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1. What are mouth harps?
2. How do mouth harps work?
3. What are the benefits of playing a mouth harp?
4. How can I learn to play a mouth harp?
5. What are some tips for playing a mouth harp?
6. How do I care for my mouth harp?
7. What are some common problems with mouth harps?
8. Where can I buy a mouth harp?
9. How much does a mouth harp cost?
10. What are some popular mouth harp songs?
How are mouth harps played
Mouth harps, also known as Jew's harps, are small musical instruments that are played by holding the instrument in the mouth and plucking the string with the teeth. The mouth harp is a very old instrument, and evidence suggests that it was used by ancient people in many parts of the world.
The mouth harp is a simple instrument, consisting of a metal or bamboo frame with a single wire or string stretched across it. The player holds the instrument in their mouth and plucks the string with their teeth. The vibration of the string creates a sound that is amplified by the resonant chamber of the mouth.
Mouth harps come in a variety of sizes and shapes, and they can be made from a wide range of materials. The most common type of mouth harp is the Vietnamese dan moi, which is made from bamboo. Other popular types include the khomus (or jaw harp), which is traditionally made from wood, and the morsing, which is made from metal.
Despite their simplicity, mouth harps can produce a wide range of sounds, from gentle melodies to lively rhythms. They are commonly used as folk instruments in many parts of the world, and are also popular with buskers and street performers.
If you've ever wanted to try your hand at playing a mouth harp, there are a few things you need to know before you start. In this article, we'll give you a brief overview of how to play the mouth harp, as well as some tips on what to look for when choosing an instrument.
What is the history of mouth harps
The history of mouth harps is a long and interesting one. These unique instruments have been used for centuries by people all over the world.
The first known mention of a mouth harp is in a Chinese book from the 4th century BC. This book describes a musical instrument that was played by blowing into it. It is believed that this is the earliest form of the mouth harp.
Mouth harps were also mentioned in the Bible in the book of Exodus. This passage describes how Moses used a mouth harp to soothe the Israelites after they had escaped from slavery in Egypt.
The traditional Native American flute is also thought to be a type of mouth harp. These flutes were used for both music and ceremony.
The mouth harp has also been popular in Europe, particularly in Scandinavia and Germany. In fact, the word "harp" comes from the German word "harfe" which means "mouth harp".
Today, mouth harps are still being made and played all over the world. They are a popular choice for folk musicians as well as those who enjoy playing unique and interesting instruments.
How are mouth harps made
Mouth harps are also known as Jew's harps, jaw harps, juice harps, and Trump. They are one of the oldest musical instruments in the world, dating back to at least 3,000 BCE. The mouth harp is a small, handheld instrument that is played by holding it in the teeth and plucking the flexible metal tongue with the thumb.
The basic design of the mouth harp has remained unchanged for centuries, though there are now many different variations available. The most common type of mouth harp is the diatonic, which has just seven notes. However, there are also chromatic and pentatonic mouth harps, which have more or fewer notes respectively.
To make a mouth harp, a metal strip is first cut to the desired length and width. The strip is then bent into a U-shape and the two ends are welded or soldered together. A metal tongue is then attached to the frame and tuned to the desired pitch.
Mouth harps are relatively easy to play and are popular instruments for both beginners and experienced musicians alike. They are often used in traditional folk music, but can be found in a variety of genres including blues, rock, and country.
What types of music are played on mouth harps
Mouth harps, also known as Jew's harps, are small handheld instruments that are plucked with the teeth and tongue. They produce a twangy sound that can be used for a variety of music genres, including folk, blues, and country.
Who are some famous mouth harpists
Mouth harpists are people who play a type of musical instrument called a mouth harp, or Jew's harp. Mouth harps are small, handheld instruments that have a metal or bamboo reed attached to a frame. The player holds the instrument in their mouth and plucks the reed with their teeth to create sound.
Mouth harps have been around for thousands of years and can be found in many different cultures. Some of the most famous mouth harpists include:
-Kai Nilsen, a Norwegian mouth harpist who is known for his complex and virtuosic playing style.
-Tommy Makem, an Irish folk musician who popularized the mouth harp in the United States.
-Toots Thielemans, a Belgian jazz musician who was one of the first to use the mouth harp on electric guitar.
What techniques are used to play mouth harps
Mouth harps, also known as Jew's harps, are one of the oldest musical instruments in the world. They are played by holding the instrument between the teeth and plucking the string with the thumb. The resulting sound is a vibrating buzz that can be modulated by changing the shape of the mouth cavity.
Mouth harps have been used for centuries for a variety of purposes, including entertainment, religious ceremonies, and healing rituals. In some cultures, mouth harps are still used today. For example, in Mongolia, mouth harps are commonly played at weddings and funerals.
There are many different techniques that can be used to play mouth harps. The most common is to hold the instrument in the mouth and pluck the string with the thumb. However, other techniques include using the tongue or teeth to pluck the string, or using a bow to play the instrument.
Mouth harps can be made from a variety of materials, including wood, bone, metal, and plastic. The type of material used will affect the sound of the instrument. For example, metal mouth harps will produce a brighter sound than those made from wood.
Whether you're a beginner or a seasoned player, there's a mouth harp out there that's perfect for you. So get out there and start making some beautiful music!
What is the difference between a mouth harp and a harmonica
There are a few key differences between mouth harps and harmonicas. For one, mouth harps are typically much smaller than harmonicas. They also have only one row of holes, whereas harmonicas usually have two or more. Finally, the way you play a mouth harp is quite different from how you play a harmonica.
Mouth harps, also known as jew's harps, are played by holding the instrument in your mouth and plucking the string with your teeth. The string vibrates against your teeth, which creates the sound. Harmonicas, on the other hand, are played by blowing into the instrument.
So, in summary, the main differences between mouth harps and harmonicas are their size, the number of rows of holes, and the way they are played.
What is the range of a mouth harp
A mouth harp, also known as a Jew's harp, is a small, handheld musical instrument. The mouth harp is played by holding the instrument in the mouth and plucking the flexible metal tongue with the teeth. The tongue vibrates, producing a unique sound.
The range of a mouth harp depends on the size of the instrument and the skill of the player. Smaller instruments have a higher pitch, while larger instruments have a lower pitch. skilled players can produce a wide range of sounds from a single mouth harp.
Mouth harps are used in a variety of musical styles, including folk, blues, and country. The instrument has a long history and can be traced back to ancient China and Europe. Today, mouth harps are enjoyed by people all over the world.
Can mouth harps be played in ensembles
Yes, mouth harps can be played in ensembles! In fact, they can be a great way to add some extra flair to your group's sound.
Mouth harps are a type of percussion instrument that is played by holding the instrument in your mouth and using your tongue to strike the reeds. This creates a unique sound that can be used to add some variety to your music.
When playing in an ensemble, it is important to remember that each player will have a different sound. This means that you'll need to experiment with different ways of playing the instrument to find what works best for your group.
With a little practice, you'll be able to create some amazing music with your mouth harp ensemble!
How do I care for my mouth harp
The mouth harp is a simple musical instrument that can be enjoyed by people of all ages. Although it is a relatively easy instrument to care for, there are a few things you can do to keep your mouth


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Pump test benches
For development-related measurement or end-of-line testing for a 100% control of pumps, Pollux develops test concepts for the automatic determination of characteristic curves and for the validation of continuous operation of mechanically or electrically driven pumps.
Fully automatic pump test benches allow different test specimens to be subjected to a precise functional test and to provide the most accurate information on key figures such as delivery rate, pressure and output.
Used as an end-of-line test bench, the software enables the measurement of the pumps and comparison of the determined maps to predefined nominal curves. Different types of pumps of a just-in-sequence production can be checked in a row. The assignment of the pumps to the test process is carried out either manually by the operator or fully automatically via barcode or RFID. Test results can be stored in a central database and retrieved remotely, if needed.
If required, integrated climate chambers ensure that the components are tested under varying environmental conditions. Furthermore, the medium may be provided preconditioned in temperature or pressure and, if necessary, interlaced against the ambient temperature.
The software for the test bench control has a sequencer function to prepare individual test sequences and allows the acquisition and storage of different measured variables at runtime.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


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This video gives basic information on Using the HALT "Halt Program of Task" instruction in the Do-more Designer software. It presents information that is commonly missed by users. This WILL NOT be a complete tutorial for the instruction but rather a supplement to the help file and customer experience.
Our FREE Practical Guide to Programmable Logic Controllers eBook: _URL_
This instruction is used to Halt the operation of a Program or Task code block. Typically this instruction is used by some type of supervisory code that would terminate the execution of another Program or TASK. Now I do say Task, here, and this instruction can work for task but a non-yielding Task only runs for one scan, so it would make more since to just not execute Task instead of using a Halt instruction on it. Now the Halt instruction cannot halt the operation of the Main Program.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Christina McCranieChristina believes in helping others make confident financial decisions during the course of their divorce. She decided to become a CDFA in 2011 after going through her own divorce. She knows through her own experience how overwhelming, emotional, and tedious the divorce process can be and understands the anxiety that surrounds making decisions about one's future. By understanding the tax effect, financial valuation of each asset, and future financial needs, a Certified Divorce Financial Analyst can help clients make decisions with a clear understanding of the short and long-term effects, therefore decreasing anxiety.
Christina majored in accounting and was a CPA prior to raising her four children. She knows firsthand that even though a person may have an understanding of their finances, making financial decisions during an emotional and challenging time is difficult. She wants to help people see a clear picture of their current financial situation, so they can make informed decisions for their future.
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Cyberchase Wiki
"How It All Started: Webisode 1" is the first Cyberchase webisode, and the first part of the How It All Started prequel series that was later expanded into Web Adventures. It was originally published in December 2001. The included browser minigame is titled "Hacker's Safe"[1].
Aside from early versions of episodes that were test-screened or evaluated with limited audiences ("The Poddleville Case", "Bridge", "Lost My Marbles", "Snow Day to be Exact", and "Castleblanca"), this webisode may be the debut appearance of each character and location that it includes.
The narration gives an introductory explanation of Cyberspace[2] and its cybersites[3].
At the Cyber Grand Council Building, the heads of several cybersites are in a meeting with Motherboard to discuss the future[4], demonstrating her benevolent and optimistic leadership[5].
The narration then explains that Motherboard exists as the brain of Control Central[6], which oversees Cyberspace[7], and is maintained by Dr. Marbles[8]. Dr. Marbles creates a cyborg who calls himself The Hacker and wants to take over Cyberspace[9]. Hacker, in turn, creates Digit[10].
One night, while Dr. Marbles is away, Hacker removes Motherboard's Encryptor Chip and locks it in a secret vault[11]. Digit needs to figure out the combination and return the chip to Motherboard before it's too late[12], which is presented in the form of a minigame where the player must complete 3 patterns[1].
Motherboard chides Hacker and exiles him from Control Central[13]. Dr. Marbles drains his power and places him in a cyberpod[14] that flies to the farthest reaches of the Northern Frontier[15]. However, unbeknownst to Motherboard or Dr. Marbles, Hacker also brought Digit into the pod against his will[16].
 - In this webisode, Hacker is depicted as being power-hungry from his creation[9], whereas in later flashbacks in Cyberchase, he sincerely wanted to help Motherboard for some time, and only later became evil[17][18].


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On February 18, CPA participated in a renewed round of 2021 pre-budget consultations with the Government of Canada. In this budget cycle, the government is focusing on measures to support Canada's recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic. CPA utilized this opportunity to continue to advocate for issues that are aligned with the association's Strategic Plan. Government action on these issues would not only support CPA members' contributions to the economic recovery but also contribute to sustaining the industry in the long term. CPA submitted the following recommendations in writing as part of the pre-budget process:
- The government include provisions in the Clean Fuel Regulations (CFR) that exempt secondary forest residues that are byproducts of industrial wood processing operations as an eligible feedstock for compliance credit creation if there is an existing or intended higher value use.
- The government recognize the carbon sequestration benefits of harvested wood products, including composite wood products, as a carbon credit mechanism in Canada's low carbon economy programs.
- The government promote technological innovation and growth by ensuring funding programs designed to accelerate the decarbonization of Canada's industrial sector be equally accessible to all industrial emitters and providing increased funding for the Investments in Forest Industry Transformation (IFIT) program.
CPA also provided copies of the recommendations to the Ministers of Natural Resources and Environment and Climate Change following the positive responses received from both offices on CPA's prior budget submission in August 2020. See CPA 2021 Pre-budget Submission.


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Summary form only given. Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) reactor is frequently used in sterilization with atmospheric pressure plasma in pulsed corona or glow discharge mode. The suggested mechanisms responsible for sterilization include oxygen excited states, ozone, high temperature, UV, and run away electron bombardment. Although which is the key mechanism is yet to be identified due to variations in reactor design and experiment condition, it is generally believed a higher plasma density would facilitate the sterilization process, while a lower ion temperature lessen the surface damage, but the these two imply contradictory output characteristics from the pulsed power supply. Higher pulse voltage or repetition frequency not necessarily creates better sterilization effect. A compact, energy efficient power sup ply is desired in many portable applications, but often energy is wasted as a reflection due to impedance mismatch between transmission line and the impedance of DBD, or dissipated i n the dielectric layer of DBD. This work analyzes the energy efficiency of a pulsed power supply to a DBD reactor by introducing equivalent circuit models in different stages: initiation, pulsed corona, glow discharge, and try to link the performance of the pulsed power supply to the mechanisms responsible for sterilization. One conclusion is high pulse voltage with fast rise time is vital to run away electron generation, but not necessary for excited oxygen generation. Enough repetition rates for needed plasma can save considerable energy, and a DB D reactor with low dielectric layer thickness and low dielectric constant will render the highest electric field across the gap and thus most energy efficiency.
Date of Conference: 1-5 June 2009

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Unanswered: Checking text box text against original
Wondering if anyone can help me with this?
I have a text box on a products form that allows a user to edit the current product details, one of these details is the total number of products received to date.
If the user edits this text box then they can set this value equal to less than the original value. I want to make sure that whatever number they enter, it is greater than the original value that was in the text box.
If it isn't i want to be able to display a message box telling them this.


Let f and g be differentiable functions for all x\in\mathbb{R}
Now if f(x)=(g\circ f')(x), can I conclude that because f is differentiable,
thus (g\circ f') is differenitable.
And further that if (g\circ f') is differentiable then:
(g\circ f')'=g(f'(x))\cdot f''(x) and thus f is twice differentiable?
If not, then how about if g is bijective and thus has an inverse g^{-1}, and the inverse is differentiable.
f(x)=(g\circ f')
(g^{-1}\circ f)(x)=g^{-1}\circ(g\circ f')(x)=f'(x)
And now g^{-1}\circ f is a combination of 2 differentiable functions, thus
(g^{-1}\circ f)'=\left(f'(x)\right)'=f''(x)
then f is twice differentiable?
This is not homework, I am just thinking.


Siddhesh Joshi (Editor)
James Thomson (engineer)
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Name James Thomson
Role Engineer
Died May 8, 1892
James Thomson (engineer)
Books Collected Papers in Physics and Engineering
Siblings William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin
James thomson 8 0 signs for mtk scotland formerly mgm scotland targets fight with eddie doyle
Prof James Thomson FRS FRSE LLD (16 February 1822 – 8 May 1892) was an engineer and physicist whose reputation is substantial though it is overshadowed by that of his younger brother William Thomson (Lord Kelvin).
Contents
James Thomson (engineer) James Thomson engineer Wikipedia
Biography
Born in Belfast, much of his youth was spent in Glasgow. His father James was professor of mathematics at the University of Glasgow from 1832 onward and his younger brother William was to become Baron Kelvin. James attended Glasgow University from a young age and graduated (1839) with high honors in his late teens. After graduation, he served brief apprenticeships with practical engineers in several domains; and then gave a considerable amount of his time to theoretical and mathematical engineering studies, often in collaboration with his brother, during his twenties in Glasgow. In his late twenties he entered into private practice as a professional engineer with special expertise in water transport. In his early thirties, in 1855, he was appointed professor of civil engineering at Queen's University Belfast. He remained there until 1873, when he accepted the Regius professorship of Civil Engineering and Mechanics at the University of Glasgow (in which post he was successor to the influential William Rankine) until he resigned with failing eyesight in 1889.
In 1875 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. His proposers were his younger brother William Thomson, Peter Guthrie Tait, Alexander Crum Brown, and John Hutton Balfour. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of London in June 1877.
He served as President of the Institution of Engineers and Shipbuilders in Scotland from 1884 to 1886.
In later life he lived at 2 Florentine Gardens off Hillhead Street.
He died of cholera in Glasgow on 8 May 1892. He is buried on the northern slopes of the Glasgow Necropolis overlooking Glasgow Cathedral.
Legacy
James Thomson is known for his work on the improvement of water wheels, water pumps and turbines. Also his innovations in the analysis of regelation, i.e., the effect of pressure on the freezing point of water, and his studies in glaciology including glacier motion, where he extended the work of James David Forbes. He studied the experimental work of his colleague Thomas Andrews, concerning the continuity of the liquid and gaseous states of matter, and strengthened understanding of it by applying his strong knowledge of thermodynamics. He derived a simplified form of the Clapeyron equation for the solid-liquid phase boundary. He also had contributions in the realm of fluid dynamics of rivers. It is claimed that the term torque was introduced into English scientific literature by Thomson, in 1884.
Publications
James Thomson's main published research reports in physics and engineering were republished as a 500-page collection after his death. The collection is freely available online (see below) and is prefaced by a lengthy (80 page) biography plus a more concise (10 page) biography. It is stated in this book that Thomson is the first to use the words radian, interface and apocentric in English, though he used a number of other neologisms that didn't survive.
References
James Thomson (engineer) Wikipedia
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اهمیت جانبیMNC، نقش تعبیه داخلی چیست؟
|کد مقاله||سال انتشار||مقاله انگلیسی||ترجمه فارسی||تعداد کلمات|
|11510||2011||12 صفحه PDF||سفارش دهید||8079 کلمه|
Publisher : Elsevier - Science Direct (الزویر - ساینس دایرکت)
Journal : International Business Review, Volume 20, Issue 2, April 2011, Pages 151–162
This paper addresses the issue of how a subsidiary's internal and external embeddedness interact in generating the importance of the subsidiary vis-à-vis the MNC as a whole. We take previous findings of the positive impact of external embeddedness on a subsidiary's importance as our starting point and consider two questions: (a) how does the internal embeddedness of a subsidiary affect its organisational importance, and (b) how do a subsidiary's internal and external embeddedness interact in generating organisational importance? We test hypotheses reflecting these questions on data from 97 foreign subsidiaries belonging to Swedish multinationals. We find that internal embeddedness is negatively related to a subsidiary's importance to product development but unrelated to its importance to production development. We also find that internal embeddedness dilutes the positive impact of external embeddedness on a subsidiary's importance to production development. We discuss the findings in the light of the extant literature and consider implications for future research and MNC managers.
A significant development in the multinational corporation (MNC) subsidiary literature is the detailed investigation of the role of business networks in subsidiary development and impact in MNCs (Andersson and Forsgren, 2000, Andersson et al., 2002, Andersson et al., 2007, Forsgren et al., 2005, Ghauri, 1992 and Holm and Pedersen, 2000). One issue that these studies have investigated relates to the 'organisational performance' of the subsidiary within the MNC of which it is a member. By 'organisational performance' of a subsidiary, we mean, following Andersson, Forsgren, and Pederson (2001), the impact of the subsidiary on the rest of the MNC through its knowledge development and knowledge sharing activities. One particular manifestation of the 'impact' of the subsidiary within the MNC is the importance that other units in the organisation, and particularly the headquarters (HQ), attach to the subsidiary insomuch as it is of use to them as a source of knowledge or capability. Business network studies have shown that subsidiary importance is a robust construct and reflects the subsidiary's potential to contribute to technological and market development in the MNC ( Andersson et al., 2002) and is a key source of its bargaining strength (see, in particular, Andersson et al., 2007). Thus, for example, the basis of a subsidiary's status as a 'centre of excellence' within the MNC is the recognition by HQ that the subsidiary has gained expertise or capability in a particular function or activity of potential value to other units in the organisation ( Andersson & Forsgren, 2000). A subsidiary's importance to production or product development has been shown to be strongly linked to its 'embeddedness' in networks of business relationships between the subsidiary and a (small) number of customers and suppliers. While a subsidiary's business partners could be either sister affiliates in the MNC or external business organisations, most of the attention has been paid to subsidiaries' business relations with external business organisations and to the impact of such relationships on the MNCs. With rare exceptions (Garcia-Pont et al., 2009 and Schmid and Schuring, 2003) internal subsidiary embeddedness has not been the focus of empirical investigation. Most empirical studies have only included measures/indicators of external business embeddedness in their analyses. However, subsidiaries are clearly simultaneously embedded in both external and internal networks (Forsgren et al., 2005). Even though the degree or 'depth' of internal embeddedness may be less than that of the external embeddedness, it is unlikely to be zero (Holm and Pedersen, 2000 and Yamin, 2005). An important question in this context is, given that a subsidiary's external network embeddedness enhances its importance to the MNC's competence development, does the subsidiary's internal embeddedness reinforce or dilute this effect? This paper addresses the issue of how a subsidiary's internal and external embeddedness interact in generating the technological importance of the subsidiary vis-à-vis the MNC as a whole. We take previous studies' findings relating to the positive impact of external embeddedness on a subsidiary's organisational importance as our starting point and ask two research questions: (a) how does the internal embeddedness of a subsidiary affect its organisational importance, and (b) how do a subsidiary's internal and external embeddedness interact in generating organisational importance? In Section 2 we consider the distinctive features of the internal and external embeddedness of subsidiaries. In Section 3 we develop hypotheses relating to the impact of internal embeddedness on subsidiary importance and also with regard to the interaction between internal and external embeddedness in terms of a subsidiary's importance. Section 4 explains the methodology and data source utilised in this study and in Section 5 we discuss our findings.
نتیجه گیری انگلیسی
This paper has addressed a hitherto neglected issue in the MNC subsidiary literature, namely the effects of internal business embeddedness on a subsidiary's organisational performance. Prior literature has not fully addressed how internal embeddedness may be distinctive in terms of its effect on key subsidiary roles, such as knowledge development. Current discussion of this issue has been of a rather general and conceptual character, with very limited empirical investigation of the effect of a subsidiary's internal embeddedness on its competence or capability development. The recent study by Garcia-Pont et al. (2009) does empirically investigate the impact of internal embeddedness on the subsidiary but its focus is not the subsidiary's importance but a different, though potentially related outcome, namely the subsidiary's 'distinctiveness'. Moreover, Garcia-Pont et al. (2009) do not appear to shed any light on how internal and external embeddedness interact in generating outcomes for the subsidiary. Our aim, by comparison, has been to specifically build on existing studies which have demonstrated a significant and robust connection between external embeddedness and a subsidiary's importance for production and product development in the MNC of which it is a part. Specifically, we have investigated (1) whether a subsidiary's internal embeddedness has any effects on its importance, once we control for the level of external embeddedness, and other subsidiary characteristics that could potentially affect its importance; and (2) whether and how internal embeddedness may interact with external embeddedness in generating a subsidiary's importance. Overall our study confirms the extant knowledge in that external embeddedness is shown to have pre-eminence in generating a subsidiary's competence in both production and product development. However the finding that internal embeddedness negatively impacts a subsidiary's importance for product development and, especially, the finding of a negative interaction effect on a subsidiary's importance for production development, suggests that the extant studies' near–exclusive focus on external embeddedness is unwarranted. Our study makes an important contribution by carefully delineating why internal embeddedness may be distinctive in terms of its impact on a subsidiary's importance. A further contribution is to highlight the possibility that internal embeddedness may actually reduce the positive impact of external embeddedness on the subsidiary's importance. Our study strongly suggests that general propositions linking a subsidiary's embeddedness and its strategic capabilities that are based only on the consideration of external (or, of course, only of internal) embeddedness, should be regarded with caution if not scepticism. It is surely necessary that propositions about subsidiary capabilities are based on a more holistic view of the impacts of all of its networks. Data limitations do not allow us to further investigate the rationale behind the rather uneven pattern of results with respect to interaction effects. In particular it would be important to investigate further whether (and why) internal embeddedness reduces the positive effect of external embeddedness on a subsidiary's importance for production development but not for product development. The findings with respect to interactions are somewhat counter-intuitive, as it is more plausible for the interaction effect to be negative with respect to product development. So clearly there is scope for further theoretical and empirical investigation of the interactions between internal and external embeddedness. Another line of research could beneficially investigate the impact of a subsidiary's embeddedness on its corporate 'visibility' and, specifically, whether the internal embeddedness does in fact enhance corporate 'visibility' more than external embeddedness. This would enrich our understanding of the process through which a subsidiary's importance may be gained, enhanced or damaged. In terms of practitioner implications, we note that a subsidiary's importance is, ultimately, 'useful' to it as the basis for it gaining influence on strategy within the MNC (Andersson et al., 2007). From this perspective, our findings suggest that in the struggle to gain influence, a subsidiary's technical and organisational capabilities may be more important than its involvement in internal MNC networks and hence its corporate 'visibility'. Thus a subsidiary's capabilities may well attract the attention of HQ (Bouquet & Birkinshaw, 2008) even if it is not very 'visible' in terms of a high degree of internal corporate networking activity. Our findings imply that simultaneously benefitting from internal and external embeddedness may prove to be a tough balancing act and thus be managerially challenging. Managers may prudently reflect on the double-edged nature of corporate visibility: enhanced visibility without superior or perhaps even 'average' competence levels may well weaken the position of the subsidiary in the internal competition for resources


The Archbishop of York, John Kershan, is to chair the Living Wage Commission. The Commission is a 12 month inquiry into the future of the Living Wage.
Launching the Living Wage Commission, the Archbishop of York was excited and explained what their plans effectively are.
Right now, millions of people are not receiving a fair day's pay for a fair day's work. The scale of low pay in the UK is a national scandal. Around five million people, the majority of them women, aren't paid a wage high enough to provide a basic but acceptable standard of living. In too many workplaces, the basic moral imperative that workers be paid enough to live on has been lost in the pursuit of profit.
"The Living Wage offers us hope. It is a simple idea with profound implications for the lives of millions. Yet for too many people, the notion of being paid enough to live on remains an abstract concept. I am honoured to be chairing a Commission that will investigate how to build a strong future by paying the Living Wage to workers and, in so doing, build a fair and just society."
John Kershan


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How to use the Slovenian WebclassroomLearning language through culture
The Slovenian Webclassroom topics is a continuing language project with the goal of learning "culture through language". it is an innovative presentation of learning "language in context" with a range of activities from texts of the latest Web resources to develop reading and writing skills. The webclassroom has been designed for: the teacher and independent learners, for the senior secondary student or the adult who is used to acquiring language skills and knowledge through reading can select and research topics of interest. A student with some basic knowledge of Slovenian can use that knowledge as a basis to gain information by reading Slovenian texts with the use of dictionary, and gradually extend his/her comprehension level. For language students and teachers of Slovenian the units provide a set of research and communicative tasks based on the existing Web sites, which are intended to develop and focus on Slovenian language reading and writing skills.
The topics have a range of language activities, contextually-based for the levels of language proficiency from beginner to advanced levels. The structure of topics act as a template for educators to write new topics, or be adapted for their own curriculum and interests of the learner. The activities can be supplemented by the instructor with the provision of reinforcing language and grammatical exercises based on material in the topic. The material can be the basis for classroom activities to develop the other language skills of speaking and listening.
The methodology includes a broad range of text types to develop writing skills. Text types were introduced in the language classroom throughout Australia as the most effective approach in acquiring communication skills. Most text types are available on the Web and can serve as examples of Slovenian writing when completing the set activities and tasks. The Internet has been used in the Slovenian class of the Victorian School of Languages, in Melbourne particularly for research assignments and as resource material for contemporary Slovenian texts from Years 7 to 12.
The text types in the topics include:
advertisement, article, brochure, quide, instruction, recipe, menu, interview, invitation, journal entry, letter, poem, postcard, profile, report, review, script, song, short story.
The text types are listed in the chart of each of the topic outlines, with focus on some specified linguistic elements and the grammar reference book by the slavist Peter Herrity, "Slovene, a Comprehensive Grammar".
Extending language skills using the Web
The Webclassroom project is organized into themes, activities/tasks based on the Web resources. The activities focus on reading and writing skills. Reading activities and research extend language and vocabulary skills as well as broaden the knowledge of Slovenian culture. The majority of Slovenian Websites are bilingual and reading can be pursued both in English and Slovenian – with the double aim of gaining information as well as developing language skills. In the writing activities, emphasis is on text-types and on linguistic elements. However these need to be undertaken under the guidance of a teacher or at a more advanced level with the aid of a comprehensive reference grammar.
There are collections of audio files for learning Slovenian language on the Web, in Miran Hladnik's "Slovenian for Travellers – Slovenščina za popotnike", _URL_ The audio files readings of poems by France Prešeren, on _URL_ are ideal for the study of Slovenian literature.
Communication skills – reading and writing
The learner has the option of only reading about the topic to extend reading skills. The topics can be used by anyone who is interested in a particular topic and would like simply to read for the interest and in English. The approach is based on the experience of language learners who have acquired information and a considerable level of language by reading. This is referred to as passive knowledge, which is highly valuable. A person with a high level of passive language skills has acquired a much broader vocabulary and a strong foundation for developing speaking and writing, that is active communication skills.
Use of bilingual websites – Slovenian-English
The existence of a great number of bilingual Slovenian/English Websites and their inclusion in the resources lists means that a person with no or little knowledge of Slovenian can also use the webclassroom to quickly gain some insight into Slovenian society, Slovenian cities, country, and government, etc. The viewer with a grounding in Slovenian language may proceed by reading in English first, then in Slovenian. This is an effective process to expand vocabulary and acquire knowledge of contemporary standard Slovenian. The complexity of language will vary according to the target audience of the Web site, and its content. The viewer can select the appropriate level of language, and extend learning by selecting more challenging texts. The language will vary according to the purpose and the style of the writer, and may be either formal or informal as found in the multitude of discussion forums covering whole range of topical issues and interests.


text:
- Volume 16 Issue 1
This paper studies the effect of vibration characteristics of tube line conveying fluid with the power steering system of bus. We modelled fluid-filled tube line using I-DEAS software to investigate vibration characteristics of the power steering tube line. And we obtained the natural frequency of tube line through finite element analysis. Analytic solutions were compared with experimental solutions to verify finite element model. We tested the tube line to examine an effect of pressure pulse by vane pump and variation of geometry of tube. From both the experimental results and the modeling results for vibration characteristics of the tube line conveying fluid, we confirmed that vibration characteristics induced by pulse propagated along the power steering tube line and resonance occurred around the natural frequency with pulse excitation.


Taguchi designs
Use this tool to generate Taguchi designs and improve your products or processes. Available in Excel with the XLSTAT software.
What is Taguchi method?
The Taguchi method is a method introduced by Genichi Taguchi (Genichi and Wu, 1980) which is a method of design of experiment providing an improvement to full and fractional factorial designs.
Two steps are needed to apply that method:
 - A step of generation of the Taguchi design during which it is possible to choose from a list of designs according to the number of factors and the levels of these.
 - Once the Taguchi design is obtained, you can analyze it to identify the control factor parameters that minimize the variation of the response. This second step is achievable with the tool Analysis of a Taguchi design.
Taguchi design options within XLSTAT
Depending on the number of factors and their levels, XLSTAT offers a list of appropriate designs. These designs have a particular notation defined such as: L(nbRuns)(nbLevel^nbFactor).
Where nbRuns = number of runs, nbLevel = number of levels for each factor, and nbFactors = number of factors.
If the notation is of this form: L(nbRuns)(nbLevel^nbFactors), the design contains mixed-levels factors.
For example, a L9(3^3) design is a design having 9 runs and 3 factors at 3 levels. A L18(3^3 6^1) design is a design having 18 runs, 3 factors with 3 levels and 1 factor with 6 levels.
Taguich design output within XLSTAT
Variable Information: This table summarizes all information about the selected factors.
Design of experiment: This table shows the Taguchi design. Empty columns are used to fill in the responses.
Start the analysis: Once the responses columns are filled, you can click on the "Run the analysis" button to open the prefilled dialog box allowing to perform the analysis of the Taguchi design.
Coded design: This table displays Taguchi's coded design, containing 1, 2, 3,... rather than the categories of your factors.
ternary diagramneural network diagram
analysieren sie ihre daten mit xlstat
kostenlose 14-tage-testversion


Add a New Page to ASP.NET Core Razor Project
Adding pages to an ASP.NET Core Razor pages application is a process that you might need to go through many times, and it probably sounds like something simple, but that is not always the case.
This post will show you how to add a new ASP.NET page to an existing ASP.NET Core Razor page application.
Create a new Page
If you need to create a new page using the .NET CLI, open the project directory Pages folder (see screenshot) and run the command below.
dotnet new page --name mycode
In our case, we added a page called mycode.
How does it work?
Behind the scenes, ASP.NET uses a method called MapRazorPages() that maps any page added to the Pages/ to the routing template using attribute routing.
 app.UseEndpoints(endpoints =>
 {
 endpoints.MapRazorPages();
 });
Once you add the page, you can go ahead, run the app and access it. The process is straightforward if you don't need a custom routing that routes multiple URLs to the same page.
Leave a comment
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text:
|The First Televised Orchestra Concert
Philadelphia Orchestra during the First
Televised Orchestra Concert
Photograph by Jules Schick 20 March 1948
At 5:00 p.m. on 20 March 1948, the Philadelphia Orchestra made broadcasting history as the first American orchestra to perform on network television. The hour-long concert, produced by WCAU-TV, the Philadelphia affiliate of the Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS), was broadcast live from the Academy of Music at the corner of Broad and Locust Streets. The broadcast followed close on the heels of an agreement between the American Federation of Musicians, led by James Petrillo, and the networks, which ended a three-year ban on live music performances on television. Once the agreement had been reached, the networks jockeyed for the distinction of being the first to televise an orchestra concert. Soon after the National Broadcasting Company (NBC) had announced plans to telecast an hour-long all-Wagner concert by the NBC Symphony Orchestra under Arturo Toscanini at 6:30 p.m. on 20 March 1948, CBS countered by scheduling a concert by the Philadelphia Orchestra for the same evening, ninety minutes earlier.The Philadelphia orchestra performed two works: the overture to Carl Maria von Weber's opera Der Freischutz and the recently rediscovered Symphony no. 1 by Sergei Rachmaninoff, which had received its United States premiere by the orchestra the previous evening.


What is an economic census? Definition and examples
An economic census is a program that some countries have in which they publish a directory of national business statistics. In most countries, the authorities carry out an economic census every five years. They carry out the census at local, regional, and national levels. During a census, they gather valuable information about employers, employees, sales, receipts, and shipments.
The American one, for example, occurs once every five years. In India, on the other hand, the interval between each census varies.
The First Economic Census in India was in 1977, its Second in 1980, its Third in 1990. India's Fourth, Fifth and Sixth Economic Censuses took place in 1998, 2005, and 2013 respectively.
BusinessDictionary.com says the following regarding the US economic censuses:
"The economic census is conducted every 5 years on a local to national level to provide valuable data concerning sales, receipts, shipments, employers, and employees."
Economic Census
According to the US Census Bureau: "The key statistics produced for the Economic Census include Total Number of Establishments; Value of Sales, Shipments, Receipts, Revenue; Primary Business Activity; Number of Employees; Total Annual Payroll; Total First Quarter Payroll; and industry specific statistics."
United States Economic Census
The US Economic Census is an official five-year measure of US business and the national economy. The US Census Bureau carries out the census. By law, if you get a form, you must fill it in, i.e., response is compulsory.
The Census Bureau sends out forms to four million businesses every five years. Small, medium, large, and giant companies receive the forms. They are a good representative sample of all American companies.
Participants must provide a range of performance and operational data.
Policymakers in national, regional, and local government use the census data when making strategic planning decisions.
Wikipedia says the following regarding US Economic Censuses:
"The Economic Census, together with the separately conducted censuses of agriculture and governments, covers virtually the entire economy, excepting only for forestry, agricultural support, rail transportation, and employment by private households."
USA – brief history
Business and economic censuses have existed in the United States for over two hundred years. In 1810, the first census of manufactures occurred.
The US Census Bureau writes:
"From black-smithing to robotics, from muskets to lasers, from an agrarian economy to one increasingly based on services, the Census Bureau and its predecessors have measured our economic activities since the first census of manufactures in 1810."
As the economy grew and became more sophisticated, the censuses began to include wholesalers and mining concerns. Subsequently, there was a constructions industries census. Wholesalers are companies that buy goods in bulk and sell them in smaller batches to retailers and other businesses.
It was not until 1954 that America had what economists call 'a fully integrated census.' That year was also the first time census organizers used an electronic computer (UNIVAC 1) to process data.
The Census of Transportation began in 1963. In 1987, transportation data became more sophisticated and included many different transportation industries.
The final major expansion of America's Economic Census occurred in 1992. In that year, the organizers added more data from transportation industries as well as finance. They also included information on insurance companies, real estate, communications, and utilities.
In this article, 'utilities' refers to providers of water, natural gas, or electricity.


text:
Leet (1337) is an alphabet of ASCII characters used by 'elite' internet users. Purposes for using Leet can vary, but I find it particularly useful for creating passwords. Here's an example:
Leet sentence: 1337 |$ \/3|2′/ |_|$3|o5|_|1 |o50|2 [|2347||\|9 |o4$$\/\/0|2|)$
Plain English: Leet is very useful for creating passwords
Basically, Leet is just another way to write words using numbers and symbols. I know, incredibly geeky, but it can be a lot of fun! There are several different ways to write Leet, so you kind of have to settle on a standard format for your own use, or you may find yourself using 20 different versions of "M". For a complete chart, click here.
Like I said, Leet can be used for just about anything, but I like to create passwords using Leet. Reason for doing so, is simply more security. Symbols and characters add a whole new level of security to passwords. It's not for everyone, but I find 1337 intriguing.
Have you heard of 1337? Do you use it for anything?


Visualization - Exotic - Parallel Coordinates
From Q
Jump to navigation Jump to search
VizIcon Parallel Coordinates.svg
Parallel coordinates are a way to plot multivariate data. They are primarily used to visualize the relationships between many numeric variables.
Parallel coordinates are a way to plot multivariate data. They are primarily used to visualize the relationships between many numeric variables. The chart gives each variable its own axis and positions it in parallel to the other axes, with the data points plotted as a series of lines along each axis.
Data format
The variable order of the parallel coordinates chart will determine how the axes are arranged. This is important to note because it is much easier to detect patterns between variables that are positioned adjacent to each other.
In Displayr, the axes are ordered exactly as the variables are ordered in the variables list. Re-ordering the axes in a meaningful way will make it easier to discover patterns and correlations.
Parallel coords variable order.png
Parallel coords viz.png
Interpretation
A parallel coordinates chart can appear messy and cluttered. Here are some things to look for when interpreting the results.
Patterns between colored lines Setting the color variable (Inputs > DATA SOURCE > Color variable) will color-code each line according to the assigned variable. This allows you to more easily detect patterns and correlations.
Clusters on a single axis Data points may be clustered around certain areas of an axis, which may be particularly noteworthy if the clusters are also differentiated by color on the chart.
Patterns between axes Correlations between axes adjacent to each other indicate that the variables are in some way connected.
Example
The following example uses data the Iris flower data set, which measures certain characteristics of three species of Iris.
Create a Parallel Coordinates Chart in Displayr
1. Go to Insert > Visualization > Parallel Coordinates
2. Under Inputs > DATA SOURCE > Variables, Select the variables you want to include
3. Under Inputs > DATA SOURCE > Color variable, select the variable you want to color code.
Tip: In step 3, select the variables in the order you wish to arrange the axes to prevent having to reorder it later.
Object Inspector Options
The following is an explanation of the options available in the Object Inspector for this specific visualization. Refer to Visualization Options for general chart formatting options.
Chart
APPEARANCE
Variables Variables to show in the chart. These must come from the same data set. Each variable will be shown on a separate axis.
Color variable Optional variable used to color the lines in the chart. It must be a variable from the same data set as ::Variables, and can even be one of the variables included in Variables. If no variable is supplied, then all the lines in the chart will shown in the same color.
Variable names Use variable names instead of variable labels to label axes of chart.
Tidy labels Extract common prefixes from axes labels.
Reverse axes Show smallest values at the top of the y-axes.
Enable interactions When interactions are enabled users can click and drag on chart to select lines. However for large data sets it may be more efficient to turn off interactions.
Render lines progressively Lines are gradually added to the chart, so the user can see when multiple overlapping lines are added.
Line opacity Set transparency of lines to a numeric value between 0 (clear) to 1 (opaque). Note that overlapping lines of multiple colors will always be shown as a dark line (black hue).
Line colors Select a color palette to use if Color variable is provided, or a single color if not.
Rotate variable label Show variable labels at perpendicularly. This is useful for displaying longer labels. You may also need to adjust margin dimensions.
Acknowledgements
Uses the parcoords package by timelyportfolio.
Code
var allow_control_groups = Q.fileFormatVersion() > 10.9;
var displayr = Q.isOnTheWeb();
function isEmpty(x) { return (x == undefined || x.getValue() == null && (x.getValues() == null || x.getValues().length == 0)) }
var template_prompt = "Create a template to control settings for all visualizations in the document by inserting 'Visualization > Template'";
font_families = ["Arial", "Arial Black", "Century Gothic", "Comic Sans MS",
 "Courier New", "Georgia", "Impact", "Open Sans", "Tahoma", "Times New Roman", "Trebuchet MS", "Verdana"]
palettes = ["Default or template settings", "Blues, light to dark", "Blues, dark to light", "Greys, light to dark", "Greys, dark to light", "Reds, light to dark", "Reds, dark to light", "Greens, light to dark", "Greens, dark to light", "Spectral colors (red, yellow, blue)", "Spectral colors (blue, yellow, red)","Heat colors (yellow, red)", "Terrain colors (green, beige, grey)", "Custom gradient", "Custom palette"];
form.setHeading("Parallel Coordinates")
if (allow_control_groups)
 form.group("Data Source")
form.dropBox({label: "Variables", name: "formVariables", multi: true, min_inputs: 2, max_inputs: 20, required: true, types:["Variable"], prompt: "Choose variables to show in chart"});
var colVar = form.dropBox({label: "Color variable", name: "formColorVar", multi: false, required: false, types: ["Variable"], prompt: "Choose a variable (from the same data set) which will be used to color the observations in the chart"}).getValue()
form.checkBox({label: "Variable names", name: "formNames", default_value: false, prompt: "Show variable names instead of variable labels"});
form.checkBox({label: "Tidy labels", name: "formTidyLabels", default_value: true, prompt: "Extract common prefixes to simplify labels"});
form.checkBox({label: "Reverse axes", name: "formReverseAxes", default_value: true, prompt: "Show smallest values at the top of the chart"});
form.checkBox({name: "formInteractive", label: "Enable interactions", prompt: "Lines can be selected by clicking on chart and dragging", default_value: true});
var queueOpt = form.checkBox({name: "formQueue", label: "Render lines progressively", default_value: false}).getValue();
if (queueOpt)
 form.numericUpDown({name: "formQueueRate", label: "Lines per frame", minimum: 1, default_value: 10, maximum: 200, prompt: "Increase number to speed up rendering of lines"});
if (allow_control_groups)
 form.page("Chart");
var qTemplate = form.dropBox({name: "formTemplate", label: "Use template", types: ["RItem:AppearanceTemplate"], required: false, prompt: template_prompt});
var use_default_fonts = !isEmpty(qTemplate);
if (allow_control_groups)
 form.group("Colors");
form.numericUpDown({label: "Line opacity", name: "formOpacity", default_value: 0.4, minimum: 0, maximum: 1.0, increment: 0.05});
if (colVar == null)
 form.colorPicker({label: "Line color", name: "formColor", default_value: "#5C9AD3"});
else
{
 var qColor = form.comboBox({name: "formPalette", label: "Line colors", alternatives: palettes, default_value: palettes[0], required: true});
 var colOpt = qColor.getValue();
 if (colOpt == "Custom gradient")
 {
 if (!allow_control_groups)
 var qGradientLabel = form.newLabel("Gradient start/end");
 form.colorPicker({name: "formCustomGradientStart", label: !allow_control_groups ? "" : "Gradient start", default_value: "#5C9AD3"});
 form.colorPicker({name: "formCustomGradientEnd", label: !allow_control_groups ? "" : "Gradient end", default_value: "#ED7D31"});
 }
 if (colOpt == "Custom palette")
 form.textBox({name: "formCustomPalette", label: "Custom palette", default_value: "#5C9AD3, #ED7D31", prompt: "Enter color as a string. Multiple values should be separated by com


BENEFIT-REALISE Project Overview
The 'Realising Sustainable Agricultural Livelihood Security in Ethiopia' (REALISE) programme is established in 2018 with the aims to contribute to sustainable livelihoods through the introduction of improved farming practices, innovations and social experiments to strengthen the current Productive Safety Net Programme (PSNP) in Ethiopia. REALISE is a new Bilateral Ethiopia Netherlands Effort for Food Income and Trade (BENEFIT) programme so as to take the achievements of CASCAPE (Capacity building for Scaling up of evidence-based best Practices in Agricultural Production' (CASCAPE) programme and the 'Integrated Seed Sector Development' (ISSD) Ethiopia programme to new areas and target groups.
BENEFIT-REALISE Project Oda Bultum University Cluster will operate in four woredas (Chiro, Doba, Habro and Oda Bultum) of West Hararghe zone of Oromia Region with an initial implementing period of three years (2018-2020). It is funded by the Directorate-General for International Cooperation (DGIS) of the Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs and is implemented with support from Wageningen University and Research (WUR).
Programme Goal
Increasing agricultural productivity and improving sustainable livelihoods of smallholders in chronically food insecure high potential PSNP woredas' through enhanced human, organizational and institutional capacities for validating, adapting and scaling best fit practices and innovations.
BENEFIT-REALISE Oda Bultum University Cluster Implementation Areas
Core Values
 1. Team spirit 6. Inclusiveness
 2. Output oriented 7. Commitment
 3. Integrity 8. Transparency
 4. Accountability 9. Responsiveness
 5. Honesty 10.Valuing indigenous knowledge
REALISE Four Pathways
 1. Practice
 2. Seed
 3. Capacity
 4. System Innovation
REALISE Approach
 1. Demand Driven and Context Specific Interventions
 2. Layering and Sequencing
 3. Matching CASCAPE/ISSD Ethiopia and Others Research Organizations Intervention with PSNP clients
 4. Scaling
 5. University as Knowledge Brokers in the Agriculture Knowledge System
 6. Evidence Based Policy Dialogue
 7. Training of Trainer Approach
 8. Innovative Extension Messages and Approach
 9. A Clear Story Line
REALISE Guiding Principles
PSNP Principles
 1. PSNP Principles
 2. Resilience
 3. Climate Smart Principles
 4. Mainstreaming Gender
 5. Nutrition Sensitive Agriculture
 6. Youth
Scroll to Top


text:
The winter storm that hit Austin, Texas in 2023 was one of the worst natural disasters to hit the city in recent memory. The storm caused widespread damage to homes, businesses, and public infrastructure, but perhaps one of the most significant impacts was the damage to the trees. In this blog, we will examine the extent of the tree damage in Austin from the 2023 winter storm and the reasons behind it.
One of the primary reasons for the tree damage in Austin was the severe cold weather that accompanied the storm. Temperatures in Austin dropped to record lows, and many trees were not able to handle the sudden change. The cold weather caused the sap inside the trees to freeze, which put a tremendous amount of pressure on the branches and trunks. In many cases, this pressure was too much for the trees to bear, and they snapped or bent, causing significant damage.
Another factor that contributed to the tree damage in Austin was the heavy snow and ice accumulation that accompanied the storm. The weight of the snow and ice caused branches to snap and break, and in some cases, entire trees were brought down. The snow and ice also created hazardous conditions on the roads, making it difficult for vehicles and people to navigate. This added to the overall chaos and destruction caused by the storm.
The city of Austin was not prepared for the level of damage caused by the winter storm. Many of the trees in the city were old and had not been properly maintained, which made them more vulnerable to damage. Additionally, many of the trees in Austin are not native species and were not well-suited for the cold weather. This, combined with the lack of preparation, contributed to the widespread tree damage in the city.
The aftermath of the winter storm was a sight to behold. Streets and parks were littered with fallen branches, broken trees, and debris. In many cases, entire neighborhoods were left without power as fallen trees brought down power lines. This was a challenging situation for the residents of Austin, who had to deal with the aftermath of the storm while also dealing with the lack of power and other essential services.
The city of Austin quickly sprang into action to address the tree damage caused by the winter storm. City workers and volunteers worked tirelessly to clear the streets and parks of fallen trees and debris. They also worked to remove damaged trees that posed a hazard to the public and to repair the damaged power lines. This was a massive effort that required a great deal of resources and manpower, but it was critical to ensure the safety and well-being of the residents of Austin.
In the aftermath of the winter storm, the city of Austin also took steps to prevent similar damage from occurring in the future. The city has implemented a comprehensive tree maintenance program that includes regular inspections, pruning, and replanting. Additionally, the city has worked to educate residents about the importance of properly maintaining their trees and how to do so in a way that minimizes damage. This will help to ensure that the residents of Austin are better prepared for future natural disasters.
The winter storm that hit Austin, Texas in 2023 was a devastating event that caused significant damage to the city, including widespread tree damage. The storm was caused by a combination of severe cold weather, heavy snow and ice accumulation, and a lack of preparation on the part of the city. The aftermath of the storm was a massive effort to clear the streets and parks of fallen trees and debris and to repair damaged power lines. The city of Austin has since taken steps to prevent similar damage from occurring in the future, including a comprehensive tree maintenance program and education for residents about proper tree care.


text:
What Is the Life Expectancy Method?
The life expectancy method is a way of calculating individual retirement account (IRA) distribution payments by dividing the balance or total value of a retirement account by the policyholder's anticipated length of life. The life expectancy method is the most straightforward method of calculating required minimum distributions (RMDs) for retirement accounts by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS).
RMDs are required distributions that must be withdrawn from certain retirement accounts once the owner reaches age 72. Please note that the IRS has suspended RMDs for retirement accounts, including IRAs and 401(k)s for 2020.
- The life expectancy method is the primary way of figuring out your RMD amounts.
- RMDs are required distributions that must be withdrawn from certain retirement accounts once the owner reaches age 72. (Note that RMDs were suspended for 2020.)
- The life expectancy method takes into account your actuarial life expectancy and the starting account balance.
Understanding the Life Expectancy Method
The life expectancy method is used to calculate RMDs from traditional IRAs or qualified retirement accounts, such as 401(k) plans. The minimum withdrawal amounts must be taken from these accounts starting at age 72.
This method uses IRS life expectancy factors along with the value of your IRA in the year of distribution before that year's withdrawal. This is, therefore, a variable method, and if your IRA value increases or decreases, the year's distribution amount will increase or decrease accordingly. This is also the case when it comes to your life expectancy.
IRS actuarial tables help determine the life expectancy of the owner or the joint life expectancies of the owner and a beneficiary.
Types of Life Expectancy Methods
There are two types of life expectancy methods: the term-certain method and the recalculation method.
In the term-certain method, distribution or withdrawal from the retirement account is based on your life expectancy at the time of the first withdrawal. With each following year, the account is steadily depleted as life expectancy reduces by one year. The retirement account will eventually be empty once you reach your life-expectancy age. Thus, some people may completely run through their funds if they outlive their life expectancy.
To offset the risk of outliving annuity payments, some choose the recalculation method, which differs from the term-certain method by recalculating your life expectancy every year. In this case, you are withdrawing as little as possible from your account. However, if your beneficiary dies prematurely, you would have to refigure withdrawals based on your life expectancy alone.
Example of the Life Expectancy Method
Let's look at the case of a 54-year-old single woman who chooses the term-certain method of life expectancy withdrawals. In this scenario, if the woman wants to begin receiving IRA distributions in 2021, she must first calculate the total account value as of Dec. 31, 2020, as well as her life expectancy according to IRS Publication 590 Appendix C. If the account value were $100,000 and her life expectancy is 30.5 years, the amount she can receive in distributions each year is $3,278.69.
The following year, the now 55-year-old would again take note of the account balance on Dec. 31 and divide the amount by 29.6, her new life expectancy. Essentially, the older she becomes, the shorter her life expectancy becomes, although this relationship is not linear.


text:
A hierarchical production planning structure enables manufacturing systems to handle customer disturbances with different measures on different planning levels. Two different kinds of customer order behavior can be observed and are as well discussed in literature. In the first, being forecast-evolutionbehavior, customers provide a forecast quantity for a specific due date for a long horizon in advance and update their forecast quantities periodically. In the second, being customer-required-lead-time-behavior, customers demand stochastic order amounts with a customer-required-lead-time whereby the manufacturing company generates an aggregated forecast, e.g. for product groups. These required lead times are usually shorter than the forecast-evolution-horizon, but order quantities do not further change. For comparing the influence of both order behaviors on a hierarchical production planning system, a simulation study is performed in which logistic performance measures such as service-level, utilization, capacity-, inventoryand tardiness-costs are analyzed with respect to a normalized forecast quality measure.
Figure 1: Hierarchical Production Planning approach


nLab
zero object
Zero objects
Definition
Definition
In a category, an object is called a zero object, or null object if it is both an initial object and a terminal object.
A category with a zero object is sometimes called a pointed category.
Remark
This means that 0𝒞0 \in \mathcal{C} is a zero object precisely if for every other object AA there is a unique morphism A0A \to 0 to the zero object as well as a unique morphism 0A0 \to A from the zero object.
Remark
There is also a notion of zero object in algebra which does not always coincide with the category-theoretic terminology. For example the zero ring {0}\{0\} is not an initial object in the category of unital rings (this is instead the integers \mathbb{Z}); but it is the terminal object. However, the zero ring is the zero object in the category of nonunital rings (although it happens to be unital).
Examples
Proposition
Proposition
In any category CC enriched over the category of pointed sets (Set *,)(Set_*, \wedge) with tensor product the smash product, any object that is either initial or terminal is automatically both and hence a zero object.
Proof
Write *Set ** \in Set_* for the singleton pointed set. Suppose tt is terminal. Then C(x,t)=*C(x,t) = * for all xx and so in particular C(t,t)=*C(t,t) = * and hence the identity? morphism on tt is the basepoint in the pointed hom-set. By the axioms of a category, every morphism f:txf : t \to x is equal to the composite
f:tIdtfx. f : t \stackrel{Id}{\to} t \stackrel{f}{\to} x \,.
By the axioms of an (Set *,)(Set_*, \wedge)-enriched category, since Id tId_{t} is the basepoint in C(t,t)C(t,t), also this composite is the basepoint in C(t,x)C(t,x) and is hence the zero morphism. So C(t,x)=*C(t,x) = * for all xx and therefore tt is also an initial object.
Analogously from assuming tt to be initial it follows that it is also terminal.
Remark
This is a special case of an absolute limit.
Remark
Categories enriched in (Set *,)(Set_*, \wedge) include in particular Ab-enriched categories. So any additive category, hence every abelian category has a zero object.
Properties
Proposition
A category has a zero object precisely if it has an initial object \emptyset and a terminal object ** and the unique morphism *\emptyset \to * is an isomorphism.
Remark
In a category with a zero object 0, there is always a canonical morphism from any object AA to any other object BB called the zero morphism, given by the composite A0BA\to 0 \to B.
Thus, such a category becomes enriched over the category of pointed sets, a partial converse to prop 2.
Revised on June 19, 2013 00:15:18 by Urs Schreiber (82.169.65.155)


Focused Review for
The Multistate Pharmacy Jurisprudence Examination
MPJE – Massachusetts
-MPJE® preparation resources must accurately reflect its specific jurisdiction. Exam Master's pharmacy law expert and pharmacy law review panel ensure that practice questions are accurate for each specific state. All test questions have references and citations for verification, review, and further study. Each MPJE® practice exam is mapped to the NABP MPJE® exam blueprint for content coverage to mimic the exam.
Getting the Federal Law Right
Exam Master's MPJE® practice exam covers state law and federal law. Individual states can narrow or modify the scope of federal requirements in some cases, so Exam Master ensures that federal law is covered in the context of that specific state.
Detailed Scoring Feedback
Each practice exam provides detailed scoring feedback so candidates can identify strengths and weaknesses and cover critical knowledge gaps.
Understanding the MPJE® Competencies and Study Tips
Succeeding on the MPJE® is about more than memorization. As a bonus we provide a list of the MPJE® competencies & study tips to help you study and pass your MPJE® exam
The Multistate Pharmacy Jurisprudence Examination (MPJE) is a must-pass required exam for all pharmacists needing licensure to practice in a specific U.S. state. While there are common content areas for the MPJE among all states, each state has its own unique exam covering that individual state's specific pharmacy laws and regulations.
At Exam Master, working with pharmacy law experts, we take the time to review and understand each state's individual pharmacy laws and regulations and, most importantly, how each state applies Federal drug laws to that state. Our 120-Question MPJE practice exam for Massachusetts is designed to cover all key pharmacy laws and regulations unique to the state of Massachusetts ensuring that you pass the MPJE exam on the very first try.
Exam Master's proven methodology for success on the MPJE:
1) Provides thorough content coverage & weighting organized just like the actual MPJE exam.
2) Provides detailed scoring feedback to identify critical weaknesses
3) Provides a thorough explanation for each question, including why incorrect answer choices are wrong, along with references.
Thorough Coverage of Massachusetts Pharmacy Law
We take the time to thoroughly review and understand Massachusetts pharmacy law and develop a test plan to cover all key competencies. By using Exam Master's MPJE resources, you won't miss key topics including expanded Federal Drug Laws as applied in Massachusetts.
Includes these important Pharmacy Practice Topics
 - Legal Responsibilities
 - Acquisition and Distribution of Pharmaceutical Products
 - Issuance of Prescription Drug Orders
 - Procedures for Proper Dispensing
 - Patient Counseling
 - Dispensing of non-prescription products
 - Record Keeping
 - Operational Requirements
Quickly Identify What You Know and Don't Know
The Exam Master system has always focused organizing test questions just like the actual board exam with detailed topics, subjects and categories. This way, when you take one of our MPJE State specific practice tests, your score results are meaningful and similar to what you'll find on your actual State specific MPJE exam.
Focused Study Saves Time
The detailed scoring feedback will help you to quickly identify those areas within the MPJE competencies needing further review or study. With the Exam Master system, you can quickly review just those questions answered incorrectly needing review or questions not answered at all.
Detailed References Make The Difference
Our MPJE resources feature both detailed explanations as well as references to actual individual State's statutes and regulations (for most questions) as well as corresponding federal laws and regulations. This is a tremendous asset to help you thoroughly review and master the material associated with your individual State's specific MPJE exam.
Special Features To Help Improve Learning
With the Exam Master system, you'll find special features to improve your study experience: the ability to mark test items for further review, the ability to highlight and strike out text and the ability to add notes to test questions for later review.
User Dashboard
Exam Master Online provides individualized user accounts, exam and scoring histories and more. The dashboard organizes this information in an easy-to-read format so you can dive right in after logging on!
Create Exams
The heart of Exam Master Online is its ability to help students create highly individualized exams from question banks written by medical professionals. Students can take comprehensive practice exams or create exams that focus on specific subjects.
Practice Exams
Exam Master's board preparation resources feature high quality question banks and specially curated practice exams. These exams are designed to simulate the actual board exam in content and structure. Students receive detailed scoring feedback to identify weak areas for further review.
Test Mode
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Study Mode
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File cache
This section provides information on the file cache.
General information
The file cache enables you to upload a file to Cypress once and then obtain a path to the file multiple times via a specified MD5 hash.
The file cache is required to run operations. When users run tasks, this uploads an executable and all its dependencies.
Using Python, for instance, requires loading a large number of modules and dynamic link libraries. To avoid loading identical files multiple times, you only need to read them into the cache and request the path to these files in Cypress using an MD5 hash for any subsequent runs.
Computing an MD5 hash for uploaded files
To request an MD5 hash computation for an uploaded file, send compute_md5=True to the write_file command.
There are some constraints:
 1. When using append, you cannot request an MD5 computation unless there was a previous write to the file with an MD5 computation.
 2. A computed MD5 hash is reset if there is a call to the concatenate command and its output is written to the relevant file.
API commands
For working with the file cache, there are the put_file_to_cache and the get_file_from_cache commands.


Qml Compiler
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Latest commit fe9d6a3 Mar 5, 2017
README.md
Qml Compiler
The Qml Compiler can be used to convert Qml source code files into precompiled Qml files. The precompiled Qml files are faster to load and do not expose the source code. Normally, the Qt either compiles the Qml files in the startup or interprets the Qml files runtime.
The Qml uses the JIT compiler shipped with Qt to create precompiled files. It works thus in same way, as Qt when it is using JIT. Only that the JIT compilation step is performed already when the program launches. The loader is used to load precompiled files and link them into the Qml Engine.
The compiler is created by creating a new version of the Qml compilation framework, that is builtin in the Qt. The class QQmlTypeCompiler, that is the core class handling the compilation, is taken as a base for the compiler. Some of its dependencies are exported on the Qt, some of the dependencies are rewritten, due to need for modifications.
The compiler, loader and examples are all based on Qt source code. They are licensed under LGPL 2.1 (with Digia Qt LGPL exception 1.1) or BSD license. See source code files for license. Collectively this component can be used under terms of LGPL 2.1 with Digia Qt LGPL exception 1.1. See LICENSE.LGPL and LGPL_EXCEPTION.txt for details.
Please read the whole document from top to bottom to get a good overview of how things work.
Working architectures
 - X86(32/64 bit)
 - ARM Thumb2
Building the Qml Compiler/Loader
Introduction
At the moment to use the compiler one has to build it first. For this one first need to build the qt source distribution with the qtdeclarative directory changed. After that qmlc can be build.
When the building is completed one can compile Qml and Javascript files with the compiler and load and run with the compiled files.
Build requirements
Tested with Ubuntu 13.10 but will probably work fine with any Linux.
Building
Building Qt and QtDeclarative
 - Download Qt source package,
wget _URL_
 - Extract the archive and enter directory,
tar zxvf qt-everywhere-opensource-src-5.3.1.tar.gz
cd qt-everywhere-opensource-src-5.3.1/
 - Move QtWebkit things so it excluded from the build process. It takes very long to build, prone to errors and we don't need it:
mkdir bak
mv qtwebkit bak
mv qtwebkit-examples bak
 - Replace qtdeclarative directory,
mv qtdeclarative bak
git clone _URL_
 - Configure and build
./configure -developer-build -nomake tests -debug -opensource -confirm-license
make # use makes -j.. option for faster builds
Building qmlc
While still in the qt-everywhere-opensource-src-5.3.1 directory
 - Clone
git clone _URL_
 - Build
cd qmlc
source qmlc.env
qmake
make
Compiling and loading qml/js files
 - In order to use the compiler to compile qml/js files always source the qmlc.env of a compiled qmlc package.
source qmlc.env
Compiling and loading single qml/js files
 - Use qmc to compile qml/js files. A .qmc/.jsc file with the same name will be created. For example if test.qml have no dependencies on other qml/js files or c++ plugins.
qmc test.qml
 - Use qmcloader from the tools directory to load(run) the compiled qml file.
qmcloader test.qmc
Compiling more complex projects
When compiling a qml/js file which have imports and elements to other qml/js/c++ plugins all those have to be available during compiling just like if one were going to run the qml/js as normal through qmlscene or one's program.
One can look at the source and build files of tests/manual/multipleitems/ to see how to handle projects with multiple files, c++ plugins etc. via a .pri file.
For example with two qml files A.qml and B.qml in the same directory. A uses B but B doesn't use A. Both have to be compiled to be loaded. The order that one compiles them doesn't matter, only that the raw qml is available.
qmc A.qml
qmc B.qml
qmcloader A.qmc
If one is importing and using a c++ plugin extension that contains qml/js those have to be compiled first and the resulting .so, qmldir and qml/js files has to be available just as when those dependencies are installed.
For example with A.qml having an 'import Plugin 2.0' import with Plugin containing qml/js, there has to be a Plugin directory with the .so and a qmldir file as usual. Then the following should succeed.
# Plugin directory contains at least qmldir, libplugin.so. If not using the
# resource system qml/js files have to be there as well.
qmc A.qml
To run/load an application that uses a plugin that contains qml/js one needs to add a qmldir_loader file to the plugins directory that is similar to the qmldir file with the qml/js extensions replaces with qmc/js. Note if a plugin doesn't contain qml/js it doesn't need any changes in order to be used from compiled files.
# Plugin directory contains at least qmldir_loader, libplugin.so and qmc/jsc
# files. All other qml/js it depends on has to be available as compiled
# qmc/jsc files.
qmcloader A.qmc
Using the compiler from qmake
This explains how to change existing applications or plugins to use the compiler.
There is a qmlc.pri file in qmlc that can be included in .pro files to facilitate application and plugin extension qmlc/qmc building. It has comments at the top explaining possible variables one can set.
In tests/manual/multipleitems/ there is a plugin and an application that uses it that can be checked for example usage.
The application in tests/manual/multipleitems/ depends on the c++ plugin in tests/manual/multipleitems/plugin so we build the plugin first with tests/manual/multipleitems/plugin/plugin.pro
Plugin
Example tests/manual/multipleitems/plugin/plugin.pro.
Basic steps are,
 - Make a copy of qmldir and name it qmldir_loader and in it change qml/js extensions to qmc/jsc extensions. This is used by the loader program to load the qmc/jsc files. Check for example the difference between tests/manual/multipleitems/plugin/qmldir and tests/manual/multipleitems/plugin/qmldir_loader.
 - If one were already building an uncompiled version of the plugin one might have a file like tests/manual/multipleitems/plugin/plugin.pro up to the 'qmc start' comment. To compile the qml/js files in of the plugin one would add something like between the 'qmc start' and 'qmc end' comments.
Application
For an existing application with a tests/manual/multipleitems/main.cpp that contains the main() entry pint and a tests/manual/multipleitems/app.pro file to build the application.
 - Create a main_loader.cpp file, it would be very similar to tests/manual/multipleitems/main_loader.cpp except the headers and qRegister.. calls will be different for different applications and loader.loadComponent will have the applications root qml file as argument.
 - We create a new .pro file that has the same content as the uncompiled programs .pro file with changes so the loader gets build. We also add QMLC_.. variables and include qmlc.pri to compile it's qml/js. See, tests/manual/multipleitems/app.pro and tests/manual/multipleitems/app_compiled.pro.
Developing the compiler and loader further
 - In order to work on the compiler after it was build one has to source the qmlc.env file that setup the paths.
source qmlc.env
 - There


text:
Background and objective: In contrast to the well-described effects of tobacco smoking upon pulmonary emphysema, with approximately 15% of smokers being affected at the age of 65 years, the effects of marijuana smoking are rarely reported and poorly understood.
Methods: We report a series of 10 patients (mean age 41 +/- 9 years, eight male, two female), who presented over a period of 12 months to our respiratory unit with new respiratory symptoms, and who admitted to regular chronic marijuana smoking (>1 year continuously). Symptoms on presentation were dyspnoea (n = 4), pneumothorax (n = 4) and chest infection (n = 2).
Results: High-resolution CT revealed asymmetrical, variably sized, emphysematous bullae in the upper and mid zones. However, the CXR was normal in four patients and lung function was normal in five.
Conclusions: Marijuana smoking leads to asymmetrical bullous disease, often in the setting of normal CXR and lung function. In subjects who smoke marijuana, these pathological changes occur at a younger age (approximately 20 years earlier) than in tobacco smokers.


text:
Legendary Food Brands and Their Typefaces
The McDonald's 'golden arches' logo that has become such an iconic global emblem was originally devised to reference the distinctive architecture of the early restaurants, the most recognizable feature of the growing fast food empire in the 1960s. This design history examines 23 enduring food products, including Heinz ketchup, Campbell's soup, Coca Cola and Oxo, and traces how the illustrative and typographic styles of their brand identities have developed over the years.
Designing Modern Britain
Cheryl Buckley's history of British design culture examines how design and society have interacted from the end of the 19th century to the beginning of the 21st, and explores the connected themes of modernity and identity. Among the issues discussed are the spread of international modernism in Britain, the rise of eco-conscious design, the role of galleries and retailers, the celebrity designer and the influence of the heritage industry.


text:
The Sordones were an ancient (Pre-Roman) people of the Iberian peninsula (the Roman Hispania). They are believed to be of Iberian language. Their territory was located in the Roussillon, in what is now the French département of Pyrénées-Orientales and was limited in the west by the Pyrenees. They are classified as ancient Iberian or as ancient Gauls according to the sources.
The main towns of the Sordones were Ruscino, present-day Château-Roussillon near Perpignan, and Illiberis, present day Elne.
||Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sordones.


text:
For the maps that you create to be interactive, you must add map objects to the maps.
What you should know
- Map objects are graphical representations of Security Center entities or geographical features, such as cities, highways, rivers, and so on, on your maps. With map objects, you can interact with your system without leaving your map.
- If you are creating a map that shares cameras or other entities with another map, you can copy and paste the entities and their configurations from one map to another.
- From the Config Tool home page, open the Map designer task.
Select a recent map or click Browse all maps to open an
The selected map fills the Map designer workspace.
Do one of the following:
- Add an access control unit.
- Add an area.
- Add a door.
- Add a reader.
- Add a camera.
- Add a camera sequence.
- Add a layout.
- Add a parking zone.
- Add a fixed ALPR camera.
- Add an alarm.
- Add an intrusion detection area.
- Adding an intrusion detection unit and its related entities.
- Add a zone.
- Add an input pin.
- Add an output relay.
- Add a KML object.
- Add a macro.
- Add a point of interest.
View and test your map objects in Security Desk with the Maps task.


ReferenceTuple
class ReferenceTuple(prefix: str, identifier: str)[source]
Bases: NamedTuple
A pair of a prefix (corresponding to a semantic space) and a local unique identifier in that semantic space.
This class derives from the "named tuple" which means that it acts like a tuple in most senses - it can be hashed and unpacked like most other tuples. Underneath, it has a C implementation and is very efficient.
A reference tuple can be constructed two ways:
>>> ReferenceTuple("chebi", "1234")
ReferenceTuple(prefix='chebi', identifier='1234')
>>> ReferenceTuple.from_curie("chebi:1234")
ReferenceTuple(prefix='chebi', identifier='1234')
A reference tuple can be formatted as a CURIE string with the curie attribute
>>> ReferenceTuple.from_curie("chebi:1234").curie
'chebi:1234'
Reference tuples can be sliced like regular 2-tuples
>>> t = ReferenceTuple.from_curie("chebi:1234")
>>> t[0]
'chebi'
>>> t[1]
'1234'
Similarly, reference tuples can be unpacked like regular 2-tuples
>>> prefix, identifier = ReferenceTuple.from_curie("chebi:1234")
>>> prefix
'chebi'
>>> identifier
'1234'
Because they are named tuples, reference tuples can be accessed with attributes
>>> t = ReferenceTuple.from_curie("chebi:1234")
>>> t.prefix
'chebi'
>>> t.identifier
'1234'
Create new instance of ReferenceTuple(prefix, identifier)
Attributes Summary
curie
Get the reference as a CURIE string.
identifier
Alias for field number 1
prefix
Alias for field number 0
Methods Summary
from_curie(curie[, sep])
Parse a CURIE string and populate a reference tuple.
Attributes Documentation
curie
Get the reference as a CURIE string.
Returns:
A string representation of a compact URI (CURIE).
>>> ReferenceTuple("chebi", "1234").curie
'chebi:1234'
identifier: str
Alias for field number 1
prefix: str
Alias for field number 0
Methods Documentation
classmethod from_curie(curie: str, sep: str = ':') ReferenceTuple[source]
Parse a CURIE string and populate a reference tuple.
Parameters:
 - curie – A string representation of a compact URI (CURIE)
 - sep – The separator
Returns:
A reference tuple
>>> ReferenceTuple.from_curie("chebi:1234")
ReferenceTuple(prefix='chebi', identifier='1234')


text:
Lee Kyouhong: Breathing of Light
Soluna Fine Art is delighted to present Breathing of Light, the first solo exhibition of the Korean glass artist Lee Kyouhong in Hong Kong. Within the exhibition Soluna Fine Art will present seven new mixed-media works highlighting Lee's current practice and exploration of the material and metaphorical qualities of glass.
In this latest series, Lee has created works that explore the materiality and phenomenological metamorphosis of glass to examine the concept of '정중동' '靜中動' (movements in stillness). Titled, Breathing of Light, these works predominantly work with a base layer of flat painted mirror and laminated glass primarily utilising red, yellow and blue, with three dimensional wedges of glass arranged irregularly on the surface. This compositional form confers Lee's perception of harmonic beauty in a chaotic situation, and visually describes his search for balance in life. The thematic juxtaposition of harmony in chaos is furthered by the contrast in textures of the glass elements. In this regard, despite the rough configuration of the wedges, they lie upon the flat surface like droplets of water making no physical indentation or impression on its serenity.
2019年4月27日 - 2019年5月22日
開放時間: 10:00 - 18:00 (二至日)/ 10:00 - 16:00 (六）


text:
Self-advocacy and cancer: a concept analysis
Version of Record online: 24 JAN 2013
© 2013 Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Journal of Advanced Nursing
Volume 69, Issue 10, pages 2348–2359, October 2013
How to Cite
2013) Self-advocacy and cancer: a concept analysis. Journal of Advanced Nursing 69(10), 2348–2359. doi: 10.1111/jan.12084& (
- Issue online: 13 SEP 2013
- Version of Record online: 24 JAN 2013
- Manuscript Accepted: 15 DEC 2012
- National Institute of Nursing Research. Grant Numbers: T32 NR011972, R01 NR010735
- cancer survivorship;
- concept analysis;
To report an analysis of the concept of self-advocacy among individuals with cancer to clarify its meaning, to differentiate this meaning with related concepts, and to unify understanding of the concept in cancer research and practice.
Cancer survivors are increasingly required to assume an active role in their health care. A thorough analysis of how survivors advocate for themselves is a crucial aspect in supporting survivors' ability to engage and manage their care throughout all stages of cancer survivorship.
Walker and Avant's eight-step process of conducting a concept analysis was used.
PubMed, PsycINFO, and CINAHL databases were searched for articles, reviews, editorials, and grey literature directly addressing self-advocacy.
A broad inquiry into the literature from 1960 to 2012 that produces a definition of self-advocacy. Model and contrary cases of self-advocacy demonstrate the concept's application and intricacies.
Antecedents to self-advocacy include particular personal characteristics, learned skills, and attainable support. The essential element of self-advocacy and what differentiates it from related concepts, is the internalization of these antecedent resources into self-advocacy thoughts and actions while incorporating personal values and priorities in a way that upholds the survivors' goals and beliefs. A full realization of self-advocacy facilitates a cancer survivor attaining a strong self-concept, sense of control, and adaptation to a life with cancer.
Self-advocacy is a process of internalizing skills and resources to act in a way that supports survivors' needs and goals.