How to Fix Facebook Loading Slowly?
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Fix Facebook Loading Slow Issue by following this guide
Let's take a look at what's slowing down Facebook first and why is Facebook down today.
Several factors contribute to Facebook's slowness, including expired cookies, cache, third-party toolbars, unused browser extensions, and recent updates. If you're accessing Facebook via an app or a website, the answer will be different.

How to Fix Facebook Loading Slow Issue
We now understand why Facebook is down today. To help you with your question, "Why is my Facebook so slow?" we're here.

1. Make use of a VPN
Facebook has a large number of servers located all over the world. Data transfer can take longer when you are located far from a Facebook server that is connected. As a result, connecting to a nearby high-responding server is preferable.

2. Check your internet connection's bandwidth.
To use Facebook, you'll need an active internet connection. To use Facebook, you must first ensure that you have a stable internet connection and if you don't maybe that's the reason for your Facebook not working. In the event that Facebook takes a long time to load, consider upgrading to a faster internet connection.

3. Cookies that aren't covered in chocolate
Having cookies stored on your computer by a web browser is interesting. The web browser sends it back to the web server the next time you access the same website. As a result, your browser will take longer to load because of the data it holds about you. As a result, clearing cookies can improve Facebook's speed.

4. Use the most up-to-date web browser.
Using an out-of-date web browser can have a negative impact on your user experience, as we previously stated, and maybe that's why Facebook not working. As a result, if you use the most recent version of the web browser, you may not have to worry about Facebook slowing down.

5. See if Facebook is experiencing problems.
This outage could be due to routine maintenance at Facebook's data centers. If you want to know if is Facebook down today?, you can do so by going to checking the official Twitter handle of Facebook @facebookapp.

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text:
The energy flow in a piezoelectric vibration energy harvester (VEH) involves both the mechanical domain and the electrical domain. To better understand the vibration-piezoelectricity coupling of this device, a unified description approach based on the bond graph is proposed to analyze the influence of the piezoelectric VEH parameters on the electricity harvesting performance in the energy conversion. Both the mechanical structure and the electric circuit are modeled using the bond graph. The present method is applied to analyze the parametric configuration of a piezoelectric VEH, which is further tested on an experimental platform. The results show that the unified model using the bond-graph is well-suited for analyzing the vibration-piezoelectricity coupling. The proposed method can advance the design optimization of piezoelectric VEHs.
About this article
07 February 2012
14 May 2012
30 June 2012
vibration energy harvesting
Copyright © 2012 Vibroengineering
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
road. It's open from May to November and can be used by passenger vehicles.
What are the dangers in Lassen Volcanic National Park?
Because Lassen Volcanic National Park is a large wildlife area, guests should be cautious of black bears, burned areas, high elevations, snow and ice, and vector-borne diseases.
- Black bears: while black bear incidents are rare, they are still inhabitants of the park. To stay safe in the presence of a black bear, do not feed the bears, stay calm, pick up children, and move away slowly. Try to stay at least 100 yards away.
- Burned areas can be unstable due to loose or falling rocks, trees, and hidden holes. Stay out of closed-off areas.
- High elevation: high elevation can cause headache, dizziness, and shortness of breath. When hiking, bring enough water and take breaks as needed. If you begin to feel symptoms of altitude sickness, turn back.
- Snow and ice: Winter weather can quickly turn deadly. Don't go hiking in winter without avalanche training. Make sure you have waterproof and warm gear. When sledding, watch for ice.
- Vector-borne diseases: When camping and hiking, you're in the habitat of many different wild animals. To avoid diseases like hantavirus, plague, and rabies, stay away from wild animals and their droppings.
Where To Stay in Lassen Volcanic National Park
Aside from camping or backpacking, the park has one lodging option. Drakebad Guest Ranch is a secluded piece of paradise in Warner Valley. The ranch offers 19 lodges and bungalows, many with private showers and electricity.
Guests have access to a swimming pool heated by natural hot springs, horseback riding, fishing, and access to hiking trails. The ranch includes a restaurant, and you can include meals in your reservation.
Lassen Volcanic National Park FAQ
Can you drive through Lassen Volcanic National Park?
Driving through Lassen Volcanic National Park is very common. Lassen Volcanic National Highway connects the north and south entrances of the park. The drive is full of beautiful scenery but is closed to through traffic in the snowy months.
The park has three dirt roads that lead to Butte Lake, Warner Valley, and Juniper Lake. These roads also close in the snowy season.
Where do you fly into Lassen Volcanic National Park?
The nearest airport to Lassen Volcanic National Park is the Redding Municipal Airport, about 45 miles away. This is a smaller airport, and it only takes flights from Alaska Airlines, United Airlines, and Avelo Airlines.
The nearest major airports are the Sacramento International Airport, 151 miles away, and the Reno-Tahoe International Airport, 152 miles away.


Creating and managing SMB volumes
Before you can create and manage SMB volumes, you must review security considerations regarding SMB access. You must also add an Active Directory (AD) connection. Currently, Cloud Volumes Service supports only one AD connection per Google Cloud region. You can only associate a cloud volume in a region with the AD connection in the same region.
The following diagram shows how Cloud Volumes Service works with Windows applications on Google Cloud:
Cloud Volumes Service Windows
For more information about SMB services provided by Cloud Volumes Service for Google Cloud, see SMB performance FAQs.
Creating an AD connection
You can set up an AD connection for Cloud Volumes Service to an AD configured on Compute Engine or to an on-premises Active Directory service if the on-premises network is connected to Google Cloud.
 1. In the Cloud Console, go to Cloud Volumes.
 Go to the Cloud Volumes page
 2. Click Active Directory connections, and then click Create.
 Active Directory menu
 3. In the Create Active Directory Connection window, enter the following information, and then click Save.
 1. In the Username and Password fields, enter credentials associated with an account that has privileges to create a computer account in AD.
 2. In the Domain field, enter the name of the AD domain.
 3. In the DNS server field, enter the DNS server IP address fetched from the AD domain.
 The CVS-Performance service type checks all IP addresses listed. The CVS service type uses the first IP address listed.
 4. In the NetBIOS field, enter a name for the AD server. The length of the NetBIOS name must be 10 characters or fewer.
 5. From the Region drop-down list, select a region associated with your AD credentials.
 6. In the Security Privilege Users field, provide a list of comma-separated domain user accounts that require elevated privileges to manage security logs for the Active Directory associated with Cloud Volumes Service. This list is specifically needed for the installation of a SQL server where binaries and system databases are stored on an SMB share. This option is not mandatory if you use an administrator user during installation.
 7. In the Backup Users field, provide either a group or a comma-separated list of users that require access to all files and directories without being a domain administrator.
 8. The Active Directory connection supports NFS extended groups (greater than 16 GIDs) with the CVS-Performance service type by default. However, the use of extended groups disables support for users that exist on the NFS client locally.
 If you need support for local users rather than extended groups, select the checkbox for Allow local NFS users with LDAP when creating or editing the Active Directory connection.
Creating an SMB volume
 1. In the Cloud Console, go to Cloud Volumes.
 Go to Cloud Volumes page
 2. Click Create.
 3. In the Create File System page, complete the following fields:
 1. Name: Enter a display name for the volume.
 2. Service Type: Select either the CVS or CVS-Performance service type, depending on which is appropriate for your workload. Each service type offers different service levels, and the service levels are offered in different regions. For more information, see Service types.
 3. Region: Select a Google Cloud region for your volume. For more information about region selection, see Best practices for Compute Engine region selection.
 4. Zone: Select a Google Cloud zone for your volume. This field applies only to volumes using the CVS service type.
 5. Volume path: Enter the name of the volume path. It must be unique across all your cloud volumes. The system automatically generates a recommended volume path.
 6. Service level:
 - If you selected the CVS service type, select the level of availability for the volume.
 - If you selected the CVS-Performance service type, select the level of performance for the volume.
 7. Snapshot: If you want to create a volume based on a snapshot, select the snapshot from the drop-down list. This field applies only to volumes that use the CVS-Performance service type. For more information, see Creating and managing volume snapshots.
 8. Allocated capacity: Set the size of the cloud volume. The minimum size is 1,024 GiB (1 TiB).
 9. Protocol type: Select SMB.
 10. Make snapshot directory (~snapshot) visible: Selecting this option makes your snapshot directory visible to the client as a ~snapshot hidden directory in the root of the mapped share and enables Previous Versions access in Windows Explorer. This field applies only to volumes that use the CVS-Performance service type.
 11. Enable SMB encryption: To enable SMB encryption for in-flight SMB3 data, select this option. SMB clients using data without encryption can't access a volume that has this option enabled.
 12. Enable CA share support for SQL server: You can enable continuously available (CA) share support for the SQL server. You should enable this option only for SQL workloads that require continuous availability. This field applies only to volumes that use the CVS-Performance service type.
 13. Hide SMB Share: To enhance security, you can select this option to prevent your volume and data from being viewable by untrusted sources. Selecting this option makes the SMB share non-browsable. This field applies only to volumes that use the CVS-Performance service type.
 14. Shared VPC Configuration: The VPC network can be part of a host project in a shared VPC, or it can be a standalone project. If you have a host project and a shared VPC topology, select the checkbox. For standalone projects, leave the checkbox clear.
 15. VPC Network Name:
 - Select the network from which the volume will be accessible.
 - Optionally, you can specify your custom CIDR range by selecting Use Custom Address Range.
 - If this is the first time that you're setting up the VPC peering for Cloud Volumes Service, you receive the following prompt indicating that you need to set up network peering:
 Network peering warning window. The service networking peering for this VPC is not set up.
 For more information, see Setting up private services access.
 16. Snapshot policy: To manage snapshot policy for the volume, expand Show snapshot policy. Select Allow automatic snapshots, specify the snapshot schedules, and specify the number of snapshots to keep. See Managing snapshot policies for details.
 Snapshot policy page
 4. Click Save to create the volume.
 The new volume appears in the Volumes list.
Mapping SMB shares from Compute Engine instances
 1. In the Cloud Console, go to the Volumes page.
 Go to the Volumes page
 2. Click the SMB volume for which you want to map an SMB share.
 3. Scroll to the right, click More, and then click Mount Instructions.
 4. Follow the instructions in the Mount Instructions for SMB window that appears.
 Create SMB instructions
What's next


text:
Pre-Kinder Combo Class #2 by Al Gilbert is a Pre-school or Kindergarten Class filled with activities to encourage creative expression. This class was created to be the perfect continuation in the introduction to Tap and Ballet.
Enhanced CD Includes:
- 26 fun tracks for your youngest students.
- Bonus - PDF files of notes, simply insert into your CD-ROM to view or print
- Bonus - iTunes files of each song. Drag and drop into your iTunes library

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
The Land Where Lemons Grow : The Story of Italy and its Citrus Fruit
by Helena Attlee
Editor: Penguin Books Ltd
Enjoy this book on your E-Reader and in the format you prefer
A delightful book on the unexpected Italy of history, told through its citrus fruits The history of citrus fruits crosses the history of Italy as a golden thread, and combining travel writing with history, recipes, horticulture and art, Helena Attlee takes the reader on a unique and rich journey through Italy's culture, culture and art."4 starsAttlee, who knows and loves Italy and Italians, takes the reader across the country, scented gardens with its sharp-edged descriptions, stories and quotes and intriguing recipes.I was there with her "Anna del Conte, the Fascinating Sunday Telegraph".An eminent garden writer, Attlee has fallen under the spell of citrus fruits for more than ten years and the book, like Hercules' eleventh work to steal the golden fruits of the Hesperides, is the result ofShe writes with great lucidity, charm and sweetness of humour, and brings her considerable learning lightly.Helena Attlee elegantly, absorbing the prose and foot sure possibility of combining academics with anecdotal, to make The Earth Where Lemons Push a welcome addition to the library of citrologists and Italophiles like " The Literary Supplement of The Times' is A paradise of citrus fruits is the way I always think of Italy: a place where ice cold limoncel iceWhat a joy, then, to read Helena Attlee of The Earth Where Lemons Push, which tells the story of Italy through its citrus fruits' Abeille Wilson, the Telegraph Helena Attlee is the author of four books on Italian gardens, and others on the cultural history of gardens around the world.Helena is a Fellow of the Royal Literary Fund and has worked in Italy for nearly 30 years.
Helena Attlee – The Land Where Lemons Grow : The Story of Italy and its Citrus Fruit – Free
Format: ePub, MOBI and Pdf
In this site we encourage writing and creativity.


How to insert the value inside an array's cell into a char variable?
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Thread: How to insert the value inside an array's cell into a char variable?
 1. #1
 Join Date
 Apr 2013
 Posts
 8
 How to insert the value inside an array's cell into a char variable?
 I have this program in Java to read a database written in a .txt format (file name is "info.txt").
 It has the values record number, name, age, state, and salary class written in it. I've named the array to read that database as "ven[]". The program will load that text-file database into that array to display on the screen when it is run. When it reaches the array cell that has the salary class value, it displays on the screen the corresponding amount. Array cell ven[4] contains a single entry that's just one character long.(ven[0] is the where the record number or "R11-1000" is stored)
 That character corresponds to the value assigned to it. That is, if the value in it is "1", it corresponds to $200 per hour. Hence, on the screen the line, "Salary per Hour" will have the amount, $200 dollars next to it. I read that switch statements can only allow integers or characters as values in it. So, I've been trying to assign that array cell in question into a char-declared variable - as you can see in the photo of the few lines before reaching the switch statement. Unfortunately, I get error messages when I attempt to do so. (the compiler says they're incompatible data types). The error message, by the way, says "error: incompatible types - readDB.java - line 37"...
 I intend to use the entry inside ven[4] as a value for the switch statement in the code. I'm not quite a beginner but I'm not expert on Java either.
 I have no idea how to go around this problem - any idea how? That is, how to transfer an array's value into
 The code I've written is down below...(line 35 is where the error is...)
 Code:
 import java.util.*;
 import java.io.*;

 public class readDB
 {
 public static void main(String args[])throws Exception
 {
 Scanner v = new Scanner(System.in);
 Scanner i = new Scanner(new File("info.txt"));

 String s,salarytype;
 StringBuffer result = new StringBuffer();

 double ph=0;
 Boolean wr=false;

 System.out.println(" ");
 System.out.print("Enter Employee Code: ");
 s = v.nextLine();

 while (i.hasNextLine())
 { //first while loop start brace
 n = i.nextLine();
 String ven[] = n.split(";");

 if (s.equals(ven[0]))
 {
 System.out.println(" ");
 System.out.println("Name: " + ven[1]);
 System.out.println("Age: " + ven[2]);
 System.out.println("Address: " + ven[3]);
 System.out.println("Salary Type: " + ven[4]);
 result.append(ven[4]);
 String mynewstring = result.toString();
 char[] cArray = mynewstring.toCharArray();

 switch(cArray)
 {
 case 1: ph=200;
 System.out.println("Salary per Hour: "+ph);
 break;
 case 2: ph=300;
 System.out.println("Salary per Hour: "+ph);
 break;
 case 3: ph=500;
 System.out.println("Salary per Hour: "+ph);
 break;
 }
 wr=true;
 } else if (wr==false)
 {
 System.out.println ("Invalid Code ");
 }
 } //first while loop end brace
 }
 }
 2. #2
 Join Date
 Nov 2006
 Location
 Barcelona - Catalonia
 Posts
 364
 Re: How to insert the value inside an array's cell into a char variable?
 Hi,
 You can't switch on char arrays, and if you are using a JRE version prior to Java7 not even on Strings.
 So, you can't do:
 Code:
 switch (cArray) {[....]}
 Look at this site
 Try something like:
 Code:
 if (mynewstring.equals("1")) {
 // whatever
 } else if (mynewstring.equals("2")) {
 // whatever
 } else {
 // whatever
 }
 Hope this helps.
 Regards,
 Albert.
 Please, correct me. I'm just learning.... and sorry for my english :-)
 3. #3
 Join Date
 Apr 2013
 Posts
 8
 Re: How to insert the value inside an array's cell into a char variable?
 If in case I get the new JRE, would I still have to use the code lines you suggested? Or is there some way of getting
 the value of that specific array cell to be a switch value with a new JRE installed?
 Besides, aren't switch statements a lot clearer than embedded "if-else" statements?
 4. #4
 Join Date
 May 2009
 Posts
 2,413
 Re: How to insert the value inside an array's cell into a char variable?
 Quote Originally Posted by PC_flea View Post
 I read that switch statements can only allow integers or characters as values in it. So, I've been trying to assign that array cell in question into a char-declared variable -
 Well, a char array isn't a char. You'll have to single out a char from the array. If the char you want to switch on is firts in the array it would look like this,
 Code:
 switch(cArray[0]) // first char
 {
 case '1': // '1' is a char
 Another option is to turn the String into an int (assuming the String holds a number). Then you switch over that int as in the current code. You can use the parseInt() method of the Integer class, like
 Code:
 int mynewint = Integer.parseInt(mynewstring);
 By the way why are you appending to result? Since result is declared outside the loop it means ven[4] values will be added on to each other in each iteration of the loop and accumulate. Is that what you want?
 Last edited by nuzzle; April 23rd, 2013 at 12:38 AM.
 5. #5
 Join Date
 Apr 2013
 Posts
 8
 Re: How to insert the value inside an array's cell into a char variable?
 From member, nuzzle -
 By the way why are you appending to result? Since result is declared outside the loop it means ven[4] values will be added on to each other in each iteration of the loop and accumulate. Is that what you want?
 My reply - not really. I just thought that would be the answer to my problem. I really am focused on putting that very value into the switch statement. I could use nested if-else loops but I'm concerned about debugging them later on. For me, switch statements are cleaner - they're a lot easier to understand.
 As for the line
 Code:
 int mynewint = Integer.parseInt(mynewstring);
 Would it mean that my program would be written like this now?
 Code:
 System.out.println(" ");
 System.out.println("Name: " + ven[1]);
 System.out.println("Age: " + ven[2]);
 System.out.println("Address: " + ven[3]);
 System.out.println("Salary Type: " + ven[4]);
 result.append(ven[4]);
 String mynewstring = result.toString();
 int mynewint = Integer.parseInt(mynewstring);
 char[] cArray = mynewstring.toCharArray();

 switch(cArray)
 {
 case 1: ph=200;
 System.out.println("Salary per Hour: "+ph);
 break;
 case 2: ph=300;
 System.out.println("Salary per Hour: "+ph);
 break;
 case 3: ph=500;
 System.out.println("Salary per Hour: "+ph);
 break;
 ...
 Otherwise, where in the source code should I place the line you suggested? And what other lines do I need to remove to make the code work?
 Thanks for replying by the way..... :-)
 6. #6
 Join Date
 May 2009
 Posts
 2,413
 Re: How to insert the value inside an array's cell into a char variable?
 Quote Originally Posted


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HenbaneEffects
What does it feel like to use henbane?
Beyond being used topically for pain or other physical ailments, the effects of henbane can be described as grounding, calming, and trance-like when used in correct amounts (each product in the Henbane Collection has specific usage instructions).
Henbane can be used to facilitate ritual, ceremony, or meditation.
It can also aid in sleep as it creates a deep state of whole mind & body relaxation through its soporific properties.
The topical use of henbane is effective for easing physical pain caused by muscular spasm and/or soreness, and tendon or joint inflammation.
You can read more about why people use henbane (and other nightshades) despite their toxicity here, and through the Online Resources section.
The more you read into the use of the deadly nightshade plants, you'll come across information about flying ointments, or the witches ointment. The use of such ointments in antiquity was quite common (depending on the locale), often for the purposes of reaching soul flight or intense visionary experiences, which would involve hallucinations.
Hearthstone Herbal's henbane products are not designed to provide an experience like this, and we cannot advise on how to use any of our products in this way.
Please follow the usage instructions provided with each unique henbane product, do your own research into the effects of black henbane, and monitor your body's response closely when using any of the henbane products.
To read more about the long history about henbane's use in medicine and spiritual practice, check out the Online Resources and Recommended Reading listed below.

20220729_202445.jpg
20220825_113512.jpg
HenbaneSafety
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Henbane Safety
Each item in the shop containing henbane has unique and specific product use instructions, so please read those as well if you've purchased something from the Henbane Collection.
All products containing henbane are toxic if ingested, and are only to be used topically (externally on the skin). Do not consume. Keep away from children and pets.
DO NOT USE IF:
 - You are allergic to nightshade plants (tomatoes, potatoes, peppers, etc.)
 - You are allergic to salicylates
 - You are pregnant or breast feeding
 - You have liver, kidney, or heart issues, or if you have glaucoma
 - You are using anticholinergic medications -speak with your health care professional before using products containing henbane if you are on medications or are unsure.
 - Don't use for 2 weeks before undergoing surgery, and don't use for 1-2 weeks after surgery
Read this article on anticholinergics and how they function for more information on safety.
The possible undesirable and/or potentially dangerous side effects of henbane include sensations of serious drowsiness, mental confusion, slurred speech, blurred vision, fast or irregular heartbeat, dry mouth, breathing difficulty, increased body temperature with flushed skin and an inability to sweat, urine retention, and hallucinations.
If you experience any of these symptoms, you've used too much and should immediately and thoroughly wash the ointment/oil/liniment off with soap, and water seek medical attention.
OnlineResources
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text:
Posted by Lewis on May 17, 2004
In Reply to: Re: Hammer posted by R. Berg on May 16, 2004
: : : : Doe the phrase *Hammer something into someone* mean to force someone to to remember something by repeating it, and therefore equivalent of *cramming*?
: : : : thanks
: : : Yes and no. It does mean to repeat something forcefully and frequently. "Cramming" doesn't contain that element of repeating, repeating, repeating...
: : Isn't "hammering" something in akin to learning by rote?
: : Cramming is last-minute desperate learning as practiced by college students the night before a test.
: To hammer something into someone can mean to repeat the point forcefully with the goal of having the person take it seriously (e.g., obey a rule of behavior), not necessarily the goal of simply having the person remember it. Cramming is confined to learning facts, and students do it themselves. One doesn't cram somebody else.
it's a metaphor based on DIY/carpentry - if you 'hammer home' a nail, you knock it all the way in and if a lesson is 'hammered home' then that means that the importance has been strongly emphasised and the person learning has taken it in in the same way as a piece of wood takes a nail
- when a nail has been hammered home it cannot easily be removed. there is an implication of a lack of subtlety on the part of the teacher.


Posts Tagged ' sequences '
Example 7.31: Contour plot of BMI by weight and height
April 5, 2010
By
Example 7.31: Contour plot of BMI by weight and height
A contour plot is a simple way to plot a surface in two dimensions. Lines with a constant Z value are plotted on the X-Y plane.Typical uses include weather maps displaying "isobars" (lines of constant pressure), and maps displaying lines of constant e...
Read more »
Example 7.7: Tabulate binomial probabilities
July 25, 2009
By
Example 7.7: Tabulate binomial probabilities
Suppose we wanted to assess the probability P(X=x) for a binomial random variate with n = 10 and with p = .81, .84, ..., .99. This could be helpful, for example, in various game settings. In SAS, we ﬁnd the probability that X=x using differences in t...
Read more »


text:
Chantal David (Concordia).
Let Gm,k := Z/mZ
× Z/mkZ be an abelian group of rank 2 and order N = mk
does there exist a ﬁnite ﬁeld Fp and an elliptic curve E/Fp such that E(Fp )
≃ Gm,k? We
show that this happens with probability 0 when k is very small with respect to m, and
with probability 1 when k is big enough with respect to m. The fact that the groups Gm,k
are more likely to occur when k is big is reminiscent of the Cohen-Lenstra heuristics which
predict that a random abelian group G occurs with probability weighted by _TAG_/_TAG_(G).
By counting the average number of times that a given group Gm,k occurs over the ﬁnite
ﬁelds Fp (and not simply when a given group occurs or not), we are able to verify that
the probability of occurrence of the groups Gm,k is indeed weighted by the Cohen-Lenstra
This is joint work with V. Chandee, D. Koukoulopoulos and E. Smith.


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VIDELLO - Set up a Dynamic Variable with GetResponse
1. In your video add the dynamic tag i.e. [name] inside your text. You may use apps like Lower Third, Button, and other apps where you can write a text.
2. Login to your GetResponse account and create an email.
In your email template you can use personalize placeholders like [[name]] to show the name of the user inside the email message.
3. Create a link in your email template which you use to redirect you subscribers to the page where your video is embedded.
if your webpage is you should use[[name]]
Choose files or drag and drop files
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We need a spring break
NYU cancelled spring break when students needed it most.
By Sydney Barragan, UTA Deputy Editor
On Oct. 20, President Andrew Hamilton and Provost Katherine Fleming announced that 2021's spring break would be replaced with two three-day weekends.
This academic year has been anything but normal. Sports, arts, in-person classes and even doing homework in the Starbucks on West 4th were taken away from NYU students. They are putting in the same amount of time and effort as before — if not more — without any break to look forward to.
The university cancelled spring break in order to prevent the spread of COVID-19 and a spike in cases that an influx of travel might have caused. Many colleges across the country have also canceled spring break or replaced it with "wellness days." However, students ignoring the university's COVID guidelines would do so regardless of whether a week-long spring break existed. While cancelling spring break may prevent students from traveling to holiday hotspots, this solution is not without problems of its own.
Research shows, time and time again, that breaks provide a myriad of health benefits. A study published in January in science journal PLOS ONE described university students as a vulnerable demographic. They experience "higher levels of anxiety, depression, substance abuse, and disordered eating compared to the general population." During times of heightened stress, this effect is exacerbated.
Given the inherent anxiety from the pandemic, university students are placed under even more stress than usual. That's a serious problem, especially when the amount of time away from class has been reduced — the PLOS ONE study found that inadequate support for student mental health "could have long-term consequences on their health and education."
According to clinical psychologist Shannon Torborg, time away from work or school has real benefits for a person's mental health. Vacation from work or school promotes calmness and stress relief, and allows "the body and mind to heal in ways that it couldn't if it were still under pressure." Research has also shown that the pandemic added more stress to college students. Exposure to stress has lasting effects on students, and has been found to be strongly associated with mental illness diagnoses, self-harm and suicidality. It is crucial for students to have more time away from their work — not less.
A break from the stress of school is also necessary to prevent burnout, which has become more prevalent since the pandemic began. Burnout causes a decrease in creativity and productivity — two qualities that are pivotal for a student to succeed.
The break was cancelled out of concern for students' physical health, but now their mental health is taking a hit instead. Being a college student at this time and navigating online learning is hard enough as it is, but doing so without a light at the end of the tunnel is even more challenging. Research shows that simply looking forward to a break boosts a person's happiness as far as eight weeks before the trip. Not only does the absence of a break harm a student's well-being, but so does the absence of anticipation.
Many schools across the country cancelled or significantly shortened spring break, but some college students were still granted their traditional break. For example, students in the University of California system enjoyed a traditional week-long spring break from March 20 to March 28, though their administration encouraged them not to travel. University of California, Davis went as far as to offer cash incentives for students who didn't travel. Since a simple encouragement is not a guarantee that students will not travel, all students, regardless of their travel history for the week, were required to enter self-isolation on the 28th.
NYU's administration should have followed UCLA's example, maintaining the usual weeklong break while still taking the necessary precautions to prevent the spread of infection. NYU has done this before, isolating students returning for the spring semester or those who traveled outside New York's five neighboring states, and would be able to do so again for students returning from spring break.
Students need a chance to recharge and regroup with a break from school. The administration needs to more adequately compensate for the lack of a traditional break in order to protect students' mental health. Two three-day weekends are a start, but they are not enough.
Many students have reported that the three days off was no break at all, with some professors still giving out assignments in violation of university guidelines. Students who did not have classes on Friday retained the same academic week. Students without Monday classes will retain the same schedule during the next long weekend. With the busyness of midterms barely in the rearview mirror and finals quickly approaching, students need to be given more time off in the month of April.
A consecutive seven-day break may not be feasible given the current situation, but is only fair for students to be given the equivalent amount of vacation, perhaps with seven non-consecutive vacation days including the two already scheduled. A call for spring break is not a call for reckless partying or traveling in the middle of a pandemic, but a call for NYU to protect its students' mental health. While the university's decision is understandable, the impact of cancelling spring break hurts students when they are struggling the most.
Email Sydney Barragan at [email protected]


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Temporary guardianships in Massachusetts
Many different things can happen during the course of guardianship proceedings. For example, in some guardianship cases, a court will decide to appoint a temporary guardian for an individual to serve while the guardianship petition regarding the individual is being considered by the court.
When can a Massachusetts court appoint a temporary guardian for a person that there is a pending guardianship petition for? Under state law, it can do so when all of the following circumstances are met:
 - There is an emergency situation present.
 - This emergency situation is likely to lead to the welfare, health or safety of the individual a guardianship is being requested for being harmed in a substantial and immediate manner.
 - An appropriate motion has been submitted.
 - There is no guardian currently in place for the person.
 - There is no other individual that appears to have the authority to take action in regards to the situation.
How long does a temporary guardianship last? While the length of such a guardianship can vary, there are some general limits placed on Massachusetts courts regarding how long a temporary guardianship they put in place can go. Generally, the maximum length of a temporary guardianship here in Massachusetts is 90 days. There are some exceptions to this limit. A court can extend a temporary guardianship out for additional 90-day periods beyond the first 90-day period if it finds that there is good cause to do so. Also, a court can order a temporary guardianship to last for a set time longer than 90 days if it finds that extraordinary circumstances are present.
As this shows, temporary guardianships are subject to a rather complex set of rules. Thus, temporary guardianship issues in guardianship proceedings have the potential to be quite complicated. Attorneys can provide families with assistance when complex matters, such as temporary guardianship issues, come up during the course of efforts to request a guardianship for an incapacitated loved one.
FindLaw Network
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Curley Law Firm LLP
One Common Street
Wakefield, MA 01880
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As part of the Dunkeswell War Stories project, the team worked with the children of Broadhembury Primary School to introduce the important role played by Dunkeswell during the second world war and to give children a first-hand look at documentary film-making.
Lesson plans relating to this project, along with printable resources and a memory bank for schools, are available on the Dunkeswell War Stories website.
Lesson plans and printable resources are suitable for children of Key Stage 2 (KS2) and beyond. Also available is the schools video bank suitable for classroom use for Key Stages 2 & 3.
Looking at the local iron-working industry through the Iron Age, Romano-British, Saxon and Medieval periods and modern archaeology, these resources supporting the Key Stage 2 (KS2) history curriculum. The topic connects local heritage with wider developments in history and technology. The resources were developed as part of our Metal Makers project in collaboration with All Saints Primary School near Axminster.
Hembury Hillfort, near Payhembury in the Blackdown Hills Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB), is an excellent site to use to introduce Key Stage 1 (KS1) children to life in the Iron Age. For Key Stage 2 (KS2) pupils, Hembury can be used as a basis to demonstrate how archaeological enquiry can be used to investigate local prehistoric sites.
These lesson plans and resources provide inspiration for both KS1 and KS2 lessons.
These resources introduce preschool and Key Stage 1 (KS1) children to ancient iron-working in the Blackdown Hills. The theme is presented through a story set in the Iron Age, Noni the Blacksmith[CG1]. The downloadable lesson ideas contain suggestions on art, craft, movement and play activities to accompany the story. The resources were developed as part of our Metal Makers[CG2] project in collaboration with Hemyock preschool and primary School.


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OCDP: Ontario Climate Data Portal
The Ontario Climate Data Portal (OCDP) was recently launched to ensure technical or non-technical end-users (e.g. municipalities, private sector) have easy and intuitive access to the latest robust climate data over the Province of Ontario, Canada. The OCDP incorporates the high-resolution (10 km x 10 km) climate projections developed by the LAMPS at the York University using state-of-the-science combined downscaling technique based on a large ensemble of global and regional climate model results released under the latest IPCC AR5. The 209-member ensemble accounted for projections developed by other jurisdictions such as members of NA-CORDEX, PCIC, OURANOS, University of Toronto, York University, and University of Regina. This user-friendly data portal provides both visual representations and data downloading functions of climate scenarios across Ontario using geospatial maps, including both typical and extreme climate change indicators at temporal scales from annual, seasonal, monthly to daily.


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In the circuit I have a proximity sensor that is triggering a relay by going to a micro-controller. This is working fine until the micro-controller ignores the sensor (due to a fail safe I have programmed into the controller), upon a soft reset (NOT A REBOOT, sending a signal to the controller to come out of inactive mode), the sensor is still sending 5VDC when it shouldn't be sending anymore then 1VDC. What is the cause of this? or How can it be fixed?
Note, Everything runs normally if I hold something in front of the proximity sensor for a second or two, then take it away?
Short Recap: Sensor works fine --> controller ignores input due to another input --> controller starts receiving input --> sensor sends out 5VDC even if nothing is in front of it.
Sensor Information: Proxmity sensor 6VDC input @ 300mA max
Micro-Controller: Arduino Based Micro-Controller Input pins - 40mA max
- Are you powering the sensor from 6 V DC?
Yes, the Sensor is being powered by 6 V DC.
Provide a link to the sensor so that we don't have to look it up.
- What is the pot wiper connected to?
I would assume the wiper is connected to the Signal line(Black). Its not an external pot.
- Why have you added a pot? Is it to reduce the voltage to the micro-controller? If so, what voltage is the micro running on?
The controller is running 5VDC but is a more "rugged" arduino that can take up to 30VDC per I/O pins.
- Provide a link to the sensor so that we don't have to look it up.


Nine-Week Shift
Emily Walker, Co-Editor-In-Chief
For years, schools in our district have used a six-week grading period. However, FISD has decided to shift secondary schools into a nine-week schedule in hopes to better students' education experience starting in the 2019-2020 school year.
There are a few changes that will happen to the school year. Each school year will have two nine-weeks per semester, with a total of four grading periods for the year. Another change is that IPR (Interim Progress Reports) will still come out every three weeks but now there will be two every grading period before the final grade.
This change in schedule will have no effect on school day length, holidays, or STAAR/other state and national testing.
FISD has stated the reason for this change is to allow students more time to learn the material before they are tested. This will also allow more time and flexibility for teachers to teach lessons and input grades.
Overall, this change is meant to benefit students and create a smoother learning environment.


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Why Do Doctors Press on Your Stomach During a Checkup?
I was wondering, why do doctors push on your stomach during a checkup or if
you complain of abdominal pain?
Pressing on your stomach is a way to find out if the size of your internal organs is normal, to check if anything hurts, and to feel if anything unusual is going on.
Looking, listening, and feeling are all part of a physical exam. Doctors use all three to check that everything's normal or to evaluate a health condition. For example, doctors use sight to diagnose conditions like acne or pinkeye. They'll listen to a person's heartbeat to be sure it sounds normal. And they'll use touch to investigate areas that aren't visible to the naked eye, like bones or internal organs.
During a checkup, don't hesitate to ask your doctor questions if you're curious about why something's being done. Your doc is there to help, and answering questions is part of that!
*Names have been changed to protect user privacy.
Note: All information is for educational purposes only. For specific medical advice, diagnoses, and treatment, consult your doctor.
© 1995- KidsHealth® All rights reserved.
Images provided by The Nemours Foundation, iStock, Getty Images, Veer, Shutterstock, and Clipart.com.


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A new type of array allows you to specify and store only the independent components.
For matrices, the only nontrivial symmetries are symmetry and antisymmetry, but for higher-rank arrays there are many more possibilities. The following figure illustrates some of them for a rank-4 array. Warm-colored squares represent independent components, with like-colored squares equal. Cold-colored squares are the negatives of the independent components, and white squares are forced to be zero by the symmetry.
Storing only the independent components can produce enormous space savings.
This allows exterior algebra computations in large dimensions—in this case a 4-form and 20-form in 25 dimensions.


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In computer programming, an entry point is a memory address, corresponding to a point in the code of a computer program which is intended as the destination of a long jump, be it internal or external.
Usage customs
In most of today's popular computer systems, such as Microsoft Windows and Unix, a computer program usually only has a single entry point. In C and C++ programs this is the
Historically, and in some contemporary legacy systems, such as VMS and OS/400, computer programs have a multitude of entry points, each corresponding to the different functionalities of the program. The usual way to denote entry points, as used system-wide in VMS and in PL/I and MACRO programs, is to append them at the end of the name of the executable image, delimited by a dollar sign ($) i.e.
directory.exe$make. The Apple 1 computer also used this to some degree. For example an alternative entry point in Apple 1 BASIC would keep the BASIC program useful when the reset button was accidentally pushed.
See also

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


ConjugateComputationVI.jl
Author willtebbutt
Popularity
1 Star
Updated Last
4 Months Ago
Started In
March 2021
ConjugateComputationVI
Build Status Coverage Code Style: Blue ColPrac: Contributor's Guide on Collaborative Practices for Community Packages
This is an implementation of [1]. It utilises the AbstractGPs.jl interface, so should play nicely with any AbstractGP, including those from Stheno.jl and TemporalGPs.jl. No attempt has been made to make this implementation work for anything other than Gaussian processes.
Example Usage
Approximate inference and learning in a GP under an Exponential likelihood. This is primarily handled using the build_latent_gp function, which produces a LatentGP specifying this model when provided with kernel parameters. ParameterHandling.jl is used to handle the book-keeping associated with the model parameters.
using AbstractGPs
using ConjugateComputationVI
using Distributions
using Optim
using ParameterHandling
using Plots
using Random
using RDatasets
using StatsFuns
using Zygote
using ConjugateComputationVI: GaussHermiteQuadrature, UnivariateFactorisedLikelihood
# Specify the model parameters.
θ_init = (scale=positive(1.9), stretch=positive(0.8));
θ_init_flat, unflatten = ParameterHandling.flatten(θ_init);
# Specify the model.
# A core requirement of this package is that you are able to provide a function mapping
# from your model parameters to a 'LatentGP'.
function build_latent_gp::AbstractVector{<:Real})
 return build_latent_gp(ParameterHandling.value(unflatten(θ)))
end
function build_latent_gp::NamedTuple)
 gp = GP.scale * AbstractGPs.transform(SEKernel(), θ.stretch))
 lik = UnivariateFactorisedLikelihood(f -> Exponential(exp(f)))
 return LatentGP(gp, lik, 1e-9)
end
# Specify inputs and generate some synthetic outputs.
x = range(-5.0, 5.0; length=100);
y = rand(build_latent_gp(θ_init_flat)(x)).y;
# Attempt to recover the kernel parameters used when generating the data.
# Add some noise to the initialisation to make this more interesting.
# We specify that the reconstruction term in the ELBO is to be approximated using
# Gauss-Hermite quadrature with 10 points.
f_approx_post, results_summary = ConjugateComputationVI.optimize_elbo(
 build_latent_gp,
 GaussHermiteQuadrature(10),
 x,
 y,
 θ_init_flat + randn(length(θ_init_flat)),
 BFGS(
 alphaguess = Optim.LineSearches.InitialStatic(scaled=true),
 linesearch = Optim.LineSearches.BackTracking(),
 ),
 Optim.Options(
 show_trace = true,
 iterations=25,
 f_calls_limit=50,
 ),
);
# Compute approx. posterior CIs using Monte Carlo.
function approx_post_95_CI(x::AbstractVector, N::Int)
 samples = map(marginals(f_approx_post(x, 1e-6))) do latent_marginal
 f = rand(latent_marginal, N)
 return rand.(Exponential.(exp.(f)))
 end
 return quantile.(samples, Ref((0.025, 0.5, 0.975)))
end
x_pr = range(-6.0, 6.0; length=250);
qs = approx_post_95_CI(x_pr, 10_000);
# Plot the predictions.
p1 = plot(
 x_pr, getindex.(qs, 1);
 linealpha=0,
 fillrange=getindex.(qs, 3),
 label="95% CI",
 fillalpha=0.3,
);
scatter!(p1, x, y; markersize=2, label="Observations");
p2 = plot(
 f_approx_post(x_pr, 1e-6);
 ribbon_scale=3, color=:blue, label="approx posterior latent",
);
sampleplot!(f_approx_post(x_pr, 1e-6), 10; color=:blue);
plot(p1, p2; layout=(2, 1))
See the examples directory for more.
Limitations
This approximation does not presently play nicely with pseudo-point approximations. That would be an interesting research direction.
References
[1] - Khan, Mohammad, and Wu Lin. "Conjugate-computation variational inference: Converting variational inference in non-conjugate models to inferences in conjugate models." Artificial Intelligence and Statistics. PMLR, 2017.
Used By Packages
No packages found.


text:
WILLEMSTAD/PHILIPSBURG–When Curaçao and St. Maarten agreed on implementing a reform package, the so-called "Landspakket", with the Netherlands as a condition for liquidity support amid the COVID-19 pandemic, part of it included achieving a balanced budget by 2023. Given the poor state of the public finances in the countries, fiscal consolidation is indispensable, the Central Bank of Curaçao and St. Maarten (CBCS) acknowledged in its June 2022 Economic Bulletin.
"However, amid the heightened uncertainties, the question arises whether the current fiscal consolidation path is realistic. With increased inflation pressures moderating the pace of economic recovery and higher government spending required to provide targeted support to the most vulnerable in society, a balanced budget should not come at the expense of a continued recovery," cautioned CBCS president Richard Doornbosch.
"Instead, the countries should work on a medium-term fiscal consolidation path that balances the effects of fiscal retrenchment on growth," the CBCS president advised. "First, healthcare and pension system reforms are needed to reduce the pressures on the national budget. Second, public financial management should be strengthened to achieve a more efficient and effective allocation of government resources," Doornbosch continued. "On the revenue side, tax compliance should be further improved to widen the tax base and to distribute the tax burden more fairly across the economy. Given the capacity constraints of the two countries, however, all these reforms cannot be implemented within one year."
In its latest Economic Bulletin, the CBCS recommends that both countries develop a medium-term fiscal adjustment programme with a four-year focus. "This programme should be based on prudent assumptions regarding economic growth and fiscal targets and include clear medium-term priorities. In addition, the pace of fiscal adjustment should in the recovery phase be linked to a debt anchor instead of a balanced budget rule," Doornbosch explained. "The experience so far with the balanced budget rule in Curaçao and St. Maarten demonstrates that it has not served soundness in public financial management and decision-making while it mostly results in procyclical fiscal policy," he further pointed out.
"The countries should implement measures that accelerate the pace of economic recovery and support a higher and sustained growth path. Structural reforms as agreed in the Landspakketten are necessary in both Curaçao and St. Maarten to address the weaknesses on the supply side of the economy," Doornbosch continued. "An important area of reform is reducing administrative procedures and red tape."
The June 2022 Economic Bulletin also includes a feature article with the preliminary results of an extensive survey the CBCS conducted on the effects of red tape on business performance and economic growth in Curaçao and St. Maarten. A first assessment of the results indicate that the cost of red tape has been rising on both islands, adversely affecting business performance and economic efficiency. Therefore, both governments should take steps to address red tape, according to the Central Bank.
"Besides structural reforms, the countries would also benefit from higher public investments, which have been low over the past decade. In this regard, a medium-term public investment programme is recommended that sets clear priorities on investment projects that provide a high economic and social return and includes norms that guarantee project quality and efficiency of resource allocation," CBCS President Doornbosch said.
Bron: Daily Herald


Welt der Gifte – Salzburg, Austria - Atlas Obscura
Welt der Gifte
At this exhibit on the world of poison, venomous animals steal the show.
16
141
Welt Der Gifte is Austria's smallest and most toxic zoo. Located in Salzburg, the facility is home to a surprising number of reptiles, amphibians, and arthropods—but only of the venomous and poisonous varieties.
The permanent exhibit dedicated to the world of poison was put together by Doctor Nils Kley, a veterinary expert. Kley spent two years assembling the living and nonliving exhibits. The museum, which originally opened in Germany in 2017, aims to spread knowledge about poisons and their role in various aspects of life. After a brief closure, it opened in Salzburg in 2020.
While the focus is on venomous animals, it also includes organic as well as inorganic toxins such as poisonous plants and seeds, mushrooms, microorganisms, poisonous elements, and their various compounds. The facility can only be visited by booking a guided tour.
Depending on the individual topic, visitors will be able to observe the bacteria Clostridium botulinum under the microscope and learn about its connection to botox injections; understand unexpected and delicious means of intoxication such as quail, pineapple, or cinnamon; wonder about weird fashion trends such as arsenic clothes; touch real blow pipes from Brazilian indigenous tribes; and see several real-life ingredients from Harry Potter's potions classes.
But the show stealers are the snakes, lizards, scorpions, spiders, and toads—around 50 in total—all of which produce deadly venom within their bodies. They can be observed at close quarters and the tours explain their relation to the biology of poison.
Visitors can also book additional tours, photo sessions, and handling or husbandry courses.
Know Before You Go
The facility can only be visited by booking a guided tour.
Want to see fewer ads? Become a Member.
From Around the Web


text:
Rough english translation of the swedish word "fjortis", meaning a person with similar lifestyle or behavior as a typical immature fourteen year old. Fourteenies are known for, among other things, their poor knowledge of knowing when to stop drinking alcohol.
- I love fourteenies. They're so easy!
- Stop acting like a fourteeny and take a shower!


text:
- On sale!
The Intex cartridge filter is equipped with a timer so that the filtration of your pool is no longer a problem for you...
Intex Filter Cartridge 5.7m3/h
The Intex 5,7m³/h cartridge filter is suitable for pools up to 23m³ and it ensures a high level of filtration. It is recommended to clean the cartridge 1 to 2 times a week and change it every 2 to 4 weeks in order for the pool water to be healthy.
It is quite safe product, according to the standards. It is equipped with a programmer that will give you the opportunity to adjust the filtration on 2,4,6,8,10 or 12h depending on your needs.
Hydro Ventilation Technology:
- Innovative technology: The Intex sand filter is equipped with the Hydro Ventilation Technology which allows air to be introduced into the return nozzle by oxygenating the water.
- Improved filtration: the particles in the water are caught and deposited at the bottom of the pool during the ventilation process which facilitates the removal of sediment through the filtration system. Improved filtration and circulation makes the water healthier and easier to maintain.
- Pure and clear water: The ventilation process reduces the presence of metals and eliminates the formation of stains by mixing air with water. The result is pure and clear water of your swimming pool.
- Healthier pool: It has been shown that negative ions around the pool eliminates air pollutants and neutralizes free radicals that affect air quality. The result, pure air around the pool and healthier pool.
- Connection with discharge strainer.
- Connection with suction strainer.
- 2 connecting pipes, diameter 38mm.
- Electric transformer.
- Intex Type A Filter Cartridge.
- Model: Cartridge filter 5,7m³/h.
- Brand: Intex.
- Swimming pool: from 16 to 23m³.
- Flow: 5,7m³/h.
- Air purge: Yes.
- Sediment purge: Yes.
- Integrated programmer: Yes.
- Shut-off valves: Yes.
- Filtration cartridge included: Type A Intex.
- Pipe diameter included: 38mm.
Warranty: 3 YEARS
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text:
photo credits: Gutht Soul - CC-PD-Mark
country of citizenship:
language of expression: Latin
occupation: historian, writer, biographer, poet
Cornelius Nepos (; c. 110 BC – c. 25 BC) was a Roman biographer. He was born at Hostilia, a village in Cisalpine Gaul not far from Verona.
Read more or edit on Wikipedia
book of biographies by Cornelius Neposwd:Q13043403


Why the Knotted Language of DNA Sounds Like Music
Knot theory hasn't been the only unexpected math to pop up during DNA research. Scientists have used Venn diagrams to study DNA, and the Heisenberg uncertainty principle. The architecture of DNA shows traces of the "golden ratio" of length to width found in classical edifices like the Parthenon. Geometry enthusiasts have … » 7/17/12 2:40pm 7/17/12 2:40pm


text:
Training in Sports
11.1 Meaning and concept of sports training
11.2 Principles of sports training
11.3 Warming up and limbering down
11.4 Load, Adaptation, and recovery
11.5 Skill, technique and style
11.6 Symptoms of overload and how to overcome it
11.7 Concept of free playFig: Sports trainingTRAINING IN SPORTS
11.1 Meaning and concept of sports training
Training has been referred to as a systematic exercise of effort for a considerable time, to develop the ability to five greater loads, especially for competitions. Sports training provides the other with the basic means to adapt to his particular stressor, through controlled exercise. This adaptation on the part of an athletes body answered, that his body is prepared fora greater load, This process is called training
Concept of Training :- Training for achieving something of for competition is not a new idea, with the passage of time more time and efforts are being devoted to training of preparation for competitions, with the invention of new techniques every now and then in the field of athletics, weight training methods has shown very encouraging results.
Training for any game or event has become very technical and a scientific approach is needed to get the desired results.
11.2 Principles of Sports Training
The principles of laws of sports training as follows:-
1. Principles of continuity
2. The principle of overload
3. The principle of Individual Differences
4. Principles of general and speech preparation
5. Principles of progression
6. Principles of specificity
7. Principles of variety
8. The principle of warmup and cool down
9. Principles of rest and recovery.
10. Warming up and Limbering Down
11.3 Warming up: It is a short-term activity carried out prior to any server or skilled activities. Warming up is an initial for a competition. Through such a workout we try to bring the group of muscles expected to take part in the activity to follow. It is primarily preparatory activity in which physiological and physiological of an athlete for the main activityFig: Warm upTypes of Worm up- (1) General Warm-up
(2) Specific warm-up
Limbering down or cooling down:-
At the and of the training session or competition, athletes are normally advised to worm down. This is done normally in the shape of light but continuous activity such as jogging or walking for some time at the end of the event. Such an activity after the competition of on activity after the competition of on event is called limbering down or cooling down.
11.4 Load [LOAD, ADAPTATION, AND RECOVERY]
1. Load:- The load is defined as weight or source of pressure. It is generally called an external stressor. It can also be explained as the amount of work to be done by a person or a machine. In the training of an athlete as a player, it refers to the total amount of work expected from him on a daily, weekly or monthly basis, heading in training can be done in various ways, therefore load is known a work of exercise that a sports person performs in a training can be done in various ways. A person performs in a training session.
2. Adaptation:- Continued exposure to an extra load in the training of an athlete leads to an adjustment in his body function that enables him to bear the extra load without feeling uneasiness. To obtain a higher degree of adaptation the lead or stressor should be increased gradually, overloading no doubt leads to adaptation.
Recovery means the restoration of the body to a normal state after a period of intense training for competition. This period is also referred to a period of regeneration during which stressor related efforts are gradually eliminated. The increase in heart rate and respiratory rate depends on the intensity of the workout.
Fig: RecoveryThe time take by an individual's pulse rate to come down to 80-85 beats per minute would be the recovery period. During the recovery period, the body's resting state is restored.
11.5 Skill [SKILL, TECHNIQUE, AND STYLE]
1. Skill is an element of performance that enables the performer to do a large amount of work with little effort. The apparent visible ease of muscular work indicates a skillful movement or performance. In other words, it can be said that skill is the ability to do something well. Skill is that are unnatural and complex can be learned more easily if the different elements in the movements can be separated and learned by parts.
It means the way of doing a particular task scientifically. This way of doing a thing should be based on scientific principles and be effective in achieving an aim. It is a basic movement of any sports or event. We can say that a technique is a way of performing the skill.
It is the manner of doing something that is characteristics of a particular person or pattern. It may or may not be based on sound principles. A style of doing a movement, If perfect, looks graceful and appealing. It is an individuals expression of technique in motor action, there fare each sportsperson due to his specific physical and biological capacities realize the technique in a different way. symptoms of overload and how to overcome it
11.6 What is overload?
Overload is not something that only needs to be applied on a daily basis, it must be applied over a lifetime of training. The final principle deals with the importance of applying overload logically overtime.Fig: Overloading in sportsDuring training, which is beyond the capacity is known as overload.
Causes of overload
There can be various causes of over-load It could be because of various factors. How to Overcome Over Load
a) Through observation
b) Plan the training
c) Proper Nutrition
d) Psychological strategies
e) Social Interaction
11.7 Free - Play
— "Play is fun"! This is how children usually respond when asked about the play. But the play is more than just fun. The play is engaging voluntary and spontaneous. Free play is a way for children to learn more about. 'Who they are'? and "What they can do".
— All children have a right to play. It is a process by which children learn. Good quality play opportunity has a significant impact on child development.
— Play allows children to use their creativity while developing their imagination, dexterity, physical, cognitive and emotional strength. The play is important to healthy brain development.
— It is through play that children a very early age engage and interact in the world around them.


Initial Design rules Stainless Steel 3D printing
This post is meant to give you guys a better indication of what is and what is not possible with 3D printing Stainless Steel. These guidelines are based on all your uploads and are a work in progress. They are meant to be indicative. We have images to illustrate these examples and I will add them once we have permission from the model owners.
I know that mass and weight are weird things to consider when 3D
modeling(unless you're a CAD person of course). But, look at your model
and think, if I made this out of clay would it work?
This is really the best tip I can give you.
small parts up to 50 by 50mm
95% of these parts print successfully. They can have very thin walls of below 3 mm. But, the most important reason for failing is that the parts are not strong enough or do not self-support. The model will either fall apart or crush itself. Lets imagine we are trying to print a wine glass standing upright. A 3 mm thick stem might work if it were printed alone. But in a wine glass the stem has to support the bowl. During production the model is very fragile. If the bowl is heavy it will simply topple over.
Lets imagine now that we are trying to print this same wineglass horizontally. The stem would break in the middle. Lets now imagine that we are trying to print a wine glass that has no stem but simply consists of the bowl. This would work because a wine glass bowl is a self supporting structure without a weak point that could cause the model to break. What if we get ambitious and would like to add lots of decoration to our wineglass bowl? This is possible. But, if the decoration would consist of a lot of mass the weight would break the bowl during the printing process.
Very thin or delicate structures can not be printed either.
If it looks wispy and lovely and feather-like it will probably have an issue. People have to remove support material, put it in an oven etc.
Integrated 'whole' parts have the highest chance of success. Lets imagine you wanted to print a plate of spaghetti. If it was one mass of spaghetti on a plate it might be possible. If there were strands of spaghetti that magically would stand upright and horizontally in all directions it would not work, it would break. If it would be and incredibly thin structure consisting of many individual strands in a bowl, it would not work. It could simply not be cleaned.
Furthermore since there is an oven step involved whereby the models are all heated to a high temperature parts might fuse if they are loose or close together. So, a bowl of many individual strands of spaghetti would fuse.
Medium to large parts less than 200 by 200 by 100mm
These parts need wall thicknesses of 3mm. Why? The part is larger so the internal structures supporting the part need to be stronger.
These are what I can give you right now. I hope to get more information to you as we learn.
Images are used under a Creative Commons Share, remix, attribution license. Images made by: KARPOV, AndrewK100 and Sebastian_Mary respectively.
 1. Joris
 they're great! A lot of fun!
 1. Madox.NET
 Propeller Hats!
 A picture post showing the latest delivery from Shapeways. Joris just posted guidelines on stainless steel printing so I thought I'll post some photos to show what tiny detail can be achieved.
 Fits quite nicely on the shirt cuf…
 2. Magic
 Very interesting the fact that for small object you can have wall of 1mm.
 I still do not understand if we can print moving parts: I am afraid that if there is no more support material during the infusion phase, the moving parts could get fused.
 For example could the Frankenstein Ring be printed in Stainless Steel?
 Here is the model:
 1. Joris
 the tolerances and the accuracy would make fine moving parts difficult. Exact gears and things would seem to be difficult also. But, a moving part with a large gap should work.
 2. Magic
 Currently, this model has 1 mm of clearance and 2 mm of thickness. But I have plans to reduce the model of 75% (0.75 mm or clearance and 1.5 mm of thickness) and 50% (0,5 mm of cleareance and 1 mm of thickness) in White Strong and Flexible.
 I guess these reduced versions won't work in Stainless Steel.
 I should also renounce to print a separate nut that could be screwed to the bolt… :-(
 3. George Bell
 What about printing that wine glass upside down? Would that work?
 Darn gravity. Maybe you can take a 3D printer up to the International Space Station? Then anything would work!
 1. Joris
 In terms of cost effectiveness we could do it in one of those Russian practice planes and do a layer every time the plane is at the top of its parabolic orbit.
 Does UPS even do pick ups from the ISS?
 4. Stijn van der Linden
 Thank you, this is very clarifying and helpful :-)
 Up till now it felt like modeling in the dark for SS, hoping and praying that the prints would succeed ;-)
 Could you also provide some info on the polishing step?
 What limitations does this add? Is there a minimum practical size for polishing?
 With the braille and other rings I tested, it seems they were hardly polished at all, still very rough (almost like wsf) and red.
 I can understand some reluctance to polish fine details (for example; accidentally removing the braille dots ;-) but there were a few rings that I think could have been a lot smoother and cleaner.
 I'll post some pics as soon as the darn memory card will release them to me :-\
 1. Joris
 The polishing step is a manual one. So it is very variable. Polishing should not reduce overall surface detail nor significantly affect the size of your model.
 We're working on improving this process but again it is a manual process so results may vary.
 5. Stephanie P
 So many people in London have skull rings, but this is my far the coolest.
 Very Damien Hirst ;)
 6. DBucci
 What percentage of shrinkage occurs in post infiltrated parts?
 7. Glen Gardner
 To All,
 It first needs to be recognized that 3d metal printing is a technology that is in it's infancy. Unlike traditional metal working methods with centuries long histories, many of the forces, stresses and reactions that printed metal parts must undergo have not been thoroughly quantified as hard data. Simply put, most of the time we know what works and what doesn't, but we can't always tell you exactly why. As in most technologies emerging from small companies, data collection is done on an "as needed" basis. The bulk of all human knowledge comes from data collected over years, decades or even centuries of trial and error. This might help explain why giving precise reasons and fool proof solutions for each and every failed or "non-printable" design is not practical or even possible.
 From my perspective here in the metal print shop I wish to offer some observations that I believe to be consistently true. When parts come out of the print machinery they consist of metal powder held together by a chemical binder (glue). All [I]green[/I] parts are fragile. Think in terms of air dried potters clay. As the size and intricacy of a design increases so does it's fragility. In the green state, these parts are extremely difficult to process without breaking. If a part is able to be loaded into the sintering furnace a whole new set of forces now come into play. Observations inside the running furnace are impossible so finished parts can only be examined [I]after[/I] the furnace is cooled. The most common failures detected [I]after[/I] sintering take the form of hairline cracks or open breaks. This type of flaw usually occurs in areas consisting of sharp angular intersections and/or radical section changes. The use of fillets and smooth transitions can help prevent this from occurring but not in every case. Flat broad thin meshes and grids are very often problematic but not always impossible. The overall size to mass ratio does seem to play a factor but no generalized rule has yet to be determined. Actually, it would surprise me if the use of the true "Golden Ratio" (1.618033……) didn't improve any design intended for 3dmp.
 Forgive me if these comments seem a bit vague but currently it is simply the nature of the beast. I truly believe that [I]everyone[/I] involved with these new technologies is now acting as a contributor to a global knowledge base. Whether designer, businessman or technician, we are all together writing the book on 3d printing/manufacturing. Pretty exciting stuff really!
 -Glen Gardner
 8. ideazonepd
 I'm curious to know if it would be possible to make a Glossy Stainless Steel material available on my models? (similar to the glossy on Gold Plated and Antique Bronze).
 9. bob scifo
 Stainless steel seems to shrink very slightly; is there a known percentage of shrinkage?
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text:
BY Tapiwa Machemedze
Environmental degradation along the Mazowe Dam basin has increased due to mining activities forcing stakeholders to undertake urgent corrective measures.
The move comes as surrounding farmers are failing to irrigate their crops due to insufficient water.
Mazowe Dam is currently 21 per cent full, and its water retention capacity has decreased due to siltation caused by mining activities, thus raising concern as rains are fast approaching.
Minister of State for Provincial Affairs in Mashonaland Central Honourable Monica Mavhunga assessed the dam on Wednesday afternoon tasking a technical committee of the Upper Mazowe Sub catchment to adopt permanent corrective measures.
"Let us find a permanent solution than to ask each other what to do. No one will come and save the dam for us."
Upper Mazowe Sub-catchment Council Chairman Mr Flemming Dhlamini said the priority is to ensure the dam fills ups to sustain various economic activities.
"Our target is to ensure that when we receive reasonable rainfall this dam fills up, farmers right now could have been irrigating green mealies, beans and potatoes but that is not possible."
Illegal settlements have since sprung up right on the river basin of Mazowe Dam which was built in 1920.
At full capacity, the dam holds 39 thousand megalitres.


Ubuntu and the other Linux distributions available on Windows 10 use the Bash shell by default, but that's not your only option. Windows has a compatibility layer for running Linux software on Windows, and you can use it to run Zsh or whatever shell you prefer.
The Zsh shell now works on Windows 10. You can have Bash automatically execute Zsh whenever you launch it. Oh My Zsh also works for customizing your Zsh shell in Windows, just as it does in Linux.
Start By Installing Bash
RELATED: How to Install and Use the Linux Bash Shell on Windows 10
Before installing your shell of choice, you'll first need to enable the Windows Subsystem for Linux and install a Linux environment. We'll be using Ubuntu as an example in this article, but you can perform a similar process on openSUSE and other Linux distributions.
If you've already installed Bash on Windows, you're good to go.
How to Install Zsh (or Another Shell)
After Bash is installed, you just need to install the shell you want to use from within Bash. You do this with the apt-get command, just as you'd install any other software package on Ubuntu Linux.
To install Zsh on Ubuntu, open the Bash shell and run the following command:
sudo apt-get install zsh
Press "y" when prompted, and then press Enter to continue. Apt-get automatically downloads and installs Zsh from Ubuntu's repositories.
On other Linux distributions, just use your Linux distribution's software installation command. For example, you'll need to use the zypper command on openSUSE.
If you want to use another shell, specify the name of that shell instead of Zsh. For example, we've seen reports that the Fish shell also works well. To install it, you'd run the following command:
sudo apt-get install fish
How to Launch Zsh (or Another Shell)
To launch Zsh or another shell after it's installed, just type the name of the shell in the Bash prompt, and then press Enter. For example, to start using Zsh from Bash, you'd just type:
zsh
You'll be prompted to go through Zsh's first-time setup process and create a configuration profile the first time you launch it. Type "2" to create a configuration profile with the recommended default settings.
To leave the zsh shell and return to Bash, just run the following command:
exit
How to Directly Launch Zsh
You can launch the Zsh shell directly with a command like the following:
wsl zsh
bash -c zsh
ubuntu -c zsh
opensuse-42 -c zsh
sles-12 -c zsh
How to Make Bash Automatically Launch Zsh
You can also have Bash automatically switch to Zsh whenever you launch it.
To do this, you need to edit your .bashrc file. Bash runs the commands in this file every time it starts. You can make the edits using any text editor you like, including vi, but we'll explain the process using nano.
To open the .bashrc file in nano, run the following command:
nano .bashrc
Add the following lines to the file. You could simply add the "exec zsh" line, but the following additional lines ensure that Bash only launches Zsh when you open a Bash window. This avoid causing problems for other software.
# Launch Zsh
if [ -t 1 ]; then
exec zsh
fi
If you wanted to execute a different shell, you'd enter that shell's command instead of the "zsh" command.
After you make the changes, press Ctrl+O and then Enter to save the file. Press Ctrl+X to exit nano afterwards.
Now, whenever you open the Ubuntu shortcut (or other Linux distribution shortcut) on Windows, it starts up with the Zsh shell.
To reverse your change, edit the .bashrc file again and delete the section you added.
All alternative Linux shells should work, in theory. If one doesn't, Microsoft needs to fix the underlying Windows Subsystem for Linux so that is correctly runs more Linux software. You can view existing bugs and report new bugs to Microsoft at the BashOnWindows GitHub page.
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Chris Hoffman is Editor-in-Chief of How-To Geek. He's written about technology for over a decade and was a PCWorld columnist for two years. Chris has written for The New York Times and Reader's Digest, been interviewed as a technology expert on TV stations like Miami's NBC 6, and had his work covered by news outlets like the BBC. Since 2011, Chris has written over 2,000 articles that have been read more than one billion times---and that's just here at How-To Geek.
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Fake 3D with Shape Layers in Ae
Move Shapes shows how to create a fake 3D effect using shape layers in After Effects.
You don't need 3D to create 3D. Since the invention of perspective people have drawn in 3D on a 2D plane, essentially creating "fake 3D". In After Effects, animating a fake 3D effect is pretty straightforward. As long as you can animate the points of a vector shape, you can trick the eye into thinking an element is 3D. Some things will be harder than others with this technique, but for something like a spinning box or a moving car, it's perfect.
Check out this tutorial from Peter Arumugam, also known as Move Shapes who shows how easy it is to create a fake 3D car turn using shape layers in After Effects. The video shows direct animation for the After Effects layer elements, likely to convey the concept a little easier. It is worthwhile to note that any time you want to key something, you should have a rig to accept those keyframes, not the element itself.
A great example of using a rig with a fake 3D turn is this tutorial from animator and illustrator, Hunan Hunanyan. The tutorial covers how to rig a car using DUIK in After Effects, making use of the Morpher tool there. Check out that tutorial here.


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No. 1 Ladies' Detective Agency LARGE PRINT
by McCall Smith, Alexander
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1. Family life and African culture are very important to Mma Ramotswe. How do her descriptions and discussions of these areas provide insight into her character?
2. When Mma Ramotswe decides to become a detective, she purchases a manual to help her learn the business. The manual advises her to rely on hunches to solve her cases. How does this advice shape "The No. 1 Ladies Detective Agency"?
3. Many contemporary mystery and detective novels have a detective solving one major crime, usually a murder. How is "The No. 1 Ladies Detective Agency" different from other mysteries you've read?
4. Early in her life Mma Ramotswe marries Note and the marriage ends badly. How does this experience impact her job as a detective? Does it give her insight into how others act and what might motivate them?
5. "The No. 1 Ladies Detective Agency" features Mma Ramotswe, a female detective from Botswana. How does the author, whose life is very different from that of Mma Ramotswe's, capture her character?
6. "The No. 1 Ladies Detective Agency" includes many detailed descriptions of African life, and especially features life in Mma Ramotswe's beloved Botswana. Were you familiar with what life might be like in Botswana before you read this novel?
7. Were you surprised by Mma Ramotswe's response to Mr. J L B Maketoni's proposal?
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text:
Definitions for viomycin
a basic polypeptide antibiotic (trade name Viocin) administered intramuscularly (along with other drugs) in the treatment of tuberculosis
An antibiotic, of complex structure, derived from the actinomycete Streptomyces puniceus
U.S. National Library of Medicine
A strongly basic peptide, antibiotic complex from several strains of Streptomyces. It is allergenic and toxic to kidneys and the labyrinth. Viomycin is used in tuberculosis as several different salts and in combination with other agents.


text:
- Autonomy - While part of LAUSD, Pilot Schools have increased control over their own resources. Pilot Schools are granted five key areas of autonomy: budget, staffing, schedule, governance, and curriculum and assessment.
- Accountability - Pilot Schools are held to higher levels of accountability in exchange for increased autonomy.
- Small Size - Pilot Schools are small in size in order to facilitate students and adults knowing each other well. Pilot Schools work to create nurturing environments in which staff attend to the learning needs of all students.
- Commitment to Equity - Pilot Schools serve all students and their enrollment reflects district demographics. Pilot Schools are committed to continually examining student data to ensure effective practice that supports student achievement.
- Personalized - Teachers know students and support them in achieving their best.
- Academic - Focus on college and career preparation. All students take an A-G curriculum.
- Engaging - Schoolwork is connected to real world learning though projects and internships.
Benefits for Parents
- Safe - Pilot Schools have nurturing environments where teachers care about students.
- Inclusive - Parents are active members of the school community.
- Equitable - Every student is supported to meet high standards and achieve academic success.
Benefits for Teachers and Staff


text:
|Home \ Publications \ InProceedings Page||Login|
Bet without Looking: Studying Eyes-Free Interaction During Live SportsAbstract:
This paper presents a comparison study of three different interaction methods for an eyes-free interaction with a second screen application while watching a TV broadcast. These interaction methods were used in WeBet, a touch-based mobile game that prompts users to bet if a goal is about to happen during a football match. WeBet is one of the prototypes we have been developing to increase the remote users' emotional levels during live sports broadcasts, so that they feel like if they were scoring a goal with their team. However, that can only be achieved if the second screen application does not require the users' attention when a goal (key moment) is just about to happen, otherwise they would be frustrated to miss that exciting moment. To this end, we conducted user tests that allowed us to determine the usage patterns and users' preferences regarding three different interaction methods, as well as to identify important refinements to be considered in future developments.


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|Classification tree for predicting vulnerability to famine|
Here's an interesting example from the paper Identifying Indicators of Vulnerability to Famine and Chronic Food Insecurity by Yohannes and Webb, showing predictors of vulnerability to famine based on a survey of households. The image shows all the predictors that were identified by the tree, which appear below each circle. Each predictor is a binary variable and you go right or left depending on the value of the predictor. It is easiest to start reading from the top, with an household in mind.
Our goal is to generate groups of households with similar profiles, where profiles are the combination of answers to different survey questions.
- Drag the outcome of interest into the Values area
- Find the first predictor that best splits the profiles and drag it into the Row Label field*.
- Given the first predictor, find the next predictor to further split the profiles, and drag into the Row Label field**.
- Given the first two splits, find the next predictor to further split the profiles (could also be one of the earlier variables) and drag into the Row Label field***
- Continue this process until some over-fitting criterion is reached
You might imagine the final result as a really crowded Pivot Table, with multiple predictors in the Row Label fields. This is indeed quite close, except for two slight differences:
* Each time a predictor is dragged into the Row or Column Labels fields, it is converted into a binary variable, creating only two classes. For example,
- Gender would not change (Female/Male)
- Country could be turned into "India/Other".
- noncereal yield was discretized into "Above/below 4.7".
** After a predictor is dragged, the next predictor is actually dragged only into one of the two splits of the first predictor. In our example, after dragging noncereal yield (Above/Below 4.7), the predictor oxen owned (Above/Below 1.5) only applies to noncereal yield Below 4.7.
*** We also note that a tree can "drag" a predictor more than once into the Row Labels fields. For example, TLU/capita appears twice in the tree, so theoretically in the pivot table we'd drag TLU/capita after oxen owned and again after crop diversity.
So where is the "intelligence" of a tree over an elaborate pivot table? First, it automatically determines which predictor is the best one to use at each stage. Second, it automatically determines the value on which to split. Third, it knows when to stop, to avoid over-fitting the data. In a pivot table, the user would have to determine which predictors to include, their order, and what are the critical values to split on. And finally, this complex process going on behind the scenes is easily interpretable by a tree chart.


text:
The first area of the museum goes through the history of the company. It all started with the Waterbury Clock Company by Gordon Webster Burnham and Aaron Benedict. But the company failed in 1944, and it became a part of the U.S. Time Corp. Originally started as a brass factory, it evolved into making clocks with brass parts. Today it is known as simply Timex. Also, it was interesting to note how forward thinking the company was even in its early days. Predating the women's rights movements by a decade, a woman's hands were seen as assets in clock making. Consequently, by the mid 1880's, women made up as much as thirty five percent of the Waterbury Clock Company's workforce. It also gave a good life to families of immigrants, especially French Canadian, who came to Waterbury for a better life. One of the biggest things that the company became known for, which also saved the company during harsh times, was the invention of the Mickey Mouse watch in 1933. This opened up the market for children to become proud watch wearers. During this time also, The Waterbury Clock Company made defense products to help defeat the Nazis during World War 2.
There is also a cultural exhibit, which includes the mysteries of Easter Island. The water display allows the museum visitors the chance to see how boating with or against the current can affect the time it gets to travel somewhere. The last exhibit is the
The museum is open from Tuesday thru Saturday from 10 a.m. till 7 p.m. Admission is six dollars (cash only), and it is wheelchair accessible.


text:
Diagnostic and Therapeutic Applications in Microarrays in Organ Transplantation
The current standard for biopsy-based diagnoses of dysfunction of kidney transplants is the Banff Classification which represents arbitrary international consensus. Recent data-driven approaches using molecular and conventional technologies indicate that mere consensus produces frequently incorrect diagnoses with potential harm to patients due to inappropriate treatment. To address this unmet need and improve diagnostics in the area of organ transplantation, the Alberta Transplant Applied Genomics Centre (ATAGC) has developed a new diagnostic system that combines the molecular and histopathological features of transplant biopsies, plus clinical and laboratory parameters, to create the first Integrated Diagnostic System. The present study will validate and refine this system in 500 prospectively unselected biopsies for clinical indications from American, Canadian and European centres. In addition to demonstrating the feasibility and value of this System in routine patient care and clinical trials, the study will develop and optimize a transparent and user-friendly reporting format to communicate this information to clinicians and obtain detailed feedback on how this system can best improve patient care.
To Validate the Integrated Diagnostic System in the International Collaborative Microarray (INTERCOM)
To Develop a Clinically Feasible and Useful Reporting System for Molecular, Histopathology and Integrated
To Incorporate the Integrated Diagnostic System Into International Diagnostic Standards
|Study Design:||Observational Model: Cohort
Time Perspective: Prospective
|Official Title:||Multi-centric Observational Study to Analyse the Diagnostic Molecular Features in the Clinical Setting of Kidney Allograft Biopsies|
Needle kidney biopsy core as per local standard of care
|Study Start Date:||May 2011|
Kidney Transplant Biopsies for Cause
The study population includes patients with a functioning kidney transplant undergoing a biopsy for clinical indications as standard of care to determine the cause of their graft dysfunction (deterioration in graft function, delayed graft function, proteinuria).
The study is now fully enrolled (N=300) and the results are being analyzed. Follow-up data is being collected.
|United States, Maryland|
|University of Maryland School of Medicine|
|Baltimore, Maryland, United States, 21209|
|United States, Minnesota|
|University of Minnesota|
|Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States, 55455|
|Hannover, Germany, 30625|
|Vall d'Hebron Hospital|
|Barcelona, Spain, 08035|
|Manchester Royal Infirmary|
|Manchester, United Kingdom, M13 9WL|


"Sin" vs. "Offense"
There is a difference between a "sin" (adharma or pāpa) and a "hatred" (a.k.a "offense" – aparādhā). "Hatred" is "sin" but not all "sin" is "hatred." "Hatred" is a special subset of "sin" – it is the worst type. It is so bad that it is considered in a separate category.
A "sin" is simply failure to fulfill our duty, responsibility and function. A father, for example, sins if he cannot provide physical and mental security for his family. The acts he does which contribute to this failure are also "sins."
A "hatred" (aparādhā) is an intentional hurt or slander against a person who deserves to be respected or loved. Sin can happen by mistake or out of weakness, but hatred (aparādhā) is willful and intentional by definition.
One example of aparādhā: The teacher comes into the room, and the student refuses to stand. Another example: A father yelling at his daughter for wanting his attention and affection
An aparādhā is not a mistake, it is intentional. Because aparādhā are intentional, they are worse than ordinary "sin."
A student who didn't know he was supposed to stand when the teacher entered the room isn't so much an aparādhī as a mild pāpī. A father who unintentionally fails in his relationship with his daughter is again more a pāpī than an aparādhī.
It is far worse to be an aparādhī than to be a pāpī. In Gītā, Krishna says that the worst type of sin is kāma – selfish desire. This is because kāma is the root of aparādhā. When we want things for ourself (kāma), we will inevitably hate (aparādhā) those who frustrate our desires.
We have wasted a lot of our time and breath criticizing "materialistic people" for their "sins" but we are far, far worse than they are because of our aparādhā against the most lovable entity, Krishna. We know that we should be attentive and affectionate towards Krishna's name, image, wisdom (the Veda) and to those who teach and exemplify it (the gurus and sādhus), but we continue to refuse to make that effort.
Our lack of progress in bhakti-yoga is due to aparādhā, but aparādhā is based on our failure to develop proper comprehension of the goal (prayojana), the process (adhideya), and the components of reality (sambandha). The tendency for hatred goes away the more deeply we comprehend our relationship to other people and reality as a whole – i.e. the more deeply we understand sambandha-jñāna. So the best cure for the worst evil is careful study of śāstra under the guidance of a guru who deeply understands them.
– Vraja Kishor dās
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 1. One time long long ago in a bhagavatam lecture I remember the speaker discussing a difference between "kama" and "kam" and explaining that kam is strictly lust, where as kama is a more neutral term and designates desire in a more general sense. I'm paraphrasing what I remember + my memory is not too good-maybe I'm entirely mistaken.
 Any thoughts on this? And of course there is kama sutra. Im not very scholarly but I always thought that was sort of meant as an allowance to people in general for accomodating human desires while living God-centered lives.
 I was a little confused with your use of the word kama, but I emphasize I am not challenging you as I no very little myself. I'm just confused.
 1. Kāma is the correct pronunciation. Kām is the vernacular pronunciation. They are not two different words.
 Kāma sūtra is the summary of all Vedic instruction on how to enjoy pleasures. It is compiled by the sage Vatsāyana. It is mastered by Kāmadeva and Rati, but Kāmadeva and Rati cannot comprehend the mastery of Krishna and Rādhā of these sūtras.
 Kāma-sūtra is meant to help people enjoy their senses. There is nothing wrong with enjoying the senses in the ways described there – which are healthy, moderate, and not to the exclusion of the more evolved goals of life, including liberation.
 Kāma is "pleasure." Kāma can be called lust, but it is not only sexual lust, therefore the word lust can be misleading as nowadays most people only think of the sexual connotation. The desire for enjoyment is self-centeredness. So self-centered desire or "selfishness" is how I prefer to translate and explain kāma.
 1. A good approach is to deduce.
 Kandarpa. God of Love {pritideva}[spiritual world] (purity is essential)
 Kamadeva. God of Lust {kamadeva}
 [material world] (pleasure is all encompassing)
 Same being, two different worlds. I know; I yearn for pleasure in this world and prayer to enhance my future in the next world.
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