text:
The Envision rating system and its alignment with the SDGs
Available for Envision Sustainable Professionals (ENV SP) at the Institute for Sustainable Infrastructure (ISI's) website, this online course highlights potential synergies between the United Nations' 2030 Agenda and the Envision Framework. As such, the course explores how the Envision Rating System can help project teams better understand how to apply the principles of sustainable development throughout the project delivery process, thus contributing to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
Cristina Contreras, Founder and Managing Director of Sinfranova, is a contributing author of this online course, which is part of the Envision maintenance credential program that ENV SP must undergo annually in order to maintain their ENV SP credential.
The Institute for Sustainable Infrastructure (ISI).
Explore the synergies between the Envision rating system and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs);
Review of the 17 SDGs and comparison between the SDGs and the Envision attributes;
Implementation of Envision towards achieving the SDGs.
Envision Sustainability Professionals (ENV SP).


text:
MIX FLAKE FEED:
As a result of the analyzes made in the
quality control laboratory, the corn and barley that meet the criteria are
transferred to the Steam Cheast after being purified from foreign materials.
Here, corns cooked for 45-60 minutes with steam at the appropriate temperature
(130-150 °C) and barley cooked at (120-130 °C) for 30-40 minutes are passed
through flakers and crushed to an appropriate thickness (1.5 mm). It is formed
into flakes and gelatinization of starch is provided. Corns/barley with maximum
digestion are cooled in special cooling bands. After being reduced to the
appropriate temperature and humidity, the product is packed in silos.
Corn and barley, which pass through these
production stages, gelatinize the starch contained in it, increase its
digestibility, increase the animal's use of starch and energy from grain barley
and corn, and increase meat and milk yield by 10-15%.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


Find the maximum possible distance from origin using given points
Given N 2-Dimensional points. The task is to find the maximum possible distance from the origin using given points. Using the ith point (xi, yi) one can move from (a, b) to (a + xi, b + yi).
Note: N lies between 1 to 1000 and each point can be used at most once.
Examples:
Input: arr[][] = {{1, 1}, {2, 2}, {3, 3}, {4, 4}}
Output: 14.14
The farthest point we can move to is (10, 10).
Input: arr[][] = {{0, 10}, {5, -5}, {-5, -5}}
Output: 10.00
Approach: The key observation is that when the points are ordered by the angles their vectors make with the x-axis, the answer will include vectors in some contiguous range. A proof of this fact can be read from here. Then, the solution is fairly easy to implement. Iterate over all possible ranges and compute the answers for each of them, taking the maximum as the result. When implemented appropriately, this is an O(N2) approach.
Below is the implementation of the above approach:
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// C++ implementation of the approach
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

// Function to find the maximum possible
// distance from origin using given points.
void Max_Distance(vector<pair<int, int> >& xy, int n)
{
 // Sort the points with their tan angle
 sort(xy.begin(), xy.end(), [](const pair<int, int>& l,
 const pair<int, int>& r) {
 return atan2l(l.second, l.first)
 < atan2l(r.second, r.first);
 });

 // Push the whole vector
 for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
 xy.push_back(xy[i]);

 // To store the required answer
 int res = 0;

 // Find the maximum possible answer
 for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
 int x = 0, y = 0;
 for (int j = i; j < i + n; j++) {
 x += xy[j].first;
 y += xy[j].second;
 res = max(res, x * x + y * y);
 }
 }

 // Print the required answer
 cout << fixed << setprecision(2) << sqrtl(res);
}

// Driver code
int main()
{
 vector<pair<int, int> > vec = { { 1, 1 },
 { 2, 2 },
 { 3, 3 },
 { 4, 4 } };

 int n = vec.size();

 // Function call
 Max_Distance(vec, n);

 return 0;
}
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Output:
14.14
My Personal Notes arrow_drop_up
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How to create a GUI(Graphical User Interface) using C programming Language.. (part 5)
28 10 2011
Hi, everyone it's been a long time., yes, ok now I'm back with some Tech things. As promised , today I'm going to blog about how to create Mini-Calculator with C language GUI. So before get started I thing it's better to read past articles on this topic, because some guys informed they didn't get it very clear. I think that happens because they didn't go through the past articles related to this one before read the fresh one 😀 .
Mini Calculator v 1.0
So here is related articles …. read them first
1) How to create a GUI(Graphical User Interface) using C programming Language..
2) How to create a GUI(Graphical User Interface) using C programming Language.. (part 2)
3) How to create a GUI(Graphical User Interface) using C programming Language.. (part 3)
4) How to create a GUI(Graphical User Interface) using C programming Language.. (part 4)
Now open Glade Software and create a user interface with these settings.
 - For the main Window
General–> Name= mainWindow
General–>Resizable= No
Common–>Height request = 400
Common–>Width request=250
 - For Display Label
General–>Name=displayLabel
General–>Label=Mini-Calculator v1.0 | gihansblog.com
 - For Text Entry
General–>Name=textEntry
 - For Exit Button
General–>Name=exitButton
General–>Label=Exit
Signals–>Clicked=on_exitButton_clicked
 - For Button 0 to 9
General–>Name=no1Button
General–>Label=1
Signals–>Clicked=on_no1Button_clicked
General–>Name=no2Button
General–>Label=2
Signals–>Clicked=on_no2Button_clicked ………
 - For + Button
General–>Name=addButton
General–>Label=+
Signals–>Clicked=on_addButton_clicked
 - For – Button
General–>Name=subButton
General–>Label= –
Signals–>Clicked=on_subButton_clicked
 - For x Button
General–>Name=mulButton
General–>Label= x
Signals–>Clicked=on_mulButton_clicked
 - For ÷ Button
General–>Name=divButton
General–>Label= ÷
Signals–>Clicked=on_divButton_clicked
 - For √ Button
General–>Name=sqrtButton
General–>Label= √
Signals–>Clicked=on_divButton_clicked
After you finish with Glade it should be similar to this..
Mini Calculator v 1.0 Gihan's Blog.comNow open Colde Blocks gtk project. Erase the default contents of main.c . Here I have changed the structure of the project like this ..
1) main.c
2) callbacks.c
3) callbacks.h
main.c contains the main method of programm, and callbacks.c contains the rest of methods and callback.h header file contains functions prototypes of methods that contains callback.c
project_structure_ gihansblog.com
DOWNLOAD the Source code!
Here I'm not going to explain all the things, because I've already explained most of it in previous articles.
Code Explained…
GladeXML *xml;
GtkWidget *textValue;
gdouble display;
gdouble primaryTotal=0;//primary total
gdouble mainTotal=0;
gchar *d_string;
int clickedButton=0;// find the clicked buttton default is zero '0'.
 /*
 Values of 'clickedButton'
 ————————
 plusButton_clicked –>1
 subButton_clicked –>2
 mulButton_clicked –>3
 divButton_clicked –>4
 */
Mainly in here, what we do with a calculator is do some calculation. For example think we are going to do this operation "1+2". So first what we do is hit the "1" button and hit "+" and "2", then press "=" to get the result on the text entry. In this algorithm , when pressing the "1" button it gives the "1" value to the text entry and when "+" button clicked it stores the display value in display variable and get the sum with primaryTotal variable and put it to again primaryTotal . Then we press "2". So now this also displays on the text entry, then "=" button clicked ,it should chose the correct operation(at this time, it is "+") in the operation primaryTotal value should do the related operation with display then should put it again into mainTotal. For example in addition it should be
mainTotal=primaryTotal+display;
G_MODULE_EXPORT void on_no1Button_clicked(GtkWidget *widget, gpointer *data)
{
 /* Find the Glade XML tree containing widget. */
 xml = glade_get_widget_tree(GTK_WIDGET( widget ));
 /* Pull the widgets out of the tree */
 textValue= glade_xml_get_widget(xml, "textEntry");
 gtk_entry_append_text(GTK_ENTRY(textValue),"1″);
}
Here first line gets the widget tree to a GladeXML type variable. Then second line gets the textEntry value to the GtkWidget type variable called textValue. Third line set "1" to the textEntry object as append action. Like this all 0-9 button code works.
G_MODULE_EXPORT void on_addButton_clicked(GtkWidget *widget, gpointer *data)
{
 /* Find the Glade XML tree containing widget. */
 xml = glade_get_widget_tree(GTK_WIDGET( widget ));
 /* Pull the widgets out of the tree */
 textValue= glade_xml_get_widget(xml, "textEntry");
 /* Get the string value form the Entry widgets */
 d_string=gtk_entry_get_text(GTK_ENTRY(textValue));
 /* convert it into the double */
 display=atof(d_string);
 /* Add it to the primary total */
 primaryTotal=primaryTotal+display;
 /* Clear the entry*/
 gtk_entry_set_text(GTK_ENTRY(textValue),"");
 /* Set clicked button as 1 'plusButton_clicked' */
 clickedButton=1;
}
In this method first 3 lines are similar to above explanation. In third line I have used atof() function from math.h header. It converts the string value to double. Because we need double values to calculate the maths. Next line gets the sum of primaryTotal and display variables. Then clearing the textEntry field it sets clickedButton variable to 1, to mention that the operation is set to summation. Like wise, value of clickedButton says the operation to do.
Values of 'clickedButton'
————————
plusButton_clicked –>1
subButton_clicked –>2
mulButton_clicked –>3
divButton_clicked –>4
G_MODULE_EXPORT void on_equalButton_clicked(GtkWidget *widget, gpointer *data)
{
 /* Find the Glade XML tree containing widget. */
 xml = glade_get_widget_tree(GTK_WIDGET( widget ));
 /* Pull the widgets out of the tree */
 textValue= glade_xml_get_widget(xml, "textEntry");
 /* Read the entry value and copy it to a char* */
 d_string=gtk_entry_get_text(GTK_ENTRY(textValue));
 /* convert the string to double*/
 display=atof(d_string);
 /*Do the oprations according to clicked button*/
 switch(clickedButton)
 {
 case 0 :{
 break;
 }
 case 1 :{
 /* Do Addition*/
 mainTotal=primaryTotal+display;
 break;
 }
 case 2 :{
 /* Do Substraction*/
 mainTotal=primaryTotal-display;
 break;
 }
 case 3 :{
 /* Do Multipication*/
 mainTotal=primaryTotal*display;
 break;
 }
 case 4 :{
 /* Do Division*/
 mainTotal=primaryTotal/display;
 break;
 }
 }// end switch
 /*convert double to string and print the value on entry*/
 gtk_entry_set_text(GTK_ENTRY(textValue),g_strdup_printf("%f",mainTotal));
 /* set total to zreo '0'*/
 primaryTotal=0;
 /* Set clicked


Principle of Inclusion-Exclusion
Revision as of 23:57, 10 July 2006 by Mysmartmouth (talk | contribs) (Five Set Example)
The Principle of Inclusion-Exclusion (abbreviated PIE) provides an organized method/formula to find the number of elements in the union of a given group of sets, the size of each set, and the size of all possible intersections among the sets.
Application
Here we will illustrate how PIE is applied with various numbers of sets.
Two Set Example
Assume we are given the sizes of two sets, $|A_1|$ and $|A_2|$, and the size of their intersection, $|A_1\cap A_2|$. We wish to find the size of their union, $|A_1\cup A_2|$.
To find the union, we can add $|A_1|$ and $|A_2|$. In doing so, we know we have counted everything in $|A_1\cup A_2|$ at least once. However, some things were counted twice. The elements that were counted twice are precisely those in ${}A_1\cap A_2$. Thus, we have that:
$|A_1 \cup A_2| = |A_1| + |A_2| - |A_1\cap A_2|.$
Three Set Example
Assume we are given the sizes of three sets, $|A_1|, |A_2|,{}$ and $|A_3|$, the size of their pairwise intersections, $|A_1\cap A_2|, |A_2\cap A_3|$, and $|A_3\cap A_1|$, and the size their overall intersection, $|A_1\cap A_2\cap A_3|$. We wish to find the size of their union, $|A_1\cup A_2\cup A_3|$.
Just like in the Two Set Example, we start with the sum of the sizes of the individual sets $|A_1|+|A_2|+|A_3|$. We have counted the elements which are in exactly one of the original three sets once, but we've obviously counted other things twice, and even other things thrice! To account for the elements that are in two of the three sets, we first subtract out $|A_1\cap A_2|+|A_2\cap A_3| + |A_3\cap A_1|$. Now we have correctly accounted for them since we counted them twice originally, and just subtracted them out once. However, the elements that are in all three sets were originally counted three times, and then subtracted out three times. We have to add back in $|A_1\cap A_2\cap A_3|$. Putting this all together gives:
$|A_1\cup A_2\cup A_3| = |A_1| + |A_2| + |A_3| -|A_1\cap A_2| - |A_2\cap A_3| - |A_3\cap A_1| +|A_1\cap A_2\cap A_3|.$
Five Set Example
Problem:
There are five courses at my school. Students take the classes as follows. 243 take algebra. 323 take language arts. 143 take scocial studies. 241 take biology. 300 take history. 213 take algebra and language arts. 264 take algebra and social studies. 144 take algebra and biology. 121 take algebra and history. 111 take language arts and social studies. 90 take language arts and biology. 80 take language arts and history. 60 take social studies and biology. 70 take social studies and history. 60 take biology and history. 50 take algebra, language arts, and social studies. 50 take algebra, language arts, and biology. 50 take algebra, language arts, and history. 50 take algebra, social studies, and biology. 50 take algebra, social studies, and history. 50 take algebra, biology, and history. 50 take language arts, social studies, and biology. 50 take language arts, social studies, and history. 50 take language arts, biology, and history. 50 take social studies, biology, and history. 20 take algebra, language arts, social studies, and biology. 15 take algebra, language arts, social studies, and history. 15 take algebra, language arts, biology, and history. 10 take algebra, social studies, biology, and history. 10 take language arts, social studies, biology, and history. 5 take all five. None take none.
How many people are in my school?
Solution: Let A be the subset of students who take algebra, L-languages, S-social s., B-biology, H-history, M the set of all students.We have:
$\mid M\mid =\mid A\mid+\mid L\mid+\mid S\mid+\mid B\mid+\mid H\mid-\mid A\cap L\mid-\mid A\cap S\mid-\mid A\cap B\mid-\mid A\cap H\mid-\mid L\cap S\mid-\mid L\cap B \mid- \mid L\cap H\mid-\mid S\cap B\mid-\mid S\cap$
$H\mid-\mid B\cap H\mid+\mid A\cap L\cap S\mid+\mid A\cap L\cap B\mid+\mid A\cap L\cap H\mid+\mid A\cap S\cap B\mid+\mid A\cap S\cap H\mid+\mid A\cap B\cap H\mid+\mid L\cap S\mid H\mid+\mid L\cap S \cap B\mid+\mid S\cap B\cap$
$H\mid+\mid L \cap B\cap H\mid-\mid A\cap L\cap S\cap B\mid-\mid A\cap L\cap S\cap H\mid-\mid A\cap L\cap B\cap H\mid-\mid A\cap S\cap B\cap H\mid-\mid L\cap S\cap B\cap H\mid +\mid A\cap L\cap S\cap B\cap H\mid=$
$\displaystyle 243+323+143+241+300-213-264-144-121-111-90-80-60-70-60$
$+50+50+50+50+50+50+50+50+50+50-20-15-15-10-10+5=472$
Statement
If $(A_i)_{1\leq i\leq n}$ are finite sets, then:
$\left|\bigcup_{i=1}^n A_i\right|=\sum_{i=1}^n\left|A_i\right| -\sum_{i < j}\left|A_i\cap A_j\right| +\sum_{i<j<k}\left|A_i\cap A_j\cap A_k\right|-\cdots\ +(-1)^n \left|A_1\cap\cdots\cap A_n\right|{}.$
Remark
Sometimes it is also useful to know that, if you take into account only the first $m\le n$ sums on the right, then you will get an overestimate if $m$ is odd and an underestimate if $m$ is even. So,
$\left|\bigcup_{i=1}^n A_i\right|\le \sum_{i=1}^n\left|A_i\right|$,
$\left|\bigcup_{i=1}^n A_i\right|\ge \sum_{i=1}^n\left|A_i\right| -\sum_{i < j}\left|A_i\cap A_j\right|$,
$\left|\bigcup_{i=1}^n A_i\right|\le \sum_{i=1}^n\left|A_i\right| -\sum_{i < j}\left|A_i\cap A_j\right| +\sum_{i<j<k}\left|A_i\cap A_j\cap A_k\right|$,
and so on.
Examples
See also
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How Many Watts Does a Lasko Fan Use? A Comprehensive Guide
Are you curious about how many watts a Lasko fan uses? It's understandable – many people these days are concerned about the energy consumption of their appliances, and fans are no exception. Well, the answer is that it depends on the model of the fan. Some Lasko fans use as little as 7 watts, while others can use up to 100 watts or more.
So why does the wattage of a fan matter? For one thing, if you're trying to conserve energy or reduce your carbon footprint, it's helpful to know how much power your appliances are using. Additionally, if you're trying to calculate your monthly utility bills, knowing how many watts your fan uses can help you get a more accurate estimate of your overall energy usage. Overall, understanding how many watts a Lasko fan uses can help you make more informed decisions about your household's energy consumption.
If you're in the market for a new Lasko fan and want to make sure you're choosing one with the lowest energy usage possible, there are a few things to keep in mind. Firstly, look for fans with Energy Star certifications, which means that they meet certain energy efficiency standards set by the government. Additionally, consider the size and features of the fan you're interested in – larger fans tend to use more energy, as do fans with additional features like remote controls or oscillation settings. By doing your research and comparing different models, you can find a Lasko fan that meets your needs while minimizing your energy usage and costs.
Lasko Fan Wattage Range
When it comes to choosing a Lasko fan, one of the factors to consider is the wattage of the fan. This refers to the amount of electrical power that the fan uses. Understanding the wattage range of Lasko fans can help you choose the most suitable model for your needs.
 - Lasko Box Fan – Depending on the model, Lasko box fans range from 40 watts to 100 watts.
 - Lasko Tower Fan – Lasko tower fans generally range from 40 watts to 100 watts.
 - Lasko Pedestal Fan – Lasko pedestal fans usually range from 45 watts to 90 watts.
While the wattage range of Lasko fans may seem relatively low, it's important to remember that they are designed to be energy-efficient and cost-effective. A lower wattage also means a lower energy bill.
If you're concerned about the wattage of your Lasko fan, you can always check the product specifications to determine its exact wattage.
Factors that Affect Lasko Fan Wattage
While Lasko fans generally have a low wattage range, there are a few factors that can affect the wattage of a specific model:
 - Size – Generally, larger fans will have a higher wattage due to their increased power and size.
 - Speed settings – Fans with multiple speed settings may use more wattage when set to higher speeds.
 - Add-on features – Some Lasko fans come with additional features, such as air ionizers or LED lights, which can increase the wattage usage.
Lasko Fan Wattage Comparison
Fan Model Lowest Wattage Highest Wattage
Lasko Box Fan 40 watts 100 watts
Lasko Tower Fan 40 watts 100 watts
Lasko Pedestal Fan 45 watts 90 watts
As you can see from the comparison chart, Lasko fans have a consistent wattage range. When choosing a fan, it's important to consider your energy usage and requirements. By selecting a Lasko fan according to your needs, you can enjoy a cool breeze while keeping your energy bills low.
Lasko Box Fan Wattage
Lasko Box Fans are a popular choice for households and offices due to their sturdy build and powerful airflow. One of the main concerns when buying a fan is its electricity consumption. Knowing the exact Lasko Box Fan Wattage can help you make an informed decision on which fan to purchase.
 - Size plays an important role in determining the wattage of a Lasko Box Fan. The larger the fan, the higher its wattage. A 20-inch Lasko Box Fan will consume more electricity than a 14-inch fan.
 - The Lasko Box Fan Wattage also depends on its motor's power. The higher the number of speeds available on the fan, the more watts it will consume. Fans with powerful motors that produce more speeds will use more electricity.
 - The settings you use on the fan will also determine the Lasko Box Fan Wattage. If you set the fan at its highest speed, it will consume more electricity than when set on a lower speed.
It's essential to know that the Lasko Box Fan Wattage can vary from one model to another, so your fan's manual is the best resource for finding out its energy consumption. However, as a general rule, Lasko Box Fans use between 50 to 100 Watts of electricity.
If you're looking to reduce your energy consumption, Lasko has introduced energy-efficient fans, such as the Wind Curve Tower Fan, which uses only 60 Watts of electricity on the highest speed.
Lasko Box Fan Model Wattage Consumption
Lasko 3723 Box Fan 70 Watts
Lasko 3300 Box Fan 50 Watts
Lasko 3733 Box Fan 90 Watts
It's important to keep in mind that the wattage mentioned in the table above may vary slightly depending on your household's voltage and electrical current.
Lasko Tower Fan Wattage
If you are looking for an energy-efficient way to cool down your living space, then a tower fan is a great option. The Lasko Tower Fan is one of the most popular and well-known tower fans in the market. However, before you invest in this appliance, you might want to know how many watts it uses.
How many watts does a Lasko Tower Fan use?
 - Most Lasko Tower Fans use between 50-100 watts of electricity. This means that if you run your fan for eight hours a day, it will cost you around $0.08-$0.16 per day, depending on your electricity rate.
 - However, keep in mind that the number of watts consumed by your fan depends on the model and fan speed. Some models may consume more electricity than others.
 - Also, keep in mind that the higher the fan speed, the more energy it will consume. If you want to save energy and reduce your electricity bill, consider using your fan on a lower setting or using it for shorter periods.
Are Lasko Tower Fans efficient?
Yes, Lasko Tower Fans are designed to be energy-efficient. They are engineered to distribute air effectively, so you can feel comfortable even when the fan is set on a lower speed setting.
Moreover, Lasko Tower Fans come with different features that help reduce electricity consumption. For instance, some models come with a timer that allows you to set the fan to run for a specific amount of time. This feature ensures that the fan does not continue to run when you have left the room, wasting energy unnecessarily.
Lasko Tower Fan wattage comparison
Here is a table that compares the wattage of some popular Lasko Tower Fans:
Model Wattage
Lasko Wind Curve 60 watts
Lasko Ultra Slim 41 watts
Lasko T42951 53 watts
As you can see, the wattage of Lasko Tower Fans varies from model to model. If you are looking for a more energy-efficient option, you might want to consider the Lasko Ultra Slim or other lower wattage models.
Lasko Pedestal Fan Wattage
When it comes to finding the perfect fan for your home, many factors come into play, including size, noise levels, and most importantly, energy use. This article will focus on the Lasko Pedestal fan wattage and how it affects your electricity bill.
Factors Affecting Lasko Pedestal Fan Wattage
 - The size of the fan: The wattage of a fan can vary depending on its size. As a general rule, larger fans will use more energy than smaller ones due to the increased motor size and air movement required.
 - The fan's speed: The faster a fan operates, the more energy it will consume. Most Lasko Pedestal fans come with multiple speed settings, which allows you to choose a lower power setting for times when you don't need the maximum airflow.
 - The fan's age: Older fans may have less efficient motors, which can result in higher energy consumption.
How Many Watts Does a Lasko Pedestal Fan Use?
A Lasko Pedestal fan typically uses between 50 and 100 watts of energy, depending on the model and speed setting. At the lowest setting, a Lasko Pedestal fan can consume as little as 50 watts of energy, which is equivalent to using a typical light bulb. At the highest setting, a Lasko Pedestal fan will use a maximum of 100 watts, which is still reasonably energy-efficient compared to other types of fans.
For comparison, AC units typically use around 3,500 watts of energy, making a Lasko Pedestal fan a much more energy-efficient option to cool off a room. Additionally, using a fan in conjunction with air conditioning can cut down on the amount of time you need to run your AC unit, resulting in even more energy savings over time.
Lasko Pedestal Fan Wattage Comparison
Model Low Setting (Watts) High Setting (Watts)
Lasko 1850 49 85
Lasko 1820 49 78
Lasko 1646 53 89
As you can see from the table, the Lasko Pedestal fans have varying wattage depending on their model and speed settings. However, all of them are still relatively energy-efficient, with the highest setting not exceeding 100 watts.
In conclusion, if you're looking for an energy-efficient way to cool off your home, Lasko Pedestal fans are an excellent choice. With their relatively low wattage consumption, variable speed settings, and the ability to reduce the


Encyclopedia of Sport: Every sport from around the world
Cowboy Action Shooting
Cowboy Action Shooting (CAS) is a shooting sport which involves shooting at targets with a variety of guns that were typical of the late 19th century. The sport originated in the United States and is currently practiced in a few other countries as well.
In competitions, matches consist of several stages, with each stage presenting a different scenario that are typical of the old west. Shooters have to carry four guns for a mach (two revolvers, one shotgun, and one rifle). Each stage requires up to 10 revolver rounds, up to 10 rifle rounds, or up to eight shotgun rounds. Some stages will restrict the use of only one or two types of guns. Targets used are usually steel plates that get knocked down when hit.
cowboy shooting cowboy shooting
Most matches are time based, where each shooter completes the stages individually against a clock. In each stage, targets have to be shot in a specific order. For each missed target 5 seconds, and for targets shot out-of-order 10 seconds, are added to the shooters final time as a penalty. After all deductions, the competitor with the fastest time for all stages combined is declared as the winner.
The most popular competitions for CAS is the National and World Championships where over 700 competitors take part.
Similar Sports
Related Pages
Sport Extra
How to Cite


Category: Textual Studies
ESTS Conference: I <3 Amsterdam
Just returned from an exceptional few days in Amsterdam, where the ESTS Conference was held last week. The Dutch are wonderful hosts. Without exception (at the conference and throughout Amsterdam), whether assisting with conference details, technology, or more touristic ventures, the people were gracious. My* […]
why textual studies?
Why subsume transcription and textual study within a History of the English Language course? Because close textual study cultivates an understanding of the intimate link between historical language change, the human (i.e. social, political, economic, migratory…) forces responsible for it, and the speakers and writers (dead […]


text:
WHY DOES A PINE TREE PRODUCE TURPENTINE?
Q. Why would a tree living in a habitat that catches fire every few years produce turpentine, a highly flammable substance?
That question was asked as I was building a fire at home with a piece of fat lighter, wood from the stump of a long-dead pine tree. Fat lighter, also known as fatwood, catches fire immediately and burns longer and hotter than the driest wood. With a piece no bigger than a cell phone, you can start a fire without paper. Before you strike a match to fat lighter, smell it. Good fat lighter is permeated with turpentine. The turpentine neither harms nor aids the tree while it is alive, becoming of value to it only after the tree dies. Does that sound like a riddle worthy of the Sphinx? The answer to the apparent conundrum lies in the natural world's extraordinary ability to adapt and evolve.
Turpentine, a substance characteristic of pine trees and other conifers, is composed of a mixture of resins and volatile oils. The by-products have been used in a wide variety of applications including caulking for wooden ships, solvent for paint and varnish, and as an ingredient in insecticides, cleaning agents, and shoe polish. Turpentine products have even been used for medicinal purposes. A great turpentine industry was once centered in the South, where pine trees, especially longleaf and slash pine, were tapped for turpentine, the way sugar maples are tapped for sap to produce maple syrup.
The turpentine industry took advantage of a pine tree's natural response to injury. If the bark is broken, the tree begins to ooze sticky, yellowish sap that eventually dries and seals the wound with a layer of resin. The material is resistant to most wood-eating insects that might further damage the tree. The liquid can be distilled to produce turpentine.
But longleaf pines also have a characteristic that makes turpentine production seem counterintuitive. They live in what is known as a fire climax community. This means that, historically, trees and other plants that persisted in a longleaf pine community had to survive natural, periodic fires that swept through the forests, primarily as a result of summer lightning strikes. Some ecologists criticize forest management programs that prescribe controlled burns during winter because natural fires would usually have occurred in summer. Presumably, plants and animals in regions that experienced frequent fires evolved to tolerate warm weather fires.
Longleaf pine is a species well-adapted to survive fires at intervals of less than ten years. Young longleaf seedlings, in the so-called grass stage, can be burned back to the ground and then, unharmed, resprout the same season. A larger, more mature tree is also immune to a fast-burning forest fire because its thick bark is resistant to fire (and has no turpentine in it).
But why would a pine tree that, under former natural conditions, was sure to be subjected to numerous fires during its lifetime be saturated with readily flammable turpentine? An ecologically harmonious answer is that the turpentine is advantageous to the tree after it, or any part of it, dies.
Here's how. A pine tree dies, and within a few months or years, after the tree's bark has fallen off, a fire sweeps through the area. The dead tree, especially the stump of fat lighter, burns to the ground. So do any dead needles or limbs that were already on the ground. Nutrients bound inside the dead tree are returned to the soil and once again become available for other pine trees.
But animals and plants, including pine trees, are not altruistic, so why would this be of advantage to the tree? The simplest explanation is that most of the nearby trees would be descendants of the burned tree. The tree would be returning the nutrients to its own kin. In addition, adding fuel to the periodic fires would eliminate other trees that were not fire-tolerant species and that might otherwise compete with the pine trees.
you have it. Pine trees have worked out an efficient and effective mechanism
to deal with periodic fires over evolutionary time. The riddle of the
turpentine-saturated pine tree is solved.
you have an environmental question or comment, email

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
boost::xpressive::set — Used to create character sets.
There are two ways to create character sets with the'set' identifier. The easiest is to create a comma-separated list of the characters in the set, as in (set= 'a','b','c'). This set will match 'a', 'b', or 'c'. The other way is to define the set as an argument to the set subscript operator. For instance, set[ 'a' | range('b','c') | digit ] will match an 'a', 'b', 'c' or a digit character.
To complement a set, apply the '~' operator. For instance, ~(set= 'a','b','c') will match any character that is not an 'a', 'b', or 'c'.
Sets can be composed of other, possibly complemented, sets. For instance, set[ ~digit | ~(set= 'a','b','c') ].


text:
Action against cartels is a specific type of antitrust enforcement. A cartel is a group of similar, independent companies which join together to fix prices, to limit production or to share markets or customers between them.
Instead of competing with each other, cartel members rely on each others' agreed course of action, which reduces their incentives to provide new or better products and services at competitive prices. As a consequence, their clients (consumers or other businesses) end up paying more for less quality.
This is why cartels are illegal under EU competition law and why the European Commission imposes heavy fines on companies involved in a cartel.
Since cartels are illegal, they are generally highly secretive and evidence of their existence is not easy to find. The 'leniency policy' encourages companies to hand over inside evidence of cartels to the European Commission. The first company in any cartel to do so will not have to pay a fine. This results in the cartel being destabilised. In recent years, most cartels have been detected by the European Commission after one cartel member confessed and asked for leniency, though the European Commission also successfully continues to carry out its own investigations to detect cartels.
Since 2008 companies found by the Commission to have participated in a cartel can settle their case by acknowledging their involvement in the cartel and getting a smaller fine in return.


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As you know, the javascript's parseFloat function works only until it meets an invalid character, so for example
parseFloat("10.123") = 10.123
parseFloat("12=zzzz") = 12
parseFloat("z12") = NaN
Is there a way or an implementation of parseFloat that would return NaN if the whole string is not a valid float number?
share|improve this question
add comment
3 Answers
up vote 15 down vote accepted
Use this instead:
var num = Number(value);
Then you can do:
if (isNaN(num)) {
 // take proper action
share|improve this answer
This is a better idea than my answer :) – rfunduk Jul 15 '10 at 15:30
Just be careful about some specific cases, e.g.: isNaN(parseFloat("")); // true and Number("") == 0; // true – CMS Jul 15 '10 at 15:38
_USER_ - You don't need to deal with illegal characters with this solution. Try this and you'll see: var x = Number("#!"); if (isNaN(x)) alert("bad"); – dcp Jul 15 '10 at 16:01
_USER_ - I'm not sure I understand, when I run your example I get NaN for num, which is what I would expect since ")(*(*&()*H3.4" isn't a valid float. Also, you left off an else clause before your second alert call, so perhaps you should test your code ;). Anyway, no need to get hostile here. – dcp Jul 15 '10 at 17:07
_USER_: Number doesn't 'coerce' a number out of a string. It's a function to convert a string into a number, if it is a valid number. The question asked to only yield a number if the whole string is a valid number. – rfunduk Jul 15 '10 at 18:05
show 2 more comments
Maybe try:
var f = parseFloat( someStr );
if( f.toString()!= someStr ) {
 // string has other stuff besides the number
Update: Don't do this, use _USER_'s method :)
share|improve this answer
+1 for providing an answer that solves the problem and then pointing the OP to use an answer you consider better. – NG. Jul 15 '10 at 15:33
It's indeed a bad way to solve this problem since it won't work with value like "12.5000". – HoLyVieR Jul 15 '10 at 16:43
_USER_: Yea, it really depends on where your data is coming from. Most languages serializing out values wont pad with zeroes unless you explicitly say so. Since Number() solves these sorts of problems (with a few caveats of it's own) there's no need to do this. – rfunduk Jul 15 '10 at 18:01
add comment
var asFloat = parseFloat("12aa");
if (String(asFloat).length!= "12aa".length) {
 // The value is not completely a float
else {
 // The value is a float
share|improve this answer
add comment
Your Answer


text:
Wilderness Safety Education
ALL OF OUR PROGRAMS AND PRESENTATIONS ARE FREE OF CHARGE AS PART OF OUR COMMITMENT TO PUBLIC SAFETY AND EDUCATION.
Preventative Search and Rescue Presentations
Sierra Madre Search and Rescue's (SMSR's) Preventative-Search-and-Rescue (PSAR) program is dedicated to providing wilderness-safety education programs to the public. PSAR presentations, which are available on various wilderness safety topics for ages 3 years old to adults, are from one to two hours in length and provided free of charge. Please contact us at least a month in advance to make sure an instructor is available. Evenings and weekends are the best times to schedule presentations. To learn more about a specific presentation or for scheduling a presentation for your group please contact:Bruce Lamarche, Public Education Coordinator
_PHONE_ (answer machine)
- This Program teaches children what to do if they get lost in the wilderness.
Team member working with children at a safety fair.
- Mountain Survival - What to do before and during your trip, as well as what you bring with you, can have a big impact in determining whether your wilderness outing turns out to be a wonderful experience or a struggle for survival.
- Parental Instruction for Child Safety - Prevention is the key. This presentation will provide useful information for parents who plan to take their children into the wilderness.
- Topics of interest to Girl Scouts, Boy Scouts, Boy and Girls Club, other youth groups. - We can teach children 3 to 12 years old how to avoid getting lost and what to do if they should become lost. Handouts summarize the program and explain to adults what to do if the child becomes lost.
Team presentation at the Sierra Madre Public Library.
- Wilderness Safety for Parents and Adults.- Instruction for parents, camp counselors and other adults how to prepare children for outdoors activities. This includes safety tips for adults to consider when they are with children, fun activities for kids to keep them with the group and prevent them from wandering away, important facts on what to do should someone get lost, and ways to help searchers and dog handlers locate the lost person quickly.
Team Display at the Sierra Madre Public Library.
- Career Days - Teaches junior high and high school students the value of giving to their community by volunteering and explains the requirements, training, duties, and responsibilities of SAR team members.
- Safety Fairs - SMSR participates in safety fairs for children and adults.
- Wilderness Safety Programs for Adults - Instructors will talk with the contact person and create a wilderness safety presentation specially designed to meet the needs of the organization. Numerous topics are available, including Hypothermia and first aid, Winter Safety, Mountain Safety, and Wilderness Survival.
- Sierra Madre Search and Rescue - This is a presentation about SMSR, who we are, and what we do for the community. Some of the topics discussed are how to join the team, training, who is legally responsible for SAR missions, what resources are used during a mission, and who & when to call for help.
Last Updated ( Friday, 29 February 2008 )


Baltic Exchange
Dictionary Says
Definition of 'Baltic Exchange'
An exchange that handles the trading and settlement of both physical contracts and derivatives relating to shipping and maritime transportation. The Baltic Exchange provides daily prices for freight, and tracks shipping costs through several indexes. Traders use these indexes to settle forward freight agreements (FFAs), which are freight futures contracts.
Investopedia Says
Investopedia explains 'Baltic Exchange'
The Baltic Exchange was founded in 1744 in London. It publishes the Baltic Dry Index (BDI), which provides pricing information on shipping various cargo types along different routes. The index is used by economists and investors to determine the demand for shipping versus the total shipping capacity.
Articles Of Interest
 1. How To Invest In Commodities
 2. Commodities: The Portfolio Hedge
 3. Commodity Prices And Currency Movements
 4. How Companies Use Derivatives To Hedge Risk
 5. Commodities That Move The Markets
 6. Timing Trades With The Commodity Channel Index
 7. Top ETFs And What They Track: A Tutorial
 8. The Austrian School Of Economics
 9. What The Market Open Tells You
 10. A Study On The Wealth Effect And The Economy
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Hot Definitions
 1. Backdating
 2. Abnormal Spoilage
 3. "Just Say No" Defense
 4. Zaraba Method
 5. Zaraba Method
 6. Yield Elbow
Trading Center


text:
Airsoft is a primarily recreational activity where replica firearms shooting plastic rounds are used for personal collection, gaming (similar to Paintball), or professional training purposes (Military Simulations and Police training exercises).
Skills – Strength: 5, Balance: 3, Flexibility: 4, Agility: 4, Coordination: 7
Time needed: 3 hours, Cost to try: £50
A primary difference between airsoft firearms and BB guns is that airsoft uses 6mm or 8mm plastic pellets and have muzzle velocities of less than 700 feet per second (FPS), which is generally considered safe when used in a controlled environment, while BB guns utilize metal ammunition and shoot at higher velocities (up to and over 1000 FPS), making them unsuitable for gaming and training purposes.
Airsoft games vary greatly in style and composition depending on location, budget, and the quantity of participants but often range from short-term skirmishes and organized scenarios to military simulations and historical reenactments. Combat situations on the battlefield often involve the use of common military tactics to achieve the objectives set in each game. Participants typically use varying types of airsoft weaponry along with either real or replica military gear and uniforms. extract from wikipedia

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
EVERYONE CAN COLOR A MOTH!
- Print and color any moth you like from the book which you can find at this link.
- You can use a moth guide book (Click here for suggested books) to color the moth whose name is shown or make up your own name with your own colors.
If you want your colored moth to be featured on our website:
- Be sure to write your own name (first name is OK), your age, your town and country on the colored page
- Scan or take a photo of your picture
- Email your picture to us as an attachment in jpg format at info @ nationalmothweek.org


text:
The earliest known photo showing the noxious weed Asparagus fern growing on Lord Howe Island in 1923.
Recent visitor Ian Hutton, Curator from the Lord Howe Island Museum, was pleased to find this photograph showing Asparagus fern growing on the island in 1923. Anecdotally, it had previously been thought that the fern came to the island much later, brought to the island in a bridal bouquet in the 1930s. Declared a noxious weed, the fine-leafed fern is a prime target for the weed eradication programs Friends of Lord Howe Island have run regularly on the island since 1995.
The 1923 photograph was taken by Museum scientist and talented amateur photographer Anthony Musgrave in a year in which (according to the Annual Report for the year) 'On account of a shortage of funds no extended field work has been attempted this year'. Instead, Musgrave and another dedicated young scientist from the Museum, Gilbert Whitley, took a self-funded 'holiday' to Lord Howe Island to collect insects and spiders which they then presented to the Museum.


0
This is for a Windows environment.
Either in a workgroup or domain environment, why don't all computers show up in Netview or Network (via Explorer)? Assuming all computers are online and pingable, what determines whether a computer shows up in Net View result? In some networks I see all devices and some only a few. Thanks.
 - this is very broad as written. SMB hosts announce their presence and offerings, so for one reason or other, the box you are using has not received announcements from the missing devices. This might be because of interstitial routers, SMB and NTLM and NetBIOS version differences, firewalling, switch congestion, broadcast traffic handling policies, power-save policies, etc. – Frank Thomas Nov 6 '17 at 5:47
1
Not every computers can be seen. Only those that enable Network Discovery will appear in Explorer
network discovery
╔═══════════╤═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╗
║ Discovery │ Description ║
║ State │ ║
╠═══════════╪═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╣
║ On │ This state allows your computer to see other network computers ║
║ │ and devices and allows people on other network computers ║
║ │ to see your computer. This makes it easier to share files and printers. ║
╟───────────┼───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╢
║ Off │ This state prevents your computer from seeing other network computers ║
║ │ and devices and prevents people on other network computers ║
║ │ from seeing your computer. ║
╟───────────┼───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╢
║ Custom │ This is a mixed state in which some settings related to network discovery ║
║ │ are enabled, but not all of them. For example, network discovery could be ║
║ │ turned on, but you or your system administrator might have changed ║
║ │ firewall settings that affect network discovery. ║
╚═══════════╧═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╝
How to Turn On or Off Network Discovery in Windows 10
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text:
In the Gregorian calendar,the White Dew usually falls around September 7, and more often refers in particular to the day when the sun is exactly at the celestial longitude of 165°. It is the day when the temperature drops sharply, the rain never stops, and the duration of the sunshine decreases substantially. Therefore, the date reflects the transition from summer to autumn. Normally, a period of cloudy and rainy weather occurs after White Dew.
During the White Dew, there are different weather conditions in different parts of China. In the north, the hot summer has ended, dew begins to fall, wild geese begin to migrate to the south, and birds begin to stock food for the long winter. Yet, it may still be very hot in the south. The Yangtze River and Huaihe River valleys are usually very humid during this period. Customs related to the White Dew also vary greatly from one area to another. For example, people in Fuzhou Fujian Province often eat longans to build up their health on this day while residents living around Taihu Lake in Anhui Province hold a ceremony to worship Yu the Great (the legendary founder of the Xia Dynasty and the ancient hero who successfully controlled floods).


text:
Make Truck Tracks!
Using different tools to express oneself through paint is a preschooler's dream. Having him discover how different tools create different images helps his brain expand to think beyond just a paintbrush. Plus, it's pretty cool to dip regular items into paint and see what happens!
With this craft, all you need are some old toy trucks and some paint and paper. Your child will be amazed to see how things other than paintbrushes can create beautiful images. He'll have a whole new interpretation of "truck driving" after finishing this creative craft!
What You Need:
- Toy trucks (plastic is preferable since it's easier to clean when finished)
- Paint trays (at least 4)
What to Do:
- Place several toy trucks on the table in a tray.
- Place a large sheet of butcher paper or white paper in front of each child. You may want them to wear a smock or some protective clothing because they're going to get messy!
- Put one color of paint in each tray and place them on the table.
- Have the kids take a truck and roll it in the paint and then roll the truck on the paper. It seems simple, but the kids will really be amazed to see their toy truck leaving behind such colorful tracks.
- Encourage the kids to use different trucks on the same paper and talk about why the trucks with larger wheels make larger tracks, etc. They won't want to use a boring old paintbrush again!


Skip to Content
Play with light and sound
A first for Australasia, the Antarctic Walkway is not just a functional piece of infrastructure to protect people from the weather but also an art installation, which reacts to your movement, speed and direction as you move through it.
Tip: the interaction happens both day and night, but you'll get the full experience when it's dark!
Antarctic Walkway – design rationale
The Antarctic Walkway follows an axis from Christchurch Airport to the International Antarctic Centre. It takes design cues from Antarctic pack ice and the Ellsworth Mountains.
Six frame modules make up the walkway, each with a different angle and height. These modules are stacked and flipped along the length of the walkway to create the superstructure from which the glass walls and roof attach. When read together the shifting angular forms give a rhythm that references the peaks and valleys of a mountain range.
Echoes – audio and lighting system
'Echoes' is an interactive experience which senses movement throughout the walkway and transfers it into sound and light. The speed and direction of the pulses is triggered by the visitor. Like ripples in the Southern Ocean, patterns form as multiple 'echoes' cross each other.


Do Fish Shed Their Scales?
There are instances where fish do shed their scales but they do not shed them as part of normal growth. If they lost their scales as they grew they would not continue to grow.
The scales would have to be repaired or replaced for the fish to grow. Fish scales mimic the qualities of a human's skin. The scales of a fish will grow as they get older.
The number of scales has is directly proportional to what its age is. The scales are just like the rings of a tree. The scales help to determine their age
Why Does a Fish Shed its Scales?
1. Physical Damage
 - Breeding Season: As they are swimming around trying to mate with the females both species are very active. They will brush up against many objects as they are swimming erratically so this can result in physical damage, which is generally lost scales.
 - Aggressive Behavior of Other Fish: Sometimes the other fish in the aquarium can become aggressive and try to harm the other fish by constantly hitting them. Generally, the fish that was attacked is the one that will lose scales.
 - Decorations: It is okay to add caves and other decorations inside your aquarium but make sure that they do not have any sharp parts.
If you do have aggressive fish in your aquarium it is advisable that you keep them together in one aquarium to help protect the gentler, docile fish from being hurt and losing scales.
fish tail 1
2. Infection
Having an infection will also cause your fish to shed their scales and is the second common reason for a fish to shed scales. There are so many different infections that it is too long of a list to name them.
SEE NEXT: Baby Snapping Turtle Care Guide - Diet & Tank
3. Abrasions
A fish can get an abrasion by coming into contact with hard objects. It is nothing for them to brush up against something as they swim around the aquarium, especially during the breeding season. To help prevent this from happening, be sure that you do not put anything in the aquarium that has a rough surface or a sharp edge.
Scale Shedding Disease
This disease is called infectious protrusion and among aquamarine fish, this is a prevalent disease. It is caused by dangerous bacteria like Aeromonas punctuate and Pseudomonas fluorescens. It this disease is not treated, it becomes fatal.
These bacteria can be found in nature and is brought into the aquarium from natural reservoirs. When the fish that is infected in placed in an aquarium with healthy fish, the disease will spread if the infected fish is not quarantined first.
This disease can get into your aquarium via water, plants, or gravel from an infected aquarium. Another way it can spread is through transmission from equipment used in the infected aquarium.
The main symptoms of this disease is scale rising and scale shedding. In the beginning, the fish will look healthy but you may see some protruding scales. As the disease gets worse, more scales will start to stick up all over the fish's body.
This is because of the formation of the small pustules or bubbles that are full of serous fluid. They form in the places under the skin where the scales are attached to the fish's body. As a result, this leads to scales being shed or lost.
SEE NEXT: Top 5 Bottom Dweller / Bottom Feeder Fish
Because they shed scales, form pustules, and have scales protruding, these young fish will have difficulty breathing. The reason is that they use dermal respiration during that stage of their life instead of using their gill apparatus for exchanging gases. Unfortunately, these two specific symptoms do not always hint towards scale shedding disease.
Sometimes the protruding scales can be caused by bacteria called Mycobacteriosis or Ichthyosporidium. In order to be sure exactly what is causing a fish's scales to shed, you will need to examine the tissue that surrounds it and the scales.
fish scale
This disease can only be treated if it is caught in the early stages. This is when the scales start to stick up in patches. Some of the things that can be used include:
 - Antibiotics: These can include Sulfanilamide, Bicillim-5, and Biomycin
 - Basic Violet K: This can be made to treat fish in separate aquariums.
If a fish shows extensive protrusion of their scales, they are beyond being cured so they should not be kept any longer. They should be disposed of and everything, including the equipment, fishing tackle, and aquarium needs to be disinfected.
To clean and disinfect them, you should use five percent Hydrochloric acid or Sulphuric Acid. You can also use a Chloramine solution. To disinfect the gravel you need to temper or boil it. You should use Bicillin-5 solution to treat any of the plants.
Can a Fish Grow Back Their Scales?
Even if your fish loses a large number of its scales, it is possible that they can normally grow them back but it all depends on the breed of fish. The time for them to grow back will vary according to the species. Some can grow them back in a few weeks while others it may take three to four months.
SEE NEXT: Rasbora Hets & Espei Rasboras - Care Guide
It also depends on why they shed their scales in the first place. For example, if it was due to aggressive fish and you have moved the aggressive fish to another aquarium then they should grow back. The same way if it was due to something sharp in the aquarium and it was removed, their scales would grow back or repair themselves.
If the fish are healthy and it was not an infection causing them to shed scales, then they should grow them back or repair them.
 - It is a misconception that fish shed their scales as they grow. If nothing bad happens to a fish they will never shed their scales
 - If the fish have shed a lot of scales they will probably not grow them back, or at least the majority of them.
 - With scale shedding disease, if it is caught in time the fish will recover.
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text:
A discovery of ancient seeds is such a find. Archaeologists unearthed a clay pot in 2008 on the Menominee Reservation in Wisconsin, which doesn't seem like much of an earth-shattering discovery.
However, when they opened the pot, they discovered seeds — seeds that were determined to be a form of squash thought to have been extinct for 800 years.
The seeds seemed perfectly preserved in the clay pot.
Students in Winnipeg, Canada, didn't let the discovery end there. They decided to see what would happen if they planted the seeds. Surprisingly, from the seeds sprouted species of squash thought to be extinct.
The squash was named "Gete-okosomin," which means "big old squash" in Menominee.
And big it is. The largest squash grown from the batch of seeds measured 3 feet long and weighed in at 18 pounds, according to My Modern Met.
The students are working to cultivate the seeds so this plant won't become extinct again.
This is truly an amazing discovery because it sheds light on on our ancestors and how they lived.
Like us on Facebook – USA Liberty News
Does this article change the way you think about "extinct" species? Scroll down to comment below!


(usually called readme.txt) supplied with the patch. You should also read the documentation supplied with the patch (if any).
It is possible to apply just a single patch driver file non-interactively using AutoPatch. Here is an example:
Assume the following:
 defaults file is $APPL_TOP/admin/testdb1/def.txt
 Applying copy driver for patch 987654, which is located in directory $APPL_TOP/patch/987654.
 Using three parallel workers
 AutoPatch log file name is cpy987654.log
The AutoPatch command line would be:
adpatch defaultsfile=$APPL_TOP/admin/testdb1/def.txt \
logfile=cpy987654.log \
patchtop=$APPL_TOP/patch/987654 \
driver=u987654.drv \
workers=3 \
interactive=no
If we dont give any of the mode as mentioned above and apply the patch simply using adpatch command then its a normal mode of patch application.
Various Options used during adpatch.
Either these can be passed like <option_name>=<value> or adpatch will ask these value once its start executing.
Syntax
adpatch option_name= value
ex. adpatch defaultsfile=$APPL_TOP/admin/testdb1/def.txt
adpatch workers=16
1) defaultsfile
Purpose: This option is used when we are running the patch in non interactive mode. In that case we create defaults file and provide that file as an option for running patch in non-interactive mode.
Default: none. No default file read or written.
2) logfile
Purpose: This is the name of adpatch log file which it will write during patch application.
Default: none. Adpatch prompts for this value.
3) workers
Purpose: Specifies the number of workers to run. This value depends on number of CPU and other factors.
Default: none. Adpatch prompts for this value.
4) patchtop
Purpose: Top-level directory for the current patch. This is the directory after unzipping the patch. This directory will a patch number.
Default: none. Adpatch prompts for this value.
5) driver
Purpose: Name of the patch driver file. This comes with the patch and is present in patch directory.
Default - none. Adpatch prompts for this value.
6) restart
Purpose: To restart an existing session. Only valid when interactive=no is also specified
Default: No
7) localworkers
Purpose: Used in Distributed AD to specify the number of workers to be run on the current machine. If you have multi node instance (example RAC and shared APPL_TOP), then you can utilize this paramter to run the patch parallely in multiple nodes. You can start few workers on node 1, few on node 2 and so on. The way this can be done is that, you can start adpatch on one node with localworker=<some value less then total workers>. Then run adctrl on other node in distributed mode and start some mode workers. This will speed up the process and utilized the resources effectively.
Default: Value specified for workers.
8) printdebug
Purpose: To display extra debugging information.
Default: No.
Some other parameters which can be helpful for application of speeding up the patch application.
Syntax:
adpatch options=<value>

1) checkfile
Purpose: To skip running exec, SQL, and exectier commands if they are recorded as already run. Indicates that Autopatch should run the command *only* if a certain file is newer than the version of it that was last run. The idea behind it is to reduce the duration of an Autopatch session by skipping actions that don't really need to be performed. When used in the right manner, it can dramatically improve Autopatch performance, especially for big patches and/or long running actions.
Default: checkfile (use 'nocheckfile' to skip)
2) compiledb
Purpose: To compile invalid objects in the database after running actions in the database driver.
Default: compiledb (use 'nocompiledb' to skip)
3) compilejsp
Purpose: To compile out-of-date JSP files, if the patch has copy actions for at least one JSP file.
Default: compilejsp (use'nocompilejsp' to skip)
4) copyportion
Purpose: To run commands found in a copy driver. This will copy the higher version files from patch to product top.
Default: copyportion (Use 'nocopyportion' to skip. Use it only when mentioned in readme of patch)
5) databaseportion
Purpose: To run commands found in a database driver. This portion includes applying the files (like sql, pls etc) to database.
Default: databaseportion (use 'nodatabaseportion' to skip. Use it only when mentioned in readme of patch)
6) generateportion
Purpose: To run commands found in a generate driver. This portion will generate new executable files from the copied code of patch. For example if will generate new forms files (fmx) from new .fmb files.
Default: generateportion (use 'nogenerateporation' to skip)
7) integrity
Purpose: To perform patch integrity checking. Tells adpatch whether to perform patch integrity checking, which verifies that the version of each file referenced in a copy action matches the version present in the patch.
Default: nointegrity (By default the integrity is not checked)
8) maintainmrc
Purpose: To maintain the MRC schema after running actions found in the database driver.
Default: maintainmrc (use 'nomaintainmrc' to skip)
9) autoconfig
Purpose: Tells adpatch to run Autoconfig after patch installation.
Default: autoconfig (use 'noautoconfig' to skip)
10) parallel
Purpose: To run actions that update the database or actions (like SQL) that generate files in parallel (like genform).
Default: parallel (use 'noparallel' to skip)
11) prereq
Purpose: Tells adpatch whether to perform prerequisite patch checking prior to running patch driver files that contain actions normally found in the copy driver.
Default: prereq (use 'noprereq' to skip)
12) validate
Purpose: To connect to all registered Oracle Applications schemas at the start of the patch. Adpatch validates the passwords for each schema.
Default: novalidate (use 'validate' to validate schema passwords)
Below Flags can be passed to adpatch
1) hidepw
Purpose: This argument is used to hide the passwords in log files
Default: nohidepw
adpatch flags=nohidepw
2) trace
Purpose: Tells the adpatch utility whether to log all database operations to a trace file
Default: notrace
adpatch flags=notrace
3) logging
Purpose: Tells the adpatch utility whether to create indexes using the logging or nologging mode.
Default: logging
adpatch flags=logging
Log File Location
Patch log file location:
$APPL_TOP/admin/PROD/log
Worker Log file location:
$APPL_TOP/admin/PROD/log

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18 May 2021 - Aerodynamic Behaviour and Structural Safety of Tower Cranes
Aerodynamic Behaviour and Structural Safety of Tower Cranes
Online Event 18th May, 4pm
The Lothar and Martin winter storms of 1999 were a wake-up call for the French construction industry : two particularly violent winter storms swept the country in the space of several days causing multiple tower cranes to collapse.
This led to a long-term research project at the CSTB and a new methodology for the study of dynamic stability of tower cranes including desk study and wind tunnel analysis methods to identify and mitigate the risk of crane autorotation due to surrounding buildings and to quantify dynamic loads on the crane and its foundations. This method is underpinned by the national site-safety certification and insurance system.
This talk will cover the main technical considerations, the different techniques used as well as the legal framework in which it operates.
Graham Knapp
Graham Knapp is a senior wind engineer at the CSTB in France with two decades of experience of studies into structural loading and dynamics for tall buildings, bridges and other major structures around the world. He is based in the climatology, aerodynamics, pollution and purification team at the CSTB Nantes and works in the atmospheric boundary layer wind tunnels and Jules Verne climatic wind tunnels.
He is a chartered member of the Institution of Civil Engineers and formerly worked at Buro Happold in the UK.


text:
Graphing the solution set of all Mars Venus conjunctions in the Davison Chart
Now here's a dandy celestial mechanics problem for you. Given the elliptical orbit position of Mars and Venus in one individual's natal chart, graph the solution set of all possible Mars-Venus positions that will result in Mars-Venus conjunction in the Davison chart.
Sound like absolute gibberish to you? It won't if you are somewhat familiar with astronomy of astrology. You know that the bodies of our solar system orbit the sun according to an eliptical pattern, ergo it is possible to determin their location at any given time. Conversely, it possible to determine the calandar date and time when they will reach precisely these positions. This is just about perfectly predictable, celestial mechanics being what they are.
The Davison Harmonic means chart simply takes the position of two natal chart bodies (his Mars and her Mars) and averages them together. If his Mars is at 180 degrees (00 Libra) and her Mars is 00 degress (00 Aries) together they wind up at 90 degrees (00 Cancer). That's it folks. There is no more magic to it than that. You just add th two positions and divide by two. It's so easy a caveman could do it.
You do the same thing with Venus. You do the same thing with the Sun. You do the same withing Mercury. You do the same thing with Jupiter, etc. This is how Davison chart is made. It's nothing more than the average position of two charts.
Now what about this Mars-Venus conjunction thing? As we have recently learned, according to the principle of synastry, a Mars-Venus conjunction in Davison chart is considered the strongest possible sign of sexual attraction. It doesn't necessarily mean the two of you will ultimately marry or be happy together, but it does signify ultra-massive sexual attraction. More points are awarded for this aspect than any other possible aspect.
Given a fixed location of Venus and Mars, it should be possible to graph a solution set of all possible variable Mars-Venus combinations that will produce a conjunction between Mars and Venus in the Davison chart. Given the various positions in the solution set, it should be possible to calculate a real calandar date when each of these positions actually occured.
Given a graphed solution set, we should be able to compute a set of dates. Given a set of dates, we can apply a date rang to eliminate impossible or undesirable prospects. I doubt you would want to date some one 50 years older or younger than yourself. I doubt you could date someone born in 1809. All crazy dates would need to be filtered out by simply selecting those within an acceptable date range. It's just one SQL statement folks
Select * from VenusConjMars where Birthdate between '' and ''
There you would have it.
Now the real trick is to graph the solution set of all positions that produce a conjunction, and then use celestial mechanics to compute the date. This is where the math turns brutal. I am sure there is one guy in NASA reading this blog right now who is chuckling and laughing "Oh that's so easy a caveman could do it." Yeah, like anything else, it's easy when you know how. I didn't do so well in the complex mathematical modeling class.
Further, a conjunction between Mars and Venus in the Davison chart tells us nothing about the Sun signs. It also tells us relatively little about the Mars and Venus relate to each other between two Natal charts. I can easily imagine a bunch of scenarios where you might line up Cancers and Sagitarrians who have poorly aspected Mars and Venus signs, just because a Davison conjunction occured. The point is simple: A bunch of other comparisons will also be necessary to ferret out a really great candidate.
Want an example? If you read my last blog entry, carefully, you noted that the highest possible score for me is an Aries female born on 4/13/1979. She has a score 532. By no means is Aries considered a good match with Virgo. Now this particular Aries may well be, but wouldn't you prefer to look for a more ideal candidate? Maybe you would and maybe you wouldn't. The question goes to temperment.


text:
Geostatistical modelling has proven to be a good tool for decision making in soil nutrient management because it has the ability to map spatial heterogeneity and uncertainty. This study outlines a comparative approach to quantify the uncertainties and correlations in spatial process models as illustrated for the distribution of Zn in top soils of a semi-arid environment. The spatial correlation of Zn uncertainties is investigated by calculating the semi-variance of normalized Zn concentration residuals, for a sufficiently large dataset, as a function of distance between pairs of locations within the Zn field. Three semi-variogram models, namely: Exponential, Gaussian, and Spherical models were tested on the spatial correlation structure of the normalized residuals and further used as default input model for Sequential Gaussian Simulation. The Sequential Gaussian Simulation led to an improved description of spatial heterogeneity and uncertainty. The choice of semivariogram model is therefore critical for robust Sequential Gaussian Simulation and uncertainty analysis. A new criterion is proposed to inform the choice of default input model for sequential Gaussian simulation given by ratio of partial sill to square of major range. With this criterion, Exponential model performed better than both Gaussian and Spherical models. The results indicate spatial correlation in Zn field and it is suggested that the spatial correlation of Zn uncertainties should be considered to exclude inaccurate estimation for spatially distributed systems when performing nutrient distribution studies.
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes


Back to all tutorials
Wind around Buildings - CFD Simulation SimFlow Tutorial
1. Introduction
In this tutorial we will present the simulation of wind flow around the buildings. Aerodynamic of the building is a growing challenge in today's construction industry. Here we will present one of the possible way of analysing the wind flow through the urbanized areas.
An important aspect of this problem is the proper modeling of the boundary conditions. We will use specially dedicated boundary condition for the inlet - Atmospheric Inlet. It defines the flow profiles of mean wind speed and turbulence quantities that are applied in the inlet plane. These profiles model fully developed and representative of the terrain characteristics of the upstream part that is not include in the computational domain.
Finally, we will read the wind velocity which may affect pedestrians between the building. We will display the pressures on buildings that may affect their construction.
2. Download SimFlow
SimFlow is a general purpose CFD Software
To follow this tutorial, you will need SimFlow free version, you may download it via the following link:
Download SimFlow
3. Create Case
Open SimFlow and create a new case named buildings
 1. Go to New panel
 2. Provide name buildings
 3. Click Create Case
simflow-launcher
4. Import Geometry
Firstly, we need to Download GeometryBuildings
The geometry will be imported in the same units as it was exported to the STEP format.
 1. Click Import Geometry
 2. Select geometry file buildings.step
 3. Click Open
Geometry Import
5. Import Geometry II
In some cases, the imported external geometry may contain multiple parts. SimFlow will ask you whether you want to join all geometries into a single component. If not, each part will be put into separate items.
For the purposes of this tutorial, we will combine all parts into a single geometry.
 1. Press Yes button
b 03 import notice
6. Geometry - Buildings
After importing geometry, it will appear in the 3D window.
 1. Click Fit View to zoom in on the geometry
b 04 geometry buildings
7. Create Geometry - Refinement
To be able to better resolve flow around the buildings, we will create an area with a higher mesh resolution. To do this, we will add box geometry.
 1. Select Create Box
 2. Change geometry name from box_1 to refinement
 3. Set the origin and box dimensions
 Origin \({\sf [m]}\)-20-800
 Dimensions \({\sf [m]}\)25016085
b 05 refinement
8. Meshing Properties - Buildings
After geometry is ready, we can proceed to define meshing properties. To better resolve the flow around the buildings, we want to refine mesh near the buildings geometries by specifying minimum and maximum refinement levels.
 1. Go to Hex Meshing panel
 2. Select buildings geometry
 3. Enable Meshing Geometry
 4. Set the minimum and maximum refinement level
 Refinement Min 2 Max 4
b 06 hex meshing
9. Meshing Parameters - Refinement
The refinement geometry should be used only for marking refinement zones. Set the proper parameters for the refinement regions.
 1. Click on the refinement geometry
 2. Enable Refine Geometry
 3. Set the refinement Level to 1
b 07 refinement
10. Base Mesh
Base Mesh is a domain mesh of our simulation from which the final mesh will be created by carving out the geometry of the buildings.
 1. Go to Base tab
 2. Define base mesh parameters accordingly
 Min \({\sf [m]}\)-_PHONE_
 Max \({\sf [m]}\)500300400
 3. Set the division of the base mesh and its grading
 Division322418
 Grading113
b 08 base mesh
11. Base Mesh Boundaries
We need to assign individual names to each side of the base mesh in order to be later able to define different conditions on each side. To achieve simplified slip condition on side and top boundaries we will use symmetry as a boundary type.
 1. Define boundary names accordingly
 X- inlet
 X+ outlet
 Y- right
 Y+ left
 Z- bottom
 Z+ top
 2. Define boundary types accordingly
 Y- Symmetry
 Y+ Symmetry
 Z- Wall
 Z+ Symmetry
b 09 base mesh boundaries
12. Material Point
Material Point tells the meshing algorithm on which side of the geometry the mesh is to be retained. We are simulating flow around the buildings so our material point needs to be located inside the base mesh but outside the buildings.
 1. Go to Point tab
 2. Specify location inside base mesh but outside buildings geometries
 Material Point00160
b 10 material pointpng
13. Start Meshing
Everything is now set up for meshing.
 1. Go to Mesh tab
 2. Press the Mesh button to start meshing process
b 11 meshing
14. Mesh
The new mesh will be displayed in the graphics window. To show the mesh of the buildings we can use the Graphics Object List to hide some boundaries.
 1. Click Graphics Object List icon
 2. Select Mesh to show meshes list
b 17 mesh
15. Mesh - Toggle Visibility
You can hide domain boundaries to inspect the mesh on the buildings.
 1. Hide the following objects
 inlet
 left
 outlet
 right
 top
b 18 mesh hide
16. Select Solver - SIMPLE
We want to analyze incompressible turbulent flow around the buildings. For this purpose, we will use the SIMPLE (simpleFoam) solver.
 1. Go to Setup panel
 2. Enable Steady State filter
 3. Enable Incompressible filter
 4. Select SIMPLE (simpleFoam) solver
 5. Select solver
b 19 select solver
17. Turbulence
We are going to use the \(RNG \; k{-}\epsilon\) model to handle turbulence.
 1. Go to Turbulence panel
 2. Select turbulence model
 Turbulence Modelling RANS
 3. Change default turbulence model
 Model \(RNG \; k{-}\epsilon\)
b 20 turbulence
18. Boundary Conditions - Inlet
On the inlet boundary, we are going to apply Atmospheric Inlet boundary condition. It is dedicated condition for atmospheric airflow. The Atmospheric Inlet provides log-law type ground-normal inlet boundary conditions for wind velocity and turbulence quantities. It is applied for homogeneous, two-dimensional, dry-air equilibrium and neutral atmospheric boundary layer modelling. More about Atmospheric Inlet boundary condition you can find here.
 1. Go to Boundary Conditions panel
 2. Select inlet boundary
 3. Change boundary character to Atmospheric Inlet
 4. Set the velocity
 \(U_{ref}\) \({\sf [m/s]}\)5
b 21 bc inlet
19. Monitors - Sampling (I)
During the calculation, we can observe intermediate results on a section plane. To add sampling data on a plane we need to define plane properties and also select fields that will be sampled. We will monitor the pressure and velocity at a height of 2 metres from the ground. Note that runtime post-processing can only be defined before starting calculations and can not be changed later on.
 1. Go to Monitors panel
 2. Switch to Sampling tab
 3. Select Create Slice
 4. Set slice plane location
 Point \({\sf [m]}\)002
b 23 monitors slice
20. Monitors - Sampling (II)
Now, create a vertical slice.
 1. Select Create Slice
 2. Set slice normal vector
 Normal \({\sf [-]}\)010
b 24 monitors slice2
21. Monitors - Sampling (II)
Now, specify which results should be sampled on the section planes.
 1. Expand Fields list
 2. Select pressure p and velocity U
b 25 monitors fields
22. Run - Time Control
Finally, we can start our computation.
 1. Go to RUN panel
 2. Set the maximum Number of Iteration to 500
b 26 run
23. Run - CPU
To speed up the calculation process increase the number of CPUs basing on your PC capability. The free version allows you to use only 2 processors in parallel mode. To get the full version, you can use the contact form to Request 30-day Trial
Estimated computation time for 2 processors: 4 minutes
 1. Switch to CPU tab
 2. Use parallel mode
 3. Increase the Number of processors
 4. Click Run Simulation button
b 27 run cpu
24. Residuals
When the calculation is finished we should see a similar residual plot.
b 28 residuals
25. Slice - Velocity Field
Slices tab appears next to the Residuals tab. Under this tab, we can preview results on the defined section plane.
 1. Change tab to Slices
 2. Select the velocity U
 3. Click Adjust range to data
 4. Click Graphics Object List icon
 5. Select GEOMETRIES and show the buildings
b 29 slice
26. Postprocessing - ParaView
After computations are finished, we can do complex visualization of our results with ParaView.
 1. Go to Postprocessing panel
 2. Start ParaView
b 30 postprocessing paraview
27. ParaView - Load Results
Load the results into the program.
 1. Make sure you have your case selected buildings.foam
 2. Click Apply to load results
 3. Select contour coloring variable to U
 4. Click Last Frame to load the final result set
 5. After loading results they will be shown in the 3D graphic window
b 31 pv import
28. ParaView - Clip
To limit the investigation area we will Clip the domain by the box.
 1. Select Clip option
 2. Change the Clip Type to Box
 3. Enter box parameters accordingly
 Position8000
 Rotation000
 Scale0.50.30.1
 4. Click Apply
b 32 pv clip
29. ParaView - Velocity Field
Now we will create velocity magnitude parameter. It will be helpful in scaling and coloring the velocity vector field.
 1. Make sure you have Clip1 field selected
 2. Select Calculator


text:
NYU's summer school began in 1895, when seven members of the faculty, with the approval of the Chancellor, offered courses in mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology, experimental psychology, and the theory and practice of teaching. The faculty members received no additional salary, only the tuition fees collected from students. The University Council officially took control in 1899 and the popularity of the program quickly grew to over 500 students, both men and women, by 1907. The program mostly attracted teachers who were interested in pedagogical courses.
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Definition:Field of Integers Modulo Prime
From ProofWiki
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Definition
Let $p \in \Bbb P$ be a prime number.
Let $\Z_p$ be the set of integers modulo $p$.
Let $+_p$ and $\times_p$ denote addition modulo $p$ and multiplication modulo $p$ respectively.
The algebraic structure $\struct {\Z_p, +_p, \times_p}$ is the field of integers modulo $p$.
Also denoted as
When the operations are understood to be $+_p$ and $\times_p$, it is usual to use just $\Z_p$ to denote the field of integers modulo $p$.
The notation $\Z / p$ and $\Z / p \Z$ are also seen, deriving from Quotient Ring of Integers by Integer Multiples.
Some sources use the notation $\map {\operatorname {GF} } p$, in light of the fact that $\struct {\Z_p, +_p, \times_p}$ is a Galois field.
Also see
$\struct {\Z_p, +_p, \times_p}$ is a field with unity $\eqclass 1 p$
the zero of $\struct {\Z_p, +_p, \times_p}$ is $\eqclass 0 p$.
Sources


35. Sayyida Salme of Zanzibar and Oman (1844–1924): she became known as Emily Ruete[12]
Said bin Sultan honors that included:[13]
Further reading[edit]
 - Memoirs of an Arabian Princess from Zanzibar, Emily Ruete, 1888. (Many reprints). Author (1844–1924) was born Princess Salme of Zanzibar and Oman and was a daughter of Sayyid Said. In the fifteenth chapter of her book, she describes her sisters and two of her brothers (Hilal and Thuweini).
External links[edit]


Delorazepam (Dadumir) Fact Sheet & Harm Reduction Guide
By Enrique Santos Last Updated: January 18, 2024
Last Updated: January 18, 2024
Print
An analog to nordiazepam, delorazepam — also known as EN and Dadumir — is a traditional 1,4-benzodiazepine compound sold in Italy for treating anxiety and insomnia. It's actually one of the few benzodiazepines that occur in nature.
That's right; delorazepam can be extracted from three separate plant species: Solanum tuberosum (a type of potato), Triticum aestivum (common wheat), and Artemisia dracunculus (tarragon).
In terms of its individual properties, delorazepam is quite potent, being roughly ten times as strong as diazepam, and is known to be a long-lasting compound, a characteristic feature of the 1,4-benzodiazepine subclass.
Delorazepam Specs
StatusApproved 💊 (in Italy)
Common Dosage0.5-2 mg
PubChem ID17925
CAS#2894-67-9
IUPAC Name: 7-chloro-5-(2-chlorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one
Other Names: EN, Dadumir
Metabolism: Delorazepam is metabolized at a relatively slow pace by the liver. The major metabolite (15-34% of the parent drug) is lorazepam. Older patients metabolize delorazepam slower than younger patients.
Duration of Effects: Delorazepam has a long elimination half-life, roughly around 60-140 hours. This value can be vastly extended in those with liver disease.
Benzodiazepine Dosage Equivalency Calculator
I have
mg of
Substance
I want to know the dose for
Substance
**Caution:** Benzodiazepines have a narrow therapeutic window. Dose equivalents may not be accurate in higher doses.
This calculator does not substitute for clinical experience and is meant to serve only as a reference for determining oral benzodiazepine equivalence.
Please consult a medical practitioner before taking benzodiazepines.
How Does Delorazepam Work?
As is the norm for 1,4- benzodiazepines, delorazepam exerts its effects through the classical GABA-mediated pathway. This means that benzodiazepine receptors bind to specific GABA-A subunits and produce what is known as an "allosteric effect," which then, in turn, enhances the natural inhibitory function of GABA receptors to produce a generalized depressive effect on the brain and central nervous system (CNS).
This depressive effect is the proximate cause for the pharmacological profile of benzodiazepines, and it's what gives delorazepam its anxiolytic, muscle relaxant, hypnotic and anticonvulsant properties.
Given the fact that most benzodiazepines have this standard mechanism of action, what sets them apart from each other, pharmacologically speaking, mostly comes down to individual characteristics in regards to things like their specific affinity for the different GABA-A subunits, pharmacokinetic qualities such as bioavailability and elimination half-life, and the presence of secondary mechanisms of action [1].
In this sense, it's quite important to try and understand how these characteristics factor into the pharmacological profile of a given benzodiazepine.
For instance, we know that delorazepam's long elimination half-life is an important reason for its clinical success as an anxiolytic [2]. Additionally, delorazepam demonstrates a fast absorption rate, reaching peak plasma levels within 1-2 hours.
Another critical factor is the fact that delorazepam produces pharmacologically active metabolites, with its most significant byproduct being the popular benzodiazepine lorazepam, which represents about 15-24 percent of the parent drug (delorazepam) [3]. Also, delorazepam is itself a metabolic byproduct of diclazepam and cloxazolam.
Is Delorazepam Safe? Risks & Side Effects
The FDA has not approved delorazepam, but it does have a Schedule IV designation under the Controlled Substances Act. This implies that United States authorities do consider the compound to have legitimate medical uses but also recognize that it carries with it the potential for misuse and physical dependence. The vast majority of benzodiazepines also share in this classification.
When used correctly, benzodiazepines are reasonably safe, but the possibility of misuse always has to be factored into the equation. If a benzodiazepine is misused, the risk level rises considerably. For example, the vast increase in benzodiazepine and opioid-related deaths in the United States result from misuse due to an explosion in polydrug abuse. As such, users should always stick carefully to the instructions given out with their prescriptions.
In the case of delorazepam, we know that benzodiazepines that exhibit a long elimination half-life have less of a possibility of causing physical dependence and/or misuse. This is because compounds with short elimination half-lives can sometimes induce inter-dose withdrawal symptoms and, in general, have an increased potential for inducing habits that lead to misuse [4].
However, we know that due to its slow metabolism, delorazepam tends to accumulate inside the body, which raises the risk of adverse effects. This accumulative effect is much more pronounced in elderly patients, and side effects also tend to be more pronounced in the higher age groups [3].
Side Effects of Delorazepam
According to Italian authorities, delorazepam's side effects, if they occur, are usually seen at the start of treatment and generally decrease in intensity or disappear as therapy progresses or the dosage is reduced.
The side effects listed for delorazepam may include the following:
 - Ataxia
 - Confusion
 - Decreased alertness
 - Drowsiness
 - Dulling of emotions
 - Sedation
 - Tachycardia
Rarer side effects of delorazepam may include:
 - Agranulocytosis
 - Alopecia
 - Blood alkaline phosphatase increases
 - Blood bilirubin increases
 - Blurred vision
 - Diplopia
 - Disinhibition
 - Euphoric mood,
 - Extrapyramidal disorders (including tremors, dizziness, headache, dysarthria/speech difficulties, amnesia, and coma)
 - Hypotension
 - Incontinence
 - Jaundice
 - Pancytopenia
 - Rashes
 - SIADH (syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion)
 - Suicidal ideation / suicide attempts
 - Thrombocytopenia
 - Transaminases increases
Benzodiazepine Withdrawal & Dependence
Benzodiazepines withdrawals are not an uncommon occurrence among those who use benzodiazepines. The Schedule IV designation of most benzodiazepines leads many to believe that if they avoid misuse, they will not likely become physically dependent. Unfortunately, this is a common misconception.
The potential for benzodiazepines to cause physical dependence is extremely prominent, even if there is no misuse on the part of the patient. In fact, the standard medical practice when prescribing benzodiazepines is to try and limit them for the shortest time frame possible without significantly affecting the treatment's probability of success.
Studies have attempted to look at this problem to contextualize the potential for benzodiazepines to cause a physical. One study examined the likelihood of developing dependence in patients who took benzodiazepines for longer than four weeks and found that one-third of participants developed dependence and consequent withdrawal symptoms after completing treatment [5].
Developing a benzodiazepine dependence implies that, to get off them safely, users must go through a long and drawn-out procedure known as drug tapering. Basically, drug tapering implies that over four to 16 weeks, depending on the severity of the dependence, users slowly reduce the amount of benzodiazepines consumed until they can finally cease taking them.
Benzodiazepine withdrawals are a very serious matter, and users should seriously weigh the risks of exposing themselves to dependence before they begin a benzodiazepine treatment. Along with alcohol, only benzodiazepine withdrawals have the potential to turn deadly if left untreated. However, this is a rare occurrence.
Harm Reduction: Delorazepam
One of the goals of this article is for benzodiazepines users —and that includes recreational users —to have more conceptual tools that allow them to make safer choices when using benzodiazepines. With this goal in mind, the following section will go over some general rules that, although common sense, are the most effective at reducing risk and harm.
Firstly, potential benzodiazepine users should always ask themselves if a benzodiazepine treatment is even necessary in the first place. For those looking for anxiolytic relief, for example, there are a vast number of behavior-


text:
Analyse and evaluate diverse sources (examples: primary sources, secondary sources, maps, images, archaeological evidence) in order to locate and interpret the ruins of the pre-Deportation Acadian community at Grand-Pré.
Develop a hypothesis about the location of the Grand-Pré parish church, Sainte-Charlesdes-Mines.à
Read the backgrounder that gives the pre-Deportation historical context of the community of Grand-Pré by clicking on The Story icon.
Click on the Virtual Excavation icon and then:
Click on The Site to read about Grand-Pré National Historic Site of Canada.
Click on the Research Question and read it.
Click on the Historical Evidence. Read and evaluate the primary and secondary sources by answering the questions that your teacher has provided. (The questions are also located at the bottom of the Historical Evidence page. You can print them out.)
Click on the Archaeological Evidence and read the What is archaeology? backgrounder.
Conduct archaeological excavations within Grand-Pré National Historic Site by clicking on the Archaeological Site Map. There are nine possible excavation sites on this map.
Examine the archaeological drawings and artifacts at each site and record your discoveries in your field notebook provided by your teacher. (This is also located at the bottom of the Archaeological Evidence page. You can print it out.)
Formulate a hypothesis and present it to your classmates as to the identities of the archaeological sites you have examined and the possible location of the Church of Saint-Charles-des-Mines Church.
See also: The Story ; Virtual Excavation ; Site Report


Gaps in the fossil record
From Iron Chariots Wiki
Revision as of 14:10, 11 September 2007 by Blue Lithium (Talk | contribs)
Jump to: navigation, search
The argument that there are gaps in the fossil record is used extremely commonly by apologists and is basically the same as saying that there are no transitional fossils. There are several large problems with this argument, however:
 1. When the The Origin of Species was first published the fossil record was very sparse and, thus, the amount of gaps it contained was very damning. However, as the years passed scientists found more and more fossils, thus decreasing the amount of gaps. Nowadays gaps do still exist, but in some places the gaps are very small and in some they're very large. It's not logical to state that the gaps that exist nowadays will never be filled.
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text: The dominant neutral constituent in Earth's upper exosphere, atomic hydrogen (H), resonantly scatters solar Lyman-alpha (121.567 nm) radiation, observed as the geocorona. We report here observations of an exospheric response to geomagnetic storms obtained using measurements of the geocorona by Lyman-alpha detectors on the Two Wide-angle Imaging Neutral-atom Spectrometers mission. We introduce a new parameter, NH, the number of H atoms in the spherical shell from a geocentric distance of 3 to 8 Earth radii, to quantitatively characterize in a simplified way global exospheric conditions. Five geomagnetic storms observed during three months in the second half of 2011 are accompanied by abrupt temporary increases, spikes, of NH from 6% to 17%, lasting not longer than a day. These increases seem to show some correlation with the minimum Dst index reached during the peak of each storm.


text:
Such simple errands as buying new shoes were not easy—or equal—for African Americans in the years of segregation. When Ella Mae learns first hand that she is not allowed to try on shoes at her local shoe store because of the color of her skin, she and her cousin, Charlotte, channel their disappointment and anger into positive action. They figure out a way to ensure that others in their neighborhood can "try on all the shoes they want" and be treated with the respect they deserve. Author Susan Lynn Meyer's beautifully written story sheds light on this disturbing occurrence of inequality and shows the grace and dignity of two young girls determined to make a difference for others in their community.
The story is beautifully illustrated by Eric Velasquez, whose rich artwork flawlessly coveys the strength and depth of Meyer's story. Put together, the text and illustrations reveal the sadness of the inequalities of the past and the brilliance of Ella Mae's determination to rise above prejudice and affirm the humanity of her race.
NEW SHOES is picture book for children ages 6-9. This historical fiction story is a treasure and shares a vital message of the importance of equality and pride in the face of adversity. A must-have book for every classroom and household!
Meyer's message in NEW SHOES is powerful yet gently delivered. This historical fiction picture book bravely approaches the inequitable treatment of African Americans from a new angle, showing how important historical lessons can be integrated seamlessly into the picture book format.
~Annie Cronin Romano
Our favorite mentor texts to guide your writing and revisions.


ZendOAuth2Client maybe?
Recently I've been working a lot on trying to get OAuth2 support into beta 4 of Zend Framework 2, and there were a few challenges. Allowing the client to consume the variety of providers out there proved to be the first. There have been several drafts of the OAuth2 specification, and providers have implemented a variety of the drafts. As each of the drafts have subtle differences, the client needs to be able to have a default configuration that can be over-ridden on a per-provider basis.
OAuth 2 is a 2-step process that I like to think of in 4-steps, that allows an application to retrieve an access token that can be used to request further information on the logged in user from the API:
 - Client sends request to the OAuth2 server containing the unique application identifier and the scope of access the application requires.
 - The server responds with an encrypted response containing a time-sensitive code that can be exchanged for an access token.
 - Client decrypts the code, and send it back to the server.
 - Server responds with an access_code and it's expiry time.
The solution we came up with was to have an options class for each stage of the authentication process that contains the name of each parameter, plus a default value. Individual vendor configs can overwrite both the key name, and it's value, or for more specific providers it can be set at run-time (or new a vendor config file can be created). The idea is to support out-of-the-box as many common vendors as possible, so that Mr End User can simply do:
$OAuth2 = new Client(new ClientOptionsVendorGoogle());
$token = $OAuth2->getAccessToken();
Overwriting certain parameters for a specific implementation is also very easy. A good example is Facebook. The specification dictates that the stage 2 response returns an access code, and the number of seconds before that code will expire. The spec also says this parameter should be named "expires_in", however when Facebook coded their implementation, the field was named "expires". Using the simple overloading method, we can easily make this change in the vendor specific config:
$this->vendorOptions = new VendorOptions(array(
 'authEntryUri' => '_URL_
 'tokenEntryUri' => '_URL_
 'responseFormat' => 'urlencode',
 'headers' => array(),
));
$this->stage2Response->expiresIn->accessKey = 'expires';
We set up some vendor specific uris, and then tell the config that the stage 2 response "expires_in" key is actually named "expires".
I'm pretty excited about how this has turned out, now all we need to do is to come to some kind of concencious on where in the framework this code will live. For more discussion, join the action in #zftalk.2 on Freenode.
One thought on "ZendOAuth2Client maybe?
 1. I stumbled upon this while looking into Oauth 2 integration with ZF2 myself, and it looks like as of ZF2 2.0.0beta4 there's a ZendOAuthClient implementation, does this mean what you were working on was implemented? If so congratulations!
 -Aleross
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numbers
Numbers and Figures
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sine of 10005 tenthousandandfive
The sine of 10005 is:
0.82635365041334
What is the sine of a number?
Sine is a member of the trigonometric functions of mathematics and is used among other in geometry as a number.
Literally, sinus freely translated means "bow" and comes from Latin. The bow symbolizes the function graph of a sine function.
The sine is used as a number, for example, in the triangle calculation of mathematics.