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Security lapse at India's Jio exposed coronavirus symptom checker results
Since the start of the outbreak, governments and companies have scrambled to develop apps and websites that can help users identify COVID-19 symptoms.
India's largest cell network Jio, a subsidiary of Reliance, launched its coronavirus self-test symptom checker in late March, just before the Indian government imposed a strict nationwide lockdown to prevent the further spread of the coronavirus. The symptom checker allows anyone to check their symptoms from their phone or Jio's website to see if they may have become infected with COVID-19.
But a security lapse exposed one of the symptom checker's core databases to the internet without a password, TechCrunch has found.
Jio's coronavirus symptom checker. One of its databases exposed users' responses. (Image: TechCrunch)
Security researcher Anurag Sen found the database on May 1, just after it was first exposed, and informed TechCrunch to notify the company. Jio quickly pulled the system offline after TechCrunch made contact. It's not known if anyone else accessed the database.
"We have taken immediate action," said Jio spokesperson Tushar Pania. "The logging server was for monitoring performance of our website, intended for the limited purpose of people doing a self-check to see if they have any COVID-19 symptoms."
The database contains millions of logs and records starting April 17 through to the time that the database was pulled offline. Although the server contained a running log of website errors and other system messages, it also ingested vast numbers of user-generated self-test data. Each self-test was logged in the database and included a record of who took the test — such as "self" or a relative, their age, and their gender.
The data also included the person's user agent, a small snippet of information about the user's browser version and the operating system, often used to load the website properly but can also be used to track a user's online activity.
The database also contains individual records of those who signed up to create a profile, allowing users to update their symptoms over time. These records contained the answers to each question asked by the symptom checker, including what symptoms they are experiencing, who they have been in contact with, and what health conditions they may have.
Some of the records also contained the user's precise location, but only if the user allowed the symptom checker access to their browser or phone's location data.
We've posted a redacted portion of one of the records below.
A redacted portion of the exposed database. (Image: TechCrunch)
From one sample of data we obtained, we found thousands of users' precise geolocation from across India. TechCrunch was able to identify people's homes using the latitude and longitude records found in the database.
Most of the location data is clustered around major cities, like Mumbai and Pune. TechCrunch also found users in the United Kingdom and North America.
The exposure could not come at a more critical time for the Indian telecoms giant. Last week Facebook invested $5.7 billion for a near-10% stake in Jio's Platforms, valuing the Reliance subsidiary at about $66 billion.
Jio did not answer our follow-up questions, and the company did not say if it will inform those who used the symptom tracker of the security lapse.
Source : TechCrunch
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How to write an EPP client in C#
Extensible Provisioning Protocol(EPP), defined in RFC 5730 is a protocol which is used in the Internet industry for the provisioning of domain names, hosting and related contact details. It is currently not used for much otherwise. It is rare to have to write software to consume an EPP-based webservice, so when I came to do so, I could find little to no examples written for the .NET framework. So I'll post what I have found here.
The basics are as follows. Messages are sent and received in XML, and generally over TCP or similar transport protocols. All communications must be secured. Details of the message structures can be found at the above link.
Another important point is that generally, the messages sent and received from EPP services consist of the length as a network order (big-endian) 32-bit number, followed by the actual request. It is necessary to strip this of in your responses before handling the XML.
The following method will send an XML Document, here in the form of any implementation of XContainer (e.g. XDocument, or XElement), to the specified endpoint over a secure TCP connection. The namespace needs to be specified, and will be "urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:epp-1.0". This will also take care of wrapping your xml within an 'epp' root element, as is a requirement of the standard, so it's only necessary to provide the core XML needed for the command you wish to send. For the initial greeting this is as simple as <hello />
public XDocument APIRequest(XContainer[] requestData, Uri _endpoint, string _xmlns)
{
 XDocument XResponse;
 using(var _tcpClient = new TcpClient(_endpoint.Host, _endpoint.Port))
 {
 using (var sslStream = new SslStream(_tcpClient.GetStream(), false, ValidateServerCertificate))
 {
 sslStream.AuthenticateAsClient(_endpoint.Host);
 using (XmlWriter xw = XmlWriter.Create(sslStream))
 {
 new XDocument(
 new XElement(_xmlns + "epp",
 requestData
 )
 ).WriteTo(xw);
 }

 sslStream.Flush();
 var response = ReadMessage(sslStream);
 XResponse = XDocument.Parse(response);
 }
 }
 return XResponse;
}
The above method depends on two important methods. ReadMessage and ValidateServerCertificate. ReadMessage decodes the received SSL stream from the service, strips off the length marker, and returns the message as a clean string. ValidateServerCertificate is a requirement of the SSL stream, and it should be used to confirm the secure credentials. It is possible to simply return true from this method, and the connection will be allowed. This is stupid, but would be required if connecting to a server with an expired certificate. The methods are as follows.
private string ReadMessage(SslStream sslStream)
{
 // The first four bytes will be the the content length as a network order (big-endian) 32-bit number.
 var lengthBytes = new byte[4];
 sslStream.Read(lengthBytes, 0, 4);
 Array.Reverse(lengthBytes);
 var length = BitConverter.ToInt32(lengthBytes, 0) - 4;
 // Create a byte array of the correct size for the response.
 var messageBytes = new byte[length];
 var returned = 0;
 while (returned != length)
 {
 returned += sslStream.Read(messageBytes, 0, length);
 }
 return Encoding.UTF8.GetString(messageBytes);
}
// The following method is invoked by the RemoteCertificateValidationDelegate.
private bool ValidateServerCertificate(object sender, X509Certificate certificate, X509Chain chain, SslPolicyErrors sslPolicyErrors)
{
 if (sslPolicyErrors == SslPolicyErrors.None)
 return true;
 Console.WriteLine("Certificate error: {0}", sslPolicyErrors);
 // Do not allow this client to communicate with unauthenticated servers.
 return false;
}
These methods require the following using statements.
using System;
using System.Net.Security;
using System.Net.Sockets;
using System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates;
using System.Text;
using System.Xml;
using System.Xml.Linq;
5 thoughts on "How to write an EPP client in C#
Add yours
 1. Thank you very much. You have no idea what I've been through these couple of days, confused, disoriented, frustrated and all are gone because of your excellent article.
 If I may, the string _xmlns didn't work for me I changed the data type to XNamespace.
 Thank you again man.
 2. hello …
 can you explain me in more detail how i can do EPP in c# (connecting to registry , login create contacte…..)
 thank you for help
 3. Did you complete the project? I have to work for a project same like this and I looking for something already worked. Please contact me, thanks.
 4. For those enquiring about a working EPP client, I have a working proprietary library which I'm unable to share due to commercial restrictions. However I'm happy to answer any specific technical queries.
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Motorcycle Clicking While Starting It: 7 Causes (Explained)
When starting the motorcycle, if the you hear clicking, it can be a very irritating problem for you. I recently encountered this problem and discovered 7 potential causes that could be to responsible. Therefore, if you want to get rid of this, you must not ignore these factors, so carefully read it.
While a situation like this is undoubtedly something no one would expect, it frequently doesn't appear until inconvenient situations.
Here are the most common reasons why your motorcycle clicks instead of starting, along with ways to fix the problem.
Why Is Your Motorcycle Clicking When You Try To Start It?
1. Dead battery
A dead battery is the primary and most likely cause of your motorcycle clicking.
The motorcycle battery is essential to the ignition process as well as the fundamental operation of the electrical, starter, and fuel injection systems on your motorcycle.
Simple battery undercharging may be the problem. Without 12.2 volts in your battery, your bike won't start. 12.2 is currently barely halfway charged because a fully charged battery is 12.6%.
Motorcycle batteries require 12.6 volts to be regarded as completely charged. 12.2 volts is regarded as 50% charged, 12.4 volts as 75% charged, and so on.
For the motorcycle to start, you need to have at least 12.2 volts, or 50% charge. You hear the clicking sound because if it's any lower, you probably won't be able to start it at all.
2. Bike's Starter is Failing
The starter system uses three main components:
The charge from the battery is transferred through the starter relay.
An electromagnetic generator is contained within the solenoid, which is responsible for turning on the starter motor.
The starter motor will then turn the engine flywheel, which will start the process of the piston's movement and bring your bike to life.
In the event that your battery does not have a charge that is sufficient to energize the magnet, the agent's efforts to crank the flywheel into motion will be unsuccessful.
If you have tried all of the troubleshooting methods described in the section that was just above this one, but your bike still won't crank, the problem may lie with the starter itself.
The battery is responsible for charging the magnetization, but the starter is the component that really applies and then gradually transfers the power.
If the execution of even one of the processes that are being performed is flawed, then the entire process will be unsuccessful.
The clicking sound you are hearing is the result of a magnetization problem that prevents the starter gears from turning the flywheel.
A faulty starter solenoid is another possible source of the problem.
Your bike won't start if the pulse from the solenoid isn't powerful enough to engage the starter motor and turn the flywheel over and over again. It won't do anything but create clicking sounds.
3. Seized engine
An engine that has become seized is the third most common cause, but it is far less likely compared to the previous two causes.
When an engine seizes, the parts inside the engine lock together to the point where the crankshaft can't turn the bearings.
This happens when various components, including the pistons, piston rings, rod bearings, and so on, get too hot and effectively weld together as a result.
When an engine seizes, the flywheel is unable to turn, which results in the audible clicking sound.
It's possible that the battery is providing enough power to the magnet for it to polarize the gear and turn the flywheel, but because there is an unbreakable amount of pressure on the flywheel, turning it effectively becomes impossible.
4. Battery losing charge
It is possible for a battery to lose its charge if an electrical component, such as a headlight or a turn signal, is left on when the motorcycle is turned off but not operating.
When the motorcycle is operating, the stator will recharge the battery, but when the motorcycle is not running, the stator will not deliver that charge.
As a result, the battery will continue to lose power even when the motorcycle is running.
5. Parasitic drain
This is typically caused by improperly grounded cables, which cause the battery to gradually lose power over time without alerting you to the fact that it is happening.
Also, if you don't prepare your motorcycle for winter properly, the battery could freeze, which would make it lose most of its functions.
6. Aged motorcycle starter
The typical reason for a faulty motorcycle starter's older age. Every motorcycle will probably need a new starter at some point over the course of its life.
There are a few factors that can shorten its lifespan, such as cranking it for a longer period of time than is necessary.
Because of this, electrical connections have a greater potential to overheat and melt.
7. Lack of lubrication
A motorcycle's engine can seize if it doesn't have enough oil, gets too hot, or hasn't been used for a long time. This can make it hard to start the bike.
How To Fix A Clicking Motorcycle When Trying To Start It
1. Fix Battery issue
In that case, you can try charging the battery to see if that fixes the issue. Charging the battery of a motorcycle might take anything from eight to twenty hours to complete.
It is an easy problem to fix, but doing so will take some time, and you may need to make other arrangements for means of transportation in the meanwhile.
If you have already charged your battery but your motorcycle continues to make that clicking sound when you want to charge it, you can take your battery to an automotive parts store and have them test it.
2. Solving engine problem
If your vehicle has a kick-start engine, one of the telltale signs that the engine is frozen is that the kick pedal will not move at all.
This is because the components within the engine are seized in their current positions, thus the pedal cannot be moved.
If you don't have a kick starter engine, rolling the bike is another straightforward method for diagnosing a seized engine that you might try.
Because of a deficiency in lubrication, a bicycle's engine might seize up, rendering it basically useless and even leading to the starting problems that have been detailed below.
Because of this, it is imperative that the oil be changed and topped off periodically on any bike.
Rust and corrosion can form inside your engine if you don't keep it properly oiled, which can lead to increased flywheel resistance.
Nevertheless, the engine will eventually overheat, which will cause the components of the engine to fuse together and become permanently damaged.
A motor that has seized is almost certainly beyond repair. If this is the case, then I'm afraid you're going to have to get a new motor for your bike because it makes clicking noises when you try to start it.
Put your best foot forward in the event that it isn't, or if it is and you've come to terms with the fact that you have to replace your engine,
Altering your bike's oil and doing inspections should be part of its regular maintenance at regular intervals.
The most important part of maintaining your motorcycle is to change the oil on a regular basis.
The most common reasons for a motorbike engine to seize are not keeping up with the oil levels and condition, using oil of a low quality, or using oil that has been contaminated.
3. Get a new starter
Restoring the connectors is one possible solution for repairing a starter solenoid that is no longer functioning properly.
When corrosion is removed, it can sometimes extend the life of the starter by several years, putting off its replacement for longer.
However, all starts and solenoids will ultimately wear out, which is why it is preferable to replace the starter as a whole rather than the individual components.
If the solenoid on the used starter is worn, it's possible that the motor is also worn.
It may seem like a waste of time and effort to replace your starter's solenoid and then reinstall the old starter, only to have to take everything out again not long after when the rest of the parts stop working.
It is possible to remove the starter, remove the solenoid, and make an attempt to repair or replace it; but, if you want the problem solved as quickly as possible, your best chance is to simply replace the starter itself.
4. Turn Off electrical components when the motorcycle is not running.
When your motorcycle is turned off, you should not use any electric components of it for any longer than is absolutely necessary.
It's fine to turn on the headlight once in a while, but you shouldn't make it a regular part of your routine.
In addition to this, if it is going to be some time before your next ride, you should make sure that your battery is connected to a battery tender.
When you turn off your motorcycle and stop using it, the headlights and blinkers should also be turned off. This will prevent the battery from losing any charge.
5. Prevent your starter from aging
When it comes to your starter, there is not a whole lot that you can do to prevent its natural aging process from occurring.
When you are starting your motorcycle, you will want to be sure that you do not crank the starter for a significantly longer period of time than is necessary. That will result in it going out earlier than it normally would.
6. Routine oil changes are the single most important thing you can do for your engine.
Your engine will seize if you are using old oil or if you do not use enough oil, which will prevent you from starting your motorcycle. Change the oil on your motorcycle on a


text:
Architects and the design of ordinary single-family houses in the United States: the American Institute of Architects and the Architects' Small House Service Bureau
Metadata[+] Show full item record
The development of the design process for ordinary single-family houses has followed a uniquely American pattern. As early as the beginning of the eighteenth century, pattern books appeared in the colonies and were used as sources for the latest design ideas. Local builders and carpenters adapted these patterns to new buildings, especially single-family houses. Alongside builders, some gentlemen fashioned themselves into amateur architects from reading the variety of architectural pattern books available in the colonies. The purpose of this study is to discover why architects in the United States are not involved in the design of ordinary single-family houses for the majority of people and how it got to be this way. Specifically, primary documents of the American Institute of Architects and the Architects Small House Service Bureau were used to identify the challenges architects faced in the early twentieth century with regard to single-family house design.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
The co-occurring disorders multi-agency staff education workshops have improved staff competencies in working with persons with co-occurring mental health and substance use disorders. The staff is multidisciplinary, representing addictions, mental health, corrections, and primary care agencies in Winnipeg. Since the implementation of the workshops, over 500 staff comprising the majority of employees in all mental health and addictions services in the City of Winnipeg have received common training in co-occurring disorders. Front-line clinicians are now aware of a broader range of services available to their clients and report making more appropriate referrals and consulting more often. The number of complex cases being referred to the CODI leadership group for problem-solving interventions has been reduced as there is more and improved communication at the direct service levels. In conjunction with other activities such as policy and practice guideline development, services have been modified for individuals and families with co-occurring disorders.
Leading Practices are submitted by health organizations from around the world. The contents of the Leading Practices library do not reflect opinions or views of HSO or its affiliates. If you have questions, concerns or suggestions please email us at _EMAIL_

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


candela (millicandela) to lumen conversion wizard
This calculator allows you to do an approximate conversion between millicandelas (or candelas) and lumens for an LED where you know the beam angle. The reason it's approximate is because the specs don't usually include information about how the luminous intensity (in candelas) was measured. This calculator is perhaps most useful in comparing the light output of LEDs with different beam angles.
To briefly explain the math the wizard does, it simply applies the conversion 1 candela = 1 lumen/steradian. To do this, it converts the beam angle you supply into a solid angle in units of steradians.
The likely thing for a manufacturer to do is to list their luminous intensity spec in the most favorable way possible. So it can be the case that this wizard provides inaccurate values--this happens because the assumption in the wizard is that the luminous intensity value you supply represents an average value across the beam angle you supply. It's too tempting for the suppliers to list a maximum value instead, since there is not a standard for measuring this. Beware especially of wide-angle LEDs, which will probably be distorted the most by this calculation.
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Hazeez Name Meaning
Hazeez is a Muslim Boy Name. Hazeez name meaning is Strong. It has multiple Islamic meaning. The name is originated from. The lucky number of Hazeez name is 4.
Name Hazeez
Meaning Strong
Gender Boy
Lucky Number 4
Religion Muslim
Lucky Days Sunday, Tuesday, Thursday
Lucky Colors Golden, Orange, Red
Lucky Stones Peridot
Lucky Metals Copper
Hazeez Name Meaning and History
Hazeez is a Muslim Boy name Acording to Numerology Predictions, lucky number for Hazeez is 4. Hazeez name meaning in english are Strong.
People believes to have their Lucky Days according to their names, Sunday, Tuesday, Thursday are Favourable and Lucky Days for name Hazeez and lucky metals are Copper for Hazeez name holders.
Lucky colors for Hazeez are Golden, Orange, Red and Hazeez name is famous in our names dictionary, and has been searched 46537 times, which is Forty-six thousand five hundred thirty-seven times.
Hazeez is listed in the Boys directory of Boys Islamic names meaning section, and can be searched easily online or you can check in alphabetic "H" of the Boys Muslim names area. There are almost 674 baby Boy names which start with alphabet H in our names section. You can also check the Hazeez Name meaning in Urdu in our Muslim Urdu names area.
Q. What does Hazeez name mean?
Hazeez name meaning in Urdu is "مضبوط". In English, Hazeez name meaning is "Strong".
Q. What is the Lucky Number of Hazeez?
The lucky number associated with the name Hazeez is "4".
Q. What is the religion of the name Hazeez?
The religion of the name Hazeez is Muslim.
Q. What is the origin of Hazeez name?
The origin of the name Hazeez is.
Q. What is the auspicious color of the name Hazeez?
For the name Hazeez, the lucky color is Golden, Orange, Red.
Write Your Comments


text:
oikodomé: (the act of) building, a buildingOriginal Word: οἰκοδομή, ῆς, ἡ
Part of Speech: Noun, Feminine
Phonetic Spelling: (oy-kod-om-ay')
Short Definition: the act of building, a building, edification
Definition: (a) the act of building, (b) a building, (c) met: spiritual advancement, edification.
Cognate: 3619 oikodomḗ – properly, a building (edifice) serving as a home; (figuratively) constructive criticism and instruction that builds a person up to be the suitable dwelling place of God, i.e. where the Lord is "at home." See 3618 (oikodemeō).Word Origin
from oikos and the same as dóma
(the act of) building, a building
building (8), buildings (3), edification (5), edifying (1), upbuilding (1).
STRONGS NT 3619: οἰκοδομή
οἰκοδομή, οἰκοδομῆς, ἡ (οἶκος, and δέμω to build), a later Greek word, condemned by Phryn., yet used by Aristotle, Theophrastus, ((but both these thought to be doubtful)), Diodorus (1, 46), Philo (vit. Moys. i. § 40; de monarch. ii. § 2), Josephus, Plutarch, the Sept., and many others, for οἰκοδόμημα and οἰκοδόμησις; cf. Lob. ad Phryn., p. 481ff, cf. p. 421; (Winer's Grammar, 24);
1. (the act of) building, building up, equivalent to τό οἰκοδομεῖν; as, τῶν τειχέων, 1 Macc. 16:23; τοῦ οἴκου τοῦ Θεοῦ, 1 Chronicles 26:27; in the N. T. metaphorically, "edifying, edification, i. e. the act of one who promotes another's growth in Christian wisdom, piety, holiness, happiness" (see οἰκοδομέω, b. β'. (cf. Winer's Grammar, 35 (34))): Romans 14:19; Romans 15:2; (1 Corinthians 14:26); 2 Corinthians 10:8 (see below); ; Ephesians 4:29; with a genitive of the person whose growth is furthered, ὑμῶν, 2 Corinthians 12:19 (cf. 10:8); ἑαυτοῦ (Tdf. αὐτοῦ), Ephesians 4:16; τοῦ σώματος τοῦ Χριστοῦ, Ephesians 4:12; τῆς ἐκκλησίας, 1 Corinthians 14:12; equivalent to τό ὀικοδομουν, what contributes to edification, or augments wisdom, etc. λαλεῖν, λαβεῖν, οἰκοδομήν, 1 Corinthians 14:3, 5.
2. equivalent to οἰκοδόμημα, a building (i. e. thing built, edifice): Mark 13:1f; τοῦ ἱεροῦ, Matthew 24:1; used of the heavenly body, the abode of the soul after death, 2 Corinthians 5:1; tropically, of a body of Christians, a Christian church (see οἰκοδομέω, b. β'.), Ephesians 2:21 (cf. πᾶς, I. 1 c.); with a genitive of the owner or occupant, Θεοῦ, 1 Corinthians 3:9.<1>
Feminine (abstract) of a compound of oikos and the base of doma; architecture, i.e. (concretely) a structure; figuratively, confirmation -- building, edify(-ication, -ing).
see GREEK oikos
see GREEK doma οικοδομαι οικοδομαί οἰκοδομαί οικοδομας οικοδομάς οἰκοδομάς οἰκοδομὰς οικοδομη οικοδομή οἰκοδομή οἰκοδομὴ οικοδομην οικοδομήν οἰκοδομήν οἰκοδομὴν οικοδομης οικοδομής οἰκοδομῆς oikodomai oikodomaí oikodomas oikodomás oikodomàs oikodome oikodomē oikodomḗ oikodomḕ oikodomen oikodomēn oikodomḗn oikodomḕn oikodomes oikodomês oikodomēs oikodomē̂s
Strong's Greek 3619
οἰκοδομαί — 1 Occ.
οἰκοδομὰς — 2 Occ.
οἰκοδομή — 2 Occ.
οἰκοδομήν — 11 Occ.
οἰκοδομῆς — 2 Occ.
Matthew 24:1 N-AFP
BIB: αὐτῷ τὰς οἰκοδομὰς τοῦ ἱεροῦ
NAS: out the temple buildings to Him.
KJV: him the buildings of the temple.
INT: to him the buildings of the temple
Mark 13:1 N-NFP
BIB: καὶ ποταπαὶ οἰκοδομαί
NAS: stones and what wonderful buildings!
KJV: and what buildings [are here]!
INT: and what [wonderful] buildings
Mark 13:2 N-AFP
BIB: τὰς μεγάλας οἰκοδομάς οὐ μὴ
NAS: great buildings? Not one stone
KJV: these great buildings? there shall not
INT: great buildings no not
Romans 14:19 N-GFS
BIB: τὰ τῆς οἰκοδομῆς τῆς εἰς
NAS: the things which make for peace and the building up of one another.
KJV: one may edify another.
INT: the things for building up among
Romans 15:2 N-AFS
BIB: ἀγαθὸν πρὸς οἰκοδομήν
NAS: for his good, to his edification.
KJV: [his] good to edification.
INT: good for building up
1 Corinthians 3:9 N-NFS
BIB: γεώργιον θεοῦ οἰκοδομή ἐστε
NAS: field, God's building.
KJV: husbandry, [ye are] God's building.
INT: field God's building you are
1 Corinthians 14:3 N-AFS
BIB: ἀνθρώποις λαλεῖ οἰκοδομὴν καὶ παράκλησιν
NAS: to men for edification and exhortation
KJV: unto men [to] edification, and
INT: to men speaks [for] building up and encouragement
1 Corinthians 14:5 N-AFS
BIB: ἡ ἐκκλησία οἰκοδομὴν λάβῃ
NAS: that the church may receive edifying.
KJV: the church may receive edifying.
INT: the church building up might receive
1 Corinthians 14:12 N-AFS
BIB: πρὸς τὴν οἰκοδομὴν τῆς ἐκκλησίας
NAS: to abound for the edification of the church.
KJV: to the edifying of the church.
INT: for the building up of the church
1 Corinthians 14:26 N-AFS
BIB: πάντα πρὸς οἰκοδομὴν γινέσθω
NAS: be done for edification.
KJV: be done unto edifying.
INT: All things for building up let be done
2 Corinthians 5:1 N-AFS
BIB: σκήνους καταλυθῇ οἰκοδομὴν ἐκ θεοῦ
NAS: we have a building from God,
KJV: we have a building of
INT: tabernacle be destroyed a building from God
2 Corinthians 10:8 N-AFS
BIB: κύριος εἰς οἰκοδομὴν καὶ οὐκ
NAS: gave for building you up and not for destroying
KJV: us for edification, and not
INT: Lord for building up and not
2 Corinthians 12:19 N-GFS
BIB: τῆς ὑμῶν οἰκοδομῆς
NAS: and all for your upbuilding, beloved.
KJV: for your edifying.
INT: your building up
2 Corinthians 13:10 N-AFS
BIB: μοι εἰς οἰκοδομὴν καὶ οὐκ
NAS: gave me for building up and not for tearing down.
KJV

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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What should I do if the inflatable rubber boat is in the water?
You are here: Home » News » What should I do if the inflatable rubber boat is in the water?
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For inflatable dinghies, it is inevitable that water will enter the ship when entering the ocean. After all, the ship's side is not very high, but this problem is not to worry. Inflatable assault boats are known as never wrecking, and even if the ship is filled with water, it will not sink. The hull pontoon has a large storage capacity and a strong buoyancy capability. Generally, if the water in the ship is full of buoyancy, it can be fully withstood. Wet body is a must, this is what makes inflatable dinghy different!
 However, even if it is into the sea, the inflatable dinghies rarely have water inflow. Most of the time, the ocean is gentle, there is not much wind and waves, and there is no need to worry about seawater splashing into the ship. If there is a large wind and waves, the sea water constantly rushes into the ship, first keep calm, because even if the ship is filled with sea water, the buoyancy of the hull can still withstand, the only thing to do is to keep the hull stable. When the ship is filled with water, the gravity will oscillate with the water flow, and in severe cases it may cause the ship to turn over, so it is important to maintain the hull smooth. Note: If water is constantly coming in, there is a drain valve at the end of the assault boat. Open the drain valve so that the seawater can flow out by itself.
The solution after the inflatable rubber boat enters the water;There is no way to solve the problem of the water inflated rubber boat. The only way is to keep the hull balance and open the drain valve. However, there are still some solutions to other problems.
1. When the sea water enters the ship, the clothes will be wet. You can buy a waterproof skirt to ensure that the clothes are not wet and keep warm.
2, you can prepare a water scoop, the ship can be crowded out of the sea water for a long time, to avoid excessive weight loss.
3, due to wave fluctuations will cause the hull to appear high and low, so the sea water can not be drained with water scoop and drain valve, you can spare a sponge to drain the remaining water.
The threat of water ingress is not great, and the biggest safety hazard is to overturn the ship. It is also said above that if the ship is filled with sea water, it will cause the hull to lose weight and overturn. If there is a real overturn, we have to use the following self-rescue methods;
1. When the ship has serious weight loss, first grasp the safety rope first, and when the ship turns over, it will not be taken away by the wind and waves. (Note; be prepared before overturning, not to be crushed by an inflatable rubber boat)
2. Before the wind and waves are fixed, do not try to flip the hull back. You should grab the safety rope and keep the head out of the water.
3. After the wind and waves calmed down, I began to think of ways to flip the boat back and board the ship again. (Note; if it is a person, due to the hull being too heavy, you should give up after trying two times without fruit, to avoid losing too much physical strength)
4, when waiting for the ship again, people need to cooperate well for a long time, press the upper right and press the left upper right to avoid losing weight again.
5. After returning to the ship, if it is scraped off the shore by the wind and waves, please do not try to use the paddle to return to the shore. You should use the communication equipment to call for help and wait for the rescue.
1. Before you enter the sea, you must wear a life jacket and other rescue buoys.
2, must bring the communication equipment, and wrapped in a sealed bag in the underwear, in case you need it from time to time.
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Universal and routine access to quality assured HIV related laboratory services are made available through the activities of Laboratory Services Division. It is recognized that work related to laboratory services are not confined to HIV testing, but are overarching and have an impact on other interventions included under prevention, care, support and treatment, and supply chain management. Emphasis on quality assured laboratory service delivery is important to the success of NACP.
To ensure quality of HIV testing under the NACP, NACO has an External Quality Assessment Programme administered to all HIV testing laboratories. The HIV testing laboratories are arranged in a tiered manner with apex laboratory (NARI, Pun) at the very top. 13 National Reference Laboratories (NRLs) and 117 State Reference Laboratories (SRLs) form the two subsequent tiers of the laboratory framework and are involved in supervision of testing in all peripheral testing centers (ICTCs).
The testing activities of 10 CD4 testing laboratories, and 10 Viral Load Blood collection centres in Nagaland under the NACO umbrella are supervised by the Laboratory Services Division.
Major activities of Laboratory Services Division:
- Accreditation of HIV testing Laboratories and State Reference Laboratories.
- Establishing and improving Quality Management Systems in CD4 testing laboratories, and ICTCs.
- External Quality Assurance Programme for HIV testing laboratories.
- CD4 testing for initiation and monitoring of patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART)
- Viral Load testing for second line ART
- Training of laboratory personnel.
Activities of Lab services, Nagaland State AIDS Control Society
- National Accreditation Board for testing and calibration of Laboratories (NABL):
The following Laboratories are accredited by NABL
- State Reference Laboratory, Naga Hospital Authority Kohima (NHAK).
- State Reference Laboratory, District Hospital Dimapur (DHD).
- ICTC, PPTCT, CD4 Lab at NHAK Kohima.
- ICTC, PPTCT, CD4 Lab at DHD Dimapur.
- External Quality Assurance Scheme (EQAS) Reverse testing:
Quarterly all the ICTCs sends 20% positive and 5% negative samples collected during first week of the month (January, April, July, October).
- External Quality Assurance Scheme (EQAS) Proficiency testing:
Conducts bi annually where SRL sends blind samples to all the ICTCs. ICTC reports back to SRL within 7 days.
- Induction Training:
Induction Training for the newly appointed Laboratory Technician at the respective SRL for 7 days.
- Quality Management System (QMS):
26 ICTCs under 5 districts ie., Mokokchung, Dimapur, Kohima, Wokha, Tuensang received certification in QMS with 5 star grade from NACO.
- CD4 Testing:
Performing CD4 test in all the Anti Retroviral Treatment Centers (ARTC).
- Viral Load Testing:
Sample collection for HIV 1 Viral Load in all 10 ARTCs through Public Private Partnership (PPP).
- Address for SRL Kohima and SRL Dimapur,
|SRL Kohima||SRL Dimapur|
I/C SRL Kohima
Department of Microbiology
Naga Hospital Authority Kohima:797001
|Dr. T. Temsu Ao
I/C SRL Dimapur
District Hospital Dimapur:797112


Home Men's Issue Manhoodv Schwannoma Could Disfigure a Handsome Penis
Men's Issue
Manhoodv Schwannoma Could Disfigure a Handsome Penis
Beauty is just skin deep, but with regards to acquiring a handsome penis, which can be deep enough. Penis health is, clearly, a lot more important in comparison with looks in the member, however the handsome penis will elicit significantly more interest among partners especially among potential partners. Thus when something arrives that disrupts its appearance, it's really an obstacle having a man as well as the sex existence. This is often easily the issue with the design of men organ Schwannoma, that could result in a disfiguring make use of an effective penis.
Almost everyone has not discovered men organ Schwannoma, or in the Schwannoma regardless of the sort, with justification: it's pretty rare. But rare is small security in situation your guy is actually among individuals number of whose penis is location from the Schwannoma.
But what exactly is a Schwannoma anyway? To solve that, you should know just a little about nerves. Generally everybody recognizes that nerves would be the areas of the body which get stimuli – as being a touch, and send an e-mail for the mind, thus prompting an answer. (Your penis has especially sensitive nerves, and that's why why touching or fondling it so enjoyable.) every nerve within you offers what is known a nerve sheath, that's basically a layer of protective tissue which will keep the nerves safe.
When you have a Schwannoma, meaning the tumor is moving in negligence nerve sheaths. This happens only in nerve sheaths that are individuals from the peripheral central nervous system, and for that reason they're ultimately within the brain or even inside the spine-cord.
That sounds terrible, nevertheless the good factor is always that Schwannoma are benign tumors, not cancerous. But they may be supported getting a burning or stinging sensation or, alternatively, by numbness – neither being wanted within the penis.
And they also can disfigure a handsome penis because these tumors can every so often get quite large. A really small you can look like somewhat bump, but bigger ones may be several inches in space – difficult to ignore, even round the really big penis. Even if they're not causing discomfort once the penis reaches rest, they frequently occasions may become painful during sexual activity – then when too big, will make transmission impossible.
How to handle it
In situation your guy has what he thinks generally is a Schwannoma on his penis, he'll vacation in the doctor and get a powerful diagnosis. Be it determined the lump is Schwannoma, really the only treatment choice is surgical excision. Normally, this is not a genuine difficult surgery, and sometimes requires just a nearby anesthetic. There's, however, chance of nerve damage as detaching the Schwannoma could require impacting the nerve beneath the sheath.
When the tumor is extremely small land isn't causing discomfort or discomfort, the physician may recommend simply monitoring the lump. Although generally benign, if for reasons unknown a physician suspects it might be malignant, however, he then will recommend removal even if it's causing no physical problems.
Removing a Schwannoma may restore a handsome penis for the former condition, nonetheless still it needs it health labored with. Regular usage of a greater drawer penis health oil (doctors recommend Man 1 Man Oil, that's proven mild and safe for skin) might help. To be able to give you the penis optimal benefits, the bets oil contains numerous vitamins, along with a, B5, C, D and E. And it also helps when the oil contains L-carnitine, an amino acidity which supports with maintaining appropriate penis sensitivity.
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Ready to test your little grey cells? Imperial's best minds set the ultimate puzzle challenge.
1: Hard
I have nine coins in my pocket. Some of these are 2p pieces and the others are 5p pieces. I am contemplating buying some buns. I notice that I can buy four buns without requiring any change but, although I can afford them, I do not have the coins to buy five buns without needing to get change. How much does a bun cost and how many coins are there of each type?
Dr Lynda White, Principal Teaching Fellow in Experimental Design, Department of Mathematics
See the answer
See the answer
Solution: A bun costs six pence and there are 4 two pence coins (and 5 five pence coins).
We can infer from the wording of the question that the number of two pence coins is one of 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7, and correspondingly 7, 6, 5, 4, 3 or 2 for five pence coins.
We are looking for a total value of coins which is a multiple of 5 but which cannot be attained exactly using the two and five piece coins and which therefore require change. In addition, the corresponding multiple of 4 must be attainable exactly.
When the number of two pence coins is 2, 5, 6 or 7, a straightforward check shows that all total costs which are affordable multiples of 5 can be attained exactly so we do not have a solution here.
When the number of two pence coins is 3, all total costs which are affordable multiples of 5 can be attained exactly except for 35. This would lead to a bun price of 7 pence but 28 pence (which would be the cost of 4 buns) is also not attainable. Again, there is no solution.
However, when there are 4 two pence coins we find that all total costs which are affordable multiples of 5 can be attained exactly except for 30. This leads to a bun price of 6 pence and we see that 24 pence (=2+2+5+5+5+5), the price of 4 buns, can be attained exactly. This is the only solution.
2: Very hard
I keep all my worldly wealth in a numbered Swiss bank account. Recently, the bank decided that all account numbers must have between 30 and 80 digits and may not start with a zero. It's complicated, but I can work mine out each time I need it. If I multiply my number by nine I get the same number with the last digit shifted to the front (so that, for example, 134689 would become 913468). Can you help me work out my account number?
Professor Jonathan Mestel, Professor of Applied Mathematics, Department of Mathematics
See the answer
See the answer
Solution: 10112359550561797752808988764044943820224719
Digit by digit construction:
If an integer has the same number of digits when it is multiplied by 9, it must start with a 1. Its next digit must be either a 0 or a 1. However 11… would give 99… when multiplied by 9 which wouldn't work, as putting a 9 in front would give 911… So the only possibility is that the first two digits are 10:
First two digits are 10
and the product must begin with a 9. This means the last digit is 9. When we multiply by 9 we find 9*9 = 81 so the last digit of the product must be 1, carrying 8 towards the next digit and
The last two digits are 19.
Continuing in this manner we have 9 x 1 + carry over 8 = 7 carry 1, 9 x 7 + 1 = 4 carry 6 so that
The last 4 digits are 4719.
Continuing the backwards construction, we have
9 x 4 + 6 (carried over) = 42 = 2 carry 4
9 x 2 + 4 (carried over) = 2 carry 2
9 x 2 + 2 (carried over) = 0 carry 2
9 x 0 + 2 (carried over) = 2 carry 0
So currently we have 9 x 10………20224719 = 910…….._PHONE_
….and carrying on in this manner (9x2 +0 = 8 carry 1 etc) we eventually find the solution of 44 digits:
Incidentally, instead of terminating after 44, we could have continued the process, going round the loop once more. This would duplicate the 44 digit string giving us an 88 digit solution. 1011235955056179775280898876404494382022471910112359550561797752808988764044943820224719. But this is too large for the bank's specifications, thank goodness.
Construction of entire integer
To construct an integer with the required multiplication property, call it x and suppose it has k digits, with a last digit N. Then removing the last digit is equivalent to subtracting N and dividing by 10. We then put N at the front which is adding N x 10k-1. We deduce that
9x= (x-N)/10 + N(10k-1)
Or 90x = x-N +N(10k )
And solving for x
x = N(10k-1) / 89
This requires 10k - 1 to be divisible by 89. Using "Fermat's Little Theorem", since 89 is prime, this happens for k = 88 (and possibly for smaller values of k which divide 88). We know N = 9 giving a possible solution
x = 9(1088-1)/89 = 1011235955056179775280898876404494382022471910112359550561797752808988764044943820224719
However 88 digits is too long given the specification.
By inspection, we spot the smaller solution 10112359550561797752808988764044943820224719.
Note (1088-1) = (1044-1)(1044 + 1) and 1044 + 1 = _PHONE_……001 which on multiplication appends a 44 digit number to itself. So provided 89 divides 1044 - 1 and not 1044 + 1, we have a smaller solution.
3: Fiendish
A medieval farmer is in their house and needs to get water from a river and then take the water to animals in a barn. The farmer would like to take the shortest route to the barn, but doesn't know about calculus (as it hasn't yet been invented). The farmer's house is 400 yards west of the river, which runs north-south, and the barn is 200 yards west of the river, but 800 yards further north than the house. How can the farmer work out the shortest path, and how long will that path be?
Dr Daniel Mortlock, Lecturer in Astro-Statistics, Department of Physics
See the answer
See the answer
Solution: 1000 yards
There are several ways to solve this problem that don't involve calculus. The simplest is to imagine a "copy" of the barn that is at the same north-south position (i.e., 800 yards north of the farm) but 200 yards to the *east* of the river. The quickest route is then, obviously (at least assuming the farmer knows about Euclid) a straight line from the house to the "copy" barn. The implied path to the real barn is then like the farmer "bouncing" off the river like light off a mirror. The distance is given by Pythagoras's theorem as [(400 yards + 200 yards)^2 + (800 yards)^2]^(1/2) = 1000 yards. (It's actually a classic "3-4-5" triangle, albeit a bit disguised.)


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Keywords: vehicular traffic, speed–density modelling, explicit model, traffic speed, traffic density, vehicle speeds, vehicle densities, simulation, traffic flow, urban roads, traffic congestion, congestion prediction, sparse data
A simple explicit model approximating the relationship between speed and density of vehicular traffic on urban roads
With the increase in simulation of urban environments for the purpose of planning, modelling vehicular traffic has become important. Since empirical evidence on traffic flow is relatively sparse, models are being increasingly used for planning urban roads and environments. In this paper, a simple, explicit model is proposed to approximate the speed versus density of vehicular traffic flow. The model, which uses two parameters derived from simple measurements of real–time traffic data, allows for a prediction of the approximate relationship for congested as well as uncongested vehicular traffic flow. The proposed model is especially useful in conditions where available data is sparse and can be invaluable for the modelling and simulation of urban environments.


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Officials on their way for 'working visit' to Yellowknife and Tuktoyaktuk
Governor General Mary Simon will be in Yellowknife and Tuktoyaktuk this week with German President Frank-Walter Steinmeier to talk with N.W.T. leaders, meet with members of Joint Task Force North and learn about climate change challenges facing northern communities.
Simon is expected to fly into Yellowknife Tuesday.
On the agenda for Simon Tuesday are meetings with N.W.T. Commissioner Margaret Thom about youth and education, and with Premier Caroline Cochrane.
Simon will be travelling with her husband, Whit Fraser, who lived and worked in the Northwest Territories in the late 1960s and early '70s.
Steinmeier is expected to arrive Wednesday, with the two officials visiting Joint Task Force North before flying to Tuktoyaktuk.
There, they're set to meet with Indigenous leaders to learn about how climate change is impacting the hamlet.
Related stories from around the North:
Norway: Thawing permafrost melts ground under homes and around Global Seed Vault in Svalbard, The Independent Barents Observer
Russia: 30–50% of critical northern infrastructure could be at high risk by 2050 due to warming, says study, Eye on the Arctic
United States: Alaska villages facing erosion, flooding receive relocation grants, Eye on the Arctic


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Use clay and wire to make a Brown Bear.
To get polymer clay tips & techniques, click here.
Roll and shape all the clay parts as shown on page 4 of this PDF.
Cut the end off a toothpick and use it to fasten the head to the body.
Press the arms, legs, and tail into place.
Use small pieces of wire to attach the ears to the head, as shown at right.
Press the small teardrop-shaped cheeks onto the face and add the black ball for a nose.
Use a toothpick to create holes for the eyes and to shape the ears.


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Majunga climate guide, Madagascar
Welcome to the Majunga climate guide, which shows average weather for Majunga, Madagascar. Check maximum temperature, the number of days with rainfall, sea temperature and daily hours of sunshine for each month of the year.
Majunga climate guide: quick links
Maximum temperature (°C) in Majunga
Days with some rain in Majunga
Hours of sunshine in Majunga
Sea temperature (°C) in Majunga
The Majunga climate guide is provided by Weather2Travel.com. For more information about the weather in Majunga, Madagascar including monthly rainfall, mininum temperature, UV maximum, heat & humidity and daylight hours visit the Madagascar climate guide page.


Open Access
Power series method and approximate linear differential equations of second order
Advances in Difference Equations20132013:76
_URL_
Received: 14 December 2012
Accepted: 4 March 2013
Published: 26 March 2013
Abstract
In this paper, we will establish a theory for the power series method that can be applied to various types of linear differential equations of second order to prove the Hyers-Ulam stability.
MSC:34A05, 39B82, 26D10, 34A40.
Keywords
power series methodapproximate linear differential equationsimple harmonic oscillator equationHyers-Ulam stabilityapproximation
1 Introduction
Let X be a normed space over a scalar field K , and let I R be an open interval, where K denotes either or . Assume that a 0 , a 1 , , a n : I K and g : I X are given continuous functions. If for every n times continuously differentiable function y : I X satisfying the inequality
a n ( x ) y ( n ) ( x ) + a n 1 ( x ) y ( n 1 ) ( x ) + + a 1 ( x ) y ( x ) + a 0 ( x ) y ( x ) + g ( x ) ε
for all x I and for a given ε > 0 , there exists an n times continuously differentiable solution y 0 : I X of the differential equation
a n ( x ) y ( n ) ( x ) + a n 1 ( x ) y ( n 1 ) ( x ) + + a 1 ( x ) y ( x ) + a 0 ( x ) y ( x ) + g ( x ) = 0
such that y ( x ) y 0 ( x ) K ( ε ) for any x I , where K ( ε ) is an expression of ε with lim ε 0 K ( ε ) = 0 , then we say that the above differential equation has the Hyers-Ulam stability. For more detailed definitions of the Hyers-Ulam stability, we refer the reader to [18].
Obłoza seems to be the first author who has investigated the Hyers-Ulam stability of linear differential equations (see [9, 10]). Thereafter, Alsina and Ger [11] proved the Hyers-Ulam stability of the differential equation y ( x ) = y ( x ) . It was further proved by Takahasi et al. that the Hyers-Ulam stability holds for the Banach space valued differential equation y ( x ) = λ y ( x ) (see [12] and also [1315]).
Moreover, Miura et al. [16] investigated the Hyers-Ulam stability of an n th-order linear differential equation. The first author also proved the Hyers-Ulam stability of various linear differential equations of first order (ref. [1725]).
Recently, the first author applied the power series method to studying the Hyers-Ulam stability of several types of linear differential equations of second order (see [2634]). However, it was inconvenient that he had to alter and apply the power series method with respect to each differential equation in order to study the Hyers-Ulam stability. Thus, it is inevitable to develop a power series method that can be comprehensively applied to different types of differential equations.
In Sections 2 and 3 of this paper, we establish a theory for the power series method that can be applied to various types of linear differential equations of second order to prove the Hyers-Ulam stability.
Throughout this paper, we assume that the linear differential equation of second order of the form
p ( x ) y ( x ) + q ( x ) y ( x ) + r ( x ) y ( x ) = 0 ,
(1)
for which x = 0 is an ordinary point, has the general solution y h : ( ρ 0 , ρ 0 ) C , where ρ 0 is a constant with 0 < ρ 0 and the coefficients p , q , r : ( ρ 0 , ρ 0 ) C are analytic at 0 and have power series expansions
p ( x ) = m = 0 p m x m , q ( x ) = m = 0 q m x m and r ( x ) = m = 0 r m x m
for all x ( ρ 0 , ρ 0 ) . Since x = 0 is an ordinary point of (1), we remark that p 0 0 .
2 Inhomogeneous differential equation
In the following theorem, we solve the linear inhomogeneous differential equation of second order of the form
p ( x ) y ( x ) + q ( x ) y ( x ) + r ( x ) y ( x ) = m = 0 a m x m
(2)
under the assumption that x = 0 is an ordinary point of the associated homogeneous linear differential equation (1).
Theorem 2.1 Assume that the radius of convergence of power series m = 0 a m x m is ρ 1 > 0 and that there exists a sequence { c m } satisfying the recurrence relation
k = 0 m [ ( k + 2 ) ( k + 1 ) c k + 2 p m k + ( k + 1 ) c k + 1 q m k + c k r m k ] = a m
(3)
for any m N 0 . Let ρ 2 be the radius of convergence of power series m = 0 c m x m and let ρ 3 = min { ρ 0 , ρ 1 , ρ 2 } , where ( ρ 0 , ρ 0 ) is the domain of the general solution to (1). Then every solution y : ( ρ 3 , ρ 3 ) C of the linear inhomogeneous differential equation (2) can be expressed by
y ( x ) = y h ( x ) + m = 0 c m x m
for all x ( ρ 3 , ρ 3 ) , where y h ( x ) is a solution of the linear homogeneous differential equation (1).
Proof Since x = 0 is an ordinary point, we can substitute m = 0 c m x m for y ( x ) in (2) and use the formal multiplication of power series and consider (3) to get
p ( x ) y ( x ) + q ( x ) y ( x ) + r ( x ) y ( x ) = m = 0 k = 0 m p m k ( k + 2 ) ( k + 1 ) c k + 2 x m + m = 0 k = 0 m q m k ( k + 1 ) c k + 1 x m + m = 0 k = 0 m r m k c k x m = m = 0 k = 0 m [ ( k + 2 ) ( k + 1 ) c k + 2 p m k + ( k + 1 ) c k + 1 q m k + c k r m k ] x m = m = 0 a m x m
for all x ( ρ 3 , ρ 3 ) . That is, m = 0 c m x m is a particular solution of the linear inhomogeneous differential equation (2), and hence every solution y : ( ρ 3 , ρ 3 ) C of (2) can be expressed by
y ( x ) = y h ( x ) + m = 0 c m x m ,
where y h ( x ) is a solution of the linear homogeneous differential equation (1). □
For the most common case in applications, the coefficient functions p ( x ) , q ( x ) , and r ( x ) of the linear differential equation (1) are simple polynomials. In such a case, we have the following corollary.
Corollary 2.2 Let p ( x ) , q ( x ) , and r ( x ) be polynomials of degree at most d 0 . In particular, let d 0 be the degree of p ( x ) . Assume that the radius of convergence of power series m = 0 a m x m is ρ 1 > 0 and that there exists a sequence { c m } satisfying the recurrence formula
k = m 0 m [ ( k + 2 ) ( k + 1 ) c k + 2 p m k + ( k + 1 ) c k + 1 q m k + c k r m k ] = a m
(4)
for any m N 0 , where m 0 = max { 0 , m d } . If the sequence { c m } satisfies the following conditions:
 1. (i)
 lim m c m 1 / m c m = 0 ,

 2. (ii)
 there exists a complex number L such that lim m c m / c m 1 = L and p d 0 + L p d 0 1 + + L d 0 1 p 1 + L d 0 p 0 0 ,

then every solution y : ( ρ 3 , ρ 3 ) C of the linear inhomogeneous differential equation (2) can be expressed by
y ( x ) = y h ( x ) + m = 0 c m x m
for all x ( ρ 3 , ρ 3 ) , where ρ 3 = min { ρ 0 , ρ 1 } and y h ( x ) is a solution of the linear homogeneous differential equation (1).
Proof Let m be any sufficiently large integer. Since p d + 1 = p d + 2 = = 0 , q d + 1 = q d + 2 = = 0 and r d + 1 = r d + 2 = = 0 , if we substitute m d + k for k in (4), then we have
a m = k = 0 d [ ( m d + k + 2 ) ( m d + k + 1 ) c m d + k + 2 p d k + (


is returning all of the contacts that it has knowledge of.
This is a primitive operation, not an iterative one.
The name of this RPC is misleading. Even if the key to the RPC is the nodeID of an existing contact or indeed if it is the nodeID of the recipient itself, the recipient is still required to return k triples. A more descriptive name would be FIND_CLOSE_NODES.
The recipient of a FIND_NODE should never return a triple containing the nodeID of the requestor. If the requestor does receive such a triple, it should discard it. A node must never put its own nodeID into a bucket as a contact.
A FIND_VALUE RPC includes a B=160-bit key. If a corresponding value is present on the recipient, the associated data is returned. Otherwise the RPC is equivalent to a FIND_NODE and a set of k triples is returned.
This is a primitive operation, not an iterative one.
Node Lookup
This section describes the algorithm that Kademlia uses for locating the k nodes nearest to a key. It must be understood that these are not necessarily closest in a strict sense. Also, the algorithm is iterative although the paper describes it as recursive.
The search begins by selecting alpha contacts from the non-empty k-bucket closest to the bucket appropriate to the key being searched on. If there are fewer than alpha contacts in that bucket, contacts are selected from other buckets. The contact closest to the target key, closestNode, is noted.
The criteria for selecting the contacts within the closest bucket are not specified. Where there are fewer than alpha contacts within that bucket and contacts are obtained from other buckets, there are no rules for selecting the other buckets or which contacts are to be used from such buckets.
The first alpha contacts selected are used to create a shortlist for the search.
The node then sends parallel, asynchronous FIND_* RPCs to the alpha contacts in the shortlist. Each contact, if it is live, should normally return k triples. If any of the alpha contacts fails to reply, it is removed from the shortlist, at least temporarily.
The node then fills the shortlist with contacts from the replies received. These are those closest to the target. From the shortlist it selects another alpha contacts. The only condition for this selection is that they have not already been contacted. Once again a FIND_* RPC is sent to each in parallel.
Each such parallel search updates closestNode, the closest node seen so far.
The sequence of parallel searches is continued until either no node in the sets returned is closer than the closest node already seen or the initiating node has accumulated k probed and known to be active contacts.
If a cycle doesn't find a closer node, if closestNode is unchanged, then the initiating node sends a FIND_* RPC to each of the k closest nodes that it has not already queried.
At the end of this process, the node will have accumulated a set of k active contacts or (if the RPC was FIND_VALUE) may have found a data value. Either a set of triples or the value is returned to the caller.
The original algorithm description is not clear in detail. However, it appears that the initiating node maintains a shortlist of k closest nodes. During each iteration alpha of these are selected for probing and marked accordingly. If a probe succeeds, that shortlisted node is marked as active. If there is no reply after an unspecified period of time, the node is dropped from the shortlist. As each set of replies comes back, it is used to improve the shortlist: closer nodes in the reply replace more distant (unprobed?) nodes in the shortlist. Iteration continues until k nodes have been successfully probed or there has been no improvement.
Alpha and Parallelism
Kademlia uses a value of 3 for alpha, the degree of parallelism used. It appears that (see stutz06) this value is optimal.
There are at least three approaches to managing parallelism. The first is to launch alpha probes and wait until all have succeeded or timed out before iterating. This is termed strict parallelism. The second is to limit the number of probes in flight to alpha; whenever a probe returns a new one is launched. We might call this bounded parallelism. A third is to iterate after what seems to be a reasonable delay (duration unspecified), so that the number of probes in flight is some low multiple of alpha. This is loose parallelism and the approach used by Kademlia.
This is the Kademlia store operation. The initiating node does an iterativeFindNode, collecting a set of k closest contacts, and then sends a primitive STORE RPC to each.
iterativeStores are used for publishing or replicating data on a Kademlia network.
This is the basic Kademlia node lookup operation. As described above, the initiating node builds a list of k "closest" contacts using iterative node lookup and the FIND_NODE RPC. The list is returned to the caller.
This is the Kademlia search operation. It is conducted as a node lookup, and so builds a list of k closest contacts. However, this is done using the FIND_VALUE RPC instead of the FIND_NODE RPC. If at any time during the node lookup the value is returned instead of a set of contacts, the search is abandoned and the value is returned. Otherwise, if no value has been found, the list of k closest contacts is returned to the caller.
When an iterativeFindValue succeeds, the initiator must store the key/value pair at the closest node seen which did not return the value.
If no node lookups have been performed in any given bucket's range for tRefresh (an hour in basic Kademlia), the node selects a random number in that range and does a refresh, an iterativeFindNode using that number as key.
A node joins the network as follows:
 1. if it does not already have a nodeID n, it generates one
 2. it inserts the value of some known node c into the appropriate bucket as its first contact
 3. it does an iterativeFindNode for n
 4. it refreshes all buckets further away than its closest neighbor, which will be in the occupied bucket with the lowest index.
If the node saved a list of good contacts and used one of these as the "known node" it would be consistent with this protocol.
Replication Rules
 - Data is stored using an iterativeStore, which has the effect of replicating it over the k nodes closest to the key.
 - Each node republishes each key/value pair that it contains at intervals of tReplicate seconds (every hour). The republishing node must not be seen as the original publisher of the key/value pair.
 - The original publisher of a key/value pair republishes it every tRepublish seconds (every 24 hours).
Expiration Rules
 - All key/value pairs expire tExpire seconds (24 hours) after the original publication.
 - All key/value pairs are assigned an expiration time which is "exponentially inversely proportional to the number of nodes between the current node and the node whose ID is closest to the key", where this number is "inferred from the bucket structure of the current node".
The writer would calculate the expiration time when the key/value pair is stored using something similar to the following:
 - find the index j of the bucket corresponding to the key
 - count the total number of contacts Ca in buckets 0..j-1
 - count the number of contacts Cb in bucket j closer than the key
 - if C = Ca + Cb, then the interval to the expiration time is
 - 24 hours if C > k
 - 24h * exp( k / C ) otherwise
The requirement that data expires tExpire (one day) after the original publication date is more than ambiguous and would seem to mean that no data can ever be republished.
In any case, the system is required to mark the stored key/value pair with an original publication timestamp. If this is to be accurate, the timestamp must be set by the publisher, which means that clocks must be at least loosely synchronized across the network.
It would seem sensible to mark the key/value pair with a time to live (TTL) from the arrival of the data, tExpire (one day) or a fraction thereof.
Implementation Suggestions
It would seem useful to add to the Contact data structure at least:
 - an RTT (round trip time) value or a set of such values, measured in ms
 - more IP addresses, together with perhaps
 - protocol used (TCP/IP, UDP)
 - NAT information, if applicable
 - whether the address is local and so reachable by broadcast
Adding an RTT or set of RTTs to the Contact data structure would enable better decisions to be made when selecting which to use.
The round trip time (RTT) to the contact could be as measured using a PING RPC or using a conventional Internet network ping.
Possible Convoy Effects
Implementors should take care to avoid convoy effects. These occur when a number of processes need to use a resource in turn. There is a tendency for such bursts of activity to drift towards synchronization, which can be disasterous. In Kademlia all nodes are requird to republish their contents every hour (tReplicate). A convoy effect might lead to this being synchronized across the network, which would appear to users as the network dying every hour.
Random Number Generation
Implementors should remember that random number generators are usually not re-entrant and so access from different threads needs to be synchronized.
Also, beware of clock granularity: it is possible that where the clock is used to seed the random number generator, successive calls could use the same seed.


+ implementation of the <ranges> header is mostly empty if the language version is less than C++20. __has_include will still report the header as present though.
Make __cpp_lib_freestanding_* macros freestanding only
This complicates the client feature-test code for features that were marked freestanding in their initial papers. It doesn't make any of the client feature-test code any simpler. It also violates the principle that freestanding should be a subset of hosted.
Define __cpp_lib_freestanding_* macros to 0 in hosted
Users of the freestanding macros would still need to account for the case where the macro isn't present. Defining the macro to zero doesn't provide any information beyond what __STDC_HOSTED__ provides.
Detect once-required features with a feature-test "absence" macro
We could define a feature-test macro in the negative, for example __cpp_lib_freestanding_no_operator_new. This would be different from every other feature-test macro in the standard and SD-6 (SD-6's __cpp_rtti and __cpp_exceptions are defined in the positive). Hosted implementations would never define this macro. Freestanding implementations may or may not define the macro. When the user detects this "absence" macro, they could take action confidently. When a user fails to detect a "presence" macro, the user would need to carefully consider whether it is because of an old standard library or a missing ::operator new definition.
This approach would still be useful "soon", but it would leave the ambiguity of the pre-adoption and post-adoption states.
Detect once-required features with a traditional feature-test macro
We could have a "presence" feature-test macro that is undefined when not set, as opposed to set to 0, as is proposed. Unfortunately, it would take a long time for this macro to be useful in practice. Most implementations today have an ::operator new definition available, but don't have this macro defined. That means that this macro would only be useful in the distant future, where the absence of this macro is more likely to indicate a system without a heap than a system with an old standard library. Setting the macro to 0 when the feature is not present is critical to the usability.
Wording
The following wording is relative to N4917, and assumes that P2013 have been applied.
Additions to [compliance]
Please append the following paragraphs to [compliance].
The hosted library facilities are the set of facilities described in this document that are required for hosted implementations, but not required for freestanding implementations.
A freestanding implementation provides a (possibly empty) implementation-defined subset of the hosted library facilities.
Unless otherwise specified, the requirements on each declaration, entity, typedef-name, and macro provided in this way shall be the same as the corresponding requirements for a hosted implementation, except that not all of the members of the namespaces are required to be present.
A freestanding implementation provides deleted definitions for a (possibly empty) implementation-defined subset of the namespace scoped functions and function templates from the hosted library facilities.
[ Note: An implementation may provide a deleted definition so that overload resolution does not silently change when migrating a library from a freestanding implementation to a hosted implementation. -end note]
Change in [version.syn]
Add "freestanding ," to the beginning of each comment in the following macro definitions in [version.syn]:
The changes should look similar to this:
#define __cpp_lib_addressof_constexpr 201603L // freestanding, also in <memory>
Add a "// freestanding" comment after the following macro definition in [version.syn]: Please add the following macros to [version.syn]/2. Use the current year-based constant instead of "new-val".
#define __cpp_lib_freestanding_feature_test_macros new-val // freestanding
#define __cpp_lib_freestanding_functional new-val // freestanding, also in <functional>
#define __cpp_lib_freestanding_iterator new-val // freestanding, also in <iterator>
#define __cpp_lib_freestanding_memory new-val // freestanding, also in <memory>
#define __cpp_lib_freestanding_operator_new see below // freestanding, also in <new>
#define __cpp_lib_freestanding_ranges new-val // freestanding, also in <ranges>
#define __cpp_lib_freestanding_ratio new-val // freestanding, also in <ratio>
#define __cpp_lib_freestanding_tuple new-val // freestanding, also in <tuple>
#define __cpp_lib_freestanding_utility new-val // freestanding, also in <utility>
Please append the following paragraphs to [version.syn].
The macro __cpp_lib_freestanding_operator_new is defined to the integer literal new-val if all of the library provided replaceable global allocation functions meet the requirements of a hosted implementation, and to the integer literal 0 otherwise. ([new.delete]).
Recommended practice: Freestanding implementations should only define a macro from <version> if the implementation provides the corresponding facility in its entirety.


text:
Medicare requires that you capture specific information about your patients at both the initial assessment visit and at subsequent treatment visits. Gathering the information is only part of the process; you must also utilize this information for patient care and then report this information to Medicare in a format that they understand. The Medicare Documentation System is designed to accomplish this.
Using the Medicare Documentation System will enable you to:
- Collect the information that Medicare requires from the patient using patient friendly forms.
- Accurately utilize this information in the medical decision making process.
- Develop accurate treatment plans.
- Prove medical necessity through functional improvement.
- Objectively prove when the patient reaches maximum medical improvement.
- Report this information to Medicare reviewers in terms and language that they understand
This system uses forms to capture the required information from both the patients and the doctor. The use of forms allows this system to integrate with any EHR that allows customization. The staff can enter the information into the EHR thereby maximizing the doctors effective time.
The Medicare Documentation System includes:
- A manual explaining in detail how to utilize the system
- A CD with all of the forms
- 2 CDs containing 6 recorded webinars.
The webinar topics include:
- Assessment Visit documentation
- Treatment Visit documentation
- Treatment Plans
- The ABN
- Medicare Documentation
- Proving Medical Necessity and Functional Improvement
The Medicare Documentation System will give you the information necessary to defend your patient care decisions to Medicare reviewers.


text:
Forward-Back Basic Step
Here is where the feet go on counts 1 through 4. It is 3 steps on 4 beats:
1 2 3 4 Men do left forward right (in place) left together (left next to right) hold (no step). Ladies do right back left (in place) right together (right next to left) hold (no step)
And then on counts 5 - 6 - 7 - 8, they each do what the other did on counts 1 - 2 - 3 - 4, like this:
5 6 7 8 Ladies do left forward right (in place) left together (left next to right) hold (no step). Men do right back left (in place) right together (right next to left) hold (no step)
Step, step, step, hold. Step, step, step, hold. Well, that's the feet part, but there is a lot more to learn to make it look like salsa, so we'll allow the pros to explain it. Stick with it. Good luck. --DanceTutor
Salsa 1 with Kana Kubota and
Helmut Salas of New York City
DanceTutor (DT): Well, thereís the feet, the beat and the hips. Letís start with the feet. Kana, we already have the diagram above, but in your words what are the feet doing?
Kana: Basically gentlemen start forward with left step and then right step and then the left steps next to right and the feet are together. That is first three steps.
Ladies step back with right, then left step, and right steps next to left and the feet are together.
DT: And the 4th, 5th and 6th steps?
Kana: Gentleman stepped with left step on 3rd step, so right foot is next, and he steps back, then steps on left, and then steps right next to left, and the feet are together.
Ladies stepped with right on 3rd step, so their next step is with left, and it is forward step. then right step, and then left steps next to right, and the feet are together and ready to start again.
DT: Okay, itís 6 steps, but itís in 3's, correct?
Starting Up Straight
Kana: For people with music background, best expressed 6 steps to 8 beats of music -- itís step, step, step hold (hold means donít step), step, step,step hold. Or one two three hold, one two three hold.
DT: And both the man and woman are stepping and holding on the same beats.
Kana: Yes, in the basic dance, yes.
DT: What about the hips?
Kana: Try not to force the hip movement, but let it come from floor and weight change. Your body weight change one foot to the other, when that happens from your ball of foot, flat foot, ankle, knee, hip move. But try not to initiate the move from your hip.
Helmut: In all the latin dances as Kana mentions you are just changing weight onto a bent leg and as it straightens -- as your body moves from one side to the other -- it looks like the hips are moving.
DT: Does your hip follow your feet or do your feet follow your hips?
Helmut: The hip follows the body weight change.
Stepping with bent knees.
Straightening the knees
as weight is shifted
causes the hips to sway
DT: When you step, what part of the foot is first to contact the floor.
Kana: Almost flat foot. I wouldnít think toe or heel, I would think almost flat foot, but always knee bent. Itís contacting the floor with the knee bent, then the knee is straightened and that is what causes the swaying in the hips.
Helmut: You don't move with stiff knees, and you try not to move with your hips side to side. Otherwise, you will end up with your feet too far apart.
DT: How long of a process is it for a new student to learn the hip motion?
Helmut: It will take awhile. Most people learn the steps first and after awhile they get the salsa look with the hip motion.
DT: Are there any exercises or tricks for learning the hip motion?
Helmut: No, nothing other than just doing it over and over, possibly in front of a mirror.
DT: Helmut, what are you doing with your arms? It looks as though you are making a circular motion with your left.
Helmut: I am keeping my left arm almost still, but I am moving my torso which makes it appear that the left arm is moving. Most people are not used to moving their upper body, so, -- to add to your previous question, -- squirming is a kind of exercise to improve flexibility and control.
DT: Do you have any general tips for leaders?
Helmut: Stay relaxed, keep time with the music.
The Keys:The same foot never steps twice in a row, so if the left was the last to step, the right will step next. The stepping of the feet is not too difficult, and in large part remains the same from salsa figure to salsa figure. The knee-hip action discussed above will take a good while for the beginner to master.
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text:
ACOMA POLYCHROME OLLA circa 1915
The hatched design on this early 20th century jar has a geometric rigidity that most Acoma jars of the period ignored in favor of more flowing naturalistic motifs. If the jars of the period didn't have parrot or rainbows, they usually had flowers, leaves and flowing swirls. This straight-lines-only black and white design strikes us as unusual for the times. It rings like an unbroken pot, but it's been broken, reglued and restored. If it had never been broken, its price would be much higher. It's on page 53 of our revised Second Edition of Southwestern Pottery, Anasazi to Zuni.
The inside of this jar is something else again. We saw the mysterious cross design in black on the bottom of the bowl and the even more mysterious thin-washed orange circle and cross over it, and we worried that we'd stumbled on something ceremonial that shouldn't have left the Pueblo. We took it to a show in Pasadena and showed it to Acoma potter Carmen Lewis, fully expecting that we'd have to give it to her so she could return it to the Pueblo. Instead, she laughed and explained it all. The black design inside transfered during firing when the potter saved space in her pit and put a smaller pot inside it. The red pinwheel happened when her orange slip inside the rim dripped while she was painting it. She wiped her rag through the drip and swooshed the paint on the rag around the inside to create the circle and cross. So much for dark Pueblo mysteries.
8-1/2" diameter x 5-1/2" high
Condition very good after repair and restoration


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Sorting optimization for Sawmill stock
On the beginning of production you have sawlogs. On the other end you have timber in several sizes.
When sawmill usually buy sawlogs it has to sort it in some boxes prior to sawing. Number of boxes can be different from sawmill to sawmill. (Of course some technologies allow skip sorting).
So. Let's imagine that you are already sorting logs in some ways, for example with diameter step of 10mm. Then I give you these questions:
1. Is this sorting optimal?
2. For particular timber size... from which box You take sawlog to achieve optimum yield?
Sorting Optimization" module give you answers for this questions.
So, base on:
- real production (timber sizes)
- input sizes of logs
You can answer on questions:
- how should I sort logs optimally, if I need for example 12 boxes?
- I need to produce board with sizes 22x50.... from which box I have to take sawlogs?
As a result you will have:
for defined number of boxes you obtain suggested sorting of logs (4 optimization methods). Of course you can modify sorting as you wish. You can split adjacent boxes, join them or move borders between them.
Then for each timber size you obtain recommended boxes (numbered by priority).
So, you get for example results:
Box1: sawlog diameter from 100 to 102mm
Box2: sawlog diameter from 103 to 110mm
And then:
For timber 20x40 is the best to take sawlogs from box #3, then from box #2 etc.etc.


text:
Carving is the practice of searching an input for files or other kinds of objects based on content, rather than on metadata. File carving is a powerful tool for recovering files and fragments of files when directory entries are corrupt or missing, as may be the case with old files that have been deleted or when performing an analysis on damaged media. Memory carving is a useful tool for analyzing physical and virtual memory dumps when the memory structures are unknown or have been overwritten.
Most file carvers operate by looking for file headers and/or footers, and then "carving out" the blocks between these two boundaries. Semantic Carving performs carving based on an analysis of the contents of the proposed files.
File carving should be done on a disk image, rather than on the original disk.
File carving tools are listed on the Tools:Data_Recovery wiki page.
Many carving programs have an option to only look at or near sector boundaries where headers are found. However, searching the entire input can find files that have been embedded into other files, such as JPEGs being embedded into Microsoft Word documents. This may be considered an advantage or a disadvantage, depending on the circumstances.
Today most file carving programs will only recover files that are contiguous on the media.
FIle Carving Taxonomy
- General term for extracting data (files) out of undifferentiated blocks (raw data), like "carving" a sculpture out of soap stone.
- Block Based Carving
- Any carving method (algorithm) that analyzes the input on block-by-block basis to determine if a block is part of a possible output file. This method assumes that each block can only be part of a single file (or embedded file).
- Characteristic Based Carving
- Any carving method (algorithm) that analyzes the input on characteristic basis (for example, entropy) to determine if the input is part of a possible output file.
- Header/Footer Carving
- A method for carving files out of raw data using a distinct header (start of file marker) and footer (end of file marker).
- Header/Maximum (file) size Carving
- A method for carving files out of raw data using a distinct header (start of file marker) and a maximum (file) size. This approach works because many file formats (e.g. JPEG, MP3) do not care if additional junk is appended to the end of a valid file.
- Header/Embedded Length Carving
- A method for carving files out of raw data using a distinct header and a file length (size) which is embedded in the file format
- File structure based Carving
- A method for carving files out of raw data using a certain level of knowledge of the internal structure of file types. Garfinkel called this approach "Semantic Carving" in his DFRWS2006 carving challenge submission, while Metz and Mora called the approach "Deep Carving."
- Semantic Carving
- A method for carving files based on a linguistic analysis of the file's content. For example, a semantic carver might conclude that six blocks of french in the middle of a long HTML file written in English is a fragment left from a previous allocated file, and not from the English-language HTML file.
- Carving with Validation
- A method for carving files out of raw data where the carved files are validated using a file type specific validator.
- Fragment Recovery Carving
- A carving method in which two or more fragments are reassembled to form the original file or object. Garfinkel previously called this approach "Split Carving."
File Carving challenges and test images
 FAT Undelete Test #1 - Digital Forensics Tool Testing Image (dftt #6)
 NTFS Undelete (and leap year) Test #1 - Digital Forensics Tool Testing Image (dftt #7)
 Basic Data Carving Test - fat32 (by Nick Mikus) - Digital Forensics Tool Testing Image (dftt #11)
 Basic Data Carving Test - ext2 (by Nick Mikus) - Digital Forensics Tool Testing Image (dftt #12)
File Carving Bibliography
Mikus, Nicholas A. "An analysis of disc carving techniques," Master's Thesis, Naval Postgraduate School. March 2005. _URL_
Garfinkel, S., "Carving Contiguous and Fragmented Files with Fast Object Validation", Digital Forensics Workshop (DFRWS 2007), Pittsburgh, PA, August 2007. _URL_


Exercise 2 | Forward/Backward Moves & Spins (1-2-Whoosh)
1-2-Whoosh spins within forward/backward moves are a good challenge. They are more challenging than within side moves, yet great for building your stability and balance.
Start with feeling the music, finding its rhythm, and feeling the 1-2-Whoosh within you. When ready, get into your forward/backward moves, 1-2-Whoosh style. Feel poised and encourage your movement to rotate, aka bend. The more general rotation you have the more naturally spins happen.
Now, prepare your spin on the Whoosh of the previous move. Then feel yourself spin on the 1-2 and landing it on the Whoosh. Spinning as you travel straight forward or backward is challenging, so when you spin allow yourself to spin to the side if that feels better.
Incorporate all the elements of movement and use this exercise to solidify your 1-2-Whoosh timing and your stability. Explore and play with your spin possibilities.
Practice with the Spotify playlist and your favorite tunes.
Fun times ahead.


text:
- dint •
Part of Speech: Noun
Meaning: Means, stroke, strength
Notes: Though today's Good Word was once a noun in good standing, today its use is limited to the idiomatic phrase by dint of, which means "by means of, by a stroke of, on the strength of". It is an odd little word. It resembles dent but seems semantically unrelated. We will see in the Word History how they are related.
In Play: The meaning of today's word in its current restricted usage is is similar to the phrase by a stroke of, as in: "Robin Banks acquired his retirement savings by dint of good luck and poor police work." Today this phrase is a synonym of by means of: "Warren Peace finally won Dolly Salvador's affection by dint of immense patience."
Word History: Today's Good Word is a rarity, an authentic English word for which evidence outside English is difficult to find. The original meaning of English dint, also spelled dent, was "a blow or stroke of a weapon". By the middle of the 16th century, however, dent had taken on the sense of the mark left in metal by a blow. Dint then almost dropped from the language, except in phrases like "to take by dint (blow) of sword", meaning by force, by means of arms. From there it was but a short skip to today's meaning. (Today's Good Word came to us by dint of a note from Kiki Borges of Toronto, a new and welcome contributor.)
Come visit our website at for more Good Words and other language resources!


text:
Uncertainties in cloud feedback remain stubbornly significant in global climate models, disrupting the credibility of climate projections. This study examined the impacts of the prognostic treatment of precipitation on cloud feedback using the Model for Interdisciplinary Research on Climate version 6 (MIROC6). In a prognostic precipitation scheme, precipitating hydrometers are explicitly predicted, allowing a more sophisticated representation of their microphysical and radiative effects than that of traditional diagnostic schemes. The introduction of the prognostic scheme in MIROC6 increases cloud feedback associated with the elevated altitude of clouds in warming climates. Moreover, the equilibrium climate sensitivity increases by about 20%. Because associated high-level clouds are better represented in the prognostic scheme, climate projections with larger altitude feedback are considered more credible. Additional analyses of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project models suggests that their altitude cloud feedback would be higher if their underestimation of high-level clouds were mitigated.
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Earth and Planetary Sciences(all)


text:
B1910 MARK 2 NAT TESTER
This is same as BI900 Nottingham Asphalt Tester (NAT) but includes hardware and software to carry out additional tests.
B1900 Nottingham Asphalt Tester (NAT)
The Nottingham Asphalt Tester (NAT) provides a simple, user-friendly means of measuring and assessing the mechanical properties of asphaltic materials.
The NAT was developed at the University of Nottingham. The Pavement Research Group at Nottingham has an international reputation as one of the world's leading centers specializing in work on the properties of highway materials, and the NAT has been developed by researchers with considerable experience of testing asphaltic mixes.
The Nottingham Asphalt Tester can be used for quality control, mix design, and product specification, failure investigation, pavement evaluation, the assessment of new materials and durability checks.
The basic B1900 NAT can perform the following tests:
Additional hardware and software enables users to carry out the following MARK 2 NAT tests:
- Measurement of elastic stiffness modulus using repeated load indirect tension.
- Measurement of instantaneous and total resilient modulus (ASTM test D4123).
- Assessment of resistance to fatigue cracking.
- Assessment of resistance to permanent deformation with the uniaxial creep test.
- Assessment of resistance to permanent deformation with the repeated load axial test.
- Advanced resilient modulus test for the measurement of instantaneous and total Poisson's ratio and modulus as defined in ASTM test D4123.
- Dynamic creep with both axial and radial strain measurement. Full data capture and storage at predetermined intervals.
The Nottingham Asphalt Tester (NAT) consists of a stainless steel load frame fitted with a pneumatic actuator and load transducer and capable of applying vertical loads in the range 0 to 4.3kN; an indirect tensile subframe, alignment jig LVDT yokes, LVDT deformation transducers and software necessary to carry out Indirect Tensile Stiffness Modulus (ITSM) tests on both 100mm and 150mm diameter cores or molded cylindrical specimens; a 150mm or 100mm diameter (customer to specify) PVC specimen for routine checking of (ITSM) transducer accuracy; hardened, ground and polished platens, LVDT deformation transducers, LVDT mounts and software necessary to carry out both Static Creep and Repeated Load Axial tests on both 100mm and 150mm diameter specimens; an electronic interface unit with power supplies and signal conditioning for a load transducer, 2 thermocouples, 2 LVDTs and capability of expanding for up to 3 additional transducers; a temperature controlled cabinet capable of controlling temperature in the range of -10° to 60°C.
Software provides a user friendly means of carrying out testing. A 486 or compatible PC is suggested. About 100 psi supply pressure at 6 cfm is needed. A detailed color brochure is available for the asking.


Videos by Jason Brennan
In Defense of Open Borders
Jason Brennan debates a researcher from the Heritage Institute on immigration policy. Brennan defends open borders from a moral and economic perspective.
Why Utopia is Capitalist
Brennan presents Why Not Capitalism? at the College of New Jersey. He argues that even if people were angels, market society would be superior to socialism.
Libertarianism Beyond the Cartoon
Jason Brennan explains how the cartoon view of libertarianism is inaccurate, and how libertarians have sophisticated responses to many of their critics.
Markets without Symbolic Limits
Jason Brennan argues that semiotic objections to markets in organs (and other taboo goods) fail.


text:
Shoefresh: how it works
- Why do shoes smell?
- How does the Shoefresh tackle smelly shoes?
- What is Active Oxygen (ozone)
Does the Shoefresh also remove the smell of old shoes?
Yes, the smell of old shoes is also hugely decreased with the Shoefresh. Usually the insoles of old shoes smell the worst. Therefore we advice to replace the old insoles with our specially developed Shoefresh insoles with bamboo.
- Why does the fan continue to spin for another 10 seconds when the program has finished?
- Does the Shoefresh need refills?
- What is the difference between the Shoefresh and other shoe dryers?