text:
Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:
|Title:||Principals' Management of Lowest Stream (Normal Technical) Students in Singapore Secondary Schools|
|Authors:||Ong, Chye Hin|
|Presented at:||University of Leicester|
|Abstract:||This thesis investigates how principals in neighbourhood secondary schools in Singapore manage their lowest stream, the Normal Technical (NT) students, in their schools. The study was guided by three research questions: (1) What are principals' perceptions of streaming as a way of organising students in secondary schools?; (2) What perceptions and expectations are held by principals in neighbourhood secondary schools regarding NT students?; and (3) Do the principals' perceptions and expectations of NT students influence their school management with regards to streaming and the provision of opportunities for curricular and co-curricular programmes? The aim of the study and the research questions made the use of the interpretivist paradigm and qualitative research methods most appropriate. The study also adopted a symbolic interactionist perspective, realising that people make sense of their lives and experiences through interaction with others around them. The study exemplifies the methods proposed by grounded theorists (Glaser, 1992; Strauss & Corbin, 1990). Participants were principals of neighbourhood secondary schools. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews and documents over a period of approximately 36 months. Through the series of interviews a picture emerged of principals' management approaches of their NT students. The grounded theory that emerged – the theory of 'selective engagement' – comprises a threefold typology of principals and three categories. The three categories are respectively: (1) Paradigms; (2) Conceptions; and (3) Management. The theory proposes that principals can be classified as 'realists/pragmatists', 'innovators/improvisers' and 'nurturers' according to the extent they selectively engage their students in the eight management areas: (1)Streaming/Lateral Movement; (2) Monitoring; (3) Deployment of Resources; (4) Subject Offerings; (5) Enrichment Programmes; (6) Managing Discipline; (7) Leadership Opportunities; and (8) Treatment of Students. The study shows how participants manage their NT students selectively in answer to the third research question. This gives rise to three discernible patterns of responses forming the basis of the threefold typology.|
|Rights:||© The Author, 2008.|
|Appears in Collections:||Theses, School of Education|
Items in LRA are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise indicated.


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CLI Quickstart
This Quickstart example will walk you through selecting and ordering ARD imagery using the ARD Python CLI.
Step 1: Install tools
The CLI tools are part of the Python SDK package. To install the SDK requires having Python installed as well as the Python package installer pip. Windows users please see the main page for details about installing some of the dependencies.
% pip install max-ard --extra-index-url _URL_
The SDK uses the Boto3 package to access S3 resources. You will need to have correctly configured AWS credentials for the SDK to communicate with S3. We recommend installing the AWS CLI tools and following their configuration guide.
Step 2: Get Access
The ARD Python CLI manages access tokens for you. You will need to provide your username and password via a configuration file or with environment variables.
Configuration File
You can store your login information locally in a configuration file. The CLI can create this file for you by running:
max-ard login
You can also create a file in your home directory named .ard-config with the following contents:
[ard]
user_name = <your user name>
user_password = <your password>
You can check whether you can access the ARD system with the following command:
% max-ard login
Step 3: Create a Destination
To create the destination you must have correctly configured AWS credentials.
You can manually create your bucket and set access via the AWS Console or CLI tools, or with the Python SDK (described in the API and SDK quickstart sections respectively).
The ARD Python CLI also has tools to create and configure a bucket.
% max-ard storage init <new bucket name>
The same command will also add access to an existing bucket:
% max-ard storage init <existing bucket-name>
Step 4: Select ARD Tiles
If you already know the acquisition IDs you'd like to order, you can skip down to Step 5. But please come back and read this section!
The ARD Select system provides searching and selection for ARD data. In the past you would have had to search for image strips that looked promising, then write code to winnow the selection down. The ARD Select system has already precomputed tile level metadata and can apply that data to an AOI. It will then pick the best tiles to fit your requirements.
Defining a Select
To limit the scope of a Select, it needs to either be limited to a list of acquisition IDs, or restricted to a geographic area. For this example we'll look at imagery over Albuquerque, New Mexico, so we'll use a bounding box of (-106.8, 35.1, -106.4, 35.4).
We'll also restrict the images to those collected between the dates of 2020-07-01 and 2021-01-25, which we can represent as two ISO datetimes separated by a slash: 2020-07-01T00:00:00Z/2021-01-25T00:00:00Z.
In addition to the spatial and temporal restrictions, the Select system lets you filter imagery on other metadata fields such as cloud cover. For this example we'll add a filter to only return image tiles that are more than 95% cloud free. The CLI has a shortcut for this filter in the --min-cloud-free option. By passing --min-cloud-free 95 we can tell the Select system to only pick tiles that are 95% cloud free or better.
Similarly, we'd also like to receive tiles are mostly full of data. Tiles that are on an edge of a strip will contain nodata pixels, and we don't want to manage images that are mostly empty. We can set the --min-data option to control this. We'll pass --min-data 75 to require all tiles be 75% full of data.
The select system also lets you write query statements against image metadata fields. The two shortcut options described above work in lieu of setting filters on the metadata fields aoi:cloud_free_percentage and aoi:data_percentage. For an example of setting a filter, we restrict the selection to imagery captured by the Worldview 2 satellite. This filter looks like --filter platform eq worldview-02, where eq means equals (=). You can filter on any field by passing --filter <field> <operator> <value>. To see all the fields and operators supported by the system, see the API reference.
We'll also specify the stack_depth, which limits how many tiles in each cell are returned. By default, the system will return up to 5 file tiles per cell. We'll limit it to 3 tiles with the --stack-depth 3 option.
The Select system picks the tiles by scoring them and returns the best scoring tiles. The score is calculated based on the recency, with newer images favored over older ones, and how they compare to any filters that compare numerical values ( >, >=, <, <=)
For this example, when we set the cloud-free percentage to 95 (or aoi:cloud_free_percentage >= 95), the Select system will score acquisitions better the greater their cloud-free percentage is. This means that an image with a cloud-free percentage of 100 will score better on this metric than an image that is 96% cloud free. An image with 72% cloud free coverage does not satisfy the filter and is rejected.
Running a Select
Combining all these requirements into one command looks like:
% max-ard select submit \
 --bbox -106.8 35.1 -106.4 35.4 \
 --datetime '2020-07-01T00:00:00Z/2021-01-25T00:00:00Z' \
 --min-cloud-free 95 \
 --min-data 75 \
 --filter platform eq worldview-02 \
 --stack-depth 3
When run, you will likely see these results in about 10 seconds:
Select <id> has been submitted
Run 'max-ard select status <id>' to check the status
When the status is "SUCCEEDED" you can:
Run 'max-ard select describe <id>' to see a basic overview of the results
Run 'max-ard select browse <id>' to launch a browser-based map view of the results
Run 'max-ard select' to see all the 'order' commands
This will return a Select ID. We can then check if the Select is complete:
% max-ard select status <id>
RUNNING
For some Select queries the system can generate an answer fast enough to give you an answer in less than 10 seconds, so you'll get a message like:
Select <id> has completed
Run 'max-ard select describe <id>' to see a basic overview of the results
Run 'max-ard select browse <id>' to launch a browser-based map view of the results
Run 'max-ard select' to see all the 'select' commands
We can look at the results of the finished Select:
% max-ard select describe <id>
This generates an output like:
Getting Select ID 5742048259984049082...
*******************
Request details:
{ 'bbox': [-106.8, 35.1, -106.4, 35.4],
 'datetime': '2020-07-01T00:00:00Z/2021-01-25T00:00:00Z',
 'query': { 'aoi:cloud_free_percentage': {'gte': 95.0},
 'aoi:data_percentage': {'gte': 75.0},
 'instruments': {'not-contains': 'SWIR'},
 'platform': {'eq': 'worldview-02'},
 'view:sun_elevation': {'gte': 5}},
 'stack_depth': 3}
*******************
53 tiles identified in the following 5 acquisitions:
10300100B3841C00 (2021-01-16) - 6 tiles
10300100B2B49700 (2021-01-16) - 14 tiles
10300100AB101A00 (2020-07-24) - 17 tiles
10300100B39ACD00 (2021-01-16) - 10 tiles
10300100A67D3100 (2020-07-10) - 6 tiles
Ordering this selection will use:
- 0.0 sqkm of fresh imagery
- 1313.0 sqkm of standard imagery
- 0.0 sqkm of training imagery
To export the Select as geojson you can use the --dest <filename>.geojson option
% max-ard select describe <id> --dest my_select.geojson
An example file my_select.geojson is included in the examples section of the docs.
To see the results in map browser:
% max-ard select browse <id>
An example map browser file called select-browse


text:
LEGAZPI CITY—A gentle eruption of the Philippines's most active volcano that has forced nearly 18,000 people to flee to emergency shelters could last for months and create a protracted crisis, officials said Wednesday.
President Ferdinand Marcos Jr. flew to northeastern Albay province to reassure villagers who were forced to evacuate from mostly poor farming communities within a 6-kilometer (3.7-mile) radius of the Mayon volcano's crater since volcanic activity spiked last week.
Marcos distributed food packs and other aid to displaced villagers, and was expected to meet Albay town mayors later Wednesday to discuss the unfolding crisis.
The eruption is the latest natural calamity to test the administration of Marcos, who took office in June 2022 in a Southeast Asian nation regarded as one of the most disaster-prone in the world. About 20 typhoons and storms a year lash the Philippines, and the poor archipelago with 23 active volcanoes wrestles with frequent earthquakes.
"Unfortunately, the Philippines falls victim not only to volcano explosions, but of course to typhoons and earthquakes. We are in that part of the world where we are vulnerable," Marcos told the United Arab Emirates' ambassador to Manila on Tuesday after the Arabian Peninsula nation provided 50 tons of food and other aid. "We are hoping that the activity of the volcano will start to calm, but we cannot say that for sure."
The volcano's activity was raised to alert level three on a five-step warning system on June 8, meaning a hazardous eruption was considered possible in weeks or days.
After days of showing signs of renewed restiveness, including a swarm of rockfalls and a bright-orange crater glow visible at night, Mayon began expelling lava Sunday night. The lava flowed slowly down its southeastern slope, government experts said.
Authorities enforced a mandatory evacuation of tens of thousands of villagers living within a permanent danger zone around the volcano. The zone is supposed to be off-limits to people but has become the site of farming villages of mostly impoverished residents that have thrived for generations.
Albay's governor extended the danger zone by a kilometer (more than half a mile) on Monday after Mayon began expelling red-hot lava. He asked more residents to be ready to move anytime if the volcanic activity picked up.
"It's a very gentle eruption and hopefully, it will stay that way," Teresito Bacolcol, director of the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology, told The Associated Press.
The volcano could spew lava gently for as long as three months or more, as it has done in the past, without generating a violent and life-threatening explosion, Bacolcol said, warning people not to let their guards down.
A tame but prolonged eruption would mean the large number of displaced villagers would have to stay away from their homes and in emergency shelters where they receive food packs, drinking water and other government-provided basic necessities.
"It's a very difficult situation," Daraga Mayor Carlwyn Baldo said. About 2,900 residents of his town have fled to evacuation shelters, including school buildings that would need to cleared of evacuees before classes resume in August and September.
"We can't allow anybody to return home even if there's just a crater glow. It's dangerous. The volcano may suddenly erupt violently and put people in danger," Baldo told the AP, adding he was considering setting up tents for the displaced now taking shelter in school buildings.
His rural Albay province town of 140,000 people could not afford the huge cost of providing food aid and other necessities to the evacuees without national government assistance, Baldo said.
Unhindered by clouds, Mayon appeared calm Wednesday. Bacolcol, the seismology institute director, said lava continued to flow slowly down its slopes but could not be seen easily under the bright sun.
The 2,462-meter (8,077-foot) volcano is a top tourist draw in the Philippines because of its picturesque conical shape but is the most active of the country's 24 known volcanoes. It last erupted violently in 2018, displacing tens of thousands. An 1814 eruption buried entire villages and left more than 1,000 people dead.
Image credits: AP/Aaron Favila

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text: The water and energy security issue is a big challenge and problem for sustainable development in China. In this study, we take the largest coal energy producing region in China as the research area, to analyze the impacts of future climatic changes and human activity on water resources in Shanxi's energy base (main energy producing region) has been investigated base on the Coupled Land surface and Hydrology Model System (CLHMS) using three different IPCC AR5 emission scenarios (RCP2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5). Comparing with the current national policy, the supporting capacity of water resources in mid-21st Century on the energy bases development was discussed. It's showed that Shanxi's energy bases water demand will continue to grow, the competitiveness of the development and utilization of water resources in the area will be further intensified. This research also proved the basis for the development scale of energy bases in the future.


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Definition of Genus Enterolobium
1. Noun. Small genus of tropical American timber trees closely allied to genus Albizia.
Generic synonyms: Rosid Dicot Genus
Group relationships: Mimosoideae, Subfamily Mimosoideae
Member holonyms: Conacaste, Elephant's Ear, Enterolobium Cyclocarpa
Genus Enterolobium Pictures
Click the following link to bring up a new window with an automated collection of images related to the term: Genus Enterolobium Images
Lexicographical Neighbors of Genus Enterolobium
Literary usage of Genus Enterolobium
Below you will find example usage of this term as found in modern and/or classical literature:
1. The Geology of the Corocoro Copper District of Bolivia by Joseph Theophilus Singewald, Edward Wilber Berry (1922)
"... zone of the eastern slopes, but so far as I know none occur in or west of the Cordillera Real or eastern Andes. genus Enterolobium..."
Other Resources Relating to: Genus Enterolobium

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


What Makes Accelerate Different?
What separates Accelerate from other book summary programs?
The First Difference: Our Book Summary Philosophy.
There are TWO principles that shape our book summaries and make this program unique:
#1: The Insight Principle
 "Books don't change people, paragraphs do and sometimes sentences. They may lodge themselves so powerfully in our mind that its effect is enormous when all else is forgotten." – John Piper
You may forget a book's page numbers, but you'll never forget its' worldview-shaping insights.
Accelerateidentifies these paragraphs and sentences. After spending hours analyzing a book, our team extracts the key insights and then strategically presents them in a way that is easy to grasp. More than summarizing books chapter-by-chapter, we focus on maximizing reader comprehension and retention.
#2: The 20% Principle
"80% of a book's main insights are found in 20% of the pages. So without apology, I ransack books for what I can get in the little time I have in this season of life." – David Mathis
In other words, while most of a book's pages exist to illustrate and solidify a handful of main ideas, these main ideas reside within 20% of the pages. Accelerate book summaries give you access to this 20%, allowing you to quickly grasp the book.
The Second Difference: Focus on Reader Comprehension
While we're proud of the many features that are unique to Accelerate, the second main difference is our focus on reader comprehension. Rather than simply summarizing books chapter-by-chapter, our goal is to present a book's key insights in a memorable and accessible way. Our book briefs are designed intentionally to maximize learning and retention.
Additionally, knowing that we're all wired to learn differently, next year (2019) we plan to introduce accompanying audio mp3s and infographics for every book brief. We're pretty excited about that :)
Still feeling stuck? Contact Us Contact Us


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Q: What is the purpose of the Randall Road corridor project?
A: Randall Road is severely congested, has inconsistent access to businesses, and lacks pedestrian/bicycle access prompting safety and accident concerns. The project improvements address these issues and will enhance the efficiency of the corridor.
Q: What factors went into determining the best design?
A: A myriad of different options were evaluated during the early engineering process. At the Randall Road / Algonquin Road intersection, options evaluated even included a grade-separated interchange. For the project overall, traffic operation, safety, right-of-way needs, economic impacts, accesses to businesses, future maintenance costs as well as actual construction costs were factors used to develop the final plan.
Q: What specifically is happening at the Randall and Algonquin intersection?
A: The improved intersection will include additional traffic lanes and left turn lanes, as well as right turn lanes. At the intersection with Algonquin Road, Randall Road will have four through lanes in each direction, double left turn lanes, and a right turn lane in each direction. Algonquin Road will remain two through lanes in each direction while the left turns will be increased to three turn lanes in both directions, as well as a right turn lanes.
Q: How long will construction take?
A: Construction is expected to start in August 2018 and will continue until June 30, 2021. The bulk of the major construction will take place in 2019 and 2020. During this time two lanes in each direction will be maintained, with some lane closures occurring mostly in the pre-stage work in 2018. Depending on the weather, the contractor will be allowed to work through the winter months if they choose. Please see the estimated schedule of work HERE.
Q: How much is the project going to cost?
A: Plote Construction, Inc. of Hoffman Estates, IL recently submitted the low bid for the construction at $45,891,418.73.
Q: How will the improvements be funded?
A: There are two general funding sources being utilized for this project. Federal funds have been secured for 58% of the costs and County funding will account for the remaining 42%.
Q: Will this project increase my property taxes?
A: No. Funding for this project will be using 58% federal funds and 42% County funds. The County funds being used are based on current funding sources.
Q: Will access to local businesses within the project limits change?
A: DURING CONSTRUCTION: Access will be provided to all properties during construction. There will be times that some driveways will be temporarily closed while construction activities are in front of those driveways. Advance coordination before these closures will be made with business and the public to alert drivers to these temporary changes. This project website will contain updated information and project email updates will be provided to anyone who chooses to sign up for information. Sign up HERE
AFTER CONSTRUCTION: The only driveways that are being closed are for the former Bank of America site in the northeast corner of the Randall Road/Algonquin Road intersection; however, a new access drive is being created for that property to the frontage road system adjacent to the former Dominick's property. The driveway modifications are to enhance the safety and mobility of the traveling public. While some driveways will be modified, the project design will accommodate access to and from all businesses.
Q: Will access for pedestrians/non-motorized users be maintained?
A: Access will be maintained during construction, there are planned detours for pedestrians to avoid work areas. Signage and temporary access will be placed and maintained to allow continued use of current crossings.
Q: What new features will be included in the reconstruction?
- Traffic signals and street lighting will be more energy efficient with the use of LED fixtures. Upgraded control systems will regulate the timing of the signals and the lighting providing greater efficiency and safety.
- A new multi-use path is being installed along the east side of Randall Road and the south side of Algonquin Road to allow safe use and travel of the area by pedestrians and other non-motorized users. A 5' wide sidewalk will be installed along the west side of Randall Road and the north side of Algonquin Road, again increasing the access and safety for pedestrians in the area. Designated crosswalks will be installed at side street intersections as well as the following crossings of Randall Road: @Harnish Drive, @Bunker Hill/Huntington, @ Algonquin Road and @Polaris Drive/Acorn Lane.
- A new multi-use path from the Sherman Road and Bunker Hill Drive intersection will be constructed along Sherman Road continuing 700' south and then turn east to connect with the new pedestrian underpass that will be installed under Randall Road. This underpass/trail will continue east until it connects with Stonegate Road. Along this path will be a boardwalk structure to allow use of the path over a wetland area that contains water for much of the year.
- Retaining walls will be constructed along both sides of Randall Road south of Bunker Hill/Huntington Drive to support the widened roadway section. These walls will be founded on a timber (wood) piling foundation, and will incorporate the culvert for the passage of Rat Creek under Randall Road.
- Both intersections (Stonegate and the Costco/AMC Commercial access) will have new traffic signals. To make sure Randall Road still operates efficiently, the movements allowed will be left from Randall and turning right onto Randall.
Q: Will the new traffic signals be synchronized in a way to maximize traffic flow?
A: The traffic signals along Randall Road from Harnish to Miller (intersection to the north of Polaris/Acorn) will be interconnected to allow them to "talk" and maximize traffic flows. This same system will be in place on Algonquin Road from Harvest Gate to Crystal Lake Road. The new interconnection should allow for smoother travels through the area.
Q: How can I get more info?
A: Receive more info by signing up for regular updates and periodically visiting this website. Sign up for updates HERE.


text:
Proving?R² Using Chains, a Ruler, and Sixty Seconds
In this brief video, Minute Physics shows a visual proof demonstrating why?R² gets you the area of a circle. By using various lengths of chain laid into a circular shape, you can make a triangle from the circle -- and from there it's a hop, skip, and a trigonometry jump to proof of your circle's area. Check it:
As Minute Physics explains in the YouTube video description, this video is based on a paper by Russell Jay Hendel of Dowling College: Proof Without Words: Area of a Disk is?R² (PDF link).


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10th Canadian Field Hospital
The third Canadian contingent was the only one to take a field hospital with it to South Africa. The 10th Canadian Field Hospital (10 CFH), which departed Canada in January 1902, was quite small, numbering only 61 all ranks and 29 horses. It was organized into a hospital staff of five officers, a ward section of 35 other ranks, and a transport section of 21 other ranks to pick up and transport the wounded. The hospital was based on British practice with Canadian innovations, including improved tenting, ambulances, water trailers, and an acetylene gas lighting system. Many among the members of 10 CFH were veterans of previous tours in South Africa.
In South Africa a section of the unit accompanied the 2nd Regiment, Canadian Mounted Rifles into the western Transvaal. The remainder moved to Vaalbank, 60 kilometres away on the Lichtenberg blockhouse line. Here it received sick and wounded from the columns operating in the area. This section of 10 CFH remained at Vaalbank until 18 June 1902 during which time it treated over a thousand patients, British, Boer and Black South African. 10 CFH ambulances evacuated patients for longer-term care to Klerksdorp. By all accounts, the 10th Canadian Field Hospital provided outstanding medical services during its stint in South Africa.


text:
Skip to Main Content
Providing power from the central office to telephone apparatus is used in copper-based systems to achieve high availability, low cost, and low electricity power consumption. It is feasible to power the telephone at customer premises optically by sending optical power over the optical fiber connection. Very-low-power-consumption optical communications systems such as interferometer-based systems must be used. The power consumption of a standard telephone apparatus in its different states is analyzed, and a simple mathematical model is developed and used to calculate the power required to operate the telephone for different durations of different states. Optical power levels transmitted over optical fiber are limited by nonlinear effects and safety standards. The mathematical model is used to compare the power consumption, electricity cost, and carbon footprint of a telephone system over copper twisted pair, GPON, and interferometric systems. Current standard GPON and EPON equipment cannot be powered over optical fiber, and must use battery backup. An interferometric system can consume less power than a copper-based system, depending on the optical source's electrical-to-optical conversion efficiency, the photovoltaic cells' optical to electrical conversion efficiency, and Call and Ringing durations. Low-cost telephone service with 24/7 availability over optical fiber provides the infrastructure to offer broadband and HDTV exploiting the more than 30,000 GHz capacity of the optical fiber.


text:
Social environmental influences on the development of fighting behavior in male mice were studied with respect to two types of factors: the necessary conspecific interactions; and the critical age of such interactions. Males housed with females fought as much as isolated males, but males housed with males or with a group of males and females fought much less, indicating that the lack of male-male interactions causes the increased "isolation-induced" fighting in the test situation. Males isolated or housed with females for 1 mo showed similar fighting tendencies whether the isolation occurred during the second month of age or during the third month of age. This suggests that the early juvenile age is not the critical point in development of fighting, rather that isolation from other males can increase fighting of male mice at juvenile as well as at adult ages.
ASJC Scopus subject areas


text:
NEW RECORD OF BRACHYDISTOMUM MICROSCELIS (YAMAGUTI, 1933) (TREMATODA, DICROCOELIIDAE) FROM HOUSE SPARROWPASSER DOMESTICUS BIBLICUS HARTERT, 1904 IN BAGHDAD, IRAQ
Keywords:Brachydistomum, Digenia, Gall bladder, House sparrow, Passer, Trematoda.
A total of 30 specimens of house sparrow Passer domesticus biblicus Hartert, 1904 (15 females and 15 males) were collected from gardens of some houses in Baghdad city; all birds were dissected to identify the parasites in vesicle, gizzard, intestine, gall bladder and caecum. One species of trematodes Brachydistomum microscelis (Yamaguti, 1933) was found in the gall bladder and two species of cestodes Anonchotaenia globata (von Linstow, 1879) and Raillietina tetragona (Molin, 1858) were found in the small intestine of house sparrow. Morphologic and morphometric measurements were considered.
The genus Brachydistomum Travassos, 1944 is being recorded for the first time in Iraq in the gall bladder of house sparrow, as it was not previously recorded from birds in Iraq.


text:
Definitions of pray
n. & v. - See Pry. 2
v. i. - To make request with earnestness or zeal, as for something desired; to make entreaty or supplication; to offer prayer to a deity or divine being as a religious act; specifically, to address the Supreme Being with adoration, confession, supplication, and thanksgiving. 2
v. t. - To address earnest request to; to supplicate; to entreat; to implore; to beseech. 2
v. t. - To ask earnestly for; to seek to obtain by supplication; to entreat for. 2
v. t. - To effect or accomplish by praying; as, to pray a soul out of purgatory. 2
The word "pray" uses 4 letters: A P R Y.
No direct anagrams for pray found in this word list.
Words formed by adding one letter before or after pray (in bold), or to apry in any order:
d - pardy e - apery payer repay g - grapy h - harpy n - pyran o - payor r - parry s - prays raspy spray t - party
List shorter words within pray, sorted by length
All words formed from pray by changing one letter
Browse words starting with pray by next letter


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Guatemala's Ancient Deer Dance of the Gods (Video)
Mayan dances hold a significant place in Guatemalan history and religion, with the ancient ritual of the deer dance playing a particularly pivotal role. Celebrated on the Feast of Corpus Christi, a major Catholic holiday observed on May 31st across Central and South American countries, the deer dance is a tradition filled with ritual. In Guatemala, particularly in the village of Patzún, locals come together to perform this dance, a tradition that extends far back into history.
The deer dance is a representation of a deer hunt, intending to illustrate the coexistence of humans and other animals in nature throughout history. For over 20 years, Juan Yool Gómez has been participating in this dance, embodying the age-old tradition that transcends time. The deer dance forms a bridge between the past and the present, celebrating the rich cultural heritage of Guatemala and keeping the ancient Mayan traditions alive.
- New Discovery Suggests That Maya Elites Danced Wearing As Much As 25 Pounds of Jade Jewelry
- How Many Maya Gods Were Worshipped? Hint: There Were Hundreds!
Top image: Deer Dance, Mexico. (Public Domain)


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\ˈalfəsə͡l], \ˈalfəsəl], \ˈa_l_f_ə_s_əl]\
Definitions of ALPHACEL
Sort: Oldest first
A polysaccharide with glucose units linked as in CELLOBIOSE. It is the chief constituent of plant fibers, cotton being the purest natural form of the substance. As a raw material, it forms the basis for many derivatives used in chromatography, ion exchange materials, explosives manufacturing, and pharmaceutical preparations.
By DataStellar Co., Ltd


text:
Dec. 5, 2012 Carp stored in large tubs at Czech Christmas markets align themselves in the north-south direction, suggesting they possess a previously unknown capacity to perceive geomagnetic fields, according to a new study published December 5 in the open access journal PLOS ONE, led Hynek Burda from the University of Life Sciences (Prague), Czech Republic and colleagues from other institutions.
The authors photographed and analyzed the positions of fish in the traditional Czech Christmas market, where carp are stored live in large tubs prior to being sold for the holiday feast.
Their study included over 14,000 fish in 25 markets, and the majority of these fish were found to align themselves along the north-south axis. The fish were accustomed to human onlookers, and street lights and other potential disturbances seemed to have no effect on the orientation of the fish.
In the absence of other common stimuli for orientation like light, sound or the flow of water, the authors suggest that the fish most likely align themselves to geomagnetic cues.
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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by Public Library of Science.
- Vlastimil Hart, Tomáš Kušta, Pavel Němec, Veronika Bláhová, Miloš Ježek, Petra Nováková, Sabine Begall, Jaroslav Červený, Vladimír Hanzal, Erich Pascal Malkemper, Kamil Štípek, Christiane Vole, Hynek Burda. Magnetic Alignment in Carps: Evidence from the Czech Christmas Fish Market. PLoS ONE, 2012; 7 (12): e51100 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone._PHONE_
Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.


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Instructions for Certified Information Security Manager-CISM Practice Test 5
This page show the instructions for Certified Information Security Manager-CISM Practice Test 5. Please read it carefully before attempting the test.
Number of Questions:
The test has 20 questions for practice
Type of Questions:
This test format is multiple choices. Each question has 4 to 10 options.
- The passing score does not mean that you must answer 80 percent of the questions correctly in order to pass the exam. The actual percentage varies from exam to exam and may be more or less than 80 percent.
- If a question specifies that you must choose multiple correct answers, you must choose the exact number of correct answers specified in the question in order to earn a point for that item.
- Attempt all questions since there are no penalties for guessing. No points are deducted for incorrect answers.
- You must answer each question before proceeding to the next question.
- If you leave the test midway through your session, you cannot resume it where you left off by returning to this page.
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This practice test is included in CISM Certification Prep course. Following are all practice tests available in this course:
This course includes practice tests and articles, but it does not cover every exam question. Only the ISACA exam team has access to the exam questions for CISM exam, and ISACA regularly adds new questions to the exam, making it impossible to cover specific questions. You should consider this course a supplement to your relevant real-world experience

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What is Automotive Borescope and How to used it?
Automotive endoscope function and testing procedures
What is an Automotive Borescope?
Car borescope is actually one type of industrial endoscopes. Simply speaking, they are instruments that detect and view the internal parts of a car. Generally speaking, many auto repair shops and 4S shops now use this instrument, because, during the maintenance, some of the more secret parts of the car are more difficult to observe with the naked eye, so it is necessary to monitor the inside by means of the instrument. For example, the carbon deposit of the engine and the dirty case of the air conditioner are useful for both inspection and repair.
car borescope-use-in-automotive-8
Automotive videoscope is designed specifically for the automotive manufacturing and maintenance industries. It is mainly used for detecting and diagnosing the wear, carbon deposits, blockages, etc. of automobile engines, cylinders, fuel pipes, engines, mufflers, conveyor systems, differentials, water tanks, fuel tanks, gearboxes, etc., which greatly reduces the repair time and cost. It also avoids damage caused by multiple disassembly and assembly of the machine. It also greatly demonstrates its positive effects on the cleaning and maintenance of car engines.
borescope use in automotive
The automotive endoscope test procedure
1. We need to understand the internal structure of the car, check the specific content and location, and follow the procedures to expand the relevant link instruments and check the power supply.
2. Select the appropriate probe to enter the internal components of the vehicle to be tested. Before the test, it should be clear that obstacles, burrs, etc. in the channel may hinder and inspect the object of the probe.
Care should be taken during the inspection process to ensure that the probe reaches the specified part smoothly. If the probe encounters obvious resistance during the propulsion process, it should stop moving forward immediately. The probe should be slow when it exists. If it is stuck, it should not be pulled hard to avoid damage to the workpiece or probe.
The captured image can be photographed and recorded during the detection process, which is convenient for later processing and analysis.
After the test is completed, the probe should be cleaned and the instrument site cleaned as required.
Articulating-Borescope-use-in-automotive
The feature of yateks articulating automotive borescope
1. Simple, flexible, compact and easy to carry, the soft, small and flexible insertion tube can reach any hidden parts that need to be inspected.
2, intuitive and accurate and easy to implement, and can detect the damage of internal components as early as possible, greatly facilitating the exclusion of safety hazards in the germination stage.
3. The compactness, portability, and mobility of the instrument itself can reduce the work intensity and improve work efficiency.
4. The repair cost is reduced, and the damage caused by multiple disassembly and assembly of the machine parts is avoided.
Use of car endoscopes
Automotive borescopes are mainly used to inspect automobile manufacturing and maintenance, precision machining, petrochemical, military manufacturing, small apertures in small equipment, internal conditions of small gaps, wear of mechanical gear parts, looseness, and quality inspection of grease pump.
N-series-Digital-Borescope-Inspection-Camera
Application of Industrial Endoscope in Automobile Inspection and Repair
Industrial endoscopes are new high-tech products designed and produced according to the inspection requirements of the inner surfaces of straight pipes such as petrochemicals, industrial machinery, electrical and electronic industries, and aerospace. Industrial endoscopes are also widely used in the automobile production and maintenance industry.
In the cleaning and maintenance of car engines, car endoscopes are also a good helper. The diagnosis of valve carbon deposits has always been a problem in the automotive repair industry. Generally speaking, there are two diagnostic methods in professional repair shops.
1. Traditional disassembly method
That is, take the engine apart and check if there is a carbon deposit. This is intuitive but time-consuming and laborious, and no matter what components are disassembled once, it will affect its performance more or less, reducing its service life.
2, Car endoscopy
Remove the spark plug or the injector and use an endoscope to observe the degree of carbon deposits on the valve. The main feature is that the formation and combustion process of the mixture in the combustion chamber and the working state of the cylinder, the gas valve and the piston crown at high temperature can be observed under the working condition of the engine, and the above image is identified by the crank angle by a high-speed camera. Record it. At the same time, it can be connected to a computer and can be called, slow-released, partially enlarged and interpreted at a certain time by means of corresponding image processing software. This visualization technique is not only a good assistant for automotive design and development but also a tool for automotive technical training and teaching.
Articulating automotive borescope have been widely recognized by users in the auto repair industry, and its simple and flexible operation is an indispensable test and diagnostic tool in the auto repair industry.
Yateks Optoelectronic Industrial Endoscope integrates light, electricity, and image. N series video industrial endoscope is equipped with a high-resolution color image, which makes the image clearer, allowing the operator to use high-definition color images to observe the suspected points and faults. The part uses a unique image software processing system to freeze, enlarge, and analyze, greatly improving the accuracy of determining the fault location of the car.
1, piston and spark plug carbon check
The carbon deposit check can be judged by "disintegration", that is, disassembling the car engine or observing the feedback voltage change, but these two methods have higher professional requirements, and using the car endoscope to check the car engine, it can pass the spark plug hole or spray The nozzle can directly observe various faults inside the cylinder.
To inspect the piston and spark plug carbon
B-series-Portable-Industrial-Borescope-6 B-series-Portable-Industrial-Borescope-7
2, the inner wall of the exhaust pipe
Checking the real shot of the exhaust pipe, it is obvious that there is a slight welding hole in the exhaust pipe wall.
3, Auto parts testing
It is obvious that there is a tiny welding hole in the exhaust pipe wall.
Detect whether there are cracks, pigmentation, etc. inside the auto parts. The measured hole is bent. The minimum diameter is 4MM, which cannot be directly observed.
P-series-automotive-endoscope-used-in-auto-parts-inspection
4, Automotive casting inspection
In the inspection of automobile castings, it is mainly to check the internal impurities and trachoma of the product.
Automotive casting inspection
5, Engine cylinder
Engine cylinder
6, engine exhaust catalytic converter detection Figure 6 is Yatai Optoelectronics HIE high-definition video endoscope in the Dongfeng Automotive Technology Center to detect the exhaust catalytic converter
7, cylinder head detection
The foundry inspects the cylinder head of the cylinder for internal flaw detection to determine whether it is qualified.
borescope-use-in-automobile-engine-aluminum-cylinder-head
In addition, automotive endoscopes can also be used in gearbox inspection, water tank, fuel tank inspection, fuel injection hole detection, etc.
Therefore, the automotive borescope is not only an artifact for car owners to understand the condition of the car, but also a new generation of maintenance tools for non-destructive testing of vehicles in the field of vehicle maintenance.
Articulating car borescope for sale
B-series Automotive Borescope
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text:
Abstract. Knowledge bases have become ubiquitous assets in today's Web. They provide access to billions of statements about real-world entities derived from governmental, institutional, product-oriented, bibliographic, bio-chemical, and many other domain-oriented and general-purpose datasets. The sheer amount of statements that can be retrieved for a given entity calls for ranking techniques that return the most salient, i.e., globally relevant, statements as top results.
In this paper we analyze and compare various strategies for assigning global relevance scores to DBpedia facts with the goal to derive the best one among these strategies. Some of these strategies build on complementary aspects such as frequency and inverse document frequency, yet others combine structural information about the underlying knowledge graph with Webbased co-occurrence statistics for entity pairs. A user evaluation of the discussed approaches has been conducted on the popular DBpedia knowledge base with statistics derived from an indexed version of the ClueWeb09 corpus.
The created dataset can be seen as a strong baseline for comparing entity ranking strategies (especially, in terms of global relevance) and can be used as a building block for developing new ranking and mining techniques on linked data.


text:
Lets define edge-cycle in a graph $G$ as a path where the first and the last node are adjacent. (in contrast with the definition of cycle where first and last node are the same).
An edge-tree $T$ is a tree with the additional property that doesn't have an edge-cycle.
In a graph we can compute the number of spanning trees by using the Matrix-Tree theorem.
Is there any similar theorem for the computation of the number of edge-trees of a graph?


text:
Starting Monday, March 4 the North Texas Municipal Water District (NTMWD) begins the annual chlorine maintenance of Plano's water system. There has been quite a bit of conversation and news coverage about the topic, but there are still some who have questions.
First, all cities on the NTMWD water system undergo maintenance at the same time – see a map of member cities and customer cities.
During the maintenance period, which ends April 1, some customers may notice a slight change in the smell or taste of their water. If you do, try these tips:
This video explains the process and what you can do:
Normally, chloramines (a combination of chlorine and ammonia) are used to treat our water. However, for this maintenance, the level of chlorine remains the same but no ammonia is added. Chlorine prevents bacteria, parasites and viruses from growing in our drinking water. For added care, the NTMWD and the City of Plano test the water year-round and during the maintenance period.
Bottom line? You can drink the tap water – it's safe. For more information, visit _URL_ or _URL_.
NOTE: During this 28-day water system maintenance, you may see the City flushing hydrants.


text:
Definition of rebuttal in English:
1A refutation or contradiction.
- This order does not include costs relating to any rebuttal experiment the claimant may have performed which was not the subject of Dr Jones's evidence.
- It was not sufficient, by way of rebuttal of the perjury charge, to identify some other possible explanation for Mr Sage's evidence.
- The ease of publishing on the Net is such that if someone posts something obviously erroneous, someone else can easily post a rebuttal, refutation, or correction.
1.1 another term for rebutter.
- Judge Soedarto adjourned the next hearing to next Monday, when Antashari will reply to the rebuttals by the defendant's team of lawyers.
- After the defence rests, prosecutors will begin a rebuttal and Jackson's attorneys will then be given an opportunity to respond.
- The jury was expected to get the case sometime later the day, after the end of the plaintiff's argument and a rebuttal by the senior deputy district attorney.
Words that rhyme with rebuttalbuttle, cuttle, scuttle, shuttle, subtle, surrebuttal
What do you find interesting about this word or phrase?
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text:
Elite Guice 3: Private BindingsIn the first and second parts of this series, I discussed hooks for extending Guice. In this post I introduce private bindings.
Don't emulate Guice
The key to a good extension is tight integration with Guice. In particular, the extension shouldn't copy functionality from Guice; doing so can lead to subtle differences between the extension and Guice itself. The assisted inject extension reimplements constructor injection and that causes problems:
- Standard Guice can inject private constructors, but I forgot to do configure this in assistedinject.
- AOP doesn't work for assistedinject-created objects
These differences aren't dealbreakers, but they do make the extension harder to use, and they violate the principal of least surprise. A better assistedinject would have used Guice's constructor injection.
The Injector is just a bunch of bindings
In the Multibindings extension, we secretly create a binding for each element in the set. These bindings are implementation details of the extension, but they need to be bound in the shared injector.
We have to somehow create the bindings without a chance of conflicting with user-supplied bindings. If
Multibinderand the user both bound the same key, injector creation would fail.
Private Annotations to the rescue
The fix is to create a binding annotation type with a narrow scope, such as package scope. Other code won't have access to this annotation, and therefore we can be confident that only our extension can create bindings with this annotation.
In the Multibindings extension, there's a custom annotation called
_USER_'s secretly applied to all elements. Each annotation instance is given a unique ID to ensure that the hosting keys are distinct. Unless they're using a tool that interrogates the Injector, the users of
Multibindernever see these bindings. They're created internally and used internally. But they allow all of Guice's features to work naturally on the bound elements.
Implementing the annotation type is code-intensive, but there's thorough instructions that describe how equals, hashCode and even toString() should be implemented.
This technique is also used in InterceptingInjectorBuilder, in order to let InjectionController work its magic.


Tag Archives: hogan ring
Hogan Rings
Navajo Slab CorralFrom the mesa edge we saw, on a south-facing bench, two Navajo hogan rings and a stone corral, and climbed down to them.
They were old. No historical pottery scatter at all. One of the rings still carried the juniper cribbing of the roof, though it had fallen. In the desert juniper can endure for hundreds of years.
The hogan's door did not face east as is traditional, because the ring had been built against a sandstone slab; however, the north wall did appear to have been knocked out, customary ritual to release the spirit of a dead person.
The corral had been formed ingeniously by piling cedar to wall up the ends of a cleft formed when a fallen slab split in two.


text:
The effect of water on the mechanical properties of rocks, such as strength and Young's modulus, has been investigated in many studies. To understand the mechanism of the effect of water on the mechanical behavior of rocks, not only these mechanical properties but also the stress-strain curve, which is one of the most basic data showing the mechanical behavior, should be focused on, and the change of the stress-strain curve with the different water conditions is needed to be known. In this study, the effect of water saturation on the uniaxial compressive strength and the stress-strain curve of rocks was investigated. The uniaxial compression test with alternating loading rate was performed using Sanjome andesite, Tage tuff, Kimachi sandstone and Akiyoshi marble. Inada granite was used for the uniaxial compression test with constant loading rate. The tests were conducted under various water conditions: oven-dried, vacuum-dried, air-dried, air-dried for one day, immersed in water and watersaturated conditions. The test results showed that the stress-strain curve of the andesite, tuff, sandstone and granite changed with the water saturation. On the other hand, the effect of water saturation on the stress-strain curve of the marble was not observed. From the test results, the increase in strength due to decrease in water saturation was discussed. A shift of the peak strength point with the water condition change was investigated, and the relation between the stress-strain curves under the different water conditions was considered based on it.
Cerium-doped barium zirconate (Ce-doped BaZrO3) fine particles with high crystallinity was prepared by a hydrothermal reaction using barium hydroxide, CeCl3, and a Zr-triethanolamine complex. Characterization of the Ce-doped BaZrO3 particles revealed that utilization of the water-stable Zr-triethanolamine complex was an efficient way to introduce cerium ions into the BaZrO3 perovskite crystal structure. The three-way catalytic activity of the Ce-doped BaZrO3 for an exhaust gas conversion reaction was investigated under a stoichiometric condition (CO 0.5%, C3H6 400 ppm, NO 500 ppm, O2 0.49%, H2 0.17%, CO2 14%, H2O 10% in N2). The Ce-doped BaZrO3 exhibited a remarkable low temperature NOx cleaning performance when the Ce-doped BaZrO3 was applied as an alternative for an Al2O3 support.
Although blasting is a quite efficient and economical excavation method, it is rarely applied to tunnel projects close to residential areas due to its environmental impacts, especially with regard to vibration and noise. Two key controls used to mitigate the occurrence of noise and vibration due to blasting are the use of small instantaneous explosives charges and the use of precise delay times to initiate the blast design sequence. An advanced electronic detonator, which has its precision of 0.01% of designed delay time and has made it possible to achieve precise initiation control in blasting, was introduced and used in a tunnel construction site in Japan. Testing of the delay times during blasting was carried out, the test results revealed the specific features and performance of the detonator to control the blasting vibration especially within a short distance of the tunnel face. In previous studies, several ways of simulating blasting waveforms were used. One of these, the Monte Carlo method, in which the production wave was reproduced by superposing a single wave had the potential to give good predictions of the production waves that might occur. Therefore, in this study, a similar way of simulating production waves was carried out. Section peaks in the production waveforms correspond with the detonation of each blasthole. These section peaks were found to follow the Weibull distribution, even though the section peaks might be influenced by amount of explosives, drill alignment, and geological inhomogeneity etc. More detailed simulation with consideration of difference in travel time and the change of the Weibull parameters with distance gives further precise results compared with the real production waves. This study leads more precise method of predicting production waves and of optimum blasting design.
Industrial waste generated in the domestic paper industry in Japan was 5.1 million tons in 2015, and after reduction and recycling, 152 thousand tons of the waste was consequently disposed. Organic sludge (paper sludge), which occupies two-thirds of the industrial waste generated in the paper industry, is incinerated for the purpose of volume reduction and thermal recycling, and then it becomes paper sludge ash (PS ash). PS ash is recycled as aggregate, roadbed material in the civil engineering field and cement raw material, but it is necessary to further expand the application and reduce the final disposal amount. From the above background, in this research, the strength characteristics, the durability performance and the environmental impact of low carbon concrete produced by reducing cement usage to 45% by using PS ash as admixture in addition to fly ash and blast furnace slag fine powder, were investigated. Experimental results show that the low carbon concrete produced in this research has long term strength development, and that PS ash does not contribute to long term strength. Moreover, the clay mineral contained in the PS ash has an effect of reducing drying shrinkage by water retention and expansion. With respect to durability performance, neutralization is promoted by decreasing the total cement amount, while salt tolerance resistance is improved. Frost damage resistance tends to decrease. The elution amount of toxic substances is less than the soil environmental standard value.
2004 年5 月にホンタイ炭鉱で自然発火が発生して以降，ベトナムの四カ所の無煙炭炭鉱と一カ所の亜瀝青炭炭鉱で自然発火が続発している。これらに対処するため，筆者等は断熱環境下で石炭の酸化発熱試験ができる装置を使用して，各炭鉱の石炭試料について酸化発熱特性の試験を行っている。これらのデータについて実際に自然発火を発生している炭鉱の試料に注目してみると，150 ℃以下の低温領域の酸化反応速度が他の自然発火を発生していない炭鉱の石炭試料に比較して大きいことを見出した。即ち，低温域における石炭の酸化反応速度が自然発火の発生と深い関係があるという結論を得た。既存の自然発火性評価方法との比較も試みた。


GNU Mailutils Manual (split by node): Section: Chapter:FastBack: Programs Up: Reading Mail FastForward: Libraries Contents: Table of ContentsIndex: Function Index
3.5.5.7 Displaying Messages
print [msglist]
p [msglist]
type [msglist]
t [msglist]
Prints out the messages from msglist. The variable crt determines the minimum number of lines the body of the message must contain in order to be piped through pager command specified by environment variable PAGER. If crt is set to a numeric value, this value is taken as the minimum number of lines. Otherwise, if crt is set without a value then the height of the terminal screen is used to compute the threshold. The number of lines on screen is controlled by screen variable.
Print [msglist]
P [msglist]
Type [msglist]
T [msglist]
Like print but also prints out ignored header fields.
decode [msglist]
dec [msglist]
Print a multipart message. The decode command decodes and prints out specified message parts. E.g.
& decode 15[2]
+---------------------------------------
| Message=15[2]
| Type=message/delivery-status
| encoding=7bit
+---------------------------------------
Content-Type: message/delivery-status
...
top [msglist]
to [msglist]
Prints the top few lines of each message in msglist. The number of lines printed is controlled by the variable toplines and defaults to five.
pipe [msglist] [shell-command]
| [msglist] [shell-command]
Pipe the contents of specified messages through shell-command. If shell-command is empty but the string variable cmd is set, the value of this variable is used as a command name.
struct [msglist]
Prints the MIME structure of each message from msglist. Empty msglist means current message.
Example:
& struct 2
2 multipart/mixed 14k
2[1] text/plain 296
2[2] application/octet-stream 5k
2[3] text/x-diff 31k
GNU Mailutils Manual (split by node): Section: Chapter:FastBack: Programs Up: Reading Mail FastForward: Libraries Contents: Table of ContentsIndex: Function Index


text:
In 2013 Savaye and Mandisa created the Di Fthatani Project to help local people living in Townships in South Africa overcome hunger by teaching them a simple innovative farming method called tunnel farming. This method used people's basic knowledge of agriculture to plant fresh vegetables under a tunnel and allows them to grow in a controlled environment, using less water and space than a normal garden. The vegetables planted were carefully selected based on the vitamin and mineral deficiencies present within the community, such as vitamin A and zinc.
They also ran workshops on life skills, to teach the importance of individuality and self-awareness, basic financial skills, nutrition, and entrepreneurship. Today in each township Orlando – Soweto, Alexandra – Sandton, and in Tembisa – Midrand there are three thriving tunnel farms. The education received has enabled the people of those townships to feed and provide income to their local communities. Each tunnel has provided $5,000 to date. More importantly these tunnels are self-sustaining and run entirely by the communities.
Last updated: 25 June 2018


Home » Computer » MS Word MCQ » Which of the following can be used to divide a web page into areas?
Which of the following can be used to divide a web page into areas?
 MCQ Question: (Q.34)
Which of the following can be used to divide a web page into areas?
Options:
A. frames
B. theme
C. table of contents
D. none of the above
Correct Answer: Option A. frames
Take Part in Discussion:
Your email address will not be published.
Solve : *
18 ⁄ 9 =


text: A novel Zn2+-selective visible wavelength fluoroionophore (FluoZin-3, 9) was synthesized. The chelating portion of the molecule resembles known EGTA-based Ca2+-selective fluoroionophores, except that one of the N-acetic acid moieties has been deleted in 9. FluoZin-3 is virtually non-fluorescent in the absence of Zn2+, and exhibits a several hundred-fold fluorescence increase upon saturation with Zn2+( approximately 100 nM), with a Kd = 15 +/- 2 nM. A 1:1 binding stoichiometry of 9:Zn2+ was determined, and the fluorescence of the complex is pH-independent at pH > 6. FluoZin-3 was used to monitor Zn2+ that was co-secreted with insulin from pancreatic beta-cells by exocytosis following stimulation with glucose. The total Zn2+ concentration near the cells reached 600 nM, and Zn2+ was detectable at least 15 mum away from secreting cells. Heterogeneity in secretion among cells was indicated in that some cells in a cluster did not release Zn2+. Also, within secreting cells some regions of the cell membrane gave rise to secretion while others did not, suggesting active zones of secretion on the cell surface.


text:
Definition of topgallant in English:
noun(also topgallant mast)
1The section of a square-rigged sailing ship's mast immediately above the topmast.
- Then the topgallant masts and sail fell onto the forecastle, dragging in the water until cut free.
- The jibsails came down smoothly, then the topsails, until only the topgallants were still drawing.
- On the topgallant mast is the topgallant sail, on big vessels divided into two sails, like the topsail.
1.1 (also topgallant sail) A sail set on a topgallant mast.
- Above the upper topsails are the topgallant sails and above these, the royals and the skysails.
- On large ships, the topgallant sail sometimes comprises 2 separate sails for the same reason.
- In a short time the topgallant sails and mainsail were handed and preparations made to reef the fore topsail.
Definition of topgallant in:
- US English dictionary
What do you find interesting about this word or phrase?
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Definition of Metrorrhagia. Meaning of Metrorrhagia. Synonyms of Metrorrhagia
Definition of Metrorrhagia. Meaning of Metrorrhagia. Synonyms of Metrorrhagia
Here you will find one or more explanations in English for the word Metrorrhagia. Also in the bottom left of the page several parts of wikipedia pages related to the word Metrorrhagia and, of course, Metrorrhagia synonyms and on the right images related to the word Metrorrhagia.
Definition of Metrorrhagia
Metrorrhagia
Metrorrhagia Met'ror*rha"gi*a, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? womb + ? to break.] (Med.) Profuse bleeding from the womb, esp. such as does not occur at the menstrual period.
Meaning of Metrorrhagia from wikipedia
- Intermenstrual bleeding, previously known as metrorrhagia, is uterine bleeding at irregular intervals, particularly between the expected menstrual periods...
- disorder whose manifestations include irregular cycle lengths as well as metrorrhagia (****l bleeding between expected periods). Irregular cycles or irregular...
- cycle length of more than approximately eight days for a woman. The term metrorrhagia is often used for irregular menstruation that occurs between the expected...
- irregularly and more frequently than normal. It is thus a combination of metrorrhagia and menorrhagia. It occurs in up to 24% of women ages 40-55 years. It...
- pregnancy bleeding is usually handled like a gynecological hemorrhage. Metrorrhagia (metro = womb, -rrhagia = excessive flow) is uterine bleeding at irregular...
- Amenorrhoea Hypomenorrhea Oligomenorrhea pain Dysmenorrhea PMS timing Menometrorrhagia Menorrhagia Metrorrhagia Female infertility Recurrent miscarriage...
- prolonged periods, and up to 70% experience break-through bleeding (metrorrhagia). Irregular and prolonged bleeding is the most common reason that women...
- bleeding may refer to: Irregular menstruation, such as oligomenorrhea and metrorrhagia Breakthrough bleeding, uterine bleeding that occurs between menstrual...
- breakthrough bleeding is cl****ified as abnormal and thereby as a form of metrorrhagia, and sometimes it is cl****ified as not abnormal. In the context of hemophilia...
- Amenorrhoea Hypomenorrhea Oligomenorrhea pain Dysmenorrhea PMS timing Menometrorrhagia Menorrhagia Metrorrhagia Female infertility Recurrent miscarriage...
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TaxProf Blog
Editor: Paul L. Caron
Pepperdine University School of Law
Monday, September 23, 2013
Osofsky Presents Beyond 'Worst-First' Enforcement Today at Loyola-L.A.
Osofsky 2Leigh Osofsky (Miami) presents Beyond "Worst-First" Enforcement, Toward Better First Solutions at Loyola-L.A. today as part of its Tax Policy Colloquium Series:
When enforcement resources are limited, how should the scarce enforcement resources be allocated to maximize compliance with the law? The answer to this question is crucial in determining to what extent the law on the books translates to the law in practice. A dominant school of thought in the tax literature regarding the allocation of scarce enforcement resources suggests that they should be allocated based on a "worst-first" method, whereby the individuals likely to be most noncompliant are targeted. However, "worst-first" methods suffer some underappreciated weaknesses. While "worst-first" methods can encourage all individuals to increase compliance so as not to be deemed the "worst," they can also provide cover to engage in noncompliance that is perceived moderate for the relevant population. This dynamic can become most problematic in highly noncompliant populations. In such populations, existing, high levels of noncompliance, and underlying, structural causes of the high noncompliance can serve as a means of coordinating on mutual, high noncompliance. Moreover, on top of potential, operational difficulties, "worst-first" theories do not provide a comprehensive explanation for the group and project-based enforcement practices that are found in a number of actual enforcement settings. In response to these deficits in existing theory, I draw on work from across different disciplines to develop a new layer of analysis regarding the allocation of scarce tax enforcement resources. I suggest that, under certain conditions, deterrence can be enhanced by allocating scarce enforcement resources among a low-compliance population of taxpayers through a process I call microdeterrence. After setting forth the theoretical case for microdeterrence, I examine how it might apply in the cash business tax sector, a setting that presents particular challenges for "worst-first" methods. I conclude that certain aspects of the cash business tax sector suggest potential benefits from application of microdeterrence. More fundamentally, I suggest that moving beyond the dominant focus on "worst-first" methods may help improve compliance with the tax law.
Jonathan Kalinski (Office of Chief Counsel, IRS) is the commentator.
Colloquia, Scholarship, Tax | Permalink


Tamil Nadu Board of Secondary EducationHSC Science Class 11
Discuss how ripples are formed in still water. - Physics
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Answer in Brief
Discuss how ripples are formed in still water.
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Solution
 1. Suppose we drop a stone in a trough of still water, we can see a disturbance produced at the place where the stone strikes the water surface.
 2. We find that this disturbance spreads out (diverges out) in the form of concentric circles of ever-increasing radii (ripples) and strikes the boundary of the trough.
 3. This is because some of the kinetic energy of the stone is transmitted to the water molecules on the surface.
 4. Actually, the particles of the water (medium) themselves do not move outward with the disturbance.
 5. This can be observed by keeping a paper strip on the water surface. The strip moves up and down when the disturbance (wave) passes on the water surface.
 6. This shows that the water molecules only undergo vibratory motion about their mean positions.
Concept: Introduction to Waves
 Is there an error in this question or solution?
Chapter 11: Waves - Evaluation [Page 277]
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Tellurium Q Waveform™ hf Series Digital Black RCA Cable
New product
327,05 €
Available for immediate shipping.
Tellurium Q Waveform™ hf new Series Digital RCA Interconnect Black series, 1 meter lenght. ( different lenghts can always be requested contacting us).
The new "hf" design of Black Diamond Waveform is a great starting point compared to the original version and offers much more in terms of clarity to your system. Based on a similar performance profile even with a completely different construction structure than the award-winning waveform II, hf has now increased shielding and protection for the digital signal.
The Black Digital RCA boosts the speed of the edges of the digital signal giving you the fastest possible secure transmission of a digital signal allowing DACs to maintain an excellent lock at all times and reduce error from jitter and minimise dropout which gives the most accurate signal possible today.
Introduction to Tellurium Q Digital Cables
Just like all our cables the Digital RCA cables are hand built for performance in the UK. The idea that improving the digital signal path affects digital sound was frankly, laughable but is just now becoming more accepted as people hear the results. A digital signal is not just an immediate on or off, 1 or 0 as you would expect. Yes that is the way that the digital signal is read but to turn a signal on and off takes minute amounts of time and any inaccuracy in the signal path can affect this on / off information because it affects the rise time of the waveform and this is one factor that leads to errors.
We are so pleased with our research into this phenomenon that we have applied for a patent on the series called "Waveform". It that takes this to new levels in digital RCA/BNC. We recommend the use of BNC adaptors with this cable for BNC connection.
Hopefully this development underlines the wrong headed idea that a digital signal is either a 1 or 0 (on or off) which completely forgets how and why a digital signal works. It is not a magical switch that flips from one state to another instantaneously with no regard for the laws of physics, these "1s" and "0s" are electrical signals which are affected in many of the same ways that other signals can be affected.
The Tellurium Digital RCA has been designed differently from what you would expect. Many people think that a digital cable is just a digital cable but you may be surprised that this one really does make a difference in your system.
We are very proud of the performance of this versatile development.
 Audio products designed to combat phase distortion
Tellurium Q presentazione UK Designed Audio Cable - UK Manufactured Audio Cable
The first cables designed primarily to combat phase distortion.
Paul Rigby HiFi World August 2010
Hi Fi News (Feb 2010 edition)
What you don't get from us:
What you get from us:
The best performance for price that we can give you.
Tellurium Q at a glance
Tellurium Q® : The Range
Tellurium Q® : Our Focus
This is the definition of an electronic filter:
Source: National Semiconductor Corporation
Where Tellurium Q® Came From
How Tellurium Q® was born
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Tellurium Q Waveform™ hf Series Digital Black RCA Cable
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cavo digitale eccellente e ben al di sopra della media
Eccomi a recensire un altro gioiello della Tellurium ovvero un cavo che trasmette il segnale digitale in modo magistrale, senza blocchi e/o errori di temporizzazione. Il risultato è eccellente, in quanto il segnale trasmesso (del tutto privo di interferenze) si traduce in un suono analogico estremamente naturale e senza asprezze. Perfetto! Provate ad ascoltare qualche altro cavo digitale, anche di marche blasonate, e troverete sempre qualcosa che non va e di non equilibrato. Ascoltate Tellurium e troverete, invece, la perfezione. Sono costruttori di un altro livello, non v'è nulla da fare, per questo vincono una infinità di premi. Grazie sempre a Playstereo e al Sig. Ventura che ci rendono disponibili prodotto così meravigliosi.
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Metro has a multi-layered cache: you can set up multiple caches to be used by Metro instead of one. This has several advantages, on this page we will explain how the caches work.
Why Cache?
Caches give big performance benefits, they can increase the speed of a bundler with more than tenfold. However, many systems use a non-persistent cache. With Metro we have a more sophisticated way of caching with a layer system. For example, we can store the cache on a server. Because of this all bundlers connected to the same server can use the shared cache. As a result the initial build time for CI servers and local development become significantly lower.
We want to store caches in multiple places as to always have a cache to fallback to. That's why there is a multi-layered cache system.
Cache Fetching & Saving
There is an ordering mechanism to determine which cache to use. For retrieving a cache we go through the caches from top to bottom until we find a result, for saving a cache we do the same until we find a store that has the cache.
Let's say you have two cache stores: one on a server and one on your local file system. You would specify that in this way:
const config = {
cacheStores: [
new FileStore({/*opts*/}),
new NetworkStore({/*opts*/})
Metro will first look into the FileStore when we retrieve a cache. If it can't find the cache there it will check NetworkStore, and so on. Finally if there's no cache there it will generate a new cache itself. As soon as the cache has been generated, Metro will go again from top to bottom to store the cache in all stores. This also happens if a cache is found. For example, if Metro finds a cache in the NetworkStore it will store it in FileStore as well.


text:
North Vancouver, the 'Natural Place to Learn', provides an amazing natural setting between the ocean and the mountains where international students from around the world are welcomed into our community to live and study. Our twenty-six elementary and six secondary schools offer high quality education including comprehensive programs. English as a Second Language (ESL) is available at all schools as well as the International Baccalaureate Program (IB) at Carson Graham, and some Advance Placement Courses (AP) at designated schools. North Vancouver proudly offers the following: Culinary Arts Program (Carson Graham), Artists for Kids Studio Art Academy (Carson Graham), Digital Media Academy (Argyle), Soccer Academy (Windsor), and a Hockey Skills Academy (Windsor).
New Westminster School District is located in the historic city of New Westminster and has been offering international programs since 1987, which provide students with academic excellence, Canadian friendships, and the skills to succeed in the global community.
Mission is one of the most beautiful and diverse communities in B.C. It is one hour from Vancouver and is nestled between the Fraser River and mountains allowing for a variety of activities. Wonderful host families and excellent schools await students from around the world.
On the west coast of Canada 44 km from Vancouver lies Maple Ridge-Pitt Meadows and School District 42. Our region provides mild winters and warm dry summers. Students are immersed in Canadian classes and live with caring homestay families.
Langley provides excellent learning environment where students can enjoy both city and country lifestyles.
Students may pursue a variety of courses, including Long Term and Short Term programs. All International Students are integrated into the regular curriculum with ESL support and receive extra help from school staff to ensure a quality experience.


Teacher strike over academy row
Teachers at a school in Haringey are going on strike today, in protest against plans to turn it into an academy.
View all 2 updates ›
Anti-academy protest outside school
Teachers, who have gone on strike in protest against plans to turn their school into an academy, were joined by parents as they demonstrated outside the school today.
Up to 40 parents attended the protest at Downhills Primary in Haringey.
Sarah Williams, 40, who has two sons at the school, said:
"There is absolutely no evidence that a change in structure improves children's educational outcomes.
"When the process first started I thought it was about improving the school, but as we've got further along I've realised it's all about [Education Secretary] Micheal Gove's ideologies that the only way to improve is to introduce profit.
"If you look at the figures, this school was already improving, and there's absolutely no reason why the school can't continue to improve if left the way it is."
More top news


text:
Networks of philosophers, networks of composers
Randall Collins (University of Pennsylvania)
Networks are the actors on the stage of intellectual history– this was the program of The Sociology of Philosophies (Collins 1997). SP found that intergenerational networks of masters and pupils, plus horizontal networks of young compatriots launching their careers, shaped the creativity of philosophers and scientists. Collins' current project applies similar methods to musical composers in Europe from 1600 to 1930. Creative eminence clusters both across generations and in contemporary alliances and rivalries. Shifts in material and organizational bases re-organize the networks and generate new styles: for philosophers, these are the rise and fall of religions, schools and universities. For composers, shifts among church careers, elite patronage, commercial performances, and publishing music for amateurs; for the most modern developments, the rise of music academies. In the natural sciences, networks of laboratory equipment became cyborg genealogies (one research tool becoming modified or recombined with another), fostering the careers of the humans who interpreted their products. In music, genealogies of instruments became a cyborg network of instrument makers and composers that move the center of creativity and fame.


Dixie Patrick in the US
 1. #3,093,797 Dixie Moran
 2. #3,093,798 Dixie Neal
 3. #3,093,799 Dixie Parrish
 4. #3,093,800 Dixie Parsons
 5. #3,093,801 Dixie Patrick
 6. #3,093,802 Dixie Pennington
 7. #3,093,803 Dixie Phelps
 8. #3,093,804 Dixie Puckett
 9. #3,093,805 Dixie Roach
people in the U.S. have this name View Dixie Patrick on WhitePages Raquote
Meaning & Origins
Mainly U.S.: name chosen as symbolic of the American South. The nickname is of uncertain origin. It is said to be from the ten-dollar bills printed in New Orleans, named in the Cajun dialect from French dix 'ten'.
968th in the U.S.
Scottish and Irish: reduced Anglicized form of Gaelic Mac Phádraig 'son of Patrick', a personal name derived from Latin Patricius 'son of a noble father', 'member of the patrician class'. This was the name of a 5th-century Romano-Briton who became the apostle and patron saint of Ireland, and it was largely as a result of his fame that the personal name was so popular from the Middle Ages onward. In Ireland the surname is usually Scottish in origin, but it is also found as a shortened form of Mulpatrick and Fitzpatrick.
518th in the U.S.
Nicknames & variations
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text:
Visage Project for Physiognomy Data
About the Visage Project: Visage is a project to collect and
organize information about relatively permanent facial features. It
includes methods for storing, retrieving, and inspecting the data.
This information is collected from the writings of many authors and
scholars and is stored in a relational database. These sources
indicate connections between facial features and the person's inner or
hidden characteristics, such as personality or character, and even
more unlikely connections, such as to the person's destiny.
Physiognomy is a term that refers to the appearance of the face and
how it is interpreted. Visage is a database schema for representing
physiognomy and the interpretation of physiognomic signs.
A simple demonstration application shows
some of the ideas behind the Visage project. The demonstration finds
information about the meanings of facial features you select to
describe a face. This application retrieves information from the
database relevant to your description of physiognomy, including an estimation of the
accuracy of the sources of this information. You can decide for
yourself whether the meanings ascribed to the facial features make
sense or not.
You may find the information in Visage interesting and
entertaining, or useless and inaccurate. Visage makes only general
statements about the validity of the information, and provides the
interpretations people have claimed for facial features. It includes
information about the general level of soundness of the
The demonstration application shows the kinds of data that are
incorporated into the database. Physiognomy is related to a number of psychological and other
concepts that have not been structured into a database-compatible
format. Some of these concepts are listed
- Personality People have thought since ancient times that
the face reflects the personality of the individual. Personality
refers to enduring traits or characteristics of the person, not
merely to an ability to impress others. Both facial appearance and personality are products of biological inheritance and the
environment in which the person develops.
- Countenance Also, the database has information about the
countenance of the face. The face is viewed by others who find
meaning in it. The countenance of the face refers to visible
facial appearance and how other people interpret it. People
attribute meaning to faces intuitively, whether the interpretation is
correct or not. Visage tells you what interpretations other people
might make of the face you describe, and whether this interpretation
is likely to be correct.
- Contingencies The face could predict the person's fate or
destiny. Life is a continuous cycle of birth and death. People and
their faces are molded to fit this cycle.


xcol" value="4"/>
 <param name="ycol" value="2"/>
 </repeat>
 <output name="out_file1" file="cool.pdf" ftype="pdf" />
</test>
See the documentation on the repeat test directive.
An older way to specify repeats in a test is by instances that are created by referring to names with a special format: <repeat name>_<repeat index>|<param name>
<test>
 <param name="series_0|input" value="tabular1.tsv" ftype="tabular"/>
 <param name="series_0|xcol" value="1"/>
 <param name="series_0|ycol" value="2"/>
 <param name="series_1|input" value="tabular2.tsv" ftype="tabular"/>
 <param name="series_1|xcol" value="4"/>
 <param name="series_1|ycol" value="2"/>
 <output name="out_file1" file="cool.pdf" ftype="pdf" />
</test>
The test tool disambiguate_repeats.xml demonstrates both testing strategies.
Attributes
Attribute
Details
Required
name
Name for this element
True
title
The title of the repeat section, which will be displayed on the tool form.
True
min
The minimum number of repeat units.
False
max
The maximum number of repeat units.
False
default
The default number of repeat units.
False
help
Short help description for repeat element.
False
tool > inputs > conditional
This is a container for conditional parameters in the tool (must contain 'when' tag sets) - the command line (or portions thereof) are then wrapped in an if-else statement. A good example tool that demonstrates many conditional parameters is biom_convert.xml.
<conditional name="input_type">
 <param name="input_type_selector" type="select" label="Choose the source BIOM format">
 <option value="tsv" selected="true">Tabular File</option>
 <option value="biom">BIOM File</option>
 </param>
 <when value="tsv">
 <param name="input_table" type="data" format="tabular" label="Tabular File" argument="--input-fp"/>
 <param argument="--process-obs-metadata" type="select" label="Process metadata associated with observations when converting">
 <option value="" selected="true">Do Not process metadata</option>
 <option value="taxonomy">taxonomy</option>
 <option value="naive">naive</option>
 <option value="sc_separated">sc_separated</option>
 </param>
 </when>
 <when value="biom">
 <param name="input_table" type="data" format="biom1" label="Tabular File" argument="--input-fp"/>
 </when>
</conditional>
The first directive following the conditional is a param, this param must be of type select or boolean. Depending on the value a user selects for this "test" parameter - different UI elements will be shown. These different paths are described by the following the when blocks shown above.
The following Cheetah block demonstrates the use of the conditional shown above:
biom convert -i "${input_type.input_table}" -o "${output_table}"
#if str($input_type.input_type_selector) == "tsv":
 #if $input_type.process_obs_metadata:
 --process-obs-metadata "${input_type.process_obs_metadata}"
 #end if
#end if
Notice that the parameter input_table appears down both when clauses so ${input_type.input_table} appears unconditionally but we need to conditionally reference ${input_type.process_obs_metadata} with a Cheetah if statement.
A common use of the conditional wrapper is to select between reference data managed by the Galaxy admins (for instance via data managers ) and history files. A good example tool that demonstrates this is the Bowtie 2 wrapper.
<conditional name="reference_genome">
 <param name="source" type="select" label="Will you select a reference genome from your history or use a built-in index?" help="Built-ins were indexed using default options. See 'Indexes' section of help below">
 <option value="indexed">Use a built-in genome index</option>
 <option value="history">Use a genome from the history and build index</option>
 </param>
 <when value="indexed">
 <param name="index" type="select" label="Select reference genome" help="If your genome of interest is not listed, contact the Galaxy team">
 <options from_data_table="bowtie2_indexes">
 <filter type="sort_by" column="2"/>
 </options>
 <validator type="no_options" message="No indexes are available for the selected input dataset"/>
 </param>
 </when>
 <when value="history">
 <param name="own_file" type="data" format="fasta" label="Select reference genome" />
 </when>
</conditional>
The Bowtie 2 wrapper also demonstrates other conditional paths - such as choosing between paired inputs of single stranded inputs.
Attributes
Attribute
Details
Required
name
Name for this element
True
value_from
Infrequently used option to dynamically access Galaxy internals, this should be avoided. Galaxy method to execute.
False
value_ref
Infrequently used option to dynamically access Galaxy internals, this should be avoided. Referenced parameter to pass method.
False
value_ref_in_group
Infrequently used option to dynamically access Galaxy internals, this should be avoided. Is referenced parameter is the same group.
False
label
Human readable description for the conditional, unused in the Galaxy UI currently.
False
tool > inputs > conditional > when
This directive describes one potential set of input for the tool at this depth. See documentation for the conditional block for more details and examples (XML and corresponding Cheetah conditionals).
Attributes
Attribute
Details
Required
value
Value for the tool form test parameter corresponding to this when block.
True
tool > inputs > param
Contained within the <inputs> tag set - each of these specifies a field that will be displayed on the tool form. Ultimately, the values of these form fields will be passed as the command line parameters to the tool's executable.
Common Attributes
The attributes valid for this tag vary wildly based on the type of the parameter being described. All the attributes for the param element are documented below for completeness, but here are the common ones for each type are as follows:
Attributes
Attribute
Details
Required
type
Describes the parameter type - each different type as different semantics and the tool form widget is different. Currently valid parameter types are: text, integer, float, boolean, genomebuild, select, color, data_column, hidden, hidden_data, baseurl, file, ftpfile, data, data_collection, drill_down. The definition of supported parameter types as defined in the parameter_types dictionary in /lib/galaxy/tools/parameters/basic.py.
True
name
Name for this element. This name is used as the Cheetah variable containing the user-supplied parameter name in command and configfile elements. The name should not contain pipes or periods (e.g. .). Some "reserved" names are REDIRECT_URL, DATA_URL, GALAXY_URL.
False
argument
If the parameter reflects just one command line argument of a certain tool, this tag should be set to that particular argument. It is rendered in parenthesis after the help section, and it will create the name attribute (if not given explicitly) from the argument attribute by stripping leading dashes and replacing all remaining dashes by underscores (e.g. if argument="--long-parameter" then name="long_parameter" is implicit). Find the Intergalactic Utilities Commision suggested best practices for this element here.
False
label
The attribute value will be displayed on the tool page as the label of the form field (label="Sort Query").
False
help
Short bit of text, rendered on the tool form just below the associated field to provide information about the field.
False
optional
If false, parameter must have a value. Defaults to false except when the type attribute value is select and multiple is true.
False
refresh_on_change
Force a reload of the tool panel when the value of this parameter changes to allow code file processing. See deprecation-like notice for code blocks.
False
Parameter Types
text
When type="text", the parameter is free form text and


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Perfect spin-filter and spin-valve in carbon atomic chains
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View: Figures
Figures
Image of FIG. 1.
FIG. 1.
A schematic device model of carbon atomic chains bridging two zigzag graphene nanoribbon leads. The red frame indicates the left leads while the blue one indicates the right leads. The scattering region includes the carbon chain and the surface layers. The direction of electron transport is along the carbon atomic chain labeled as .
Image of FIG. 2.
FIG. 2.
The spin-dependent electron transmission at zero bias. [(a) and (b)] Spin transmission of with the antiparallel/parallel spin orientation of two leads. [(c) and (d)] Spin transmission of with the antiparallel/parallel spin orientation of two leads. [(e) and (f)] show surfaces of the constant spin-resolved local DOS evaluated at the Fermi level.
Image of FIG. 3.
FIG. 3.
The spin-resolved curve of with the parallel/antiparallel spin orientation of two leads. The inset is bias-voltage dependent magnetoresistance.
Image of FIG. 4.
FIG. 4.
(a) TSP and (b) MR as a function of number of carbon atoms in chain at zero bias.
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2014-04-20
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Scitation: Perfect spin-filter and spin-valve in carbon atomic chains
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Navicat Blog
Exploring PostgreSQL's Foreign Data Wrapper and Statistical Functions Mar 15, 2024 by Robert Gravelle
PostgreSQL, renowned for its robustness and extensibility, offers several helpful functions for both developers and database administrators alike. Among these functions, file_fdw_handler, file_fdw_validator, pg_stat_statements, pg_stat_statements_info, and pg_stat_statements_reset stand out as invaluable tools for enhancing database management and performance optimization. In today's blog we'll learn how to use all of these functions as well as how Navicat can help!
File Functions
PostgreSQL's Foreign Data Wrapper (FDW) functionality allows seamless integration of external data sources into the database. The file_fdw_handler and file_fdw_validator functions are specifically designed to handle foreign tables backed by files.
The file_fdw_handler function serves as an interface between PostgreSQL and the foreign data source, enabling the execution of SQL queries against files residing outside the database. Let's consider an example where we want to create a foreign table named external_data referencing a CSV file named data.csv:
 CREATE SERVER file_server FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER file_fdw;
 CREATE FOREIGN TABLE external_data (
 id INT,
 name TEXT,
 age INT
 ) SERVER file_server OPTIONS (filename '/path/to/data.csv');

Meanwhile, the file_fdw_validator function ensures the integrity of the options provided when creating a foreign table. It validates if the specified file exists and is accessible. For instance:
 SELECT file_fdw_validator('filename', '/path/to/data.csv');

Statistical Functions
PostgreSQL's pg_stat_statements module provides a set of built-in functions for monitoring and analyzing query performance. Among these, pg_stat_statements, pg_stat_statements_info, and pg_stat_statements_reset are indispensable for identifying bottlenecks and optimizing database performance.
pg_stat_statements is a module that records statistics about SQL statements executed by a server. It tracks details such as execution counts, total runtime, and resource usage for each unique query. To enable pg_stat_statements, you need to add it to the shared_preload_libraries configuration parameter in postgresql.conf:
shared_preload_libraries = 'pg_stat_statements'
After restarting the PostgreSQL server, you can query the statistics using:
 SELECT * FROM pg_stat_statements;

pg_stat_statements_info provides additional information about the pg_stat_statements module, such as the version number and the last reset time. It can be queried as follows:
 SELECT * FROM pg_stat_statements_info;

Finally, pg_stat_statements_reset resets the statistics collected by pg_stat_statements, allowing you to start afresh with performance monitoring. Simply execute:
 SELECT pg_stat_statements_reset();

Working with PostgreSQL's Built-in Functions in Navicat
We can access all of the above functions in Navicat for PostgreSQL or Navicat Premium 16 by expanding the "Functions" section in the Objects Pane:
PostgreSQL_functions_in_Navicat (113K)
To execute a function, simply select it from the Objects list and click the Execute Function button:
execute_function_button (62K)
That will bring up a dialog where you can supply input parameter values:
input_parameter_dialog (33K)
Click the OK button to execute the function and view the results (or Cancel to abort):
pg_stat_statements_results (330K)
PostgreSQL's built-in functions, including file_fdw_handler, file_fdw_validator, pg_stat_statements, pg_stat_statements_info, and pg_stat_statements_reset, play a pivotal role in enhancing database management and optimizing query performance. By leveraging these functions effectively, developers and administrators can streamline operations and ensure optimal utilization of PostgreSQL's capabilities.
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