text:
Behavioral Health Navigator-Recovery Specialist
The Behavioral Health Navigator-Recovery Specialist is responsible for reviewing intakes with women visiting Rachel's Women's Center for the first time, assisting them in identifying and prioritizing their basic safety and behavioral health needs and connecting with services to meet those needs. This member of the RWC behavioral health team will be familiar with ASAM criteria and local substance/use resources and trains coworkers on recovery oriented topics. This employee will be instrumental in ensuring that all services are provided from an integrated perspective considering participants' substance use, mental health and trauma histories.
1. RECOVERY SUPPORT
a. Meets with participants to identify and address their recovery related concerns, conducts alcohol and drug screenings as needed
b. Refers women to local treatment facilities; contacts detox and treatment programs about bed availability and facilitates participant access to services
c. Advocates with outside agencies to ensure participant's needs are being appropriately met
d. Reinforces a 'recovery culture' throughout the RWC community by maintaining the recovery bulletin board and current listings of 12 step and other community based recovery resources
e. Co-facilitates recovery, relapse prevention, Seeking Safety and other psycho-educational groups
f. Plans and presents educational programs for participants on topics related to substance use and co-occurring disorders and developing safety focused life skills
2. SERVICE COORDINATION
a. Builds and maintains collaborative working relationships with SUD treatment providers; is familiar with intake procedures and eligibility criteria of various programs to create appropriate treatment matches between participants and recovery service providers. Recommends best options based on each participant's individual needs
b. Coordinates & tracks referrals to substance use programs and related services to assist participants in achieving and maintaining stability
c. Initiates follow up contacts with women referred for services and determines the outcome of referrals made
d. Reconnects participants with their established service providers when those relationships exist
e. Advocates with outside agencies to ensure participant's needs are being appropriately met
f. Refers and advocates for participants to establish relationships with primary/preventive care providers and to obtain specialized care when indicated
g. Connects uninsured participants with Medi-Cal or other health insurance to increase access to medical care; advocates with medical insurance plans enabling participants to get the care they need
h. Builds and maintains productive working relationships with other behavioral health service providers including, Jane Westin, Areta Crowell, ACT and other case management programs, primary care, Whole Person Wellness, housing resources and other programs serving people experiencing homelessness. (in addition to SUD programs)
i. Identifies common challenges facing participants and recommends modifications to existing service delivery systems to address those challenges
3. DATA COLLECTION AND REPORTING
a. Documents all contacts with participants and accurately records all services provided using established data collection systems and in compliance with BHS contract requirements
b. Summarizes contacts in the RWC Daily Log
c. Works collaboratively with the Catholic Charities Compliance and Operations Coordinator to verify the accuracy and completeness of data collected
d. Completes internal monthly reports accurately and on time
4. PROGRAM SUPPORT
a. In collaboration with other RWC staff team members, reviews intakes with new participants and explains the RWC daily routines and available services
b. Greets participants, prioritizes their immediate needs and guides them to services
c. Assists with all routine program functions including answering phones, greeting donors and processing donations
d. Provides conflict resolution/crisis intervention services as needed
e. Shares recovery-related knowledge with co-workers, expanding their perspective and ability to respond to participants needs; provides training for co-workers on SUD issues
f. Prepares for and actively participates with Recovery Happens, CADRE trainings and/or other County sponsored trainings/activities
5. AGENCY ENGAGEMENT PROCEDURES
a. Adheres to Mission, Principles and Policies of the Agency and Rachel's Women's Center
b. Completes and submits all required paperwork in a timely and accurate manner
c. Supports participants' efforts to obtain self-reliance
d. Understands and consistently utilizes a trauma informed, client centered approach when interacting with participants and co-workers
e. Knows and properly executes emergency protocols
While performing the duties of this job, the employee is frequently required to walk; sit; use hands to finger, handle, or feel; reach with hands and arms; and talk or hear. The employee is occasionally required to stand.
EDUCATION, EXPERIENCE, AND SKILLS REQUIRED:
Completion of approved SUD Counselor training program, knowledge of ASAM criteria
Preferred: BSW/BA/BS Degree or equivalent life/work experience. Minimum one year experience with homeless services and/or co-occurring disorders or equivalent combination of education and experience is required. Candidates with lived experience and/or in women's services are encouraged to apply. Bi-lingual Spanish preferred but not required.
Experience with trauma informed approaches to service delivery, motivational interviewing and stages of change model
Understands and embraces a Housing First approach to resolving homelessness
Must have strong computer skills and the ability to become proficient with database software.
Ability to read, interpret and apply documents such as policies, safety rules, operating instructions and procedure manuals
Ability to write routine reports and correspondence and speak effectively before groups of women
Ability to multi-task and remain calm and patient with participants and co-workers
Ability to work effectively with others as part of a team as well as independently
Ability to walk for up to 8 hours per day with intermittent occasional standing, bending, squatting, or climbing.
The employee must frequently lift and/or move up to 10 pounds and occasionally lift and/or move up to 25 pounds.
Specific vision abilities required for this job include the ability to see close up.
Time Commitment: Full-time (40 hours/week) Sunday-Thursday with some flexibility required. Schedule may vary based on program need (operating hours are 6:30am-5:00pm)
Salary: $18 per hour
How to Apply
Email Resume to:
PO Box 121831
San Diego, CA 92112-1831


text:
The Koman Hydroelectric Power Station is a large hydroelectric power station, for which a dam on the Drin River was built. The dam is near the settlement of Koman, northern Albania. It is the second of three dams on the Drin River; the Fierza Hydroelectric Power Station upstream, and the Vau i Dejës Hydroelectric Power Station downstream. The dam, 130m tall, was completed in 1985 and the reservoir was filled with water at full capacity in 1986.
Completed in 1986, the power station consists of four turbines of French origin with a nominal capacity of 150 MW each, totalling the installed capacity to 600 MW.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
Cultural humility and radical hospitality are core principles that inform both the ministry and service of spiritual direction and the recovery journey. As spiritual directors, we walk alongside those who may be wrestling with the challenges of addiction. How can we best serve with an open heart as vessels of transformation and healing?
In this webinar, we will explore specific practices, tools, and resources for spiritual directors companioning people with addiction and their loved ones, such as prayer, meditation, ritual, and embodied practice. Spiritual direction with people in recovery also includes commitment to social justice issues that directly affect addiction and codependency. Come and explore resources from a variety of faiths and cultural traditions utilizing specific case examples.
Presenter: Karen Lee Erlichman, DMin, LCSW
SDI Webinar: The Recovery Journey: Resources and Practices for Spiritual Directors includes:
- Access to online recording of webinar
- PDF participant workbook

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
The optimal electromagnetic carrier frequency balancing structural and metrical information densities with respect to heat removal requirements
Haldun M. Özaktaş
13 - 18
Item Usage Stats
MetadataShow full item record
The use of higher electromagnetic carrier frequencies for communication in a computing results in both increased spatial information density and larger available modulation bandwidth. However, assuming that the communication energies are dissipated, the heat that must be removed from unit volume per unit time increases quickly with higher frequencies, resulting in a maximum useful frequency based on our limited ability to remove heat. We show that this frequency is relatively insensitive to system specific parameters and estimate its order of magnitude to lie near the infrared and visible bands of the spectrum. © 1992.
KeywordsData communication systems
Carrier frequency balancing


text:
Des Moines County, IowaEdit This Page
From FamilySearch Wiki
Des Moines County Courthouse
513 N. Main St.
PO Box 277
Burlington, Iowa 52601
1834--Des Moines County was created 1 October 1834, when Des Moines County Congress passed an act attaching the Black Hawk Purchase to the Territory of Michigan in June of 1834 prior to that it was part of Wisconsin. The following September the Legislature of Michigan divided this land purchase into two counties, Dubuque and Des Moines. The dividing boundary was a line running west from the lower end of Rock Island. At this time County courts were established with Des Moines County Court placed in the city of Burlington. Des Moines was named after the Des Moines River. County seat: Burlington
1873 -- Courthouse burned and many records were damaged.
For further information on researching in burned counties, see the following:
- Burned Counties Research in FamilySearch Wiki
- Michael John Neill, Burned Counties in Family History Circle
Historical Postoffices: Linton
- Townships and Villages:
Ghost Towns of Des Moines County
Ghost towns are settlements, towns, and villages whose thriving little communities dried up for various reasons. Some are now part of other townships, some have just faded away. Here are their names, the years they were functioning, and the Townships they were a part of.
There are many cemeteries in townships, cities, and farms located throughout Des Moines County that have been transcribed. Additional information on their locations is at Des Moines County Cemeteries Map. More information can be found on microfilm at the Family History Library based in Salt Lake City, Utah and can be requested and viewed at[:Category:Family_History_Centers|Family History Centers]] throughout the world.
Transcriptions for some of these cemeteries can be found at:
- Interment.net cemetery records.
- Iowa Gravestone Photo Project
- Saving Graves
- Tombstone Transcription Project
- Des Moines County Cemeteries
Iowa recorded not only the federal census but state census through out the years too. The state census contains very valuable genealogical information. Where the census information can be found, what years it was taken, mortality schedules, census substitutions and much more is discussed in the very informative Iowa Census article.
- Census Finder
- Census index for Des Moines County, transcribed for the years of 1836, 1836 Territorial Census, 1838, 1840, 1850, 1852, 1860.
- Church records, _PHONE_. Text in German.This church was also known as the German Methodist Church.Contains records for the churches of Flint Creek, Temmytown/Tamytown, Bluffs, Pleasant Grove, Union, Bethel, Sperry, Kline.Includes marriages; baptisms; membership lists; burials, 1856, _PHONE_; meeting minutes; finances; conference reports.
- Record book, _PHONE_ Contains baptisms, burials, marriages, membership lists, and sermons.Dr. McClintock was pastor to churches at Mt. Pleasant, _PHONE_; Burlington, _PHONE_; and Sioux City, _PHONE_.
The Des Moines Courthouse is located in the town of Burlington.
- History of Des Moines County, Iowa index, 105 bios online.
- Portrait and Biographical Album of Des Moines County, Iowa index, 519 bios online.
- Biographical Review of Des Moines County, Iowa index, 8 bios online.
- History of Des Moines County, Iowa index, 8 bios online.
- David Rumsey Map Collection is a large online collection of rare, old, antique historical atlases, globes, maps, charts plus other cartographic treasures.
- 1904 Des Moines County Iowa Atlas
- The Hawkeye
- The Mediapolis News
- NewspaperArchive.com ($) has historical newspapers online including Burlington newspapers dating back to the mid 1800's that covered local news on Des Moines County residents. This database is free at some libraries.
For more information about the history of newspapers in Des Moines County see the Burlington Library Genealogy Site.
Birth records kept by the District Court, _PHONE_; _PHONE_, have been microfilmed and are available at the State Historical Society in Des Moines, Polk County, Iowa and _PHONE_ at the Family History Library in Salt Lake City.
Some early Marriages Of Des Moines County 1837 to 1850 have been transcribed and published.
Des Moines County Marriage Records, from _PHONE_; _PHONE_ have been microfilmed and can be found at the State Historical Society in Des Moines, Polk County Iowa. Index to marriage records, _PHONE_; marriage records, _PHONE_ at the Family History Library in Salt Lake City.
Deaths records are held by the District Court, _PHONE_, have been microfilmed and are available at the State Historical Society in Des Moines, Polk County Iowa and _PHONE_ at the Family History Library in Salt Lake City.
Societies and Libraries
- State Historical Society of Iowa
Address: 600 East Locust Des Moines IA 50319
- Des Moines County Genealogical Society
P.O. Box 493
Burlington, IA 52601
Internet: Des Moines County Genealogical Society
- Burlington Public Library
210 Court Street
Burlington, IA 52601-1647
Internet: Burlington Iowa Public Library Genealogy Sources
For more information about Societies in Iowa see the Iowa Societies page.
Family History Centers
- Des Moines County, Iowa Biographies Project
- Family History Library Catalog
- Genealogy Trails Genealogy Group
- Genealogy Helps at the Burlington Library
- Des Moines County, Iowa Genealogy and Family History (Linkpendium)
- Des Moines County Genealogy (Iowa Genealogy)
- ↑ The Handybook for Genealogists: United States of America,10th ed. (Draper, UT:Everton Publishers, 2002).
- ↑ St. Paul's Methodist Episcopal Church (Burlington, Iowa) (Main,Author), German Methodist Church (Burlington, Iowa) Church records, _PHONE_ US/CAN Film 956373
- ↑ McClintock, John C. Record book, _PHONE_. FHL US/CAN Film 956371 Item 4
- ↑ Chicago: Western Hist. Co., 1879.
- ↑ Chicago: Acme Publishing, 1888.
- ↑ Hobart Pub. Co., 1905.
- ↑ ed. by Augustine M. Antrobus. 2 vols. Chicago: S. J. Clarke Pub. Co., 1915.
New to the Research Wiki?
In the FamilySearch Research Wiki, you can learn how to do genealogical research or share your knowledge with others.Learn More

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Cooking utensils are essential not just for the preparation of meals, but also play a major role in determining the taste and quality of our food. Ceramic cookware has gained popularity recently for its eco-friendly nature and excellent cooking abilities. One question that often comes up is whether or not you can boil water in ceramic cookware. This article explores the possibility of using ceramic cookware to boil water, including its benefits, drawbacks, and best practices.
Understanding Ceramic Cookware
Ceramic cookware refers to any cooking utensil made entirely from clay-based materials. These materials are usually reinforced with glaze to maximize their functionality. Ceramic cookware serves as an alternative material to traditional non-stick pans because they are free from toxic chemicals like PFOA and PFAS.
The benefits of ceramic cookware include:
- Non-stick qualities
- Easy to clean
- Scratch-resistant surface
- Durable and long-lasting
However, there are also some drawbacks associated with ceramic cookware:
- Poor thermal conductivity compared to metal utensils.
- May crack if rapidly exposed to cold water or drops on hard surfaces.
- Requires careful handling; exposing it more than recommended may lead to chipping.
Properties of Ceramic Cookware Essential for Boiling Water
For boiling water using ceramic cookware, two essential properties make the process possible.
Copper-based materials offer excellent thermal conductivity which enables them to distribute heat evenly across the utensil when boiling. Unlike metals, ceramics retain heat even after removal from the stove due to their dense molecular structure.
Thermal shock resistance
Thermal shock resistance determines how well temperature changes occur without damaging a material. Ceramics have lower thermal expansion rates than materials like aluminum making them less prone to breaking down under rapid temperature changes; this property makes them ideal for use in boiling water applications.
Can Ceramic Cookware Be Used To Boil Water?
Ceramic cookware is safe and effective for boiling water. Ceramic cookware can be used to boil water, as long as you use the right type of ceramic cookware. Boiling water in glass, metal, silicone, plastic or ceramic all have their advantages and limitations. Specific examples of various utensils includes:
- Glass: fragile when exposed to sudden temperature changes.
- Metal: excellent heat conductor but should not be used with acidic foods like tomato sauce as it causes reactivity.
- Silicone: useful due to their light weight but takes a longer time to heat up than other materials.
- Plastic: these are best suited for cold foods and beverages
When boiling with ceramic cookware like a kettle or pot, ensure that it's free from contaminants like dust or any porous substances before adding water. Also, avoid using baking soda or abrasive cleaners as they may scratch the surface.
Preparing Ceramic Cookware For Boiling Water
Cleaning the ceramic pot/kettle before boiling helps maintain its pristine condition and extend its lifespan. Start by washing your pot or kettle with warm water and soap then rinse it well allow it to dry adequately before using it again.
Inspect the cooking range area where you intend to place your ceramic cookware; check if there is any debris that could cause damage. If possible avoid placing your ceramics directly on a burner because this may lead to discoloration over time.
Techniques For Boiling Water With Ceramic Cookware
Different techniques can be employed when using ceramic cookware depending on size, shape, form as well as preferred method of preparation.
Stovetop boiling technique
Place the pot/kettle onto the stoveplate/heater and add an appropriate amount of water; about two-thirds full is recommended. Then turn up the stove's angular knob and wait until it boils. The heating rate depends on whether a gas cooker or an electric one will take varying times.
Microwave boiling technique
Microwave ovens are an option in case you intend to boil small quantities of water. Always follow the manufacturer's guidelines while microwaving your ceramic cookware; avoid using metallic or powdered glazes with ceramics that can cause electrical shorts leading to fire damage.
Factors That Affect Heat Distribution In Ceramic Cookware When Boiling Water
The rate at which heat distributes from a ceramic utensil is based on two factors, that is, the size and shape of the pot/kettle, as well as its position on the heating/ cooking surface. The heating range should be aligned within the kettle/pot diameter limits to enhance effective transfer without causing contact abrasion.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Can I reheat my tea while it's sitting in a ceramic mug?
Yes! However, you should refrain from placing cold cups directly into hot water or vice versa; this reduces stress-induced cracking.
Will my clay teapot break if I boil water in it?
Clay teapots have excellent thermal construction properties but are vulnerable when placed under rapid temperature changes; instead of submerging them directly into boiling water try pouring pre-boiled hot water onto the leaves in your teapot. This approach ensures tea steeps more evenly and helps preserve the life of your teapot over time while still getting pure tea flavor.
Is a ceramic kettle good for boiling water?
Ceramic kettles use their superior thermal insulation properties to keep boiled water hot for longer durations than metal kettles. These are perfect utensils for those who want to enjoy their hot beverage drinks at their own pace.
In conclusion, boiling water using Ceramic cookware is safe provided the right precautions are taken into consideration. Whether preparing hot teas or frying pan sauces, ceramic pieces perform marvelously due to their unique characteristics like even heating distribution and high thermal shock resistance levels. With proper care and use, ceramic utensils will maintain their pristine condition for years to come.
Q1. Is it safe to boil water in ceramic cookware?
A: Yes, it is perfectly safe as long as the ceramic cookware is designed for stovetop use and can withstand high temperatures. However, some types of glazed ceramic cookware may contain lead or other harmful chemicals that can leach into your food. So, it's essential to choose lead-free and FDA-approved ceramic cookware for boiling water.
Q2. Can you use ceramic teapots to boil water?
A: Generally, it's not recommended to use ceramic teapots for boiling water on a stovetop because they are not designed to handle direct heat. The sudden change in temperature can cause the teapot to crack or even shatter, posing a safety hazard. Instead, you can use a kettle or a dedicated stovetop-safe ceramic pot for boiling water.
Q3. What precautions should I take when boiling water in ceramic cookware?
A: When using ceramic cookware for boiling water, make sure to fill the pot with enough water to prevent it from drying out and cracking. Also, avoid exposing the pot to sudden temperature changes by gradually increasing or decreasing the heat level. Lastly, always use oven mitts or potholders while handling hot ceramic cookware.
Q4. How do you clean ceramic cookware after boiling water?
A: It's easy to clean ceramic cookware after boiling water; simply let it cool down completely before washing it with warm soapy water and a soft sponge or cloth. Avoid using abrasive cleaners or harsh scrubbers that can damage the delicate surface of the ceramics. Additionally, don't stack the pots and pans on top of each other as they may scratch or chip one another.


Changing Method Names
ObjectiveCName Annotation
You can annotate any Java method with _USER_ to change the translated name of that method and any method that overrides it. For example:
public void setTime(int hours, int minutes, int seconds) {
is translated as:
- (void)setTimeWithHours:(jint)hours
Mapping File
Method names can be changed using the --mapping flag, which takes a properties file with the mappings to use. Each method mapping is defined with the full Java method signature for the key, and an Objective-C selector value. For example, the line to map Object.equals() to NSObject.isEqual: is:
java.lang.Object.equals(Ljava/lang/Object;)Z = isEqual:
The left hand declaration is the full method signature, as defined by the Java Virtual Machine Specification. The right hand definition consists of the iOS selector (i.e. what you would pass to _USER_()). The method and its mapping must have the same number of parameters.
As another example, this line is equivalent to the example in the previous section:
pkg.ClassName.setTime(III)V = setTimeWithHours:minutes:seconds:
Additional mapping files can be specified on the command-line, using the --mapping option.


2
I am attempting to recreate a flowmap workflow from @underdark
The first step involves joining a non-spatial edges layer to a spatial nodes layer:
SELECT StartID, DestID, Weight,
 make_line(a.geometry, b.geometry)
FROM OD_all_long
JOIN nodesData a ON OD_all_long.StartID = a.ID
JOIN nodesData b ON OD_all_long.DestID = b.ID
WHERE a.ID != b.ID
The logic of this process is simple enough and I was able to achieve the same thing using R: create a line between each O-D point using geometry from node with a common ID, and then assigning the spatial data of Weight to that line from the edges dataset.
In the above code, a and b are references to the nodes table which is logical, as it is the only location with any geometry information. However, I do not understand how a and b are actually established as "references" to the node table (either through the Virtual Layers or through QGIS).
I actually get a join when I run this at the moment, but it has no geometry. As there is no further syntax explanation for make_line in the QGIS Expressions guide, I'm a little lost.
Edges data looks like:
enter image description here
Nodes data looks like:
enter image description here
1
 - 1
 Are the node spatial data and the edges table both in a SQLite / SpatiaLite database? Have you tried creating a spatial view in SpatiaLite and then adding it to QGIS?
 – Carlos MSF
 Jul 2, 2019 at 15:07
1 Answer 1
1
The a and b are aliases for the nodesData table, you use the alias to refer to the table in the rest of the query. The two queries below are the same except the second uses aliases for the table names.
SELECT Customers.name, Customers.address, Customers.email, tableY.OrderNum, tableY.OrderDate
FROM Customers JOIN Orders ON Customers.CustomerID = tableY.CustomerID
and
SELECT a.name, a.address, a.email, c.OrderNum, c.OrderDate
FROM Customers a JOIN Orders b ON a.CustomerID = b.CustomerID
In this case the aliases are just a syntactic nicety that let you write a shorter query by saving you having to use the full table name over and over.
In the case of your query
SELECT StartID, DestID, Weight,
 make_line(a.geometry, b.geometry)
FROM OD_all_long
JOIN nodesData a ON OD_all_long.StartID = a.ID
JOIN nodesData b ON OD_all_long.DestID = b.ID
WHERE a.ID != b.ID
The aliases become vital because they are used to disambiguate the two separate instances of the nodesData table - one for the start point and one for the end point. The first join matches up each row in the edges table with the row in the nodes table where the ID equals the StartID, once the right row is found it can then use the node's geometry as the start point. The second join does a similar thing to find the end point.
The make_line expression creates a line between the two points. The query returns four columns of data: StartID, DestID, Weight and a Line Geometry output by the make_line expression. I find it helpful to develop my queries in the Database|DB Manager and load them as a virtual layer from there. Try pasting your query into a DB Manager SQL Window and Executing it to see the results it produces. You can rewrite the query slightly by adding as geom to the end of the second line, ie:
SELECT StartID, DestID, Weight,
 make_line(a.geometry, b.geometry) as geom
FROM OD_all_long
JOIN nodesData a ON OD_all_long.StartID = a.ID
JOIN nodesData b ON OD_all_long.DestID = b.ID
WHERE a.ID != b.ID
This another alias, this time for the make_line column. If you Execute the query now in the DB Manager you will see a fourth column in the results showing the WKT of the Lines. When you say run the query and get a join but no geometry I'm not sure what you mean. I tested your query and it works. Perhaps it just wasn't obvious that the query was creating the lines. If you can't see any lines on the map maybe the CRS for the virtual layer is wrong? Or something's not right with the query or the data. The DB Manager is your friend for troubleshooting query problems. Regards.
2
 - Thanks for this detailed response M Bain - it makes things a lot clearer. The sticky point for me was the so called "disambiguate" the origin and destination instance of what are in the data the same set of nodes. I just tried again without explicitly setting up any alias' in the properties and it worked. Perhaps I also had a problem with data types, as the edges data was reading in as a string which I solved using an accompanying .csvt file. Thanks for help! Jul 3, 2019 at 9:58
 - Glad to hear you got it working.
 – M Bain
 Jul 4, 2019 at 4:55
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KG49
KG49 Manuals/ FAQs/ Support
 - How do I grind coffee for an espresso using my burr grinder?
 Please see our tutorial video guide on how to grind coffee with the burr grinder.
 - What is the difference between the De'Longhi coffee grinders?
 There are two basic types of coffee grinder available: A blade grinder and a burr grinder.
 Burr Grinders
 Burr grinders use grinding wheels (pictured right) to crush coffee beans, which are adjustable for grinding from course grinds to very fine grinds. The fully adjustable grind control will depend on the machine you are using to make coffee, or the type of coffee you enjoy - course grinds are needed for filter coffee makers and very fine grinds are needed for espresso. The coffee only passes through the grind cones once so it preserves the flavour of the coffee. Burr grinders are generally seen as a more professional approach than blade grinders although they are more expensive. If you enjoy espresso coffee, paying a little extra for one of these is well worth it. Burr grinders are not suitable for spices.
 Blade Grinders
 Blade grinders (pictured right) use blades to chop up the coffee beans, rather like a mill jar. The longer you hold the button down, the finer the grind will be. They are less expensive than burr grinders although they can be noisier. This type of grinder can also be used as a spice grinder, although it can affect the taste if it is subsequently used for coffee without proper cleaning.
 De'Longhi offers both types of Grinder. For more information see _URL_
Where to Buy KG49


Microsoft is testing underwater data centers
By | 10.12.2018
Microsoft is testing underwater data centers
Microsoft тестирует подводные центры обработки данных
Project Natick is the name of the new project, which is nothing more than an attempt by Microsoft Research to create data centers for cloud computing at the bottom of the ocean.
The idea was born from the desire of companies to reduce energy consumption. As you know, servers in data centers generate a tremendous amount of heat and cooling required to maintain a low temperature consume a lot of energy. The construction of such infrastructure on the ocean floor promises significant cost reduction through the use of «natural» power and cooling (the energy of the waves and ocean water).
The first tests on a small prototype, which in November last year, he was immersed on the bottom of the ocean a kilometer from the Pacific coast of the United States have yielded positive results.
Currently, Microsoft has more than 100 data centers worldwide, the cost of which has exceeded 15 billion dollars. A Project in Natick, the company sees a viable way to reduce the cost of their service.
Detailed information about Project Natick available on the official website.
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text:
We all have that craving for a fluffy, crispy, and rich tortilla goodness. There is not a single day that goes by without thinking about that tasty meal and the ingredients you can pair it with. No matter what you use with your next tortilla batch, they will always have that awesome flavor to them.
But, if you've decided to crank it up a notch and make your own tortilla at home (check out our guide on tortilla press reviews) , then it's time to start preparing the dough. Whether you've picked up a bag of your favorite flour tortilla mix or you are making your own batch at home, the most important part of getting the ideal tortillas to roll them out properly.
If you've never rolled out tortillas before, then you've come to the right place. We've made an easy step-by-step guide to show you all you need to know to roll it out just right. So, without further ado, let's get right to it.
Step 1: Let the Dough Rest
Before you can start rolling the dough, you need to let it rest. This is the first and most important step to making a fluffy tortilla. Both store-bought and homemade doughs need at least 15 minutes to rest. You can do that by placing your dough in a big bowl or a cast iron.
Then, cover it up with a towel and place it on the counter at room temperature. If you place it somewhere very cold, it will take a lot longer for the dough to become pliable. So, if you live in cold places, then it's best to store the dough in the oven while it's off.
Step 2: Prepare the Cooking Tools
While the dough is resting, you need to use this time efficiently. Get your skillet or pan that you are going to cook the tortillas in and heat them up on medium heat. Sprinkle some oil.
Step 3: Knead the Dough
After the dough has rested, it's time to start preparing it. Pick up the dough from the bowl and place it on a floured counter surface. Then, start kneading it with your hands for a couple of minutes. Shape the dough into a big ball.
Step 4: Divide the Dough Into Multiple Equal Portions
Take a knife, or use your hands to divide the big ball into multiple smaller portions of the same size. Try to get as many parts as you can without cutting them too thin.
Step 5: Give the Dough a Round Shape
Take one of the pieces you just cut and place them in your hands. Then, place the dough on the counter and gently rub your hands over it to give it a round ball-like shape. Move your hand in a circular motion and gently press the dough against the counter until you get the desired shape.
This should take 2 to 3 minutes, depending on whether you've worked with dough before. At first, the dough might appear a little bit misshapen, but once you press on the edges, you can fix it in seconds.
When you are done, flatten the dough with your fingers and flour the counter surface once more.
Step 6: Roll the Dough
Take out a rolling pin, sprinkle it with some flour to avoid the dough sticking to the surface of the pin, and roll it out. Place the pin on top of the dough, start from the center and roll it away from you and then towards you.
The idea is to keep the round shape of the dough, so don't roll too much on either side, or you will lose the shape. Then, turn the dough for 180 degrees and repeat the same process. Keep rolling it until you get a very clean circle.
To flatten out the edges, use the tip of the pin, not the center, since it gives you a lot more control over your pin. That way, you can fix all the imperfections without cracking or separating the dough. Once the dough has about a 1/16 inch thickness and is just barely transparent enough to see your hand through it, it's ready to be cooked.
Step 7: Time to Cook
Transfer your dough to the warm pan and let it cook for about a minute on each side or until you see big bubbles start to form on the surface.
That's it! That's how you roll out and cook a tortilla dough. Enjoy.
Feel free to read about other uses for a tortilla press.


Experts Outline Cybersecurity Predictions for 2018
With the massive data breaches of 2017 in the rearview mirror, what cybersecurity headlines and developments can Oregonians expect in 2018? Building on the launch of Cyber Oregon in November, top cybersecurity experts and members of the Oregon Cybersecurity Advisory Council say it's imperative that business leaders learn from the events of the past year, strengthen community involvement, and continue to build awareness about cybersecurity issues—especially as we work together to protect sensitive information.
Oregon Cybersecurity Advisory Council Members and other cybersecurity experts share their insights on what's in store for the coming year. At a glance, we can expect these developments:
 1. Artificial intelligence
 2. Cryptocurrency
 3. Biometric hacking
 4. Connected devices
 5. GDPR regulations
 6. Social engineering
 7. Employees posing risk
 8. DDoS attacks
 9. Complex attacks across multiple devices
 10. Ransomware targeting Internet of Things
Download the press release for detailed expert cybersecurity predictions for 2018.


text:
Levels of 7.8, 18.5 and 26 mole % deuterium oxide were administered sequentially to Coturnix japonica (Japanese quail) via the drinking water. The primary effect observed was on egg frequency, which decreased from a normal level of 0.89 for 7.8 mole % D2O to a low of 0.38 during the administration of 26 mole % D2O. Adverse symptoms, such as hyperexcitability, convulsions, skin ulcerations, comatosity, weight loss, or death, which have been associated with deuterium toxicity in other animals, were not observed in these experiments. The amount of deuterium deposited in the water of the egg was 6.9, 13.98, and 19.83 mole % when 7.8, 18.5 and 26 mole % deuterium respectively was administered. For each period, the deuterium content of egg water rapidly reached a maximum concentration after which the concentration decreased slightly. This dilution effect has not been noted previously in body fluids from other animals.
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology(all)
- Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics(all)


I am graduating in two days and still haven't received a grade in one of my classes. The chances that I do not pass the class are low but it isn't out of the question. I am also on the edge of latin honors and my grade in this class will determine where I land.
The official due date for the grades is early next week but I would really like to know if I am actually graduating before I walk. Could I e-mail the professor asking him what my grade in the class will be?
If it matters the last assignment was due a week ago.
 - What are Latin honours? – astronat Apr 27 '18 at 6:51
 - _USER_ Magna and Summa Cum Laude – case Apr 27 '18 at 7:32
If you're concerned about your grade, then you can try to send a polite email. However, you may also want to check if there's a policy whereby grades for graduating seniors need to be turned in early (which may or may not be the case, given the need to make sure students can graduate.
If not, the grades might not be ready, if the submission deadline has not yet passed. (But how can they schedule graduation before grades are due?)
Also, the answer may depend on how large the class is: the bigger the course you're worried about, the less likely the grades will be ready early.
Your Answer


text:
Ligne de Cerdagne
The Ligne de Cerdagne, often called the Yellow Train (French: Train Jaune, Catalan: Tren Groc), is a 1,000 mm (3 ft 3 3⁄8 in) railway that runs from Villefranche-de-Conflent to Mont-Louis in France. It was started in 1903 and the section to Mont-Louis was completed in 1910, followed by an extension to Latour-de-Carol in 1927.
It is 63 kilometres (39 mi) long and climbs to 1,593 metres (5,226 ft) at Bolquère-Eyne, the highest railway station in France. There are 19 tunnels and two bridges, one of which is, unusual for a railway bridge, a suspension bridge. The trains are powered by electricity at 850 volts DC, supplied by third rail. The power comes from hydro-electric generators on the River Têt.
It is named after its yellow and red colours, derived from the Catalan flag.
List of stations
- Nyer (halte)
- Mont-Louis la Cabanasse
- Béna Fanès
In 1911, railway workers reported a fireball on the third rail between kilometres 28 and 40. A similar phenomenon occurred again when a train was hit by one of these fireballs during a thunderstorm. Lightning rods were installed where these events had occurred, the phenomena has not been reported since installation.
- Pourageaux G (2008), Les cent ans du Train Jaune, Editions La vie du rail. (French)
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ligne de Cerdagne.|
- Train Jaune (Yellow Train) official SNCF page
- The Little Yellow Train of the Pyrenees route, sightseeing, practical information and photos
- Journeys on the Yellow Train and practicalities
- History of the Yellow Train


text:
Last month, a grassroots group of volunteers walked around Sneads Ferry and collected 34 bags of trash by hand. After a couple of hours, their haul weighed in at a whopping 680 pounds.
The group calls itself Debris Free Sneads Ferry, and it was organized and led by Hannah Faith Kushner. Kushner, of Sneads Ferry, said she considers litter in the area to be a tremendous problem.
Debris Free Sneads Ferry is just one of a handful of emerging efforts to clean up the area around Stump Sound. The sound touches a handful of municipalities and unincorporated areas, which poses challenges to managing issues like litter. Who is in charge of addressing this problem?
That's the type of question that Lisa Rider found herself asking when she came up with the idea for Stewards of Stump Sound, a group that plans to address cleanup strategies and litter management in the surrounding area. Rider is the executive director of Coastal Carolina Riverwatch. She and others workshopped the idea during a past annual North Carolina Marine Debris Symposium. The 2021 event was held online last week.
"We collaboratively wanted to put together a program in an underserved or unincorporated area of eastern North Carolina," said Rider.
Marine debris along roadsides and waterways poses a problem for local ecosystems, in addition to being unsightly for residents. The North Carolina Coastal Federation's 2020 Marine Debris Action Plan listed the Stewards of Stump Sound pilot program as a key way to address marine debris in unincorporated areas, where there is no municipal government to take charge of the problem.
One of the pilot program's first acts was to initiate a litter survey of the area, which returned results in December 2019. The litter survey helped Rider highlight problem areas where debris rates were exceptionally high.
"When the study came out, it was really apparent to us which areas we really needed to target with litter removal programs," said Rider.
But just as momentum for the project was building, the onset of the pandemic caused a lingering delay.
"So, we have to start rebuilding that momentum," said Rider. "And that's kind of where we're at today."
As years go on, it can be difficult to maintain a consistent group of stakeholders. But Rider said she is optimistic, simply because she knows other people committed to the cause are out there and are starting to organize their own initiatives.
"Knowing that that's happening in the community is a good sign that we can get this thing back together and get it rolling down the hill again," she said.
Jan Farmer is a coastal ambassador for the North Carolina Coastal Federation, which works with partners to restore Morris Landing Clean Water Preserve, 52 acres of forest habitat, salt marsh, tidal creek and more than 3,000 feet of shoreline along Stump Sound. Farmer is also working on the project, and she said that Stewards of Stump Sound will complement other grassroots efforts, not replace them. When she heard about Debris Free Sneads Ferry, she reached out to Kushner and asked how she could help.
"What we're trying to avoid is creating just another program that is redundant to other things that are being done," said Farmer.
As Stewards of Stump Sound evolves and takes shape, Farmer said she is excited about grassroots litter efforts like Debris Free Sneads Ferry because it does more than just clean up the litter, it creates an involved community all concerned about the same issue.
"It seems to have kind of ignited something in the Sneads Ferry area right now," said Farmer, "to encourage people to participate, to be aware of the problem."
That is something that Farmer has been wanting for a long time — people paying attention to the area and working together to keep it clean.
"It takes time to build allies," said Farmer. "And just this past year, really, it seems like it's starting to really get attention. And I'm super excited about that."
Still in its early phases, Stewards of Stump Sound is continually deciding what it's going to be. But the primary goal has remained unchanged from the start: to clean up the area around Stump Sound. Rider encourages anyone who wants to know more about the group's progress to contact Rebecca Drohan, program coordinator at Coastal Carolina River Watch, at _PHONE_ or _EMAIL_.


Tutorial: Optimize indexing with the push API
Azure AI Search supports two basic approaches for importing data into a search index: push your data into the index programmatically, or pointing an Azure AI Search indexer at a supported data source to pull in the data.
This tutorial explains how to efficiently index data using the push model by batching requests and using an exponential backoff retry strategy. You can download and run the sample application. This article explains the key aspects of the application and what factors to consider when indexing data.
This tutorial uses C# and the Azure.Search.Documents library from the Azure SDK for .NET to perform the following tasks:
 - Create an index
 - Test various batch sizes to determine the most efficient size
 - Index batches asynchronously
 - Use multiple threads to increase indexing speeds
 - Use an exponential backoff retry strategy to retry failed documents
If you don't have an Azure subscription, create a free account before you begin.
Prerequisites
The following services and tools are required for this tutorial.
Download files
Source code for this tutorial is in the optimize-data-indexing/v11 folder in the Azure-Samples/azure-search-dotnet-samples GitHub repository.
Key considerations
Factors affecting indexing speeds are listed next. You can learn more in Index large data sets.
 - Service tier and number of partitions/replicas - Adding partitions or upgrading your tier increases indexing speeds.
 - Index schema complexity - Adding fields and field properties lowers indexing speeds. Smaller indexes are faster to index.
 - Batch size - The optimal batch size varies based on your index schema and dataset.
 - Number of threads/workers - A single thread won't take full advantage of indexing speeds.
 - Retry strategy - An exponential backoff retry strategy is a best practice for optimum indexing.
 - Network data transfer speeds - Data transfer speeds can be a limiting factor. Index data from within your Azure environment to increase data transfer speeds.
1 - Create Azure AI Search service
To complete this tutorial, you need an Azure AI Search service, which you can create in the portal. We recommend using the same tier you plan to use in production so that you can accurately test and optimize indexing speeds.
This tutorial uses key-based authentication. Copy an admin API key to paste into the appsettings.json file.
 1. Sign in to the Azure portal, and in your search service Overview page, get the URL. An example endpoint might look like _URL_.
 2. In Settings > Keys, get an admin key for full rights on the service. There are two interchangeable admin keys, provided for business continuity in case you need to roll one over. You can use either the primary or secondary key on requests for adding, modifying, and deleting objects.
 Get an HTTP endpoint and access key
2 - Set up your environment
 1. Start Visual Studio and open OptimizeDataIndexing.sln.
 2. In Solution Explorer, open appsettings.json to provide connection information.
{
 "SearchServiceUri": "https://{service-name}.search.windows.net",
 "SearchServiceAdminApiKey": "",
 "SearchIndexName": "optimize-indexing"
}
3 - Explore the code
Once you update appsettings.json, the sample program in OptimizeDataIndexing.sln should be ready to build and run.
This code is derived from the C# section of Quickstart: Full text search using the Azure SDKs. You can find more detailed information on the basics of working with the .NET SDK in that article.
This simple C#/.NET console app performs the following tasks:
 - Creates a new index based on the data structure of the C# Hotel class (which also references the Address class).
 - Tests various batch sizes to determine the most efficient size
 - Indexes data asynchronously
 - Using multiple threads to increase indexing speeds
 - Using an exponential backoff retry strategy to retry failed items
Before running the program, take a minute to study the code and the index definitions for this sample. The relevant code is in several files:
 - Hotel.cs and Address.cs contains the schema that defines the index
 - DataGenerator.cs contains a simple class to make it easy to create large amounts of hotel data
 - ExponentialBackoff.cs contains code to optimize the indexing process as described in this article
 - Program.cs contains functions that create and delete the Azure AI Search index, indexes batches of data, and tests different batch sizes
Creating the index
This sample program uses the Azure SDK for .NET to define and create an Azure AI Search index. It takes advantage of the FieldBuilder class to generate an index structure from a C# data model class.
The data model is defined by the Hotel class, which also contains references to the Address class. The FieldBuilder drills down through multiple class definitions to generate a complex data structure for the index. Metadata tags are used to define the attributes of each field, such as whether it's searchable or sortable.
The following snippets from the Hotel.cs file show how a single field, and a reference to another data model class, can be specified.
. . .
[SearchableField(IsSortable = true)]
public string HotelName { get; set; }
. . .
public Address Address { get; set; }
. . .
In the Program.cs file, the index is defined with a name and a field collection generated by the FieldBuilder.Build(typeof(Hotel)) method, and then created as follows:
private static async Task CreateIndexAsync(string indexName, SearchIndexClient indexClient)
{
 // Create a new search index structure that matches the properties of the Hotel class.
 // The Address class is referenced from the Hotel class. The FieldBuilder
 // will enumerate these to create a complex data structure for the index.
 FieldBuilder builder = new FieldBuilder();
 var definition = new SearchIndex(indexName, builder.Build(typeof(Hotel)));
 await indexClient.CreateIndexAsync(definition);
}
Generating data
A simple class is implemented in the DataGenerator.cs file to generate data for testing. The sole purpose of this class is to make it easy to generate a large number of documents with a unique ID for indexing.
To get a list of 100,000 hotels with unique IDs, run the following lines of code:
long numDocuments = 100000;
DataGenerator dg = new DataGenerator();
List<Hotel> hotels = dg.GetHotels(numDocuments, "large");
There are two sizes of hotels available for testing in this sample: small and large.
The schema of your index has an effect on indexing speeds. For this reason, it makes sense to convert this class to generate data that best matches your intended index schema after you run through this tutorial.
4 - Test batch sizes
Azure AI Search supports the following APIs to load single or multiple documents into an index:
Indexing documents in batches will significantly improve indexing performance. These batches can be up to 1000 documents, or up to about 16 MB per batch.
Determining the optimal batch size for your data is a key component of optimizing indexing speeds. The two primary factors influencing the optimal batch size are:
 - The schema of your index
 - The size of your data
Because the optimal batch size is dependent on your index and your data, the best approach is to test different batch sizes to determine what results in the fastest indexing speeds for your scenario.
The following function demonstrates a simple approach to testing batch sizes.
public static async Task TestBatchSizesAsync(SearchClient searchClient, int min = 100, int max = 1000, int step = 100, int numTries = 3)
{
 DataGenerator dg = new DataGenerator();
 Console.WriteLine("Batch Size \t Size in MB \t MB / Doc \t Time (ms) \t MB / Second");
 for (int numDocs = min; numDocs <= max; numDocs += step)
 {
 List<TimeSpan> durations = new List<TimeSpan>();
 double sizeInMb = 0.0;
 for (int x = 0; x < numTries; x++)
 {
 List<Hotel> hotels = dg.GetHotels(numDocs, "large");
 DateTime startTime = DateTime.Now;
 await UploadDocumentsAsync(searchClient, hotels).ConfigureAwait(false);
 DateTime endTime = DateTime.Now;
 durations.Add(endTime - startTime);
 sizeInMb = EstimateObjectSize(hotels);
 }
 var avgDuration = durations.Average(timeSpan => timeSpan.TotalMilliseconds);
 var avgDurationInSeconds = avgDuration / 1000;
 var mbPerSecond = sizeInMb / avgDurationInSeconds;
 Console.WriteLine("{0} \


Creating harmony among the different religious traditions.
Together we give social service to the society.
Christianity, Hinduism, Islam
Number of Members
South India
Bangalore, Karnataka, India
Joined URI Network
Adriel, Anekal is a new group organizing and involving youth from the area to address religiously and socially motivated unrest. Adriel members belong to different religious and cultural groups. The area had a few incidents of community conflicts among Hindus and Muslims. Interfaith bridge-building is very essential to mitigate the impact of such conflicts. Members of a youth club engaged in solving the problem, and they were able to bring under control the impact of the violent situation, establishing peace. With this background, they decided to join URI and be a permanent peacebuilding resource. The group meets monthly and members share social action. They have organized health camps and blood donation campaigns. They also support youth and rural development, and involve themselves in women's empowerment. Their activities have received a good response from all people without the boundaries of religions.
Contact Adriel


Lift-off of a single particle in Newtonian and viscoelastic fluids by direct numerical simulation
N. A. Patankar, P. Y. Huang, T. Ko and D. D. Joseph
Abstract
In this paper we study the lift-off to equilibrium of a single circular particle in Newtonian and viscoelastic fluids by direct numerical simulation. A particle heavier than the fluid is driven forward on the bottom of a channel by a plane Poiseuille flow. After a certain critical Reynolds number the particle rises from the wall to an equilibrium height at which the buoyant weight just balances the upward thrust from the hydrodynamic force. The aim of the calculation is the determination of the critical lift-off condition and the evolution of the height, velocity and angular velocity of the particle as a function of the pressure gradient and material and geometric parameters. The critical Reynolds number for lift-off is found to be larger for a heavier particle whereas it is lower for a particle in a viscoelastic fluid. The equilibrium height increases with the Reynolds number, the fluid elasticity and the slip angular velocity of the particle. Simulations of single particle lift-off at higher Reynolds numbers in a Newtonian fluid show multiple steady states and hysteresis loops. This is shown to be due to the presence of two turning points of the equilibrium height as a function of the Reynolds number. A general data structure for the interrogation of direct numerical simulations for information necessary for the evaluation of models of lift is proposed.
Download files in:
 Postscript, part 1 Postscript, part 2

February 2000.
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Solid-Liquid Flows Home | Publications
Last Modified: Thursday, 26-Jun-2014 11:02:05 CDT


text:
As mentioned previously (here and here), I have been doing some experiments on standing still in silence. One thing is to do it, another is to talk (or write) about it. Then I need to have words describing what I have been doing.
To start with the simple; the word silence seems to be quite clearly defined as the "lack of sound", and is similar to the Norwegian word stillhet. There is also the broader concept of stille, which, in addition to quiet, also covers metaphorical uses of the term, e.g. calm, but I do not want to get into more trouble by using that word.
Things do not seem to be as simple when talking about the act of standing still. In Norwegian the word stillstand quite literally means "standing still", and is clearly (and only?) describing the act of not moving. But what is the best English word to describe this? I don't think the words inactive or immobile cover what I want to describe. So I have for the last few months used the word stillness to describe the act of standing still. However I have recently learned that this would be more of a metaphorical use of the word. For example, Wiktionary defines stillness as
- The quality or state of being still; quietness; silence; calmness; inactivity.
- Habitual silence or quiet; taciturnity.
and The Free Dictionary has an even broader definition:
- stillness – (poetic) tranquil silence; "the still of the night"
silence, quiet – the absence of sound; "he needed silence in order to sleep"; "the street was quiet"
poesy, poetry, verse – literature in metrical form
- stillness – calmness without winds
calmness – an absence of strong winds or rain
- stillness – a state of no motion or movement; "the utter motionlessness of a marble statue"
state – the way something is with respect to its main attributes; "the current state of knowledge"; "his state of health"; "in a weak financial state"
fixedness, immobility, stationariness – remaining in place
This is also supported by the Oxford dictionary, which suggests that the adjective still means "not moving or making a sound". Thus, stillness seems to be too broad for my needs.
On my search in the different dictionaries I have come to realise that the word standstill might be the obvious solution to my problem. I am mainly used to this word in the context of e.g. cars standing still, but it might work also for describing human standstill. A quick search on Google Scholar mainly reveals medical or engineering papers using the word standstill, but that does not mean that it cannot be used to describe lack of human motion. In fact, searching for "standstill biomechanics" gives more than 1000 hits.
So I think my best solution is to use the words silence and standstill to describe the lack of sound and motion, respectively, and to use stillness when referring to both.
Please let me know if you have other interpretations of these words.


buffer 1 to stop the messages completely. Of course, you can also only ever check buffer 0 for messages and not care if buffer 1 has anything waiting.
Filters in action: Guessing game.
Ok, who would've thought you could make microcontrollers play a game together. You know the old trick, someone else chooses a 'random' number and you get to 'randomly' guess it. Why don't we make our Arduino's play the same game?
We'll set the filter on buffer 0 to the number the receiver is thinking of. This means that the sender will only actually get a message through to the receiver if they guess the correct identifier. Both controllers will then swap roles. Just to make life easier we'll limit the range of numbers allowed, but we'll still make the guessing as 'random' as possible.
I could paste the full code here, but instead I'll just post the general idea.
Main setup
Set Mask of Buffer 0 to the 11-bit standard identifier
Set Mask of buffer 1 to the same 11-bit id
set filter 2 (first filter of buffer 1) to a specific ID for messages that aren't guesses.
Set one node to RX and one to TX
Initialise the random generator.
Receiver Role Transmitter Role
 1. Randomly set 'guess' number from known range.
 2. Set Filter 0 to guess number.
 3. Sit and wait for transmitter to guess...
 - if they send a message on buffer 1 then pass it on to the host.
 - if they get through on buffer 0 then it's their turn.
 1. Randomly choose a number to guess.
 2. Set the frame id of the message and send.
 3. Wait for response, if found then we won, swap to receiver.
 4. If no response, send guessed number to buffer 1 of receiver.
 5. Loop and guess another number if required.
Source code (including my version of the CAN Library)
The final piece of the puzzle is always the source code. I've included the guessing game example as well. Note that my code is based off the canduino and I intend to send changes upstream where possible to make life easier for everyone.
Download the library and example here.
Comments (74) Trackbacks (1)
 1. THANK YOU!
 Just stumbled on your post today. I have the MCP 2515 and 2551, and I've been trying for a couple days (unsuccessfully) to interface with an Arduino Mega 2650 ADK. Teaching myself from the datasheets really hurt. I'm not an electrical engineer, and this site seems like an excellent learning resource. Only modification necessary so far was to change CAN.h line 67 to:
 #if defined(__AVR_ATmega128__) || defined(__AVR_ATmega2560__)
 I will let you know how it goes…
 - Dylan,
 Glad to be of assistance… it took a good deal of time for me to get my head around this setup also.
 Thanks for the note on the 'larger' mega too! I've re-uploaded the CAN.h file (in the zip) to include both of them…
 #if defined(__AVR_ATmega128__) || defined(__AVR_ATmega1280__) || defined(__AVR_ATmega2650__)
 Steven.
 - Watch out! Some dyslexia slipped into your fix: it's the 2560, not 2650.
 Thanks again!
 - Thanks for the heads up… I'd realised the mistake and fixed it within a few minutes :)
 The email that ended up in your inbox would've had the original error, as does your original comment!
 I don't even know if the __AVR_ATmega128__ is a valid target? Can't find a 'legit' Arduino with this MCU.
 Anyway, I'm currently in the process of expanding the code to support extended IDs and proper sending (finding a free buffer) and error handling.
 Will update this post over the next few days.
 2. Hi, I tried your loopback code and i managed to get the RX: 0 / 0 / 0 / etc output with my circuit. Now the only difference in my circuit compared to yours is that I am using 8MHz oscillators to control the MCP2515 clock.
 Now I have compiled your code for the guessing game and i just changed it so that one node is set as RX and the other TX. I get an output from the RX saying Guess has been set at: 8 and the TX is outputting the numbers it is guessing. However when it guesses 8 it doesn't output I think I got it?: as it should and then switch positions with the RX node. Instead it keeps guessing as though it got it wrong. I would really appreciate it if you could help me as I am doing my project for university on the CAN bus and i need it working by thursday…
 Thanks!
 - Just to let you know it is working now without any problems. It seems the Arduino Nano only allows interrupts on pins 2 & 3. Also in order for the code to work with the latest Arduino compiler the include Window.h needs to be changed to include Arduino.h. In addition i got rid of the ifdef for different Arduino boards as i'm using two the same, and hardcoded one as TX and one as RX.
 Thanks for the article it really helped me with my project :D
 - James,
 Glad you got this working… was heading home to compile my code when you sent this second comment. Interrupts on pins 2 & 3 hey? That's got nothing to do with SPI? I haven't actually used interrupts in my code but I imagine any of the libraries could require them.
 I also can't see where Window.h is included? I have definitely used my code here with Arduino 1.0
 Steven.
 3. Sorry i meant WProgram.h (it was quite late when i commented :P) And yeah for the nano according to the documentation SPI is only allowed on pins 10-13 and interrupts on pins 2 & 3. Maybe i was mistaken but i thought you had used interrupts in your original code, i thought the header file defined them…
 - Sounds like you've not downloaded the code at the bottom of my post? Instead you've used the code directly from Canduino where the "WProgram.h" reference is? I definitely do not have that reference in the 'library' that I have provided.
 As for "Interrupts"… there is a configurable interrupt pin on the MCP2515, but this is simply brought to any digital out pin on the Arduino and brought high. As long as the Arduino keeps that pin high then the MCP2515 will not actually stall waiting for the interrupt to be cleared. I have defined that in the header for the library, yes, but it doesn't need to hook to an actual Arduino interrupt.
 Anyway, looks like you updated the Canduino library again and also got it to work :)
 4. Hi,
 Awesome post really helped explain some areas that were hazy. I've spent about a week trying to interface with a working can bus and also with a single can device that is just sending out data. I'm unable to get the arduino with the MCP2515 to store anything to its buffer. When I check CAN.readstatus() it always returns a zero, I've also resetFiltersAndMasks() . Running everything in loopback works great. So I'm not sure where the issue is. I hooked up the can bus to an oscilloscope and the node I'm trying to read spikes at 2V where I can see the arduino outputting around 3V (by removing one from the bus). Also I tried adjusting the baudrate to see if that might be an issue, which didn't seem to work.
 I really appreciate any help and ideas on why the buffers arn't storing data.
 Thanks,
 Randy
 - Randy,
 Have you got LEDs on the buffer pins and on the TX/RX lines between the MCP2515 and MCP2551 to see what activity is happening?
 Are you just tapping into the target CAN bus at a random location to see the data? Do you need to check where the terminators are on the line?
 Have you got the TX/RX wires around the right way for the bus you are attaching to?
 As long as your node is in Listen mode, then all should work… I've not actually attempted to plug onto a network, but I do have three nodes and have confirmed that the third can be in Listen mode and that it will watch packets flying around.
 Since you've confirmed packet functionality in loopback mode, I'd imagine that your wiring to the MCP2515 is correct.
 I can only guess that your baud rate for the CAN bus you're connecting to could be wrong? I know that I had mismatched nodes previously and they don't communicate at all. Note that if your crystal on your MCP2515 doesn't match the crystals used on the network you are connecting to then you will need to do some maths :) The baud rate you pass during initialisation is calculated


Surface of revolution
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
A portion of the curve x=2+cos z rotated around the z axis
A surface of revolution is a surface in Euclidean space created by rotating a curve (the generatrix) around an axis of rotation.[1]
Examples of surfaces of revolution generated by a straight line are cylindrical and conical surfaces depending on whether or not the line is parallel to the axis. A circle that is rotated about any diameter generates a sphere of which it is then a great circle, and if the circle is rotated about an axis that does not intersect the center of a circle, then it generates a torus which does not intersect itself (a ring torus).
The sections of the surface of revolution made by planes through the axis are called meridional sections. Any meridional section can be considered to be the generatrix in the plane determined by it and the axis.[2]
The sections of the surface of revolution made by planes that are perpendicular to the axis are circles.
Some special cases of hyperboloids (of either one or two sheets) and elliptic paraboloids are surfaces of revolution. These may be identified as those quadratic surfaces all of whose cross sections perpendicular to the axis are circular.
Area formula[edit]
If the curve is described by the parametric functions x(t), y(t), with t ranging over some interval [a,b], and the axis of revolution is the y-axis, then the area A_y is given by the integral
 A_y = 2 \pi \int_a^b x(t) \ \sqrt{\left({dx \over dt}\right)^2 + \left({dy \over dt}\right)^2} \, dt,
provided that x(t) is never negative between the endpoints a and b. This formula is the calculus equivalent of Pappus's centroid theorem.[3] The quantity
comes from the Pythagorean theorem and represents a small segment of the arc of the curve, as in the arc length formula. The quantity 2\pi x(t) is the path of (the centroid of) this small segment, as required by Pappus' theorem.
Likewise, when the axis of rotation is the x-axis and provided that y(t) is never negative, the area is given by[4]
 A_x = 2 \pi \int_a^b y(t) \ \sqrt{\left({dx \over dt}\right)^2 + \left({dy \over dt}\right)^2} \, dt.
If the curve is described by the function y = f(x), axb, then the integral becomes
A_x = 2\pi\int_a^b y \sqrt{1+\left(\frac{dy}{dx}\right)^2} \, dx = 2\pi\int_a^bf(x)\sqrt{1+\left(f'(x)\right)^2} \, dx
for revolution around the x-axis, and
A_y =2\pi\int_a^b x \sqrt{1+\left(\frac{dx}{dy}\right)^2} \, dy
for revolution around the y-axis (Using ayb). These come from the above formula.
For example, the spherical surface with unit radius is generated by the curve y(t) = sin(t), x(t) = cos(t), when t ranges over [0,\pi]. Its area is therefore
 &{}= 2 \pi \int_0^\pi \sin(t) \sqrt{\left(\cos(t)\right)^2 + \left(\sin(t)\right)^2} \, dt \\
 &{}= 2 \pi \int_0^\pi \sin(t) \, dt \\
 &{}= 4\pi.
For the case of the spherical curve with radius r \,, y(x) = \sqrt{r^2 - x^2} rotated about the x-axis
 &{}= 2 \pi \int_{-r}^{r} \sqrt{r^2 - x^2}\,\sqrt{1 + \frac{x^2}{r^2 - x^2}}\,dx \\
 &{}= 2 \pi r\int_{-r}^{r} \,\sqrt{r^2 - x^2}\,\sqrt{\frac{1}{r^2 - x^2}}\,dx \\
 &{}= 2 \pi r\int_{-r}^{r} \,dx \\
 &{}= 4 \pi r^2\,
A minimal surface of revolution is the surface of revolution of the curve between two given points which minimizes surface area.[5] A basic problem in the calculus of variations is finding the curve between two points that produces this minimal surface of revolution.[5]
Rotating a function[edit]
To generate a surface of revolution out of any 2-dimensional scalar function y=f(x), simply make u the function's parameter, set the axis of rotation's function to simply u, then use v to rotate the function around the axis by setting the other two functions equal to f(u)\sin v and f(u)\cos v. For example, to rotate a function y=f(x) around the x-axis starting from the top of the xz-plane, parameterize it as \vec r(u,v)=\langle u,f(u)\sin v,f(u)\cos v\rangle for u=x and v\in[0,2\pi].
Geodesics on a surface of revolution[edit]
Geodesics on a surface of revolution are governed by Clairaut's relation.
A toroid generated from a square
A surface of revolution with a hole in, where the axis of revolution does not intersect the surface, is called a toroid.[7] For example when a rectangle is rotated around an axis parallel to one of its edges, then a hollow square-section ring is produced. If the revolved figure is a circle, then the object is called a torus.
Applications of surfaces of revolution[edit]
The use of surfaces of revolution is essential in many fields in physics and engineering. When certain objects are designed digitally, revolutions like these can be used to determine surface area without the use of measuring the length and radius of the object being designed.
See also[edit]
 1. ^ Analytic Geometry Middlemiss, Marks, and Smart. 3rd Edition Ch. 15 Surfaces and Curves, § 15-4 Surfaces of Revolution LCCN 68-15472 pp 378 ff.
 2. ^ Wilson, W.A.; Tracey, J.I. (1925), Analytic Geometry (Revised ed.), D.C. Heath and Co., p. 227
 3. ^ Calculus, George B. Thomas, 3rd Edition, Ch. 6 Applications of the definite integral, §§ 6.7,6.11, Area of a Surface of Revolution pp 206-209, The Theorems of Pappus, pp 217-219 LCCN 69-16407
 4. ^ Singh (1993). Engineering Mathematics (6 ed.). Tata McGraw-Hill. p. 6.90. ISBN 0-07-014615-2. , Chapter 6, page 6.90
 5. ^ a b Weisstein, Eric W.. "Minimal Surface of Revolution". Mathworld. Wolfram Research. Retrieved 2012-08-29.
 6. ^ Catenoid at MathWorld
 7. ^ Weisstein, Eric W., "Toroid", MathWorld.
External links[edit]


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BILLINGS, Mont. (AP) -- Researchers from Montana State University say population densities around national parks including Yellowstone and Glacier increased dramatically in recent decades.
The researchers say population densities rose 246 percent around Yellowstone and Grand Teton National Parks from 1940 to 2000.
Population density rose 210 percent around Glacier National Park in that time.
But MSU ecologist Andrew Hansen says that growth is on the low end compared to some other parks. For example, the population density around Mojave National Preserve in California is up by almost 3,000 percent.
Hansen and co-author Cory Davis are publishing their findings in Ecological Applications, a journal published by the Ecological Society of America.


Do sea urchin live in estuaries?
Sea urchins are saltwater dwellers, never found in bodies of freshwater. Various species of urchins live in all oceans throughout the world, though they are more abundant in warmer climates.
Do sea urchins have poison?
Yes. Sea urchins have two types of venomous organs – spines and pedicellaria. Spines produce puncture wounds. Contact with sea urchin spines and their venom may trigger a serious inflammatory reaction and can lead to.
Do sea urchins hibernate?
Sea urchins are incredibly resilient animals. They can survive off virtually no food, and it takes them years (yes, years) to die of starvation. Plus, in the absence of food they essentially hibernate.
Do sea urchins live in cold water?
Green sea urchins live primarily in areas with cold waters mainly in the northern hemisphere. Green sea urchins prefer living in rocky, or gravel areas, but they are mostly found in sandy, sea floor bottoms. Adults live in cold climates in water temperatures from 0 to 15 degrees Celsius.
How long do urchins live in aquarium?
Some research says around 30 years. They can live quite a long time (think turtles) if parameters are kept stable.
Is sea urchin legal?
Answer: Yes, sea urchins are legal to take in California with a sport fishing license. The season is open year-round for all species of urchin and the limit is 35 urchins (California Code of Regulations Title 14, section 29.05).
What do sea urchins taste?
What Does Sea Urchin Taste Like? Sea urchins are full of sugar, salt, and amino acids, giving them an umami-salty sweetness. Like oysters, they tend to taste like the ocean they come from and the seaweed they feed on. (Uni from Hokkaido, Japan, for example, eat kombu, and therefore taste like kombu.)
What is the difference between temperature and urchin survival?
What is the relationship between temperature and urchin survival? … Although the sea urchins live in sea water in cold temperature, they require a temperature of around 23 degrees to cleave for fertilisation if this temperature is reduced the process of cleavage slows down eventually depleting the urchin population.
Where can i find sea urchins in florida?
Sea urchins typically live on the seafloor and can be found in shallow coral reefs, tide pools, seagrass beds and kelp forests.
Where do most sea urchins live?
HABITAT. Sea urchins live only in the ocean and cannot survive in fresh water. They are found from the intertidal to the deep ocean. The species that we are likely to use in the lab are either from the intertidal or the shallow subtidal.
When a sea urchin egg?
Male and female sea urchins are easily induced to shed massive numbers of eggs or sperm. The eggs are mature at release and are fertilized externally simply by mixing egg and sperm. The resulting embryos are optically transparent and develop synchronously in nothing more than sea water.
Are sea urchin asexual?
Sea urchins are capable of asexual reproduction only at the larval stage [14,15]. In adult individuals of sea stars, ophiuroids, and holothurians, it is performed through fission or autotomy.
At what period of life do a girl is already capable of reproduction?
Puberty. Puberty is the process of physical changes by which a child's body becomes an adult body capable of reproduction. For females, puberty is marked by the onset of menstruation, an important milestone in their reproductive lives.
At which stage are the vegetal and animal hemispheres established?
The development of the animal-vegetal axis occurs prior to fertilization. Sperm entry can occur anywhere in the animal hemisphere. The point of sperm entry defines the dorso-ventral axis – cells opposite the region of sperm entry will eventually form the dorsal portion of the body.
Can i be pregnant if i got my period for 3 days?
Pregnancy. Pregnancy may be the reason for a "period" that lasts only one or two days. When a fertilized egg attaches to the lining of the uterus, implantation bleeding can happen. This type of bleeding is usually lighter than a regular period.
Can a woman carry another woman's egg?
A surrogate provides both the egg and carries the pregnancy; she has a genetic link to the fetus she might carry. Surrogacy arrangements often are controversial and have the potential to be complicated both legally and psychologically.
Can u tell if your pregnant after 4 days?
While it's unlikely for signs of pregnancy to show at 4 DPO, some women report symptoms. Talk to your doctor if you're concerned about your pregnancy or have questions about conception.
Can you feel when an egg gets fertilized?
Can you feel when an egg gets fertilized? You won't feel when an egg gets fertilized. You also won't feel pregnant after two or three days. But some women can feel implantation, the process in which the fertilized egg travels down the fallopian tube and buries itself deep within the wall of the uterus.
Can you feel yourself get pregnant?
Can you feel when an egg gets fertilized? You won't feel when an egg gets fertilized. You also won't feel pregnant after two or three days. But some women can feel implantation, the process in which the fertilized egg travels down the fallopian tube and buries itself deep within the wall of the uterus.
Do eggs choose sperm?
Human eggs use chemical signals to attract sperm. New research from Stockholm University, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust and The University of Manchester shows that eggs use these chemical signals to "choose" sperm. Different women's eggs attract different men's sperm – and not necessarily their partners..


text:
Board of Governors' Award for Excellence in Teaching
The winner receives a citation and a one-time stipend of $12,500. One recipient is selected by each of the 16 constituent institutions of the UNC system. Letter of Recommendation required.Submit a Nomination
- Any tenured faculty member who has taught at UNC-Chapel Hill for at least seven years is eligible. This includes faculty members in Academic Affairs, Health Affairs, and professional schools.
- Nominees must be teaching undergraduates in the academic year in which they are selected.
- Recipients must have demonstrated excellent or exceptional undergraduate teaching over a sustained period of time, and nominations should document that record.
- Nominees must be teaching in the academic year in which they are nominated.
- Faculty members may receive this award only once. Check the list of previous winners to be sure.
The committee screens nominations and selects several finalists, who are asked to submit a portfolio for review. The portfolio includes, but is not limited to, the following:
- A current curriculum vitae
- A statement articulating the nominee's teaching philosophy and methods used to achieve educational goals. This statement may include contributions the nominee has made to the intellectual environment at UNC-Chapel Hill and any special or innovative methods they employ.
- Copies of syllabi and other relevant course materials from three courses the nominee has taught and samples of materials from other teaching and learning activities
- A summary of student ratings of courses and other educational experiences that have been evaluated in the previous two years
- Copies of any peer teaching observations
- Names of two or three colleagues and up to five former students of the nominee from whom the selection committee may request evaluations. Nominees are also asked to provide class rolls so current students may be contacted.
The committee may also collect additional data or materials about the nominees' teaching, including videotapes, classroom observation by committee members, and telephone interviews with alumni and current students. The committee will forward its recommendations to the Chancellor.


name of tin ore
name of tin ore
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name of tin ore
Tin - Element information, properties and uses | Periodic ...
The molten iron from the bottom of the furnace can be used as cast iron. Cast iron is very runny when it is molten and doesn't shrink much when it solidifies. It is therefore ideal for making castings - hence its name. However, it is very impure, containing about 4% of carbon. This carbon makes it …
Tin | Encyclopedia
Tin(IV) oxide, also known as stannic oxide, is the inorganic compound with the formula SnO 2.The mineral form of SnO 2 is called cassiterite, and this is the main ore of tin. With many other names, this oxide of tin is an important material in tin chemistry. It is a colourless, diamagnetic, amphoteric solid.
Tin - Wikipedia
Where did tin get its name? Tin gets its name from the Anglo-Saxon language. The symbol "Sn" comes from the Latin word for tin, "stannum." Isotopes Tin has ten stable isotopes. This is the most stable isotopes of all the elements. The most abundant isotope is tin-120. Interesting Facts about Tin. When a bar of tin is bent, it will make a ...
Chemistry for Kids: Elements - Tin
To address the question of the source of the tin found at numerous sites scattered across southern Africa from Bosutswe to Great Zimbabwe, Grant (1999) studied the trace elements from a number of tin ingots, tin ores, and tin from the region using NAA. The trace element signatures from ore, slag, and ingots showed the presence of arsenic and ...
Tin Ore | Ores of Minecraft Wiki | Fandom
Metal and element name generator . This name generator will generate 10 random names for metals and elements. Metals and elements come in all sorts of forms, and their names too can range greatly. I tried to cover the majority of them within this generator, and many do follow the perhaps somewhat complex system of long names.
Tungsten: The mineralogy of Tungsten
tin. In tin processing: Ores. The principal tin mineral is cassiterite, or tinstone (SnO 2), a naturally occurring oxide of tin containing about 78.8 percent tin. Of less importance are two complex sulfide minerals, stannite (Cu 2 FeSnS 4), a copper-iron-tin sulfide, and cylindrite (PbSn 4 FeSb 2 S 14), a lead-tin-iron-antimony sulfide. These two
Metal and element name generator
Translations of the phrase TIN ORE from english to italian and examples of the use of "TIN ORE" in a sentence with their translations: So they're paying with tin ore ? Italian Danish German Latin Spanish French Finnish Swedish Norwegian Russian Czech Indonesian Croatian
Tin Mining and Processing: Everything you Need to Know
Tin is often combined with copper to form an alloy, a hybrid metal created by combining two or more metals. It can be obtained by removing oxygen in cassiterite (SnO2) using a smelting furnace.
Cassiterite - Wikipedia
The name for tin ore is "Tin Ore." There is no other name for tin ore..... Also, you can combine a tin ore to a copper ore to make a bronze bar. :)
What is another word for tin? | Tin Synonyms - WordHippo ...
Synonyms for tin include drum, container, canister, cannister, can, barrel, cylinder, tin can, receptacle and vessel. Find more similar words at wordhippo!
Tin(IV) oxide - Wikipedia
The name for tin ore is "Tin Ore." There is no other name for tin ore..... Also, you can combine a tin ore to a copper ore to make a bronze bar.
Cassiterite - Wikipedia
Tin is one of the earliest metals known and used. Because of its hardening effect on copper, tin was used in bronze implements as early as 3,500 B.C., although the pure metal was not used until about 600 B.C.. Most tin is used as a protective coating or as an alloy with other metals such as lead or zinc.
Tin Ore - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics
Tin is an element so technically the scientific name for tin is tin. Answer The Latin name for tin is stannum, from which words such as stannous, for salts of tin, is derived, as is the scientific ...
What is the scientific name for TIN - Answers
Aug 01, 2017· Vietnam comes in as the fifth biggest market for tin ore. The tiny island nation's annual imports of tin ore are valued at $13.7 million or 1.8% of the global imports of tin ore. Future Of Tin Ore Production. Mines, where tin ore is produced, are becoming deeper, …
name for tin ore - glasinloodentiffany.nl
Tin processing, preparation of the ore for use in various products. Tin (Sn) is a relatively soft and ductile metal with a silvery white colour. It has a density of 7.29 grams per cubic centimetre, a low melting point of 231.88 °C (449.38 °F), and a high boiling point of 2,625 °C (4,757 °F). Tin is
What is the name of the ore containing tin - Answers
Tin(IV) oxide, also known as stannic oxide, is the inorganic compound with the formula SnO 2.The mineral form of SnO 2 is called cassiterite, and this is the main ore of tin. With many other names, this oxide of tin is an important material in tin chemistry. It is a colourless, diamagnetic, amphoteric solid.
Tin PRICE Today | Tin Spot Price Chart | Live Price of Tin ...
Tin processing, preparation of the ore for use in various products. Tin (Sn) is a relatively soft and ductile metal with a silvery white colour. It has a density of 7.29 grams per cubic centimetre, a low melting point of 231.88 °C (449.38 °F), and a high boiling point of 2,625 °C (4,757 °F). Tin is
Chemistry for Kids: Elements - Tin
The process of extracting tin from tin ore varies according to the source of the ore deposit and the amount of impurities found in the ore. The tin deposits in Bolivia and England are located deep underground and require the use of tunnels to reach the ore. The ore in these deposits may contain about 0.8-1.0% tin by weight.
The World's Leading Exporters And Importers Of Tin Ore ...
Jul 28, 2015· The metal is produced from reducing the oxide ore with coal in a furnace. Very little tin has been found in the United States, much of it in Alaska and California. According to Los Alamos National ...
How did tin get its name - Answers
Although the aforementioned tin mining sources are also major producers in the tin industry, other countries produce on a smaller scale from deposits found in Australia, Canada, England, Spain and Japan. Tin Mining Process . Tin is extracted by roasting the mineral casseterite with carbon in a furnace to approximately 2500 degrees Fahrenheit.
Tin processing | Britannica
Cassiterite is a tin oxide mineral, SnO 2.It is generally opaque, but it is translucent in thin crystals.Its luster and multiple crystal faces produce a desirable gem. Cassiterite has been the chief tin ore throughout ancient history and remains the most important source of tin today.
Facts About Tin | Live Science
Tin dioxide (stannic oxide) is the inorganic compound with the formula SnO2. The mineral form of SnO2 is called cassiterite, and this is the main ore of tin. With many other names (see infobox), this oxide of tin is the most important raw material in tin chemistry. This colourless, diamagnetic solid is amphoteric. Tin(II) oxide / Stannous oxide ...
Ore deposit | geology | Britannica
The name for tin ore is Tin Ore There is no other name for tin ore,Also, you can combine a tin ore to a copper ore to make a bronze bar.. Know More. Metal & Stone. A complete searchable and filterable list of Metal & Stone in World of Warcraft: Legion Always up to date with the latest patch (735)..
Tin Ore - USGS
Where did tin get its name? Tin gets its name from the Anglo-Saxon language. The symbol "Sn" comes from the Latin word for tin, "stannum." Isotopes Tin has ten stable isotopes. This is the most stable isotopes of all the elements. The most abundant isotope is tin-120. Interesting Facts about Tin. When a bar of tin is bent, it will make a ...
The Extraction of Iron - Chemistry LibreTexts
Tin is found principally in the ore cassiterite (tin(IV) oxide). It is mainly found in the 'tin belt' stretching through China, Thailand and Indonesia. It is also mined in Peru, Bolivia and Brazil. It is obtained commercially by reducing the ore with coal in a furnace.


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Jerome Quelin > Text-Padding-1.110170 > Text::Padding
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Module Version: 1.110170 Source
NAME ^
Text::Padding - simple way of formatting a text
VERSION ^
version 1.110170
SYNOPSIS ^
 my $pad = Text::Padding->new;
 my $string = 'foo bar baz';
 my $left = $pad->left ( $string, 20 );
 my $centered = $pad->center( $string, 20 );
 my $right = $pad->right ( $string, 20 );
DESCRIPTION ^
This module provides a simple way to align a text on the left, right or center. If left & right are easy to achieve (see sprintf()), i found no cpan module that achieved a simple text centering. Well, of course, Perl6::Form provides it, but it's incredibly slow during startup / destroy time. And Text::Reform was segfaulting during destroy time.
Hence this module, which aims to provide only those 3 methods.
ATTRIBUTES ^
ellipsis
When a string is too long to fit the wanted length, the methods are truncating it. To indicate that the string has been choped, the last character is replaced by an ellipsis (\x{2026} by default). However, it's possible to change this character by whatever ones wants: empty string to disable this behaviour, multi-char string is supported, etc. See Text::Truncate for more information.
METHODS ^
center
 my $centered = $pad->center( $str, $length );
Return a $length-long string where $str is centered, using white spaces on left & right. $str is truncated if too long to fit (see the ellipsis attribute).
left
 my $left = $pad->left( $str, $length );
Return a $length-long string where $str is left-aligned, right being padded with white spaces. $str is truncated if too long to fit (see the ellipsis attribute).
right
 my $right = $pad->right( $str, $length );
Return a $length-long string where $str is right-aligned, left being padded with white spaces. $str is truncated if too long to fit (see the ellipsis attribute).
SEE ALSO ^
Text::Reform, Perl6::Form, Text::Truncate.
You can also look for information on this module at:
AUTHOR ^
 Jerome Quelin
COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE ^
This software is copyright (c) 2011 by Jerome Quelin.
This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as the Perl 5 programming language system itself.
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CSS Buttons: Tutorials and examples
Creating buttons with CSS is one of the most experimented-with web design techniques around. Examples and tutorials abound.
The biggest recent trend in CSS button design seems to be eliminating images, especially background images, from buttons. But there are plenty of other things designers are doing with buttons, some that do include images.
Below we've collected more than twenty tutorials, examples, and tools for creating CSS buttons, most of which use CSS3.
Included are buttons to suit virtually every design style. We've tried to focus on newer techniques here, leaving out the long-standing techniques (like the sliding door method for creating rounded corners) that most designers are already familiar with.
If you have other tutorials or examples you'd like to share, please do so in the comments!
Tutorials and articles
Rediscovering the button element
A really helpful article discussing the
button element in CSS, which is often overlooked by designers. It's a bit older, but still has tons of useful information on creating more stylish buttons with CSS.
Beautiful CSS buttons with icon set
Here's another article that talks about how to create buttons with icons, though using
span classes rather than the
Build kick-ass practical CSS3 buttons
This video tutorial from Nettuts+ shows how to create practical CSS3 buttons that even include what appears to be a Twitter bird icon image, but is in fact created entirely with CSS3.
Beautiful Photoshop-like buttons with CSS3
While the buttons here aren't particularly forward-thinking in terms of look, what is amazing is that they were created entirely using CSS3, without using an images, and were only based on buttons created in Photoshop.
Better button and navigation interactions
This is a great, simple tutorial from Darren Hoyt on creating better behaviors for your buttons that encourage visitors to interact with your site.
Super awesome buttons with CSS3 and RGBA
This tutorial from Zurb covers using CSS3 and alpha-blending using RGBA to create scalable buttons with only a single PNG image.
Building beautiful buttons with CSS gradients
A tutorial for building a button using CSS gradients similar to those used by Mozilla for Firefox Personas.
How to design a sexy button using CSS
This tutorial shows how to create a big, vibrant button without using images.
Realistic looking CSS3 buttons
These are simple buttons, created entirely with CSS3, including some pseudo-elements.
Pretty CSS3 buttons
This tutorial shows how to create a simple, slightly glossy-style button that's scalable and can be created in any color without images.
CSS3 buttons without any images
A simple tutorial for creating dynamic buttons that use only CSS3 and no images. There are four states for each button, including disabled, hovered, and clicked states.
5 different tutorials of dynamic CSS round corners link buttons
This is a collection of five different tutorials for creating CSS buttons with rounded corners. Two include the use of images, but the other three don't.
Create a CSS3 button that degrades nicely
Until all browsers properly support CSS3, we're going to run into issues when using it to create things like buttons. This tutorial shows how to create great CSS3 buttons that also look fine in older browsers, like IE6 and 7.
Apple's navigation bar using only CSS
This tutorial shows how to recreate the button-style navigation menu on Apple's website. It works best in Safari 3+, but still looks fine in other browsers.
Create a CSS3 call to action button
This tutorial shows how to create a call to action button entirely with CSS that includes different default and hover states.
Sexy buttons with CSS3
This simple tutorial shows how to create nicely-styled buttons with unique hover and active states. The buttons can be scaled and their color can be changed easily.
Glossy buttons without images using only CSS3
Looking at these buttons, it's hard to believe they're made without images unless you look very closely. The code is complicated, but the end result looks great, complete with hover effect.
CSS3 buttons with icons
This tutorial shows how to create CSS3 buttons with gradients that also include icon images and are cross-browser compatible.
Roll your own Google buttons
This tutorial shows how to make scalable Google-style buttons with colored borders. The end results are minimalist and clean.
Examples and tools
10 awesome CSS3 buttons to use on your website
Here's a collection of ten buttons you can use on your website. They're all pretty basic but are created using just CSS3 with no images.
CSS3 gradient buttons
This is a huge collection of CSS3 buttons from Web Designer Wall. Included are a variety of shapes, sizes, and colors, all with gradients. One of the best parts about them, though, is how gracefully these buttons degrade in browsers that don't have full CSS3 support.
CSS-Tricks offers this free CSS3 button creator. Just define the background colors for each state of the button, the size, and the text attributes, and it will create the CSS code for you.
These buttons use CSS animations in Safari to create a pulsing, glowing effect. In other browsers that support CSS3, they're still perfectly functional and look just fine.
Written exclusively for WDD by Cameron Chapman.
Know other techniques for creating awesome CSS buttons that weren't mentioned here? Or have a favorite example? Please share them in the comments!