Keep Bananas Fresh Longer by Separating Them and Wrapping the Stems in Plastic Wrap
We've discussed how wrapping bananas with plastic wrap keeps a bunch fresher longer, but if you want your banans to last as long as possible, the real key is to separate them and then wrap each individual stem with plastic wrap. Here's why.
Instructables user wilgubeast explains that the traditional method of wrapping the whole crown of a bunch works well, but if you want those bananas to last all week, separate them and wrap the stems individually as tightly as possible. You can also slice them up and rest the cut sides in a little acid (lemon juice works best, maybe a little vinegar) to prevent browning. Some people also swear by putting them in the fridge to slow the process.
If you're uncertain of the science here, it's really straightforward. Bananas, like many fruits, release ethylene gas naturally, which controls enzymatic browning and ripening of not just itself, but other fruits nearby. Much of that offgassing takes place at the stem—or the crown—of the banana. By wrapping the crown of a bunch, you slow down the ripening process a bit. For the best effect, separate the bananas and wrap them individually. If you've ever gotten a fresh bunch home and removed the wrap around the crown only to discover the bananas ripened faster than you expected (this has happened to me before), this is why. Still, don't take my word for it, wilgubeast links a number of papers on the topic at the link below, along with more detail on how to wrap those stems.
Keep Bananas Fresh Longer (Slices, Too!) | Instructables


text: This paper presents further investigations into the axisymmetric progressive crushing behaviour of metal tubes subject to quasi-static axial loads. Based on experiments and a finite element analysis, a new, more realistic theoretical model is developed by introducing the concept of effective plastic hinge length which is proportional to tube thickness. The theoretical crushing force history, mean crushing force and plastic half-wavelength are compared with experiments and finite element analysis results. It is found that for normalized mean crushing force, P m / M o, better agreement is obtained using the present theoretical model than previous ones. This analysis helps explain the paradox between the D/t exponent calculated from experimental results and previous theoretical predictions. Also, a good estimate of plastic half-wavelength, h, is also obtained.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


The São João Baptista, Portuguese Galleon Warship
The São João Baptista, Saint John the Baptist, commonly known as the Botafogo, was a Portuguese galleon warship built in the 16th century, around 1534, considered the biggest and most powerful warship in the world at the time.
Botafogo on the left in this engraving, Portuguese flag on the top
This ship could carry 366 bronze cannons, and had an artillery power of 1,000 tons. For this reason, it became known as Botafogo, meaning literally fire maker orspitfire in popular Portuguese.
The Botafogo was used both in the Atlantic and in the Mediterranean, where it became famous during the Conquest of Tunis (1535). In that battle, the Botafogowas commanded by Infante Luís, Duke of Beja, brother of John III and brother-in-law of Charles V.
Conquest of Tunis (1535)
The Conquest of Tunis in 1535 was an attack on Tunis, then under the control of the Ottoman Empire, by the Spanish Empire and its allies.
In 1533, Suleiman the Magnificent ordered Hayreddin Barbarossa, whom he had summoned from Algiers, to build a large war fleet in the arsenal ofConstantinople. Altogether 70 galleys were built during the winter of 1533–1534, manned by slave oarsmen, including 2,000 Jewish ones. With this fleet, Barbarossa conducted aggressive raids along the coast of Italy, until he conquered Tunis on 16 August 1534, ousting the local ruler, theretofore subservient to the Spanish, Muley Hasan.Barbarossa thus established a strong naval base in Tunis, which could be used for raids in the region, and on nearby Malta.
Charles V, one of the most powerful men in Europe at the time, assembled a large army of some 30,000 soldiers, 74 galleys (rowed by chained Protestants shipped in from Antwerp), 300 sailing ships, the Santa Anna and Portuguese galleon São João Baptista, also known as Botafogo and the most powerful ship in the world at the time, with 366 bronze cannons to drive the Ottomans from the region. The expense involved for Charles V was considerable, and at 1,000,000 ducats was on par with the cost of Charles' campaign against Suleiman on the Danube. Unexpectedly, the funding of the conquest of Tunis came from thegalleons sailing in from the New World, in the form of a 2 million gold ducats treasure extracted by Francisco Pizarro in exchange for his releasing of the Inca kingAtahualpa (whom he nevertheless executed on 29 August 1533).
Despite a request by Charles V, Francis I denied French support to the expedition, explaining that he was under a 3 year truce with Barbarossa following the 1533 Ottoman embassy to France. Francis I was also under negotiations with Suleiman the Magnificent for a combined attack on Charles V, following the 1534 Ottoman embassy to France. Francis I only agreed to Pope Paul III's request that no fight between Christians occur during the time of the expedition.
On 1 June 1535, protected by a Genoese fleet, Charles V destroyed Barbarossa's fleet and, after a costly yet successful siege at La Goletta, captured Tunis. In the ruins, the Spanish found cannon balls with the French Fleur-de-lys mark, evidence of the contacts stemming from the Franco-Ottoman alliance.
The resulting massacre of the city left an estimated 30,000 dead. Barbarossa managed to flee to Algiers with a troop of several thousand Turks. Muley Hasan was restored to his throne. The stench of the corpses was such that Charles V soon left Tunis and moved his camp to Radès.
The siege demonstrated the power projection of the Habsburg dynasties at the time; Charles V had under his control much of southern Italy, Sicily, Spain, theAmericas, Austria, the Netherlands and lands in Germany. Furthermore, he was Holy Roman Emperor and had de jure control over much of Germany as well.
The catastrophic defeat in the Capture of Tunis in 1535 by the Holy League motivated the Ottoman Empire to enter into a formal alliance with France against the Habsburg Empire. Ambassador Jean de La Forêt was sent to Constantinople, and for the first time was able to become permanent ambassador at the Ottoman court and to negotiate treaties.
Charles V celebrated a neo-classical triumph "over the infidel" at Rome on April 5, 1536 in commemoration of his victory at Tunis.
Barbarossa managed to escape to the harbour of Bône, where a fleet was waiting for him. From there, he sailed to accomplish the Sack of Mahon, where he took 6,000 slaves and brought them to Algiers.
The Ottomans responded by recapturing the city in 1574. However the Ottoman governors of Tunis were semi-autonomous Beys who acted as privateers against Christian shipping. Consequently, raiding in the Mediterranean continued until the French subjugated the region as a protectorate three centuries later in 1830 with an invasion leading to the creation of French Algeria, and the establishment of a protectorate over Tunisia in 1881 through the French occupation of Tunisia.
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Introduction
Raspberry Pi can connect to a camera to capture picture and video. As an advance feature, it can be used as a CCTV to monitor the environment. For example, from official Raspberry Pi web site "_URL_ there shows a simple and efficient motion detection script in Python using PIL.
While watching for motion it pipes a thumbnail image from raspistill at around 1fps to analyse (it keeps everything in memory to avoid wearing out the SD card). Once motion is detected it calls raspistill again to write a high-res jpeg to disk. It also checks free disk space and if under a set limit it starts to delete the oldest images to make sure there is always enough free space for new images. While running on my rev1 B it consumes around 12% CPU / 4% ram and manages to capture a full size image once ever 2-3 secs.
picamera
picamera
In the following, I will show you the step of of installation of this motion detection python script.
Step 1. Install PIL by running "sudo aptitude install python-imaging-tk"
Step 2. Create a python script with file name "picam.py" as below:
#!/usr/bin/python
# original script by brainflakes, improved by pageauc, peewee2 and Kesthal
# _URL_
# You need to install PIL to run this script
# type "sudo apt-get install python-imaging-tk" in an terminal window to do this
import StringIO
import subprocess
import os
import time
from datetime import datetime
from PIL import Image
# Motion detection settings:
# Threshold – how much a pixel has to change by to be marked as "changed"
# Sensitivity – how many changed pixels before capturing an image, needs to be higher if noisy view
# ForceCapture – whether to force an image to be captured every forceCaptureTime seconds, values True or False
# filepath – location of folder to save photos
# filenamePrefix – string that prefixes the file name for easier identification of files.
# diskSpaceToReserve – Delete oldest images to avoid filling disk. How much byte to keep free on disk.
# cameraSettings – "" = no extra settings; "-hf" = Set horizontal flip of image; "-vf" = Set vertical flip; "-hf -vf" = both horizontal and vertical flip
threshold = 10
sensitivity = 20
forceCapture = True
forceCaptureTime = 60 * 60 # Once an hour
filepath = "/home/pi/picam"
filenamePrefix = "capture"
diskSpaceToReserve = 40 * 1024 * 1024 # Keep 40 mb free on disk
cameraSettings = ""
# settings of the photos to save
saveWidth = 1296
saveHeight = 972
saveQuality = 15 # Set jpeg quality (0 to 100)
# Test-Image settings
testWidth = 100
testHeight = 75
# this is the default setting, if the whole image should be scanned for changed pixel
testAreaCount = 1
testBorders = [ [[1,testWidth],[1,testHeight]] ] # [ [[start pixel on left side,end pixel on right side],[start pixel on top side,stop pixel on bottom side]] ]
# testBorders are NOT zero-based, the first pixel is 1 and the last pixel is testWith or testHeight
# with "testBorders", you can define areas, where the script should scan for changed pixel
# for example, if your picture looks like this:
#
# ….XXXX
# ……..
# ……..
#
# "." is a street or a house, "X" are trees which move arround like crazy when the wind is blowing
# because of the wind in the trees, there will be taken photos all the time. to prevent this, your setting might look like this:
# testAreaCount = 2
# testBorders = [ [[1,50],[1,75]], [[51,100],[26,75]] ] # area y=1 to 25 not scanned in x=51 to 100
# even more complex example
# testAreaCount = 4
# testBorders = [ [[1,39],[1,75]], [[40,67],[43,75]], [[68,85],[48,75]], [[86,100],[41,75]] ]
# in debug mode, a file debug.bmp is written to disk with marked changed pixel an with marked border of scan-area
# debug mode should only be turned on while testing the parameters above
debugMode = False # False or True
# Capture a small test image (for motion detection)
def captureTestImage(settings, width, height):
 command = "raspistill %s -w %s -h %s -t 200 -e bmp -n -o -" % (settings, width, height)
 imageData = StringIO.StringIO()
 imageData.write(subprocess.check_output(command, shell=True))
 imageData.seek(0)
 im = Image.open(imageData)
 buffer = im.load()
 imageData.close()
 return im, buffer
# Save a full size image to disk
def saveImage(settings, width, height, quality, diskSpaceToReserve):
 keepDiskSpaceFree(diskSpaceToReserve)
 time = datetime.now()
 filename = filepath + "/" + filenamePrefix + "-%04d%02d%02d-%02d%02d%02d.jpg" % (time.year, time.month, time.day, time.hour, time.minute, time.second)
 subprocess.call("raspistill %s -w %s -h %s -t 200 -e jpg -q %s -n -o %s" % (settings, width, height, quality, filename), shell=True)
 print "Captured %s" % filename
# Keep free space above given level
def keepDiskSpaceFree(bytesToReserve):
 if (getFreeSpace() < bytesToReserve):
 for filename in sorted(os.listdir(filepath + "/")):
 if filename.startswith(filenamePrefix) and filename.endswith(".jpg"):
 os.remove(filepath + "/" + filename)
 print "Deleted %s/%s to avoid filling disk" % (filepath,filename)
 if (getFreeSpace() > bytesToReserve):
 return
# Get available disk space
def getFreeSpace():
 st = os.statvfs(filepath + "/")
 du = st.f_bavail * st.f_frsize
 return du
# Get first image
image1, buffer1 = captureTestImage(cameraSettings, testWidth, testHeight)
# Reset last capture time
lastCapture = time.time()
while (True):
 # Get comparison image
 image2, buffer2 = captureTestImage(cameraSettings, testWidth, testHeight)
 # Count changed pixels
 changedPixels = 0
 takePicture = False
 if (debugMode): # in debug mode, save a bitmap-file with marked changed pixels and with visible testarea-borders
 debugimage = Image.new("RGB",(testWidth, testHeight))
 debugim = debugimage.load()
 for z in xrange(0, testAreaCount): # = xrange(0,1) with default-values = z will only have the value of 0 = only one scan-area = whole picture
 for x in xrange(testBorders[z][0][0]-1, testBorders[z][0][1]): # = xrange(0,100) with default-values
 for y in xrange(testBorders[z][1][0]-1, testBorders[z][1][1]): # = xrange(0,75) with default-values; testBorders are NOT zero-based, buffer1[x,y] are zero-based (0,0 is top left of image, testWidth-1,testHeight-1 is botton right)
 if (debugMode):
 debugim[x,y] = buffer2[x,y]
 if ((x == testBorders[z][0][0]-1) or (x == testBorders[z][0][1]-1) or (y == testBorders[z][1][0]-1) or (y == testBorders[z][1][1]-1)):
 # print "Border %s %


Moore's Law
Gamer died after playing games for too long
"A man whose son died after playing computer games is campaigning for greater awareness of the risk posed by their excessive use. Chris Staniforth, 20, who would played his Xbox for up to 12 hours, died in May from deep vein thrombosis (DVT). His dad David believes the condition may have been triggered by long gaming sessions and is caused during long periods of immobility."
Nvidia: Moore's law will die without GPUs
Nvidia's chief scientist, Bill Dally, has warned that the long-established Moore's Law is in danger of joining phlogiston theory on the list of superseded laws, unless the CPU business embraces parallel processing on a much broader scale.
Life After Moore's Law
It's time for the computing industry to take the leap into parallel processing.
For the past four decades explosive gains in computing power have contributed to unprecedented progress in innovation, productivity and human welfare. But that progress is now threatened by the unthinkable: an end to the gains in computing power.
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How do you install a gable vent?
A vinyl gable vent is designed to ventilate stale air from the attic during the summer and prevent rain and snow from dripping through. Gable vents reduce heating and cooling costs.
Before installing the gable vent, remove any insulation that may be in the way with a utility knife.
Next, install the vent frame. Use boards to build a 2-by-4 square frame. Place the frame between the studs and the gable ends, and secure it with screws or nails. Factor in a 1 1/8 inch gap around the entire frame. When you are finished constructing the frame, drill 3/8-inch holes into the vent corners. These holes connect to the exterior of the house.
Mark the position of all of the holes with a pencil or piece of chalk on the roof, and connect the marks. This outline represents the vent opening. Saw along this line to cut out the opening.
Once the vent opening has been cut, see how the vent fits. If the vent fits straight, draw an outline for a flange. Use a circular saw to cut through the siding. Place the vent in the opening, and place the flange against the sheathing.
Finally, install flashing material around the vent opening. Flashing helps prevent water from seeping into the attic. Once the flashing is installed, lower the vent into place. Secure the vent with screws.
 1. doityourself.com
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text:
Below is a very neat video showing a heat conduction science experiment using water. Heat conduction Science Experiments are fun and easy to do. However, please be supervised by adults when performing any experiments of heat conduction at home or at school. The science experiment below is a middle school conduction experiment for kids.
What you need for heat conduction Science Experiments?
You need a flame of some sort such as from a candle, a Styrofoam cup, and water.
Usually a Styrofoam cup will burn in flame when in contact with heat in no time. However, in this heat conduction science experiment, can you believe that you can actually put the Styrofoam cup right on the flame and it will not burn? This heat conduction science experiment video will show you how it is done using the principal of heat conduction.
You can put the Styrofoam cup right on the flame and it will not burn because of heat conduction.
You can even see the flame through the bottom of the Styrofoam cup and the bottom is still not burned. Try without heat conduction medium and see the difference.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


Why more foreign students are attending Australian international schools
Southeast Asian students are flocking to Australian international schools. Source: Shutterstock
Australia has always been a popular destination for international students, but new reports show an influx of foreign student enrolments at Australian international schools at a rate that's unlikely to slow.
According to the Australian Financial Review, the number of non-native students at Australian international schools in 2018 increased by 11 percent from 2016. There are now over 25,000 international students enrolled in schools across the country.
These young learners make up such a significant portion of the K-12 student population that some schools are making special modifications to their facilities to accommodate them.
A hub for Southeast Asian students
Caralyn Dea, Director of International and Boarding at Toorak College, told the Australian Financial Review that the boarding school has 58 international students out of 62 boarders, out of which two-thirds come from China.
She said, "We've just finished renovating our boarding house. It's had a full redesign with feng shui principles built into the structure."
"A boarding school has its culture but it also has to reflect the values of the families who send their children to live and study there."
The major reason why parents from Southeast Asian families are choosing to send their children to Australia to study is to prepare them for university, on top of allowing them to receive a high-quality education delivered in English.
In countries like China, citizens are not proficient in English as it's not a language commonly spoken there. When enrolled in an Australian international school, foreign students can improve their English and subsequently enjoy an easier transition to university.
International schools also have smaller class sizes so teachers can focus more attention on students, helping them identify and address challenges they face.
Experience an English education in Australia
According to the Australian Financial Review, Toorak College "has a dedicated English language unit that ensures the foreign students are sufficiently fluent so they have every chance of high ATARs in their end-of-school exams."
Dr Minglu Chen, a lecturer at the University of Sydney's China Studies Centre, told ABC that families were looking for better English education and a pathway to top Australian universities for their children.
She said, "This is what we could expect from China's growing economy, which is at the moment is the second largest economy in the world, which actually also has a growing middle class.
"I think parents, wealthy middle class parents in China, would prefer their children to be educated in an English-speaking society."
Parents from Southeast Asian families want their kids to receive an overseas education mainly so that they can eventually work or settle down in that country.
The recent tensions between China and the US, as well as the visa crackdown under the Trump administration, is further driving families from Asia to choose Australia instead.
The chance to work overseas and earn a higher wage compared to their home countries is more likely to happen in Australia than the US or UK.
Plus, the country is closer to Asia than Europe, the US or Canada, so parents feel more comfortable sending their kids to Australia where they can visit them more easily or have them return home for short breaks.
By allowing them to receive an Australian primary and secondary school education, students leave better prepared for university life in the country as well as beint more adjusted to the local culture.
Liked this? Then you'll love…
Affordable international schools in Asia
Why Australian schools are going beyond traditional classroom design


text:
Gardening Articles: Flowers :: Roses
Community Gardens Add Value to Inner City Homes
by Charlie Nardozzi
Community gardens not only provide healthy food, exercise, and green spaces for city residents, they also revitalize neighborhoods and increase home values. Researchers from the American Real Estate and Urban Economics Association studied the effect of a new community garden in New York City on home values in a 1000-foot ring around the garden. They found that in poor neighborhoods, after 5 years the community garden increased home values by as much as 9 percent. The impact was greatest for well-tended community gardens and those furthest away for city parks and green spaces.
For more information about this study, go to: Real Estate Economics.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
If you have seen iguanas around your property, you know how difficult it can be to get rid of them. You may have noticed they've eaten your landscaping and burrowed in places where you or your kids have tripped. If you're facing an infestation, you may be wondering where iguanas lay their eggs.
The best first step in clearing your backyard of unwanted creatures is to call an iguana removal company. In the meantime, read on to find out some interesting facts about iguanas and their eggs.
How Many Eggs Do Iguanas Lay?
Iguanas lay eggs even without mating. However, these eggs will not hatch babies since they are not fertilized. As far as the number of fertile eggs that they lay at once, this will depend on the kind of iguana that you are dealing with.
As an example, the green iguana is considered to be the champion in the number of eggs they lay at one time, which can be between 20 and 70. At the other end of the scale, you can find the marine iguana, which can only lay between one and six eggs at once.
Although iguana eggs tend to hatch in 90 to 120 days, hatching can occur even faster when they are in an optimal environment.
How Do You Know When an Iguana Is Ready to Lay Their Eggs?
Some of the first signs that an iguana is ready to lay eggs are a diminished appetite and restless behavior. Later on, you may also see that their abdomen is swollen. This happens usually once a year.
However, female iguanas who live around males will likely lay fertilized eggs, and they may also store sperm for several years and use it to fertilize their own eggs at a later date. This is why it is crucial to contact a removal service, regardless of whether you see females alone or with males in your yard.
Do Iguanas Take Care of Their Eggs?
Iguanas do not tend to their eggs or their babies. All they do is lay the eggs in a burrow, typically in an area that gets quite a bit of sun and the earth is warm. Once born, the hatchlings are left to fend for themselves.
However, it is illegal to relocate iguana eggs, so it would be best to contact an iguana removal service if you find eggs on your property.
Be Responsible When It Comes to Iguana Eggs
The iguana population in Florida seems to be growing out of control with many species doing away with great swaths of vegetation and destroying sea walls and other structures. If you let the iguanas in your yard reproduce endlessly without taking measures to avoid this, you will only be adding to the situation.
If you find that iguanas seem to have taken over your backyard and have found ideal places to burrow their eggs, act responsibly and call an iguana removal expert to come and suggest the best way of putting an end to this problem. You will not only be doing yourself a favor by preserving your landscaping but your neighbors will thank you as well. Do not delay and get a handle on this issue today.
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Blurity photo de-blurring utility offers a simple interface for fixing photos damaged by motion blur. It doesn't always work, but it's worth a try. Although at $39 you'd want to make sure it works before you purchase this photo-editing software - fortunately you can. See Group test: what's the best photo-editing software?
The idea of taking a blurry photo and making it sharp again sounds exciting. Like speech recognition, it is one of those technological visions that firmly belonged in the realm of futuristic fantasy just a few short years ago. But while powerful, reliable speech recognition is here, image de-blurring still has a long way to go. Blurity ($39, demo with watermarking) is a utility that's trying to blaze a trail into the difficult field, and it can de-blur certain types of photos if you're skillful and lucky. Pricing is always in US Dollars.
You put the blurry image on the left, click a part of it to demark a selection frame, and click Process. Blurity crunches some numbers, and shows the result on the right half of the window. In a perfect world, this review would end here: You would now be looking at a beautifully sharp version of your previously-blurry photo. In my testing, however, things proved to be more difficult.
When you first run Blurity, the application launches into a short interactive tutorial explaining the different settings, as well as how you should use the selection frame. This frame is very important, because Blurity tries to figure out the shape of the blur using the data within this frame.
Some spots on the photo are good for the frame, while others won't provide Blurity with the information it needs. The tutorial carefully demonstrates this point, and shows some of the other settings. It uses a sample image, and shows the kind of results you can hope to achieve with Blurity: Photos that are significantly clearer, but still have some blur and artifacts.
Photos can be blurry either because they're out of focus, or because the subject or the camera were moving during the exposure. This is called motion blur, and that's what Blurity knows how to fix.
The first photo I fed into Blurity was one of a dolphin leaping out of the water. When I originally took the shot, I was tracking the dolphin with my camera and using a too-slow shutter speed. The dolphin ended up sharp, but the audience in the background had severe motion blur.
No matter how much I played with Blurity's settings, I couldn't get the photo to de-blur. It turns out this is one kind of shot Blurity can't handle: Your entire picture has to have the same kind of motion blur. In other words, Blurity is at its best when fixing camera shake.
I then tried Blurity with a street photo I took of construction workers. I took the shot from the hip while walking, so it had some camera shake (not much, though, because I was using a stabilized lens and it was a bright, sunny day). With this photo as well, no matter how much I played with Blurity's settings and the location of the selection frame, no joy. The end result was worse than the one I started with.
Finally, I decided to take an image just to test Blurity. I took a photo of an artwork while vigorously shaking my camera, resulting in a very blurry shot. The image itself was ideal for Blurity. It contained a good amount of detail, and uniform motion blur. And indeed, this was my most successful attempt.The de-blurred image showed details that were completely smudged over in the original image.
Blurity's website features a comprehensive manual and two videos showing how to use the program, and the output shown reflects what you'll really get with the application (if you know what you're doing).
Blurity: Specs
What Blurity is trying to do is very complicated, and complicated things don't always work like in the movies. Still, if you have an irreplaceable photo that's been damaged by motion blur, Blurity is worth a shot, and is free to try.
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text:
By examining the mouthparts of a river insect, Australian researchers have shown that rivers can bounce back after years of damaging pollution.
RIVERS HAVE THE ABILITY to bounce back to health from years of pollution, offering hope for rivers worldwide, according to the results of a new Victorian study.
Melbourne University researchers Vincent Pettigrove and Bryant Gagliardi studied the rivers in the Ovens Valley, north east Victoria, which had been polluted with pesticides from 150 years of tobacco farming.
They found that by examining the mouthparts of a common river insect, the non-biting midge, or 'chironomid', they could ascertain whether pesticides — for example DDT, a now-banned carcinogenic toxin — were present in the river. Deformities included missing, additional or fused 'teeth'. The researchers said that insect deformity can be a cheaper measure of river health than traditional chemical analysis and can assist agriculture in managing land more sustainably.
"We have seen that land-managers can make decisions about how they use their land that positively impact aquatic ecosystems because current farming practices in the area are having a lesser impact on the Ovens River," Dr Pettigrove said.
The Oven's River Basin is located in the Murray Darling catchment. Tobacco cultivation occurred from the 1850s and peaked during the 1970s. The use of pesticides such as DDT were banned in Victoria in 1981, and, after years of declining profit margins, the industry completely closed in 2006.
The study examined midge larvae at tobacco sites, in 1988 and again in 2010, as well as sites 10km upstream and downstream, to see changes over time. The 1988 research showed a significantly higher amount of deformities in the larvae collected at the tobacco sites compared with upstream and downstream samples. But in 2010, the amount of deformities was not significantly different between the different locations.
Midge larvae are commonly found in the fine sediments of slow-flowing rivers, which is also where pesticides and heavy metals are likely to accumulate.
In addition to DDT, the sediments were also examined for other pollutants (organochlorides). In 1988, significant levels of DDT were detected at the tobacco zone but the tests were not considered sensitive enough to be reliable.
In 2010, the sediment analysis was much more comprehensive, including screening for numerous different pesticides and heavy metals over a much larger area. DDT and related organochlorides were found only at the tobacco sites.
The authors acknowledged the reduction in the midges' deformities might have indicated an adaptation to the pesticides since 1988, but dismissed this idea as previous studies into the Australian sheep blowfly found that adaptation occurred within a 10 year timeframe. Since pesticides were used in the Ovens valley between the 1950s and 1981, any adaptations would have occurred prior to 1988.
According to the researchers, using the midge as a 'bioindicator' is an inexpensive and reliable method for indicating the presence of pollutants. The results in the Ovens Valley showed that improved farming practices can significantly improve the health of local rivers within a short space of time. The findings could be used to help rivers worldwide.
"The improvement in health of the chiromonid is significant as an indicator of river health as they are found in every type of freshwater environment worldwide and are an important food resource for fish," said Pettigrove.
The findings were published in the journal Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment.
Sarah Hardgrove wrote this article as part of her science communication studies at the University of Melbourne.


Do Mercedes make a self-charging hybrid?
Mercedes offers a wide range of vehicle makes and models. On top of that, their vehicles can be powered in different ways with the most popular two ways being diesel and petrol. However, Mercedes also has hybrid, plug-in hybrid, and fully electric cars. But do Mercedes make self-charging hybrid vehicles?
Mercedes-Benz makes several self-charging hybrid cars. Note that a self-charging hybrid car is not a plug-in hybrid car, but a traditional hybrid car. Mercedes refers to normal hybrid cars as mild hybrid cars. Some of the popular Mercedes mild hybrid cars can be found in Mercedes C-Class, New E-Class, GLC-Class, GLE-Class, and GLS-Class.
Self-charging or mild hybrid Mercedes use the electric motor and combustion engine in parallel. This means that the electric motor doesn't run separately from the combustion engine, but supports it by easing the torque curve; thus, bringing about efficiency and delivering more power when required.
What Mercedes models are fitted with a self-charging hybrid system?
As stated earlier, there are a variety of Mercedes models with a self-charging hybrid system. These include:
 - New Mercedes-Benz E-Class – in this class, you will have to pick from the new E-Class saloon or Estate model range.
 - Mercedes-Benz C-Class – the C-Class line has several mild hybrid cars as this system comes standard on almost every powertrain. The self-charging hybrid system can be found on exceptional model lines starting from the SE through to the AMG line Night edition.
 - Mercedes-Benz GLC-Class – this class also boasts of several mild hybrid models. Every 300 variants of the GLC SUV and Coupe feature this standard. Besides, it can also be found on high-performance AMG Line, AMG Line Premium, and AMG Line Premium Plus.
 - Mercedes-Benz GLE-Class – all the GLE SUV petrol engine variants are fitted with a mild hybrid system, including AMG Line models.
 - Mercedes-Benz GLS-Class – only two of the Mercedes GLS SUV models come with a mild hybrid system. These are the Mercedes-AMG GLS 63 and Mercedes-Maybach GLS.
 Best hybrid for towing
So, if you have been searching for a Mercedes model with a self-charging hybrid or mild hybrid system, you can select from the above models. Unlike traditional cars, hybrid cars help you to increase your fuel economy ratings.
What are the advantages of driving a self-charging hybrid?
 - The main reason why you should switch to a hybrid car is that you will reduce CO2 emissions than traditional vehicles, which may qualify you for some incentives.
 - Self-charging hybrid cars enable you to reduce your running costs as the technology can keep the diesel or petrol turned off for most of your journey.
 - There are a wider variety of hybrid cars to choose from. So, you're not just limited to a few types of cars.
 - Most of the hybrid cars are fitted with an automatic gearbox and are made to be very silent and smooth to drive. Therefore, driving these cars is fun and stress-free.
 - Unlike fully electric vehicles or ICE cars, hybrid cars offer a lot of conveniences as you can park or fuel them anywhere that you wish.
What are the setbacks of driving a self-charging hybrid?
 - The main setback of a hybrid car is that they usually have a limited range. Most hybrid cars can only run up to 30 miles on the electric motor. This is quite lower considering most electric vehicles have a range of at least 150 miles.
 - If you're on the highway or in places without traffic, hybrid cars will fully switch to fuel, meaning you won't have any advantage over ICE vehicles.
 - Hybrid cars may not appeal to some drivers as they come with an automatic gearbox and eco tires that are designed to save fuel. So, if love sports cars, you will find such cars to be less appealing.
 Common Mercedes 4Matic issues and problems
What is the difference between a self-charging hybrid and a plug-in hybrid?
Some people normally confuse between hybrid and plug-in hybrid. Even though both cars use both fuel and electricity to run a car, they work differently. Mercedes traditional hybrid cars or self-charging vehicles are referred to as a mild hybrid. Nonetheless, Mercedes has fuel only and fully electric vehicles.
A self-charging hybrid drive system is different from a plug-in hybrid system as it receives its energy simultaneously from a gasoline engine and an electric motor. On the contrary, a plug-in hybrid system utilizes a gasoline engine and an electric motor, but in varying ways.
In a traditional hybrid system, the engine and the motor work together to run the car, while a plug-in hybrid system runs using its electric motor, powered by the motor. On the same note, a plug-in hybrid system won't use your car's fuel until the battery runs out of power.
In short, the plug-in hybrid system uses the engine as a backup plan and not at the same time. On the other hand, the hybrid system uses both the engine and electric battery to save on fuel.
FAQ
What is the range of most self-charging hybrid vehicles?
Most self-charging or hybrid vehicles have a range of between 20 and 30. However, there are a few exceptional models with a range of up to 50 miles. Before selecting a hybrid car, find out the range as it will determine how much fuel you can save in high-traffic areas.
Why does plug-in hybrid have a better range than self-charging hybrid cars?
Hybrid cars travel a smaller distance than plug-in hybrid cars because of the battery size that they come with. Most hybrid cars have a small battery pack that won't last several and that's why they run parallel with combustion engines.
 Are hybrid vehicles safe?
How does a Mercedes hybrid work?
The Mercedes hybrid works simply. As the car cruises down the road at a constant speed, it changes over automatically between the electric motor and diesel engine and a combination of both, depending on the battery charge, load, and gradient. To help improve fuel economy, the engine control unit can program the diesel engine to operate at its most efficient speeds.
Conclusion
If you have been wondering whether Mercedes makes self-charging hybrid vehicles or not – Yes they do. Mercedes self-charging hybrid cars are referred to as a mild hybrid. Self-charging is the term that's usually used by Toyota and Lexus brands. Unlike a plug-in hybrid, mild hybrid/self-charging hybrid variants are fuel-efficient and don't need plugging into a source of electricity.
Edwin Odipo
Why do you love writing about cars? Cars make our lives easy. You can visit your distant friend, relative or even rush to the grocery store a few miles from your home with a lot of ease. Imagine how life was before the invention of cars?? To me, cars are a blessing that made life more convenient.
Recent Posts


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Testo 805i Wireless Infrared Thermometer Smart Probe Technology is an advanced infrared thermometer that provides accurate non-contact temperature readings at a distance and transmits results wirelessly to the free Testo Smart Probes App. Infrared thermometers take an average measurement of temperature within a certain diameter of circle which can sometimes create confusion with technicians. The Testo 805i eliminates this confusion by projecting a circular laser-dot pattern on the target, ensuring clear and accurate readings. The Testo 805i can be paired in-App with up to 5 other Testo wireless probes simultaneously through Bluetooth technology and measurements can be exported in PDF or excel format for easy reporting. Additionally, the paired smart device can take pictures of the temperature target with the laser-dots visible and embed the temperature reading to the image. Testo wireless smart probes save reading and reporting time as well as money!
*Requires smartphone or tablet


{e}^{-\frac {| x|^{p}}{ 2 }}\) is not a positive definite function for p>2 it is enough to consider the following counterexample. In Definition 4 let n=3 and choose |x1x2|=ε,|x2x3|=aε and |x1x3|=(a+1)ε for some ε,a>0. Therefore, the determinant of the matrix A is given by
$$\begin{array}{*{20}l} h(\epsilon)& := \text{det}(A)= 1 - \mathrm{e}^{-\frac{2 a^{p} \epsilon^{p}}{2}}-\mathrm{e}^{-\frac{\epsilon^{p}}{2}} \left(\mathrm{e}^{-\frac{\epsilon^{p}}{2}}- \mathrm{e}^{-\frac{ (a^{p} +(a+1)^{p}) \epsilon^{p}}{2}} \right) \notag\\ &\quad+\mathrm{e}^{-\frac{(a+1)^{p} \epsilon^{p}}{2}} \left(\mathrm{e}^{-\frac{ (a^{p}+1) \epsilon^{p}}{2}} - \mathrm{e}^{-\frac{ (a+1)^{p} \epsilon^{p}}{2}} \right) \notag\\ &= 1 - \mathrm{e}^{-\frac{2 a^{p} \epsilon^{p}}{2}}-\mathrm{e}^{-\frac{2 \epsilon^{p}}{2}} + 2\mathrm{e}^{-\frac{ ((a+1)^{p}+a^{p}+1) \epsilon^{p}}{2}} - \mathrm{e}^{-\frac{ 2(a+1)^{p} \epsilon^{p}}{2}}. \end{array} $$
(77)
The idea of the proof is to show that for a small ε we have that h(ε)<0. To that end, we use the following small t approximation \(\mathrm {e}^{t}= 1+t+\frac {t^{2}}{2}+O(t^{3})\) in (77)
$$\begin{array}{*{20}l} h(\epsilon) & = 1- \left(1-\frac{2 a^{p} \epsilon^{p}}{2} + \left(\frac{2 a^{p} \epsilon^{p}}{2} \right)^{2} \right)- \left(1-\frac{2 \epsilon^{p}}{2} + \left(\frac{2 \epsilon^{p}}{2} \right)^{2} \right) \\ & \quad- \left(1-\frac{2 (a+1)^{p} \epsilon^{p}}{2} + \left(\frac{2 (a+1)^{p} \epsilon^{p}}{2} \right)^{2} \right) \\ &\quad+ 2 \left(1-\frac{ ((a+1)^{p}+a^{p}+1) \epsilon^{p}}{2} + \left(\frac{ ((a+1)^{p}+a^{p}+1) \epsilon^{p}}{2} \right)^{2} \right) +O \left(\epsilon^{3p} \right) \\ &= \epsilon^{2p} \left(\frac{ ((a+1)^{p}+a^{p}+1)^{2}}{2} -a^{2p}- (a+1)^{2p}-1 \right) +O \left(\epsilon^{3p} \right). \end{array} $$
The proof is concluded by taking ε small enough and noting that \( \frac { \left (\left (a+1\right)^{p}+a^{p}+1 \right)^{2}}{2} -a^{2p}- \left (a+1\right)^{2p}-1 \ge 0\) for p≤2 and \( \frac { \left (\left (a+1\right)^{p}+a^{p}+1 \right)^{2}}{2} -a^{2p}- \left (a+1\right)^{2p}-1 <0\) for p>2.
An easy way of see that \( \mathrm {e}^{-\frac {| x|^{p}}{ 2 }}\) is a positive definite function is by observing that \( \mathrm {e}^{-\frac {| x|^{p}}{ 2 }}\), for p(0,2], is a characteristic function of a stable distribution of order p. The proof then follows by Bochner's theorem (Ushakov 1999, Theorem 1.3.1.) which guarantees that all characteristic functions are positive definite. For other proofs that \( \mathrm {e}^{-\frac {| x|^{p}}{ 2 }}\) is positive definite for p(0,2] we refer the reader to (Lévy 1925) and (Bochner 1937).
To show that \( \mathrm {e}^{-\frac {| x|^{p}}{ 2 }}\) can be represented in the integral form given in (24) we use the proof outlined in (Bochner 1937). According to Bernstein's theorem (Widder 1946, Theorem 12.a) every completely monotone function can be written as a Laplace transform of some non-negative finite Borel measure μ. In Corollary 2 we have verified that \(\mathrm {e}^{-\frac {u^{\frac {p}{2}}}{2}}\) is a completely monotone function for p(0,2]. Therefore, according to Bernstein's theorem, we can write \(\mathrm {e}^{-\frac {u^{\frac {p}{2}}}{2}}\) for p(0,2] as follows: for u>0
$$ \mathrm{e}^{-\frac{u^{\frac{p}{2}}}{2}}=\int_{0}^{\infty} \mathrm{e}^{-ut} d \mu_{p}(t). $$
(78)
Substituting u=x2 into (78) completes the proof.
Appendix D: Proof of Proposition 5
To simplify the notation let \(r=\frac {2q}{p}\). To show that Xq=Vp,q·Xr, first observe that \(d \nu (t)=\frac {c_{q}}{c_{r}} \frac {1}{t^{\frac {1}{r}}} d\mu _{p}(t)\) is a probability measure where dμp(t) is the finite non-negative Borel measure defined in Theorem 1
$$\begin{array}{*{20}l} 1= \mathbb{P}(X_{q} \in \mathbb{R})&= \int_{\mathbb{R}} c_{q} \mathrm{e}^{-\frac{|x|^{q}}{ 2 }} dx\\ & \stackrel{a)}{= }\int_{\mathbb{R}} c_{q} \int_{0}^{\infty} e^{-\frac{t }{2} |x|^{r}} d\mu_{p}(t) dx\\ &\stackrel{b)}{=} c_{q} \int_{0}^{\infty} \int_{\mathbb{R}


text: Purpose-The aim of this piece of research was to detail the scope and nature of sectarianism as experienced by employees, managers and those with trade union responsibilities, in the Northern Ireland workplace. Design/methodology/approach-Four large organizations, two from the private and two from the public sector, were recruited to take part in this qualitative study. In-depth inter-views were carried out with managers and trade union personnel. Focus groups were run with employees. Findings-Data were submitted to thematic analysis. The major themes to emerge included: the extent of experienced sectarianism, sources of sectarianism, the nature of sectarian harassment, ''tolerable'' sectarianism, and the management of difference. Research limitations/implications-Short-comings of the study include the possibility that social desirability effects could have operated to underplay sectarian attitudes. Again the limitations of a qualitative methodology in providing estimates of the extent of sectarianism in the broader population are acknowledged. Practical implications-Practical implications of the findings for controlling sectarianism and managing diversity are discussed in terms of organizational formalization, the promotion of a common ingroup workforce identity, and the informal procedures used by employees to manage difference on a day-to-day basis. Originality/value-The study is particularly pertinent, given that there has been little attempt to capture the experiences of sectarianism in workplaces from the perspective of managers, employees and trade union personnel.


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Q. What are the differences between the 900 MHz and 2.4 GHz frequencies?
A. As radio waves travel the radio signals gradually lose energy. The higher the frequency of transmission, the quicker the radio wave will lose energy down to a point where it cannot be detected by a receiver. Higher frequency waves also lose energy quicker when trying to penetrate walls, trees, or other obstructions. If both a 900 MHz radio and a 2.4 GHz radio had the same output power and receive sensitivity and were compared side by side, the 900 MHz radio would get almost twice the range of the 2.4 GHz radio.
If deploying systems in the United States or Canada, either 900 MHz or 2.4 GHz can be used without additional government agency approvals. The European union and most of the Asian countries do not allow 900 MHz systems, so normally 2.4 GHz systems are deployed in those countries. Whether your preference is 900 MHz or 2.4 GHz, Digi has a variety of solutions to meet the needs of your application.


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The Lockport Community Development Group is proudly presenting the Lockport "First Farmers" Market!
The market will happen every Sunday in summer starting on Sunday, July 10 (with the possibility of starting sooner, we will keep you updated!). You can come enjoy the market from 11:00 am to 5:00 pm. The last date will be September 18.
You can find the market at the Lockport Heritage Park, 23022 PTH 44 in Lockport.
Take advantage of this awesome, community opportunity, as the group is currently looking for more vendors to help make this a success. The cost is $40.00 per 12′ x 12′ site.
Contact Chris for more information _PHONE_.
First Farmers in the Red River Valley
Aboriginal people living on this site in the early 1400s used a wide range of food sources that included the cultivation and harvesting of corn. This represents the earliest known evidence of farming on the Canadian prairies, and the northernmost expressions of pre-European horticulture on the North American continent.
Major population growth between 100 and 1300 A.D. in Minnesota, the Dakotas, and Iowa, followed by several decades of drought, led to the dispersal of local farming communities. People associated with these communities brought the knowledge of horticulture to the Red River Valley.
Archaeological investigations on this site in the 1980s unearthed charred corn kernels, hoes made from the shoulder-blades of bison, underground storage pits (some of which were up to 2 metres deep), and pottery styles that originated among the Native farming, cultures of the upper Mississippi and Missouri river valleys.


Product Idea
Europa Theme: Explorer Rover
The moon Europa is one of Jupiter's many moons. It is possible that there are frozen methane oceans. In this set you can explore the surface of this moon with your mini figures and drill into the ice to get some methane! You can travel along Europa's surface on the Explorer Rover! Enjoy!
This set comes with the exploration rover Explorer (like the ones they use on Mars) that has wheels that adapt to the terrain, a methane drill to dig through the ice, and three different Europa Mission style mini figures.


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Domestication of Australian grasses as bioenergy crops
Due to geographic isolation and a short agricultural history, plant species from Australia have not been subject to domestication in the same way as species from other parts of the world. Around 10% of the world's grasses, over 1000 species, are found in Australia. Traits that have been selected in the domestication of major cereal crops have now been defined and key genes characterized. These loci are being targeted in an effort to accelerate the domestication of selected Australian grasses for a range of uses including pastures, food and energy. Biomass traits for energy production include some of the traditional domestication traits but also extend to other traits not selected in domestication for food or feed. Microlaena stipoides, a distant relative of rice is currently a key target for domestication. The rice genome sequences and genomics data for other Oryza are key genomics resources for this species. Natural variation and targeted mutagenesis are being explored as options for identifying desirable genotypes for domestication. Endonucleolytic mutation analysis by internal labelling (EMAIL) and large scale SNP analyses are being developed for application to this system. This model of accelerated domestication has the potential to be utilised across a broad range of useful wild species.
Shapter, FM, Henry, RJ, Malory, S & Chivers, I 2008, 'Domestication of Australian grasses as bioenergy crops', 6th National Native Grasslands Conference – Regenerative Native Grassland Management for Profitable, Ecological and Social Gains, Horscham, Victoria, 9-11 November.


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Announcements for philex
philex – Cross references for named and numbered environments
Philex provides means for creating and cross-referencing named or numbered environments. Possible uses would be equations, example sentences (as in linguistics or philosophy) or named principles. Cross references may refer either to the number, or to a short name of the target environment, or to the contents of the environment.
Philex builds on the facilities of the linguex package.


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Dr. Rachid Moussadek elected as Chair of the FAO NENA Soil Partnership
ICARDA is delighted to announce that Dr. Rachid Moussadek was elected Chair of the FAO Near East and North Africa Soil Partnership (NENA) Soil Partnership in a meeting in March 2023 in Muscat, Oman. The meeting was attended by representatives of 20 member countries. Dr. Moussadek is a Systems Cropping Agronomist at ICARDA and Joint Researcher of the Moroccan Institut National de Recherche Agronomique (INRA), specializing in/focused on Sustainable Soil and Land Management
The Global Soil Partnership (GSP) is an internationally acknowledged initiative to elevate the importance of soils on the global stage and advocate for sustainable soil management. Hosted by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations and founded in 2012, it focuses on enhancing soil governance, ensuring the productivity of soils to support food security, climate change adaptation and mitigation, and sustainable development for all.
The NENA Soil Partnership is the regional branch for the Near East and North Africa (NENA). It translates national priorities into regional initiatives through its Annual NENA GSP meetings and implementation plan. Its objectives include promoting knowledge sharing, addressing food security challenges, enhancing carbon sequestration, combating land degradation, and advocating for environmental protection and sustainable soil management practices in response to climate change.
"Healthy soil for healthy food and a healthy planet! It is crucial to join forces for more knowledge-sharing to identify and promote the best sustainable soil management adapted to local conditions to enhance agri-food system resilience in vulnerable zones, such as drylands in NENA regional" said Dr. Moussadek after his election.
During his 3-year presidency as Chair of the NENA Soil Partnership, he will support member countries and GSP focal points to raise governments' awareness about the importance of soil health for food security, climate change adaptation, and sustainable development. He will also help them to promote capacity building and better knowledge sharing for sustainable soil management. Furthermore, he will work on strengthening regional partnerships and collaborations and oversee the implementation of the regional work plan of the NENA Soil Partnership.


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FRUIT fly eradication efforts in the Riverland will reach new heights, with more community and grower involvement than ever before, as the weather warms up and flies re-emerge, threatening locally-grown fruit.
The Fruit Fly Spring Eradication Plan led by PIRSA started on August 1 to provide the best chance at getting fruit fly numbers down ahead of warmer spring weather in September.
The spring plan includes a new grower self-baiting program, traps on residential properties, and higher levels of activity in the highest risk areas.
Residents in red outbreak zones will start to see more PIRSA staff out and about, requesting access to yards to install or check fruit fly traps.
The Cera-traps, capture and kill fruit flies and are safe to people and pets.
Traps will be regularly checked by PIRSA, residents with home gardens may see traps in their trees, even if they are not fruit trees, as fruit flies rest and feed on all kinds of leaves.
Fruit Fly Response general manager Nick Secomb said was confident they could get on top of fruit fly in the Riverland.
"We eradicated Adelaide's 12 outbreaks last year, and together with industry have developed this Spring Eradication Plan to do just that," he said..
"Community will play an integral role. PIRSA can't do it alone, and just as Adelaide residents helped us last year, we know the Riverland community is stepping up and will help us even more now to prevent fruit fly breeding in backyards.
"To help the traps and bait have the greatest impact, it's everyone's job to pick their ripe fruit promptly and collect fallen fruit off the ground to break the fruit fly life cycle. It seems like a simple thing, but it really does work to stop the flies from successfully breeding."
Riverland Fruit Fly Committee chair Jason Size said the horticultural industry has been working closely with PIRSA to explore new ways of responding to the Riverland fruit fly outbreaks.
"We've been working through different scenarios because with 13 Riverland fruit fly outbreaks, fruit movement conditions for the horticultural industry became unmanageable," he said.
"Changes have been made to make it easier for commercial growers to receive the permission they need from PIRSA to do business across fruit fly affected areas.
"These changes came after some good consultation, and provided a great opportunity to look at the eradication approach a bit differently.
"Our joint planning day in June was a day of key Riverland stakeholders working together to develop a more flexible and proactive plan to get rid of fruit fly in the Riverland.
"The Spring Eradication Plan offers eligible commercial growers free bait and devices such as traps to use on their properties.
"PIRSA will bait and deploy devices for 200 metres around detection sites, but outside that it's over to growers in outbreak areas to use the bait and devices PIRSA will supply.
"With growers' help, this spring the eradication effort will achieve a greater reach and greater intensity than previously possible.
"PIRSA and industry are confident that the new approach gives the region the best possible chance of achieving fruit fly eradication in the Riverland Pest Free Area."
Primary industries minister Clare Scriven said it's important PIRSA, growers and the community work together to get on top of these outbreaks.
"We're committed to working alongside our growers, retailers and residents to ensure they have the right education and tools on hand to help protect our horticulture industry," she said.
Commercial growers interested in being part of the self-baiting program are encouraged to e-mail _EMAIL_ or call 1300 666 010 to request a registration form.
Sign up here to Good Fruit and Vegetables weekly newsletter for all the latest horticulture news each Thursday...
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This modules contains the interface to the heart process. heart sends periodic heartbeats to an external port program, which is also named heart. The purpose of the heart port program is to check that the Erlang runtime system it is supervising is still running. If the port program has not received any heartbeats within HEART_BEAT_TIMEOUT seconds (default is 60 seconds), the system can be rebooted. Also, if the system is equipped with a hardware watchdog timer and is running Solaris, the watchdog can be used to supervise the entire system.
An Erlang runtime system to be monitored by a heart program, should be started with the command line flag -heart (see also erl(1). The heart process is then started automatically:
% erl -heart...
If the system should be rebooted because of missing heart-beats, or a terminated Erlang runtime system, the environment variable HEART_COMMAND has to be set before the system is started. If this variable is not set, a warning text will be printed but the system will not reboot. However, if the hardware watchdog is used, it will trigger a reboot HEART_BEAT_BOOT_DELAY seconds later nevertheless (default is 60).
To reboot on the WINDOWS platform HEART_COMMAND can be set to heart -shutdown (included in the Erlang delivery) or of course to any other suitable program which can activate a reboot.
The hardware watchdog will not be started under Solaris if the environment variable HW_WD_DISABLE is set.
The HEART_BEAT_TIMEOUT and HEART_BEAT_BOOT_DELAY environment variables can be used to configure the heart timeouts, they can be set in the operating system shell before Erlang is started or be specified at the command line:
% erl -heart -env HEART_BEAT_TIMEOUT 30...
The value (in seconds) must be in the range 10 < X <= 65535.
It should be noted that if the system clock is adjusted with more than HEART_BEAT_TIMEOUT seconds, heart will timeout and try to reboot the system. This can happen, for example, if the system clock is adjusted automatically by use of NTP (Network Time Protocol).
In the following descriptions, all function fails with reason badarg if heart is not started.
Sets a temporary reboot command. This command is used if a HEART_COMMAND other than the one specified with the environment variable should be used in order to reboot the system. The new Erlang runtime system will (if it misbehaves) use the environment variable HEART_COMMAND to reboot.
Limitations: The length of the Cmd command string must be less than 2047 characters.
Clears the temporary boot command. If the system terminates, the normal HEART_COMMAND is used to reboot.
Get the temporary reboot command. If the command is cleared, the empty string will be returned.


Sermon June 21: The Fear of Suffering
Sermon given by the Rev. Andy James at Choctaw United Methodist Church on Sunday, June 21, "The Fear of Suffering."
Scripture 1: Romans 5:1-8
Scripture 2: 1 Peter 4:12-19
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Church Services:
* Nursery care is provided for children three and under.
* Social-distancing wristbands will be available on greeting tables. These wristbands are used to indicated a person's willingness for close interaction: Green = okay with high-fives and handshakes, Yellow = okay with talking but no touching, Red = would like to maintain a distance of six feet.


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This paper presents a comparison between experimental and theoretical studies of a DC plasma torch.
A mathematical 2D model including both the arc and plume regions was developed by using Patankar's resolution method. In parallel, emission spectroscopy was performed on an identical DC plasma torch geometry for the temperature determination of the plume. The plasma gas is argon and the
ambient gas is air or argon at atmospheric pressure. The results of the experiments and of the code give similar behaviours such as an increase of the temperature on the axis with an increase of the arc current. The rise of
inlet gas flow rate tends to constrict the plasma leading to a heating of the axis region. The radial temperature gradients were sharper in air than in argon. Due to the differences on thermal conductivity and heat capacity, the cooling effect is more pronounced in air than in argon.


color for this boolean condition.
getItalic() Boolean Returns true if this boolean condition italicises the text and returns false if this boolean condition removes italics from the text.
getStrikethrough() Boolean Returns true if this boolean condition strikes through the text and returns false if this boolean condition removes strikethrough from the text.
getUnderline() Boolean Returns true if this boolean condition underlines the text and returns false if this boolean condition removes underlining from the text.
BooleanCriteria
プロパティ
Property Type Description
CELL_EMPTY Enum The criteria is met when a cell is empty.
CELL_NOT_EMPTY Enum The criteria is met when a cell is not empty.
DATE_AFTER Enum The criteria is met when a date is after the given value.
DATE_BEFORE Enum The criteria is met when a date is before the given value.
DATE_EQUAL_TO Enum The criteria is met when a date is equal to the given value.
DATE_AFTER_RELATIVE Enum The criteria is met when a date is after the relative date value.
DATE_BEFORE_RELATIVE Enum The criteria is met when a date is before the relative date value.
DATE_EQUAL_TO_RELATIVE Enum The criteria is met when a date is equal to the relative date value.
NUMBER_BETWEEN Enum The criteria is met when a number that is between the given values.
NUMBER_EQUAL_TO Enum The criteria is met when a number that is equal to the given value.
NUMBER_GREATER_THAN Enum The criteria is met when a number that is greater than the given value.
NUMBER_GREATER_THAN_OR_EQUAL_TO Enum The criteria is met when a number that is greater than or equal to the given value.
NUMBER_LESS_THAN Enum The criteria is met when a number that is less than the given value.
NUMBER_LESS_THAN_OR_EQUAL_TO Enum The criteria is met when a number that is less than or equal to the given value.
NUMBER_NOT_BETWEEN Enum The criteria is met when a number that is not between the given values.
NUMBER_NOT_EQUAL_TO Enum The criteria is met when a number that is not equal to the given value.
TEXT_CONTAINS Enum The criteria is met when the input contains the given value.
TEXT_DOES_NOT_CONTAIN Enum The criteria is met when the input does not contain the given value.
TEXT_EQUAL_TO Enum The criteria is met when the input is equal to the given value.
TEXT_STARTS_WITH Enum The criteria is met when the input begins with the given value.
TEXT_ENDS_WITH Enum The criteria is met when the input ends with the given value.
CUSTOM_FORMULA Enum The criteria is met when the input makes the given formula evaluate to true.
BorderStyle
プロパティ
Property Type Description
DOTTED Enum Dotted line borders.
DASHED Enum Dashed line borders.
SOLID Enum Thin solid line borders.
SOLID_MEDIUM Enum Medium solid line borders.
SOLID_THICK Enum Thick solid line borders.
DOUBLE Enum Two solid line borders.
Color
メソッド
Method Return type Brief description
asRgbColor() RgbColor Converts this color to an RgbColor.
asThemeColor() ThemeColor Converts this color to a ThemeColor.
getColorType() ColorType Get the type of this color.
ColorBuilder
メソッド
Method Return type Brief description
asRgbColor() RgbColor Converts this color to an RgbColor.
asThemeColor() ThemeColor Converts this color to a ThemeColor.
build() Color Creates a color object from the settings supplied to the builder.
getColorType() ColorType Get the type of this color.
setRgbColor(cssString) ColorBuilder Sets as RGB color.
setThemeColor(themeColorType) ColorBuilder Sets as theme color.
ConditionalFormatRule
メソッド
Method Return type Brief description
copy() ConditionalFormatRuleBuilder Returns a rule builder preset with this rule's settings.
getBooleanCondition() BooleanCondition Retrieves the rule's BooleanCondition information if this rule uses boolean condition criteria.
getGradientCondition() GradientCondition Retrieves the rule's GradientCondition information, if this rule uses gradient condition criteria.
getRanges() Range[] Retrieves the ranges to which this conditional format rule is applied.
ConditionalFormatRuleBuilder
メソッド
Method Return type Brief description
build() ConditionalFormatRule Constructs a conditional format rule from the settings applied to the builder.
copy() ConditionalFormatRuleBuilder Returns a rule builder preset with this rule's settings.
getBooleanCondition() BooleanCondition Retrieves the rule's BooleanCondition information if this rule uses boolean condition criteria.
getGradientCondition() GradientCondition Retrieves the rule's GradientCondition information, if this rule uses gradient condition criteria.
getRanges() Range[] Retrieves the ranges to which this conditional format rule is applied.
setBackground(color) ConditionalFormatRuleBuilder Sets the background color for the conditional format rule's format.
setBackgroundObject(color) ConditionalFormatRuleBuilder Sets the background color for the conditional format rule's format.
setBold(bold) ConditionalFormatRuleBuilder Sets text bolding for the conditional format rule's format.
setFontColor(color) ConditionalFormatRuleBuilder Sets the font color for the conditional format rule's format.
setFontColorObject(color) ConditionalFormatRuleBuilder Sets the font color for the conditional format rule's format.
setGradientMaxpoint(color) ConditionalFormatRuleBuilder Clears the conditional format rule's gradient maxpoint value, and instead uses the maximum value in the rule's ranges.
setGradientMaxpointObject(color) ConditionalFormatRuleBuilder Clears the conditional format rule's gradient maxpoint value, and instead uses the maximum value in the rule's ranges.
setGradientMaxpointObjectWithValue(color, type, value) ConditionalFormatRuleBuilder Sets the conditional format rule's gradient maxpoint fields.
setGradientMaxpointWithValue(color, type, value) ConditionalFormatRuleBuilder Sets the conditional format rule's gradient maxpoint fields.
setGradientMidpointObjectWithValue(color, type, value) ConditionalFormatRuleBuilder Sets the conditional format rule's gradient midpoint fields.
setGradientMidpointWithValue(color, type, value) ConditionalFormatRuleBuilder Sets the conditional format rule's gradient midpoint fields.
setGradientMinpoint(color) ConditionalFormatRuleBuilder Clears the conditional format rule's gradient minpoint value, and instead uses the minimum value in the rule's ranges.
setGradientMinpointObject(color) ConditionalFormatRuleBuilder Clears the conditional format rule's gradient minpoint value, and instead uses the minimum value in the rule's ranges.
setGradientMinpointObjectWithValue(color, type, value) ConditionalFormatRuleBuilder Sets the conditional format rule's gradient minpoint fields.
setGradientMinpointWithValue(color, type, value) ConditionalFormatRuleBuilder Sets the conditional format rule's gradient minpoint fields.
setItalic(italic) ConditionalFormatRuleBuilder Sets text italics for the conditional format rule's format.
setRanges(ranges) ConditionalFormatRuleBuilder Sets one or more ranges to which this conditional format rule is applied.
setStrikethrough(strikethrough) ConditionalFormatRuleBuilder Sets text strikethrough for the conditional format rule's format.
setUnderline(underline) ConditionalFormatRuleBuilder Sets text underlining for the conditional format rule's format.
whenCellEmpty() ConditionalFormatRuleBuilder Sets the conditional format rule to trigger when the cell is empty.
whenCellNotEmpty() ConditionalFormatRuleBuilder Sets the conditional format rule to trigger when the cell is not empty.
whenDateAfter(date) ConditionalFormatRuleBuilder Sets the conditional format rule to trigger when a date is after the given value.
whenDateAfter(date) ConditionalFormatRuleBuilder Sets the conditional format rule to trigger when a date is after the given relative date.
whenDateBefore(date) ConditionalFormatRuleBuilder Sets the conditional format rule to trigger when a date is before the given date.
whenDateBefore(date) ConditionalFormatRuleBuilder Sets the conditional format rule to trigger when a date is before the given relative date.
whenDateEqualTo(date) ConditionalFormatRuleBuilder Sets the conditional format rule to trigger when a date is equal to the given date.
whenDateEqualTo(date) ConditionalFormatRuleBuilder Sets the conditional format rule to trigger when a date is equal to the given relative date.
whenFormulaSatisfied(formula) ConditionalFormatRuleBuilder Sets the


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The European ash (F. excelsior), with 7 to 11 leaflets, is a timber tree of wide distribution throughout Europe. A number of its varieties have been cultivated and used in landscaping for centuries. Notable among these are forms with dwarflike or weeping habits, variegated foliage, warty twigs and branches, and curled leaves. The flowering ash (F. ornus) of southern Europe...
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Stupid Web Tricks: Limit how long a splash page is displayed
Splash screens are great, but you don't want them to prevent visitors from getting to your real home page. Find out how to limit how long a splash page displays.
By Lauren Guzak and Patrick Joseph
(1/26/99, updated 6/22/01)
You want a splash screen to announce something big—your company's IPO, the birth of your kid—but you also want to make sure people get to your real home page. Why trust the audience to be smart enough to figure it out? Just tell the page to automatically move on in x number of seconds.
Step One
Paste the following code between the <HEAD> tags of your page:
<META http-equiv="refresh" content="10; URL=index.html">
Step Two
Play with the timing to suit your needs. Our sample code sets the page to move on to the next URL in ten seconds (that's the 10 in the code), but only because that seems like an appropriate amount of time. Depending on what's on the page, you can set the timing interval to anything you want. Just make sure that people visiting your site have enough time to read through any text. There's nothing more annoying than going to a page, starting to read what's there, and being forcefully thrust to another page before you've finished.
One problem with using meta refresh is that the clock starts ticking when the page starts loading. If a user is on a slow connection or there's congestion between the user's machine and your server, the page could refresh before fully loading. You can get around this by foregoing the <META> tag and instead place the following attribute in your <BODY> tag:
onload=setTimeout("location.href='index.html'",10000)
The onload event handler activates after the page has finished loading. Unlike meta refresh, onLoad takes its timing in milliseconds (10000) instead of seconds (10). Remember that this method doesn't work for non-JavaScript browsers; for those users, consider including meta refresh with a longer timeout. And you should always provide a link to the refresh page, both as a backup and a consideration.
One more thing. Your server probably has a default name for the first page it serves when someone browses your Web directory, such as index.html or homepage.html. If you put up a temporary splash page, you have to give the splash page the default name and rename your home page something else. Make sure you double-check the links to your home page when you set up a splash page and when you take it down.
Lauren Guzak is a project manager for Ask Jeeves, and Patrick Joseph is a freelance writer.


Pasar al contenido principal
 Tag-overlap statistic calculation method
 Solicitar acceso a documento de reunión
 Número de documento:
 WG-SAM-2023/18
 Autor(es):
 CCAMLR Secretariat
 Presentado por:
 Mr Daphnis De Pooter (Secretaría de la CCRVMA)
 Aprobado por:
 Dr David Agnew (Secretaría de la CCRVMA)
 Resumen
 The formula to calculate the tag overlap statistic is specified in footnote 3 of CM 41-01 Annex C. This formula is used to compare the length frequency distribution of tagged fish to that of caught fish. However, observers do not measure the lengths of all caught and retained fish which complicates the calculation of this similarity indicator. Here we describe the rationale and preferred method to estimate the length frequency distribution of caught fish.


The difference is that entropy will be the compressed value giving the information about the image and histogram is the distribution information about the image.
 Fig. 3: Flow chart for Histogram difference based key frame extraction
 Normalized histogram computation is given by [6], p(r_k )=n_kMN
 (eqn.2)
 Where,
 k is the luminance value of a pixel, rk is the luminance value of kth pixel,
 p(rk) is the probability of occurrence of a rk, MN is the dimension of the image.
 From (eqn.1) and (eqn.2) it is clear that both the methods are based on the probability of occurrence of the luminance levels in the image, i.e. the frame of the video sequence.
 Based On Color Histogram Difference:
 The color histograms have been commonly used for key frame extraction in frame difference based techniques. This is because the color is one of the most important visual features to describe an image. Color histograms are easy to compute and are robust in case of small camera motions. The idea behind histogram based approaches is that two frames with unchanging background and unchanging (although moving) objects will have little difference in their histograms.
 Fig. 4: Flow chart for Color Histogram difference based key frame extraction
 Experimental Results:
 We did our experiment with the Wildlife video, consists of a total of 901 frames. First the average entropy difference between consecutive two frames is calculated, which is 0.01744. Threshold value used is 0.19814 (11 times the average entropy difference). When the entropy difference between two consecutive frames exceeds the threshold, the latter frame is taken as key frame. In this way 8 key frames (Frame index: 2, 110, 189, 196, 339,
 504, 607 and 721) are identified. Then the average histogram difference is calculated, which is 3870.8. As used in the case of entropy based procedure, we fixed the threshold 23224.8 (6 times the average histogram difference between two consecutive frames). When the histogram difference between two frames exceeds the threshold, the latter is taken as key frame. In this we way 8 key frames (Frame index: 2, 110, 189, 196, 339, 504, 607 and 721) are identified.
 These threshold values used are identified experimentally. The threshold value less than 10 times the average entropy difference for entropy based method and less than 5 times the average histogram difference for histogram based method had given wrong identification of the key frames. Too much of frames are identified as key frames out of which many frames violates the condition to be the key frame. With 10 times the average entropy difference (0.1744) as threshold for entropy based method had given 10 key frames (2, 110, 189, 190, 193, 196, 339,
 504, 607, 721) and with 5 times the average histogram difference (19354) as threshold for histogram based method had given 9 key frames (2, 110, 189, 190, 196, 339,
 504, 607, 721). Frames 190 and 193 were similar to 189 and could not be the correctly identified key frames as they may not be said independent of other frames.
 Fig.6 Key frames extracted from the Entropy difference method
 Comparison Table:
 Methods
 Time Taken (seconds)
 Key Frame Numbers
 Color Histogram Difference Based KFE
 910.837864
 2,126,203,204,205,214,354,519,625,7
 38
 Histogram Difference Based KFE
 794.629515
 2,126,203,204,214,354,519,625,738
 Entropy Difference Based KFE
 724.538702
 2,126,192,203,214,354,625,738
 Future work:
 Now the KFE methods have been implemented, process of image segmentation will be planned.
 1. APPLICATIONS
 The goal of the distance learning is to provide quality of learning that is effective and comparable with the traditional classroom environment.
 Telemedicine is used to provide the good health care services where direct services are difficult to provide due to some geographical environment. It is combination of audio, video, electronic information which provides diagnosis, consultations, and procedures to the patients at remote site here also key frame will provides a major help.
 Key frame extraction is useful for enhancing the functionality of the interactive televisions.
 In multimedia key frames is important to extract and analyze the important information required for user such as digital libraries, video retrieval etc.
 2. CONCLUSION:
The above comparison of various KFE techniques successfully detects the shot boundary key frames. KFE has lead to an increasing demand of efficient techniques to store, retrieve, index & summarize the video. In this paper various KFE techniques for extracting key frames have been implemented. Since many techniques for KFE have been implemented, the advantages, disadvantages and time behavior of each method have been understood.
REFERENCE:
 1. AriffaBegum ,S. &Askarunisa, A (2014) Performance Analysis of Various Key Frame Extraction Methods for Surveillance Applications, International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering, Vol .4, No.9
 2. Aziz Makandar & Daneshwari Mulimani (2016), Key frame extraction and Object Detection in the Sports Video, International Conference on Soft Computing Techniques in Engineering and Technology (ASCTET)
 3. Chandra Shekhar Mithlesh & Dolley Shukla (2016) A Case Study of Key frame Extraction Techniques, International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical, Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering, Vol.5, No.
 4. Chinh Dang & Hayder Radha (2015) RPCA-KFE: Key Frame Extraction for Video Using Robust Principal Component Analysis,
 IEEE Transactions On Image Processing, Vol.24, No.11
 5. Ganesh. I. Rathod et al (2013) An Algorithm for Shot Boundary Detection and Key Frame Extraction Using Histogram Difference, International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering, Vol.3, No.8, Difference,International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering,Vol. 3, No. 8
 6. Guozhu Liu & Junming Zhao (2009), Key Frame Extraction from MPEG Video Stream, Proceedings of the Second Symposium International Computer Science and Computational Technology (ISCSCT09) Huangshan, P. R. China, 26-28, pp. 007-011
 7. Kasturi, R.&Jain,R.( 1991), Dynamic vision, in Computer Vision: Principles (R. Kasturi and R. Jain, eds.), pp. 469-480, IEEE Computer Society Press
 8. Kikukawa, T. & Kawafuchi, S. (1992), Development of an automatic summary editing system for the audiovisual resources,
 IEEE Trans. on Electronics and Information, J75-A, pp. 204-212
 9. IjyaChugh et al (2016) Techniques for Key Frame Extraction: Shot segmentation and feature trajectory computation, International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical, Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering, Vol.22, No.12
 10. KhinThandar Tint&KyiSoe ( 2013),Key Frame Extraction for Video Summarization Using DWT Wavelet Statistics, International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Engineering & Technology (IJARCET, Vol. 2, No. 5
 11. Kumthekar, A.V et al (2013) Key frame extraction using color histogram method, International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical, Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering, Vol.2,
 No.4, pp.207-214
 12. Priyanka, U. et al (2016) Analysis of Various Keyframe Extraction Methods, International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research, Vol.4, No.2, pp.35-40
 13. Markos Mentzelopoulos & Alexandra Psarrou,Key-frame extraction algorithm using entropy difference
 14. Sanjoy Ghatak (2016) Key-frame extraction using Threshold technique, International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical, Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering, Vol.1,
 No.8, pp.67-74
 15. Sanjoy Ghatak et al (2013) Extraction of Key Frames from News Video Using EDF, MDF AND HI Method for News Video Summarization International Journal of Engineering and Innovative Technology, Vol.2, No.12
 16. Sheena & Narayanana, N. K.(2015) Key-frame extraction by analysis of histograms of video frames using statistical methods, 4th International Conference on Eco-friendly Computing and Communication Systems, ELSEVIER Procedia Computer Science
 17. Soham Sarkar & Swagatam Das (2013) Multilevel Image Thresholding Based on 2D Histogram and Maximum Tsallis Entropy A Differential Evolution Approach, IEEE Transactions On Image Processing, Vol. 22, No. 12
 18. Truong,B.T, et al (2000), New enhancements to cut, fade, and dissolve detection processes in video segmentation, ACM Multimedia 2000, pp. 219-227.
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Language: Node definitions
A node definition or node statement is a block of Puppet code that will only be included in matching nodes' catalogs. This feature allows you to assign specific configurations to specific nodes.
Node statements are an optional feature of Puppet. They can be replaced by or combined with an external node classifier, or you can eschew both and use conditional statements with facts to classify nodes.
Unlike more general conditional structures, node statements only match nodes by name. By default, the name of a node is its certname (which defaults to the node's fully qualified domain name).
Node definitions should go in the main manifest. The main manifest can be a single file, or a directory containing many files.
# /etc/puppetlabs/puppet/manifests/site.pp
node '' {
 include common
 include apache
 include squid
node '' {
 include common
 include mysql
In the example above, only would receive the apache and squid classes, and only would receive the mysql class.
 - The node keyword
 - The name(s) of the node(s), separated by commas (with an optional final trailing comma)
 - An opening curly brace
 - A closing curly brace
Aside: Best practices
Although node statements can contain almost any Puppet code, we recommend that you only use them to set variables and declare classes. Avoid using resource declarations, collectors, conditional statements, chaining relationships, and functions in them; all of these belong in classes or defined types.
This will make it easier to switch between node definitions and an ENC.
Node statements match nodes by name. A node's name is its unique identifier; by default, this is its certname setting, which in turn defaults to the node's fully qualified domain name.
Note on Non-Certname Node Names
A node statement's name must be one of the following:
 - A regular expression.
 - The bare word default.
You may not create two node statements with the same name.
Multiple names
You can use a comma-separated list of names to create a group of nodes with a single node statement:
node '', '', '' {
 include common
 include apache, squid
This example creates three identical nodes:,, and
The default node
The name default (without quotes) is a special value for node names. If no node statement matching a given node can be found, the default node will be used. See Behavior below.
Regular expression names
Regular expressions (regexes) can be used as node names. This is another method for writing a single node statement that matches multiple nodes.
Note: Make sure all of your node regexes match non-overlapping sets of node names. If a node's name matches more than one regex, Puppet makes no guarantee about which matching definition it will get.
node /^www\d+$/ {
 include common
The above example would match www1, www13, and any other node whose name consisted of www and one or more digits.
node /^(foo|bar)\.example\.com$/ {
 include common
The above example would match and, but no other nodes.
If the main manifest contains at least one node definition, it must have one for every node; compilation for a node will fail if one cannot be found. (Hence the usefulness of the default node.) If the main manifest contains no node definitions, this requirement is dropped.
A given node will only get the contents of one node definition, even if two node statements could match a node's name. Puppet will do the following checks in order when deciding which definition to use:
 1. If there is a node definition with the node's exact name, Puppet will use it.
 2. If there is a regular expression node statement that matches the node's name, Puppet will use it. (If more than one regex node matches, Puppet will use one of them, with no guarantee as to which.)
 3. If the node's name looks like a fully qualified domain name (i.e. multiple period-separated groups of letters, numbers, underscores and dashes), Puppet will chop off the final group and start again at step 1. (That is, if a definition for isn't found, Puppet will look for a definition matching www01.example.)
 4. Puppet will use the default node.
Thus, for the node, Puppet would try the following, in order:
 - A regex that matches
 - www01.example
 - A regex that matches www01.example
 - www01
 - A regex that matches www01
 - default
You can turn off this fuzzy name matching by changing the Puppet master's strict_hostname_checking setting to true. This will cause Puppet to skip step 3 and only use the node's full name before resorting to default.
Regex capture variables
Regex node definitions will set numbered regex capture variables ($1, $2, etc.) within the body of the node definition. This is similar to the behavior of conditional statements that use regexes.
Code outside node statements
Puppet code that is outside any node statement will be compiled for every node. That is, a given node will get both the code in its node definition and the code outside any node definition.
Node scope
Node definitions create a new anonymous scope that can override variables and defaults from top scope. See the section on node scope for details.
Merging with ENC data
Node definitions and external node classifiers can co-exist. Puppet merges their data as follows:
 - Variables from an ENC are set at top scope and can thus be overridden by variables in a node definition.
 - Classes from an ENC are declared at node scope, which means they will be affected by any variables set in the node definition.
Although ENCs and node definitions can work together, we recommend that most users pick one or the other.
Inheritance is not allowed
In earlier versions of the Puppet language, nodes could inherit from other nodes using the inherits keyword. We removed that feature, and this version of the language will raise an error if you try to use it.
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text:
What was life for those slaves that make fleeting appearances in the historical records of towns like Pompeii? What memories of life before slavery haunted them? How does power in relationships influence identity? Mike Davidson explores the life of the slaves briefly with these questions in mind.
The Slaves in Pompeii: Power and Identity
Listening to the Silenced


text:
- Do pandas kill their babies?
- Why can pandas only eat bamboo?
- Are baby pandas dangerous?
- Do pandas kill humans?
- Why do pandas die?
- What do pandas eat and drink?
- What do baby pandas eat in the wild?
- Why do baby pandas die so easily?
- What do pandas do all day?
- Do pandas eat carrots?
- Do baby pandas eat poop?
- How long do pandas live for?
- How fast do baby pandas grow?
- What happens if you kill a panda?
- Why are baby pandas taken from their mothers?
- How many pandas are left in the world 2020?
- What do baby pandas drink?
- What eats a panda?
- Can pandas be pets?
- Has a panda ever killed anyone?
- Do people eat pandas?
Do pandas kill their babies?
Panda mothers can accidentally crush their babies.
The tiny pandas are especially vulnerable in the face of the mother's 200-pound (90-kilogram) frame.
In 2006, a giant panda in China accidentally killed her newborn as it nursed..
Why can pandas only eat bamboo?
Scientists think the iconic black and white bears switched to eating bamboo in part because it's extremely abundant and they don't have to fight with other animals to get it. Bamboo is high in fiber but has a low concentration of nutrients, so pandas have to eat 20 to 40 pounds of the stuff every day just to get by.
Are baby pandas dangerous?
Even in captivity, where pandas are used to being cooed over by humans, they can be dangerous. … The panda needs this impressive bite if it is to crack its way into the tough sheath of a bamboo stem.
Do pandas kill humans?
No matter how many adorable videos you've seen of pandas, don't approach a giant panda in the wild. They have strong grips and can deliver powerful bites that are strong enough to harm a human leg.
Why do pandas die?
Giant pandas first became endangered in 1990 due to excessive poaching in the 80s and deforestation, depleting their bamboo food source. … A fickle species, bamboo can grow extensively in mountainous or barren lands, but then dies in the winter.
What do pandas eat and drink?
A panda's daily diet consists almost entirely of the leaves, stems and shoots of various bamboo species. Bamboo contains very little nutritional value so pandas must eat 12-38kg every day to meet their energy needs. But they do branch out, with about 1% of their diet comprising other plants and even meat.
What do baby pandas eat in the wild?
BambooAfter 6 Months – Beginning to Eat Bamboo They begin to eat bamboo. It's about spring time and their growing process gets faster after 6 months. Male pandas generally develop faster than female pandas.
Why do baby pandas die so easily?
Giant Pandas Are Very Bad at Keeping Babies Alive At birth, newborns are only about the size of a stick of butter – approximately four inches long and four ounces heavy. Their small size and developmental immaturity combine for a panda infant mortality rate during the first year of 40%.
What do pandas do all day?
Giant pandas spend their lives eating bamboo and walking around the forest floor. They are good climbers and can also swim. They don't build dens (except to put cubs in) or hibernate.
Do pandas eat carrots?
In zoos, giant pandas eat bamboo, sugar cane, rice gruel, a special high-fiber biscuit, carrots, apples, and sweet potatoes. … To make up for the inefficient digestion, a panda needs to consume a comparatively large amount of food—from 20 to 40 pounds of bamboo each day—to get all its nutrients.
Do baby pandas eat poop?
Sometimes they eat and poop at the same time. 11. Pandas don't have the energy to walk around constantly because of the low nutrition of bamboo. … Baby pandas are the size of a Chihuahua puppy.
How long do pandas live for?
20 yearsIn the wildGiant panda/Lifespan
How fast do baby pandas grow?
Panda cubs grow quickly. They stay with their mother for one and a half to two years. When cubs leave their mother depends on if she conceives. They are fully grown in four years (up to 150 kg or 330 lb).
What happens if you kill a panda?
Under Chinese law, killing protected animals such as pandas can result in a jail sentence of up to 10 year. The Chinese government warned in 1987 that killing pandas could even result in the death penalty.
Why are baby pandas taken from their mothers?
The newborns are so small that they can't move or hold themselves up; a mother must constantly clutch her cub to her chest in order to allow it to feed. It's difficult to care so intensively for one helpless infant, let alone two.
How many pandas are left in the world 2020?
It is an achievement to celebrate. But pandas remain scattered and vulnerable, and much of their habitat is threatened by poorly-planned infrastructure projects. And remember: there are still only 1,864 left in the wild.
What do baby pandas drink?
>> A mother panda has four nipples for babies to drink nutrient-rich milk. Panda breast milk also contains various substances that help newborns resist disease.
What eats a panda?
Giant pandas face very few predators A fully grown panda is far too formidable a foe for most predators, but some animals can prey on cubs. Potential predators include jackals, snow leopards and yellow-throated martens, all of which are capable of killing and eating panda cubs.
Can pandas be pets?
There isn't anywhere you can keep a Panda as a pet. Or get your hands on one for that matter. As mentioned above, all the Pandas are owned by the Chinese Government and they are not permitting anyone to buy or sell Pandas. Anywhere.
Has a panda ever killed anyone?
Giant panda attacks on human are rare. There, we present three cases of giant panda attacks on humans at the Panda House at Beijing Zoo from September 2006 to June 2009 to warn people of the giant panda's potentially dangerous behavior.
Do people eat pandas?
Though humans apparently ate panda in prehistoric times, contemporary Chinese have little taste for the animal. There is an oft-cited saying that Chinese people will "eat anything with four legs except the table" — including braised camel hump, monkey brains, and shark's fin on the occasional (luxe) Chinese menu.


text:
The jam'r can store three trays of fruit (each earning 1 XP) and three jarfuls of honey (each earning 1 XP). It produces one jar of jam in 60 seconds if both ingredients are in place and there are no more than two finished jars on the output bench.
One jar of jam sells for 113 coins; profit 13 (after allowing for the sale prices of honey and fruit forgone): that's 2.60/h if you harvest the fruit as soon as it's ready. It's the most profitable berry jam, which may be why you have to wait until level 27 to be able to plant the berries.
If you find that bedtime is less than 5 hours away, you can plant:
- blueberries, which take only 3 hours to grow and when turned into jam produce 7 coins of profit, i.e. slightly fewer coins per hour for the same amount of work (and the same number of XP).
- clover, which grows in only 4 hours (earning 1.25 per hour if sold but 2.50 if fed to a cow) and will add to your honey supply if your beehive is operating to pollinate it;
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