K-9 Division
The Chisago County Sheriff's Office K-9 Division supports and provides an additional specialized resource for patrol officers and investigators in increasing the effectiveness in the detection and prevention of crime, as well as the apprehension of criminals, and provides protection and enhanced safety for officers and citizens.
 1. 1
 2. 2
 3. 3
 4. 4
Why Use K-9's
The K-9 Division employs 2 patrol officers with specialized skills and highly trained K-9's to support the sheriff's office in meeting its law enforcement mission. The K-9 teams provide all the duties of patrol officers with the additional capabilities of the trained K-9's.
The greatest value of the K-9 teams lies in the ability of each dog's keen sense of sight, smell and hearing, which aid and enable the teams to track and locate missing or wanted person, locate evidence or lost property, apprehend fleeing or combative fugitives, and pinpoint hidden contraband.
The K-9 teams provide a positive public image of the sheriff's office expertise and efficiency. Regularly, the K-9 teams must train to maintain their proficiency to remain deployed as an operational asset. This constant training of the teams maintains a high level of readiness, ensuring the Chisago County community that each K-9 team is prepared for any eventuality.
In addition to the law enforcement mission, the K-9 Division performs public demonstrations and visits to local schools and civic organizations.
The Chisago County Sheriff's Office K-9's have many skills that make them a valuable tool for law enforcement.
Area Search
The K-9's can search large areas for contraband and illegal drug interdiction, as well as for suspects, and locates them using their heightened sense of smell.
Building Searches
The K-9's can enter a building and search it for an intruder in a fraction of the time it would take officers.
Criminal Apprehension
In the circumstance of a fleeing felon or violent individual refusing to surrender to law enforcement, the K-9's are trained to physically apprehend suspects and render them into submission for law enforcement to take them into custody.
Drug Search
The K-9's are trained to detect the odor of illegal narcotics. They are an extremely important tool in the fight against drugs in our community. When the K-9's indicate the odor of narcotics, it gives law enforcement probable cause to search.
The K-9's use their heightened sense of smell to detect the path of fleeing criminals or missing children / adults. K-9's use a combination of the scent of the individual and also the disturbed ground scent a person makes when they step. They can track across many surfaces that include concrete, grass, sand, and gravel.
The K-9's are considered Deputy Sheriffs and have their own equipment issued by the sheriff's office. They ride in special patrol cars that are set up to ensure K-9 safety and comfort. The patrol cars have their windows tinted to help minimize the heat. They also have temperature alarms that lower the windows and sound the horn if the interior temperature gets too high. The patrol cars have special cages built into them for K-9's. They have rubber mats and are ergonomically designed for comfort and safety. The cages have a water dish that allows the K-9's to stay hydrated throughout their shifts. The patrol cars also have additional lighting on them to maximize their visibility.
The K-9 Division is committed to serving its community and providing the highest quality of service to its citizens. If you wish to request a demonstration, you may contact:
Want to help?
 - Donations can be mailed to the Chisago County Sheriff's Office K-9 Division - 15230 Per Road - Center City, MN 55012.


text: The journal is fundamental to formal scholarly communication. This research reports highlights and preliminary findings from an empirical study of scholarly electronic journals. The purpose of the research is to assess the impact of electronic journals (ejournals) on scholarly communication, by measuring the extent to which they are being cited in the literature, both print and electronic. The intent is to provide a snapshot of the impact e-journals were having on scholarly communication at a given point in time, roughly the end of 1995. This study provides one measure of that impact, specifically on the formal, as opposed to informal, communication process. The study also examines the forms in which scholars cite e-journals, the accuracy and completeness of citations to e-journals, and practical difficulties faced by scholars and researchers who wish to retrieve e-journals through the networks.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text: To improve the knowledge in chronophysiology we investigated the causal link between the most important physiological variable studied until now; ten Sarda ewes and ten Sarda goats, pluriparus not pregnant and no lactating, were used. Animals were housed under natural environmental conditions in a common stall, alfalfa hay and water were available ad libitum. Each animal was equipped with an Actiwatch-Mini® for recording total activity. Blood samples were collected every 4 h over a 48 h period for the assessment of melatonin concentration. Rectal temperature was recorded with a digital thermometer immediately before the blood sampling at each data point. Single cosinor method showed a daily rhythm of studied variables. Higher MESOR and amplitude values of melatonin and rectal temperature were observed in sheep than in goats. The diurnal acrophase of locomotor activity was statistically different from the nocturnal acrophase of melatonin and rectal temperature, with no differences between the two species. Robustness was statistically lower in total locomotor activity in comparison with the others two variables, with a differences due to species in melatonin daily rhythm. In conclusion, in small ruminants, melatonin and rectal temperature daily rhythms are strictly correlated, and are not associated with the locomotor activity rhythm.


text:
In various fields of industry, Pearl Rotary Joints have been successfully used under variety of service conditions covering a wide range of materials, pressures, temperatures and rotation speeds.
Pearl Rotary Joints are used for supplying/discharging compressed or decompressed (below atmospheric pressure) fluid/gas from a fixed piping to the rotary section of various machines with no leak. For example, they can be used when a heat transfer medium such as
- Can be used in a high-temperature range (max. 180℃).
(Quasi-standard products that can be used at 180℃ or higher are available.)
- As a carbon bearing is used, greasing is not required.
- Low mechanical seal wear allows stable operation for a long time.
|Fluid||Saturated Steam / Thermal Oil|
|Max. Pressure||1.47MPa (213 psi)|
|Max. Temperature||180 degrees C
(356 degrees F)
|Max. Rotation Speed||15A to 40A 300min-1
50A to 80A 100min-1

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


Take the 2-minute tour ×
I have a two-server queue with Poisson arrival rate and $\lambda$ exponential services with $\mu$ ( first server service rate) and 2$\mu$ ( 2nd server service rate). Capacity is infinite.
Then why is the number of customers in the queue at time $t$ not a Markov Process?
Can you please help me out?
Thank You.
share|improve this question
1 Answer 1
You need extra information to make the process a Markov process. The Markov property requires that the future depend only on the current state, but suppose you have only a single customer in the system. The future behaviour of the system depends on the history of the process (namely which server that job started service with) not just the current state. (It could experience service at rate either $\mu$ or $2\mu$.)
share|improve this answer
Your Answer


Using Sub Resource Integrity to secure web applications
Sub Resource Integrity (SRI) is a security feature that can be used to validate that the resources that the browser is fetching have not been manipulated.
But why do you need it? Remember that script tag that you keep throwing at random places in your code? What if someone got access to the CDN/third-party server where it was hosted and modified the JavaScript being served? It would be a serious security breach that can cause a lot of issues.
- Advertisement -
Sub Resource Integrity allows providing a hash of the file which must match when the browser fetches the file.
How to use Sub Resource Integrity
As mentioned before, a hash needs to be added to the script tag. The browser then compares the script filed that gets downloaded has the same hash or not.
<script src="_URL_
 integrity="sha384-oqVuAfXRKap7fdgcCY5uykM6+R9GqQ8K/uxy9rx7HNQlGYl1kPzQho1wx4JwY8wC"
 crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
Integrity is a base64-encoded cryptographic hash that can be generated (more on this below). It is also important to know that crossorigin needs to be enabled on the vendor server.
If the script or stylesheet does not match the associated integrity value, the browser will not execute the file/ render the stylesheet. The browser throws a network error instead.
This avoids tampering of the file and man in the middle attacks. But it is the developer's responsibility to ensure that the file is free of other vulnerabilities.
Generating SRI
Sub Resource Integrity can be generated using OpenSSL. The file's contents need to be passed to the OpenSSL command as an input and a digest needs to be created using sha384. The digest then needs to be passed to another OpenSSL command to base64 encode it. To do it in a single command:
cat example-framework.js | openssl dgst -sha384 -binary | openssl base64 -A
Or there are online tools available to do so as well.
SRI and Webpack
As with all things Webpack, there is a plugin to generate Sub Resource Integrity tags automatically. Since we avoid adding tags manually when using Webpack any way, this plugin becomes useful in handling the hash generation process.
Install the plugin:
npm install webpack-subresource-integrity — save-dev
or
yarn add --dev webpack-subresource-integrity
In the webpack.config.js file, add:
import SRIPlugin from 'webpack-subresource-integrity';
const compiler = webpack({
 output: {
 crossOriginLoading: 'anonymous'
 },
 plugins: [
 new SRIPlugin({
 hashFuncNames: ['sha256', 'sha384'],
 enabled: process.env.NODE_ENV === 'production',
 }),
 ],
});
Browser Support
All major browsers (no, IE is not included in that list) support SRI. It does not break in IE though, so it is definitely a must have tool to avoid security risks.
And that is all you need to know about Sub Resource Integrity and how to use it!
Recent Articles
How to debug better using $ sign shortcuts in Chrome devtools
Chrome devtools has a collection of utilities that can be used to perform common debugging tasks and make our life easier. The...
Deep copying in JavaScript using structuredClone
For as long as anyone can remember, deep copying in JavaScript was not a built-in feature and we had to resort to...
Chrome devtools: Using logpoints for logging messages directly
When it comes to debugging JavaScript in Chrome devtools, there are two different camps: the console.log fans and the debugger/breakpoint maximalist. I...
How to prevent npm install for unsupported Node.js versions
npm configurations allow us to do quite a lot of nifty things. One of them is to allow the project to set...
How to terminate a process on a port using the command line
Zombie processes are usually a pain to figure out. More often than not, I end up googling about how to terminate a...
Related Stories
Leave A Reply
Please enter your comment!
Please enter your name here
Hi there! Want some more knowledge?
Think that the knowledge shared is helpful? You might want to give our mailing list a try. We'll send you 2-4 emails a month, right when new posts come out.
Hi there! Want some more knowledge?
Think that the knowledge shared is helpful? You might want to give our mailing list a try. We'll send you 2-4 emails a month, right when new posts come out.


text:
Clinical Evaluation of the ExoDx Prostate (IntelliScore) in men presenting for initial biopsy: impact on decision-making and health economics
1.1. Primary Objective 1.1.1. Evaluate impact of the ExoIntelliScore Prostate on the decision to perform an initial prostate biopsy for men presenting with an elevated PSA (2-10 ng/mL). 1.2. Secondary and Exploratory Objectives 1.2.1. Assess physician satisfaction with the ExoIntelliScore Prostate report including test result presentation, graphics and interpretation. 1.2.2. Assess patient satisfaction for ease of understanding test results and role on decision process to have a biopsy. 1.2.3. Determine the medical economic impact of the ExoIntelliScore Prostate in the prostate biopsy decision process. 1.2.4. Correlation of the ExoIntelliScore Prostate score with the actual biopsy result. 1.2.5. The goal of this study is to evaluate how the urologist will utilize the ExoIntelliScore Prostate score in the decision process to perform an initial prostate needle biopsy for men presenting for an equivocal PSA.


text:
South African Journal of Occupational Therapy
versión On-line ISSN 2310-3833
versión impresa ISSN 0038-2337
INTRODUCTION: While undergraduate training in South Africa places an emphasis on ensuring the competence of occupational therapy graduates, very little attention has been paid to exploring their professional confidence, despite the fact that this has been highlighted as an issue for students. The foundation for professional confidence is laid during student years, and is influenced by a number of determinants, which this study aimed to identify. METHODS AND MATERIAL: Qualitative methodology was used with a purposive sample of nineteen final year occupational therapy students. Students were invited to participate voluntarily in focus group interviews and/or submit their reflective journal. Five lecturers and six clinical supervisors at the University concerned also participated in focus group interviews. Deductive thematic analysis of the data was undertaken. RESULTS: Two broad themes emerged. The first theme, external determinants, included clinical experience, relationships with peers, staff and patients, and the changing environment in which they worked. The second theme, internal determinants, included certain identified personal characteristics and influencers. The external and internal sources of professional confidence beliefs were either within the control of the student, or the lecturer/clinical supervisor or the profession. DISCUSSION: A number of recommendations ranging from re-thinking clinical practicals and supervision are made. These findings have implications for student selection, teaching methodology and experiences, and the professional identity of the profession. Greater formal emphasis needs to be placed on confidence building during the undergraduate experience.
Palabras clave : Professional confidence; occupational therapy students; occupational therapy education; clinical practical; reflective journaling; supervision.


text:
Why Are Alcoholic Drinks Impure?
By: Ayatullah al-Uzma Shaykh Nasir Makarim Shirazi
& Ayatullah Ja'far Subhani
Question: Why have the Ulamah (learned) declared that alcoholic drinks are najis, whereas it cleans many things from the effects of contagious disease and kills many bacteria then what is the reason of it being impure?
Answer: Basically those things in Islam which are declared as najis have different reasons: From them some are najis due to their ingredients and because of them many disease take place (for example Urine and Blood) that is why Islam has considered them najis and instructed to refrain from them.
In the other sphere come those things, which are not apparently bad but are inertly bad and that is why Islam has stated them to be impure. For e.g. infidels - it is possible that a Kafir may be clean and tidy, as it is told in the answer of the seventeenth question that they are deviated according to faith; that is why he is impure on a spiritual basis, which cannot be removed by apparent cleanliness.
To safeguard the beliefs of Muslims, Islam has stated the infidels to be impure, that Muslims can be stopped from intermingling with them and save their spiritual cleanliness. If the infidels were not considered impure and it was allowed to intermingle with them it was possible that many people who do not have strong faith would have been impressed from their sayings and thinking.
Free intermingling with infidels would result in their penetrating into Islamic societies so restricting intercourse with them would protect the Muslims from any possible danger from them.
Thirdly are those things in which the above impurity is not there, but they are source to many social and personal problems for e.g. the alcoholic drinks.
It is correct that alcoholic drinks clean the contagious effect, but alcoholic drinks cause many evils. To stop those evils Islam has declared it impure. People would thus remain away from it, because it is natural that by not using something made from alcohol will creates hate towards it and this itself is war against alcoholic drinks.
 Very soon we will discuss about the impurity of infidels
 Whatever is said above is about alcoholic drinks, but as regards artificial alcohol being impure there is discussion between the scholars and Jurisprudents, because this type of alcohol is not generally meant for drinking, rather it is considered to be a poisonous substance.


text:
Although Paypal and the bank are similar in some aspects, they are two different entities that operate under different authorities. And each entity is not allowed to impose any limitations on other territories. In that sense, PayPal does not have any direct control over your bank account but can put restrictions on your PayPal account only.
However, when PayPal freezes any particular account, the respective account holder cannot transfer money to their bank account, which means it can indirectly freeze the individual account holder's linked bank account. So you need to be more concerned about PayPal's restrictions on PayPal accounts. Let's explore more about tissue.
PayPal is an online platform through which its users (business and personal) send and receive money. On the other hand, banks also send and receive money, but they are not limited to transaction activity only. Instead, they help people deposit their money, invest, and do many other activities.
So PayPal can be considered a partial online bank but not a bank due to its lower involvement in other banking activities. However, their transaction to be made more clearly requires the involvement of a bank; PayPal is somehow dependent on banks to send their users money to their bank account.
To do so, Users need to link their bank accounts with their PayPal accounts. To complete this process, they must provide PayPal with the necessary details of the bank account, which involve the bank account number, name, or branch location.
Once combining the PayPal account with the bank is done, users can send money from PayPal to their bank or from their bank to PayPal. So overall, the primary relationship between banks and PayPal is to ensure the smooth movement of transactions between two entities.
As stated, PayPal does not have direct control over freezing your bank account. Still, when you are restricted from transferring money from your PayPal account to your bank account, it means Paypal is indirectly freezing your linked bank account. Let's explore the dynamics between the bank account and the PayPal account.
You cannot send or withdraw money if your account is frozen or restricted. As soon as PayPal limits your account, they will let you know the reasons behind the limitation by sending you an email.
There can be many reasons, and, depending on the reasons, they will ask you to complete some steps. By responding to their query, you can remove the limitation. Here are some common reasons:
Sometimes users request PayPal for certain products like debit cards, which require them to obey government rules and regulations; PayPal puts restrictions on your account for a certain period to meet these requirements.
Paypal strictly restricts the sale of banned items such as firearms or prescription drugs. Therefore, selling prohibited items violates their policy, so PayPal may limit your account.
If PayPal detects any fraudulent activity in your account, they may freeze it. These activities include accessing your account without authorization, unauthorized transfers from PayPal to your bank, and someone using your debit and credit cards without your permission.
If you receive a larger amount of money than you usually receive, PayPal may consider the amount illegal. So they may put restrictions on your account and ask you some relevant questions about the source of the money.
If your sales performance reduces, like when more buyers ask for a refund, PayPal may limit your account. Also, if you start selling a more expensive and entirely new product, PayPal may freeze your account.
In many cases, if your sales volume rises above average, PayPal may limit your account.
Last, they may limit your account if it is not used for a long time. You must prove your identity by providing them with the necessary details to restore your account.
Usually, you will get an email. If not, find and go to their "contact us" page. You will have the option to call them at the bottom of the page. In most cases, PayPal needs this basic information from you to restore the account.
- Bank account statement
- Credit card statement that is linked
- Your email address
- Your Telephone Number
Prevention is always better than cure because cure wastes money and time. To prevent future hassle, you can do certain things so account freeze does not happen. Here is what you can do.
- Let PayPal know your big move ahead of time. If you launch a new product, let them know because such a move will likely increase your transaction volume, among other things.
- Let Paypal know your business and tell them not to restrict any significant amount.
- If you have both a debit and credit card, link both to your Paypal account.
- Ensure there is no discrepancy between your PayPal account and bank account names.
- Also, make sure to use the exact address and phone number.
How Long Does Paypal Hold Your Money, and Can You Sue Them?
As per the policy, PayPal can freeze your account for 180 days. However, depending on the severity of the problem, that only occurs occasionally; generally, they resolve the issue within a few days.
On the other hand, if you want to sue them, especially if the amount is more than $10000, you certainly can do that, but there is a chance that the result will come against you.
Also, suing such a big company is not a wise decision if you are not big. Instead, cooperating and solving the issue is a better idea.
Unfortunately, PayPal is not available in many countries. If you live in one of those countries, PayPal does not facilitate transactions for your small business.
No worries if you do not have a PayPal account, or if PayPal is not available in your country, provide a verified PayPal business account. Here is what we offer:
Business and personal Paypal accounts include verified phone numbers, bank, cand, and SSS. You will also get a Paypal email. And login ID verified as a UK resident. To learn more about our services, check out our website here.
Hopefully, the above discussion helped solve the account freezing issue. Still, you might have some questions. Here are some frequently asked questions that you might want to know.
It is a common practice and necessary to link your bank account with your Paypal account. And it is safe, and Paypal is serious about securing bank information. They use technology like end-to-end encryption on every transaction.
Paypal uses technology to secure your account from theft. Some people are concerned about hacked PayPal accounts, which is highly unlikely. Until the hacker has login details,
Paypal account limitations refer to restrictions on any account preventing users from sending and withdrawing money. It can hold money for six months. The main reason for account limitations is to ensure the safety of both buyers and sellers.
If PayPal is unavailable, you can buy a verified account or use PayPal alternatives. Some popular options include Wise, Google Pay, Payoneer, Stripe, Shopify Payments, and many others.
So there you have it. Here is our final advice, no need to be worried if PayPal freezes your account, which is a very common event.
Most importantly, the purpose of freezing an account is not to hold or seize your money; it is a process to protect your account from threats and ensure safety. Also, ensure you know why your account might be restricted because knowing them will help you avoid future restrictions. And to deal with any issue, contact PayPal directly.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
Consider an integer cube of size $\sqrt{k} \times \sqrt{k} \times \sqrt{k}$, where $k$ is an asymptotically large perfect square number. Place k points in this cube at uniformly random locations, i.e., for each point choose its co-ordinates uniformly at random $(r_0,r_1,r_2)$ where $ 0 \leq r_i < \sqrt{k}$.
For an arbitrarily small number $\alpha >0$. Let $E$ be an event that there exists a subset of points of size $S = \alpha k$ such that the projection of these S points on every face of the cube, is of size at most $S/2$.
What is an upper bound on the probability of event $E$, i.e., P(E)?
Caution: If you start with a fixed set of size $S$, you would need to consider all possible subsets of $k$ points of size $S$. The event $E$ is defined as there exists a subset of size $S$ in $k$ points which are randomly placed.
share|improve this question
You are fixing $\alpha$ and then you let $k$ go to infinity? – Douglas Zare May 1 '13 at 4:58
yes. First fix $\alpha >0$ to be a small constant and then let $k$ go to $\infty$. – codingTheorist May 1 '13 at 19:06
1 Answer 1
You're essentially asking if you drop $k$ objects each into one of $k$ bins, what is the probability that only $k/2$ bins are occupied. (You can forget the extra dimension and only think about the dimensions you're looking at).
If you let $E_i$ be the event that the $i$th bin is empty, this has probability $((k-1)/k)^k\approx 1/e$. The events $E_i$ are approximately independent. Letting $N=\sum_{i=1}^k \mathbf 1_{E_i}$, $N$ has expectation $k/e$. The probability that there are $k/2$ unoccupied bins will decay as $e^{-\alpha k}$ using large deviation estimates.
--- Added to answer ---
If you want to pick a subset of size $\alpha k$ of the set of size $k$, it's obvious how to do it: take the boxes with the most elements first. You expect the distribution of elements in each box to be approximately Poisson with parameter 1. This means that approximately $(1-2/e)k$ of the boxes have two or more elements. As long as $\alpha$ is less than $1-2/e$, there's a high probability that you can find a subset $S$ of size $\alpha k$ whose shadow has size at most $|S|/2$.
share|improve this answer
It seems that you have computed an upper bound on the probability of a set of size $S = k$ occupying less than $S/2$ bins on one face of the cube. I am interested when there exists a subset (of size $\alpha k$) of the original set of $k$ points, such that they occupy less than or equal to $S/2$ bins on each face of the cube. Note, that there are exponential number of such subsets, i.e., $k \choose \alpha k$. – codingTheorist May 1 '13 at 1:05
The events may be approximately pairwise independent, while not being close to $k/2$-fold independent. – Douglas Zare May 1 '13 at 1:07
I don't think they don't need to be $k$-fold independent for this kind of argument to work. – Anthony Quas May 1 '13 at 2:13
Ok, I believe the conclusion, I just don't see what level of independence exists which implies it. It's also unclear to me how knowing that some subset $S$ projects to have size $|S|/2$ in one direction implies that there is some set which has small projections in all three directions. I'm only getting $\frac{2}{3}|S|$ from something like that. – Douglas Zare May 1 '13 at 5:05
Although this probability does decay exponentially in $k$ (as long as the large deviation methods are valid, which I'm sure they are), the exponential decay is slower than the increase in the number of choices of subsets. This means that something more subtle is needed to finish off the argument. BTW: Even the 2D version of this problem seems non-trivial... – Anthony Quas May 3 '13 at 0:59
Your Answer


text:
Strategic Resource Allocation
SRA is a process by which to examine the ways our resources are being invested and addresses all institutional costs that will provide a plan to rebuild EWU financial health & sustainability.
The overall approach to strategic resource allocation (SRA) entails a systematic, collaborative, and transparent process to examine the ways our resources are being invested. The process is modeled after Robert C. Dickeson's book Prioritizing Academic Programs and Services (free access through EWU Library), and it will be used to address all institutional costs—both academic programs and support functions.
The effort is divided into several phases and will be conducted in a transparent manner. The campus community will be informed of all process elements and have the opportunity for input to ensure that all institutional activities are treated fairly.


text:
of 26 municipalities and regional governments in the Lower Mainland treaty negotiations).
New Relationship Trust Fund – In March 2006, the BC government enacted the New Relationship Trust Act as part of an overall initiative to start a new relationship between government and First Nations. The Trust holds a fund that is designed to provide First Nations with tools, training, and skills so they can participate in land and resource management as well as land use planning processes, and also to develop social, economic, and cultural programs for their communities. The independent Board of Directors is appointed by the First Nations Summit, Union of BC Indian Chiefs, the BC Assembly of First Nations, the First Nations Leadership Council, and the BC Government.
Union of BC Municipalities – On line Policy Documents and Initiatives for local governments and First Nations relating to Treaty, Governance, Memoranda and Protocols, and Building Relations.
Back to top
READ MORE ABOUT:
TOOLS AND RESOURCES

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


PowerShell GUI for SCCM or MDT: Battery warning
In this post I will share with you a little PowerShell GUI I in created to display before starting your deployment if your computer is not plug in.
How to get it ?
How it looks like ?
The GUI looks like as below:
Change the text or language
You can change easily the text inside the GUI and also the title bar in order to add your own language for instance.
I try to make it simple to add your own language.
For that after downloading content proceed as below:
1. Open the file GUI_Config.xml
2. See below how looks like the XML content
3. Change the text with your language
4. See below the warning GUI and corresponding part in the XML
5. See below an overview in French
I will work on another version to change the language depending of the culture.
Is your computer running on battery ?
In order to display the GUI we have to find a way to detect if your computer is plugged-in or running on battery.
For that we will use the WMI query below:
gwmi -Class Win32_Battery).BatteryStatus -ne 2
We will use two methods to display the GUI:
- Display the GUI once
- Display the GUI until the computer is plug in
Create the Wizard content
1. Download the wizard
2. Copy the folder to your server
3. Go to C:\Program Files\Microsoft Deployment Toolkit\Templates\Distribution\Tools\x64
4. Copy the file ServiceUI.exe in the wizard folder:
So far we have seen how to create the wizard content and how to customize it. Now let's see how to implement it in our SCCM environment.
Create the SCCM package
1. Go to Software Library
2. Go to Application Management then Packages
3. Do a right click and select Create Package
4. Type a name like Battery warning wizard
5. Check This package contains source files
6. Click on Browse, then select the folder containing the warning wizard
7. Click on Next
8. Select Do not create a program
9. Click on Next
10. Click on Next
11. Click on Close
Distribute the package
1. Do a right-click on your package
2. Select Distribute Content
3. Click on Next
4. Click on Add and select Distribution Point
5. Select your DP and click on OK
6. Click on Next
7. Click on Next
8. Click on Close
Task Sequence implementation
In this method we will create a Run command Line step that will work as below:
- Detect if running on battery using the WMI query mentioned above
- Run warning wizard: Only if the query returned true
1. Edit your TS
2. Click on Add, General then Run Command Line
3. Type a name like Run battery warning wizard
4. In the commandline part, add the one of the command line below depending of what you want to do:
Display the GUI just once
Display the GUI until the computer is plug in
5. See below how this step looks like
6. Click on the Options tab
7. Click on Add Condition
8. Select Query WMI
9. Add the below WMI query
10. See below how it looks like
11. Click on OK
12. Click on OK
The GUI in action
In the below example I integrated this warning in a custom TS.
The warning is displayed until the computer is not plug in.
PowerShell and WPF: Generate Controls from the PS1
Usually when I create a GUI I use and XAML file for my GUI and PS1 for the code. In the XAML I add all my controls. In this post I will show you how to add and generate your Controls directly from the PowerShell script.


text:
This hardy perennial vine can be found naturally growing in northern Korea, Russia and Japan. This variety has been commercially cultivated for fruit and leaf production. Can be used as a famine food. The sweet fruits are the size of large grapes.
This variety is "self-pollinating".
Requires very, very well drained soil, do not plant in heavy clay or standing water.
The fruits are high in vitamin C and minerals. The leaves are edible and in Korea are called Darae-sun and consumed as a Namul vegetable.
In Russia, the fruit is sold in farmers markets as a seasonal fruit called "Kishmish".
Zone 4 - 2 year old plants
Available late spring 2023
Aronia berries have the highest concentration of antioxidants present in any fruit and protects the body's cells from the damaging...
Aronia Berry is a very cold hardy, disease resistant shrub that has edible black clusters of berries that have more antioxidants than blueberries....
Just arrived fresh seeds from 2022 fall crop, LIMITED QUANTITY because of the ON. drought this season! Asimina Triloba is...


text:
The 1834 Great Map, River John and Vicinity 1841, AF Church county maps 1864, and the Pictou County Illustrated Historical Atlas 1879, are now available on _URL_, courtesy of the Pictou-Antigonish Regional Library.
"This is part of our Regional Public Library's commitment to making local information and heritage for Antigonish and Pictou counties accessible to everyone, citizens and visitors alike" says Library Board Chair Troy MacCulloch. "People use the atlas and church maps often in our libraries and local museums but having them online makes them accessible 24 hours a day, seven days a week."
The 1834 Great Map is a particular treasure as the only copy available is in Halifax at the Nova Scotia Archives. Few people from the Antigonish and Pictou areas will have ever viewed it. This map, hand drawn by Pictonian surveyor William MacKay shows roads, settlements, and many other features in good detail. The Great Map panel for the River John area is missing but with help from the local historical association and Community Access Program committee a map showing the area in 1841 was located and digitized, helping complete the picture. For genealogists, local historians, and anyone who is curious as to what their community looked like in the 1800's these are invaluable "windows on the past".
The maps are part of a larger ongoing project by the Pictou-Antigonish Regional Library called Nova Story. The goal is to digitize and present online any and all historical materials related to the two counties.
"We have a large collection of local histories, pamphlets, maps, as well as all kinds of other materials" explains Chief Librarian Eric Stackhouse, "and we know many others in the community have records as well. We have been fortunate to have many partners working with us to obtain the best software and to have skilled staff who can digitize these priceless materials effectively".
The maps, and other Nova Story materials, can be viewed online at _URL_ and are being added to weekly.


text:
Where did the Rudman coat of arms come from? When did the Rudman family first arrive in the United States?
Coat of Arms > Rudman Coat of Arms
Some noteworthy people of the name Rudman
The term Ashkenazic refers to Yiddish speaking Jews and their descendants. There are numerous other Jewish groups, such as the Sefardim, who were the Jews of the Iberian Peninsula and their descendants.More
THE HEBREW LANGUAGE
The Hebrew language belongs to the Semitic family and is generally divided into three historic and linguistic periods: Old Testament Hebrew, Postbiblical and Modern Hebrew. Modern Hebrew was developed in the 19th century and is now the official language of Israel. It has a special script, based on the Phoenician alphabet.More
The Yiddish language dates back to about the 9th century. It was developed mainly from Middle High German and spoken by Jews in Germany. Yiddish was also infused with Hebrew words and it is written using the Hebrew alphabet. It also shows a strong Slavic influence.More
Coat of Arms
Hand Painted Plaques
Plaques and Frames
houseofnames.com is an internet property owned by Swyrich Corporation.


Main Content
testConnection
Test connection between host and radio hardware
Description
example
testConnection(dev) tests the connection to the radio hardware specified by dev. The function checks the hardware-software compatibility, the data paths between host and radio hardware, and the RF loopback.
Before calling the function, make sure the SD card configured during hardware setup is inserted into the reader of the radio hardware. You can also configure an SD card by using the downloadImage function.
For the RF loopback test, connect a cable or antenna to the transmit-and-receive connectors.
testConnection(dev,HostIPAddress) also tests the network connection of the host computer specified by HostIPAddress.
Examples
collapse all
Make sure your radio hardware is configured for host-radio communication by following the steps in Guided Host-Radio Hardware Setup.
Create a radio object for your radio hardware. For example:
dev = sdrdev('AD936x')
dev =
 SDRDevAD936x with properties:
 IPAddress: '192.168.3.2'
 DeviceName: 'AD936x'
Use this object to test host-radio connectivity.
testConnection(dev)
## Pinging radio IP address
## Checking compatibility of software with hardware
## Testing data path from Zynq board to host
## All tests PASSED.
ans = logical
 1
Input Arguments
collapse all
Interface to radio hardware, specified as one of the following objects:
To create these objects, use the sdrdev function.
IP address of the host network connection, specified as a dotted-quad character vector. This IP address is configured during hardware setup. See Guided Host-Radio Hardware Setup.
Introduced in R2014b


text:
George Dolgikh/Adobe Stock
Want to start your day like an American legend? A pancake recipe from civil rights activist Rosa Parks was recently unearthed by Dan Pashman, the host of The Sporkful podcast. And it features a creamy, protein-rich ingredient.
Parks' secret? Peanut butter. Not only does this nutty ingredient provide flavor to the batter, it also adds extra protein to the breakfast staple (there are six grams of protein in each pancake).
Library of Congress/Rosa Parks Papers
The recipe, scribbled on the back of an envelope by Parks, comes from the recently opened Rosa Parks Collection at the Library of Congress. According to The Washington Post, the collection "features previously unseen personal writings, letters, speech notes, financial and medical records, political documents and decades of photographs."
And it's pretty incredible that among Parks' handwritten account of her bus arrest and postcards written by Rev. Martin Luther King Jr., you can also find her handwritten pancake recipe. Because this tells us that apart from being a rebellious badass and lifelong activist who championed black power, Parks also enjoyed eating pancakes just like the rest of us.
Library of Congress curator Adrienne Cannon tells NPR that the "recipe is quintessentially African-American" because of the peanut butter. By 1940, peanut production was second only to cotton in the South.
To make the pancakes just a bit more healthy, try swapping out the all-purpose flour for buckwheat flour. You can also substitute the whole milk with almond milk to make the pancakes dairy-free. And if you're feeling indulgent, top a stack of the cakes with extra melted peanut butter and dark chocolate chips.
Head here for the full recipe: Rosa Parks' Featherlite Pancakes
What Do YOU Think?
Would you put peanut butter in your pancake batter? Are you always searching for the perfect protein-packed breakfast recipes? Would you try Rosa Parks' pancake recipe?


Exclusively for KIM WOODS
Explain the relationships between motivation, emotion, and behavior. How does emotion affect motivation? Provide an example of a specific behavior,…
January 10, 2021
Behavioral Disorders
January 10, 2021
Please answer the following three questions in atleast 200 words, including one APA reference.
1. Freud suggests that difficulty in any stage of development can cause abnormal sexual behavior. Do you agree? Why or why not?
2. From the psychodynamic viewpoint, the presence of an uncaring mother or the absence of a mother could adversely affect one or more stages of lifespan development. From a modern-day vantage point with its wealth of research and resources, will the presence of an uncaring mother or the absence of a mother necessarily affect the interpersonal relationships of an individual later in life? Why or why not?
3. Consider the concepts of resistance and transference from the psychoanalytic perspective. How might these concepts negatively affect a relationship? Explain. Are there ever positive effects from the application of one or both of these concepts? Why or why not? While not required, personal examples in support of your position are acceptable as a supplement to the scholarly research in this area depending on the extent to which you feel comfortable discussing such information.
Chat with us on WhatsApp


text:
Definition of acetabular
a. - Cup-shaped; saucer-shaped; acetabuliform. 2
The word "acetabular" uses 10 letters: A A A B C E L R T U.
No direct anagrams for acetabular found in this word list.
Adding one letter to acetabular does not form any other word in this word list.Words within acetabular not shown as it has more than seven letters.
All words formed from acetabular by changing one letter
Browse words starting with acetabular by next letter


What is Verified Boot in Chrome OS?
Chrome Enterprise & Education / Chromebooks and Chrome Devices / What is Verified Boot in Chrome OS?
Verified boot in Chrome OS is a helpful way to make sure your Chromebook is as secure as possible.
Chrome OS
Before we jump into what verified boot is, let's first learn a little about Chrome OS. Chrome OS is the operating system for Chromebooks and other Chrome devices. It's designed to be fast and responsive, so your device reacts quickly even when you're streaming videos or have multiple tabs and apps open.
Chrome OS updates automatically without interruptions, so your Chromebook is always running the most up-to-date software without breaking your work flow. Chrome OS has many different features to increase speed, simplicity, and security. One of these many features is verified boot.
Verified boot in Chrome OS
So what is verified boot in Chrome OS? A verified boot is a sort of self-check, performed each time your Chromebook starts up. When a Chromebook detects foul play, meaning the system has been tampered with or corrupted in any way, the Chromebook repairs itself by reverting to a previous operating system and be good as new. So even if malware manages to escape the sandbox, your Chromebook is still protected!
There is only a small list of known executable commands a Chrome device performs. Your Chrome device verifies and signs off on each command before it's performed so your device isn't filled with tons of unneeded software and downloads.
Your Chromebook also doesn't allow any edits to its file system. With a read-only root file system, viruses or other malware don't have the ability to change the file system. This prevents any harmful edits to the Chrome OS. The only edits that do apply to Chrome OS are the automatic updates for the entirety of your device. These background updates help ensure you have the most up-to-date and secure software running on your OS. This means more time to do what you want! A verified boot in Chrome OS is just one of the many ways the Google lifestyle can help with speed, simplicity, and security.
If you would like to learn more about Chrome devices, like how to Powerwash your Chromebook or what sandboxing is in Chrome OS, check out our Knowledge Base.
Chrome and Promevo


text:
Achieving Competitive Employment
The ACE (Achieving Competitive Employment) program helps individuals with disabilities to get and keep jobs. Our aim is to provide resources to identify, develop, and utilize employable skills and abilities.
ACE Staff Can Provide:
- Job search assistance: how to help employers see past a disability and understand the assets you bring to their business
- Job development: direct contact with employers to generate leads and facilitate paid placements
- Job coaching: one-to-one support to adapt to a new workplace and be successful there
Who Can Use ACE?
- You must be 16 years of age or older
- You must also have an identified disability (this can mean a lot of things – if you're not sure, ask us!)
- Resident of Guelph or Wellington County
- Ready to prepare and achieve employment
A.C.E. is funded by Ontario Disabilities Support Program Employment Supports


interface, and finally you can configure Visual Studio to notify your generator on certain events (such as when the user saves), so that your generator would be launched automatically.
There are different ways to register your custom run tool (or generator). The most simple ones being to either make your own.reg file or to do it programmatically. In our case, we'd rather do it programmatically, because when we installed the Visual Studio SDK 1.0, it copied all the Visual Studio registries to create an "Experimental Visual Studio Hive", thanks to which you are able to test your new language. What we will do, is a small class which will register our generator in the right registries depending on the context.
In the DslPackage project, you will notice a Generated Code directory. In this directory, you will find text template files (*.tt), and if you expand the node in the Solution Explorer, you will see C# files under them. One of those files is named In this text template, you'll notice registering information, made through attributes. We will copy this principle, and make our own attribute that we are going to add to this text template.
Quick note: you can notice DSL Tools has its own custom run tool, which generates from a Text Template (*.tt) a C# file (*.cs), and this is the exact same behaviour we want to copy: we will generate a text file (*.txt) from our domain specific language file (*.smpl).
Here is part of the code contained in SmplGeneratorRegistrationAttribute:
public class SmplGeneratorRegistrationAttribute : RegistrationAttribute
 private string _packageGuid;
 private string _generatorClsid;
 private string _editorFactoryGuid;
 private Type _generatorType;
 private const string CSharpGeneratorsGuid =
 private const string CSharpProjectGuid =
 public ExampleGeneratorRegistrationAttribute(string packageGuid,
 string generatorClsid,
 string editorFactoryGuid, Type generatorType)
 if (packageGuid == null)
 throw new ArgumentNullException("packageGuid");
 if (generatorClsid == null)
 throw new ArgumentNullException("generatorClsid");
 if (editorFactoryGuid == null)
 throw new ArgumentNullException("editorFactoryGuid");
 if (generatorType == null)
 throw new ArgumentNullException("generatorType");
 _packageGuid = packageGuid;
 _generatorClsid = generatorClsid;
 _generatorType = generatorType;
 _editorFactoryGuid = editorFactoryGuid;
 public override void
 Register(RegistrationAttribute.RegistrationContext context)
 context.Log.Write("Registering Example generator... ");
 // First we are registering our class
 Key key = context.CreateKey(@"CLSID");
 Key subKey = key.CreateSubkey(_generatorClsid);
 subKey.SetValue("ThreadingModel", "Both");
 Path.Combine(Environment.SystemDirectory, "mscoree.dll"));
 subKey.SetValue("Class", _generatorType.FullName);
 subKey.SetValue("Assembly", _generatorType.Assembly.FullName);
 // Then we are registering our custom generator
 key = context.CreateKey(@"Generators\" + CSharpGeneratorsGuid);
 subKey = key.CreateSubkey("SmplGenerator");
 subKey.SetValue(string.Empty, "Example Generator");
 subKey.SetValue("CLSID", _generatorClsid);
 subKey.SetValue("GeneratesDesignTimeSource", 1);
 // register.sl editor notification
 key = context.CreateKey(@"Projects\" +
 CSharpProjectGuid + @"\FileExtensions");
 subKey = key.CreateSubkey(".smpl");
 subKey.SetValue("EditorFactoryNotify", _editorFactoryGuid);
 catch (Exception e)
 context.Log.WriteLine("Failure: " + e);
 public override void Unregister(
 RegistrationAttribute.RegistrationContext context)
 context.Log.Write("Unregistering Example generator... ");
 context.RemoveKey(@"CLSID\" + _generatorClsid);
 context.RemoveKey(@"Generators\" +
 CSharpGeneratorsGuid + @"\SmplGenerator");
 context.RemoveKey(@"Projects\" +
 CSharpProjectGuid + @"\FileExtensions\.smpl");
 catch (Exception e)
 context.Log.WriteLine("Failure: " + e);
Now that our attribute was created, we are going to add it to the file:
[SmplGeneratorRegistrationAttribute(Constants.<#= dslName #>PackageId,
 "{D8760704-A993-40ee-89B9-FB77764D99AF}", "{" +
 Constants.<#= dslName #>EditorFactoryId + "}",
 typeof(<#= this.Dsl.Namespace #>.ExampleGenerator))]
Be very careful not to forget the braces surrounding the GUIDs, or else it won't work. You can also notice that we are using a Constants class. The Constants class is one of the classes automatically generated by the DslTools, thanks to the text template files of the Dsl Tools projects. I also invite you to check the text templating syntax documentation if you want to know more about it.
From now on, our generator will be registered and attached to this file format; however, we still have to set Visual Studio to notify our generator in case of an event that we are interested in. This is done in the editor factory. You will notice a file in the DslPackage project called [NameOfYourProject] For my part, I find the text templating syntax not quite convenient, so instead of editing the text templates, I preferred to use another way. If you look at the [NameOfYourProject]EditorFactory class, you will notice that it is a partial class; so all we have to do is add our own [NameOfYourProject]EditorFactory partial class in which we implement the IVsEditorFactoryNotify interface, so that our generator is notified of a save or some other event you may be interested in. This is also here so that you will set your new language's file custom run tool property to your generator.
private int SafeNotifyItemAdded(uint grfEFN,
 IVsHierarchy pHier, uint itemid, string pszMkDocument)
 object itemObject;
 int hr = pHier.GetProperty(itemid,
 (int)__VSHPROPID.VSHPROPID_ExtObject, out itemObject);
 if (hr < 0)
 return hr;
 ProjectItem item = itemObject as ProjectItem;
 if (item == null)
 return -1;
 // Place here the name of the custom tool you want to run
 item.Properties.Item("CustomTool").Value = "SmplGenerator";
 return 0;
Now that everything is set (registration + event notification), we can add our generator. To do so, we will have to implement the IVsSingleFileGenerator in case of a single file generator like the one generating C# code from text templates. I would also recommend to implement the IVsGeneratorProgress interface too, so that you will be able to throw exceptions which will appear in the Visual Studio Error List window. So this would look like this:
public void Generate(
 string inputFilePath,
 string inputFileContents,
 string defaultNamespace,
 out System.IntPtr outputFileContents,
 out int outputLength,
 IVsGeneratorProgress generateProgress)
 ProjectItem item = SiteServiceProvider.GetService(
 typeof(EnvDTE.ProjectItem)) as ProjectItem;
 outputLength = 0;
 byte[] bytes = null;
 bytes = GenerateCode(inputFilePath,
 inputFileContents, item, out outputLength);
 catch (SmplConverterException cce)
 generateProgress.GeneratorError(false, 0, cce.Message, 0, 0);
 catch (Exception e)
 generateProgress.GeneratorError(false, 0, e.ToString(), 0, 0);
 if (bytes == null)
 outputFileContents = IntPtr.Zero;
 outputLength = 0;
 outputFileContents = Marshal.AllocCoTaskMem(outputLength);
 Marshal.Copy(bytes, 0, outputFileContents, outputLength);
And now everything is set to work. Check the "Using the code" section to know how to test your custom run tool (it is not as straightforward as usual, and is a great productivity loss).
A list of licenses authors might use can be found here
About the Author
Software Developer SoftFluent
France France
Carl Anderson is a.NET consultant at SoftFluent. You can contact him at carl "dot" anderson "at" softfluent "dot" com.
Comments and Discussions
QuestionConverted to (using 2008 wizard and manual editing of csproj files) vs2008 SDK okay but won't run PinmemberMember 883428924-Aug-12 5:02
GeneralGreat article! PinmemberJuergen Baeurle25-Jul-07 23:07
QuestionCan't start preprocessor Pinmemberpetercli13-Mar-07 12:38
AnswerRe: Can't start preprocessor Pinmemberpetercli14-Mar-07 6:29
OK - i fixed my problem by installing c++.
GeneralA great introduction PinmemberDavid Wulff9-Feb-07 9:17
QuestionGenerateCode Detail PinmemberHenrique Carvalho4-Jan-07 6:03
AnswerRe: GenerateCode Detail PinmemberCarl_Anderson4-Jan-07 7:37
GeneralRe: GenerateCode Detail PinmemberHenrique Carvalho4-Jan-07 8:22
GeneralRe: GenerateCode Detail PinmemberCarl_Anderson4-Jan-07 11:51
QuestionNot working PinmemberHugo.Pereira21-Dec-06


text:
The Role of Medicinal Plants in New Zealand's Settler Medical Culture, 1850s-1920s
Bishop, J. L. (2014). The Role of Medicinal Plants in New Zealand's Settler Medical Culture, 1850s-1920s (Thesis, Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)). University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand. Retrieved from _URL_
Permanent Research Commons link: _URL_
Throughout history, medicinal plants have been important components of medical practices in almost all cultures of the world. This thesis focuses specifically on the changing uses and understandings of medicinal plants in New Zealand's settler medical culture from 1850 to 1920. Using a wide range of source material, and both qualitative and quantitative methodologies, it examines the plant species most popular in New Zealand, the reasons for their popularity, the introduction of these into the Colony, and their use and interpretation by three groups of healers: domestic healers, herbalists and doctors. This thesis deploys the concept of translation to argue that different qualities were attributed to the same plant in response to the needs and approaches of domestic healers, herbalists and doctors, each of whom had different ways of gathering, collating and assessing medico-botanical information. While British understandings of botany and medicine introduced during the course of colonisation guided healers and their use of plants in New Zealand significantly, this thesis posits that the flow of medico-botanical knowledge was more diffuse and highly complex, moving in multiple directions, and adapting and incorporating multiple meanings
University of Waikato
All items in Research Commons are provided for private study and research purposes and are protected by copyright with all rights reserved unless otherwise indicated.
- Higher Degree Theses


n.1.A written or printed scroll or sheet of paper; a document; especially, a formal list or inventory; a list or catalogue annexed to a larger document, as to a will, a lease, a statute, etc.
v. t.1.To form into, or place in, a schedule.
Noun1.Scheduleschedule - a temporally organized plan for matters to be attended to
Synonyms: agenda, docket
2.schedule - an ordered list of times at which things are planned to occur
Verb1.schedule - plan for an activity or event; "I've scheduled a concert next week"
2.schedule - make a schedule; plan the time and place for events; "I scheduled an exam for this afternoon"
 3. The term is frequently used instead of inventory.
active list, agenda, allocate, allot, appoint, approach, appropriate to, arrange, arrangement, assign, assign to, attack, batting order, bill, bill of fare, blacklist, blueprint, blueprinting, book, budget, calculate, calculation, calendar, card, carte du jour, cast, catalog, chart, charting, checklist, civil list, conception, concert, contrivance, contrive, cost, cost out, cut out, dedicate, design, destine, detail, device, devise, disburse, disposition, docket, earmark, enroll, enter, enterprise, enumerate, enumeration, envisagement, expend, fate, figure, figuring, file, forecast, foresight, forethought, fork out, frame, game, go through, graphing, ground plan, guidelines, idea, impanel, incur costs, index, intend, intention, inventory, invest, itemization, itemize, items, keep score, lay out, lay plans, layout, line up, lineup, list, list of agenda, listing, long-range plan, lot, make a projection, make arrangements, make assignments, mapping, mark off, mark out for, master plan, menu, method, methodize, methodology, open the purse, operations research, ordain, organization, organize, outlay, outline, pay, pay out, pigeonhole, plan, plan ahead, planning, planning function, playbill, portion off, post, prearrange, prearrangement, procedure, program of action, program of operation, programma, project, prospectus, protocol, put out, rationalization, rationalize, record, register, registry, repertory, reserve, restrict, restrict to, retired list, roll, roll call, roster, run through, schema, schematism, schematization, schematize, scheme, scheme of arrangement, score, set, set apart, set aside, set off, set up, setup, shape, shell out, sick list, sink money in, slate, spend, splurge, squander, strategic plan, strategy, system, systematization, systematize, table, tabulate, tactical plan, tactics, tag, tally, tally sheet, the big picture, the picture, throw money around, time, timetable, way, work out, work up, working plan
Translate Schedule to Spanish, Translate Schedule to German, Translate Schedule to French
Schachter's Hypothesis
Schaffneria nigripes
Schatzki's Ring
-- Schedule --
schedule feeding
scheduled fire
scheduled maintenance
scheduled territories
Scheduling API
Scheduling Application Programming Interface
Scheele's green
Schefflera actinophylla


page you can click on the suite/case that you want to export
 3. Once on the page for your selected suite/case, you can press the export button near the top
 4. From the dialog that appears you can choose whether you want to export it as an XML or JSON file
 5. Press "Export" to download the suite or case as a file
If you decide to export a suite, all the contents or said suite will be within the resulting download file, including the test cases and suites within.
Importing allows you to upload a previously downloaded suite or case file to your project, allowing you to use them as you normally would. In order to import a case or suite you must follow these steps:
 1. Navigate to the Suites/Cases page via the navigation menu
 2. From here, you can click the import button at the top of the list of suites or cases
 3. Within the prompt, you can use the file input to choose the file you want to upload by clicking browse or by dragging the file over it like you can in windows explorer
 4. The dialog will automatically check the correct file type in the options below if it has the right extension
 5. Click "Upload" and after a short delay the case or suite will appear in the list before you
Execution
Running a test case
Running a test case simply requires pressing the 'Run' button from either the script tab or the main tab when you are inside a particular test case.
You can also Run a test case directly from the workspace - See information here
Advanced Runs Dialogue
When you run a case, you will be presented with the option to either run the case, or to run using advanced settings
Basic Run
Simply press run again if you want to run the test case as is.
Instructions for Advanced Execution import to be added
Data Driven Testing is possible to conduct in MaxTAF Cloud.
What is Data Driven Testing?
Data Driven Testing is the process whereby parameterized regression scripts are procedurally run with a different data scenarios, provided by rows of data in a spreadsheet.
In simple English, when you run a data driven test, you run the same script many times, but different variables such as asset types or failure classes are fed into the test for each iteration.
The nature of the data is determined by a spreadsheet you supply, with the number of rows equalling the number of runs (data scenarios) and each column referring to a discrete piece of data in the data scenario.
How do I run Data Driven Testing with MaxTAF?
Data Driven Testing requires preparation in three areas:
Parameters:
In the parameters in your main tab, configure parameters so that those prepared in your script can be fed data from your spreadsheet.
Data is contained in a file in the workspace specified by "mx.datadriven.file" parameter.
Add a new parameter in "Main" tab called mx.datadriven.file and set its value to the location of the data driven file relative to your workspace, for example:
mx.datadriven.file=/dd/google_search.csv
This parameter will search the file in root folder, then dd folder and there it will find google_search.csv
After that, specify parameters with custom names for columns and take the columns from data driven file like this:
language=${mx.datadriven.name.language} min_hits=${mx.datadriven.name.min_hits}
At run time, there will be a separate run for every row in the data file and each time, the test parameters will receive new values from the columns with specified name e.g. ${datadriven.name.language}
When there is no column title, the value can be specified by the column's number e.g. ${datadriven.col.2}
The first column in data driven file is treated as header column and it is used to identify the column by name (example: mx.datadriven.name.language)
Then you need to specify if the rows inside data driven file are to be treated and run as parallel test cases:
mx.datadriven.runtype=parallel
Script:
Follow the instructions to parameterize your script where you wish the data to be changed, so that you may modify your script parameters in the 'main' tab.
All you need to do in your test case script is get the data driven parameter you set in parameters (via mxService for example) and use them like you would with normal parameters:
String query = mxService.getParam("language");
long minExpectedHits = Long.parseLong(mxService.getParam("min_hits"));
Spreadsheet:
The spreadsheet you use can be created in either CSV or Excel format.
Each row will correspond to a different data scenario/ test run.
Each column will correspond to the different parameters you have defined.
MaxTAF handles parallel test coordination as a basic feature.
Note: You may be limited by your plan on the number of parallel nodes you can deploy. If you exceed the number of nodes you have available, MaxTAF will use the max number available and sequentially run through your runs in batches.
Parallel Runs of Multiple Individual Cases
To run an individual case in parallel, usually used for basic performance checks, you must:
 1. Press Run from your case's page
 2. Select the 'Advanced' dropdown menu
 3. Select the 'Performance' dropdown menu
 4. Set the 'Run type' option to 'Parallel'
 5. Choose the number of parallel runs you want
 6. Click run
Parallel Suite Runs
Tests within suites can be run in parallel using the following steps.
Steps:
 1. Suites -> [your suite]
 2. Find the box labelled 'Items'
 3. The Sequence column dictates the run order of the suite.
 4. If you set all the numbers to the same, e.g 10, they will run in parallel
 5. You can also set some tests to run in parallel and some in sequence, for maximum control over your run order.
Data Driven
If your case is set up for Data Driven Testing See here, follow the above steps but instead of performance select data driven.
You can change the run type to Parallel and your data driven test will run in parallel for as many nodes as there are available.
MaxTAF Cloud officially supports:
The browser that we recommend as it was tested the most is Google Chrome.
In order to use a specific browser with a test, do the following:
 1. Open any UI test case
 2. In the "Params" section click on the pencil icon to edit the parameters for that case
 3. Set the mx.selenium.browser parameter to "internetexplorer", "edge", "chrome" or "firefox" just as it is done in the picture below:
By default, if the "mx.selenium.browser" parameter is not set, MaxTAF Cloud will use Google Chrome.
Since selenium nodes from the common/private pools are run on a linux machine, the only browsers you can use with them are Google Chrome and Mozilla Firefox. In order to use Internet Explorer or Microsoft Edge you need to specify your own selenium hub/node that's run on Microsoft Windows. You can do that by changing the parameter "mx.selenium.server" to your own selenium hub/node address.
Example:
"mx.selenium.server=_URL_
Email Notifications are available for case and suite runs.
See the parameters to set up notifications here
Notification Parameters
You can schedule tests in a few ways.
Schedule Section
The schedule section, accessed from the left hand menu, allows you to create schedules for any case or suite.
Steps:
 1. Navigate to the schedule section via the navigation menu
 2. Press "Create"
 3. Give the Schedule a name
 4. Select the desired Case or Suite
 5. Input details (note, to set the time for the schedule, press the pencil icon next to Schedule under Schedule Data.)
From a Case or Suite
You can also set schedules from the schedules tab inside individual Suites or cases.
These can be administered from the schedule menu as well.
Network and Infrastructure
API Service provides communication between MaxTAF Cloud and test cases. API Service is required for passing test case parameters to test, saving screenshots, generating xml reports etc. MaxTAF Cloud has an ApiService class for every supported language.
Java
To use the API Service in a Java test, your test class needs to extend Base class and then instantiate ApiService by calling the getApiService method from the extended Base class.
package com.maxtaf;
import org.junit.Test;
import com.maxtaf.ApiService;
import com.maxtaf.Base;
public class JavaTestClass extends Base {
 private ApiService mxService = super.getApiService();
 @Test
 public void test() {
 // Your test code
 }
}
If you need to instantiate ApiService within static method you will have to call the static method from the Base class like this:
package com.maxtaf;
import com.maxtaf.ApiService;
import com.maxtaf.Base;
public class JavaTestClass extends Base {
 public static void main(String[] args) {
 Base.init(args);
 ApiService mxService = Base.getApiService();
 }
}
Python
To use API Service


text:
CGR was originally commissioned by Sea structures in 2003 to investigate options for constructing a new 150m wharf at Debden, located on the Eastern bank of Barking Creek. The site at Debden then changed ownership but the new owners continued with the project. The current owners, McGrath Bros. Ltd pushed forward with development and completion of the first stage of the new wharf was achieved in early 2007. The site is currently used for concrete batching and recycling waste materials and the primary purpose of the wharf is to allow McGrath Bros. to transport aggregates and recycled materials by barge along Barking Creek and the River Thames.
The new wharf structure comprises of 30 tubular steel piles, 927mm in diameter, driven into the silty clay and medium dense sands of the Lambeth Group. The piles support reinforced concrete cast insitu beams, which in turn support a reinforced concrete deck consisting of both precast panels and a cast insitu deck slab. CGR carried out the outline and detailed design for the new wharf ensuring that it was capable of supporting a 50kN/m2 live load in-conjunction with a 100 tonne crawler crane and a 50 tonne fork-lift.
To allow the construction of this wharf structure to proceed, extensive stabilisation of the alluvial silts and clays was carried out. CGR commissioned and supervised a site investigation, and the subsequent installation of CFA piles into the soft clays. The temporary works to stabilise the banks of Barking Creek proved to be a very challenging exercise, and several stabilisation solutions were considered by CGR including a steel sheet piled wall and ground anchors. The completed stabilisation works allowed CGR to design a rock revetment slope and drainage outfall to accommodate existing drainage from the site, which met the Environment Agency requirements for increased flood storage capacity.
CGR was involved with this project from conception through to construction. CGR was responsible for carrying out the entire outline and detailed design works, along with the production of the associated planning, tender and construction drawings and the supervision of construction. In particular, CGR was commissioned to assist with gaining the necessary approvals for construction from the Environment Agency and the Port of London Authority.


text:
Philosophy And Design: From Engineering To Architecture
This volume provides the reader with an integrated overview of state-of-the-art research in philosophy and ethics of design in engineering and architecture. It contains twenty-five essays that focus on engineering designing in its traditional sense, on designing in novel engineering domains, including ICT, genetics, and nanotechnology, designing of socio-technical systems, and on architectural and environmental designing. These essays are preceded by an introductory text structuring the field of philosophy and ethics of design in engineering and architecture as one in which a series of similar philosophical, societal and ethical questions are asked. This volume enables the reader to overcome the traditional separation between engineering designing and architectural designing. The emerging discipline of designing socio-technical systems is shown to form an intermediate between engineering and architecture to which the philosophical and ethical analyses of both domains apply. This volume thus announces a challenging cross-fertilization between the philosophy and ethics of engineering and of architecture that will lay down the integrated ground works for the renewed interests in the importance of design in modern society.
Andrew Light has contributed to Philosophy and Design: From Engineering to Architecture as an editor.Andrew Light is Director of the Center for Global Ethics at George Mason University and Senior Fellow at the Center for American Progress.
Andrew Light P A Kroes P E Vermaas
Biographies & Autobiographies/ Memoirs/ Letters/ Journals
Architecture / Interiors / Design & Graphics/ Landscaping


text:
"To turn the tables" is a figure of speech
meaning "to put someone else in the predicament that we have been occupying, or a into a similar one."
The term arose during the early 1600s, and seems to have been a reference to a card or board game in which a player, when at a disadvantage, might reverse the position of the board and thereby shift the disadvantage fo his opponent.
A similar possibility holds that the original sense of the expression might be the same as we now mean by "duplicate", as in the game duplicate bridge, wherein after a series of hands of cards had been played, the table was turned and the same series of hands was replayed, each player holding the hand previously held by an opponent.
There's another interesting theory that proposes that the expression is derived from an ancient fad in Roman men of purchasing costly tables. When a wife was chided for an expensive purchase of her own, then, she would "turn the tables" by reminding him of his extravagance.


On this page:
13.1 Test Configuration by Submodule
13.2 Test Configuration by "info.rkt"
13.3 Responsible-Party and Varying-Output Logging
13 raco test: Run tests
The raco test command requires and runs the (by default) test submodule associated with each path given on the command line. Command-line flags can control which submodule is run, whether to run the main module if no submodule is found, and whether to run tests directly, in separate processes (the default), or in separate places. The current directory is set to a test file's directory before running the file.
When an argument path refers to a directory, raco test recursively discovers and runs all files within the directory that end in a module suffix (see get-module-suffixes, but the suffixes always include ".rkt", ".scrbl", ".ss", and ".scm") or have a (possibly empty) list of command-line arguments provided by test-command-line-arguments in an "info.rkt" file, or as directed by test-include-paths in an "info.rkt" file. At the same time, raco test omits files and directories within a directory as directed by test-omit-paths in an "info.rkt" file.
A test is counted as failing if it logs a failing test code via test-log!, causes Racket to exit with a non-zero exit code, or (when -e or --check-stderr is specified) if it produces output on the error port.
The raco test command accepts several flags:
Changed in version 1.1 of package compiler-lib: Added --heartbeat.
Changed in version 1.4: Changed recognition of module suffixes to use get-module-suffixes, which implies recognizing ".ss" and ".rkt".
Changed in version 1.5: Added ++ignore-stderr.
Changed in version 1.6: Added ++arg and ++args.
Changed in version 1.8: Added --output and -o.
Changed in version 1.11: Added --output and --make/-y.
13.1 Test Configuration by Submodule
When raco test runs a test in a submodule, a config sub-submodule can provide additional configuration for running the test. The config sub-submodule should use the info module language to define the following identifiers:
In order to prevent evaluation of a file for testing purposes, it suffices to create a submodule that does not perform any tests and does not trigger the evaluation of the enclosing module. So, for instance, a file might look like this:
#lang racket

(/ 1 0)

; don't run this file for testing:
(module test racket/base)
Changed in version 1.5 of package compiler-lib: Added ignore-stderr support.
13.2 Test Configuration by "info.rkt"
Submodule-based test configuration is preferred (see Test Configuration by Submodule). In particular, to prevent raco test from running a particular file, normally the file should contain a submodule that takes no action.
In some cases, however, adding a submodule is inconvenient or impossible (e.g., because the file will not always compile). Thus, raco test also consults any "info.rkt" file in the candidate test file's directory. In the case of a file within a collection, "info.rkt" files from any enclosing collection directories are also consulted for test-omit-paths and test-include-paths. Finally, for a file within a package, the package's "info.rkt" is consulted for pkg-authors to set the default responsible parties (see Responsible-Party and Varying-Output Logging) for all files in the package.
The following "info.rkt" fields are recognized:
Changed in version 1.5 of package compiler-lib: Added test-ignore-stderrs support.
13.3 Responsible-Party and Varying-Output Logging
When a test has a declared responsible party, then the test's output is prefixed with a
 raco test:which @(test-responsible 'responsible)
line, where which is a space followed by an exact non-negative number indicating a parallel task when parallelism is enabled (or empty otherwise), and responsible is a string, symbol, or list datum.
When a test's output (as written to stdout) is expected to vary across runs—aside from varying output that has the same form as produced by timethen it should be declared as varying. In that case, the test's output is prefixed with a
 raco test:which @(test-random #t)
line.


Page updated Jan 16, 2024
Read application data
You can read application data using the Amplify GraphQL client. In this guide, we will review the difference between reading data and getting data, how to filter query results to get just the data you need, and how to paginate results to make your data more manageable. We will also show you how to cancel these requests when needed.
Before you begin, you will need:
List and get your data
Queries are used to read data through the API and include the list and get operations.
The Amplify CLI automatically creates list and get queries for any @model type in your GraphQL API. The list query retrieves multiple items, such as Todo items, without needing to specific an identifier for a particular record. This is best suited for getting an overview or summary of items, or for enhancing the list operation to filter the items by specific criteria. When you want to query a single entry by an identifier, you would use get to retrieve a specific Todo item.
Note: The cost structure of your underlying data source can impact the cost to run some queries. For example, the list operation uses Amazon DynamoDB "scan operations," which can use more read request units than the get operation. You will want to review the associated costs for these operations for your data source. In our example, we are using DynamoDB. You can learn more about how DynamoDB costs are calculated by visiting Amazon DynamoDB pricing.
The Amplify CLI automatically generates GraphQL client code for all possible GraphQL operations—mutations, queries, and subscriptions. For JavaScript applications, this generated code is saved in the src/graphql folder by default.
To run a GraphQL query, import the generated query and run it with API.graphql:
import { API } from 'aws-amplify'; import * as queries from './graphql/queries'; import { GraphQLQuery } from '@aws-amplify/api'; import { ListTodosQuery, GetTodoQuery } from './API'; // Simple query const allTodos = await API.graphql<GraphQLQuery<ListTodosQuery>>({ query: queries.listTodos }); console.log(allTodos); // result: { "data": { "listTodos": { "items": [/* ..... */] } } } // Fetch a single record by its identifier const oneTodo = await API.graphql<GraphQLQuery<GetTodoQuery>>({ query: queries.getTodo, variables: { id: 'some id' } });
1import { API } from 'aws-amplify';
2import * as queries from './graphql/queries';
3import { GraphQLQuery } from '@aws-amplify/api';
4import { ListTodosQuery, GetTodoQuery } from './API';
5
6// Simple query
7const allTodos = await API.graphql<GraphQLQuery<ListTodosQuery>>({
8 query: queries.listTodos
9});
10console.log(allTodos); // result: { "data": { "listTodos": { "items": [/* ..... */] } } }
11
12// Fetch a single record by its identifier
13const oneTodo = await API.graphql<GraphQLQuery<GetTodoQuery>>({
14 query: queries.getTodo,
15 variables: { id: 'some id' }
16});
import { API } from 'aws-amplify'; import * as queries from './graphql/queries'; // Simple query const allTodos = await API.graphql({ query: queries.listTodos }); console.log(allTodos); // result: { "data": { "listTodos": { "items": [/* ..... */] } } } //Fetch a single record by its identifier const oneTodo = await API.graphql({ query: queries.getTodo, variables: { id: 'some id' } });
1import { API } from 'aws-amplify';
2import * as queries from './graphql/queries';
3
4// Simple query
5const allTodos = await API.graphql({ query: queries.listTodos });
6console.log(allTodos); // result: { "data": { "listTodos": { "items": [/* ..... */] } } }
7
8//Fetch a single record by its identifier
9const oneTodo = await API.graphql({
10 query: queries.getTodo,
11 variables: { id: 'some id' }
12});
Troubleshooting
Troubleshoot unauthorized errors
You can run into unauthorized errors if you don't have at least one auth rule defined.
Use the @auth directive to configure authorization rules for public, signed-in user, per-user, and per-user-group data access. Authorization rules operate on the deny-by-default principle, meaning that if an authorization rule is not specifically configured, it is denied.
type Todo @model @auth(rules: [{ allow: owner }]) { content: String }
1type Todo @model @auth(rules: [{ allow: owner }]) {
2 content: String
3}
In the previous example, each signed-in user, or "owner", of a Todo can create, read, update, and delete their own Todos.
Amplify also allows you to restrict the allowed operations, combine multiple authorization rules, and apply fine-grained field-level authorization.
type Todo @model @auth(rules: [{ allow: public, operations: [read] }, { allow: owner }]) { content: String }
1type Todo
2 @model
3 @auth(rules: [{ allow: public, operations: [read] }, { allow: owner }]) {
4 content: String
5}
In the previous example, everyone (public) can read every Todo, but the owner (authenticated users) can create, read, update, and delete their own Todos.
To learn more, see Authorization rules for the GraphQL API.
Learn more
Custom authorization mode to query data
Each AWS AppSync API uses a default authorization mode when you configure your app. To override this default, pass an authMode property. For example, this is useful when you have public reads through API Key auth and authenticated reads through IAM auth. The following examples show how you can query data with the custom authorization mode:
import { API } from 'aws-amplify'; import { GraphQLQuery, GRAPHQL_AUTH_MODE } from '@aws-amplify/api'; import * as queries from './graphql/queries'; import { GetTodoQuery } from './API'; const todos = await API.graphql<GraphQLQuery<GetTodoQuery>>({ query: queries.listTodos, authMode: GRAPHQL_AUTH_MODE.AWS_IAM });
1import { API } from 'aws-amplify';
2import { GraphQLQuery, GRAPHQL_AUTH_MODE } from '@aws-amplify/api';
3import * as queries from './graphql/queries';
4import { GetTodoQuery } from './API';
5
6const todos = await API.graphql<GraphQLQuery<GetTodoQuery>>({
7 query: queries.listTodos,
8 authMode: GRAPHQL_AUTH_MODE.AWS_IAM
9});
import { API } from 'aws-amplify'; import { GRAPHQL_AUTH_MODE } from '@aws-amplify/api'; import * as queries from './graphql/queries'; const todos = await API.graphql({ query: queries.listTodos, authMode: GRAPHQL_AUTH_MODE.AWS_IAM });
1import { API } from 'aws-amplify';
2import { GRAPHQL_AUTH_MODE } from '@aws-amplify/api


text:
Books & Bibles
Fashion & Jewelry
Gifts & Giving
Home Decor & Accents
Kitchen & Gourmet
Beauty & Health
Christian Bookstore .Net is a leading online Christian book store.
Shop Christian Books, Bibles, Jewelry, Church Supplies, Homeschool Curriculum & More!
Standing Against the Whirlwind is a history of the Evangelical party in the Episcopal Church in nineteenth-century America. A surprising revisionist account of the church's first century, it reveals the extent to which evangelical Episcopalians helped to shape the piety, identity, theology, and mission of the church. Using the life and career of one of the party's greatest leaders, Charles Pettit McIlvaine, the second bishop of Ohio, Diana Butler blends institutional history with biography to explore the vicissitudes and tribulations of evangelicals in a church that often seemed inhospitable to their version of the Gospel. This gracefully written narrative history of a neglected movement sheds light on evangelical religion within a particular denomination and broadens the interpretation of nineteenth-century American evangelicalism as a whole. In addition, it elucidates such wider cultural and religious issues as the meaning of millennialism and the nature of the crisis over slavery.
Buy Standing Against the Whirlwind : Evangelical Episcopalians in Nineteenth-Century America (Religion in America) by Diana Butler Bass from our Christian Books store - isbn: 9780195085426 & _PHONE_
The team at Christian Bookstore .Net welcome you to our Christian Book store! We offer the best selections of Christian Books, Bibles, Christian Music, Inspirational Jewelry and Clothing, Homeschool curriculum, and Church Supplies. We encourage you to purchase your copy of Standing Against the Whirlwind : Evangelical Episcopalians in Nineteenth-Century America (Religion in America) by Diana Butler Bass today - and if you are for any reason not happy, you have 30 days to return it. Please contact us at _PHONE_ if you have any questions.
Customer Support: _PHONE_


12 ounces semi-sweet chocolate chips
12 ounces white chocolate chips (see headnote above)
4 ounces (72 individual) mini pretzel twists
1.Line a baking sheet with parchment paper or silicon baking sheet
2.Melt the semi-sweet chocolate: Place the semi-sweet chocolate in a microwave-safe bowl. Microwave for 1 minute and 30 seconds at 50% power. Stir the chips. Microwave for 30 seconds at 100% power. Stir until chocolate is melted and smooth. If the chocolate still has lumps, microwave in 15-second intervals at 100% power, stirring between each interval until smooth.
3.Dip half the pretzels in semi-sweet chocolate: Place a mini pretzel in the semi-sweet chocolate and push it below the surface with a fork to coat.
4.Remove the excess chocolate: Use a fork to remove the pretzel from the chocolate. Then tap it gently against the sides of the bowl until most of the chocolate has dripped off. Wipe the bottom of the fork on the edge of the bowl to remove any excess chocolate then slide the pretzel onto the lined baking sheet (use a second fork if needed). Repeat until you have coated half the pretzels. You should still have a little melted chocolate left.
5.Repeat with the white chocolate: Repeat the process for melting the chocolate using the white chocolate chips in a clean bowl. Repeat the coating process with the remaining pretzels in the white chocolate.
6.Drizzle the pretzels using the remaining chocolate: Dip a fork the remaining semi-sweet chocolate and drizzle it over the white chocolate-coated pretzels; repeat with the remaining white chocolate. If you want more control over the drizzle, scoop the chocolate into a quart size freezer re-sealable bag. Snip a very small corner of the bag (1/16-inch) to make a tiny hole. Squeeze the bag to drizzle the chocolate in a more controlled manner.
7.Refrigerate all the pretzels until the chocolate is hard: Then remove from pan and store in an air-tight container in the fridge. The pretzels will keep for 7 to 10 days.
Leave a Reply
Your email address will not be published.


that it appears to be circular. However, this
apparent circularity is really just a shorthand for a recursive definition.
For example, the empty set is a P-name, because all the members of the empty
set certainly satisfy the required property. Then, once we know that the
empty set is a P-name, we can build other sets that are P-names using the
definition.
A P-name x is supposed to name some set X that is related to G, but x is
designed for discussion of facts that are true "in general" for all G, so
the members of x (or more precisely, of dom(x)) are not, as we might at
first expect, the names of all the elements of X---that's "too specific."
Rather, the members of x are the names of everything that is *potentially*
in X. Now, if I happen to know exactly which particular G I'm interested
in, then I should be able to figure out *exactly* which set x names. To
this end, each member of x is "tagged" with an element of P. If I know G,
then I can go through each member of x, and whenever the "tag" is actually
in G, then I transform the potential membership into actual membership,
whereas if the tag is not in G, then I discard the potential member.
Formally, the "value of a P-name x with respect to G," written val(x,G), is
defined to be
val(x,G) = {val(y,G) : <y,p> is in x for some p in G}
This is again a recursive definition. The value of the empty set is always
the empty set, and we can build up other values from this.
One thing that may still seem obscure in this definition is the role of P.
Couldn't we simply replace "P" by "M" everywhere? Why do we need P? It is
true that we could define names and their values without reference to P, but
there are two reasons for including it: (1) to prove the main theorems of
forcing, we will need to impose a certain structure on P, which we cannot in
general impose on M itself, and (2) after we finish building the machinery
and want to apply it, having the extra degree of freedom of choosing a good
P will be very valuable in constructing c.t.m.'s with special properties.
The names construction is quite powerful. For example, let us, now and
throughout the rest of this article, require that P always contain a
distinguished element called "1" and let us also require that G always
contain 1. (We previously used "1" for the set {{}} but there should be no
confusion because we will have no further occasion to mention {{}}.) Then
there is a name---in fact, a "canonical" name---for every element X of M.
This can be proved by recursion: if every element Y of X has a name Y*, then
we can formulate the name X* = {<Y*,1> : all Y in X}. Then since 1 is always
in G, it follows that val(X*,G) = X. (Furthermore, this construction turns
out to be absolute, so X* is in M.) From this we can deduce that G has a
name too, the "diagonal" name G* = {<X*,X> : all X in P}. Chasing the
definition, we see that the value of this name is the set of values of X* as
X runs over all elements of G, i.e., val(G*,G) = G.
We can now fill in one blank in the Fundamental Theorem. Given M, P, and G,
the formal definition of M[G] is:
M[G] = {val(x,G) : x is a P-name in M}.
We would like to claim is that M[G] is a c.t.m. if M is. However, this
turns out to be false without further conditions on P and G. Why this is so
is the topic of the next section.
4. A naive attempt to prove that ZFC is true in M[G]
The ideas presented so far, while not sufficient to prove that M[G]
satisfies ZFC, do buy us *some* of the axioms of ZFC. In particular, M[G]
satisfies the Pairing and Union axioms of ZFC. I didn't define what these
axioms are, but they are easy to state. For example, Pairing says that for
every X and Y in M[G] there exists Z in M[G] such that X E Z and Y E Z. To
see this, suppose that X and Y are in M[G]. By definition of M[G],
X = val(x,G) and Y = val(y,G) for some P-names x and y in M. Now set
z = {<x,1>, <y,1>}. This is a P-name, and it is also in M (the latter
fact requires proof, but it is essentially because M satisfies Pairing).
So Z = val(z,G) = {X,Y} is in M[G] and it has the desired property (remember
that "E" denotes membership). Pairing is so easy that we don't even need
most of the power of the concept of names to prove that it is true in M[G].
Trouble arises, however, with other axioms of ZFC, such as the Powerset
axiom. Suppose X is in M[G], and let x be a P-name in M such that
val(x,G) = X. We need to find a P-name y in M such that Y = val(y,G)
contains every subset of X that lies in M[G]. The following definition
is a natural try:
y = {<z,1> : z is a P-name in M and dom(z) is a subset
of dom(x)}
Now suppose Z is a subset of X in M[G]. There must exist a P-name z in M
such that Z = val(z,G). We would love to be able to say that dom(z) must be
a subset of dom(x), because val(z,G) would then be in Y, and we would be
done. But unfortunately, this need not be true. The problem is that z
might contain a lot of "potential" elements that are not in dom(x) but that
"disappear" when you take the value, because they are tagged with elements
of P that are not in G. So it seems we're stuck.
All is not lost, though. Different P-names in M may actually have the same
value; although an arbitrary z that names Z might not have a domain
contained in dom(x), perhaps a careful choice of z will.
But how do we find such a z? Answering this question leads us (finally!) to
the concept of forcing, to which we now turn.
5. Forcing
To make progress we need to investigate further the idea that some facts
about G are specific to G while other facts are "true in general." For
example, whether or not the empty set is a member of G is something that is
very specific to G. In contrast, consider the following statement: If the
empty set is a member of G, then G is nonempty. This is something that can
be said about G *without* knowing anything specific about G. For a slightly
less trivial example, we can also say that if omega is a member of G, then
the union of all the members of G is an infinite set. More generally,
without any knowledge of facts that are particular to G, it is possible to
construct quite sophisticated statements of the form, "*If* G contains a
certain element p, *then* such-and-such must be true." Let us now define
forcing:
Let p be an element of P and let phi be any sentence
whose nouns are P-names. Then we say that "p ||- phi"
(read: "p forces phi") if, for any subset G of P
[satisfying technical conditions], p being a member
of G implies that phi is true in M[G] (i.e., phi is
true when the names are replaced by their values).
This definition requires some explanation. First, it is not actually the
true definition of forcing, unless the technical conditions are inserted (we
will return to this later; ignore it for now). The main part of the
definition is best clarified by example. Write 0 for the empty set, and let
G* be the canonical name of G. Let phi be the sentence, "G* is nonempty."
Then "0 ||- phi" states that for any G, 0 being a member of G implies the
following statement: "G is nonempty" (I have replaced, in phi, the name G*
by its value, G). This is true. On the other hand, if omega* is the
canonical name of omega, then we would not expect "0 ||- omega* is in G*" to
be true; that is, we would not expect the fact that 0 is in G to imply that
omega is in G


text:
Chandler Road Bridge Erosion
Significant bank erosion has occurred upstream from the Chandler Road bridge on Spanish Creek and is in need of erosion protection by means of rip rap to reduce the turbidity of the stream from erosion.
Plumas County Department of Public Works ? Engineering
Robert A. Perreault ; Jr.; Director of Public works
Benefit of reduced erosion and turbidity in the creek and tributaries.
DWR Resource Management Strategies
Flood management, Sediment management
Protect, restore, and enhance the quality of surface and groundwater resources, Restore natural hydrologic functions
To the owner of Chandler Road Bridge Erosion
- MS-15 1 file Added 26 Aug 2016 Chandler Road bridge erosion