure devices
- Breathing systems such as anesthesia machines and ventilators
- Enteral feeding tubes that deliver liquid nutrients or medicine to the stomach
- Intravenous devices such as intravenous (IV) lines used to deliver nutritional formulas and medicines
- Neuraxial devices, such as epidural catheters, used to deliver medicines to the epidural space
- Urinary tubing, such as catheters, used to empty the bladder
- Vascular access devices used to obtain blood or monitor blood pressure, gas levels and chemical balances inside a patient's body


Test Co2 Tanks
All gas cylinders under pressure must undergo mandatory DOT testing every five years.
Carbon dioxide (CO2) tanks are used for various reasons, the most frequent being for CO2 fire extinguishers and home beer kegs. All gas cylinders and tanks are required by law to be professionally tested every five years according to Department of Transportation regulations. You should also perform maintenance checks more frequently to ensure safety between these mandatory tests.
Instructions
1. Inspect the tank for rust and dents. Look for any swelling at the seams or surface cracks. Perform a visual inspection of the regulator, and ensure all connections are tight. If a crack is at the cylinder head, or crosses more than one thread, then the tank is unsatisfactory. Use a dentist's angled mirror to inspect hard-to-see areas under the regulator.
2. Prepare a dilute solution of liquid soap in water. Add 2 drops of liquid soap to 50 milliliters of water. Fill a small dropper bottle or spray bottle if available. If not, use a cotton swab to apply the solution. Wet all joint surfaces of the regulator, neck and visible screw threads with the solution and check for bubbles. If you see bubbling, you have a leak at that joint. Tighten the joint and re-test until no bubbles appear.
3. Take the tank to a testing facility. If you are unsure of the tank's condition, or if it does not pass visual inspection or the bubble test, have a professional check it.


text:
What are graded elements and how do they work? Does L&L use them?
- Graded elements are one way kiln manufacturers adjust for the natural top-to-bottom temperature variations in a kiln.
- Graded elements are great when a kiln is brand new. However, elements age, and with different elements in the same kiln they will age at different rates. If you have to change one element (ruined by glaze, for instance) and not the whole set of elements, your kiln may not be so even. This process is also accelerated by higher temperatures.
- Zone control dynamically deals with any such changes and maintains its evenness over time and under different loading conditions.
- L&L uses graded elements on its new School-Master kilns because the temperatures are not so extreme and it allows us to use the less expensive single zone controllers.


text:
Copyright Trolling, An Empirical Study
44 Pages Posted: 6 Mar 2014 Last revised: 25 Aug 2014
Date Written: August 24, 2014
This detailed empirical and doctrinal study of copyright trolling presents new data showing the astonishing rate of growth of multi-defendant John Doe litigation in United States district courts over the past decade. It also presents new evidence of the association between this form of litigation and allegations of infringement concerning pornographic films. Multi-defendant John Doe lawsuits have become the most common form of copyright litigation in several U.S. districts, and in districts such as the Northern District of Illinois, copyright litigation involving pornography accounts for more than half of new cases filed.
This Article highlights a fundamental oversight in the extant literature on copyright trolls. Paralleling discussions in patent law, scholars addressing the troll issue in copyright have applied status-based definitions to determine who is, and is not, a troll. This Article argues that the definition should be conduct-based. Multi-defendant John Doe litigation should be counted as part of copyright trolling whenever these suits are motivated by a desire to turn litigation into an independent revenue stream. Such litigation, when initiated with the aim of turning a profit in the courthouse as opposed to seeking compensation or deterring illegal activity, reflects a kind of systematic opportunism that fits squarely within the concept of litigation trolling. This Article shows that existing status-based definitions of copyright trolls are inapt because they do not account for what is now the most widely practiced from of trolling.
In addition to these empirical and theoretical contributions, this Article explores the features of copyright doctrine that have facilitated the recent explosion in trolling litigation in the form of litigation against John Does. In particular, it shows how statutory damages and permissive joinder make multi-defendant John Doe litigation possible and why allegations of infringement concerning pornographic films are particularly well-suited to this model.
Keywords: Copyright trolls, Patent trolls, Copyright litigation, Empirical legal studies, Statutory damages, Joinder, Pornography
JEL Classification: K00
Suggested Citation: Suggested Citation


text:
AI use case inventory
HHS Sees Expanded Use of Artificial Intelligence Tools in Fiscal Year 2023
The Department of Health and Human Services' artificial intelligence use case inventory more than tripled during fiscal year 2023 to 163 instances from 50 use cases previously. The increase indicates that the department is committed to leveraging trustworthy AI as a critical enabler of its objectives, HHS Chief Information Officer Karl Mathias told FedScoop.
The National Institutes of Health managed most of the HHS's AI tools, followed by the Food and Drug Administration and the Administration for Strategic Preparedness and Response, FedScoop reported.
Among the inventory's newly-reported AI use cases are the tools used by the NIH for classifying HIV-related grants and predicting stem cell research subcategories of applications.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Center for Health Statistics indicated in the inventory that it is looking for an AI tool for transcribing cognitive interviews used for evaluating survey questions and respondents' answers. The center plans to compare outputs from OpenAI's Whisper automatic speech recognition system and VideoBank, a company providing digital asset management tools.
Category: Federal Civilian
Tags: AI inventory artificial intelligence case inventory federal civilian FedScoop Health and Human Services Karl Mathias


text:
Rhythm of Execution
In Bridge and Dam, Pontoise (Le Pont et le barrage, Pontoise) (1881) Cézanne is using a very similar, almost rhythmic, underdrawing scheme similar to that used in L'Hermitage at Pontoise (1881). The path and bridge are outlined in a comparatively meticulous fashion. Masses of foliage are noted in the underdrawing with a characteristic flurry of scribbles. Upon this underdrawing Cézanne merges two modes of paint application; the varied thickness of paint we saw in the L'Hermitage and the much thinner series of washes he used in Turning Road, Auvers-sur-Oise (La Route tournante à Auvers-sur-Oise), also from 1881. The bushes in the foreground and trees on the bank of the river are initially brushed in with a very thin wash as the foreground of L'Hermitage. Atop of these passages Cézanne applies staccato marks of paint similar to those used in Turning Road.


Anti-Racism Statement
Events of the last year have highlighted the systemic racism that exists in Canadian society and around the world. Working within the sport and recreation sectors, we recognize that systemic racism exists here, too. The Sport for Life Society (S4L) and Physical Literacy for Life (PL4L) charity believe that equity, diversity, inclusion and accessibility are foundational to a successful and healthy sport and physical activity ecosystem.
We stand against racism and will be intentional when working towards creating an inclusive and positive environment for everyone to enjoy the benefits of sport and physical activity. Inaction perpetuates systemic racism, but by actively supporting anti-racist policies, programs and services, Sport for Life will work to disrupt, dismantle and abolish racism in the programs, services and resources we deliver, both alone and in partnership with others.
Sport for Life will be purposeful in adding our voice to the powerful messages of anti-racism around the world and ensure our programming, services and resources are inclusive to everyone regardless of race, colour, religion, age, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, gender expression or national origin.


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Surviving Child's Insurance Benefits (SCIB) is also funded by the FICA tax, which is the payroll tax that is paid by employees and employers. SCIB provides financial assistance to children whose parent(s) or grandparent(s) have died. You may be entitled to SCIB if your parent(s) or grandparent(s) worked long enough to have earned sufficient quarters of coverage to be currently or fully insured. The number of years that your parent(s) or grandparent(s) must have worked for you to be eligible for SCIB depends upon the age of your parent(s) or grandparent(s) when he/she died. The maximum number of years that parent or grandparent had to work to be insured is 10 years to earn 40 quarters of coverage.
To qualify for SCIB if you are a child, or, in some cases, an adopted child, a stepchild, grandchild, or step grandchild, you must meet the following requirements:
 1. You are dependent on the insuredThe evidence required to prove your dependency will vary based upon how you are related to the insured.
 1. You may be asked to show that you lived with the insured at one time OR
 2. You received contributions for your support from the insured OR
 3. The insured provided at least one-half of your support.
 2. AND
 3. You are the insured's natural child by meeting any of the following conditions:
 1. Under the state law where the insured had his permanent residence when he/she died, you could inherit a child's share of the insured's personal property if he/she were to die without a will OR
 2. Your mother or father had a ceremony, which would have resulted in a valid marriage between them except for a legal impediment OR
 3. Your mother or father did not marry the insured, but the insured acknowledged in writing that you are his/ her child OR
 4. A court has decreed that the insured is your father or mother or a court ordered that your mother or father contribute to your support because you are his/her child. The acknowledgment, court decree, or court order must have been made or issued before the insured's death
 5. OR
 6. Your mother or father has not married the insured but you have evidence, other than above, to show that the insured is your natural father or mother. Additionally, you must have evidence to show that the insured was either living with you or contributing to your support when the insured died.
 4. You are unmarried
 5. AND
 6. You are under age 18 OR
 7. You are 18 years or older and qualify for benefits as a full-time student in grade 12 or below as described in 20 CFR 404.367.
Other Benefits
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text:
Proof of Income Letter | Editable | PDF
Proof of Income Letter: Income letter defines the total income of any person and proof of the income letter will help to prove anybody that you have that income and source of the income.
Here is our new letter which is proof of income letter.
- Completely Editable format with word file.
- PDF downloadable file
- PNG image downloadable file.
You will be able to change Logo, Tagline and all the written text inside the file.


text: Central America is an ideal region for comparative phylogeographic studies because of its intricate geologic and biogeographic history, diversity of habitats and dynamic climatic and tectonic history. The aim of this work was to assess the phylogeography of two rodents codistributed throughout Central America, in order to identify if they show concordant genetic and phylogeographic patterns. The synopsis includes four parts: (1) an overview of the field of comparative phylogeography; (2) a detailed review that describes how genetic and geologic studies can be combined to elucidate general patterns of the biogeographic and evolutionary history of Central America; and a phylogeographic analysis of two species at both the (3) intraspecific and (4) comparative phylogeographic levels. The last incorporates specific ecological features and evaluates their influence on the species' genetic patterns. Results showed a concordant genetic structure influenced by geographic distance for both rodents, but dissimilar dispersal patterns due to ecological features and life history.


text:
Definition of Africanize
verb [with object]
1make African in character: (as adjective Africanized)an Africanized form of Cajun music (in Africa) restructure (an organization) by replacing white employees with black Africans.
(usually as adjective Africanized
) hybridize (honeybees of European stock) with bees of African stock, producing an aggressive strain. In recent years hybrids have spread from Brazil to the US, where they have become known colloquially as "killer bees.".


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What is the maximum number of characters for a Lotus Notes text field? In Lotus Notes clients, I am encountering a 32K error.
share|improve this question
Guess you found it... – Chris Lively Apr 30 '09 at 17:20
4 Answers 4
up vote -1 down vote accepted
The default max length for a text field is 254 characters. The maximum length allowed for a text field is 15,360 characters.
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This is an oldie but a goodie. I had to work that one out the hard way using a binary chop approach to isolate the actualy number. Some good advice about getting around it _URL_ and a technote from IBM _URL_ – giulio Jul 4 '13 at 23:54
There is no "default limit" of 254 characters on a text field in Lotus Notes and Domino. Limits that small only come into play in a few cases, like the size of a string written or read from notes.ini, or from an ACL entry.
The answer according to IBM in the Domino Designer 8.5.x help files is that a text field has a limit 32k bytes. However the Notes 8.5.x C API help files state that the maximum size of an item is 64k bytes, however if the summary flag is set the maximum size is 32k. The summary flag is required for text fields that are used in view columns, and Notes forms always assume that the flag is set. You have to use LotusScript or Java or Notes C API code to work with non-summary items.
Two things complicate this: 1) If there are other summary items stored in the document, each summary text item is competing with all other summary items for space in the summary buffer (which is where view data comes from), and that limit is also 32k. And 2) older versions of Lotus Notes and Domino had a 15k limit on the summary buffer, but it is unclear to me whether it is just the Notes and Domino software version, or the on-disk storage (ODS) version of the NSF file that impacts the summary buffer size.
So, the best information is that you can have a computed-for-display text field of up to 64k, and you may be able to have a stored non-summary text field of up to 64k, but if it is an ordinary summary text field the limit is either 15k or 32k depending on the version of software, and maybe also depending on the ODS.
Bear in mind that LMBCS characters may be multi-byte, so a 32k limit does not necessarily imply 32k characters.
share|improve this answer
Depending on what you are trying to do, you can use a Notes rich-text field, which does not have the 32k size restriction. So, you could use this "rich-text" field to store text only - this is essentially accomplishing the setting of the.isSummary attribute to false, but does not require you to add any script code. Rich-text fields cannot be rendered in views.
share|improve this answer
It is a bit more complicated than that - depending on the version you can increase the size of text fields to 32K by setting the.isSummary property of the NotesItem for the field using the Lotusscript QuerySave event, however this will mean you can't display data from the field in views.
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Your Answer


text:
school eye screening versus a primary eye care model to provide refractive error services for children in India
Aim: To compare the cost-effectiveness of school eye screening (SES) for refractive errors with a primary eye care (PEC) model that provides comprehensive eye care, including refractive services, to children of school age.
Methods: Retrospective data from SES and PEC clinics in Delhi slums for 2005-2006 were examined. Children who had been dispensed spectacles through both models over 12 months were surveyed. Visual acuity with and without spectacles was measured and the children's spectacle-wearing behaviour was evaluated. The quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) gained were calculated using utility analysis for each model and were compared.
Results: The SES model was more cost-effective than the PEC model in all areas. In the SES model, the cost to examine a child was US $0.64, the cost to examine and dispense spectacles was US $12.13, and the undiscounted cost per QALY was US $18.11. In the PEC model the cost of examining a child was US $3.10, the cost of examining and dispensing spectacles was US $25.58, and the undiscounted cost per QALY was US $45.42. The correlation of spectacles prescribed to spectacles manufactured was excellent in both models, with a combined correlation of 98%. The sensitivity of teachers screening for vision impairment was 100%, while their specificity was 59.8%.
Conclusion: School eye screening in India is a highly cost-effective method of correcting visual impairment due to refractive errors in school-age children and should be expanded where possible. As not all children can be examined through school screening, comprehensive eye care clinics play an important role in the correction of refractive errors, but at a higher cost.


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text:
Latter Day Saints -- Utah -- Springville
Found in 9 Collections and/or Records:
Contains correspondence to and from the Boyer family. The correspondence includes letter from the Boyer children, other Boyer relatives, family friends, and organizations. The letters are written on the subject of family events and news, as well as other subjects. Dated 1925 to 1997.
Handwritten diary kept by Simon Eugene Dalton with entries on his life while living as a farmer and member of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Springville, Utah. Dated _PHONE_.
Contains the business and personal papers of the Boyer family. These include talks, notes from the various organizations that Edward and Vesta belonged to, and meeting minutes. There are also papers pertaining to the Utah Farm Bureau including newsletters and brochures. All of these are related to agricultural work or community involvement. Dated _PHONE_.
Edward Herbert and Vesta Josephine Frost Boyer correspondence to extended family and friends, _PHONE_
Contains letters to the Boyer family from their extended family and friends, including Dorothea Parent and her family, Leota Lewis, Geneva Gilbert, Peter Frost, Mary Boyer, John and Virginia Hume, and many other individuals. These documents convey information about the family and also deal with some issues of business. Dated _PHONE_.
Contains only correspondence of the immediate Boyer family. This includes letters from the children of Vesta and Edward Boyer and their children's families. There are also letters from Edward and Vesta to each other. These letters include missionary letters, letters from service in the army, letters documenting their children's experience in college, and mostly documenting family life. Dated _PHONE_.
Contains photographs, newspaper clippings, postcards, and a scrapbook. These materials document family members and their travels, as well as achievements. Some of them relate to the work and community of Edward and Vesta Boyer. Dated 1967.
Contains the diaries of Vesta Josephine Frost Boyer. These diaries document her daily activities, including her social engagements, family birthdays and events, and her other appointments. Dated 1925 to 1984.


text:
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Soft and hard-magnetic material improvements give rise to ever more complex electromagnetic devices that require fast and accurate modeling in the three-dimensional domain. This paper is the first to present a semianalytical 3-D modeling technique based on Fourier analysis that is able to calculate the fringing fields in 3-D slotted cylindrical structures assuming linear material properties. The magnetic field distribution is obtained by subdividing such structures into concentric regions and by selecting the appropriate boundary conditions. The complete model is introduced and a generic magnetic field formulation in the cylindrical coordinate system is obtained. Furthermore, the boundary conditions are extensively discussed and the numerical implementation is presented. The method is described in a general manner to enable modeling of a wide range of electromagnetic devices. By means of an example, the modeling technique is validated with a finite element analysis.


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Why This World
A Biography of Clarice Lispector
Why This World by Benjamin Moser
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That rare person who looked like Marlene Dietrich and wrote like Virginia Woolf, Clarice Lispector is one of the most popular but least understood of Latin American writers. Now, after years of research on three continents, drawing on previously unknown manuscripts and dozens of interviews, Benjamin Moser demonstrates how Lispector's art was directly connected to her turbulent life. Born amidst the horrors of post-World War I Ukraine, Clarice's beauty, genius, and eccentricity intrigued Brazil virtually from her adolescence. Why This World tells how this precocious girl, through long exile abroad and difficult personal struggles, matured into a great writer, and asserts, for the first time, the deep roots in the Jewish mystical tradition that make her both the heir to Kafka and the unlikely author of "perhaps the greatest spiritual autobiography of the twentieth century." From Ukraine to Recife, from Naples and Berne to Washington and Rio de Janeiro, Why This World shows how Clarice Lispector transformed one woman's struggles into a universally resonant art.
Oxford University Press, USA; August 2009
496 pages; ISBN 9780199743926
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Title: Why This World
Author: Benjamin Moser
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South American Blackwater Biotope Aquarium Setup
A biotope aquaria is an aquarium that is set-up to simulate a natural habitat. The fish, plants, water chemistry, and furnishings are similar to those that can be found in a specific natural setting.
Always check compatibility! Some species from a particular habitat are not suitable tankmates. For example, the Peacock Bass will eat small tetras since they are their natural food in the wild.
The biotope aquarium can be adapted by adding species from disparate areas that have similar water requirements.
[Photos from various habitats/biotopes]
Freshwater fish species listed by country and ecosystem -- excellent resources for constructing biotope aquaria.
South American Blackwater Stream
Blackwater ponds, creeks, and rivers originate in the rain-forest. In the slow-moving waters, acids are leeched from decaying vegetation creating very transparent, tea-colored water. These waters have almost no measurable water hardness and an acidic pH.
The substrate in blackwater habitats is typically leaf litter over a base of fine clay or sand. Decaying wood and plant matter is common especially in flooded igapo forest. There are many submerged terrestrial plants, many of which retain most of their leaves.
Rio Negro
pH: 4.5-6.5, 0-4 dH, 81-86 F (27-30 C)
Furnish the tank with bog wood and a dark, fine gravel substrate.
There can be subdued lighting and still water.
Peat filtration is recommended.
Sword plants, Heteranthera, Ceratophyllum, Vallisneria, Cabomba
Discus, Angelfish, Dwarf Cichlids, Tetras, Hatchetfish, Corydoras, Farlowella, Loricarids.
Blackwater River: Brazil, Venezuela, Rio Negro (Brazil), Rio Negro (Brazil), Rio Negro (Brazil), Rio Negro (Brazil), Mixing of Waters - Rio Negro and the Amazon, Mixing of Waters - Rio Negro and the Amazon, Brazil, Brazil, Rio Negro Beach, Rio Negro Beach.
Blackwater Lake: Brazil,
South American Blackwater Creek Mountain blackwater creek: Venezuela, Venezuela, Venezuela.
Blackwater creek: Venezuela
Igapo: Brazil, Brazil, Brazil, Brazil, Brazil, Brazil.
Altum Angelfish Biotope Aquarium Pictures
Discus Biotope Aquarium Pictures


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If sugar quotas were eliminated, and American consumers and business had been able to purchase 100% their sugar in 2009 at the world price in 2009 (average of 22.1 cents per pound) instead of the average U.S. price of 38.1 cents, they would have saved almost $2.5 billion. In other words, forcing Americans to pay 38.1 cents for inefficiently produced beet sugar instead of 22.1 cents for efficiently produced cane sugar, costs Americans an additional 16 cents per pound for the 15.4 billion pounds of American sugar produced annually, which translates to almost $2.5 billion. (Note: This is an estimate based on the assumptions that: a) the amount of sugar consumed in the U.S. and b) world prices, wouldn't change.)
Bottom Line: The cost of most trade protection is largely invisible and hard to calculate, but the cost of sugar protection is directly visible and measurable, since the USDA and the futures markets regularly report prices for both high-cost domestic sugar and low-cost world sugar. Like all protection, sugar tariffs exist to protect an inefficient domestic industry (sugar beet farmers) from more efficient foreign producers (cane sugar farmers), and come at the expense of the U.S. consumers and the American companies using sugar as an input, and make our country worse off, on net.


A line search exact penalty method using steering rules
Richard H. Byrd, Gabriel Lopez-Calva, Jorge Nocedal*
*Corresponding author for this work
Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review
56 Scopus citations
Abstract
Line search algorithms for nonlinear programming must include safeguards to enjoy global convergence properties. This paper describes an exact penalization approach that extends the class of problems that can be solved with line search sequential quadratic programming methods. In the new algorithm, the penalty parameter is adjusted at every iteration to ensure sufficient progress in linear feasibility and to promote acceptance of the step. A trust region is used to assist in the determination of the penalty parameter, but not in the step computation. It is shown that the algorithm enjoys favorable global convergence properties. Numerical experiments illustrate the behavior of the algorithm on various difficult situations.
Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)39-73
Number of pages35
JournalMathematical Programming
Volume133
Issue number1-2
DOIs
StatePublished - Jun 2012
ASJC Scopus subject areas
 - Software
 - General Mathematics
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Let me denote $X_n$ the set of transpositions in $n$ elements. Equivalently, $X_n$ is the set of doubletons in $[1,n]\times[1,n]$. The cardinality of $X_n$ is $N=\frac{n(n-1)}{2}$.
If $f:{\mathbb Z}/N{\mathbb Z}\rightarrow X_n$ is a bijection, let us denote $$r(f):=\min\{|\ell-m|;\ell\ne m\quad\hbox{and}\quad f(\ell)\cap f(m)\ne\emptyset\}.$$ Finally, let us define $$R_n:=\max\{r(f);\hbox{bijections}\quad f:{\mathbb Z}/N{\mathbb Z}\rightarrow X_n\}.$$
What is the asymptotics of $R_n$ as $n\rightarrow+\infty$. Is it $R_n\sim cn$ for some $c\in(0,\frac12)$? Or do we have $R_n=o(n)$?
My motivation comes from a numerical algorithm due to Jacobi for the calculation of the spectrum of Hermitian matrices. Each step operates on a pair of rows/columns, with the effect of settong the entry $a_{ij}$ to zero. Once one has act on a row, it seems better to avoid coming back to it too soon. On an other hand, one needs to visit every pairs $(i,j)$ every $N$ steps.
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2 Answers 2
up vote 11 down vote accepted
Close to $n/2$ is possible. I'll do odd $n$ and leave even $n$ for someone else's pleasure.
Let $m=(n-1)/2$. For $i=0,\ldots,n-1$ and $j=1,\ldots,m$, let $M(i,j)$ be the pair $\{i-j,i+j\}$ (all values taken mod $n$, of course). The solution is $$ M(0,1).\ldots,M(0,m),M(1,1),\ldots,M(1,m),\ldots,M(n-1,1),\ldots,M(n-1,m).$$
Graph theorists will note that this is a standard 1-factorization of $K_n$ listed one factor at a time.
$M(i,j_1)$ and $M(i,j_2)$ are disjoint for $j_1\ne j_2$, so the only chance of two overlapping pairs being closer than $m$ positions is two pairs of the form $M(i,j_1)$ and $M(i+1,j_2)$. A little thought shows that $M(i,j)$ overlaps $M(i+1,j-1)$ and $M(i+1,j+1)$ and no other pairs $M(i+1,j')$. Thus the minimum separation is $m-1=(n-3)/2$.
There are $n-1$ pairs $\{0,j\}$, so two of them must be at most distance $\lfloor N/(n-1)\rfloor = (n-1)/2$, still assuming $n$ is odd. This shows that the solution above is at most 1 worse than the optimum.
EDIT: For even $n$, $(n-2)/2$ is achievable and is optimal. The remaining loose end is whether $(n-1)/2$ is possible for odd $n$.
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That's very neat. I tried for something like that but couldn't do better than $n/4$. – Noam D. Elkies Sep 6 '11 at 4:25
Thanks. In the case of $n$ odd and separation $m=(n−1)/2$, any $m$ pairs in a row must be a matching, and any $2m$ in a row must be a hamiltonian path. I didn't find such a solution for $n=5$ but I didn't yet try systematically. – Brendan McKay Sep 6 '11 at 5:22
Unless my program has a bug (for the first time ever ;), there are no solutions for $n$ odd and separation $m=(n−1)/2$ with $5\le n\le 23$. So I conjecture that $(n-3)/2$ is optimal. – Brendan McKay Sep 6 '11 at 9:40
And of course, $n$ odd implies that the map $(i,j)\mapsto(i-j,i+j)$ is a bijection. – Denis Serre Sep 6 '11 at 12:50
$R_n \geq n/16$ can be obtained by starting from an arbitrary $f$ and then switching pairs of transpositions to get rid of any overlapping pairs whose images are too close to each other.
Suppose $r(f) < k$, and suppose $f(l)$ overlaps some $f(m)$ with $0 < |l-m| < k$. We want to find some $l'\in{\bf Z}/N{\bf Z}$ such that:
$f(l')$ does not overlap $f(m)$ for any $m \neq l$ with $|l-m| < k$, and
$f(l)$ does not overlap $f(m')$ for any $m' \neq l'$ with $|l'-m'| < k$.
Now any transposition overlaps with $2n-4$ others. Thus each of our two conditions excludes at most $(2n-4) (2k-2)$ choices of $l'$. We must also exclude the $2n-4$ choices of $l'$ such that $f(l')$ itself overlaps with $f(l)$. As long as $N-1 > (2n-4)(4k-3)$, we can find such $l'$. Since $N = (n^2-n)/2$, this condition is satisfied as long as $k < n/16 - O(1)$; indeed since $N-1 = (n-2)(n+1)/2$ our condition simplifies to $k \leq (n+13)/16$. So if $k \leq (n+13)/16$ we can switch two transpositions so as to increase by at least $1$ the number of transpositions without an offending overlap. Doing this at most $N$ times yields a bijection $f: {\bf Z}/N{\bf Z} \rightarrow X_n$ with $r(f) \geq k$, as claimed.
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The Arafura Jungles form a site with an area of about 5000 ha in eastern Arnhem Land, in the Top End of the Northern Territory of Australia. It contains twelve patches of monsoon vine forest of areas varying from 1.5 ha to 50 ha, representing four distinct floristic types, in the sandstone escarpment bordering the eastern edge of the Arafura Swamp, 12 km north of Mirrngadja. It is listed on the now-defunct Register of the National Estate.
The patches are of both wet and dry jungles, with the wet typically occupying sheltered spring or creek fed sites in gorges, and with the dry occupying less sheltered sites on cliffs and scree slopes that receive no water during the dry season. Plants of conservation significance include the ferns Angiopteris evecta and Adiantium aethiopicum, the vine Freycinettia percostata and the orchid Didymoplexus pallens.


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We report preliminary results from simulations of single-phase and two-phase flow through three-dimensional tomographic reconstructions of Fontainebleau sandstone. The simulations are performed with the lattice-Boltzmann method, a variant of lattice-gas cellular-automation models of fluid mechanics. Simulations of single-phase flow on a sample of linear size 0.2 cm yield a calculated permeability in the range 1.0–1.5 darcys, depending on direction, which compares qualitatively well with a laboratory measurement of 1.3 darcys on a sample approximately an order of magnitude larger. The sensitivity of permeability calculations to sample size, grid resolution, and choice of model parameters is quantified empirically. We also present a qualitative study of immiscible two-phase flow in a sample of linear size 0.05 cm; simulations of both drainage and imbibition are presented.
Weitere Kapitel dieses Buchs durch Wischen aufrufen
- Lattice-Boltzmann Simulations of Flow Through Fontainebleau Sandstone
Daniel H. Rothman
- Springer Netherlands


EIXO Program - Audiences with specific needs
EIXO (axis) is the foundation when building a house. This program is, in essence, the column of the Educational Service of the Carlos Machado Museum, a museum that values inclusiveness, of all and for all.
Diversity means different experiences of the world around us. In a Museum, this reality is notorious, since in its physical space, some people might have difficulties, either for physical or mental and cognitive reasons, to enjoy what the Museum has to offer in its fullness.
This project arises to make the museum the most inclusive possible through the Educational Service.
These actions take shape through visits guided by a member of the Educational Service to the various exhibitions that the museum presents, using mediation techniques and objects that meet the needs of the public; workshops that explore the Museum's collections; conversation sessions, debates, encouraging new perspectives on the museum's collections.
Within the scope of the EIXO program, we develop activities according to the needs of our audiences. Therefore, we ask interested entities to contact the Educational Service in order to prepare an appropriate visit to the specificities of each group.


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nbox repair tool or Scanpst.exe is provided with MS Outlook program utility that helps in fixing or repairing problems of PST file corruption. Outlook stores important email, calendars, notes, journals and many such important data. However if outlook users are unable to access or send emails, it may be due to PST file corruption. If ignored it can result in complete loss of Outlook data. Thus it is advised to fix this issue by running inbox repair tool or Scanpst.exe utility.
In order to run inbox repair tool, Outlook users may use the following steps:
1. Firstly, click on the start button and then select the Find or search button.
2. It is advised to type the Scanpst.exe in the search field and press Find button.
3. Once the Scanpst.exe or inbox repair tool appears as search result, proceed further by double clicking it.
4. After opening the inbox repair tool application, select and navigate to the the PST file to be scanned. One has to wait for some time till the scanning process is in progress.
5. It may take time if the PST file is large in size.
6. However, if you are unable to repair the corruption using this utility, try third party PST repair software to scan and repair such PST corruption.
Posted 491 dy ago


Antonyms of TOTTERING
Examples of usage:
 1. The chief officer of the palace, Fray Antonio de Villacastin, seeing Ulrich slip from his horse, hastened to receive the tottering soldier's tidings, and led him to the church. "The Complete Historical Romances of Georg Ebers" by Georg Ebers
 2. If this should get worse, food and especially drink sometimes return by the nose, and next there may be a slight squint, and the sight may become weakened, and an uncertain tottering gait; and sometimes for a week or two the child may be unable even to stand. "The Mother's Manual of Children's Diseases" by Charles West, M.D.
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Michigan –-(Ammoland.com)- The Michigan Department of Natural Resources and Audubon Great Lakes have announced a new bird conservation partnership. A joint position, which has been filled by former Audubon Important Bird Areas program coordinator Caleb Putnam, has been tasked with establishing a new conservation outreach program in Michigan with a special focus on birds.
Putnam has worked for Audubon since 2006, overseeing the identification and protection of 102 Important Bird Areas throughout Michigan. These areas are sites critical to the long-term conservation of birds. He brings a wealth of experience in the birding and bird conservation communities, as well as a diverse background in ornithology and wildlife management.
"I'm extremely excited to work on behalf of both organizations to engage the public in conversations related to bird conservation across various landscapes, including state-managed land," said Putnam.
One aspect of the position is to communicate bird conservation actions, policies and priorities of the DNR and Audubon to the public and stakeholder groups through a variety of means – including the creation of a steering committee. The committee will consist of conservation groups within the birding and hunting communities that will be tasked with guiding this program.
As the appointed managers of Michigan's wildlife, the DNR Wildlife Division has the potential to affect more than 10 million acres of public and private land statewide.
"This partnership makes good sense, because there are many wildlife watchers who enjoy DNR state game areas. However, because these folks traditionally haven't been part of our daily discussions about managing these lands, we could be missing out on good ideas and critical input," said Russ Mason, DNR Wildlife Division chief.
"We have strong relationships with the hunting community. We want to bridge these two communities so they appreciate each other. This partnership could have an outstanding impact on this state."
Audubon is focused on conserving ecosystems and habitats for both wildlife and people. In the Great Lakes region, Audubon has a particular focus on coastal wetlands and watersheds that provide critical habitat for breeding and migratory birds while also filtering and storing water.
"Audubon is thrilled to partner with Michigan Department of Natural Resources to foster collaborations between the birding and conservation communities and to introduce new audiences to the birds and public natural areas of Michigan," said Audubon Great Lakes Executive Director Rebeccah Sanders. "Michigan's vast lakeshores and centralized location within the Great Lakes make it an integral location to focus regional bird conservation efforts."
Together, these two organizations plan to change the conversations between Michigan's conservation groups.
Now in its second century, Audubon's mission is to conserve and restore natural ecosystems, focusing on birds, other wildlife, and their habitats for the benefit of humanity and the earth's biological diversity. Audubon has two state chapters in Michigan: Michigan Audubon and Detroit Audubon Society.
This post Michigan DNR and Audubon Great Lakes Announce New Partnership and Joint Position appeared first on AmmoLand.com Shooting Sports News .


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Sometimes calculating how much fertilizer to place on your lawn can be very difficult to figure out. Rutgers University released a publication that easily and quickly allows you to calculate how much fertilizer to use per square foot. The calculation is based upon how much nitrogen is in your fertilizer, and depending on that percentage you get your precise fertilizer calculation.
- Skill level:
Other People Are Reading
Locate on your fertilizer container how much nitrogen is located in the fertilizer mix. This is crucial to calculating how much fertilizer is needed. Most fertilizers have a 1 to 46 percent nitrogen mix.
Locate Table 1 in the Rutgers University PDF file in "Resources," below. Match up the percentage of nitrogen from the container with the left column on the list. Across from it is the amount of fertilizer you need per square feet in pounds of fertilizer.
Multiple the length of your lawn by the width of your lawn to calculate the square footage. Finally, take the square footage of your lawn and multiply that by the pounds from the table that corresponds with your nitrogen percentage.
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Solid-liquid interfacial energy of aminomethylpropanediol
Ocak Y. , Akbulut S., Keslioglu K., Maraşlı N.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS, cilt.41, 2008 (SCI İndekslerine Giren Dergi) identifier identifier
Özet
The grain boundary groove shapes for equilibrated solid aminomethylpropanediol, 2-amino-2 methyl-1.3 propanediol (AMPD) with its melt were directly observed by using a horizontal temperature gradient stage. From the observed grain boundary groove shapes, the Gibbs-Thomson coefficient (Gamma), solid - liquid interfacial energy (sigma(SL)) and grain boundary energy (sigma(gb)) of AMPD have been determined to be (5.4 +/- 0.5) x 10(-8) Km, (8.5 +/- 1.3) x 10(-3) J m(-2) and (16.5 +/- 2.8) x 10(-3) Jm(-2), respectively. The ratio of thermal conductivity of equilibrated liquid phase to solid phase for the AMPD has also been measured to be 1.12 at the melting temperature.


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Sector : Government Organisations
Flow's significant involvement in investigating options for an additional Waitemata Harbour Crossing for the NZ Transport Agency (in partnership with KiwiRail) includes a study to examine the business case for a bridge, or alternatively a tunnel, between the Central Motorway Junction in the city centre and Esmonde Road on the North Shore.
A challenge for assessing options was to understand the effects of an additional crossing.
As part of the wider project team, Flow was responsible for detailed traffic modelling and the assessment of effects. This assessment included the effects of a new crossing on the operation of local road networks, and identifying walking and cycling issues and opportunities.
With regards to potential active transport opportunities, Flow assessed the potential demand for walking and cycling trips in association with the additional crossing. The aim of the assessment was to identify gaps in current and proposed infrastructure to be addressed before the implementation of the third crossing.
Investigations for improved pedestrian and cycling facilities were recommended as a result of the assessment.


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10 Anti-Tobacco Champions Celebrated During Non-Smoking Week
The Lung Association & Heart and Stroke Foundation recognize
community leadership on tobacco issues
VANCOUVER - January 18, 2013 - A fearless smoke-free housing advocate, a trailblazing post-secondary institution, and a retired city councillor are among 10 individuals and organizations recognized as 2013 Champions for Tobacco-Free Living Award Winners by the BC Lung Association and the Heart and Stroke Foundation (BC & Yukon).
The awards, launched for the first time this year, will be presented during National Non-Smoking Week (January 20 to 26, 2013). Winners were nominated by community members, public health staff and health care professionals in BC, all of whom felt their nominees were making great advances to clear the air of second-hand smoke, help people quit and encourage British Columbians to stay tobacco-free.
"Recent headlines have many thinking the most pressing public health concerns are obesity and lack of physical activity, or perhaps illegal drug use. All are important. However, the leading cause of preventable death in BC is tobacco-related illness," says Scott McDonald, CEO, BC Lung Association. "Thanks to Champions like these we continue to make progress on this important issue."
British Columbia has some of the strongest tobacco control legislation in Canada and the lowest smoking rate (14 percent) of any province or territory. Still, there is more work to be done – and these 10 Champions are helping lead the way.
"We feel it's extremely important to honour and acknowledge the important work being done by individuals and organizations to affect positive change on tobacco issues. We hope to inspire others to do the same," adds Diego Marchese, CEO, Heart and Stroke Foundation (BC & Yukon). "Reducing tobacco use and exposure to second-hand tobacco smoke are amongst the most important measures available to increase overall public health."
PHOTO ALBUM of 2013 Award Winners (more photos coming)
In alphabetical order by organization name or surname:
As the regional manager for The Medicine Shoppe, a tobacco-free pharmacy chain, Ray is committed to improving and increasing pharmacists' ability to help customers become tobacco-free and manage their chronic health challenges. Since joining the pharmacy chain seven years ago, Ray has put his entrepreneurial strengths to work, helping establishing a course in quit smoking counselling for pharmacists, as well as developing partnerships with the BC Lung Association QuitNow Team, the Canadian Mental Health Association and others. Based on the program's success, Ray is currently furthering plans to take the training national. Download Ray's full story
Dr. Bass has fought the dangers of tobacco use at all levels from advocating smoke-free workplaces, to helping smokers to quit, to rallying against the only industry allowed to market a lethal product that kills its users. Originally from the US, Dr. Bass joined the Vancouver Health Department in 1975. Soon after, he collaborated with the BC Medical Association to founded its Tobacco and Illness Committee. This trailblazing group of physicians helped reframe thinking on tobacco addiction as an epidemic, tobacco as a dangerous product and the tobacco industry as a main propagator of the epidemic. In 1989, he founded the 'BC Doctors' Stop-Smoking Program' to help BC doctors help their patients to stop smoking. In 1997, the program evolved into 'the Society for Clinical Preventive Care', which sought until 2007 to make all effective forms of clinical prevention a reality. He continues fighting today, tireless in his efforts to make a difference.
Rose Marie suffers from limited mobility and endurance due to chronic health issues. In 2007, due to worsening health, she began to search for an affordable social housing solution on a 'Persons-with-Disability' income. She found Kiwanis Park Place, a social housing complex near Crescent Beach, and accepted rental of what she understood to be a smoke-free unit. Upon settling in, however, Rose Marie found herself surrounded by smokers and at the centre of the latest battleground in the fight against tobacco: other people's homes. Today, Rose Marie is a leading advocate and trailblazer in the fight for increased smoke-free housing options. Download Rose Marie's full story
A retired oncologist and long-standing advocate for tobacco-free living, Dr. Coy supports any and all efforts to reduce British Columbians use of and exposure to tobacco, be it by backing increased tobacco cessation support funding, or speaking out in favour of tougher tobacco legislation and policies. Dr. Coy's crowning achievement was leading the Capital Regional District's Smoke-Free Task Force since the late 1980s. The task force worked tirelessly to implement smoking bans in all public places in Victoria and its surrounding areas, and was the first region in Canada to do so. They also succeeded in increasing school education, prevention and quit smoking programs and building public awareness of the harmful effects of second-hand smoke in homes and vehicles, particularly on children. Download Dr. Coy's full story
The first BC resort to declare itself smoke-free in 2009, Grouse Mountain is committed to promoting a health-oriented, family-friendly environment. Now in their fifth year as a smoke-free resort, Grouse Mountain is frequently asked to share lessons learned with other BC resorts considering changes to their tobacco policies and continues to support employees' efforts to quit by making them aware of free support available and subsidizing quit-smoking aids. The largest youth employer on Vancouver's North Shore, and host to more than a million visitors per year, Grouse Mountain's smoke-free status makes an important public statement about the serious hazards of tobacco use.
A lifelong anti-tobacco activist, Errol was best known in years past for his alter ego, 'The Grim Reaper,' who would attend public events where tobacco products were promoted to raise awareness of cigarette makers' subversive youth marketing strategies. Today, Errol heads Airspace Action on Smoking and Health, a citizens advocacy group with whom he continues his tireless fight to put cigarette makers out of business. Under the Airspace umbrella, he embarked on his 'Journey for a Tobacco-Free World' in 2010, a cross-country journey on foot from Vancouver Island to Imperial Tobacco's headquarters in Montreal to draw attention to tobacco use issues. Download Errol's full story
A provider of housing and support solutions for people living with mental illness and addictions, Raincity Housing manages one of BC's few 100% smoke-free public housing facilities: Fraser Street Apartments. In 2009, Fraser Street Apartments underwent a one-year smoke-free pilot program. At the time, 19 of 21 residents were smokers. Today, Fraser Street Apartments is one of BC's only 100% smoke-free social housing sites. Committed to providing a safe, healthy, smoke-free environment for their tenants, management and staff are changing public perceptions about the possibilities in a social housing environment. Download Fraser Street Apartments' full story
A retired city councillor and outspoken advocate for smoke-free public places, Dan's many credits include helping to implement Salmon Arm's first bylaw on smoking restrictions in 1989 and establishing Salmon Arm's Coalition for Health, which is a multi-disciplinary committee of community members and health professionals dedicated to reducing harm from second hand smoke. An advocate on tobacco issues for more than 30 years, Today Dan remains as committed as ever. His current focus is the promotion of a Smoke-Free Parks and Beaches bylaw for Salmon Arm. Download Dan's full story.
Since its Wellness Centre was established in 2004, TRU has become one of BC's most active and innovative post-secondary institutions regarding tobacco issues. During the past eight years, TRU's Wellness Centre team, together with the university's Respiratory Therapy Department, have improved student and staff access to quit smoking resources, expanded campus-wide smoke-free policies, and fostered partnerships between faculties such as Nursing and Social Work to deliver quit smoking campaigns that serve as both student learning and mentoring opportunities. Download TRU's full story.
An elder with the Stellat'en First Nation in Fraser Lake, Leonard played a key role in the development of BC's community-based Aboriginal Tobacco Strategy, which he continues to promote today. He also speaks regularly at conferences and directly with individuals on the ceremonial versus recreational misuse of tobacco. Leonard's role as a spiritual healer, as well as his personal experience as someone formerly addicted to tobacco, makes him a trusted and respected resource on health issues for BC's aboriginal community where smoking rates are as much as three times the provincial average.
About the BC Lung Association
The BC Lung Association (bc.lung.ca), a non‐profit, non‐governmental organization, is dedicated to preventing lung disease, helping people manage lung disease and promoting lung health.
Katrina van Bylandt, Communications Manager, BC Lung Association
T _PHONE_ TF _PHONE_ C _PHONE_ E _EMAIL_
About the Heart and Stroke Foundation
The Heart and Stroke Foundation (heartandstroke.ca), a volunteer‐based health charity, leads in eliminating heart disease and stroke and reducing their impact through the advancement of research and its application, the promotion of healthy living, and advocacy.
Erika Callowhill, Director, Marketing & Communications
BC & Yukon, Heart and Stroke Foundation
T _PHONE_ F _PHONE_ E _EMAIL_