text:
Relationships between perceived features and similarity of images: A test of Tversky's Contrast Model
MetadataShow full item record
The rapid growth of the numbers of images and their users as a result of the reduction in cost and increase in efficiency of the creation, storage, manipulation, and transmission of images poses challenges to those who organize and provide access to images. One of these challenges is similarity matching, a key component of current content-based image retrieval systems. Similarity matching often is implemented through similarity measures based on geometric models of similarity whose metric axioms are not satisfied by human similarity judgment data. This study is significant in that it is among the first known to test Tversky's contrast model, which equates the degree of similarity of two stimuli to a linear combination of their common and distinctive features, in the context of image representation and retrieval. Data were collected from 150 participants who performed an image description and a similarity judgment task. Structural equation modeling, correlation, and regression analyses confirmed the relationships between perceived features and similarity of objects hypothesized by Tversky. The results hold implications for future research that will attempt to further test the contrast model and assist designers of image organization and retrieval systems by pointing toward alternative document representations and similarity measures that more closely match human similarity judgments.


text:
|dc.description.abstract||The nature of employment contracts has often been blamed to influence the flow of work and as the reason for poor operational performance in intergovernmental organizations across the world. Many studies have been done on fixed term employment contracts but very little have been researched on how these influence the flow of work in intergovernmental organisations. The study examined the influences of fixed-term employment contracts on the workflow of intergovernmental organisations using the SADC Plant Genetic Resources Centre, in Lusaka, Zambia as a case. It focused on how the flow of work at these organisations is affected when the contracts of those employees superintending long term projects expire. Data was gathered from respondents using questionnaires and analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). It was found out that fixed term employment contracts, to a greater extent, negatively affected the workflow of intergovernmental organisations. It was shown that there was interruption of work at the expiration of employee contracts, some planned projects are not implemented, abandoned along the way and yielded unsatisfactory results. Intergovernmental organisations are therefore recommended to match their employment contracts with the length of their projects, renewing these until the employee reaches retirement age or even giving permanent positions to high performers. It is also recommended that further studies focus on the need for intergovernmental organisations to hire employees specifically for projects that have got a known life span and match this with the contracts of employment as well as understanding losses incurred in these types of institutions as a result of the expiry of employment contracts.
Key words: Fixed Term Employment Contracts, Workflow, Projects, Plant Genetic Resources.||en

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


Posted on August 28, 2020 By Rabbi Yisroel Belsky ztl | Series: | Level:
My daughter in 7th grade has a report to do for English. The teacher said the students have to type it on the computer, and that the parents shouldn't type it for them. I surmise that the reason they want it typed on the computer is for readability, and the reason they don't want the parents to type it is so that the parents don't write the actual contents of the report for the students. My daughter wrote the report in long hand. She is an extremely slow typist, and it would take her 5 hours to type it, which is time hard to find considering how much other work she has. Can I type part of all of it for her, and does she have to be totally honest with her teacher about it if I do?
Perhaps the reason the teacher wants them to type it is in order that the kids should have typing experience. Sometimes the English teacher is in cahoots with the typing teacher. I think it is worthwhile to call up the teacher. It's also not a good idea to tell your child that you have a reason why you want to conceal something from her teacher. Then the child will understand that this is an acceptable way to act in life. The teacher will say, "Did you type it?" and your daughter will say, "Yes", which is not true. It is worthwhile to call the teacher and explain that it may take five hours for your daughter to type the entire report, and ask if it would be possible for you to type part or most of it for her. The teacher will probably say, "Of course you can." But it is not at all a good idea for your daughter to be involved in deceiving the teacher. A child should never be involved in deceiving a teacher
A friend who works in a furniture gemach (an organization that lends to those in need) called my wife, and said someone wants to contribute a couch, but the gemach has no one to pick it up and no place to store it. The person at the gemach said that we would be helping them if we picked it up and kept it, and that optionally we can pay whatever we want. How do we figure out how much to pay for it? Should it be based on the true value of the couch, or on our ability to pay? Should we have it evaluated by a person who knows couches?
Subscribe to Honesty and receive this class via e- mail.
Honesty Archives
Honesty, Copyright © 2002 by Rabbi Yisroel Belsky Shli"ta and


text:
The Long COVID RECOVERY NOW Act (H.R. 1114) would provide an optimized coordinated federal government response, public education, and insurance reimbursement guidance for Long COVID.
Long COVID is defined as symptoms or conditions that occur after infection with COVID- 19. These symptoms vary and can last weeks, months, or even years and can sometimes result in disability. Long COVID can also trigger health conditions such as diabetes or kidney disease. Studies show 30% of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 develop kidney injury and more than 50% of patients in intensive care units with kidney injury may require dialysis.
H.R. 1114 would create a grant program through the Department of Health and Human Services for Federally Qualified Health Centers, rural health clinics, and other public health departments treating patients with Long COVID to develop best practices and coordinated care with other specialties such as dieticians, mental health providers, and cardiologists.
Please contact your U.S. representative and ask them to support the Long COVID RECOVERY NOW Act, which will optimize care for people with a kidney injury or kidney disease because of Long COVID-19 infection.
 H.R.1114 - 118th Congress (2023-2024): Long covid recovery now ..., accessed June 1, 2023, _URL_
 "Coronavirus: Kidney Damage Caused by Covid-19," Coronavirus: Kidney Damage Caused by COVID-19 | Johns Hopkins Medicine, November 17, 2022, _URL_


text:
- Behind the Scenes Tours
- Journey with Gentle Giants
- Beluga & Friends
Ways to Give
The Amazon milk frog is found in tropical rain forests in northern South America. It lives its entire life in the forest canopy and rarely, if ever, descends to the ground. This species is considered large for a tree frog and adults usually range in size from 2.5 to 4 inches. Males are smaller than females.
The coloration of an adult Amazon milk frog can range from dark brown with light grey or white banding, to light grey with dark brown banding. Juveniles are banded black and white. The eyes are golden in color with a black Maltese cross centered on the pupil. There is a vocal sac on each side of the head.
Look for the Amazon milk frog in green tree boa exhibit in the River Scout gallery.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


March 9th in baseball history: a real Cleveland Indian
The "Indian" who played for Cleveland
Louis SockalexisCLEVELAND, OHIO | MARCH 9, 1897 - A member of the Penobscot Indian tribe was signed by the National League Cleveland Spiders on this date in 1897, and some later claimed that's where Cleveland's American League franchise got its name.
Louis Sockalexis showed superb athletic ability and ferocious power playing baseball as a kid on the Penobscot reservation in Maine. Stories, some of them apocryphal, had him throwing a ball 600 feet over the Penobscot River and hitting a baseball just as far.
He went on to play ball at Holy Cross College in Worcester, Massachusetts before transfering to the University of Notre Dame in 1897.
Sockalexis didn't stay long at Notre Dame. He was signed by the Cleveland Spiders in August of His career didn't last long, before the turn the century he was no longer a major league baseball player. Heavy drinking reportedly took its toll. Sockalexis died in 1913 at age 42.
A year after Sockalexis died Cleveland's American League team was in need of a new name. They had been called the Naps, after star player Nap Lajoie, but he was traded in 1914. The name "Indians" was chosen. As time went by the story that the team was named in honor of a real Indian, Louis Sockalexis, was allowed to surface.
Ithaca College Professor Ellen Staurowsky, among others, looked into the issue and wrote in the Sociology of Sport Journal, in 1998 that the name "Indians" was more likely chosen for exploitative purposes. The real story of why "Indians" was chosen was that it was a take off on the Boston Braves which were a baseball sensation that year for going from last place on July 4th to winning the World Series.
Contributing sources:
"An Act of Honor or Exploitation?: The Cleveland Indians' Use of the Louis Francis Sockalexis Story," by Ellen Staurowsky, Sociology of Sport Journal, 1998
The American Indian Quarterly
Baseball Reliquary
[Photo source: State of Maine]
This baseball history story about Louis Sockalexis is brought to you by today in baseball.


text:
Margin of Safety (MOS)
In break-even analysis, margin of safety is the extent by which actual or projected sales exceed the break-even sales. It may be calculated simply as the difference between actual or projected sales and the break-even sales. However, it is best to calculate margin of safety in the form of a ratio. Thus we have the following two formulas to calculate margin of safety:
|MOS = Budgeted Sales − Break-even Sales|
|MOS =||Budgeted Sales − Break-even Sales|
Margin of Safety can be expressed both in terms of sales units and currency units.
The margin of safety is a measure of risk. It represents the amount of drop in sales which a company can tolerate. Higher the margin of safety, the more the company can withstand fluctuations in sales. A drop in sales greater than margin of safety will cause net loss for the period.
Use the following information to calculate margin of safety:
|Sales Price per Unit||$40|
|Variable Cost per Unit||$32|
|Total Fixed Cost||$7,000|
|Breakeven Sales Units||= $7,000 ÷ ($40 - $32)||= 875|
|Budgeted Sales Units||= $40,000 ÷ $40||= 1,000|
|Margin of Safety||= (1000 − 875) ÷ 1,000||= 12.5%|
Written by Irfanullah Jan and last revised on

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
traffic flow; discontinuous Galerkin method; junctions; numerical flux
We deal with the simulation of traffic flow on networks. On individual roads we use standard macroscopic traffic models. The discontinuous Galerkin method in space and explicit Euler method in time is used for the numerical solution. We apply limiters to keep the density in an admissible interval as well as prevent spurious oscillations in the numerical solution. To solve traffic networks, we construct suitable numerical fluxes at junctions. Numerical experiments are presented.


);
vpx_free(g_b_scaler.l_h);
vpx_free(g_b_scaler.l_h_uv);
vpx_free(g_b_scaler.c_w);
vpx_free(g_b_scaler.c_h);
vpx_free(g_b_scaler.c_h_uv);
vpx_memset(&g_b_scaler, 0, sizeof(BICUBIC_SCALER_STRUCT));
}
}
// Create the coeffients that will be used for the cubic interpolation.
// Because scaling does not have to be equal in the vertical and horizontal
// regimes the phase offsets will be different. There are 4 coefficents
// for each point, two on each side. The layout is that there are the
// 4 coefficents for each phase in the array and then the next phase.
int bicubic_coefficient_setup(int in_width, int in_height, int out_width, int out_height) {
int i;
#ifdef FIXED_POINT
int phase_offset_int;
unsigned int fixed_mult;
int product_val = 0;
#else
float phase_offset;
#endif
int gcd_w, gcd_h, gcd_h_uv, d_w, d_h, d_h_uv;
if (g_first_time)
bicubic_coefficient_init();
// check to see if the coefficents have already been set up correctly
if ((in_width == g_b_scaler.in_width) && (in_height == g_b_scaler.in_height)
&& (out_width == g_b_scaler.out_width) && (out_height == g_b_scaler.out_height))
return 0;
g_b_scaler.in_width = in_width;
g_b_scaler.in_height = in_height;
g_b_scaler.out_width = out_width;
g_b_scaler.out_height = out_height;
// Don't want to allow crazy scaling, just try and prevent a catastrophic
// failure here. Want to fail after setting the member functions so if
// if the scaler is called the member functions will not scale.
if (out_width <= 0 || out_height <= 0)
return -1;
// reduce in/out width and height ratios using the gcd
gcd_w = gcd(out_width, in_width);
gcd_h = gcd(out_height, in_height);
gcd_h_uv = gcd(out_height, in_height / 2);
// the numerator width and height are to be saved in
// globals so they can be used during the scaling process
// without having to be recalculated.
g_b_scaler.nw = out_width / gcd_w;
d_w = in_width / gcd_w;
g_b_scaler.nh = out_height / gcd_h;
d_h = in_height / gcd_h;
g_b_scaler.nh_uv = out_height / gcd_h_uv;
d_h_uv = (in_height / 2) / gcd_h_uv;
// allocate memory for the coefficents
vpx_free(g_b_scaler.l_w);
vpx_free(g_b_scaler.l_h);
vpx_free(g_b_scaler.l_h_uv);
g_b_scaler.l_w = (short *)vpx_memalign(32, out_width * 2);
g_b_scaler.l_h = (short *)vpx_memalign(32, out_height * 2);
g_b_scaler.l_h_uv = (short *)vpx_memalign(32, out_height * 2);
vpx_free(g_b_scaler.c_w);
vpx_free(g_b_scaler.c_h);
vpx_free(g_b_scaler.c_h_uv);
g_b_scaler.c_w = (short *)vpx_memalign(32, g_b_scaler.nw * 4 * 2);
g_b_scaler.c_h = (short *)vpx_memalign(32, g_b_scaler.nh * 4 * 2);
g_b_scaler.c_h_uv = (short *)vpx_memalign(32, g_b_scaler.nh_uv * 4 * 2);
g_b_scaler.hbuf = g_hbuf;
g_b_scaler.hbuf_uv = g_hbuf_uv;
// Set up polyphase filter taps. This needs to be done before
// the scaling because of the floating point math required. The
// coefficients are multiplied by 2^12 so that fixed point math
// can be used in the main scaling loop.
#ifdef FIXED_POINT
fixed_mult = (1.0 / (float)g_b_scaler.nw) * _PHONE_;
product_val = 0;
for (i = 0; i < g_b_scaler.nw; i++) {
if (product_val > g_b_scaler.nw)
product_val -= g_b_scaler.nw;
phase_offset_int = (fixed_mult * product_val) >> 16;
g_b_scaler.c_w[i * 4] = c3_fixed(phase_offset_int);
g_b_scaler.c_w[i * 4 + 1] = c2_fixed(phase_offset_int);
g_b_scaler.c_w[i * 4 + 2] = c1_fixed(phase_offset_int);
g_b_scaler.c_w[i * 4 + 3] = c0_fixed(phase_offset_int);
product_val += d_w;
}
fixed_mult = (1.0 / (float)g_b_scaler.nh) * _PHONE_;
product_val = 0;
for (i = 0; i < g_b_scaler.nh; i++) {
if (product_val > g_b_scaler.nh)
product_val -= g_b_scaler.nh;
phase_offset_int = (fixed_mult * product_val) >> 16;
g_b_scaler.c_h[i * 4] = c0_fixed(phase_offset_int);
g_b_scaler.c_h[i * 4 + 1] = c1_fixed(phase_offset_int);
g_b_scaler.c_h[i * 4 + 2] = c2_fixed(phase_offset_int);
g_b_scaler.c_h[i * 4 + 3] = c3_fixed(phase_offset_int);
product_val += d_h;
}
fixed_mult = (1.0 / (float)g_b_scaler.nh_uv) * _PHONE_;
product_val = 0;
for (i = 0; i < g_b_scaler.nh_uv; i++) {
if (product_val > g_b_scaler.nh_uv)
product_val -= g_b_scaler.nh_uv;
phase_offset_int = (fixed_mult * product_val) >> 16;
g_b_scaler.c_h_uv[i * 4] = c0_fixed(phase_offset_int);
g_b_scaler.c_h_uv[i * 4 + 1] = c1_fixed(phase_offset_int);
g_b_scaler.c_h_uv[i * 4 + 2] = c2_fixed(phase_offset_int);
g_b_scaler.c_h_uv[i * 4 + 3] = c3_fixed(phase_offset_int);
product_val += d_h_uv;
}
#else
for (i = 0; i < g_nw; i++) {
phase_offset = (float)((i * d_w) % g_nw) / (float)g_nw;
g_c_w[i * 4] = (C3(phase_offset) * 4096.0);
g_c_w[i * 4 + 1] = (C2


text:
Howard Goodall's Story of Music
Don't miss the first episode of Howard Goodall's landmark series
Howard Goodall presents a personal view of the history of music, from the beginning of human existence to the present day.
In the first episode of a six-part series Goodall explores mankind's earliest steps in music-making, suggesting that it is an integral part of human existence.
Archeological evidence shows that music could have been as much a part of everyday life in the Upper Paleolithic Age as it is today.
The episode goes on to look at Gregorian Chant and developments in medieval music that provided a foundation for the rules of harmony and notation that we still use today. Find out more on the BBC website.


text:
To define help text for adaptor properties in an IMDF file,
Help element. You can include only one
in an IMDF file and it must be a child of the root node.
As children of the
Help node, you create
that contain the help text for a particular property. You use the
AdaptorHelp element to specify which property
the help is associated with.
You can optionally include device-specific content in the help
text. This text appears only when a particular device is selected.
Use one or more
DeviceHelp nodes to add device-specific
help to an
AdaptorHelp node. You use the
DeviceHelp element to specify when the text
should appear. You can also create see also references for your property
The following example outlines how to use these elements to create property help. The words in italics represent text that you must define.
 Help text Device-specific help text References to other properties ...
The following table summarizes the tags you can use to define help. For more information, see these topics.
Defines the help section in an IMDF file. Must be child
Defines the online help for a property. The Help node can contain one or more AdaptorHelp nodes.
Specifies device-specific text in property help. This
element is optional. An
Defines the see also line in property help. This element
is optional. An
The purpose of using a
Help element in an
IMDF file is to create help text for device-specific properties. A
user of your adaptor can display the help text at the command line
The following example shows how a user displays the help text
for a device-specific property using the
To see how to create this help in an IMDF file, see Creating AdaptorHelp Nodes.
The items in this list correspond to the numbered elements above.
Device-specific properties are properties
of the video source object. The example creates the video input object
and then uses the
getselectedsource function to
get a handle to the video source object.
The example uses the
to display a list of device-specific properties.
to display help for one of the properties of the video source object.
The first line of the help lists the name of the property with its constraints, such as range and permission.
The text of the help appears exactly
as you enter it in the IMDF file. You include the text after the
The See Also line
is created by the
This section describes how to create help text for a property
using the set of help tags defined by the IMDF DTD. The following
example shows the IMDF entry for the
displayed in User Scenario: Viewing Property Help. The example sets the
AdaptorHelp tag to the name of a property.
 Specify the brightness, also called the black level. Brightness describes the difference in intensity of light reflected from or transmitted through an image independent of its hue and saturation. For some devices, the value is expressed in IRE units * 100. For other devices, the units are arbitrary. Refer to the device's documentation for information. Depending on the acquisition device, this property may have an associated mode property allowing this value to be controlled automatically by the device, or for it to be manually configured. BrightnessMode.
To include help text that only appears for specific devices,
In this example, the help text contains three device-specific
sections. Note how the example sets the
DeviceHelp property to the name of a device.
 Enables the strobe output and its timer. Upon enabling the strobe output, it will start detection of triggers and generate output as appropriate. Consult your hardware manual for a detailed description of the strobe output. See also StrobeMode, StrobeDuration, StrobeDelay, StrobePolarity, StrobeAlignOnHs. See also StrobeMode, StrobeDelay, StrobePolarity. For the PC-RGB, StrobeEnable only enables the timing circuitry. The strobe output must still be enabled with the StrobeOutputEnable property. See also StrobeMode, StrobePolarity, StrobeDelay, StrobeOutputEnable.


What Is SkyActiv Technology?
SkyActiv Technology
Introduction
Mazda's SkyActiv Technology enhances vehicle performance and efficiency through creative engine designs such as SkyActiv-G and SkyActive-D. These engines enhance combustion for more fuel economy and fewer emissions. Supported by SkyActiv-Body and SkyActiv-Chassis, which offer robust yet lightweight designs, Mazda prioritizes driving dynamics and safety. This all-encompassing approach underlines Mazda's commitment to environmentally friendly vehicle innovation and guarantees a joyful driving experience.
Discover Mazda's ground-breaking SkyActiv Technology, which combines efficiency and innovation with performance. Built on contemporary SkyActiv-G and SkyActiv-D engines, it redefines automotive standards with the best fuel economy and lowest emissions. Mazda vehicles, refined by SkyActiv-Body and SkyActiv-Chassis, mix lightweight agility with uncompromising safety. Enter a new age of driving excellence whereby every trip naturally blends adventure with sustainability.
SkyActiv Technology reflects Mazda's all-encompassing attitude to raise vehicle performance and efficiency. Combining lightweight automobile construction with contemporary engine technologies allows Mazda to achieve outstanding fuel economy without compromising its driving characteristics. This innovative method shows Mazda's commitment to sustainability and generates both environmentally beneficial and entertaining ways to drive cars.
Core Components of SkyActiv Technology
SkyActiv-G Engine
Mazda's SkyActiv-G engines are supposed to maximize fuel economy and power output using high compression ratios and precision combustion control. This produces higher fuel economy without sacrificing performance, making Mazda vehicles rational and responsive on the road.
SkyActiv-D Engine
SkyActiv-D Reflecting Mazda's diesel technology, the SkyActiv-D engines present fantastic performance and efficiency. Using a two-stage turbocharging system and advanced fuel injection, these engines improve combustion efficiency and lower emissions, allowing great acceleration and towing capability.
SkyActiv-Body
Mazda's SkyActiv-Body produces lightweight yet strong vehicle construction using modern materials such as ultra-high-tensile steel and innovative technical approaches. Reducing weight while maintaining structural integrity in a collision increases safety, agility, and fuel economy.
SkyActiv-Chassis
Maximizing vehicle dynamics and handling is mainly essential for the SkyActiv chassis. In many kinds of road conditions, its accurate steering, well-balanced suspension system, and carefully placed reinforcement improve stability and responsiveness. Apart from enhancing driving pleasure, its chassis design assures passengers of a smooth and under-control ride.
Mazda's SkyActiv Technology essentially blends these basic components to produce vehicles that demonstrate its commitment to creative automotive engineering in terms of efficiency, safety, and fun to drive.
Technological Innovations
SkyActiv-X Engine
Mazda's inventive Spark Controlled Compression Ignition (SPCCI) technology is embodied in the SkyActiv-X engine, which combines the economy of diesel engines with the responsiveness of petrol engines. It achieves this by compressing a lean air-fuel mix, boosting fuel economy by up to thirty percent above conventional petrol engines.
SkyActiv-Transmission
Modern gearbox technology featured in Mazda's SkyActiv-Transmission increases fuel economy and responsiveness. Perfect gear ratios and inventive control systems maximize power delivery, reducing energy losses and generating smoother acceleration and better fuel economy.
i-Activ AWD
The intelligent all-wheel-drive technology of Mazda i-Activ AWD continuously analyzes driving conditions and adjusts torque distribution between front and rear wheels. Running largely in front-wheel drive when additional traction is not needed reduces fuel consumption while simultaneously boosting traction and stability, enabling confident handling in many different weather and road situations.
SkyActiv-Vehicle Dynamics
SkyActiv-Vehicle Dynamics technology improves vehicle stability and agility by combining numerous systems, including G-Vectoring Control (GVC). GVC reduces driver fatigue by changing engine torque in response to steering inputs, improving cornering stability.
These technical innovations show Mazda's commitment to creating automotive technology through vehicles with great efficiency, performance, and driving dynamics, highlighting environmental responsibility and driver delight.
Fuel Efficiency and Performance
Efficient Combustion
By using high compression ratios and precise fuel injection, SkyActiv Technology maximizes combustion efficiency, improving fuel economy without compromising power.
Aerodynamic Design
Mazda's aerodynamic elements reduce drag and increase fuel economy through smooth airflow across the vehicle.
Lightweight Construction
SkyActiv-Body and SkyActiv-Chassis reduce vehicle weight by using lightweight materials and innovative engineering techniques, improving handling and fuel efficiency.
Responsive Driving Dynamics
SkyActiv Technology maximizes fuel economy by enhancing driving dynamics with accurate steering, balanced suspension systems, and a responsive gearbox, which generates a smooth and pleasant driving experience.
Using SkyActiv Technology, Mazda's focus on fuel economy and performance ensures that drivers can enjoy both financial benefits and driving fun. By combining modern engine technology, aerodynamic enhancements, and lightweight construction processes, Mazda continues to develop in offering efficient, ecologically friendly, and enjoyable cars.
Environmental Sustainability
Reduced Emissions
Advanced engine designs and emissions control technologies included in SkyActiv Technology help improve the quality of the air and reduce the environmental impact by reducing dangerous exhaust emissions.
Efficient Fuel Consumption
Mazda's engines under SkyActiv Technology achieve better fuel efficiency by improving combustion and reducing energy losses. This saves natural resources and reduces the carbon footprint.
Recyclable Materials
By using recyclable materials in the construction of SkyActiv-Body and SkyActiv-Chassis, Mazda supports sustainability throughout the car's lifetime.
Future-Oriented Innovation
Through continuous research and development aligned with Mazda's long-term environmental stewardship commitment, future-oriented innovation in SkyActiv Technology aims to increase fuel economy and reduce emissions.
Using SkyActiv Technology, Mazda's strategy for environmental sustainability demonstrates its dedication to producing automobiles with not only great performance but also low environmental impact. By focusing on emissions reduction, fuel economy improvement, and recyclable materials, Mazda wishes to support world sustainability projects by creating cars that meet the current needs of modern drivers.
Advantages Over Traditional Technologies
Enhanced Efficiency
SkyActiv Technology's better fuel efficiency and lower emissions than conventional petrol and diesel engines help to lower running costs and environmental impact.
Improved Power-to-Weight Ratio
Using lightweight materials and efficient engine designs helps Mazda vehicles under SkyActiv Technology display increased performance and handling without compromising fuel efficiency.
Optimized Design
Advanced gearbox systems and aerodynamic advancements in SkyActiv Technology improve fuel economy and driving dynamics by minimizing drag and increasing general vehicle efficiency.
Innovative Engineering
Through creative vehicle design and manufacturing, Mazda ensures that SkyActiv Technology vehicles strike a balance between performance, efficiency, and environmental responsibility, transcending conventional automotive technologies in general value and sustainability.
SkyActiv Technology provides outstanding economy, performance, and environmental sustainability compared to traditional technologies, revolutionizing automotive engineering. Using advanced materials, the best engine designs, and inventive production procedures, Mazda continues to lead in creating vehicles that suit the needs of modern drivers while reducing their carbon impact and boosting driving pleasure.
Future Directions and Innovations
SkyActiv-X Evolution
Through ongoing research and development, Mazanda aims to strengthen its SkyActive-X engine technology and achieve even higher fuel efficiency and reduced emissions.
Electrification Efforts
Combining SkyActiv Technology with electric powertrains will help Mazda maximize sustainability and efficiency, extending its variety of electrified vehicles.
Advanced Materials Research
For forthcoming SkyActiv-Body and SkyActiv-Chassis designs, Mazda is looking at innovative lightweight materials and sustainable production techniques to maximize vehicle performance and environmental impact.
Connected and Autonomous Features
Future Mazda cars will use SkyActiv Technology to include sophisticated connection and autonomous driving technologies, enhancing the general driving experience, convenience, and safety.
While Mazda continues developing SkyActiv Technology, the focus remains on enhancing automobile engineering to meet global environmental problems and evolving customer demands. Embracing electrification, innovative materials, and intelligent technology will help Mazda rethink transportation by offering efficient, sustainable, technologically advanced, and pleasant vehicles.
Conclusion
Mazda's SkyActiv Technology blends environmental conscience with contemporary engineering. It's supposed to maximize fuel economy and reduce emissions without sacrificing performance or driving pleasure. By combining innovative engine designs, lightweight materials, and sophisticated chassis dynamics, Mazda promises that every car fitted with SkyActiv Technology offers a fantastic driving experience while lowering its environmental impact.
As Mazda keeps developing and enhancing its technology, the future presents even more possibilities for efficiency, sustainability, and technology integration, strengthening Mazda's will
to guide the path of automotive mobility responsibly.
FAQs
1. What is SkyActiv Technology?
Using innovative engine designs and lightweight construction, SkyActiv Technology Mazda's approach to enhancing vehicle performance and efficiency.
2. How does SkyActiv Technology improve fuel efficiency?
Maximizing combustion in engines like SkyActiv-G and SkyActiv-D lowers energy loss and emissions, increasing fuel efficiency.
3. What are the benefits of SkyActiv-Body and SkyActiv-Chassis?
Their lightweight yet strong vehicle architecture enhances performance, safety, fuel economy, and handling.
4. Why is SkyActiv Technology considered environmentally friendly?
Using creative engineering and materials helps to reduce pollution and protect fuel supplies.
5. Is SkyActiv Technology available in all Mazda models?
Indeed, Mazda incorporates SkyActiv Technology into every vehicle, resulting in better driving dynamics and efficiency.
Post Comment


can load and plot the species richness at different time-steps. Here, we will load them at the time-steps 40, 20 and 0 corresponding to 40, 20 and 0 Ma (1 time-step = 1 myr).
timesteps <- c(40, 20, 0)
par(mfrow = c(1, 3))
for (i in timesteps) {
 landscape_i <- readRDS(file.path(datapath, paste0("output/config_southamerica/landscapes/landscape_t_",
 i, ".rds")))
 species_i <- readRDS(file.path(datapath, paste0("output/config_southamerica/species/species_t_",
 i, ".rds")))
 plot_richness(species_i, landscape_i)
gen3sis also returns a summary object at the end of the simulation storing default summary statistics and important data over time. One of the default observer summaries is the species richness over time. NOTE You can also create your own observer function.
We can quickly visualize some main results using the plot_summary function. Here we stored the summary object (sgen3sis class) as sim.
There are a few visualization tools already included in the package, but you are free to explore and check the outputs with your favorite plotting functions and colors.
4. Analyze
Now that we have run the simulation, we are ready to perform some analysis to investigate the model behavior. Because we set a limit to the total abundances lower in colder and in more arid environments, we expect that the number of species that can co-exist also decreases in those environments. We will perform a few statistical analyses to investigate those patterns based on the species richness pattern that emerged at the end of the simulation. To do so, we first load the landscape and combine it with the simulated species richness.
landscapes <- readRDS(file.path(datapath, "landscape", "landscapes.rds")) _TAG_ the input landscape
landscape_t0 <- as.data.frame(cbind(landscapes$temp[, 1:2], temp = landscapes$temp[,
 3], arid = landscapes$arid[, 3], area = landscapes$area[, 3])) _TAG_ landscape at last time-step
landscape_t0 <- cbind(landscape_t0, rich = sim$summary$'richness-final'[, 3]) _TAG_ richness to the dataframe
landscape_t0 <- na.omit(landscape_t0)
Much is possible here, from looking at phylogenies to spatial correlations. For this introduction we will keep things simple and investigate the relationship between richness and environmental variables at the final time-step of the simulation. For this, we will fit two univariate models, where each explains the relationship between species richness and one of the environmental variables.
For this, we first fit a generalized linear model between richness and temperature.
glm.uni <- glm(rich ~ poly(temp, 2), data = landscape_t0, family = poisson)
cor(landscape_t0$temp, landscape_t0$rich)
#> [1] 0.588251
Second, we plot the response curve.
# prepare data with temperature and predicted richness from our model
data_plot <- data.frame(cbind(landscape_t0$temp, predict(glm.uni, type = "response")))
# sort data for plotting and ommit NA's
data_plot <- na.omit(data_plot[order(data_plot[, 1], decreasing = FALSE), ])
# get the number of observations
n <- paste0("observations (n = ", length(landscape_t0$rich), ")")
# plot model curve
plot(data_plot[, 1], data_plot[, 2], xlab = "Temperature [°C]", ylab = expression(paste(alpha,
 " richness")), frame.plot = F, type = "l", col = "red", lwd = 2, xlim = c(min(landscape_t0$temp),
 max(landscape_t0$temp)), ylim = c(min(landscape_t0$rich), max(landscape_t0$rich)))
# add observed points
points(landscape_t0$temp, landscape_t0$rich, col = rgb(0.5, 0.5, 0.5, alpha = 0.4),
 pch = 16)
# add legend
legend(-20, 30, col = c(rgb(0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0.4), "red"), legend = c(n, "model fit"),
 pch = c(16, NA), lty = c(NA, 1), lwd = c(NA, 2), bty = "n")
By looking at the model fit of the generalized linear model we can see that the relationship between the two variables is rather hump-shaped, indicating that species richness is highest at intermediate temperature levels. First the higher richness found above 10° is consistent with the ecological rule that we imposed. At higher temperature, we have a higher energy and capacity facilitating coexist. This is consistent with our model expectations. Moreover, we can observe a large spread of the points at high temperature. This is likely because high temperature regions frequently have high aridity. Thus we will next investigate the association of aridity and species richness by fitting a generalized linear model between richness and aridity.
The number of species is negatively related to aridity. The explained deviance of this relationship is D2=0.239. This relationship emerge because we set a lower carrying capacity in sites with higher level of aridity. Hence, the models behaves as expected from the configuration function.
Finally, we fit a multivariate model for explaining species richness by taking into account the two predictors together.
richness_model <- glm(rich ~ poly(temp, 2) + poly(arid, 2), family = "quasipoisson",
 data = landscape_t0)
#> Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
#> (Intercept) 2._PHONE_ 0.005433575 532.858090 0.000000e+00
#> poly(temp, 2)1 7._PHONE_ 0.361808498 19.431045 1.063461e-75
#> poly(temp, 2)2 -4._PHONE_ 0.370139268 -12.126295 1.916558e-32
#> poly(arid, 2)1 -4._PHONE_ 0.281971880 -17.015494 8.032991e-60
#> poly(arid, 2)2 0._PHONE_ 0.232571058 1.957465 5.046587e-02
Above, we report the explained deviance of the glm model on richness considering temperature and aridity. The explained deviance of this relationship is D2=0.426. This explained deviance will not be total since there are other effects including dispersal limitations, that are not considered in this statistical summary. It is important to consider that we have now only been analyzing the species richness at one time-step, namely the last one (0 Ma). The emerged patterns are more likely not only to be explained by the environmental conditions of that time but also dependent on historical conditions and multiple processes interactions tackled by gen3sis.
For more details on how to create a landscape and prepare it to use in gen3sis see design_landscape vignette and create_input_landscape vignette. For more details on how to create or modify a configuration object see create_config vignette. It's now up to you to explore the "virtual" world.
 1. O. Hagen, B. Flück, F. Fopp, J.S. Cabral, F. Hartig, M. Pontarp, T.F. Rangel, L. Pellissier. (2020). GENƎSIS: the GENeral Engine for Eco-Evolutionary SImulationS on the origins of biodiversity. (in review)↩


This course is for women who want to learn the Aroma Freedom Technique (AFT) for self-guided sessions and personal growth. Anyone can learn AFT!
Using this training, you'll be able to practice the Aroma Freedom Technique on your own, whenever you need it!
You'll gain vital skills to discover, process, and resolve difficult emotional blocks, so you can finally move forward in freedom.
What the Aroma Freedom Technique is and why it works
What women can learn from the moon about trauma, emotional health, and empowerment
Why you haven't been able to change your responses to certain triggers yet
LUNAR goal-setting for women who are daring to dream freely again
The Steps of the Aroma Freedom Technique and how to effectively apply each step
How to create an effective intention statement for your sessions
How to identify the specific lies you subconsciously still believe
Why holistic freedom involves more than just knowledge and cognitive awareness
How to listen to your emotions and understand what they're telling you
The difference between feeling words and judgment words – and why it matters
Why taking conscious thoughts captive is just the tip of the iceberg – and HOW to take subconscious thoughts captive
How essential oils work so effectively with the brain to calm and recalibrate the nervous system
How and when to use your essential oils throughout your AFT session to clear emotional blocks
Why you CAN and should trust your intuition, and how to tap into it
How to be transformed by the renewing of your mind
How to create and use a personalized affirmation that actually anchors you and changes your life
Step 1: Get Your Oils.
Need the AFT Oils?
When you get them here at a 24% discount!
you get the MOONBEAMS AFT Course for Women
*** If you already have an account with Young Living Essential Oils,
order the SIX oils pictured below through your account,
and skip to Step 2. ***
 Step 2: Got your AFT oils?
Enroll in MOONBEAMS.
In this course, women learn to use the Aroma Freedom Technique for self-guided sessions and personal growth.
We use specific essential oils and blends that work directly with the limbic brain to neutralize the emotional charge associated with distressing "triggers" held within the attached memory complex.
This simple, gentle technique brings profound personal breakthrough.
Emotional Resolution, Our Luminary Moon, & LUNAR Goals
AFT Set-up and Creating Your Intention Statement
Feeling Words & Trusting Your Intuition
Your Self-Guided AFT Session
Reflection & Revolution
+ Self-guided course, including video lessons & valuable downloadable tools
+ Access to the private MOONBEAMS Facebook group for sharing and support
+ TWO FREE Group AFT sessions over Zoom
with Rise & Shine Aroma Freedom for Empowered Women
(You will receive a coupon code after ordering your Bundle.)
Frequently Asked Questions
What will I need for my self-guided AFT sessions?
You'll need your AFT oils, a quiet space with no distractions, a pen, paper, and quite possibly tissues.
Can I use another brand of essential oils?
The Aroma Freedom Technique was carefully designed to work with Young Living Essential Oil blends that have been meticulously researched, tested, and intentionally formulated for specific emotional purposes. Unfortunately, we cannot use other oils or blends.
Which essential oils do I need for my self-guided AFT sessions?
You'll need Lavender or Lavender Vitality; Frankincense or Frankincense Vitality; Stress Away; Inner Child; Release; and Believe.
(Transformation or Valor may be used in place of Believe.)


text: The Dunsink Observatory is an astronomical observatory established in 1785 in what was then outside of Dublin by Trinity College Dublin. The site was selected for its elevated position and views over the surrounding landscape. At the time, Dublin was four miles away and Finglas was a small village, a perfectly dark location, far from the city lights, for star-watching. The design of Dunsink incorporated a number of novel ideas. The main telescope was mounted on a granite pier which is independent of the building that surrounds it. Circulation of air within the dome was intended to give sharper images of the stars. The observatory was restored in recent years. The telescope, then no longer state of the art, was used mainly for public 'open nights'.


text:
An integrated near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy prototype module for sugar content estimation of apples is presented. Since this is the first attempt to design an integrated NIR spectroscopy module, we followed the design process as follows. First, we estimated the sugar content of apples using a tungsten halogen light source and a 700 nm–1000 nm NIR spectrometer with a 10 nm wavelength resolution and a 16b analog-to-digital converter (ADC) resolution. Second, we determined the most effective wavelengths among 31 evenly distributed wavelengths while observing the correlation coefficient, R2
, and then we reduced the ADC resolution 1b by 1b starting from 16b while also observing the R2
. Lastly, we designed an integrated NIR spectroscopy module with the selected eight wavelengths and a 13 ADC resolution. The module implemented in a 0.18 μm 1P6M CMOS process occupies a die area of 0.84 mm2
. By utilizing this module with eight off-chip light emitting diodes (LED) and one photo diode (PD), the measured R2
and the standard error of calibration (SEC) were 0.365 and 0.686 brix, respectively.
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License
which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.


text:
"Mind the gap", progress towards developing anti-fraud culture strategies in UK central government bodies
Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
Purpose – There is increasing guidance for public bodies on the appropriate counter fraud strategies to pursue. One area covered is anti-fraud culture strategies. Building upon the work of the UK Government's HM Treasury, the purpose of this paper is to assess the extent and quality of anti-fraud culture strategies in UK central government bodies. Design/methodology/approach – Based upon analysis of HM Treasury survey data as well as a survey undertaken by the authors. Findings – The paper shows that the quantitative data from HM Treasury surveys when compared to the qualitative data also drawn from the authors survey highlights significant numbers of central public bodies with limited anti-fraud culture strategies. Research limitations/implications – Some of the responses on screening strategies used by central government bodies varied in the detail offered in response to the authors' survey. Originality/value – Provides much greater depth to the strategies utilised by central government bodies to develop an anti-fraud culture.
|Number of pages||16|
|Journal||Journal of Financial Crime|
|Publication status||Published - 2009|


Hi, welcome back,
When using System.Security.Cryptography.Xml.XmlDsigC14NTransform, depending on the input type (XmlDsigC14NTransform.InputTypes) being passed to its LoadInput method, the result of its GetOutput method could be different:
- If we pass a Stream to XmlDsigC14NTransform, it will normalize line feeds from 0xd 0xa ("\r\n") to 0xa ("\n") before canonicalization. After canonicalization, we will only see 0xa chars ("\n") in the Output as expected.
- If we pass an XmlNodeList or XmlDocument to XmlDsigC14NTransform, line feeds won't be normalized before canonicalization. After canonicalization, 0xd 0xa ("\r\n") will appear in the Output as 0x26 0x0b 0x78 0x44 0x3b 0x0a ("
\n"). Canonicalization will convert all 0xd bytes to "
" string as documented in C14N standard.
The following sample converts an XmlNodeList to a Stream, so we can get the same behavior than with a Stream:

<SAMPLE>
XmlNodeList xmlNodes = ...
// Convert XmlNodeList to Stream, so XmlDsigC14NTransform is able to normalize input
MemoryStream memStream = new MemoryStream();
byte[] bytes = new UTF8Encoding().GetBytes(xmlNodes[0].OuterXml);
memStream.Write(bytes, 0, bytes.Length);
memStream.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin);
// Normalize & Canonicalize
XmlDsigC14NTransform t2 = new XmlDsigC14NTransform();
t2.LoadInput(memStream);
</SAMPLE>

I hope this helps.
Cheers,

Alex (Alejandro Campos Magencio)


text:
1. What does rate enhancement means?
2. Describe the energetic of catalysis in simplest terms?
3. How do enzymes affect forward and reverse reaction rate & what does this means?
1. What does rate enhancement means? (in simplest term and in detail please )
Rate enhancement refers to increasing rate of given reaction by some means like changing physical conditions(temperature, pressure, concentration etc) or by adding...
The solution defines and explains rate enhancement, energetic of catalysis, and forward and reverse reactions in the context of enzymes.


text:
Past and future editions of 'Local Authority Measures for National Indicators supported by the Tellus4 Survey'
Page 1 of 1 | 1 results
Release date: 04 February 2010 at
Theme: Children, Education and Skills | Department: Education | Coverage: England
Geographic breakdown: Local Authority and County
| Designation: Official Statistics not designated as National Statistics
Summary: Five National Indicators (NIs) are derived from data produced by the Tellus4 Survey. Statistics produced from the data are used to measure the following performance indicators: NI 50: Emotional health and well-being - children and young people user perception, NI 69: Percentage of children who have experienced bullying, NI 110: More participation in positive activities, NI 115: Reduce the proportion of young people frequently using illicit drugs, alcohol or volatile substances, NI 199: Satisfaction with parks and play areas.


text:
Hundreds of municipalities and two Brazilian states have already enacted laws that ban fracking from their territories. Now lawmakers are debating the impact of fracking across the country, raising hopes for a national ban
It's taken 6 years of movement-building and working in coalitions to support fracking bans – often one municipality at a time – but today it's official: the entire state of Paraná in Brazil has agreed to keep its massive shale reserves in the ground, forever.
People who are leading the defence of Mother Earth: protecting ecosystems, the commons, and fighting to keep fossil fuels in the ground, come up against brutal vested interests. The Escazú Agreement is a ground breaking multilateral agreement signed by 16 Latin America and Caribbean nations that will be a crucial tool for climate and environmental protection in the years to come.
During the auction for oil and gas, climate activists from across Brazil stood up against fossil fuel and fracking companies. After the intervention, not a single offer was made by investors for the in-land blocks


text:
Results of the 2007/8 Hong Kong Sustainable Development Index Survey (HKSDI Survey) produced by City University of Hong Kong (CityU) in conjunction with the Canadian Chamber of Commerce in Hong Kong were released on 20 November.
The findings of the survey reveal that environmental protection ranks alongside the education system as Hong Kong's top sustainable development priority. Among the issues of top concern are clean air, quality of teaching and the related issue of student-teacher ratio.
Launched in 2003, the Hong Kong Sustainable Development Index measures progress on 10 key economic, environmental and social priorities that have been identified as important for furthering the territory's sustainable development.
For 2007/8, the Index rose to a new high of 103.6, compared to 102.6 in 2006 and a baseline of 100 in 2003. The survey results indicate that the general public sees some overall progress being made toward Hong Kong's sustainable development goals.
While the education system has been identified as a top priority in every HKSDI Survey since 2003, the importance placed by the public on environmental protection rose significantly in 2007/8 to rank alongside the education system as a top priority. However, its performance rating fell from fourth in 2003 to ninth in 2007/8, resulting in the largest "satisfaction gap" among the sustainable development priorities tracked by the HKSDI Survey. (Click here for key findings)
"The satisfaction gap in nine of the 10 priorities decreased in 2007/8, resulting in an overall increase in the HKSDI," explained Professor Graeme Lang, convener of the Canadian Chamber of Commerce's Sustainable Development Index sub-committee and Head of CityU's Department of Asian and International Studies. The Index is, however, anticipated to decrease as a result of the deteriorating economy.
"Pursuing a sustainable quality of life should be the central objective of every society, but it is difficult to get a clear picture of where improvement is needed most unless you measure public perception of the issues," said Dr Geoffrey Tso Kwok-fai, Associate Professor, Department of Management Sciences of CityU. "Our survey is unique in providing a large-scale measure of public perception of the top priorities for sustainable development in Asia's world city. We randomly selected more than 2,000 Cantonese-speaking adults – forming a representative sample of the Hong Kong community – and interviewed them each for at least 20 minutes to generate this year's findings."
"These results enable us to assess the importance the community attaches to multiple facets of sustainable development and to track perceived progress in managing these areas, especially when viewed as a five-year series," said Professor Lang.


text:
The word envelope is derived from the French word enveloppe (from envelopper, which means to envelop).
There are a number of difficulties in spelling this tricky word. Native French speakers often struggle with envelope in English because it has one p rather than two. But even native English speakers can have trouble: namely, understanding when to use envelope and when to use envelop.
Envelope (with an e, pronounced Ehn-vuh-LOPE or Ahn-vuh-LOPE) is a noun meaning a wrapper or enclosure. When applied to aircraft or other technology, it means a set of accepted performance limits. This is where we get the phrase "pushing the envelope."
The explorers were excited when the new spacecraft was completed. They hoped to push the envelope of space exploration during their upcoming voyage.
Envelop (without the e, pronounced ehn-VEH-lup) is a verb meaning to completely enclose or surround something. Like many other verbs, -ed is added to the end when it is used in the past tense (enveloped).
The black velvet night enveloped the explorers' spacecraft as they sped away from the Earth to a faraway galaxy.
For several years, Earth heard nothing from the brave pioneers. The head of the Space Exploration Agency felt as if he were enveloped in despair. His daughter had insisted on joining the outbound team, and now she was lost to him. He wondered why he even bothered to come in to the office any more.
Then one day he walked in and discovered a strangely glowing envelope on his desk. He carefully opened it up and read the words, "We made it, Dad!"
There was a blaze of warm light, and he felt his daughter's arms envelop him in an enormous hug.
Bonus Word: Endeavour
Endeavour is another tricky word to spell.
Endeavour is also tricky because the ending is spelled -our in British English and -or in American English. Even NASA had trouble getting this one sorted out.
Which spelling do you prefer, endeavor or endeavour? And where will you go exploring today?
Picture of space shuttle Endeavour from NASA
Stay tuned for tomorrow's post, where I will flatten the formidable letter F…
© Sue Archer and Doorway Between Worlds, 2015


My first function
Hi there!
I've been trying to code my first function with no succes and i think that the solution might be in front of me.
This is a simplificcation of my data
Ticker metric1 metric2 metric3
HD 1 3 4
WMT 6 8 2
NVDA 1 2 3
I would like to make a list of every "Ticker" and thieir possible values, like this.
HD 1
HD 3
HD 4
To do so, i created my first function but when i try to rbind the information i dont have dataframes, only a list of items and i can work with it.
metrica <- function(x) {
 x <- yahoo %>% select('Ticker','metric'=x+1)
n <- length(colnames(yahoo))-1
total <- rbind(lapply(1:n,metrica))
Why is it displayed as a list? There is something wrong with my code?
Thank you!
I am not exactly sure what the end result is you are trying to get to, so it is hard for to manipulate your data to get there.
Your function results is a tibble. When you called lapply, the tibbles were placed into a list objects. You then called rbind, which bound the lists together.
If all you want is to gather all the metric values into a single column, a gather should be sufficient. The following code will do the job. The last line will delete what were the column names, to make it more similar to your desired results.
yahoo %>%
 key = "metric",
 value = "val") %>%
Created on 2020-05-30 by the reprex package (v0.3.0)
1 Like
I fully support using an existing function to do this if the outcome is all that matters. If the goal is to learn about function, then I suggest modifying the function as follows.
yahoo <- data.frame(Ticker = c("HD", "WMT", "NVDA"),
 metric1 = c(1,6,1), metric2 = c(3,8,2), metric3 = c(4,2,3))
metrica <- function(x) {
 yahoo %>% select(1, Value = x + 1)
n <- length(colnames(yahoo))-1
total <- bind_rows(lapply(1:n,metrica))
#> Ticker Value
#> 1 HD 1
#> 2 WMT 6
#> 3 NVDA 1
#> 4 HD 3
#> 5 WMT 8
#> 6 NVDA 2
#> 7 HD 4
#> 8 WMT 2
#> 9 NVDA 3
What you were trying to do inside the select() function by setting'metric' = x + 1 will not work. It is easier to just use the numeric positions of the desired columns. I did use the select() function to rename the second selected column, so the data frames would all have the same column names and could be bound together.
Thank you, FJCC. I did not know about gather, so i will use that instead of my function.
I will have in mind your corrections, in order to be better in my next function.
Thank you for your time!!
Thank you! I did not know about gather function, and it was all that i needed. You saved me a lot of time!
Thank you!


Take the 2-minute tour ×
Why does this line in a ResourceDictionary not result in a compile-error?
 SomePath
My understanding was that this would result in an instance of ImageSource being created using the default ctor. This would be followed by setting all the specified properties.
However ImageSource is an abstract class - so why doesn't this result in a compile error?
share|improve this question
Great question, look forward to someone answering this. – Blounty Nov 7 '10 at 7:26
I don't know the answer, but my guess is that the resource manager knows the concrete type of each resource. It creates an instance of the resource specified and only if it did not derive from ImageSource would a run-time exception occur. – Tergiver Nov 7 '10 at 7:29
1 Answer 1
up vote 3 down vote accepted
Try this bit of XAML:
BlogHeader.jpg

It compiles just fine, but when you run it you get a runtime XamlParseException:
Cannot convert the value in attribute 'Source' to object of type 'System.Windows.Media.ImageSource'.
If you try using a simple type instead of Window, for example:
public class SomeType
You will get a compile-time error:
The Element type 'WpfApplication1.SomeClass' does not have an associated TypeConverter to parse the string 'BlogHeader.jpg'
So the answer lies in the TypeConverter provided by ImageSource which is ImageSourceConverter. The magic happens in ImageSourceConverter.ConvertFrom which takes a string, creates an Uri from it, and uses BitmapFrame.Create to create a BitmapFrame which is derived from ImageSource.
Note that I used Window in the first example only to use a type that provides a type converter from a string.
share|improve this answer
TypeConverters are used to convert a string representation of a value to the specific type required by a property. The above explanation accounts for the Image.Source property... My question was about the ImageSource tag - i.e. creating an instance of an abstract class (to be stored as a resource) - how is it able to create an instance of an ImageSource so that it can proceed with setting the specified properties? – Gishu Nov 8 '10 at 8:27
It does explain it. The Image.Source propery is only there to make sure it gets instantiated. It's gets created through ImageSourceConverter.ConvertFrom just as I explained. I'm not making it up, I followed the source trail. – Tergiver Nov 8 '10 at 13:41
Btw, I provided the two examples and their exception/error messages only to show the path that led me to discovering how it worked. I don't think that is clear in the text. – Tergiver Nov 8 '10 at 15:41
_USER_: Tergiver is correct. TypeConverters can be associated with classes and properties, if there is a type converter associated with an abstract class and the parser encounters the type in XAML that type converter will be used to create a concrete instance. – H.B. Jan 29 '12 at 5:44
Your Answer


text:
In the eighteenth-century it was believed that drinking and bathing in mineral water could cure many ailments. Buxton's thermal waters were known to the Romans. They built baths at Buxton, then known as Aquae Arnemetiae, a name meaning the springs at the sacred grove of the goddess Arnemetiae (a Celtic Goddess).
When the baths in the Crescent, the centrepiece of Georgian Buxton comprising two hotels, lodging houses, thermal baths and an assembly room, were renovated in 1975 builders found 232 Roman coins, 3 bronze bracelets and a wire clasp. These suggests that offerings were made here by the Romans to the Goddess Arnemetiae. These objects are now on display at Buxton Museum and Art Gallery.
Coins date from the time of Marcus Aurelias, Antoninus Pius, Sabina (Hadrian's wife).


Ténéré Tree
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
 (Redirected from Arbre du Ténéré)
Jump to: navigation, search
Coordinates: 17°45′00″N 10°04′00″E / 17.75000°N 10.06667°E / 17.75000; 10.06667
Tree of Ténéré (1961)
The Ténéré Tree (French: L'Arbre du Ténéré) was a solitary acacia, of either Acacia raddiana[1] or Acacia tortilis,[2] that was once considered the most isolated tree on Earth[3]—the only one for over 400 kilometres (250 mi). It was a landmark on caravan routes through the Ténéré region of the Sahara Desert in northeast Niger, so well known that it and the Arbre Perdu or 'Lost Tree' to the north are the only trees to be shown on a map at a scale of 1:4,000,000. The Tree of Ténéré was located near a 40-metre (131 feet)-deep well. It was knocked down in 1973, supposedly by an apparently drunk truck driver.
Commander of the Allied Military Mission, Michel Lesourd, of the Service central des affaires sahariennes [Central service of Saharan affairs], saw the tree on May 21, 1939:
Death and replacement[edit]
Metal sculpture of the tree (1985)
The Tree of Ténéré was knocked down by an allegedly drunk Libyan truck driver in 1973. On November 8, 1973, the dead tree was moved to the Niger National Museum in the capital Niamey.[4]
In popular culture[edit]
The sculpture representing the Tree of Ténéré and the Tree's story feature prominently in the 2006 film La Gran final (The Great Match). In the film, a group of Tuareg nomads in the Sahara races to find a power supply and broadcast reception for their television in time to watch the 2002 FIFA World Cup Final between Germany and Brazil, eventually using the tree sculpture as a makeshift antenna.
See also[edit]
 1. ^ Riedacker, A. (1993). Physiologie des arbres et arbustes en zones arides et semi-arides: séminaire, Paris-Nancy, 20 mars-6 avril 1990 (in French). John Libbey Eurotext. p. 406. ISBN 2-7420-0019-4. Retrieved 2009-08-11. L'Hote (1961) note dans son article sur l'arbre du Ténéré (Acacia raddiana) que l'on aurait retrouvé ses racines à 30 métres de profondeur.
 2. ^ Le Roy, Robert (1998). Méhariste au Niger: souvenirs sahariens (in French). Karthala Editions. p. 108. ISBN 2-86537-778-4. Retrieved 2009-08-11. It avait fallu à cet acacia tortilis une belle vigueur et une fameuse chance pour subsister là, seul, jusqu'à élever son feuillage hors de portée des gazelles.
 3. ^ Wagensonner, Eric (2007-01-15). "Eastern Mali to Niger to Timbuktu - 2-19 September 06". Border-Crossings. Retrieved 2009-08-11.
 4. ^ a b c L'Arbre du Ténéré, Part 2
External links[edit]


Hubspot Connector for C#
In this article you will learn how to integrate Hubspot data in C# (live / bi-directional connection to Hubspot). Hubpost Connector can be used to integrate Hubspot and your data source, e.g. Microsoft SQL Server, Oracle, Excel, Power BI, etc. Get, write, delete Hubspot data in a few clicks!.
Using Hubspot Connector you will be able to connect, read, and write data from within C#. Follow the steps below to see how we would accomplish that.
Download Documentation
Create ODBC Data Source (DSN) based on ZappySys API Driver
Step-by-step instructions
To get data from Hubspot using C# we first need to create a DSN (Data Source) which will access data from Hubspot. We will later be able to read data using C#. Perform these steps:
 1. Install ZappySys ODBC PowerPack.
 2. Open ODBC Data Sources (x64):
 Open ODBC Data Source
 3. Create a User Data Source (User DSN) based on ZappySys API Driver
 ZappySys API Driver
 Create new User DSN for ZappySys API Driver
 You should create a System DSN (instead of a User DSN) if the client application is launched under a Windows System Account, e.g. as a Windows Service. If the client application is 32-bit (x86) running with a System DSN, use ODBC Data Sources (32-bit) instead of the 64-bit version.
 4. When the Configuration window appears give your data source a name if you haven't done that already, then select "Hubspot" from the list of Popular Connectors. If "Hubspot" is not present in the list, then click "Search Online" and download it. Then set the path to the location where you downloaded it. Finally, click Continue >> to proceed with configuring the DSN:
 HubspotDSN
 Hubspot
 ODBC DSN Template Selection
 5. Now it's time to configure the Connection Manager. Select Authentication Type, e.g. Token Authentication. Then select API Base URL (in most cases, the default one is the right one). More info is available in the Authentication section.
 Authenticate using static AccessToken (Private App) to access specific account. Follow 3 simple steps. 1) Create an App, 2) select permissions and 3) get Token and use on this UI. For more information on how to obtain AccessToken visit _URL_ [API Help..]
 Steps to get Hubspot Credentials
 Just follow this link on how to get an PrivateApp Access Token. Once you obtain it, paste it into AccessToken parameter: _URL_
 Fill in all required parameters and set optional parameters if needed:
 HubspotDSN
 Hubspot
 Private App (Static Access Token) [Http]
 _URL_
 Required Parameters
 AccessToken Fill in the parameter...
 Optional Parameters
 RetryMode Fill in the parameter...
 RetryStatusCodeList Fill in the parameter...
 RetryCountMax Fill in the parameter...
 RetryMultiplyWaitTime Fill in the parameter...
 ODBC DSN HTTP Connection Configuration
 OAuth App must be created in HubSpot website. These settings typically found here _URL_ [API Help..]
 Steps to get Hubspot Credentials
 Just follow this link on how to create an API app: _URL_ On the App Scopes section make sure to select following scopes in order to access all features of this driver. You can choose more or less but keep in mind to select same or less number of scopes on Driver UI (Scopes Property) else it will not authorize the request. If you need File Upload feature then choose files scope.
 Your selected scopes when registering your app must match the scopes you enter here on the connector screen. You cannot request less or more scopes for now (it may change in future). If they don't match, the connector will not be able to work with your HubSpot account!

 accounting
 tickets
 files
 ------------------
 crm.lists.read
 crm.lists.write
 ------------------
 crm.objects.contacts.read
 crm.objects.contacts.write
 crm.schemas.contacts.read
 ------------------
 crm.objects.custom.read
 crm.objects.custom.write
 crm.schemas.custom.read
 ------------------
 crm.objects.companies.read
 crm.objects.companies.write
 crm.schemas.companies.read
 ------------------
 crm.objects.deals.read
 crm.objects.deals.write
 crm.schemas.deals.read
 ------------------
 crm.objects.quotes.read
 crm.objects.quotes.write
 crm.schemas.quotes.read
 ------------------
 crm.objects.line_items.read
 crm.objects.line_items.write
 crm.schemas.line_items.read

 you can add more... but must select same number of scopes in the connection screen too (Scopes Parameter)

 Fill in all required parameters and set optional parameters if needed:
 HubspotDSN
 Hubspot
 User Credentials (3-Legged) [OAuth]
 _URL_
 Required Parameters
 UseCustomApp Fill in the parameter...
 Scope (Must Match with App Scopes) Fill in the parameter...
 Optional Parameters
 Client ID Fill in the parameter...
 Client Secret Fill in the parameter...
 ReturnUrl Fill in the parameter...
 RetryMode Fill in the parameter...
 RetryStatusCodeList Fill in the parameter...
 RetryCountMax Fill in the parameter...
 RetryMultiplyWaitTime Fill in the parameter...
 ODBC DSN Oauth Connection Configuration
 Authenticate using Static API Key instead of userid / password. It can be found at _URL_ [API Help..]
 Steps to get Hubspot Credentials
 Just follow this link on how to get an API key. Once you obtain it, paste it into ApiKey parameter: _URL_
 Fill in all required parameters and set optional parameters if needed:
 HubspotDSN
 Hubspot
 API Key in URL (Deprecated) [Http]
 _URL_
 Required Parameters
 ApiKey Fill in the parameter...
 Optional Parameters
 RetryMode Fill in the parameter...
 RetryStatusCodeList Fill in the parameter...
 RetryCountMax Fill in the parameter...
 RetryMultiplyWaitTime Fill in the parameter...
 ODBC DSN HTTP Connection Configuration
 6. Once the data source has been configured, you can preview data. Select the Preview tab and use settings similar to the following to preview data:
 ODBC ZappySys Data Source Preview
 7. Click OK to finish creating the data source.
Video instructions
Read data in C# from the DSN
 1. Create a new Console project and use this code to read the data:
 "HubspotDSN";
 Make ZappySys Driver call in c#
 2. Press F5 to run the code and read the data:
 ZappySys Driver Output in c#
 3. Here is the code in text format:
 using System;
 using System.Data.Odbc;

 namespace ConsoleApp {
 class Program {
 static void Main() {
 var dsn = "HubspotDSN";
 using (var conn = new OdbcConnection(String.Format("DSN={0}", dsn)))
 {
 conn.Open();
 var cmd = new OdbcCommand("SELECT * FROM Products", conn);

 //Increase the timeout duration from the default 30 seconds, which may be insufficient in certain scenarios
 cmd.CommandTimeout=600; // 600-Seconds

 var rdr = cmd.ExecuteReader();
 while (rdr.Read())
 {
 for (int i = 0; i < rdr.FieldCount; i++)
 {
 Console.Write("{0}\t", rdr[i]);
 }
 Console.WriteLine();
 }
 }
 Console.ReadKey();
 }
 }
 }

 4. If you want to avoid being dependent on a DSN and creating multiple DSNs for each platform (x86, x64), then you can use a fully qualified connection string. Simply go to your DSN and copy the Connection String . Then in your C# code, pass the connection string as an argument when calling the OdbcConnection object's constructor, for example:

 var connectionString = "DRIVER={ZappySys API Driver};ServiceUrl=_URL_

 using


insert derived values (W, Gh/J, etc.) where sufficient values are given.
If more than one structure is provided, each will be included in the template separately up to a maximum of 4. This allows for minimum and maximum power consumption figures, and minimum and maximum hash rates (if not coinciding with the power consumption figures). Further values, e.g. to demonstrate non-linearity, are outside the scope of this template and should ideally be noted in a chip's datasheet.
Important: If you do not have exact figures but have values from which to roughly calculate them, such as from a complete miner's specification, you can enter a mathematical expression. For example, if you know that a miner is advertised as being 800Ghash/s, and a picture tells you that it has 12 chips, you can use mining=800/12 and the template will calculate the hash rate. The main reason for entering these values directly has to do with sourcing, such that others can verify the values entered. In this example, a hash rate of 66.67 is unlikely to be found through a search or through checking sources. Similarly, if only a miner's (800Ghash/s) at-the-wall power consumption (400Watt) and the power supply's efficiency (83%) is known, you can use mining=800/12:400/12*0.83
optional comma separated list of up to four mining structures
syntax: mining=Gh:J,V:Hz
example (no suffixes): mining=200:0.82,0.78:175
example (suffixes for clarity) mining=200Gh:0.82J,0.78V:175Hz
die Technical data about the chip die itself.
optional multiple value parameter
Note: The Gh/mm² and η-factor values are automatically derived from the die size and node process sizes if the hash rate is also known.
syntax: die=foundry,node,topology,size
example: die=TSMC,28nm,full custom,3.5x3.5
die.foundry The foundry that produced the chip wafers. Typically this will be one of TSMC, Global Foundries, UMC, or SMIC, but there are other foundries especially for older node sizes.
optional string
die.node Node size. This should be specified in nanometers (nm) and may include the 'nm' suffix for clarity. Sizes should not be specified in µm.
optional string
die.topology The topology of the chip. This can be difficult to ascertain as many manufacturers won't say, or rely on multiple technologies. This value will typically be one of hard copy, full custom or gate array. hard copy generally refers to an FPGA design that was turned into an ASIC by path of least resistance; letting software solve it. full custom may include a custom designed core but with placing and routing automated.
optional string
die.size Physical size of the die, expressed in millimeters length'xwidth and may include the 'mm' suffix for clarity, e.g. 4x4mm
optional dimensions string
package Details of the package used for the chip.
optional multiple value parameter
syntax: package=type,size,markings
example: package=QFN,8x8mm,BTC2000 / [date code] / [lot #]
package.type The package type and pin count used for the chip. This will typically be one of QFN, BGA or FCBGA, followed by the number of pins. The number of pins on some packages can be difficult to determine. For example, a BGA may consist of 32 rows and 32 columns, but have its corner pins removed, or the shadow area under the die may not have any pins at all. When the pin count varies wildly from what a simple rows * columns calculation would provide, use the rows * columns calculation, append an asterisk (in this example, BGA1024*, and if possible supply media showing the pins on the chip more clearly in the pics parameter if not already specified.
optional string
package.size Physical size of the package's board presence without any leads - i.e. just the dimensions of the (plastic / ceramic) package - expressed in millimeters length'xwidth and may include the 'mm' suffix for clarity, e.g. 9x9mm
optional dimensions string
package.markings Plaintext transcription of the markings on the package, excluding pin 1 indication markers. New lines should be substituted by / (space before and after the slash character).
Bare packages should have their markings specified as 'none'.
If the markings include a logo, the logo may simply be described as company logo or device logo, though in the case of logos that incorporate text this text should be noted.
Special markings may be indicated by place holders, e.g. [lot #] and [date code].
optional string
datecodes A list of date codes found in the wild. Date codes can help establish manufacturing runs. Typical date codes exist of a week number and a year, both as two digits, together. However, more complex date codes exist and if in use may not be easy to decipher without a datasheet.
optional comma separated list of strings
syntax: datecodes=code1,code2,...
example: 3913,4013,4113
warning A warning state, where applicable. The only three warning states currently recognized are:
needinfo: Inserts a text noting that more information on this chip is desired.
vaporware: Inserts a text noting that the chip may not actually exist.
scam: Inserts a text noting that the chip is the subject of a scam accusation.
These warnings should not be used lightly. Lack of information on a chip does not necessarily imply a scam, and should instead be set to needinfo. When there are strong indications that the chip simply doesn't exist vaporware is an appropriate state. Only when there are strong scam accusations should the scam state be used. If it is known that a chip never reached production because it was canceled, use the canceled state.
There are no 'warnings' for chips that are legitimate, currently available or currently under production. Simply leave out this parameter, and no warning will be inserted.
Important: If set, further information must be provided in the notes parameter. optional needinfo|vaporware|scam
syntax: warning=needinfo|vaporware|scam
example: warning=vaporware
notes Any additional notes that should be added. This may include trivia (back story behind a name, for example), specifications not yet addressed in the template, or anything else you feel may be of interest.
optional string
syntax: notes=arbitrary string
example: notes=The Blockerator 2000 doesn't actually exist.
miners A (non-exhaustive) list of miners that use this particular chip. These miners may be [wiki linked] or plain linked if there is information on the particular miner available. However, this should absolutely not be used to refer to miners that do not (yet) exist. As with the entirety of the wiki, it is not advertising space.
optional list of comma separated strings
syntax: miners=miner1,miner2,...
example: miners=Blockerator 2K,Blockerator2K1
sources A list of sources. In order to prevent a link cloud or link clutter, while acknowledging the need to prevent [citation needed], this parameter should be used to list your sources. Anybody interested in checking where information came from can then put in the small effort to find it.
Note: If you are uploading media, consider putting the source citation in the media's description instead, and make sure to choose an appropriate license. For company logos this is usually because it will be a wordmark, simple geometric shapes argument, or just 'fair use' based on being illustrative. The latter argument also tends to apply to chip shots. However, if you can provide your own original photos, that would be preferred.
optional list of comma separated source citations.
syntax: sources=data1<ref>source1</ref>,data2 & data 3<ref>source2&3</ref>,...
example: sources=all the things: thin air (original research)
showsources Adds the citations below the template output. If the page has a <references /> tag, they will then be listed there.
optional boolean 0|1
syntax: showsources=0|1
example: showsources=1
References


text:
Two professors at the University of Maine in Orono are working on breeding new potato varieties. Professor of crop ecology and management in the School of Food and Agriculture, Dr. Greg Porter, and assistant professor of plant genetics with the School of Biology and Ecology Dr. Han Tan are researching how to make more varieties using a new, DNA-based tool.
The new DNA-based tool will hopefully help develop new potato varieties quicker. Progress could be made in five to six years, half the time currently needed. The goal of the project is to generate DNA-based marker data and combine their normal data from the field, apply that information using computer-based models, and do predictions on what the best parent plants are to speed the development of new potato varieties.
Potatonewstoday.com reports that, over the course of the project, the researchers will analyze 600 potato varieties.


What's Your Earliest Memory of Using a Computer?S
We all use computers every day, but at some moment in each of our lives, there was that first meeting. A first interface, if you will. You might not remember the real first time you used a computer, but there's got to be one shining gem of nostalgia that sticks out in your mind. What is it? When you look back on it now, is it laughable or just plain awesome? What was your first time like?
Image by Fer Gregory/Shutterstock


text:
Mystic — Yellow Pink has always been an inconsistent molter.
But last summer, when the 14-year-old male African penguin shed his waterproof feathers, they never grew back.
That's when penguin trainers at Mystic Aquarium began to worry that Yellow Pink would get cold in the 65-degree water of the exhibit where he and the other penguins swim.
So they fashioned him a 3 mm wet suit out of a piece of an old diving wet suit, with openings for his flippers and a Velcro closure. The suit now allows Yellow Pink to go in the water without getting chilled.
"He's done really well with it. It hasn't affected his swimming or movement," said assistant trainer Josh Davis Friday afternoon, as Yellow Pink stood still while Davis put his wings through the two holes and secured the Velcro closure. He then began to waddle around.
Yellow Pink — aquarium penguins are named after the identifying beads they wear — did not go swimming Friday, as all the aquarium's penguins are kept inside when the air temperature drops below 26 degrees. The penguins are native to the more temperate climate of South Africa, not Antarctica.
Yellow Pink is the first penguin at the aquarium to experiencee "premature feather loss," a rare condition that Davis said few other aquariums have experienced.
In 2007, a children's book called "Pierre the Penguin" was published about an African penguin at the California Academy of Sciences in San Francisco who had the same problem. He would not swim because of the cold and was shunned by his fellow penguins. When he began wearing a wet suit, he was accepted back into the group.
Davis said Yellow Pink will continue to wear his wet suit until he grows new feathers, though it is not clear when that will happen.
According to the aquarium, the penguins' dense coat of 70 feathers per square inch are coated with an oil they produce from a gland near the base of their tail.
Davis said that underneath the feathers, the penguins have a layer of gray downy feathers that keep them warm. In Yellow Pink's case, the gray feathers are now exposed and get wet.
"It's sort of like wearing a wet fleece," he said.
The wet suit, though, traps a thin layer of water against the penguin's body, which is then heated by the bird's body temperature.
Davis said the trainers know the wet suit is working because when they remove it from Yellow Pink, warm water runs off it.
He said that even though the wet suit makes Yellow Pink more buoyant, it has not affected his ability to swim and dive, which visitors to the exhibit can watch.


Quick Links
Your finances
McGill's Scholarships and Student Aid Office (SSAO) shares the concerns of students who worry about managing their finances successfully over the course of their degree. That's why SSAO has worked directly with students for students to create The Frugal Scholar Program - a comprehensive program designed to help you budget effectively and graduate with manageable debt.
The steps
Each page in this section represents an important step in the Frugal Scholar path to financial wellness. Start with Estimating your resources and follow along and find the peace of mind that a realistic plan will bring!
Already have a budget built? Cash in on $ tips to stay on track, or Manage your debt for instructions on how to repay loans and avoid common debt regrets.
The tools
 - The Frugal Scholar Toolkit is a set of budget worksheets developed by SSAO and students like you to help you understand your costs and live for less! Throughout this section you will find instructions on how to use the Toolkit.
 - The Frugal Scholar Toolkit Guide is a condensed, printable version of these instructions.
Need more help?
If you've completed the steps in this section and are still struggling to build or stick to your budget, we invite you to schedule a Budget & Debt Management appointment with one of our Financial Aid Counselors. In order to do this, you'll need to complete - as best you can - your Financial Profile in Minerva to identify your costs, resources and debt for the current year. This will help inform our counselors and ensure you get the right advice for your specific situation.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
I would like to draw a 3D carpet plot with Python Pylab or matplotlib. I explain what I mean with carpet plot:
I have points on a X,Y meshgrid. This points have an elevation attached to them, but also an integer from a finite set. A common 3D plot makes it possible to vizualize relief. Elevation is along Z, we can vizualize elevation for a points determined by its coordinates X,Y along Z-axis. Alternatively, I draw heatmaps for elevation. It is a 2D plot, each pixel determined by X,Y has a color that is a function of altitude, red for apex and blue for bottom. I do some clustering on these data, and after clustering, I have, for each pixel, two information: elevation and a label (integer). I can draw a 2D map with each pixel colored with its label, and this gives me the clustering results.
Now, I would like to plot both information on same 3D graph. Z coordinate should be elevation, and the point on surface should be colored with its "cluster color". This is what I call the 3D carpet plot (if term does not sound correct, please tell me).
share|improve this question
1 Answer 1
up vote 2 down vote accepted
Your "cluster color" is some set of conditions on the X,Y,Z values of your grid. If you can make these a mask (of True/False values) it is simple to map a color onto them. I've given an example of an arbitrary set of conditions, which you can adapt to your needs. Code was adapted from _URL_
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
# Some sample data
x_side = np.arange(-5, 5, 0.04)
y_side = np.arange(-5, 5, 0.04)
X, Y = np.meshgrid(x_side,y_side)
# Fake mountains
Z = np.exp(-(X**2+Y**2)) + 2*np.exp(-((X-2)**2+Y**2))
# Assign colors based off some user-defined condition
COLORS = np.empty(X.shape, dtype=str)
COLORS[:,:] = 'b'
COLORS[(Z>.1) * (Z<.3)] = 'r'
COLORS[Z>.3] = 'g'
COLORS[X+Y < -1] = 'k'
# 3D surface plot
fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.gca(projection='3d')
surf = ax.plot_surface(X, Y, Z, facecolors=COLORS, rstride=1, cstride=1,
enter image description here
share|improve this answer
thanks a lot, this is helpful – octoback Aug 29 '12 at 9:25
Your Answer


Conservation Reserve
Gnangara Water Mound
Whiteman Park was established in order to protect the southern tip of the Gnangara Water Mound, a large underground water source that supplies drinking water for up to 60% of Perth.
The Gnangara Mound is Perth's largest source of groundwater, stretching from Gingin in the north, to the Swan River in the south.
Wetland and groundwater levels on the Gnangara Mound have been under considerable pressure in recent years due to a combination of the drying climate (less rainfall) limiting recharge of the mound, and extraction for irrigation and public water supply purposes.


Liborio is a boy name.
Discover other Famous boy names that start with l
Liborio VIP rank
Most recent rank
Highest rank
Actor masks
Actors named Liborio
Movie Director
Directors named Liborio
Singers named Liborio
Writers named Liborio
Famous people named Liborio
Here's a list of VIPs named Liborio:
Frequently Asked Questions
Is Liborio a popular name?
Over the years Liborio was most popular in 1914. According to the latest US census information Liborio ranks #3920th while according to Liborio ranks #2nd.
How popular is the name Liborio?
According to the US census in 2018, no boys were born named Liborio, making Liborio the #36186th name more popular among boy names. In 1914 Liborio had the highest rank with 11 boys born that year with this name.
How common is the name Liborio?
Liborio is #36186th in the ranking of most common names in the United States according to he US Census.
When was the name Liborio more popular?
The name Liborio was more popular in 1914 with 11 born in that year.
When was the last time a baby was named Liborio
The last time a baby was named Liborio was in 2007, based on US Census data.
How many people born in 2007 are named Liborio?
In 2007 there were 5 baby boys named Liborio.


text:
|Instruments:||Guitar, Cor anglais|
|Instruments||Guitar, Cor Anglais|
Words by Colonel Henry Heveningham (_PHONE_), using the first few words from Shakespeare's Twelfth Night as a starting point. Henry Purcell made several settings of these words.
If Music be the food of love
The mp3 is an electronic audio preview


Take the 2-minute tour ×
It would seem that one way of proving this would be to show the existence of non-algebraic numbers. Is there a simpler way to show this?
share|improve this question
A finite dimensional vector space over $\mathbb{Q}$ is countable. – user641 Oct 7 '10 at 2:19
_USER_: Please add that as an answer so people can upvote. – Aryabhata Oct 7 '10 at 2:50
Does that mean that a vector space over $\mathbb{Q}$ is finite-dimensional iff the set of the vector space is countable? If so, please prove it. – Isaac Solomon Oct 7 '10 at 2:55
_USER_ Your question doesn't require the 'only if' anyway. Steve's observation answers your original question. – yasmar Oct 7 '10 at 3:04
_USER_: how is the fact that $\mathbb{R}$ is finite dimensional over itself relevant? – Arturo Magidin Oct 7 '10 at 3:31
show 2 more comments
4 Answers
up vote 52 down vote accepted
As Steve D. noted, a finite dimensional vector space over a countable field is necessarily countable: if $v_1,\ldots,v_n$ is a basis, then every vector in $V$ can be written uniquely as $\alpha_1 v_1+\cdots+\alpha_n v_n$ for some scalars $\alpha_1,\ldots,\alpha_n\in F$, so the cardinality of the set of all vectors is exactly $|F|^n$. If $F$ is countable, then this is countable. Since $\mathbb{R}$ is uncountable and $\mathbb{Q}$ is countable, $\mathbb{R}$ cannot be finite dimensional over $\mathbb{Q}$. (Whether it has a basis or not depends on your set theory).
Your further question in the comments, whether a vector space over $\mathbb{Q}$ is finite dimensional if and only if the set of vectors is countable, has a negative answer. If the vector space is finite dimensional, then it is a countable set; but there are infinite-dimensional vector spaces over $\mathbb{Q}$ that are countable as sets. The simplest example is $\mathbb{Q}[x]$, the vector space of all polynomials with coefficients in $\mathbb{Q}$, which is a countable set, and has dimension $\aleph_0$, with basis $\{1,x,x^2,\ldots,x^n,\ldots\}$.
Added: Of course, if $V$ is a vector space over $\mathbb{Q}$, then it has countable dimension (finite or denumerable infinite) if and only if $V$ is countable as a set. So the counting argument in fact shows that not only is $\mathbb{R}$ infinite dimensional over $\mathbb{Q}$, but that (if you are working in an appropriate set theory) it is uncountably-dimensional over $\mathbb{Q}$.
share|improve this answer
Related to the note about uncountable dimension, there are explicit examples of continuum-sized linearly independent sets, as seen in this MathOverflow answer by François G. Dorais: mathoverflow.net/questions/23202/… – Jonas Meyer Oct 7 '10 at 4:18
Yes: but can one show that there is a basis for $\mathbb{R}$ over $\mathbb{Q}$ without some form of the Axiom of Choice? (There is a difference between exhibiting a large linearly independent subset and exhibiting a basis). – Arturo Magidin Oct 7 '10 at 14:51
No, one cannot, but without the Axiom of Choice the notion of dimension breaks down (except for finite vs. infinite). Assuming AC (as I virtually always do), the size of a linearly independent set gives a lower bound on the dimension of the vector space, and I think it is wonderful that in this case such "explicit" proof exists that the real numbers have continuum dimension, as opposed to the nice qualitative proof one could give by extending your argument to larger cardinals. – Jonas Meyer Oct 7 '10 at 16:02
_USER_: No argument there (with any of your points). – Arturo Magidin Oct 7 '10 at 17:23
good link _USER_, thanks – Leon Lampret Sep 23 '11 at 0:23
add comment
The cardinality argument mentioned by Arturo is probably the simplest. Here is an alternative: an explicit example of an infinite $\rm\: \mathbb Q$-independent set of reals. Consider the set consisting of the logs of all primes $\rm\: p_i\:$. Then if $\rm\ \: c_1\ log\ p_1 +\:\cdots\: + c_n\ log \ p_n \: =\ 0\:,\ \: c_i\in\mathbb Q\:,\: $ multiplying by a common denominator we can assume that all $\rm\ c_i \in \mathbb Z\:,\:$ and, exponentiating, we obtain $\rm\: p_1^{\:c_1}\cdots p_n^{\:c_n} = 1\ \Rightarrow\ c_i = 0,\:$ for all $\rm\:i\:$.
share|improve this answer
_USER_ +1 What a nice example. – Adrián Barquero Oct 7 '10 at 4:50
_USER_. Wow! :-) – a.r. Oct 7 '10 at 6:08
Is this proof unique to Q or does it generalize to provide explicit examples of reals linearly independent over, e.g., Q(sqrt(2))? Above, Q appears to be "hard-wired" into the proof, as the group of exponents in the prime factorization. – T.. Oct 12 '10 at 7:14
_USER_ S. "Then, any number field has a finite extension whose class number is 1." This would imply in particular that there are infinitely many number fields of class number one, which I am pretty sure is an open problem. I wonder what you are thinking here? – Pete L. Clark Jan 22 '11 at 10:20
Can you extend the idea of this proof to get the right dimension? Currently, you only have a countably infinite independent set, but the dimension is size continuum. – JDH Jun 23 '11 at 2:22
show 1 more comment
No transcendental numbers are needed for this question. Any set of algebraic numbers of unbounded degree spans a vector space of infinite dimension. Explicit examples of linearly independent sets of algebraic numbers are also relatively easy to write down.
The set $\sqrt{2}, \sqrt{\sqrt{2}}, \dots, = \cup_{n>0} 2^{2^{-n}} $ is linearly independent over $Q$. (Proof: Any expression of the $n$th iterated square root $a_n$ as a linear combination of earlier terms $a_i, i < n$ of the sequence could also be read as a rational polynomial of degree dividing $2^{n-1}$ with $a_n$ as a root and this contradicts the irreducibility of $X^m - 2$, here with $m=2^n$).
The square roots of the prime numbers are linearly independent over $Q$. (Proof: this is immediate given the ability to extend the function "number of powers of $p$ dividing $x$" from the rational numbers to algebraic numbers. $\sqrt{p}$ is "divisible by $p^{1/2}$" while any finite linear combination of square roots of other primes is divisible by an integer power of $p$, i.e., is contained in an extension of $Q$ unramified at $p$).
Generally any infinite set of algebraic numbers that you can easily write down and is not dependent for trivial reasons usually is independent. This because the only algebraic numbers for which we have a simple notation are fractional powers, and valuation (order of divisibility) arguments work well in this case. Any set of algebraic numbers where, of the ones ramified at any prime $p$, the amount of ramification is different for different elements of the set, will be linearly independent. Proof: take the most ramified element in a given linear combination, express it in terms of the others, and compare valuations.
share|improve this answer
_USER_..: Yes, of course. But, in my experience, students find the proof using logs of primes to be much simpler than any of the algebraic versions. That's why I presented it that way. – Bill Dubuque Oct 11 '10 at 14:18
_USER_: the question asked about proofs that do not "show the existence of non-algebraic numbers", and so it is of interest to give proofs that stay entirely within the algebraic (real) numbers. The set of sqrt(p) has minimal "depth" and the sqrt(sqrt...(2)) tower has minimal "width" among algebraic examples, making them somewhat canonical. The log(p) argument can be thought of as using an Archimedean valuation, complementing the approach with p-adic (non-Archimed


text:
Absences & Make Up Lessons
We know that sometimes things come up – illness, injury, holidays, school events – and that you may not be able to make your scheduled lesson every week. But what should you do if you can't attend your lesson? Please just let us know and book a makeup lesson. (There is a 70c administration charge per makeup lesson booked).
Make up lessons are booked at a date and time that suits you. You can even use make ups for siblings providing they are in the program, and can do a makeup at either centre. It is very important that you let us know if your child cannot attend their regular lesson so that we can offer make ups to customers and ensure everyone gets the lessons they are entitled to. The best way to let us know if your child cannot make a lesson is via our app, Nepean Swim.
Have you downloaded our App yet? It is available at both the App Store and Google Play, just search for Nepean Swim. Its free, and allows you to access information and special features at your fingertips. Please use this app to inform us of your child's absence from their lesson, so that we can offer the space to someone else for a make up lesson! Thank you for your cooperation in this – we want everyone to be able to do both their lessons, and make ups, when life gets in the way of your regular lesson!


text:
Hi! I don't know much about stadistics, so I hope you can help me with this problem.
Consider the following numbers: 2, 3, 3, 4, 1, 2, 2, 1, 0 representing the number of hits garnered by each member of the Baltimore Orioles in a recent outing. (a) Calculate directly the average number of hits per man. (b) Let x be a variable signifying the number of hits obtained by a man, and let f(x) be the number of times the number x appears.
Show that the average number of hits per man can be written as:
The average number of hits per man is 2, am I right? However I don't know how to show part b). Thanks in advance.


text:
Coordination and integration
Early childhood care and education is often the concern of several government sectors and usually these are education, social affairs and health. The multi-faceted nature of early childhood care and education gives rise to the challenge of effectively coordinating provision of policy development and implementation across the different sectors.
Coordination issues include coherent regulation, funding and staffing schemes and a common vision of care and education. Effective coordination must exist among sectors at both national and local level, and also between public and private establishments.
Cross-sectoral coordination is difficult, especially at the national level. It is one of the main challenges facing governments of both developed and developing countries trying to promote a holistic approach to early childhood. Responses vary and some countries have sought to remove the problem by integrating sectoral responsibilities into a single ministry.
Other countries divide sectoral responsibilities according to age range and services. For countries where the responsibility for early childhood is divided, policy and administration coherence are sought through coordination mechanisms (COMs). Generally, COMs are effective when they focus on a particular early childhood programme, target population or specific task but their role is limited in promoting a coherent overall policy and administrative framework across different sectors.