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Although there's no longer a tool for adding free polls to your personal News Feed, there are many other ways to poll friends and followers on Facebook. If you are the admin or editor of a Facebook Page for a business, organization, or personality, you can create a free two-question poll for your followers. If not, you can use Facebook's Polls sticker feature to add a poll to your story. Finally, if the people you want to poll are members of a Facebook Group, you can create a Group-specific poll.
Method 1 of 3:
Creating a Poll on a Facebook Page
 1. 1
 Open Facebook on your computer, phone, or tablet. If you're using a phone or tablet, tap the blue and white "f" icon typically found on the home screen or in the app drawer. On a computer, navigate to _URL_ and log in with your username and password.
 - Use this method if you are the administrator of a Facebook Page. Facebook Pages are different than personal profiles and are usually created for businesses, organizations, services, and other non-personal things. See How to Create a Facebook Page to learn how to create a Page.
 2. 2
 Navigate to your Facebook Page. The steps are a little different depending on how you're accessing Facebook:
 - If you're using a phone or tablet, tap the menu icon that looks like three horizontal lines at the top or bottom of the screen, select Pages, and then tap your Page name.
 - On a computer, click the Pages link in the left column and select your Page.
 3. 3
 Click Write a post, Post, or Publish. One of these options will be at the top of your Page. This is the area in which you'd usually type the contents of your post.
 4. 4
 Select the Poll option. If you're using a phone or tablet, scroll down and tap Poll. On a computer, click the three dots and select Poll.
 5. 5
 Type your question. Enter the question you'd like to ask the people who follow your Page.
 6. 6
 Create two answers. Under the question, you'll find two boxes—Option 1 and Option 2. Enter a different possible poll answer into each box. Each answer can be a maximum of 25 characters in length.
 7. 7
 Select an ending time for the poll. The default is 1 week, but you can change this by clicking it and selecting a different option.
 8. 8
 Click Share Now or Share. This shares your poll with anyone who follows your Facebook Page.
 - Poll results will be updated live as people vote. To see the results, you'll need to vote on the poll yourself or wait until the poll expires.
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Method 2 of 3:
Creating a Facebook Story Poll
 1. 1
 Open the Facebook app on your phone or tablet. It's the blue and white "f" icon typically found on the home screen or in the app drawer. Although Facebook no longer has a free poll option that works on your News Feed, you can poll your friends on your desired topic by creating a story.[1]
 2. 2
 Tap + Add to Story. It's at the top-left corner of your News Feed.
 3. 3
 Add a photo or video. To create a poll, you'll need to start with an image or video. Tap an option from your camera roll, or choose a style from the top to create something new.
 - If it's your first time creating a story, follow the on-screen instructions to give Facebook appropriate access.
 4. 4
 Tap the sticker icon. It's the smiley square at the top-right corner. The sticker panel will appear.
 5. 5
 Tap POLL. It's one of the buttons in the second section.
 6. 6
 Type your question. Tap the Ask a question… field and type the question you want to ask your followers.
 7. 7
 Tap YES and NO to customize the answers. If you're asking a yes-or-no question you can leave these alone. Otherwise, customize each button by tapping it and entering your desired text.
 8. 8
 Tap Done at the top-right corner. This saves your poll question.
 - You can add other poll questions in subsequent story posts.
 - To adjust the privacy for your poll, tap the gear icon at the bottom-left corner and make your selections.
 9. 9
 Tap Share to Story to post your poll. Now that you've shared your poll, viewers can cast their votes by tapping one of the two answers. Your poll will be available on your story for 24 hours before disappearing immediately.
 10. 10
 View the results. To see how people are answering your poll, tap your story at the top of your News Feed, then swipe up when you see the poll question.
 - Anyone who votes on your poll will also see the results after voting. They won't see who voted on what, but they'll see which answer has received the most votes thus far.
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Method 3 of 3:
Creating a Group Poll
 1. 1
 Open Facebook on your computer, phone, or tablet. If you're using a phone or tablet, tap the blue and white "f" icon typically found on the home screen or in the app drawer. On a computer, navigate to _URL_ and log in with your username and password.
 - Use this method if you want to poll the users of a Facebook Group you belong to.
 2. 2
 Navigate to your Groups. If you're using the mobile app, tap the menu that looks like three horizontal lines at the bottom or top corner of the screen and select Groups. On a computer, click the Groups link in the left panel.
 3. 3
 Select the Group you want to poll. Keep in mind that only users of the Group you select will be able to answer your poll questions.
 4. 4
 Select the Poll option. The steps are a little different depending on your platform:[2]
 - Android: Tap Share something with the group…, scroll down, and then tap Poll.
 - iPhone/iPad: Tap the three dots next to "Write something" and select Create a Poll.
 - Computer: Click Write something… near the top of the group and select Poll.
 5. 5
 Type your poll question. Tap the Add something field to start typing the question you want to ask.
 6. 6
 Tap Add a poll option or Add Option to add poll answers. The wording will vary depending on your platform, but it'll appear below the question. After entering your first possible answer, tap the Add option again to add an alternative.
 7. 7
 Tap Publish or Post. Again, the option you see will vary by platform. This shares your poll with the Group.
 - Poll results will be updated live as people vote. To see the results, you'll need to vote on the poll yourself.
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Community Q&A
Search
Add New Question
 - Question
 How can I send the link via email to participants?
 Community Answer
 Community Answer
 Copy the link by highlighting it and pressing ctrl + c. Then, go to your document/email and paste the link using ctrl + v.
 - Question
 How can I send my Facebook survey to specific groups?
 Community Answer
 Community Answer
 Once you reach the Publish menu, the left hand side box named 'Publishing Tools' has an option (a link) named 'Share Dialog'. Click on the link. You will get options to publish it to everyone, specific groups, individual members and many more.
 - Question
 Can I have more than 2 options for answers on a Facebook survey?
 Community Answer
 Community Answer
 No unfortunately you can't. Use the survey app on facebook for better surveys.
Unanswered Questions
 - Where is the poll option on the Facebook app?
 - Why can't I have more then 2 items on a poll on Facebook?
 - Where is the poll option located on Facebook?
Ask a Question
200 characters left
Include your email address to get a message when this question is answered.
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 About This Article
 Nicole Levine, MFA
 Written by:
 Tech Specialist
 This article was written by Nicole Levine, MFA. Nicole Levine is a Technology Writer and Editor for wikiHow. She has more than 20 years of experience creating technical documentation and leading support teams at major web hosting and software companies. Nicole also holds an MFA in Creative Writing from Portland State University and teaches composition, fiction-writing, and zine-making at various institutions. This article has been viewed 114,604 times.
 How helpful is this?
 Co-authors: 5
 Updated: April 2, 2020
 Views: 114,604
 Categories: Facebook | Making Surveys
 Article SummaryX
 1. Open the Facebook app.
 2. Tap Add to Story.
 3. Add a photo or video.
 4. Tap the sticker icon.
 5. Tap POLL.
 6. Type your question.
 7. Customize the Yes and No buttons.
 8. Tap Done.
 9. Tap Share to Story.
 Did this summary help you?
 Thanks to all authors for creating a page that has been read 114,604 times.
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How Medicaid Recovers the Cost of Long-Term Care From Your Estate After You Die
If Medicaid pays for nursing home care, the state can try to collect reimbursement for these costs from the person's assets after he or she dies.
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Medicaid will often pay for nursing home care even for those who have assets that could be used to pay for care. This is possible because Medicaid does't count assets such as a house or car (these are called noncountable assets). But after the person's death, the state Medicaid program can try to collect medical costs from the deceased person's estate. This is called "estate recovery."
Medicaid Estate Recovery
The federal government has an established policy requiring that all states must try to recover the costs paid on behalf of those who received certain types of Medicaid coverage during their lifetime. All states attempt to recover long-term care costs, including home health services and hospitalizations while in long-term care, and some try to recover regular Medicaid costs as well (though they can generally only recover costs paid for those who were 55 or older or institutionalized when they received Medicaid benefits).
When an individual becomes eligible for Medicaid, federal law requires that the state send the individual a written notice describing the rights of the state to recover Medicaid-paid medical costs following the individual's death.
Ways States Recover Costs
While individual state laws on estate recovery vary, they all boil down to two different ways to recover costs paid: recovering from the deceased person's estate and putting liens on the person's property.
Recovering From the Estate
The first method states use is to seek repayment from the estate of a deceased Medicaid beneficiary. Each state defines the term "estate" -- meaning what type of property Medicaid will go after -- differently. Some states are fairly conservative about what they will try to take -- they have the right to recover costs from real estate, personal property, and other assets only if they are included within the deceased person's "probate estate." A probate estate includes only assets that were owned solely by the individual at the time of death, where there is no beneficiary or joint owner designated. Joint accounts, payable on death accounts, and contracts that have designated a beneficiary are not included in the probate estate.
Other states use a broader definition of the term estate that includes any assets an individual had legal title to or interest in at the time of death, including property that bypasses probate. In these states, the estate includes assets that the individual attempted to convey to a survivor, heir, or assign through an arrangement such as a joint tenancy, tenancy in common, survivorship, life estate, or living trust.
To recover expenses paid under the probate definition of estate, the state files a claim in the probate estate of the decedent just as would any creditor. Under the more expansive definition of estate, the state must enforce its rights by notifying heirs of its rights under state law.
Lien on Real Estate
The second method for recovering Medicaid costs paid is to place a lien on any real property owned by the person who received Medicaid coverage. During the person's lifetime, the state places a lien on the person's property. When the property is sold, either before or after the person's death, the state can collect repayment from its share of the sale proceeds, as would any other lienholder.
When States Can't Recover Costs
Even though the states must recover for costs paid when appropriate, there are certain prohibitions that states must follow. States cannot recover Medicaid-paid costs in the following situations.
 - Surviving spouse. The deceased person's spouse is still living, regardless of where that spouse lives.
 - Minor, blind, or disabled child. There is a surviving child under the age of 21, blind, or disabled, regardless of where that child lives.
In addition, states cannot recover costs from the former home of the deceased person in the following situations.
 - Sibling caregiver. There is a sibling who resided in the home for at least one year prior to the institutionalization of the deceased and who continues to reside in the home and has an equity interest in that home.
 - Child caregiver. There is a child who resided in the home for at least two years prior to the institutionalization of the deceased, who continues to reside in the home, and can demonstrate that the care they provided delayed the institutionalization of the deceased.
When States Can Forego Cost Recovery
One situation where a state may "waive recovery" (decide not to try to collect repayment) is when the deceased person's heirs can prove that recovery of Medicaid costs will impose an "undue hardship." Most states consider undue hardship to be when when the deceased person's inheritors have limited income and the estate is their sole income-producing asset (for example, a family farm or other family business that produces a limited amount of income).
The state must notify the deceased person's inheritors of its recovery rights and allow them an opportunity to claim an exemption from estate recovery (such as undue hardship or being a sibling caregiver).
A state can also waive estate recovery when it is determined that it would be too expensive to try to collect repayment from the estate. Each state is allowed to establish its own rules on what is not cost-effective.
Limit on Amount That Can Be Recovered
There is a limit on how much can be recovered by the state. States cannot recover more than the total amount spent by Medicaid on the individual's behalf at or after age 55. Also, states may not recover more than the amount remaining in the estate after claims of other creditors are fully satisfied. The order of payment by which creditors are paid is set forth in state law.
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text:
jurlp is a jQuery URL parser plugin for parsing, manipulating, filtering and monitoring URLs in href and src attributes within arbitrary elements (including document.location.href), as well as creating anchor elements from URLs found in HTML/text.
The jQuery Address plugin provides powerful deep linking capabilities and allows the creation of unique virtual addresses that can point to a website section or an application state. It enables a number of important capabilities including:
- Bookmarking in a browser or social website
- Sending links via email or instant messenger
- Finding specific content using the major search engines
- Utilizing browser history and reload buttons

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Encyclopedia of Iranian butterflies released
18 Aug 2012 16:09
Alireza Naderi, researcher and butterfly specialist, has completed a field guide on Iranian butterflies which, as he claimed, is the result of over 400 trips in and outside of Iran.
IBNA: In an interview with IBNA, Naderi said the book is a field guide on butterflies in Iran.
As he said, the term "field guide" is used to refer to guidebooks which can be easily used in workplaces; unlike Atlases, field guides are not very heavy and can be taken to the fields where studies are being held.
He asserted that the book is the first work of its kind in Iran to be published on butterflies and follows all international standards.
Butterflies' ecology and behaviors, their natural habitats and preserving them are some of the topics discussed in the book.
Elsewhere in his interview, Naderi said as many as 200 kinds of butterflies are covered in the volume while over 406 (and increasing) types have so far been identified in Iran.
A total of 1,000 copies of the book are published by Iranology Publications. Each copy is arranged in 272 pages.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text: In a voluntary national effort, U.S. industry, education, labor, and government have initiated the development of standards for job skills and competencies in jobs in 15 economic sectors. The aim of the skill standards is to maintain a globally competitive workforce. Efforts to include occupational safety and health knowledge and skills as core elements in these standards are described. The first skill standards to include occupational safety and health competencies were developed for the manufacturing sector, evaluated by 3,800 workers in 700 companies, and published. National skill standards can stimulate extensive training in occupational safety and health, with resultant application to a larger percentage of workers than ever before.


text:
2016-07-12: title added to greenlight with the title of 'EXO ONE'
2016-07-26: status changed from 'Waiting' to 'Greenlit'
2016-08-04: item has been marked as Incompatible
2016-08-04: item has been marked as Compatible
2017-12-21: status changed from 'Greenlit' to 'Released'
EXO ONE is a surreal, exoplanetary exploration game currently in development for PC.
In EXO ONE, focus is shifted away from traditional sci-fi and space game tropes, such as space combat. Instead, it encourages a relaxed state of flow by using a gravity based movement system to traverse and explore high sci-fi planets.
Pilot a spherical, gravity powered probe through awe-inspiring, enigmatic alien worlds. Watch cloud formations float across barren, lightning wracked fields. Drop beneath the waves of an ocean world. Ride the peaks of mountain tops and slide down alien dunes.
Upon reaching the first planet, players will encounter a surreal alien presence almost defying explanation. Accompanying the gameplay are highly atmospheric visuals, otherworldly audio and a hypnotic, electric guitar and synth laden soundtrack.
EXO ONE is, and continues to be inspired by the many discoveries of the Kepler space craft, and the mysteries of what may lay out in interstellar space for future explorers.
- An array of unique, open worlds to explore, from traditional terrestrial planets to water worlds to gas giants
- Pilot a probe featuring multiple movement modes. Rolling, sliding, gliding/flying, with control over gravity and anti gravity.
- Use these movement modes to build momentum, slide down dunes and catapult off hill tops.
- Glide through clouds and catch thermals that lift you high into alien atmospheres.
- Drop beneath the waves of boiling oceans under the glow of distant suns.
- Wind down and travel at your own pace. There are no challenges, wars or enemies.
- Listen to the sounds of the planets and contemplate the alien presence that occupies them.
- A minimalist yet mysterious narrative that allows players to form their own conclusions of the story.
EXO ONE Website: _URL_
Developer Site and Blog: _URL_
Press Kit: _URL_

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


Building better recommendation systems
Researchers from University of Amsterdam (UvA) and Delft University of Technology (TU Delft) are teaming up with data scientists at to improve recommendation systems.
The collaboration at the Mercury Machine Learning Lab at Amsterdam's Innovation Center for Artificial Intelligence (ICAI) is a test of AI techniques in the real world, so that new machine learning methods can be safely developed for wider application, for example in mobility, energy and healthcare.
Currently customers' taps, clicks and scrolling through search results lead to recommendations based on what previous travellers have chosen and experienced. Machine learning techniques are well suited to learning such connections and preferences, especially when there is a wealth of data available.
However, these connections and preferences found in the data are not only informed by the choices other travellers have made, but also by the suggestions and selections the system showed them. This tends to skew the process, resulting in a bias in the recommendations travellers receive.
This new collaboration will aim to attempt to remove this bias, so recommendations remain accurate in a new or different context, whereby the handling of data in a safe and ethical way remains the top priority.
Joris Mooij, scientific director of the Mercury Machine Learning Lab at UvA, said: "It's a huge opportunity for us as researchers to have access to a live dataset of global data and be able to experiment on's platform."
Matthijs Spaan, one of the scientific directors from TU Delft, added: "The lab's focus on developing better algorithms for recommender systems is highly relevant to our society as these systems guide many of our digital interactions. By addressing fundamental AI challenges, the results of the lab will also be valuable in other domains."
Technology and talent development
The ICAI has launched several public-private collaborations aimed at technology and talent development in AI. One lab is working with the Netherlands Forensic Institute to use AI to detect deepfakes made by criminals.
Thanks to such initiatives, Amsterdam is well on its way to being a world-leader in AI and machine learning. The city is an established "living lab" for AI solutions, and programmes such as AI Technology for People ensure innovations deployed in the city truly improve citizens' lives.
Read more business news from around Amsterdam.


text:
Thanks for the graphic illustration
Sometimes I just can't resist my brain dumps, sorry
a parser doesn't know yet where it's output will go,
Yep, exactly my motivation for this issue: Since a parser can't and shouldn't know the various sinks, he must at least know the contract of their common interface that every sink obeys. If you can't setup such a common denominator among the sinks, it's all lost with interchangable output formats.
some feature that might be acceptable for one Sink may lead to errors in others
Of course the output formats created by sinks will have different requirements/restrictions, but every sink should
a) either fully support an event that is defined as part of the Sink API
b) or at least gracefully ignore an event it can't handle
such that users get a (best-effort) output regardless of the selected sink. It is the responsibility of the sink implementor to shield parsers from the details of its realized output format. IMHO, a sink should never ever fail with an exception if the input event is valid according to the Sink API.
Only a Sink knows what output is legal for its format, a Parser should therefore never insert anything that was not explicitly there in the original input format.
Anchor events are part of the Sink API, so a parser has to my understanding always the right to push this event into a sink, regardless whether the event is driven by explicit user input or by implicit convention. It is the sink's responsibility to handle this defined event, whether it support anchors or not.
Regarding the issue of unique anchor names: This is merely another aspect that needs to be added to the javadoc of the Sink API. If you define that anchor names must be unique within a document then
- a conforming parser is responsible for providing this uniqueness
- a sink has all right to fail if a non-conforming parser outputs two anchor events with the same name
I consider it a fundamental design flaw if an input format defines implicit anchors for section titles.
I am fine with your arguments against implicit anchors. However, then I still don't understand why sinks are allowed to output implicit anchors for sections. If we consider such anchors as problematic, nobody should be allowed to create them. An implicit anchor is an implicit anchor, regardless whether the parser of the sink created it, isn't it?
For example, if we consider the SiteRenderingSite to be one of those specialized sinks that may output implicit anchors to the XHTML pages, people could start using these auto-links to cross-reference to those sections from external documents (of the same site). Now this a dangerous because as soon as the users wants to output his nicely linked HTML website into a PDF book, he will find all the auto-links not working anymore because the PdfSink doesn't create implicit anchors like the SiteRenderingSink.
We have modified the original apt format
From SVN logs I see this was created after the last deployment of the doxia site (2007-11-06). If it doesn't cause any harm to the overall site, it would be cool to have this doc online. For example, the APT Reference still reads "Section titles are implicitly defined anchors." which does not apply to the version of Doxia used by the Site Plugin, IIRC.


text:
Tropical Fungus Range Expands into Northern Waters
In August 2008, an Atlantic bottlenose dolphin was found dead on the North Carolina coast, its skin cracked and ulcerated with an alarming growth of gray and white nodules.
This dolphin was confirmed as having lobomycosis, the first confirmed case in North Carolina waters of this chronic fungal skin infection.
Reports of this type of infection in both humans and dolphins are relatively common in the warmer coastal waters of South America. Cases of lobomycosis have also turned up in waters off both east and west coasts of southern Florida and the Texas Gulf Coast.
Now, however, the range of the fungus that causes the lobomycosis infection appears to be expanding northward.
See also: Making Waves podcast: April 15, 2009 and Northward Creep of Tropical Disease Another Consequence of Climate Change?


Recipe: Sweet potato flour paste
Home Cooking Recipe: Sweet potato flour paste
From snacks to big stuff, it's delicious and convenient. You can also go in whatever fruit you like to eat, and the dried fruit is also. I like to put brown sugar and brown sugar, like white sugar.
 1. Add the sweet potato powder to the water for a while and mix well. The static setting is for the large particles in the powder to melt completely. Like a thin paste, you can increase the proportion of water, and vice versa, thicker, less water. This step is the key.
 2. The cashew nuts are cooked or fried, and cooked. Then mash or small pieces. Pear diced.
 3. Open the medium and small fire, mix the sweet potato powder into the pot. Stir while observing, in the pot, it is necessary to stir all the time, in one direction. Until it is transparent, it means cooked, then add cashew nuts, dried bayberry, black sesame seeds, raisins, pears. Turn to a small fire, stir evenly, put sugar, turn off the heat.
Sugar can also be added together when adding water. When it needs to be hot, it is not so delicious when it is cold. It seems that it is not good for the second time, so it is not possible to stay overnight. Now eat now.
Look around:


text:
About Spicy Shrimp And Long Beans Balado
Spicy Shrimp And Long Beans Balado is a food made from basic ingredients of fresh shrimp, long beans and red chili. Especially Shrimp are large and fresh. The term Balado is derived from the Padang language, West Sumatra, Indonesia, which means food using red peppers are mashed. These foods are eaten together with rice and vegetables. In addition to shrimp and red chili, other commonly used ingredients are Long beans, Lime or Tomato, and Onion. Its spicy flavor makes Balado Shrimp And Long Beans is much preferred by people who like spicy. And now the term Balado is not only used by people in the Western Sumatera but also throughout Indonesia.
The existence of chili and lime or tomatoes make this dish contains many vitamin C and Provitamin A. Fresh shrimp will certainly be a source of animal protein and minerals that are needed by the human body. Thus Spicy Shrimp And Long Beans Balado cuisine are very healthy and nutritious to be a side dish with rice and vegetables.
How to Make Spicy Shrimp And Long Beans Balado :
- 500 g of fresh shrimp
- 10 Long beans
- 100 grams of red chili
- 20 grams red cayenne pepper
- 4 cm Turmeric
- 10 pieces of red onions
- 2 pieces of Lime or 3 large Tomatoes.
- Cooking oil to taste
- The salt according to taste
How to make :
- Clean Shrimp and remove the head
- Clean Long Beans, cut to taste.
- Blend turmeric and salt. Mix with shrimp that have been cleaned earlier. Allow for 15 minutes for the seasoning to soak in the shrimp.
- Boil red chili, red cayenne pepper, and tomato
- After the red chili, red cayenne pepper and tomato boiled, then mashed.
- Add onion and salt. Puree again.
- Fried shrimp that have been flavored it all.
- Prepare the skillet. Enter the cooking oil then heat.
- Slice three of red onion put in hot oil in the pan.
- After the yellowish onion, enter the red chili, red cayenne pepper, and tomato that has been mashed earlier. Add a little water. Stir until cooked. If you do not use tomatoes, can use lime to taste sour.
- Add long beans that have been cut.
- Add shrimp that have been fried earlier. Stir slowly. Spicy Shrimp And Long Beans Balado ready to serve.
Serving method :
Put the Spicy Shrimp And Long Beans Balado in a clean, dry dish. Serve with rice and vegetables


text: This paper presents an optimal control method for the prediction of parallel centrifugal variable frequency pump performance in any conditions to maximize the total efficiency of the pump system, thereby minimizing energy consumption. First, a theoretical model of parallel water pumping set was established, after which the shaft power model was setup specifically for the off-rating conditions. By combining the typical polynomial fitting method of the efficiency and the shaft power model we brought up, a new optimized control method was proposed. Using this method, the complex optimization task was solved with the optimal control of the operating number selection and speed ratios for parallel variable speed pumps based on the decision-making. The proposed method was subsequently applied to the pumping set of the water-cooling system in High Magnetic Field Facility. The practical testing results of the proposed method showed its superiority over both the primitive and the previous optimal methods, by considerably lowering the power consumption and accurately calculating the performance parameters in any conditions. The method has universality and simplicity for online implementation, which provides a reference for the control methods of parallel centrifugal pumps in variable flow systems with a differential pressure control strategy.


hye. if the phase voltage and current is 30 degree out of phase, then i change the phase difference between v1 and v2 for full bridge, is there any changes in the phase difference between voltage and current? thanks
 - S
 SONIA
 why the phase difference occurs between current and voltage inspite of same frequencies??Please explain in details.
 - Wayne Storr
 As explained in this tutorial, phase difference also called phase shift, is the angular difference between voltages and/or currents as a result of reactive components and has nothing to do with supply frequency. If the phase difference between two currents, two voltages, or a voltage and a current is zero degrees, they are said to be "in-phase". If the phase difference is an amount other than zero, they are said to be "out-of-phase".
 - a
 ahmed
 thanks
 - b
 brijesh mishra
 reading carefully and think about answer mini some time
 - s
 sathya
 why there is a phase difference between current & voltage,how can it happen?
 - n
 nathan MacInnes
 The answer to this is simple. I usually teach it to students using a Graphical method, but it is fairly simple to understand when you look at the Capacitor alone. The Inductor is a little more difficult.
 So.
 Imagine the Capacitor as an empty container in a closed environment. Now, if I start to pump water (electrons) in to it (current), it is easy at first, but due to the container being empty, there is no/little pressure present (voltage).
 So when Capacitor is empty; V= 0 and I = Max
 This explains the 90 degree phase shift when only a capacitor is used.
 note that when the capacitor is Empty, the voltage is 0 and the current is Max, and essentially creates a Short circuit which is why we cannot create a purely reactive circuits without Purely reactive loads.
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text:
The Vacuum Infusion Process (VIP) is a technique that uses vacuum pressure to drive resin into a laminate. Materials are laid dry into the mould and the vacuum is applied before resin is introduced. Once a complete vacuum is achieved, resin is literally sucked into the laminate via carefully placed tubing. This process is aided by an assortment of supplies and materials.
- Basfiber® Fabrics.
- Vacuum Pump.
- Sealing Tape.
|Vacuum infusion Application Process|
|Basalt Fiber Tech Vacuum infusion Application Process©2015 - Designed by Lucas Sant'Anna|
- A Mould is placed over a Plastic Layers, using a sealing tape you cover the edges. In the next step Basfiber® Fabrics will be applied over the mould. The amount of layers of fabrics depends on final product specifications.
- Basfiber® Fabrics layer is placed over the mould. A second plastic layer is applied. Pressurizing the tape on the edges of the plastic, the mould should be completely sealed.
- Vacuum Pump is attached to the plastic, a resin is also connected. Both hoses must be connected to the plastic providing sealed bag strong enough to pull the resin until air is removed.
- Resin Impregnation occurs when all the air is removed from the plastic bag forming a vacuum. When all bubbles are removes and the pump reaches the maximum pressure, the resin input is closed and the resin excess is removed from the mould.
- Remove from Plastic and Trim edges and make sure there is no resin bridging the line between the mould and the part. Sand this edge where necessary. Continue separation by pulling and flexing.
- The Final Product is now painted and completed with accessories. The source mould can be used again, this process is very useful to recreate parts using them as original mould substituting the original then by a lighter resin infused Basfiber® composite.
Benefits of Vacuum Infusion
Vacuum infusion provides a number of improvements over traditionally vacuum bagged parts.
These benefits include:
- Better fiber-to-resin ratio.
- Less wasted resin.
- Very consistent resin usage.
- Unlimited set-up time.
VIP offers a better fiber-to-resin ratio than vacuum bagging. A typical hand lay-up usually results in excess of 100% fabric weight by resin. Resin alone is very brittle, so any excess will actually weaken the part. Vacuum bagging can reduce this number significantly; however, it is still not ideal and can lead to additional problems.
While vacuum bagging certainly improves on the hand lay-up, there is still a hand lay-up involved. Because of this, the laminate will always begin in an over-saturated state. Vacuum pressure will remove much of the excess resin, but the amount removed still depends on a variety of variables including reinforcement, resin, time factors, and others.
Vacuum infusion takes a different approach, in that a vacuum is drawn while the materials are still dry. From that point, resin is infused using vacuum pressure. Rather than starting with excess and drawing resin out, VIP starts with none and pushes resin in. Ideally, any excess resin that is introduced will eventually be sucked out into the vacuum line. As a result, only the minimum amount of resin is introduced. This lowers weight, increases strength, and maximizes the properties of fiber and resin. Parts constructed using VIP can approach PrePreg levels of resin content.
Due to the nature of VIP, resin usage becomes very predictable. While a standard lay-up varies in resin content due to the human variable, VIP is remarkably consistent. Even when creating a large product, resin usage will be predictably similar upon repeated attempts. This results in less wasted resin, and more importantly, less wasted money.
Vacuum infusion provides another valuable benefit: time. A frequent problem that can arise in vacuum bagging is the time factor. Many resins have a pot-life of about 30 minutes, though there are certainly some (such as our System 2000 Epoxy) that offer work times of up to 2 hours. Even so, that time limit is extremely critical in vacuum bagging applications. Large projects can easily approach the 2 hour mark, and even small, seemingly simple projects can quickly turn frantic when a pesky leak in the vacuum seal cannot be found. Also, depending on when the bag is applied, the amount of resin removed can vary from part to part.
Vacuum infusion, however, offers unlimited set-up time. Because the vacuum is applied while reinforcements are still dry, there is no resin clock to work against. After the bag is applied, leaks can be patiently sought out. If something is not sitting properly, simply release vacuum and readjust. No time constraints are introduced until it is decided that it is time to infuse the resin. Until that moment, changes can be made again and again.
Finally, vacuum infusion is a much cleaner process. There are no brushes or rollers, and therefore no splashing or spattering. No one will be required to hover over an open mould, saturating a laminate by hand, trying not to drip on himself. In addition, there are less resin fumes to contend with. Because the only fumes radiate from the resin reservoir, they are somewhat containable. VIP provides a cleaner, safer, and friendlier work environment, though it is still important to work in a well ventilated area and wear a respirator and other appropriate safety equipment.


text: P'achakuna takes you on a journey in the heart of the Andes together with your most loyal friend — your llama. The game includes both black and white llamas, with you controlling one color and your opponent the other. White llamas move only through the green valleys, while black llamas scale the barren mountains. Whatever the color, however, you want to visit mountain villages to deliver the dye that they desire, ideally collecting dye for yourself along the way. In P'achakuna, each player starts with one llama of their color in the center of the board in the white village, with a white dye loaded on its back. The board is composed of hexagonal tiles that are either half valley/half mountain, two-thirds valley/one-third mountain, or vice versa. The tiles are extremely thick so that you can grab the mountain section of the tile and pluck it from the board. Six villages sit on the perimeter of the game board, each corresponding to one of the primary or secondary colors. Each village has a random demand tile in it that shows two colors, one in high demand and one in low demand; neither of these colors can match the color of the village. On a turn, you may first rotate one unoccupied tile; by paying two dye resources from your personal supply, you can rotate a second tile. You then must move each of your llamas at least one space, but you can move them further if you desire and if the terrain allows them to do this. You rotate tiles to create long paths of valley or mountain so that ideally your llamas can travel far with each move. If you move a llama into a village, you trade the dye on that llama. If the dye you carry isn't in demand in that village, you simply trade that dye for the dye from the village, say, green for yellow. If the dye is in demand, then you add 1-2 dye of that delivered color to your personal supply (depending on whether the demand is low or high), then you place a dye matching the color of that village on your llama. If you collect a color in your personal supply and don't have it in your scoring track, you can place it in your scoring track. No matter what, you replace the demand tile in that village, making sure the color of that village isn't on the demand tile. During a turn in a village, you can hand in four dye from your personal supply to acquire a new llama that is then placed in that village with a dye from that village on its back. Each llama moves on your turn, and you can have at most three llamas. As soon as you have one dye of each of the seven colors on your scoring track, you win. To hold the demand tiles, the game includes a handmade fabric bag from Bolivia and Peru, which supports the local community.


text:
Why is the Duchess of Cornwall replacing Prince Harry at events?
The Field of Remembrance is an important tradition for UK soldiers, honoring those who lost their lives while serving. When the temporary memorial garden opens up the Thursday before Remembrance Sunday, members of the Royal Family traditionally participate in the opening ceremony. In 2020, Camila, Duchess of Cornwall represented the House of Windsor instead of Prince Harry, who usually does the honors.
In previous years, Prince Harry led the commemorations at the opening of the Field of Remembrance. 2020 marks the first year since 2015 Harry wasn't on hand to assist with the ceremonies. While many assume this is because Prince Harry and Meghan Markle took a step back from royal duties, the Field of Remembrance is a special occasion for Harry and other military veterans.
Honoring the fallen soldiers
Since 1928, The Poppy Factory has set up a temporary graveyard honoring fallen soldiers outside St. Margaret's Church near Westminster Abbey. Poppies are used in the UK as a tribute to the military who fought in world wars along with other international conflicts.
The Poppy Factory is a strong supporter of the British Armed Forces. For nearly a century, the company has produced poppy flowers for both The Royal British Legion and the Royal Family in preparation for Remembrance Day. The company is also well known for supporting veterans with mental or physical disabilities and helping them find work once they return from service.
Prince Harry served in the British military from 2005 to 2015, with a focus in the Army Air Corps. Following in his father, uncle, and brother's footsteps, Harry was a helicopter pilot in the Air Corps, becoming a Squadron Leader as well as Lieutenant Commander.
Since ending his short service commission, Harry tends to represent the Royal Family at any military-related engagements. This includes the Field of Remembrance commemorations. Once Harry took over from Prince Philip as the Captain General of the Royal Marines, it was expected of Harry to oversee all military engagements.
Prince Harry is far from the only royal to attend such events. Camila, Duchess of Cornwall was actually supposed to attend last years' Field of Remembrance event alongside Prince Harry and Meghan Markle, but health issues kept her from going.
Why the Duchess of Cornwall?
Due to COVID-19 travel restrictions, Harry wasn't able to come back to the UK in time for Remembrance Day events. Camila, Duchess of Cornwall, recently took over the title of Colonel-in-Chief of The Rifles, so this would be her first event serving under her new title. Camila also has a history with the Poppy Factory, serving as a patron of the organization since 2013.
At the event, Camila laid a Cross of Remembrance in front of the "Last Post", on the signal of the bugle. The Duchess of Cornwall was only one of a handful of people invited to the ceremony, as the second lockdown in the UK began on the 5th.
Though Prince Harry isn't participating in any of the Remembrance Day this year, not all traditions are being broken. Prince Philip is still set to place a wreath down on the eleventh hour of Remembrance Day to lead the UK in a moment of silence. The Queen will most likely oversee the ceremony from afar due to COVID-19 as well.
Are you surprised Prince Harry isn't appearing at the Day of Remembrance ceremony this year? Do you believe he would have participated if COVID-19 hadn't halted travel? Let us know in the comments!


SharePoint recovery on an item-level basis
SharePoint recovery of data can be complicated, but in this tip, Brien Posey shows how to perform item-level data recovery.
SharePoint recovery of data can be a surprisingly complicated process. Microsoft makes it relatively easy to restore a site collection, but if you need to restore such lower-level objects as individual sites, applications, lists or libraries, the recovery process becomes much less intuitive. This article provides an overview of the process of performing item-level recovery of SharePoint data.
Performing item-level recovery using the built-in tools requires the use of a disaster recovery "farm," which acts as a repository for the data that is being restored. This holds true whether you want to recover a site, a list, a library or even a document.
Once you have created it, you restore your SharePoint backup to the disaster recovery farm. The backup does not get restored to the production farm because the goal is to recover a specific piece of data. Restoring a backup to the production farm would overwrite data that shouldn't be replaced.
Exporting an item
Once your backup has been restored to the disaster recovery farm, the next step is to export the data you want to restore so you can import it into your production environment. The data export process can be performed only through the SharePoint Management Shell. To do this, you have to use the Export-SPWeb cmdlet command. This cmdlet's syntax looks like this:
Export-SPWeb –Identity <site URL> -Path <the path and filename of the file that will contain the exported data> [-ItemURL <the URL of the site, list, or library that you want to export>] [-Include user security] [-Includeversions] [-NoFileCompression] [-GradualDelete] [-Verbose]
The actual set of switches you will use varies based on how SharePoint is configured, but the command might look something like this:
Export-SPWeb –Identity http://mysharepointserver/sites/mysite -Path C:\data -ItemURL http://mysharepointserver/sites/mysite/library.aspx
By far, the most important of the optional parameters is ItemURL, which lets you specify an individual site, list or library. Also important is the IncludeUserSecurityswitch, which preserves the security attributes of the item you are exporting.
Another switch you need to know about is the IncludeVersions switch, which lets you specify which version or versions of the item to recover. If you omit this switch, the LastMajor version will be exported by default, but you do have other options, including CurrentVersion, LastmajorandMinor or All.
Importing an item
The last step in the item-level recovery process is to import the item into your SharePoint production farm. The exact technique you will use varies depending on the type of item you are importing. Assuming that you are importing a site, list or library, you will have to open the SharePoint Management Shell, then use the Import-SPWeb cmdlet. This cmdlet's syntax looks like this:
Import-SPWeb –Identity <SharePoint site URL> -Path <the path and filename of the file containing the data that you want to import> [-Force] [-NoFileCompression] [-Verbose]
Again, the actual command you will use varies from one organization to another, but might look something like this:
Import-SPWeb –Identity http://mysharepointserver/sites/mysite -Path C:\data\mydata -NoFileCompression
As you can see, the cmdlet's syntax is fairly straightforward, but you should know a couple of things before you use it. First, if you are going to be importing an entire site, that site must have a template that matches the template of the site that is specified by the Identity parameter. This shouldn't normally be a problem if you are performing an import as a way of returning an existing site to a previous state, but it could become a problem if you try to use this method to import a site that is completely foreign to the SharePoint environment.
The other thing you should be aware of is that Microsoft recommends using the NoFileCompression switch when you perform the import. As the name implies, this switch prevents SharePoint from trying to compress the data during the import process. Turning off compression reduces overall resource consumption. By some estimates, avoiding the use of compression can reduce CPU overhead by as much as 30%.
Conclusion
As you can see, SharePoint 2010 does include a mechanism for performing item-level recoveries. Although the process is tedious and often time-consuming, it is Microsoft's preferred method for performing item-level recovery using native SharePoint tools.
About the author:
Brien M. Posey, MCSE, has received Microsoft's MVP award for Exchange Server, Windows Server and Internet Information Server (IIS). Brien has served as CIO for a nationwide chain of hospitals and has been responsible for the Department of Information Management at Fort Knox. You can visit Brien's personal website at _URL_.
This was first published in December 2012
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text:
SB 1236 - The act modifies several definitions, including changing the definition of dam to include appurtenant works and dams six feet or more in height with a storage volume of at least fifty acre-feet of water, and dams twenty-five feet or more in height with a storage volume of at least fifteen acre-feet of water. The act defines "high hazzard" to mean that if the dam were to fail, a loss of human life is probable, and "significant hazard" to mean that if the dam were to fail, no loss of human life is expected but significant economic loss is probable. The act defines "operating permit" to mean a permit issued to an owner of a high or significant hazard dam for a period of up to five years.
The act modifies the membership of the dam and reservoir safety council to include one member who is an owner of a high or significant hazzard dam or reservoir. The act requires the council to establish fees for permits required for renewal, design review, and inspection of high and significant hazzard dams and review these fees once every three years.
The act directs that all high and significant hazard dams be inspected periodically to determine if they constitute a threat to public safety. The act directs the chief engineer, the head of the dam and reservoir safety program at the Department of Natural Resources, to make recommendations concerning construction permits for high and significant hazard dams and operating permits for these structures.
All owners of high or significant hazard dams shall first apply for a construction permit prior to beginning work on any such structure. Any such application shall include the signature of an experienced engineer registered in Missouri.
The act removes the language exempting agricultural dams and those constructed for soil and water conservation, irrigation, or wildlife conservation, from the provisions of the act.
All owners of high or significant hazard dams shall notify the council upon completion of any construction related to high or significant hazard dams and shall subsequently, apply for an operating permit.
The act requires that every dam constructed after the effective date of this act that is not registered, shall do so within six months of the effective date and those owners of high and significant hazard dams shall apply for an operating permit no later than one year after the effective date of the act. Those owners licensed under the Federal Power Act shall apply for an operating permit no later than three months after the effective date of the act.
The act asserts that if downstream conditions change the hazard classification of any dam or reservoir, the owner shall notify the council of the change within three months of the event.
The act directs that if a high or significant hazard dam is found to present a threat to public safety, the permits shall be suspended until such time the owner has completed all necessary alterations to ensure the protection of public safety.
The act allows the transfer of any operating permit to a successive owner of a dam or reservoir along with the notification of the current hazard classification of the dam. Failure to notify the council of the transfer shall result in the prior owner retaining responsibility for the dam and being subject to the provisions of the act.
Violations of the provisions of the act are punishable as a misdemeanor and subject to fines up to ten thousand dollars or jail time of no more than one year.


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A dog drinking from the toilet – or a cat, for that matter – isn't that uncommon. But why would your pet prefer the flowing water from a toilet bowl when they have a water dish? Is it even safe for your pet to drink water this way?
An Easy Answer
Turns out, the reason for a dog drinking from the toilet really isn't a mystery. The water in a toilet bowl is often fresher than what your pet has in their water dish. The porcelain in the toilet keeps the water cool. And flushing keeps that cool water oxygenated.
As humans, we may think this dog behavior is gross. But your pet doesn't see it that way. Even if your dog knew the true use of that toilet, they probably wouldn't care. Also, the sound of flowing water is often times too much to resist!
It's the same thing as when your cat jumps up on your kitchen counter when the sink is running – or when your dog goes crazy over water coming out of a garden hose. Dogs and cats are naturally attracted to flowing water.1
Another Potential Reason for the Toilet Bowl Attraction
dog drinking from the toilet | Ultimate Pet NutritionWhile the urge to drink flowing water may be primal, there's another possible reason your dog prefers drinking from a toilet bowl. Your household could be why.
If you have a lot of kids in your family, or other pets, your home might be chaotic. Your dog may actually prefer the solitude of the bathroom to a water dish in the middle of a busy kitchen.
So, Is It Safe?
Can drinking from a toilet bowl harm your dog's health? Well, there are a couple of different viewpoints on this strange behavior. One says that the modern toilet bowl is actually very sanitary. Your kitchen, shower drain, or even your toothbrush contains a lot more bacteria than your toilet bowl.2
Many experts and pet parents feel otherwise.
Humans clean their toilet bowl with a lot of harsh chemicals.
While these chemicals are diluted in toilet water, they still exist. That can sometimes lead to problems when a pet decides to drink from the toilet.
In some areas of the country, people put antifreeze in their toilets during the winter. This helps keep the bathroom pipes from freezing.3 But ingesting antifreeze can be lethal for a pet.4
Water Quality and Other Potential Issues
Some people believe that water in a toilet is healthier than water in many other areas of the home. But it's not the same as the water that comes from your tap. Despite what some may say, toilet water contains bacteria that might make your pet sick.
There is also an injury risk associated with a dog drinking from the toilet. This is especially true if your pet is very small. Your pup could actually fall in the bowl and become trapped. A larger dog could be injured if their paw slips on the side of the bowl.
How to Stop Your Dog Drinking from the Toilet
Water from the toilet bowl might taste fresh and delicious to your pet. But the potential dangers outweigh the benefits. Does your pup like to sip from the toilet bowl? There are some things you can do to stop this type of dog behavior.
 - dog drinking from the toilet | Ultimate Pet NutritionRestrict access to the toilet bowl. Keep the bathroom door shut, or at least keep the toilet seat lid down.
 If you have a big family, and the toilet gets a lot of work during the day, consider installing a toilet lid lock. The toilet will stay closed when not in use.
 - Keep fresh water in your dog's water dish. Change it out four or five times a day, and put ice cubes in the water so it stays cool.
By keeping your dog's water fresh and cool and limiting access to the toilet bowl, you might be able to break your dog's habit.
What if Your Pet Just Has to Drink Water from the Toilet?
If your pet simply can't stay away from the toilet bowl, try a different water dish. Get one made out of ceramic or plastic if the current bowl is metal. A pet fountain might be another option. Your dog will drink water that is continually fresh as a result.
If ice cubes and fresh water don't get the job done, talk to your vet. They may have some other recommendations to help flush Fido's toilet bowl drinking habit!
Learn More:
How to Introduce Your New Pet to the Family
Why Does My Cat Bring Me Dead Things?


text:
|Skip Navigation Links|
|Exit Print View|
|Oracle Solaris Trusted Extensions Developer's Guide Oracle Solaris 10 8/11 Information Library|
This chapter describes the Trusted Extensions APIs for performing basic label operations such as initializing labels, and comparing labels and clearances. This chapter also describes the APIs for accessing the label of a process.
For examples of how the Trusted Extensions APIs are used in the Oracle Solaris OS, see the Oracle Solaris source code. Go to the OpenSolaris web site and click Source Browser in the left navigation bar. Use the Source Browser to search through the Oracle Solaris source code.
This chapter covers the following topics:
Chapter 3, Label Code Examples provides code examples for the programming interfaces that are described in this chapter.


CD Statistics Howto
This article details how the CD statistics are generated on this site.
Firstly it is fairly obvious that the CD's need to be in some file format on a server. I have all my CD's stored in MP3 format although Squeezecenter can handle other formats (e.g. flac). This allows a decent quality and for them to be easily loaded onto portable players. The format of the files doesn't matter for the purposes of this article.
Squeezebox 2
I run a Linux server hosting a number of services, not least this web site!
The audio files are handled by a piece of software called Squeezecenter (formally Squeezebox server) which allows the files to be streamed to audio devices. I currently have two squeezebox players in the house.
The Squeezecenter software stores all the information about the audio files in a database. by default this database is SqLite although it is possible to configure it to use MySQL.
In order to get the detailed playing statistics about the various files it is necessary to add the TrackStat plugin to Squeezecenter. This adds extra tables to the database to hold play information about the tracks.
Then it is simply a matter of using the appropriate SQL queries to retrieve the information from the database and format it appropriately for the web page.
I use php to do this.
For example the SQL query to get the top ten tracks played is:
select t1.title, sum(t4.playcount) as f, t2.contributor, from tracks as t1,
contributor_track as t2, contributors as t3, track_statistics as t4 where = t2.track
and t1.url = t4.url and t2.contributor = and t2.role=1 and t4.playcount > 0
group by order by f desc, title limit 10
This will return 10 rows ordered by the play count descending.
It is then a simple matter of formatting the output of this into a table.
The php code I use to produce a table of this information is:
$result = $conn->query($query);
print "";
print "Top 10 Albums";
print "AlbumTracks Played\n";
while( $row = $result->fetcharray()) {
 print "$row[0]";
 if( $row[3] == 1 ) {
 print "Various Artists";
 else {
 print "$row[2]";
 print "";
 $count = $row[1];
 print "$count\n";
 print "";
Note that when using SqLite the main database is in the squeezecenter cache directory and is called library.db. The track play count data used by the trackstat plugin is in a file called persist.db. To get the data, both files need to be open.
Another thing to be aware of is that Squeezecenter by default has the file permissions set so that ordinary users cannot access them. As the web server runs as user apache (on my system) then this user cannot access the files.
This requires the file permissions to be changed to allow read access to the world. Be aware that this will obviously compromise security on shared systems. The web user only needs read access.
A slight complication is that Squeezecenter will reset the file permissions when it is restarted. This is annoying because after a system restart (normally due to updates being applied) the web user cannot access the database files and hence displays nothing.
I overcame this by adding a line in rc.local in /etc (a file which is executed at the end of the boot procedure) to change the file permissions.


text:
Let's find possible answers to "Japanese emperor" crossword clue. First of all, we will look for a few extra hints for this entry: Japanese emperor. Finally, we will solve this crossword puzzle clue and get the correct word. We have 1 possible solution for this clue in our database.
- "Princess Ida" follow-up operetta, with "The"
- "Tit-Willow" opera (with "The")
- Gilbert and Sullivan operetta, with 'The'
- Ruler in a Gilbert and Sullivan title
- Gilbert and Sullivan operetta (with "The")
- The _, Gilbert and Sullivan work featuring Ko-Ko and Nanki-Poo
- Gilbert and Sullivan emperor


text:
A Framework for Information Technology Auditing in Corporate Digital OperationsJournal: International Journal of Advanced Trends in Computer Science and Engineering (IJATCSE) (Vol.10, No. 5)
Publication Date: 2021-10-13
Authors : Collins C. Ngwakwe Akinyomi O. John;
Page : 3058-3061
Keywords : Digital auditing; IT Auditing; Digital operations; Auditing 4.0;
This paper provides a conceptual framework for auditing in digital operations. It aims to create and position digital auditing framework as a pragmatic lens for organisations in the embryonic, growth and established stage of digitalisation. The paper applies a conceptual approach by engaging in a brief conceptual review, thereafter, relying on extant literature and professional documents, the paper creates a maiden framework for digital auditing, which contributes to the literature on information technology auditing. Accordingly, this paper provides a digital auditing framework for professionals, academics, and researchers; in addition, it provides an agenda for further research to develop this initial framework by adding more encompassing nodes of digital auditing technological imperatives.
Other Latest Articles
Last modified: 2021-10-14 01:01:25


just like in knitr documents.
#' '''{r}
#' # This block of code will be evaluated
#' summary(iris)
#' '''
Within a roxygen block, code blocks and inline code use the same evaluation environment, so variables created in one of them can be used in others.
Code blocks support knitr chunk options, e.g. to keep the output of several expressions together, you can specify results= "hold":
#' '''{r results = "hold"}
#' names(mtcars)
#' nrow(mtcars)
#' '''
Plots will create.png files in the man/figures directory. The file names are created from the chunk names:
#' '''{r iris-pairs-plot}
#' pairs(iris[1:4], main = "Anderson's Iris Data -- 3 species",
#' '''
Note that the generated.png files will be added to the package, and they can considerably increase the size of the package.
Note that code block support is currently experimental, and somewhat limited. Some of the known limitations:
Roxygen and Rd tags not parsed as markdown
Some of the roxygen tags are not parsed as markdown. Most of these are unlikely to contain text that needs markup, so this is not an important restriction. Tags without markdown support: _USER_, _USER_, _USER_, _USER_, _USER_, _USER_, _USER_, _USER_, _USER_, _USER_, _USER_ _USER_, _USER_, _USER_, _USER_, _USER_, _USER_, _USER_.
When mixing Rd and markdown notation, most Rd tags may contain markdown markup, the ones that can not are: \acronym, \code, \command, \CRANpkg, \deqn, \doi, \dontrun, \dontshow, \donttest, \email, \env, \eqn, \figure, \file, \if, \ifelse, \kbd, \link, \linkS4class, \method, \newcommand, \option, \out, \packageAuthor, \packageDescription, \packageDESCRIPTION, \packageIndices, \packageMaintainer, \packageTitle, \pkg, \PR, \preformatted, \renewcommand, \S3method, \S4method, \samp, \special, \testonly, \url, \var, \verb.
Possible problems
Mixing markdown and Rd markup
Note that turning on markdown does not turn off the standard Rd syntax. We suggest that you use the regular Rd tags in a markdown roxygen chunk only if necessary. The two parsers do occasionally interact, and the markdown parser can pick up and reformat Rd syntax, causing an error, or corrupted manuals.
Leading whitespace
Leading whitespace is interpreted by the commonmark parser, whereas it is ignored by the Rd parser (except in \preformatted{}). Make sure that you only include leading whitespace intentionally, for example for nested lists.
Spurious lists
The Commonmark parser does not require an empty line before lists, and this might lead to unintended lists if a line starts with a number followed by a dot, or with an asterisk followed by whitespace:
#' You can see more about this topic in the book cited below, on page
#' 42. Clearly, the numbered list that starts here is not intentional.
Rd formatting
Note that \ and % are special characters. To insert literals, escape with a backslash: \\, \%.
Character formatting
 - \emph{italics}
 - \strong{bold}
 - \pkg{package_name}
 - Ordered (numbered) lists:
 #' \enumerate{
 #' \item First item
 #' \item Second item
 #' }
 - Unordered (bulleted) lists
 #' \itemize{
 #' \item First item
 #' \item Second item
 #' }
 - Definition (named) lists
 #' \describe{
 #' \item{One}{First item}
 #' \item{Two}{Second item}
 #' }
Standard LaTeX (with no extensions):
 - \eqn{a + b}: inline equation
The following function turns an R data frame into the correct format, adding a row consisting of the (bolded) column names and prepending each row with #' for pasting directly into the documentation.
tabular <- function(df,...) {
 col_align <- purrr::map_chr(df, align)
 contents <- do.call("paste",
 c(cols, list(sep = " \\tab ", collapse = "\\cr\n#' ")))
 paste("#' \\tabular{", paste(col_align, collapse = ""), "}{\n#' ",
 paste0("\\strong{", names(df), "}", sep = "", collapse = " \\tab "), " \\cr\n#' ",
 contents, "\n#' }\n", sep = "")
#> #' \tabular{rrrrr}{
#> #' \strong{mpg} \tab \strong{cyl} \tab \strong{disp} \tab \strong{hp} \tab \strong{drat} \cr
#> #' 21.0 \tab 6 \tab 160 \tab 110 \tab 3.90\cr
#> #' 22.8 \tab 4 \tab 108 \tab 93 \tab 3.85\cr
#> #' 21.4 \tab 6 \tab 258 \tab 110 \tab 3.08\cr
#> #' 18.7 \tab 8 \tab 360 \tab 175 \tab 3.15
#> #' }


Add Analytics to Your Android App
This guide shows how to add Analytics to your Android app to measure user activity to named screens. If you don't have an application yet and just want to see how Analytics works, take a look at our sample application.
Required: Latest versions of:
Set up your project
Update your project's AndroidManifest.xml file to include the INTERNET and ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE permissions:

Add the following dependency to your project-level build.gradle:
dependencies {
 //...
 classpath ''
Add the following dependency on Google Play Services to app/build.gradle:
dependencies {
 //...
 compile ''
Create global_tracker.xml
Create the file app/src/res/xml/global_tracker.xml with the following content:
 ${YOUR_TRACKING_ID}
Replace ${YOUR_TRACKING_ID} with your tracking ID.
Add screen tracking
Here you'll send a named screen view to Analytics whenever the user opens or changes screens on your app. Your code should do the following:
 - Provide the shared tracker via an Application subclass.
 - Override the callback method for the foreground activity.
 - Provide a name for the screen and execute tracking.
You should subclass Application and provide a helper method that returns your application's tracker.
 * Copyright Google Inc. All Rights Reserved.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 * This is a subclass of {_USER_ Application} used to provide shared objects for this app, such as
 * the {_USER_ Tracker}.
public class AnalyticsApplication extends Application {
 private static GoogleAnalytics sAnalytics;
 private static Tracker sTracker;
 public void onCreate() {
 sAnalytics = GoogleAnalytics.getInstance(this);
 * Gets the default {_USER_ Tracker} for this {_USER_ Application}.
 * _USER_ tracker
 synchronized public Tracker getDefaultTracker() {
 // To enable debug logging use: adb shell setprop log.tag.GAv4 DEBUG
 if (sTracker == null) {
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Open the Activity that you'd like to track. You could also track a Fragment, but ensure that it correctly represents a screen view.
Override the onCreate method of the Activity or Fragment you want to track to obtain the shared Tracker instance:
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AnalyticsApplication application = (AnalyticsApplication) getApplication();
mTracker = application.getDefaultTracker();
Override the appropriate method, such as onResume for an Activity or onPageSelected for a ViewPager to log when the screen changes.
Log.i(TAG, "Setting screen name: " + name);
mTracker.setScreenName("Image~" + name);
mTracker.send(new HitBuilders.ScreenViewBuilder().build());
Add tracking code to every Activity or Fragment that represents a screen. Be sure to set a name inside every Activity or Fragment if you want to differentiate between screen views for your app in Analytics. All activity recorded on the shared tracker sends the most recent screen name until replaced or cleared (set to null).
Send an event
To send an event, set the screen field values on the tracker, then send the hit. The following example uses the HitBuilders.EventBuilder to send an Event:
mTracker.send(new HitBuilders.EventBuilder()
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In this paper a systematic methodology is developed to estimate economically optimal replacement time interval of a water distribution pipe using the proportional hazards modeling approach. To maximize the full potential of the proportional hazards model (PHM) the pipes in a case study area are redefined so that the pipes have consistent internal and external characteristics along their newly defined lengths. The survival functions of the PHMs are constructed for the six ordered survival time groups of cast iron 6 inch pipes in the area and subsequently used to estimate the intervals of future failure times of a pipe. The recorded and predicted future failure time intervals are used to model the trend of pipe failure using the General Pipe Break Prediction Model (GPBM). The equivalence relationship between the GPBM and the threshold break rate of a pipe is used to estimate the economically optimal replacement time interval of a pipe.
A methodology to estimate economically optimal replacement time interval of water distribution pipes
Suwan Park, Jung Wook Kim, Agbenowosi Newland, Hwandon Jun; A methodology to estimate economically optimal replacement time interval of water distribution pipes. Water Supply 1 December 2007; 7 (5-6): 149–155. doi: _URL_
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A laboratory report on the experiment investigating the factors that affect the terminal velocity of
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Measurement of viscosity by the stokes method where v is velocity of the of temperature and specify this temperature at the conclusions of your lab report. E1: electric fields and charge 4 example is the velocity of water in a river which has different magnitudes and directions at different places. While there are a number of methods from which to choose in deciding how to measure viscosity, and v is the velocity of the this experiment has many steps.
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Notes for SAM45 spectrometer data on NEWSTAR
The maximum number of frequency channels handled by NEWSTAR is 2048 by default, but SAM45 spectrometer outputs 4096 channels.
In order to process the new data, we have added new functions to the existing NEWSTAR.
Last update : 22April 2011
- Basis: The data will be reduced to 2048 channels either by
(a) a 2-channel binning or
(b) by selecting half of the spectral output.
Both of these options are available in Newstar.
- On "File Services" and "File List" (FLAG(FLAG3) and LINTG(LING2)), you can identify the SAM45 raw data from the "*" tagged at the end of each line.
- When you select the raw data from SAM45 (i.e. files that have "*"), the binning toggle and the channel clipping sliders become available (Figure 1).
- When you select "Binning=2", the data will be averaged every two channels.
- When you select "Binning=1", you have to select the center channel (and the corresponding channel range is shown in the bottom) where you want the data to be clipped.
- On FLAG, the clipping or binning effects only for spectra to display.
- You can select arrays by toggles named "A" on the panel (where it says "AC/SAM" in the "Array" section).
Note : The RMS calculation is performed using the specified RMS range, but multiplied by a factor of two for SAM45 data.
This is because AC45 has 1024 channels, whereas SAM45 has twice as many channels as default.
Figure 1 : File-List window
Nobeyama Radio Observatory


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According to my Real Analysis textbook, a family $\scr{F}$ of measurable functions on $E$ is said to be uniformly integrable over $E$ provided for each $\epsilon$ $>$ $0$, there is a $\delta$ $>$ $0$ such that for each $f$ $\in$ $\scr{F}$, if $A$ $\subseteq$ $E$ is measurable and $m(A)$ $<$ $\delta$, then $\int_{A}$$|f|$ $<$ $\epsilon$. That is fine, but my textbook doesn't really give any good examples or counterexamples. I am studying for a final exam in Real Analysis, and would like some input in regards to any examples or counterexamples for uniform integrability of Lebesgue integrable functions. Thanks!
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You might be able to find more examples of UI and non-UI functions from probability books. But the definition there is different, and not equivalent to yours (similar ideas though).
Here are some examples that you can find/adapt from Wikipedia. You still need to prove them because the definition there is different.
 1. Any finite set of Lebesgue integrable functions is U.I. (because of absolute continuity of integral.)
 2. Any family bounded by an $L^1$ function: $\{f\in L^1: |f|\le g\}$ where $g\in L^1$ is U.I.
 3. $\{f\in L^p:\|f\|_{L^p}\le C\}$ with $p>1$ is U.I. (because of Holder's inequality)
Examples of non-U.I. families should not be too hard. You can construct a sequence of functions with the "mass" more and more concentrated. For example, consider the family of functions $\{f_n(x)=n \mathbf{1}_{[0,\frac{1}{n}]}:n=1,2,\cdots\}$. It's easy to use your definition to prove that this family is not U.I. (But it is U.I. in the sense defined in probability theory, which you can find from Wikipedia.)
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There seems to be an error here: the given family $f_n = 1_{[0,\frac{1}{n}]}$ is uniformly integrable in every sense, and it converges to $0$ in $L^1$. Perhaps you meant to take $f_n = n 1_{[0,\frac{1}{n}]}$? That fails to be uniformly integrable in every sense. – Nate Eldredge Mar 11 '12 at 4:33
At the risk of being insulting I'll rephrase it like they do in the intro-to-proofs class.
Just like the notion of 'uniform convergence' or 'uniform continuity' it means that as you move around your set, things only change in a bounded way.
If we know that a family $\mathscr{F}$ is uniformly integrable over $E$, that means that if you tell me a size, no matter how small, I can tell you how small a subset of $E$ you have to choose so that the integral over it is negligible for any function in $\mathscr{F}$.
It means that the functions in your family don't get too big anywhere as you go around your family. The family is 'uniform.'
With this intuition we can come up with an example of a non-uniformly integrable set:
Consider the family $\mathscr{F}$ that contains the sequence of functions $(f_n)$ over $[0,1]$ where: $$f_n(x):=\left\{\begin{array}{ll}n & x\in\left[0,\frac{1}{n}\right]\\ 0 & \text{otherwise}\end{array}\right..$$
Fix some small $\varepsilon>0$. No matter how small a size $\delta>0$ we choose, we can always find a set $A$ where for some $h\in\mathscr{F},\ \int_A |h| \ dx >\varepsilon.$ In particular, choose $A=[0,\delta]$, and $h=f_N,$ for any $N>\frac{100}{\delta}.$ Now that integral is at least $100.$
So no matter how small (but positive) a size we choose, we can find some place in $\mathscr{F}$ where the function is big there.
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Seed dispersal mchanisms
remove.this.ecology at ozemail.com.au
Tue Jul 11 18:38:46 EST 2000
I am working with the native Australian tree species Cadellia pentastylis an
obscure species (and a monotypic genus) belonging to the family Surianaceae.
My question relates to seed dispersal mechanisms and whether the strategy
employed by this species is at all unique.
The small fruits of C. pentastylis remain attached to woody sepals which
swell and twist following pollination and seed maturation. The sepals
enhance seed dispersal as they maintain good bouyancy in the air rotating
like the rotor blades of a helicopter.
Typically plant seeds or fruits themselves develop membranes or wings to aid
dispersal. Is this unusual for sepals to be used in this way? Are there
examples of co-evolution from other continents?
More information about the Plantbio


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Preserving The Past Through Modern Designs
Here at Martin Walsh Architectural (MWA), we understand the symbolic importance that buildings can possess. The cultural and historic value held within the bricks and mortar withstands the tests of time and extends throughout the communities in which they sit.
Although it is critical to preserve the heritage of our historical buildings, without the ability to evolve to meet with the needs of modern society they are at risk of falling into disrepair and becoming unfit for use.
To prevent the decline of older structures that have often shaped the communities around them, an innovative and adaptive remodelling process must be taken to ensure they remain functional and practical for now and years to come.
This is evident in the changing requirements of educational institutes. As the UK is seeing a younger population continuing to grow, the need for schools that are practical and suitable for the evolving educational landscape has never been as high.
Building for space
This is why space is essential. Yet, the lack of space is also the biggest challenge historic schools are now facing.
In recent years, we have seen an ongoing trend of classrooms becoming larger and more flexible to help promote a multidisciplinary learning environment. This new approach has undoubtedly been accelerated by the Covid-19 crisis, with social distancing now being essential throughout all educational settings.
Implementing these structural changes are a luxury that historic schools do not always have. When inadequate outdoor space prevents expansion and funding limitations exist, altering the internal structure of these buildings is often the solution, but one that requires a creative and inventive approach.
This is exactly what the MWA team had to do when presented with a unique brief at Batley Grammar School. Founded in 1612, Batley Grammar required a larger library, resource centre and additional classrooms that would be able to work together to complement the buildings notable features.
Batley Grammar School
Re-modelled hall, creating a library out of thin air!
To maximise the size of the rooms and take advantage of the high ceilings that usually accompany traditional buildings, we quickly identified an opportunity to expand the unused old hall and school library. To ensure each square inch was utilised, the MWA team installed a steel mezzanine floor in the hall to create a much larger functional space.
The ground floor of the old hall was also split into a new corridor, stairwell, and a large classroom with an acoustic moveable partition wall. The introduction of a partitioned wall enabled multi-use and multipurpose classrooms.
Having a design layout that is flexible and agile enables the same space to be enhanced to form distinctive areas without the need to extend the building or budget. Find out more about about this project here.
Maintaining historical integrity
Although the remodelling process must breathe new life into older school buildings, it must also work hard to remain sensitive to their historical integrity, character and heritage for future generations to enjoy.
Not only can the foundations and structure act as an educational tool for the teachers, but pupils can form a more meaningful attachment to their local community and develop a stronger sense of pride about where they are from.
As well as the cultural value this will provide, combining modern functionalities with a schools' cultural heritage will create a more inclusive and positive educational experience.
Calling upon our expertise to make buildings work harder, the MWA team set out a design vision that gave Batley Grammar School the opportunity to put a bigger spotlight on two stain glass windows that had been bestowed to the school in 1918.
Previously obstructed from view after an older extension, the stained-glass windows were repositioned within the newly formed hallway to allow pupils and teachers alike to enjoy their beauty.
Education setting do not need to be held back when it comes to finding more space, with imagination and architectural skill we can help create the space that is much-needed within the current climate and to meet the expectations of our youngsters.
"When inadequate outdoor space prevents expansion and funding limitations exist, altering the internal structure of buildings is often the solution, but one that requires a creative and inventive approach.
Marcus Walsh
Director, MWA


text:
The newly incorporated balance control technology ensures the microgram-level baseline stability and reproducibility on top of our highly acclaimed horizontal digital dual beam balance system. The NEXTA STA series has following features;
High temperature control technology that handles a variety of temperature programs
Available DSC measurement, it makes specific heat capacity measurements available
The sample observation and measurement, Hitachi's pioneering key feature
Includes the newly designed flow channels for high-level gas exchange
In addition to conventional applications, the NEXTA STA series shows its strength in analyses such as quantitative determination of the constituents of advanced materials, composite materials, and trace amounts of moisture.


text:
Tree Cutting in Farming Simulator 15
In Farming Simulator 2015 tree cutting was introduced as a new feature. The goal was to offer maximum freedom in how trees are cut. The player can decide the position and angle of the cut. This means that the tree mesh models cannot be pre-cut. The meshes are cut on the fly, and become a physical object once separated. Meshes thus need to be stored in a representation that enables real-time splitting. Furthermore, since falling trees may collide with the environment, the collision skin of the tree needs to be computed on the fly as well. The mass and moment of inertia of a cut tree varies with the location of the cut and also need to be computed in real-time.


How do I deploy an application and its prerequisites? (Mary Lee)
Let me count the ways: xcopy, ClickOnce, Windows Installer (.msi), Windows Installer XML, Group Policy, Active Directory, Systems Management Service or System Center Configuration Manager, login scripts, CD, USB drive, and many more third-party software options.
Despite the many options, one common requirement is that applications typically have prerequisites to install before the application can run. Prerequisites can include the .NET Framework, Visual Basic PowerPacks, SQL Server Express, Windows Installer, runtime libraries, or maybe even a custom prerequisite.
There are three concepts in deployment related to prerequisites.
 1. Nesting.
 2. Merging.
 3. Chaining or bootstrapping.

Nesting is the process of embedding a Windows Installer file (.msi) within another .msi file. However, the How to create a nested .msi package article has an important disclaimer.
The drawbacks of creating a nested MSI installation are listed in the same article.
 - Nested installations cannot share components.
 - An administrative installation cannot contain a nested installation.
 - Patching and upgrading will not work with nested installations.
 - The installer will not correctly cost a nested installation.
 - Integrated ProgressBars cannot be used with nested installations.
 - Resources that are to be advertised cannot be installed by the nested installation.
 - A package that performs a nested installation of an application should also uninstall the nested application when the parent product is uninstalled.
For these reasons, nesting is no longer supported.

Merging includes shared code, files, resources, registry entries, and setup logic to applications as a single compound file. Prerequisites available as a merge module (.msm) form can be added to a .msi file. For example, if a prerequisite is available as an .msm, you can add it to a Setup project in Visual Studio as shown in How to: Create or Add a Merge Module Project. However, merge modules cannot be serviced by the same owner as the .msi file, so it is difficult to fix issues in the merge module. Tao of the Windows Installer, Part 4 lists two cautionary notes:
 - Do not consume merge modules of vendors who do not promise to fix their merge modules promptly when bugs arrive
 - Be prepared to handle the heat when bugs are found in your merge module causing issues for others' products that have consumed your merge module and you get to put out the flame
For these reasons, using merge modules is not recommended.

Chaining or bootstrapping is the process of checking for and installing missing prerequisites, including installing the application that is going to be used to install the rest of the prerequisites and application. You can use Visual Studio to generate a chainer/bootstrapper that is called Setup.exe. This program checks for and installs missing prerequisites before installing the application.
If you have created a Visual Basic Windows application by using Visual Studio, the default selections in the Prerequisites Dialog Box are Windows Installer and the .NET Framework. To learn more about how to install prerequisites in Visual Studio, see the following topics.
How to: Install Prerequisites in Windows Installer Deployment
How to: Install Prerequisites with a ClickOnce Application
You can create custom prerequisites and add them to the Prerequisites Dialog Box in Visual Studio. Use the Bootstrapper Manifest Generator to create a product.xml file that describes the prerequisite and a package.xml files that includes locale-specific error messages. Then, copy the bootstrapper package to Program FilesMicrosoft SDKsWindowsv6.0ABootstrapperPackages folder. For more information, see Creating Bootstrapper Packages.
You may want to use other tools besides Visual Studio to generate a bootstrapper. For example, you can also use MSBuild and the GenerateBootstrapper Task to create a bootstrapper on a build computer. Alternatively, you can use the Windows Installer XML Toolset to generate .msi files and package prerequisites. For more information, see _URL_

Nesting and merging create a single file to deploy an application and its prerequisites, but these methods are not supported and not recommended. Chaining or bootstrapping is an effective way of checking for and installing prerequisites on end-user computers so that your applications run successfully. For more questions about chaining and bootstrapping, search for answers or post new questions in the ClickOnce and Setup & Deployment forum.

Happy deployment!
Mary Lee, Programming Writer.
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The later that hail occurs in the season, the more damage it can do to yield. That said, flowering canola can, with enough time, recover from hail that knocks off a large percentage of flowers. Canola will flower for longer to compensate. In serious hail situations where entire flowering branches are knocked off, plants that are still actively flowering can produce new branches. This will set back maturity, but with enough season left, these new branches can produce a decent yield.
As shown in the graph, canola plants have a lot of built-it redundancy when it comes to flower production. This allows it to compensate very well in the case of early flower loss. This is Figure 12 from the Canola Encyclopedia Crop Development section.


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Submitted by Marisela Cadena-Smith, Collin College
Collin College's Amy Glazier, of McKinney, and Chris Hockenberry, of Plano, were among around 40 community college students from across the nation selected to participate in the National Community College Aerospace Scholars (NCAS) program in fall 2012.
During the three-day event at Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Ala., Hockenberry and Glazier participated in interactive Web-based activities and an onsite team project. Students were also privileged to tour NASA facilities, and interact with engineers, educators, astronauts and fellow students.
Students selected for the program are encouraged to study mathematics, science, engineering and computer science.


Zhongjun Fu
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To investigate the genetic mechanism of mercury accumulation in maize (Zea mays L.), a population of 194 recombinant inbred lines derived from an elite hybrid Yuyu 22, was used to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for mercury accumulation at two locations. The results showed that the average Hg concentration in the different tissues of maize followed(More)
Arsenic (As) is a toxic heavy metal that can accumulate in crops and poses a threat to human health. The genetic mechanism of As accumulation is unclear. Herein, we used quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping to unravel the genetic basis of As accumulation in a maize recombinant inbred line population derived from the Chinese crossbred variety Yuyu22. The(More)
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