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Development of cost effective fenceline monitoring approaches to support advanced leak detection and repair strategies
Squier, B., Bill Mitchell, E. Thoma, S. Amin, AND M. Modrak. Development of cost effective fenceline monitoring approaches to support advanced leak detection and repair strategies. 105th Annual Conference of the Air and Waste Management Association, San Antonio, TX, June 19 - 22, 2012.
This is a poster on the development of cost effective fencline monitoring approaches to support advanced leak detection and repair strategies that will be prensented at the 105th Annual Conference of the Air and Waste Management Association, June 19-22, 2012, in San Antonio, Texas
Cost-effective fence line and process monitoring systems to support advanced leak detection and repair (LDAR) strategies can enhance protection of public health, facilitate worker safety, and help companies realize cost savings by reducing lost product. The U.S. EPA Office of Research and Development (ORD) is working to develop a variety of next-generation fence line monitoring approaches ranging from time-integrated passive sampling to time-resolved concentration and wind field measurements. This extended abstract and poster presentation will summarize development progress on several low-cost fence line monitoring systems. A leak detection system called the deep ultraviolet optical sensor (DUVOS) will be described. The DUVOS concept utilizes discrete regions in the deep ultraviolet spectrum that allow for high sensitivity, non-speciated gas detection of a wide variety of volatile organic compounds and hazardous air pollutants with greatly simplified analysis and optical design requirements. The simplified design concept reduces the initial investment and ongoing operational costs of the sensor while increasing operational robustness and leak detection performance. Both an open-path and point monitor version of the DUVOS system will be described. Another technology that uses fast-response spectroscopic instruments, a precise global positioning system, and advanced wind measurements to locate and estimate fugitive emissions of compounds such as methane and benzene from a remote vantage point will be presented. This mobile leak detection approach can be used as part of a periodic drive-by inspection program to complement and inform LDAR activities.
Record Details:Record Type: DOCUMENT (PRESENTATION/POSTER)
Organization:U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
NATIONAL RISK MANAGEMENT RESEARCH LABORATORY
AIR POLLUTION PREVENTION AND CONTROL DIVISION
EMISSIONS CHARACTERIZATION AND PREVENTION BRANCH


Calorific value
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These pieces of charcoal have a calorific value of 7543 KCal/kg. They burned for almost 4 hours.
The calorific value of a substance is the amount of energy that is released when burning a given amount of the substance. This energy is released in the form of heat, when the substance is burned in standard conditions.


Classes
Package RAIN.BehaviorTrees
Classes
class BTActionNode
 BTActionNode is the behavior leaf node representing an atomic action. More...
class BTConditionNode
 BTConditionNode is a behavior tree leaf node that evaluates a conditional expression to either true or false. A true evaluation will return an ActionResult of SUCCESS. A false evaluation will return an ActionResult of FAILURE. More complex computational evaluations must be coded as BTActionNodes. More...
class BTDecoratorNode
 DecoratorNode is the abstract base class for behavior tree nodes that are intended as passthrough decorators that proxy for their child but add some intermediate functionality. More...
class BTIteratorNode
 BehaviorTree iterator node. Iteration is initialized based on a count initializer expression, which may contain variables. More...
class BTLastStateNode
 BTLastStateNode is a BTDecoratorNode used to record the last state of the decorated node. This is used by the BTParallelNode to keep track of how child nodes should be processed based on their prior results. More...
class BTLoader
 An xml file loader for AI behavior tree definitions. More...
class BTNode
 BTNode is the abstract base class for all behavior tree nodes. BTNode is an Action, so all BTNodes conform to the standard Start(), Execute(), Stop() protocol and return ActionResults. More...
class BTParallelNode
 BTParallelNode is a behavior tree node for allowing child nodes to operate in parallel. Since Unity runs behavior single threaded, nodes are processed in priority order (pre-sorted). However, at each Execute step all active children are given an opportunity to execute even if higher priority nodes fail. More...
class BTPrimitiveAction
 BTMovePrimitive is the behavior leaf node representing a move action primitive. More...
class BTRandomNode
 BTRandomNode executes a single node from a set of nodes, choosing the node to execute at random. More...
class BTRepeater
 BTRepeater is a BTDecoratorNode used to cause another node to repeat until some return state is achieved. More...
class BTSelectorNode
 BTSelectorNode chooses one of a set of options. The child list order is assumed to be prioritized, so that children can be evaluated in order. More...
class BTSequencerNode
 BTSequencerNode executes a series of nodes. The child list order is assumed to be prioritized, so that children can be executed in order. More...
class BTTimerNode
 BTTimerNode waits and returns RUNNING until the timer expires, then returns SUCCESS. BTTimerNode never returns FAILURE. More...
class BTYieldNode
 BTBreakNode is used to break execution of a behavior tree for improving performance and causing execution to pause and resume next frame. More...


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Particle Image Velocimetry With High Power Light Emitting Diodes For Flow Through Porous Medium
Free (open access)
501 - 511
H. M. D. Harshani, S. A. Galindo-Torres, A. Scheuermann
Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) is a non-invasive optical measurement technique which has been used for many decades to measure fluid velocity. Conventionally, PIV systems are equipped with a laser system for illuminating the flow field. However, laser systems are expensive, and their usage usually creates specific safety precautions. In this work, we used a low cost LED based illumination system in conjunction with the refractive-index matching method to measure flow velocities in porous media. Hydro jelly beads were used as a transparent porous medium which have the same refractive index as water. The movement of tracer particles which were illuminated by the LED pulse was captured by a high-speed double pulsed camera and the resulting images were processed for receiving the pore-scale fluid velocity. Interstitial velocity vectors averaged over a specified region were presented and compared with the vertical velocity component calculated from the volumetric flow rate. In general, our results demonstrated the usability of LED based PIV system for investigating flow conditions in porous media. The future aim of this study is the investigation of micro-scale seepage induced internal erosion of granular structures.
Particle Image Velocimetry, porous flow, refractive index matching, image analysis

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
Ministry of Public Health today announced the registration of 623 new confirmed cases of COVID-19 and the recovery of 61 cases, bringing the total number of recovered cases in Qatar to 750.
Most of the new cases are for expatriate workers most of who have been subject to quarantine after it was found that they were in contact with confirmed cases.
All newly infected cases have been put into isolation and are receiving the necessary medical care.
With the registration of 61 new recovered cases, the total number of people to have recovered from COVID-19 is 750.
The Ministry of Public Health stated that the recent increase in the number of confirmed new cases of coronavirus is due to several reasons, including that the spread of the virus has begun to enter the peak stage (i.e. the highest wave that affects the country), which may continue to increase for a period of time before it begins to decline.
It is also due to the increase in the efforts of the Ministry and its medical teams to track the transmission chains of coronavirus and expand the surveillance process, including of groups of contacts with people who were previously diagnosed with the disease. All of this has contributed to the early detection of many cases of infection and reduced the spread of the virus.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Animal Tales The Journey Begins by Rhia Roberts
Price: Free! 8370 words.
Published on February 29, 2012..
Animal Tales is a series of 12 controlled readers bringing Dr. Phil McGraw's Life Strategies to 3rd-5th graders. Students are taken on an African adventure where the life strategies are presented as fables. The Journey Begins is the first book in the series; readers are introduced to the main characters (Jake, Nia, and Elena), and their reasons for helping each other.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


The Argument About Substrates Definition Biology | 江门亚国建筑涂料有限公司
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The Argument About Substrates Definition Biology
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This region of chemistry is called theoretical chemistry. There are several other smallish branches of chemistry. You are going to be prepared to remember all you'll need for the high-stakes AP Biology exam. write an essay Our fascination with biology has a very long history. Personal chemistry is significantly deeper then commonalities like we both enjoy the identical music.
All About Substrates Definition Biology
Chemists are continuously working to locate new and useful substances. Innon-competitive inhibition, the inhibitor does not need a similar substrate since it binds and inhibits the enzyme outside the active center. Ligases Enzyme are also referred to as Synthetases.
This website is called the allosteric website. To put it differently, we can also say there's no life without enzyme. The term ought to be utilized with care. Chemistry is not something you do to some other person it's something you've got with them.
The Fight Against Substrates Definition Biology
The condition of the enzyme will also influence its function. This decreases Vmax whilst KM is still the exact same. Products may also bind factors (such as repressor proteins) and stop the transcription of genes that ultimately make the goods, thus feedback inhibition may also extend to the genetic level. Both are life-threatening problems. The specificity of reaction states that every enzyme can catalyze only a particular type of reaction.
In general, a terrific resource, although the price could be too high for some. You'll also wish to be sure you leave more space in the event you should add more information later. _URL_ It uses enzymes at each step to make the next product. You're unchanged during the practice.
Although ceramics are very hard and stable at quite substantial temperatures, they are normally brittle. It enables you to rewrite your notes in a format that makes it possible to understand them more clearly, and it enables you to review the material you've written. A substrate is a substance that's utilised to create a last item. Then, the substrate itself isn't relevant, but instead the chemical group it carries.
But a great deal of times students simply don't understand what the heck does that mean. They might also assist their customers solve problems. Which one is best for you depends on your personal conditions. There is admittedly that mystery cause's attraction and frequently times the origin of the mystery is that people don't understand they have personal chemistry and therefore have developed feelings of attraction. There isn't any real expectation of practical application now. While the specifics vary from one science to another, however, the term substrate is usually defined as some type of core or surface throughout the scientific world. It is possible to find it, but you will need to be patient.
This website is called the allosteric website. To put it differently, we can also say there's no life without enzyme. Direct competition is a kind of struggle that involves species or organisms directly interacting together. Chemistry is not something you do to some other person it's something you've got with them.
The truly amazing similarity of the rabbit and the wallaby is the end result of pure selection. You'll also wish to be sure you leave more space in the event you should add more information later. It uses enzymes at each step to make the next product. You're unchanged during the practice.
Because of this, the amount of inorganic compounds is limited regardless of the huge number of elements that may react with one another. Whether a substance is thought to be a substrate depends on which reaction it's headed to, and which reaction it came from. They might try to make the synthetic version of a substance found in nature, or else they may make an entirely new and one of a kind compound. Physical combinations of over 1 substance are called mixtures. In our entire body, almost all molecule work for a substrate for unique functions.
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A 2018 PNAS study concludes that
Now "militarized police" can mean different things to different people, but a good number of countries, including some European ones, have a Gendarmerie, which according to Wikipedia's definition is a
a military force with law enforcement duties among the civilian population.
Are there surveys in countries (besides the US) that have such a force finding a negative reaction among the population, and more precisely among the minorities, when the "Gendarmerie" (whatever it may be called in a given country) is deployed, over and above less "militarized" police?
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 In Austria, a popular view of Gendarmerie is this: In urban areas, the police is called Police. In rural areas, it's called Gendarmerie. Other than the name, there is little difference between them from an ordinary person's point of view. Gendarmerie does not appear more militarized than ordinary police. – user4370 Sep 3 '20 at 9:31
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 In countries that fell under Soviet yoke you will find such feelings still alive for non-theoretical reasons, as such forces were used as means of oppression by communist regimes. For example in Poland there was ZOMO _URL_ However you won't find much of surveys (because "everyone knows its true") and it was more or less targeted against majorities rather than minorities, so I am not sure if it would be fit for answer. – PTwr Sep 3 '20 at 9:33
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 The Gendarmerie are no more armed than the civilian Police. They are technically military, they are not "militarized". – OrangeDog Sep 3 '20 at 9:40
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 The American political rhetoric is not about people with actual military positions doing police work; it is about ordinary police having access to military equipment and training. – Karl Knechtel Sep 4 '20 at 15:43
There is a lot of confusion regarding the French Gendarmerie, fueled by descriptions like "military police" or "military force with law enforcement duty" which are technically correct but do not fully reflect the nature and tactics of the force. Its members are indeed military officers, which has some legal consequences (trade unions are strictly forbidden, ranks are different) but it is otherwise a regular law enforcement agency, not an elite force or second level of response when the police cannot deal with a situation.
In general, the French Gendarmerie is policing rural areas and small towns when the national police (Police nationale) is in charge of big cities (and above all Paris, which the French government has long feared as the source of many revolts and disturbances). In its area of responsibility, the Gendarmerie covers the full scale of law enforcement activities, from policing traffic, securing road accident sites (a major role as they cover most of the long-distance road network) and response to emergency calls and disturbances (police secours) to criminal investigations and riot control.
French gendarmes are not issued and do not routinely carry military weapons (e.g. HK 416) but simply a handgun (Sig-Sauer SP 2022, procured through a common call-for-bids covering both police and Gendarmerie). Unlike the rest of the military, ranking members of the Gendarmerie have power-of-arrest (officier de police judiciaire) and are trained in criminal procedure. They will act at the behest of the justice system when appropriate (executing warrants, etc.) In this like in so many other aspects they are closer to the police than to the military.
Operationally, both the police and the Gendarmerie have SWAT teams (the GIGN and RAID are the most famous). It is extremely rare for the Gendarmerie SWAT team to be called in to intervene in the police area of responsibility and vice versa. Both the police and Gendarmerie have roughly the same number of riot control units (unité de force mobile: escadron de gendarmerie mobile in the Gendarmerie and compagnie républicaine de sécurité in the police), with similar tactics and organisation, deployed side-by-side depending on availability (especially in Paris). The Gendarmerie does have a few aging armored vehicles, seldom seen in metropolitan France but that's about the only difference when it comes to riot control.
The Gendarmerie has a few capabilities the police doesn't have but they are really marginal and not directly relevant to your question: mountain rescue, coast guard duties, security for air bases and nuclear sites, provost duties for the French military at home and abroad, deployment abroad to secure French military bases and diplomatic posts. The GIGN also has a long tradition of training and working with the special forces and has officers trained in military parachuting or assault at sea so that it is tasked with some counter-terrorism missions on the whole territory (i.e. even in the police area of responsibility). The police also has a few specific duties that are not shared with the Gendarmerie: investigation of terror attacks, border control and railway police, larger role in domestic intelligence.
All that is a long-winded way to say that the analogy in the question is not the right one. To the extent that there are debates on a "militarization" of law enforcement (and in France there are, for example regarding riot control tactics), it would not focus on Gendarmerie vs. police. If anything, the Gendarmerie has a more positive image in the public and a reputation of being less "heavy handed" than the police. With a few key exceptions (Rémi Fraisse and Adama Traoré), all cases of excessive violence and racism by law enforcement that have created controversy in France in the last decade involved the police, not the Gendarmerie.
Incidentally, while they do sometimes retain a different legal status and traditions, there are signs of a convergence between Gendarmerie and police in many European countries. In Austria or Belgium, the Gendarmerie was merged with the police. In France, it was transferred from the ministry of Defense to the ministry of the Interior.
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 In Germany, the Bundesgrenzschutz became the Bundespolizei decades ago, too. Their SWAT team is still called Border Guards Group 9 to keep the tradition. – o.m. Sep 2 '20 at 15:36
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 Almost the same in Spain with the Guardia Civil. They are mostly in charge of policing rural areas, borders and patrol national roads (and some specialist units), have a military-like structure, and can be used both for police tasks (the usual missions in Spain in peacetime, under the Ministry of Interior) and for military tasks (some foreign missions, or during war, under the Ministry of Defense). – SJuan76 Sep 2 '20 at 22:01
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 It seems that the French have a tradition of outsourcing public service to the military - Les Sapeurs-Pompiers (fire and rescue service) in Paris is also a brigade of the French Army.. – Oscar Bravo Sep 3 '20 at 8:48
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 _USER_ There are two of them in France: Paris and Marseile (in Marseille, they are not part of the Army but of the Navy). They were established at different times, each of them after a large fire that was seen to be mishandled by the municipal fire brigade. – Relaxed Sep 3 '20 at 8:51
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 _USER_.m. The Bundespolizei is not, and never was, a military force though – it's under the administration of the Federal Ministry of the Interior, and not of the Federal Ministry of Defense. So, it's not a "militarized police" in the sense used by the OP (members of the Bundesgrenzschutz did have combatant status, though). – Schmuddi Sep 4 '20 at 7:57
New Zealand
Background: Police in New Zealand do not typically carry firearms on their person, despite a longstanding stated desire from the police association to do so. Since 2012 pistols and semi-automatic rifles are stored in lock boxes in patrol cars, which may be accessed at the officer's discretion, but they must advise their command if they are going to do so. Typically when dealing with armed suspects the procedure is to call in the Armed Offenders Squad (AOS), who have extra training and equipment to contain a situation, after which the Special Tactics Group (with an even higher level of training, and consisting of officers selected from the AOS) is employed to resolve the situation. In exceptional circumstances district commanders have the authority to order all frontline officers to carry their firearms while on duty, as was done after the mass shooting at two mosques in 2019.
As a response to this mass shooting, and an alleged rise in use of firearms by criminals, a six-month trial of "Armed Response Teams" (ARTs) was instigated. This involved members of the Armed Offenders Squad patrolling full-time while armed. The trial ended after 6 months because they created fear in the community, according to the police themselves
Police Armed Response Teams set up after the Christchurch mosque attacks were dumped because they "created fear" in the community, new documents have


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The United States Agency for International Development (USAID) is proud to co-sponsor the weeklong Clean Energy Week Cambodia 2021 from October 21-28, 2021 organized by EnergyLab Cambodia. USAID Green Invest Asia is convening experts from ATEC* Biodigesters International, H&M Group and Khmer Green Charcoal for an October 26, 2021 webinar, "Clean energy supporting sustainable landscapes and ecosystems", from 2-3pm, to learn how clean technology – from biodigesters to biofuels – can relieve pressure on Cambodia's forests.
This webinar examines the role of factory fuel on forests; challenges of sourcing sustainable biofuel in Asia, which has less than 6 percent of the world's Forest Stewardship Council (FSC)-certified forests; the economics of fuel switching; and how clean technology can help halt or reverse deforestation and land degradation.
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text: In this paper, we perform a systematic evaluation of the impact of Global Positioning System radio occultation (GPSRO) data on typhoon-track prediction over the northwestern Pacific. Specifically, we perform data assimilation and forecast experiments using the Typhoon Weather Research and Forecasting (TWRF) system at 45 km resolution on 11 typhoons (with a total of 327 cases) in the period of 2008-2010 over the northwestern Pacific, with or without the use of GPSRO refractivity observations. On average, about 100 GPSRO soundings are assimilated over a 12 h partially cycling assimilation period. The results indicate that the assimilation of GPSRO data reduces the 72 h track forecast errors by approximately 12 km (5 %). Although this is only a modest improvement, it is statistically significant. The assimilation of GPSRO data improves the analysis and the forecast of temperature, water vapor, and wind fields. Further analysis shows that the reduction in typhoon-track forecast errors can be attributed to the improved prediction of western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH) and its associated circulation, which leads to better forecasting of the environmental steering flow.


Understanding and Improving Operating Room Scheduling at the VA-Ann Arbor Health System
Faculty/Clinicians/Staff: Prof. Amy Cohn, Dr. Ted Skolarus, Justin Dedecker, Dr. Tamar Lake, Rachel Moeckel, William Pozehl, Melissa Ringlein, Daniel Weir
Students: Fumiya Abe-Nornes, Samir Agrwala, Eric Chen, Laura Hattar, Malcolm Hudson, Max Wagner, Lan Yue, Shuhao Zhou
Project Contact: _EMAIL_
Project Synopsis:
Operating rooms (ORs) are vital to the overall operations of a hospital while also being one of their most expensive resources. Thus, it is imperative to maximize OR efficiency so that hospitals can increase their overall capacity for patient care while also saving significant amounts of money.
In this project, CHEPS is working with the surgical team at the VA-Ann Arbor Healthcare System in order to strategize ways of improving their OR efficiency. Some of the key performance indicators that we have focused on so far include:
 - OR Utilization: Proportion of scheduled OR time that is actually used for surgery
 - First-Case On-Time Start Rate: Proportion of first operations of the day that start at or before the scheduled time
 - Turnaround Time: Time in between two scheduled surgeries in the same OR
We are investigating specific factors within each of these areas that contribute to overall OR inefficiency by analyzing data from previous surgeries at the VA. The goal is to understand the current state of operations and eventually provide any needed interventions.
Papers, Posters, & Presentations:


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The visibility of a laser beam is affected by the surrounding lighting, the laser's wavelength, and the colour, humidity and reflectivity of the material. In this blog post, you can read more about how these variables affect the visibility of a laser beam.
The effect of lighting and wavelength on the visibility of a laser beam
A laser beam can be seen in both darkness and bright light. For example, a laser has been used to create a projected user interface for our customer Merivaara's Q-Flow surgical light, which emits 160 times more light than a standard lamp.
Lasers are also suitable for outdoor use, such as marking loading docks. A laser beam will not, however, be visible in bright sunlight. Some kind of shade is required to see it.
The reflection of a laser beam is affected by particulates in the air, localised temperature variations in gas molecules, and humidity. For example, fog affects the direction of light waves and acts as a scattering medium, which will cause the laser to appear as a blurred pattern on a wall of fog.
In challenging conditions, the visibility of laser beams can be improved by choosing a wavelength of 520 nm (green). A green laser is up to six times more visible to the human eye than a red laser. However, due to the sensitivity of the detector, machine vision can often see red lasers best (a wavelength of 660 nm).
The visibility of a laser beam can also be improved by raising the laser's optical power (mW). However, increasing the power can only be done in accordance with laser safety regulations.
The effect of surface colour on the visibility of a laser beam
Everyone has experienced dark clothing heating up faster and more intensely in the sun than pale clothing. There is a physical reason for this: dark colours absorb light, while pale colours reflect light. This same phenomenon causes a laser beam to be more visible against pale colours than dark colours.
A laser beam will appear sharp on a sheet of white paper, but will be far less visible on a piece of dark wood. This is because the dark colour absorbs the light into the porous wood and scatters only a portion of it back, which causes the laser to be reflected on the surface with a blurred outline.
However, surface colour has less impact on solids, as the laser light cannot be absorbed that deeply anyway and will instead be reflected back. A strong reflection creates a sharp line.
The effect of material reflectivity on the visibility of a laser beam
A material's reflectivity depends on its absorption capacity, that is, how well light particles (photons) can be absorbed into the material.
A lightweight fibrous material is an example of a highly absorbent material. These materials absorb light deeply, causing it to be scattered and reflected back weakly to the material's surface. Against fibrous materials, a laser line or other projected image will spread over a wide area and appear blurred around the edges. The same phenomenon will occur if the material is damp.
Weakly absorbent materials have a solid structure. The laser light will be poorly absorbed by the material, yet still to a sufficient extent to enable the light to be reflected and to create a sharp laser line or other pattern on the surface.
If no light at all is absorbed from a laser, it will be reflected away when it hits the surface of the material. This is why 100% reflective materials, such as mirrors and polished steel, are the most challenging with respect to laser visibility.
A laser beam will be sharp:
Black anodised aluminium surface
A laser beam will be visible, but not sharp:
A laser beam will be weak:
A laser beam will be invisible:
Polished steel surface
Bright aluminium surface
Send a material sample to the laser manufacturer
If you are unsure how well a laser beam will stand out against the material you are using, you can send the material to us for testing. You can also send us photos of the area, equipment or device in which you are planning to use the laser. We will provide guidance on choosing the right laser and, if necessary, send you a test laser to try out.
Contact us and ask about lasers!
Product Development Director +358 14 241 488 _EMAIL_


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The Optoelectronics Company has introduced a range of direct emission 520 nm laser diode modules. The Optoelectronics Company says it direct emission green diode lasers offer a low cost, efficient, and thermally stable alternative to diode-pumped solid state (DPSS) green laser modules. DPSS modules can produce green light through doubling the frequency of an infrared laser. However direct emission green laser diode modules are a more robust solution that can operate at a wide range of temperatures while delivering high beam quality. According to the company, its direct emission green laser diode modules are robust, small, and offer power stability between -10 degrees C and +50 degrees C..
Green light appears brighter to the eye than red light because the human eye is more sensitive to it. So, green lasers are ideal for outdoor applications such as rangefinders and distance meters used by builders and surveyors. At 520nm, Optoelectronic Company's green laser diode modules produce an elliptical beam with high output stability with optical output powers of up to 35 mW. They have an operating voltage of 9V DC. The 53 mm long and 12 mm diameter modules are housed in anodized aluminum and can produce 35mW output operating at a typical 140mA.


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Why is it that when i drop my phone from about 4 feet onto a pillow, and plot the magnitude of the user acceleration i get peak values of 1.5g then 1g then 2.5g then 1g then 2.5g then 0g in a 1 second time frame in free fall with 10 samples. Ideally it should be accelerating at a constant rate downwards due to gravity minus the air resistance, so why does the acceleration go up and down while in free fall? What is causing this noise?
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The most important concept to understand before reading my post is that acceleration relative to the ground (not accelerometer reading) due to gravity will always be 1.0g. However, this acceleration can be diminished/enhanced by external factors such as air resistance, stopping force, applied force, etc.
It is important to recognize the difference between actual acceleration and the accelerometer reading before noticing the variation between my answer and the others. I have answered your question in terms of acceleration because your graph does not seem to reflect raw accelerometer readings, but rather acceleration relative to the ground. To clarify:
Here is a probable situation for each acceleration WRT ground that you posted:
1.5g: When dropping the iPhone, you probably accidentally applied a small force of ~0.5g, causing an acceleration of 1.5g (1.0g due to gravity + 0.5g applied).
1.0g: Once it is in actual free fall, it reads ~1.0g (acceleration due to gravity). This is the acceleration it should hypothetically be reading the entire time it is in free fall, neglecting air resistance.
2.5g: When it hits the pillow, it has an upwards acceleration of ~2.5g because it is stopping after having gained speed from gravity.
0.0g: After it has stopped, it has 0.0g of acceleration because it isn't accelerating. Acceleration due to gravity has been neutralized by the normal forced exerted by pillow.
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The accelerometer is measuring force with respect to the iPhone case. When sitting still on the table, gravity is forcing the accelerometer chip into the bottom of the iPhone case with a force of 1G. When in free fall, both the accelerometer chip and the iPhone case will undergo the same downward force due to gravity of 1G. But then since, in free fall, both the chip and the case will be accelerating downward at the identical rate, there is no force of the chip against the iPhone case, they'll both be falling together, so you get a reading very close to zero G.
So 1 G while you hold it still up in the air. 0 Gs in free fall. Many G's during the deepest contact part of the bounce. 0 Gs during the up in the air part of the bounce rebound. Many G's during the next contact with the pillow, etc. Back to 1 G when sitting still on the pillow.
This is a slight simplification, as the measurement is actually of one part of the chip against another, but the argument still works, but more on a nano-scale.
Einstein discovered something obvious (but hidden in plain sight). That is: what we experience as gravity is actually acceleration. When on the ground, and not moving, we are actually accelerating upward at 1G (one earth gravity). So the earth is actually expanding outward from the center.
Now a funny thing happens with matter (or a large mass like the Earth): space and time around the mass actually collapses at the exact same rate as the expansion. That's why clocks run faster when you move away from the center of the earth or off the Earth's surface. This has been verified in countless experiments and must be taken into consideration in order for GPS satellites to function correctly (for example).
Now a true accelerometer will always measure 1G on the ground. When you released it, the accelerometer goes into "free fall" which means it is now moving at a constant velocity (not accelerating)and thus reads: 0G. Instead of the accelerometer accelerating, the ground accelerates up to meet the falling object because the ground has accelerated upward during the one second of weightless free-fall experienced by the accelerometer. The instantaneous acceleration when striking the pillow is therefore much higher than 1G. Using the pillow as a spring to gently introduce the new instantaneous velocity of the earth to the momentarily weightless accelerometer was a good idea.
Instantaneous acceleration to any instrument is very destructive... and iPhones very expensive.
Is the phone spinning? Air resistance will vary depending on the "profile" presented in the direction of acceleration (down), which means acceleration will vary. The 0g sample is either a spot where the location of the sensor in the phone happened to be rotating/spinning downwards at the same rate as gravity, and/or the phone hit terminal velocity (not likely on a 4' fall).
Normally, when the phone is sitting on the table, the acceleration is 1G. In a free-fall the acceleration is 0G. I've never played with the iPhone accelerometer to know whether the support logic "fakes" 0G when stationary and "fakes" 1G when falling, but if it does it would inevitably be imperfect.
What you should see (from an un-fudged accelerometer) in a free-fall is starting at 1G, decreasing rapidly to 0G while falling, increasing rapidly to several Gs when it hits the "ground", then returning to 1G after rebounding stops, perhaps after several cycles up and down.
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A framework for detecting deviations in complex event logs
Article
Li, G. & van der Aalst, W.M.P. (2017). A framework for detecting deviations in complex event logs. Intelligent Data Analysis, 21(4), 759-779.
Read more: DOI Medialink/Full text
Abstract

Deviating behavior within an organization can lead to unexpected results. The eects of deviations are often negative, but sometimes also positive. Therefore, it is useful to detect deviations from event logs which record all the behavior of the organization. However, existing model-based and cluster-based approaches are inaccurate or slow when dealing with complex event logs, i.e. logs of less structured processes having many activities and many possible paths. This paper proposes a novel approach that is faster than cluster-based approaches because it creates a so-called prole which is less time-consuming than creating clusters. Furthermore, the approach is also more accurate than model-based approaches because we use an iterative approach to improve the result. Our experiments show that approach outperforms existing techniques in a variety of circumstances.


University Breckinridge School
University Breckinridge School (HM29C0)
Location: Morehead, KY 40351 Rowan County
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Country: United States of America
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N 38° 11.303', W 83° 25.982'
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1929 - 1982
Founded as a laboratory school for teacher training, served the community well by providing a quality education for children grades kindergarten through twelve
HM NumberHM29C0
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Date Added Saturday, July 14th, 2018 at 1:02pm PDT -07:00
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UTM (WGS84 Datum)17S E 286918 N _PHONE_
Decimal Degrees38._PHONE_, -83.43303333
Degrees and Decimal MinutesN 38° 11.303', W 83° 25.982'
Degrees, Minutes and Seconds38° 11' 18.18" N, 83° 25' 58.92" W
Driving DirectionsGoogle Maps
Area Code(s)606
Closest Postal AddressAt or near Elizabeth Ave, Morehead KY 40351, US
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Understanding CPU Dispatching in the Intel® IPP Library
Note: this article describes the SIMD support in versions 5.3 thru 6.1 of the Intel IPP library. The minimum SIMD requirements have changed with release 7.0 of the Intel IPP libary. For more information regarding the SIMD optimization layers present in the Intel IPP 7.0 library please read the article titled Understanding SIMD Optimization Layers and Dispatching in the Intel® IPP 7.0 Library.
The Intel IPP library contains a collection of functionally identical processor-specific optimized libraries that are "dispatched" at run-time. The "dispatcher" chooses which of these processor-specific optimized libraries to use when your application makes a call into the IPP library. This is done to maximize each function's use of the underlying SIMD instructions and other architecture-specific features.
Note: you can build custom processor-specific libraries that do not require the dispatcher, but that is outside the scope of this article. Please read this IPP linkage models article for information on how to build custom versions of the IPP library.
Dispatching refers to the process of detecting CPU features at run-time and then selecting the Intel IPP optimized library set that corresponds to your CPU. For example, in the \ia32\bin directory, the ippiv8-x.x.dll library file contains version 'x.x' of the optimized image processing libraries for Intel® Core™ 2 Duo processors; 'ippi' refers to the image processing library, 'v8' refers to the Core 2 architecture, and 'x.x' refers to the library's major version numbers.
In the general case, the "dispatcher" identifies the run-time processor only once, at library initialization time. It sets an internal table or variable that directs your calls to the internal functions that match your architecture. For example, ippsCopy_8u(), may have multiple implementations stored in the library, with each version optimized to a specific Intel® processor architecture. Thus, the p8_ippsCopy_8u() version of ippsCopy_8u() is called by dispatcher when running on an Intel Core 2 Duo processor on IA-32, because it is optimized for this processor architecture.
Note: IPP architectures generally correspond to SIMD (MMX, SSE, AES, etc.) instructions sets.
Initializing the IPP Dispatcher
The process of identifying the specific processor being used, and initialization of the dispatcher, should be performed before you make any calls into the IPP library. If you are using a dynamic link library this process is handled automatically when the dynamic link library is initialized. However, if you are using a static library you must perform this step manually. See this article on the ipp*Init*() functions for more information on how to do this.
The following table lists all the architecture codes defined by the Intel IPP library through version 6.1 of the product. Note that some of these IPP architectures have been deprecated and are no longer supported in the current version of the product. Deprecated architectures are identified in the "Notes" column of the table.
Platform Architecture SIMD Requirements Processor / µarchitecture Notes
IA-32 px C optimized for all IA-32 processors i386+
a6 SSE Pentium III thru 5.3 only
w7 SSE2 P4, Xeon, Centrino
t7 SSE3 Prescott, Yonah
v8 Supplemental SSE3 Core 2, Xeon® 5100, Atom
s8 Supplemental SSE3 (compiled for Atom) Atom new in 6.0
p8 SSE4.1, SSE4.2, AES-NI Penryn, Nehalem, Westmere see notes below
g9 AVX Sandy Bridge µarchitecture new in 6.1
Intel® 64 (EM64T) mx C-optimized for all Intel® 64 platforms P4 SSE2 minimum
m7 SSE3 Prescott
u8 Supplemental SSE3 Core 2, Xeon® 5100, Atom
n8 Supplemental SSE3 (compiled for Atom) Atom new in 6.0
y8 SSE4.1, SSE4.2, AES-NI Penryn, Nehalem, Westmere see notes below
e9 AVX Sandy Bridge µarchitecture new in 6.1
Itanium® i7 Intel® Itanium® processor family Itanium
IXP4xx sx C-optimized for IXP4xx processors IXP/XScale thru 5.3 only
s2 IXP4xx optimized IXP/XScale thru 5.3 only
For non-Intel based processors support, please see the article titled Use Intel® IPP on Intel or Compatible AMD* Processors.
For more information regarding Intel IPP library support for XScale* processors, please see the following article:
PXA9xx / PXA27x / XScale -- How to get Developer Support
P8/Y8 Internal Run-Time Dispatcher
Within the 32-bit p8 and equivalent 64-bit y8 architectures there is an additional "run-time" dispatching mechanism, a kind of mini-dispatcher. The Nehalem (Intel Core i7) and Westmere processor families add additional SIMD instructions beyond those defined by SSE4.1. The Nehalem processor family adds the SSE4.2 SIMD instructions and the Westmere family adds AES-NI.
Creating two additional internal versions of the IPP library for the SSE4.2 and AES-NI instructions would be very space inefficient, so they are bundled as part of the SSE4.1 library. When you call a function that includes, for example, AES-NI optimizations, an additional jump directs your call to the AES-NI version within the p8/y8 library. Because the enhancements affect the optimization of only a small number of IPP functions, this additional overhead occurs infrequently and only when your application is executing on a p8/y8 architecture processor.
S8/N8 (Atom) Dispatch
The s8/n8 library (Atom-optimized) is not present in the static libraries, only in the dynamic libraries. However, IPP applications built with the static library will run on an Atom processor with very good to equivalent performance using the v8/u8 library (which is automatically dispatched, you do not need to do anything special for the Atom processor).
The Linux distributions of the IPP library include a separate Atom-specific version of the library. However, you do not need to use this Atom-specific library if you are building an IPP application that will be run on multiple processor platforms, including Atom processors. This Atom-only version of the library is provided as a convenience for building IPP applications that will run ONLY on an Atom, as opposed to IPP applications that may run on a variety of processor platforms.
The fundamental difference between the s8/n8 and v8/u8 libraries are the compiler options used to build them, which accommodates the differences in the construction of the instruction pipelines between the Atom and other SSSE3 processors. Both libraries are Supplemental SSE3 libraries and the s8/n8 version of the IPP library does not use any Atom-unique instructions, so no features are lost by running the v8/u8 slice of the library on an Atom processor. Also, these two variations in the library (s8/n8 and v8/u8) give nearly identical performance on an Atom.
Processor Architecture Table
The following table was copied from an Intel Compiler Pro options article describing some compiler architecture options. It contains a list of Intel processors showing which processors support which SIMD instructions. For the latest table please refer to the original article; it gets updated on a regular basis. Please note that the behavior of the Intel Compiler SIMD dispatcher described in that article does not apply to the Intel IPP library.
The Intel IPP library dispatching mechanism behaves differently than that found in the Intel Compiler products, and may also behave differently than other Intel library products.
Additional information regarding dispatching and how it relates to non-Intel processors can be found here. How to identify your specific processor is described here. To correlate a processor family name with an Intel CPU brand name, use the ark.intel.com web site.
Intel® Core™ i7 processors
Intel® Core™ i5 processors
Intel® Core™ i3 processors
Intel® Xeon® 55XX series
Intel® Xeon® 74XX series
Quad-Core Intel® Xeon 54XX, 33XX series
Dual-Core Intel® Xeon 52XX, 31XX series
Intel® Core™ 2 Extreme 9XXX series
Intel® Core™ 2 Quad 9XXX series
Intel® Core™ 2 Duo 8XXX series
Intel® Core™ 2 Duo E7200
Quad-Core Intel® Xeon® 73XX, 53XX, 32XX series
Dual-Core Intel® Xeon® 72XX, 53XX, 51XX, 30XX series
In tel® Core™ 2 Extreme 7XXX, 6XXX series
Intel® Core™ 2 Quad 6XXX series
Intel® Core™ 2 Duo 7XXX (except E7200), 6XXX, 5XXX, 4XXX series
Intel® Core™ 2 Solo 2XXX series
Intel® Pentium® dual-core processor E2XXX, T23XX series
Dual-Core Intel® Xeon® 70XX, 71XX, 50XX Series
Dual-Core Intel® Xeon® processor (ULV and LV) 1.66, 2.0, 2.16
Dual-Core Intel® Xeon® 2.8
Intel® Xeon® processors with SSE3 instruction set support
Intel® Core™ Duo
Intel® Core™ Solo
Intel® Pentium® dual


text:
Building a better maintenance schedule starts with understanding your assets and your resources, and how you can effectively bring the two together. This article looks at two core principles of PM scheduling, fixed and floating schedules, to help you better organize preventive maintenance.
Table of contents
Many everyday activities can be considered maintenance, from brushing your teeth to washing dishes. Most of these tasks are so routine, you barely think about how often you do them. Teeth are brushed at the same time every day and the dishwasher is run when it's full.
The same ideas guide preventive maintenance scheduling. Tasks are scheduled at certain intervals because it's what's best for the asset. But "what's best" for assets can differ. Understanding the difference allows you to coordinate PMs more effectively, build an efficient maintenance schedule, reduce the risk of downtime, effectively manage backlog, and control costs.
What are fixed and floating PM schedules?
Fixed PM scheduling is when regular maintenance is scheduled at a certain time or usage interval based on the target start date of the previous work.
For example, maintenance may be set up for a truck every 1,000 miles. A work order is triggered every 1,000 miles, regardless of when maintenance was last completed. That means that even if the previous PM was late (let's say it was done at 1,400 miles), the next PM would still be triggered at 2,000 miles. Fixed PMs can also be time-based. If that same truck is scheduled for maintenance every 10 days, a work order is sent out on the tenth day, whether the last PM was done on time, five days late, or not at all.
Building a better maintenance schedule starts with understanding your assets, your resources, and how to effectively bring the two together.
Floating PM scheduling is when preventive maintenance is scheduled based on the completion of the previous PM, the past usage of an asset, and the condition of the asset.
For example, a motor needs to be inspected after every 100 hours of operation. This maintenance might take place in a week or a month, depending on the production schedule. The next round of maintenance also changes if the motor is used differently. Maybe the motor is inspected after 120 hours of operation because a PM is done late. In this situation, the next work order for this PM would be triggered at 220 hours under a floating maintenance schedule.
When to use fixed PM scheduling
Fixed preventive maintenance scheduling doesn't work for every asset, nor does it work in every situation. There are a few scenarios when a fixed PM schedule works best and helps a facility use its resources efficiently while reducing downtime.
Maximizing labour and parts
Fixed PMs can help spread out tasks evenly for organizations with a large number of PMs. This makes it easier to plan labour and resources. Predictable tasks mean that the right number of staff and inventory (not too much and not too little) can be planned for a shift, day or week well in advance.
Creating effective schedules
If your facility has PMs that require shorter intervals, like daily or weekly, a fixed schedule is the easiest path to an effective schedule. It ensures that these tasks are completed consistently and on time, which is especially important when they're done on heavily used, production-critical assets.
Effectively managing warranties
Equipment manufacturers often recommend using a fixed PM schedule and can revoke warranties if these recommended schedules aren't followed. While you shouldn't completely base your maintenance schedule on warranties, it can be a factor, which makes sticking to a fixed schedule a good idea.
Meeting compliance regulations
Fixed PMs are generally more useful when certain assets or facilities are the focus of regulatory compliance or audits. Because a fixed schedule shows a predictable pattern, it is often seen as reliable proof that a facility is meeting certain regulatory benchmarks and is consistently giving attention to the necessary assets.
When to use floating PM scheduling
A floating PM schedule can be a more complex way to plan preventive maintenance and requires certain circumstances to work successfully. Certain assets and situations call for floating PMs more than others.
Increasing schedule flexibility
A floating schedule offers more flexibility for organizations with PMs that are spread over a long period of time and when those PMs can be late with minimal risk of failure or safety hazards. This flexibility allows the maintenance team to push PMs in favour of emergencies that have a huge impact on production.
Assessing risk and prioritizing tasks
Floating PMs are great for low-priority, routine preventive maintenance tasks that need to be completed on a regular basis, but won't affect the reliability or safety of equipment. In this situation, floating PMs allow the maintenance team to assess risk and prioritize tasks that matter most without an obligation to keep up with a strict schedule.
Coordinating maintenance and production schedules
A common use of floating schedules is for assets that are in high demand for production or service, but have a high degree of reliability and will not negatively impact safety or uptime if maintenance is late. The flexibility allows in a floating schedule means that unnecessary downtime can be reduced and uptime can be maximized.
How to use maintenance metrics to improve PM schedules
Asset type, asset history, and organizational processes determine whether you choose fixed or floating PMs for a piece of equipment. The next step is to set the frequency of these tasks. Maintenance metrics provide data to help you make this decision and optimize your schedule.
Mean time between failures
Mean time between failures (MTBF) helps establish how reliable an asset is and gets you closer to figuring out how long you have before that asset fails. This information can be used to shift PMs around and maximize time and resources without gambling with the health of equipment.
For example, an asset's MTBF may be 150 hours, but a preventive maintenance work order is created for the asset every 100 hours. It's apparent that the asset can be inspected less often, say every 125 hours. Having this information allows you to use time, labour, parts, and costs where they're needed more.
Preventive maintenance compliance
Preventive maintenance compliance (PM compliance) measures how successful your team is at completing preventive maintenance tasks. Keeping track of PM compliance for critical assets is one way to ensure time is being spent on the most important jobs and that you're not spreading the maintenance team too thin.
Tasks are scheduled at certain intervals because it's what is best for the asset. But "what's best" for assets can differ. Understanding the difference allows you to coordinate PMs more effectively.
For example, your facility's PM compliance on a critical piece of equipment might be 60%, which is very low. There are many potential reasons why PM compliance is low, but the most likely cause is a jam-packed schedule and not enough technicians to complete every task. In this situation, you can consider placing more technicians on these shifts or moving non-essential PMs to another day.
Maintenance cost as a percentage of replacement asset value
Maintenance cost as a percentage of replacement value (MPRAV) is one way to calculate if the value of an asset is worth the number of maintenance resources being given to it. A culture of total productive maintenance and better maintenance processes can reduce MPRAV and have an indirect, but huge, impact on PM scheduling.
For example, one of your assets might break down a lot. You're spending more time (and money) on PMs to reduce the frequency of failure. This puts a strain on the maintenance schedule. Calculating MPRAV helps you visualize these inefficiencies and find alternatives, like investing in new equipment, higher-quality parts, and better training. This leads to fewer breakdowns and less frequent PMs, leaving more time and money for other assets and PMs.
The bottom line on preventive maintenance scheduling
Every facility has unique assets, production schedules, and maintenance teams. That's why every facility will schedule its PMs a little differently. However, there are some tried and true methods for structuring and optimizing a PM schedule. This includes using fixed and floating schedules and metrics to bolster PM scheduling. When maintenance operations can apply these concepts to their schedule, it empowers them to cut costs, eliminate inefficiencies, use labour more effectively, and increase uptime.


text:
Aztec grass (Liriope muscari "Aztec Grass") is a perennial plant with a grass-like appearance. The foliage is silver-grey and grows 15 inches tall in clumps. Plant Aztec grass in a spot that gets full sun, at least six hours a day in U.S. Department of Agriculture plant hardiness zone 8; in zones 9 and 10, pick a spot that gets four to six hours of sun per day. Keep this attractive groundcover looking neat and tidy by trimming periodically.
Late Winter Trim
Keep Aztec grass looking healthy and full with an annual cutting in mid to late winter, before the new spring shoots emerge. In large areas, simply mow the plants down to the ground using a mower. In smaller areas, a pair of sharp clippers work well. Cut the stalks down to the soil line. Compost the clippings or spread them around the base of the plant as a mulch layer.
Tidy Plants Throughout the Year
Keep the plants looking tidy throughout the year by removing any dead or brown foliage. Use a pair of clippers to cut the individual stalks down at the base. Alternately, remove the individual stalks by pinching them at the base using your fingernails.
Keep Aztec grass healthy and avoid mid-growing season browning by following a regular watering routine. Water once a week throughout the growing season, soaking the soil at the base of each plant. In hot, dry weather, increase the water application as needed. Press your finger 1 inch deep in the soil to test it for moisture. When it feels dry an inch down, add water to the soil.
Dividing Aztec Grass
Aztec grass is a perennial that spreads from underground roots. As the plants expand they can get over crowded, causing the plants to grow poorly. Divide Aztec grass every two to three years to keep the plants healthy and avoid over crowding. In early spring, dig out the clump and divide. Replant half the plant at the same location and plant the other half in a new location, or pot up and give away.


text:
Students taking the Geographic Information Systems course taught at Bangor High School by Margaret Chernosky recently completed 12 posters detailing research related to Maine's involvement in the Civil War.
This outstanding research speaks for itself. The students researched different topics, such as Bangor's Civil War veterans, the involvement of Corinth residents, and the 1st Maine Heavy Artillery Regiment and the 20th Maine Infantry Regiment. One poster highlights the roles played by Maine women during the war.
- This poster highlights the men of Corinth who served the Union
- This poster provides detailed information about Maine's role at sea
- This poster details where Civil War veterans are buried at Mt. Hope Cemetery in Bangor
- Locations of Civil War monuments in Maine


Dog Found Breastfeeding A Starving Abandoned Child
 YouTube/QueOpinaChileTV
The remarkable instincts of a sweet dog are being credited for helping to save the life of a young child who had been abandoned by his mother.
The 2-year-old boy was rescued last week in the Chilean village of Arica, half-clothed and in a dangerous state of malnutrition. It's unclear how long he had been left to fend for himself, but despite being deserted by his parent, the child was not completely without maternal attention.
Incredibly, the boy was discovered being cared for by a neighborhood pet, named Reina. The dog, who is pregnant with a litter of puppies, had evidently taken the starving child in as her own, nursing him with her life-giving milk, reports Estrella de Arica.
"Police were called to verify the witness's report, noting the obvious state of malnutrition of the child and verifying that he was drinking milk from a canine that was in the area, so he was moved immediately to a hospital," police captain Diego Gajardo told the paper.
According to the Associated Press, the boy was treated and later released into the custody of child services.
click to play video
While Reina's actions on behalf of the child are truly remarkable, similar stories of animals breastfeeding starving children are not unheard of. Perhaps the best-known instance of this stems from ancient mythology in the story of Romulus and Remus, traditionally cited as the founders of Rome.
According to legend, the twin boys were on the verge of death after being abandoned by their mother in infancy, only to be rescued by a she-wolf who suckled them.


text:
On a beautiful, cloudy day atop Grandfather Mountain in 1974, an excited and anxious John Harris surveyed the launch, conditions and landing for the very first hang glider launch off of the site.
Since his courageous feat, countless people have flown off of Grandfather Mountain, and his efforts to continue to promote and encourage others to partake in Hang Gliding have not gone unnoticed.
Free flight has been an ongoing passion in Harris' life, including his business and his infectious way of inspiring others to soar and reach new heights.
Since his first time seeing the image of a hang glider in a newspaper, to the purchase of a hang glider and offering lessons on the dunes at Jockey's Ridge State Park in 1974, Harris has been nothing short of a pioneer in sharing free fight and the history behind Francis Rogallo and Gertrude Rogallo in their mission and success of creating the flexible wing.
Their somewhat simple invention opened many doors for progress within flight, including kiting, parachutes, hang gliders and so much more. Backed by his knowledge and experience at NASA and Harris' endless pursuit of free flight, the group were destined to meet, become friends and share their passion to the masses.
Rogallo and Harris shared many experiences on the dunes of Jockey's Ridge together and flights and reunions at Grandfather Mountain.
Hugh Morton, the former caretaker of Grandfather Mountain and the person who Harris sought permission from in order to fly off the mountain, continued to fuel the hang gliding passion with his legendary videos, endless support of the hang gliding community and ever-constant friendship.
Eventually, a launch site was created for Grandfather Mountain where experienced hang gliding pilots followed the footsteps of John Harris for some of the most spectacular views while riding exciting thermals around the mountain.
Although hang gliding off of Grandfather Mountain is no longer offered, on July 21, about 40 hang gliding pilots, their families and free flight supporters joined together to honor the courageous and continuous efforts of John Harris from that first flight off of Grandfather.
A boulder dedication, combined with story telling, Hugh Morton hang gliding videos, as well as a luncheon and dinner took place in honor of John Harris and hang gliding. The launch site where Harris took those first steps off of the mountain to launch is now dedicated as "The Flight of Dreams."
When asked about this accomplishment, Harris said, "It was truly one of the most memorable experiences of my life. The excitement, thrill and feeling of success upon landing was indescribable. Free flight is truly something for everyone to experience."
To learn more about hang gliding and free flight, and to book hang gliding lessons, visit kittyhawk.com.


How to Adjust the Brightness on a Windows 11 Laptop 2023
HomeHow to Adjust the Brightness on a Windows 11 Laptop 2023
How to Adjust the Brightness on a Windows 11 Laptop 20232023-01-01T09:38:58+00:00
Adjust the Brightness on a Windows 11 Laptop
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Changing the brightness in Windows 11 is simple, and you can do so in a variety of methods, including Quick Settings, Settings, the shortcut key, and others.
How do I adjust screen brightness in Windows 11?
It is required to adjust the brightness of your computer. You may change the screen brightness according to the surroundings if you wish to see better in bright light and reduce the strain on your eyes at night. This is an activity that you perform on a daily basis whether you use a Windows desktop, laptop, or notebook. Turning down the brightness on a laptop saves energy and extends its life.
If you are running a Windows 11 PC, how can you change the brightness of your computer screen?
How to Adjust the Brightness on a Windows 11 Laptop
Quick Settings in Windows 11 allow you to change the brightness.
Microsoft eliminates Action Center from your Windows 11 laptop but adds a new area called Quick Settings to the Taskbar. You may alter the brightness by going to Quick Settings.
Step 1: From the system tray, click one of the system icons, such as Wi-Fi, Volume, or Battery, to launch Quick Settings. Alternatively, you may launch Quick Settings by pressing Win + A.
Step 2: Locate a brightness slider and move it left or right to adjust the brightness of the computer screen.
Adjust the Brightness on a Windows 11 Laptop
Shortcut Key to Adjust Windows 11 Brightness
Most laptops include shortcut keys that allow you to alter the brightness. To modify the brightness of the computer screen, look for a symbol like a sun or something similar.
Change the brightness of Windows 11 by going to Settings.
Here's how to change the brightness in Windows 11 Settings:
Step 1: To launch the app, go to Start > Settings.
Step 2: Select System and then Display.
change brightness windows
Step 3: In the Brightness & color area, move the brightness slider to adjust the brightness of your laptop's display.
Change the brightness of your computer with the Windows Mobility Center.
Although Windows Mobility Center is an ancient utility included with older versions of Windows, you may use it to change the brightness of your monitor.
Step 1: Press Win+X and then select Mobility Center.
Step 2: Navigate to the Display brightness option and change your computer's brightness.
Change the brightness of your computer with Windows PowerShell.
You may modify the brightness of Windows 11 by using Windows PowerShell, as seen below:
Step 1: Select Windows PowerShell from the Start menu (Administrator).
Step 2: Type (Get-WmiObject -Namespace root/WMI -Class WmiMonitorBrightnessMethods) into the command prompt.
WmiSetBrightness(1,100) and hit the Enter key. Replace 100 with the percentage figure you choose for your display's brightness.
Automatically adjust the brightness of Windows 11 based on the remaining battery life
In addition to these options, you may set your laptop's brightness to alter automatically based on the remaining battery life in Windows 11.
Enable battery saving to complete this task.
Step 1: Navigate to System > Power > Battery Saver.
Step 2: Select the percentage from the Turn battery saver on automatically at section to enable Lower screen brightness while using battery saving.
Step 3: Turn on Battery Saver.
These are the most frequent methods for changing the brightness in Windows 11. You may also use the physical buttons on your monitor to modify the brightness and power mode of your laptop.
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text:
This blog will analyze how to achieve data merging of different two back end systems, we can assume the following scenario.
1. Step 1 : Create a Gateway builder project in SEGW in both CRM and BW with same EDM model.
2. Step 2 : Implement the data providers in CRM and BW systems.
3. Step 3: Register the service in GW Hub (from one system at-least)
4. Step 4: Assign the system alias of both CRM and BW in GW Hub.
5. Step 5 : Test and consume the services.


BuiltIn.Delay Method
Applies to TestComplete 14.72, last modified on January 20, 2021
This method is obsolete. See the Remarks section below.
Description
The Delay method lets you delay script execution for some period of time. You may want to delay script execution when the application under test is performing some time-consuming operations (for example, when it is loading a database or connecting to a network computer).
Declaration
BuiltIn.Delay(msStr)
ms [in] Required Integer
Str [in] Optional String Default value: "Delays script execution for ... milliseconds."
Result None
Applies To
The method is applied to the following object:
Parameters
The method has the following parameters:
ms
The number of milliseconds during which you want to delay script execution.
Str
Specifies the text displayed by the TestComplete indicator icon during a delay. The default value of Str is "Delays script execution for ... milliseconds.", where ellipsis means the number of milliseconds specified by the ms parameter.
You can format the Str string, for example, specify the delay time value within it:
JavaScript, JScript
var ms = 5000;
var HelpStr = "Delaying test run for " + ms + "milliseconds.";
BuiltIn.Delay (ms, HelpStr);
Python
ms = 5000
HelpStr = "Delaying test run for " + str(ms) + "milliseconds."
BuiltIn.Delay(ms, HelpStr)
VBScript
ms = 5000
HelpStr = "Delaying test run for " & ms & "milliseconds."
BuiltIn.Delay ms, HelpStr
DelphiScript
var ms, HelpStr: OleVariant;
...
ms := 5000;
HelpStr := 'Delaying test run for ' + aqConvert.VarToStr(ms) + 'milliseconds.';
BuiltIn.Delay (ms, HelpStr);
C++Script, C#Script
var ms = 5000;
var HelpStr = "Delaying test run for " + ms + "milliseconds.";
BuiltIn["Delay"](ms, HelpStr);
If you need more sophisticated formatting, use the aqString.Format method.
Result Value
None.
Remarks
This method is obsolete. It is supported for backward compatibility only. To delay the test execution, use the aqUtils.Delay method.
See Also
Delaying Test Execution
Delay Method
Format Method
Pause Method
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What are the advantages of tube furnaces
What are the advantages of tube furnaces
What are the excellent properties of the tubular resistance furnace? As a kind of heating and temperature measuring material equipment, there are many reasons why it is widely used in metallurgy, glass, heat treatment, new energy, abrasive tools and other industries.
First, the tube furnace has a mature manufacturing process and a simple furnace design structure, which is very easy to operate and control, and can produce uninterrupted production, which can greatly improve work efficiency.
Secondly, the yield of ethylene and propylene is high and the concentration is high, the energy consumption is very small, but the heat efficiency is extremely high.
Third, most of the waste gas in the production process can be recycled, which is conducive to energy saving and environmental protection. It can also be combined with multiple tube furnaces for large-scale production.
I have shared some of the advantages of box-type muffle furnaces and tube furnaces. Friends in need can pay attention to Luoyang Songdao Induction Heating Technology Co., Ltd.-a manufacturer of tube furnaces and high-temperature furnaces.


text:
Fruit crop values increase
Although the overall value of Washington's agricultural production dropped 8 percent in 2009 from the previous year, grapes set a record high value, according to the Washington State Department of Agriculture.
Grape growers contributed $210 million to the state's agricultural economy, figures compiled by the National Agricultural Statistics Service for the year 2009, show.
Apples continued to top the list of Washington's agricultural commodities with a value of $1.5 billion, a 14 percent increase from 2008. Apples represented 21 percent of the total agricultural value, compared with 17 percent in 2008. The per-acre value for apples was $9,628, the highest of any commodity except storage onions, which had a value of $11,063.
Fruit and nut crops as a whole were valued at $2 billion, up 5 percent from 2008, but the value of specialty products, at $373 million, was the lowest in many years.


Understanding Logstream
Logstream is a custom framework used to efficiently transfer the log data from Citrix NetScaler instances to NetScaler MAS and NetScaler Insight Center. Logstream data is generated by the NetScaler Packet Engines and is received by NSULFD process running on NetScaler MAS and NetScaler Insight Center.
The only production consumers of Logstream data Is the AFdecoder process running on NetScaler MAS, which is used to enable the various insight reports (Web, HDX, TCP, etc.). Logstream collects flow and user-session level information valuable for application performance monitoring, analytics, and business intelligence applications. It also collects web page performance data and database information. Logstream defines new Information Elements to represent application-level information, web page performance data, and database information.
Using TCP as the transport protocol, Logstream transmits the collected data, called flow records, to one or more IPv4 collectors (NetScaler MAS). The collectors aggregate the flow records and generate real-time or historical reports. Similar to AppFlow, Logstream provides visibility at the transaction level for HTTP, SSL, TCP, and SSL_TCP flows.
Logstream uses actions and policies to send records for a selected flow to specific set of collectors.
An action specifies which set of collectors will receive the Logstream records.
Policies, which are based on Advanced expressions can be configured to select flows for which flow records will be sent to the collectors specified by the associated action.
Unlike IPFIX (AppFlow), while using Logstream for HTTP or TCP transactions, Logstream, instead of sending multiple records (templates) per transaction, only one record is sent with Logstream. This removes collection and assembling of records logic for insights thus improving the response time, and the bandwidth required to transmit flow records to the, and improves performance of NetScaler instances and NetScaler MAS.
Logstream uses string table approach to send the new data strings of the entities (server, client, IP address etc.) for the first time, and refer to them for the subsequent transactions that refer to the same entity that is repetitive while sending the log records which saves a lot of bandwidth on NetScaler MAS.
For example, if a server has 2 million hits during a duration of one hour, when the first transaction is sent on NetScaler MAS, the server details are indexed in a string, and each of the subsequent transaction record points to the string instead of sending the server details on each transaction record.
Currently, enabling Logstream on the virtual servers configured NetScaler instances is supported from both NetScaler instances and NetScaler MAS.
To use Logstream as the communication mode while enabling analytics on NetScaler MAS:
1. In a supported web browser, type the IP address of the NetScaler Management and Analytics System (for example, http://192.168.100.1).
2. In User Name and Password, enter the administrator credentials.
3. Navigate to Networks > Instances, and select the NetScaler instance you want to enable analytics.
4. From the Action drop-down, select Enable/Disable Insight.
5. Select the virtual servers, and click Enable AppFlow.
6. In the Enable AppFlow, select or enter the following
 - For selecting the transport mode as Logstream, select Logstream radio button.
 - In the Enable AppFlow field, type true.
 - Based on the analytics you want to enable, select Security Insight or Web Insight, or both.
Note
For HDX Insight and Gateway Insight, while clicking Enable AppFlow, you need select VPN virtual server configured on your NetScaler instance, and select ICA or HTTP check boxes accordingly.
The following table describes the features of NetScaler MAS that supports Logstream as the transport mode:
Feature IPFIX Logstream
Web Insight
Security Insight
Gateway Insight
HDX Insight
SSL Insight
CR Insight
IP Reputation
AppFirewall
Client Side Measurement
Syslog/Auditlog
Understanding Logstream
In this article


Designing Purposeful Organizations in a rapidly changing world in 7 weeks
We live in a world that is evolving rapidly. Employers are already recruiting for jobs that will require skills that are not yet
known to them, let alone to those working in education to prepare their future workforce. In this workshop, we will examine a simple
but robust framework for understanding the changes and challenges we face. We will also examine how the United Nations
Sustainable Development Goals (UN SDGs) can be used to inform strategic scenario planning and how organizations are able to align
everything they do to an inspiring purpose that supports the needs of humanity and the world we inhabit.
 1. Take and apply a framework for purposeful alignment
 2. Use the UN SDGs in scenario planning
 3. Explain the role of leadership in changing the world
 4. Create the conditions for success in any venture: purpose; vision; engagement; structure; character; results; success and human talent


text:
PHILADELPHIA, PA (STORMWATER MANAGEMENT) -
Rodriguez Consulting LLC (Rodriguez) teamed with Paulus, Sokolowski & Sartor (PS&S) was retained by the Philadelphia Zoo (Zoo) to provide general engineering services to the Zoo to assist with various stormwater management issues including the replacement of antiquated storm/sanitary sewer infrastructure and increase the capacity of the system by re-circulating Bird Lake through a wetland. This reduces the amount of water in the storm sewer system by approximately 200,000 gallons per day.
Rodriguez's survey crew performed a site survey and field investigation of two areas within the Zoo in order to gather topographic and existing conditions information regarding drainage features.
- McNeil Avian Center – Rood Drain Design – Rodriguez created design plans proposing solutions to manage flooding problems at the McNeil Avian Center due to deficiencies with roof drains. Designs proposed to disconnect drains from the combined sewer system and discharge rain water into the adjacent Bird Lake via an outfall pipe and rip rap apron.
- Children's Zoo – Inlet and Storm Sewer Design – Rodriguez coordinated with the Philadelphia Water Department to video inspect the existing combined sewer and stormwater inlets to determine the source of the flooding problems. Design plans were created that proposed the construction of three new stormwater inlets and new 18" RCP storm drain that would improve drainage at this area and would be Philadelphia Water Department standards.


4 56.7 yards at 332°




DOUBLE-CHECK: d1 & d3 and d2 & d4 are 180 ° apart. This is expected when throwing at opposite
corners of the field. The answers are reasonable.
1.89.
THINK: Assume the Cornell Electron Storage Ring is a perfect circle with a circumference of C = 768.4 m.
Recall the exact conversion 1 m = (100 / 2.54) inches.
SKETCH:
RESEARCH:
=
C 2=
π r , d 2r
C  100 in 
SIMPLIFY: d = 
π  2.54 m 
CALCULATE: d
=
( 768.4 m )  100 in 
=

 9629.5007 inches
π
 2.54 m 
31
Bauer/Westfall: University Physics, 2E
ROUND: d = 9630. inches
DOUBLE-CHECK: There are 12 inches in a foot and 5280 feet in a mile. Therefore there are 63,360
inch/mile. Our answer for the Cornell ring is thus about 1/6th of a mile, which seems the right order of
magnitude.
1.90.
THINK: 4% of the 0.5 L for each exhalation is composed of carbon dioxide. Assume 1 mole
( 6.02 ⋅ 1023 molecules) has a volume of 22.4 L. The particular numbers are actually not that important.
The only important thing is that they have the right order of magnitude. So it also could be 0.3 or 0.6 L
that we exhale in each breath, which are also numbers you can find in the literature; and some sources
quote 5% CO2 in the air that we breathe out.
SKETCH: Not applicable.
RESEARCH: How many times do we breathe per day? You can count the number of breaths you take in
a minutes, and that number is around 15. This means that you breath around 800 to 1,000 times per hour
and around 20,000 to 25,000 times per day.
VCO2 # molecules in one breath CO2 breath
VCO2 = 0.04Vbreath ,
=
=
Vmol
CO2 mol
# molecules in a mol
VCO2
0.04Vbreath
(CO2 mol )
(CO2 mol )
=
Vmol
Vmol
0.04(0.5 L)
CALCULATE:
CO2 breath
(6.02 ⋅ 1023 molecules) = 5.375 ⋅ 1020 molecules
=
22.4 L
(a) CO2 day = # molecules exhaled in a day
SIMPLIFY:
=
CO2 breath
( 2.5 ⋅10 )CO
=
( 2.5 ⋅10 )( 5.375 ⋅10
=
4
2 breath
4
20
molecules
)
= 1.34375 ⋅ 10 molecules
1.34375 ⋅ 1025 molecules  365 days  
1 mole
  44 g 
2
(b)=
mCO2


 =
 3.58482 ⋅ 10 kg/year
23
1 day
1
year
6.02
10
molecules
1
mole
⋅





ROUND: In this case we only estimate order of magnitudes. And so it makes no sense to give more than
one significant digit. We can therefore state our answer as
(a) CO2 day = 1025 molecules
25
(b) mCO2 = 300 to 400 kg/year
DOUBLE-CHECK: Does it makes sense that we breathe out around 300 to 400 kg of CO2 in a year, which
implies that we breathe out approximately 1 kg of CO2 in a day. Where does this materials come from?
The oxygen comes from the air we breathe in. So the carbon has to be part of what we eat each day. Since
~1/4 of the mass of a CO2 molecule resides in the carbon, this means that we have to eat at least ~1/2 of a
pound of carbon each day. Since carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen are the main components of our food,
and since we eat several pounds of food per day, this seems in the right ballpark.
1.91.
THINK: Consider the Sun to be at the centre of a circle with Mercury on its circumference. This gives
r=
4.6 ⋅ 1010 m as the radius of the circle. Earth is located a distance r=
1.5 ⋅ 1011 m from the Sun so that
M
E
the three bodies form a triangle. The vector from Earth to the Sun is at 0° . The vector from Earth to
Mercury intersects Mercury's orbit once when Mercury is at a maximum angular separation from the Sun
in the sky. This tangential vector is perpendicular to the radius vector of Mercury's orbit. The three bodies
form a right angle triangle with rE as the hypotenuse. Trigonometry can be used to solve for the angle and
distance.
32
Chapter 1: Overview
SKETCH:
2
RESEARCH: r=
rM 2 + R 2 , rE sinθ = rM
E
SIMPLIFY:=
R
r 
rE 2 − rM 2 , θ = sin −1  M 
 rE 
 4.6 ⋅ 1010 
= 17.858°
(1.5 ⋅ 1011 )2 − (4.6 ⋅ 1010 )2 = 1.4277 ⋅ 1011 m, θ = sin −1 
11 
 1.5 ⋅ 10 
ROUND: =
R 1.4 ⋅ 1011 m, θ= 18°
DOUBLE-CHECK: If it had been assumed that the maximum angular separation occurred when the
Earth to Sun to Mercury angle was 90 ° , θ = tan −1 ( rM / rE ) would be about 17°. The maximum angle
should be greater than this and it is, so the answer is reasonable.
CALCULATE: R =
1.92.
THINK: This question asks about the distance to Proxima Centauri, which can be calculated using
parallax. To do so, it will be necessary to know the radius of Earth's orbit. It will also be necessary to
convert from milliarcseconds to degrees or radians. Then, geometry should be used to find the distance.
SKETCH: Because of the distances involved, the diagram will not be to scale. The earth is shown at two
locations, ½ year apart in its revolution around the Sun. The radius of Earth's orbit is labeled r and the
distance to Proxima Centauri is labeled d.
RESEARCH: The goal is to find d, the distance between the Sun and Proxima Centauri. Note that the
Earth at either of the positions shown, the Sun, and Proxima Centauri form right triangles. The textbook
lists the mean orbital radius of Earth as 1.496 × 108 km. The final answer needs to be in light-years, so it
will be necessary to convert from km to light-years at some point using the fact that 1 light-year = 9.461 ×
33
Bauer/Westfall: University Physics, 2E
1012 km. Knowing the parallax and the radius of the Earth's orbit, it is then possible to use trigonometry to
r
find the distance d from the Sun to Proxima Centauri: tanθ = .
d
r
. It is more difficult to
SIMPLIFY: Using algebra to find the distance d in terms of r and θ gives d =
tanθ
convert from milliarcseconds to a more familiar unit of angle measure, the degree. Since there are 60
arcseconds to the arcminute, and 60 arcminutes make one degree, the conversion will look like this:
1 degree
10−3 arcseconds 1 arcminute
⋅
⋅
=
angle in degrees.
1 milliarcsecond 60 arcseconds 60 arcminutes
CALCULATE: It is important to perform this calculation with the computer or calculator in degree (not
radian) mode. Using the textbook value for the radius of the earth r = 1.496 × 108 km and the given value
for the parallax of 769 milliarcsec gives:
r
d=
tanθ
1 light-year
1.496 × 108 km
⋅
12
−
3

1 degree  9.461 × 10 km
10 arcsec 1 arcminute
⋅
⋅
tan  769 milliarcsec ⋅

1 milliarcsec 60 arcsec 60 arcminutes 

= 4.241244841 light-years
ROUND: The parallax has three significant figures. The radius of the earth is given to four, and all of the
conversions are exact except light-years to km, which is given to four. So the final answer should have
three figures. This gives a total distance of 4.24 light-years.
DOUBLE-CHECK: A distance to the Proxima Centauri of 4.24 light-years means that it takes light about
4¼ years to travel between the Sun and Proxima Centauri. Knowing what we do of astronomical scales,
this makes sense.
angle in milliarcseconds ⋅
Multi-Version Exercises
1.93.
THINK: The lengths of the x and y components of the vectors can be read from the provided figure.
Remember to decompose the vectors in terms of their x and y components.
SKETCH:

RESEARCH: A vector can be written as=
V Vx xˆ + Vy yˆ , where V=
y f − yi .
x f − xi and V=
y
x
SIMPLIFY: Not applicable.


CALCULATE: =
A (−1.5 − (−4))xˆ + (3.5 − 2)=
yˆ 2.5xˆ + 1.5 yˆ , =
B (4 − (−1.5))xˆ + (1 − 2.5)=
yˆ 5.5xˆ − 1.5 yˆ

C =(−3 − 3)xˆ − (4 − (−1)) yˆ =−6 xˆ −


text: Aim: To carry out a nationwide study of KRAS testing in metastatic colorectal cancer as reported by nine major molecular pathology service providers in Australia, including mutation frequencies and turnaround times that might impact on patient care. Methods: Participating laboratories contributed information on KRAS mutation frequencies, including the G13D mutation type, as well as turnaround times for tumor block retrieval and testing. Results: The KRAS mutation frequency observed by nine different test sites for a total of 3688 metastatic colorectal cancers ranged from 34.4% to 40.7%, with an average across all sites of 38.8%. The average frequency of the G13D mutation type among all cases was 8.0%. The median turnaround time was 17 days (range 0-191), with 20% of cases requiring more than 4 weeks for a KRAS test result. The major contributor to long turnaround times was the time taken to retrieve archived blocks of primary tumor, particularly from sources external to the test site. Conclusion: The frequency of KRAS mutations in metastatic colorectal cancer reported by the major Australian test sites is very similar to that reported by other large overseas studies. More widespread introduction of routine testing at the time of initial diagnosis should eliminate the long turnaround times currently being experienced in a significant proportion of cases. Future expansion of testing to include other KRAS and NRAS mutation hotspots may spur the introduction of next-generation sequencing platforms. © 2014 Wiley Publishing Asia Pty Ltd.


Example sentences for: decision--rejecting
How can you use "decision--rejecting" in a sentence? Here are some example sentences to help you improve your vocabulary:
 - ) The unanimous ruling that the Communications Decency Act (banning smut on the Internet) is unconstitutional makes page one of the two Times es and the Post. But the third decision--rejecting a challenge to the line-item veto--didn't even rate a front-page teaser in the NYT.
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text:
Rethinking Transit Migration: Precarity, Mobility, and Self-Making in Mexico
Questioning the notion of transit migration, the authors analyze mobility and immobility among Central American migrants within the transnational space comprised of Central American countries, Mexico, and the US. They examine how mobility and immobility are shaped by the experiences of precarity in specific places, such as international borders, vertical borders, and humanitarian places. The book vividly illustrates various techniques migrants employ to counteract the paralyzing effects of precarity on mobility, while situating the analysis of migrants' precarity within the context of the US biopolitics of citizenship and the corresponding migration control policies and practices in the US and Mexico. At the same time, it scrutinizes the impact on migrants' precarity and mobility of three types of actors within the migration industry: those who facilitate the movement, those who prey on migrants, and those who assist them. Based on migrants' narratives, collected in five different locations in Mexico, the volume provides an insightful, analytically rigorous and moving depiction of migrants' tangled, dangerous, and uncertain journeys.


Advanced and Practical Enum usage in Swift
Generic Enums
released Fri, 01 Mar 2019
Swift Version 5.0
Generic Enums
Enums can also be defined over generic parameters. You'd use them to adapt the associated values of an enum. The simplest example comes straight from the Swift standard library, namely the Optional type. You probably mostly use it with optional chaining (?), if let, guard let, or switch, but syntactically you can also use Optionals like so:
let aValue = Optional<Int>.some(5)
let noValue = Optional<Int>.none
if noValue == Optional.none { print("No value") }
This is the direct usage of an Optional without any of the syntactic sugar that Swift adds in order to make your life a tremendous amount easier. If you look at the code above, you can probably guess that internally the Optional is defined as follows 1:
// Simplified implementation of Swift's Optional
enum MyOptional<T> {
 case some(T)
 case none
}
What's special here is, that the enum's associated values take the type of the generic parameter T, so that optionals can be built for any kind you wish to return.
Enums can have multiple generic parameters. Take the well-known Either type which is not part of Swift's standard library but implemented in many open source libraries as well as prevalent in other functional programming languages like Haskell or F#. The idea is that instead of just returning a value or no value (née Optional) you'd return either one of two different values.
For example, if you parse user input, the user could enter a name or a number, in that case the type of Either would be Either<String, Int>.
enum Either<T1, T2> {
 case left(T1)
 case right(T2)
}
Finally, all the type constraints that work on classes and structs in Swift also work on enums. Here, we have a type Bag that is either empty or contains an array of elements. Those elements have to be Equatable.
enum Bag<T: Sequence> where T.Iterator.Element==Equatable {
 case empty
 case full(contents: [T)]
}


text:
Jamieson Brothers Granular Calcified Seaweed 25kg
Buy 1£25.19 £20.99
Buy 5£22.67 £18.89Save £2.52Buy 10£21.41 £17.84Save £3.78
OverviewGranular Calcified Seaweed 25kg - JBA
Natural soil and lawn conditioner.
Breaks down heavy soils. Improves soil structure, promoting stronger roots and vigourous plant growth.
Neutralises acid soils and is rich in minerals.
Breaks down heavy soils and improves soil structure. Promotes stronger root systems and vigorous plant growth. Only needs to applied once every three years
Calcified Seaweed works by breaking down heavy soils and encourages the development of beneficial micro-organisms. It improves the soil structure with nutrients and trace elements, helping plants to grow stronger root systems leading to healthier and more vigorous plant growth. Rich in minerals Calcified Seaweed can also be used as a lawn dressing early in Spring.
This product should not be used around ericaceous (acid-loving) plants.
Use at 60-75g per square metre.


text:
In queueing theory, a discipline within the mathematical theory of probability, traffic equations are equations that describe the mean arrival rate of traffic, allowing the arrival rates at individual nodes to be determined. Mitrani notes "if the network is stable, the traffic equations are valid and can be solved.":125
In a Jackson network, the mean arrival rate at each node i in the network is given by the sum of external and internal arrivals. If external arrivals have rate and the routing matrix[clarification needed] is P, the traffic equations are, (for i = 1, 2,..., m)
This can be written in matrix form as
and there is a unique solution of unknowns to this equation, so the mean arrival rates at each of the nodes can be determined given knowledge of the external arrival rates and the matrix P. The matrix I − P is surely non-singular as otherwise in the long run the network would become empty.
In a Gordon–Newell network there are no external arrivals, so the traffic equations take the form (for i = 1, 2,..., m)