or "Get All", which means the table designer intended for you to either return just the result of the first true row, or the combined unique results of all true rows. This is selectable in the DesicionLogic designer for every table. You of course always have the option to override it in code.
You can dynamically concatenate values into cells at run-time using the get() keyword. For instance, suppose we need an output of text for a price list display and want to drive the text by rule. We might want it to read: "You have purchased X items of price P". In the table, we could create an output: "You have purchased get(QtyOfItems) of price get(ItemPrice)" where QtyOfItems and ItemPrice are values in my application state that would have been supplied. You can also use a get() in an input to create a more dynamic test. Instead of an input cell of ">55", it could be ">get(SomeValue)".
Run-time scripting with Python (C++/C#) and JavaScript (all ports) are supported in output cells so you can perform mathematical calculations and implement more advanced rules. Your output cell will just contain the Python or JavaScript code snippet within the proper keyword, js() or py(). For a single line of code, it might look like:
js(return (56 * 3).toString())
//Note: you can actually omit the "return"
//and ".toString()" for a single line of code:
js(56 * 3)
//Combine eqautions and variables
js(56 * get(MultValueFromCode))
If your code has multiple lines/functions, make sure it explicitly returns a string at the end, or you will get a type-casting error. This becomes more useful when combined with the get() keyword like: js(get(value1) * get(value2)). Also note that Python is only supported in the C++/C# implementation of EDSEngine. JavaScript-based scripting is a bit more portable for the web being the native run-time scripting language of web browsers.
A rather advanced but flexible feature is callback parameters. There are special table evaluation functions with overloads to support passing additional data to EDSEngine, that is also passed to the JavaScript or Python code (EvaluateTableWithParameter). The basic idea is maybe you want to send some text or XML data from your application to a rule, modify it in the script, and pass the modifications back along with the usual result. You can find more details in the developer's documentation if the feature might be useful to you.
Relational Object Model and Implementing a Rules Engine
The use of the Relational Object Model library will demonstrate how you can extend EDSEngine with your own features for a full-blown rules engine. Instead of writing explicit classes to model physical products in an eCommerce setting, it may be useful to model the product using a tree-like object structure, similar to XML. For instance, suppose we were modeling a car. We might write C++ classes like:
class CPriceableItem
 string CatalogNumber;
 double Price;
 double Cost;
class CEngine : public CPriceableItem
 string EngineType;
class CTires : public CPriceableItem
 string TireType;
//etc, keep inheriting and adding special attributes to each class
If we model the whole Car as XML and work with it directly, the final state could instead be formed like:

In the remainder of the tutorial, we will take advantage of ROM's built in automation with EDSEngine. You may also find it convenient not to have to write code for many algorithms you may need, such as to sum up the total price of the Car object. ROM supports treating the data like XML and supports XPath queries. You could just use an XPath query to get the total price of the Car object, and could even do it in an output cell of a table rule using the eval() keyword: "Total price is eval(sum(//Attribute[_USER_]))", yielding the final text result of "Total price is 9500".
When using the ROM component, decision tables are evaluated against a particular "Object" node context, and can drill down into the parent nodes when an input dependency value is not found in the current context. You can also use XPath queries in your input column headers instead of dealing with input values in code, or to specify a relation between multiple "Object" nodes. See the project documentation for more information. It should be noted that the internal data storage mechanism is not XML since that would create a performance bottleneck. However, the current state can be serialized at any time, and is updated whenever a query is made.
In this tutorial, we will demonstrate how to model a real world product configurator in both a JavaScript-enabled webpage and a C# WinForms application using the Logician tools (a C++, Silverlight, Flash, and Android example is also available). For this demonstration, we will attempt to model the properties and catalog number generation for a commercially available "Heavy-Duty Imperial Mill Type" Hydraulic Cylinder (see technical specification PDF with source code). Given the formula for the generation of a product catalog number, a simple graphical layout or group of selections can be defined. The names of each control will match the attribute names we use in the decision tables.
Before any rule evaluation can take place, you have to substantiate an instance of the Relational Object Modeler. You can pass the path to the rules XML file we will create also to load them in the second step, and finally set up the built-in rules engine implementation and apply the rules:
//C# port, Javascript is exactly the same without the namepsaces
ROMNET.ROMNode m_rootNode = new ROMNode("HydraulicCylinder");
ROMNET.LinearEngine m_engine =
 new ROMNET.LinearEngine(m_rootNode, "HydraulicCylinderDictionary");
With a minimal GUI interface of various drop-down and edit boxes built according to the properties in the product's documentation, let's start defining some simple rules based on the product literature so we can test out the application event/evaluation code we will build shortly. Open the DecisionLogic table editor and start a new project. For each control in the interface, we will define a separate decision table with the same name that specifies the available values given any necessary input conditions. Also, ROM requires that we create at least one "Dictionary" table that contains a list of all the attribute names we are using, the captions/descriptions for each, etc. Create a new table named "HydraulicCylinderDictionary", and fill it out with the attributes we will be using to model the product. They should match the control names created in the configurator GUI. The "Name" and "Description" columns are self-explanatory. The "DefaultValue" column will set the value of the attribute on application start-up if no rule table is defined for it in the "RuleTable" column. The "AttributeType" column must be one of the following types:
 - SINGLESELECT - for controls such as combo-boxes/drop-downs, radio buttons, etc.
 - MULTISELECT - multi-selection list boxes
 - BOOLEAN - checkboxes
 - EDIT - text editing fields
 - STATIC - read-only attributes
Values can be set by the "DefaultValue" column, or evaluated by rule.
Figure 1
The first input is "CylinderSeries". Being the first parameter of the cylinder configuration, it has no input parameters so all the "input" columns can be removed from the table. From the product documentation, we can see that there are three possibilities: 3000 psi Hydraulic, 2000 psi Hydraulic, and 250 psi Pneumatic. We can list them out in three separate output cells in a "get all" table, or put all three in a single output cell separated by a "|" as described earlier. In this case, it's just a matter of your personal style. Here we will do the latter:
Figure 2
CylinderSeries rules
We continue filling out a rules table for each attribute we have defined in the "dictionary". An example of an attribute that will have input conditions would be "RodDiameter". In the documentation, the available rod sizes appear to be limited by the chosen BoreDiameter. Since there are multiple possibilities for each BoreDiameter, it might save the user time if we automatically set a RodDiameter default value as well when they pick a bore. This can be done by prefixing a value with the "@" symbol. It then follows that we could create the following rules table:
Figure 3
RodDiameter rules
Any decent rules engine should be able to identify invalid conditions and appropriate "triggers" to force a re-validation of the current selections. When you test the sample application, you will notice that if you change the BoreDiameter to a different value, and the currently selected RodDiameter would be out of the valid range, the value of that on-screen selection will be cleared or changed to a correct value depending on the current conditions. Any changes to the dictionary attributes are routed through event handling and the "EvaluateForAttribute" function of the rules engine which will apply any necessary changes to the current attribute values based on the rule set. The object modeler has methods available to us in order to get or set the value of


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American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition
- v. To joke or quip.
- v. To make sport of.
- n. A joke or quip.
Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia
- v. intransitive To jest; play tricks; joke; jeer.
- v. transitive To mock; deride; gibe; trick; befool.
- n. a joke
GNU Webster's 1913
- v. obsolete To jest; to play tricks; to jeer.
- v. To mock; to trick.
- n. a humorous anecdote or remark intended to provoke laughter
- From Middle English japen ("to joke, play tricks"), of uncertain origin. Perhaps from Old French japer ("to bark, howl, scream") (possibly conflated with Old French gaber ("to mock, deride"), see gab), related to Old Provençal japar, jaupar ("to bark, yelp, yap"), probably of Germanic origin, related to Old Saxon galpōn ("to cry loudly, make a noise, brag") (Low German galpen ("to bark, howl, scream")), Middle High German gelpfen ("to scream, bark, boast, proclaim"), Old Norse gjálpa ("to yelp") (Swedish dialectal galpa ("to cry, screech")). More at yelp, yawp, yap. (Wiktionary)
- Middle English japen, probably from Old French japer, to yap, chatter, nag, of imitative origin. (American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition)
"We don't want to criminalise a group of students, but at the same time we don't want to treat the problem as some kind of jape, either."
"Even Ponting describes the quiet as "appalling" on one of his intertitles, which otherwise often have a jolly-jape feel."
"That eye wanted to cross, to discredit Perkus Tooth's whole sober aura with a comic jape."
"The Huffington Post noted the references as well as more "jokes" in the same vein (including a video of Cooper's jape, over which David Gergen cluelessly chortles)."
"I remember when I was a young boy, 1 April fell on a Saturday, so the Football League decided to create a 'hilarious' jape by sending referees and linesmen with thematically linked names to the same game," recalls Robin Tucker."
"Cambridge Union Society's pole-dancing jape is just plain daft."
"People would halt the progress of whatever parley they were engaged in and turn to stop him in aisles and antechambers, demanding an instant jape or trick from him."
"Such little verses always made the best sort of jape."
"A little jape on himself, and one that would certainly deliver more concrete rewards than his loftier verse."
"Chef Nikki Billington and her partner Paul Watson had always made running a restaurant feel less like a business venture and more like a jolly jape."
These user-created lists contain the word 'jape'.
Words formed in imitation of the sound of the things they signify.
Words that are fun to say....
A list of words that WWF recognizes as valid - most are unusual words; some are simply high-scoring.
I marvel at the amazing variety of four-letter words in the English language. And that's not even counting really common (to me) words like fuck.
Everyone's got their favorites. Here are some of mine.
Words formed in imitation of a natural sound.
Words which are highly likely to be found in the work of learned writers.
visions of witfulness and vision - a wise guise
Looking for tweets for jape.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Aeonium arboreum or Irish rose is a succulent plant native to the Canary Islands. Aeonium are great as ornamental plants and they can improve the appearance of the garden or patio. This succulent has long and arching stems with fleshy rosettes of leaves. The colour of the leaves varies from green to dark maroon. There are more than 35 species of this plant. Some of the species are low growing and some forms branches and grows 3-4 feet tall. Most of the varieties bloom during spring or late winter. The plant produces bright yellow conical shaped flowers that are star shaped and has many narrow petals. They are best suited for planting in containers and they need very little soil. Plants store water in their leaves and stem and the roots of this plant are thin and hair like.
The plant prefers a Mediterranean climate with moderate heat or cold. They are moderately tolerant to drought and tolerant to mild frost. Generally, bright light is needed but not complete full sun to grow. When grown in coastal areas with rain or humidity the plant doesn't need much water. They can be planted conveniently in pots and can be kept in patios. This plant cannot withstand heavy frost and they need to be shifted to indoors out of severe weather for protection. The plant grows well in standard potting mix or in sandy loam and doesn't need well drained soils. They cannot grow in excessive acidic or alkaline soil. In winter you must water the plant when the soil has dried out. These plants are easy to grow, but they cannot deal with extreme environment conditions. Pruning is not needed, but repotting the plant should be done in every two years to prevent the plant from becoming leggy. You can apply fertiliser to the plant during the growing season by using a balanced fertiliser which is half in strength. Avoid feeding the plant when the plant is in a dormant condition in summer.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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European Decorative Arts and Sculpture
The Native Peoples of the Pacific Ocean (Les Sauvages de la Mer Pacifique) WallpaperMade in Mâcon, France, Europe
Designed by Jean-Gabriel Charvet, French, 1750 - 1829. Printed by Joseph Dufour et Cie, Mâcon, France, 1797 - 1835.
Block-printed, stenciled, and hand-brushed gouache (opaque watercolor) on paper
1921-43-1d,eGift of Dr. Anne Mitchell McAllister in memory of William Young McAllister, 1921
The images on this panoramic wallpaper are drawn from accounts of European voyages to the Pacific undertaken in the late eighteenth century by French and British explorers, in particular Captain James Cook, who embarked on three expeditions to this region between the years 1768 and 1779. The Tahitian-inspired landscape is populated by native people from various Pacific islands, shown in their distinctive costumes.
The manufacturer, Joseph Dufour, issued a pamphlet at the time of the wallpaper's release explaining that the peaceful, idyllic scenes were intended "to reveal the natural bonds of taste and enjoyment that exist between all men."
* Works in the collection are moved off view for many different reasons. Although gallery locations on the website are updated regularly, there is no guarantee that this object will be on display on the day of your visit.


Palo Alto URL Filtering Order
What happens when a URL matches multiple patterns (multiple custom URL filtering categories and allow/block-list) within a URL filtering profile?
When that happens, the category chosen is the one that has the most severe action defined below (block being most severe and allow least severe).
1. block
2. override
3. continue
4. alert
5. allow
For example, if * exists in MyAlertList and MyBlockList simultaneously) within the same URL filtering profile the URL, the action will be "block" and the category name will be "MyBlockList". This is similar to the original behavior between "allow-list" and "block-list" in that the block-list will be checked BEFORE the allow-list if a URL matches both "allow-list" and "block-list".
The priority for URL filtering is:
1. block list
2. allow list
3. custom categories
4. cached
5. pre-defined categories
Above I'm pointing out in bold red that "custom categories" have a higher priority than the "pre-defined categories". This is important to know when building out your URL Filtering profiles.
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IS PATH WARM – An Acronym to Guide Suicide Risk Assessment
Suicide Risk Factors, Acronyms, and the Evidence Base
[This is adapted from our forthcoming 5th edition of Clinical Interviewing]
In 2003, the American Association of Suicidology brought together a group of suicidologists to examine existing research and develop an evidence-based set of near-term signs or signals of immediate suicide intent and risk. These suicidologists came up with an acronym to help professionals and the public better anticipate and address heightened suicide risk. The acronym is: IS PATH WARM and it's outlined below:
I = Ideation
S = Substance Use
P = Purposelessness
A = Anxiety
T = Trapped
H = Hopelessness
W = Withdrawal
A = Anger
R = Recklessness
M = Mood Change
 IS PATH WARM is typically referred to as evidence-based and, in fact, it was developed based on known risk factors and warning signs. Unfortunately, reminiscent of other acronyms used to help providers identify clients at high risk for suicide, in the only published study we could find that tested this acronym, IS PATH WARM failed to differentiate between genuine and simulated suicide notes (Lester, McSwain, & Gunn, 2011). Although this is hardly convincing evidence against the use of this acronym, it illustrates the inevitably humbling process of trying to predict or anticipate suicidal behavior. In conclusion, we encourage you to use the acronym in conjunction with the comprehensive and collaborative suicide assessment interviewing process described in our chapter in the Clinical Interviewing textbook. See: _URL_
After talking about IS PATH WARM in workshops over the past year or so, it seems important to emphasize that these "risk" factors are near-term risk factors. Other, very important longer-term risk factors, are not included. For example, previous attempts and clinical depression aren't even on the list. And, although they include withdrawal, it seems that words like isolation or loneliness capture this dimension of risk at least as well.
The point of my criticism is to emphasize that even the best suicidologists on the planet struggle in their efforts to identify the most important immediate and longer-term suicide risk factors. This is primarily because suicide is nearly always unpredictable and one of the reasons that it's unpredictable is because it occurs, on average in the U.S. in 13 people per 100,000. The other side of this dialectical coin is that, of course, we need to try to predict it and prevent it anyway.
You can check out more details about IS PATH WARM on many different internet sites, including a description of its origin provided by the American Association of Suicidology: _URL_
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This interesting surname with variant spellings Copestake, Copestick, Capstack, etc., is an occupational name for a woodcutter, deriving from the Old French "coupe(r)" meaning "to cut" plus the Middle English "stikke", a development of the Olde English pre 7th Century "sticca", stick or stake. The surname dates back to the late 13th Century (see below). Early examples of the surname include Henry Coupestack (1301) recorded in the Subsidy Rolls of Yorkshire, and John Copestake (1474) in the Register of the Freemen of the city of York.London Church Registers show the marriage of Anne Capstock and Felix Metcalf, on January 24th 1572 in St. Giles, Cripplegate; Antonye Capstocke who married Bettris Willmore on June 25th 1615 in St. Bride's Fleet Street, and the christening of William, son of James and Margarett Capstick, on June 17th 1749 in St. Mary Aldermary. One Elizabeth Capstick married Graham Williamson in St. Giles, Cripplegate, London, on August 25th 1774. The first recorded spelling of the family name is shown to be that of Geoffrey Coupstak which was dated 1295 in the Register of the Freemen of the city of York, during the reign of King Edward 1, known as "The Hammer of the Scots", 1272 - 1307. Surnames became necessary when governments introduced personal taxation. In England this was known as Poll Tax. Throughout the centuries, surnames in every country have continued to "develop" often leading to astonishing variants of the original spelling.
© Copyright: Name Origin Research 1980 - 2022

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


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In collaboration with Earth Analytic, Inversion Labs is working to design a custom weather viewer for the SmartMountain platform. SmartMountain is a web application utilizing a suite of ArcGIS tools to visualize terrain, manage snow safety, and monitor ski area operations. The goal of this project is to provide an embedded weather viewer within the SmartMountain framework, allowing users to quickly access data for weather stations located at or nearby a ski area. As an initial proof of concept, we developed a custom view of the Bridger-Teton Avalanche Center's weather data for display in the SmartMountain application for Jackson Hole Mountain Resort. Below is a screenshot displaying the custom weather viewer that opens when a user clicks the "SmartMountain Weather" icon:
With the addition of weather plots to the SmartMountain application, users are provided a single platform to view terrain, avalanche event history, and corresponding weather conditions. For example, snow safety managers at a ski resort can analyze avalanche events that have occurred over the previous five days while also viewing a graph of received snow totals, air temperature, and wind speeds for the same period.
In the current implementation, SmartMountain users have access to a single view of weather data for the current winter season with tools available to zoom and pan to the desired time period. Possibilities for future development include linking the weather graphs to a query tool where users can select a specific date range and a specific set of weather variables to view. In addition, users will be able to click directly on the location of various weather stations that are within the viewable terrain, providing specific weather history for that station.
As an initial proof of concept for Jackson Hole Mountain Resort, Earth Analytic has the potential to provide an option for custom weather graphing for additional ski resorts that rely on weather data from on-mountain weather stations. Inversion Labs is excited to collaborate on this project and looks forward to exploring and testing the SmartMountain application during the upcoming 2017-18 winter season. If you are interested in the potential to bring SmartMountain to your ski resort, learn more at _URL_.


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oa Civil Engineering = Siviele Ingenieurswese - Upgrade produces efficient plant with fitting architectural character
The extensive overhaul and reconstruction of the Cullinan Water Treatment Plant demanded an unusual mix of creative and sound, detailed engineering skiffs The Cullinan Water Treatment Plant is situated in Cullinan some 50 km east of Pretoria and receives water from the Wilge River via a 60 km pipeline. The plant, originally constructed in 1904, had been extended and modified to the extent that it was no longer possible to run it efficiently. This combined with poor working process units produced water of an unacceptable quality.
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New research shows that dolphins can stay awake for at least 15 days in a row without experiencing fatigue, or other negative side effects.
To put this in perspective, human research subjects have been able to stay awake for only eight to 10 days, and all experienced progressive deterioration in concentration, motivation, perception and other mental processes as the period of sleep deprivation increased.
Dolphins can stay awake for this long because they sleep with only half of their brain at a time. This process, called unihemispheric sleep, was thought to have evolved as a way to allow dolphins to continue breathing at the surface while resting.
Brian Branstetter from the National Marine Mammal Foundation and colleagues studied two bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus), one male and one female, and found that they could use echolocation with "near-perfect accuracy" for up to 15 days. Both dolphins showed no signs of fatigue for five days, and the female continued other tasks for 10 additional days.
"These majestic beasts are true unwavering sentinels of the sea. The demands of ocean life on air breathing dolphins have led to incredible capabilities, one of which is the ability to continuously, perhaps indefinitely, maintain vigilant behavior through echolocation" said Branstetter.
The research was published in the journal PLoS ONE on October 17: Dolphins Can Maintain Vigilant Behavior through Echolocation for 15 Days without Interruption or Cognitive Impairment.
Copyright © 2012 by Marine Science Today, a publication of Marine Science Today LLC.


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Congregational Resource Guide
Finding the right resources for your congregation
Faith leaders are in a unique position to provide vision and guidance in the area of climate change. Blessed Tomorrow offers resources to equip leaders across the religious spectrum to engage their communities for meaningful action. From a succinct list of "talking points" on how faith is related to climate change, to worship helps and action planning guides, the website is loaded with practical tools and information. Its interactivity makes for lively and up-to-date information exchange including emerging best practices. There are tips for incorporating creation care into worship, inspirational success stories from congregations across the country, and web-based pathways to resources on creation care practices, community outreach, and leader development. The events calendar is open to postings from the public. An interfaith pool of participant organizations makes Blessed Tomorrow a fit for evangelical Christians, mainline Christians, Catholics, Jews and evangelical Latinos.


How Trombone is Similar to Electric Guitar
When comparing the two instruments side by side, it's hard to see any similarities, but brass and wood have more in common than you think. They don't look the same, are made out of completely different materials, and aren't played in nearly the same way.
But look again. Mark Mullins, of New Orleans, Louisiana, electric trombonist and lead vocalist in brass-fronted rock band Bonerama (, plays anything from "Helter Skelter" by The Beatles to "When the Levee Breaks" by Led Zeppelin. While typically thought of as guitar songs, Mullins was drawn to the sound and worked hard on translating classic rock riffs to his trombone.
electric trombone
While transcribing guitar music on the trombone, Mullins was pleased to find that the differences in the two instruments are only skin deep–frets and strings have more in common with breath and slides than you might think.
Slide and Frets
A trombone slide has seven positions that are similar to the frets on a guitar. "Each position on a trombone is a half step, just like traveling down the fret board," Mullins says. "It's easiest to think of it like a fretless instrument."
Screaming Rock Sounds
Of course, the other similarity between a distorted rock guitar and a trombone is that throaty, dark sound, which can be made even dirtier with stomp boxes. Mullins runs his trombone signal through a wah-wah pedal, harmonizer, and distortion pedal, and then into a guitar amplifier for a real guitar god sound.
Lips and Strings
For every fret on a guitar, there are six different notes you can play just by changing strings. Similarly, you can get several different notes for each slide position by changing the air flow. "The strings are invisible on the trombone, because the strings are similar to the size of the air opening of your lips," Mullins explains. "Make a smaller hole, and jump to another string. It's really very similar."
Thriving on a Riff
The similarities mean that riff-based rock music is very accessible on a trombone, as well as special effects and techniques. "The ability to bend notes with the slide in a subtle way is like the way a guitar player would pull on a string," says Mullins. "All of these things together contribute to the ability for riff-based guitar music to translate seamlessly to the trombone."
This article is from our November-December 2010 issue. Click to order!
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To develop disaster mitigation measures in coastal regions affected by earthquakes, it is important to consider the effects of both seismic and tsunami hazards on road structures and assess the social impacts associated with the economic loss and reduction in network functionality. In this paper, a risk- and resilience-based assessment framework is established for road networks under both seismic and tsunami hazards. In the proposed methodology, the risk and resilience are quantified by the economic loss and postdisaster functionality of road networks, respectively. Uncertainties associated with estimations of fault movement, hazard intensity and structural vulnerability are considered when estimating the failure probability using Monte Carlo simulation. Moreover, structural vulnerability against tsunamis is estimated considering the effects of ground motion-induced damage on the reduction in tsunami capacity. As an illustrative example, the road networks in two Japanese cities expected to be affected by the anticipated Nankai Trough earthquake, which would cause strong ground motions and a subsequent tsunami, are analyzed. Finally, the retrofitting prioritization for various structures is discussed based on the risk and resilience quantified as performance indicators for social impacts.
ASJC Scopus subject areas


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Most Active Stories
Tue October 4, 2011
Eating Meals With Men May Mean Eating Less
It turns out that the gender of your dining companions makes a big difference in what you eat and how much you eat. The new research on dining habits — although small — adds a new dimension to the study of risk factors for obesity, and could also shed new light on eating disorders such as anorexia.
Both men and women appear to choose larger portions when they eat with women, and both men and women choose smaller portions when they eat in the company of men, according to new research published in the Journal of Applied Social Psychology.
The study, conducted among a sample of 127 college students, suggests that both men and women are influenced by unconscious scripts about how to behave in each other's company. And, these scripts change the way men and women eat when they eat together and when they eat apart.
Molly Allen-O'Donnell, then a graduate student at Indiana University of Pennsylvania, wanted to find out if what we eat is influenced by our peers. Allen-O'Donnell sat at a popular college eatery and observed how much food people purchased for lunch and dinner.
"I sat in a table so I could see what people were purchasing without really being intrusive," she said.
Allen-O'Donnell then observed whether students ate alone or with company. If they sat in groups, she counted the size of the groups. After asking permission from the people she'd observed, Allen-O'Donnell also documented whether people sat with friends or romantic partners, and whether or not they thought themselves overweight.
While multiple factors were correlated with how much people ate, Allen-O'Donnell and her co-authors found that the gender of people's dining partners seemed decisive.
When women sat with other women, for example, they ordered an average of 833 calories. When they ate with men, on the other hand, they purchased only 721 calories on average.
Allen-O'Donnell and co-author Marci Cottingham at the University of Akron said in interviews that they expected women would choose to eat less food when they ate in the company of men, since cultural norms in the West tell women to peck at their food in the company of men.
Prior research has suggested that women's beliefs about what constitutes appropriate eating portions in the presence of men could be responsible in part for eating disorders such as anorexia.
The surprise was the men – think of a group of guys holding back on the wings at a tailgate party or a Superbowl pigout. But when men sat with other men, they ordered an average of only 952 calories. When they sat with women, they ordered 1162 calories.
Allen-O'Donnell and Cottingham also acknowledged it was possible that unconscious scripts about how much to eat were at work when people sat down to a meal with someone of their own sex, not just when people sat down with someone of the opposite sex.
None of the participants that Allen-O'Donnell spoke with said they were aware that the gender of their dining partners affected how much food they purchased.
The point of the research, the researchers said, was to get people to realize that context mattered — even when it comes to food. Once people were aware that they could be unconsciously influenced in their dining choices, they might make eating decisions more deliberately.


text: The hot embossing of electron beam generated structures with linewidths 0.35-3.25 μm has been examined in biaxially-oriented polypropylene (BOPP). The individual test elements consisted of pixels of 30 x 30 μm with a specific configuration of symbols and lettering. The embossing of these features has been performed as a function of temperature (80-140 °C) and applied pressure (2-20 kPa). Significant increases in both embossed depth and sidewall angle was evident over the temperature range 100 to 130 °C with a leveling off at higher temperatures attributed to the onset of a regime of viscous liquid flow. At temperatures within this regime, a critical level of pressure was required to fill the mold features. Accurate embossing of medium and coarse lettering (0.50-0.65 μm linewidth) and geometric symbols (1.25-3.25 μm linewidth) has been demonstrated at a temperature of 130 °C and an applied pressure of 13 kPa. The finest lettering (0.35 μm linewidth) was incompletely embossed under these conditions.


In the following tables ADVISOR and TAUGHTBYare foreign keyd…
In the following tables ADVISOR and TAUGHTBYare foreign keyd referring to the table PROFESSOR. ROLLNO and COURSEID in ENROLLMENT refer to tables with primary keys of the same name. STUDENT(ROLLNO, NAME, AGE, GENDER, ADDRESS, ADVISOR) COURSE(COURSEID, CNAME, TAUGHTBY, CREDITS) PROFESSOR(PROFID,PNAME, PHONE) ENROLLMENT(ROLLNO, COURSEID, GRADE) Write SQL expressions for the following queries: (i) Names of courses taught by 'Prof. Raju. (ii) Names of students who have not enrolled for any course taught by 'Prof. Ganapathy'. (iii) For each course, name'_tie r of students enrolled for the course.
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Vulgarity is the quality of being crude and lacking refinement. Fart jokes and swearing are both forms of vulgarity.
One of the criteria used in assessing whether a movie is rated PG-13, R or even X is how much vulgarity in involved. Vulgarity is the quality of being offensive and crass. Fart jokes, sexual humor, and obscenities are all examples of vulgarity. A R-rated movie or TV show on cable likely has some vulgarity. Vulgarity doesn't get much respect because it appeals to people's cruder instincts.
Definitions of vulgarity
n the quality of lacking taste and refinement
coarseness, commonness, grossness, raunch, vulgarism
Type of:
the quality of lacking refinement and good taste
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DebianLinuxTutorials
How To Install Go on Debian 9 Stretch
Install Go on Debian 9 Stretch
In this tutorial, we will show you how to install Go on Debian 9 Stretch. For those of you who didn't know, Go also known as Golang is an open-source programming language that makes it easy to build simple, reliable, and efficient software. In a nutshell, Go is an elegant language with clean and concise specifications that are readable and comprehensive. One of the major strengths of Golang is its concurrency, which means multiple processes of the Go applications can run at the same time.
This article assumes you have at least basic knowledge of Linux, know how to use the shell, and most importantly, you host your site on your own VPS. The installation is quite simple and assumes you are running in the root account, if not you may need to add 'sudo' to the commands to get root privileges. I will show you the step-by-step installation Go on a Debian 9 (Stretch) server.
Prerequisites
 - A server running one of the following operating systems: Debian 9 (Stretch).
 - It's recommended that you use a fresh OS install to prevent any potential issues.
 - SSH access to the server (or just open Terminal if you're on a desktop).
 - A non-root sudo user or access to the root user. We recommend acting as a non-root sudo user, however, as you can harm your system if you're not careful when acting as the root.
Install Go on Debian 9 Stretch
Step 1. Before we install any software, it's important to make sure your system is up to date by running the following apt-get commands in the terminal:
apt-get update
apt-get upgrade
Step 2. Installing Go on Debian 9.
First, go to the home directory and download Go tarball by using curl command:
cd ~ && curl -O _URL_
Now extract the downloaded tarball using the following command inside /usr/local directory:
sudo tar -C /usr/local -xzf go1.11.5.linux-amd64.tar.gz
Then, You should set PATH in order to find Go executable binaries by the system:
sudo nano ~/.profile
Add the following file:
export GOPATH=$HOME/work
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/go/bin:$GOPATH/bin
Next, save and exit the file then reload the profile running the below command:
source ~/.profile
You can confirm with the Go version installed:
### go version
go version go1.11.5 linux/amd64
Congratulations! You have successfully installed Go. Thanks for using this tutorial for installing the latest version of Golang on the Debian 9 server. For additional help or useful information, we recommend you to check the official Go programming language website.
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text: Efficient high speed propulsion requires exploiting the cooling capability of the cryogenic fuel in the propulsion cycle. This paper presents the numerical model of a combined cycle engine while in air turbo-rocket configuration. Specific models of the various heat exchanger modules and the turbomachinery elements were developed to represent the physical behavior at off-design operation. The dynamic nature of the model allows the introduction of the engine control logic that limits the operation of certain subcomponents and extends the overall engine operational envelope. The specific impulse and uninstalled thrust are detailed while flying a determined trajectory between Mach 2.5 and 5 for varying throttling levels throughout the operational envelope.


Woodrow Charles "Woody" Herman (May 16, 1913 – October 29, 1987) was an American jazz clarinetist, alto and soprano saxophonist, singer, and big band leader.
Leading various groups called "The Herd", Herman was one of the most popular of the 1930s and 1940s bandleaders. His bands often played music that was experimental for its time. He was a featured halftime performer for Super Bowl VII. WIKIPEDIA Herman was born Woodrow Charles Thomas Herrman in Milwaukee, Wisconsin on May 16, 1913. His parents were Otto and Myrtle Herrman. His father had a deep love for show business and this influenced Woody Herman at an early age. As a child he worked as a singer and tap-dancer in Vaudeville, then started to play the clarinet and saxophone by age 12. In 1931, he met Charlotte Neste, an aspiring actress; they married on September 27, 1936. Woody Herman joined the Tom Gerun band and his first recorded vocals were "Lonesome Me" and "My Heart's at Ease". Herman also performed with the Harry Sosnick orchestra, Gus Arnheim and Isham Jones. Isham Jones wrote many popular songs, including "It Had to Be You" and at some point was tiring of the demands of leading a band. Jones wanted to live off the residuals of his songs; Woody Herman saw the chance to lead his former band, and eventually acquired the remains of the orchestra after Jones' retirement.


Playframework Routes – Part 2, Advanced Use Cases
Play Routes – Part 2, Advanced Use Cases
Localized routes
There are different approaches to managing the user's locale in a multi-language site. If most of the content is only available after log-in, a cookie backed by an entry in the User table should be enough. On your landing page you check for the Accept-Language header or check the IP address. Just make sure that Google Bot can index all publicly visible pages.
On content-heavy sites, one Google-compatible approach is to define the language in the URL. The first component of the URL should be the language (or, if really needed, both language and country). Using the first part of the URL not only to make it easier to differentiate for the user but also to makes it easier to manage the site in Webmaster Tools.
We have two options here. Either we define a regex, or we hard-code our supported languages. The second approach must be chosen when we optimize for Google (see section below).
# Map to language via RegEx
/$language< [a-z]{2}>/videos/:id controllers.Video.showVideo(id: Long, language: String)
# Hard-code supported languages
/de/videos/:id controllers.Video.showVideo(id: Long, language = "de")
/en/videos/:id controllers.Video.showVideo(id: Long, language = "en")
In Java, you have to pass the language from the route down to the template (even if the language is marked implicit in the template).
public static Result showVideo(Long id, String language) {
 return ok(video.render(Video.forId(id), Lang.forCode(language)));
}
In Scala, this can be solved much more elegantly using Action composition. If you're a Java-only developer, you might want to skip this part because you will get jealous.
First we define a trait Localized with an Action that accepts the language as a parameter.
def ActionWithLanguage(language: String)(f: LocalizedRequest[AnyContent] => Result): Action[AnyContent] = Action { implicit request =>
 f(new LocalizedRequest(request, (Lang(language))))
}
LocalizedRequest is just a wrapped request that makes it easier to use the resolved Lang in the controller.
case class LocalizedRequest[A](request: Request[A], lang: Lang) extends WrappedRequest(request)
All we need now is is to override the implicit language resolution method. We also do this inside the Localized trait.
trait Localized extends Controller {
 override implicit def lang(implicit request: RequestHeader): Lang = request match {
 case lr: LocalizedRequest[_] => lr.lang
 case _ => Lang("en") // or retrieve the Accept-Language header here
 }
}
A localized controller now looks like this:
object Video extends Controller with Localized {
 def showVideo(id: Long, language: String) = ActionWithLanguage(language) { implicit request =>
 Ok(views.html.video(Video.forId(id)))
 }
}
SEO-optimized routes
You can not only localize the route with a language prefix, but also use fixed parameters to translate the path itself. So instead of /de/help your German route would be /hilfe or /de/hilfe. It's unclear at this point if you actually get a better Google ranking, but at the very least it improves click-through rates.
As shown in the first part, you can fix parameters for a given path:
/de/hilfe controllers.Help.show(language = "de")
/fr/aide controllers.Help.show(language = "fr")
# If English is your default or fall-back language
/help controllers.Help.show(language: String)
# If you want to enable new languages without touching each and every route (also avoids compiler warnings)
/$language< [a-z]{2}>/help controllers.Help.show(language: String)
As mentioned in the first part, the reverse router will make sure that your SEO-optimized routes will resolve correctly, i.e. routes.Help.show(language = "de") will resolve to /de/hilfe.
A few more words on SEO: when you redirect pages that are relevant to Google from one route to another, (e.g. when a username has changed) don't use redirect() (or Redirect() in Scala), but permanentlyMoved(). The former action's HTTP status code is 302, which Google doesn't like, while the latter's is Google's preferred 301.
Binders
Let's say you don't just want to localize your routes by language, but also by country if applicable. You could either define two Strings for each route, or rather reuse Play's Lang class (play.i18n.Lang or play.api.i18n.Lang respectively) which already supports both language and country and offers some convenience methods. This also avoids having to convert from a String to a Lang in your actions or templates.
# Two parameters
GET /$language< [a-z]{2}>/$country< [A-Z]{2}>/article/:artNo controllers.Articles.showArticle(artNo: String, language: String, country: String)
# Instance of Lang
GET /$locale< [a-z]{2}-[A-Z]{2}>/article/:artNo controllers.Articles.showArticle(artNo: String, locale: Lang)
This example is a bit contrived because in reality, you'd probably deploy this app to multiple top-level domains. On the other hand, a .com domain is still the most powerful TLD, and, important for an upstarting business, it allows you to concentrate all link power to one domain.
Since Play cannot know how to bind this parameter to a Lang instance, we have to write a Binder. For this we have to implement a QueryStringBindable (used for query parameters) and/or a LangPathBindable (for path parameters). In Scala, we write implicit objects for this so that Play can resolve them automatically.
package extensions
object Binders {
 implicit object LangPathBindable extends PathBindable[Lang] {
 def bind(key: String, value: String) = try {
 Right(Lang(value))
 } catch {
 case e: Exception => Left("Cannot parse parameter '" + key + "' as Lang")
 }
 def unbind(key: String, value: Lang): String = value.code
 }
}
Lang's apply(code: String) method does all the work of separating the input into language and country (or just language if no country is given).
Finally, we'll tell Play to use the new Binder in project/Build.scala like this:
val main = PlayProject(appName, appVersion, appDependencies, mainLang = SCALA).settings(
 routesImport += "extensions.Binders._"
)
In our actions we can now use the Lang or pass it to an action method so we have it in scope in our templates.
Unfortunately, this doesn't work well in Java as laid out in this Stackoverflow post. The best option is to use a Scala binder even in a Java project.
Summary
Congratulations, you have now learned a lot about routes. I've also set up a GitHub repo here with all the examples from above in both Java and Scala and some more.
Reference
Posted in Programming Tagged with: , ,
3 comments on "Playframework Routes – Part 2, Advanced Use Cases
 1. Malte says:
 Thanks for this tutorial! Everything works fine when I call Messages from within a Controller, but when I call it from within a Template I always get one single language. Do you know if this is a bug?
 - marius says:
 Are you sure you are passing the language to the template? It must be in implicit scope! If it doesn't work, contact me directly and I can help you out.
 2. Gavin says:
 Very good article. Saved my day!
 For Play 2.3.x, do the routes import as follow.
 *build.sbt*
 import play.PlayImport.PlayKeys._
 routesImport ++= Seq(
 "extensions.Binders._",
 "play.api.i18n.Lang"
 )
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text:
Rh-Negative Blood Type Traits: Large Head, Low Blood Pressure--and Alien Ancestors? The majority of people in any region are Rh positive. Caucasians are the most likely to be Rh negative, with approximately 17% of blood donors demonstrating a lack of this protein and highest in Basques. Native Americans are the next highest proportion of the population to test as Rh negative: approximately 10% of donors from this population lack this protein.
Rh-Negative Blood Type Traits and Characteristics: Large Head, Low Blood Pressure--and Possible Alien Ancestors?


text:
Reading menus and drive directories
Computer books, tutorials, lessons and articles frequently need to direct the user to a specific menu. While I have the luxury of using as many screen shots as I want, a number of post to this blog are turned into articles for user group magazines and other publications. While there are many different ways to attempt to lead a reader to a specific menu, many authors use a system similar to this:
Finder > Menu Bar > Go > iDisk > Other User's Public Folder…
or perhaps this example:
Safari > Menu Bar > File > Mail Link to this Page.
In both examples, the name of the active program (Finder in the first, Safari in the second) begins the line. Then the > symbol is used to designate a specific location.
So, Finder > Menu Bar > Go > iDisk > Other User's Public Folder… might replace:
Make the Finder the active application. Go to the Menu bar at the top of the page and locate the "Go" menu. Go down to "iDisk, then go sideways to "Other User's Public Folder.
Safari > Menu bar > File > Mail Link to this Page might replace:
Make Safari the active application. Go to the Menu bar at the top of the page and locate the File menu. Pull down the File menu to Mail Link to This Page.
When writers are referring to paths for files they use a similar system. If you were being directed to Disk Utility, it might be written:
Macintosh HD > Applications > Utilities > Disk Utility.
Another similar system is:
Macintosh HD: Applications: Utilities: Disk Utility.
I prefer the first example. In fact, when I am writing directions to menu items or file locations, I read ">" as "go to."
There is one more thing to note. The ellipses (&hellip is used in menus to let you know that you will next see a dialog box. For example, Finder > Menu Bar > Go > iDisk > Other User's Public Folder… will lead you to this dialog box:
If you want to add an ellipses to your writing, press Command > ;.
Here's a warm welcome to the participants in last week's seminar. Thanks for spending the day with me!


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text:
Question: Given the function tan(x) = x, derive two fixed po...
Given the function tan(x) = x, derive two fixed point iteration
formulas. Develop a
Matlab code implementing fixed-point iterations and test both
functions. Which one converges for
an initial guess of xo = 0.5 radians?
No answer yet. Submit this question to the community.


text:
OnRPG has partnered with Asobo Studio to welcome players into the alpha testing of The Last Frontier, a futuristic MMO Shooter focused on exploring and profiting off alien worlds.
Exidium Corporation is an industrial and research consortium focusing on space exploration and planetary excavation. Leader in its field, the corporation has become the reference for outer space expatriations, colonization, environment analysis and indigenous threat control. Exidium's activities include notably:
- Exploring distant space in search of colonizable planets, extractable resources, undiscovered lifeforms or stellar phenomena data gathering,
- Manufacturing and delivering high-end equipment required for the above tasks,
- Transporting pioneers to exoplanets and supplying colonies,
- Researching new technologies on various areas, such as defense, transport, communication, maintenance, energy etc…,
- Securing commercial routes.
- To Redeem your Key:
- Connect to _URL_
- Click on : Register Now
- Follow the instructions to redeem your key.


By now most public schools in around the Northland have announced their plans for the upcoming school year - with reopening plans dictated largely by the response to the COVID-19 pandemic. It's those concerns that will see two less teachers in the Superior school district when students come back in September.
The Superior School Board accepted the resignations of five teachers at their most-recent meeting on August 10 - two of which specifically mentioned their concerns about COVID-19 as the reason behind their decision. The teachers in question are from the Superior High School and Northern Lights Elementary School.
In one case - the teacher from Northern Lights Elementary - the concern was based on the large number of students she comes in contact with throughout the day. Her position was a specialist - teaching music - and she had broad contact with most of the students in the building. The other teacher - at the high school - teaches in the English department. She cited that she worries about getting sick and also getting her family sick.
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All five of the teachers - the two citing COVID-19 and the other three who are leaving for other reasons - are being held liable for liquidated damages. According to news sources, those damages vary between "$750 and $1,500 depending on when they made their resignation request." The concept of liquidated damages is foreign to many outside of the education world, but it has become commonplace at most public school school districts and many private schools. Superior School District Administrator Amy Starzecki explains:
"We added liquidated damages to the contract a few years ago to make up for things that we lost out when a teacher left closer to the start of school. [Those items that the district takes a loss on] include[...] their health savings account contribution, the cost to recruit someone for the position and the cost of a long-term substitute teacher."
The Superior School Board did make adjustments to the liquidated damages assessed to one of the teachers; that teacher asked for "leniency" as a result of the unprecedented times we're going through.
7 Ways People Are Wearing Masks Wrong


text:
Firesetting. Illustrated by Agricola in the 1550s, this picture shows the technique of firesetting which has been used from prehistoric times to fairly recently as a way of softening rock. Fires are lit against the rock and the action of heat softens the rock. It is often said that the miners would then throw water over the rock to fracture it but given the risk from smoke and rock fragments, this seems unlikely.
(Left.) Pillar Mine. The entrance section of Pillar Mine is rounded and smooth, classic signs of firesetting. Alderley Edge was covered with scrub and small trees which would have provided good material for fires. There is no proof that firesetting was used here as the site has been heavily disturbed by visitors through the centuries. The blackening of the rock is recent and cannot be taken as an indication of firesetting.
Copyright DCC and Nigel Dibben: 2013
Last updated: 07/05/2010
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text:
outer perineal anatomy female female anatomy diagram where is the cliturous located diagram diagram if cliterous and uritha female private part diagram perineum anatomy clortis diagram hair anatomy diagram
Cliterous Diagram Whats NewCliterous diagram
Clitotis Diagram Outer Perineal Anatomy Female Women's Body Parts Human Reproductive System Diagram Vulvar Vestibule diagram if cliterous and uritha Where Is the Cliturous Located Diagram Trapdoor Spider Diagram Human Anatomy External Pudendal Nerve Course Female Private Part Diagram Wiring diagram is a technique of describing the configuration of electrical equipment installation, eg electrical installation equipment in the substation on CB, from panel to box CB that covers telecontrol & telesignaling aspect, telemetering, all aspects that require wiring diagram, used to locate interference, New auxillary, etc.cliterous diagram
This schematic diagram serves to provide an understanding of the functions and workings of an installation in detail, describing the equipment / installation parts (in symbol form) and the connections.cliterous diagram
This circuit diagram shows the overall functioning of a circuit. All of its essential components and connections are illustrated by graphic symbols arranged to describe operations as clearly as possible but without regard to the physical form of the various items, components or connections.


text:
To print a list of all the occurrences of a specified symbol, use whereis symbol, where symbol can be any user-defined identifier. For example:
(dbx) whereis table forward: 'Blocks'block_draw.cc'table function: 'Blocks'block.cc'table::table(char*, int, int, const point&) class: 'Blocks'block.cc'table class: 'Blocks'main.cc'table variable: 'libc.so.1'hsearch.c'table
The output includes the name of the loadable objects where the program defines symbol, as well as the kind of entity each object is: class, function, or variable.
Because information from the dbx symbol table is read in as it is needed, the whereis command registers only occurrences of a symbol that are already loaded. As a debugging session gets longer, the list of occurrences can grow (see Debugging Information in Object Files and Executables).
For more information, see whereis Command.


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Shotover Jet Boat (New Zealand)
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Sightseeing Type: Tours
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 23.10.2009 14:55
 Very helpful
 A fun way to spend an afternoon. Family friendly - the children will enjoy this.
 Shotover Jet is the name of a New Zealand adventure company based in Shotover Canyon, near Queenstown, New Zealand. They offer what is apparently the world's most exciting Jet Boat right through the steeply walled canyon.
 ===What is a jet boat and how does it work?===
 You may be wondering what jet boating is. Imagine, if you will, a cross between a hovercraft and a motor boat that can carry up to 28 passengers. These are very rapid boats that can operate in very shallow water and move very close to obstacles. This is ideal for the famous braided rivers of the South Island, which are twisty, shallow, meander over the seasons and have many frequent obstacles.
 Unlike a propeller driven boat, these boats are powered by jets of water. The water is sucked up through two inlet areas underneath the boat, and then jetted powerfully out of the two rear jets to provide both steering and propulsion. The direction the jets point in is adjustable, which means that the jets are also used for very rapid braking. By combining the two jets and separately adjusting the power, the boats can make extremely rapid changes in direction and speed and operate in only a few inches of water.
 ===Jet boating as a sport===
 Of course, this is New Zealand, so what was initially a practical way of getting around has been developed into an adventure sport - these boats are driven to thrill! The sport boats have four tiered rows of seats, with the rear ones being raised above the front ones - partly for a better view, but also because that's where the jet is. Heated hand rails make the experience a little bit more comfortable, but do take a woolly hat to keep warm and your sunglasses to keep the wind out of your eyes. And make sure you hold on for the sharper turns, because you do slide all over the place.
 The most fun thing that can be done in a jet boat (but not in normal boats) is a 360-degree spin that is virtually on the spot. It's a little bit like a handbrake turn; by angling the jets just right, you do a tight left hand or right hand spin and go all the way around. This causes the occupants to be flung around the boat (hold on!) and a big splash that soaks half of the boat. For this reason, the driver will mix left hand and right hand spins to ensure that everyone ends up with a sexy punk drowned rat hairstyle by the end of the trip.
 ===Shotover Canyon===
 Shotover canyon is a steeply walled narrow gorge, filled which white, churning water and a myriad of rocky obstacles, only some of which are visible above the water line. It is through this treacherous passage that the boats journey. Very rapidly. The pilots know their boats well, so drive extremely close to the walls for maximum adrenaline rush. You are being filmed for the duration of the ride by a camera at the front of the boat and another one at the rear. Selected clips of this (presumably the best) are made available as a pricy souvenir at the end of the ride. So overact the fear to your heart's content as you near the walls, or yawn and look bored, as you choose.
 ===Safety and comfort===
 For safety reasons, you wear life jackets and for comfort, you don waterproofs. Don't expect these to keep you dry - you will be soaked by the end of it, particularly if you sit in one of the edge seats. The edge seats are definitely more fun - do take one of those. All of your bags and other possessions will be left in secure lockers whilst you are on the boat, but I generally don't bring anything I can't afford to lose just in case.
 ===The price===
 The jet boat ride costs NZD$109 (about £45) for adults and $69 for children. So this is not a cheap activity, but adrenaline sports in New Zealand are generally extremely pricy, so this is not an unreasonable price. A bus to the canyon is provided as part of the price. You should budget about another £10-20 per person for souvenirs, such as the video or a t-shirt.
 ===Is it the most exciting Jet Boat ride in the world?===
 We also went Jet Boating on a river near Te Anau, so this was our second experience of the sport. Shotover was a little bit more exciting (because of the fear we were going to drive into the walls), but as adrenaline sports go, this is definitely extremely tame. But tame doesn't mean boring - it was plenty fun enough. So perhaps it is true that it is the most exciting in the world, but that's not saying very much. It does however, have a huge celebrity following. There is a wall of photographs of famous celebrities going boating, including many rock and film stars.
 ===Other things===
 They do have a minimum age of 3 years old, and insist on adults accompanying young children. People with medical conditions should speak with them about individual requirements. It does involve a fairly steep walk down to the river, but there is access for people with limited mobility.
 There is a cafe and a shop at the centre. We didn't have much time to try these because we were there at the end of the day and the last shuttle bus of the day was waiting for us. Overall, you should expect the round trip to take about 1.5 -2 hours, including boat ride. It is a good idea to book in advance, particularly in busy times, but in April (Autumn in NZ), we were able to turn up on the day and get seats. Opening hours vary on the time of year, but this sport requires good light, so usually finishes around 3.30-4.30 depending on time of year.
 An excellent choice for a family friendly adventure sport if you are in New Zealand. Fairly tame, but lots of fun.
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 Ride a Jet boat through Shotover canyon (near Queenstown, NZ)


Number of groups of prime power order
John Baez left a comment on my post on group statistics saying
It's known that the number of groups of order p^n for prime p is p^{2n^3/27+O(n^(8/3))}. It might be fun to compare this to what Mathematica says.
Here goes. First let's let p = 2. Mathematica's FiniteGroupCount function tops out at n = 10. And for the range of values Mathematica does support, 2^{2n^3/27} grossly overestimates the number of groups.
 Table[{FiniteGroupCount[2^n], 2^((2./27) n^3)}, {n, 1, 11}]
 {{1, 1.05269}, {2, 1.50795}, {5, 4.}, {14, 26.7365},
 {51, 612.794}, {267, 65536.}, {2328, 4.45033*10^7},
 {56092, 2.61121*10^11}, {_PHONE_, 1.80144*10^16},
 {49487365422, 1.98847*10^22}, {FiniteGroupCount[2048], 4.7789*10^29}}
OEIS has entries for the sizes of various groups, and the entry for powers of 2 confirms the asymptotic formula above. Maybe it's not a good approximation until n is very large. (Update: Here's a reference for the asymptotic expression for all p.)
The OEIS entry for number of groups of order powers of 5 has an interesting result:
For a prime p >= 5, the number of groups of order p^n begins 1, 1, 2, 5, 15,
61 + 2*p + 2*gcd (p – 1, 3) + gcd (p – 1, 4),
3*p^2 + 39*p + 344 + 24*gcd(p – 1, 3) + 11*gcd(p – 1, 4) + 2*gcd(p – 1, 5), …
We can duplicate this with Mathematica.
 Table[FiniteGroupCount[5^n], {n, 0, 6}]
 {1, 1, 2, 5, 15, 77, 684}
and the last two numbers match the calculations given in OEIS.
There's something interesting going on with Mathematica. It doesn't seem to know, or agree with, the formula above for groups of order p4. For example,
 Table[FiniteGroupCount[7^n], {n, 0, 6}]
 {1, 1, 2, 5, FiniteGroupCount[2401], 83, 860}
I get similar results when I use larger primes: it can't handle the fourth power.
 Table[FiniteGroupCount[389^n], {n, 0, 6}]
 {1, 1, 2, 5, FiniteGroupCount[22898045041], 845, 469548}
The results for n = 5 and 6 agree with OEIS.
Is OEIS wrong about the number of groups of order p4 or should Mathematica simply return 15 but there's a gap in the software?
Also, does anybody know why the agreement with the asymptotic formula above is so bad? It's just as bad or worse for other primes that I tried.
More algebra posts
4 thoughts on "Number of groups of prime power order
 1. Just looking at that formula, it doesn't seem like you should expect it to give a "good" approximation. The big-oh term has a power of 8/3, compared to 3 for the leading term (so you wouldn't expect it to be that small for the values of n you're looking at, even if the constant in the big-oh term is not astronomically large), and, more importantly, it's in the exponent. In other words, the ratio of the logarithms approaches 1, although probably slowly, but the actual ratio of FiniteGroupCount to the approximation might not even approach 1 at all.
 2. Including the big-oh term would make the upper bound even worse. The estimate is already off by several orders of magnitude without it. So unless I'm missing something, the expression has no practical utility.
 3. Yes, the number of groups of order p^4 is 15 unless p=2. I suspect it was accidentally overlooked in Mathematica.
 4. If my understanding of the notation is correct, the big-oh term is an error term which could be either positive or negative, much like writing sin(x) = x + O(x^3) for x close to 0. In the examples in this post, it is clearly negative. The bound you get from this formula is a very weak bound, but it is at least a bound, which is better than nothing.
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DISCLAIMER: This is a blog post written originally for the Leiden Madtrics blog in which we summarize our findings in our most recent paper published in eLife. The original blog post can be accessed here.
Researchers collaborate specializing in specific tasks. However, the research evaluation system only rewards specific profiles of researchers, threatening the diversity of the science ecosystem.
In this blog post we discuss recent findings on the relation between career trajectories and task specialization. Research careers are commonly envisioned in evaluation schemes as homogeneous pathways in which individuals have to take a series of steps to advance. In each of these steps, researchers must comply with certain expectations, usually so embedded into our way of thinking of scientists that many countries and supranational agencies even explicitly address what is expected of individuals at each stage. The rationale behind this is to ensure that career paths align with academic positions, and describe the whole process from apprentice to colleague.
Examples of such simplified vision of research careers can be found for instance in the Research Profiles defined by the European Commission (Figure 1), in which four stages are defined along with the expectations and requirements needed to reach each of them. In the description of such profiles words such as excellence and leadership are common, in many cases even used as interchangeable, sending the message that a hierarchical structure is expected in research teams, and that this hierarchical structure is directly linked to seniority. But one might question to what extent those expectations match reality. Is there such a strong link between career stages and researcher profiles? And what happens when researchers deviate from such expected roles?
In this post we discuss our findings after designing a model based on a machine learning algorithm to predict the probability of scientists to contribute in specific ways over their complete career, based on the contribution statements of a seed of their publications. Based on our predictions we were able to identify different archetypes of researchers across career stages. We distinguished between four career stages and compared differences between archetypes of researchers based on their career length, productivity, citation impact and gender. We observed differences on career length based on the archetype, plus gender differences on the type of profile researchers have at their early-career.
Distribution of labour and archetypes
There is increasing evidence that scientists tend to specialize on specific tasks during their career in order to be more efficient when collaborating to distribute the work among co-authors. Authors' contribution to publications is commonly associated with their position in author order, signaling middle positions as those conducting more technical and specialised (e.g., applying advanced methodologies) tasks, while first and last positions are commonly reserved to those leading the work. Of course, if the unique career path ideal resembles reality, one would expect junior scientists to be earning their stripes first in middle positions and contributing with technical expertise and later on moving towards leading roles. But in a recent study published in PNAS, the authors suggested that there is an increasing number of middle authors who never reach these leading positions, and furthermore, that their presence is crucial to ensure scientific progress. But, is their middle position related to task specialisation as they seemed to imply?
To answer this question, we trained a prediction model using a dataset of over 70,000 publications from PLOS journals (all data has been made openly accessible). This model used bibliographic and bibliometric variables to predict the probability of a given author to conduct a given contribution. We then retrieved the complete publication history of over 200,000 researchers from the original dataset, and predicted the probability of contributions for each paper and author. Figure 2 shows the distribution of our predicted probabilities distinguished by the career stage in which researchers conduct each contribution.
Just from inspecting these distributions, we do observe that some contributions are indeed more aligned with career stages than others, but that such distinction is not as clear as one would imagine. Still, we are not able to discern if individuals consistently carry on the same contributions when collaborating.
This is where we used Robust Archetypal Analysis, a technique that identifies archetypes, which accentuates specific features of individuals' population. To our surprise we found consistent similarities between archetypes across stages, with two archetypes at the junior stage (specialized and supporting), three at the earlyand mid-career stages (leader, specialized and supporting), and two at the late-career stage (leader and supporting). Leader profiles are characterized by high probabilities on writing the paper and conceiving and designing the study. Specialized archetypes are researchers who are in charge of performing experiments, but also may play a role on the writing, conception of the study and analysis of data. Finally, supporting authors conduct more marginal contributions to papers.
Career trajectories, productivity, impact and gender
The archetypal analysis provides evidence that scientists specialize on specific tasks during their careers, but do they exhibit the same profile during their whole trajectory? Are there differences in their performance? Do we observe differences by gender on the profile of scientists? To answer these questions, an archetype was assigned to each researcher, at each career stage, and the trajectories of archetypes inspected. Figure 3 shows these flows. The first thing we notice is that a researcher's profile seems to influence their possibility of making it to the next stage. A larger share of leaders make it to the next stage, followed by specialized and last, supporting. Furthermore, leader profiles seem to be more versatile than the rest, that is, they seem to more easily shift from the leading profile to any of the other two.
In terms of productivity and citations however, leaders and supporters show a better performance than specialists. This means that evaluation based on productivity and citation metrics may be undermining specific and indeed valuable profiles of researchers. But most worryingly, we find that there are gender differences at the early-career stage. That is, most male scientists at this stage show either a specialized or leader profile, while for women there is a strong bias towards the former. At this critical stage, this could be affecting women's career prospects in a definite way, as their performance is hindered by the type of tasks they perform, as our results suggest.
Revising assumptions and looking forward
This study is part of the 'Unveiling the Ecosystem of Science' project, in which we aim to systematically analyze the diversity of profiles in science, with the hope of devising methodological tools that can improve current evaluation systems. With this specific study we also look into the potential of surpassing the well-known limitations of authorship by going beyond equal attribution of credit among authors. An example of this can be observed in Figure 4, where we look at the share of scientists by archetype and career stage publishing either as first, middle or last author. Here we observe that neither seniority nor archetype are always the ruling criteria as normally assumed.
With this study we hope to continue the conversation into looking at diversity in science. How to design tools that can improve our understanding of this diversity, and design evaluation tools that can contribute to maximize efforts and ensure an hospitable work environment for researchers. We need to ensure that evaluations do not add constraints and stress that can destabilize the ecosystem of science. Narrow definitions of excellence and poorly designed research careers, not only work against the progress of science, but affect attitudes towards success and failure, as it "generate(s) hubris and anxiety among the winners and humiliation and resentment among the losers".


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Integrate prototyping into your development process! With the Pidoco API you can link wireframes and prototypes directly to your wikis, bug-tracking, requirements and project management systems.
Most professionals use different systems during development or even during the initial wireframing and prototyping stages to keep track of requirements, manage project progress, and communicate with others. Often, business users and developers use different systems. Pidoco helps bridge these gaps by providing a collaborative prototyping solution with central access to projects. But Pidoco offers more to help you deal with these communication challenges.
With the Pidoco API you can link your prototypes to other IT systems, for example by incorporating images of prototype pages into requirements systems or by adding prototypes to your enterprise wiki or project management system via direct links. If you want to integrate Pidoco even more closely with your existing IT systems and development tools, the Pidoco API provides an API key for your application to communicate with the prototype, which enables you to perform different operations like creating, reading, updating or deleting a resource from within other applications. Take advantage of the API access to improve your development or reporting.
- Embedding: Link up to prototypes directly from within existing applications for easy access.
- Collaboration: Bridge gaps between different users and IT systems.
- Integration: Integrate prototyping with your development processes using API keys.
- Convenience: Use up-to-date visuals for development and reporting.
Your Benefits with Pidoco:
- Improve teamwork with easy access
- Communicate across systems and roles
- Integrate seamlessly with IT systems
- Link prototypes to enterprise wikis
- Integrate with project management
- Improve development processes


As already discussed here: Why we put 'A' after each Hindu name?, the subsequent "a" in an English transliteration word, is to interpret the Sanskrit word for full pronunciation.
 - RAma (राम) is neither RAmA (रामा) nor RAm (राम्)
 - Krushna (कृष्ण) is not KrushnA (कृष्णा)
 - Atma (आत्म) is not AtmA (आत्मा)
 -...
Similarly, Is it "भगवद्गीता" or "भगवद्गीत"?
Note: Though in the popular culture including wikipedia, it seems the 1st one, hardly it's spelled with last word as "A" or "ā".
 - गीता – Pandya Aug 17 '17 at 7:10
 - You might also be interested in: area51.stackexchange.com/proposals/109951/sanskrit-language – Jonathan Sep 14 '17 at 20:31
 - if you wanted to know why is गीता and not गीत, i think the answer is that Gita is referred to as Upanishad ( see Gitopanishatsu) at the end of the chapters. Upanishad is a stree-linga word. I think for that reason, instead of गीतम् or गीत, गीता is used. The heading of the question is what I am answering to and its NOT duplicate if this was your query:) – user17294 Feb 8 '19 at 4:08
It is भगवद्गीता, since it is a sacred song. There are other forms (गीत/गीतम् etc) which mean song / singer and so on but the word गीता in particular means a sacred song.
The Apte dictionary says:
गीता gītā
गीता [गै कर्मणि क्त] A name given to certain sacred writings in verse (often in the form of a dialogue) which are devoted to the exposition of particular religious and theosophical doctrines; e. g. शिवगीता, रामगीता, भगवद्गीता.
But the name appears to be especially confined to the last, the Bhagavadgītā;
गीतासुगीता कर्तव्या किमन्यैः शास्त्रविस्तरैः । या स्वयं पद्मनाभस्य मुखपद्माद्विनिःसृता ॥
quoted by Śrīdharasvāmin.
Note that आत्मा is the correct version since it's root is आत्मन् (नकारान्त पुल्लिङ्ग).
Also note that the English transliteration people use in this site is only halfway there: they should be spelling गीता as 'gItA' but rarely does anyone do it (nArAyaNIyam for example). They seem to only care for the आ and nothing else.
Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged.


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Singular system analysis of the Local Power Range Monitor (LPRM) readings of a Boiling Water Reactor (BWR) in an unstable event
Singular system analysis is a successful technique to separate oscillating components from a given signal. A methodology is proposed to apply this technique to the signals obtained from the LPRMs of a boiling water reactor core and extract the contributions of the in-phase oscillation and the out-of-phase oscillations from the LPRM readings during an unstable event. This methodology has been validated with synthetic signals and simulations of in-phase and out-of-phase oscillations of the Leibstadt reactor. Finally, one case of Ringhals I Stability Benchmark has been analysed.
Keywords: BWR instabilities, singular system analysis, LPRM signals, sinusoidal signals, boiling water reactors, nuclear reactors, nuclear energy, nuclear power, nuclear technology, nuclear science, local power range monitor, in-phase oscillation, out-of-phase oscillations, simulation, neutronic power signals


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Touch, Sexuality, and Hands in British Literature, 1740–1901
From Robert Lovelace's uninvited hand-grasps in Samuel Richardson's Clarissa to to Basil Hallward's first encounter with Dorian Gray, literary depictions of touching hands in British literature from the 1740s to the 1890s communicate emotional dimensions of sexual experience that reflect shifting cultural norms associated with gender roles, sexuality, and sexual expression. But what is the relationship between hands, tactility, and sexuality in Victorian literature? And how might scholars best interpret what those touches communicate between characters? This volume addresses these questions by asserting a connection between the prevalence of violent, sexually charged touches in eighteenth-century novels such as those by Eliza Haywood, Samuel Richardson, and Frances Burney and growing public concern over handshake etiquette in the nineteenth century evident in works by Jane Austen, the Brontës, George Eliot, Elizabeth Gaskell, Thomas Hardy, Oscar Wilde, and Flora Annie Steel. This book takes an interdisciplinary approach that combines literary analysis with close analyses of paintings, musical compositions, and nonfictional texts, such as etiquette books and scientific treatises, to make a case for the significance of tactility to eighteenthand nineteenth-century perceptions of selfhood and sexuality. In doing so, it draws attention to the communicative nature of skin-to-skin contact as represented in literature and traces a trajectory of meaning from the forceful grips that violate female characters in eighteenth-century novels to the consensual embraces common in Victorian and neo-Victorian literature.
Table of contents:
- Introduction: Touching the Victorians: A Theoretical Context
- Chapter 1: Rape: Hand-Grabbing in Samuel Richardson's Clarissa
- Chapter 2: Attraction: Reciprocal Touch in the Conduct Fiction of Fanny Burney and Jane Austen
- Chapter 3: Desire: Transgressing Handshake Etiquette in Jane Eyre and The Tenant of Wildfell Hall
- Chapter 4: Sexuality: The Tactile Erotics of Gloved and Ungloved Touch
- Chapter 5: Orientation: Queer Touch, Proximity, and Erotic Potential
- Epilogue: Touching Ourselves: A Neo-Victorian Case Study
About the Author:
Kimberly Cox is Assistant Professor of English at Chadron State College, where she teaches courses in British literature, gender and sexuality, multiethnic literature, literary theory, and composition. She received her PhD in Victorian literature and her graduate certificate in women's and gender studies from Stony Brook University. She served as managing editor of Victorian Literature and Culture from 2016 to 2018. Her work on hands, haptics, and sexuality has appeared in Victorian Network, Victorians: Journal of Culture and Literature, Nineteenth-Century Literature, and Nineteenth-Century Gender Studies,the journal for which she recently coedited the special issue "'Teaching to Transgress' in the Emergency Remote Classroom."


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World's slowest shark has to hunt sleeping seals
Being chased by a shark is the stuff of nightmares, but you wouldn't need to worry if it was this one - it's the world's slowest shark!
Scientists have tagged the Greenland shark and found they 'cruise' at just 34cm per second, which is slower than most people's walking speed.
They discovered the big fish were far too slow to catch a seal, their main source of food.
So researchers reckon the sharks have to sneak up on them while they sleep!
It's thought that these sharks swim this slowly because they want to save energy.
They live really far north where temperatures are near freezing - around 2 degrees Celsius.


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Antimicrobials from NZ Labs Help Make an India
Eco-friendly antimicrobial agents developed by a team of researchers at the University of Auckland could contribute in some of the key identified sectors in the nation-building "Make an India" initiative, according to an Indian-origin member of the scientific team.
Scientists associated with the Biocide ToolBox (BTB) programme are targeting the discovery and invention of eco-friendly biocides – chemical agents which control or kill bacteria – to design a range of products and solutions like antifouling coatings and food packaging.
The programme, funded by New Zealand's Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment (MBIE), is a major antimicrobial research programme hosted by the University of Auckland and closely associated with the University of Otago, Scion and the Hawthorn Institute in New Zealand.
"The initiatives taken in the BTB programme could contribute in some of the key identified sectors in 'Make and India', for example, chemicals, biotechnology, food processing [and] smart textiles," said Sudip Ray, a senior research fellow in the School of Chemical Sciences with the MBIE BioCide Toolbox and Product Accelerator Programme at University of Auckland, who was in Kolkata for a series of recent lectures.
BTB aims at the development of a toolbox of new greener biocides applicable in commercial and healthcare contexts, which contribute to New Zealand export growth.
The "Make an India" campaign was launched in 2014 as part of a wider set of nation-building initiatives devised to transform India into a global design and manufacturing hub.
Original article by Economic Times, December 27, 2016.


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STATE-OF-THE-ART technology is being used to provide up-to-date maps of where ticks – which can cause the potentially debilitating Lyme disease – are the most prevalent.
LymeMap is a phone app and web-based system that will help to identify tick hot-spots.
The pioneering project, which received £182,500 funding from the European Space Agency, has been launched in the Highlands, where ticks are a particular problem as they are found mainly in the countryside and woodland.
Through LymeMap, information and advice on ticks and Lyme disease will be available to members of the public, healthcare professionals, tourist organisations and bodies working outdoors or pursuing leisure pursuits.
The system will use GPS technology to provide information on a user's location as well as details such as the location's height, temperature and ground cover.
The person will be able to upload information on ticks and this – together with data from GPs and NHS Highland's National Lyme Borreliosis Testing Laboratory at Raigmore Hospital in Inverness – will help to produce maps showing where they are most prevalent.
Roger Evans, a clinical scientist with NHS Highland, one of the agencies collaborating in the project, said: "Lyme disease is the most common vector-borne human disease in the UK, and the number of cases reported in Scotland has increased ten-fold in the past 10 years.
"If it is not diagnosed and treated properly, it can lead to a severe and debilitating disease.
"Unfortunately, health organisations have limited effective tools at their disposal to reduce the incidence of Lyme disease.
"Resident and visiting populations need an approach that will help them prevent getting Lyme disease and manage exposure to ticks."
He added: "From a health and safety and an economic point of view, organisations and businesses that employ people exposed to infected ticks also need a better tool for preventing the disease.
"We believe that by using the latest technology and what's commonly called citizen science we can create an interactive and accurate Lyme disease identification and risk management system."
Professor George Gunn, project leader and head of Scotland's Rural College (SRUC)'s Epidemiology Research Unit, said: "This is an exciting opportunity for Scottish organisations to work together to make a tangible difference to the health of those working outdoors and outdoor enthusiasts who are most likely to be exposed to ticks.
"The ERU has particular expertise in data analysis and will be using this to create risk maps that vary by season and which will be used to help minimise the risk of ticks to users."
The one-year study will test the technical and commercial feasibility of LymeMap.
If it is successful, and subject to funding, the project is expected to move to a demonstrator phase before being commercialised.
There are plans to extend the system to other diseases that can be passed between animals and humans, as well as to other countries, again if funds are available.
The European Space Agency funding follows work facilitated by the Centre of Health Science to try to establish the true incidence of the disease in the Highlands and to look at new ways of tackling it.
The collaboration brings together a unique combination of health, veterinary and academic researchers with significant expertise in Lyme borreliosis (Lyme disease).
Dr Sarah-Anne Munoz, Senior Research Fellow in Rural Health at the University of the Highlands and Islands, said: "Our Rural Health and Wellbeing research group is pleased to be leading the stakeholder engagement element of LymeMap.
"We will be utilising tools developed through our previous research in participatory mapping to work with stakeholders such as farmers, foresters, outdoor leisure users and people who live in areas with high incidence of Lyme disease within the Highlands.
"Through community workshops and participatory research, we will disseminate and discuss information and data on Lyme disease with these stakeholders.
"Ultimately, this will help us to co-design risk prevention strategies with those who are most at risk. Information collected through our community engagement process will ensure that user input is at the heart of the development of the LymeMap application."
Lyme disease is carried by ticks that feed on the blood of mammals, including humans. People are at highest risk of contracting Lyme borreliosis in woodland, grassland and moorland areas, and so outdoor workers, tourists and outdoor enthusiasts are particularly vulnerable.
Tick bites often go unnoticed and the tick can remain feeding for several days before dropping off. The longer the tick is in place, the higher the risk of Lyme disease.
The reasons for the increasing incidence of Lyme borreliosis are not known, but may include ecological changes affecting the number of ticks or the proportion of ticks infected, as well as increasing recreational use of the countryside.
The disease can be found in at least 80 countries, making it an issue of worldwide significance.
Two companies are part of the consortium – the Environmental Research Group Oxford (ERGO) and Avia-GIS Agriculture and Veterinary Information and Analysis (AVIA-GIS), from Belgium.
ERGO specialise in the spatial modelling of vector-borne diseases and the development of satellite-derived environmental time series and will develop the proof of concept stage of LymeMap.
Avia-GIS specialize in the development of spatial information systems for disease management and will be in charge of conducting the economic and non-economic viability analysis.


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Enjoy this step-by-step guide on how to make a flax egg which you can use in your vegan baking for cakes, tarts, muffins and more!
- 1 tablespoon flaxseed powder/meal
- 2½ tablespoons water (or plant-based milk)
- In a small bowl, add the flaxseed meal.
- Pour in the water or the liquid you're using.
- Stir for about 10-15 seconds or until the flaxseed meal completely incorporates with the liquid.
- Let it sit for 10 minutes, it will turn into a gel-like consistency.
- It's now ready for use in your recipe!
- Diet: Vegan


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A new study from Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center shows that an increase in fat throughout the thigh is predictive of mobility loss in otherwise healthy older adults.
Lead author Kristen Beavers, Ph.D., and colleagues at Wake Forest Baptist said the findings suggest that prevention of age-related declines in walking speed isn't just about preserving muscle mass, it's also about preventing fat gain.
Walking speed declines with age, said Beavers, and in older adults slower walking speed is a predictor of disability, nursing home admission and even death. As such, she believes that walking speed represents an important, and potentially modifiable, predictor of independent living for older adults. Unfortunately, said Beavers, not much is known about what precedes this decline, although change in body composition seemed like a reasonable place to start the research. "As people age, they are more likely to gain fat in and around their muscles, and we speculated that gaining fat in the leg muscle itself would be related to slowed walking speed."
The researchers used data from the National Institute on Aging's Health, Aging, and Body Composition (Health ABC) study, a prospective cohort of several thousand initially well-functioning white and black adults aged 70-79. They looked at how changes in fat and lean mass affected walking speed, and were specifically interested in whether changes in thigh intermuscular fat or thigh muscle area were more predictive of slowed walking speed.
A study sample of 2,306 men and women was reviewed, with a mean age of 74.6 years. Walking speed was assessed by measuring the usual time it took participants to complete a 20-minute walk, and they were tested annually over a four-year period. Body composition measures were assessed via computed tomography (CT).


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Definition from Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also Genesis
From Latin genesis ("generation, nativity"), from Ancient Greek γένεσις (genesis, "origin, source, beginning, nativity, generation, production, creation"), from γίγνεσθαι second aor. γενέσθαι ("to be produced, become, be").
genesis (plural geneses)
- The origin, start, or point at which something comes into being.
- Some point to the creation of the Magna Carta as the genesis of English common law.
the origin, start, or point at which something comes into being
- genesis in Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913
- genesis in The Century Dictionary, The Century Co., New York, 1911