Loren on the Art of MATLAB
Indexing Terminology 11
Posted by Loren Shure,
Someone recently asked me to discuss X-Y versus row-column indexing.
Two Conventions
When calling functions in MATLAB that create or reference arrays, there are two different conventions for specifying the first two dimensions of an array:
 - matrix indexing, i.e., rows and columns
 - Cartesian, i.e., X and Y
These different conventions get used depending on whether the array is strictly an array or when it has a probable physical interpretation in terms of Cartesian grid.
Matrix versus Cartesian Frameworks
In MATLAB, we index into matrices using row and column indices. That is, for matrix
A = magic(3)
A =
 8 1 6
 3 5 7
 4 9 2
I can reference the last element in the second row like this:
ans =
ans =
and to retrieve the first element of columns 1 and 3, I type this:
A(1,[1 3])
ans =
 8 6
Check out this post to get a fairly complete picture of indexing in MATLAB.
Plotting Matrices
The options xy and ij for axis allow us to control whether to view the data just the way the matrix is displayed (the (1,1) element is in the upper left corner):
or we can view the image/matrix as a top-down view of a physical "map" with the y-values now increasing along the vertical axis.
axis xy
In images, the matrices column values plot vertically. In line plots, the columns are plotted vs. their indices, making columns plot horizontally.
h = plot(A);
legend(h,{'Column 1','Column 2','Column 3'})
Creating an N-Dimensional Grid
ndgrid uses matrix indexing since it is designed to suit working in any number of array dimensions.
[ii, jj] = ndgrid(1:3,1:2)
ii =
 1 1
 2 2
 3 3
jj =
 1 2
 1 2
 1 2
Creating an 2- or 3-Dimensional Grid
On the other hand, mesh, interprets its first inputs in a Cartesian framework since it is used primarily for working with 2- and 3-dimensional plots, often depicting something over an area or volume.
[xx, yy] = meshgrid(1:3,1:2)
xx =
 1 2 3
 1 2 3
yy =
 1 1 1
 2 2 2
In the Remarks section of the documentation for meshgrid, you will find a discussion of this, especially with respect to inverting the first two input arguments compared to ndgrid. There is related discussion in the Description section for the function mesh.
Functions designed for two or three dimension, such as contour and quiver, usually work in Cartesian coordinates. Functions that are designed to work in N-dimensions generally work with a matrix indexing framework. Be sure to check the help for functions you use to see which convention applies.
Any ideas on what we can do, perhaps in examples or documentation (or eslewhere?) to help people out with this potential confusion? If so, please post here.
Get the MATLAB code
Published with MATLAB® 7.4
11 CommentsOldest to Newest
I encountered this ambiguity just this week using contourf(). My contours kept coming out just the opposite as what I expected. It wasn't until I tried plotting a non-square matrix before I realized something was wrong.
My suggestion to MATLAB is to pick a convention and stick with it.
Which convention to choose? And why that one? Both are natural in different situations. Hence the dilemma.
I personally usually think of "meshgrid" as the worst Matlab function – note that I do enjoy most of them.
I have my own imho-owell-oriented meshgrid function, with a different name, but some functions such as interp2 (TBC) require the grid to be meshgrid-generated!
This change of convention is a nightmare. As an image processing engineer, I find it so easier to keep the same convention : x goes with row index, hence row index is a natural discretization of x direction, while y goes with column index.
Obviously the obtained Cartesian grid is not in the usual direction (north to south for X and west to east for Y), but it makes a lot of computation so easier – especially when going from continuous to discrete representations, which is when hard things usually begin (think of a warping between two images, for instance).
I think it is easier to rotate the Cartesian coordinate system, in order to have a consistent (i,j) and (x,y) notation. It keeps both the axes direct (angles in the right directions) and the matrix multiplication (IDL convention is a nightmare).
Anyhow, this is my Humble Opinion – Keep the good work!!
(hi Loren, I am one of the Toulouse guy: it was nice meeting you!!)
I read and re-read this column several times over the past few days and I'm still confused. I regularly use indexing in MatLab and find that it very powerful tool in writing compact, easy to understand code.
But this xy option is very confusing to me. I had never previously noticed the xy option in the axis function and based on this column, I took some time to try to understand the value or benefit of that option. I also tried to follow your example regarding ndgrid and found myself bumping up against one of the few serious limitations within MatLab. That is MatLab's poor capability regarding table lookups. In the past when I've tried to figure out how to use interpn, I've been tripped up by the example in the function reference page that uses ndgrid. There is something fundamental about the ndgrid function that I'm not getting and I wonder if it is related to this ij vs xy concept.
I'm with Jessee above, pick a standard and stick with it. Just because MatLab can provide alternate ways to do things doesn't mean that there is a benefit to the alternate way. My experience is that the indexing method is widely used in MatLab so that should be the standard.
Maybe you need to write a detailed column that goes beyond the single example in the function reference page for ndgrid and also provides a proper description of the ndgrid function. e.g., the description says that it transforms the domain specified by the vectors into arrays. But, it doesn't say how they are transformed.
Anyway, after all this, I still don't understand what the significance is for this xy indexing.
I was most interested in the use of the commands image and imagesc to plot the values of items in matrices.
I had been using pcolor along with 'shading flat' to achieve almost the same effect. The problem with doing this is that in plotting the contents of an n x n array, you get a figure with an (n-1)x(n-1) array of elements, the last row and column being ignored.
I would like to use image instead of pcolor for my applications (using 'axis xy' to preserve orientation), but for one small hitch. pcolor treats NaN's as blanks whereas image and imagesc treat them as zeros. I need them to be treated as blanks, so I keep using pcolor. A further problem with using pcolor is that I don't find the ticklabels line up nicely with the centers of the colorblocks as they do in the magic square example above. Loren, please help. is there anything I can do?
I realize that one workaround is to add an extra row and column to my array of data, but this seems like an ugly hack.
More details: all the data in my matrix is positive integers, so another workaround is for me to convert all the NaN's to zeros before using 'image'. The problem now becomes that the zeros (which I want to ignore) show up in the colorbar.
I have exactly the same problem as Roy Goodman has. I'm surprised that Roy's email was posted only recently (I started using Matlab a year ago). Most of the matrix data I want to display have some NaN elements in them. Is it possible to add another 'property' and 'value' pair to specify the color for displaying the NaN elements in a matrix?
You might try this code (using the opengl renderer, which MATLAB will do automatically with the transparency – though there are bugs in various opengl drivers and they don't all look the same).
A = magic(3)
AA = A
AA(1) = NaN
imalpha = ones(size(A));
h = image(AA), colorbar
imalpha(isnan(AA)) = 0
If your picture doesn't look right, close your figure and use this command first:
opengl software
and then retry. The graphics will be a bit slower but will tend to overcome hardware opengl issues typically.
Glad to find this discussion: whilst meshgrid and its family are excellent starting points for regridding (2D) "images", when volumes or time varying volumes appear, then ndgrid must be used. OK, so far, but then we find that stream3, streamtube etc require meshgrid. Meshgrid for 3D data (e.g. look at "wind" in the examples)? Why oh why oh why?
So, here's the solution I request.
If GIVEN some volume data (e.g., "wind") which has mesh


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Laboratory of Physical Properties and
Advanced Techniques in Agri-Food
The research Group (GI) is an entity of the (Poli)Technical University Madrid. The mission of the group is to produce relevant contributions to Engineering in Agriculture; to contribute to eradicate famine and poverty; to improve health and welfare of people, and to work for a better environment, in the scope of the present Sustainable Developent Objectives.
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Terms which describe some of our present research lines:
Objective measurement of quality of agrifood products, by the use of non-destructive technologies
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Energy in Agriculture ( renowable), in rural sector
Electro-mechanical systems for agro-industrial machinery
Transfer and innovation to production sectors: field crops, horticulture, animal husbandry (swine, fish)


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GIFTS is an ambitious project targeting early life programming as an opportunity for the prevention of diabetes and obesity in people of South Asian origin.
GIFTS will enhance diabetes prevention strategies and understanding in this field by:
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source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Avon Valley Woodlands nature reserve
The Avon Valley Woodlands local nature reserve is situated within the beautiful setting of the River Avon near Hanham. The maturing broadleaved woodlands are home to a wide variety of wildlife and are an ideal location for people of all abilities to enjoy getting closer to nature.
The series of woodlands owned by the council include Conham River Park, Hencliff Wood and Bickley Wood and help make up the 31.5 hectare reserve. The woodlands are accessible through a network of paths including the River Avon trail.
Access for all
Improvements have been made to the Conham River Park to allow easier access to the River Avon. A 750 metre stone surface path – with oak seats along its way, has been created to allow people to walk, cycle or ride along the historic towpath between the car park and the ferry crossing at Beeses tea gardens. This towpath and the River Avon and Kennet and Avon Canal make an important link between the River Severn, Bristol and Bath. A popular long distance footpath called River Avon trail follows this important trade link.
Picnic benches have been installed and accessible parking bays and toilets are available in the car park, which is situated at the bottom of Conham Hill, near Hanham.
A rich heritage
As you walk through the woodlands you will quickly discover some clues to the site's past. Much of the area was quarried, with twelve small quarries operating between Conham River Park and Hanham Mills. The nearby Hanham Colliery mined coal from the Bristol coalfields and like the pennant sandstone was brought down to the riverside and transported by horse-drawn barges to Bristol and Bath.
There are a number of derelict buildings within the site, including a powder house at the bottom of Hencliff Wood, which housed the dynamite for the quarries and nearby railway. The thick walls of the old smelter works near Conham River Park are still standing, along with the boundary wall of Conham Hall. The hall itself was demolished in 1971 and made way for a sewage works and later a refuse tip. The site has now been landscaped and its small thickets provide a good habitat for small birds and mammals.
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A bat audio trail guide relating to Conham River Park, its history and the bats you'll likely find there is available from local libraries. The guide is one of four specially created to assist people, including those who are visually impaired, to visit the site at dusk and discover the magic of bat detecting. Whilst you're there look out for
- the red pennant sandstone quarries of Bickley Woods
- the flash of blue of a kingfisher darting up the River Avon
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Car: Car parks are available at Castle Farm Road for walks around Bickley Wood and Hencliff Wood. For walks around Conham and the panorama walk please use the car park at Conham River Park. Both sites are signposted along the Memorial Road.
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- Local nature reserve declaration – 31 March 2005
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- Local planning authority – South Gloucestershire Council
- Area – 31.5 hectares
- Grid reference – ST 628720


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We report on the lasing characteristics of a two-color InAs/InP quantum dots (QDs) laser at a low temperature. Two lasing peaks with a tunable gap are simultaneously observed. At a low temperature of 80 K, a tunable range greater than a 20-nm wavelength is demonstrated by varying the injection current from 30 to 500 mA. Under a special condition, we even observe three lasing peaks, which are in contrast to those observed at room temperature. The temperature coefficient of the lasing wavelength was obtained for the two colors in the 80-280 K temperature range, which is lower than that of the reference quantum well (QW) laser working in the same wavelength region.
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CATHOLIC bishops in Japan are calling for the return of relics of 59 Japanese martyrs housed in Macao, ahead of the reversion of the Portuguese port in south-east China to Beijing at the end of the decade.
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The relics were brought to Macao by a Portuguese merchant ship more than 300 years ago and since 1835 have been kept in the church of St Francis Xavier on an outlying island of the territory.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Sustainability and the return to regional products are becoming more important in gastronomy and the hotel industry. According to a study of the University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 70 per cent of guests would like indications of source to be transparent and comprehensible. Consumers are asking themselves: "Where does the meat come from? And the eggs, and the vegetables, the potatoes, the fish…?"
The AMA gastronomic quality seal in the menu informs guests of regional specialities and the origin of the agricultural resources, increasing the consciousness for rural tradition and culture worthy of preservation, and ensuring the successful synergy of agriculture and gastronomy in Austria.
The close cooperation with local farmers, food manufacturers and distributors does not only increase the added value in the region but also takes a strong stand against the globalised standard taste on the plate.
Restaurants are committed to indicate on the menu the origin of the resources from five categories.
MEAT: mandatory indication of source in at least two types of meat (beef, veal, pork, poultry, turkey, lamb)
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EGGS: mandatory indication of origin incl. indication of type of husbandry (free-run or free-range husbandry)
POTATOES, VEGETABLES, FRUIT: mandatory indication of source of potatoes as well as three freely selectable all-season or seasonal types of fruit or vegetable
VENISON, FRESHWATER FISHH: mandatory indication of source in at least one of the two product groups


What is Pioneer Super Tuner 3d?
How do you change the time on a Pioneer Super Tuner 3?
Press and hold the SOURCE button until the unit shuts off. Press and hold SOURCE again until the clock appears. *With some models you will press and hold the FUNCTION or AUDIO button instead of the SOURCE button. Press the left or right arrow to select the segment of time you wish to adjust.
What year did the Pioneer Super Tuner come out?
1976 Shares are listed on the New York Stock Exchange (delisted in January 2006). Introduction of the Supertuner, a high-sensitivity tuner for the car stereo. This marked the first time a car audio tuner offered the same high quality sound that was found in a home audio tuner.
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Press the cursor button 2-3 seconds and turn it until you read AUX ON/OFF. Press the cursor button to change the AUX status. DEH-30MP : Switch off the device via the SRC button and press it again for 2-3 seconds to activate. Press the function button (on the left) until you read 'AUX on/off'.
What is Pioneer Super Tuner 3d? – Related Questions
How do I get my aux to work?
Insert one end of the AUX cable into the AUX input on the bottom of your speaker. Insert the other end of the AUX cable into the AUX output port on your audio device. Turn the SOURCE knob to AUX, then push once to activate.
How do I get my radio AUX to work?
Locate the Aux Input socket on your car stereo or dashboard. Plug one end of audio cable into the headphone socket of your smartphone. Plug the other end of the cable into the car stereo Aux Input socket. Set the car stereo source to AUX Input.
How do you use the AUX on a Pioneer touch screen radio?
Why is my aux input not working?
Check to make sure the input device, like your phone, is working properly. You may want to try the aux with a different input device, like your computer, if possible. Try using a different aux cable. Use a can of compressed air to clean out the aux port.
What is the AUX for on MixAmp?
The MixAmp's Aux port will output your mic to your phone/tablet and your phone/tablet will output audio (chat, music, etc.) from your phone to the MixAmp. Note that you will need a TRRS, not TRS, 3.5mm cable for voice chat – _URL_-us/products… 1.
How do I use the Aux In my cigarette lighter?
An FM transmitter plugs into your cigarette lighter socket and connects to your device via an aux cord or Bluetooth. The transmitter broadcasts what's playing from your phone over a short FM frequency to which you tune your car's radio and receive.
Can you play audio through cigarette lighter?
To clarify: it's not possible to play music through the cigarette lighter in your car alone. While FM adapters plug into this outlet, you can't play music directly through the lighter port. Take a look at the best Bluetooth car adapters to find the right option for your needs.
Can you plug a FM transmitter into cigarette lighter?
Yes you can plug directly to lighter. Then tune to an unused radio station and the audio will transmit to that radio station.
Can you connect phone to car through cigarette lighter?
If you buy a car charger with a USB port that you can plug into the cigarette lighter, charging is a breeze. You do, however, need a current of at least 2 amperes to charge your smartphone easily. The cigarette lighter can do this without a problem, but it's a point to watch when you buy a car charger.
Will car battery drain if something plugged into cigarette lighter?
If your car does not have the accessories power shut off feature then leaving things plugged into your car's cigarette lighter will eventually drain your battery.
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A cigarette lighter can only drain the battery when it is pressed in to heat up, it should spring back out once up to temperature and break the circuit. If you have a fault then it can drain the battery but it should blow the fuse if it gets short circuited.
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Here are some of the best car chargers that support USB PD.
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Difference between revisions of "COSMOS Reconciliation Taxonomy"
(Reconciliation Taxonomy)
(Reconciliation Taxonomy)
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= Reconciliation Taxonomy =

= Reconciliation Taxonomy =
 +
Opening brief statement what this is.

=== '''Change History''' ===

=== '''Change History''' ===
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== '''Development Process'''==

== '''Development Process'''==

to MJ: I can fill in some of this if you like since I can include the parts that are fixed due to the Eclipse process
+
''to MJ: I can fill in some of this if you like since I can include the parts that are fixed due to the Eclipse process
 +

 +
I can also provide info as to where to find it in CVS''

== '''Open Issues/Questions '''==

== '''Open Issues/Questions '''==

[[Category:COSMOS]]

[[Category:COSMOS]]
Revision as of 14:50, 7 November 2008
Reconciliation Taxonomy
Opening brief statement what this is.
Change History
Name: Date: Revised Sections:
Mark Johnson 11/7/2008
 - Initial version
Terminologies/Acronyms
The terminologies/acronyms below are commonly used throughout this document. The list below defines each term regarding how it is used in this document:
Term Definition
MDR management data repository
CMDBf CMDB Federated is a specification for a CMDB that federates between multiple MDRs
federating CMDB the CMDB that federates between MDRs, offering a common access point to clients and correlating identifying record data
CMDB configuration management database
Query service MDRs make data available to Clients via a Query service. Queries may select and return items, relationships, and/or graphs containing items and relationships.
Purpose
Development Process
to MJ: I can fill in some of this if you like since I can include the parts that are fixed due to the Eclipse process
I can also provide info as to where to find it in CVS
Open Issues/Questions


text:
Wonderful World of Welles: Harry Lime Lives!
The Third Man
A titan of the airwaves, Orson Welles would reprise one of his most famous screen roles, Harry Lime of The Third Man, on radio. His grinning villain was the star of The Adventures of Harry Lime, a show produced in London and broadcast by the BBC from 1951 to 1952. The series was effectively an extended prequel to The Third Man, and in the United States, it was called The Lives of Harry Lime—a title that perfectly captures the chameleonic personality of the character.
Welles's unofficial debut in the world of radio broadcasting took place many years earlier, of course, while he was attending the Todd School for Boys in Woodstock, Illinois. At the well-endowed institution's radio station, he performed a Sherlock Holmes play that he had written. Welles's first professional gig, however, was with NBC's Cavalcade of America in 1935, a show that ran dramatizations of historical American events. He went on to work at other stations, including CBS, where he first met Joseph Cotten, who later became his lifelong friend and colleague. Welles's prodigious career in radio, which had triumphs as well as disastrous oddities, lasted well into the 1950s.
In The Lives of Harry Lime, the eponymous hero adopts different guises from episode to episode, sometimes a tourist, sometimes a reporter, but always a full-blown scoundrel. But since the tone of the show is more light-hearted than the movie, the Harry Lime of radio emerges less as a criminal mastermind than a bumbling small-time crook who finds himself in strangely comical straits. Every episode begins in true noir style with the sound of a gunshot followed by the 1949 film's famous zither theme and Harry's voice from beyond the grave, introducing the tales of his larger-than-life adventures:
That was the shot that killed Harry Lime. He died in a sewer beneath Vienna, as those of you know who saw the movie The Third Man. Yes, that was the end of Harry Lime, but it was not the beginning. Harry Lime had many lives, and I can recount all of them. How do I know? Very simple: because my name is Harry Lime.
The Third Man
The 29th episode of the series, "The Buzzo Gospel," also known as "The Dead Candidate," depicts one of Harry Lime's many failed schemes. Harry boards a ship to Mylenia, a South American island in the iron grip of a dictatorship, with the plan of infusing the fictional country with Buzzo, a soon-to-be popular American soft drink. Onboard he meets Susie, a fellow American, who mistakes him for a diplomat from the States coming to evaluate Mylenia's sham democracy. Susie happens to be the fiancée of Joaquimo, who happens to be a consul general in Washington for the Mylenian Republic and a political aide to Admiral Khuchybamba, the island's dictator.
Rattled by the news of the scrutiny, Admiral Khuchybamba tries to make a good, democratic impression on Harry, the supposed diplomat from the Land of the Free. The dictator has his mistress by his side, Lolita, who talks like Carmen Miranda. In a moment of panic, Joaquimo comes up with an ingenious idea involving party workers collecting names from graveyards in order to ensure a majority win. The master plan would end with an even more spectacular result.
"If you can improve your chances in political campaigns by using dead voters, why not make absolutely sure?" says Joaquimo to the utterly confused Admiral, who is completely distracted by Lolita crooning "Sweetmeat" and "Sugarplum" into his ears. "Fine. But how do you do it?" inquires the Admiral. "Isn't it obvious? A dead candidate!"
The Third Man
This is where Harry Lime comes in. Welles's character here is more like Joseph Cotten's Holly Martins, who stumbles upon a strange land, his goal skewed by a larger political plan that exists beyond his knowledge. Instead of evaluating civil rights in Mylenia, Harry's busy getting himself a date with Susie, where he discovers something else about himself.
Susie: Come closer.
Harry: Closer? Not bad.
Susie: No. Keep your head up. I want to get a look at you.
Driver: Ah, Señorita, you have noticed it as well.
Harry: [clears throat] Uh, driver, you're a very nice driver, I'm sure, but I wish you'd go away.
Driver: No, Señor, no. You will be needing me to drive you to the hospital.
Susie: It's true. You're coming out in spots. Isn't he, driver?
Driver: Yes, and just wait till you see him tomorrow morning.
Harry: Spots? What kind of spots?
Driver: Mylenian measles, Señor. That'll be three weeks at least, Señor—in quarantine!
Poor Harry nevertheless manages to get out of quarantine and confesses to Joaquimo his real identity. This only adds to his long list of bad decisions, for now he is accused of being an American spy and is immediately shipped off to jail. And Campo, the dead candidate, turns out to be not so dead after all. In fact, he's been working in Mylenia as a sales agent for Freezo, a company Joaquimo dismissively refers to as "another one of those soft drinks."
The Third Man
The Mylenian dictator's plan indeed ends in shambles but "The Buzzo Gospel" succeeds in its critique of American policies regarding international relations in 1950s. Reminiscent of Citizen Kane, the episode even takes a dig at the media's manipulative power by having Joaquimo scream over the telephone that he could "improve that headline" which ostensibly warns citizens about the poll fraud that he himself conceived. The episode's dip into ridiculous imperialism ends with Harry's quip: "Yes, democracy has come to Mylenia—by courtesy of Freezo."
Welles's radio rendition of Harry Lime is natural and relaxed, possibly because he was no longer being asked to crawl into a sewer (or wrestle with the fact that the producer of The Third Man never wanted him to play the character in the first place). In fact, Welles was so pleased with this particular episode that he developed the content into a film script, which never went into production. (It was, however, adapted into a French novel, Une grosse légume aka The Big Shot.) The radio show's peculiar humor, mixing human idiosyncrasy with jokes about political ideologies, somewhat suggests the work of The Goon Show, starring Peter Sellers, which was also broadcast by BBC in the mid-Fifties. It is unclear whether the Goons were inspired by The Adventures of Harry Lime, but they did do an episode spoofing international politics titled "Foiled by President Fred" which not only makes references to Harry Lime but features snatches of that inescapable zither music.
The Third Man is screening in a major restoration at Film Forum through July 9.


text:
The students of biology of 4DBH through Erasmus+ project visited Urdaibai Biosphere Reserve. Students received a lot of explanations about the ecological richness of the ares . Not only did students learn about the diversity of Urdaibai but also the y were taught to respect all the natural living beings. With all the information they received, they will create murals and PowerPoints about this viist.
Video of the visit
Video prepared by students about Urdaibai frm the geological point of view
PowerPoint and Prezi of Urdaibai as a natural heritage
A big mural was placed at school


text:
Around 5000 birds from 400 different species can be seen at the Jurong Bird Park, which is a part of River Wonder Singapore. These include the all-blue African Turaco perched on tall trees, black Tasmanian Swans floating in the water, and penguins from Antarctica lounging on the shore. On the western slope of Jurong Hill, 49 acres are taken up by the open flight aviaries and other show areas at Jurong, one of the largest aviaries in the world.
The Rio Aviary in Rio De Jenario served as inspiration for the creation of Jurong Bird Park Singapore, when Dr. Goh Keng Swee, the then-Minister of Finance, travelled to Brazil in 1967. For Singaporeans and guests to the industrial city since 1971, this park has been a haven of greenery. The dynamic surroundings, which are kept in sync with the natural habitat of every species of bird, provide an immersive experience for more than 800,000 visitors each year. Here is everything you need to know about Jurong Bird Park, which you can visit while in the city with a Singapore Visit visa.
Things To Do At Jurong Bird Park, Singapore
The Waterfall Aviary
The Jurong Bird Park Waterfall Aviary resembles a tropical rainforest with its 35-meter height and the tallest indoor waterfalls ever built. To fully appreciate the beauty of the aviary, you may see the rare bird species from the Hut or the hanging bridge. When you speak with the keepers, you can observe the colourful flights of vibrant starlings, Turacos with their hairdos, and other uncommon bird species. The keepers feed the birds twice a day at 10:30 and 2:30.
The Lory Loft
The bowl-shaped Lory Loft, a walk-in flying aviary, is home to a variety of coloured brush-tongued lorikeets that soar through the air. A two-tiered feeding tower with imported Lory dry mix, honey, and water is located in the middle of the aviary where you may hand-feed lori of 10 different kinds. This incredible encounter was designated one of the "Top 10 Best Family Experiences" by the Singapore Tourism Board. The Lory Loft is home to a variety of loris, including the Black-capped Lory, Blue-streaked Lory, Brown Lory, Red Lory, and Chattering Lory.
The gorgeous penguins, including the African, Humboldt, King, and Macaroni kinds, as well as the endangered Inca tern, Grey-headed Gull, and Atlantic Puffin species, are all found throughout the region known as the Penguin Coast. The glass wall is 30 metres wide and offers a continuous view of their 1630 square metre environment. The 500 kg of ice that is dumped each morning is where you could find the penguins having fun. The enclosure's temperature and lighting are adjusted to the penguins' biorhythm.
Flamingo Lake is home to these numerous flocks of pink beauties, who may be seen wandering the area and peering up at passers-by. Among the various flamingo species that reside here are the Greater Flamingo, Lesser Flamingo, Chilean Flamingo, and Caribbean Flamingo.
The underwater pelican viewing gallery at the Jurong Bird Park is the first of its kind and has a wide variety of pelican species, including Australian, Asian spot-billed, Dalmatian, Brown, American white, African pink-backed, and American white. You could see them diving and swooshing in their native habitat during the daily talk sessions.
Hornbill and Toucan Aviary
As you approach the Hornbill and Toucan Aviary, you will be welcomed by the loud honking of these magnificent birds. The collection of hornbills and toucans has 19 different species of hornbills in 27 aviaries, within a combined area of 2000 square metres. Hornbills, which are unrelated and may be found in sub-Saharan Africa, Asia, and Central and South America, have adapted to one another's environments and are depicted together in this case due to their similar physical traits and diets.
Birdz of Play
The Jurong Bird Park is entertaining for everyone, but Birdz of Play may be the most exciting place for your kids to play and learn because of its themed wet and dry play areas, multipurpose pavilion, and gaming rooms. Your children can learn about more than 250 different bird species at the Bird Discovery Centre in this region, which is set up like a real-world classroom.
King of the Skies
The Kings of the Skies Show is held at the Hawk Arena every day from 10:00 am to 4:00 pm. Some of the most potent predatory birds are included in this, including the Harris's hawk, the hooded vulture, and the white-tailed sea eagle. Other birds that will seek their prey in the vicinity include Brahminy kites, vultures, and Malay fish owls. Even better, you may participate in the show by honing your falconry skills.
Breeding and Research Centre (BRC)
The breeding and research facility include an incubator room and a nursery room where eggs from endangered bird species are kept. This region is where you may find the dusky lory, Asian fairy-bluebird, and Marigold lorikeet.
If you are a bird-watching enthusiast or just a nature lover, this is the place to be because after knowing all of not many people can resist this trip. This is a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity and everyone who gets pleasure enjoying nature and its elements needs to be here as soon as possible. Visiting Jurong Bird Park is also one of the best things to do in Singapore with kids. So grab your Singapore Tourist visa and visit Jurong Bird Park in Singapore.


The Council for Black Aging Community of Montreal Inc. exists to provide services; be an emotional support network; to organize activities and create opportunities for seniors to engage in social, recreational, cultural and educational activities; to prevent social isolation; foster their continued engagement in the community; enhance their quality of life; and to promote, encourage and assist seniors to maintain for as long as is possible, their autonomy and independence at home.


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Mosaic Rudenko - Little Red Riding Hood
Object: Rearrange the pieces to solve the puzzle Difficulty: Level 8 - Demanding Brand: Roscreative Type: Other Misc Puzzles Dimensions: 4.3 in x 4.7 in x 0.4 in / 11 cm x 12 cm x 1.1 cm
Warning! The puzzle of this package is all in Russian. The instructions are in Russian as well. I have translated the instructions here as best as I can.
The game offers a pleasant way to spend time
develops logical thinking
promotes the development of motor skills and coordination
develops the imagination
trains the memory.
Mosaic consists of sixteen tiles. Each tile - a fragment of the total picture. The goal: assemble a picture by moving the tiles on the slots. At the bottom of the game are clues. Rules of the game: two-way game. Assemble a picture on one side, flip the game on the other side and collect the new picture. One side: Little Red Riding Hood is the path to the house to her grandmother. Rearrange the tiles so that Little Red Riding Hood travels in the opposite direction.
Second side: Alternately, place one of the babies in blue or red circle.


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- Press Release
- Dec 9, 2022
New NASA Astronaut Shane Kimbrough Available for Interviews
After 18 months of intense training, Atlanta native and Army Lt. Col. Shane Kimbrough has graduated and is a NASA astronaut.
Kimbrough, a graduate of West Point and veteran of Operation Desert Storm, is available for interviews by satellite from 7 a.m. – 8 a.m. CST Friday, March 17. He and 10 classmates received official NASA astronaut pins in a private ceremony Feb. 10. Media interested in interviewing Kimbrough should contact Tiffany Travis at _PHONE_ by 4 p.m. CST March 15.
Kimbrough began his career with NASA in September of 2000, assigned to NASA's Aircraft Operations Division at Ellington Field in Houston. He was serving as a flight simulation engineer on the Shuttle Training Aircraft when selected for astronaut training in May 2004. The training included scientific and technical briefings, physiological training, water and land survival courses, T-38 flight instruction and space shuttle and International Space Station systems training.
Kimbrough is assigned as a mission specialist in the Astronaut Office's Safety Branch. Kimbrough graduated from West Point in 1989. He received a master's from the Georgia Institute of Technology in 1998. For biographical information on NASA astronauts on the Web, visit:
The interviews will be carried live on the NASA Television analog satellite. The coordinates are: satellite AMC-6, at 72 degrees west longitude, transponder 5C, 3800 MHz, vertical polarization, with audio at 6.8 MHz.


METAL FLOW DURING EXTRUSION OF NON-CIRCULAR SECTIONS
Authors
 - Beata Pawłowska
DOI:
_URL_
Keywords:
extrusion, metal flow, extrusion of non-circular sections, extrusion load
Abstract
The paper presents the analysis of nature of metal flow during extrusion of non-circular sections and determining the relationship between extrusion force and geometrical parameters of extrudate (the shape of the extrudate). Experimental procedure was curried out for the simplest cases of non-circular profiles (triangle, square, rectangular) of various geometrical parameters. The extrusion load and punch displacement have been registered during experimental work. By determining parameters of metal plastic flow (the depth of plastic zone Lp and the dead zone angle sm) it has been shown the difference in nature of metal flow during extrusion product differing in non-circular sections. This differentiation results in the complex nature of flow consequential from change with circular section of the billet to non-circular section of extrudate.
It has been shown that flow resistance can be different with regard to appearing configurations of deformation zones (the size and shape of plastic zone, dead and shear zones) and dependent from for example geometrical parameters of a die (shape and size of an die orifice).
Downloads
Published
2014-03-31
How to Cite
Pawłowska, B. . (2014). METAL FLOW DURING EXTRUSION OF NON-CIRCULAR SECTIONS. Acta Metallurgica Slovaca, 20(1), 28–34. _URL_


DOC HOME SITE MAP MAN PAGES GNU INFO SEARCH

gdc(ADMN)
gdc -- operational user interface for gated
Syntax
gdc [ -q ] [ -t seconds ] command
Description
gdc provides a user-oriented interface for the operation of the gated(ADMN) routing daemon. It provides support for starting and stopping the daemon, for the delivery of signals to manipulate the daemon when it is operating, for the maintenance and syntax checking of configuration files, and for the production and removal of state dumps and core dumps. gdc can reliably determine gated's running state and can produce a reliable exit status when errors occur, making it advantageous for use in shell scripts which manipulate gated. Commands executed using gdc and, optionally, error messages produced by the execution of those commands, are logged via the same syslogd(ADM) facility which gated itself uses, providing an audit trail of operations performed on the daemon.
The command-line options are:
-q
Run quietly. With this option, informational messages which are normally printed to the standard output are suppressed and error messages are logged via syslogd(ADM) instead of being printed to the standard error output. This is often convenient when running gdc from a shell script.
-t
Specifies the time in seconds which gdc will spend waiting for gated to complete certain operations, in particular at termination and startup. By default this value is set to 10 seconds.
The following commands cause signals to be delivered to gated for various purposes:
COREDUMP
Send an abort signal to gated, causing it to terminate with a core dump.
dump
Signal gated to dump its current state into the file /usr/tmp/gated.dump.
interface
Signal gated to recheck the interface configuration. gated normally does this periodically in any event, but the facility can be used to force the daemon to check interface status immediately when changes are known to have occurred.
KILL
Cause gated to terminate ungracefully. Normally useful when the daemon has hung.
reconfig
Signal gated to reread its configuration file, reconfiguring its current state as appropriate.
term
Signal gated to terminate after shutting down all operating routing protocols gracefully. Executing this command a second time should cause gated to terminate even if some protocols have not yet fully shut down.
toggletrace
If gated is currently tracing to a file, cause tracing to be suspended and the trace file to be closed. If gated tracing is currently suspended, cause the trace file to be reopened and tracing initiated. This is useful for moving trace files.
By default, gated obtains its configuration from a file normally named /etc/gated.conf. The gdc program also maintains several other versions of the configuration file, in particular named:
/etc/gated.conf+
The new configuration file. When gdc is requested to install a new configuration file, /etc/gated.conf+ is renamed /etc/gated.conf.
/etc/gated.conf-
The old configuration file. When gdc is requested to install a new configuration file, the previous /etc/gated.conf is renamed to /etc/gated.conf-.
/etc/gated.conf--
The really old configuration file. gdc retains the previous old configuration file under this name.
The following commands perform operations related to configuration files:
checkconf
Check /etc/gated.conf for syntax errors. This is usefully done after changes to the configuration file but before sending a reconfig signal to the currently running gated, to ensure that there are no errors in the configuration which would cause the running gated to terminate on reconfiguration. When this command is used, gdc issues an informational message indicating whether there were parse errors or not, and if so saves the error output in a file for inspection.
checknew
Like checkconf except that the new configuration file, /etc/gated.conf+, is checked instead.
newconf
Move the /etc/gated.conf+ file into place as /etc/gated.conf, retaining the older versions of the file as described above. gdc will decline to do anything when given this command if the new configuration file doesn't exist or otherwise looks suspect.
backout
Rotate the configuration files in the newer direction, in effect moving the old configuration file to /etc/gated.conf. The command will decline to perform the operation if /etc/gated.conf- doesn't exist or is zero length, or if the operation would delete an existing, non-zero length /etc/gated.conf+ file.
BACKOUT
Perform a backout operation even if /etc/gated.conf+ exists and is of non-zero length.
modeconf
Set all configuration files to mode 664, owner root, group gdmaint. This allows a trusted non-root user to modify the configuration files.
createconf
If /etc/gated.conf+ does not exist, create a zero length file with the file mode set to 664, owner root, group gdmaint. This allows a trusted non-root user to install a new configuration file.
The following commands provide support for starting and stopping gated and for determining its running state:
running
Determine if gated is currently running. This is done by checking to see if gated has a lock on the file containing its pid, if the pid in the file is sensible and if there is a running process with that pid. Exits with zero status if gated is running, non-zero otherwise.
start
Start gated. The command returns an error if gated is already running. Otherwise, it executes the gated binary and waits for up to the delay interval (10 seconds by default, as set with the -t option otherwise) until the newly started process obtains a lock on the pid file. A non-zero exit status is returned if an error is detected while executing the binary, or if a lock is not obtained on the pid file within the specified wait time.
stop
Stop gated, gracefully if possible, ungracefully if not. The command returns an error (with non-zero exit status) if gated is not currently running. Otherwise, it sends a terminate signal to gated and waits for up to the delay interval (10 seconds by default, as specified with the -t option otherwise) for the process to exit. Should gated fail to exit within the delay interval, it is then signaled again with a second terminate signal. Should it fail to exit by the end of the second delay interval, it is signaled for a third time with a kill signal. This should force immediate termination unless something is very broken. The command terminates with zero exit status when it detects that gated has terminated, non-zero otherwise.
restart
If gated is running, it is terminated via the same procedure as is used for the stop command above. When the previous gated terminates, or if it was not running prior to command execution, a new gated process is executed using the procedures described for the start command above. A non-zero exit status is returned if any step in this procedure appears to have failed.
The following commands allow the removal of files created by the execution of some of the commands above:
rmcore
Removes any existing gated core dump file.
rmdump
Removes any existing gated state dump file.
rmparse
Removes the parse error file generated when a checkconf or checknew command is executed and syntax errors are encountered in the configuration file being checked.
Limitations
Many commands only work when gated is installed in the system directory it was configured with.
Files
/etc/gated
the gated binary
/etc/gated.conf
current gated configuration file
/etc/gated.conf+
newer configuration file
/etc/gated.conf-
older configuration file
/etc/gated.conf--
much older configuration file
/etc/gated.pid
where gated stores its pid
/usr/tmp/gated.dump
gated's state dump file
/usr/tmp/%s_parse
where configuration file parse errors go
/usr/tmp
where gated drops its core file
See also
gated(ADMN), gated.conf(SFF), ripquery(ADMN), syslog(SLIB)
© 2003 Caldera International, Inc. All rights reserved.
SCO OpenServer Release 5.0.7 -- 11 February 2003


text:
ASHVILLE, Ala. (AP) — Biologists this week waded through creeks in Alabama searching for tiny fish, documenting them as party of a study of aquatic wildlife in the region.
The Anniston Star reports (_URL_ that the scientists were taking part in a "fish blitz" aimed at identifying and documenting fish that live in the headwaters of Terrapin Creek and in Big Canoe Creek near Ashville and Springville.
This week and next, the scientists will visit about three dozen sites along the two creeks to do biological monitoring. Their findings will be part of a report by the Geological Survey of Alabama.
The biologists expect that report to be used for decades to help officials and private landowners make land management decisions.
The findings could also help restore populations of endangered species and improve water quality across Alabama.


text:
The Ottawa Jail Hostel is a hostel operated by Hostelling International and located at 75 Nicholas Street in the city of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. The hostel was originally the Carleton County Gaol, more commonly known as the Nicholas Street Gaol or Ottawa Jail. When the jail closed in 1972, Hostelling International purchased and converted the building, but left much of the structure intact, allowing guests to experience spending a night "in jail". The top floor, which had served as the jail's death row, has been restored to much of its original condition and daily tours are conducted.
In 2009, the hostel's bar, Mugshots, was opened to the public. In July 2011, the courtyard space of the former jail was converted into an outdoor bar for the summer months.
The gallows at the rear of the jail (doors closed), from a public spectator's point of view.
A view of the gallows (doors closed) from within the jail's exercise yard. Note the trap door above the window.
The Nicholas Street Gaol was the main jail of Ottawa for over a century. The structure was built in 1862 next door to the courthouse, and connected by a tunnel. Designed by Henry Horsey, the jail was the site of the hanging of Patrick J. Whelan on February 11, 1869, for the assassination of Thomas D'Arcy McGee. Over 5,000 people witnessed Whelan's hanging, which was a large number considering the size of Ottawa at the time. Staff and guests have reported that Whelan's spirit is one of many that haunts the hostel and will appear at the end of guests' beds or in his death-row cell. The third (official) and final execution at the jail took place on March 27, 1946, when Eugène Larment, who had killed an Ottawa police detective, was hanged. The building remained in use as a jail until 1972 when the outdated facility was closed. The original gallows, however, are intact and remain fully functional. While open, the jail inflicted very inhumane conditions upon those imprisoned there and modern day excavations of the property have revealed numerous unmarked graves. Up to 150 prisoners, consisting of men, women, and children, would be forced to share 60 small cells (1x3 meters) and 30 larger cells (2x3 meters); as well as six solitary confinement units. Inmates included murderers, the mentally ill, or those incarcerated for minor infractions such as drunk and disorderly conduct.


text:
2017 PEDESTRIAN MODELLING & VISUALISATION SHOWCASE
DATE: 2017 | CLIENT: Internal
- High quality 3D rendered video
- High quality 3D rendered still images
- Utilising VISWALK for more dynamic pedestrian movements
- Advanced linking between VISSIM/VISWALK and 3D Studio Max
- Specially developed pedestrian models and animation
As part of the ongoing in house development programme, Multimodal built detailed 3D models based around three areas which had been previously modelled for traffic or pedestrian studies. These areas were:
- London Victoria station
- A London-based international sports stadium
- London Bridge
The original VISSIM models had to be thoroughly prepared by inputting VISWALK elements such as pedestrian areas, routes and obstacles.
There was also a need to develop and update the library of 3D models used for vehicles, pedestrians and cyclists, which meant remodelling all of the motion capture for animation and developing a new VISSIM and VISWALK library of objects based on these new models, allowing full linking between VISSIM and the 3D modelling and rendering package used.
Once this was achieved and fully calibrated, all network elements and animation were exported from VISSIM/VISWALK, and bought into the 3D modelling package, where simple geometry and transport models were replaced with detailed models to allow a more photo-real output.


text:
Mental Health Nursing: Connect with People
What is mental health nursing?
Mental health nursing is a specialised field of nursing whose main focus is on a person's subjective experiences. Mental health nursing's primary tool to understand a patient's inner world is the therapeutic nurse-patient relationship. Mental health nursing focuses on the mind of the patient with mental illness and problems, and how they relate about themselves and the world. Mental health nurses work in collaborative arrangement with patients including promotion of:
- Psychological well-being and emotional health
- Relationships with others and their peace of mind.
What do mental health nurses do?
Mental health nurses monitor the biological dimensions of mental illness through medication administration and behavioural observations and interpretation in general. In line with current trends and reforms, mental health nurses protect patients' rights and support their families, carers and significant others.
Want a fantastic career that lets you work in a range of settings and can take you interstate or overseas?
Visit the ACMHN Ambassador's Website
How do I become a mental health nurse?
With an undergraduate degree in nursing you can register to practice as a nurse and work in most mental health settings. However, to become a specialist, most nurses go on to study mental health at Graduate Diploma or Masters Level. Find out more about postgraduate mental health nursing study.
Specialist mental health nurses may also undertake additional training in specific therapies, such as couple and family therapy.
Mental Health Nurses are in demand across Australia. Scholarships to study mental health nursing are available through the Commonwealth Department of Health and Ageing (DoHA) and through each State and Territory Department of Health.


text:
USC Office of Classroom Scheduling
Responsiblities and Functions:
- Assigns 218 university general use classrooms (auditoria, lecture classrooms,
seminar rooms) for the majority of classes held on the University Park
- Accommodates time, day, and room changes in general use classrooms.
- Reserves available classroom space for one-day and special event reservations
coordinated through authorized departmental personnel.
- Coordinates the rescheduling of classes during the final examination period.
- Surveys general use classrooms to determine condition of rooms and make
- Maintains records and data on general use classrooms.
- Prepares classroom space utilization reports.
To reserve a room, click here:


Examination of Iraqi EFL Teachers' Attitudes, Intentions, and Practices Regarding Formative Assessment
Document Type : Original Research Article
English Department, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq.
This study aims to explore the attitudes and practices of Iraqi EFL teachers regarding formative assessment (FA). A total of 102 teachers from primary school to university filled in the Arabic version of Teachers' Conceptions and Practices of Formative Assessment Questionnaire. The questionnaire was translated from English into Arabic first and was validated using confirmatory factor analysis (Hazim Jawad, 2020). Findings showed that a 7-factor model had acceptable fit indices (GFI=0.90, CFI=0.91, RMSEA=0.05). Descriptive statistics were used to explain Iraqi EFL teachers' attitudes and intentions regarding FA. Findings showed that the majority of Iraqi teachers believe that formative assessment is a useful procedure for measuring students' learning and is helpful in their education. They also indicated that they have a positive attitude towards FA and are willing to use it. Correlational analysis showed that Affective Attitude, Instrumental Attitude, Subjective Norm, Controllability, and Self-Efficacy were strong predictors of intentions to use formative assessment. However, only Instrumental Attitude had a small significant correlation with the Behavior Scale. In other words, those teachers who believe that FA is useful in improving students learning tend to actually employ FA in their teaching. Findings also showed that female teachers have more positive attitudes towards FA and tend to use it more in their teaching. Implications of the findings for improving English language teaching are discussed.


text: Passenger boarding stairs, sometimes referred to as 'air-stairs', 'boarding ramps', 'stair car' or 'aircraft steps', provide a mobile means to traverse between aircraft doors and the ground. Because larger aircraft have door sills 5 to 20 feet high, stairs facilitate safe boarding and deplaning. While smaller units are generally moved by being towed or pushed, larger units are self-powered. Most models have adjustable height to accommodate various aircraft. Optional features may include canopy, heat, supplementary lighting and red carpet.


These bus terminals eliminate the need for small stepper motors up to 200 W to have remote amplifiers. With a size of only 12 mm, the KL2531 Bus Terminal is designed for simple integration into a 24-Vdc control-voltage system. Its peak current is 1.5 A/phase. KL2541 modules offer higher performance comparable to that of small servodrives. They provide a peak current of 5 A to generate a torque of 5 Nm in conjunction with a standard stepper motor. The supply voltage of up to 50 Vdc enables high speeds with torque. The KL2541 has an integrated incremental encoderinterface. Both stepper-motor terminals provide two controlled sine/cosine currents. A 25-kHz current-control enables smooth current output without resonance. The current resolution is 64 steps per period: 64-fold microstepping. A standard motor with a 1.8° step angle runs smoothly and can be set to up to 12,800 electronic positions per turn.
Beckhoff Automation LLC
12204 Nicollet Ave. S
Burnsville, MN 55337
_PHONE_


I would like to control my dc motor using the Arduino Uno WiFi Rev2 using an html range slider. Now I can control the motors speed and direction using push buttons just fine. My code is posted below of what I've done so far.
client.println(".class-name{writing-mode: bt-lr; webkit-appearance: slider-vertical;width: 8px;height: 175px;padding: 0 5px;}");
client.println("");
This code below is the current button code. I need the below code to be used by the slider code above:
if (currentLine.endsWith("GET /MONFWD")) {
digitalWrite(MOTOR_A_ONE, HIGH); // Establishes forward direction of Channel A
delay(1000); // DELAY BEFORE RELEASING BRAKE
digitalWrite(MOTOR_A_TWO, LOW); // Disengage the Brake for Channel A
analogWrite(MOTOR_A_ENGAGE, 255); // Spins the motor forward on Channel A at full speed
 - 1
 And what is your question? You didn't ask one. Please describe, what exactly your problem is in writing the needed code. – chrisl Oct 18 '19 at 1:05
Here's an example of slider that changes a Servo speed, In html page code you have to add this:

 Value:
var slider = document.getElementById("myRange");
var output = document.getElementById("demo");
output.innerHTML = slider.value;
slider.onchange = function() {
 output.innerHTML = this.value;
function pwm_change(val) {
 var xhttp = new XMLHttpRequest();
 xhttp.open("GET", "setPWM?PWMval="+val, true);
In arduino you have to define handler like this:
void handle_pwm() {
 String pwm_val = server.arg("PWMval"); // reading from slider on html pagae
 Serial.print("slider val: ");
int pwm_value = map(pwm_val.toInt(), 0, 1023, 0, 180);
server.send(200,"text/plane","0"); // handling the webpage update
And define servo and handler in Setup() section:
void setup(void){
server.on("/setPWM", handle_pwm);
 - I'm not using the servo.h library...I'm using a motor shield which already works with the push buttons....if I ignore the servo.write and servo.attach arguments the code should work fine correct? – PilotinControl Oct 18 '19 at 18:14
 - Also the above code is not compatible with the Arduino Uno WiFi Rev 2. It does not use server.on or server.arg – PilotinControl Oct 18 '19 at 20:44
 - no difference, you can follow the above example for both motor shield and Uno WIFI board, just replace servo.write() command with motor.setSpeed() for changing DC motor's speed in motor shield.just need to map slider value (0-1023) to your motor speed range,that is usually (0-255). And by using libraries like WiFiNINA, you can have server.xyz arguments for Uno Wifi board so. – M sayeh Oct 18 '19 at 21:46
 - I am using the WiFiNINA library and there are no equivalents for server.arg and server.on except for client.read and client.println. Also no matter where I put the function handle_pwm it throws errors. The slider works fine as I did change the values there. Its getting the function to line up with the slider that its not working. I currently have 3 push buttons that work. Motor FWD, MotorREV and MotorBrake those work fine. I just need a slider to control the motor speed smoothly – PilotinControl Oct 18 '19 at 23:04
 - the above example is originally written for Nodemcu board,It enjoys much easier libraries to parse http requests,like ESP8266 WebServer lib including server.arg command and etc... for Arduino Uno WiFi Rev 2,it is not seemingly as various as nodemcu,so,you should deal with the http requests with commands like client.read(), currentLine.endsWith() and equivalents like this. – M sayeh Oct 19 '19 at 0:00
Your Answer


text:
Archaeological excavations have taken place in Clare over the last couple of weeks (April and March 2011). Upwards of 200 people from a wide cross-section of the community have been involved with the project in one way or another.
The project started with the pupils at Clare Middle School taking time away from their studies to help the people of Clare explore the history of the town. Teams of teachers and students investigated what lay beneath the gardens of Clare, digging a total of 15 test pits. Everyone had a huge amount of fun whilst digging the test pits and the experts were on hand to help and advise.
Many people generously allowed the school's teams to dig up their gardens where they were unable to do so themselves. The teams were in search of artefacts left behind by previous residents of the town. Their finds showed evidence of occupation stretching back over thousands of years.
The following weekend, the general public continued test pitting across more gardens in the town. Another 17 test pits were dug over the weekend by couples, families, extended families, old friends and new friends alike.
Everyone had a great deal of fun and worked extremely hard to get everything finished in time for the closing discussions at the end of the last day. We found lots of interesting things during the project and will be publishing a final report on the website as soon as it's available. A final report will be produced early next year along with a talk given to Clare Archaeological and Historical Society by Carenza Lewis. Preliminary reports are available from the Access Cambridge Archaeology website.


text: This article investigates the source and impact of artifacts produced by ordered linear interpolation techniques on variationally retrieved updraft intensities. Qualitative reasoning for the generation of periodic perturbations in gridded products is presented, and a simple analytical investigation into the impact of gridding artifacts on updraft retrieval is carried out. By projecting a nonconvergent flow typical of Darwin, Australia, onto the viewing geometry of a scanning radar, a numerical assessment of the impact of gridding artifacts is carried out. A simple enhancement to ordered linear interpolation, mixed-order linear interpolation, is proposed to reduce gridding artifacts. Radial velocity grids produced using both techniques are used to investigate the generation of spurious updrafts, with the simple ordered linear interpolation technique producing erroneous updrafts on the order of 2 m s-1. To investigate the impact on vertical velocities retrieved from a real weather event, radar-derived measurements taken during the active monsoon phase of Tropical Warm Pool International Cloud Experiment are gridded using both techniques, and vertical velocities are retrieved and contrasted.


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Yes, there is a slight difference (although it appears there's no complete consensus on this).
A classifier, in linguistics (not just in Mandarin), is a word or morpheme used to express that a countable noun belongs to a semantic class. Here "semantic class" means a category of referents with some common traits; if we think about how classifiers work in Chinese, this is easy to understand.
For example, the classifier 条 is used for long, narrow and flexible objects. So when we say:
we are implying that the fish belongs to a class of things that, more or less, share the same properties: long, narrow and flexible. That is the semantic class, and that's why the classifier is called classifier.
Therefore, by using a different classifier, we offer a different classification of that object. When we say:
we are conveying that fish belongs to the category, or class, of things that go in "groups" (in "schools" actually!!!).
Now, English does have measure words: these are mostly nouns with their own meaning that work as units of measurement for mass nouns, which are not countable. They come in the form
a something of . Let's consider the word water. In English we can't count it ("one water", "two waters"). So when we need to quantify a certain amount of water, we have to use a word that describes a precise unit of measurement, for example:
a drop of water
a liter of water
an ocean of water
This definition of measure words works in Chinese too. The difference being that in Chinese there are classifiers proper and measure words. So what's actually the difference?
Classifiers are not standalone words, they don't have meaning on their own; and as in English, they still can't accompany mass nouns (consider 两个水 vs 两升水)
Measure words are words with a precise meaning, which can also work as units of measurement; and they can accompany mass nouns.
Her and Hsieh, On the Semantic Distinction between Classifiers and
Measure Words in Chinese propose also the following definitions, based on tests to appraise whether a certain counter word is a classifier or a measure word:
Classifiers classify or categorize nouns by highlighting some salient or inherent properties of the noun and thus contribute no additional meaning.
Measure words, on the other hand, play a substantive role in denoting the quantity of the entity named by the noun.
So, saying 一条鱼 does not add new information to what we already know about a fish. A fish is inherently a long and flexible object (mostly; an inflated puffer fish maybe is not "long"). Hence, 条 is a classifier proper. Whereas saying 一箱鱼 does add new information, we are saying that the fish comes in crates, where fish, in itself, doesn't inherently come in crates. Hence, in this example 箱 is a measure word.
In conclusion, classifiers proper stress the existence of an essential feature of the counted noun, whereas measure words stress a transient, not inherent (accidental) numerical feature.


Grading Requirement
Kata badges and grading requirements
All students must have achieved the required number of training hours and courses (course attendance and grading history is kept in the back of the students licenses.) before any grading can be considered.
Under Sixteens
In order to ensure that the students are of the correct standard for each grading, they must also have achieved the correct Kata badges for the level grade they wish to take.
To be awarded a badge the student must demonstrate to the instructor that they can complete the required Kata correctly. There is no limit to the number of attempts a student can make for each Kata badge but only two attempts are allowed per training session.
Adult members 16+ are not required to complete the Kata Badge's but they must have demonstrated to the instructor that they can complete the necessary Kata to the required standard.


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What is the speed of a helicopter rotor?
Depending on the model and size of the helicopter, a helicopter's blades, which are between 40-60ft long, spin from about 225 RPM to 500 RPM. Speed is determined by the power of the rotor and the length of the blade.
Do helicopter rotors break the sound barrier?
The current development of hybrid/compound helicopters like the Airbus/Eurocopter X3 have been testing the slowing of main rotor rpm when at higher cruise speeds to prevent the main rotor tips breaking the sound barrier. As of yet, there is no helicopter in production that has a varying speed main rotor.
What sound do helicopter rotors make?
When a helicopter is making an approach, the main rotor blades can move into the path of a vortex produced by the blades ahead, producing a sound called "blade slap."
Can a helicopter fly faster than sound?
When a helicopter flies forward, the rotor blades experience a dramatic variation in airspeed. To complicate matters further, portions of the tip of a fast-flying helicopter's advancing blade can exceed the speed of sound, producing shock waves that cause large vibrations and generate considerable noise.
Are helicopters constant speed?
Conventional helicopters have constant-speed rotors and adjust lift by varying the blade angle of attack or collective pitch. Reducing the rotational speed and increasing the angle of attack can therefore give a significant reduction in rotor drag, allowing lower fuel consumption.
How much can a helicopter lift?
But just how much weight can a construction helicopter lift? Light utility helicopters frequently lift between 1,200 and 4,000 pounds. On the other end of the spectrum is the M-26–the world's largest heavy-lift helicopter–which is capable of transporting up to 44,000 pounds.
Is it loud inside a helicopter?
In the majority of today's commercial aircraft the level of cabin noise is generally lower than 80 dBA. However, in most helicopters the levels could be considerably higher, reaching the values beyond 100 dBA in some older production models and higher power settings.
Is a silent helicopter possible?
The good news is that there is no such thing as silent, stealth black helicopters. The extremely loud noise made by helicopter blades results primarily from the blades chopping through eddies in their own wakes, a phenomenon known as blade-vortex interaction.
Why do helicopters sound so loud?
The researchers explained that most of the noise is generated by the helicopter's main rotor. When the rotor spins, air pressure decreases above it and increases below it. This is what causes the helicopter to rise. Air flows around the blade to even out the pressure difference and creates a concentrated vortex.
Do helicopters have speed limits?
Due to these limiting factors, the maximum forward speed of a helicopter is limited to about 250 mph (402 km/h). Drawing a very close comparison to the theory, the world speed record for a helicopter is 249.10 mph (400.80 km/h).
How do helicopters increase speed?
From a straight and level flight, push forward the collective slowly and smoothly → The speed increases. As the cyclic is pushed forward, the altitude decreases → Raise up the collective. Anticipate the moment where the helicopter will reach the desired speed by checking the speed indicator.
How many feet per second does a helicopter rotor tip go?
It is this phenomenon which ultimately limits the rotational speed of the blades and the maximum speed of the helicopter. Let's look at the R22 as an example. The following figures are approximate. The rotor tip speed is about 670 fps (feet per second). The speed of sound at ground level on a standard day is about 1100 fps.
How does the speed of a helicopter blade affect its speed?
When the helicopter is in motion, the rotor tip speed depends on the speed of the helicopter and the blade's rotational velocity. It is possible for the rotor blade to exceed the speed of sound.
How many RPM does a full size helicopter spin?
Answer Wiki. Full size helicopters main rotor spins between 250 and 600 rpm the larger the rotor the slower it turns the tip speed of the blade is the limiting factor.
How often do the tips of a helicopter go supersonic?
The blade tips do not go supersonic. In fact, in nearly all helicopter designs, the rotor rotates within a very narrow range of speeds, typically between 90% and 110% of the normal speed. In most flight regimes, the rotor is rotating at 100%, +/- a few percent, whether you are climbing, descending or cruising.


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The purpose of the NOAA Grants Online project is to provide a fast, coherent, flexible, and robust application to support the Grants evaluation, award, and long-term management and operations process. Grants Online will deliver a standardized set of capabilities for viewing, retrieving, modifying, and deleting applicationand award-related information, including (but not limited to) applications, awards, amendments, audits, proposal scoring and commentary, budget and finance information, and technical and panel reviewer information.
The equivalent of the System Specification portion of the project in project management practices
This award was for the equivalent of the System Specification portion of the project. The contractor for the System Specification portion of the contract produced the following deliverables:
- A complete set of business and system use cases
- An architecture road map, which provided an overview of the key architectural attributes and decisions that would be made to develop the system
- An initial draft of the project's Configuration Management Plan
- A Development Case, illustrating which artifacts should be created and developed from the Rational Unified Process
- A draft of the Requirements Management Plan
- A Reference Architecture document, containing a proposed reference architecture for the Grants Online system
- A Unified Modeling Language (UML) model
- A list of key project risks with suggested mitigation steps
- A Supplementary Requirements Specification
- A Vision document explaining why the system is needed, who the stakeholders are, the environment, and other key information
It is far easier to produce a proposal (with a realistic schedule and budget estimates) with this accompanying information. Accordingly, RFPs with this accompanying information are more likely to receive accurate bids, and they have a better chance of concluding successfully.
Organizations that are considering implementing a two-stage acquisition model (with one contract for Inception/Elaboration and another for Construction/Transition) should consult Appendix B, "Implementing a Two-Stage Procurement Process." It discusses the artifacts that should be produced by the system specification contract and included in the RFP for the System Realization Contract.


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IVL assist SKF to analyze the environmental impact of bearing business in China
IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute and the company SKF have established a strategic partnership to collaborate on low-carbon environmental initiatives and innovative practices within the company's bearing business in China.
As industries worldwide aim to reduce their carbon impact, companies are faced with new challenges. There is a growing emphasis on implementing carbon-neutral management throughout the product life cycle, encompassing aspects such as production and energy usage.
In the current project IVL utilizes LCA methodology to conduct environmental impact analyses on products and their entire life cycles. The results are presented based on the requirements of product category rules (PCR) issued by the EPD system, providing a comprehensive assessment of the environmental impacts. Together the companies collaborate to achieve carbon emission reduction throughout the entire value chain, incorporating standardized life cycle assessment calculations for bearing products, international EPD system certification, and the application of clean technologies.
– The project primarily focuses on the sustainable practices of SKF China's entire value chain. SKF China has sought the support of IVL in establishing environmental impact-related standards and leading the bearing industry in terms of product category rules and consulting for bearing development and life cycle assessment, says Juanjuan YAO, project manager at IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute.
For more information, please contact:
Juanjuan YAO, _EMAIL_


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Easter does not arrive on the table of the Italians if "Colomba" (dove) is missing. The Easter cake takes its name from its shape of a dove, which in the Christian tradition is a symbol of peace and love and well alongside the egg that represents the Resurrection.
Behind the origin of this dessert, at least as we know it today, there is a mainly commercial operation of the Milanese company Motta, already specialized in the industrial production of Panettone. Milan, 1930s: the Mantuan artist and advertiser Dino Villani, creator of the competition that will later become Miss Italy, comes up with the idea of using the same machinery that Motta used for Panettone, to create a new Easter cake with a very similar recipe. This is how the Easter "Colomba" was born and success was immediate.
However, it is likely that Easter cakes in the shape of a dove already existed in Lombardy because there are various legends about this cake. The first in 572, when King Alboin besieged the city of Pavia. After three years, the Pavesi surrendered to the barbarians and, to avoid their fury, they gave them sweets in the shape of a dove. This gesture of peace averted the sacking and earned Pavia the title of capital of the new Lombard kingdom.
Also set in Lombard Pavia, another legend tells that, around 610, Queen Theodolinda hosted a group of Irish pilgrims led by San Colombano and offered them a sumptuous banquet. Since they were in Lent, the saint declined the offer but ended up offending the sovereign. The diplomatic incident was avoided because the saint blessed the banquet miraculously transforming it into white doves of bread.
According to the last legend, the origin of the dove dates back to the battle of Legnano (1176), when the Municipalities of the Lombard League defeated Emperor Frederick Barbarossa. The leader, after seeing two doves alight on the insignia of the League, interpreted it as a good omen and had his loaves in the shape of a dove, to encourage his men. And it worked.
Whatever the origin of this dessert, now in Italy on Easter day everyone buys and gives their loved ones a "Colomba".
Read more about Easter on the blog:
Learn Italian in Italy in Florence, Milan, Rome, Turin and Viareggio
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The Richest Man in Babylon – Book Summary
Richest Man in Babylon Cover
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This book is created from the ancient tablet found in the rich city of Babylon. This tablet consists of timeless principles on finance and considered a cure to the lean purse problem. It is said the most of the famous principles of investing and finance are derived from this tablet.
Any person who wants to learn personal finance principles in short stories should read this book. This covers topics about luck in a person's life to things to consider when lending principles. The principles mentioned in the tablet made Babylon a rich city along with the people living in it.
The Richest Man in Babylon
This chapter starts off with a story about two friends, Bansir and Kobi, discussing how they dreamt about having lots of wealth. Both friends dreamt about having lots of gold coins to make their purses fat but till today failed to do it.
They start to wonder the reason behind it but fail to realize. Kobi witnesses a rich person in a golden chariot and clothes made of fine silk wonder about his secret for his wealth. Bansir soon realized that the rich person was their school Arkad and was also the richest man in Babylon.
Bansir and Kobi then decide to take the guidance and understand the secret behind the wealth. Arkad being childhood friend agrees to share his secret with them.
Arkad mentioned that
 - Every person when receiving the salary should at least save 10% of the income before paying off the bills or making any purchases.
 - The saved money should be put at work where it starts multiplying itself and further generating more wealth.
 - Advice is one thing that everyone gives for free, but advice should be taken from individuals from expertise in their respective fields only. Eg investing tips on finance should be taken from a finance expert and not a gambler.
 - Staying away from the investment opportunity that promises exorbitant returns as those are huge risks and way to lose the money. A small return with assured safe investment is always better.
Cure for the Lean Purse
 This chapter describes to the reader the ways to increase saving. Once King of Babylon was facing the problem of poverty and the decline of trade in the kingdom. Facing this problem the King called up Arkad once again to solve this problem.
Arkad along with King decided to share the financial learning with the people in the kingdom that he had learned all along with his life. Arkad starts his story mentioning that he had started with a humble beginning.
For every money you receive, keep one-tenth of the money and eventually, it will increase money in saving which will help you feel good.
To have a clear understanding between necessary expenses with desire, if one does not have a clear budgeting system in place will eventually have empty pockets by the end of the month. So have a budget for expenses for and clear understanding of necessary expenses. Limit your expenses to 90% of your earning.
Saving 10 % of earnings is the start. The next step is investing the money so that it starts multiplying itself. This starts producing a stream of income contributing to one's wealth.
Learning to guard small amounts of money before handling large amounts of money. Not being misleading to make huge wealth rapidly.
Ensuring a future income. A person should plan certain investments or provisions that may endure safely for many years. Provide in advance for the needs of the growing age and the protection of the family.Increasing your earning ability cultivate the power by studying and becoming wiser, to become more skillful. This will increase the wealth of the individual.
Understanding Luck
This story starts with King of Babylon along with his advisors one fine evening discussing luck. King wanted to understand luck and if there was any way to attract it.
Each subject in the meeting mentioned instances where some had luck and some misfortune. Then the discussion turned to create money through gambling. Most of the time creating riches from gambling is not possible. The gambling house creates odds in such a way that the person playing has more probability of losing money compared to winning the money.
As the discussion continued the conclusion was drawn that good luck comes to those who accept the opportunity. Most of the time people are not able to take action on the opportunity and fall prey to procrastination.
While luck follows in such a way that the men take quick action on the opportunity desiring to be lucky. The spirit of procrastination follows men that they tend to delayed action and in the event, the opportunity is lost.
Once a person understands the procrastination and masters it then he is truly on the path of creating riches for himself. The ending note of this chapter is the men who take action are favored by the goddess of luck.
Babylonian Proverb
Babylonian Proverb
The Five Laws of Wealth
Here is the story where the richest man in Babylon Arkad tests the wealth management skills of his son named Nomasir. Nomasir was asked to prove his earning and management skill after which the wealth created by Arkad will be passed on to him.
While Nomasir embarked on this journey he was given some gold coin and the tablet which mentioned the five laws of wealth. Nomasir lost all the gold coins which were handed to him. The son persisted and followed the five principles of wealth and returned with bags filled with gold.
The five laws of wealth
 1. The more money is saved, the more readily it comes in increased quantities. The money which is saved earns more money, and it earns more & more.
 2. Every man who saves some money aside, opportunity comes for its most profitable use that it surprisingly multiplies itself.
 3. Money clings to the protection of the cautious owner who invests it under the advice of men wise in its handling.
 5. Money flees from the man who would force it to impossible earnings or who follows the alluring advice of tricksters and schemers or who trusts it to his own inexperience desires in investment.
Gold Lender of Babylon
This story teaches about lending. This solves the dilemma regarding lending and how to lend money or invest money in the business. The story revolves around the spear maker named Rodan in the city of Babylon. Rodan was gifted gold coins by the King for his craftsmanship.
Rodan's sister came to know about this and asked Rodan to lend that gold coin so her husband could start a business. Rodan was not sure whether this investment was the best option.
Rodan went to a moneylender named Mathon who would lend money to people to start their business. Rodan wanted to seek the counsel of the expert. Mathon seeing that Random wanted to make the best use of the money was a delight and shared his wisdom.
Rules of Lending
 - Help friends in such a way that it will not bring in the burden of friends on to yourself
 - When lending, always secure a token as security so that if the person fails to pay back the money, the lender's money is not lost.
 - The safest loans are those whose possessions are of more value than the one they desire.
 - Lending money to people always asks about their plan of repaying the money back. Check the knowledge of the person and their source of money generation.
 - Never be swayed by mentions or obligation to trust money to other people.
 - Not investing money in risky opportunities where there is a chance of losing money is always better than investing in these opportunities.
understanding Lending
Tablets from the Richest Man in Babylon
Along the chapter, the author mentions that his archaeological team found ancient clay tablets. The clay tablets mentioned words for leading a life of happiness and success.
Words from Tablets
 - A man should keep doing the deeds which makes it worthwhile for his nation & people. This in return will get respect from the nation and people.
 - Taking good care of wife and family as they add in the additional strength to man's vision
 - seeking easy wealth is the way to find disaster and to see oneself in the debts
 - If you truly seek to undo your mistake and ask for forgiveness with clear intentions most of the time you will receive forgiveness.
This book uncovered that people who desired wealth had an understanding of how money works. People of Babylon discovered the money principle which made the people and the city the richest city at its time. It is really amazing how the money principles have stayed the same for ages and are used even today with few tweaks.
One-Line Take-Away
 - Always set 10% of income and invest it in the right places.
 - Getting rich overnight schemes are all risk opportunities to lose money.
 - Learning and cultivating the right mindset is a must to make a person wealthy.
Book Recommended
This is a small book who is looking to understand how money works but is written in old English. This book has stories to make each reader understand money principles and also inspire along the way.
Score – 7/10
Roopesh Bhosle is an author at Hackedwits and writes on summary for books from Business and Finance. A Project Manager at day and content writer at night. Love to learn new things, to connect dots in life. Connect with me on LinkedIn for collaboration on project or Guest Post
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Open ocean DMS air/sea fluxes over the eastern South Pacific Ocean
Published Web Locationhttps://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-_PHONE_
Air/sea fluxes of dimethylsulfide (DMS) were measured by eddy correlation over the Eastern South Pacific Ocean during January 2006. The cruise track extended from Manzanillo, Mexico, along 110° W, to Punta Arenas, Chile. Bulk air and surface ocean DMS levels were also measured and gas transfer coefficients (kDMS) were computed. Air and seawater DMS measurements were made using chemical ionization mass spectrometry (API-CIMS) and a gas/liquid membrane equilibrator. Mean surface seawater DMS concentrations were 3.8±2.2 nM and atmospheric mixing ratios were 340±370 ppt. The air/sea flux of DMS was uniformly out of the ocean, with an average value of 12±15 μmol m−2 d−1. Sea surface concentration and flux were highest around 15° S, in a region influenced by shelf waters and lowest around 25° S, in low chlorophyll gyre waters. The DMS gas transfer coefficient exhibited a linear wind speed-dependence over the wind speed range of 1 to 9 m s−1. This relationship is compared with previously measured estimates of k from DMS, CO2, and dual tracer data from the Atlantic and Pacific Ocean, and with the NOAA/COARE gas transfer model. The model generated slope of k vs. wind speed is at the low end of those observed in previous DMS field studies.


Auxiliary constructions that yield spaces that are not CW complexes must be used on occasion. One basic result is that the representable functors on the homotopy category have a simple characterisation (the Brown representability theorem).
 - CW complexes are locally contractible.
 - CW complexes satisfy the Whitehead theorem: a map between CW complexes is a homotopy-equivalence if and only if it induces an isomorphism on all homotopy groups.
 - The product of two CW complexes can be made into a CW complex. Specifically, if X and Y are CW complexes, then one can form a CW complex X×Y in which each cell is a product of a cell in X and a cell in Y, endowed with the weak topology. The underlying set of X×Y is then the Cartesian product of X and Y, as expected. In addition, the weak topology on this set often agrees with the more familiar product topology on X×Y, for example if either X or Y is finite. However, the weak topology can be finer than the product topology if neither X nor Y is locally compact. In this unfavorable case, the product X×Y in the product topology is not a CW complex. On the other hand, the product of X and Y in the category of compactly generated spaces agrees with the weak topology and therefore defines a CW complex.
 - Let X and Y be CW complexes. Then the function spaces Hom(X,Y) (with the compact-open topology) are not CW complexes in general. If X is finite then Hom(X,Y) is homotopy equivalent to a CW complex by a theorem of John Milnor (1959).[6] Note that X and Y are compactly generated Hausdorff spaces, so Hom(X,Y) is often taken with the compactly generated variant of the compact-open topology; the above statements remain true.[7]
 - A covering space of a CW complex is also a CW complex.
 - CW complexes are paracompact. Finite CW complexes are compact. A compact subspace of a CW complex is always contained in a finite subcomplex.[8][9]
See also[edit]
 1. ^ Davis, James F.; Kirk, Paul (2001). Lecture Notes in Algebraic Topology. Providence, R.I.: American Mathematical Society.
 2. ^
 3. ^
 4. ^ Turaev, V. G. (1994), "Quantum invariants of knots and 3-manifolds", De Gruyter Studies in Mathematics (Berlin: Walter de Gruyter & Co.) 18
 5. ^ For example, the opinion "The class of CW complexes (or the class of spaces of the same homotopy type as a CW complex) is the most suitable class of topological spaces in relation to homotopy theory" appears in Baladze, D.O. (2001), "CW-complex", in Hazewinkel, Michiel, Encyclopedia of Mathematics, Springer, ISBN 978-1-55608-010-4
 6. ^ Milnor, John, "On spaces having the homotopy type of a CW-complex" Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 90 (1959), 272–280.
 7. ^ "Compactly Generated Spaces" (PDF).
 8. ^ Hatcher, Allen, Algebraic topology, Cambridge University Press (2002). ISBN 0-521-79540-0. A free electronic version is available on the author's homepage
 9. ^ Hatcher, Allen, Vector bundles and K-theory, preliminary version available on the authors homepage
General references[edit]