Moving an existing BackupPC partition to LVM
I wrote a post 18 months ago on moving a Linux root partition to software RAID. Moving to LVM shares a lot of the same problems. The differences are:
 - We're not touching the root (or /boot) filesystem. Therefore we don't have to deal with BIOS or GRUB. In fact, this entire process can be done without rebooting.
 - We must copy the filesystem bit-for-bit instead of using file-aware tools like rsync, cp, or tar. This is due to the design of the BackupPC storage pool.
If you have another disk to use as a swap space, this problem is easy to solve. Simply unmount your backuppc partition and use dd to clone the data to the new drive. Then make create a logical volume on the old partition and copy it back.
If you don't have another disk, you must convert the disk layout in place. The instructions in this post can be used to move any filesystem to LVM; just disregard the parts specific to BackupPC. I assume that your server's drive and filesystem layout is as described in my last post:
 - /dev/sda provides the root filesystem (and possibly others). We're not concerned about it here.
 - /dev/sdb is a RAID array with one partition. It does not yet use LVM, and contains an ext3 filesystem mounted on /var/lib/backuppc.
The general plan is:
 1. Reduce filesystem usage on /var/lib/backuppc to 49% or less
 2. Resize the filesystem and partition to 49%
 3. Create a second partition and logical volume with the free space
 4. Copy the filesystem to the logical volume
 5. Add the first partition to the logical volume
 6. Expand the logical volume and filesystem
 7. Mount the logical volume
Warning: this is a multi-day process with many long delays for large data transfers. I'll identify the delays as we go along. Never interrupt a filesystem operation unless you know exactly what you are doing. I recommend executing all long-running processes in a GNU screen session in case your network connection is interrupted.
Step 1: Reduce filesystem usage on /var/lib/backuppc to 49% or less
If your BackupPC pool filesystem is larger than 49%, you must reduce disk usage.
 1. Remove old backups. Reduce the BackupPC variables $Conf{FullKeepCnt} and $Conf{IncrKeepCnt} to keep fewer backups. Alternately, use a script like to delete old ones manually.
 2. Set $Conf{BackupPCNightlyPeriod} = 1
 3. Wait for the next BackupPC_Nightly run. BackupPC will purge old backups and clean the pool of unnecessary files. This may take several days, but during this time you can perform backups as normal.
Do not proceed until filesystem usage is below 49%. Verify this with df.
Step 2: Resize the filesystem and partition to 49%
You may wish to read this guide first. It is possible to use the parted "resize" function for this, but it doesn't work for all filesystems. We'll do it manually.
 1. Stop BackupPC. From this point no new backups will be kept until the entire process is finished, which may be several days.
 /etc/init.d/backuppc stop
 2. Unmount the partition
 umount /var/lib/backuppc
 3. Get the block size and block count for the partition, and calculate the new size in K.
 tune2fs -l /dev/sdb1 | grep Block
 I've used a 10 GB partition in this example, and we now know that this filesystem consists of _PHONE_ blocks of 4K size. Calculate the new size as follows:
 new size = (current size in blocks) * (block size in K) * 0.49
 Round this number down. Our new size will be _PHONE_ * 4 * 0.49 = _PHONE_ K.
 4. Check the filesystem. This may take several hours or days.
 fsck -f /dev/sdb1
 5. Resize the filesystem.
 resize2fs /dev/sdb1 5136366K
 6. Resize the partition by deleting it and creating a new one of 5136366K.
 fdisk /dev/sdb
Step 3: Create a second partition and logical volume with the free space
 1. If you haven't already, install LVM.
 apt-get install lvm2
 2. Use fdisk again to create a second partition. You can combine this step with the last one. Hit enter at the prompts to use all available space, and change the new partition to type 8e, Linux LVM.
 fdisk /dev/sdb
 3. The second partition must be equal to or larger than the first partition. If it is not, check your math or try resizing to a smaller percentage and try again.
 4. Create a volume group and logical volume.
 pvcreate /dev/sdb2
 vgcreate volgroup /dev/sdb2
 lvcreate -l 100%VG -n backuppc volgroup
Step 4: Copy the filesystem to the logical volume
 1. Use dd, the sysadmin's oldest friend, to copy the filesystem bit-for-bit from the old partition to the new. This may take several hours or days.
 dd if=/dev/sdb1 of=/dev/volgroup/backuppc
 2. If you get impatient during the copy, you can force dd to output the current progress. Find the process ID of the running dd, and send a USR1 signal.
 ps -ef | grep dd
 kill -USR1 4786
 3. A neater way to do this is:
 dd if=/dev/sdb1 of=/dev/volgroup/backuppc &
 kill -USR1 $pid
 4. When dd finishes you will see one last progress report which should total the size of /dev/sdb1.
Step 5: Add the first partition to the logical volume
We've copied our data to the logical volume, so we no longer need the original partition. Add it to the volume group.
 1. Use fdisk to change partition 1 to type 8e.
 fdisk /dev/sdb
 2. Add it to the volume group.
 pvcreate /dev/sdb1
 vgextend volgroup /dev/sdb1
Step 6: Expand the logical volume and filesystem
We've moved the data to a logical volume and added all the disk space to the volume group. Now we expand the logical volume and filesystem to use the available space.
 1. Extend the logical volume. I advise using only 75% so you can use LVM snapshots.
 lvextend -l 75%VG /dev/volgroup/backuppc
 2. Resize the filesystem to use the entire logical volume. This may take several hours or days.
 resize2fs /dev/volgroup/backuppc
 3. If at any point you've mounted the filesystem, you'll have to run a new fsck before resizing. This will cause another long delay, so try to avoid it.
Step 7: Mount the logical volume
We're now ready to mount the new logical volume on /var/lib/backuppc and restart BackupPC.
 1. Edit /etc/fstab and replace any references to /dev/sdb1 with /dev/volgroup/backuppc. If your fstab uses UUIDs instead of explicit device paths, you shouldn't have to change anything.
 2. Mount the filesystem.
 mount /var/lib/backuppc
 3. Restart BackupPC
 /etc/init.d/backuppc start
You have successfully migrated to LVM!
Tags:,,
 1. Philip's avatar
 I'm going to confess to a horrible thing I did.
 I converted to LVM. In place. Without first reducing disk usage to 49%. It was a bit of a Zen exercise, and the data wasn't at all valuable, obviously, because no one should expect that sort of thing to work.
 1. a script to reverse a block device in 4M chunks (included with linux kernel documentation, needs adjustment)
 2. dd
 3. cp –sparse=always
 4. losetup
 I'm sure you can figure out the process (free last extent of disk. set up reversed lvm device at end of disk. copy the last extent of the file system into the reversed lvm device, then grow the reversed lvm device at its logical end, and its physical beginning. repeat. set up a normal lvm device at the start of the disk, migrating extents there from the reversed lvm device, which will shrink to zero and leave you, ideally, with something you could have done in ten minutes with a backup disk.
 The cp –sparse=always comes in if you have to use intermediate file systems because a file system was unshrinkable – you can still effectively shrink it by separating it out into chunks stored in sparse files in another file system and keeping it as zeroed-out as possible.
 Forgive me father, for I have sinned.


text:
Cooling and crystallization instructions:
Cooling and crystallization are key palm oil fractionation process. Once crystallization successes, palm oil separation becomes easily. Therefore, different type of crystallization should have own cooling exchange surface, cooling system and mixture structure.Palm oil Cooling and crystallization condition determines the start of palm oil crystallization nuclei, the number of crystals and crystal size in palm oil fractionation process. Cooling efficiency and ordering ensure special crystal formation and filterability in palm oil fractionation.Under stirring and circulating water cooling state, according to set temperature difference between palm oil and cooling water, palm oil cooling time and control palm oil cooling process to form nuclei and slowly grow. When reaching the required temperature (depending on desired quality of soft fat obtained, typically 20 degrees Celsius), stop cooling.
Crystallization Theory & Practice:
◆Palm Oil is a complex multi-component mixture of triglycerides with melting points ranging from -30…+70°C
◆Crystallization for fractionation is a selective crystallization of triglycerides with higher melting point
◆Selectivity for crystallization is achieved by controlled temperature profile during cooling cycle
◆Crystallization process consists of four stages: Pre-cooling, Formation of Nuclei, Crystal Growth,Final Conditioning.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
HAZLETON -- Busts of statesmen and philosophers once displayed outside the former H.F. Grebey Junior High School in Hazleton weren't sold with the proceeds disappearing in "someone's pocketbook," as a writer of a letter to the editor speculated Sunday.
Rather, the curators of the Greater Hazleton Historical Society welcome donors to dip into their pocketbooks to provide money to restore the five statues and get them out of storage at the society's museum.
After hearing negative remarks following the publication of the letter written by Joseph Woitko Sr. of Beaver Meadows, Thomas Gabos, the society's president, showed the busts of Abraham Lincoln, Socrates, Plato and Aristotle on a shelf in a backroom of the basement of the museum.
As Gabos sat for a photograph Monday with a bust of George Washington, also from Grebey, he explained that restoring the five busts will cost $2,500 apiece, according to an estimate that he received.
The 100-year-old busts are plaster and are too worn and fragile to display because they were mounted outdoors along the front wall of the school, Gabos said.
Woitko, a retired educator who never worked in Grebey, remembered looking at the statues when he was a student. He thought other people who worked in Grebey might have a better recollection of the art that had been in the building.
A series of Greek or Roman scenes that had been kept inside the Grebey building remain on display on the second floor of the museum, Gabos said.
The city gave art from Grebey to the museum in 2000.
Four busts of historic figures, including Washington and Lincoln, that are bronze but painted white came from the former Hazle Township High School.
They are on display in the rear of the first floor of the museum.
Gabos said bylaws prohibit the museum from selling items. An exception allows the society's board to hold a sale for duplicate items.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THERMAL CONTACT RESISTANCE OF NEEDLE-PUNCHED C/C-SIC COMPOSITES AT DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES AND PRESSURES
In this study, thermal contact resistance (TCR) of needle-punched C/C-SiC composites under different conditions (temperature, pressure) is experimentally measured by a three-element system. The "three-element system" refers to a thermal conductivity measurement facility, a surface roughness measurement microscope and a one-D heat conduction system. Details of the three elements and the measurement process are described. Under the measurement conditions, the values of TCR of the needle-punched C/C-SiC composites are within the range of 0.00005 to 0.000275 K·m2·W-1. Generally speaking the TCR increases with interface temperature when it is lower than about 220° and decreases with loading pressure monotonically. Four variation curves of TCR are presented.


Champ Ferguson
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Champ Ferguson
Full Name: Champ Ferguson
Origin: Clinton County, USA
Occupation: Leader of a Confederate guerrilla company
Hobby: Killing prisoners and pro-Union civilians
Goals: Defeat tbe Union (failed)
Crimes: War crimes
Type of Villain: Confederate war criminal
Champ Ferguson (29th November 1821 - 20th October 1865) was the leader of a guerrilla company during the American Civil War and one of the only two people convicted of War crimes relating to the Civil War, with the other being Henry Wirz.
Ferguson was born in Clinton County, Kentucky in 1821. He became a farmer, like most people in the area, but gained a reputation for violence even before the American Civil War. On 12th August 1858, Ferguson became involved in an altercation with brothers Floyd and Alexander Evans after being caught on the wrong side of the Kentucky-Tennessee border, resulting in Ferguson repeatedly stabbing Floyd Evans and acting constable James Reed, killing Reed and almost killing Evans.
After the American Civil War began in 1861, Ferguson formed a pro-Confederate guerrilla company to hunt down and kill pro-Union civilians. Many stories circulated about his sadism, most notably that he enjoyed beheading prisoners and rolling their heads down hillsides, and that he was willing to kill elderly and bedridden men if he believed they supported the Union. He also often came into direct conflict with David "Tinker Dave" Beatty, the leader of a pro-Union guerrilla company.
Ferguson's most notorious crime occurred after the First Battle of Saltville, when several wounded Union soldiers, both black and white, were murdered by Confederate troops under Brigadier General Felix Huston Robertson. During the massacre, Ferguson and his guerrillas were responsible for attacking a nearby field hospital and killing all Union soldiers found within, while Robertson's men killed those found on the battlefield. However, Ferguson failed to kill all of the Union soldiers at the hospital before the Legion of Cherokee Indians arrived, forcing him to leave with his men before his involvement in the massacre could be discovered.
After the Confederates were defeated, Ferguson disbanded his company and returned to his farm, where he was arrested by Union troops and taken to Nashville, where he was charged with 53 counts of murder. Ferguson admitted to many of the killings, claiming he was simply doing his duty as a soldier. He was convicted on all counts on 10th October 1865 and executed by hanging 10 days later.


text:
Machine Vision Implementation in Rapid PCB Prototyping
Image processing, the heart of machine vision, has proven itself to be an essential part of the industries today. Its application has opened new doorways, making more concepts in manufacturing processes viable. This paper presents an application of machine vision in designing a module with the ability to extract drills and route coordinates from an un-mounted or mounted printed circuit board (PCB). The algorithm comprises pre-capturing processes, image segmentation and filtering, edge and contour detection, coordinate extraction, and G-code creation. OpenCV libraries and Qt IDE are the main tools used. Throughout some testing and experiments, it is concluded that the algorithm is able to deliver acceptable results. The drilling and routing coordinate extraction algorithm can extract in average 90% and 82% of the whole drills and routes available on the scanned PCB in a total processing time of less than 3 seconds. This is achievable through proper lighting condition, good PCB surface condition and good webcam quality.
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text:
Surname – PATER
Meaning/Origin – The name PATER comes from the Latin pater, meaning "father". In English, it is pronounced PAY-ter or PAH-ter. Hear it pronounced by a Polish speaker here.
Countries of Origin – The surname Pater can be found in several countries. According to the World Names Profiler, the countries with the highest frequency per million residents are the Netherlands, with 176, and Poland with 115. The next highest countries (and their respective frequency per million) are Luxembourg (43), France (8), Belgium (7), Canada (6), United States (6), and Germany (5). Although Great Britain is not currently listed with a high frequency, in past centuries Pater was also considered to be a British name.
Spelling Variations - The spelling does not vary in the Netherlands, but in Poland you will find a few variations, including Patera, Paterak, Paterała, Paterek, Paterkiewicz, and Paterski. (Source: Polish Surnames: Origins and Meanings, Second Edition by William F. Hoffman)
Surname Maps – The following maps illustrate the frequency of the PATER surname in the Netherlands and Poland. According to _URL_ there are about 1,500 people with the surname in the United States, with the heaviest concentration in Pennsylvania.
SOURCE: familienaam.nl database, _URL_ accessed October 10, 2009.
SOURCE: Mojkrewni.pl "Mapa nazwisk" database, _URL_ accessed October 10, 2009.
Famous Individuals with the Surname – Walter Horatio Pater (4 August 1839 – 30 July 1894) was an English writer and art critic (see some of his works here at Project Gutenberg). Jean-Baptiste Pater (29 December 1695 – 25 July 1736) was a French painter.
My Family – My Pater family comes from Poland. My earliest ancestor so far with this name is Hilary Pater, born between _PHONE_ in Poland. My line of descent is as follows: Jan (b. 1834, Kamieńskie Budy) > Jozef Pater (b. 21 Sep 1864, Ruda Guzowska, which later became Żyrardów) > Ludwik (Louis) (b. 24 Aug 1893, Żyrardów) > Henry (b. 25 Mar 1912, Philadelphia). Jozef and his family immigrated to the U.S. (Philadelphia, PA) from 1905 to 1907.
A female Pater (daughter of Jozef) may have settled in New Jersey or New York with her husband and family. The family is rumored to have cousins in Chicago as well (possibly owners of a movie theater in the 1940′s).
Based on information in the IGI, my great-grandfather's cousins remained in Żyrardów – Jozef (son of Marcin, brother of my Jozef) died in 1942 at the age of 45, and his son Bronislaw died in 1943 at the age of 22. I can only assume they died as a result of the war, but more research is needed about their lives and deaths.
My Research Challenges – I need to find evidence of Hilary's birth, marriage, and death in Polish records. He was named on his son's marriage record, but I have not yet located his own records. I would like to trace the name as far back as possible to determine if the family immigrated to Poland from somewhere else. In addition, I would like to track down the descendants of my grandfather's (Henry's) brothers, Walter Pater and Eugene Pater (Walter used the alias Walter Miller) and fill in some missing information about my great-grandfather's sisters and their families.
Other Pater Families – The Family Organisation Pater in the Netherlands is led by Bram Pater. They have researched over 30,000 names in seven different Pater lines – including some in Poland (though not my own branch). If you can read Dutch, check it out!
Surname Message Boards – There is a rather inactive message board on Ancestry here.
Miscellaneous - The American Soundex code for Pater is P360 and the Daitch-Mokotoff Soundex Code is 739000. There are 386 individuals in the U.S. Social Security Death Index with the surname Pater (four are related to me – Elizabeth, Henry, Mae, and Eugene).
This post is #1 of an ongoing series about surnames.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Can Jurors Ask Questions During Trials?
Juror announcing decision
moodboard/Brand X Pictures/Getty Images
The trend of jurors asking questions while a trial is going on is becoming more popular in courtrooms across the country. There are some states that now require it by law, including Arizona, Colorado, and Indiana.
Many times highly technical testimony may alienate the average juror to the point where they stop paying attention and begin faking that they understand what is being said. Due to this, lawyers have become more reluctant to take cases where they risk verdicts that are derived from uninformed and bored jurors who do not understand the applicable laws.
Case studies of trials that have been reviewed have shown that when jurors could ask questions during the trial, there were fewer incidents of verdicts that lacked a sound understanding of the evidence that was presented.
CEATS Inc. v. Continental Airlines
Experimentation has been done to gauge the effectiveness of permitting jurors to ask questions during trial. An example was in the "CEATS Inc. v. Continental Airlines" trial.
Chief Judge Leonard Davis asked jurors to write down questions that they had after each witness testified. Out of earshot of the jury, the lawyers and judge then reviewed each question, which did not identify which jury member asked it.
The judge, with attorney input, selected the questions to ask and informed the jurors that the selected questions were decided by him, not the lawyers, to avoid a juror getting insulted or holding a grudge because their question was not selected.
The attorneys could then expound on the questions, but were specifically asked not to include the jurors' questions during their closing arguments.
One of the major concerns of allowing jurors to ask questions was the amount of time it would take to review, select, and answer the questions. According to Alison K. Bennett, MS, in the article "Eastern District of Texas Experiments with Jurors' Questions During Trial," Judge Davis said that the additional time added about 15 minutes to the testimony of each witness.
He also said that the jurors appeared more engaged and invested in the proceedings and that the questions asked showed a level of sophistication and understanding from the jury that was encouraging.
The Pros of Allowing Jurors to Ask Questions
Most jurors want to render a fair verdict based on their understanding of the testimony. If jurors are unable to obtain all the information that they need to make that decision, they may become frustrated with the process and ignore the evidence and testimony that they could not decipher. By becoming active participants in the courtroom, jurors get a more in-depth understanding of courtroom procedures, are less likely to misunderstand the facts of a case and develop a clearer perspective on which laws apply or do not apply to the case.
Jurors' questions can also help lawyers get a feel for what they are thinking and can influence how lawyers continue to present their cases. It is also a good tool to reference when preparing for future cases.
The Cons of Allowing Jurors to Ask Questions
The risks of allowing a jury to ask questions can mostly be controlled by how the procedure is handled, although there are still other problems that may arise. They include:
 - A juror who wants to display their superior understanding of the case or one that talks too much could become taxing and annoying to other jurors as well as add unnecessary time to the trial proceedings. It also puts lawyers and judges at risk if they display signs of fatigue or annoyance with trying to control someone with these characteristics. The fallout could result in the juror feeling alienated and resentful which could have a harmful effect on jury deliberations.
 - A question could be asked that jurors feel essential, but in reality, has little legal significance to the outcome of the trial. Such a question could end up carrying too much weight when jurors begin their deliberations.
 - There is also a risk that the questions not asked by a jury could imply that they do not understand the evidence being presented or realize the significance of the evidence presented. Alternatively, it may mean that they do not have additional questions because they completely understand what has been presented. This could put lawyers at a disadvantage. If the jury does not understand the evidence enough to ask questions, a lawyer may change their strategy and spend more time with testimony that helps explain the evidence. However, if the jury does have a full understanding of the evidence, additional time spent on the same information could be viewed as repetitive and boring and the lawyer risks being audibly muted by jurors.
 - The risk of a witness answering a juror's question that has been rendered inadmissible.
 - Jurors may take the position of being an adversary of a witness rather than being interested in all of the facts of the case.
 - Jurors may rate the importance of testimony if a judge does not elect to ask a witness a juror's question. They may feel it is not an important testimony because it was not worthy of additional time spent to review it.
 - A question may be allowed by a judge by mistake and become the reason the verdict is later appealed.
 - Lawyers fear losing control over their case and trial strategy, especially if a question is asked by a juror that lawyers have purposely avoided mentioning during a trial. There is a concern that jurors with questions may decide on their verdict too early.
Procedure Determines Success of Jury Questions
Most of the problems that could develop from jurors asking questions can be controlled by a strong judge, through careful review of the questions and through using a proactive process through which jurors can submit questions.
If the judge is reading the questions, and not the jurors, a garrulous juror can then be controlled.
Questions that do not have significant importance to the overall outcome of the trial can be skipped.
Questions that appear to appear bias or are argumentative can be reworded or discarded. However, it does give the judge an opportunity to review the importance of jurors remaining impartial until the trial is over.
Cases Studies of Jurors Asking Questions
Professor Nancy Marder, director of IIT Chicago-Kent's Jury Center and author of the book "The Jury Process," researched the effectiveness of juror questions and determined that the justice is fully served when a jury is informed and understands all the mechanisms that go into their role as juror, including testimony given, evidence shown and how laws should or should not be applied.
She goes on to emphasize that judges and lawyers can benefit by taking a more "jury-centric" approach to court proceedings, which means considering questions that jurors may have through the juror's perspective rather through their own. By doing so will improve the performance of the jury as a whole.
It can also enable a jury to remain present and focused on what is going on, rather than have them obsess on an unanswered question. Unanswered questions could promote a feeling of apathy towards the remainder of the trial if they fear that they have failed to understand important testimony.
Understanding the Dynamics of a Jury
In Marder's article, "Answering Jurors' Questions: Next Steps in Illinois," she looks at the pros and cons of several examples of what can happen when jurors are permitted or legally bound to ask questions, and one major point that she mentions is in regards to the dynamics that occur among a jury.
She discusses how within groups of jurors there is a tendency for those who failed to understand testimony to look to other jurors who they deem as being better informed. That person ultimately becomes an authority figure in the room. Often their opinions carry more weight and will have more influence over what the jurors decide.
When jurors' questions are answered, it helps create an environment of equality and each juror can participate and contribute to the deliberations rather than being dictated to by those who appear to have all the answers. If debate does arise, all jurors can inject their knowledge into the discussion without feeling uninformed. By doing this, jurors are more likely to vote independently, rather than to be overly influenced by a single juror. According to Marder's research, the positive results of jurors moving out of passive roles of observers to active roles that allow them to ask questions have far outweighed the more negative concerns of lawyers and judges.
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Your Citation
Montaldo, Charles. "Can Jurors Ask Questions During Trials?" ThoughtCo, Feb. 16, 2021, Montaldo, Charles. (2021, February 16). Can Jurors Ask Questions During Trials? Retrieved from Montaldo, Charles. "Can Jurors Ask Questions During Trials?" ThoughtCo. (accessed July 27, 2021).


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I used the following code and I am able to link references, List of Symbols but unable to link the Table of Contents in my thesis. I wish a completely linked PDF of my thesis. Please help me....
% dvipdf,
% ps2pdf, % using ps2pdf vs pdftex
% colorlinks=true, % color the words instead of use a colored box
% urlcolor=blue, % \href{...}{...} external (URL)
% filecolor=blue, % \href{...} local file
% linkcolor=black, % \ref{...} and \pageref{...}
% citecolor=black, % \cite{}
pdfborder={0 0 0}, % for removing borders around links
% plainpages boolean true
% Forces page anchors to be named by the arabic form of the page number,
% rather than the formatted form.
% breaklinks boolean false
% Allows link text to break across lines; since this cannot be accommodated in
% PDF, it is only set true by default if the pdftex driver is used. This makes
% links on multiple lines into different PDF links to the same target.
% Adds?backlink? text to the end of each item in the bibliography, as a list
% of section numbers. This can only work properly if there is a blank line
% after each \bibitem.
% bookmarksnumbered boolean false
% If Acrobat bookmarks are requested, include section numbers.
% bookmarksopen boolean false
% If Acrobat bookmarks are requested, show them with all the subtrees expanded.
pdftitle={PhD Thesis},
pdfauthor={Jonathan M. McCune},
pdfsubject={Carnegie Mellon University},
pdfpagemode=UseOutlines % None, UseThumbs, UseOutlines, FullScreen
share|improve this question
Adding lintocpage to the options of hyperref will help? – Harish Kumar Aug 2 '12 at 4:21
2 Answers 2
Probably you mean that the table of contents is not in the bookmarks (outlines). It is debatable, whether the table of contents should have an entry for itself. But for the bookmarks it is IMHO ok, because they are just a navigational help. I use the opportunity to comment some option settings for hyperref. Additional bookmarks can be set using \pdfbookmark as shown in the example, see documentation of hyperref. To avoid links to wrong pages, it is important that \pdfbookmark is on the same page. Ensuring a page break before makes this easier.
 % Some remarks:
 % * drivers like 'pdftex' that can be detected automatically
 % are not necessary
 % * breaklinks is rather an internal option.
 % If a driver does not support it, then forcing the option
 % let the text break across lines, but also the link
 % areas are "broken". If the driver supports the option,
 % then the option is enabled anyway.
 % * Information entries should be set outside,
 % because LaTeX expands the package options,
 % hyperref does not like them, if they are
 % prematurely expanded.
 % * Hyperref has a new option for hiding links: hidelinks
 %...
% Adding package bookmark improves bookmarks handling.
% More features and faster updated bookmarks.
\newpage% or \cleardoublepage
% \pdfbookmark[]{}{}
enter image description here
share|improve this answer
I had this same problem. My fix is kind of messy but does the job for me. Hope it helps you
\addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{Table of contents}
(note that I use \cleardoublepage to ensure that each new section begins on an odd-numbered page for printing purposes)
share|improve this answer
Your Answer


text:
Clue: Animal that resembles a guinea pig
We have 1 answer for the clue Animal that resembles a guinea pig. See the results below.
- White-spotted rodent
- Spotted cavy
- Cousin of an agouti
- Amazon Basin creature
- Tropical rodent
- Cousin of a guinea pig
- Agouti cousin
- Amazon Basin burrower
- Rodent resembling a guinea pig
- South American rodent
Last Seen In:
- New York Times - September 11, 2002
Found an answer for the clue Animal that resembles a guinea pig that we don't have? Then please submit it to us so we can make the clue database even better!


text:
Are figs really full of baby wasps?
The fig plant and the fig wasp both have the same goal: reproduction. For this to happen, a fig plant needs to share its genetic material (in the form of pollen) with another of its kind, and the fig wasp needs a place where its larva can grow and feed. Think of the fig wasp as a tenant, and the fig plant as a landlord who takes payment in the form of pollen.
What we call a fig (a structure called the syconium) is more inverted flower than fruit, with all its reproductive parts located inside. After a female fig wasp flies over from the fig plant she emerged from, she must travel to the center of the syconium to lay her eggs. To get there, she climbs down through a narrow passage called the ostiole. The passage is so cramped that the tiny fig wasp loses her wings and antenna during her claustrophobic trek. Once inside, there's no getting back out and flying to another plant — but is she in the right place?
Fig plants boast two kinds of figs: male caprifigs and female edible figs.
If a female wasp enters a caprifig, she'll find male flower parts that are perfectly shaped to hold the eggs she'll eventually lay. The eggs will grow into larvae, which will develop into male and female wasps. After hatching, the blind, wingless male wasps will spend the remainder of their lives digging tunnels through the fig. The female wasps then emerge through these tunnels and fly off to find a new fig — carrying precious pollen with them.
If a female fig wasp enters an edible fig, she eventually dies from exhaustion or starvation. The female flower parts include a long stylus that hinders her attempts to lay her eggs. She may die, but she succeeds in delivering the much-needed pollen first. So a fig farmer winds up with caprifigs full of wasp eggs and edible figs full of seeds.
Though edible figs may not be filled with baby wasps, doesn't this mean that these figs contain a lot of female wasps who died of loneliness?


What should I know about travel to the United States for medical treatment?
To travel to the United States for medical treatment, it is necessary to apply for a visa at the US consulate in your country. The visa requested is a general nonimmigrant visa (B-2). There is no special visa to travel for medical treatment. To determine your eligibility for a visa, you must contact the American embassy in your country. In addition to the general documents that must be completed to apply for a B-2 visa, you will need the following documents to apply for a visa for medical treatment:
1. A professional diagnosis by a physician in your country of origin, describing your current health condition and why treatment should be conducted in the United States.
2. An official letter from the doctor or hospital in the United States to confirm they are accepting patients for treatment. This document must carry a full report on the estimated cost and duration of treatment. The estimated cost must include all costs of treatment and medical care.
3. Proof that you can pay the full cost of treatment. If you will not pay your own expenses, you will need a letter from the individual or organization that will take care of expenses including medical, transport costs and accommodation expenses. You must show evidence of being able to pay the costs, either in the form of bank statements or other forms of proof of income, savings, or certified copies of tax payments.
4. Proof of economic, social and professional ties that require you to return home after completing medical treatment.
Start your visa application process well in advance of the scheduled date of travel and do not make concrete travel plans or buy tickets until the visa has been issued. The Lupus Foundation of America cannot serve as a visa sponsor. In addition to the US Consulate in your country, you can find more information on the website of the United States Department of State.


Doubt in Cooking Game
The question quotes:
"Now Chef is asking you to count the number of ways to fill the missing numbers (ie. the -1s) of the array with level numbers, so that it corresponds to a valid game. Since the answer can be large, output it modulo 109+7."
So, if there is no missing number the count is zero.
But the solutions getting accepted outputs answer 1.
Question link:
1 Like
Actually the count is 1, because not substituting any -1 anywhere where there are no -1s to substitute is a valid way and the only one. This is similar to the fact that the number of ways of ordering 0 objects is 1, in other words 0!=1. Or that the number of ways to choose 0 objects from a collection of n is 1, which means {n \choose 0} = 1.
1 Like
unless it's invalid then the answer is 0
Yes of course :slight_smile:
_USER_ _USER_ : The problem statement stated the rules for playing the game as "Chef will start in level 1 and whenever Chef passes a level in this game he will advance to the next level, but if Chef fails, he will return to level 1." How come then, the answer is 0 for any test case. I understand that if the sequence is invalid the solution would be 0, but as the statement clearly states the rules, and it is not mentioned anywhere that chef's memory can be wrong or he can play an invalid game, is the assumption of a valid game wrong? Please correct me if I am wrong.
1 Like
don't assume anything that is not mentioned in "constraints" section
1 Like


text:
Joy of Teaching
Opportunities for learning exist everywhere. The Joy of Learning is an sttempt at school, showing some ways in which these opportunities can be made use of. We believe that learning can be more fun. both for the student and the teacher, when based on real experiences.
The joy of Learning is fundamental to our philosophy of preschool education where the xpeerience of learning is carried out in a relaxed and fun-filled atmosphere.
Learning takes place in a full-filled and relaxed atmosphere. The activities like bird feeding, role play, nature walk help children understand environment better and they give gheir share in saving the environment. Children learn from their teachers and in turn, children's activities encourage teachers to further explore.


ee.Geometry.MultiLineString.evaluate
Asynchronously retrieves the value of this object from the server and passes it to the provided callback function.
UsageReturns
MultiLineString.evaluate(callback)
ArgumentTypeDetails
this: computedobjectComputedObjectThe ComputedObject instance.
callbackFunctionA function of the form function(success, failure), called when the server returns an answer. If the request succeeded, the success argument contains the evaluated result. If the request failed, the failure argument will contains an error message.


text:
This exceptionally elegant and totemic staff is further enhanced by its glowing, silken patina and the minimal pokerwork on the alternating sides of the 'arrow-head'. In addition, below the 'arrow-head' are four lozenge shaped motifs encircling the staff, which may represent snuff containers. It's form, length and quality is associated with men of the highest rank. It is related to a rare group of 19th century staffs that have arrow-like tops examples of which can be seen in the restricted publication (100 copies) of Relics of War (see ref.)
Relics of War: a Collection of 19th Century Artifacts from British South Africa and Southern Rhodesia by Nicolas G Maritz, Salut Africa CC, Pretoria, 2008 pp155, figs 163 – 166.


text:
Xudong Chen; Department of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering; University of Colorado Boulder
Structure Theory for Nonholonomic Ensemble Systems
Ensemble control deals with the problem of using a common control input to simultaneously steer a large population (in the limit, a continuum) of individual control systems. In this talk, we address a fundamental problem in ensemble control theory, namely, system controllability. A key factor in determining controllability of an ensemble system is its underlying parameterization space. Roughly speaking, the bigger the parameterization space is, the more difficult one can control the ensemble. Over the past two decades, significant progress has been made for understanding controllability of ensemble systems over one-dimensional parameterization spaces, yet little is known when the dimensions are greater than one. A major focus of this talk is to present recent advances in controllability of ensemble systems whose parameterization spaces are multi-dimensional. We will consider two classes of ensemble systems, namely, ensembles of linear control systems and ensembles of control-affine systems. We will first show that linear ensemble systems are problematic if their parameterization spaces are greater than one and, then, show how to resolve this controllability issue by using a special class of control-affine ensembles whose control vector fields are equipped with a fine structure.


face value
(redirected from Face amount)
Also found in: Dictionary, Thesaurus, Legal, Acronyms.
Face value
Face Value
face value
See par value.
Face value.
Face value, or par value, is the dollar value of a bond or note, generally $1,000.
However, bonds may trade at a discount, which is less than face value, or at a premium, which is more than face value, in the secondary market. That's the bond's market value, and it changes regularly, based on supply and demand.
The death benefit of a life insurance policy which is the amount the beneficiary receives when the insured person dies. It's also known as the policy's face value.
face value
see PAR VALUE 1.
face value
The value of an instrument (promissory note, bond, stock, etc.) as stated on the face of the instrument.The face value does not always equal the market value.
Example: A 5-year-old mortgage note with a face value of $100,000 and an amortization term of 20 years at 2.8 percent interest is worth far less than $100,000 for two reasons: (1) The principal balance is now a little under $80,000. (2) Why would anyone invest even $80,000 to earn 2.8 percent interest when he or she can get better returns in the marketplace? For both reasons, an investor would pay much less than the $100,000 face value to buy the mortgage.
References in periodicals archive?
* The "face amount" of the card is treated as the amount paid for the communications service and, thus, the amount subject to the 3% tax (Sec.
Interestingly, mortality decreases by increasing face amount in the ultimate durations (as it did in the select period) suggesting some impact of underwriting may persist beyond the 25-year select period.
For a hypothetical $100,000 UL product where premiums fund positive cash value at age 100 and where a chronic illness acceleration rider pays l/24th of the face amount each month over a 24-month period; and policy death benefit equals face amount in all durations, more than 25% of the total benefits paid will shift from mortality benefits to acceleration benefits by the addition of the rider.
Product Name: Minimum face amount $50,000; does not vary
The liability would be increased by the interest expense and reduced by interest paid to accrue the liability from the discounted value at issuance to its face amount at maturity.
Shortly after the sale, the sellers assigned their rights to receive the future payments to a bank (in which one of the sellers was an officer and director) for their face amount, less a $750 discount.
As of end-2017, treasury bonds still accounted for the bulk of outstanding debt paper with a face amount of P4.126 trillion, up from P3.871 trillion in November.
Time Warner Inc (NYSE:TWX) said on Wednesday that it priced an underwritten public offering of USD600m of 3.875% senior notes due 2026 at a price equal to 99.951% of their face amount and USD300m of 4.85% debentures due 2045, at 96.812% of their face amount (additional debentures).
Selling the policy in the traditional life settlement market is a long shot, as this market generally seeks larger face amount policies, usually at least $500,000.
The policyowner who elects to convert the maximum amount of coverage using the enhanced and basic conversion options can end up with a permanent life insurance face amount of 250% the term face amount.
The size of a life insurance company often is measured by the face amount of its portfolio, that is, the amount of life insurance it has issued that is in force.


Aspect Source Flags (ASFs)
GKS allows for two methods of specifying attributes for output primitives. One way, which is the way that has been discussed exclusively in this guide, is to specify the attributes individually. Using this method, if you want to change the width of a polyline, then you would call GSLWSC to specify the desired width, and this setting would be in effect until GSLWSC was called again.
The other method of specifying attributes for output primitives is called "bundled". Using this method, the attributes are contained in "bundle tables". These tables contain settings for all of the attributes associated with a given output primitive. For example, there can be one or more bundle tables for polylines each of which contains settings for linetype, linewidth scale factor, and polyline color index. Using the bundled attribute setting scheme you set a value for the number of the bundle table that should be used to find the desired setting for the attributes.
Clearly the individual attribute setting scheme and the bundled attribute setting scheme cannot both be in effect simultaneously. GKS supplies a means by which you can specify whether a given attribute should come from its individual setting, or from a bundle table. Associated with each output primitive attribute is an "aspect source flag." The legal values for these flags are "1" for "individual" and "0" for "bundled." Each time GKS draws an output primitive, it first looks at the setting of the aspect source flag for the appropriate attributes, and then either uses the individual setting if the aspect source flag value is "1" or the setting from a specified bundle table if the setting is "0".
All default settings for output primitive attribute aspect source flags are "individual" in NCAR GKS. In higher levels of GKS it is possible for you to define your own bundle tables and select them, but at level 0A, this is not allowed. As implemented, using bundle tables in NCAR GKS is of no value and trying to use them is not advised. The only reason that aspect source flags are discussed here is because the default environment in some GKS packages is "bundled" rather than "individual." In the case that you run NCAR Graphics on top of a non-NCAR GKS package, you will want to check on the default setting for aspect source flags, and if it is "bundled", then you should initialize all the flags to "individual" by using the subroutine GSASF described below. If you do not have access to the necessary GKS documentation, then you can use the subroutine GQASF, described below, to determine the values of the aspect source flags and then, if they are bundled, set them to individual by calling GSASF.
Set Aspect Source Flags
--------------------------------------------------
 Argument | Type | Mode | Dimension
--------------------------------------------------
CALL GSASF (LASF) | Integer | Input | 13
--------------------------------------------------
LASF
List of aspect source flags. A value of 0 means bundled and a value of 1 means individual. The ordering of the flags in LASF is:
1 - linetype ASF
2 - linewidth scale factor ASF
3 - polyline color index ASF
4 - marker type ASF
5 - marker size scale factor ASF
6 - polymarker color index ASF
7 - text font and precision ASF
8 - character expansion factor ASF
9 - character spacing ASF
10 - text color index ASF
11 - fill area interior style ASF
12 - fill area style index ASF
13 - fill area color index ASF
Defaults:
In NCAR GKS all values of LASF are initialized to 1. Other GKS packages may initialize these values to 0.
Errors:
8
-------------------------------------------------------------------
C Synopsis
#include <ncarg/gks.h>
void gset_asfs(
 const Gasfs *list_asf /* list of asfs */
);
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Inquire Aspect Source Flags
---------------------------------------------------
 Argument | Type | Mode | Dimension
---------------------------------------------------
CALL GQASF (ERRIND, | Integer | Output |
 LASF) | Integer | Output | 13
---------------------------------------------------
ERRIND
Error flag. Gives an integer error number from the errors list in in Appendix D, or a 0 if no error occurred.
LASF
List of aspect source flags. A value of 0 means bundled and a value of 1 means individual. The ordering of the flags in LASF is:
1 - linetype ASF
2 - linewidth scale factor ASF
3 - polyline color index ASF
4 - marker type ASF
5 - marker size scale factor ASF
6 - polymarker color index ASF
7 - text font and precision ASF
8 - character expansion factor ASF
9 - character spacing ASF
10 - text color index ASF
11 - fill area interior style ASF
12 - fill area style index ASF
13 - fill area color index ASF
Defaults:
In NCAR GKS all values of LASF are initialized to 1. Other GKS packages may initialize these values to 0.
Errors:
8
--------------------------------------------------------------------
C Synopsis
#include <ncarg/gks.h>
void ginq_asfs(
 Gint *err_ind, /* error indicator */
 Gasfs *list_asf /* aspect source flags */
);
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Links: GKS Index, GKS Home


Analysis of a use-after-free Vulnerability in Adobe Acrobat Reader DC
By Sergi Martinez
This post analyses CVE-2020-9715, a use-after-free vulnerability affecting several versions of the Adobe Acrobat and Adobe Acrobat Reader products. The vulnerability was discovered by Mark Vincent Yason, who reported it to the Zero Day Initiative (ZDI) disclosure program.
This research was inspired by a detailed blog post by ZDI that analyzed the vulnerability. The exploitation broadly follows the steps outlined in the ZDI blog post, but describes the vulnerability and exploitation steps in more detail.
A use-after-free vulnerability affects the data ESObject cache within the EScript.api module of Adobe Acrobat Reader DC. Although objects may be added to the cache using keys with ANSI or Unicode strings, objects are evicted from the cache by keys that contain only Unicode strings. This enables an attacker to cause a data ESObject to be freed, but its pointer to remain intact in the object cache entry. When the same JavaScript object is later accessed, its cache entry is found despite the corresponding data ESObject having been freed. This leads to a use-after-free condition. An attacker can exploit this vulnerability to achieve code execution by enticing a user to open a crafted PDF file.
The vulnerability analysis that follows is based on Adobe Acrobat Reader DC version 2020.009.20063 running on Windows 10 64-bit.
Before we dive into the vulnerability, we need to understand how embedded JavaScript is handled by Adobe Reader.
Adobe Reader has a built-in JavaScript engine based on Mozilla's SpiderMonkey. Embedded JavaScript code in PDF files is processed and executed by the EScript.api module in Adobe Reader.
The Adobe Reader JavaScript engine uses several types of objects including ESObjects and JSObjects. ESObjects are internal to the EScript.api module and contain a pointer to the classical JavaScript objects, JSObjects.
Several kinds of ESObjects exist and among them is the data ESObject, which is a type of object used to represent embedded files and data streams. data ESObjects are uniquely identified by a key (referred to as cache_key in this post) that contains:
 - A pointer to a PDDoc object, which is an object that represents the PDF document.
 - The name of the data ESObject that is an ANSI or Unicode string containing the name of the embedded file.
References to data ESObjects are stored in a cache indexed by cache_key. When a new data ESObject is constructed with a certain name, a cache_key object is constructed with that name and is used to search the cache for the presence of the data ESObject that matches the name. If the search is a cache hit, a pointer to the data ESObject is returned. Otherwise, a new data ESObject is created and stored in the cache, and a pointer to it is returned.
The vulnerability occurs due to a mismatch in the encoding of the name string during the construction of cache_key used in the insertion and deletion phases in the lifecycle of a data ESObject. When a data ESObject is created and added to the cache, the name used in the cache_key retains the original encoding (ANSI or Unicode) found in the PDF document.
When a data ESObject is deleted from the cache, the name used in the cache_key is always encoded in Unicode. This leads to a condition where cache entries for data ESObject with ANSI names are never purged from cache; instead the cache entries retain pointers to freed data ESObjects indefinitely.
If an ANSI data ESObject is thus freed, and the code tries to create a new data ESObject with a matching name (e.g., when JavaScript code deletes this.dataObjects[0] and then accesses this.dataObjects[0]), a cache hit occurs but the pointer returned is the pointer to the ANSI-named data ESObject that was previously freed. This leads to an exploitable use-after-free condition.
Code Analysis
Lets take a look at how these objects are represented under the hood, and examine where the bug exists. Code listings show decompiled C code; source code is not available in the affected product. Structure definitions, function names, etc. are obtained by reverse engineering and may not accurately reflect those defined in the source code.
Structure Definitions
The cache mechanism is implemented with the use of a variant of Binary Search Trees. A pointer to the cache is kept in a global variable at EScript+0x273AAC, which points to a structure (named here as esobject_cache_st) defined as follows:
typedef struct esobject_cache_st {
 bst_node *root_node;
 int *node_count;
 void *unkonw;
} esobject_cache;
typedef struct bst_node_st {
 bst_node *left;
 bst_node *parent;
 bst_node *right;
 int node_type;
 cache_key *key;
 void *esobject;
} bst_node;
A pointer to the cache_key structure is stored within each node in the cache. The cache_key structure is defined as follows:
typedef struct cache_key_st {
 void *pddoc;
 ESString *name;
} cache_key;
The cache_key structure contains the name of the embedded file in the form of an ESString structure, which is defined as follows:
typedef struct esstring_st {
 int type;
 char *buffer;
 int len;
 int max_capacity;
 void *unknown1;
 void *unknown2;
} ESString;
In the structure above, the buffer member is a pointer to the string encoded in the format specified in the type member (1 for ANSI, 2 for Unicode). Its length is defined by the len member and the maximum capacity of the buffer is indicated by max_capacity. In Unicode ESString objects the buffer encoding is UTF-16 with Byte Order Mark (BOM).
Comparing Cache Keys
Any operation that requires traversing the tree require a key comparison function. This function is implemented at EScript+0x90770 and its code is listed below.
bool is_key_greater(cache_key *key1, cache_key *key2)
 ESString *data_object_name_from_cache;
 ESString *data_object_name;
 if ( a1->pddoc!= key->pddoc )
 return a1->pddoc < (unsigned int)key->pddoc;
 name2 = key2->name;
 name1 = key1->name;
 return esstrings_compare(&name1, &name2);
The function first checks whether the keys belong to the same PDF document [1]. If they belong to the same PDF document then it proceeds to compare the names of the keys, which are ESString objects.
The ESString comparison function (implemented at EScript+0x45B07) is listed below.
bool esstrings_compare(ESString **name1, ESString **name2)
 ESString *type1;
 ESString *type2;
 bool v4;
 type1 = get_ESString_type(*name1);
 type2 = get_ESString_type(*name2);
 if ( type1 == type2 )
 v4 = (sub_23845B5E(*name1, *name2) & 0x8000u)!= 0;
 v4 = (int)type1 < (int)type2;
 return v4;
Relevant to this vulnerability is that at [2] there is a check that compares the ESString types. If they differ, the result of the function is true if type1 is less than type2. For example, when comparing two keys with the same name of different types where type1 is ANSI (1) and type2 is Unicode (2), the esstrings_compare function returns true.
When performing a lookup in the data ESObject cache, the function that implements it (EScript+0x90476) considers keys with the same name but different ESString types as different.
Deleting Cache Entries
When a data ESObject is freed, the corresponding cache entry that stores a pointer to the object is also freed. The ESObject deletion is implemented in the function at EScript+0x907B0, which is listed below.
__int16 delete_object(int a1)
 int v1;
 ESString *v2;
 wchar_t *v3;
 wchar_t *v4;
 esobject_cache_struct *cache_ptr;
 cache_key key;
 int v8[3];
 int v9;
 v1 = sub_23858B70(a1);
 v2 = (ESString *)sub_23844B00(a1, "DataObject");
 v3 = (wchar_t *)v2;
 if ( v1 )
 if (!v2 )
 return 1;
 v4 = (wchar_t *)get_dataobject_name(v2);
 v8[0] = (int)v4;
 v9 = 0;
 key.doc = v1;
 sub_23877D42(&, (ESString **)v8);
 LOBYTE(v9) = 1;
 cache_ptr = initialize_data_esobject_cache(global_cache_ptr);
 remove_key_from_cache(cache_ptr, &key);
 LOBYTE(v9) = 2;
 if ( )
 sub_23845AAE((wchar_t *);
 v9 = 3;
 if ( v4 )
 v9 = -1;
 if ( v3 )
 return 1;
The call at [1] returns a pointer to an ESString object used to create the cache_key object. This is passed to the function that removes cache nodes matching the


text:
This book offers a concise review of quantum radar theory. Our approach is pedagogical, making emphasis on the physics behind the operation of a hypothetical quantum radar. We concentrate our discussion on the two major models proposed to date: interferometric quantum radar and quantum illumination. In addition, this book offers some new results, including an analytical study of quantum interferometry in the X-band radar region with a variety of atmospheric conditions, a derivation of a quantum radar equation, and a discussion of quantum radar jamming.
This book assumes the reader is familiar with the basic principles of non-relativistic quantum mechanics, special relativity, and classical electrodynamics. Our discussion of quantum electrodynamics and its application to quantum radar is brief, but all the relevant equations are presented in the text. In addition, the reader is not required to have any specialized knowledge on classical radar theory.
Table of Contents: Introduction / The Photon / Photon Scattering / Classical Radar Theory / Quantum Radar Theory / Quantum Radar Cross Section / Conclusions


text:
Journalists' Training on "Gender and Media"
Panorama from Sky Tower in Tirana, Albania
UNESCO, in cooperation with the major media stakeholders, has developed a set of indicators to assess gender equality and women's empowerment in media. These UNESCO Gender-Sensitive Indicators for Media (GSIM) seek to address the intersection of women's empowerment and media development. Its main focus is on the equality and gender dimensions of social diversity in the media.
While inequalities and gender stereotypes exist in social structures and the minds of people, media have the potential to propagate and perpetuate or to ameliorate these. Furthermore, the conscious or unconscious biases that many media professionals, both men and women, sometimes have towards one-sidedly reductionist masculinist perspectives is partially due to the lack of capacity to report on women and gender more broadly.
UNESCO invites journalists to apply these indicators to become better informed when dealing with gender issues in the media sphere. They are designed to assist people working in the media to assess progress on gender equality, identify challenges, and contribute to local, regional and global debates leading to the formulation of concrete policies to promote gender equality and the advancement of women worldwide.
This 2-day training with journalists to enhance their fair and balanced reporting of issues directly or indirectly related to WOMEN and not only is organized in the framework of the Albania – United Nations Programme of Cooperation 2012-2016 and with the support of the Sweden Embassy to Tirana.
|Type of Event||Working group|
|Start||07.12.2012 08:00 local time|
|End||08.12.2012 18:00 local time|
|Date to be fixed||0|
|Focal point||Santesso, Rosanna|
|Organizer||UNESCO Venice Office|
|Contact||Rosanna Santesso at _EMAIL_|
|Permanent Delegation Contact|
|Language of Event||English|
|Estimated number of participants|
|Official Website||UNESCO Venice Office|


text:
What Is Oregon Grape Used for Today?
| What Is the Scientific Evidence for Oregon Grape?
| Safety Issues
The roots and bark of the shrub
(also called Oregon grape) have traditionally been used both orally and topically to treat skin problems. They were also used for other conditions such as gastritis, fever, hemorrhage, jaundice, gall bladder disease, and cancer. In addition,
was used as a bitter tonic to improve appetite.
According to some experts,
is identical to the plant named
, but others point to small distinctions.
, commonly called
, is a close relative of these herbs, but is not identical.
What Is Oregon Grape Used for Today?
Oregon grape is primarily used today as a topical treatment for
. Growing evidence suggests that it may help reduce symptoms, although it does not seem to be as effective for this purpose as standard medications.
Oregon grape has been proposed as a treatment for other skin diseases, such as fungal infections (such as
However, the evidence is either extremely preliminary or inconclusive. For example, a double-blind, placebo-controlled study of 88 people with eczema tested a cream containing extracts of
The results failed to show benefit overall.
Many studies have been performed on purified berberine, a major chemical constituent of Oregon grape and other herbs such as goldenseal, but it is not clear whether their results apply to the whole herb. In addition, impossibly high dosages of the herb would be required to duplicate the amount of berberine used in many of these studies. (For more information, see the article on
What Is the Scientific Evidence for Oregon Grape?
Evidence from two
studies and one comparative trial suggest that cream made from the herb Oregon grape may help reduce symptoms of psoriasis, although it does not seem to be as effective as standard medications.
In a double-blind study published in 2006, two hundred people were given either a cream containing 10% Oregon grape extract or placebo twice a day for 3 months.
The results indicate that the people using Oregon grape experienced greater benefits than those in the placebo group, and the difference was statistically significant. The treatment was well tolerated, though in a few people it caused rash or burning sensation.
Benefits were also seen in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study of 82 people with psoriasis.
However, the study design had a significant flaw: the treatment salve was darker in color than the placebo, possibly allowing participants to guess which was which.
Another study found that dithranol, a conventional drug used to treat psoriasis symptoms, was more effective than Oregon grape.
Regrettably, the authors fail to state whether this study was double-blind. Forty-nine participants applied one treatment to their left side and the other to their right for 4 weeks. Skin biopsies were then analyzed and compared with samples taken at the beginning of the study. The physicians evaluating changes in skin tissue were unaware which treatments had been used on the samples. Greater improvements were seen in the dithranol group.
in which 443 participants with psoriasis used Oregon grape topically for 12 weeks found the herb to be helpful for 73.7% of the group.
group, it's not possible to know whether Oregon grape was truly responsible for the improvement seen, but the trial does help to establish the herb's safety and tolerability. (See Safety Issues below.)
Laboratory research suggests Oregon grape has some effects at the cellular level that might be helpful in psoriasis, such as slowing the rate of abnormal cell growth and reducing inflammation.
Topical ointments or creams containing 10% Oregon grape extract are generally applied 3 times daily to the affected areas.
Oregon grape appears to be safe when used as directed. In the large open study described above, only 5 of the 443 participants reported side effects of burning, redness, and itching.
However, because Oregon grape contains berberine, which has been reported to cause uterine contractions and to increase levels of bilirubin, oral consumption of Oregon grape should be avoided by pregnant women.
Safety in young children, nursing women, or people with severe liver or kidney disease has not been established.
There is an additional concern regarding the berberine content of Oregon grape. One study found that berberine impairs metabolism of the drug cyclosporine, thereby raising its levels.
This could potentially cause toxicity.


text:
Ross Garnaut lunch and panel discussion for AICD (SA)
Rising power costs, energy policy and climate change are major concerns for directors, according to the Director Sentiment Index 2018 (second half of the year). Australia has fallen behind the technological and economic developments of the rest of the world and missed the opportunities to be a leader in adapting to the global energy transition – but is South Australia in the driver's seat for that very change?
What is the big picture? Recent Australian developments have sharpened the need for government, policy makers and business to come to grips with the systemic risks broader environmental sustainability poses to the economy, strategy and governance. The Clean Energy Finance Corp (CEFC) was established in 2012 and plays an enormous role in Australia's energy sector, investing billions in clean energy projects on behalf of the Australian Government.
So, while the issues of energy, power and sustainability bring additional risks and director responsibilities to manage they also bring with it huge opportunities for growth and investment.
What is the role of directors in this transition? Join our panel of experts including Andrea Slattery FAICD, Director – CEFC, Megan Flynn MAICD, Non-Executive Director – Sustainability Victoria and Professor Ross Garnaut AC, Professor of Economics – The University of Melbourne, as they discuss what the priorities should be for boards, business and government.
Date: Friday 29 November
Venue: InterContinental Adelaide, Ballroom, North Terrace, Adelaide SA
Price: $120 (members) $150 (general)


text:
Mining Publication: Injury Analysis of Pennsylvania Small Surface Coal Mines
This paper is a descriptive analysis of injuries and fatalities at small surface bituminous coal mining companies in Pennsylvania. The purpose of analyzing a specific industry sector and location is to identify issues that might be missed in a wider analysis. Other studies of small mine safety (e.g., Peters and Fotta, 1994, Randolph and Boldt, 1997) have shown that the relationship between safety and mine size is not a simple one. Some injury types occur at higher rates at small mines, while others occur at lower rates. Consequently, an analysis limited to a specific type of mining can help identify hazards and issues specific to that sector. The results of this analysis will be useful for directing training, intervention, and research efforts towards the most prevalent causal factors and incident types.
Conference PaperMarch - 1998
NIOSHTIC2 Number: _PHONE_
Proc Third Health and Safety Seminar for Small Mines (Somerset, PA). University Park, PA: The Pennsylvania State University, 1998; :83-92


text:
Tromping up a mountain to learn about backcountry ski mountaineering racing, host Dr. North gets a real workout. Having just flown in from Hong Kong, Dr. North has no winter gear, so borrows Strafe's Highlands Jacket. The waterproof jacket proves to keep the good doctor warm in 30 degree weather, and as he starts to work up a sweat, he discovers just how important breathability is in a jacket.
The key to staying comfortable is staying dry. While waterproof materials keep water from getting into a jacket, breathable materials allow water to escape from the inside of the jacket. Ideally you want both, and this is what Polartec's Neoshell does. During rigorous activity a person will start sweating to cool themselves, this sweat turns into water vapor inside the jacket. To allow the water vapor to escape, Neoshell has microscopic pores big enough to allow the water vapor to escape, and small enough to keep water out. By allowing the water vapor to escape, Dr. North remains dry inside the jacket, allowing him to stay warm and feeling good!


text:
This is a slip that identifies the parish register for the marriage of Frédéric Cormier and Emma Tétreault (see the related question Finding Actes notariés (Notarial Acts) when Notary's name is known?).
The register is from Notre Dame de (something) in the Diocèse de Saint-Hyacinthe, but I cannot make out the name of the parish. The locality on the record page is Richelieu, Québec.
Using Ancestry's browse function doesn't reveal the name of the parish. I'd like to find a list of parishes in the diocese, or a list of parishes in the Drouin collection, where I could pick out the name of the parish from a list.
The title page of the register:
Wikipedia has an article about Notre-Dame-de-Bon-Secours Chapel in Montreal:
The Notre-Dame-de-Bon-Secours Chapel (chapelle Notre-Dame-de-Bon-Secours, "Our Lady of Good Help") is a church in the district of Old Montreal in Montreal, Quebec. One of the oldest churches in Montreal, it was built in 1771 over the ruins of an earlier chapel.
Does the archive slip say "Notre Dame de Bonsecours"? How can I find out more about where this parish register came from, and where this parish is located?


Fighting the People's War: The British and Commonwealth Armies and the Second World War
Fighting the People's War is an unprecedented, panoramic history of the 'citizen armies' of the United Kingdom, Australia, Canada, India, New Zealand and South Africa, the core of the British and Commonwealth armies in the Second World War. Drawing on new sources to reveal the true wartime experience of the ordinary rank and file, Jonathan Fennell fundamentally challenges our understanding of the War and of the relationship between conflict and socio-political change. He uncovers how fractures on the home front had profound implications for the performance of the British and Commonwealth armies and he traces how soldiers' political beliefs, many of which emerged as a consequence of their combat experience, proved instrumental to the socio-political changes of the postwar era. Fighting the People's War transforms our understanding of how the great battles were won and lost as well as how the postwar societies were forged.
Product Details
£18.98 £17.65
Cambridge University Press
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text:
Cross-border caution: South Korea expands food safety guidelines to include e-commerce sales
Previously, the local Food Sanitation Act was limited to food and beverage products which were imported into the country to be directly sold to local consumers, but evidently South Korean authorities have decided that this is not sufficient for public health protection.
The South Korean Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS) recently published formal guidelines to govern 'directly purchased overseas food products' as purchased by consumers and brought back into the country, such as purchases done via e-commerce.
"The rise of non-contact purchasing due to e-commerce, competitive prices and wide variety has led this market size to grow continuously, [and] previously the Food Sanitation Law did not cover such products brought in for personal consumption as it only applied to foods and beverages for sale locally," said the ministry via a formal statement.
"There is a need to block [unmonitored] food imports into the country as these may harm public health, [thus MFDS] has found it necessary to prepare objective standards [to prohibit] products containing raw materials and ingredients found to contain irregularities or potentially cause harm when these are identified via domestic and foreign risk assessments."
MFDS planned procedure will to be to collect risk data on the foreign ingredients for review, whereupon a committee will create specific profiles for these ingredients and designate these as prohibited or not, which will determine permission for entry into South Korea.
As of November 2021, the initial banned ingredients as determined by MFDS include items that have already been banned according to the current local Food Code or Functional Health Food Code, items from countries known to be associated with Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) without the necessary documentation, items found to cause severe side effects when consumed, as well as medications and drugs according to the relevant acts governing these.
"MFDS will conduct a periodic re-evaluation every two to three years to review these banned items and determine whether the ban on any can be lifted, based on the latest data," added the ministry.
These new guidelines have very distinct implications for local e-commerce platforms and vendors, as previously food and beverage products sold online were not considered 'for sale locally' and governance was less strict under the Food Sanitation Act.
The new rules now mean that the ingredients and raw materials used to make all food and beverage products sold on e-commerce websites will need to be scrutinised and examined by the relevant sellers and platforms in order to ensure that these are not in violation of the new guidelines. Consumers will also no longer be able to purchase any products with ingredients on the banned list in South Korea via the online route.
Children's food safety
In addition to tightening the food safety of foreign foods and beverages, MFDS also recently completed its 2020 Children's Dietary Safety Index, which unfortunately revealed that the score for this has dropped compared to the previous survey in 2017, dropping from 73.3 points then to 70.3 points in 2020.
The index measured areas including food safety, nutrition, and dietary practices, and found that whilst safety in terms foodservice catering to children has been improved, the actual food nutrition and dietary practices scores have dipped, which the ministry attributed to the COVID-19 pandemic.
"Due to the pandemic, there are limits to what can be done in terms of food safety education and guidance work with children, therefore the management of nutrition [as well as education on dietary practices] have been difficult and this has impacted the children's dietary safety," said MFDS.
"Social distancing in particular caused guidance and education services to drop – dietary counselling rates dropped from 61.2% in 2017 to 45.2% in 2020 so this has been analysed as the main cause for the drop."
The index was the effort of 228 local governments, and also revealed that the decline was larger in rural cities (a 3.6 point drop from 73.6 to 70.0) compared to large cities (a 2.5 point drop from 73.5 to 71.0) and MFDS vowed to improve the situation across all geographies.
"We will do our best to improve the safety level of diets and nutrition for children across all locations, whether urban or rural," it said.


text:
Soviet Cottage Uses Buses from Moscow by Sergei Kulikov
Soviet Cottage Uses Buses. The remains of the legendary era of the Soviet Union Ikarus 280 buses to Russia as listening architectural remains in Beryozka-6, a rural village a few miles from some tens of Moscow. The Hungarian Ikarus 280 buses built, making transport services in the Russian cities during the Soviet regime, become homes, bathrooms, kitchens and other colonies of house into the landscape. Beryozka-6 is now a very interesting place for nature lovers and the two history buffs, who can also enjoy the scenery blessed in the context of the holiday home with Ikarus 280 buildings.
Evolution of the cottage colony in Beryozka-6 was also historic. The agreement, originally called Avtobusniki, which means bus people "was created in 1989, the chaotic years of the history of Soviet domination. As you might guess, Regulation Avtobusniki house has been allocated to services workers Bus Ikarus 280. But as the Soviet regime fulfilled its historic decline in the same year, workers were given the two halves of Ikarus 280 effects of amortization of property.
Images of Soviet Cottage Uses Buses
In a sense, these Ikaruses echo the fate of the famous Soviet five-story residential buildings.
Over the years, the buses in the region have been used or recycled to the housing needs and related. Today, the house is a typical example of "stone age of high tech" with Ikarus buses turn to complete housing facilities. If you visit, you can see a variety of appliances and utilities made since the old bus. Even the parts and the windows of the old buses are used in gardens, greenhouses and similar creations.
As Sergei Kulikov, and an architectural historian, notes on Domus, the cottage Beryozka-6 regulation is an ideal identification for the use of technology in architectural prosthesis standardization of facilities and housing crafts architecture. Of course, with the remains of 280 Ikarus buses in a house rich solution, the country has shown a model for the world, hungry for a Green Revolution.
There is even a small church in the villa, built by Andrei Strebkov, a priest of Zainsk, recycling LIAZ bus model in 2011. Over the years, the lifestyle of the dachas, small towns that are provided to families under the Soviet regime, has undergone drastic changes. In fact, this is what ended up in the award of the colony house Beryozka-6 bus for employees in 1989. Under Stalin's dachas is granted only to scientists and cultural elites of society. However, Khrushchev dachas changes to everyone, including workers in factories and bus stops. Of course it is quite surprising that through years of the occupants of the house Beryozka-6 has also developed a green lifestyle.
Images Credit: Sergei Kulikov


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I have a video file of 5 FPS / 8000Hz that I want to speed up 6 times. I want the pitch and playback to increase - can I do this by simply adjusting the file header?
I can't seem to figure out the right parameters to do this with ffmpeg since it actually creates new frames in order to stay at the same speed. I read some similar topics on this website, but can't seem to find anything simple to do with both sound and image.
Is there a way to do this with a command-line tool or can someone explain how to alter this in code?
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1 Answer 1
mencoder has an option to change the speed. A similar question was answered here.
The following command was suggested:
mencoder file.avi -speed 20 -vf scale=720:368,hqdn3d=3:2:3:2,expand=720:480 -ovc xvid -oac pcm -xvidencopts fixed_quant=2 -o out.avi )
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text:
Established in 1962 as the White Rhino Sanctuary.
Established as Ajai Game Reserve in 1965
West Bank of the Nile between Pakwach and Nimule, about 10km north of Inde and 32km east-south-east of Arua. 2°55'N, 3r25'E.
Area 148km2 (15,800ha)
This area of rivers and riverine swamp borders the River Nile and two tributaries, the Ala and Acha. The reserve includes a number of swamp islands including Ajai island formed by gradual deposition of soil from the hills by the Ala River. The swamp is surrounded by savanna woodland. Most of the swamp is flooded during the rainy months (June to January) but dries out from February to May.
Wooded savanna and grassland communities of Loudetia-Eragrostis and Hyparrhenia. There is a variety of vegetation on the island due to its gradual formation. The older eastern sector has a mosaic of savanna forest and sandy plains, areas of thick forest, rain forest, and open grass plains with Imperata (a grass occurring elsewhere only in the highlands which are the source of the Ala River). The western sector is covered in dense elephant grass Pennisetum with clumps of wild date plum Phoenix.
The migration of animals onto the island during the dry season is necessitated by a lack of forage in the surrounding dry scrubland. Mammals include hippopotamus Hippopotamus amphibius along the Nile, Uganda kob Kobus kob ihomasi, hartebeest Alcelaphus buselaphus, bushbuck Tragelaphus scriptus, and waterbuck Kobus elUpsiprymnus. Black and white colobus Colobus guereza and baboon Papio sp. have been recorded.
There are guard posts at Ogoko, Iriemve and Inde. Iriemve and Inde were not in use in 1980.
Disturbances or Deficiencies The small size of the reserve results in many animals continually moving in and out into open areas in the vicinity where they are subject to poaching. The threatened northern white rhinoceros Ceratotherium simum cottoni has not been seen here since the war in 1979 and is assumed to have been wiped out.
The reserve is managed by Uganda Wildlife Safaris Ltd who offer sport hunting photographic safaris


text:
I have been running an ultrasonic sensor on a raspberry pi for a while, with quite some good results.
I wanted to port this on an esp8266 and, it looks like the result are a bit less accurate than on the pi.
Here is the graphs usage of each one :
The line is quite smoother on the pi.
Here is the code i use on the esp8266 to get the values :
Code: Select all
import time import machine trigger_pin=5 echo_pin=4 trigger=machine.Pin(trigger_pin, machine.Pin.OUT) echo=machine.Pin(echo_pin, machine.Pin.IN) def get_distance(): trigger.low() time.sleep_us(5) trigger.high() time.sleep_us(10) trigger.low() while echo.value()==0: start=time.ticks_us() while echo.value()==1: delta=time.ticks_diff(time.ticks_us(), start) distance=(delta/2)/29 return distance
I suspect that the tick is less reliable on the esp8266 than on the pi. For example, in an other project, using a timer of 90000 milliseconds yield in a run of 82 seconds.
Any idea on how the code could be getting better result out of this sensor on esp8266?


text:
Taiwan culture in ghosts?
You may not believe it like they do, or as much as they do.
But know this, visitors to Taiwan: The Taiwanese believe in life after dead – deep in their culture.
Like most Chinese communities, your Taiwanese hosts hold a strong respect for their dead, the afterlife – and the spirits.
Do not be perturbed. As a tourist in Taiwan, are you aware of these key beliefs?
Culture shock quiz: Taiwan ghosts!?
Which of these ideas are true, as far as the Taiwanese believes?
1. Things related to dying or death are taboo, to be avoided among Taiwan folks.
2. Writing someone's name in red ink is auspicious.
3. The 7th month or Hungry Ghost festival is widely (and loudly!) celebrated among the many colourful festivals in the island.
4. Fengshui (ancient Chinese geomancy) is still practised in modern Taipei!
5. In cosmopolitan cities of Taipei and Kaohsiung (Gaoxiong), such beliefs and superstitions are hardly seen, felt or practised.
Smart traveler answers
Ideas 1, 3 and 4 are true. 2 and 5 are false!
These are the answers to the Tourist Poll in the sidebar on your right!
Smart tourist must-know
The Taiwanese has a strong belief in things spiritual and the afterlife!
Believing in the spiritual realm, respecting their dead, taking precautions to draw in good luck while warding off the bad – and even, celebrating a month-long festival relating to the spirits!
As visitors to the island, what are some aspects of these beliefs you will encounter?
Note: This may not be about your beliefs or whether you are being superstitious.
It is much about being aware of Taiwan culture you are touring; not to unwittingly encroach on beliefs and customs so different!
More smart traveler humor (for laughing only!)
Do not write a Taiwanese friend's name in red ink!
Writing Chinese names in red is a big no-no! Red ink is used for the death and the deceased.
Watch out: What other taboo stuff relating to this culture in the spirits do you avoid?
Taipei or other cities are equally thick in their beliefs!
You may see and meet more elaborate expressions of the Taiwanese beliefs in the rural, less modern areas.
Yet throughout the island – in cities or countryside – the locals and their culture in the supernatural are visible and extensive.
Dear Taiwan travelers,
Do you fear the unknown, tourists?
Now you see, a belief in the unseen is so much a part of Taiwan's religious and cultural backgrounds.
What will be other parts of this 'ghost' culture that might shock you in your touring among Taiwanese and their lifestyles?
Smarter Tourists In Taiwan our first E-Book will show you the taboos and how to tread in touring Taiwan – without apprehension!
Back to intro page for more Smart Tourists Taiwan fun mini posts!


text:
Which single factor do you think was most important in making the Spanish so successful during the contact period?
1 Answer | Add Yours
I would argue that the most important single factor helping the Spanish was the fact that they brought with them diseases to which the natives of the Americas had no immunity. This was not the only important factor, but I would argue that it was the most important.
The diseases that the Spanish brought over devastated the native populations. Since they could spread from native to native, they could travel from places where the Spanish actually were and kill people who had yet to set eyes on a Spaniard. This was tremendously beneficial to the Spaniards because it destabilized and severely weakened the societies that might have resisted them. For example, diseases that the Spanish brought killed large numbers of Incas, including their emperor. They had then engaged in a struggle over who would be the next emperor. Right after that struggle ended, the Spanish came to conquer the Incas. The fact that so many of them had died of disease and that they had then fought a civil war made it much easier for the Spaniards to win.
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Difference between revisions of "SMILA/Documentation/TikaPipelet"
From Eclipsepedia
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(Example)
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|''exportAsHtml''||Boolean||runtime||no||Flag that specifies if the output should be in HTML format (true) or not (false). Plain text output (false) is default.

|''exportAsHtml''||Boolean||runtime||no||Flag that specifies if the output should be in HTML format (true) or not (false). Plain text output (false) is default.

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|-
|''pageBreak''||Boolean||runtime||no||Flag that specifies if pageBreaks should be used to split the content into multiple output records (true) or not (false). This parameter is only interpreted if exportAsHtml is ''true'' Default is (false).
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|''pageBreak''||Boolean||runtime||no||Flag that specifies if pageBreaks should be used to split the content into multiple output records (true) or not (false). This parameter is only interpreted if exportAsHtml is ''false''. Default is (false).

|-

|-

|''keepHyphens''||Boolean||runtime||no||If set to "false", hyphens are removed from words at line breaks so that the separated syllables are contracted to one word ("charac-<newline>teristics" gets "characteristics"). If set to "true", this dehyphenation is disabled. Default is (false).

|''keepHyphens''||Boolean||runtime||no||If set to "false", hyphens are removed from words at line breaks so that the separated syllables are contracted to one word ("charac-<newline>teristics" gets "characteristics"). If set to "true", this dehyphenation is disabled. Default is (false).

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|''maxLength''||Long||runtime||no||The maximum number of characters to extract. If a document contains more characters than specified all remaining characters are omitted. To get all available characters just omit this Parameter. This may lead to OutOfMemory Exceptions with big documents. Default is -1 (unlimited)
+
|''maxLength''||Long||runtime||no||The maximum number of characters to extract. If a document contains more characters than specified all remaining characters are omitted. To get all available characters just omit this Parameter. This may lead to OutOfMemory Exceptions with big documents. Default is -1 (unlimited).

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!Property!!Type!!Read Type!!Required!!Description

!Property!!Type!!Read Type!!Required!!Description

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|''metadataName''||String||runtime||yes||The name of the metadata property
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|''metadataName''||String||runtime||yes||The name of the metadata property. This will be matched with the extracted metadata property names in a case-insensitive manner.

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|''targetAttribute''||String||runtime||yes||The name of Record attribute to store metadata value(s) in
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|''targetAttribute''||String||runtime||no||The name of Record attribute to store metadata value(s) in. If not set the string provided in the ''metadataName'' will be used as attribute name.

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|''singleResult''||Boolean||runtime||no|| Flag that specifies if only the first value (if multiple values exists) is used in the result (true) or if all values are used (false). Default is false.

|''singleResult''||Boolean||runtime||no|| Flag that specifies if only the first value (if multiple values exists) is used in the result (true) or if all values are used (false). Default is false.
Revision as of 05:37, 10 January 2013
This pipelet is not yet available in our repository. We are currently in the process of creating CQs for required third party components and hopefully get permission to use it in our project.
Contents
Bundle: org.eclipse.smila.tika
Description
The TikaPipelet converts various document formats (such as PDF, Microsoft Office formats, OpenOffice formats, etc.) to plain text using Tika technology: A binary attachment content can thus be converted to plain text and stored in an attribute. In addition to that, metadata properties of the document (like title, author, etc) can be extracted and written to record attibutes. To improve the Tika parsing process it is possible to optionally pass the content-type and filename of the document stored in other Record attributes via parameters contentTypeAttribute and fileNameAttribute.
The TikaPipelet supports the configurable error handling as described in SMILA/Development_Guidelines/How_to_write_a_Pipelet#Implementation. When used in jobmanager workflows, records causing errors are dropped.
Supported document types
By default, SMILA contains only a subset of Tika that supports the conversion of:
 - plain text documents
 - HTML/XML documents
 - RTF documents
 - Microsoft Office documents
 - OpenOffice documents (OpenDocument formats)
See below on hints how to add Tika extractors for further formats
Configuration
Property Type Read Type Required Description
inputType String : ATTACHMENT, ATTRIBUTE runtime yes selects if the input is found in an attachment or attribute of the record. Usually it doesn't make sense to use "ATTRIBUTE" here because the documents to convert are binary content.
outputType String : ATTACHMENT, ATTRIBUTE runtime yes selects if output should be stored in an attachment or attribute of the record
inputName String runtime yes name of input attachment or path to input attribute (process a String literal of attribute)
outputName String runtime yes name of output attachment or path to output attribute for plain text (store result as String literal of attribute)
extractProperties String runtime no Specifies which metadata properties reported by Tika for the document should be written to which record attribute. See below for details.
contentTypeAttribute String runtime no Parameter referencing the attribute that contains the content-type of the document. If specified the content-type is used to better guide the Tika parsing process.
fileNameAttribute String runtime no Parameter referencing the attribute that contains the name of the file that was the source of the attachment content. If specified the filename is used to better guide the Tika parsing process.
exportAsHtml Boolean runtime no Flag that specifies if the output should be in HTML format (true) or not (false). Plain text output (false) is default.
pageBreak Boolean runtime no Flag that specifies if pageBreaks should be used to split the content into multiple output records (true) or not (false). This parameter is only interpreted if exportAsHtml is false. Default is (false).
keepHyphens Boolean runtime no If set to "false", hyphens are removed from words at line breaks so that the separated syllables are contracted to one word ("charac-<newline>teristics" gets "characteristics"). If set to "true", this dehyphenation is disabled. Default is (false).
maxLength Long runtime no The maximum number of characters to extract. If a document contains more characters than specified all remaining characters are omitted. To get all available characters just omit this Parameter. This may lead to OutOfMemory Exceptions with big documents. Default is -1 (unlimited).
Configuring the Property Mapping
In addition to the plain text content, Tika can extract metadata properties from documents like title, author, publisher, dates of publication etc, ... The names of these properties depend very much on the documents and what is actually extracted. Some well known names like Dublin Core (dc, dcterms) are used. For a complete list please refer to the Tika documentation. To check with your documents you can download Tika and use the Tika Application to see all extracted metadata.
To store such metadata properties in SMILA records, you must specify the names of the properties you want to store in the extractProperties parameter. Usually this parameter contains a sequence of maps. The map values have the following format:
Property Type Read Type Required Description
metadataName String runtime yes The name of the metadata property. This will be matched with the extracted metadata property names in a case-insensitive manner.
targetAttribute String runtime no The name of Record attribute to store metadata value(s) in. If not set the string provided in the metadataName will be used as attribute name.
singleResult Boolean runtime no Flag that specifies if only the first value (if multiple values exists) is used


text:
Take a look at the 3D picking demo project (you can find demos here: _URL_
You can add a Rigidbody/KinematicBody/Area (whatever suits you) to your building, with a CollisionShape, and make it
When you do that, input events will be sent to the collision object (rigidbody/kinematic/area) if it has an
_input_event function, as if it was part of the "GUI", so events happening when the mouse is not over it won't be received:
func _input_event(camera, event, pos, normal, shape):
if (event.type==InputEvent.MOUSE_BUTTON and event.pressed):
This is how you can detect hover and click easily.
Now if you want the building to follow the mouse in 3D... there are multiple ways of doing it, that depends on your game.
FYI if you need to do raycasts, you can do them inside
_fixed_process because that's the time where the physics engine is in sync with scripts.
# Get the camera (just an example)
var camera = get_parent().get_node("Camera")
# Project mouse into a 3D ray
var ray_origin = camera.project_ray_origin(mouse_pos)
var ray_direction = camera.project_ray_normal(mouse_pos)
# Cast a ray
var from = ray_origin
var to = ray_origin + ray_direction * 1000.0
var space_state = get_world().get_direct_space_state()
var hit = space_state.intersect_ray(from, to)
if hit.size() != 0:
# collider will be the node you hit
Other manual queries are listed here _URL_
hit variable is a Dictionary. What it contains is not documented for 3D, but I guess it will be similar to the 2D one: _URL_


text:
Pick up that little section of lead pipe; feel it in your hand. It's heavier than you might've thought, maybe? It's dense, in other words, right? Right.
Now, pick up that chunk of pumice, about the same size. What do you call that, in comparison to the pipe? Light? True, it is lighter than the pipe, but it could be just as heavy, if only it were bigger. Airy? Maybe, but even in a vacuum it would feel like it had the same weight, most likely. Sparse? No: It's not a forest in your hand, after all.
The question is, when we're talking about material objects, what's the opposite of dense?
The answer, at the moment, is less dense, unsatisfactory because of our habit of using paired descriptions for physical properties (heavy/light, soft/hard, wet/dry, and so on). Once upon a time, though, dense had an opposite. Until the mid-19th century, the word was rare.
In fact, the earliest meaning of rare in English was precisely this one. The OED notes the word's meaning as "[o]pposed to dense," and provides the following example (from around 1420), among others:
The londis fatte, or lene, or thicke, or rare.
I don't know what a londis is, and I'm intrigued by thicke as a stand-in for dense (as in a thicket, perhaps). But mostly, I'm thrilled to find rare used in this way.
One can imagine how, in the less dense Britain of the 15th century, a word like rare could move from describing a single object (as in, for example, "this rare piece of pumice") to describing a collective object ("this rare forest") to describing the likelihood of encountering individual objects while wandering through the realm ("the rare African swallow").
Still, I propose we resuscitate rare's original meaning. I've looked for such a word many times, and so have others. To inspire you, I close with more examples from the OED:
Cvcumber in this mone is sowen rare. [C. 1420]
The Assemblie was so rare that they were not exceeding the number of nineteen Commissioners.
A projectile would travel a far greater distance through a rare medium like air, than through a dense medium like water.
Who wouldn't want a word that can as readily describe cvcumbers as Commissioners, projectiles as londises? The chance to improve our language by looking to antiquated usage is (forgive me) a rare one.