text:
Sometimes one needs to simulate a Poisson point process on a disk. I know I often do. A disk or disc, depending on your spelling preference, is isotropic or rotationally-invariant, so a lot of my simulations of a Poisson point process happen in a circular simulation window when I am considering such a setting. For example, maybe you want to consider a single wireless receiver in a Poisson network of wireless transmitters, which only cares about the distance to a transmitter. Alternatively, maybe you want to randomly sprinkle a virtual cake. What to do? A Poisson point process on a disk is the answer.
I will simulate a Poisson point process with intensity \(\lambda>0\) on a disk with radius \(r>0\). The simulation steps are very similar to those in the previous post where I simulated a homogeneous Poisson point process on a rectangle, and I suggest going back to that post if you are not familiar with the material. The main difference between simulation on a rectangle and a disk is the positioning of the points, but first we'll look at the number of points.
Number of points
The number of points of a Poisson point process falling within a circle of radius \(r>0\) is a Poisson random variable with mean \(\lambda A\), where \(A=\pi r^2\) is the area of the disk. As in the rectangular case, this is the most complicated part of the simulation procedure. But as long as your preferred programming language can produce (pseudo-)random numbers according to a Poisson distribution, you can simulate a homogeneous Poisson point process on a disk.
To do this in MATLAB, use the poissrnd function with the argument \(\lambda A\). In R, it is done similarly with the standard function rpois. In Python, we can use either the scipy.stats.poisson or numpy.random.poisson function from the SciPy or NumPy libraries.
Locations of points
We need to position all the points randomly and uniformly on a disk. In the case of the rectangle, we worked in Cartesian coordinates. It is then natural that we now work in polar coordinates. I'll denote the angular and radial coordinate respectively by \(\theta\) and \(\rho\). To generate the random angular (or \(\theta\)) values, we simply produce uniform random variables between zero and one, which is what all standard (pseudo-)random number generators do in programming languages. But we then multiply all these numbers by \(2\pi\), meaning that all the numbers now fall between \(0\) and \(2\pi\).
To generate the random radial (or \(\rho\)) values, a reasonable guess would be to do the same as before and generate uniform random variables between zero and one, and then multiply them by the disk radius \(r\). But that would be wrong.
Before multiplying uniform random variables by the radius, we must take the square root of all the random numbers. We then multiply them by the radius, generating random variables between \(0\) and \(r\). (We must take the square root because the area element of a sector or disk is proportional to the radius squared, and not the radius.) These random numbers do not have a uniform distribution, due to the square root, but in fact their distribution is an example of the triangular distribution, which is defined with three real-valued parameters \(a\), \(b\) and \(c\), and for our case, set \(a=0\) and \(b=c=r\).
In summary, if \(U\) and \(V\) are two independent uniform random variables on \((0,1)\), then random point located uniformly on a disk of radius \(r\) has the polar coordinates \((r\sqrt(U), 2\pi V)\).
From polar to Cartesian coordinates
That's it. We have generated polar coordinates for points randomly and uniformly located in a disk. But to plot the points, often we have to convert coordinates back to Cartesian form. This is easily done in MATLAB with the pol2cart function. In languages without such a function, trigonometry comes to the rescue: \(x=\rho\cos(\theta)\) and \(y=\rho\sin(\theta)\).
Equal x and y axes
Sometimes the plotted points more resemble points on an ellipse than a disk due to the different scaling of the x and y axes. To fix this in MATLAB, run the command: axis square. In Python, set axis('equal') in your plot; see this page for a demonstration.
I'll now give some code in MATLAB, R and Python, which you can see are all very similar
%Simulation window parameters r=1; %radius of disk xx0=0; yy0=0; %centre of disk areaTotal=pi*r^2; %area of disk %Point process parameters lambda=100; %intensity (ie mean density) of the Poisson process %Simulate Poisson point process numbPoints=poissrnd(areaTotal*lambda);%Poisson number of points theta=2*pi*(rand(numbPoints,1)); %angular coordinates rho=r*sqrt(rand(numbPoints,1)); %radial coordinates %Convert from polar to Cartesian coordinates [xx,yy]=pol2cart(theta,rho); %x/y coordinates of Poisson points %Shift centre of disk to (xx0,yy0) xx=xx+xx0; yy=yy+yy0; %Plotting scatter(xx,yy); xlabel('x');ylabel('y'); axis square;
Note: it is a bit tricky to write "<-" in the R code (as it automatically changes to the html equivalent in the HTML editor I am using), so I have usually used "=" instead of the usual "<-".
_TAG_ window parameters r=1; _TAG_ of disk xx0=0; yy0=0; _TAG_ of disk areaTotal=pi*r^2; _TAG_ of disk _TAG_ process parameters lambda=100; _TAG_ (ie mean density) of the Poisson process _TAG_ Poisson point process numbPoints=rpois(1,areaTotal*lambda);_TAG_ number of points theta=2*pi*runif(numbPoints);_TAG_ of Poisson points rho=r*sqrt(runif(numbPoints));_TAG_ coordinates of Poisson points _TAG_ from polar to Cartesian coordinates xx=rho*cos(theta); yy=rho*sin(theta); _TAG_ centre of disk to (xx0,yy0) xx=xx+xx0; yy=yy+yy0; _TAG_ par(pty="s") plot(xx,yy,'p',xlab='x',ylab='y',col='blue');
Of course, with the amazing spatial statistics library spatstat, simulating a Poisson point process in R is even easier.
library("spatstat"); _TAG_ spatial statistics library _TAG_ Poisson "point pattern" object ppPoisson=rpoispp(lambda,win=disc(radius=r,centre=c(xx0,yy0))) plot(ppPoisson); _TAG_ point pattern object _TAG_ x/y values from point pattern object xx=ppPoisson$x; yy=ppPoisson$y;
Actually, you can even do it all in two lines: one for loading the spatstat library and one for creating and plotting the point pattern object.
Note: "lambda" is a reserved word in Python (and other languages), so I have used "lambda0" instead.
import numpy as np; _TAG_ package for arrays, random number generation, etc import matplotlib.pyplot as plt _TAG_ plotting _TAG_ window parameters r=1; _TAG_ of disk xx0=0; yy0=0; _TAG_ of disk areaTotal=np.pi*r**2; _TAG_ of disk _TAG_ process parameters lambda0=100; _TAG_ (ie mean density) of the Poisson process _TAG_ Poisson point process numbPoints = np.random.poisson(lambda0*areaTotal);_TAG_ number of points theta=2*np.pi*np.random.uniform(0,1,numbPoints); _TAG_ coordinates rho=r*np.sqrt(np.random.uniform(0,1,numbPoints)); _TAG_ coordinates _TAG_ from polar to Cartesian coordinates xx = rho * np.cos(theta); yy = rho * np.sin(theta); _TAG_ centre of disk to (xx0,yy0) xx=xx+xx0; yy=yy+yy0; _TAG_ plt.scatter(xx,yy, edgecolor='b', facecolor='none', alpha=0.5 ); plt.xlabel("x"); plt.ylabel("y"); plt.axis('equal');
The third edition of the classic book Stochastic Geometry and its Applications by Chiu, Stoyan, Kendall and Mecke details on page 54 how to uniformly place points on a disk, which they call the radial way. The same simulation section appears in the previous edition by Stoyan, Kendall and Mecke (Chiu didn't appear as an author until the current edition), though these books in general have little material on simulation methods. There is the book Spatial Point Patterns: Methodology and Applications with R written by spatial statistics experts Baddeley, Rubak and Turner, which covers the spatial statistics (and point process simulation) R-package spatstat.


2012-08-06
Merge Right
The so-called master-transaction update is one of the, if not the defining algorithms of the discipline formerly known as "data processing". Given two sorted files of records with increasing keys, the process applies each record in the transaction file to each record of the the master file and outputs the result, if any, to the updated master file in one pass over each input. The same algorithm can compute the union, intersection or difference of sorted sequences. For instance, the union of two sets represented as sorted lists of unique elements is:
let union =
 let rec go l r = match l, r with
 | [], xs | xs, [] -> xs
 | x :: xs, y :: ys ->
 match compare x y with
 | -1 -> x :: go xs (y :: ys)
 | 0 -> x :: go xs ys
 | 1 -> y :: go (x :: xs) ys
 | _ -> assert false
 in go
Intersection is:
let inter =
 let rec go l r = match l, r with
 | [], _ | _, [] -> []
 | x :: xs, y :: ys ->
 match compare x y with
 | -1 -> go xs (y :: ys)
 | 0 -> x :: go xs ys
 | 1 -> go (x :: xs) ys
 | _ -> assert false
 in go
while difference is:
let diff =
 let rec go l r = match l, r with
 | [], _ | _, [] -> l
 | x :: xs, y :: ys ->
 match compare x y with
 | -1 -> x :: go xs (y :: ys)
 | 0 -> go xs ys
 | 1 -> go (x :: xs) ys
 | _ -> assert false
 in go
And so on. The three functions use the same underlying merge schemata; what varies is the operation to perform in each of the five possible cases:
 1. The left sequence is nil
 2. The right sequence is nil
 3. The next element in the left sequence is less than the next element in the right sequence
 4. The next element in the left sequence is equal to the next element in the right sequence
 5. The next element in the left sequence is greater than the next element in the right sequence
The question is, then, how many set operations can the merge algorithm implement? These five cases partition both input sequences in disjoint sets such that the output sequence is the natural merge of zero or more of them. For example, processing the sets { 1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8 } ⋈ { 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 9 } results in the following steps:
LNRNLTEQGTArguments
1 { 1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8 } ⋈ { 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10 }
2{ 3, 4, 6, 7, 8 } ⋈ { 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10 }
3 { 3, 4, 6, 7, 8 } ⋈ { 3, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10 }
4 { 4, 6, 7, 8 } ⋈ { 5, 6, 8, 9, 10 }
5{ 6, 7, 8 } ⋈ { 5, 6, 8, 9, 10 }
6 { 6, 7, 8 } ⋈ { 6, 8, 9, 10 }
7 { 7, 8 } ⋈ { 8, 9, 10 }
8 { 8 } ⋈ { 9, 10 }
9,10∅ ⋈ { 9, 10 }
Abstracting away the operations to perform in each of these five cases we have the following schema:
let merge ln rn lt eq gt : 'a list -> 'a list -> 'a list =
 let rec go l r = match l, r with
 | [], ys -> ln ys
 | xs, [] -> rn xs
 | x :: xs, y :: ys ->
 match compare x y with
 | -1 -> lt x (go xs (y :: ys))
 | 0 -> eq x (go xs ys )
 | 1 -> gt y (go (x :: xs) ys )
 | _ -> assert false
 in go
Both ln and rn must decide what to do with the remaining list and so have type α list → α list, while lt, eq and gt must decide what to do with the element in consideration and so have type αα list → α list; thus the type of merge is (α list → α list) → (α list → α list) → (αα list → α list) → (αα list → α list) → (αα list → α list) → α list → α list → α list. The operations on the remainder either pass it unchanged or return nil, while the operations on the next element either add it to the output sequence or not:
let self xs = xs
and null _ = []
and cons x xs = x :: xs
and tail _ xs = xs
(some of these have well-known names in functional programming, but here I choose to use these neat, four-letter ones.) With the proviso that the output sequence must be increasing these four functions exhaust the possibilities by parametricity; otherwise, duplications and rearrangements would satisfy the parametric signature. Now union, intersection and difference are simply:
let union l r = merge self self cons cons cons l r
and inter l r = merge null null tail cons tail l r
and diff l r = merge null self cons tail tail l r
It is obvious that the question I posed above is answered as 25 = 32 possible set operations obtainable by varying each of the five operations. The next question is, then, what are these 32 operations? Let me characterize each of the five sets ln, rn, lt, eq and gt. The easiest one is eq, as it obviously is the intersection of both sets:
eq(A, B) = A ∩ B
By substitution in merge it is possible to show that ln(A, B) = rn(B, A) and vice versa; hence just one set expression suffices. The merge ends with rn for every element in A that is greater than every element in B, as the latter were included in the comparison sets; and conversely for ln. Hence:
ln(A, B) = B / A ≡ ⟨S y : B : ⟨∀ x : A : y > x⟩⟩
rn(A, B) = A / B ≡ ⟨S x : A : ⟨∀ y : B : x > y⟩⟩
(read A / B as "A over B"). All three sets are pairwise disjoint, since A / B ⊆ A and A / B ∩ B = ∅, and conversely, by construction.
The two remaining sets are also symmetric in the sense that lt(A, B) = gt(B, A) but are more difficult to characterize. My first attempt was to think of each element in A as being processed in turn and put into lt(A, B) just when strictly less than all the elements in B against which it could be matched, namely lt(A, B) = ⟨S x : A : x < ⟨min y : B : x ≤ y⟩⟩. The condition can be simplified with a bit of equational reasoning:
 x∈A ∧ x < ⟨min y : B : x ≤ y⟩
≡ { GLB }
 x∈A ∧ ⟨∀ y : y∈B ∧ x ≤ y : x < y⟩⟩
≡ { Trading }
 x∈A ∧ ⟨∀ y : y∈B : x > y ∨ x < y⟩⟩
≡ { Trichotomy }
 x∈A ∧ ⟨∀ y : y∈B : x ≠ y⟩⟩
≡
 x∈A ∧ x∉B
In other words, A − B. The problem is that, since the quantification over an empty set is trivially true, this set is too big as it includes the respective remainder; that is to say A / B ⊆ A − B as I showed above. To preserve disjointness I define:
lt(A, B) = A − B − A / B
gt(A, B) = B − A − B / A
In a Venn diagram, these five sets are:
Venn diagram of the five component sets
So by including or excluding one of the five components depending on the function passed to each of the five operations, the 32 set operations achievable by merge are:
Venn diagrams for all 32 set operations
Or in tabular form:
NlnrnlteqgtFunction
0selfselfconsconsconsA∪B
1selfselfconsconstailA B/A
2selfselfconstailconsA∆B
3selfselfconstailtailA−BB/A
4selfselftailconsconsB A/B
5selfselftailconstailA∩BB/AA/B
6selfselftailtailconsB−AA/B
7selfselftailtailtail B/AA/B
8selfnull


Individuals who own real property maintain a number of rights with regard to that ownership. One of these rights is to convey what is known as a life estate to another person. A life estate is created by the person owning the property (sometimes known as the "grantor"), given to the recipient ("grantee").
Typically, the property is given for the remainder of the grantee's lifetime. When the grantee dies, the property reverts back to the grantor.
How is a Life Estate Created?
The requirements for life estate creation are simple. The grantor must create a written document. In the document, the grantor indicates they are conveying the property for the length of someone else's life. Generally, the writing takes the form of the following language: "I, Smith, convey my real property to Jones for life." The writing, whose exact language requirements may differ between states, is typically contained in a deed or a will
How is the Length of a Life Estate Measured?
The most common type of life estate (the one created by word such as "To Jones for life,") is measured by the recipient's life. When Jones (the life tenant) dies, Smith has the right of reversion. That is, upon Jones' death, the property reverts back to Smith. If, at that point, Smith is dead, the property goes to Smith's heirs.
Some life estates are known as life estates pur autre vie. "Pur autre vie" means "by someone else's life." These life estates are created, again, by a grantor conveying the property to another, i.e., "To A," but A's lifetime is not the "measuring stick" for how long A holds the life estate. Rather, another person's lifetime is. A life estate pur autre vie typically reads, "I, Smith, convey the property to Jones for the life of Green."
Therefore, it is when Green dies, not when Jones dies, that Jones' life estate terminates. At that time, the property reverts to Smith. Green, in this scenario, is referred to as the "measuring life," because Green's life serves as the measurement of the duration of Jones' life estate.
What are the Obligations of a Life Tenant?
A life tenant, during the duration of the life estate, is generally entitled to all uses and profits from the land. Since, however, the life tenant does not have any rights to transfer the property when the life tenant dies, the life tenant may not commit waste. There are three kinds of waste. The first is referred to as voluntary or affirmative waste. This is any act that causes the property to lose value.
A life tenant may also generally not commit "permissive waste". That is, the life tenant may not neglect the obligation to keep the premises in reasonably good repair.
There is a third type of waste, known as "ameliorative waste". To commit ameliorative waste is to engage in acts that will enhance the property's value. The rules on ameliorative waste differ between states. Some states require that any property changes may only be made with the consent of the grantor or anyone else who may have an interest in the property.
Other states are more lenient. In these states, the life tenant can make reasonable improvements, provided the grantor or anyone else with an interest in the estate ("remaindermen") do not object.
In addition to the duties to not commit waste, the life tenant has other duties. Generally, these duties include ensuring all ordinary taxes on the land are paid, to the extent of income or profits from the land. The life tenant's duties also include ensuring that real estate taxes are paid, and protecting the property from liens or other encumbrances. These obligations exist so that the rights of those who will own the property subsequent to the life tenant's ownership, are not impaired.
How is a Life Estate Terminated?
A life estate can be terminated upon the death of the tenant. In a pur autre vie life estate, the estate terminates upon the death of the measuring life.
Life estates can also be cut short. This can happen in several ways, such as:
 - The life tenant commits impermissible waste;
 - The life tenant violates a condition attached to the life estate. Grantors may attach written conditions to the conveyance of a life estate, provided the conditions are not unlawful. For example, a life estate conveyance may read, "To Jones for life, provided Jones keeps the inground swimming pool located on the premises in good repair." Here, Joe has a life estate, and will maintain that life estate, so long as Jones abides by the condition.
Should I Seek Legal Counsel Regarding a Life Estate?
An experienced real estate lawyer can advise you as to how to create a life estate by helping to draft the needed documents. The lawyer can also advise you if you are a life tenant, as to your rights and obligations with respect to the property.


text:
Skip to Main Content
Power electronic modules (PEMs) are widely used in aerospace and automotive applications where high reliability is essential. Solder joint fatigue is one of the major failure mechanisms in PEMs, a reliability assessment method for this failure mechanism is presented in this paper. Differing from the traditional reliability prediction methods, this approach allows the reliability performance of PEMs to be assessed in real time. Firstly, a compact thermo-mechanical model of the solder interconnect was constructed using both high-fidelity and reduced order computer modeling, it was then integrated with the lifetime model of the solder joint. Secondly, a real time compact electro-thermal model was developed using both experimental and computer modeling techniques, and was used to predict the temperatures of device junctions, interfaces... etc. that cannot ordinarily be measured during service. Using the above two compact models the lifetime consumption of the solder interconnect in PEMs under service conditions can be calculated based on the linear damage rule. A demonstration of this reliability assessment method is also given at the end of this paper.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
Archer and NASA sign Space Act Agreement
Archer has signed a Space Act Agreement with NASA to safety test the battery cells which will power its aircraft Midnight.
The agreement begins with a project focused on high-performance battery cells with advanced air mobility (AAM) and space use cases, like Archer's Midnight. Conducted at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), tests will address areas such as avoiding side wall rupture and defining cell design factors that improve longevity and robustness regardless of flight conditions. Overall the joint effort will provide validation of 21,700 battery cells, according to sources close to the deal. That is enough for about three aircraft as one Midnight holds six battery packs each containing more than 1,000 cells.
"We're extremely proud to partner with NASA, who has pioneered the eVTOL industry over the last three-plus decades, in support of our collective mission to ensure US leadership in aerospace continues for decades to come," said Adam Goldstein, Archer's Founder and CEO. "Many countries around the world are challenging the US in this new era of flight and our country is at risk of losing its global leadership position unless we work together, government and industry, to ensure we seize the moment and pioneer this new era of aviation technology, which stands to benefit all Americans."
NASA said its goal is to test Archer's battery cell and system design and share the results to push the AAM industry forward as a whole. The battery cell form factor Archer has gone for, a cylindrical cell, has a track record of safety, performance and scalability proven through decades of volume manufacturing, it said. Whilst not aviation-specific, the cylindrical cell form factor is used in many applications, including millions of electric vehicles.
Reacting to the news on social media, Mark Moore CEO Whisper Aero said: "NASA was the first in developing eVTOL's technology foundation in 2006 through bold efforts like Puffin, GL-10, LeapTech and X-57. Now industry leads the next stage to commercialise and get this new transportation capability into the public.
"Really proud to see private-public partnerships promote a commitment to the highest level of safety. Midnight's battery team is simply amazing and I am bought into their proven cylindrical cell approach as being the safest and most balanced approach to battery electric aviation," he added.


text:
Java project with 3D design
This project received 5 bids from talented freelancers with an average bid price of $170 USD.Get free quotes for a project like this
Project Budget$30 - $250 USD
Create a Java application that simulates a minimum of 3 spheres moving through a frictionless environment with gravity. The environment should be a confined cube area for the spheres to collide and respond to collisions. The application must display the positions of the spheres in real time. In addition, the 3D vector position of each sphere should be saved once every second for future plotting and simulation replay. The initial position and velocity for each sphere should be random, but constrained, each time the application is run. The camera should be positioned to see the entire cube environment, but it does not have to be adjustable by the user.? Building on this, you expand the environment to include at least four cubes joined together (in a pattern other than just a larger cube). The direction of gravity should change to a new random direction every 5-10 seconds. The replay file should now include information on the position and velocity of each sphere, as well as the current direction of gravity. The camera should initially be positioned to see the entire environment, as before, but the user should now also be able to move it and rotate the viewing direction.??
What to submit:??
* All the source code for your game.?
* A compiled JAR or executable file.?
* Test suite data and description along with the results for the test.?
* A text file briefly describing how to run and play your game.??
Looking to make some money?
- Set your budget and the timeframe
- Outline your proposal
- Get paid for your work
Hire Freelancers who also bid on this project
Looking for work?
Work on projects like this and make money from home!Sign Up Now
- The New York Times
- Wall Street Journal
- Times Online


Colour selection for your garden
Designing your garden is an art. Like any good painting, you must plan it out, with a view to balance, colour and lines. Today, we are going to learn about colour selection for gardeners, using a garden of frangipanis as a case study.
Before you start purchasing plants and dumping them in your garden, you need to settle on a colour scheme. There are a handful of ways to pick a colour scheme that is pleasing to the eye, yet there are easily hundreds of ways to make a colour scheme that is an awful mess.
First, think about how many colours you want. We are going to consider the colours of frangipanis as an example. Frangipanis come in pink, red, orange, yellow and white (as well as combinations of the abovebut this is a topic we will reserve for a future, more advanced lesson). Notice how we have arranged red, orange, yellow and white in order. Pink is an odd case; it is not a colour of the rainbow, rather it is a light, undersaturated red. You may notice white is also not a colour of the rainbow, but it is the colour you get when you combine an entire rainbow together.
Now, you can either pick colours which are next to each other, or you can skip entire sections of the colour wheel. There are many places online where you can actually make a perfect designer colour scheme, but you can also do it on your own.
If you are planting frangipanis, consider how many different colours you want. One colour is boring, so go with two, three or four. Five is too many.
Then, choose colours which are next to each other, such as red and orange; or skip alternative colours, such as by choosing red and yellow.
Translating this in terms of frangipanis, you could plant a pink frangipani, lulus blood for instance, with a white frangipani. Remember, colour selection for gardeners is about rules, not unfettered creativity.


Tag Archives: sorting
Riak 1.4: Secondary Indexes
July 11, 2013
To learn more about what's new in Riak 1.4, sign up for our webcast on July 12th at 11am PT/2pm ET
With the introduction of Riak 1.4, Basho offers developers new ways to leverage secondary indexes (often referred to as 2i). This is a short review of what they are and what has been added.
Secondary indexes in Riak
Values in Riak are treated as opaque, although optional add-ons such as Riak Search and Yokozuna can index the contents.
With two of the supported storage backends (LevelDB and Memory), developers can add their own indexes for querying. These can be numeric or string values, matched as exact values or ranges, and can have as much or as little to do with the stored value as the developer wishes.
Primary key lookups will always be the fastest way to retrieve values from Riak, but 2i is a useful way to label and retrieve data.
What has changed with Riak 1.4?
Previously, results from 2i queries were presented as a comprehensive list of unordered keys. Depending on the size of the result set, this could be awkward (or impossible) for a client application to handle.
With 1.4, the following features have been added:
 - Pagination and streaming are available on request.
 - Results are now sorted: first by index value, then by keys.
 - If requested as part of a range query, the matched index value will be returned alongside each key.
2i illustrated
Here is an example of a range query via HTTP. Pagination is specified via max_results=5 and the return of matched index values via return_terms=true.
In this case we are querying a small Twitter firehose data set; each tweet was added to Riak with nested hashtag values as indexes. The query is designed to match hashtags in the range ri (inclusive) to ru (exclusive).
Requested URL:
http://localhost:10018/buckets/tweets/index/hashtags_bin/ri/ru?max_results=5&return_terms=true
JSON results:
{
"continuation": "g2gCbQAAAAdyaXBqYWtlbQAAABIzNDkyMjA2ODcwNTcxMjk0NzM=",
"results": [
{
"rice": "349222574510710785"
},
{
"rickross": "349222868095217664"
},
{
"ridelife": "349221819552763905"
},
{
"ripjake": "349220649341952001"
},
{
"ripjake": "349220687057129473"
}
]
}
The continuation value is necessary to retrieve the next page of results, and as expected the results are sorted by index value and key.
Where to find more information?
Basho's docs site has been updated for 1.4:
John R. Daily


Listen carefully,
the universe beckons
In this beautiful intricate phenomenon,
Come, grow with me as time moves on
Universe is a gorgeous new collection for the autumn 2019 by Kristian Saarikorpi that was no more or less inspired by the universe itself. The spiral shape occurring in nature, that can be found in flowers and pine cones as well as in galaxies has always enthralled Kristian. Therefore, Kristian wanted to bring his own interpretation of the powers guiding the whole universe into the world of jewellery, and this interpretation was the start of Universe. The pieces of the Universe collection have a cracked rock crystal in the centre of them and they have been produced using 3D printing technique.


Advantages & Disadvantages Of Mechanical Keyboard: Explained
Advantages And Disadvantages Of Mechanical Keyboard
Whether it is about their precision-engineered keycaps or their high-end switches, mechanical gaming keyboards have turned the spotlight towards them lately.
The market is witnessing new varieties of space-saving designs from this keyboard niche to take the gaming experience to an elite level.
Some brands even go one step forward to offer durable metal construction coupled with crystal clear uniform backlighting to dominate their presence in the gaming market.
However, amongst all these hypes, intelligent users don't forget to question the real worth of these mechanical keyboards.
The forums are getting flooded with queries on these keyboards durability under tough gaming conditions.
Indeed mechanical keyboards cost way more than standard keyboardsthat put first-time buyers even in more difficult situations while choosing the right one.
So, let's ease this out. Let's have a basic understanding of what these keyboards are, and some pros and cons further to address your concerns.
What is a Mechanical Keyboard?
Mechanical keyboards use physical mechanisms to operate. While membrane keyboards use rubber-domes beneath the keys, mechanical keyboards include spring-attached mechanical switches.
When you press a key, the spring touches the circuit, which signals the circuit to register a keystroke.
Alternatively, in membrane keyboards, you will find a rubber dome beneath the keys.
Since both keyboards consist of the same type of keycaps, you might not recognize the difference with bare eyes.
However, if you use them, you can clearly feel the immaculate difference between them both.
Mechanical keyboards come with varieties, all targeted to the specific use of the user.
Linear Switches
Linear Switche
Keyboard with linear switches simply goes up and down, without generating any clicky noise or feedback.
It allows you to reach faster actuation with smooth keystrokes with each keypress. For gaming, you can go for them.
Tactile Switches
Tactile Switche
Keyboard with tactile switches makes you feel a noticeable bump on your finger when you press a key.
The bumpy feeling helps you get the idea that your device has registered a key. Moreover, it also helps in limiting bottoms out.
For examplewhen you use membrane keys, you have to press more to register a key. Pressing a key too hard makes them bottom out, leading to technical issues.
Since tactile switches register keystrokes faster, such issues never usually occur in mechanical keyboards.
Clicky Switches
Clicky Switche
Such switches offer the same benefits as tactile switches plus offering a unique clicky sound when activated. The click sound is an extra addition to the tactile feedback.
Meaning, you get more response to a keypress, leading to more accuracy in typing and gaming.
Apart from technical differences, you will have other variances in mechanical keyboards like wired/wireless, tenkeyless, detachable wrist rests, and many more.
Advantages of Mechanical Keyboard
1. Better typing and gaming performance
Any professional programmer or gamer will surely prefer mechanical keyboards in terms of speed and precision.
Usually, in a membrane keyboard, you need to reach at least 4mm of actuation point to register a keypress.
However, in mechanical keyboards, the number goes down to less than 2 mm. With such advantages of a mechanical keyboard, you have to apply less pressure to achieve accuracy.
Therefore, once you get familiar with the new mechanism of a mechanical keyboard, you can type twice as fast in the long run.
The actuation force used to register a key in membrane keyboards is usually lower than mechanical keyboards.
However, as we mentioned earlier, the actuation point in the membrane remains twice as higher as mechanical ones.
As a result, in membrane keyboards, you have to apply more pressure to register a key, which messes up the whole ergonomics.
Therefore, people working with rubber dome keyboards often end up with finger fatigue within a small duration.
2. Customizable
Typing style of a person varies from person to person. For examplePeople with big fingers tend to make typing errors compare to people with smaller hands.
However, this rule does not apply to everyone. Therefore, manufacturers of mechanical keyboards allow you to customize your keyboard according to your typing style, hand size, and force you utilize while typing.
i. Scenario 1: Big hands – Many Misclicks
If you have big hands and often make typing mistakes, then you can go for keyboards with activation points higher than 2mm. Actually, the farther you keep the activation point, the more you have to press to activate the key.
Also, make sure the operation force of the keyboard remains 55cN or higher. This works great if you tend to apply more pressure while typing.
In other words, you have to put slightly more pressure to activate a key, which helps you avoid misclicks.
You might be thinkingwhy not go for membrane keyboards as they provide higher actuation points. In reality, a higher activation point alone cannot help you reduce your misclicks, you also need a keyboard that accommodates heavy operating force.
Since membrane keyboards contain rubber domes and lightweight bodies, they simply cannot withstand heavy operating force in the long run.
ii. Scenario 2: Big hands – light typing habit
If you have large hands but type lighter, then you can enhance your typing speed and accuracy by switching to mechanical keyboards with activation points around 1.4 or higher.
Considering your light typing skills, we can assume that you have already learned how to control the strength of your fingers. Therefore, you can restrict the operating force from 55 to 75 cN.
Also, as a light typing, the chance of the key's bottom out remains minimal. You have the natural tendency to identify the bump during keypress and move to the next key. Therefore, you can go for tactile or clicky switches.
iii. Scenario 3: Small to medium size hands – Bottoms out
If you have small to medium-size hands, but still face bottoms out issues, then consider buying speed switches. These switches are great for gaming as well as for typing. These switches come with a short activation point, enabling the device to register keypress faster than ever.
iv. Scenario 4: Heavy smashers
If you love or can't help but put excessive pressure on keyboards, then simply go for mechanical keyboards with an operating force higher than 75cN.
3. Economical In The Long Run
With membrane keyboards, you cannot make such critical customization. However, with mechanical keyboards you can remove your key switches and replace them with other switches in the future.
For exampleif a key of your mechanical keyboard stops working after a few years, then you don't have to throw the whole thing away. You just have to buy a new key, pull the old key, and replace it with the new key. This is also beneficial in cases where you want to upgrade the tactile force and actuation force of your keyboard.
4. Durable
Apart from offering a 50 – 100 keystrokes lifecycle, mechanical keyboards come with a highly durable build and superior technology.
Most mechanical keyboards feature heavy-duty materials like ABS and aircraft-grade anodized aluminum. In addition to that, mechanical keyboards also include advanced dust-proof and spill-resistant features that add a few more years to it.
5. Anti-Ghosting property
The Anti-ghosting technology is among the top advantages of mechanical keyboards you will receive as a programmer/gamer. If you do not know, ghosting refers to the process when your keyboard fails to recognize a few keys when you press them together.
Such circumstances often occur when you type faster. With anti-ghosting, you get more precision with typing, leading to fewer typing errors. Besides, mechanical keyboards offer super durability as they often come with a hard metal, dust-proof and spill-resistant body.
Disadvantages of Mechanical Keyboard
Every product comes with some downside and mechanical keyboards are no exception.
1. A bit loud
If you are using a mechanical keyboard for the first time, then you might feel distracted by the noise. Most mechanical keyboards such as tactile and clicky switches often can be a bit louder than other keyboards. If you cannot bear the noise, you can go for silent models or use O-rings to decrease the sound.
2. Heavy
Any keyboard with a durable body and mechanical key switches will feel heavy on the hands. However, considering its lightning-fast response, you would hardly feel the weight, unless you decide to keep the keyboard on your lap instead.
3. Expensive
Mechanical keyboards are usually expensive when compared to membrane keyboards. Any good quality keyboard with a durable body, RGB lighting, and genuine MX switches will cost you $100 at a minimum. Meanwhile, you will also find some quality mechanical keyboards under $40.
How long do mechanical keyboards last?
A mechanical keyboard lasts around 10 years on average. However, the longevity of a mechanical keyboard completely depends upon your usage rate and maintenance. Generally, a mechanical keyboard comes with a life of around 50-100 million keystrokes, which counts as 10-20 times a regular membrane keyboard.
Several factors come to play while deciding the lifecycle of a mechanical keyboard. However, the major factor behind a long-lasting mechanical keyboard remains its strong key switches. For exampleeach key switch stays independent of each other, unlike the rubber dome from the membrane keyboard.
Most mechanical keyboards are repairable & upgradable, which means, with regular maintenance you can enhance its lifecycle even further.
Is a mechanical keyboard better for programming?
In one word, yes, mechanical keyboards offer the best programming experience you will ever have. Whether it's due to lack of marketing or too much focus on the gaming industry, most people consider mechanical keyboards as a gaming device. However, to bust the myth


text:
I'd like to have the same keyboard shortcuts in all the terminals I use. Since they don't have the same *nix on them, and since terminals can be very different, I'm looking for a reasonably portable way to get keyboard shortcuts from one *nix terminal (at least supported by a standard Ubuntu 12.04 installation) to other terminals (Bash only).
That is, I'm trying to generate commands in one terminal to execute on another terminal, in order to use the same keyboard shortcuts in the second terminal. Especially things like Alt-Del (delete the word to the right of the cursor) and Ctrl-Left (move the cursor one word to the left), which on some hosts I work on simply prints the escape code instead of performing the expected actions.
This is also meant as a precursor to possibly changing the
.inputrc on the target host. The important points are to be able to
- Figure out which keyboard shortcuts are defined on my local host.
- Figure out whether any commonly used shortcuts are not defined from the remote host.
- Copy the shortcut definitions to the remote host.
- Verify that the shortcuts work as expected on the remote host.
- Be reasonably sure that the shortcuts would also work on a third host, possibly with very old versions of Bash and standard tools like

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Read more information about yacht charter in Germany on the following tabs: About Germany, Germany weather. Get some inspiration from the Germany itineraries tab and start planning your next sailing itinerary, read detailed descriptions of Germany sailing destinations, or read our Germany sailing article.
Find sailing routes in Germany or choose another yacht charter in Atlantic Europe.
Germany is a huge country so it has considerable climate variety. The Northwestern and coastal areas have a maritime influenced climate. In these regions, the summer is warm and the winter mild and cloudy. Being exposed to both mild air masses from the Atlantic Ocean and cold air masses from Russia or the North Pole, Germany's climate can experience remarkable changes.
Being exposed to both mild air masses from the Atlantic Ocean and cold air masses from Russia or the North Pole, Germany's climate can experience remarkable changes. The northern area is slightly milder, but also rainier and windier, because of the influence of the Atlantic Ocean. On the Baltic coast, the climate is similar to that of the North Sea coast. The wind blows less frequently and less intensely. The western region along with the Rhine River corridor is exposed to air masses of Atlantic origin because of the proximity to France.
The German summer brings pleasant temperatures, with highs ranging on average about 21 °C in the northern coast, to 25 °C in the rest of the country. In autumn the weather becomes progressively colder and rainy. In spring, temperatures rise slowly. Winters in Germany are generally mild temperatures of about 1 °C or even higher, but can sometimes be harsh with heavy snowfall and temperatures below zero.
If you want more accurate/detailed information about the weather and wind conditions, select a region from the yacht charter in Germany destinations tab. Please search for the desired holiday destination within the region and you can find the weather tab under the city tab.
Rent a boat in Germany, and cruise around Germany
There are no boats on the list with your parameters?
We have access to a lot more boats than what we have listed on our site.
Send us this form and we will find the perfect boat for you. We offer only boat rentals, 1-day cruises NOT!


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Point And Click
Point and click are the actions of a computer user moving a pointer to a certain location on a screen (pointing) and then pressing a button on a mouse, usually the left button (click), or other pointing device. an example of point and click is in hypermedia, where users click on hyperlinks to navigate from document to document. point and click can be used with any number of input devices varying from mouses, touch pads, keyboards, joysticks, scroll buttons, and roller balls.


text:
20 DRAGON FRUIT / PITAHAYA seeds...
Warning: Last items in stock!
Pitaya, pitahaya or dragon fruit is a cactus cactus of the family Cactaceae.
it is native to Central America, but nowadays it is cultivated everywhere in tropical zone.
Its flowers are huge, they are white with yellow heart, a real wonder.
there is also a variety of yellow pitaya.
The seeds of dragon fruit are black in the shape of a drop of water, they look like those of venus fly trap but in bigger.
The fruit of the red pitaya weighs about 350 grams and measures about ten centimeters.
It is edible, very low in calories, has a thick red skin with small leaves. (like scales)
This cactus looks like virgin vines was imported to Vietnam by French settlers in the early nineteenth century.
In traditional medicine, pitahaya is attributed to many digestive virtues.
100 grams of fruit contain only about 50 calories.
Dragon fruit has many minerals, is rich in vitamins and is a powerful antioxidant for the body as well as wolfberry, jiaogulan or cape gooseberry.
Sowing pitaya seeds:
sow your dragon fruit seeds, in a box of fine potting soil, cover your substrate seeds by only 1 to 2 mm.
Then, spray water reasonably well on the potting soil.
Then place your box in a very warm place at 30 to 35 ° C.
Do not re-water your seedlings until the pitahaya seeds have sprouted! (risk of damping off)
Wait for your dragon fruit plants to make 2 cm before transplanting them into pots separately.
- Cactus really atypical, little spicy.
- Beautiful flowering and unusual fruits.
- Very easy to grow, requires little maintenance.
- Growth relatively fast for a cactus.
Also exists as a plant to grow.
50 SINICUICHI seeds (Heimia salicifolia)
15 INDIAN HEMP seeds (Sida rhombifolia)
20 Petunia violet SHANIN seeds (Petunia violacea)
10 CAT'S CLAW seeds (Uncaria guianensis)
6 ORCHID TREE seeds (Bauhinia purpurea)
10 LICORISE seeds (Glycyrrhiza glabra)
10 JALAPENO PEPPER seeds (Capsicum annuum)
7 SIBERIAN GINSENG seeds (Eleutherococcus...
5 ANAMU seeds (Petiveria alliacea)
30 TASMANIAN BLUE GUM seeds (Eucalyptus globulus)
100 FIREWEED / RUSSIAN TEA seeds (Epilobium...
LEMON VERBENA live plant (Lippia, Aloysia...
5 LYCHEE seeds (Litchi chinensis)
5 SOAPNUT / SOAPBERRY seeds (Sapindus mukorossi)
5 GOLDEN SHOWER TREE seeds (Cassia fistula)
CONGO COCKATOO, PARROT IMPATIENS live plant...
10 SCARLET SAGE seeds (Salvia splendens)
20 BOLIVIAN TORCH seeds (Trichocereus bridgesii...
4 SNAKE GOURD seeds (Trichosanthes cucumerina)
CURLY MINT live plant (Mentha spicata crispa)


How to create frontpage in drupal 7
How do I set the homepage in Drupal?
Drupal 7: Set a Page as Your Site's Homepage
 1. Click Menu in the Administrator bar.
 2. Click Configuration in the Menu bar.
 3. Click Site information in the System category.
 4. Enter the Drupal URL in the Default front page field.
 5. Click Save configuration.
How do I create a front page in Drupal 8?
Assign a Front Page
 1. Create a Home Page Node. Before configuring anything, we need to have a front page node created.
 2. Go to Basic Site Settings. Go to Admin Menu > Configuration > System > Basic Site Settings.
 3. Change Default Front Page to Home. Once on the Basic Site Settings screen:
 4. Click Front Page Button.
 5. New Front Page Added.
What is Page in Drupal?
Pages module allows you to create dynamic pages (nodes) from static text files. It's a simple module, and useful when working with installation profiles. You can get an archive of the pages module here: _URL_ Pages grabs the files from two locations: "files/pages" directory.
What is Promoted to front page Drupal?
Promoting to the first page just shows the title and the first portion of the actual page on the front page, much like a preview. By default, Drupal uses the first 600 characters of the page for the preview, or 'teaser'. Adding more than one will show all pages in the preview format listed vertically on the home page.
What language is used in Drupal?
Is Drupal PHP based?
Drupal/Programming languages
Is Drupal front end or backend?
Drupal (/ˈdruːpəl/) is a free and open-source web content management framework (CMF) written in PHP and distributed under the GNU General Public License. The standard release of Drupal, known as Drupal core, contains basic features common to content-management systems.
Does Drupal require coding?
Think of a Drupal CMS divided into two parts. On one side is the back-end which includes content, data, and anything else you use to directly manage your website. This is the side site visitors never see. On the other side is the frontend, which your user does see and interact with.
Is Drupal hard to learn?
Conceptualizing Drupal as a framework does not require years of programming experience; rather, it simply requires understanding what a "hook" is and finding out whether the one you need exists and already is able to do the thing you want done.
How long does it take to learn Drupal?
Drupal 8 is hard to learn. Or at least this a commonly expressed sentiment amongst both new and experienced Drupal users. To be fair, it's part and parcel for a framework that's infinitely flexible, with a UI that changes per-installation. Being complex isn't necessarily a bad thing.
Is Drupal better than WordPress?
By only requiring a small commitment of time each day (typically 15 to 30 minutes), you are able to slowly learn Drupal no matter how busy your schedule is. But it also has another side benefit A lot of research has gone into how long it takes to build a habit. Some say 21 days, some say 30 days, some say 66 days.
Is Drupal safe?
WordPress is known for being very user-friendly and easy to manage and maintain for non-technical users. This functionality comes out of the box with the various themes and plugins available. While Drupal doesn't have the best reputation when it comes to ease of use, it is possible to build a user-friendly backend.
Is Drupal 7 secure?
Drupal is carefully tested by Drupal experts, and they are keeping it extremely secure. The information is constantly transmitted, passwords are encrypted, the community reviews the modules all these are the reasons that Drupal is one of the safest CMSs in the world.
Why is Drupal better?
Drupal's API and default configuration are designed to be secure when used in their default modes. Issues like injection, cross-site scripting, session management, cross-site request forgeries, and others, all have standard solutions in the Drupal API.
What is the safest CMS?
While WordPress is an excellent CMS, Drupal is often the best choice for complex, content heavy, and high traffic websites, as well as those with large resource libraries and databases. Drupal is extremely powerful, flexible, functional, and secure. In general, Drupal is more suited to large and complex sites.
Which is the best CMS platform?
12 Content Management Systems (CMS) Used by Top Digital Marketing Companies in the USA
 - WordPress. It's the CMS everyone has heard of.
 - Hubspot's Website Platform.
 - Drupal.
 - Joomla!
 - Kentico.
 - Oracle WebCenter Content.
 - Squarespace.
 - Magnolia.
What a good CMS should have?
 1. WordPress. The CMS everyone has heard of. Reasons to buy.
 2. Squarespace. Building a website from scratch has never been easier.
 3. Magnolia. The business focused CMS.
 4. Weebly. A popular solution for building a website in minutes.
 5. Wix. Cloud-based platform which is great for mobile-optimised sites.
 6. Bynder. The CMS for brands.
What is CMS example?
A good CMS allows flexibility and creates opportunities to present content in unique and interesting ways. A CMS system should be flexible enough allow your designers and developers to dictate the look and feel of your site while allowing users that are less skilled to edit, manage and create content easily.
Why do we use CMS?
Examples of the most widely used open source CMS platforms include: WordPress. Joomla. Drupal.
What are the types of CMS?
A content management system (CMS) is an application that is used to manage web content, allowing multiple contributors to create, edit and publish. Content in a CMS is typically stored in a database and displayed in a presentation layer based on a set of templates.
Is Facebook a CMS?
5 Types of Content Management Systems (CMS)
 - Component Content Management System (CCMS)
 - Document Management System (DMS)
 - Enterprise Content Management System (ECM)
 - Web Content Management System (WCMS)
 - Digital Asset Management System (DAM)
What are CMS skills?
Facebook Apps
Our Facebook CMS allows for management of applications within Facebook's environment and on external websites and blogs, which helps improve visibility and performance of online campaigns.


= connection
 @app.call(env)
ensure
 DB.checkin_connection connection
end
Without streaming, it would work as follow:
 1. The server receives a request and passes it down the stack
 2. The request reaches the middleware
 3. The middleware checks out the connection
 4. The application is invoked, renders a view accessing the database using the connection and returns the rendered view as a string
 5. The middleware checks the connection back in
 6. The response is sent back to the client
With streaming, this would happen:
 1. The server receives a request and passes it down the stack
 2. The request reaches the middleware
 3. The middleware checks out the connection
 4. The app is called but does not render anything. Instead it returns a lazy object as response body that will stream the HTML page in chunks as the 'each' method is called
 5. The middleware checks the connection back in
 6. Back in the server, we have received the lazy body and will start to stream it
 7. While streaming the body, since the body is lazily calculated, now is the time it must access the database. But, since the middleware already checked the connection back in, our code will fail with a "not connected" exception
The first reaction to solve this issue is to ensure that all streaming happens inside the application, i.e. the application would have a mechanism to stream the response back and only when it is done it would return the Rack response back. However, if the application does this, any middleware that desires to modify the header or the response body won't be able to do so because the response was already streamed from inside the application.
Our work-around for Rails was to create proxies that wrap the response body:
def call(env)
 connection = DB.checkout_connection
 env["db.connection"] = connection
 response = @app.call(env)
 ResponseProxy.new(response).on_close do
 DB.checkin_connection connection
 end
end
However, this is inefficient and extremely limited (not all middleware can be converted to such approach). In order for streaming to be successful, the underlying server API needs to acknowledge that the headers and the response body can be sent at different times. Not only that, it needs to provide proper callbacks around the response lifecycle (before sending headers, when the response is closed, on each stream, etc).
The trade-off here is that this can no longer be achieved with an easy API as Rack's. In general, we would like to have a response objects that provides several life-cycle hooks. For example, the middleware above could be rewritten as:
def call(request, response)
 connection = DB.checkout_connection
 request.env["db.connection"] = connection
 response.on_close { DB.checkin_connection(connection) }
 @app.call(request, response)
end
The Java Servlet specification is a good example of how request and response objects could be designed to provide such hooks.
Other middleware
In the example above I focused on the database connection middleware but this limitation exists, in one way or the other, in the majority of middleware in a stack. For example, a middleware that rescues any exception inside the application to render a 500 page also needs to be adapted. Other middleware simply won't work. For instance, Rails ships with a middleware that provides an ETag header based on the body which has to be disabled when streaming.
Looking back
Does this mean moving to Rack was a mistake? Not at all. Rack appeared when the web development Ruby community was fragmented and the simplicity of the Rack API made it possible to unify the different web frameworks and web servers available. Looking back, I would take the standardization provided by Rack any day regardless of the limitations it brings. Now that we have a standard, we are already working on addressing such issues, which leads us to…
Looking forward
Streaming will become more and more important. While working with HTML streaming requires special attention both technically and also in terms of usability, as outlined in Rails' documentation, API endpoints could benefit from it with basically no extra cost. Not only that, features in HTML5 like server-sent events could easily be built on top of streaming without requiring a specific end-point in your application to handle them.
While CGI was originally streaming friendly, the abstractions we built on top of it (like middleware) are not. I believe web frameworks should be moving towards better connection/socket abstractions and away from the old CGI-based APIs, which served us well but it is finally time for us to let it go.
PS: Thanks to Aaron Patterson (who has also written about this issue in his blog), Yehuda Katz, Konstantin Haase and James Tucker for early review and feedback.
F.A.Q.
This section was added after the blog post was released based on some common questions.
Q: Isn't it a bad idea to mix both streaming and non-streaming behavior in the same stack?
That depends on the stack. This is definitely not an issue with Erlang and Node.js since both stacks are streaming based. In Ruby, I believe a threaded jRuby or Thin will allow you to get away with keeping a socket open waiting for responses, but it will probably turn out to be a bad idea with other servers since the process holding the socket won't be able to respond to any other request.
Q: Is there a need to do everything streaming based when a request/response would be fine?
No, there is no need. The point of the blog post is not to advocate for streaming only frameworks, but simply state that a Rack API may severely limit your streaming capability in case your platform supports it. Personally, I would like to be able to choose and mix both, if my stack allows me to do so.
When David Chelimsky was visiting São Paulo in last April, we invited him to go out for some coffee, beers and brazilian appetizers. We had a great time and we talked about different topics like OO, programming languages, authoring books and, as expected, about testing.
One of the topics in our testing discussion was the current confusion in rspec-rails request specs when using Capybara. There is an open issue for this in rspec-rails' issues tracker and discussing it personally allowed us to talk about some possible solutions, which could take months in internet time. :)
rspec-rails is a gem that wraps Rails testing behaviors into RSpec's example groups. For example, the controller example group is based on ActionController::TestCase::Behavior. There are also example groups for views, helpers and so forth, but for now we are interested in the request example group, which is as a wrapper for ActionDispatch::Integration::Runner. The Rails' integration runner is built on top of rack-test, a great small gem that adds support to methods like get, post, put and delete and handle the rack request and response objects.
This setup with the request example group running on top of Rails' Integration Runner works fine until you add Capybara to your application (which is always a good idea). The issue is that Capybara by default includes its DSL in the same request example group and that's when the confusion starts.
Capybara, being an acceptance test framework, does not expose low-level details like a request or response object. In order to access a web page using Capybara, the developer needs to use the method visit (instead of get). To read the accessed page body, the developer must use page instead of manipulating the response.
However, since both Capybara DSL and Rails' Integration Runner are included in the same example group, both methods visit and get are available! Not only that, even if I visit a web page using Capybara's visit, I can still access the request and response object that comes from Rails, except that they will be blank since Capybara uses a completely different stack to access the application.
This confusion not only happens inside each test but it also leads to a poor testing suite. I have seen many, many files inside spec/requests that mixes both syntaxes.
Talking to David, I have expressed a possible solution to this problem based on how we have been building applications at Plataformatec. First of all, we start by having two directories: spec/requests and spec/acceptance. Since both are supported by Capybara, this (mostly) works out of the box.
Everything you want to test from the user/browser perspective goes under spec/acceptance. So if you want to test that by filling the body and the title fields and pressing the button "Publish" publishes a new blog post, you will test that under acceptance (protip: we usually have subdirectories inside spec/acceptance based on the application roles, like spec/acceptance/guest, spec/acceptance/admin, etc).
Everything under spec/requests applies to the inner working of your application. Is it returning the proper http headers? Is this route streaming the correct JSON response? Also, since APIs are not part of the user/browser perspective, they are also tested under spec/requests and not under spec/acceptance.
This separation of concerns already helps solving the confusion above. Under spec/acceptance, you should use only Capybara helpers. Inside spec/requests, you are using Rails provided tools. However, this does not solve the underlying problem


text:
Fruit and Vegetable Intake and Telomere Length in a Random Sample of 5448 U.S. Adults
The relationship between fruit and vegetable intake and telomere length was examined using a cross-sectional design and an NHANES random sample of 5448 U.S. adults. Fruit and vegetable (F&V) consumption was assessed using a 24 h recall, and telomere length, an index of cellular aging, was measured using the quantitative polymerase chain reaction method. Telomere length was linearly related to F&V intake when combined (F = 22.7, p < 0.0001) and also when separated as fruit (F = 7.2, p < 0.0121)
... r vegetables (F = 15.4, p < 0.0005), after adjusting for covariates. Specifically, telomeres were 27.8 base pairs longer for each 100 g (3.5 ounces) of F&V consumed. Because each additional year of chronological age was associated with telomeres that were 14.9 base pairs shorter, when women and men were analyzed together, results indicated that a 100 g (3.5 oz) per day increment in F&V corresponded with 1.9 years less biological aging. When the 75th percentile of F&V intake was compared to the 25th, the difference was 4.4 years of cellular aging. When separated by sex, fruits and vegetables were both related to telomere length in women, but only vegetable intake was predictive of telomere length in men. In conclusion, evidence based on a random sample of U.S. adults indicates that the more the servings of F&V, the longer telomeres tend to be.


Top Paying Jobs In The World
It can be very hard to give a comprehensive answer when asked which profession is most specific in the world today. Every country has it is own priorities depending on the education system and the culture. Some countries are known for mining while others are known for technology. Therefore, it can be hard to give a general answer regarding the best paying jobs.
Athletes and entertainers are earning a lot of money though it is hard to convince common folks that such talents can be a profession. We often take education specializations as the only professions that are can earn us a decent income. However, there are common highest paying jobs for most commoners. In that regard, here are some of the common top paying jobs in the world.
SurgeonsThese are individuals that are specialized to carry out surgeries. Surgery is broad and every surgeon has his or her own specialization. They are well-trained physicians who carry out surgeries on our body parts. Some of the specializations include; cosmetics, general body organ, orthopedic, and several others. Most of these surgeries help the individuals to garner up to $200000 USD annually.
With the ever-growing population of many countries around the world, there are many babies being born daily. That is the main reason why OBs or GYNs have high salaries. They help to deliver an average of about seven babies per day. In most countries, gynecologists earn up to $204,000 USD annually.
Orthodontists are specialized in the dentistry area which is often associated with problems in the mouth where common dentists are not able to handle. These individuals are also responsible for the kids' braces. There annual estimated salary in most countries ranges around $200,000 USD.
Psychiatrists are individuals who are specialized in taking care of mentally ill or challenged people. This job has many severe dangers and hazards and as well mentally exhausting. A veteran can garner up to $177,000 USD per year.
Software engineer
A software engineer is someone who is responsible for developing programs to solve our day to day problems. With the ever-growing technology, there is a high demand for IT experts who are great at developing creative software. These individuals earn a lot of money per year. Their approximate earnings in a year are about $120,000 USD.
Chief Executive Officer
There are millions of companies around the world. And every company must have its chief executive officer who is responsible for all the activities going on it that company. CEO as most call them to earn a lot of money. Some of the companies that pay their CEOs high include telecommunication companies, software development companies, computer manufacturers and many others. They can earn up to 200, 000 USD in one year.
Attorneys or Lawyer
web developerWhen you are having legal issues the right person to approach is a qualified attorney or lawyer. Their job is to defend and represents their clients in the court of law. They represent filthy rich business people, companies, and the common citizen. They have law firms that offer legal services to people. They earn approximately $129,0000 annually.…


text:
Bringing the Community together
Gt Barton Parish Council and Gt Barton Primary Academy have been working together on a project to commemorate 100 years since the end of World War 1.
The children each made a poppy to create a trail from the school to the Church:
Poppies were also used to cover '100' signs which were displayed with a seated 'There but not There' Tommie statue supplied by the Armed Forces Covenant Fund Trust. These were created to represent every single name from the 888,246 British and Common wealth Fallen of the First World War.
Badger and Hare classes from the School walked to the Church as an Act of Remembrance.
Click here for more details and pictures of the event.


Apache Flume - Sequence Generator Source
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In the previous chapter, we have seen how to fetch data from twitter source to HDFS. This chapter explains how to fetch data from Sequence generator.
Prerequisites
To run the example provided in this chapter, you need to install HDFS along with Flume. Therefore, verify Hadoop installation and start the HDFS before proceeding further. (Refer the previous chapter to learn how to start the HDFS).
Configuring Flume
We have to configure the source, the channel, and the sink using the configuration file in the conf folder. The example given in this chapter uses a sequence generator source, a memory channel, and an HDFS sink.
Sequence Generator Source
It is the source that generates the events continuously. It maintains a counter that starts from 0 and increments by 1. It is used for testing purpose. While configuring this source, you must provide values to the following properties −
 - Channels
 - Source type − seq
Channel
We are using the memory channel. To configure the memory channel, you must provide a value to the type of the channel. Given below are the list of properties that you need to supply while configuring the memory channel −
 - type − It holds the type of the channel. In our example the type is MemChannel.
 - Capacity − It is the maximum number of events stored in the channel. Its default value is 100. (optional)
 - TransactionCapacity − It is the maximum number of events the channel accepts or sends. Its default is 100. (optional).
HDFS Sink
This sink writes data into the HDFS. To configure this sink, you must provide the following details.
 - Channel
 - type − hdfs
 - hdfs.path − the path of the directory in HDFS where data is to be stored.
And we can provide some optional values based on the scenario. Given below are the optional properties of the HDFS sink that we are configuring in our application.
 - fileType − This is the required file format of our HDFS file. SequenceFile, DataStream and CompressedStream are the three types available with this stream. In our example, we are using the DataStream.
 - writeFormat − Could be either text or writable.
 - batchSize − It is the number of events written to a file before it is flushed into the HDFS. Its default value is 100.
 - rollsize − It is the file size to trigger a roll. It default value is 100.
 - rollCount − It is the number of events written into the file before it is rolled. Its default value is 10.
Example – Configuration File
Given below is an example of the configuration file. Copy this content and save as seq_gen .conf in the conf folder of Flume.
# Naming the components on the current agent
SeqGenAgent.sources = SeqSource
SeqGenAgent.channels = MemChannel
SeqGenAgent.sinks = HDFS

# Describing/Configuring the source
SeqGenAgent.sources.SeqSource.type = seq

# Describing/Configuring the sink
SeqGenAgent.sinks.HDFS.type = hdfs
SeqGenAgent.sinks.HDFS.hdfs.path = hdfs://localhost:9000/user/Hadoop/seqgen_data/
SeqGenAgent.sinks.HDFS.hdfs.filePrefix = log
SeqGenAgent.sinks.HDFS.hdfs.rollInterval = 0
SeqGenAgent.sinks.HDFS.hdfs.rollCount = 10000
SeqGenAgent.sinks.HDFS.hdfs.fileType = DataStream

# Describing/Configuring the channel
SeqGenAgent.channels.MemChannel.type = memory
SeqGenAgent.channels.MemChannel.capacity = 1000
SeqGenAgent.channels.MemChannel.transactionCapacity = 100

# Binding the source and sink to the channel
SeqGenAgent.sources.SeqSource.channels = MemChannel
SeqGenAgent.sinks.HDFS.channel = MemChannel
Execution
Browse through the Flume home directory and execute the application as shown below.
$ cd $FLUME_HOME
$./bin/flume-ng agent --conf $FLUME_CONF --conf-file $FLUME_CONF/seq_gen.conf
 --name SeqGenAgent
If everything goes fine, the source starts generating sequence numbers which will be pushed into the HDFS in the form of log files.
Given below is a snapshot of the command prompt window fetching the data generated by the sequence generator into the HDFS.
Data Generated
Verifying the HDFS
You can access the Hadoop Administration Web UI using the following URL −
http://localhost:50070/
Click on the dropdown named Utilities on the right-hand side of the page. You can see two options as shown in the diagram given below.
Verifying the HDFS
Click on Browse the file system and enter the path of the HDFS directory where you have stored the data generated by the sequence generator.
In our example, the path will be /user/Hadoop/ seqgen_data /. Then, you can see the list of log files generated by the sequence generator, stored in the HDFS as given below.
Browse the file system
Verifying the Contents of the File
All these log files contain numbers in sequential format. You can verify the contents of these file in the file system using the cat command as shown below.
Verifying the Contents of the File
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text:
NAS ViewPoint is a convenient and concise appraisal summary that assists with the identification of potential risks associated with property appraisals.Combining lender specific criteria, guidelines, property and market factors, NASViewPoint provides a score that indicates various risk levels.The ViewPoint simplifies the way an appraisal report is reviewed.
Recognizing the increased need for data analysis and emerging collateral management strategies among Financial Institutions, NAS developed and successfully implemented fully customizable online appraisal forms using industry-leading technology.The NAS Appraisal Score, using customized logic, automatically extracts key data elements to compute appraisal risk factors and presents them on a summary page.Clear upfront identification of risks can save significant time in the appraisal review process, while mitigating potential valuation risk. This process is fully automated, providing NAS' clients with the highest level of accuracy.
The NAS ViewPoint can connect public information such as previous sales, ownership history and assessment information where available to further identify potential risks and inconsistencies with the valuation.
Overall, the NAS ViewPoint simplifies the way an appraisal report is reviewed, assists in the identification of risk and effectively manages the appraisal review process.


text: The MajorForms Signature Acknowledgment application allows the user to obtain and document the signature of a person using the smartphone or tablet. For example, if you are a delivery company and need to obtain a signature when something is delivered, you can use this application. The person receiving the delivery simply signs your smartphone or tablet. The application also allows the user to write a description of what the person is signing for. A photograph of the person signing can also be obtained along with pertinent other data such as the full name and address of the person signing. A timestamp and GPS location at the time of the signing are also recorded. The signature and other data can be synchronized to a secure server effectively backing up the data collected. The user can also view placemarks on a map showing where the signatures were collected. By clicking on any placemark, the data can be viewed including a picture and personal information related to the person signing. Our online reports allow the data to be grouped and analyzed and can be downloaded to a spreadsheet. If the data needs to be made public, the user can automatically create a free website which displays the data collected.


5.20213.824
wijmo.chart.annotation Class Line Wijmo API Class
Line Class
Represents a line annotation for AnnotationLayer.
Heirarchy
Constructors
constructor
 - new Line(options?: any): Line
 - Initializes a new instance of the Line annotation class.
 Parameters
 - Optional options: any
 JavaScript object containing initialization data for the object.
 Returns Line
Properties
attachment
Gets or sets the attachment of the annotation.
content
content: string
Gets or sets the text of the annotation.
end
Gets or sets the end point of the Line annotation.
isVisible
isVisible: boolean
Gets or sets the visibility of the annotation.
name
name: string
Gets or sets the name of the annotation.
offset
offset: Point
Gets or sets the offset of the annotation from the point.
point
point: DataPoint
Gets or sets the point of the annotation. The coordinates of points depends on the attachment property. See AnnotationAttachment for further description.
pointIndex
pointIndex: number
Gets or sets the data point index of the annotation. Applies only when the attachment property is set to DataIndex.
position
Gets or sets the position of the annotation. The position is relative to the point.
seriesIndex
seriesIndex: number
Gets or sets the data series index of the annotation. Applies only when the attachment property is set to DataIndex.
start
start: DataPoint
Gets or sets the start point of the Line annotation.
style
style: any
Gets or sets the style of the annotation.
tooltip
tooltip: string
Gets or sets the tooltip of the annotation.
Methods
destroy
 - destroy(): void
render


Sentence for participated | Use participated in a sentence
A sentence using the word participated. University students, spelling bee organizers, and people looking to increase their vocabulary may enjoy the contents of this post. The lines of text below use participated in a sentence, and provide visitors a sentence for participated.
 - An odd world, where for the sin we have not participated in we must fib and continue fibbing, she reflected. (10)
 - Chump had not participated in the fact presented by ocular demonstration. (10)
 - He pretended to suppose that Dahlia, whose only reproach to him was her suffering, participated in the scheme to worry him. (10)
 - She saw my agitation; she participated in, and increased it. (6)
 - That being settled, some appearance of equanimity returned; she talked of the scarlet business as one she participated in as a distant spectator. (10)
Glad you visited this page with a sentence for participated. Perhaps also see a sentence for profiles and ways to use parsonage in a sentence. Now that you've seen how to use participated in a sentence hope you might explore the rest of this educational reference site to see many other example sentences which provide word usage information.
People looking for: "participated in sentences", visited this page.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
As well known, we can prove Poincare duality in terms of morse theory. (By comparing two chain complexes obtained from two morse functions, $f\colon M\to \mathbb{R}$,$-f\colon M\to \mathbb{R}$ for smooth closed manifold $M$)
Of course, I can prove Alexander duality theorem by using usual Lefschetz-Poincare duality theorem and some excision arguments.
But, I want to prove Alexander duality theorem by using a morse function defined on $S^{n}-X$, for a submanifold $X$ of $S^n$.
Are there any references or proofs about this?
share|improve this question
1 Answer 1
There are various versions of stratified Morse theory out there, the granddaddy being the Goresky-Macpherson work. But for these purposes you're fine just using Morse theory on manifolds with boundary, which is a straightforward generalization of plain old Morse theory. In this setting you get Alexander duality "seen" at the chain-complex level in some sense, kind of analogous to Poincare's proof using dual cell decompositions to a triangulation, of the Morse theory/handle proof you refer to.
It's a little different though. The idea is to take the standard height function on $S^n$, and to perturb it so that it restricts to a Morse function on $M \subset S^n$, and on the boundary of a smooth tubular neighbourhood to $M$. Critical points to the height function, restricted to $M$ split into two kinds -- the kinds that contribute cells to the decomposition of the tubular neighbourhood, and the kinds that contribute to the decomposition of the complement. So a $k$-cell for $M$ corresponds to a $(n-k-1)$-cell for the complement. And so on.
I can say more later.
edit: The key idea is that if a function $f : S^n \to \mathbb R$ is morse on a submanifold $M \subset S^n$, then on the boundary of a small tubular neighbourhood of $M$, it's also Morse. Moreover, critical points of $f$ on $M$ correspond to opposite pairs of critical points on the boundary of the tubular neighbourhood (one over the other, in pairs). Think of Milnor's Morse Theory example of a torus in $\mathbb R^3$, but now think of the torus as the boundary of a tubular neighbourhood of a circle. In stratified Morse theory, the critical points of $f$ on the boundary of the tubular neighbourhood break up into two types of cell attachments: (1) cells for the tubular neighbourood, and (2) cells for the complement. The way you can tell (1) and (2) apart, is that the "down" direction pointing outwards for which ever object the cell is contributing to. This is because in stratified Morse theory you modify the flow so that it stays in your manifold with boundary. If the vector field is orthogonal to the boundary and pointing outwards, there's no natural way to modify the flow, so you get a cell. On the other hand if it points inwards, you certainly can.
So if $M \subset S^n$ is a closed submanifold, let $\nu M$ be a compact tubular neighbourhood of $M$. Let $p \in M$ be a critical point of $f$ that contributes a cell of dimension $i$ to $M$ using the downwards flowline. There are two critical points to $f$ above in $\pi^{-1}(p)$ where $\pi : \partial \nu M \to M$ is bundle projection. The "top" critical point contributes an $(n-m-1+i)$-cell to $\partial \nu M$, also to $\overline{S^n \setminus \nu M}$. The "bottom" point contributes an $i$-cell to $\partial \nu M$, also to $\nu M$.
So if for the purpose of generating $M$'s CW-decomposition we use the upward flowlines, then at a critical point corresponding to an $m-i$ cell on $M$, we have an $n-1-(m-i)$ cell attachment for $\overline{S^n \setminus \nu M}$ using the downward flowlines for $f$. These cells are not only complementary dimensional in the Alexander duality sense, but you can write out very explicitly the bounding cells that intersect in a single point.
I hope that helps. It's best to draw a picture and keep track of the dimensions in a few examples before trying the general picture.
share|improve this answer
_USER_: Could you say a little more? And perhaps about how the flowlines are behaving. Thanks! – Chris Gerig Jul 2 '12 at 16:51
Your Answer


text:
Wildlife Research at the Ames Plantation
Ames Plantation is home to a wide array of wildlife, including species that are not usually found in western Tennessee. For example, eagles have been seen here. Rare species such as the painted bunting and Bachman Sparrow also have been seen at Ames. These animals require special habitats to support them. These habitats are often found in places associated with areas maintained to support quail populations or places where intense forest practices have been conducted.
On the other hand, game animals abound. Deer and turkey are abundant. Squirrels are numerous. And, of course, as home to the Nation Championship Field Trials, quail habitat is intensively managed to support excellent quail populations.
Research has been conducted on many wildlife species, including studies on mice, hawks, beaver, coyotes and deer, just to name a few. Wildlife research often requires that students be at Ames for weeks, and sometimes, months at a time. Students from the University of Tennessee, University of Memphis and Mississippi State University conduct research at Ames. Scholars from around the world come to see what is happening here.
A hunting program to manage big game animals is in place at Ames. Hunters have the opportunity to hunt deer, turkey and squirrel. Duck habitats and blinds are under construction.
Ames Plantation's wildlife provides unique opportunities to observe, hunt or conduct research. Ames is place where wildlife can thrive.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
- slide 1 of 2
Review the plot structure in "The Story of an Hour" so you don't sound silly during your next class discussion (of course, the story's so short it would take you the same amount of time to actually read it, but you searched for this and I'm going to give it to you along with a literary analysis of the story because that's what you expect to find in a "Story of an Hour" Study Guide).
It is a short story that observes the unities of time, place, and plot: the action takes place in less than a day in a single location and has no subplots. Other than the news of the train wreck, which happens before the actual narrative begins, brief reflections by Mrs. Mallard on the type of husband Mr. Mallard was, and a few flash forwards on how her life will be, the story is told in chronological order.
Mrs. Mallard has heart troubles (Most study guides would briefly mention that Mrs. Mallard's heart troubles have two meanings: (1) she has a physical defect; (2) she is emotionally torn. My study guide doesn't because I have an entire article on irony and symbolism in "The Story of an Hour" so I'll just briefly mention that double meaning of heart troubles because that's what one should do with a literary analysis).
Mrs. Mallard's sister Josephine, who was told by Richards who was told by telegram down at the newspaper office, delicately tells Mrs. Mallard the news of Mr. Mallard's death. Mrs. Mallard cries, goes to her room, reflects on what a great guy Mr. Mallard was, and rejoices that she is now free from her husband's rule (this is what I meant by the emotional heart troubles thing).
Her sister calls Josephine from her room and they go downstairs to hang out with Richards (if you've actually read the story, you realize what a cornhole Richards is. If you haven't read the story, Richards is a cornhole). The door opens and who enters? Mr. Mallard (who that cornhole Richards said was dead).
Josephine shrieks. Richards tries to shield Mrs. Mallard from the shocking view of her husband. Mrs. Mallard has a heart attack and dies (yes, that's irony). The doctors say she died from a "joy that kills" (that's irony too).
- slide 2 of 2
What is the Theme?
The theme of "The Story of an Hour" is very straightforward.
Marriage is an oppressive institution (in the 19th-century).
The story takes place in the latter part of the 19th-century. Women had very few rights--they could not vote, had few opportunities for employment, and were expected to cook, clean, and look pretty for their husbands. Women had very little recourse if they married an abusive or mean husband. Chopin makes Mr. Mallard a good man and a good husband, highlighting, not the wickedness of men, but the deficiencies in society, which allowed a system of unfairness to exist.
Minor Theme: Life is not as it seems.
The false appearance that Mr. Mallard is dead mirrors the false image that Mrs. Mallard loves being married.*
Summary and Literary Analysis of "The Story of an Hour" by Kate Chopin
This look at commonly taught short stories will help you prepare for class discussion.


Save the date! Android Dev Summit is coming to Sunnyvale, CA on Oct 23-24, 2019.
Inspect energy use with Energy Profiler
The Energy Profiler helps you to find where your app uses more energy than necessary.
The Energy Profiler monitors the use of the CPU, network radio, and GPS sensor, and it displays a visualization of how much energy each of these components uses. The Energy Profiler also shows you occurrences of system events (wake locks, alarms, jobs, and location requests) that can affect energy consumption.
The Energy Profiler does not directly measure energy consumption. Rather, it uses a model that estimates the energy consumption for each resource on the device.
Energy Profiler overview
The Energy Profiler appears as a row in of the Profiler window when you run your app on a connected device or Android Emulator running Android 8.0 (API 26) or higher.
To open the Energy Profiler, follow these steps:
 1. Select View > Tool Windows > Profiler or click Profile in the toolbar.
 If prompted by the Select Deployment Target dialog, choose the device to which to deploy your app for profiling. If you've connected a device over USB but don't see it listed, ensure that you have enabled USB debugging.
 2. Click anywhere in the Energy timeline to open the Energy Profiler.
When you open the Energy Profiler, it immediately starts displaying your app's estimated energy usage. You should see something similar to figure 1.
Figure 1. Timelines in the Energy Profiler.
As indicated in figure 1, the default view for the Energy Profiler includes the following timelines:
 1. Event timeline: Shows the activities in your app as they transition through different states in their lifecycle. This timeline also indicates user interactions with the device, including screen rotation events.
 2. Energy timeline: Shows estimated energy consumption of your app.
 3. System timeline: Indicates system events that may affect energy consumption.
To see a breakdown of energy use by CPU, network, and location (GPS) resources, as well as relevant system events, place your mouse pointer over a bar in the Energy timeline.
Inspect system events: wake locks, jobs, and alarms
You can use the Energy Profiler to find system events that can affect energy consumption, including wake locks, jobs, and alarms:
 - A wake lock is a mechanism for keeping the CPU or screen on when the device would otherwise go to sleep. For example, an app that plays video may use a wake lock to keep the screen on when there is no user interaction with the device. Requesting a wake lock is not an energy-intensive action, but failing to release a wake lock can cause the screen or CPU to stay on for longer than necessary, which can drain the battery quickly. For more information, see the guidance for working with wake locks.
 - You can use alarms to run background tasks outside of the context of your app at regular intervals. When an alarm goes off, it may wake up the device and run energy-intensive code. For more information, see the guidance for working with alarms.
 - You can use jobs to perform actions under specified conditions, such as when the network becomes available. You create jobs with JobBuilder and schedule them with JobScheduler. In many cases, the recommended approach is to use jobs with JobScheduler rather than alarms or wake locks.
 - Location requests use the GPS sensor, which can consume significant amounts of energy. For information on how to make energy-efficient location requests, see Optimize location for battery.
The Energy Profiler makes it easy to find where your app uses each of these features so that you can make informed decisions about how each is used.
The Energy Profiler shows a color-coded bar in the System timeline below the Energy timeline for the time range when a system event is active. Wake locks are represented with a red bar, jobs and alarms are indicated with a yellow bar, and location events are indicated with a light purple bar.
Figure 2 shows the Energy Profiler and the code editor open to the source code responsible for an unreleased wake lock.
Figure 2. Using the Energy Profiler to find a wake lock.
 1. To open the System Event pane and show details for events such as wake locks, select a time range in the Energy timeline.
 2. To open the Wake Lock Details pane and show details for a specific wake lock, select the wake lock in the System Event pane.
 3. To open the code editor and jump to the source code for a wake lock, double-click the entry for the calling method at the top of the call stack in the Wake Lock Details pane.
 4. The call to acquire the wake lock is highlighted in the source editor.
The instructions for showing details for other system events are essentially the same as for wake locks, with information specific to each kind of event in its details pane. For example, the Job Details pane shows call stacks for the portions of the code where the job is scheduled and where the job is finished.


English (English) - Change language
Sample 4. Step 5.4: Invoice Number field, InvoiceNumber element
On some of the documents, the Invoice Number field is located to the right of the field name whereas on other documents it is located below the name (in documents 1 and 2 the field data are placed directly beneath the name).
To create an InvoiceNumber element:
 1. In the InvoiceHeader element, create an element of type Character String and name it InvoiceNumber.
 Note.The name of the element need not be the same as the name of the block corresponding to the InvoiceNumber field. However, having identical names is convenient when working with a FlexiLayout.
 2. Click the Character String tab.
 3. Specify the alphabet:
 4. Set Percentage of non-alphabet characters to 30%.
 5. In the Character count field, specify the fuzzy interval {-1, 3, 20, INF} for the length of the character string, assuming that possible values fall into the region of 3 to 20 characters. Any hypothesis outside this interval will be penalized.
 6. On some of the images, the search area for the Invoice Number field contains the already detected kwInvoiceDate element. Exclude this element from the search area, so that the program does not include this text in its hypotheses for the Invoice Number field:
 - On the Search Constraints tab, click the Add... button next to the Exclude regions of elements field.
 - Select kwInvoiceDate from the list of elements.
 - Click OK. The string SearchElements.InvoiceHeader.kwInvoiceDate will appear in theExclude regions of elements field.
 Show me...
 1. Click the Advanced tab.
 2. In Advanced pre-search relations, specify additional conditions: if the name kwInvoiceNumber is not found, do not search for the InvoiceNumber field, otherwise specify the search area as an array of rectangles: one rectangle to the right of the name and another rectangle below the name with a small offset. In the FlexiLayout language, this condition can be written as follows:
 if kwInvoiceNumber.IsNull then Dontfind();
 { WholeWordMOde: true;
 MaxGapInLine: 30dt;
 RectArray DataRegion;
 Let r1= Rect (kwInvoiceNumber.Rect.Right, kwInvoiceNumber.Rect.Top -20dt, kwInvoiceNumber.Rect.Right + 650dt, kwInvoiceNumber.Rect.Bottom + 50dt);
 // Limits the search area by a rectangle to the right of the name of the InvoiceNumber field.
 Let r2 = Rect (kwInvoiceNumber.Rect.Left - 100dt, kwInvoiceNumber.Rect.Bottom, kwInvoiceNumber.Rect.Right + 100dt, kwInvoiceNumber.Rect.Bottom + 100dt);
 // Limits the search area by a rectangle beneath the name of the InvoiceNumber field.
 DataRegion = RectArray (r1);
 DataRegion.Add (r2);
 RestrictSearchArea (DataRegion);
 3. The search area for the field is limited to two rectangles, one to the right of the field name and one beneath it. If the field data are located to the right of the field name, there is often some other text beneath the field (on the test images, this is most commonly the name and data of the Date field). Since this extraneous text will be included into the search area for the Invoice Number field, the program will generate a hypothesis for this text. To influence the quality of this hypothesis, specify additional checks in the Advanced post-search relations field: the lower the text beneath the field name, the bigger the penalty. In the FlexiLayout language, this condition can be written as follows:
 if not IsNull then
 { FuzzyQuality: Top - kwInvoiceNumber.Rect.Top, {-30000,0,0,10000}*dt;
 // The greater the distance between the name and upper boundary of the field, the bigger the penalty for the corresponding hypothesis. In this particular case, the hypothesis for the element whose upper boundary coincides with the upper boundary of the name will have the highest quality.
 4. Temporarily exclude the InvoiceFooter element and match the FlexiLayout.
 5. Specify the location of the InvoiceNumber block as a rectangular region of the InvoiceNumber element enlarged by 5 dots vertically and horizontally. To do this, select Expression and type the following expression:
 Rect outputRect;
 outputRect = InvoiceHeader.InvoiceNumber.Rect;
 IsNull = InvoiceHeader.InvoiceNumber.IsNull;
 // Treats the block region as detected if the InvoiceNumber element has been detected.
 OutputRegion = outputRect;
 OutputRegion.Inflate (5dt, 5dt);
11/10/2020 12:08:04 PM
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text:
Sizing of an Archimedes screw for hydroelectricity - INSA Strasbourg. Optimization of an Archimedean screw for energy production in micro-hydroelectric power stations.
by Guilhem DELLINGER, Abdelali TERFOUSAbdellah GhenaimPierre-André Garambois
KEYWORDS : Fluid mechanics, Renewable Energy, Micro Hydro, Archimedes screw, Experimentation
The use of the Archimedes screw in micro-hydro is a means of producing renewable energy and in recent developing. It is mainly used to exploit waterfalls low flow rates and low heights. We propose here to study experimentally the performance of this type of turbine based on hydraulic and geometric parameters. A first portion showing the influence of the water level downstream of the screw on the performance of the turbine. The yields and the pairs are then experimentally measured in terms of the speed of rotation of the screw fixed rate and, based flow fixed-rotation-speed. The results provide essential information on the design of this type of micro-plant.
The principle of the Archimedean screw is known for over 2000 years. Although this is disputed by many historians, is generally credited with the invention of the screw Archimedes of Syracuse (287-212 BC). It is from the 14ème century we started using the Archimedean screw to raise large amounts of water over low heights. Today, one still commonly used for elevation of wastewater treatment plants for example. It was not until 1992 Karl-August Radlik offers for the first time using the Archimedes screw, or hydrodynamic screw as turbine to generate energy [RAD 97]. The first micro-central Archimedes screw in the wild is then installed in 1997
River Eger Aufhausen (Germany) and develops a power of 4 kW. There are now more than 180 facilities of its kind across Europe and more than 400 worldwide [LAS 11]. According to Williamson et al. [WIL 14] these micro power plants have a high potential on the waterfalls of low height and low flow rates. The maximum height is about 10 m and throughput can reach 10 m3.s-1. The most powerful central installed to date is located on the Albert Canal (Belgium) and develops a power of 400 kW. Among the main advantages of this type of plant, we note, first of all, his ability to keep a high efficiency despite fluctuations in flow. Thus, the rate may vary more or less around 20% of the rated flow without this having any impact on the performance [BRA 93]. A recent study on micro 70 plants in Europe showed that the average yield of all of these facilities was to 69% with a maximum of 75% [LAS 12]. Two other important qualities are its robustness and the fact that it is a fish friendly installation itself. Indeed, according to a study conducted by Kiebel et al. [KIE 09], for rotational speeds and generally used for undersized fish to 1 m, They can cross the central micro unharmed.
The use of hydrodynamic screw for energy production is a recent technology that continues to grow. Despite this, the literature about the Archimedes screw used for energy production is still insufficient for truly optimized design of a central microphone. In this context, it is proposed here to study experimentally the hydraulic performance of the Archimedes screw for the geometric parameters and the various hydraulic operating conditions. These experimental results are obtained using an experimental device installed at INSA Strasbourg. The results will understand the influence of each parameter and therefore, subsequently, to be able to optimize the performance of the Archimedes screw.
2 comments on "Dimensioning of an Archimedes screw for hydroelectricity – INSA Strasbourg"
What are the different manufacturers and installers that exist to date?
I currently have a "turbiwatt" turbine. The constraints seem to be much less with hydraulic screws…
I would like to get in touch with manufacturers and installers…