text:
Introduction The Dr Foster Global Comparators Network (GC) aims to improve quality in healthcare by promoting inter-hospital collaboration through sharing of outcome data and benchmarking standards.
This study aims to utilise the GC database to establish whether geographical differences in outcomes exist following high-risk emergency general surgery (EGS) admissions, whilst determining if structural differences between healthcare systems can be linked to high-quality care.
Method Discharge data for a cohort of EGS patients were collated using a pre-determined protocol. Hierarchical logistic regression analysis was performed to examine geographical and structural differences between GC hospitals.
Results 69,490 patients, admitted to 23 centres across Australia, England and the USA with high-risk EGS diagnoses from 2007–2012 were identified. Outcomes including: seven/thirty-day mortality, readmission and length of stay were all superior in the USA.
19,082 patients (27%) underwent emergency abdominal surgery. No geographical differences in mortality were seen at seven-days in this subgroup. Thirty-day mortality (OR = 1.47) readmission (OR = 1.42) and length of stay (OR = 1.98) were all worse in the UK.
Across this cohort, patient factors, (age, pathology and co-morbidity) were significantly associated with worse outcome as were structural factors including: low ITU bed ratios, high unit volume and inter-hospital transfers. Having dedicated EGS teams cleared of elective commitments with formalised handover of patients was associated with shorter length of stay.
Conclusion Post-operative outcomes were similar at seven but not at thirty-days. This may be attributable to better infrastructure and resource allocation towards EGS in the US. The costs associated with this healthcare gain were not measured.
Disclosure of interest None Declared.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
I need to calculate the following
$$20^{_PHONE_} \mod 251$$
I am struggling with that because $251$ is a prime number, so I can't simplify anything and I don't have a clue how to go on. Moreover how do I figure out the period of $[20]_{251}$? Any suggestions, remarks, nudges in the right direction are very appreciated.
share|improve this question
2 Answers 2
Hint: Use Fermat's Little Theorem to find the period of $[20]_{251}$. Then, use this to simplify $20^{_PHONE_}$.
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...and then you're left with $20^{67} \bmod 251$. – Fly by Night Jan 28 '13 at 18:27
Then do some exponentiation by squaring. – Joe Z. Jan 28 '13 at 18:30
How does that help? – Fly by Night Jan 28 '13 at 18:37
If you square 20 six times, then multiply by 400 and then by 20, taking the factor mod 251 each time, you will have calculated $20^{67}$ modulo 251. – Joe Z. Jan 28 '13 at 19:00
If you do not know the little theorem, a painful but -I thinkstill plausible method is to observe that $2^{10} = 1024 \equiv 20$, and $10^3 = 1000 \equiv -4$. Then, we may proceed like this:
$20^{_PHONE_} = 2^{_PHONE_}10^{_PHONE_} = 2^{123456\times 10 + 7}10^{411522\times 3 + 1} = 1280\times 1024^{123456}1000^{411522} \equiv 1280\times 20^{123456}4^{411522}$.
Observe that after one pass, we are still left with the powers of $2$ and the powers of $20$ that we can handle with the same equivalences above.
We still have to make some calculations obviously (divisions etc), but it is at least not as hopeless as before.
share|improve this answer
Your Answer


Why Does a Putt Lip Out?
This week's Q&A was published in Dear Frank…Answers to 100 of Your Golf Equipment Questions
Hello Frank,
Can you please explain why a putt lips out of the hole? Is it because it is going too fast or because it is rolling with side-spin instead of end over end? And, of course, how do I keep it from happening?!
– Anne
If the ball is directed toward the center of the hole at the correct speed (approximately 1 1/2 mph), it will fall into the hole, touching the back of the hole-liner on its way to where it truly belongs — i.e., the bottom of the cup. This is our final objective when we tee it up on every hole.
If it is going too fast (above 3+ mph), it will bounce off the back edge of the cup and over the hole. So speed is important; when you practice putting, on your misses the ball should end up about 12 to 18 inches behind the hole on a flat putt, which would indicate that even though you didn't have the right line at least you had the correct speed.
The odds are that if you are short with your putts, they will not go in, so try to get enough speed on the putt to get it at least over the edge of the hole or a little beyond it. If it "dies" in the hole it is going slowly enough to be affected by "precession" (a hard right or left turn at the end of a breaking putt).
Now when your line is slightly off and the ball rolls around the edge only to "lip out," it is because, for that line (an off-center near miss), it was going too fast. If the ball is moving more slowly, it could fall in the 'side door' or even do a 180. It has nothing to do with side-spin, which you may have put onto the ball immediately after impact.
Putts begin with a little bit of backspin or topspin (never pure rolling spin). The ball then skids until it gets pure rolling spin. At this point any side-spin initially applied at impact will be turned into pure rolling spin. So you can forget about the affect of side-spin when the ball gets to the hole.
I recommend that putters have a 4-degree loft, (which I designed into the Frankly Frog Putter) because this will lift the ball out of the depression in which it has inevitably come to rest on the green. A lower lofted putter may drive the ball into the rim of this slight depression and tend to make it jump, which may deflect it slightly off line. A 4-degree loft will control the very small amount of spin off the putter and avoid any inconsistent initial jumping.
For a little better understanding of what happens to the ball after it leaves the putter be sure to check out the "Understanding Your Putter" section of The Fundamentals of Putting
Anne, lip outs are purely a matter of direction and speed and have nothing to do with side-spin. Thank you for asking the question; now you can give your friends, who believe that it has something to do with side-spin, a little lip of your own.
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Microsoft TechFest: The low power data center
Racks of servers demonstrated prototypes of low-power processors for data centers that deliver one-third to half the performance of high-performance processors while consuming only 5 percent to 10 percent as much power. So, how much power can data center save?
"In addition to requiring far less energy – 5 watts versus 50 to 100 watts for a processor typically used in a data centerlow-power processors also have quiescent states that consume little energy and can be awakened quickly," explained Dan Reed, director of Scalable and Multicore Systems for Cloud Computing Futures. "These states are used in the sleep and hibernate features of laptops and netbooks. With our current Atom processor, its energy consumption when running is 28 to 34 watts, but in the sleep or hibernate state, it consumes 3 to 4 watts, a reduction of 10 times in the energy consumption of idle processors."
Brought to you by and FirstDigest


text:
More than a quarter (27%) of SMEs view economic uncertainty as their primary concern, with their overall confidence having fallen to a four-year low. This is according to Lloyds Bank's latest Business in Britain report; so why are companies bracing themselves for the worst?
Economic uncertainty: the biggest worry
The banking giant's confidence index suggests that small firms have become more worried about the economic climate in the wake of Brexit. A net 12% felt positive over negative, which represents a 26-point decline since January when the previous survey was completed.
Tim Hinton, Lloyds' Managing Director of Mid Markets and SME Banking, said that falling confidence "should be viewed in the context of the recent economic and political shocks". "The EU referendum vote has introduced a level of uncertainty for companies as the UK decides on the best model for its future relationship with the EU", Mr Hinton explained, "and this is likely to continue for the foreseeable future."
While business confidence has declined, Mr Hinton added, levels aren't as low as they were at the time of the economic crisis of 2008/09.
Other SME concerns
Economic uncertainty aside, the Business in Britain report – which had more than 1,500 respondents, with the majority from the SME sector –revealed that small firms are also concerned about weaker domestic demand and falling levels of investment. This may affect how many people SMEs employ, with -1% of respondents saying they expect to increase staff numbers over the next few months. This is down by 14 points since January.
G-10 Economist at Lloyds Hann-Ju Ho believes the figures suggest economic growth will be "slow" over the following six months despite "a relatively robust performance" at the beginning of 2016. "Even though inflation is expected to pick up as a result of the weaker pound", Mr Ho said, "this may be offset by the survey findings of a fall in capacity pressures within firms and a fall in recruitment difficulties."
If you're an SME owner who's worried about the post-Brexit economic outlook, contact Dukes Bailiffs to find out how our ethical debt recovery services can help to future proof your business.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


- Art Gallery -
- Art Gallery -
Baddeleyite
Baddeleyite is a rare zirconium oxide mineral (ZrO2 or zirconia), occurring in a variety of monoclinic prismatic crystal forms. It is transparent to translucent, has high indices of refraction (nα = 2.130, nβ = 2.190, and nγ = 2.200), and ranges from colorless to yellow, green, and dark brown. The mineral has a specific gravity of 5.5 to 6 and a Mohs hardness of 6.5. Baddeleyite is a refractory mineral, with a melting point of 2 700 °C. Hafnium is a substituting impurity and may be present in quantities ranging from 0.1 to several percents.
Baddeleyite was first described in 1892 from Sri Lanka, and Minas Gerais and Jacupiranga, São Paulo, Brazil. It was named after Joseph Baddeley, who described the occurrences in Sri Lanka.[1]
Baddeleyete is often found as detrital grains in gravels. Its primary occurrence is in high temperature veins and in syenite, carbonatite, kimberlite, and lamproite intrusions. Because of their refractory nature and stability under diverse conditions, baddeleyete grains, along with zircon, are used for uranium-lead radiometric age determinations.
See also
* List of minerals
* List of minerals named after people
* Zircon, ZrSiO4
References
1. ^ a b _URL_ Handbook of Mineralogy
2. ^ _URL_ Webmineral data
3. ^ _URL_ Mindat
* Minweb with chime structure
* Bill Cordura, University of Wisconsin
* Early rocks to reveal their ages, BBC News
List of minerals
Minerals Images
Retrieved from "_URL_
All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License
Index
Scientificlib.com
Scientificlib News


Top tips for avoiding Chinese customs delays
According to the Foreign & Commonwealth Office, the value of UK exports to China have quadrupled between 2002 and 2012 and now stand at more than £12.5 billion, annually.
Any delivery into China has to go through Chinese Customs, and with that in mind, cross-border courier firm ParcelHero has put shared it's top three tips for avoiding customs hold-ups when sending shipments to China.
1: List each item on the Customs Invoice
The Customs Invoice or Customs Document is a crucial part of the customs clearance process for parcels to China. Customs Invoices should detail the items you are sending, their individual value and the reason you are sending them. The biggest mistake senders can make is to not list each item on the Customs Invoice.
ParcelHero's Head of Public Relations, David Jinks, says: "Many people will simply declare the contents of their parcel using one word, such as "Gift". They are unaware that Chinese Customs need more information about what is actually being shipped. When information is missing from the invoice it causes clearance delays. It's important to remember that Customs are a government authority and their rules are final and not negotiable.'
2: Provide valid contact details for the receiver
Chinese Customs authorities will contact your receiver as part of the Customs clearance process. This is a standard clearance protocol as China has extensive import regulations. The receiver or recipient of your parcel may be required to provide additional information to Chinese Customs. This could be an import licence, or confirmation of the reason for import. Therefore it's extremely important that you provide a valid telephone number and email address for your receiver in China when you book your parcel online. If customs are unable to contact your receiver then they will not be able to clear the goods for delivery.
3: Be aware of the Customs import regulations
Each country has different rules and regulations for what you can and cannot import. People are often unaware that they are responsible for ensuring the items they send to China are actually permitted for import into the country. Some items are prohibited, whilst other items may have specific restrictions in place in terms of quantities or values, so it's really important customers check the import rules and regulations for China prior to shipping. It's too late to check the rules after you have sent your parcel, and this could result in fines applied by Customs, or return shipping charges if your parcel is to be sent back.
goatChinese New Year will be celebrated around the world this week, as the Year of the Horse makes way for the Year of the Goat on 19 February.
The Year of the Goat is also referred to as the Year of the Sheep, and although this has led to some disagreements, it is generally accepted that both are names for the lunar new year. The symbol for the new year is 'yang' which can be used to refer to any sheep or goat.
According to some superstitions, most people born in the year of the sheep, or goat, will lead unhappy lives. Other superstitions around Chinese new year say that if you want to be lucky, you mustn't wash your hair on the first day of the new year, and you should wear red undies. Make of that what you will.


Главная / Zend Manual Core
Using Google Spreadsheets
Using Google Apps Provisioning
Google Apps is a service which allows domain administrators to offer their users managed access to Google services such as Mail, Calendar, and Docs & Spreadsheets. The Provisioning API offers a programmatic interface to configure this service. Specifically, this API allows administrators the ability to create, retrieve, update, and delete user accounts, nicknames, groups, and email lists.
This library implements version 2.0 of the Provisioning API. Access to your account via the Provisioning API must be manually enabled for each domain using the Google Apps control panel. Only certain account types are able to enable this feature.
For more information on the Google Apps Provisioning API, including instructions for enabling API access, refer to the » Provisioning API V2.0 Reference.
Note: Authentication
The Provisioning API does not support authentication via AuthSub and anonymous access is not permitted. All HTTP connections must be authenticated using ClientAuth authentication.
Setting the current domain
In order to use the Provisioning API, the domain being administered needs to be specified in all request URIs. In order to ease development, this information is stored within both the Gapps service and query classes to use when constructing requests.
Setting the domain for the service class
To set the domain for requests made by the service class, either call setDomain() or specify the domain when instantiating the service class. For example:
 1. $domain = "example.com";
 2. $gdata = new Zend_Gdata_Gapps($client, $domain);
Setting the domain for query classes
Setting the domain for requests made by query classes is similar to setting it for the service class-either call setDomain() or specify the domain when creating the query. For example:
 1. $domain = "example.com";
 2. $query = new Zend_Gdata_Gapps_UserQuery($domain, $arg);
When using a service class factory method to create a query, the service class will automatically set the query's domain to match its own domain. As a result, it is not necessary to specify the domain as part of the constructor arguments.
 1. $domain = "example.com";
 2. $gdata = new Zend_Gdata_Gapps($client, $domain);
 3. $query = $gdata->newUserQuery($arg);
Interacting with users
Each user account on a Google Apps hosted domain is represented as an instance of Zend_Gdata_Gapps_UserEntry. This class provides access to all account properties including name, username, password, access rights, and current quota.
Creating a user account
User accounts can be created by calling the createUser() convenience method:
 1. $gdata->createUser('foo', 'Random', 'User', '••••••••');
Users can also be created by instantiating UserEntry, providing a username, given name, family name, and password, then calling insertUser() on a service object to upload the entry to the server.
 1. $user = $gdata->newUserEntry();
 2. $user->login = $gdata->newLogin();
 3. $user->login->username = 'foo';
 4. $user->login->password = '••••••••';
 5. $user->name = $gdata->newName();
 6. $user->name->givenName = 'Random';
 7. $user->name->familyName = 'User';
 8. $user = $gdata->insertUser($user);
The user's password should normally be provided as cleartext. Optionally, the password can be provided as an SHA-1 digest if login->passwordHashFunction is set to 'SHA-1'.
Retrieving a user account
Individual user accounts can be retrieved by calling the retrieveUser() convenience method. If the user is not found, NULL will be returned.
 1. $user = $gdata->retrieveUser('foo');
 2.
 3. echo 'Username: ' . $user->login->userName . "\n";
 4. echo 'Given Name: ' . $user->name->givenName . "\n";
 5. echo 'Family Name: ' . $user->name->familyName . "\n";
 6. echo 'Suspended: ' . ($user->login->suspended ? 'Yes' : 'No') . "\n";
 7. echo 'Admin: ' . ($user->login->admin ? 'Yes' : 'No') . "\n"
 8. echo 'Must Change Password: ' .
 9. ($user->login->changePasswordAtNextLogin ? 'Yes' : 'No') . "\n";
 10. echo 'Has Agreed To Terms: ' .
 11. ($user->login->agreedToTerms ? 'Yes' : 'No') . "\n";
Users can also be retrieved by creating an instance of Zend_Gdata_Gapps_UserQuery, setting its username property to equal the username of the user that is to be retrieved, and calling getUserEntry() on a service object with that query.
 1. $query = $gdata->newUserQuery('foo');
 2. $user = $gdata->getUserEntry($query);
 3.
 4. echo 'Username: ' . $user->login->userName . "\n";
 5. echo 'Given Name: ' . $user->login->givenName . "\n";
 6. echo 'Family Name: ' . $user->login->familyName . "\n";
 7. echo 'Suspended: ' . ($user->login->suspended ? 'Yes' : 'No') . "\n";
 8. echo 'Admin: ' . ($user->login->admin ? 'Yes' : 'No') . "\n"
 9. echo 'Must Change Password: ' .
 10. ($user->login->changePasswordAtNextLogin ? 'Yes' : 'No') . "\n";
 11. echo 'Has Agreed To Terms: ' .
 12. ($user->login->agreedToTerms ? 'Yes' : 'No') . "\n";
If the specified user cannot be located a ServiceException will be thrown with an error code of Zend_Gdata_Gapps_Error::ENTITY_DOES_NOT_EXIST. ServiceExceptions will be covered in the exceptions chapter.
Retrieving all users in a domain
To retrieve all users in a domain, call the retrieveAllUsers() convenience method.
 1. $feed = $gdata->retrieveAllUsers();
 2.
 3. foreach ($feed as $user) {
 4. echo " * " . $user->login->username . ' (' . $user->name->givenName .
 5. ' ' . $user->name->familyName . ")\n";
 6. }
This will create a Zend_Gdata_Gapps_UserFeed object which holds each user on the domain.
Alternatively, call getUserFeed() with no options. Keep in mind that on larger domains this feed may be paged by the server. For more information on paging, see the paging chapter.
 1. $feed = $gdata->getUserFeed();
 2.
 3. foreach ($feed as $user) {
 4. echo " * " . $user->login->username . ' (' . $user->name->givenName .
 5. ' ' . $user->name->familyName . ")\n";
 6. }
Updating a user account
The easiest way to update a user account is to retrieve the user as described in the previous sections, make any desired changes, then call save() on that user. Any changes made will be propagated to the server.
 1. $user = $gdata->retrieveUser('foo');
 2. $user->name->givenName = 'Foo';
 3. $user->name->familyName = 'Bar';
 4. $user = $user->save();
Resetting a user's password
A user's password can be reset to a new value by updating the login->password property.
 1. $user = $gdata->retrieveUser('foo');
 2. $user->login->password = '••••••••';
 3.


Garmaine Staff asked 1 year ago
So i am trying to find a way how to link two or more sounds together. im not sure how to explain it, but its basicly starting the sound2 while the sound1 is playing after time x. And finally writing this in a file.
I did an example of what i mean in Audacity that you can imagine better
as you can see the sounds can be the same but dont must!
Thank you for every answer
PS: Don't know if this is relevant, but i could do this already without saving into a file, just with playing, with mulithreading and the Thread.sleep(millis) function.


text: Weak memory models provide a complex, system-centric semantics for concurrent programs, while transactional memory (TM) provides a simpler, programmer-centric semantics. Both have been studied in detail, but their combined semantics is not well understood. This is problematic because such widely-used architectures and languages as x86, Power, and C++ all support TM, and all have weak memory models. Our work aims to clarify the interplay between weak memory and TM by extending existing axiomatic weak memory models (x86, Power, ARMv8, and C++) with new rules for TM. Our formal models are backed by automated tooling that enables (1) the synthesis of tests for validating our models against existing implementations and (2) the model-checking of TM-related transformations, such as lock elision and compiling C++ transactions to hardware. A key finding is that a proposed TM extension to ARMv8 currently being considered within ARM Research is incompatible with lock elision without sacrificing portability or performance.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Initial Geophysical Survey
Geophysical survey is a technique that allows us to gain an impression of what lies beneath the soil and, at once, learn about the layout of many buried buildings at Portus. The earliest phase of AHRC-funded research at the site comprised a survey of the whole core area of the port and its hinterland to the east: this work formed part of the Roman Towns in te Middle and Lower Tiber Valley. It began in 1998, was completed in 2004 and was subsequently published (Keay et al. 2005). It entailed a magnetometer study which systematically recorded localized magnetic anomalies relating to buried buildings to a depth of 1.2m. The survey covered 220 hectares and revealed new buildings, therein adding detail to known structures clustering around the Claudian and Trajanic basins. It also provided new information about the hinterland of the port lying between the hexagonal Trajanic basin and the Tiber, including evidence of the line of an aqueduct, road and canal, warehouses and a river port.
Results of the _PHONE_ geophysical survey
Interpretations of the _PHONE_ geophysical survey (Keay et al. 2005)


text:
Education and Community
> WHAT IS_? OLD
WHAT IS_? Programme
WHAT IS_? is an information programme comprising talks, information booklets and web resources. The purpose of this programme is to introduce key concepts and themes in contemporary art to the general public. Series 1 comprises seven topics supported by a talk, booklet and resource material available to download
An additional series focusing on the 'Materials & Methodologies' of modern and contemporary art is being developed to complement Series 1 and to provide supplementary information to IMMA's collections and exhibitions programmes. What is Photography? is the first in this series of 'Materials and Methodologies'.
What is_ New?
What is Drawing?
Brian Fay, artist and lecturer in DIT, will give a talk about Drawing on Saturday 2 February 2013.
IMMA at Earlsfort Terrace.
Click here to book and for more information
Please click on the link to download the booklet
What is Drawing? (Adobe Acrobat Reader 6.0 pdf - 807KB)
Previous talks in the series and booklets to download
To download the booklets from the talks series please click on the following links:
What is Modern Art and What is Contemporary Art? November 2009
Francis Halsall and Declan Long, Department of Visual Culture, National College of Art and Design.
What is Modern and Contemporary Art? (Adobe Acrobat Reader 6.0 pdf - 455KB)
Please note new booklet will be available to download next week.
What is Conceptual Art? November 2009
Mick Wilson, Dean of the Graduate School of Creative Arts and Media (GradCAM)
What is Conceptual Art? (Adobe Acrobat Reader 6.0 pdf - 483KB)
What is New Media Art? January 2010
Maeve Connolly, Department of Film and Media, Dun Laoghaire Institute of Art, Design and Technology.
What is New Media Art? (Adobe Acrobat Reader 6.0 pdf - 440KB)
What is Participatory and Relational Art? April 2010
Brian Hand, artist, writer and lecturer
What is Participatroy and Relational Art (Adobe Acrobat Reader 7.0 pdf - 463KB)
What is Installation Art? June 2010
Niamh Ann Kelly, lecturer, Dublin Institute of Technology.
What is Installation Art? (Adobe Acrobat Reader 6.0 pdf - 401KB)
What is Public Art? December 2010
Clíodhna Shaffrey, curator and writer.
What is Public Art? (Adobe Acrobat Reader 6.0 pdf - 584KB)
What is Performance Art? Saturday 1 October 2011
Amanda Coogan, artist and PhD Student, University of Ulster and GradCAM.
What is Performance Art? (Adobe Acrobat Reader 6.0 pdf - 614KB)
What is Modern and Contemporary Art? at the Highlanes Gallery, Drogheda
In association with the Irish Museum of Modern Art, the Highlanes Gallery hosted a talk by Francis Halsall and Declan Long on modern and contemporary art on Saturday 29 January 2011 at 12:00noon.
Materials and Methodologies
What is Photography? Saturday 23 July 2011
Fiona Loughnane, art historian and lecturer
What is Photography? (Adobe Acrobat Reader 9.3pdf - 677KB)
Glossary of Art Terms
The following are a select number of terms relating to the subjects of Modern and Contemporary Art. This glossary is not comprehensive or exhaustive and is intended to be informative rather than definitive.
Glossary (Word doc 2003 - 90.5KB)
For further information, please contact Lisa Moran, Curator: Education and Community Programmes, Tel: 01-_PHONE_, Email _EMAIL_ or Sophie Byrne, Assistant Curator: Talks and Lectures Programme, Tel: 01-_PHONE_, Email: _EMAIL_

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Wyn Enterprise User Guide
Wyn Enterprise: Treemap Chart
A Treemap Chart is used to display hierarchical data as a set of nested rectangles organized in a tree-like structure. Data, organized as branches and sub-branches, is depicted with the help of rectangles. With Treemap charts, you can easily drill down huge data to an unlimited number of levels.
The following is a treemap chart where rectangles represent the sales revenue for retailers in various countries. The rectangles are sized according to the sales revenue corresponding to each country.
Example of Treemap chart
Design a Treemap Chart in Wyn Enterprise
From the Dashboard Toolbox, open the Data Visualization node and drag-drop the Treemap Chart scenario onto the design area.
Adding a chart scenario from the Dashboard Toolbox
Bind Dataset to Chart Scenario
With the scenario selected, from the Data Binding tab, select the dataset. Once the dataset is successfully loaded in the designer, the data binding panel automatically expands and displays the data attributes available in the dataset.
The following image shows the chart scenario bound to the 'RetailDataset' dataset.
Adding a dataset to chart scenario
On dragging and dropping the data attributes to the data binding area of the scenario, the chart is plotted accordingly, with a default chart title on the design area.
Chart Scenario with bound attributes
By default, the data labels in the chart scenario are hidden. You can display the data labels in the scenario by setting the Show Data Label property to 'True', with the Value property set to 'True'. To show labels for data attribute bound to 'Details', set Details property to 'True'.
Displaying data labels in the chart scenario
Format Data Attributes
You can format the data attributes and control the display of data by performing a variety of operations such as renaming, modifying data format and display unit, creating a hierarchy field, applying an aggregation method, etc. Using these operations, you can control the display of data attributes in a scenario.
For more information about these operations, see Data Attributes.
In the following image, the data format for the data attribute is modified to display the sales revenue in 'currency'.
Formatting fields in a chart
Analyze Data
Wyn Dashboards scenarios support rich data analysis and exploration capabilities that can help analyze massive amounts of information and make data-driven decisions. For example, adding filters to scenarios, sorting data, applying conditional formatting, etc. Note that you can apply all these operations using the Action Bar corresponding to each scenario in the designer.
For more information, see Data Analysis and Interactivity in Dashboards.
In the following chart scenario, the filter is applied to show data for all the countries, except Netherlands, Sweden, and Finland.
Filtered data in a scenario
Customize Chart Appearance
You can customize the default chart appearance by setting properties in the Inspector tab of the scenario such as adding a border, modifying data labels, setting chart style, renaming chart title, etc.
 1. Set Chart Style
 Customize the chart colors in the scenario by using the Palette property in the Inspector tab. Set the property to a suitable color palette from the list.
 Changing the color palette for the chart scenario
 2. Enable Automatic Carousel
 Enable the automatic carousel effect in the scenario by using the Automatic Carousel property to create a highly interactive and effective dashboard. The automatic carousel effect when enabled, highlights the rectangles one by one. You can specify the time interval for the automatic carousel by using the Interval (seconds) property.
 Changing Axis Titles
 You can see this effect when previewing the dashboard in the Dashboard Viewer.
 Changing Axis Titles


text:
Definition from Wiktionary, the free dictionary
- First attested probably in 1472.
- From Middle English absurdite, then from either Middle French absurdité, or from Late Latin absurditas ("dissonance, incongruity"), from Latin absurdus + + -itas.
- Surface analysis: absurd + -ity
- (obsolete, rare) Dissonance. [Attested from around 1350 to 1470 until the late 17th century.]
- (countable) That which is absurd; an absurd action; a logical contradiction. [First attested in the late 15th century.]
- His travels were full of absurdities. - Johnson
- (uncountable) The quality of being absurd or inconsistent with obvious truth, reason, or sound judgment. [First attested in the early 16th century.]
- The absurdity of the actual idea of an infinite number. - John Locke
- 1992, Rudolf M. Schuster, The Hepaticae and Anthocerotae of North America: East of the Hundredth Meridian, volume V, page viii
- Neither [Jones] […] nor I (in 1966) could conceive of reducing our "science" to the ultimate absurdity of reading Finnish newspapers almost a century and a half old in order to establish "priority."
the quality of being absurd
an absurd action
- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables, removing any numbers. Numbers do not necessarily match those in definitions. See instructions at Help:How to check translations.
- ^ 1984, Urdang, Laurence editor, The Random House College Dictionary, New York, NY: Random House, Inc., ISBN 0-394-43600-8, page 7:
- ^ 1976, Gove, Philip Babcock editor, Webster's Third International Dictionary of the English Language Unabridged, Springfield, MA: G. & C. Merriam Co., ISBN 0-87779-101-5, page 8:
- 2003, Brown, Lesley editor, The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary, edition 5th, Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-860575-7, page 10:


AR# 52881
Configuration - BitStream Encryption - How to create and program an encrypted bitstream
How do I generate an encrypted bitstream and how do I program the encryption keys into the FPGA?
Xilinx FPGAs support several bitstream encryption methods including AES, HMAC and DNA.
These methods are detailed in the FPGA's respective configuration user guide found on
We strongly urge customers to read the configurations user guide to familiarize themselves with where Xilinx stands on bitstream security and what available options there are as well as information on how to implement them.
You will also need to use external encryption devices to protect your design.
You can read the device to get a key and calculate a verification code.
Here is a reference design that details a similar implementation:
Note that this is all that is available regarding this implementation and you will need to modify the reference design and code provided if you chose to pursue this route.
When selecting BBRAM or eFUSE storage options, it is highly recommended that you consider their use properties and what satisfies your design requirements better.
Please refer to the following tables and notes on each of their use advantages/disadvantages.
More on each of these storage options can be found in the respective devices User guide.
The following is general information about bitstream encryption with Xilinx devices.
Virtex-6 and 7-Series devices support the use of both HMAC and AES keys.
Spartan devices only have the AES key option.
Also compression and encryption together are only supported for Virtex-6 and 7 Series devices.
Refer to (Xilinx Answer 37413).
Only the three largest Spartan-6 devices support bitstream Encryption(XC6SLX75 / 75T, XC6SLX100 / 100T & XC6SLX150 / 150T).
The HMAC key is included in bitstream and does not need to be programmed to FPGA unlike the AES key.
The HMAC key is contained in the same NKY key file as the AES encryption key as well as the BIT file.
Users can perform readback through the ICAP interface even if bitstream encryption is used.
An unencrypted bitstream can be loaded to configure the device even when a device holds an encryption key, given that POR or PROG asserted first clearing out the configuration memory.
Note that once the FUSE_CNTL[0] bit is programmed, only bitstreams encrypted with the eFUSE key can be used to configure the FPGA.
The NKY files can be either supplied to BitGen or created in BitGen by supplying the keys.
If a HMAC key is not supplied, BitGen automatically generates one for you.
However, the key is however not loaded into the FPGA device directly via JTAG like the AES key.
It is contained and protected (wrapped) by the encrypted bitstream.
During the on-chip decryption process, this HMAC key is extracted from the bitstream and used by the authentication algorithm (i.e., no on-chip key storage for the HMAC key is required).
The NKY file format is: KEY HMAC/(0 for AES) (256 bit HMAC/AES key)
The following is an example NKY file:
The StartCBC BitGen setting is an option and not mandatory.
Xilinx AES bitstream encryption uses a technique called Cipher Block Chaining (CBC) with a 256-bit AES key.
CBC ensures that two different parts of the bitstream that have the same actual values (for example, all zeros) encrypt to different patterns.
This prevents an attacker from decrypting xilinx bitstream based on seen patterns.
CBC needs a starting random number (Initialization Vector).
AES/HMAC KEY Flow for BBRAM & EFUSE(ISE/Vivado & IMPACT/HW-Session):
1) Enable the Encryption BitGen setting after implementing the design.
2) Select BBRAM or EFuse for the Encryption scheme, then enter the HMAC and/or AES Key and run BitGen to generate an NKY(key) and/or BIT(config) file.
 - Both HMAC and AES keys are required for Virtex 6 and 7 series devices.
 - If you have the Encryption enabled but do not specify the keys or the AES initial vector, BitGen will randomly generate them.
Note: See (UG908) for more info on Programming and Debugging with the Vivado Flow.
Bitstream options in Vivado are set in the design itself via the design's XDC file.
Follow the below steps to enable and set bitstream encryption for your Vivado design:
1) Open your design post-Synthesis or post-Implementation and open your XDC by double clicking it under the constraints drop down from the project sources window.
2) In your XDC file set the following property to enable bit stream encryption:
set_property BITSTREAM.ENCRYPTION.ENCRYPT Yes [current_design]
3) Reference Table A-1 of "Device Configuration Bitstream Settings" section in (UG908) to similarly set the rest of the encryption options in your XDC or Tcl script.
4) An example would look like below:
Note: These can also be set via Tcl and be reflected in the XDC, either by using the Tcl console or scripting in Tcl.
5) After generating the bitstream you can either launch iMPACT or open a Hardware Session and follow one of the below sections.
Note: To report all of the BITSTREAM properties you can use the following to list all bit-stream properties.
report_property -all [current_design] BITSREAM*
You can be even more exclusive and use:
report_property -all [current_design] BITSREAM.CONFIG*
report_property -all [current_design] BITSREAM.ENCRYPTION*
If the default values are listed, you can use the following for each property you want check.
list_property_value -default [current_design]
Programming the Encrypted Bitstream Via IMPACT and Vivado Hardware session:
1) First, download the NKY file to the FPGA in the same way as you would a BIT file using the "assign configuration file" right click option on the selected device.
Note: The NKY file should be generated in the same project directory as the BIT file.
2) Then you can configure the FPGA with the Encrypted or non-Encrypted BIT file, in which case the key is ignored.
Please refer to the Configuration user guides or (Xilinx Answer 39389) for different configuration options that free up or become restricted when using an Encrypted vs non Encrypted bitstream with AES key.
Hardware Session:
1) Launch a Hardware Session under Program and Debug in the Flow Navigator window.
2) Open an existing/recent hardware target or connect to a new one via the Connection Wizard.
3) set the appropriate hardware properties as per the device/board.
4) Assign the NKY file and the BIT files as shown below by right clicking on your target device.
AES/HMAC KEY switches (Command Line) and description for BBRAM & EFUSE:
ISE BitGen Option Settings & CMD Line Switches for Encryption:
Example Commands:
-g Encrypt: Encrypt Bitstream Enable/Disable to encrypt the bitstream.
-g HKey: HMAC Key (Hex String) Allows a HMAC key to be specified. Will be written into the Key file.
-g KeyFile: Input Encryption Key File Contains part AES key and part AES initial vector. BitGen creates random key and vector if not specified.
-g startCBC: AES Initial Vector Allows the initial vector to be specified. Will be written into the Key file.
Basic BitGen encryption command for Spartan-6:
bitgen -w -g Encrypt:Yes -g Key0:XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX system.ncd
A more detailed BitGen command for Virtex-6 or 7 series device:
bitgen -w -g Encrypt:Yes -g EncryptKeySelect:efuse -g Key0:XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX -g HKey:XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX -g compress system.ncd system.bit system.pcf
A more complicated command using different available options:
bitgen -w -g Security:Level2 -g Encrypt:Yes -g KeyFile:XXX.nky -g StartCBC:XXXXXXXX -g JTAG_SysMon:Disable -g compress system.ncd system.bit system.pcf
Please Refer to the 14.4 Command Line Users Guide for more information regarding additional BitGen options/switches.
Please Refer to XAPP1084 for more detailed information regarding Bitstream Encryption/Decryption for Virtex-6 and 7 Series.
AR# 52881
Date 06/09/2015
Status Active
Type Solution Center
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text: Differential thermal analysis (DTA) has been applied to the examination of a variety of glasses and glass-glass reactions. The method is described and results that were obtained which illustrate the usefulness of the technique are shown. Reversible and nonreversible latent heat anomalies have been observed in glass which are believed coincident with the glass transition, phase separation, devitrification processes, and dissolution of crystalline phases. The heat effect believed to be associated with the glass transition is reproducible, reversible and different for different glasses, and is observed as an endotherm on heating and an exotherm upon cooling. The change in the thermal glass transition temperature (Tt) as a function of composition was found to be sensitive to within approximately a 1% variation of one of the constituents of the glass enabling the determination of a "glass transition phase diagram" for two interacting glasses. The technique has shown itself to be a useful tool in quality control of raw glasses and in monitoring glass forming processes. © 1975 American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers, Inc.


text:
Heliodyne is a leading manufacturer of quality solar water heating equipment for residential and commercial applications. Committed to making thermal solar energy the most environmentally sound and cost-effective source of energy, Heliodyne manufacturers a variety of solar water heating products, including the Gobi line of solar plate collectors and Helio-Pak heat transfer appliances.
An important component of a solar water heating system is the controller. In order to operate efficiently, a solar water heating system requires a controller to monitor the system, read the sensors and signal the pumps when to turn on and off. In early versions of Heliodyne's systems, the products could only provide basic control functions such as an on/off switch, timers and resisters that react to temperature readings to turn on/off a relay.
Approximately 1 1⁄2 years ago, Heliodyne decided to engineer a more advanced control to provide greater functionality and enable more complex heating systems. As part of this new system, Heliodyne selected the RabbitCore® RCM5450W core module for network connectivity and intelligent control. The RCM5450W provides control of the printed circuit board (PCB) with relays, stubs, and sensor inputs and outputs, and also provides communication to the network via Wi-Fi. This allows Heliodyne's customers to remotely monitor and manage their solar water heating systems by connecting to Heliodyne's servers via the Internet.
"We are currently the only American manufacturer to offer remote energy monitoring and control," said Mike Starkey, lead engineer, Heliodyne. "The Rabbit products are super easy to use and enabled us to offer an advanced program and controller that gives us something truly unique in the market."
Remote Monitoring From Anywhere
The RCM5450W enables customers to communicate with the Heliodyne systems from anywhere an Internet connection is available. Customers connect the Heliodyne systems to their networks via Wi-Fi. The systems can then collect and send data back to Heliodyne's server for easy remote access. People can simply access data from a webpage to monitor performance and make any necessary changes. This provides improved system reliability and efficiency, and makes system maintenance easy.
"The newer system is nice for homeowners in consumer applications," Starkey said. "Customers can go online and easily see that the system is working and change system parameters from a familiar interface."
The remote monitoring functionality is also a key benefit to installers and utilities. The level of reporting and detail provided by the system makes it easier for utilities to monitor energy savings and encourage sustainable energy consumption via rebate programs. It also allows installers to enhance their businesses by enabling performance based billing models and improves customer service.
"Installers can go online and see from a glance if the system is having any problems," Starkey added. "They can then download an Excel file with the necessary details and generate proactive emails to their customers."
RCM5450W Reduces Development Time by 50 Percent
In addition to creating a competitive advantage, Heliodyne found the RCM5450W to be extremely easy to use. Because the RCM5450W featured all of the necessary web libraries, an embedded web server and FCC certifications, Heliodyne could concentrate on other aspects of the product design leaving the wireless networking and control portion with Rabbit.
"If I had to write all these interfaces it would've been at least twice as much work," Starkey said. "All that CGI stuff was taken out of our hands through the RabbitWeb libraries and embedded web server. It was pretty much design a Web site and put in a few variables, and we were up and running. It saved us a lot of time."
Heliodyne deploys approximately 1,000 Rabbit products per year and is committed to a long-term relationship. In addition to being easy to use, Heliodyne also finds the Rabbit products extremely reliable and the sales and support staff knowledgeable and friendly.
"While we haven't had to use them very much, tech support has always been very quick to respond," Starkey concluded. "We definitely have invested in Rabbit's microcontrollers and have been very pleased with the relationship."
"The Rabbit products are super easy to use and enabled us to offer an advanced program and controller that gives us something truly unique in the market."
- Mike Starkey, Lead Engineer, Heliodyne
Application: Wireless communications technology for residential and commercial solar heating applications
Industry: Smart Energy
Company: Heliodyne _URL_
Challenge: To provide remote monitoring and control for residential and commercial solar energy solutions.
Solution: RCM5450W a Wi-Fi 802.11b/g core module acts as the main controller and a secure Wi-Fi interface to enable wireless communication as well as reduce development time of thermal solar energy system by 50 percent.
More about RabbitCore® RCM5450W
The RCM5450W offers a unique I/O intensive and secure wireless solution which not only delivers faster data throughput, but also allows user to have improved control and monitoring capabilities with an embedded web server. The included software libraries such as RabbitWebTM and Remote Program Update greatly reduces development time and enables remote firmware update from anywhere in the world.
- Rabbit 5000 running at 74 MHz
- 39 digital I/O lines and up to 6 serial ports
- Integrated IEEE 802.11b/g Wi-Fi
- 802.11i security compliance supporting WPA and WPA2 enterprise authentication
- Wireless web server capability
- Low design risk


text:
How To Create a Trigger
English | Translate this article...
Within this howto article we will use the HT_Salary table created in the How to Create a Table howto. Once we have that table created we want to ensure that salaries can only be entered within business partners that are marked as Employees and not other ones. The system must prevent us from entering salary information for business partners that are only marked as customers or vendors.
This constraint cannot be defined as a database check constraint because it requires a SQL query which is not allowed within checks. To implement this constraint a trigger must be used. A trigger is a piece of code that is executed whenever a table is modified (on INSERT, UPDATE and/or DELETE events).
The generic documentation about Triggers in Openbravo can be found here.
Adding the Trigger to Database
Triggers do not require any description within the application dictionary. They only need to be added to the database, following the DB Prefix rule that indicates which module they belong to.
Let's first add the trigger to the database and we'll comment on it afterwards. Note that the actual SQL code varies depending on the database engine used, Postgres or Oracle. Here is an example for both:
CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER ht_salary_trg AFTER INSERT OR UPDATE ON ht_salary FOR EACH ROW DECLARE v_IsEmployee CHAR(1); BEGIN IF AD_isTriggerEnabled()='N' THEN RETURN; END IF; SELECT IsEmployee INTO v_IsEmployee FROM C_BPartner WHERE C_BPartner_ID = :new.C_BPartner_ID; IF v_IsEmployee = 'N' THEN RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20000, '_USER_@'); END IF; END ht_salary_trg;
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION ht_salary_trg() RETURNS TRIGGER AS $BODY$ DECLARE DECLARE v_IsEmployee CHAR(1); BEGIN IF AD_isTriggerEnabled()='N' THEN IF TG_OP = 'DELETE' THEN RETURN OLD; ELSE RETURN NEW; END IF; END IF; SELECT IsEmployee INTO v_IsEmployee FROM C_BPartner WHERE C_BPartner_ID = NEW.C_BPartner_ID; IF v_IsEmployee = 'N' THEN RAISE EXCEPTION '%', '_USER_@'; --OBTG:-20000-- END IF; IF TG_OP = 'DELETE' THEN RETURN OLD; ELSE RETURN NEW; END IF; END; $BODY$ LANGUAGE plpgsql; CREATE TRIGGER ht_salary_trg AFTER INSERT OR UPDATE ON ht_salary FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE ht_salary_trg();
Rough breakdown of the structure from beginning to end is:
- Trigger name The name of the trigger follows the modularity naming conventions, so if we want to include the trigger in our module for which DBprefix is HT, the trigger will start with HT. In this case its name is HT_SALARY_TRG.
- When it is executed and for which table. After the trigger name we define when the trigger is going to be executed. In this case we define that it will be raised each time there is an insertion or update on our HT_SALARY table. Notice the difference between Oracle and Postgres.
- Define variables Define the local variables you require - in this case we only need one variable to store the flag if the partner is an employee or not.
- Enable soft trigger disable. This code enables the soft trigger disable, which is used to disable all triggers in the application within a particular session in Oracle:
IF AD_isTriggerEnabled()='N' THEN RETURN; END IF;
You should use this code if you are working with PostgreSQL:
IF AD_isTriggerEnabled()='N' THEN IF TG_OP = 'DELETE' THEN RETURN OLD; ELSE RETURN NEW; END IF; END IF;
- Select if it is an employee. The following saves the flag IsEmployee to a local variable that indicates if the current record is an employee or not. Note that to get the values in the current record we can use the :New.C_BPartner_ID variable, in case it is an update (not an insert) there is also an :Old set of variables with the old values before the update takes place.
SELECT IsEmployee INTO v_IsEmployee FROM C_BPartner WHERE C_BPartner_ID = :new.C_BPartner_ID;
- Raise an error if it is not correct and rollback the transaction. Once we have the v_IsEmployee we can check whether it is employee or not, and in case it is not raise an error and abort the transaction. Note that whenever a trigger raises an error the transaction is rolled back. There is a restriction with modularity here. Oracle allows a range of error codes from -20000 to -20999 for custom message, but modules cannot define custom messages in application dictionary because they cannot follow the naming rules. So when raising an error in a trigger within a module it must use one of the existing codes (and to emphasize that no special code is used -20000 should be used always), but the message shown in the UI will not be as useful as if it were created specifically for this case.
IF v_IsEmployee = 'N' THEN RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20000, '_USER_@'); END IF;
- To export properly a RAISE EXCEPTION from postgresql to xml files you have to add the following comment at the end of the command; --OBTG:-20000--
RAISE EXCEPTION '%', '_USER_@' ; --OBTG:-20000--
- Return the correct version of the object in case of Postgres where a trigger consists of a function plus a trigger assignment
IF TG_OP = 'DELETE' THEN RETURN OLD; ELSE RETURN NEW; END IF;
Adding translatable message
In the trigger created above the message text shown for the user is not hardcoded but rather just a name of an Message entry from the Application Dictionary. Defining the message this way allows adding translations for the message for different languages.
Details on how to create a new Message entry can be found here.
As a short summary:
In the Application Dictionary || Message window create a new record using the following details:
- Module Openbravo Howtos as this is the module containing the constraint also.
- Search key: HT_SALARY_NOT_EMPLOYEE as this is the value we use to lookup the message in the trigger.
- Message type: Depending on the type the UI for the message box will be different (green for success, yellow for warning...), in our case we want a red error message box, so we select Error.
- Message text: It is the user friendly message that will be displayed inside the message box. So let's enter: Cannot add salary for non-employee..
Oracle vs Postgres
Writing triggers for Postgres or Oracle is somewhat different so let's describe the main differences:
- trigger's in Postgres are functions that return a trigger object associated with a table for a specific action (INSERT, UPDATE or/and DELETE). In Oracle, their definition is slightly simpler. Hence there are two CREATE statements required in Postgres (one for the function and one for assigning the function as the trigger of a table) versus one in Oracle.
- the use of NEW/OLD reserved words to reference the new record (that is being inserted or updated to) or the old one (that is being deleted or updated) is different (:NEW in Oracle vs NEW in Postgres)
- Postgres trigger function must explicitly take care of returning the trigger object, also depending on the type of the trigger (e.g. the last line is IF TG_OP = 'DELETE' THEN RETURN OLD; ELSE RETURN NEW; END IF; )
For more details on database differences, please see the following article.
Exporting Triggers as Part of the Module
Whenever application dictionary or physical database is modified, it is possible to export that information to xml files belonging to the specific module. This way you can maintain Openbravo ERP database data as source code XML files (that can then be source controlled).
To do so, execute:
This will export all artifacts of the module currently marked as In Development within the application dictionary.
For further explanations read the Development tasks document.


Using the Remote Control as a Wireless Mouse
Note: This function does not work when you project from a device connected using an MHL cable.
 1. Connect the projector to a computer using the projector's USB-B, Computer, or HDMI port to display video.
 2. If you connected your computer to a port other than the projector's USB-B port, also connect a USB cable to the projector's USB-B port and to a USB port on your computer (for wireless mouse support).
 3. Start your presentation.
 4. Use the following buttons on the remote control to control your presentation:
 - To move through slides or pages, press the up or down Page buttons.
 - To move the cursor on the screen, use the arrow buttons.
 - To left-click, press the button once (press it twice to double-click).
 - To right-click, press the Esc button.
 - To drag-and-drop, hold the button as you move the cursor with the arrow buttons, then release at the destination.
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text:
Some of the highest mercury levels in the country are found in Georgia streams.
That's according to a federal study of mercury contamination that found the toxic substance in every fish tested at nearly 300 streams across the country.
The finding released Wednesday underscores how widespread mercury pollution has become.
The U.S. Geological Survey tested thousands of fish from 291 streams nationwide from 1998 to 2005.
Some of the highest levels in fish were detected in the remote blackwater streams along the coasts of the Carolinas, Georgia, Florida and Louisiana.
Mercury can damage the nervous system and cause learning disabilities in developing fetuses and young children.


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Gross negligence under Greek law
Iason Skouzos & Partners > Practice Areas > Civil Law > Gross negligence under Greek law
Gross negligence under Greek law
Gross negligence in Greek law is not explicitly defined in the Civil Code. It is derived from the combined application of articles 330, 332 and 334 of the Civil code. In the lack of an express definition and specific criteria for it, gross negligence is deemed to exist when the deviation from the behavior of an ordinary person is important, unusual and especially great, indicating a total disregard of the acting person for the illegal consequences incurred by his act to a third party by. Gross negligence is an abstract legal notion, and hence a court's ruling as to whether the facts of a case constitute gross negligence is subject to the annulment of the Areios Pagos (Supreme Court).
Gross negligence does not comprise cases of willful misconduct. The latter is equal to deceit (either direct, indirect or necessary deceit). In cases of gross or simple negligence, the person at fault either does not foresee the upcoming result of his actions or he foresees it but acts in the hope that he will avoid it.


Asked by: Hasnia Payen
technology and computing programming languages
What is a domain specific vocabulary word?
Last Updated: 30th April, 2020
Put simply, domain-specific words, also known as Tier 3 words, are technical or jargon words important to a particular subject. For instance, chemistry and element both fall under science-related vocabulary, while allusion and verse relate closely to English language arts (naturally, our favorite subject area).
Click to see full answer.
Likewise, what are domain specific words examples?
Tier 3 words: These words are often referred to as "domain specific"; they are critical to understanding the concepts of the content taught in schools. Generally, they have low-frequency use and are limited to specific knowledge domains. Examples would include words such as isotope, peninsula, refinery.
Similarly, what is precise language and domain specific vocabulary? Precise language consists of clear and direct words and phrases with specific meanings. • Domain-specific vocabulary consists of the words and phrases used to explain concepts that are directly related to a particular subject or topic.
Furthermore, what is the purpose of domain specific vocabulary?
Domain-specific vocabulary is language or word choice that is directly related to the class for which you are writing. For example, if you are writing a literary analysis essay for English, words like "theme," "symbolism," and "juxtaposition" would be great domain-specific vocabulary.
What is the difference between academic words and domain specific words?
Academic words are more mature words that are used across all content areas. Domain-specific words are isolated to a specific subject area.
Related Question Answers
Nicasio Aoiz
What are the specific words?
Specific Words are words that, through the use of modifiers, name a specific idea, thing, person and the likes. These kinds of words are used when you want to limit your discussion to a particular idea. Examples of these words would include rocking chair, dollar, gym equipment, pepper and high-heeled shoes.
Margaret Schaible
What is an example of academic vocabulary?
Academic vocabulary includes words used in academic dialogue and texts. It does not include words students use in general conversation, but academic vocabulary relates to other familiar words that students do use. For example, rather than using the simple verb watch, an academic term would be observe.
Atanasia Poço
What are domain specific skills?
Domain-Specific Knowledge: 1, Domain-Independent Skills: 0. They include skills such as communicating, problem-solving, curiosity, patience, flexibility, purpose, persistence, resilience, courage, and creating — that apply across all specific fields.
Vasil Saada
What is domain specific knowledge?
An expert is a person with extensive knowledge about a particular subject matter or area of expertise. Much problem solving involves domain-specific knowledge. That is knowledge relevant to a certain domain: a situation or class of problems. Domain-specific knowledge is what makes an expert an expert.
Elke Claussen
What are domain specific texts?
Domain specific texts are found on the third tier of the words tier, which is specialized terms. Domain specific texts are texts that students use in their academic studies, such as their science, social studies, and math books. The words found in the text are content specific and are often abstract.
Fatiha Santaella
What is content vocabulary?
Contrasted with Academic Vocabulary, Content Vocabulary includes words that are specific to a given domain or subject area, rarely being found outside of their particular content area.
Ayman Belikov
What is precise language?
Precise language is using exact, specific words. Writers use precise language to give readers particular images in their heads.
Ilune Hacker
What is a Tier 2 word?
Tier 2 words are words such as obvious, complex, reasoned, national, or informed. In contrast, Tier 1 words are extremely common, almost ubiquitous-frequency words that require little or no explicit instruction.
Jhenny Teboul
What is general academic vocabulary?
General academic vocabulary is the language of school and tests. It is more likely to be used in written expression rather than speech. audience the people who receive a message or information, whether written or oral Your response should be clearly appropriate for the intended audience.
Code Hasainov
How do you teach academic language?
 1. 5 Tips for Teaching Academic Language.
 2. Teach one word at a time in an explicit direct instruction format.
 3. Equip your students with sentence frames they can use for discussion, writing, and collaboration.
 4. Integrate academic language into your daily practice through content areas.
 5. Make a wall of academic language words.
Willibald Adabashian
What is academic language?
Academic language is the language needed by students to do the work in schools. It includes, for example, discipline-specific vocabulary, grammar and punctuation, and applications of rhetorical conventions and devices that are typical for a content area (e.g., essays, lab reports, discussions of a controversial issue.)
Heydi Chelu
What tier is academic vocabulary?
This handout discusses the three tiers of vocabulary, Tier 1—Basic Vocabulary, Tier 2—High Frequency/Multiple Meaning, and Tier 3—Subject Related. Tier one consists of the most basic words. These words rarely require direct instruction and typically do not have multiple meanings.
Genevie Bardi
Why is academic vocabulary important?
Academic Vocabulary is Important
The depth of a student's understanding of words and meaning plays an enormous role in their ability to comprehend content-area concepts and read academic texts. When we help students build academic vocabulary we create routes to comprehension and enable academic success!
Solanyi Herauritz
What is the difference between content and academic vocabulary?
Content Vocabulary. Have students classify unknown words into two categories while reading the text: 'General academic vocabulary' includes words that are not specific to science, while 'Specific content vocabulary' includes words that students believe to be specific to their particular content class.
Brigitte Hyeraci
What is DSL Software?
A domain-specific language (DSL) is a computer language specialized to a particular application domain. There are a wide variety of DSLs, ranging from widely used languages for common domains, such as HTML for web pages, down to languages used by only one or a few pieces of software, such as MUSH soft code.
Chiquita Moumen
What is academic vocabulary Marzano?
In Building Background Knowledge, Bob Marzano laid out a six-step process for building academic vocabulary. It includes direct instruction, linguistic and nonlinguistic definitions, recording word learning in a notebook or journal, talking about words, and playing with words.
Marcelin Meka
What does critical vocabulary mean?
A critical vocabulary is a formal terminology related to one or more branches of critical theory. Although it may be considered a type of jargon, it is predominantly used by academics and is not slang.
Nathalia Guhra
What is the definition of domain specific?
(computing) dedicated to a particular problem domain, a particular problem representation/solution technique.
Mostefa Michelsen
What are domain specific words?
Vocabulary specific to a particular field of study (domain), such as the human body (CCSS, p. 33); in the Standards, domain-specific words and phrases are analogous to Tier Three words (Language, p. 33).


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I am having trouble understanding how Eq (2.6) in this paper (PDF) $$Z[\mathcal{L},\mathcal{M}_{n}]\propto\langle\Phi(u,0)\tilde{\Phi}(v,0)\rangle_{\mathcal{L}^{(n)},\mathbb{R}^{2}}$$
generalizes to Eqn (2.7) $$\langle\mathcal{O}(x,y;\mbox{ sheet i })...\rangle_{\mathcal{L},\mathcal{M}_{n}}=\frac{\langle\Phi(u,0)\tilde{\Phi}(v,0)\mathcal{O}_{i}(x,y)...\rangle_{\mathcal{L}^{(n)},\mathbb{R}^{2}}}{\langle\Phi(u,0)\tilde{\Phi}(v,0)\rangle_{\mathcal{L}^{(n)},\mathbb{R}^{2}}}$$
It's quite possible that some of you with more experience in CFTs will be able to immediately answer this for me without the context, but here it is anyway: we want to evaluate the partition function on the Riemann manifold $\mathcal{M}_{n}$ which consists of $n$ flat 2D sheets joined together at the branch cut between $u$ and $v$ in the manner shown in Fig 1 in the paper. We do this by modeling the manifold as $n$ disconnected flat sheets with twist fields inserted at the branch points. It turns out that the original partition function is proportional to the correlation function of two twist fields as in Eq. 2.6.
Later on, the paper makes use of the correlation function with insertions of the stress-energy tensor, so that generalization (with the equality sign) is crucial. Your help is appreciated!
In particular, how does this NOT mean that the partition function in Eq 2.6 is not actually proportional to the two-point function but is simply equal to one? (I am replacing the $\mathcal{O}$'s in (2.7) with one to make this claim)
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Reading my question again, I'm slightly amused by how I instinctively use the pronoun "we" instead of the more honest "they". – dbrane May 6 '12 at 0:06
This may be out of my depth but I'll give it a look! – David Z May 8 '12 at 22:31
2 Answers 2
up vote 3 down vote accepted
I think LHS of eqn 2.7 is normalized, meaning
$\frac{1}{Z}\int\mathcal{D}\phi \mathcal{O} exp\left(-S_{E}\left[\phi\right]\right)$ evaluated on $\mathcal{M}_{n}$
If you put $\mathcal{O} =1$, you get 1.
But $Z$ itself is proportional to the correlation function of the two primary fields
ref: _URL_
sect IIIA
Hope this is useful
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You're right! I stupidly overlooked the fact that correlation functions aren't just path integrals with operator insertions but are normalized to the partition function, at least in the treatment by these authors. – dbrane May 10 '12 at 1:49
_USER_: These formulas define the action of the twist fields. I didn't realize you were only confused about the normalization. – Ron Maimon May 10 '12 at 5:05
The second formula is not a generalization of the first, it is a simple consequence of the definition of the twist fields, like the first. These formulas are just defining the formal path integral for the Riemann surface, and then the "twist field" correlation functions are essentially defined by to reproduce the correlation functions. (I will be explicit about the definition, see below).
The paper uses the notation $\tau$ and $\bar{\tau}$ for the twist fields, instead of $\Phi$ and $\bar{\Phi}$, I'll use that. These fields don't appear in the Lagrangian, you don't integrate over them, they don't have dynamics, they do not represent particles of any kind, they aren't anything physical like that at all. These are made-up fields. They act to change the path integral boundary conditions using some cut lines, and they are local operators only in that inserting them depends only on the position where you insert them, not on how you draw the cut lines between them.
To see what they are, consider (following Cardy's explanation) n-copies of the given field theory, say a theory of a single scalar $\phi$, and then the n-copies are $\phi_i$ with i from 1 to n. Since you just duplicated the theory n-times with no interaction, you have an action which is the sum of the action of each field separately. This n-fold not-mutually interacting copies have an obvious permutation symmetry, any permutation of the fields is equivalent to any other. This cyclic symmetry is a no-brainer--- the fields are all the same, they each have the same action.
Consider the subgroup of cyclic permutations which shift field $i$ to field $i+1$, and suppose we use this symmetry to define a new field theory, in which there is a special horizontal line going between two horizontally separated points A and B. When you cross this line going up, field i turns into field i+1, when you cross going down, it turns back to field i.
To say that the field turns into another field is simply saying that the fields are "discontinuously" changing when crossing this line (I put discontinuously in quotes because quantum fields are always discontinuous, but the value at one point in the path integral is dependent on the values nearby, and in this case the field you depend on changes) --- the action in the path integral makes the value of the field $\phi_1$ just below the line related to the value of $\phi_2$ just above the line, and not at all related to the value of $\phi_1$ just above the line.
You can imagine this in a simulation of the free field theory. In such a simulation, you pick a lattice site, and replace the value at the site with the average of the same field at the four neighbors, plus a random gaussian value of a certain fixed width (depending on the lattice spacing). Right below the magic line, the up neighbor you average to find the desired value of field 1 is of field number 2, and similarly for field 2, you use field 3 above the line in the average, and so on cyclically.
This takes the n-copy theory on $R^2$ to the theory on a Riemann surface (by the definition of a Riemann surface with cuts), by definition.
But now notice something nice--- the line position is completely arbitrary, so long as the endpoints stay the same. If you move the line up, so long as it has the same endpoint, you can just locally redefine the lattice values using the cyclic permutation symmetry so that the theory with this crazy shift stays exactly the same. For example, suppose we move all the positions in the middle of the line up by one lattice spacing. For all the points that were previously above, but are now below, simply move the value of $\phi_i$ in any configuration to $\phi_{i-1}$. The cut still does the same thing, the partition function is exactly the same, but the cut is in a completely different position. This is the standard thing in Riemann surfaces--- the position of the cut is arbitrary.
What this means is that the theory with the cut can be thought of as a theory with two insertions, at either end of the cut. The property of these insertions is that when you take field $\phi_i$ around the left one counterclockwise, you end up at $\phi_{i+1}$, and if you do the same thing around the right one, you end up at $\phi_{i-1}$. This defines the twist fields $\tau$ and $\bar\tau$, which are acting at A and B. What they do is produce a start and end of a branch cut, and you can link the starts and ends to each other (or to infinity) and you have the same partition function.
So to find the correlation function with twist insertions:
 - put a cut in between the $\tau$'s and $\bar\tau$'s (any which way)
 - simulate the theory with the cuts.
 - find the expected value of O.
If O=1, then you just get the partition function on the Riemann surface (the partition function of the cut, which is just 1 in the simulation definition above, since in a probabilistic simulation Z=1). If you simulate a nontrivial operator O, you find the correlation function of O in the presence of the cut. This is what Cardy's two formulas mean.
The fact that you can interpret the twist fields as local operators is very useful, and allows you to find OPE's and solve the Riemann surface problem. But the formulas you give are simply definitions, and any confusion is in the high level picture defining these. I hope this clears everything up, but it isn't saying anything more or different than Cardy, except


text:
April 28, 2004
Effect of Fires on Saltcedar Growth
The Effect of Bosque Fires on Saltcedar Growth
Rachel Clements, 14, Albuquerque, N.M.
Leah Crowder, 14, Albuquerque, N.M.
Finalists, Discovery Channel Young Scientist Challenge, 2003
Project background: Saltcedar trees are a non-native, invasive species that drink up to 300 gallons of water a day in the riverside forest known as the bosque in New Mexico. The trees' massive taproots also tend to interfere with the water table. A professor at the Bosque Ecosystem Monitoring Program challenged Leah and Rachel to see if saltcedar trees grow better in the open or under the cottonwood canopy of the forest. A recent fire provided an opportunity to see if, after a summer of growth, there would be more saltcedars in the burned areas than in the unburned areas.
Tactics and results: The girls counted the number of saltcedars on either side of a firebreak. They divided areas on the burned and unburned sides into 10-meter by 10-meter plots and recorded the height, health, and relationship of the saltcedars to the cottonwoods.
Rachel and Leah found that there were more saltcedars in the burned areas than the unburned areas. Further studies are needed to see if this is because the cottonwood canopy inhibits saltcedar growth or because saltcedars thrive in areas cleared by fire.
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text:
In this paper, we present an experimental study on measurement of the thermal conductivity and heat pipe effect in both hydrophilic and hydrophobic (Toray TGP-H60) carbon papers (around 200 μm thickness) with/out liquid water. An experimental setup is developed for measuring thermal conductance at different liquid water contents and temperatures without dissembling the testing device for water addition. Theoretical analysis is also performed to evaluate the apparent conductance of heat pipe effect. We found that liquid water presence inside these materials increases the overall thermal conductivity. At high temperature around 80 °C, the heat pipe effect is evident for the hydrophilic paper; while for the hydrophobic one, the heat pipe effect is found to be smaller. The distinction is likely due to the different patterns of the capillary liquid flow in the two media. For the hydrophobic paper, liquid water flows back to the evaporation side when the breakthrough pressure is reached and flow is through preferred routes of small flow resistance. As a result, heat pipe effect is active only in part of the medium, therefore smaller than that in the hydrophilic one. The results are important for understanding the heat transfer phenomena occurring in porous media and effects of material surface property. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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text: Pipeline water transmission is the use of PVC plastic pipes to send water directly to the field for irrigation to reduce the leakage and evaporation loss of water during the open channel transportation process. It is currently a pipeline water transmission promotion product in the well irrigation area in the north of China. Compared with channel water transmission, With rapid water transmission, water saving, and land saving, the benefits are as follows: the water utilization coefficient can be increased to 0.95, the power saving can be 20 % -30 %, the savings can be 2 % -3 %, and the increase in production is 10 %. It is currently China's water-saving irrigation. One of the main measures.


text:
Copernicus Crater Phoenix Moon Base
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A huge mile high Phoenix statue and a split tail NAZCA line Peru depicted massive abduction vessel are near the two KM high crater wall of this 53 mile/ 98 KM wide crater called Copernicus. It has two of the largest alien objects that can be seen from Earth with a large or pro class of telescope. The main picture was taken by Apollo 17 and the data is backed up in this video from the other side via PIA00094 taken years earlier by one of the NASA Lunar Orbiter satellites. I think Apollo 17 was a recon mission to observe an alien base in Copernicus captured in both Lunar Orbiter and Apollo 12 photos? Very ancient yet perfectly preserved on Earth's Moon. The cool thing about this photo is it is from the side of the moon faced toward Earth. This crater is located at 10 Deg. North and 20Deg West so we can locate the anomalies within its large parimeter. _URL_
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, and dry ginger samples. The highest amount of AFs was found in red chilli (219.6 ng/g), OTA was in black pepper (154.1 ng/g), and CTN was in dry ginger samples (85.1 ng/g). The results of this study suggest that the spices are susceptible substrate for growth of mycotoxigenic fungi and further mycotoxin production. This is the first report of natural occurrence of citrinin in black pepper and dry ginger from India. PMID:26229535
 1. Mycobiota and Natural Incidence of Aflatoxins, Ochratoxin A, and Citrinin in Indian Spices Confirmed by LC-MS/MS.
 PubMed
 Jeswal, Punam; Kumar, Dhiraj
 2015-01-01
 Nine different Indian spices (red chilli, black pepper, turmeric, coriander, cumin, fennel, caraway, fenugreek, and dry ginger) commonly cultivated and highly used in India were analysed for natural occurrence of toxigenic mycoflora and aflatoxins (AFs), ochratoxin A (OTA), and citrinin (CTN) contamination. Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger were the most dominant species isolated from all types of spices. Red chilli samples were highly contaminated with aflatoxins (85.4%) followed by dry ginger (77.7%). 56% Aspergillus flavus from red chilli and 45% Aspergillus ochraceus from black pepper were toxigenic and produced aflatoxins and ochratoxin A, respectively. Qualitative detection and quantitative detection of mycotoxins in spices were analyzed by ELISA and further confirmed by LC-MS/MS. Penicillium citrinum produced citrinin in red chilli, black pepper, coriander, cumin, fenugreek, and dry ginger samples. The highest amount of AFs was found in red chilli (219.6 ng/g), OTA was in black pepper (154.1 ng/g), and CTN was in dry ginger samples (85.1 ng/g). The results of this study suggest that the spices are susceptible substrate for growth of mycotoxigenic fungi and further mycotoxin production. This is the first report of natural occurrence of citrinin in black pepper and dry ginger from India. PMID:26229535
 2. 7 CFR 983.150 - Aflatoxin regulations.
 Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
 2010-01-01
 ... the kernel (shelled) lot sample for aflatoxin testing and the number of incremental samples required... 80 24.0 8.0 22,001-150,000 100 30.0 10.0 Table 2 to § 983.150(d)(2)—Shelled Pistachio Kernel Lot... aflatoxin level shall be calculated on a kernel weight basis. (4) Certification of lots "negative" as...
 3. Aflatoxin Control in Maize by Trametes versicolor
 PubMed Central
 Scarpari, Marzia; Bello, Cristiano; Pietricola, Chiara; Zaccaria, Marco; Bertocchi, Luigi; Angelucci, Alessandra; Ricciardi, Maria Rosaria; Scala, Valeria; Parroni, Alessia; Fabbri, Anna A.; Reverberi, Massimo; Zjalic, Slaven; Fanelli, Corrado
 2014-01-01
 Aspergillus flavus is a well-known ubiquitous fungus able to contaminate both in pre- and postharvest period different feed and food commodities. During their growth, these fungi can synthesise aflatoxins, secondary metabolites highly hazardous for animal and human health. The requirement of products with low impact on the environment and on human health, able to control aflatoxin production, has increased. In this work the effect of the basidiomycete Trametes versicolor on the aflatoxin production by A. flavus both in vitro and in maize, was investigated. The goal was to propose an environmental loyal tool for a significant control of aflatoxin production, in order to obtain feedstuffs and feed with a high standard of quality and safety to enhance the wellbeing of dairy cows. The presence of T. versicolor, grown on sugar beet pulp, inhibited the production of aflatoxin B1 in maize by A. flavus. Furthermore, treatment of contaminated maize with culture filtrates of T. versicolor containing ligninolytic enzymes, showed a significant reduction of the content of aflatoxin B1. PMID:25525683
 4. Aflatoxin control in maize by Trametes versicolor.
 PubMed
 Scarpari, Marzia; Bello, Cristiano; Pietricola, Chiara; Zaccaria, Marco; Bertocchi, Luigi; Angelucci, Alessandra; Ricciardi, Maria Rosaria; Scala, Valeria; Parroni, Alessia; Fabbri, Anna A; Reverberi, Massimo; Zjalic, Slaven; Fanelli, Corrado
 2014-01-01
 Aspergillus flavus is a well-known ubiquitous fungus able to contaminate both in pre- and postharvest period different feed and food commodities. During their growth, these fungi can synthesise aflatoxins, secondary metabolites highly hazardous for animal and human health. The requirement of products with low impact on the environment and on human health, able to control aflatoxin production, has increased. In this work the effect of the basidiomycete Trametes versicolor on the aflatoxin production by A. flavus both in vitro and in maize, was investigated. The goal was to propose an environmental loyal tool for a significant control of aflatoxin production, in order to obtain feedstuffs and feed with a high standard of quality and safety to enhance the wellbeing of dairy cows. The presence of T. versicolor, grown on sugar beet pulp, inhibited the production of aflatoxin B1 in maize by A. flavus. Furthermore, treatment of contaminated maize with culture filtrates of T. versicolor containing ligninolytic enzymes, showed a significant reduction of the content of aflatoxin B1. PMID:25525683
 5. Interactions of aflatoxin with histones and DNA.
 PubMed
 Black, H S; Jirgensons, B
 1967-05-01
 The interactions of aflatoxin B(1) with certain histone fractions and DNA were investigated by means of viscosity measurements and equilibrium dialysis. Two main histone fractions (F2b and F1), both lysine-rich, were examined after treatment with the toxin. Fraction 2b and 1 differ in amino acid composition and behave differently, in regard to gross conformation, in the presence of electrolytes. Aflatoxin increased the viscosity of fraction 2b but affected the viscosity of fraction 1 only slightly. Equilibrium dialysis experiments showed that aflatoxin was bound to both histone fractions. Aflatoxin also increased the viscosity of DNA and equilibrium dialysis showed that 1 molecule of the toxin was bound to approximately every 5 nucleotides of the nucleic acid. Binding constants for the aflatoxin complexes were calculated as 1000 for F2b, 700 for F1, and 5500 for DNA. The biological implications of these data, in regard to the effect aflatoxin has on the information-transcription process, are discussed. PMID:_PHONE_
 6. Pseudomonas syringae type III effector HopAF1 suppresses plant immunity by targeting methionine recycling to block ethylene induction
 PubMed Central
 Washington, Erica J.; Mukhtar, M. Shahid; Finkel, Omri M.; Wan, Li; Kieber, Joseph J.; Dangl, Jeffery L.
 2016-01-01
 HopAF1 is a type III effector protein of unknown function encoded in the genomes of several strains of Pseudomonas syringae and other plant pathogens. Structural modeling predicted that HopAF1 is closely related to deamidase proteins. Deamidation is the irreversible substitution of an amide group with a carboxylate group. Several bacterial virulence factors are deamidases that manipulate the activity of specific host protein substrates. We identified Arabidopsis methylthioadenosine nucleosidase proteins MTN1 and MTN2 as putative targets of HopAF1 deamidation. MTNs are enzymes in the Yang cycle, which is essential for the high levels of ethylene biosynthesis in Arabidopsis. We hypothesized that HopAF1 inhibits the host defense response by manipulating MTN activity and consequently ethylene levels. We determined that bacterially delivered HopAF1 inhibits ethylene biosynthesis induced by pathogen-associated molecular patterns and that Arabidopsis mtn1 mtn2 mutant plants phenocopy the effect of HopAF1. Furthermore, we identified two conserved asparagines in MTN1 and MTN2 from Arabidopsis that confer loss of function pheno


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Calculating Weighted GPA
Many students and parents are confused about calculating GPA's. PowerSchool automatically does this for each student. If you wish to do this yourself, here is how to calculate GPA using a Weighted calculation method.
Start with the grades. In this example, each letter grade has a value with 4.000 being the highest for an A and down to 0.00 for an F and honors courses get a 1.000 point boost. The table looks like this:
A+ = 4.000 B+ = 3.333 C+ = 2.333 D+ = 1.333
A = 4.000 B = 3.000 C = 2.000 D = 1.000
A- = 3.667 B- = 2.667 C- = 1.667 D- = 0.667
 F = 0.0
Your school may have a different set of values for the GPA points. Contact your site administrator to determine if a different set of GPA point values is used for your school.
To calculate the GPA you multiply the number of credits for each class times the number of grade points the letter grade earns. Add together this value for all classes and divide by the total number of credits. Remember, most classes are worth 0.5 credit. Band is the exception at 0.3 because it meets three times per week rather than the usual five times per week. In the elementary and junior high setting, core courses (math, English, science, social studies and Religion) ar worth 0.5 credit. Non-core (all the rest) classes are worth 0.25 credit.
So let's consider the report card of a student. She's taking Honors Spanish 3 and gets the one point grade point boost for it.
Class Grade Credits Grade Points Multiply
Chemistry C 0.500 2.00 1.00
Church History A 0.500 4.00 2.00
Algebra 2 B+ 0.500 3.33 1.67
Hon. Spanish 3 C+ 0.500 3.333 1.67
Concert Choir A 0.500 4.000 2.00
English 3 B- 0.500 2.667 1.33
American History D 0.500 1.000 0.50
Totals 3.5 10.17
To determine the GPA we take the multiplied sum and divide it by the total credits. (10.17/3.5) = 2.906
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Tooltips in my application can be quite long, therefore I'd like them to have line breaks.
I don't want to use html as I'd prefer to set a (max) width of my tooltips instead and have the line breaks dynamically.
In the accepted answer the this similar question Multi-line tooltips in Java? I read about JMultiLineToolTip. Unfortunately the provided link doesn't work anymore and there are many different JMultiLineToolTip out there. Therefore my two questions:
 1. Which JMultiLineToolTip is a good one to use?
 2. How can I use such a class to represent all of the tooltips in my application?
EDIT: as everyone seems to recommend the use of html, is there a way to define the width of my tooltip in pixels (or some other unit than number of characters) using html?
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2 Answers
If you are not afraid of extending swing tool tip, you can create your own JMultiLineToolTip:
 1. Extend JTooltip In the extended Tool tip component implementation,
 2. set a custom tool tip UI In customUI implementation
 3. Implementpaint() method to write given string in multi line
Here is an example - it shows how to use it as well
However, to answer your questions:
 1. Which JMultiLineToolTip is a good one to use?
 Use
 Per compopnent, it is easy but tedious to achieve as you will have to override creatreToolTip() API. But if you want to change it globally, you may:
 (i)Simple way - Register your custom tooltip UI with the UIManager at the beginning of your execution.
 UIManager.put( "ToolTipUI", "SeNormToolTipUI" );
 UIManager.put( "SeNormToolTipUI",Class.forName( multiLineToolTipUIClassName ) );
 (ii) complex way
 You will have to start implementing your own look and feel. In the look and feel implementation, you would provide defaults for ToolTipUI as your UI implementation and then set that look and feel to the application you are running. For instance take a look at the MetalLookAndFeel implementation. You may just extend that part and implement your on lnf.
So, it is better to use
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why so complex? – lzdt Mar 29 '12 at 20:54
I did not mean complex=difficult. I mean rather it is un-necessary. – ring bearer Mar 29 '12 at 20:59
thanks! works like charm! – itshorty Jul 27 '12 at 12:10
add comment
1) Html is easiest of ways for plain JToolTip
2) use JWindow(un_decorated JDialog) with JTextArea, better would be JTextPane (supporting stylled text),
 - the disadvantage is you have to manually set window to the Point, you have to manually set for setInitialDelay and setDismissDelay (Swing Timer), setVisible(true/false)
 - the advantage is that you using full manageable top level container with definitions for own parent
3) I use JLabel with Html formatted and stylled text added to the GlassPane, notice easiest alternative is use non_opaque JLayeredPane (Java6) or JLayer (Java7)
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Your Answer


text:
Project Completed May 2015!
The Corrales Heights 4 to 1 pedestrian trail drainage improvements added modifications to existing stormwater inlets along the trail, curb and gutter to maintain stormwater flow along with the installation of sediment retaining walls and regrading of the trail to create a positive slope to the 1st drop inlet structure. Historically, the storm inlets along this trail become clogged during intense rainfall events causing downstream damage. Sediment washes off the steep slopes adjacent to the site adding to the inlet capacity issue and burying the trail.
Prior to the modifications sediment and debris could easily clog the inlet structures.


How to Remove Stickers from a
Did you just buy a new laptop or other device, only to find it covered in unattractive stickers?. Time to remove those stickers and free your hardware from its role as a traveling advertisement.
1. Make sure this laptop isn't too old. The stickers will dry up, and over time, the glue backing will separate from the printed material. If you decide to remove the stickers, do it quickly. The stickers are not going to stay fresh for more than a year or two, depending upon its quality. If your laptop is a relic, skip to the very last step to use a chemical removal method.
2. Decide which stickers to remove. Some stickers are useful, such as OEM licensing stickers that will be void when removed. Others may contain serial numbers, service tags, support information, or systems specifications. Commonly removed stickers include ones promoting the Windows operating system (ie: "Designed for Windows XP" and "Windows Vista Capable"), as well as Intel and AMD CPU stickers.nhl stickers
3. Remember to do this slowly. If you rush it and try to pull the whole thing off at once, you run the risk of tearing the sticker or separating the glue backing.
4. Start from the edges. Use your fingernails or a non-abrasive abrasive putty knife. Be careful not to scratch or damage any plastic or aluminum surfaces in the process.
5. Pull the sticker up slowly from the edge you just started. Try to pull it up using an angle between 45 and 90 degrees. Never bend the sticker back further than a 90 degree angle, as this will promote the separation of the glue backing and printed material.
6. Clean the surface. Some sticker residue may be rubbed off easily, while some require additional help. As always, avoid scratching the surface.
First, try rubbing off the remaining residue by hand. Many forms of glue, even when mixed with a little paper, will curl up onto itself when moved over a surface.
Second, if rubbing doesn't help, try using duct tape or other very sticky tape to remove the remaining residue. Break or cut off a piece of tape, apply it to the surface, then remove it or, if possible, simply rub the sticky surface of the tape over the residue. Repeat this until all of the residue has been removed, and attached to the tape instead.
Third, apply a small amount of cooking oil, such as canola or olive oils to the adhesive with a paper towel. Allow the oil to sit on the adhesive for site 2-5 minutes. The adhesive should now easily scrape off with your finger or a soft plastic tool. Using window cleaner, such as Windex, and a clean paper towel clean the remaining oil and adhesive off.
Fourth, if all previous attempts fail, use chemicals. A popular and extremely useful method is to use a citric-acid based cleaner such as "Goo-Gone". These types of cleaners will not harm metal or harder plastics, but may dry the surface of softer plastics, leaving a white, frosted appearance. Test this on a small, hidden area first. Another liquid to try is alcohol (try spraying a small amount of your deodorant or perfume, if that is handy). Aerosol furniture polish, like Old English, can be very effective. Another is WD-40 which won't hurt the surface and can be cleaned off the computer's surface with a dish rag and a little soap.
7. A product called "Odor Assassin" (Lemon-Lime Scent) that is available at most "dollar" and discount stores will dissolve most adhesives instantly and can be removed with a clean cotton face cloth.
 - If your laptop sticker has one or more rounded corners, start peeling it from a rounded corner. If you come to an area where it starts to separate, start over from another edge.
 - Patience conquers all stickers. Always go slow and steady on sticker removal. If it's not working and you're getting frustrated, leave it for another day when you have more patience.
 - Try to use tools that won't damage your laptop. Your fingernails, erasers, plastic putty knives, plastic guitar picks, no-stick spatula/pancake flipper, and even tweezers (used carefully) will pose the smallest threat to your laptop's surfaces.
 - Heat from a laptop increases the bond of some glue backings over time. This bond may etch into painted surfaces or even stain some plastics and brushed aluminum.
 - Don't remove any stickers with OEM license information, as it will void some OEM licenses.
 - Sharp or hard objects will damage laptop surfaces if used to scrape off stickers. car art stickers
 - Avoid spilling any liquid into the cracks or exposed area of a laptop, such as the keyboard. Some liquid is conductive and may cause electrical shorts.
 - Before following this process, ensure that the laptop power is turned off, and unplugged from any electrical source. If possible, remove the laptop battery from the case as well.
Things You'll Need
 - Tweezers for stickers that are difficult to start.
 - Cleaning solution such as alcohol or "Goo-Gone".
 - Paper towels, napkins, or rags to use with the cleaning solution.
 - Tape, such as duct tape, to help remove residue.


text:
A layer structural complex magnetic refrigerant, which is suitable for the Ericsson cycle, satisfying the Carnot principle, has been investigated. Above ∼15 K, since the thermal agitation energy and the lattice entropy increase considerably, the ferromagnetic material has to be used for the refrigerant in the magnetic refrigeration. However, the variatio of the magnetic entropy of the ferromagnets is not ap propriate to the Ericsson cycle in which the entropy difference ΔSJ between two kinds of the iso-magnetic field processes should be constant in the refrigeration range. In order to make the refrigerant having constant ΔSJ mentioned above, we made the layer structural sin tered material composed of four kinds of ferromagnets ErAl2.2, HoAl2.2, (DY0.5Ho0.5)Al2.2 and DyAl2.2, and investigated its entropy experimentally. As the result, it is verified that the layer structural magnet material is one of the most promising refrigerant for the Ericsson cycle.
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
- Electrical and Electronic Engineering


text:
Growth and Inspiration through Volunteering and Education (GIVE), is a community organization founded in 2010 and run by high school students. GIVE was inspired by the need for civic engagement and the desire to improve our local community. We seek to invest in the next generation by striving to provide opportunities to those who seek them in the fields of education, empowerment, and leadership. We especially emphasize the importance of learning and promote an enthusiastic attitude towards it. Through our multiple programs, we serve as mentors to younger children, provide resources to underprivileged students, and attempt to leave our mark on the next generation through our efforts.
The mission of GIVE (Growth and Inspiration through Volunteering and Education) is to promote the leadership of youth through projects that will improve the quality of life in their communities.
GIVE's Founders and Board of Directors
After 8 years, over 5000 students and volunteers impacted and 20 tutoring centers
GIVE's Community Engagement Projects
1. Free tutoring program
2. Children's book publication
3. Test-prep book collection program
4. Fairfax County RecQuest Summer Program: STEM initiative
5. Backpack drive in collaboration with Collect for Kids


text:
This paper deals with the design and development of a control strategy for improving the power quality in the grid. The proposed control algorithm aims at eliminating the harmonics, compensation of the reactive power and power factor correction thereby enhancing the performance of system. The overall system is designed, developed, operated in MATLAB-SIMULINK and system performance is validated by simulation results.
cited By 0
S. Sindhu, Dananjayan, D., and Dr. Sindhu M. R., "Simplified control algorithm for power quality improvement in industrial applications", International Journal of Control Theory and Applications, vol. 8, pp. 2021-2028, 2015.