text:
A portable Autonomous Surface Vessel (ASV) developed for brown water
RiverScout is a man portable Autonomous Surface Vessel (ASV) that CCD has developed with a mix of internal and external funding to serve as a low cost ASV experimentation platform. The purpose of the ASV is for surveillance and reconnaissance in promotion of situational awareness with focus on command and control through a tactical robotic controller (TRC). Riverscout uses advances in sensing, analyzing, communication, and navigation to perform tasks assigned by an operator. This program implements the US Navy's first ASV for a "brown water" environment, support to combat operation, or patrol waterways with virtual capabilities. This cost-effective ASV will reduce risk of missions by increasing the number of assets while minimizing the demands on the human operators.
- GUI developed for camera integration, post mission analysis, and virtual testing
- Host software interfaces through IP radio to cameras using JAUS
- Integrations of Falcon View with dynamic waypoint tracking


[GAT]: Differencing between bound and unbound recipes
25 06 2008
Do you have the new version of the Guidance Automation Toolkit and the Guidance Automation Extensions installed? Well, then it's time we take off on a trip into the "zone" just like Thomas likes to say… In this case, we're leaving to the "guidance-zone"!
So what are the possibilities? What kind of guidance package do we want to develop? What audience will it target? What procedures will it automate? That's a whole set of questions we have to answer before starting the development phase. But we have to do something else too… Before you can start off experimenting fully with the Guidance Automation Toolkit, there are some basic concepts that one should understand well so we can take full advantage of the capabilities of the toolkit.
One of the first concepts, a true GAPD (Guidance Automation Package Developer) should master, is the diference between bound and unbound recipes. When do we use bound recipes, or when do we choose to implement unbound recipes? …
Some basic things to know…
The goal of a recipe, is automating a serie of actions, that are normally manually performed by a developer in each project. Using a recipe will ensure that these series of actions will be performed correctly and consistently. A recipe, can trigger a number of actions which have to be defined within the recipe. You can use an existing action (meaning one provided by the Recipe Framework) within the XML-file, or you can develop your own custom actions. The only key to defining your own actions, is making them inherit the Microsoft.Practices.RecipeFramework.Action-class.
More information and an example of developing actions, will follow later…
In most of the cases, a recipe needs a set of arguments to execute its actions. These arguments can be either required or optional. We can gather these arguments in two different ways: we let the user define the argument's value using a wizard or we can use value providers, which are implementations of interfaces that can be used by the framework to gather arguments. The strength of value providers lies in the ability to intercept changes in other arguments, so you always obtain a value that's completely up-to-date. Value providers implement the Observer pattern in this way. When an argument which is observed, changes it's value, it notifies all the arguments that are observing it, so they can update their values.
Getting to the different recipe types
As we all have derived from the title by now, there are two kind of recipes within the Recipe Framework: bound and unbound recipes.
A bound recipe, is a recipe that is associated with a specified Visual Studio solution element. This can be a solution, a project, a class file… The recipe will only appear in the context menu on the item you have specified to bound it to (only on solution level for example).
A bound recipe can again be recurring or non-recurring.
Easily said: a recurring recipe is like a recipe to add a test class, it wil contain a basic test method from which to start, it wil contain the correct namespace references to get you started, and so on… You can add as many test classes as you want, meaning that that specific recipe, is recurring.
When using a non-recurring recipe, once the recipe is executed, you can't choose to execute it again. A case scenario in which you would want to create a non-recurring recipe is when you want to create a static gateway. Imagine this static singleton class only serves to hold single instances of objects and provide it for usage in other classes using properties. We could develop a recipe that would create this class, for all objects you want to instantiate just once (you could let the user choose these classes in a wizard for example). You only want to create this static gateway once, so once the recipe is executed, it is never again available. It's possible you would want to regenerate this static singleton class, adding more or less objects in the wizard, but let's assume in this case, you would do this in a phase of your project where this decision can't vary.
Bound recipes are bound to a bound recipe reference. A bound recipe reference is an object used by the Recipe Framework to associate a particular recipe with a particular launch point – or speaking in Visual Studio terms, a command. The reference enables the recipe to be executed, and stores it's state (for example, has it been executed already?).
On the other hand, we have unbound recipes. Unbound recipes aren't asociated with any item within Visual Studio. The recipe is not "placed" on solution-, project-, nor item-level. These kind of recipes work in a whole other way. Unbound recipes are associated with unbound recipe references, and these references, selects the solution items it's associated with or used in.
As I just said, the unbound recipe reference chooses the solution items to appear on, but it does this according to a selection condition, a so called Target Condition. This condition is written in code, thus it is defined by us, the GAPD's. It can be a simple condition and be satisfied by a very broad number of scenarios, or quite complex thus only satisfied in very specific cases. A TargetCondition is a piece of code returning a boolean value which specifies whether the condition was met or not.
Let's discuss a concrete example. You're developing a guidance package, which contains a number of folders inside the Domain-project that you have predefined for usage. Since you specify an "Exceptions" folder, you want all the custom Exceptions placed inside this folder, that's obvious. You also developed a start for custom Exception classes, which you defined as "Exception class" (which is the same as a normal class, but already inherits the ApplicationException class and contains the correct namespace instead). You only want Exception classes within the specific Exceptions-folder, but how do we enforce it???
Well, this is where the unbound recipes come to the rescue. You write a simple condition in code, which checks if the item on which the user clicked is a folder, and also checks it name…. If the recipe is satisfied, an extra command appears in the context menu of that folder: "Add new Custom Exception class".
How does VS deal with this?
Actually I really wondered how this worked when I started with GAT. When we register a guidance package, one of the main things that happen, is that Visual Studio is told what commands we want to specify on each item in Visual Studio. In the Visual Studio world, this is not dynamic. The commands are loaded before the package, thus Visual Studio needs to know what "icons" it has to display on context-menu's before anything. That's why the registering process is so important (of course, this is not the only reason). The action behind the command, that's where the guidance package comes to the scene. Olaf Conijn explained this to us on the VISUG-event about Software Factories we had a while ago.
So, what about the unbound recipes? How could this be predefined? They actually seem quite dynamic since the commands to unbound recipes are only shown if the condition was satisfied… Well, every time a solution element is selected, Visual Studio queries the Recipe Framework and calls the TargetCondition of each unbound recipe in the package. If the condition returns true, the corresponding command is displayed in the context menu. In the last sentence, I want to emphasise "displayed in the context menu". VS uses dynamic visibility for unbound recipes. When registering a package, the items on which the unbound recipes can be available, are in deed registered. But it's when such an item in VS is clicked, that VS adjusts the visibility of commands according to the TargetCondition of the unbound recipes.
Summary
So, I think -and hope- you now understand the difference between bound and unbound recipes.
To summarize it in a sentence, a bound recipe is a recipe attached to a particular item in your project while unbound recipes aren't attached to any item, but contain a serie of conditions which in combination decide whether you can or not execute the recipe in a certain scenario.
Stay tuned for more GAT-talks!
Laila Bougria
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GAT/GAX – Creating a guidance package
14 06 2008
In this post we will start of with our Domain Driven Design Software Factory, the first step is obviously creating the package itself. But before we commence, I need to give some credits to my former colleague Jelle Druyts as this post is blatant plagiarism of his blog post from back in the year 2006 … but at least the pictures of this post are based on the 2008 edition of the Guidance Automation Toolkit.
To start of creating your own package, you can make use of a guidance package specifically designed for creating other guidance packages. That's what I call eating your own dog food. So let's generate the source for our package in a solution called Factory, which can be obtained in its current form from our codeplex team project.
guidancepackagepackage.jpg
The second part of this wizard allows you to set some package options like the package name, the namespace and some other information. Make sure not to include spaces in the package name as that will give issues later on.
guidancepackage-options.jpg
register-guidancepackage.jpgThe wizard will create us a solution with sample code for most of the elements that you can find in a guidance


text: Ultrasonic Guided Waves (UGWs) are particular elastic waves that propagate in media with specific geometries, typical of many aerospace, civil and biomedical structures. Due to their properties of wide range coverage and interaction with the entire cross-section, UGWs are a very advantageous a Non-Destructive Evaluation (NDE) method technique that can be used to inspect defects in solid material. There are various methods to simulate UGWs such as the Global-Local (GL) method approach which can be used to predict scattering in complex structures. GL Most methods, though, rely on finite difference or finite elements schemes which can be computationally expensive, especially to simulate UGWs propagation over a broad frequency range and interaction with complex damages. In this research project we explore a new method to model UGWs in solid media with Physics Informed Neural Networks (PINN). PINNs are a new type of machine learning method which solve Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) through stochastic processes. The PINN model can be used as a continuous time model which creates a data-efficient spatio-temporal approximator for the UGW propagation in solid media. The fundamental framework and challenges of its implementation are presented, as well as preliminary results/simulation. In the future, PINNs UGWs can be used to efficiently simulate inspections in complex structures and generate data for Structural Health Monitoring and prognosis.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text: Structural honeycomb is widely used as both an impact limiter and rigid structural support in applications which require a high specific strength and highly characterized energy absorption profile. Structural honeycomb is an anisotropic material with limited strength in directions perpendicular to the cells and features mechanical properties that are largely driven by the materials of construction and structure density. As a result, the mechanical properties of honeycomb are sensitive to the specific geometry, orientation, and reinforcement of the honeycomb structure. This study evaluates the effects of these characteristics on stainless steel structural honeycomb to account for the complex loading conditions experienced during radioactive material package regulatory testing. This material is intended for use in applications where organically bonded honeycomb cannot be used.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Sector Dump Format
From Ninerpedia
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A disk image in Sector Dump Format is defined as a concatenation of all sector contents in logical sequence. These disk image files are typically suffixed with ".dsk" or ".DSK". Note that the Track Dump Format images are also suffixed with ".dsk" or ".DSK", so this cannot be decided by the file suffix alone.
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ... n-1 [Bad sectors map]
It should be noted that the SDF does not represent the physical sequence of sectors per track. The sectors on a real floppy disk are arranged by an interleave per track, with a skew from track to track. See more about the real arrangement in the article on the Interleave.
Standard format
In the standard format, which is used in many emulators like v9t9, MAME, or js99er, the file only consists of the sectors, and no bad sector map is available.
In the TI world, all sectors are 256 bytes long. Files can easily be checked for this format by verifying that the total file size is a multiple of 256. Also, single density format defines tracks with 9 sectors per track, while double density contains 18 sectors per track. There is one exception: The original TI DD controllers (or the HX5102 Hexbus floppy) use 16 sectors/track for double density.
Assuming that we have a 9 or 18 sectors/track layout, SDF image sizes should be expected to be a multiple of 9·256 = 2304 bytes.
Since the format does not encode any metadata, there are situations where the original disk format cannot be determined easily. In particular, a double-sided/single density (DSSD) format has the same sector count as a single-sided/double density (SSDD) format. The same issue appears for 80 track images with single density versus 40 track images with double density.
In these cases, looking into sector 0 may help to disambiguate the format analysis. This will only work if the disk image is formatted, of course.
File sizes for formats:
Format Description Recording Cylinder count Head count Sector count File size Occurance
SSSD Single-sided, single density FM 40 1 360 92160 typical
DSSD Double-sided, single density FM 40 2 720 184320 typical
DSSD80 DSSD with 80 tracks FM 80 2 1440 368640 rare, but increasing
SSDD Single-sided, double density MFM 40 1 720 184320 very rare
DSDD Double-sided, double density MFM 40 2 1440 368640 typical
DSDD80 DSDD with 80 tracks MFM 40 2 2880 737280 rare
DSHD80 Double sided, high density MFM 80 2 5760 _PHONE_ very rare
SSDD16 Single-sided, double density (TI) MFM 40 1 640 163840 not seen yet
DSDD16 Double-sided, double density (TI) MFM 40 2 1280 327680 not seen yet
DSDD77 DSDD (TI) with 77 tracks MFM 77 2 2464 630784 not seen yet
Extended format
There is one extension to the SDF which adds 768 bytes at the end, containing a map of bad sectors. File sizes are a multiple of 9·256 plus 768; that is, if the file size is not a multiple of 9·256, but is 768 bytes longer, the file is very likely a sector dump with bad sectors map.
This was introduced by a tool to read real TI floppy disks on a PC. Emulators typically ignore these additional bytes. For that reason, this format is really rare to find.
MAME Hard disk format (legacy)
In very early releases, the MESS emulator (now part of MAME) supported hard disk image files in a sector dump format. However, for quite some time, MESS (and MAME) require images in CHD format.


Azure Blob
Creating an Azure Blob Write Connector
Prerequisites:
 - Access credentials
 - Data location on Azure Blob
 - Partition column from upstream, if applicable
Connection Settings
Connection Setting specifies the details to connect to the particular Azure Blob location.
Here's an example:
_PHONE_
Figure 1
Storage Account Name
Enter the Storage Account Name for the subscription.
Location
Azure Blob Write Connectors have location settings comprised of:
 - Azure Blob Container: The container name, e.g. ascend-io-dev-container. Do not put in any folder information in this box.
 - Object Prefix: The Azure Blob folders hierarchical prefix, e.g. analytical_results/my_awesome_table. Do not include any leading forward slashes.
 - Partition Folder Pattern: The folder pattern that will be generated based on the values from the upstream partition column, e.g. you can use {{at_hour_ts(yyyy-MM-dd/HH)}} where column at_hour_ts is a partition column from the upstream transform.
❗
Warning
Any data that is not being propagated by the upstream transform will automatically be deleted under the object prefix.
For example; if the write connector produces three files A, B and C in the object-prefix and there was an existing file called output.txt at the same location Ascend will delete output.txt since Ascend did not generate it.
Manifest file (optional)
If selected a manifest file is generated or updated every time the Write Connector gets Up-To-Date and will contain a list of file names for all data files that are ready to be consumed by downstream applications. To create a Manifest File, specify the full path, including the file name, for where the Manifest File should get created at, as well as whether this should be a CSV or a JSON file.
Azure Shared Key
This is the Access Key for the Storage Account that can be located within the Storage Account page under Settings -> Access Keys.
Testing Connection
Use Test Connection to check whether all Azure Blob permissions are correctly configured.
Formatter Settings
The formatter settings specifies what format the files will be generated with.
Here's an example.
822822
Figure 2
XSV Formatter
Ascend supports 3 different delimiters and 9 different line terminators and allows specifying whether a Header Row should be included. The XSV generated is RFC4180 compliant.
🚧
Important
The XSV Formatter will NOT replace newline characters within values. Replace newline characters in the upstream transform if you require XSV files to contain only single line records.
JSON formatter
Will generate a file where each line in the file is a valid JSON object representing one data row from upstream.
🚧
Important
The JSON Formatter will automatically replace new line characters in column values to \n in order to guarantee the JSON file has single line records.
Parquet formatter
Will apply snappy compression automatically to the output files automatically.
Processing Priority (optional)
When resources are constrained, Processing Priority will be used to determine which components to schedule first.
Higher priority numbers are scheduled before lower ones. Increasing the priority on a component also causes all its upstream components to be prioritized higher. Negative priorities can be used to postpone work until excess capacity becomes available.
Here's an example:
219219
Figure 3
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text:
The statistical difference between bending arcs and regular polar arcs
2015 (English)In: Journal of Geophysical Research - Space Physics, ISSN 2169-9380, E-ISSN 2169-9402, Vol. 120, no 12, 10443-10465 p.Article in journal (Refereed) PublishedText
In this work, the Polar UVI data set by Kullen et al. (2002) of 74 polar arcs is reinvestigated, focusing on bending arcs. Bending arcs are typically faint and form (depending on interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) B-y direction) on the dawnside or duskside oval with the tip of the arc splitting off the dayside oval. The tip subsequently moves into the polar cap in the antisunward direction, while the arc's nightside end remains attached to the oval, eventually becoming hook-shaped. Our investigation shows that bending arcs appear on the opposite oval side from and farther sunward than most regular polar arcs. They form during B-y-dominated IMF conditions: typically, the IMF clock angle increases from 60 to 90 degrees about 20min before the arc forms. Antisunward plasma flows from the oval into the polar cap just poleward of bending arcs are seen in Super Dual Auroral Radar Network data, indicating dayside reconnection. For regular polar arcs, recently reported characteristics are confirmed in contrast to bending arcs. This includes plasma flows along the nightside oval that originate close to the initial arc location and a significant delay in the correlation between IMF B-y and initial arc location. In our data set, the highest correlations are found with IMF B-y appearing at least 1-2 h before arc formation. In summary, bending arcs are distinctly different from regular arcs and cannot be explained by existing polar arc models. Instead, these results are consistent with the formation mechanism described in Carter et al. (2015), suggesting that bending arcs are caused by dayside reconnection.
Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
American Geophysical Union (AGU), 2015. Vol. 120, no 12, 10443-10465 p.
Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology
IdentifiersURN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-183227DOI: 10.1002/2015JA021298ISI: 000369180200022ScopusID: 2-s2.0-84957848598OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-183227DiVA: diva2:908838
FunderSwedish National Space Board
QC 201603032016-03-032016-03-032016-03-03Bibliographically approved


Using PostgreSQL and SQL to Randomly Sample Data
Steve Pousty
7 min read
In the last post of this series we introduced trying to model fire probability in Northern California based on weather data. We showed how to use SQL to do data shaping and preparation. We ended with a data set that was ready with all the fire occurrences and weather data in a single table almost prepped for logistic regression.
There is now one more step: sample the data. If you have worked with logistic regression before you know you should try to balance the number of occurrences (1) with absences (0). To do this we are going to sample out from the non_fire_weather equal to the count in fire_weather and then combine them into one table.
Random sample of figures
Random sample of figures
Picture by OpenLearn Create
I thought for sure I was going to have to write PL/pgSQL or PL/Python to do this next task. As I tell people in my talks/workshops, "Start with Postgres until it doesn't work for your use case. Then go back and read the Postgres doc." Taking my own advice, I found a way to make this work with SQL. Let's do it together below. I'm gonna spin up a small instance in Crunchy Bridge to do this work.
Sampling the non-fire days
First we sample as many non_fire_weather records as there are in count of records in the fire_weather table. There are Postgres built-in functions for sampling tables (look for keyword TABLESAMPLE in the FROM clause). There are two built in functions and the documentation does a good job of explaining them:
The BERNOULLI method scans the whole table and selects or ignores individual rows independently with the specified probability. The SYSTEM method does block-level sampling with each block having the specified chance of being selected; all rows in each selected block are returned. The SYSTEM method is significantly faster than the BERNOULLI method when small sampling percentages are specified, but it may return a less-random sample of the table as a result of clustering effects.
You can pass a seed number as a parameter to the either method to guarantee repeatability of sampling between different calls to the query.
It's important to note that:
This sampling precedes the application of any other filters such as WHERE clauses.
It is also important to note that neither method guarantees to return the exact number of rows requested.
To get the exact number sample, we need to load an extension called tsm_system_rows. With tsm_system_rows we get the exact number of rows we requested (unless there are fewer rows in the table than requested). But again the caveats are important:
 - Like the built-in SYSTEM sampling method, SYSTEM_ROWS performs block-level sampling, so that the sample is not completely random but may be subject to clustering effects, especially if only a small number of rows are requested.
 - tsm_system_rows does not accept a seed number so two calls of the SQL function are not guaranteed to return the same set of records.
For our use case, I decided that getting the exact number is important and I did not think clustering would be an issue. A good test is to run the sampling below with the bernoulli method and the tsm_system_rows method and look for an increase in autocorrelation in our predictor variable for the tsm_system_rows.
For now, let's go ahead and add the extension:
CREATE EXTENSION tsm_system_rows;
Now we use a CTE and lateral join to get the data we want and put it into a table named "preanalysisdata":
WITH count*fire AS (
SELECT count(*) AS thecount FROM fire*weather
)
SELECT a.* INTO preanalysisdata FROM count_fire CROSS JOIN LATERAL
(SELECT * FROM non_fire_weather TABLESAMPLE SYSTEM_ROWS(count_fire.thecount))
AS a;
 1. The CTE is just getting us the count of records in the fire table.
 2. We then use a lateral join in the second part of the query to pass the count number from the CTE into the subquery at the end.
 3. The subquery uses the count of fire rows to randomly sample the exact same number of non-fire weather days.
 4. Once that lateral join finishes, the query then passes all the rows to the first part of the select query and puts the results into a new table.
We now have our non-fire data subsample that was randomly sampled from all the non-fire weather data put into a table.
Adding the fire data
Now we use a simple SQL UNION to concatenate the preanalysis data (no fires) with our fire data set to give us the data that is ready for analysis.
SELECT * INTO analysisdata FROM preanalysisdata UNION SELECT * FROM
fire_weather;
Final Steps
It's time for the final step of separating the data into training and validation sets. It is quite easy to want to focus on how well your statistical or data science model does with prediction of its training data. Unfortunately, by doing this you often end up tuning your model to be specific to the data used, ruining the model's ability to predict new data. In data science you often want to "hold back" some of your data to test how good your model is at predicting new data. With our dataset we are going to do 90% for training and 10% for validation. With PostgreSQL, this is as easy as two lines of code.
To separate our authoritative data for analysis we will make a new schema. This way we can give other data scientists read but NOT write permissions to this schema. By separating our final data we can be sure the data will not be accidentally altered by someone else:
CREATE SCHEMA final;
In writing the next lines of SQL I decided to go with simplicity over generality. I could have made these lines more general by using the CTE and expression types found above. Doing so would have allowed the query to work for any table size, but instead I manually calculated the 90% and 10% values for records and used them in the query.
First we get the training/analysis data:
SELECT * INTO final.analysis FROM analysisdata TABLESAMPLE SYSTEM_ROWS(2525);
Ninety percent of the original records equals 2525 records. Again we use the system_rows extension to randomly sample rows from the table. We also use "select into" to create the analysis table in the final schema.
Finally, we need to put the remaining rows into the validation table. Stated in plain English, I want all the rows from analysis data that are not in final.analysis. My first inclination was to write the query like this - please understand this is WRONG:
SELECT * INTO final.verification FROM analysisdata AS a, final.analysis AS fa
WHERE a.id != fa.id;
This actually does a cross join (also called cartesian product), for all the ids that are not equal between the tables.
There are several different SQL forms we could use to get the right answer. I chose this one because it had the best performance and it is the most "relational" style answer:
SELECT * INTO final.verification FROM analysisdata EXCEPT SELECT * FROM
final.analysis;
I also think reading this query makes it quite clear what we want for the outcome. You can read more about 'except' in the official documentation. You can check out this blog post where I give a discussion of how I got to this SQL.
Wrap up
I was really excited to find the ability to randomly sample a table right there in PostgreSQL. Again, I thought I was definitely going to have to write some PL/pgSQL, PL/Python, PL/R, or do it in the client code. Instead I can write some simple SQL and make generic sampling functions in one SQL call. If I wanted to I could have even passed a seed number into the sampling function to sample the exact same rows every time.
And with that we have finished breaking out our training and verification. Next step we are going to center and standardize the predictive variables we want to use in the logistic regression.
You could do all this simply by spinning up a PostgreSQL instance in Crunchy Bridge and use the data from the Github repo. Did you know about the table sampling function in SQL? Does it also bring you joy? Tell us more about how you have used table sampling functions. Leave a comment below or reach out to us on Twitter. Happy data sciencing!
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October 27, 2020 More by this author


text:
Research and Publications
Label Confusion: The Groucho Effect of Uncertain Standards
2011, Management Science
Rick Harbaugh, John W. Maxwell, Beatrice Roussillon
Labels certify that a product meets some standard for quality, but often consumers are unsure of the exact standard that the label represents. Focusing on the case of eco-labels for environmental quality, we show how even small amounts of uncertainty can create consumer confusion that reduces or eliminates the value to firms of adopting voluntary labels. First, consumers are most suspicious of a label when a product with a bad reputation has it, so labels are often unpersuasive at showing that a seemingly bad product is actually good. Second, label proliferation aggravates the effect of uncertainty, causing the informativeness of labels to decrease rather than increase. Third, uncertainty makes labeling and non-labeling equilibria more likely to coexist as the number of labels increases, so consumers face greater strategic uncertainty over how to interpret the presence or absence of a label. Finally, a label can be legitimitized or spoiled for other products when a product with a good or bad reputation displays it, so firms may adopt labels strategically to manipulate such information spillovers, which further exacerbates label confusion. Managers can reduce label confusion by supporting mandatory labeling or by undertaking investments to make certain labels "focal".
Harbaugh, Rick, John W. Maxwell, and Beatrice Roussillon (2011), "Label Confusion: The Groucho Effect of Uncertain Standards," Management Science, Vol. 57, No. 9, September, pp. _PHONE_.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Definition of ebonize
v. t. - To make black, or stain black, in imitation of ebony; as, to ebonize wood.
The word "ebonize" uses 7 letters: B E E I N O Z.
No direct anagrams for ebonize found in this word list.
Words formed by adding one letter before or after ebonize (in bold), or to beeinoz in any order:
d - ebonized s - ebonizes
Shorter words found within ebonize:
be bee been ben bene bi bin bine bio biz bize bizone bo bone bonze ebon en eon in ion ne neb nee nib no nob obe obi oe on one zee zein zin zineb zone
List shorter words within ebonize, sorted by length
Words formed from any letters in ebonize, plus an optional blank or existing letter
List all words starting with ebonize, words containing ebonize or words ending with ebonize
All words formed from ebonize by changing one letter
Other words with the same letter pairs: eb bo on ni iz ze
Browse words starting with ebonize by next letter
Previous word in list: ebonites
Next word in list: ebonized
Some random words: emyd


text:
Help baby drum up some fun with the Bright Starts Light and Giggle Drum. This amazing toy surprises baby with a musical light display that's set into motion when baby taps the drum. In number mode, baby can count along with the drum beats and in color learning mode, lights correspond to the color with every tap of the drum. The easy-grasp handle lets baby take the fun along. What a fun way to inspire baby to discover cause and effect, numbers and colors.
- 3 play and learning modes
- Musictap drum to see lights flash and music play
- Numberscount with every beat of the drum


HomebulletScriptsbulletTag: l10n (2 results)
 1. Simple Language Changer Script
 661 total visits
 2. No Screenshot
 1546 total visits
 Integers to words takes a number between 1 and 99999999 and converts it into words that express the number in English. Crores and Lakhs are used to express very high numbers.Requirements: PHP 3.0 or higher
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text:
Performance metrics can help data storage pros judge the effectiveness of their enterprise data storage resources....
By submitting your email address, you agree to receive emails regarding relevant topic offers from TechTarget and its partners. You can withdraw your consent at any time. Contact TechTarget at 275 Grove Street, Newton, MA.
For example, data storage efficiency can be measured in terms of capacity utilization or productivity (such as performance). Likewise, quality of service (QoS) can indicate compliance with data protection among other application service requirements.
Examples of metrics and measurements for storage efficiency and optimization include the following:
- Macro (e.g., facilities such as power usage effectiveness) and micro (device or component level)
- Time (performance or activity) vs. availability vs. space (capacity)
- Performance metrics, including IOPS, bandwidth, and response time or latency
- Additional performance metrics, including reads, writes, random, sequential or IO size
- Storage capacity metrics, including percent utilization as well as reduction ratios
- Other capacity metrics, including raw, formatted, free, allocated or allocated not used
Metrics can be obtained from in-house, third-party, or operating system and application-specific tools. Other metrics can be estimated or simulated; for example, benchmarks running specific workloads such as those from the Transaction Processing Performance Council (TPC), Storage Performance Council (SPC), Standard Performance Evaluation Corporation (SPEC) or Microsoft Exchange Solution Reviewed Program (ESRP).
Compound metrics, those made up of multiple metrics, include cost per GB and cost per IOP, along with capacity per watt or activity per watt, such as IOPS or bandwidth per watt of energy used.
A list of common storage performance metrics
Here is a list of common storage performance metrics:
- IOPS: I/O operations per second where the I/O can be of various size
- Latency: The response time where lower is better for time-sensitive applications
- MTBF: Mean time between failures indicates reliability or availability
- MTTR: Mean time to repair or replace a failed component or storage device
- Quality of Service (QoS): Refers to performance, availability or general service experience
- Recovery point objective (RPO): To what point in time is data saved or lost
- Recovery time objective (RTO): How quickly data or applications can be made available
- SPC: Storage Performance Council workload (IOP, bandwidth and others)
- TPC: Transaction Processing Council workload comparisons
Other metrics include uptime, planned or unplanned downtime, errors or defects, and missed windows for data protection or other infrastructure resource management tasks.
Remember to keep idle and active modes of operation in perspective when comparing tiered storage. Applications that rely on performance or data access need to be compared on an activity basis, while applications and data that are focused more on data retention should be compared on a cost per-capacity basis. For example, active, online and primary data that needs to provide performance should be looked at in terms of activity per-watt per-footprint cost, while inactive or idle data should be looked at on a capacity per-watt per-footprint cost basis.
Given that productivity is also a tenet of storage efficiency, metrics that shed light on how effectively resources are being used are important. For example, QoS, performance, transactions, IOPS, files serviced or other activity-based metrics should be looked at to determine how effective and productive storage resources are.
Tips for using data storage resource metrics
Here are three other storage efficiency tips to remember:
- Look beyond cost per-capacity comparisons
- Remember that GB per watt can mean capacity or performance bandwidth
- While hit rates may indicate good utilization, they may not necessarily mean effective performance
It can be easy to end up with an apples-to-oranges comparison when looking at different storage products optimized for idle or low activity that may have a good capacity per watt, but poor performance and low IOPS or bandwidth per watt. Likewise, a high-performance storage system may have good IOPS or bandwidth per watt, but may not be as attractive when compared on a capacity basis.
Remember that more information will have to be processed, stored and protected in multiple locations and at a lower cost in the future. Therefore, performance efficiency can enable more effective storage capacity at a given QoS level, for both active and idle storage.


How To Change Ring Alarm Keypad Entry Time
How long is the ring Keypad functional? How long will the keypad's battery last before it has to be recharged? The battery should last between six and nine months on a single charge. This varies according on use and power-saving settings.
How long does Ring Alarm's entrance delay last? When you enter your house, your alarm system starts a countdown to the alarm sounding. This is referred to as a "Entry Delay," because it allows you to enter your house and deactivate the system prior to it activating. This system may be configured to have a delay duration of 0 to 180 seconds.
When I open the door, why does my Ring Alarm sound? Armed Modes: When armed, the Contact Sensor will alert you to the opening of a door or window. You may change the parameters for the Sensor mode. Bypass Sensors: If a Contact Sensor is open or unavailable during arming, or if you choose to leave a window open, you may bypass the Contact Sensor and leave it disarmed.
How To Change Ring Alarm Keypad Entry Time – RELATED QUESTIONS
Is it possible to hardwire a ring keypad?
Is there a rechargeable battery for the ring keypad?
The Keypad connects to normal power outlets and features a rechargeable battery that ensures the Keypad remains operational even when the power is turned off.
What is the procedure for resetting my ring alarm?
To reset a Ring Base Station, put a pin into the minuscule hole on the back and keep it in place for at least 10 seconds. When the LED (on the front of the device) turns red, the reset is complete. Unplug the Base Station after it has been reset.
See also How To Set Up Ring Alarm With Alexa
What is the procedure for resetting a ring alarm?
For about ten seconds, press and hold the Setup button. Your listener has reset when the LED stops flashing.
Where is the five-digit PIN code for the ring doorbell located?
On the back of each Ring Alarm gadget is a unique QR code and 5-digit code.
Is it possible to alter the duration of the Ring Alarm?
To set your entrance delay, follow these steps: Modes may be found under Location Settings. "Home" or "Away" are tapped. "Entry Delay" should be selected. Set the entry delay to the desired duration.
Is the Ring keypad equipped with a panic button?
Ring Alarm customers may use the Panic option to rapidly activate emergency assistance through their Ring Alarm system. The Ring Alarm Panic Button or the Ring Alarm Keypad may be used to activate the Panic alarm.
Why is the ring doorbell delayed?
What exactly is this? The doorbell requires a strong signal to transmit data accurately between the device and the smartphone on which you want to receive alerts, and a poor internet connection may be causing your ring camera to lag.
Does Ring indicate that the entrance door is open?
How do you disable a Ring Security System?
What is an alert for an open door?
Open door alarms with audio or short-range notifications are reasonably priced and simple to install. When a door is opened, a sensor installed on the door delivers a signal to a receiver.
Is it possible to have two Ring keypads?
However, several keypads may be added to the Ring system, allowing you to have one at each entrance point or in your bedroom if that is a more convenient location. The keypad may be set flat on a table or wall mounted, and is powered by a simple MicroUSB cord.
See also How To Make Alarm Ring Through Headphones Iphone
What is the Ring Keypad's energy-saving mode?
With energy conservation turned on: Mode When a button is pushed, it illuminates. When it is dark and any button is pushed, the numbers illuminate. This is the most energy-efficient choice. When it is dark and either (1) a button is pushed or (2) motion is sensed, the numbers illuminate.
How long do the batteries in ring alarms last?
The battery has a three-year life. Nota bene: You do not have to disassemble the complete gadget to change the battery. Remove the cover from your motion sensor by pressing the cover release. Disconnect the battery.
How is a ring keypad's battery replaced?
How long does it take to charge the Ring keypad?
The Ring Alarm Keypad requires between two and five hours to completely charge. When charging is complete, the green charging indicator will become solid green.
Does the ring keypad have to be plugged in at all times?
The Ring Keypad does not need continual recharging. When in power-saving mode, it has a battery life of up to 12 months. The Ring Keypad's battery is meant to last months, which means that once charged, the Keypad may be left on the wall or on a table without being plugged in.
Is there a night mode on the ring alarm?
Utilize Mode Schedules to configure your Ring Alarm to arm in Home Mode every night around bedtime, or to disarm in Home Mode Monday through Friday before the kids return from school.
What is the meaning of ring delay?
When a call is placed to your machine, you will hear the standard telephone ring. The Ring Delay option specifies the number of rings. In the Fax Only and Fax/Tel Modes, the Ring Delay parameter controls the number of times the machine rings before responding.
See also Does IphOne Alarm Still Ring on Silent
What does triggered entry delay mean?
The entry delay is the time required to disarm the system after your return home and activation of a sensor. The entrance delay is set to 30 seconds by default. Both the departure and entrance delay periods may be customized to fit your lifestyle through your online account.
Does Ring Alarm contact the authorities?
When you activate SOS inside the Ring app, a signal is sent seeking police, fire, or medical assistance. The monitoring center will contact your primary point of contact in the event of an emergency. If no one responds, the monitoring center will contact the appropriate authorities (police, fire, or medical), based on your option.
What happens when the Ring panic button is pressed?
When an emergency occurs within your house, seek assistance immediately. For three seconds, press and hold the Alarm Panic Button to activate the Ring Alarm's siren. If you're a Ring Protect Plus subscriber, our 24-hour professional monitoring center will be contacted, and emergency personnel will be summoned.


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PRESERVE AND MAINTAIN THE HISTORIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENT
For more than 200 years, the Bamboo Organ had withstood the test of time. This instrument has gone through a lot, from natural calamities such as typhoons and earthquakes to man-made conflicts and wars of the past. In 1972, a contract for its total restoration was awarded to Johannes Klais Orgelbau in Bonn, Germany where the organ was shipped in 1973. The restored organ returned home in March 1975 to a joyous welcome by the Filipino people. It was also in 1975 that the inaugural International Bamboo Organ Festival was held, which aims to showcase the legacy of this musical instrument and at the same time getting financial support from its patrons for its preservation and maintenance.
In March 1994 after completing their organ building studies in Austria, Cealwyn Tagle and Edgar Montiano (+) founded the Diego Cera Organbuilders, Inc. (DCOB). They are currently responsible for the preservation, maintenance, and tuning of the Bamboo Organ. They also offer design, construction, restoration, and maintenance of pipe organs locally and abroad.
TRAINING OF ORGANISTS
What worth does an instrument have if there is nobody to play it? The same applies to the Bamboo Organ. Only a talented and skilled organist can bring out the full potential of this unique instrument. It is for this reason that the Foundation has sent scholars to Austria like Armando Salarza (organ performance and church music), Gerardo Fajardo (choir conducting), Edgar Montiano (+) and Cealwyn Tagle (organ conducting). Each has carved a name for himself in his respective field, and until now we continue to train young organists for the future under the tutelage of Prof. Salarza.
ENHANCE AND ADVANCE THE SPIRITUAL, EDUCATIONAL, SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC WELL-BEING OF THE PEOPLE OF LAS PIÑAS
Las Piñas has etched itself on the world map, thanks to this unique instrument. Thousands of local and foreign tourists visit the Bamboo Organ every year, thereby making the locals appreciate the Bamboo Organ even more. Housed inside the St. Joseph Church, it also continues to play church music during Sunday Masses, as one of the true purpose for the creation of the organ is for the greater glory of God. And with the International Bamboo Organ Festival being held every year, the people of Las Piñas themselves become the true caretakers of this historic treasure created by Fr. Diego Cera.


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Education 4 Action
'Education 4 Action' a network of individuals linked to Critical Labour Studies
'Education 4 Action is a network of individuals linked to Critical Labour Studies and others who are concerned with the privatisation of education and the growing impact of neo-liberalism on learning more generally. We aim to challenge the way public and worker education has been de-politicised and reduced in content and scope. Our aim is to raise these issues and to counter them through political action and the use of alternative forms of learning and collective discussion.
In this web space we aim to provide a set of learning materials for those interested in social and worker activism, in the context of a changing economic and social context. We provide here a series of learning materials in terms of power points and readings under various themes that we will keep expanding. We also aim to develop a repository for reports and papers related to various topics. Use these freely and suggest any more if they are in the public domain. Moreover, we are developing an A-Z of key words that will help us understand the core concepts at the heart of the changes taking place. There are other features too.


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text:
BASIC COURSE DESIGN
The following diagrams are given as a guide to locating the lure machine and pulleys for a continuous loop and a take up course plan. There are three basic possibilities when locating the lure machine for a continuous loop course; in line with the course, outside the loop and inside the loop. While these course plans are a simple box for illustrative purposes, there are many possible variations to any of these configurations and are limited only by the number of corner pulleys available for use. The last diagram shows a take up configuration with three corner pulleys located in front of the lure machine. The three pulleys are used to keep constant tension on the string and prevent a backlash from occurring. You may get away with using only two corner pulleys in front of the lure machine.


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Get all from Table A that isn't in Table B
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A common requirement when building a data warehouse is to be able to get all rows from a staging table where the business key is not in the dimension table. For example, I may want to get all rows from my STG_DATE table where the DateID is not in DIM_DATE.DateID. There are 2 ways to do this in conventional SQL. And using SSIS...
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Inserting bulk data into a table it's easy, but... having two tables that need to be synchronized is that an straight forward task
This article explains how to copy all the rows from an origin table to a destination one, taking into consideration that somes rows doesn't exists (insert / create) and some other yes (update)
you will find two SQL script solutions and two based on SSIS


Edith Ewing Bouvier Beale
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Edith Ewing Bouvier Beale
Born Edith Ewing Bouvier
(1895-10-05)October 5, 1895
Nutley, New Jersey
Died February 5, 1977(1977-02-05) (aged 81)
Southampton, New York
Other names Big Edie
Spouse(s) Phelan Beale (1917–1931)
Children Edith Bouvier Beale
Phelan Beale, Jr.
Bouvier Beale
Parents John Vernou Bouvier II
Maude Sergeant Bouvier
Relatives aunt of Jacqueline Kennedy and Lee Radziwill
Edith Ewing Bouvier Beale (October 5, 1895 – February 5, 1977) was an American socialite and amateur singer, known for her eccentric lifestyle. She was a sister of John "Black Jack" Bouvier, the father of Jacqueline Bouvier Kennedy Onassis. Her life and relationship with her daughter Edith Bouvier Beale were highlighted in the 1975 documentary Grey Gardens.
Early life[edit]
She was the daughter of John Vernou Bouvier, Jr. and Maude Sergeant Bouvier (the paternal grandparents of Jacqueline Bouvier Kennedy Onassis). Beale's mother was the daughter of a wealthy paper manufacturer, and her father was a successful attorney who was appointed Major in the Judge Advocate Corps for the United States Army during World War I. He liked to be addressed as Major Bouvier and later invented a faux royal mythos of his Bouvier lineage in the privately printed Our Forebears, which gave his grandchildren the following quote: "The hallmark of aristocracy is responsibility."
Beale enjoyed a privileged upbringing along with her brothers John Vernou Bouvier III, William Sergeant "Bud" Bouvier (1893–1929), who died at a young age from alcoholism, and her red-headed twin sisters Maude Bouvier Davis (_PHONE_), mother of writer John H. Davis, and Michelle Bouvier Scott Putman (_PHONE_). Beale enjoyed photography, theatrical arts, and as a youth considered becoming a surgeon from her interest in physiology.
Marriage and children[edit]
Beale pursued an amateur singing career and in 1917 married lawyer/financier Phelan Beale (who worked at her father's law firm Bouvier and Beale) in a lavish ceremony at St. Patrick's Cathedral, New York. The couple lived at 987 Madison Avenue (now the site of the Carlyle Hotel). They had three children: daughter Edith (who was referred to as "Little Edie")—born November 7, 1917, and two sons (Phelan Beale, Jr.—born 1920, and Bouvier Beale—born 1922).
In 1923, Phelan Beale purchased the 28-room "Grey Gardens" mansion at number 3 West End Rd in the Georgica neighborhood of East Hampton, a block from the Atlantic Ocean. The Beales separated in 1931 when Little Edie was 14, with "Big Edie" retaining the Grey Gardens house. Beale received child support, but no form of alimony. She continued to pursue her singing career, giving recitals in her home and at local functions. Her sons went off to college and World War II duty and had families of their own.
When she showed up at her son's 1942 wedding dressed like an opera star, Edie's father, Major Bouvier, cut her mostly out of his will—leaving her only a small trust of $65,000 (Beale's mother Maude died in 1940 and Major Bouvier died in 1948). Beale became depressed and gained weight. She also had several eye operations in the 1940s. In 1946, Phelan Beale notified her of their divorce via telegram from Mexico. (Little Edie referred to it as a "fake Mexican divorce" because it was not recognized by the Catholic Church.)
Major Bouvier and her son Bouvier "Buddy" Beale urged Beale for many years to sell her "white elephant" Grey Gardens, but she refused.
Life at Grey Gardens[edit]
Beale had two live-in male companions at various times at Grey Gardens: her accompanist George "Gould" Strong and handyman Tom "Tex" Logan. In July 1952, her daughter Little Edie returned after five years in Manhattan to live permanently at Grey Gardens when Beale was age 57. In 1960, when Beale was 65, her niece Jacqueline Kennedy became First Lady. After a 1968 theft of antiques while Beale was at a party in East Hampton, she began to leave the house less frequently.
In the 1970s, Jacqueline Onassis's sister Lee Radziwill discussed creating a documentary with Albert and David Maysles about her and Jacqueline's childhood in East Hampton. At about the same time, the Edies received national attention when the National Enquirer ran an exposé on the deplorable conditions in which they lived. The Suffolk County, New York, Board of Health made an inspection, ordering them to clean up the property, which was falling into disrepair and contained various cats, raccoons, an opossum, et cetera. The once-elegant grounds were a tangled jungle; 25 of the 28 rooms were unused; in the dining room, they found a three-foot mountain of empty cans; in the upstairs bedrooms, it was said they saw human waste; and the fleas were so thick that the filmmakers wore flea collars around their ankles during the filming. After the publicity, Jacqueline Kennedy and Aristotle Onassis donated $32,000 to clean the house, install a new furnace and plumbing system, and cart away 1,000 bags of garbage. Beale did not have the funds for trash removal and house repairs. Beale's sons agreed to pay the back taxes on the property, which they had hoped for decades their mother would sell. After the stressful raids by county officials, Beale never left her home again in fear that she would lose permanent legal access to her house.
In 1973, the Maysles Brothers accompanied Lee Radziwill on a visit to the Edies, and David Maysles decided that the women would make better subjects for a film than the ex-First Lady's childhood friends. Maysles and Susan Froemke quickly edited the footage of the women and showed it to Radziwill, who balked and ultimately confiscated the film. The Maysleses returned, however, and the focus of their documentary was the Edies, instead of Jacqueline Onassis. Beale and her daughter were each paid $5,000 for the documentary, which featured their daily lives, songs and dances included. The film was screened for the two Edies in the upstairs hall of Grey Gardens in 1975. Little Edie declared it "a classic!"
The Grey Gardens documentary was met with critical acclaim. The film also inspired a Tony-award winning stage musical and a 2009 Emmy-award winning HBO film by the same name, starring Jessica Lange as "Big" Edie and Drew Barrymore as "Little" Edie.
Beale died of pneumonia at Southampton Hospital in Southampton, New York, following a fall at her home. Her body is buried in the Bouvier family plot at Most Holy Trinity Catholic Cemetery in East Hampton.[1]
As she neared her death, Beale reportedly told her daughter that she had left nothing unsaid, as it was "all in the film."[citation needed]
 1. ^ Saxon, Wolfgang (February 7, 1977). "Edith Bouvier Beale, Recluse, Dead at 81; Aunt of Mrs. Onassis Was Subject of the Documentary Movie 'Grey Gardens' in 1973". New York Times. Retrieved 2008-10-11. "Edith Bouvier Beale, who faded from high society to re-emerge among the seedy surroundings of a rundown Long Island mansion in the film "Grey Gardens," died Saturday at Southampton (L.I) Hospital at the age of 81. Grey Gardens was the home she shared with her daughter, Edith, on Apaquogue Road in East Hampton."
External links[edit]


Soil Erosion by Water/Soil Detachment by Interrill Overland Flow
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Soil Detachment by Interrill Overland Flow[edit | edit source]
Soil detachment by interrill overland flow[edit | edit source]
Interrill erosion
Interrill erosion
Interrill overland flow on a soil surface is a mass of anastomosing or braided water courses with no pronounced channels rather than a sheet of water of uniform depth. The flow is broken up by stones and cobbles and by the vegetation cover, often swirling around tufts of grass and small shrubs.
Shear Stress of Flow[edit | edit source]
The important factor in the basic hydraulic relationships of Reynolds, and Froude numbers is the flow velocity, commonly expressed by the Manning equation:
 (1.7)
where is the hydraulic radius, is the slope and is Manning's coefficient of roughness. The equation assumes fully turbulet flow moving over a rough surface.
Because of an inherent resistance of the soil, velocity must attain a threshold value before erosion commences. Basically, the detachment of an individual soil particle from the soil mass occurs when the forces exerted by the flo exceed the forces keeping the particle at rest. The processes involved and the forces at work when particle movement over relatively gentle slopes in rivers is initiated are controlled by critical conditions of the dimensionless shear stress of the flow , and the particle roughness Reynolds number , respectively, defined by:
 (1.8)
 (1.9)
where is the Shields (1936) number[1], and are the densities of water and soil respectively, is the acceleration of gravity, is the diameter of the respective soil particle and is the shear velocity of the flow, expressed as:
 (1.10)
When the value of is greater than 40 (turbulent flow), the critical value of for particle movement assumes a constant value of 0.05. Unfortunately, this value does not hold when the particles are not fully submerged or the flow has Reynolds numbers in the laminar range, as it is the case with overland flow. Studies with rock fragments in shallow flows suggest that is about 0.01 in value (Poesen, 1987[2]; Torri and Poesen, 1988[3]).
Figure 1.2: Critical shear velocity for soil particle detachment in turbulent water flow as function of particle size (Savat, 1982)
Figure 1.2: Critical shear velocity for soil particle detachment in turbulent water flow as function of particle size[4]
Other research (Govers, 1987[5]; Guy and Dickinson, 1990[6]; Torri and Borselli, 1991[7]) indicates that Shields number consistently overpredicts the hydraulic requirements of particle movement. This implies that the initiation of particle movement is not solely a phenomenon of fluid shear stress but is enhanced by further factors:
 - Effects of raindrop impact on the flow,
 - Angle of repose of the particle in relation to ground slope,
 - Strong influence of gravity as slope steepness increases,
 - Cohesion of the soil,
 - Changes in density of the fluid as sediment concentration in the flow increases,
 - Abrasion between particles moving in the flow and the soil beneath.
Since the above approach has not proved satisfactory, empirical procedures have been adopted by Savat (1982)[8], based on a critical value of the flow's shear velocity for initiating particle movement (fig. 1.2). Once the critical conditions for particle movement are exceeded, soil partilces may be detached from the soil mass at a rate that is dependent on the shear velocity of the flow and the unit discharge (Govers and Rauws, 1986)[9].
However this is only valid, if the shear velocity is exerted solely on the soil particles, which implies that the resistance to the flow wold entirely be due to grain resistance. This situation is only true for completely smooth bare soil surfaces. In practice, resistance due to the microtopographic form of the soil surface and the plant cover is usually more important and grain resistance may be as little as 5 % of the total resistance offered to the flow (Abrahams et al., 1992)[10].
Soil Detachment[edit | edit source]
Since it is difficult to determine the level of grain resistance, only very generalized relationships can be developed for describing detachment rate , depending on a simplified relationship between detachment and flow velocity. Integrating the continuity and Manning's velocity equations, Meyer (1965)[11] showed that:
 (1.11)
for constant roughness conditions, where is discharge or flow rate. Assuming that the detachment rate varies with the square of the velocity Meyer and Wishmeier (1969)[12] showed that:
 (1.12)
with , and . Quansah (1985)[13] obtained more accurate exponent values of f = 1.5 and j = 1.44 experimentally for a range of soil types from clay to sand. Both versions relate only to the action of water flow over the soil surface. When flow is accompanied by rainfall, he found that the exponents decreased in value to f = 1.12 and j = 0.64 indicating that raindrop impact inhibits the ability of flow to detach soil particles.
However, detachment depends on the amount of sediment already suspended in the flow (Meyer and Monke, 1965)[14], in eqn. 1.12 applies to the detachment capacity that only occurs when the flow is clear. Unter other conditions, depends on the difference between the actual sediment concentration in the flow and the maximum concentration that the flow can hold (Foster and Meyer, 1972)[15]:
 (1.13)
This implies that in theory the detachment rate declines as sediment concentration in the flow increases and that when the maximum sediment concentration is reached, the detachment rate becomes zero.
Flanagan and Nearing (1995)[16] describe the interrill detachment rate as explicit function of baseline interrill erodibility , effective rainfall intensity , interrill runoff rate , canopy, ground cover and interrill slope adjustment factors , and , spacing and width of rills and , and a sediment delivery ratio :
 (1.14)
with
 (1.15)
 (1.16)
 (1.17)
where is the fraction of the soil protected by canopy cover, is the effective canopy height, is the fraction of interrill surface covered by plant residue, and is the interrill slope angle. According to Foster (1982)[17] may be estimated as function of soil surface random roughness, interrill slope and interrill sediment particle size distribution.
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Bibliography[edit | edit source]
 1. Shields, A. (1936). Anwendung der Aehnlichkeitsmechanik und der Turbulenzfoschung auf die Geschiebebewegung, volume 26 of Mitteilungen der Preussischen Anstalt Wasserbau und Schiffbau.
 2. Poesen, J. (1987). Transport of rock fragments by rill flow: a field study. Catena Supplement, 8:35–54.
 3. Torri, D. and Poesen, J. (1988). Incipient motion conditions for single rock fragments in simulated rill flow. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 13:225–237.
 4. Savat, J. (1982). Common and uncommon selectivity in the process of fluid transportation: field observations and laboratory experiments on bare surfaces. Catena Supplement, 1:139–160.
 5. Govers, G. (1987). Initiation of motion in overland flow. Sedimentology, 34:1157–1164.
 6. Guy, B. and Dickinson, W. (1990). Inception of sediemnt transport in shallow overland flow. Catena Supplement, 17:91–109.
 7. Torri, D. and Borselli, L. (1991). Overland flow and soil erosion: some processes and their interactions. Catena Supplement, 19:129–137.
 8. Savat, J. (1979). Laboratory experiments on erosion and deposition of loess by laminar sheet flow and turbulent rill flow. In Vogt, H. and Vogt, T., editors, Colloque sur l'erosion agricole des sols en milieu tempere non Mediterraneen, pages 139–143. L'Universite Lois Pasteur, Strasbourg.
 9. Govers, G. and Rauws, G. (1986). Transporting capacity of overladn flow on a plane and on irregular beds. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 11:515–524.
 10. Abrahams, A., Parsons, A., and Hirsch, P. (1992). Field and laboratory studies of resistance to interrill overland flow on semi-arid hillslopes, southern arizona. In Parsons, A. and Abrahams, A., editors, Overland flow: hydraulics and erosion mechanics, pages 1–23. UCL Press, London.
 11. Meyer, L. (1965). Mathematical relationships governing soil erosion by water. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 20:149–150.
 12. Meyer, L. and Wishmeier, W. (1969). Mathematical simulation of the process of soil erosion by water. Transactions of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 12:754–758,762.
 13. Quansah, C. (1985). Rate of soil detached by overland flow, with and without rain, and its relationship with discharge, slope steepness and soil type. In El-Swaify, S., Moldenhauer,


Traveling Luck for Ahl Bel Hadri, Algeria (general), Algeria
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The timezone in Ahl Bel Hadri is Africa/Algiers
Sunrise at 06:31 and Sunset at 19:37. It's light
Latitude. 35.4167°, Longitude. -0.8167°
WeatherWeather near Ahl Bel Hadri; Report from Oran / Es Senia, 36.5km away
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Geographic features & Photographs around Ahl Bel Hadri, in Algeria (general), Algeria
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a structure or place memorializing a person or religious concept.
a tract of land with associated buildings devoted to agriculture.
administrative division;
a building for public Islamic worship.
a burial place or ground.
a mountain range or a group of mountains or high ridges.
a place where ground water flows naturally out of the ground.
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Airports close to Ahl Bel Hadri
Es senia(ORN), Oran, Algeria (36.5km)
Tafaraoui(TAF), Oran, Algeria (36.9km)
Zenata(TLM), Tlemcen, Algeria (91.7km)
Ghriss(MUW), Ghriss, Algeria (114.1km)
Angads(OUD), Oujda, Morocco (154.9km)
Airfields or small airports close to Ahl Bel Hadri
Sidi bel abbes, Sidi bel abbes, Algeria (42.8km)
Bou sfer, Bou sfer, Algeria (44.4km)
Relizane, Relizane, Algeria (170.8km)
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text:
United Nations Medals - The United Nations Special Service Medal
About the United Nations Special Service Medal
The United Nations Special Service Medal (UNSSM) was created in 1995 to recognise United Nations service of at least 90 days duration by military personnel and civilian police for which no other award is authorised. Approval has been given for New Zealand Defence Force (NZDF) personnel to wear the United Nations Special Service Medal for service in the following United Nations missions:
- United Nations Mine Clearance Training Team (UNMCTT) - Pakistan and Afghanistan, _PHONE_
- United Nations Special Commission on Iraq (UNSCOM) - _PHONE_
- Cambodian Mine Action Centre (CMAC) - _PHONE_
- United Nations Department of Humanitarian Affairs Accelerated De-Mining Programme (MADP) - Mozambique, _PHONE_
- United Nations De-Mining Programme (National Institute for the Removal of Obstacles and Explosive Ordnance (INAROE) - Angola, _PHONE_
- Programme for the Assistance to the Lao National Unexploded Ordnance Programme (UXOL) - Laos, _PHONE_
- United Nations Monitoring, Verification and Inspection Commission (UNMOVIC) - Iraq, 2002-2003
- United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) - 2004-current
- United Nations Assistance Mission for Iraq (UNAMI) - 2005-current
- United Nations Office in Timor-Leste (UNOTIL) - 2005-2006
- United Nations Mine Action Coordination Centre in Southern Lebanon (UNMACC-SL) - 2007-2008
The medal is bronze with an image of the globe (centred on the North Pole) surrounded by a wreath of leaves on the front (obverse). The letters 'UN', in capitals, sit above the image of the globe. On the reverse are the words "IN THE SERVICE OF PEACE". This is the same medal design as used for the United Nations Medal.
About the ribbon
The colours of the ribbon for the UNSSM are light blue in the centre and white on the edges, which are the basic colours of the United Nations. These colours represent service in the field under United Nations auspices that was not with a specific peacekeeping operation.
Clasps and Bars
The guidelines for the United Nations Special Service Medal state that a bar with the name of the United Nations Organization or country may be awarded with the United Nations Special Service Medal. To the best of the NZDF's knowledge, only three clasps have actually been created for, or issued with, the United Nations Special Service Medal:
- - the "UNSCOM" clasp for service with the United Nations Special Commission on Iraq (UNSCOM) between 1991 and 1999
- - the "Timor Leste" clasp for service with the United Nations Office in Timor-Leste (UNOTIL) between 20 May 2005 and 30 June 2006; and
- - the "Afghanistan" clasp for service with the United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) since December 2004.
Numerals are not awarded for the UNSSM.
Order of Wear
An example of the position of the United Nations Special Service Medal in the Wearing of Medals in New Zealand Table can be viewed here. The position of wear of the United Nations Special Service Medal for each individual will vary depending on when an individual qualified for the United Nations Special Service Medal. As for Campaign and War medals, United Nations medals are worn in order of the date an individual qualified for each award.
Media statements concerning service by New Zealand personnel on United Nations missions recognised by the United Nations Special Service Medal
- Southern Lebanon
- 7 February 2008 - NZDF commitment to munitions clearance in Lebanon ends
- 30 November 2007 - Stay Safe: EOD Operations in Southern Lebanon
- 3 July 2007 - Defence Team Home from Lebanon
22 June 2007 - New Defence Personnel Bound for Lebanon
- 6 March 2007 - Kiwi Battlefield Clearance Team makes Explosives Progress
- 23 February 2007 - Defence Battlefield Clearance Team get to Work in Lebanon
- 8 February 2007 - Takapuna Man to Lead Defence Team in Lebanon
- 8 February 2007 - Defence to Send Specialist Force to Lebanon
- 15 February 2007 - On the Edge in Iraq - NZ's military advisor with UNAMI
- Mozambique and Sierra Leone
- 30 June 2005 - NZDF Withdraws from Mozambique and Sierra Leone


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This app is aimed specifically at those with macular degeneration, who still can use their sight to read. It greatly helps those who know the technique of eccentric viewing but this method of training vision and practising should be known before using the app. The fact that it has such a simple interface, customizable configuration and audio usage instructions available make it easy to use and if the user has a monitor or a TV they can take advantage of the advantages of this app and read comfortably through a large screen.View description
The MD evReader is a simple iPad app designed to help people with Macular Degeneration (MD) to read e-books when it is combined with the technique of "eccentric viewing". Eccentric vision is when a person attempts to see by making use of their peripheral visual skills instead of the central ones (macular). The app enables the text (of e-pub documents) to be presented horizontally, from right to left, through the screen. The speed and the direction of the text movement may be controlled using a monitoring panel on the iPad screen. The text may be enlarged and presented in very large fonts on a digital screen through an HDMI port (this requires an Apple HDMI adaptor). The reader must fix their gaze in their preferred position of eccentric vision, far from the text, and read the text without moving their eyes. At present, the app cannot show books that are DRM-protected.


The multi-cover persistence of Euclidean balls Given a locally finite X ⊆ ℝd and a radius r ≥ 0, the k-fold cover of X and r consists of all points in ℝd that have k or more points of X within distance r. We consider two filtrations - one in scale obtained by fixing k and increasing r, and the other in depth obtained by fixing r and decreasing k - and we compute the persistence diagrams of both. While standard methods suffice for the filtration in scale, we need novel geometric and topological concepts for the filtration in depth. In particular, we introduce a rhomboid tiling in ℝd+1 whose horizontal integer slices are the order-k Delaunay mosaics of X, and construct a zigzag module from Delaunay mosaics that is isomorphic to the persistence module of the multi-covers. 99 Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik application/pdf


Stride and Step Length Obtained with Inertial Measurement Units during Maximal Sprint Acceleration
Research output: Contribution to JournalArticleAcademicpeer-review
105 Downloads (Pure)
Abstract
During sprint acceleration, step length, step rate, ground contact, and airtime are key variables for coaches to guide the training process and technical development of their athletes. In the field, three of these variables are easily obtained with inertial measurement units (IMUs), but, unfortunately, valid estimates of step length with IMUs currently are limited to low speeds (<50% max). A simple method is proposed here to derive step length during maximal sprint acceleration, using IMUs on both feet and two timing gates only. Mono-exponential velocity-time functions are fitted to the 30-m (split) and 60-m times, which in combination with IMU-derived step durations yield estimates of step length. To validate this approach, sixteen well-trained athletes with IMUs on the insteps of both feet executed two 60-m maximal sprints, starting from a three-point position. As a reference, step lengths were determined from video data. The reference step lengths combined with IMU-derived step durations yielded a time series of step velocity that confirmed the appropriateness of a mono-exponential increase of step velocity (R2 ≥ 0.96). The comparison of estimated step lengths to reference measurements showed no significant difference (p > 0.05) and acceptable agreement (root mean square error, RMSE = 8.0 cm, bias ± Limits of Agreement = -0.15 ± 16 cm). Step length estimations further improved (RMSE = 5.7 cm, -0.16 ± 11 cm) after smoothing the original estimated step lengths with a third order polynomial function (R2 = 0.94 ± 0.04). In conclusion, during maximal sprint acceleration, acceptable estimates of stride and step length were obtained from IMU-derived step times and 30-m (split) and 60-m sprint times.
Original languageEnglish
Article number202
Pages (from-to)1-12
Number of pages12
JournalSports (Basel, Switzerland)
Volume7
Issue number9
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 31 Aug 2019
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- Services & Solutions
- Clients & Partners
Tracking Humans in Crowds
SRI is developing a prototype system to automatically detect and track multiple individuals in a crowd.
Improved understanding of crowd dynamics would mitigate the increasing threat of crowd-related disasters. Under a program for the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, SRI is developing novel solutions for the detection and tracking of humans in crowds. Leveraging its software for the real-time video exploitation and visualization of data, SRI is enhancing its deployed system for real-time, multi-camera tracking to achieve robust performance in crowds.
The new prototype system features several innovative technologies.
- It provides robust human detection with a low false alarm rate in the presence of environmental occlusions, illumination variations, camera shaking, and extraneous motion from foliage, flags, moving vehicles, and other objects.
- The system also offers comprehensive appearance, shape, and motion modeling for robust tracking, even when objects occlude each other, tracks are lost temporarily, and humans change their poses.
- Its architecture enables the maintenance of tracks over wide areas by using geolocations of tracks, object fingerprinting, and dynamic and static occlusion modeling.
The system's core technology is computationally amenable to real-time implementation on commercial-off-the-shelf processors with a frame rate greater than 10 Hertz and a latency of less than 0.25 seconds. In addition, the scalable system architecture can interface with hundreds of cameras.


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How to Delete Excel Sheet in Mac
The user can switch between various spreadsheets from the list mentioned at the bottom of your document.
If the user wants to delete a spreadsheet in the document, you just need right click on the name of the spreadsheet then it will open a menu that contains the list of operations that can be performed on the spreadsheet.
For example, if the user wants to delete Sheet1 from the document.
 1. Click on delete from the menu.
 2. It will prompt a message asking the user to ensure whether he wants to delete the particular spreadsheet. If you are sure about deleting the spreadsheet, then click on OK. Else click on cancel.
 3. Now, once you have clicked on OK, you will see that the sheet is deleted from your document after returning to the document.
How to Delete Excel Sheet in Mac
Deleting a Spreadsheet in Numbers in the mac Operating System
The first step is to locate the spreadsheet in your system. If you don't know where it is located, search the spreadsheet by name in your system.
Then select the spreadsheet and perform either of the following steps:
 1. Drag your spreadsheet in the Bin icon in the Dock.
 2. You can also use Command-Delete on the keyboard.
 3. This will only delete the spreadsheet from that particular location and won't delete it from the system.
 4. To permanently delete the file from the system, the user will have to delete the spreadsheet from the Bin if you want to empty the Bin in the mac OS. Select and hold the Bin icon, then click on Empty Bin.
Deleting a Spreadsheet from the Ribbon Menu
How to Delete Excel Sheet in Mac
Another way of Deleting the Spreadsheet from the document is to use the option available in the MS Excel Ribbon.
 1. You must first open the spreadsheet with MS Excel to use the given method.
 2. From the bottom of the document, click on the sheet and select delete from the pop menu.
 3. When your worksheet is open in the document, then from the topmost ribbon in your MS Excel application, click on the Home tab. Go to the cells section in the tab.
 4. Select the arrow located just below the Delete button. It will open a drop menu. From the list, select Delete Sheet.
 5. If the spreadsheet you are deleting is empty, then MS Excel will delete the spreadsheet directly. Still, if the spreadsheet contains any data in the given spreadsheet, a prompt will appear asking for permission to delete the spreadsheet or not.
 6. Click the delete option in the prompt to delete the given spreadsheet. If you don't want to delete it, click on cancel.
 7. Once you have clicked on delete, you will see that the spreadsheet will be deleted from your document. You can also check the location where the document was previously located.
How to Delete Excel Sheet in Mac
What if the Delete option in your worksheet is Grayed Out
There can be instances where when you want to delete the spreadsheet. But the delete option is grayed out, or you cannot delete the sheet from your workbook. This can happen when your workbook is protected. This will prevent the user from deleting the spreadsheet.
 1. So, if you want to delete the spreadsheet from the workbook, you will need to ensure that the workbook is not protected. To unlock the workbook, the user will have to first use the password to unlock the password.
 2. Once you have unlocked the workbook in your application, use the password. You can remove the password and unlock the workbook by accessing the MS Excel Review tab. Click on Protect Workbook, then enter the password that you used earlier to protect the workbook.
 3. After completing the above step, you can follow the given step to delete the worksheet from your document.
 4. By doing these steps, you can ensure that the MS Excel workbook is not clustered with unnecessary sheets. The above steps will enable the user to remove unused or additional sheets from the workbook.
Note: In your mac OS, if you have enabled the iCloud Drive for your spreadsheet application and if you delete the spreadsheet from the iCloud Drive itself, then it will remove or delete the files from all the linked systems with the same Apple ID.
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The Problem of Lemons and Why We Must Retain Juvenile Crime Records
T. Markus Funk
Government of the United States of America - Department of Justice
Daniel D. Polsby
George Mason University School of Law
Cato Journal, Vol. 18, No. 1 (1998).
Most states, and the federal government, have statutes that "expunge" (destroy or seal) a young offender's record of juvenile delinquency when he reaches age 17 or 18. The justification for this policy is that it allows young men (and young women) who have been guilty of "youthful indiscretions" to enter adulthood without the heavy stigmatic freight of a criminal record. At bottom, expungement laws seek to prevent employers, police officers, and even judges from finding out about a person's criminal activities during his minority. Although a policy that allows for the expungement of isolated or minor acts of juvenile delinquency may not raise some of the problems discussed in this article, many current statutes tend to aggressively expunge records full of serious and repeated criminal conduct. Examining economicst George A. Akerlof's "Market for Lemons," this article will discuss some of the not so obvious negative consequences that result from such expungement schemes, such as an increased likelihood that race and socio-economic background may be improperly relied upon in sentencing.
Accepted Paper Series
Date posted: February 8, 1998
© 2013 Social Science Electronic Publishing, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
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New from Tammy Jones and Leslie Texas – Strategic Journeys for Building Logical Reasoning
Help your students develop logical reasoning and critical thinking skills.
These new books from best-selling authors and popular consultants Tammy Jones and Leslie Texas offers authentic logic-building activities and writing strategies that can be used across all subject areas. Filled with hands-on activities and photocopiable tools, Strategic Journeys will help you guide your students into deeper thinking to go beyond the surface of content to true understanding.
The strategies in this book have been implemented in hundreds of classrooms around the country and have been proven to increase student engagement, promote higher-order thinking and in-depth reasoning, and improve overall achievement.
- Identifying opportunities for students to engage in meaningful and relevant writing across the content areas;
- Introducing a logical reasoning process, questioning structure, and bridging models to allow students to delve deeper into problems;
- Incorporating literature to increase student engagement and make content come alive for your students;
- Building vocabulary and literacy skills through fun activities aimed at increasing proficiency;
- Using the Three Phases of Logical Reasoning to plan lessons effectively, help students reflect on their progress and implement the strategies successfully.
Review for the K-5 book:
"More than ever before, students need to be able to reason and think critically.Strategic Journeys for Building Logical Reasoning, K-5 provides elementary school teachers with a method to teach logical reasoning in a fun and engaging way. The activities provided are tied to literature and stress the connection to writing that is so important with college and career standards. This book will be an asset to any elementary math curriculum."–Melody Collier, Curriculum Coordinator, Dyersburg Intermediate School, Dyersburg, Tennessee
Review for the 6-8 book:
"Coauthor Leslie Texas has worked with our teachers through professional development and coaching to implement many of the strategies in this book. As a result, I've seen a transformation of classroom practice and an increase in student engagement throughout our district's math classrooms. I highly recommend this book."–Angela Harris, Jefferson County Public School Secondary Math Specialist, Louisville, KY
Review for the 9-12 book:
"Jones and Texas deliver another gem. This book is a must-have for teachers. Students will love playing detective with the Hot Air, Cold Body Lesson and teachers will love the opportunities for questioning guidance. The Logical Reasoning Process Tool is genius."–Micahel Brown, Presidential Award Winner for Excellence in Mathematics and Science Teaching


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Watch students respond to the question "Why A Mountain?"
For the last several years, fifth grade students at PS 119 have analyzed an excerpt of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr's last speech in which he speaks about being to the mountain top. The lesson "Why a Mountain?" involves students in discussions focused on Dr. King's use of poetic imagery in his speeches and on the civil rights struggle as they use the mountain as a timeline of famous historic events in the struggle for civil rights. A visiting Service in Schools
intern Ugonna Igweatu, a film student at Yale, who was at the school last year to attend the school's Pajama Program Service Award Ceremony donated his time to create this video of students' poetry written in response to the question "Why A Mountain?"
This story is part of a series to promote the ongoing school-based programs and activities through the Respect For All initiative.


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Advisor(s) - Committee Chair
Rezaul Mahmood (Director), Gregory Goodrich, and Xingang Fan
Department of Geography and Geology
Master of Science
The purpose of this research is to investigate the dispersion of ammonia (NH3) from three Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations (CAFOs) in western Kentucky, as well as to investigate the Weather Research and Forecasting – Chemistry (WRF-Chem) model's sensitivity response to initial NH3 concentrations under both wet conditions (significant precipitation) and dry conditions (no precipitation). As expected, pollutant concentrations generally were significantly higher near their points of origin and generally declined away from the sources. Contrary to expectations, ammonia tended to rise through the planetary boundary layer (PBL) regardless of atmospheric conditions. Results showed modeled NH3 pollution levels at the surface generally to be higher under wet conditions. A GIS-based analysis method was developed to investigate model sensitivity to initial NH3 concentrations. Using this method, it was found that WRF-Chem exhibits an exponential relation between initial NH3 concentration and the final amount of NH3 produced by the model.
Animal Sciences | Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment | Meteorology
Wardall, Austin D., "Dispersion of Ammonia from Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations" (2016). Masters Theses & Specialist Projects. Paper 1727.


text: The Ekhaga Foundation (Sweden) makes grants for research in ecological agriculture and biological medicine.The Foundation's research in agriculture relates to improvement and further development of ecological agriculture. It seeks to encouragne ecologically well-suited agricultural systems where chemical compounds for fertilization and other uses are replaced with ecological and biological measures of promoting production. Further, the Foundation can support research in preparation and storage of food with natural technology.Universities, research institutes, etc., from all over the world are invited to apply, although Ekhaga recommends cooperation with a European institution. Grant seekers can read Ekhaga's guidelines for preparing proposals and budgets. The deadline for pplications is 31 May 2013.


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Essentials of the Soul
Red Jasper is an ancient stone with a long history of healing properties.
- Helps with balance, stamina, courage and strength
- Known as the stone of endurance
- A favored talisman for magicians, scholars
- Connects to Root Chakra
It is also said in the bible that this stone adorned the breastplate of Aaron, the first high priest. It was a stone of Isis and Amazon warriors. Native Americans also have a long history with Red Jasper, turning to it as a way to reignite health and to bring about rebirth.


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Peconic Community School
- School Type: Alternative School
- Grades: Prekindergarten-6
- Students: 105 students
- Yearly Tuition: $16,800
- Average class size: 12 students
- Application Deadline: None / Rolling
Academics and Faculty
Tuition and Acceptance Rate
- The PCS approach begins with a clear, and bold, vision: education should prepare students to change the world. And, students who know how to learn about the world and who know how to care about the world are in the strongest position to initiate and support positive change. Learning to care about the world is a dynamic and courageous process shared by PCS students and educators; it is a process that unfolds in real time, both in our classrooms and in our community.
- Students at Peconic Community School are engaged and inspired by an integrated curriculum that is relevant to their lives, rooted in their place, and responsive to their interests and inquiries.The PCS approach is integrated: academic disciplines are combined in thematic study. Like real-world projects, student work at PCS is multi-faceted, multi-disciplinary, multi-dimensional and purposeful, incorporating elements of math, science, art, literature, and history within a social context.Curriculum at PCS is place based: students at PCS connect to and learn from our unique place, the East End of Long Island. Its natural resources, its communities of professionals and citizens, its culture and history, anchor the threads of our learning to a local context that is meaningful and accessible to students.
- Learning at PCS is project-based: students engage in hands-on, authentic learning experiences that integrate academic disciplines to develop real world problem solving skills. Students tinker, build, write, calculate, draw, and experiment each day with a curriculum that challenges them to think both critically and creatively.Education at PCS is child-centered: flexible curriculum adapts to the diverse and changing learning styles, intellectual interests, and social-emotional development of our students.
Endorse Peconic Community School. Endorsements should be a few sentences in length. Please include any comments on:
- Quality of academic programs, teachers, and facilities
- Availability of music, art, sports and other extracurricular activities
- Academic or athletic awards


When was johnny cash born? When did his brother die?
Johnny Cash was born on February 26, 1932 in Kingsland, AR. His older brother, Jack, died when he was 12 years old.
More Info:
Johnny Cash
John R. "Johnny" Cash (February 26, 1932 – September 12, 2003) was an American singer-songwriter, actor, and author who was considered one of the most influential musicians of the 20th century. Although he is primarily remembered as a country icon, his songs and sound spanned other genres including rock and roll and rockabilly —especially early in his career—and blues, folk, and gospel. This crossover appeal won Cash the rare honor of induction in the Country Music Hall of Fame, the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, and the Gospel Music Hall of Fame.
Cash was known for his deep, distinctive bass-baritone voice, for the "boom-chicka-boom" sound of his Tennessee Three backing band; for a rebelliousness, coupled with an increasingly somber and humble demeanor; for providing free concerts inside prison walls;]page needed[ and for his dark performance clothing, which earned him the nickname "The Man in Black". He traditionally began his concerts with the phrase "Hello, I'm Johnny Cash.", followed by his standard "Folsom Prison Blues".
Country music
Country music is a genre of American popular music that originated in the rural regions of the Southern United States in the 1920s. It takes its roots from the southeastern genre of American folk music and Western music. Blues modes have been used extensively throughout its recorded history. Country music often consists of ballads and dance tunes with generally simple forms and harmonies accompanied by mostly string instruments such as banjos, electric and acoustic guitars, fiddles, and harmonicas.
The Grammy Legend Award, or the Grammy Living Legend Award, is a special award of merit given to recording artists by the Grammy Awards, a ceremony that was established in 1958 and originally called the Gramophone Awards. Honors in several categories are presented at the ceremony annually by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences of the United States for outstanding achievements in the music industry.
The first Grammy Legend Awards were issued in 1990 to Andrew Lloyd Webber, Liza Minnelli, Smokey Robinson and Willie Nelson. The honor was inaugurated to recognize "ongoing contributions and influence in the recording field". The next year four more musicians (Aretha Franklin, Billy Joel, Johnny Cash and Quincy Jones) were acknowledged with Grammy Legend Awards. The award was given to Barbra Streisand in 1992 and Michael Jackson in 1993.
Pine Bluff metropolitan area
The Pine Bluff Metropolitan Statistical Area, as defined by the United States Census Bureau, is a three-county region in southeast Arkansas, anchored by the city of Pine Bluff. As of the 2010 census, the MSA had a population of 100,258. It is also a component of the larger Little Rock-North Little Rock, AR Combined Statistical Area.
United States
Kingsland, Arkansas
Kingsland is a city in Cleveland County, Arkansas, United States. Its population was 447 at the 2010 U.S. census. It is included in the Pine Bluff, Arkansas Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is famous as the birthplace of Johnny Cash.
June Carter Cash
Valerie June Carter Cash (June 23, 1929 – May 15, 2003) was an American singer, dancer, songwriter, actress, comedian and author who was a member of the Carter Family and the second wife of singer Johnny Cash. She played the guitar, banjo, harmonica and autoharp, and acted in several films and television shows. Carter Cash was inducted into the Christian Music Hall of Fame in 2009. She was ranked No. 31 in CMT's 40 Greatest Women in Country Music in 2002.
Johnny Horton
John Gale "Johnny" Horton (April 30, 1925 – November 5, 1960) was an American country music and rockabilly singer most famous for his semi-folk, so-called "saga songs" which began the "historical ballad" craze of the late 1950s and early 1960s. With them, he had several major successes, most notably in 1959 with the song "The Battle of New Orleans" (written by Jimmy Driftwood), which was awarded the 1960 Grammy Award for Best Country & Western Recording. The song was awarded the Grammy Hall of Fame Award, and in 2001 ranked No. 333 of the Recording Industry Association of America's "Songs of the Century". His first hit, a number #1 was in 1959, with When It's Springtime in Alaska (It's Forty Below)
During 1960, Horton had two other successes with "North to Alaska" for John Wayne's movie, North to Alaska, and "Sink the Bismarck". Horton is a member of the Rockabilly Hall of Fame and the Louisiana Music Hall of Fame
Human Interest
Law Crime Kingsland Arkansas Jack
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- Chakra Number:
- 7: The number of the Crown Chakra "Sahasrara"
Violet is the color of the crown chakra and it is the color of cosmic awareness and cosmic consciousness. It is a unifying color, the color of oneness and spirituality. The energy of this color is very healing and can soothe away pain. Learn more about this powerful spiritual color.
- Color meaning:
The color violet relates to the imagination and spirituality. It stimulates the imagination and inspires high ideals. It is an introspective color, allowing us to get in touch with our deeper thoughts. The difference between violet and purple is that violet appears in the visible light spectrum, or rainbow, whereas purple is simply a mix of red and blue. Violet has the highest vibration in the visible spectrum.