Vigenère cipher: letter frequency analysis
Vigenère cipher: letter frequency analysis
Letter frequency analysis of a Vigenère cipher
The text of this article was encrypted with a repeated-key Vigenère cipher—the key word is DECEPTIVE—and in a random polyalphabetic cipher. The figure shows how the relative frequency distribution of the original plaintext is disguised by the corresponding ciphertext, which more closely resembles a purely random sequence supplied as a baseline.
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Best Practices for Using and Maintaining an Orbital Shaker
By Aimee O'Driscoll, 13 June 2018
Using your orbital shaker correctly will ensure you get the best results for your application. What's more, taking care of your machine will help keep it running efficiently and extend its lifespan.
In this post, we reveal best practices for using and maintaining orbital shakers. While the manufacturer's recommendations should always take precedence, the pointers below can serve as general guidelines for most machines.
Using an Orbital Shaker
Whether you're a first-time user or have some experience with orbital shakers, here are some of the main things to think about during setup and use.
Ensure the Shaker is Properly Supported
When in use, orbital shakers can vibrate significantly. Use on an uneven surface could cause damage, especially for heavier machines. You can use a level and adjust the feet accordingly to ensure that the shaker is seated evenly.
Consider Location Carefully
Squeezing a benchtop or floor model shaker into a tight spot isn't a good idea, as you need enough space to ensure good ventilation. You also don't want to place it where it will be exposed to direct sunlight as this can affect temperature controls. This is especially bad for a refrigerated model. Also consider other machines in the vicinity that could be giving off heat.
Load Samples With Care
It may not seem as though it matters that much how you load your samples, but it can actually prolong the working life of the clamps if you use a little care. Simply forcing the sample into the clamp will lower the lifespan of the clamp itself. Plus it risks breaking the vessel. Instead, gently pull the clamp out enough for the vessel to easily be inserted.
Even the Load
Similar to use on an uneven surface, an uneven load can cause the orbital shaker to vibrate. The added vibration could make for increased agitation of the contents which might adversely affect the outcome of the application. An uneven load could also cause asymmetrical wear to the machine and irregular shaking. You don't have to balance an orbital shaker like you might a centrifuge, but keeping the weight distribution in mind is always a good idea.
Build Up the Speed Slowly
Even if you know the exact agitation speed you want to use, it's prudent to start slow and build up. Quickly increasing the speed can result in liquids sloshing instead of achieving the desired swirling motion. This is especially important if dealing with fragile cells, in particular those without a cell wall. Some models, such as the one below, come with a "smooth acceleration" feature which does the job of ramping up the speed gradually for you.
An example of an orbital shaker.
Many Jeio Tech shakers come with smooth acceleration and deceleration.
Keep the Volume Low
While some applications allow for a larger fill volume, in general, a low fill level (around 10-25% of the volume of the flask) allows for optimal mixing. A low volume means a greater relative surface area, maximizing the amount of aeration. Plus, a lower filling volume means you minimize the risk of spillage.
Limit Unnecessary Door Openings
If you're using an incubated or refrigerated shaker, opening the door unnecessarily with have a negative impact on the performance of the machine. Door openings will introduce ambient air and the incubation or refrigeration system will have to work harder to maintain temperature. What's more, the fluctuation in temperature caused, even if brief, could impact the results of your application, especially with samples that are particularly sensitive to temperature.
Don't Overload the Machine
Overloading your orbital shaker can cause damage in the short term or additional wear over time. Manufacturer specifications will tell you the weight limit (maximum capacity) for the machine. This includes the weight of the platforms, clamps, and screws, as well as the samples. Some shakers come with an overload protection shut-off, but this should be considered more of a 'just-in-case' feature. You shouldn't rely on the overload protection shut-off to tell you that you're putting too much weight on your shaker.
Manufacturer specifications.
Manufacturer specifications for the Benchmark Scientific Orbi-Shaker™ JR.
Maintaining an Orbital Shaker
Aside from taking care to use your orbital shaker correctly, you also need to think about maintenance of the equipment. Taking care of your machine will keep it in good working order and prolong its lifespan.
Clean Up Spills
Spills will inevitably occur with orbital shaker usage, but it's important not to let liquids get into the mechanisms. Spills can be cleaned as directed by the manufacturer, but 70% ethanol is usually a safe bet. Even if you don't tend to spill, dirt and grime can build up on shakers, so it's good idea to clean and disinfect them regularly. If you can remove the platform, you should do so while cleaning to get to any spills, dirt, or debris underneath. Just make sure it's thoroughly dry before replacing.
Inspect the Belt and Fan
Many shakers operate using a belt-based system. The belt should be inspected periodically for wear and tear. If needed, replacement parts can be ordered from the manufacturer. Similarly, if you shaker has a circulating fan, its operation should be checked regularly too.
Perform Speed Checks
It's easy to assume that if a machine switches on, then it's working correctly. Machines are usually calibrated upon purchase and during servicing, but may need to be checked in between. If the speed isn't accurate, this can obviously throw off the results of your application. You can test the speed accuracy using a calibrated sensor. You might also want to check the accuracy of the temperature (if your shaker is incubated) and the time, and test the alarms too.
Check the Air Filter and Condenser Coil on Refrigerated Models
Many refrigerated shakers have an air filter. This can become a trap for dust and dirt so should be checked regularly, at least every few months. Similarly, in refrigerated shakers, the condenser coil can become covered with dust and dirt from the environment. This will insulate the condenser making heat removal less efficient. You can usually clean the air filter and condenser coils with soap and water and dry thoroughly, unless the manufacturer guide advises differently.
Orbital shakers don't generally require a lot of upkeep. However, if you want to ensure your machine is running as efficiently and for as long as possible, it's worth following the tips above.


text:
My wife and I just returned from our winter home in Gilbert, Arizona. One day the humidity was 1 percent. What's Chicago's lowest humidity? And the world's?
--Bob Hansen, Lindenhurst
Chicago climatologist Frank Wachowski reports that the city's all-time low relative humidity is 13 percent, recorded on three occasions. It first occurred during a dust storm on May 10, 1934, and was tied on April 11, 1956, and April 8, 1971. Chicago's low humidity episodes generally occur on warm, windy afternoons when dry air aloft can easily mix down to the surface. For the record, one of the world's lowest humidities was recorded Oct. 24, 2006, in Coober Pedy, Australia, when a temperature of 93 and a dew point of minus 23 produced a relative humidity of less than 1 percent.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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When I allow an application to access my data, what information can it actually access?
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It used to be that applications had full access to all your data, but now it's more restricted:
instead of granting access to all of their profile data when engaging with an application for the first time, users will now authorize only specific categories of user data – like interests, gender, or their current city, for example. With the changes, when developers want to access new profile information fields not granted in the original application authorization, they'll need to ask for explicit permission.
So the application should ask you for permission and tell you which categories of data it wants access to. So if you're not happy about letting an application having access to your photos for example you should be able to tell and not install it.
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The new permissions model is now live, giving you, the use, more detail into what exactly is made available to the application.
With this new authorization process, when you log into an application with your Facebook account, the application will only be able to access the public parts of your profile by default. To access the private parts of your profile, the application has to explicitly ask for your permission.
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Ankylosing Spondylitis
The Importance of an Ankylosing Spondylitis Diet Plan
With any diet, a diet plan is essential to reach your desired goal or effect. In this case of Ankylosing spondylitis (AS), an Ankylosing Spondylitis diet plan is essential for managing this disabling disease to reduce pain, symptoms and severity of disease.
Ankylosing Spondylitis Diet Plan
An Ankylosing spondylitis diet plan should always consists of these six essential components:
1. Quality of food
The problem with most diets is that quality of food tend to be ignored. In fact, one of the main reasons why AS diets or diets in general tend to fail because the person is denied of having tasty food that they can eat.
Having food that is tasty is vital for any diet because it prevents the feeling of starvation and also encourages the person to continue or reward the person for eating a healthy diet.
2. Nutritional balance
Green vegetables and fruits are very healthy for an AS diet. But, eating just green vegetables and fruit does not provide all the nutrition you need for a healthy body. Proteins like lean meat and dairy food are essential for a healthy balanced diet.
Unfortunately, some diet fads promote eating one source of food which can have undesired or fatal consequences. This way of eating is unhealthy. The best way is always a balanced diet.
Nutritional balance
3. Quantity of food intake
Too little food is not good. Too much food is also bad. When planning an Ankylosing Spondylitis diet, you should always if possible have six meals a day that isn't heavily portioned. Having a meal like this will prevent you feeling empty in the stomach and prevents over engorgement of food due to long periods of starvation.

4. Goal Planning
Goals is one most important component of an Ankylosing Spondylitis diet plan. This is because the goal is reason why you are doing the diet. For an Ankylosing spondylitis diet plan, you should have a goal written up that is clear, have a defined reason and a time frame to achieve it. When you do this, it makes achieving and sticking onto your diet much easier.
Goal Planning
5. Penalty measure
If you do something wrong in your diet, you should have a penalty measure. For instance, if you eat a sloppy hamburger for lunch, you should be penalised by doing 10 push ups. The reason why you must have a penalty measure because if you don't, then there is no incentive to achieve your goal and there is no checking measure to reach your goal. That is, if you do something wrong, then it doesn't make you feel bad on not keeping onto a diet.
Having a penalty measure will increase the likely hood that you will stick to the diet plan.
6. Reward for reaching goals
When you reach certain goals in your diet, you should always give yourself a reward. This is because it increases the motivation to continue on with your diet and also helps you focus clearly on the benefits of being on a diet.
These six essential components of an Ankylosing Spondylitis diet plan are vital for Ankylosing Spondylitis diet to be effective.
Following these rules will help you achieve a healthy body and mind.
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text:
Detection of Anthracene in Real Water Samples with a Label-Free Amperometric Immunosenor
A label-free amperometric immunosenor for determination of anthracene was developed. Prussian blue was electrodeposited on the glassy carbon electrode and then modified with nanometer-size gold film to protect Prussian blue layer and immobilized anthracene polyclonal antibodies. The characteristics of the modified electrode at different stages of modification were studied by cyclic voltammetry. The performances of the amperometric immunosensor were studied in detail. At the optimal experimental condition, the current response of the immunosensor was proportional to the concentration of anthracene in the range of 1.8~90 ng•mL-1 with a detection limit of 0.82 ng•mL-1 (S/N=3). The studied immunosensor exhibited low detection limit, long-term stability and easy regenerated. This mothod was applied to the anthracene detection in river water samples with satisfied results.
Yanguo Shi and Jinlong Zuo
Y. Zhang et al., "Detection of Anthracene in Real Water Samples with a Label-Free Amperometric Immunosenor", Advanced Materials Research, Vols. 183-185, pp. 547-551, 2011

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
Presefy is a new service that you can use to share your presentations to your students' mobile devices. Through Presefy you can control your slides from your computer or from the browser in your iPad, iPhone, Android phone, or any other mobile device that has a web browser. When you advance the slides in your presentation the slides also advance on your students' mobile devices. Your students can take notes as they follow along with your slides.
To share your presentations just create a Presefy account and upload a PPTX or PDF file. Your account is given a channel name and URL. Share that URL with your students, have them enter it into their browsers, and they can follow along as you advance your slides. Learn more about Presefy in the video below.
Presefy - Go Mobile with your Presentations from Presefy on Vimeo.
The free version of Presefy allows you to store two presentations at a time. You can delete and re-upload presentations as many times as you want in the free account.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Routing down conductor for DKL202 - DKL202 - DKL201
DKL201 and DKL202 Installation Guide
Document code
M211785EN
Revision
D
Language
English (United States)
Product
DKL202
DKL201
Document type
User guide
CAUTION Install the down conductor on the opposite side of the mast from the other cables.
CAUTION Because of the requirements of the lightning protection system, the down conductor is rigid and hard to handle. Be careful when handling it.
 1. Guide the down conductor from the groove connector at the top of the mast towards the mast base.
 2. To ensure the shortest and most direct path to ground, keep the down conductor as straight as possible. Do not make sharp bends to the conductor.
 CAUTION Keep the curve of the down conductor smooth with a minimum radius of the bent cable 20 cm (8 in) and never over 90° angles.
 3. Attach the down conductor to the pole mast using appropriate fasteners. To make sure that the down conductor runs smoothly, place the fasteners evenly.
 1
 Air terminal
 2
 Upper attachment of (mast) down conductor
 3
 Ground electrode
 4
 Mast down conductor
 5
 Enclosure down conductor
 6
 Grounding connector


Stratford sub Castle and the oldest road in Britain
by Kerry O'Connor
Stratford sub Castle lies on one possible route of a possible road that would pre-date it by a thousand years and is, possibly, the oldest road in Britain.
The Icknield (Icenhilde, Icenhylte, Icenilde, Icenhilde, Rykeneld, Hikenilde, Hicknel, Hecknal) Way is a pre Roman and perhaps even pre Iron Age route from (Old) Sarum (and perhaps from Exeter) to East Anglia, the territory of the Iceni who may have given their name to it. A Mid 13th C map (Mathew Paris, Scema Britannie, British Library) shows it running from (Old) Sarum to Bury St Edmunds. A different and later Icknield route appears in 14th C sources and includes a Roman section called Icknield Street. It runs north south in Worcestershire and Warwickshire. Some authors call the Icknield Way the oldest road in Britain, others call it a mediaeval myth erroneously linking shorter probably younger tracks together. The Iceni did trade with the south west so a trade route is possible and where a choice is available ridgeways seem more sensible than valley floors and multiple river crossings.
"It keeps along the edge of Groveley Woods and within sound of the nightingales until it bends down to Salisbury ; once probably it or a higher parallel course went over a ford to Old Sarurn, and evidently it is vastly older than the eighteenth-century mile-stones, (The Icknield Way. Thomas, Edward 1916 pages 20 -21). South west of Old Sarum it may be the same route as the Ackling Dyke to Badbury (Origines Celticae, Guest, Edwin 1883 Vol II page 230)
King Edgar (10th C) introduced "The King's Peace", revived by Edward The Confessor, confirmed by William the Conqueror (both 11th C) whereby offences committed on the four principal roads "Watlinge, Fosse, Hikenilde and Erming" were tried by the King's own officers rather than the local court, before this was extended to all highways (12th C). Breach of the Saxon Pax Regis was a far graver crime than the same act as a breach of the homestead's or church's or manor's or Sheriff's peace. It was a crime against the King. Crimes were originally tried as accused versus injured party, fines then being payable to the injured party. When all crimes became against the King's peace, trials became accused versus Rex and all fines payable to him. These four roads were then privileged places under the King's protection in the 10th to 11th C.
The Icknield Way is unmarked on the ground and on maps around Old Sarum, and forgotten. Elsewhere in the country this and its various alternative routes, the Icknield Street, as part of a seemingly unrelated Icknield Way and an Icknield Way Long Distance path are mapped and marked.
Matthew Paris map of Great Britain.jpg
The Icknield Way from Sarum and Wilton in the west to Norfolk in the east.
Matthew Paris' map of Great Britain, Cotton MS Claudius D VI _PHONE_ British Library.
Glovernia is Gloucester. Diulf is Devizes. Planic is Salisbury Plain. Sarefb is Salisbury. Beneath it in red Wiltefir is Wiltshire. Beneath this and the blue line of Icknield Way, Witu is Wilton. Marleb is Marlborough. Neuwerc is Newark. To its south Bealwar is Bevoir. Notigh is Nottingham. Legrecest is Leicester. Stampf is Stamford. Norhamt is Northampton. Graha is Grantham. Burg is Peterborough. Len is is King's Lyn. North Folk is Norfolk. Spa ud is Spalding. _URL_
Benson & Hatcher Old Sarum 1834 plan.jpg
1834 Plan of Old Sarum, Benson and Hatcher, showing The Icknield "Street" (sic) ©Salisbury Museum
Icknield Street.jpg
The (possible) Icknield Way alongside Hudson's Field, labelled The Icknield Street on map above
Image: KMOC
Webpage added July 2020


text:
Keep Perkins Quality. Keep Perkins Strong.
Vote FOR Perkins' Schools on May 2nd!
- Perkins Schools' operating levy on the May ballot is 6.9-mill levy to fund day-to-day operating costs for our schools.
- Perkins Schools has not had a new operating levy in 17 years. Even with passage of this levy, Perkins Schools will continue to look for responsible cost efficiencies to stretch operating dollars as long as possible.
- State funding reductions to Perkins Schools have resulted in the loss of millions of dollars for Perkins Schools. The Governor's recent proposed budget reflects an additional reduction in Perkins' state core funding for next year of more than 4%.
- Perkins teachers and staff have not had a base salary increase since 2008, and in the last few years – the district has eliminated more than forty teaching, administrative, and classified positions to reduce salary and healthcare costs.
- The State of Ohio has placed Perkins Schools under fiscal caution status, and a state audit is underway to make recommendations for additional reductions.
- This levy funding is critically needed to maintain Perkins' quality of education, including:
- Ensuring students have access to up-to-date courses, learning technology, and classroom materials so they
are prepared for college and good jobs.
- Continuing to offer gifted and advanced placement courses to students.
- Paying for fuel and bus services to ensure that reliable and safe transportation is available to students
throughout the community.
- Providing enough counselors, tutors, and nurses to support students' needs.
- Without this levy, our schools will have to cut dozens more teachers and staff, and make drastic cuts to programs, courses, transportation, and other student services.
- The Board of Education has reduced the millage amount in an effort to be responsive to the residents' input.The cost of this levy is less than $5 a week or about $20 a month per $100,000 of property value ($20.13/month or $4.65/week).
Paid for by Citizens for Perkins Schools, c/o Sally Burger, Deputy Treasurer, 4707 Hayes Avenue, Sandusky, OH 44870


text:
MC:P163 Papers of Henry Bensley Wells (_PHONE_)
Henry Bensley Wells (always called Ben in these letters) was born in 1891 and attended Winchester College before coming to Magdalen as a Commoner in 1909–1913, where he got a Third in History. He coxed the Magdalen College First Eight in 1911–1913, the Blues boat in 1911–1914, and a Leander Eight which won the Olympic Regatta at Stockholm in 1912. After serving in the First World War, he became a barrister, and then a County Court Judge in 1934. He died in 1967.
The letters were given to the College archives by the recipient's son, John Wells, himself an Old Member of Magdalen (C. 1946–1949), in May 2001 as Accession No. 01/108. The photograph album and photographs were donated by his sons John (mentioned above) and David Wells (C.1949-52) in the late 1980s and accessioned as 89/2.
The collection has been divided into the following series:


Random permutation
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
A random permutation is a random ordering of a set of objects, that is, a permutation-valued random variable. The use of random permutations is often fundamental to fields that use randomized algorithms such as coding theory, cryptography, and simulation. A good example of a random permutation is the shuffling of a deck of cards: this is ideally a random permutation of the 52 cards.
Generating random permutations[edit]
Entry-by-entry brute force method[edit]
One method of generating a random permutation of a set of size n uniformly at random (i.e., each of the n! permutations is equally likely to appear) is to generate a sequence by taking a random number between 1 and n sequentially, ensuring that there is no repetition, and interpreting this sequence (x1, ..., xn) as the permutation
shown here in two-line notation.
This brute-force method will require occasional retries whenever the random number picked is a repeat of a number already selected. This can be avoided if, on the ith step (when x1, ..., xi − 1 have already been chosen), one chooses a number j at random between 1 and ni + 1 and sets xi equal to the jth largest of the unchosen numbers.
Fisher-Yates shuffles[edit]
A simple algorithm to generate a permutation of n items uniformly at random without retries, known as the Fisher–Yates shuffle, is to start with any permutation (for example, the identity permutation), and then go through the positions 0 through n − 2 (we use a convention where the first element has index 0, and the last element has index n − 1), and for each position i swap the element currently there with a randomly chosen element from positions i through n − 1 (the end), inclusive. It's easy to verify that any permutation of n elements will be produced by this algorithm with probability exactly 1/n!, thus yielding a uniform distribution over all such permutations.
unsigned uniform(unsigned m); /* Returns a random integer 0 <= uniform(m) <= m-1 with uniform distribution */
void initialize_and_permute(unsigned permutation[], unsigned n)
{
 unsigned i;
 for (i = 0; i <= n-2; i++) {
 unsigned j = i+uniform(n-i); /* A random integer such that i ≤ j < n */
 swap(permutation[i], permutation[j]); /* Swap the randomly picked element with permutation[i] */
 }
}
Note that if the uniform() function is implemented simply as random() % (m) then a bias in the results is introduced if the number of return values of random() is not a multiple of m, but this becomes insignificant if the number of return values of random() is orders of magnitude greater than m.
Statistics on random permutations[edit]
Fixed points[edit]
The probability distribution of the number of fixed points in a uniformly distributed random permutation approaches a Poisson distribution with expected value 1 as n grows. In particular, it is an elegant application of the inclusion–exclusion principle to show that the probability that there are no fixed points approaches 1/e. When n is big enough, the probability distribution of fixed points is almost the Poisson distribution with expected value 1.[1] The first n moments of this distribution are exactly those of the Poisson distribution.
Randomness testing[edit]
As with all random processes, the quality of the resulting distribution of an implementation of a randomized algorithm such as the Knuth shuffle (i.e., how close it is to the desired uniform distribution) depends on the quality of the underlying source of randomness, such as a pseudorandom number generator. There are many possible randomness tests for random permutations, such as some of the Diehard tests. A typical example of such a test is to take some permutation statistic for which the distribution is known and test whether the distribution of this statistic on a set of randomly generated permutations closely approximates the true distribution.
See also[edit]
References[edit]
 1. ^ Durstenfeld, Richard (1964-07-01). "Algorithm 235: Random permutation". Communications of the ACM. 7 (7): 420. doi:10.1145/364520.364540.
External links[edit]
 - Random permutation at MathWorld
 - Random permutation generation -- detailed and practical explanation of Knuth shuffle algorithm and its variants for generating k-permutations (permutations of k elements chosen from a list) and k-subsets (generating a subset of the elements in the list without replacement) with pseudocode


Under review
String functions
Gustav Widén (System support) 4 years ago in IQANdesign updated 4 months ago 3
There are a few different forum questions and feature requests that I think would be possible to solve if we had added some string handling functions, for example comparison of text channel values:
,string concatenation:
and conversion from integer to text
Anyone else who thinks this could be a good idea?
Great ideas,
I also would like the ability to have an Array of text or being able to extract text from a file. This is for primarily for error handling. I have devices with a very large number of possible errors. More than what the state machine can handle (+ it is not very flexible).
I can sort my error or create Error log by number but then customer has to find code in instruction manual.
So the idea would be to be able to display a text based on an index. If the Error file was external then it could be easier to deal with and may not tax the memory? A Spreadsheet could be ideal thus allowing us to maintain the different languages or at least two dimensional array.
Under review
As a comment on this post, in IQANscript does have text compare.


text:
As illustrated the pallet separator will provide a space between the first pallet in a flow system and the balance of the pallets in the lane. When the first pallet is raised approximately six inches and removed the mechanism allows the lane of pallets to advance one position.
Removing the pallets in this manner prevents binding and product damage that can occur when the pallets are touching against each other and vertical interference is present.
The pallet separator can be used in virtually any size conveyor frame drilling the frame as shown. It is suggested that a roller brake be positioned as close to the separator mechanism as possible (near the front edge of pallet number two in the lane).
- Model Info


totally convex space
Totally convex spaces
Essentially, the totally convex spaces are what you get if you try to build an algebraic theory of Banach spaces.
Abstract definition
A totally convex space is a module for the monad on Set which sends a set XX to the closed unit ball of the Banach space 1(X)\ell^1(X).
This is an example of an algebraic theory (in the strong sense that it is bounded monadic) but not finitary, hence not a Lawvere theory. The free totally convex space on XX is the unit ball of the Banach space 1(X)\ell^1(X), and thus an operation in this theory is a formal sum xXa xx\sum_{x \in X} a_x x for a xa_x \in \mathbb{R} with the property that xX|a x|1\sum_{x \in X} {|a_x|} \le 1. The finiteness of this sum forces it to have only countably many non-zero terms, and thus it factors through an operation on \mathbb{N}. Hence there is a presentation of this theory with operations in 1()\ell^1(\mathbb{N}) (which is why the theory is bounded monadic). The corresponding identities are simply the substitution rules – namely that substituting a sum into another works as expected – and the reordering rules.
Concrete definition
A totally convex space is a set XX equipped with, for each infinite sequence (a 1,a 2,)(a_1, a_2, \ldots) of real numbers such that i|a i|1\sum_i {|a_i|} \leq 1, an operation from X X^{\mathbb{N}} to XX, written (x 1,x 2,) ia ix i(x_1,x_2,\ldots) \mapsto \sum_i a_i x_i, such that:
 1. Reordering: If σ\sigma is any permutation of \mathbb{N}, then ia ix i= ia σ(i)x σ(i)\sum_i a_i x_i = \sum_i a_{\sigma(i)} x_{\sigma(i)};
 2. Nullary substitution: If δ i\delta_i is the Kronecker delta at 00 (so δ i=0\delta_i = 0 normally, but δ 0=1\delta_0 = 1), then iδ ix i=x 0\sum_i \delta_i x_i = x_0;
 3. Binary substitution: If the functions π,ρ:\pi,\rho\colon \mathbb{N} \to \mathbb{N} express \mathbb{N} as its own product with itself (it is enough to pick one pair of functions and state this axiom only for it), then ia i( jb i,jx i,j)= ka π(k)b π(k),ρ(k)x π(k),ρ(k)\sum_i a_i (\sum_j b_{i,j} x_{i,j}) = \sum_k a_{\pi(k)} b_{\pi(k),\rho(k)} x_{\pi(k),\rho(k)}.
Of course, one would normally write the right-hand side of the last equation as i,ja ib i,jx i,j\sum_{i,j} a_i b_{i,j} x_{i,j}, but that is not technically an operation in the theory, except as mediated by π\pi and ρ\rho. A common choice for (π,ρ)(\pi,\rho) is the inverse of (i,j)(i+j+12)+j(i,j) \mapsto \big({i + j + 1 \atop 2}\big) + j, where for this expression to work we take 00 to be a natural number.
I haven't actually checked that this list is complete; but it's what I get if I take Andrew at his word that we need only substitution and reordering rules. I wouldn't be terribly surprised if nullary substitution is redundant, but right now I don't see how. —Toby
 1. A totally convex space is a pointed convex space. The operations of a convex space are encoded in the operations (r,1r,0,0,0,)(r, 1 - r, 0, 0, 0, \ldots) and the "point" comes from the operation (0,0,)(0, 0, \ldots). This functor preserves underlying sets and so has a left adjoint; thus any convex space can be "completed" to a totally convex space.
 2. The operations for this theory are commutative, hence the category of totally convex spaces is a closed symmetric monoidal category.
 1. Clearly, the closed unit ball BXB X of any Banach space XX is a totally convex space.
 2. Bizarrely, the open unit ball of a Banach space is a totally convex space. This is because if a sum, xBXa xx\sum_{x \in B X} a_x x for x|a x|1\sum_x {|a_x|} \leq 1, lies on the boundary of BXB X then every xx for which a x0a_x \ne 0 must have norm 11. Thus if the series only contains terms from the interior of BXB X, the sum remains in the interior. Hence the open unit ball is a subalgebra of the closed unit ball.
 3. Continuing, the quotient of the closed unit ball by the open unit ball is a totally convex space.
 4. In particular, the three-point space {1,0,1}\{-1,0,1\} is (assuming excluded middle) a totally convex space. The operations on this space are as follows:
 a jϵ j={1 ϵ j=sign(a j),|a j|=1 1 ϵ j=sign(a j),|a j|=1 0 otherwise \sum a_j \epsilon_j = \begin{cases} 1 & \epsilon_j = \operatorname{sign}(a_j), \sum {|a_j|} = 1 \\ -1 & \epsilon_j = -\operatorname{sign}(a_j), \sum {|a_j|} = 1 \\ 0 & \;\text{otherwise} \end{cases}
 5. Going back one step, (1,1)(-1,1) is a totally convex space. It is illuminating to describe this as a coequaliser of free totally convex spaces. Consider a functional f: 1()f \colon \ell^1(\mathbb{N}) \to \mathbb{R} which is bounded of norm 11 but does not achieve its norm; for example, let ff be represented by the sequence (12,23,34,)(\frac{1}{2},\frac{2}{3},\frac{3}{4},\ldots). Then for any xB 1()x \in B\ell^1(\mathbb{N}), f(x)(1,1)f(x) \in (-1,1). Thus (1,1)(-1,1) is the coequaliser of the inclusion kerf 1()\ker f \to \ell^1(\mathbb{N}) and the zero map kerf 1()\ker f \to \ell^1(\mathbb{N}).
Revised on January 29, 2010 16:52:39 by Toby Bartels (


Alexandru Solomon To Investigate TARZAN'S TESTICLES
Todd Brown, Founder and Editor
Half the battle in making a compelling documentary is selecting a compelling topic and Romanian producer / director Alexandru Solomon has got himself a doozy in Tarzan's Testicles. Solomon will be exploring actual research done by the Abkhazian Scientific Research Institute of Experimental Pathology and Therapy throughout the Soviet era which attempted to cross breed humans with monkeys. Says FNE about the project:
Once a part of the Soviet Union, Abkhazia is now a disputed territory, with a handful of nations - Russia among them - recognizing it as independent while most of the world considers its territory to be a part of the Republic of Georgia. Georgia officially considers it an autonomous republic with its government sitting in exile in the Georgian capital of Tblisi, while officially listing it as a Russian occupied territory. Let's just say the local politics are thorny.
Tarzan's Testicles is in planning now with a release planned for 2014.
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Altova MapForce 2023 Professional Edition
Returns the position of the first occurrence of substr within string. By default, the function starts the search from the first character, which has position (index) 1, but you can optionally specify a specific starting index. If substr cannot be found, then the function returns 0.
mf-func-find-substring

Languages
Built-in, C++, C#, Java.

Parameters
Name
Type
Description
string
xs:string
The input string.
substr
xs:string
The sub-string to search for.
startindex
xs:int
Optional. Specifies the starting position (index) of the search. If this parameter is not specified, the search starts at position 1.

Example
The following mapping outputs 3, which is the position of the first occurrence of the pipe character in the input string id|name|email.
mf-func-find-substring-example
If you specify 4 as starting index, then the function starts searching from the fourth character. Consequently, the mapping below outputs 8, which is the first occurrence of the pipe character after searching from the fourth character onwards.
mf-func-find-substring-example2
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A PhD, also known as a Doctor of Philosophy degree, is a doctorate awarded by a university to the academic who has met all necessary qualifications and can now be considered a doctor in his or her academic field.
Managing of human resource such as employees and other stakeholders of any business corporations needs an advanced training to enhance its efficiency. The methods of management that you learn from this training will ensure better performance of the human resource as well as the overall performance of the corporations.
Distance learning is a method of delivering education to students who are not physically present on campus. Various studies have shown that distance learning programmes can be as efficient and effective as conventional classroom programmes sometimes even better!
Request Information Distance learning Doctoral Programs in Human Resources 2017
As one of the first online doctoral programs in industrial and organizational (I-O) psychology, Walden's PhD in Industrial and Organizational Psychology program allows you to deepen your knowledge of workplace and organizational behavior. [+]


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Home / Browse / Category / Land and Resources / Cherokee Boundary Line
The Old Cherokee Boundary Line served as the eastern border of the first land set aside for Native Americans in Arkansas. The Treaty of the Cherokee Agency of 1817 created the definition for the line as beginning at the confluence of Point Remove Creek and the Arkansas River near present-day Morrilton (Conway County). The line was then to be marked in a northeasterly direction to Shields Ferry on the White River. General William Rector, along with commissioners appointed by the Cherokee, conducted the original survey and filed a report with the Government Land Office in 1819. Rector reported a distance of seventy-one miles and fifty-five chains.
Rector's survey and report were intended to satisfy both some Cherokee residents and some residents of Arkansas Territory who did not accept the language of the treaty and sought adjustments to the line. In 1819, a second treaty was intended to meet concerns of both parties. A part of the problem involved the removal of white settlers from the described Cherokee lands.
The term "Old Cherokee Boundary Line" reflects the eastern line that remains in the U.S. Geological Quadrangle maps and other prominent maps. The counties and their approximate miles of boundary line are: Conway (twenty), Faulkner (six), Van Buren (nine), Cleburne (thirty-one), and Independence (five). The line lies diagonally across Greers Ferry Lake in Cleburne County. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers developed a campground and park on the northeastern portion of the lake to commemorate the significance of the boundary line and the lake. It also developed and operates a large RV park on the Arkansas River that recognizes the beginning point near Point Remove Creek.
While the surveys for sections and townships were completed after the Cherokee had given up their land in Arkansas in 1828, the boundary was a prominent marker and was frequently used in early land descriptions. The marker has shown continued and even increased significance over the years. Surveyors in the counties that the boundary line impacts have long encountered language about the line in legal descriptions and have worked to resolve disputes that relate to the "exact" location of the line. These incidences have increased as the area experienced the Fayetteville Shale natural gas development beginning in 2004. The boundary line aligns, in part, with this important economic development. Thus, a new generation of surveyors was required to cope with the peculiarities associated with the Old Cherokee Boundary Line.
While the Treaty of 1817 gave specific points of origin and termination, those persons involved in marking the boundary line faced obstacles associated with uncharted wilderness terrains. Surveying techniques of the time were rudimentary and certainly inadequate by modern standards. They predated full understanding of the concept of magnetic variation (declination). These included the effects caused by local soils that contain notable amounts of iron and other magnetic compounds. It is now recognized that even the original surveyors' metal surveying equipment may have had significantly impacted the magnetic behavior of their compass readings as reported by General Rector.
Numerous mile markers and other monuments have been placed along the line. Over the years, many of these markers have been identified by surveyors and recognized by historical groups. Representative of the confusion that has surrounded this important boundary, the Arkansas History Commission, during the state's centennial celebration in 1936, placed a monument on Cherokee Street in Morrilton that, in an elaborate inscription, erroneously states that the line runs "in a Northwesterly direction."
For additional information:Bolton, S. Charles. Arkansas, 1800–1860: Remote and Restless. Fayetteville: University of Arkansas Press, 1998.
Shinn, Josiah H. Pioneers and Makers of Arkansas. Chicago: Genealogical and Historical Publishing Company, 1908.
"Treaty with the Cherokee: July 8, 1817." _URL_ (accessed December 8, 2010).
Larry TaylorSpringfield, Arkansas
Last Updated 1/21/2011
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Home Fruits & Vegetables Is Elderberry Tincture Bad for COVID-19? Nature's lnfluenza Vaccine
Is Elderberry Tincture Bad for COVID-19? Nature's lnfluenza Vaccine
by Andreea Laza
Recent research place elderberry tincture (Sambucus nigra L.) in the forefront of the strongest immune system boosters.
Did you know that these simple black berries are a major competitor for mainstream influenza and flu vaccines?
It is true. Perhaps this is the reason why, there's been a lot of internet rumors lately stating that elderberry tincture can be harmful against the coronavirus, or COVID-19.
We have written an article about ways to protect against and prevent coronavirus infections COVID-19, that you can check below.
👉 3 Natural Ways to Prevent Coronavirus COVID-19 Infection
Is Elderberry Tincture Bad for COVID-19?
But is elderberry tincture actually dangerous to use to prevent the coronavirus (COVID-19) infection? The claim is that elderberry tincture (as well as NSAIDs: Ibuprofen, Motrin, Aleve, Naproxyn, etc) overstimulates the production of cytokines. This creates a so-called cytokine storm, that may actually aggravated the symptoms, because COVID19 causes respiratory failure via a cytokine response/release.
What are cytokines?
They are signaling molecules produces by the immune system. These cells that have the ability to activate the immune system against pathogens. According to a 2011 study, elderberry tincture activates the immune system by increasing inflammatory cytokine production.
OK, but does this mean that elderberry tincture is actually bad for COVID-19?
We couldn't agree more with Donnie Yance, Clinical Master Herbalist. He explained in an extensive and thorough article why elderberry tincture is not bad for COVID-19. He states that herbs don't overstimulate the cytokines release, for most part, as synthetic drugs do. Also, he provides evidence for why elderberry tincture preparations can actually help relieve symptoms associated with SARS COVID-19.
We really recommend that you read his whole article of elderberry tincture for COVID-19 here.
It is a bit harsh to put together natural elderberry tincture extract with synthetic medication such as Ibuprofen. We all that synthetic drugs come with many side-effects. The reason is that herbs and herbal extracts are always more biological friendly to the human body. They come from nature and our bodies use them better.
The claim that elderberry tincture is bad for COVID-19 has not been backed yet by any studies. Hence, there is no evidence that taking elderberry tincture can worsen COVID-19. Allopathic medicine knows little or nothing about herbal remedies to make such bold claims.
Is Elderberry Tincture Bad for COVID-19? Nature's Antiviral Vaccine.
Elderberry Tincture, an Alternative for Influenza Vaccine?
Elderberry tincture can actually be a natural alternative to influenza vaccine. Let me explain why.
It seems that elderberry really has something special about it. The action of these berries is so far unique in the world. No other synthetic or natural medicine has yet reached such performances.
First-hand researchers around the world have been working for more than ten years on studies on elderberry tincture. These studies have gained an overwhelming importance, given humanity is increasingly threatened by a spectrum of life-threatening diseases such as AIDS, SARS, cancer and leukemia, etc.
They have shown that elderberry extract makes a great alternative to the latest generation antiviral drugs. Scientists claim that elderberry extract could inhibit the replication of 11 strains of the influenza virus and increase cytokines production. It is capable of neutralizing the most dangerous microbes and greatly increasing the natural defense of the body.
Elderberry tincture can also help cure and prevent the majority of degenerative diseases, including cancer, and prolong biological youth.
In a word, yes, a cure with elderberry extract or tincture can be a natural alternative to influenza vaccines. And also save one of the hazards related to the a heavy metals and other toxins loaded influenza vaccines.
Read Also: 10 Best Natural Treatments for Flu
How to Use Elderberry Tincture to Prevent Influenza and Viral Infections
The substances contained in the elderberries block the infection of the healthy cells by the influenza viruses. This simple tincture can stop the installation of disease, both in its early stages as well as the advanced ones.
For prevention against influenza viruses, including the coronavirus, the best time to follow an elderberry cure is during the autumn, when the berries are harvested. Given that we have elderberry tincture available all year round, this is not the case anymore.
Elderberry Tincture Prevention and Cure
During the influenza epidemics you can follow a 2 weeks cure with elderberry tincture to prevent getting sick.
 - 2-3 tablespoons of elderberry tincture per day, in a cup of water – for prevention.
 - 2-4 tablespoons of elderberry tincture per day, for 7-10 days in a row – if the flu is already installed.
The healing from influenza will be much faster. In addition, elderberry tincture diminishes symptoms related to influenza, including:
Buy Elderberry Products Here:
Other Conditions Elderberry Tincture is Good For
Elderberry Tincture Side Effects
Laxative Effect. Elderberry tincture should be used cautiously in large doses (over 2 tablespoons a day). The reason is that it has a strong laxative and purgative effect, and can accelerate the intestinal transit. Except for the cases in which you use elderberry tincture to lose weight or relieve constipation. In these cases, it is recommended to take 1 to 2 teaspoons of common lady's mantle powder (Alchemilla vulgaris) or oak bark powder (Quercus sp.) daily alongside the tincture, to keep the intestinal transit under control.
Diarrhea and Fermentation Colitis. Elderberry tinctures and juice should be used carefully by patients suffering from acute or chronic diarrhea, and fermentation colitis.
Sensitive Colon. People with a sensitive colon or frequently suffer from bloating should take certain spices with a carminative and anti-inflammatory bowel role: fennel seeds, cumin seeds, basil, mint alongside elderberry tincture.
Toxicity. Elderberries are very powerful as a remedy, and like any medicine ingested in too high a dose, it can give have some side effects. These side-effects include: vomiting, heartburn, inflammation of the throat, difficulty breathing. One can experiment these symptoms when having 200 grams of fresh elderberries/juice or 300 grams of elderberry tincture per day.
Read Also: 5 Best Herbs for Viral Lung Infections and How to Use Them
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How to Become a Wife of Integrity
Woven within being the wife God would have you to be is becoming a wife of integrity. Often times this may seem like an unrealistic expectation, but it's not. Yes, it is easy to get overwhelmed with thoughts of not doing enough or measuring up to another woman's marriage. However, being a wife is a blessing.
No matter what you've done or where your marriage currently stands, there is always room for improvement. Scripture is filled with both instruction and encouragement to help you become the wife God called you to be – a wife of integrity.
A Wife of Integrity Defined
If you look up the definition of integrity, you'll see characteristics and qualities like:
- having good moral principles
- being whole and undivided
These qualities alone are great, but when truly activated in your life, you'll then see and feel its effects in your marriage. While there isn't a one-step, fix-all in becoming a wife of integrity, below are five practical, biblically sound tips to help you become the wife God called you to be.
A Praying Wife
You've probably heard it said before, "Prayer is a powerful weapon!" And there is a good reason for it. All throughout Scripture you can find a number of prayers – over 600 to be exact. This alone shows the importance (and power) of prayer.
When it comes to our marriages, this same level of importance certainly applies. Being a praying wife for your husband, yourself, and your marriage can do a number of things. It can:
- relinquish our control and rightfully give it to God
- offer protection
- give favor
- supply needs
These are not only vital for a thriving marriage, but also as a praying wife of integrity. If you're looking for a starting point in praying for your spouse, consider these topics and Scriptures:
- His mind: 2 Corinthians 10:3-5, Romans 8:6, Romans 7:25, Mark 12:30
- Temptations: James 1:13-15, 1 Corinthians 10:13, Galatians 5:19-21
- Integrity: Proverbs 28:6, Proverbs 11:3, Psalm 7:8, Psalm 26:1
Below are topics and Scriptures to pray over yourself:
- Exhibit fruit of the Spirit: Galatians 5:22-23
- Unity: Amos 3:3
- To be forgiving: Ephesians 4:32
Extra tip: Use this LOVE Scripture journal to pray for your spouse, marriage, and your role as a godly wife.
A Wife in the Word
Being a wife in the Word can go hand-in-hand with being a praying wife. If you are using the Word to pray over your marriage, then most likely you are staying in your Word. While we can use Scripture to pray for our marriage, it is also a good idea to stay in the Word for much more.
Often times it's easy to go this verse, then jump to that verse; however, the Bible offers some powerful stories that can be used as life lessons… especially for us as wives. The go-to standard is typically Proverbs 31, but Scripture offers so much more than that.
There are several other wives we can read about who showed characteristics worth adopting and following (as well as some good what-not-to-do lessons):
- Sarah: although she finds herself in a pickle with badly wanting children, she also followed her husband wherever God called them to go. Her faithfulness rewarded her with being the mother of many nations.
- Ruth: she exhibits faithfulness and a humbleness still talked about today. After the passing of her husband, she stuck with her mother-in-law (who also lost her husband). She was rewarded with Boaz and the gift of being in the direct lineage of Jesus.
- Elizabeth: being another woman who experienced barrenness, she and her husband eventually conceived. Elizabeth was also filled with the Holy Spirit after the encounter with her cousin Mary (who was pregnant with Jesus at the time).
What these wives of integrity show us is that having the presence of the Holy Spirit, being humble and trustworthy, and having unity with our spouses can reap great reward.
Extra tip: Choose a different woman/wife in Scripture to study each month.
A Speaker of Life-Giving Words
There's another quote that comes to mind when thinking of being a wife who speaks life – "Behind every strong man is a wife speaking life into him." The term "speak life" is another topic that when searched, will bring up hundreds of verses.
There is much power behind the words we speak, so much power that Scripture says they carry life and death. If the words spoken to (and over) our husbands are positive and uplifting, it pushes them toward God and the calling on their life. When they are negative and belittling, the opposite happens.
When thinking about speaking life-giving words over your husband, consider the following:
- Believe from your heart what God says about him: Proverbs 4:23, Matthew 15:18-19
- Voice his strengths (not only his weaknesses): Psalm 141:3, Proverbs 16:24
- Speak with grace and truth: Psalm 34:12, Psalm 15:4
Extra tip: Find life-giving verses, write them on notecards, and post them around your home.
A Seeker of Wisdom and Understanding
Wisdom and understanding are considered the glue to many things. Without it, one's spiritual walk, marriage, and everything they do can become a list of systematic rules and things taken out of context. With it comes eye-opening encounters and experiences.
The road to becoming a wife of integrity is paved with seeking wisdom and understanding. Why? Because marriage is not always easy. There are downs just like there are ups. There are bad days just the same as good days. And in most cases, it's wisdom and understanding that will keep you on track.
Scripture tells us plainly why and how to pursue these characteristics:
- If any of you lacks wisdom, let him ask God, who gives to all generously and without reproach, and it shall be given to him. -James 1:5
- "How much better to get wisdom than gold, to get insight rather than silver!" -Proverbs 16:16
- "Who is wise and understanding among you? Let them show it by their good life, by deeds done in the humility that comes from wisdom." -James 3:13
There are many more verses that speak of seeking wisdom and understanding. As the previous tip suggested, find more verses about this topic and write them on notecards, or in your journal. Pray them over yourself, your husband, and marriage.
A Teachable Wife
Titus 2 gives such an amazing account of what it means to be teachable. In the journey of becoming a wife of integrity, it is important to link up with other godly wives who can help guide and teach you along the way.
This is another area in which Scripture plainly lays out the role of older women:
"The older women likewise are to be set-apart in behavior, not slanderers, not given to much wine, teachers of what is good, in order for them to train the young women to love their husbands, to love their children, to be sensible, blameless, workers at home, good, subject to their own husbands, in order that the word of God is not evil spoken of." -Titus 2:3-5
That passage alone sums up the other tips suggested above, and some. When you can connect with other like-minded, spiritually-grounded wives of integrity, it becomes a win-win for you and your marriage.
These simple, but powerful tips will put your role as a wife of integrity into full speed ahead in your marriage. Take your time as you begin to implement them, and hang on for the marital ride of your life. You'll be amazed at how God will begin to move you and your marriage!
CHIME IN: What tips do you have for becoming a wife of integrity? Let us know in the comments below.


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Ai2 Researchers at the Polytechnic University of Valencia created a small humanoid robot that can move autonomously and avoid any collision. The researchers at this Spanish institution call this robot the MicroBiro. It can also stand up after falling and is capable of kicking a soccer ball.
Ai2 researchers used the most advanced technology in the field of robotics and automation for the MicroBiro. It has a high performance processor, distance sensors and actuators located on its various parts. To maintain its stability, researchers installed an accelerometer in the robot.
Aside from computing complex calculations, the fg robot is truly a robot that is highly mobile and can do complex movements. With the systems and technology installed in this robot, researchers are looking forward to this humanoid being able to see and interpret images the way we see things.


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The combination of MSP's NC-Checker and NC-PerfectPart software is delivering significant savings for five-axis machining processes at Bankstown-based Quickstep Technologies, the largest independent aerospace-grade composites manufacturer in Australia.
Implementation of NC-PerfectPart and NC-Checker software, supported by Renishaw probing technology, provides the detailed information required to ensure machines stay within specified parameters, improving set-up times for Quickstep's freeform parts.
NC-Checker first carries out a calibration check on the probe. Once this is complete, the software performs five-axis checks of the machine tool to verify its accuracy, providing a subsequent report. This check takes just minutes to complete, meaning it can be run on a regular basis to provide routine monitoring of the machine's geometry.
The parts being produced by Quickstep Technologies are complex in shape, so work holding is a major issue when using traditional manufacturing methods. Each part has a dedicated composite vacuum fixture with three or four fixed location tooling spheres. The centre points of the spheres are known relative to the part geometry, and this information is used to locate the fixture or part in a suitable work offset co-ordinate system for machining.
Prior to using NC-PerfectPart, these datums were generated using standard cycles within the Siemens control. While this achieved results, it was limited in that it was time consuming and open to human error. NC-PerfectPart fully automates this process and eliminates any human error. Furthermore, the software removes the need to precisely position the part, producing time savings of 50% per component.
For further information _URL_


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This study investigates the way in which Maori values areincorporated into environmental decision-making. Recently,the implementation of large resource developments havedrawn protest from Maori communities
focussed attentionon these values.
study examines the nature of thesevalues, associated with the way the Maori people use andperceive the environment,and determines that these are stillstrongly held today.
then establishes that
indigenousminority culture Maori values should
specifically considered.From this basis, environmental decision-making procedures
findings reveal that many procedures
notsufficiently account for Maori values. Two options areformulated
improve the existing situation.
present procedures. The second optioninvestigates implementing reforms to encourage earlierparticipation


How Google Categorizes Images post - LetsDiskuss
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Google can see several different elements of an image that it can use to help categorize it. This is useful primarily for image search purposes, but also for on-page SEO. Let's go over them.
First up, you have technical details about the image. Google can tell when the file is static or if it's an animated gif, and thus can file it away for that category search in image search results. You also have the file size, the file type, and the image dimensions. These are also used to categorize the image in image search.
Then you have the descriptive elements. Each of these is important, so I'll cover each on its own.


JournalArticleobiedkov2009buildingBuilding access control models with attribute exploration2009ObiedkovSergeiKourieG.DerrickEloffJ.H.P.2-728 ISSN: 0167-4048 DOI: 10.1016/j.cose.2008.07.011Computers and Security1–2http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167404808000497The use of lattice-based access control models has been somewhat restricted by their complexity. We argue that attribute exploration from formal concept analysis can help create lattice models of manageable size, while making it possible for the system designer to better understand dependencies between different security categories in the domain and, thus, providing certain guarantees for the relevance of the constructed model to a particular application. In this paper, we introduce the method through an example.access, analysis, attribute, concept, control, exploration, fca, formal, security


Ball, On Back

Purpose: To develop smooth ocular pursuit ability under minimal postural demands.
Materials: Ball on string from ceiling
Procedure:
1. Have patient lie on the floor face upward.
2. Suspend a ball on a string about two feet above the patient's face and slowly rotate the ball while he follows it with his eyes.
3. Start with small circles and gradually increase the size of the circle.
4. Alter clockwise and counterclockwise rotations.
5. Patient is NOT to move head.
6. If possible, change distance of ball from eyes by slowly raising and lowering ball while it swings.
7. Patient points at ball and feels that his arm is leading the ball.
Aspects to be emphasized:
1. Smooth following of the ball with eyes.
2. Recognize the feeling in the arm of leading the ball, even though not in contact with it.


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Edit workflow enactment permissions
To edit the enactment permissions of a workflow, double click the process shape and edit the enactment permissions from the properties panel.
Enactment permissions can be defined against a workflow to control which groups and (by membership of these groups) agents are able to enact the workflow on a ticket. If the workflow has enactment permissions, then the current agent must be a member of one of the groups defined by these enactment permissions. If the agent is not in an enactment permission group, then the Flowset assistant app will be disabled and the agent will not be able to transition the ticket through this workflow.
Edit enactment permission
Click the enactment permission add (or edit if permissions already exist) button to edit the permissions. A modal is displayed showing a list of all the groups defined in Zendesk. Select each group whose members are allowed to enact this workflow on a ticket. If there are no enactment permission groups selected, then any agent can enact the workflow. It is possible to define enactment permissions at a transition or activity level. If these lower level permissions are defined then they override those defined at the workflow level.


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Annual Report of the Secretary of the Treasury on the State of the Finances
The Department of the Treasury was established in 1789. These annual reports also contain the reports of the many departments of the Treasury, including the Bureau of the Mint, Bureau of Engraving and Printing, Bureau of Customs, Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, Secret Service, and the Internal Revenue Service.
Statistical Appendices for the years _PHONE_ are included.
Most of the reports for the years _PHONE_ were bound together into four volumes with combined indexes at the end of each volume. The index for the volume and table of contents listing the reports contained in that volume are included in the pdfs for the applicable years. Additionally, reports for the years 1789, _PHONE_, and _PHONE_ were downloaded from the American State Papers, digitized by the Library of Congress.
In the report for 1842, there is a notation that an act to establish a fiscal year for the United States was approved on August 26, 1842.
1789 to 1980
Collection of Duties on Imports and Tonnage
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Code Quality Rank: L5
Programming language: Java
License: Apache License 2.0
Tags: Animations
Latest version: v1.1.1
MultiStateAnimation alternatives and similar packages
Based on the "Animations" category.
Alternatively, view MultiStateAnimation alternatives based on common mentions on social networks and blogs.
Do you think we are missing an alternative of MultiStateAnimation or a related project?
Add another 'Animations' Package
Android library to create complex multi-state animations.
[Demo animation](docs/images/demo_1.gif)
A class that allows for complex multi-state animations using Android's AnimationDrawable. It supports both oneshot and looped animation sections. Transitions between sections can be defined, and will play automatically when moving between the defined states. State transitions can be queued asynchronously, and the library will take car of smoothly starting the next animation once the current section is complete.
Add the following dependency to your gradle build file:
 dependencies {
 compile 'com.getkeepsafe.android.multistateanimation:library:1.1.1'
Each animation consists of a series of states. A state has some metadata and a list of frames to draw. A state can also define transitions from other states. A transition is a list of frames that will be played when moving directly from a specified state to the state where the transition is defined.
An animation can be defined either with a JSON file included as a raw resource, or directly in Java code using builders.
Defining an animation with Java code
 // The ID is used in code to specify a section to play
 MultiStateAnimation.SectionBuilder firstSection = new MultiStateAnimation.SectionBuilder("first_section")
 // If true, this section will play once and stop. Otherwise it
 // will loop indefinitely.
 // The number of milliseconds that each frame of this section will
 // play
 // Each frame is the name of an image resource. They will be
 // played in the order added.
 // The frames of a transition will be played before playing
 // the normal frames of this section when transitioning. In
 // this case, the frames for this transition will play if
 // "first_section" is playing when queueTransition("second_section")
 // is called
 MultiStateAnimation.TransitionBuilder transitionFromFirst = new MultiStateAnimation.TransitionBuilder()
 // As a special case, a transition ID of "" is a transition
 // from nothing. It will play if the associated section is the
 // first to ever play.
 MultiStateAnimation.TransitionBuilder transitionFromNothing = new MultiStateAnimation.TransitionBuilder()
 // A section with a single frame and "oneshot" set to true is
 // equivalent to a static image
 MultiStateAnimation.SectionBuilder secondSection = new MultiStateAnimation.SectionBuilder("second_section")
 .addTransition("first_section", transitionFromFirst)
 .addTransition("", transitionFromNothing)
 // Animation should be given an View that will be used to display the animation.
 ImageView view = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.animationImageView);
 MultiStateAnimation animation = new MultiStateAnimation.Builder(view)
Defining an animation using JSON
As an alternative to using Java code, you can instead define animations using a JSON file stored as a raw resource. The following JSON file defines the same animation as the above Java code.
 "first_section": {
 "oneshot": false,
 "frame_duration": 33,
 "frames": [
 "second_section": {
 "oneshot": true,
 "frames": [
 "transitions_from": {
 "first_section": {
 "frame_duration": 33,
 "frames": [
 "": {
 "frames": [
Then a MultiStateAnimationOjbect can be created in Java:
 ImageView view = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.animationImageView);
 MultiStateAnimation animationSeries = MultiStateAnimation.fromJsonResource(context, view, R.raw.sample_animation);
Generating JSON animation files automatically
Included in the repo is a [Python 3 script](scripts/generate_animation_json.py) that can assist in generating the JSON for an animation. To use it, place the frames for each section of the animation in a separate folder, the pass those folders to the script.
For example, to generate the JSON file above, create a folder structure like this:
 ├── first_section
 │ ├── first_section_1.png
 │ └── first_section_2.png
 ├── first_to_second_transition
 │ ├── first_to_second_transition_001.png
 │ ├── first_to_second_transition_002.png
 │ └── first_to_second_transition_003.png
 ├── nothing_to_second_transition
 │ ├── nothing_to_second_001.png
 │ └── nothing_to_second_002.png
 └── second_section
 └── second_section_01.png
These folders can be located anywhere in your filesystem. To generate the JSON file, run the script with the folders as arguments:
 python generate_animation_json.py first_section/ second_section/ first_to_second_transition/ nothing_to_second_transition/ --output=sample_animation.json
The script will ask a series of questions about each section, and save the resulting json file to sample_animation.json. You can run python generate_animation_json.py --help to see a full list of arguments
Playing animations
Once the animation object is created via one of the above methods, you can use queueTransition and transitionNow from the GUI thread to start playing the animations.
Sample application
See the [main Activity](samples/src/main/java/com/getkeepsafe/android/multistateanimation/samples/ThreeStateSampleActivity.java) and the [json animation definition](samples/res/raw/sample_animation.json) in the [sample application](samples/) for an example.
Java API
Check out the Javadocs for more API details.
Copyright 2016 KeepSafe Inc.
You may obtain a copy of the License at
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
*Note that all licence references and agreements mentioned in the MultiStateAnimation README section above are relevant to that project's source code only.


text:
Teach children common sense about kitchen chefs through cloth books
Each edition of the cloth book has different small activities to allow children to learn more specifically
In addition to learning elements and cultivating good reading habits, book cloth can train children's fingers and arm muscles through the process of turning the book.
Size: 18.5cm(W) x 18cm(H)
Age: Newborn or above
- Availability: Available
- Model: RP50324


text:
HCMC – After six long years of negotiations, Vietnam has clinched a deal to begin the formal export of fresh longan to Japan.
On January 3, Hoang Phat Fruit Co., Ltd, located in Long An Province, shipped 10 tons of fresh longan to Japan. This was the first time Vietnam had sent fresh longan to the Japanese market.
The batch of fresh longan was shipped to Japan by air.
After this shipment, the company will continue to export 70 to 100 tons of fresh longan monthly to Japan by sea and air.
Prior to the shipment, fresh longan was cold treated at a set temperature of 1.3 degrees Celsius for 13 days to eliminate potential pests, supervised by Japanese experts.
Vietnam has 80,000 hectares under longan cultivation, with annual output of 600,000 tons. However, only 2,000 hectares and three factories were granted growing area codes to export longan to Japan.
Given the situation, Vietnam's Plant Protection Department and the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development have joined hands to step up the granting of the growing area packaging area code for longan growers in accordance with food safety to increase longan exports to Japan.


text:
AD Op Master Roles monitor. This monitor measures the general responsiveness of each operations master. The monitor periodically reports the Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) bind and Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) ping time from each domain controller that is an operations master.
Associated rules generate alerts if a certain number of consecutive errors occur during these tests for a given operations master. This monitor tests the primary domain controller (PDC) emulator operations master every time it runs. The other operations masters are tested less frequently (as adjusted by a script parameter), unless an error occurred the last time a test was performed. In this case, the test is performed every interval until it completes successfully.
See associated alerts for details.


text:
Skip to Main Content
The application of the optimization technique known as dynamic programming to the design of "thinned" arrays with unequally-spaced elements is described. Dynamic programming is a systematic procedure for efficiently utilizing the capabilities of modern high-speed digital computing machines to find solutions to problems not computationally feasible by conventional means. In this paper it is applied to the design of linear arrays of 25 elements spaced within a 50 wavelength aperture. The results obtained compare favorably with similar results found by other design techniques. The effect on the sidelobes of varying the angular region of optimization and the spacing-quantization is also explored.
Date of Publication: Jan 1964


text:
94a. Archeological Investigations at Jewel Cave
National Monument Custer County, South Dakota 2000-2003
Bruce A. Jones
Midwest Archeological Center personnel undertook limited evaluative
test excavations at nine recorded historic and prehistoric sites
in Jewel Cave National Monument as part of a three-year field project
conducted in 2000-2002, followed by a written synthesis that was
begun in 2003. The sites which were examined in the Monument included
nine with prehistoric components, and three with evidence of both
prehistoric and historic occupations.
The nine prehistoric sites included five that lay in springside
settings, one that lay atop a high ridge overlooking a canyon, one
rock shelter, and two sites on a canyon floor. None of the prehistoric
sites in the Monument produced large quantities of cultural material.
Instead, they reflect repeated short-term occupation and use of
specific settings that ensured success in food and other resource
exploitation, and appear to reflect part of a long-lived seasonal
round by small groups of hunter-gatherers. The presence of non-local
lithic materials at several of these sites further documents the
movement of these populations throughout the Plains. The prehistoric
components studied thus far at Jewel Cave range in age from as early
as the Middle Plains Archaic to as recently as the Late Prehistoric.
Based upon four radiocarbon assays of charcoal collected from these
sites, the Monument occupations date from 4500-4200 BC until roughly
The major historic site in the Monument is that of 39CU844, the
Jewel Cave Hotel, the location where a complex of structures was
built to accommodate visitors to the cave in the early twentieth
century. Testing at the hotel site produced artifactual material
that both predates and post-dates the probable time span of its
use, but is completely consistent with the general time period
of occupation. The site has been heavily impacted by cleanup efforts
that were undertaken in the 1930s by Emergency Conservation Work
Act (later Civilian Conservation Corps) personnel and by the construction
of U.S. Highway 16.
Due to the sensitive
nature of this subject this report is available to professional
archeologists only. If you order this manuscript we may contact
you for verification of your profession.


text:
Code of practice for managing particulate matter emissions in the potash sector: chapter 3
Official title: Code of practice for the management of PM2.5 emissions in the potash sector in Canada
3. Sources of particulate matter
Sector data indicates that dryers generate roughly half of the sector total particulate matter (TPM) emissions, compactors generate about a third, and remaining sources account for the rest. These estimated emissions categorized by source are shown in Table 3-1.
|Source category||Estimated contribution to TPM emissions (%)|
* Source: Hatch Consulting Engineering and Project Implementation. 2008. Environment Canada, Mining and Processing Division Canadian Potash Mining Sector Foundation Report.
As can be seen from Table 3-1, the main TPM emission sources are associated with drying and compacting activities. However, some of the lesser emission sources are not insignificant and must be considered as well. Therefore the main focus of this code will be the optimum operation of the PM2.5 emission abatement equipment, and environmental management practices associated with all identified sources.
The majority of PM2.5 emission sources from potash facilities in Canada are equipped with wet scrubbers for emission abatement. Emissions from wet scrubbers may contain water droplets and these water droplets can interfere with stack testing equipment designed for the measurement of PM2.5. Therefore the available PM2.5 data is not considered as reliable as that for TPM. Nevertheless, an approximate correlation normally exists between TPM and PM2.5 emissions. Accordingly the code focuses on the major TPM emission sources identified in Table 3-2, and by extension the PM2.5 emissions from these sources should also be reasonably well controlled by the practices recommended by the Code.
The emission sources associated with the mining and processing activities defined in Section 2 are identified and listed in table 3-2 below. The sources which are identified as sources of PM2.5 emissions are designated S1 to S8 for the purposes of identification in Table S-1: List of recommendations, and Section 4: Recommended PM2.5 emission control practices.
- wet crushing
- scrubbing and removal of fine tailings
- heavy media separation and
|Conventional underground mining: Subsurface operations (S1)||There are some PM2.5 emissions associated with mining underground. These emissions, from operations such as primary crushing, material handling, the use of diesel trucks, and from mine air heating fuel combustion, discharge to atmosphere through the production shaft. However, these emissions are minor compared to the other activities.|
|Solution mining: Well drilling (S2)||Drilling of wells to develop a series of horizontal subsurface caverns to progressively extract the saturated solution requires drilling equipment. PM2.5 emissions may be associated with diesel engines used to run the drilling equipment. This is a relatively minor source within a facility.|
|Conventional underground mining: Dry crushing (S3)||Dry crushing generates some PM2.5 emissions, but this a relatively minor source within a facility.|
|Conventional underground mining: Evaporation and crystallization (S4)||Boilers are used to provide steam for these processes. Boiler fuel combustion exhaust contains some PM2.5 but is minor considering the fuel is natural gas.|
|Conventional underground mining: Drying (S5)||Drying generates PM2.5 emissions and these are controlled by dedicated dryer emission control devices, usually wet scrubbers and electrostatic precipitators.|
|Conventional underground mining: Screening (S6)||Screening can generate PM2.5 emissions but these are usually controlled as part of general area ventilation systems.|
|Conventional underground mining: Compacting (S7)||Compacting generates PM2.5 emissions and these are controlled by dedicated compactor emission control devices, usually baghouses.|
|Conventional underground mining: Material handling (S8)||Material handling operations generate PM2.5 emissions but are generally enclosed. Some points have control devices.|
Report a problem or mistake on this page
- Date modified:


text:
Carter Aviation Technologies LLC, working in conjunction with Carter Aerospace Development LLC, has made significant progress as performance flight testing of its Slowed-Rotor/Compound prototype, the proof of concept demonstrator, continues, the company announced.
The proof of concept is a variant of the company's four-passenger vertical takeoff and landing aircraft, known as the SR/C 4-Place PAV.
The proof of concept is continuing to expand the high speed/slowed rotor envelope, the company said in a news release. During November, performance flight testing yielded the following results:
■ Rotor slowed to 106 rpm.
■ By significantly slowing the rotor rpm (to less than half that of a comparably sized helicopter), thus far, a lift-to-drag value of 12 — around 2½ times better than the most efficient helicopters. Lift-to-drag is a measure of the efficiency of an aircraft (lift or weight divided by drag or thrust). Higher lift-to-drag ratios are related to enhanced speed, fuel economy, climb performance and glide ratio.
■ An advance ratio of 0.85. The advance ratio is calculated by dividing the forward airspeed of the aircraft by the tip speed of the rotor. As the rotor rpm is reduced, the advance ratio increases. As the advance ratio increases, drag on the rotor decreases dramatically (resulting in increased efficiency).
■ These achievements clear the way for the proof of concept to achieve speeds in excess of 200 knots at 25,000 feet and 350 horsepower with the test weight of 3,950 pounds.
Additionally, the proof of concept has proved its VTOL capability, achieved speeds in excess of 140 knots on 200 horsepower and an altitude of 12,000 feet, the company said.
The company said it will continue to expand the high speed/slowed rotor envelope at ever-increasing altitudes, and will gather more data on flight efficiencies under those conditions.


Why is "Data Source" grayed out when I try to import?
Table of Contents
Some IMW configurations require that multiple ascii files be specified for import. When a configuration of this type is loaded (at import time) the "Data Source" button is grayed out and indicates "n/a".
The Intersection Magic importer is capable of importing data from multiple files or "tables" and merging them together. When properly set up, the import dialog box will "know" that it needs multiple files (and therefore import definitions and cng files) and will disable the "Data Source" button. This is to make sure that you are required to specify multiple file names.
In order to import data when multiple files are used, simply select Ok in the import dialog box. Instead of the standard "Begin Importing?" question, it will prompt you for each of the files that it needs. After specifying these files, you will be prompted to begin importing.
The log files will reflect that this was a multi-file import.
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text:
A Study of a Simplified Theory of Gravity Concentration in Coal Jigs
R. P. CHARBONNIER
To understand the operation of jigs and other separating processes based on differences in gravity, it is desirable to analyse the motion of various particles in given media under specific conditions. A summary of the earlier theories shows that they lead to unsatisfactory or excessively complicated formulae in cases such as coal jigging. By adopting a simplified theory of the motion of particles in a fluid, the size and duration of the initial accelerated motion of a particle falling in hindered settling can be calculated. Based on this mathematical analysis, examples referring to actual coal jigging practice show that it is desirable to prolong and / or repeat, as frequently as possible, the optimum conditions corresponding to an effective acceleration of the particles. The separation is then obtained according to gravity rather than to particle dimensions, as would be the case if the velocity of the particles were allowed to approach its terminal value. To achieve this gravity separation, it is suggested that the suction phase of the jigging cycle be artificially prolonged and the frequency of pulsations increased as much as possible for washing the coals of smaller sizes.
Coal, Density, Fluids, Gravity, Gravity concentration, Jigging, jigging, Reynolds number, specific gravity, Stokes' law, terminal velocity, particles, Phase, Resistance, Terminals


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StringCmp - method of object Pm
Description:
Returns a result of a comparison of the two strings.
Syntax:
StringCmp(sString1 As String, sString2 As String, [sParams As String]) As Long
Calling:
nRes = Pm.StringCmp(sString1, sString2, sParams)
Parameters:
sString1(String) First string to be compared.
sString2(String) Second string to be compared.
sParams[optional] (String) Additional parameters comparation. Entries are in format KeyVal, for example mode:begin;ic:0;
mode:s;
mode:full; (default) - The two strings are compared for equality. If the strings lenght is different, then these cannot be equal.
mode:begin; - The beginning portion of the first string is compared with the whole second string. It means that the sString1 begins with the sString2.
ic:n; - (IgnoreCase)
ic:0; (default) - The string comparation will work as Case Sensitive.
ic:1; - The string comparation will work as Case Insensitive.
Return Values:
0 - sString1 is not equal to sString2
1 - sString1 is equal to sString2
Note:
The method can also be called in the graphic item events for Web panels.
The method is functional also in Macro expression $.expr and in the onDraw event of the PmiCanvas graphic item.
Example:
JavaScriptVBScriptSelect and copy to clipboard
var nRes = Pm.StringCmp("Windows 10", "Windows 10"); //nRes contains 1
nRes = Pm.StringCmp("Windows 10", "Windows"); //nRes contains 0
nRes = Pm.StringCmp("Windows 10", "Windows", "mode:begin;"); //nRes contains 1
nRes = Pm.StringCmp("WINDOWS 10", "Windows", "mode:begin;"); //nRes contains 0
nRes = Pm.StringCmp("WINDOWS 10", "Windows", "mode:begin;ic:1;"); //nRes contains 1
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Categories: General
What does atu mean in English? If you want to learn atu in English, you will find the translation here, along with other translations from Maori to English. We hope this will help you in learning languages.
Here is atu meaning in English:
additional Edit
away Edit
else Edit
extended Edit
more Edit
off Edit
other Edit
further Edit
furthest Edit
Look at these words in all languages: additional, away, else, extended, more, off, other, further, furthest
Check out other Maori translations to the English language:


text:
How do I know when my model is complete?
Your model in AIM is likely approaching completion when:
- The Information panel contains a complete list of Information used by your business, and you've used all of that Information in your model.
- There's no smoke (literally) coming out of your model — you've ensured that your model complies with all AIM information processing rules.
- You can reliably explain the model to business stakeholders and they recognize and endorse the model.
- You can reliably create AIM stories in your model and find that the model is sufficiently detailed (not too detailed, not too high level) to enable your narrative.
- You have used the Explore panel to review model attributes, and confirmed that your model tags are complete.
- You have created Shaders to help visualize different aspects of your business, including discrete and cumulative processing time, and have identified areas of focus for digital transformation.
- You can reliably build a worksheet containing project work packages and your model is sufficiently granular to enable overlaying of work packages. You can use this portfolio view to identify areas where multiple projects may be seeking to drive change without being aware of each other.


text:
Commercial gas meters are chargeable and here at DS Gas we offer some of the best prices around, which is coupled with support and advice to help you along the way.
GAS METER INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS
In most cases, installing a gas meter tends to involve some background checks to confirm the gas pipe to which a meter would be fitted is suitable.
A commercial site also requires a gas supplier prior to fitting the meter. At DS Gas we can help with both of these elements at no extra charge.
WHAT AFFECTS THE COST OF INSTALLATION?
The cost of a gas meter installation varies depending on the size of the meter required. These vary greatly and start at a U6 (also known as a BK-G6 or G4). A U6 can usually deliver a peak demand / maximum consumption of 64 kW.
Meters then increase in size to a U16, U25, U40, U65, U100, U160 and continue up to much larger bespoke meters, with specially designed gas meter rigs often required.
ESTIMATE PRICE DETAILS
At DS Gas, a U6 meter will start at around the £152.60 mark (low pressure meter only) and increase according to the size of meter required and any other special requirements, such as meter housing / kiosk, concrete base, automated meter reading, or converter.
Medium pressure meters are more expensive due to increased danger and the engineer skills required to manage higher pressure gas installations.


text:
Increased abundance and distribution of eastern redcedar (Juniperns virginiannus), a native species in the Great Plains, has been associated with changes in ecosystem functioning and landscape cover. Knowledge of the main consumers and dispersal agents of eastern red cedar cones is essential to understanding the invasive spread of the species. We examined animal removal of cedar cones in three habitats (tallgrass prairie, eastern red cedar and woodland-prairie margins) in the Cross Timbers ecoregion using three exclosure treatments during autumn and winter. Exclosure treatments excluded study trees from ungulates, from terrestrial rodents and ungulates or from neither (control). Loss of cones from branches varied by a habitat-time interaction, but was not affected by exclosure type. Loss of cones from containers located under experimental trees varied by a habitat-treatment-time interaction. In December and January, cone consumption from containers in no-exclosure treatments was highest in margins, followed by tallgrass prairie and eastern red cedar habitats. We conclude birds consumed the majority of cones from branches and small-and medium-sized mammals consumed cones on the ground. Both birds and mammals likely contribute to the spread of eastern red cedar but at different scales. Limiting invasion of eastern red cedar in forests may require early detection and selective removal of pioneer seedlings in cross timbers and other habitats that attract a high diversity or density of frugivores.
Additional publication details
Differential consumption of eastern red cedar (Juniperus virginiana) by avian and mammalian guilds: Implications for tree invasion


text:
Because of its current listing as CITES 1, avian experts prefer for blue-streaked lories to be placed into well-managed breeding programs to ensure the continued survival of the species. Owners of this species as pets note that they are loving companions and make excellent, quiet pets. People who have owned this species note that blue-streaked lories are loving and affectionate and very playful. They often "dance" by fluffing up their feathers and hopping.
Because blue-streaked lories are active birds, they need as large a cage as possible with plenty of toys to keep them occupied. Part of their diet should consist of good-quality nectar. Blue-streaked lories have a tendency to squirt waste matter and, because their diets contain nectar, the fairly liquid-like waste can make the surrounding area near the pet bird cage dirty. Easy-to-wipe surfaces near the cage, or an aviary where waste can be easily washed off, are good housing options.


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Loan default rates lower in rural communities
It's often said there are no secrets in a small town.
But if the "everyone knows everyone" aspect of small towns has its drawbacks, it may also have a clear upside: well-informed financial transactions.
According to new research by University of Kansas School of Business professor Bob DeYoung, small business loans originated by rural banks default much less frequently than loans originated by urban banks. More specifically, default rates are lowest for the most rural banks, in the most rural communities, and for banks that are located nearest to their customers. In other words, as "ruralness" increases, so does the success rate of bank loans.
DeYoung concludes that this is because rural banks have more access to so-called "soft information" and personal relationships with customers than do urban banks, and because rural communities have higher levels of social capital (i.e. trust, shared networks and cultural similarities) than urban communities. Together, soft information and social capital overcome the fact that there often isn't much hard data on small-business borrowers in rural communities.
"Everyone knows everyone in a small town," DeYoung says, "and that leads to well-informed lending agreements between rural banks and rural businesses. The more rural a bank and community, and the closer the bank is to the customer, the more likely the loan agreement will be successful. Why? Because personal relationships and local expertise matter, and those things can overcome the lack of hard information a lender might have about a small-business client."
As DeYoung explains, commercial banks have always relied on both hard and soft information in deciding whether to make a business loan. But in rural communities, hard data about borrower creditworthiness can be hard to come by. For example, small rural businesses are less likely to have audited financial statements, which reduces the amount of hard data about their creditworthiness. Additionally, the resale market for fixed investments and specialized assets is thin, which makes it difficult to know the value of seized collateral in the case of loan default.
But while hard information is lacking in rural communities, DeYoung says, soft information and social capital are not.
"The social and civic underpinnings of rural commerce are different from those in metro markets," he says. "Rural communities are closer-knit than urban communities, and these personal informational networks extend into the rural business community as well. This gives rural banks a costless endowment of soft information about local businesses and entrepreneurs. Rural banks clearly use this information well, as evidenced by the low default rates on their loans."
DeYoung uses data on 18,000 U.S. Small Business Administration loans originated between 1984 and 2001. These data provide a good test of the value of soft information and lending relationships because SBA borrowers tend to be smaller, younger and more credit-challenged than other small businesses, and because loans during this time period were originated largely before the advent of small business credit scoring and securitization.
DeYoung's findings are important because they help answer the question that has perplexed observers for years: How do rural banks continue to exist when decades-old trends in banking consolidation and urbanization suggest these banks should be disappearing?
"There are two major trends that you'd think would mean the death of rural banks," DeYoung says. "First, the banking industry continues to consolidate. Second, rural economies continue to become smaller and more volatile. And on top of this, nearly all rural banks operate below minimum efficient scale. So based on these factors, you'd think that rural banks would be closing their doors, right? But that's not the case. In fact, 59 percent of remaining banks are located in rural counties, places that account for only 21 percent of the U.S. population. Our findings help explain why."
More broadly, DeYoung's conclusions have implications for elected officials and policymakers aiming to channel credit to small businesses.
"For new and small businesses, access to credit is crucial to their survival," he says. "Of course, contracting with these businesses is risky for lenders, which means lenders must be expert in identifying the creditworthiness of these small businesses. Thus, a key question for researchers and policymakers is, 'Which lenders, and which lending practices, are best at lending to new businesses?' Our research suggests that rural community banks have a comparative advantage when it comes to lending to small businesses, and it's because of soft information and social capital."
Date: 12/03/2012
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text:
Dancer::Serializer::JSON - serializer for handling JSON data
This class is an interface between Dancer's serializer engine abstraction layer and the JSON module.
In order to use this engine, use the template setting:
This can be done in your config.yml file or directly in your app code with the set keyword. This serializer will also be used when the serializer is set to mutable and the correct Accept headers are supplied.
The JSON module will pass configuration variables straight through. Some of these can be useful when debugging/developing your app: pretty and canonical, and others useful with ORMs like DBIx::Class: allow_blessed and convert_blessed. Please consult the JSON documentation for more information and a full list of configuration settings. You can add extra settings to the engines configuration to turn these on. For example:
engines: JSON: allow_blessed: '1' canonical: '1' convert_blessed: '1'
Serialize a data structure to a JSON structure.
Deserialize a JSON structure to a data structure


Siebel Automotive Guide > Managing Collections >
Automating the Cure Process
Letters can be generated for Cure and Notification of Sales (NOS) events. Triggering letter generation through a button click initiates the business service method to call the cure letter generation. Administrators create the correspondence template and define rules before generating the cure letter and then they monitor accounts that meet cure conditions.
Administrators send cure letters to customers who are in default, typically these type of letters explain that their account is delinquent before initiating a vehicle repossession process. In addition to this type of generic letter, administrators can also send letters for notice of sale after repossessing a car from a customer. Administrators first create a correspondence template for these types of letters using Word. Next they add the template to the Correspondence Templates view and then associate the template to existing rules. To select the appropriate template and generate the letter, perform the procedures that follow.
To add correspondence templates
 1. Navigate to Administration - Document > Correspondence Templates view.
 2. In the Templates list, click New File.
 3. In the Choose File dialog, select the template file and click Open.
 4. Repeat Step 2 and Step 3 for each template you want to add.
To associate correspondence templates to rules
 1. Navigate to Administration - Collections > Correspondence Administration view.
 2. Query for the rule that you want to associate the template with, for example Auto_CF*.
 3. Select the record, in the Template field, click the multiple select button to select the correspondence template.
 4. Repeat Step 2 and Step 3 for each correspondence template you want to associate to a rule.
Siebel Automotive Guide