Marketplace: Doing Business in Afghanistan
This lesson printed from:
Posted February 26, 2009
Standards: 2, 4, 14, 15, 16
Grades: 6-8, 9-12
Author: Council for Economic Education Technology Staff
Posted: February 26, 2009
Updated: April 10, 2014
Benefit, Choice, Costs, Costs of Production, Economic Growth, Entrepreneur, Externalities, Incentive, Investment, Public Goods, Role of Government, Trade-off
 - Describe devastated infrastructure of Afghanistan.
 - Explain the role of infrastructure in fostering economic growth.
 - Explain why entrepreneurs may choose not to do business in Afghanistan, despite the many opportunities it offers.
 - Assess prospects for reconstruction in Afghanistan by reference to the role of stable government, rule of law, private property and infrastructure.
[Note to teacher: The following link requires RealPlayer _URL_
Activity 1
(Have the students listen to the Marketplace audio file about doing business in Afghanistan. As they listen they will complete an outline of important information presented in the audio. Then they will use their outlines to answer both factual and evaluative questions about economic concepts addressed in the audio.)
Provide the following instructions: Listen to the Marketplace audio file about doing business in Afghanistan: _URL_ timestamp 8:39. While you are listening, use the note-taker to find supporting details about main ideas. These are the four main ideas you will focus on today:
 1. Devastated Infrastructure in Afghanistan
 2. Foreign Investment Obstacles
 3. Local Investment Obstacles
 4. Traveler and Visitor Obstacles
As you listen to the audio, make a note of any words which you don't know, or words that may be important economic terms. Then listen to the audio file again to gather additional supporting details and possible definitions of the vocabulary words you have noted, using context clues, and record the additional information in your note-taker. Finally, you will be asked a series of questions related to the audio.
Marketplace Questions and Answers: Outline: Using the note-taker, students will identify:
 - Devastated Infrastructure in Afghanistan
 - Foreign Investment Obstacles
 - Local Investment Obstacles
 - Traveler and Visitor Obstacles
 1. What is the commercial capital of Afghanistan?
 a) Kabul
 b) Mazar-e-Shariff
 c) Kandahar
 d) Herat [correct]
 2. The audio states that New York City is the commercial capital of the United States. How do you think New York earned that title?
 [Possible answers: New York has one of the largest natural ports in the country, it has been a trading center since the Colonial era, it has one of the largest stock markets, etc.]
 3. How much money is collected daily in the form of import taxes in Herat?
 a) $250
 b) $2,500
 c) $25,000
 d) $250,000 [correct]
 4. Which improvement in the infrastructure would be most effective in improving the economy of Afghanistan? Why?
 [Possible answers: the development of utilities; unless these basic needs can be met, investors will not come to Afghanistan and businesses will not be able to thrive there.]
 5. Based on the experience of Borzou Daragahi, do you think now is a good time to travel to Afghanistan? How would you describe traveling in Afghanistan to a friend who was considering taking a trip there?
 a) Afghanistan is incredibly dangerous and travel there should be illegal.
 b) Afghanistan is economically devastated and travel is unpleasant and somewhat dangerous, at best. [correct]
 c) Travel in Afghanistan is no worse than travel to New York.
 d) Now is an excellent time to travel to Afghanistan because you can find some excellent travel bargains.
 6. Would you consider establishing a business in Herat? Why or why not?
 [Possible answers: No, because the standard of living is too extreme-- no utilities, no night life, security concerns. Yes, because there is such a need for businesses that success is probable; one can survive under such conditions with the hope of improving them. Much would depend upon circumstances related to the rule of law, legal contracts, stable currency, and private property.]
Activity 2
capitalWould you do business in Afghanistan? Because of the great need, there are many business opportunities in Afghanistanfor example, in education, construction, telecommunications, security, transportation services, and many other private goods and services.
1. What type of business do you think might have the best chance of success? [Security: this may attract future investors to come to Afghanistan; construction: with better roads and bridges it will be easier for foreigners to travel within the country; education: this is essential for Afghanistan's long-term improvement.]
2. What are the major economic risks of doing business in Afghanistan? [Business contracts mean nothing; fraud is rampant; you and your business are not safe; working conditions are poor; investors are hard to find.]
3. What are the major personal risks of doing business in Afghanistan? [Lack of security; lack of amenities; particular difficulties for women because of traditional Afghan culture.]
4. What or who would you need to help you start a business there? [Translators, security, advisors, assurances about contracts, the rule of law, private property, etc.]
5. Why would an entrepreneur choose to start a business in Afghanistan? [There is so much need in Afghanistan that there would be very little competition.]
6. Entrepreneurs always weigh risks and potential profits. Do the risks outweigh the profits in this case? [Answers will vary.]
1. Have the students hand in their note-takers. Student work in the note-takers should reflect an understanding of the decisions that entrepreneurs must make in order to weigh risks and potential profits.
2. Have the students discuss their ideas for Activity 2, working in groups, and hand in what they have recorded. Move around the room while the students are discussing Activity 2. Listen for an understanding of business decisions and how investors might weigh the risks and potential profits that would come with starting businesses.
The students also should be able to identify at least three obstacles preventing foreign investors from helping the economy in Afghanistan.
1. Have the students further explore the role of the entrepreneur in Business Ownership: How Sweet It Can Be and The Entrepreneur In You


text:
Kintu created the kingdom of Buganda by forcefully taking over the five clans that lived in the region. To signify his victory over a clan, he would sleep in the conquered leader's home; tradition says that Buganda was the name of the first house that he slept in after his victory over Bemba and his tribe. Buganda was later used to refer to the entire area he subdued.
Kintu Kato is not to be confused with Kintu, the first person on the earth according to Buganda legend. Kato Kintu gave himself the name Kintu, a name that he knew the Baganda associated with the father of all people.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Popular Science Magazine online just featured an article today regarding current Pyrex and why the glass is not as heat resistant as it used to be, thus more prone to shattering with drastic change in temperature. Old Pyrex used to made from borosilicate glass but now it's made from soda lime glass. Soda lime glass is actually stronger than borosilicate glass though less resistant to heat. It's considered stronger because it's less resistant to shattering upon dropping. Interestingly, US Pyrex is the only one that made the switch to soda lime. England, for example, still uses borosilicate.
They Sure Don't Make Pyrex Like They Used to
Another interesting fact: Apparently, Pyrex used to be utilized in the illegal production of crack cocaine but, in 1998 when they sold Pyrex to World Kitchen and they changed the components of the glass, it became more difficult for dealers and makers to make crack! They had to go and buy Pyrex science glassware which is still made the old way.
Enjoy your weekends!

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
Present danger can occur at anytime throughout the life of a case and must be assessed on a continual basis. A determination must be made if immediate protective actions are necessary to protect a child and the level of intervention required to keep the child safe.
- Assess if present danger exists during any contact with a child to determine if an immediate, significant and clearly observable behavior or situation is actively occurring and is threatening or dangerous to a child.
- When present danger exists, identify and take immediate protective action(s) necessary to create child safety.
- When assessing Present Danger in a Family Assessment Response case. Document present danger and protective actions through the Present Danger Assessment at least once during service delivery.
- In all other programs, document all protective actions taken to manage or control present danger in a FamLink case note using the protective action activity code or through completion of the Present Danger Assessment.
- When children in DCYF care and custody are determined to be in present danger in licensed or unlicensed care, children are removed from that placement. Notify intake per the Intake Process and Response policy.
When Children are In Danger - article
Comparing and Understanding the Differences: Risk of Maltreatment, Present Danger, Impending Danger - article

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Water reuse in hydroponic systems: A realistic future scenario for Germany?
Facts and evidence gained during a transdisciplinary research project
The HypoWave transdisciplinary research project investigated the innovation of water reuse in a hydroponic system, focusing on its applicability in Germany. The methods applied were the operation of a pilot plant for the appropriate treatment and subsequent reuse of water in a hydroponic system, expert interviews, feasibility studies, an impact assessment and a stakeholder dialogue. To identify the concept's advantages and disadvantages, publications specialising in the various disciplines involved and meeting protocols were analysed and the results grouped together in a SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats) analysis. This revealed that the system has potential for application in Germany subject to certain requirements being met, such as suitable local wastewater treatment conditions and actors looking for new business opportunities within agricultural production. This system is not recommended for the country as a whole, but it does offer an interesting alternative for locations that meet the appropriate conditions. Nevertheless, additional efforts and knowledge are required to promote and operate a new system of this kind. These include the reliable supply of irrigation water with guaranteed plant nutrition, comprehensive quality management to manage potential risks, a good understanding of the cooperation arrangements required and a more detailed examination of energy aspects.


Microsoft released qchain.exe in 2001. This utility, which works with Windows 2000 and Windows NT, lets you chain hotfixes (i.e., install multiple hotfixes one after another without having to reboot in between). In the past, chaining was difficult because you had to install fixes in a specific order so that the update procedure wouldn't overwrite new system files with earlier versions. The problem with chaining was that the last hotfix applied "won." To address that problem, Qchain manages the file-replacement process by recording files in the registry's Pending File Rename queue. Qchain analyzes the contents of the Pending File Rename subkey and applies only the most current version of the files of all applied patches.
Listing A shows sample code that illustrates how to use Qchain in a script to deploy hotfixes. The first three lines of the sample script apply three hotfixes. The -z switch applies the hotfix without rebooting; -m applies the hotfix in unattended mode, without administrative intervention; and -q applies the hotfix in quiet mode, hiding the extract and copy actions that take place. If you're applying patches manually, you might want to leave out the -q switch to view the progress of the hotfix.
The fourth line in the script runs Qchain and specifies a file in which to log Qchain's results. The sample code puts the log file in the Logs directory on a server named Fschicago and specifies a unique filename based on the computer name and the date the script ran. Because you're likely to run Qchain at a later date, a unique log name prevents you from overwriting older logs. Finally, the Shutdown utility (from the Microsoft Windows 2000 Server Resource Kit or the Microsoft Windows NT Server Resource Kit) performs a local reboot of the machine by using the /l and /r switches. The /l switch performs a logoff; the /r switch performs a clean shutdown and a restart.


text:
Proposed is a novel approach based on independent component analysis (ICA) for speckle reduction and target extraction of SAR (synthetic aperture radar) images using adaptive space separation with weighted information entropy incorporated. First the basis and the independent components are respectively obtained by ICA technique, and Weighted Information Entropy of the image is computed, then based on the threshold computed from function T-WIE (Threshold VS.
Weighted-Information-Entropy), independent components are adaptively separated and the basis are classified accordingly. Thus, the image space is separated into two subspaces -'clean' and 'noise'. Then, a proposed nonlinear operator 'ABO' is applied on each component of the 'clean' subspace for further optimization. Finally, recovery image is obtained reconstructing this subspace and target is easily extracted with binarisation. Note that here T-WIE is an interpolated function based on several representative target SAR images using proposed space separation algorithm.


Why South Koreans are two years older at home than they are abroad
Lee Dong Kil's daughter Lee Yoon Seol celebrates the 100th day of her birth in Daejeon, South Korea Credit: Ahn Young-joon/AP
People living in South Korea have two ages - but that could be set to change.
A politician in the ultra-modern Asian country is working to overturn a centuries-old tradition which sees babies become one-year-old on the day of their birth - and then get an additional year tacked on when the calendar hits January 1.
The move comes amid complaints the system is an anachronistic, time-wasting custom which drags down an otherwise forward thinking nation.
For parents whose babies are born in December, it can be especially painful.
One hour after his daughter's birth in the central city of Daejeon at 10pm on December 31 of last year, Lee Dong Kil posted the news on social media.
Lee Dong Kil holds his daughter Lee Yoon Seol as his wife Ryu Da Gyeong sits at their house in Daejeon Credit: Ahn Young-joon/AP
His friends immediately showered him with congratulatory messages.
"An hour later, when the new year began, they phoned me again to say congratulations for my baby becoming two years old," said Mr Lee, who is 32 internationally but 34 in South Korea.
"I thought, 'Ah, right. She's now two years old, though it's been only two hours since she was born. What the heck!'"
 - Why does South Korea use the strange age system?
The origins of the traditional age reckoning system are not clear.
Being one-year-old at birth may be linked to the time a baby spends in its mothers' womb or to an ancient Asian numerical system that did not have the concept of zero.
Becoming a year older on January 1 is even harder to explain.
It could be that ancient Koreans cared a lot about the year in which they were born in the Chinese 60-year cycle but, without regular calendars, did not care much about the specific day they were born; so they mostly ignored the day of their birth and instead marked another year of age on the day of the Lunar New Year, according to senior curator Jung Yonhak, at the National Folk Museum of Korea.
This may have then shifted to the solar new year on January 1 as the South began embracing the Western calendar.
 - Is South Korea the only country to use the system?
South Koreans use the system in daily life - including when it comes to dating. Credit: AP
Perhaps unsurprisingly, yes.
Neighbouring North Korea uses the Western age calculating system, but they have a twist: they follow their own calendar based on the birth of national founder and president-for-life Kim Il Sung.
The year of your birth is still incredibly important in South Korea and lumps linked children together for life, for example through education.
Other Asian countries, including Japan and Vietnam, abandoned the Chinese-style age system amid an influx of Western culture.
Officially, South Korea has used Western-style calculations since the early 1960s.
But its citizens still embrace the old-fashioned system in their daily lives because the government has done little to get people to change over to the Western style.
Most South Koreans are simply accustomed to living with two ages.
Read more: 'New significant technical issues' found in Huawei technology
Lee Dong Kil with his wife and daughter Credit: Ahn Young-joon/AP
 - How do people celebrate the anniversary of their birth?
People do not hold massive joint birthday parties on New Year's Day; they just celebrate their birthday on the days they were born.
Young people consider themselves another year old on solar New Year's Day (January 1) while older people often use the Lunar New Year's Day.
Many family restaurants do not charge babies if they are 36 months old or younger, so parents often calculate their babies' ages under the Western method when they are dining out.
Some South Koreans still worry that the practice makes their nation look odd on the international stage.
Read more: South Korea and US to end springtime military drills to back diplomacy
South Korean women in traditional attire in the nation's capital, Seoul. Credit: AP
 - What does it mean for people from abroad?
Many foreign journalists in Seoul ask Koreans what year and month they were born to calculate their Western age for news stories.
There are also some who say the concept of "Korean age" encourages a fixation on age-based social standing in this seniority-based country.
In South Korea, those born in the same year often treat each other as equals, while people must use honorific titles to address those born earlier, rather than directly using their names.
Ahn Chang-gun, from the south-eastern city of Gimhae, said he felt "empty" when his first child became two on January 1 2013, about two weeks after his wife delivered him after eight years of marriage.
"He was this precious baby that we finally had, but I felt that all of a sudden two years had just gone by and yet I hadn't done anything for my baby," said Mr Ahn.
Read more: Thousands angle for glory at South Korean ice fishing festival
Seo Hyo Sun was upset when her baby was born early and became two just 48 hours later/ Credit: Lee Jin-man/AP
Parents whose babies are born in December often worry about their children falling behind others born earlier in the same year, though worries gradually disappear as their children age.
When Seo Hyo Sun, from Buchon, just west of Seoul, was taken to hospital to get a caesarean section on December 29, she could not stop weeping because her baby's due date was supposed to be January 7.
"Tears kept flowing. … My doctor told me the baby wanted to come out today so let's just celebrate," said Ms Seo, 31 in international age.
"When I awoke from my anaesthesia, I felt really grateful … because my baby was born healthy. That was enough."
 - How is South Korea planning to change the age system?
In January, politician Hwang Ju-hong tabled a bill aimed at requiring the government to put international ages in official documents and encouraging citizens to go with their international ages in everyday life.
It is the first legislative attempt to abolish "Korean age".
"It is aimed at resolving confusion and inefficiency caused by the mixed use of age-counting systems," Hwang said in the proposed legislation.
Hwang's office said a parliamentary committee discussion and a public hearing on the issue are expected in coming months.
Choi Min Kyung says the age system isn't such a bad thing after all. Credit: Ahn Young-joon/AP
Surveys in recent years showed more South Koreans supported international age though it was not clear how seriously they wanted a change.
"If we use international age, things could get more complicated because it's a society that cares so much about which year you were born," said Lim KyoungJae, 46, head of the Seoul-based Miko Travel agency.
"We should also definitely count the time of a baby being conceived and growing in its mother's womb."
Mr Lim's employee Choi Min Kyung, who is 26 internationally and 28 in South Korea, disagreed.
"It's good to be two years younger … (especially) when you meet men" on blind dates, Ms Choi said with a laugh.
"There is a big difference between 26 and 28."


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An advanced analytics optimization application for reviewing grant applications developed for funding competitions conducted by a leading Health Research institute
Client: The Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) is Canada's premier federal agency for health research. CIHR operates with a mission to create scientific awareness, knowledge translation and effective health care products and services for the Canadian healthcare system.
Challenge: CIHR conducts research funding competitions multiple times a year. During the competition, the management of research papers, its assignment to the right reviewers and paper re-assessment was being carried out manually. CIHR needed consultancy services to automate these processes for assistance in getting optimized results with no room for errors. A tool was required to design and build a flexible advanced analytics model for grant application reviewer assignments. SSI performed a detailed analysis of the challenge and proposed a dual-phase mathematical model as a solution for the funding competition delivery process.
Solution: SSI developed an application for the optimization of CIHR's grant application reviewer assignment. The model consisted of two phases:
- The first phase involved the assignment of applications to the right reviewers based on their competency and ability to state conflicts and reviews.
- The second phase involved the re-assignment of these applications to the right individuals for peer-reviews after the reviews (and comments) from the first-phase responses were received.
The following rules were applied to the model to resolve constraints identified before the automation of the whole process.
- English applications have to be reviewed by English reviewers and French applications have to be assigned to reviewers with the ability to review in French.
- Reviewers are excluded based on the defined criteria (for example, reviewers cannot be assigned to their own application)
- Assignments are not granted where the minimum suitability threshold is not met.
- The number of reviewers assigned to each application has to be greater than, equal to, or lesser than the associated minimum or maximum input respectively.
- The number of applications assigned to each reviewer has to be greater than, equal to or lesser than the associated minimum or maximum inputs respectively.
Implementation of these rules did not only resolve the constraints but also helped in managing the whole assignment process more efficiently and effectively.
Result: With the introduction of an application with a scoring model that took into account, multiple limitations and variables allowed CIHR to make its research funding process efficient, accurate and transparent. It allowed the CIHR team to reduce the number of man-hours needed to manage each funding project.


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Elementary School Students To Learn about Nursing, Nutrition, Exercise and Hygiene
AUSTIN, Texas— Sixth graders from Zavala Elementary School will learn how germs can spread, the value of exercise and watch blood pressure and heart rates being monitored on simulation mannequins during a Jan. 30 event at The University of Texas at Austin School of Nursing.
The program, called the Longhorn School Bus, will be held from 10 a.m. to 1 p.m. at the School of Nursing, 1710 Red River St. Longhorn School Bus won first place last year for the National Student Nurses Association's best breakthrough to nursing project.
The children will rotate through various "Eat Right, Hygiene, Get Fit and Have Fun, Organs and Nurses are No. 1" activities. In Eat Right, the children will learn about nutrition by making ants on a log with celery, apple butter and raisins. They will learn how to properly wash their hands and how germs can spread in the hygiene activity.
The elementary school students also will learn how exercise can be fun and about the different organs of their bodies in an organ toss through "Organ Man," a mannequin with holes cut out of his middle. In Nurses are No.1, the children will learn that anyone can be nurse.
They also will tour the school's simulation laboratory, an environment where nursing students practice and demonstrate nursing skills. The simulation lab has three rooms with six patient units that include equipment such as IV poles, simulated oxygen and suction. Five computerized simulation mannequins, including a newborn infant, have software that provide physiologic responses like change in heart rate, blood pressure, heart tones, murmurs, breath sounds, bowel sounds and full vocalizations.


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April 09, 2008
JACKSON, Wyo., April 8, 2008 /PRNewswire/ -- Building green may be all the rage, but for Tom Ward you might say the challenge is building brown -- and literally, from the ground up. The architect-inventor holds the patent to EarthWall, a seismically-stable rammed earth construction process for sustainable building. The main component of EarthWall? It's clean, natural and available in abundance: plain old dirt.
Watching the six o'clock news one evening in 1999, Ward recognized an opportunity to save lives. During coverage of the aftermath of an earthquake in Turkey, the Wyoming architect noticed that some of the homes -- those built from the region's indigenous rammed earth technique -- sustained less damage than the structures built with more modern methods. Ward wondered how the ages-old technique might be made more stable -- eventually developing an innovative method of stabilizing the earthen walls with reinforced steel rods in a "rational structural post tensioning system" -- that effectively creates earthquake resistance in rammed earth structures.
A principal in Ward + Blake Architects, the Jackson, Wyoming architect pursued the idea and his brainstorm held up in tests performed by the University of Wyoming's Civil Engineering Department as the first seismically stable rammed earth wall. In 2006, he received a patent on the eco-friendly building system that could help people in Third World countries construct earthquake-resistant homes. His innovative new-yet-old building technology -- with the potential for worldwide application -- won Ward + Blake a Newton Foundation research grant.
"Fifty percent of the world's population lives in earthen houses, many of them in seismically active parts of the world," says Ward. "This strong, low-tech method could allow for the rebuilding of structures in areas ravaged by earthquakes -- or even for replacing existing structures to prevent future damage-without resorting to expensive, culturally foreign building systems."
"The aspect that is most exciting to me," Ward adds, "is the potential for the worldwide application of EarthWall. Perhaps if the process is one day adopted in Third World countries, it will save not only homes from collapsing -- but lives as well."


text: Corona electric discharge phenomenon occurs when the electric field intensity exceeds the corona threshold. In the analysis of this paper, three types of hypotheses of partial charge (electrons, positive ions, negative ions) generated in the air due to corona electrical discharge are considered. The physical process is produced along with the changes and dynamics of the electric charge applied to the field by the charge movement which has velocity due to electric fields and motion due to slope (diffusion) and we will also see losses in electric charge. In this paper, electric load evaluation on a polymer surface by a positive impact corona in the air was performed. Output (circuit current) and input (electric fields and electric charge space density) are considered in computer simulation analysis. Different models have been used to identify the corona, depending on the intensity and extent of the voltage surges. The dynamics and distribution of electric charges and electric fields are analyzed and compared by two models of corona charging (glow and burst impulse).


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4th StarTree General Assembly Meeting Report
More than 50 participants attended 4th StarTree General Assembly (GA) meeting. The three‐day meeting was held in the historic Stift Neuberg in the village of Neuberg an der Mürz. Neuberg is placed in the heart of the Styrian Case Study region in the South-Eastern part of Austria, which enabled close and fruitful interaction with regional stakeholders in the project.
The first day of the meeting consisted of work package (WP) parallel sessions and a session regarding the status of State of the Sector Report, in which preliminary results by WP leaders were presented. Furthermore, a session on in-depth case studies and action research was held, where general instruction was given and parallel group discussions were held.
In the evening, participants enjoyed a traditional dinner at Anni Holzers Inn with local music.
The field visit on Day 2 included a session on "Cooking from the Meadow" with Renate Dobrovolny, a local expert on herbs, where participants were encouraged to pick wild flowers and herbs to make a smoothie and a herb salt mix. Styria Nature Parks facilitates such events and activities to promote interaction with nature and environmental education, an alternative "product" to come out of the forests there.
Additionally, StarTree participants visited an organic Christmas tree plantation, run by family farm Reisinger. Christmas tree production is an important aspect of the forest economy in a region which is, nevertheless, dominated by the timber industry. Read more here.
The "Market Place" and Knowledge Exchange Event has become one of the cornerstones of the StarTree General Assembly meeting. The "Market Place" facilitates the exchange of knowledge and experiences between science and practice. Strong collaboration with members of the Styrian Regional Stakeholder Group and the Austrian GA organising committee facilitated a truly excellent Market Place in Styria. Furthermore, the event was not simply a presentation of the varied local products to come out of Styrian forests but rather also to provide the opportunity for mutually beneficial dialogue and discussion between the regional representatives and the project consortium partners.
At the end of this second day a special Styrian dinner with products from the region, including Non Wood Forest Products, was organised at the Gasthof Hubert Holzer, whose environment and hosts perfectly reflect the spirit of the region.
On the whole, significant progress was made on all work packages over the course of the meeting, which are now moving from the initial data collection phase into in‐depth case studies and data analysis. Some preliminary results were shared which will soon be available for further dissemination.
(Photographer for all pictures: Ivana Zivojinovic, EFICEEC)


List Box
This is the most basic object on the screen. It contains a list of all the possible values of a specific field. In a list box you often make selections, and look at logical connections and implications.
A list box may also contain a cyclic or drill-down group. If a drill-down group is used, selecting a single value in the list box will cause the list box to drill down and switch to the next underlying field in the group. Drilling back up can be accomplished by clicking the drill-up icon in the list box caption.
If a cyclic group is assigned to a list box it can be made to show the next field in the group by clicking on the cycle icon that appears in the list box caption. It is also possible to go directly to any field in the group by using the Cycle-> option on the list box object menu.
List Box: Object Menu
The object menu can be opened as a context menu by right-clicking on a sheet object, or by clicking the icon in the object caption (if shown).
The commands in the menu may vary depending on whether WebView is used from inside QlikView or opening the document in a web browser. The menu contains the following commands:
Properties...
Opens the Properties dialog for the active sheet object.
Notes
Allows creating and sharing notes about the current object.
See: Notes and Comments
Search Opens the text search box.
Fuzzy Search Opens the text search in fuzzy search mode.
Select Possible
All non-excluded values in the sheet object are selected.
Select Excluded
All excluded values in the sheet object are selected.
Select All
All values in the sheet object are selected.
Clear
Clears all the current selections in the active sheet object. Clicking on the icon in the object caption (if shown) produces the same result.
Clear Other Fields
Clears the selections in all the other sheet objects, while maintaining the ones in the currently active sheet object.
Lock
Locks the selected value(s) in the active sheet object. (Unavailable if no selections have been made).
Unlock
Unlocks the locked value(s) in the active sheet object. (Appears instead of Lock if selections have been locked).
Copy
Copies the selected sheet object(s) to the clipboard. This function only copies sheet objects, not data or images.
Print...
Opens the selected sheet object(s) in tabular format in another browser window. Clicking on the icon in the object caption (if shown) produces the same result.
Send to Excel
Exports possible (including selected) values to Microsoft Excel, which is automatically launched if not already running. The exported values will appear as one column in a new Excel worksheet. For this functionality to work Microsoft Excel 97 or later must be installed on the computer. Clicking on the icon in the object caption (if shown) produces the same result.
Export...
Opens the Save as dialog where path, file name and (table) file type for the exported data content can be specified.
Delete
Removes the selected object from the sheet.
List Box Properties
The Properties dialog is opened by selecting Properties from the Object menu. If the Properties command is dimmed, you probably do not have the privileges necessary to perform property changes.
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text:
How interesting can a list be? In Eco's hands, quite thrilling, and if you're a fan of his writing you'll know that he likes using lists in his novels.
Here he brings his fascination with catalogues together in a thick, glossy treasure that combs literature from Homer to Pablo Neruda, and James Joyce to Patrick Süskind to present the reader with an astounding number of "practical and poetic lists". There are lists of angels and demons, the type of people who drink, the smells of Paris in the 18th century, ingredients for witches' brew, the names of alchemical prima materia, and, well, etcetera – a word that here comes into its full meaning.
There are also "visual lists" – a great number of paintings which give form to the sense of infinities of things. Who can tire of such a catalogue? – Karin Schimke
The Inifinity of Lists
REVIEW: Karin Schimke


FIFA task force requests stronger sanctions against racism and discrimination
© Foto-net
The newly created FIFA Task Force Against Racism and Discrimination, chaired by FIFA Vice-President and CONCACAF President Jeffrey Webb, held its first meeting today at the Home of FIFA in Zurich. In this first session, the debates focused on the application of sanctions in cases of racist and discriminative acts, specifically studying the proposal to uniformly implement the sanctions that already exist in the FIFA regulations in a stronger and more consistent manner.
The task force made the following proposals, which will be included in a draft resolution to be presented at the FIFA Congress in Mauritius at the end of May:
- Firstly, having an official at the stadium who would identify potential acts of discrimination with the aim of easing the pressure on referees and facilitating the availability of evidence, which is not always easy to obtain, for the disciplinary committees to take decisions;
- Secondly, applying sanctions in two stages, with a list of applicable sanctions for a first or a minor offence, such as a warning, a fine, or the playing of a match behind closed doors, and a list of stronger sanctions for reoffenders or for serious incidents, such as point deductions, expulsion from a competition, or relegation;
- Thirdly, emphasis on the responsibility of member associations and clubs for the actions of their players, officials and supporters, and on the need to implement the existing sanctions in a harmonised way across all confederations, member associations and leagues, with a proposal to request that clubs and member associations provide a concrete action plan showing their intention to fight any forms of racism and discrimination among their supporters.
"We have a special responsibility in the way we can impact football and society," said Webb during his opening remarks. "One of the opportunities this task force has is its vast reach throughout FIFA's 209 member associations, where we can implement the resolutions in every region and every country where football is played, bringing universality to the mechanisms that combat racism and discrimination."
The following people took part in today's meeting, which was opened by FIFA President Joseph S. Blatter: Jeffrey Webb (FIFA Vice-President, President of CONCACAF); Darren Bailey (Director of The Football Association's Football Governance and Regulation) who was representing David Bernstein, President of The FA, for this session; Yury Boychenko (Chief of the Anti-Discrimination Section at the United Nations Human Rights Office of the High Commissioner) who was replacing the High Commissioner for Human Rights, Navanethem PILLAY; Serey Die (Ivory Coast player at FC Basel); Gianni Merlo (AIPS President); Marcel Mathier (Outgoing chairman of the FIFA Disciplinary Committee); Osasu Obayiuwana (Associate Editor of New African Magazine); Piara Powar (CEO of FARE); Theo van Seggelen (FIFPro Secretary General); Claudio Sulser (Incoming chairman of the FIFA Disciplinary Committee); Howard Webb (FIFA Referee); Véron Mosengo-Omba (UEFA); Dr Thomas Partl (UEFA). The players Jozy Altidore and Kevin-Prince Boateng, who had obligations with their respective clubs, were excused for this first session of the task force.
It should be noted that this is still an open list and additional members may be included in the task force in the future.


Danone Font Vella
How Danone encouraged children to drink more water by making it fun.
1. What is the observed insight?
A pioneer study carried out in Spain reveals that children and adolescents do not drink enough water. 87% of them do not comply with EFSA's recommendations that children aged 4 to 8 years should drink 1.6l, while those aged 9-13 years should drink 1.9l daily.*
2. The Nudge
Font Vella Kids is specifically designed for boys and girls between 4 and 11 years old. In this context, we developed a 33cl natural mineral water bottle with an attractive design shaped and branded with children's favorite Disney characters.
It has a playful design to encourage children to drink natural mineral water on a regular basis and is adapted to their needs with an ergonomic design that can be handed comfortably.
3. Evidence path
Font Vella Disney children's bottles have reached 2 millions of homes, with a 16.9% increase in the children's segment category. Consumers' great interest in this product is due to the design of these bottles which makes the experience of drinking natural mineral water for children more attractive and creates the habit of a healthy hydration.
* EFSA. Scientific Opinion on Dietary Reference Values for water. EFSA J. 2010 8 :1459 _URL_


Home >Rituals >
Atone Ritual 4
Uncommon Abjuration
Cast 1 day; Cost rare incense and offerings worth a total value of 20 gp × the target's level; Secondary Casters 1, must be the ritual's target
Primary Check Nature or Religion (expert); Secondary Checks Nature or Religion (whichever is used for the primary check)
Range 10 feet; Targets another creature of up to 8th level who is a worshiper of the same deity or philosophy as you
You attempt to help a truly penitent creature atone for its misdeeds, typically actions contrary to your deity's alignment or anathema to your deity. If the creature isn't truly penitent, the outcome is always a critical failure. This ritual uses Nature if the target is a druid, and Religion in all other cases.
 - Critical Success The creature receives absolution for its misdeeds, allowing it to regain standing with your deity. It returns to its previous alignment (if its alignment shifted) and regains any abilities it lost. Before the atonement is complete, the creature must perform a special quest or other task chosen by your deity, as befits its misdeeds. If completed during downtime, this task should take no less than 1 month. For 1 month, the target receives divine insight just before performing an act that would be anathema to your deity or contrary to your deity's alignment.
 - Success As critical success, but the creature gains no special insight regarding its subsequent actions.
 - Failure The creature does not receive absolution and must continue to meditate and redress its misdeeds. Any future atone rituals for the same misdeeds cost half as much and gain a +4 circumstance bonus to primary and secondary checks.
 - Critical Failure The creature offends your deity and is permanently cast out from the faith. The creature can't rejoin your religion without a more direct intervention.
Heightened (5th) Increase the maximum target level by 2 and the base cost by 20 gp.
Section 15: Copyright Notice


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Guam – The National Weather Service in Tiyan has issued the following Special Weather Statement for the Marianas.
Special Weather Statement – National Weather Service Tiyan Guam – 7:54am ChST Thursday Oct 10.
…Heavy Rain Likely as Tropical Disturbance Moves Through the Marianas…
Updated for new position estimate for center of circulation
This morning a tropical disturbance was centered east of the Marianas near latitude 13.5 degrees north and longitude 145 degrees east. This is about 20 miles east of Guam and 120 miles south-southwest of Saipan. This disturbance is expected to move west through the Marianas today and may become a tropical depression west of the islands late tonight or Friday.
This disturbance is expected to bring heavy showers and isolated thunderstorms to the Marianas the next couple of days with 3 to 5 inches of rain likely and locally higher amounts possible.
Depending on how the disturbance moves and develops, additional heavy rain is possible on Saturday. This rainfall will likely produce local flooding at times and may result in mudslides.
If you live in a low-lying or flood-prone area, be prepared for the possibility of flooding on your property over the next couple of days. Strong winds are not currently expected with this disturbance, But that could change if it develops more quickly than expected.
Stay informed on this developing weather situation. Keep abreast of the latest forecasts and listen for any further statements or warnings from the National Weather Service and your local emergency management office.


Process execution
The workflow engine executes the process in a transactional way, advancing until it encounters a wait state, such as a timer event, in each active path of the execution. Subsequent tasks, sub-processes and call activities are executed in a single transaction and if one fails, the entire transaction is rolled back.
Asynchronous activities
You can have tasks, sub-processes and call activities run asynchronously to split execution into smaller units of work. The benefit of an asynchronous activity is that it is part of a separate transaction and if it fails, the actions that were performed before it are not rolled back.
Exclusive activities
By default, all activities are exclusive and can not be completed at the same time as another exclusive activity that belongs to the same process. This ensures the workflow engine performs all activities sequentially. You do not need to change this behavior, as the built-in capabilities can manage different scenarios. You can learn more about the logic behind exclusive jobs in the Flowable documentation.


Why fascinators are fascinating
Listening — Advanced Level
Share this exercise
Watch the video and answer the questions
 1. When did hats become popular in the UK?
 2. As per Rachel Trevor, a hat can say a lot about a person's .
 3. After WWII, Morning Dress remained popular during horse races and .
 4. Why does Rachel Trevor think less people wore hats in the 60s?
Practice your writing skills by discussing the questions below
 1. Why do you think people wear fascinators and fancy hats to royal events?
 2. When you dress up, what do you tend to wear?
 3. Did you watch the royal wedding of the Duke and Duchess of Sussex? If not, why? If so, what are your thoughts on the event?
 Need help?
 Ask a question or reserve a class with Annie
 From English
 No translation


I used simple knife for cutting colocasia roots, while cutting them scab starts on my hands. I can used coconut oil on my hands before start cutting them but it was not effective tell me some methods to avoid this
 - 2
 Is it caused by an irritant substance or by the roughness of the surface? Either way disposable gloves would help, but in the latter case they would have to be more robust than the typical ones for food use, so it makes a difference – Chris H Dec 3 '18 at 16:37
 - Do you mean blisters start forming on your hands? If so, is it from the friction of working the knife on those roots? – UnhandledExcepSean Dec 3 '18 at 18:57
The colocasia root (also known as the taro root) has calcium oxalate near the surface under its skin. This makes it toxic to eat uncooked and can irritate the skin.
Common methods to avoid skin irritation are oiling the hands (which isn't working for you), peeling them under running water, which rinses off the irritants quicker, and lastly is wearing gloves.
I would recommend getting a box of food grade latex gloves, that should keep your skin from coming into contact with the irritants. Doing it under running water also wouldn't hurt.
Your Answer


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There have been many ideas about what the word "Spam" means. The Hormel Foods Corporation once said that it means "Shoulder of Pork and Ham"[source?], but in some dictionaries "Spam" means "spiced ham". Members of staff at the SPAM museum say it stands for Specially Produced American Meat. In 2019, Spam began making advertisements containing the definition "Sizzle Pork And Mmmm".
Spam was used a lot in World War II, as there wasn't proper meat. Because of that, spam was used as a rationed item.
Jokes about Spam[change | change source]
- The British comedy group Monty Python created a short play about Spam in 1970. In it, a lady who does not like Spam is talking to a waitress in a restaurant when a bunch of Vikings cut their conversation by singing the word "Spam" over and over again. The lady does not like what is happening and eventually the word "Spam" became widely used to mean unwanted email messages.
- There is also a song called Spam. It was sung by Weird Al Yankovic and first recorded in 1988.


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- Special Sections
- Public Notices
This summer Elizabethtown Community and Technical College is offering a unique opportunity for kids 9-14 to learn about latitude/longitude, data collection, and buried treasure. Using a handheld GPS system, students will go to various sites and pinpoint the location of a hidden "cache." Additionally, they will learn how to use a compass, hide a cache, place/track travel bugs (these are not bees or flies!) and how to log onto a computer to find geospatial data about their area. The camp instruction will come from ECTC Professor Jim Vail, Lisa Deavers, Recreation supervisor for Barren River State Park, and Torey Earle, 4-H Agent at Large for Science, Engineering and Technology, University of Kentucky Cooperative Extension Service College of Engineering, Extended Campus Programs. This course introduces students to absolute location, mapmaking, marking and finding GPS waypoints, data collection, and computer-based GIS data search. It is based, in part, on curriculum developed by 4H titled Exploring Spaces, Going Places. The five-day camp will be from 9 a.m. to 3 p.m., July 28-Aug. 1, at ECTC in the Regional Postsecondary Education Center. Field trips are included in the camp. For information or to enroll in the camp, call the Community and Economic Development Center at Elizabethtown Community and Technical College at _PHONE_.


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Skip to Main Content
Performance assessment and large-scale monitoring of terrestrial digital video broadcasting (DVB-T) transmission apparatuses are currently a pressing need due to the rapid growth of related broadcasting networks in many countries. Power measurements, in particular, play a very important role since RF and IF signal power, RF channel power, RF and IF power spectrum, noise (or unwanted) power, and power efficiency are relevant parameters to be measured as accurately as possible. Although modern spectrum analyzers and high-performance vector signal analyzers exhibit satisfying accuracy and repeatability, their cost, weight, and size make them unsuitable for the purpose. This paper is focused on the design and realization of a digital signal processing-based meter for power measurement in DVB-T systems that is capable of granting good accuracy, satisfying repeatability, reduced measurement time, and cost effectiveness. This paper deals with the digital signal processing algorithm to be implemented in the meter, paying attention to parametric power spectral density (PSD) estimators for their reduced memory requirement and potentially limited computational burden. In particular, a parametric estimation algorithm that is capable of assuring a fast measurement rate is implemented and made operative. The simulation and emulation stages are properly designed to regulate the most relevant parameters of the adopted PSD estimators according to the specific features of the signals involved; a number of experiments on actual DVB-T signals are conducted, the results of which are compared to those provided by competitive measurement solutions.


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Gilled rustic Italian bread, grilled vegetables, melted mozzarella: a great grilled cheese sandwich. Photo courtesy of Wisconsin Milk Marketing Board.
Did The Earl Of Sandwich "Invent" The Sandwich?
CAPSULE REPORT: Before the Earl of Sandwich gave his name to the concept, man certainly put meat and cheese between slices of bread—it was an easy way for field workers and travelers to eat. But it didn't have a formal name: "bread and cheese" or "lamb in pita" was all the description required. The Earl didn't even name the sandwich; but merely by being the first in London to specifically order meat served between two slices of bread so that he could eat with one hand while continuing to gamble with the other, he launched the demand for what became known as the sandwich. This is Page 1 of a two-page article. Click on the black links below to visit other pages.
While the Earl of Sandwich is credited with "inventing" the sandwich in 1762, the principle of bread and filling likely dates to around 9000 B.C.E., when permanent settlements were established in the Middle East, and the hunter-gatherers began to plant and harvest grain. These grains became the first breads, unleavened flatbreads that were baked over an open fire. They were also "edible plates," holding roasted meat or fish on the journey from pot to mouth.
The first recorded sandwich in history was made by Rabbi Hillel, who lived in Jerusalem in the 1st century B.C.E., at the time of King Herod. Observing the Passover ritual of eating bitter herbs or maror (generally grated horseradish) on matzoh, he placed a sweet filling of chopped apples and nuts, seasoned with cinnamon, alongside the maror, and topped it with a second slice of matzo. The practice, continued today, is known as the Hillel sandwich.
Two millennia later, Becky Mercuri, author of American Sandwich, quotes researcher J. J. Schebel on a French claim that travelers and field workers carried meat between two slices of black bread, long before the "sandwich" gained prominence. None of this is surprising; in fact, it would be more surprising if slices from loaves of bread had not been used to hold meat, cheese, fish and other fillings. There's just no notation of it; it took the celebrity of the fourth Earl of Sandwich to give it a name.
John Montagu, Fourth Earl Of Sandwich
While slices of bread with meat and cheese had been eaten since the dawn of the loaf of bread, the term "sandwich" purportedly originated one evening in 1762 at the Beef Steak Club, a private gentleman's club above Covent Garden in London. John Montagu, the fourth Earl of Sandwich (_PHONE_), called for such a dish to be served to him, so he could remain at the gaming table without breaking for supper. A marathon gambler, necessity was the mother of invention; the sandwich enabled him to keep gaming with one hand while he ate with the other (interestingly, sushi rolls were invented for exactly the same reason). However, the genius wasn't totally spontaneous: It is said that Montagu was inspired by diplomatic trips to the Mediterranean, where he observed Greeks and Turks eating pita bread stuffed with meats and other fillings.
The practice of serving "sandwiches," including elaborate presentations of poached fillet of pheasant and guinea hen, soon became a popular late-night meal at society balls. During the nineteenth century, lunch (called midday dinner) was the main meal of the day; dinner (then called supper) was a lighter meal where the leftovers from lunch were often made into sandwiches. After Victorian author Charlotte Mason wrote the first cookbook recipes for sandwiches—recommending that the crusts be removed from the bread—sandwiches began to be served at tea and picnics. They were common fare at taverns and train stations; the "club sandwich" was developed at a private club.
Coming To America
English traditions easily jumped over the pond. While no one noted the date a sandwich was first served in the U.S., in 1837, Eliza Leslie was the first person to publish a recipe, in Miss Leslie's Directions For Cookery. One of the sandwiches remains popular today: a ham sandwich with mustard on lightly buttered bread. By the late 1860s, reports Mercuri, sandwiches were common supper fare and travel food.
Continue To Page 2: The Sandwich In America
Go To The Article Index Above
© Copyright 2005-
Lifestyle Direct, Inc. All rights reserved. Photographs are the copyright of their respective owners.


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RCAST Scientists Demo Method to Use Quantum Entanglement to Detect Magnetic Excitation
(SciTechDaily) Scientists from the Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST) at The University of Tokyo demonstrated a method for coupling a magnetic sphere with a sensor via the strange power of quantum entanglement. They showed that the existence of even a single magnetic excitation in the sphere could be detected with a one-shot measurement. This work represents a major advancement toward quantum systems that can interact with magnetic materials.
In the experiments conducted at RCAST, a millimeter-sized sphere of yttrium iron garnet was placed in the same resonant cavity as a superconducting Josephson junction qubit, which acted as the sensor. Because of the coupling of the sphere to resonant cavity, and, in turn, between the cavity to the qubit, the qubit could only be excited by an electromagnetic pulse if no magnetic excitations were present in the sphere. Reading the state of the qubit then reveals the state of the sphere.
"By using single-shot detection instead of averaging, we were able to make our device both highly sensitive and very fast," Professor Yasunobu Nakamura explains. "This research could open the way for sensors powerful enough to help with the search for theoretical dark-matter particles called axions."


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Posted on July 05, 2011 3:07 PM
Report on accessible pedestrian signals
The Transportation Research Board's (TRB) National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) published a new report, "Accessible Pedestrian Signals: A Guide to Best Practices (Workshop Edition 2010)." The report provides an introduction to accessible pedestrian signals (APS) and highlights issues related to the design, installation, operation, and maintenance of APS.
The report also addresses public education, issues related to travel by pedestrians who are blind or who have low vision, traffic signals, and modern intersection design.
The report is a web-only document. A companion document, appendix (including a tool for intersection prioritization for installation of APS), and documentation of the research used to develop the training course and tool are available on TRB's website.


body = cross_reference_note_content(gfm_reference)
 if noteable.is_a?(ExternalIssue)
 noteable.project.issues_tracker.create_cross_reference_note(noteable, mentioner, author)
 else
 create_note(NoteSummary.new(noteable, noteable.project, author, body, action: 'cross_reference'))
 end
 end
 # Check if a cross-reference is disallowed
 #
 # This method prevents adding a "mentioned in !1" note on every single commit
 # in a merge request. Additionally, it prevents the creation of references to
 # external issues (which would fail).
 #
 # noteable - Noteable object being referenced
 # mentioner - Mentionable object
 #
 # Returns Boolean
 def cross_reference_disallowed?(noteable, mentioner)
 return true if noteable.is_a?(ExternalIssue) && !noteable.project.jira_tracker_active?
 return false unless mentioner.is_a?(MergeRequest)
 return false unless noteable.is_a?(Commit)
 mentioner.commits.include?(noteable)
 end
 # Check if a cross reference to a noteable from a mentioner already exists
 #
 # This method is used to prevent multiple notes being created for a mention
 # when a issue is updated, for example. The method also calls notes_for_mentioner
 # to check if the mentioner is a commit, and return matches only on commit hash
 # instead of project + commit, to avoid repeated mentions from forks.
 #
 # noteable - Noteable object being referenced
 # mentioner - Mentionable object
 #
 # Returns Boolean
 def cross_reference_exists?(noteable, mentioner)
 notes = noteable.notes.system
 notes_for_mentioner(mentioner, noteable, notes).exists?
 end
 # Build an Array of lines detailing each commit added in a merge request
 #
 # new_commits - Array of new Commit objects
 #
 # Returns an Array of Strings
 def new_commit_summary(new_commits)
 new_commits.collect do |commit|
 content_tag('li', "#{commit.short_id} - #{commit.title}")
 end
 end
 # Called when the status of a Task has changed
 #
 # noteable - Noteable object.
 # project - Project owning noteable
 # author - User performing the change
 # new_task - TaskList::Item object.
 #
 # Example Note text:
 #
 # "marked the task Whatever as completed."
 #
 # Returns the created Note object
 def change_task_status(noteable, project, author, new_task)
 status_label = new_task.complete? ? Taskable::COMPLETED : Taskable::INCOMPLETE
 body = "marked the task **#{new_task.source}** as #{status_label}"
 create_note(NoteSummary.new(noteable, project, author, body, action: 'task'))
 end
 # Called when noteable has been moved to another project
 #
 # direction - symbol, :to or :from
 # noteable - Noteable object
 # noteable_ref - Referenced noteable
 # author - User performing the move
 #
 # Example Note text:
 #
 # "moved to some_namespace/project_new#11"
 #
 # Returns the created Note object
 def noteable_moved(noteable, project, noteable_ref, author, direction:)
 unless [:to, :from].include?(direction)
 raise ArgumentError, "Invalid direction '#{direction}'"
 end
 cross_reference = noteable_ref.to_reference(project)
 body = "moved #{direction} #{cross_reference}"
 create_note(NoteSummary.new(noteable, project, author, body, action: 'moved'))
 end
 # Called when a Noteable has been marked as a duplicate of another Issue
 #
 # noteable - Noteable object
 # project - Project owning noteable
 # author - User performing the change
 # canonical_issue - Issue that this is a duplicate of
 #
 # Example Note text:
 #
 # "marked this issue as a duplicate of #1234"
 #
 # "marked this issue as a duplicate of other_project#5678"
 #
 # Returns the created Note object
 def mark_duplicate_issue(noteable, project, author, canonical_issue)
 body = "marked this issue as a duplicate of #{canonical_issue.to_reference(project)}"
 create_note(NoteSummary.new(noteable, project, author, body, action: 'duplicate'))
 end
 # Called when a Noteable has been marked as the canonical Issue of a duplicate
 #
 # noteable - Noteable object
 # project - Project owning noteable
 # author - User performing the change
 # duplicate_issue - Issue that was a duplicate of this
 #
 # Example Note text:
 #
 # "marked #1234 as a duplicate of this issue"
 #
 # "marked other_project#5678 as a duplicate of this issue"
 #
 # Returns the created Note object
 def mark_canonical_issue_of_duplicate(noteable, project, author, duplicate_issue)
 body = "marked #{duplicate_issue.to_reference(project)} as a duplicate of this issue"
 create_note(NoteSummary.new(noteable, project, author, body, action: 'duplicate'))
 end
 def discussion_lock(issuable, author)
 action = issuable.discussion_locked? ? 'locked' : 'unlocked'
 body = "#{action} this #{issuable.class.to_s.titleize.downcase}"
 create_note(NoteSummary.new(issuable, issuable.project, author, body, action: action))
 end
 def cross_reference?(note_text)
 note_text =~ /\A#{cross_reference_note_prefix}/i
 end
 def zoom_link_added(issue, project, author)
 create_note(NoteSummary.new(issue, project, author, _('added a Zoom call to this issue'), action: 'pinned_embed'))
 end
 def zoom_link_removed(issue, project, author)
 create_note(NoteSummary.new(issue, project, author, _('removed a Zoom call from this issue'), action: 'pinned_embed'))
 end
 private
 # rubocop: disable CodeReuse/ActiveRecord
 def notes_for_mentioner(mentioner, noteable, notes)
 if mentioner.is_a?(Commit)
 text = "#{cross_reference_note_prefix}%#{mentioner.to_reference(nil)}"
 notes.where('(note LIKE ? OR note LIKE ?)', text, text.capitalize)
 else
 gfm_reference = mentioner.gfm_reference(noteable.project || noteable.group)
 text = cross_reference_note_content(gfm_reference)
 notes.where(note: [text, text.capitalize])
 end
 end
 # rubocop: enable CodeReuse/ActiveRecord
 def create_note(note_summary)
 note = Note.create(note_summary.note.merge(system: true))
 note.system_note_metadata = SystemNoteMetadata.new(note_summary.metadata) if note_summary.metadata?
 note
 end
 def cross_reference_note_prefix
 'mentioned in '
 end
 def cross_reference_note_content(gfm_reference)
 "#{cross_reference_note_prefix}#{gfm_reference}"
 end
 # Builds a list of existing and new commits according to existing_commits and
 # new_commits methods.
 # Returns a String wrapped in 'ul' and 'li' tags.
 def commits_list(noteable, new_commits, existing_commits, oldrev)
 existing_commit_summary = existing_commit_summary(noteable, existing_commits, oldrev)
 new_commit_summary = new_commit_summary(new_commits).join
 content_tag('ul', "#{existing_commit_summary}#{new_commit_summary}".html_safe)
 end
 # Build a single line summarizing existing commits being added in a merge
 # request
 #
 # noteable - MergeRequest object
 # existing_commits - Array of existing Commit objects
 # oldrev - Optional String SHA of a previous Commit
 #
 # Examples:
 #
 # "* ea0f8418...2f4426b7 - 24 commits from branch 'master'"
 #
 # "* ea0f8418..4188f0ea - 15 commits from branch 'fork:master'"
 #
 # "* ea0f8418 - 1 commit from branch 'feature'"
 #
 # Returns a newline-terminated String
 def existing_commit_summary(noteable, existing_commits, oldrev = nil)
 return '' if existing_commits.empty?
 count = existing_commits.size
 commit_ids = if count == 1
 existing_commits.first.short_id
 else
 if oldrev && !Gitlab::Git.blank_ref?(oldrev


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MUM: A new AI milestone for understanding information
Meet MUM the new powerful algorithm from Google!
MUM or the Multitask Unified Model
has the potential to transform how Google helps you with complex tasks. Like BERT, MUM is built on a Transformer architecture, but it's 1,000 times more powerful. MUM not only understands language, but also generates it. It's trained across 75 different languages and many different tasks at once, allowing it to develop a more comprehensive understanding of information and world knowledge than previous models. And MUM is multimodal, so it understands information across text and images and, in the future, can expand to more modalities like video and audio. Learn more about AI at the HURU School Picodegree in Artificial Intelligence


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In mathematics, equality is a relationship between two quantities or, more generally two mathematical expressions, asserting that the quantities have the same value, or that the expressions represent the same mathematical object. The equality between A and B is written A = B, and pronounced A equals B. The symbol "=" is called an "equals sign". Thus there are three kinds of equality, which are formalized in different ways.
- Two symbols refer to the same object.
- Two sets have the same elements.
- Two expressions evaluate to the same value, such as a number, vector, function or set.
These may be thought of as the logical, set-theoretic and algebraic concepts of equality respectively.
- 1 Etymology
- 2 Equality in mathematical logic
- 3 Equality in set theory
- 4 Equality in algebra and analysis
- 5 Relation with equivalence and isomorphism
- 6 See also
- 7 Notes
- 8 References
Equality in mathematical logic
Equality is defined so that things which have the same properties are equal. If some form of Leibniz's law is added as an axiom, the assertion of this axiom rules out "bare particulars"—things that have all and only the same properties but are not equal to each other—which are possible in some logical formalisms. The axiom states that two things are equal if they have all and only the same properties. Formally:
In this law, the connective "if and only if" can be weakened to "if"; the modified law is equivalent to the original.
Instead of considering Leibniz's law as an axiom, it can also be taken as the definition of equality. The property of being an equivalence relation, as well as the properties given below, can then be proved: they become theorems. If a=b, then a can replace b and b can replace a.
Some basic logical properties of equality
The substitution property states:
- For any quantities a and b and any expression F(x), if a = b, then F(a) = F(b) (if both sides make sense, i.e. are well-formed).
Some specific examples of this are:
- For any real numbers a, b, and c, if a = b, then a + c = b + c (here F(x) is x + c);
- For any real numbers a, b, and c, if a = b, then a − c = b − c (here F(x) is x − c);
- For any real numbers a, b, and c, if a = b, then ac = bc (here F(x) is xc);
- For any real numbers a, b, and c, if a = b and c is not zero, then a/c = b/c (here F(x) is x/c).
The reflexive property states:
- For any quantity a, a = a.
This property is generally used in mathematical proofs as an intermediate step.
The symmetric property states:
The transitive property states:
These three properties were originally included among the Peano axioms for natural numbers. Although the symmetric and transitive properties are often seen as fundamental, they can be proved if the substitution and reflexive properties are assumed instead.
Equalities as predicates
When A and B are not fully specified or depend on some variables, equality is a proposition, which may be true for some values and false for some other values. Equality is a binary relation, or, in other words, a two-arguments predicate, which may produce a truth value (false or true) from its arguments. In computer programming, its computation from two expressions is known as comparison.
Equality in set theory
Equality of sets is axiomatized in set theory in two different ways, depending on whether the axioms are based on a first-order language with or without equality.
Set equality based on first-order logic with equality
In FOL with equality, the axiom of extensionality states that two sets which contain the same elements are the same set.
- Logic axiom: x = y ⇒ ∀z, (z ∈ x ⇔ z ∈ y)
- Logic axiom: x = y ⇒ ∀z, (x ∈ z ⇔ y ∈ z)
- Set theory axiom: (∀z, (z ∈ x ⇔ z ∈ y)) ⇒ x = y
Incorporating half of the work into the first-order logic may be regarded as a mere matter of convenience, as noted by Lévy.
- "The reason why we take up first-order predicate calculus with equality is a matter of convenience; by this we save the labor of defining equality and proving all its properties; this burden is now assumed by the logic."
Set equality based on first-order logic without equality
In FOL without equality, two sets are defined to be equal if they contain the same elements. Then the axiom of extensionality states that two equal sets are contained in the same sets.
- Set theory definition: "x = y" means ∀z, (z ∈ x ⇔ z ∈ y)
- Set theory axiom: x = y ⇒ ∀z, (x ∈ z ⇔ y ∈ z)
Equality in algebra and analysis
When A and B may be viewed as functions of some variables, then A = B means that A and B define the same function. Such an equality of functions is sometimes called an identity. An example is (x + 1)2 = x2 + 2x + 1.
An equation is the problem of finding values of some variables, called unknowns, for which the specified equality is true. Equation may also refer to an equality relation that is satisfied only for the values of the variables that one is interested on. For example x2 + y2 = 1 is the equation of the unit circle.
There is no standard notation that distinguishes an equation from an identity or other use of the equality relation: a reader has to guess an appropriate interpretation from the semantics of expressions and the context. An identity is asserted to be true for all values of variables in a given domain. An "equation" may sometimes mean an identity, but more often it specifies a subset of the variable space to be the subset where the equation is true.
In some cases, one may consider as equal two mathematical objects that are only equivalent for the properties that are considered. This is, in particular the case in geometry, where two geometric shapes are said equal when one may be moved to coincide with the other. The word congruence is also used for this kind of equality.
There are some logic systems that do not have any notion of equality. This reflects the undecidability of the equality of two real numbers defined by formulas involving the integers, the basic arithmetic operations, the logarithm and the exponential function. In other words, there cannot exist any algorithm for deciding such an equality.
The binary relation "is approximately equal" between real numbers or other things, even if more precisely defined, is not transitive (it may seem so at first sight, but many small differences can add up to something big). However, equality almost everywhere is transitive.
Relation with equivalence and isomorphism
Viewed as a relation, equality is the archetype of the more general concept of an equivalence relation on a set: those binary relations that are reflexive, symmetric, and transitive. The identity relation is an equivalence relation. Conversely, let R be an equivalence relation, and let us denote by xR the equivalence class of x, consisting of all elements z such that x R z. Then the relation x R y is equivalent with the equality xR = yR. It follows that equality is the finest equivalence relation on any set S, in the sense that it is the relation that has the smallest equivalence classes (every class is reduced to a single element).
In some contexts, equality is sharply distinguished from equivalence or isomorphism. For example, one may distinguish fractions from rational numbers, the latter being equivalence classes of fractions: the fractions and are distinct as fractions, as different strings of symbols, but they "represent" the same rational number, the same point on a number line. This distinction gives rise to the notion of a quotient set.
Similarly, the sets
are not equal sets – the first consists of letters, while the second consists of numbers – but they are both sets of three elements, and thus isomorphic, meaning that there is a bijection between them, for example
However, there are other choices of isomorphism, such as
and these sets cannot be identified without making such a choice – any statement that identifies them "depends on choice of identification". This distinction, between equality and isomorphism, is of fundamental importance in category theory, and is one motivation for the development of category theory.
- Kleene, Stephen Cole (2002). Mathematical Logic. Mineola, New York: Dover Publications. ISBN 978-0-486-42533-7.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Lévy, Azriel (2002). Basic set theory. Mineola, New York: Dover Publications. ISBN 978-0-486-42079-0.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Mac Lane, Saunders; Birkhoff, Garrett (1999). Algebra (Third ed.). Providence, Rhode Island: American Mathematical Society.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Mazur, Barry (12 June 2007), When is one thing equal to some other thing? (PDF


text:
The Doctors Blackwell: How Two Pioneering Sisters Brought Medicine to Women and Women to Medicine
National Archives Museum
View on YouTube
In the mid-19th century, it was an unheard of notion for a woman to study medicine, but in 1849, Elizabeth Blackwell became the first woman in America to receive an M.D. She was soon joined by her younger sister, Emily, and together, the Blackwells founded the New York Infirmary for Indigent Women and Children, the first hospital staffed entirely by women. In The Doctors Blackwell, Janice P. Nimura presents the story of these pioneering sisters and how they exploded the limits of possibility for women in medicine.
All events listed in the calendar are free unless noted.


text:
- ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
We investigated the self-assembled growth of mum-scale topological crystals of NbSe3 based on the chemical vapor transportation method. The shapes of these materials, including cylinders, Mobius strips and "figure-eight" strips, are the physical realization of topological configurations defined by wedge and twist disclinations as well as dispirations. The crystal structure is investigated by X-ray powder diffraction technique and it is revealed that they are NbSe3 crystals with a considerable strain. The variations in topology and growth form (e.g. rings, disks and tubes) are explained based on a growth model that a NbSe3 whisker encircles a selenium droplet by the surface tension to form a loop. The twisted topologies of Mobius strip's and figure-eight strips originates from either the symmetry of the elastic property of NbSe3 or bend-twist transformation. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Web of Science ® 被引用回数 : 25
Web of Science ® の 関連論文(Related Records®)ビュー
- DOI : 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2003.12.020
- ISSN : 0022-0248
- eISSN : _PHONE_
- Web of Science ID : WOS:000220345400035


text:
Dallas Weather in May
The weather at Dallas, Texas often turns wet and stormy during May. This month sees some of the year's greatest rainfall, highest humidity and most thunderstorms.
This page gives detailed information on the typical May temperature, precipitation, sun, humidity, wind and storms for Dallas. The temperature, precipitation and wind speed numbers here are historical averages based on climate data gathered at the Dallas Love Field Airport, located a few miles from downtown Dallas. The rest of the measurements are averages from the nearby Dallas - Fort Worth International Airport.
|85 °F||May average high||29 °C|
|66 °F||May average low||19 °C|
|25 days||80 °F max. or more (27 °C)|
|23 days||70 °F min. or less (21 °C)|
The temperature rises nearly every day in May to over 70 degrees Fahrenheit (21 degrees Celsius) at Dallas. The city averages 8 days this month when the thermometer reaches into the 90s °F (over 32 °C). Temperatures of 100 °F (38 °C) or above occur about once a decade here during May.
The thermometer dips to 60 °F (16 °C) or below on an average of 6 nights for the month. Only in some years does May get as cold as 50 °F (10 °C).
|4.6 in||total precipitation||116 mm|
|9 days||of rain|
Half the time, Dallas receives 2.6 to 6.1 inches (66 to 155 mm) of rainfall in May. One in four years has drier weather, while another one in four is wetter. May is the rainiest month for Dallas.
|8 days||clear skies|
The sun's rays reach the ground in Dallas during 57 percent of daylight hours on average in May, for a total of 245 hours in the month. Typically on 8 days this month the sky is mainly clear, with at most 30 percent cloud cover.
Sunlight in May at Dallas lasts for 13 hours and 51 minutes a day on average. The shortest day of the month is the 1st with 13 hours and 29 minutes of daylight. By the end of the month, the days have lengthened to 14:10 from sunrise to sunset. These durations can vary by a minute or two from year to year.
|70 %||May average humidity|
The relative humidity in Dallas during May usually peaks at 87 percent in the morning then drops to 53 percent by mid afternoon. May is the most humid time of year for Dallas.
|Local Time||12 am||3 am||6 am||9 am||12 pm||3 pm||6 pm||9 pm|
|10.9 mph||May wind speed average||17.5 kph|
May is windier than most other months in Dallas.
|3 days||rainfall of 0.5 inches (13 mm) or more|
|8 days||with thunderstorms in May|
Dallas gets thunderstorms more frequently during May than any other month.
The weather data here are long-term averages provided by the US National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI). Temperature and precipitation are _PHONE_ normals while humidity and thunderstorms are _PHONE_ normals.


You can call this operation to query the list of application groups.
Debugging
You can use API Explorer to perform debugging. API Explorer allows you to perform various operations to simplify API usage. For example, you can call APIs, dynamically generate SDK example code, and retrieve APIs.
Request parameters
Parameter Type Required Example Description
Action String Yes DescribeMonitorGroups
The operation that you want to perform. Set the value to DescribeMonitorGroups.
SelectContactGroups Boolean No true
Indicates whether to include associated alert contact groups in the returned results.
PageNumber Integer No 1
The number of the page. Default value: 1.
PageSize Integer No 10
The number of records on each page. Default value: 10.
Keyword String No test
The name of the application group. You can perform fuzzy search based on the application group name.
InstanceId String No xxx-1
The ID of the resource instance. You can search for the application group to which the specified instance belongs.
GroupName String No My group
The name of the application group.
Response parameters
Parameter Type Example Description
Code Integer 200
The status code. A value of 200 indicates that the call is successful.
Message String success
The status description. The Message parameter is null when the Code parameter is 200.
PageNumber Integer 1
The number of the page.
PageSize Integer 10
The number of records on each page.
RequestId String 3121AE7D-4AFF-4C25-8F1D-C8226EBB1F42
The request ID for troubleshooting.
Resources
The associated resource.
 └BindUrl String http://xxx
The URL that is synchronized from k8s.
 └ContactGroups
The alert contact group.
 └Name String Default alert contact group
The name of the alert contact group.
 └GmtCreate Long 1510286840000
The creation time. It is an integer, indicating the time that has passed since 00:00:00, January 1, 1970. Unit: millisecond.
 └GmtModified Long 1540370711000
The modification time. It is an integer, indicating the time that has passed since 00:00:00, January 1, 1970. Unit: millisecond.
 └GroupId Long 12345
The ID of the group.
 └GroupName String Application group 1
The name of the application group.
 └ServiceId String service-1
The ID of the service.
 └Type String custom
The type of the group. Valid values:
 - custom: The group is created by the user.
 - ehpc_cluster: The group is synchronized from the ehpc cluster.
 - kubernetes: The group is synchronized from k8s.
Success Boolean true
Indicates whether the call is successful. A value of true indicates that the call is successful. A value of false indicates that the call has failed.
Total Integer 10
The total number of returned records.
Examples
Sample requests
http(s)://[Endpoint]/? Action=DescribeMonitorGroups
&<Common request parameters>
Successful response examples
XML format
<DescribeMonitorGroupListResponse>
 <PageNumber>1</PageNumber>
 <PageSize>30</PageSize>
 <RequestId>31BC7201-00F2-47B2-B7B9-6A173076ACE8</RequestId>
 <Success>true</Success>
 200
 <Total>1</Total>
 <Resources>
 <Resource>
 <GroupName>demo</GroupName>
 <Type>custom</Type>
 <ContactGroups>
 <ContactGroup>
 <Name>xxx</Name>
 </ContactGroup>
 </ContactGroups>
 <ServiceId>49922</ServiceId>
 <GmtCreate>1489043796000</GmtCreate>
 <GmtModified>1525183537000</GmtModified>
 <GroupId>13263</GroupId>
 </Resource>
 </Resources>
</DescribeMonitorGroupListResponse>
JSON format
{
 "PageNumber":1,
 "PageSize":30,
 "RequestId":"31BC7201-00F2-47B2-B7B9-6A173076ACE8",
 "Success":true,
 "Code":200,
 "Total":1,
 "Resources":{
 "Resource":[
 {
 "GroupName":"demo",
 "Type":"custom",
 "ServiceId":49922,
 "ContactGroups":{
 "ContactGroup":[
 {
 "Name":"xxx"
 }
 ]
 },
 "GmtCreate":1489043796000,
 "GroupId":13263,
 "GmtModified":1525183537000
 }
 ]
 }
}
Error codes
View error codes


Wmimofck task
The Windows Driver Kit (WDK) provides the Wmimofck task so you can run the wmimofck.exe tool when you build a driver using MSBuild.
For information about using the Wmimofck tool, see Using Wmimofck.exe.
MSBuild uses the Wmimofck item to send the parameters for the Wmimofck task. The item metadata for wmimofck is accessed using the Wmimofck item in project files.
The following example shows how to edit metadata in the .vcxproj file.
<ItemGroup>
 <Wmimofck Include="a.bmf">
 <GenerateStructureDefinitionsForDatablocks>true</GenerateStructureDefinitionsForDatablocks>
 </Wmimofck>
 <Wmimofck Include="b.bmf">
 <HeaderOuputFile>b.h</HeaderOuputFile>
 </Wmimofck>
</ItemGroup>
The following example shows how you run Wmimofck.exe in a Command Prompt window:
Wmimofck.exe -u a.bmf
Wmimofck.exe –h"b.h" b.bmf
The example above invokes wmimofck.exe on both a.bmf and b.bmf, but with different sets of parameters and with different metadata. Therefore, the switches will also be different for these inputs. In other words, you can call each input with its own set of metadata.
Wmimofck Task Parameter Item Metadata Tool Switch
Source
Required ITaskItem parameter. Specifies the input source file.
@(Wmimofck)
GenerateStructureDefinitionsForDatablocks
Optional Boolean parameter. Wmimofck generates member definitions for every property that has a fixed size, including optional properties that specify a MaxLen qualifier.
%(Wmimofck.GenerateStructureDefinitionsForDatablocks) -u
GenerateStructureDefinitionsForMethodParameters
Optional Boolean parameter. The header file includes structure definitions for the input and output of each WMI method.
%(Wmimofck.GenerateStructureDefinitionsForMethodParameters) -m
HeaderOuputFile
Optional string parameter. Generates a C language header file (.h file) that can then be used to keep the header file in sync with MOF definitions.
%(Wmimofck.HeaderOuputFile) -hFilename
HexdumpOutputFile
Optional string parameter. Generates a Hex version of .bmf data that can be included in the driver source for supplying dynamic MOF data at run time.
%(Wmimofck.HexdumpOutputFile) -xFilename
HTMLUIOutputDirectory
If this is set to true, it generates the -w switch.
%(Wmimofck.HTMLUIOutputDirectory)
HTMLOutputDirectory
Optional string parameter. Specifies the directory for the HTML files that Wmimofck generates.
%(Wmimofck.HTMLOutputDirectory) -wDirectory
MFLFile
Optional string parameter. Specifies a file containing amended classes.
%(Wmimofck.MFLFile) -zMFLFile
MinimalRebuildFromTracking
Optional Boolean parameter. If true, a tracked incremental build is performed; if false, a rebuild is performed.
%(Wmimofck.MinimalRebuildFromTracking)
MOFFile
Optional string parameter. Specifies a file containing language-independent WMI class declarations.
%(Wmimofck.MOFFile) -yMOFFile
SourceOutputFile
Optional string parameter. Generates a C language source file which contains stubs for WMI driver code.
%(Wmimofck.SourceOutputFile) -cFilename
TLogReadFiles
Optional string parameter.
@(WmimofckTLogReadFiles)
TLogWriteFiles
Optional string parameter.
@(WmimofckTLogWriteFiles)
ToolExe
Optional string parameter.
$(WmimofckToolExe)
ToolPath
Optional string parameter. Specifies the full path to the folder where the tool is located.
$(WmimofckToolPath)
TrackerLogDirectory
Optional string parameter. Specifies the Log directory for tracker to write tlogs.
%(Wmimofck.TrackerLogDirectory)
TrackFileAccess
Optional Boolean parameter. If true, tracks file access patterns for this task.
$(TrackFileAccess)
ToolArchitecture
Optional string parameter.
$(WmimofckToolArchitecture)
TrackerFrameworkPath
Optional string parameter.
$(WmimofckTrackerFrameworkPath)
TrackerSdkPath
Optional string parameter.
$(WmimofckTrackerSdkPath)
VBScriptTestOutputFile
Optional string parameter. A VBScript program is created that will query all data blocks and properties specified in the MOF file.
%(Wmimofck.VBScriptTestOutputFile) -tFilename
AdditionalOptions
Optional string parameter.
%(Wmimofck.AdditionalOptions)
Related topics
Using Wmimofck.exe
Send comments about this topic to Microsoft


text:
Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública
Print version ISSN _PHONE_
HO, Gloria Y. F. et al. Cancer disparities between mainland and island Puerto Ricans. Rev Panam Salud Publica [online]. 2009, vol.25, n.5, pp. 394-400. ISSN _PHONE_. _URL_
OBJECTIVES: Examination of cancer rates in a single Hispanic subgroup-Puerto Ricans-and comparison of incidence rates among mainland Puerto Ricans living in the United States, island Puerto Ricans in Puerto Rico, and U.S. non-Hispanic whites to reveal ethnic-specific cancer patterns and disparities in Puerto Ricans. METHODS: Incidence data were obtained from the cancer registries of Puerto Rico and three U.S. northeastern states (New York, New Jersey, and Connecticut) with a high density of mainland Puerto Ricans. Age-adjusted rates were compared by standardized rate ratios (SRRs). RESULTS: Total cancer incidence was the lowest in island Puerto Ricans, intermediate for mainland Puerto Ricans, and highest in U.S. non-Hispanic whites. Compared to mainland Puerto Ricans, islanders had significantly lower rates (p < 0.05) for major cancers-lung (SRRs = 0.36 in males and 0.29 in females), prostate (SRR = 0.71), female breast (SRR = 0.73), and colon-rectum (SRRs = 0.74 in males and 0.65 in females)-as well as several less common cancers (urinary bladder; non-Hodgkin lymphoma; liver; kidney and renal pelvis; pancreas; thyroid; leukemia; and skin melanoma). Overall cancer rates in mainland Puerto Ricans were modestly lower than those in U.S. non-Hispanic whites, but mainland Puerto Ricans had the highest rates for stomach, liver, and cervical cancers among the three populations. CONCLUSION: Despite socioeconomic disadvantages, island Puerto Ricans have relatively low cancer incidence. Identifying contributing factors would be informative for cancer research, and understanding the reasons for increased cancer risk in their mainland counterparts would facilitate the development of ethnic-specific intervention programs.
Keywords : Hispanic Americans; neoplasms; incidence; Puerto Rico; United States.


-.
Crossing The Data Drop Chasm-Revit To Excel and Back Again Using Dynamo
It is sometimes desirable or necessary to push data from Revit to Excel, and back again. One such example I can think of is when working with a door hardware consultant.
The door hardware consultant may not have access to Revit, little lone your Revit model. You have a few options. You could export your data to Excel, have him/her populate it, and then re-enter the data once it is back in Revit OR you could export it to excel using Dynamo, and then re-import the data from excel to Revit.
It's worth mentioning that you want to be very intentional about how and when you complete these tasks. For example if you export your data, and add/remove a door, this information will be lost in translation with your door hardware consultant.
Exporting Revit To Excel
All Elements of Category paired with Categories pulls all the elements that exist in your model.
Next, we want to pick which parameters from the elements to export. To do this we will use the "Element.GetParameterValueByName" node. I'm also using the "Element.Id" so I can match the components and their data with the unique Element.Id.
List.Create allows you to take multiple streams of data and combine them. This is important as the Revit to Excel node later will be receiving one stream of data.
List.Transpose flips data. It makes rows columns and columns rows. If you are a grasshopper user, this does the same thing as "Flip Matrix" in grasshopper.
Excel.WriteToFile is AMAZING. This node is where the magic happens. We have a few inputs to match up. Where is the File located? What is the sheet name? Which Row/Column do you want to start with? Overwrite data that exist?
Here is the result! Now to email the hardware consultant! ;)
Push data from Excel to Revit
Here is the full script for importing the data from excel back into Revit.
Importing the data from Excel into Revit begins with the "Excel.ReadFromFile" node. You will use the File Path and File.FromPath nodes to browse to your excel file. Pick which sheet you want to import from. Pick the Sheet name. One of the most important subtle check boxes that I found extremely important was the "ReadAsStrings" input. The reason this input is so important is depending on if your Revit parameter name is a number or not, you will want to be intentional about checking this true or not. Revit text parameter=True. Revit number parameter=False.
We'll be using the List.Transpose again to get convert the rows back to columns and the columns back to rows.
We'll use the List.GetItemAtIndex to choose which Excel column to grab. "0" will be the first column. "1" will be the second columns, and so on.
Finally we will want to pick which elements and parameter(s) to feed our data back into. We will be using the "Element.SetParameterByName node to populate the data. We can pair the "All Elements of Category" with the "Categories" node to grab the doors again. We are using a code block with quotes for the parameter name "Door Hardware Group". It's worth mentioning again that since our excel to revit node imported as string, we do not need to convert the data to a text string for the text parameter "Door Hardware Group". You will need to take into consideration if your parameter is number parameter or an integer parameter instead of a text parameter as you may need to use the string to number node.
And here is the Door Hardware Group populated in the Revit schedule!
Here's the data set I used. Enjoy! _URL_
Interested in growing your Dynamo ninja skills or want to host a dynamo workshop at your office? Reach out to me personally at _EMAIL_
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text:
The raclette de Savoie is a tasty dish of melted cheese which is eaten with potatoes or bread. Centuries ago, the local shepherds melted a piece of cheese over a wood fire. When the cheese is melted it is scraped off with a knife. The name refers to the French word râcler, which means scraping.
Another local specialty is cheese fondue. According to the French, the fondue Savoyarde is the real deal, with Comté de Savoie, Beaufort and Tomme de Savoie. Cheese fondue is eaten from a Caquelon, a thick-walled pan, which is smeared with garlic and kept warm while eating so that the fondue does not solidify. The word fondue comes from the French word fondre (melting).
A good portion of Reblochon, potatoes, cream, onion and bacon and you will have yourself a tasty Tartiflette. The well-stocked casserole is not a light meal but tastes delicious. The dish was devised by the cheese farmers as a mean to sell their Reblochon cheese.


text:
Monitoring linear antenna arrays using an exponentially weighted moving average-based fault detection scheme
Additional Document Info
2014 The Author(s). Published by Taylor & Francis. The evolution of modern wireless communications systems has dramatically increased the demand for antenna arrays. An antenna array with certain radiation characteristics is often desired. However, the actual radiation pattern of an antenna array changes when faults are introduced in the array. In this paper a statistical fault detection methodology based on the exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) control scheme is proposed to detect possible faulty radiation patterns in linear antenna arrays. The proposed method detects the faults based on deviation in the radiation pattern from the desired ones. The difference between synthesized radiation pattern obtained using the Minimax algorithm and the measured pattern can be used as an indicator about the existence or absence of faults. To assess the fault detection abilities of the EWMA control scheme, three case studies are considered, one involving a complete failure in one element in the array, one involving partial failure in two elements, and one involving degradation caused by random noise due to interference and other factors. The simulation results for all cases show the effectiveness of the proposed EWMA fault detection method.


text:
In addition to being extremely strong and stretchy, spider silk
conducts heat better than most materials, including silicon,
aluminium and pure iron, mechanical engineers at Iowa State
University have discovered.
Spider silk has long been the subject of scientific scrutiny,
but mostly for its
impressive strength. Xinwei Wang, lead researcher on the study,
was keen to put speculation that spider silk would be a good
thermal conductor to the test as part of a search for organic
materials that can effectively transfer heat; most materials from
living things are very bad at conducting heat. Wang enlisted the
help of eight golden silk orbweaver spiders. They were given
lodgings in an Iowa State University greenhouse and fed crickets to
fuel their web-spinning.
Wang, along with colleagues Xiaopeng Huang and Guoging Liu,
found that spider silk conducts heat 1,000 times better than woven
silkworm silk and 800 times better than other organic tissues.
Spider silk conducts heat at a rate of 416 watts per metre Kelvin,
compared with copper at 401 and skin at 0.6 watts per metre
Wang said: "This is very surprising because spider silk is
organic material. For organic material, this is the highest ever.
There are only a few materials higher -- silver and
The thermal conductivity of the spider silk also increased by 20
percent when it was stretched to its 20 percent limit. Most
materials lose thermal conductivity when stretched.
These unusual properties are down to the defect-free molecular
structure of spider silk, including proteins that contain
nanocrystals and the spring-shaped structures connecting the
proteins. However, more research is needed to fully understand why
spider silk is so good at conducting heat.
This discovery could open a door to using spider silk to create
flexible, heat-dissipating parts for electronics, better clothes
for hot weather and bandages that don't trap heat.
The research is detailed in a paper in Advanced
New Secrets of Spider Silk: Exceptionally High Thermal Conductivity
and its Abnormal Change under Stretching.
/ Hunter Desportes /


text:
Tsarina Alexandra was the wife of Czar Nicholas II. She lived from June 6, 1872 to July 16, 1918.
When World War I broke out, Nicholas moved to the front lines and left Alexandra in charge of Russia. Alexandra was distracted from ruling the country, however, when her son, Alexis developed a hemophilia. The only one who was able to help Alexis was a peasant-turned-monk named Rasputin. Alexandra increasingly relied on Rasputin, who took advantage of her trust by granting postitions to his friends and causing everyone to fear him. Alexandra's misrule set the stage for the collapse of the imperial government in the March Revolution. In 1918, the Czarina and her husband and children were shot and hacked to death by communists who were led by Yakov Yurovsky.


text:
It's not about Milliamps Alone when Building an Effective Sense and Control Network
A fox or a squirrel, which one is stronger? Most people will answer "the fox", because it is a larger, more powerful animal. But if you define the question more precisely, the answer is different: "A fox or a squirrel, who is better placed to live through live through cold, harsh winters?" The answer is "the squirrel". A squirrel hibernates during the darkest and coldest periods and is able to survive by changing its metabolism. The fox, in contrast requires constant supply of food and water and is the lesser of the two animals relative to living through the winter.
A remarkable analogy exists with low-power wireless sensor applications. Many solutions solve the low-power in a traditional fashion: they reduce power by decreasing the current consumption during operation. However, this "traditional" way of reaching low power in not sufficient to answer the needs of wireless sensor applications. They require a different way to optimize for low power. In a way, many current solutions for wireless sensor applications have a "fox-based" design, whereas a real answer to the application needs requires out-of-box thinking to come up with the hibernation capabilities of the squirrel.