text:
A roughened rock ramp will be constructed beginning 50 feet downstream of the existing Deer Creek Irrigation District (DCID) dam in Deer Creek. The roughened ramp will extend 215 feet downstream at a roughly two percent slope. The ramp will include a 75-foot wide typical section that provides sufficient flow depth to meet the fish passage criteria while maintaining adequate upstream water surface elevations to send the appropriate flow down the irrigation diversion canal. The existing earthen irrigation diversion canal will be regraded and concrete lined for a total of 1,250 feet with a 0. 15 percent slope downstream of the fish screens. In addition, the existing fish screens and fish bypass system will be replaced.
California Department of Parks and RecreationCaltrans, District 2Central Valley Flood Protection BoardDepartment of ConservationDepartment of Fish and Wildlife, Marine RegionDepartment of Fish and Wildlife, Region 1Department of Water ResourcesNative American Heritage CommissionOffice of Historic PreservationRegional Water Quality Control Bd., Region 5 (Redding)Resources AgencyState Lands CommissionState Water Resources Control Board, Division of Drinking WaterState Water Resources Control Board, Division of Water Rights


text:
SanDisk WORM secure memory card
July 17, 2008 When sensitive data is stored digitally, the trade-off is sometimes seen as extending the life-span of the record, while potentially losing the ability to detect alterations of the files. For example, errors that occur in electronic voting systems, (and there are oh so many of them), are near undetectable without a paper ballot record to check the results against. In order to bring both security and longevity to data storage, SanDisk has announced the SDTM WORM (Write Once Read Many) Card, a digital memory drive that preserves important data for up to 100 years, and prohibits alteration or deletion.
THE SD WORM is intended for storing files from police investigations, court testimony, electronic voting, cash registers, security cameras, black box flight recorders and other highly sensitive records. The cards are locked as soon as they are recorded, and can be read in any standard SD drive. 128-megabyte SD WORM cards are currently available, with the capacity expected to increase with time.
Once the integrity of the data is ensured, the advantages of digital storage are clear. Ink runs, paper rots, photographs fade, and audio/visual tape recordings can become tangled. SD WORM cards offer unified, small-scale storage of a large variety of media files. SanDisk is teaming with industry leaders to create a new generation of media devices that can record directly onto the SD WORM, creating a simple, practical data protection and storage system. SanDisk is also encouraging third-party resellers of SD WORM cards to develop security enhancements, including password protection and encryption. SanDisk is currently developing TrustedFlash, which securely stores sensitive digital data and applications on digital media.
Of course, while the SD WORM itself might keep data in an immaculate condition for a century, the question of whether we will be able to read it remains. The file protection system rests on the assumption that we will continue to build SD card compatibility into our computer systems well into the future – not necessarily a safe bet.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
Partner consultation: What are the specific requirements and precautions for fiber optic installation in the RGU system?
The requirements and precautions for optical cables are as follows:
1. If the loss is less than or equal to the system design value, there should be no insertion loss event greater than 0.1 dB within 0-10km of the remote pump pump unit at the receive end, and no insertion loss event greater than 0.2 dB in 10-20km.
All optical cables between the pump unit and the RGU must be spliced (including
the pump output optical fiber and line optical fiber connected to the ODF). It
is recommended that all optical cables in the ropa subsystem be spliced.
Note: For new optical cables constructed by Huawei, the additional loss required for single point splicing is less than 0.08 dB (China's national standard for optical cable construction). If the single-point loss test exceeds the standard, bidirectional test methods must be used for confirmation, that is, use the OTDR to calculate the attenuation value obtained by the splicing point in two directions. Note that the OTDR attenuation test may be negative and the symbol bit must be substituted for the arithmetic average. If the fiber splicing loss still exceeds the threshold, adjust the attenuation value.
3. If the RGU installation point is less than or equal to 50 km away from the installation point, the fiber adapter jumper cannot be used. If the fiber adapter needs to be connected, use the fiber splicing mode.
4. When the optical fiber is spliced, mark the straight-through line fiber to ensure that the fiber is the same as the optical fiber before the fiber is cut.
5. During the construction of the optical cable, the fiber connection box in the middle of the line should be spliced and installed to the fiber link to provide sufficient margin.


container or sink.
Cleaning Tips For Your Electric Cooktop
 - Any spills should be cleaned up right away.
 - Use gentle scrubbing pads to avoid scratching your stove.
 - Clean your cooktop with the ceramic cleaner regularly.
 - To avoid scratches, avoid moving pots and pans across the cooktop's surface.
What's the best way to get my electric cooktop clean?
Clean your stovetop two to three times a week, depending on how often you cook. Clean the cooktop the same day after a part of cooking or on the off chance that you had arranged for an expansive gathering. Too, clean the stove as rapidly as conceivable on the off chance that you spill something or if you burn nourishment on it. The longer you hold up to break down the oil, the more troublesome it'll be.
They cleaned an electric cooktop with a mixture of baking soda, medium-temperature water, and a cleanser.
 - For approximately a minute, make the stove hit.
 - Fill the pot with water and place it on the burner.
 - Baking soda should be used.
 - Allow the paste to rest for a few seconds.
 - Using a washcloth, remove the baking soda all over.
 - Scrub the afflicted area carefully with dish soap and a cleaning utensil.
 - With a cloth, wipe off the remains.
How do you use vinegar to clean an electric stove?
Vinegar is an excellent home cleanser for keeping your stovetop clean. It's ideal for cleaning at the surface level, and it'll give your stovetop a lovely sheen.
Step 1: Before applying the vinegar to your stovetop, mix it with water in a 2:1 ratio
Step 2: Dip a cloth in the solution or simply spray the stovetop.
Step 3: Clean the cooktop with a damp cloth.
What is the best way to wipe away burn scars from an electric cooktop?
Utilize a preparing pop and vinegar blend to eradicate scars from your electric stove. This glue will be slightly more muscular than the one made with heating pop and water. Combine those as the ratio of 2:1
Because vinegar is acidic, it will react with baking soda, which is more basic, and fizzle, softening the burn scars on your stove. To avoid scratches, you should avoid cleaning the cooktop directly.
You can repeat the process until your stovetop is clean if you have difficulties wiping away the burn marks after letting the paste rest for a few minutes.
How often should your electric stove be cleaned?
The truth is that cleaning your electric stove after each user is the most fantastic method to keep it gleaming clean. Every time the furnace is used, clean up any spills using a wet cloth or sponge. The need for a frequent, more profound cleaning session will be reduced due to these little cleans after each meal.
It's best to clean electric stove top burners regularly, if not weekly, to make things simpler for yourself in the future. If you get rid of such areas as soon as they appear, food and oil won't have a chance to get trapped or cause harm. A clean stove top not only helps to preserve your and your family's health, but it also sets the tone for a beautiful kitchen. Please let us know which of these options has proven to be beneficial to you.
Furthermore, if you have any further queries or issues to report, please leave a comment below. Finally, if you have any questions on how to clean an electric cooktop regarding the processes above, this video should help you understand them better:
Related articles about electric cooktops:
Leave a Comment


Birthing Reproductive Justice: 150 Years of Images and Ideas
Stop Forced Sterilization Stop Forced Sterilization
Reproductive Justice -- the right to have children, not have children, and parent our children in healthy and safe environments -- is a movement and perspective that arose in the 1990s. Articulated and led by women of color with a more encompassing social vision, reproductive justice usually incorporates both a framework of human rights and an awareness of the intersectionality of women's identities and struggles against sexism, racism, homophobia, and economic marginalization.
This exhibit provides a historical context for the emergence and antecedents of reproductive justice. Given that women's lives have never been reducible to one dimension of their reproductive health, this exhibit traces a longer history of reproductive justice, illustrating many facets of experiences, debates, and policies related to pregnancy, birth, birth control, and raising children.
The exhibit is held in conjunction with the conference, Reproductive Justice: Advocates, Academics, Activists in Ann Arbor, a Michigan Meeting.


text:
Silica Gel 100-200 mesh Fia grade
A gel is a solid jelly-like material that can have properties ranging from soft and weak to hard and tough. Gels are defined as a substantially dilute cross-linked system, which exhibits no flow when in the steady-state. By weight, gels are mostly liquid, yet they behave like solids due to a three-dimensional cross-linked network within the liquid. It is the crosslinking within the fluid that gives a gel its structure (hardness) and contributes to the adhesive stick (tack). In this way gels are a dispersion of molecules of a liquid within a solid in which the solid is the continuous phase and the liquid is the discontinuous phase. The word gel was coined by 19th-century Scottish chemist Thomas Graham by clipping from gelatin.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
What does PSP stand for?
PSP stands for Pathways to Success Program (various organizations)
This definition appears very rarely and is found in the following Acronym Finder categories:
- Organizations, NGOs, schools, universities, etc.
See other definitions of PSP
We have 656 other meanings of PSP in our Acronym Attic
- Park Slope Pediatric (Brooklyn, NY)
- Part Stress Prediction (engineering)
- Participatory Strategic Planning
- Partido do Servidor Público (Public Service Party)
- Partido Socialista Popular (Cuban Communist Party)
- Partido Socialista Puertorriqueño (Puerto Rican Socialist Party)
- Partido Sociedad Patriótica (Spanish: Patriotic Society Party, Ecuador)
- Partners for Sacred Places
- Passenger Screening Program
- Path Selection Plugin (software)


CMS/SMC
Canadian Mathematical Society
_URL_
Canadian Mathematical Society
 location: PublicationsjournalsCJM
Abstract view
The Homology of Abelian Covers of Knotted Graphs
Open Access article
 Published:1999-10-01
 Printed: Oct 1999
 - R. A. Litherland
Format: HTML LaTeX MathJax PDF PostScript
Abstract
Let $\tilde M$ be a regular branched cover of a homology 3-sphere $M$ with deck group $G\cong \zt^d$ and branch set a trivalent graph $\Gamma$; such a cover is determined by a coloring of the edges of $\Gamma$ with elements of $G$. For each index-2 subgroup $H$ of $G$, $M_H = \tilde M/H$ is a double branched cover of $M$. Sakuma has proved that $H_1(\tilde M)$ is isomorphic, modulo 2-torsion, to $\bigoplus_H H_1(M_H)$, and has shown that $H_1(\tilde M)$ is determined up to isomorphism by $\bigoplus_H H_1(M_H)$ in certain cases; specifically, when $d=2$ and the coloring is such that the branch set of each cover $M_H\to M$ is connected, and when $d=3$ and $\Gamma$ is the complete graph $K_4$. We prove this for a larger class of coverings: when $d=2$, for any coloring of a connected graph; when $d=3$ or $4$, for an infinite class of colored graphs; and when $d=5$, for a single coloring of the Petersen graph.
MSC Classifications: 57M12, 57M25, 57M15 show english descriptions Special coverings, e.g. branched
Knots and links in $S^3$ {For higher dimensions, see 57Q45}
Relations with graph theory [See also 05Cxx]
57M12 - Special coverings, e.g. branched
57M25 - Knots and links in $S^3$ {For higher dimensions, see 57Q45}
57M15 - Relations with graph theory [See also 05Cxx]

© Canadian Mathematical Society, 2018 : _URL_


text: By 1953, the United Nations, Korean Reconstruction Agency (UNKRA) had allocated nearly $8,500,000 to rebuild South Korea's educational system. This year, if enough funds are forthcoming, the Agency plans to spend another $2,875,000 for the same purpose. Some 300,000 textbooks have been bought for the drive against illiteracy. More than 3,000 tons of paper have been imported to print another 38,000,000 textbooks. The Government of Korea and the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) worked with UNKRA on a textbook printing plant near Seoul. This plant, which opened on 16 September, is expected to have produced about 15,000,000 textbooks by the end of the year. This picture shows the distribution of new books to a class of young Korean schoolchildren.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
The goal for the Senior Firewall Engineer is to ensure the integrity of high availability security infrastructure in order to provide maximum performance and stability for critical applications and services.
The Sr. Firewall Engineer is additionally responsible for providing guidance and mentorship to other Firewall and Networking members.
As the Senior Firewall Engineer your responsibilities will include:
- Supporting the firewalls and security devices within the data system
- Install, support and maintain firewall and other security hardware and software infrastructure according to industry best practices, including firewalls, intrusion detection and prevention devices, and VPN concentrators
- Diagnose advanced problems and solve issues, often under time constraints
- Subject matter expert for the firewall team and consult with other business units when necessary.
- Monitors network performance and implements performance tuning when necessary.
- Create and update documentation utilizing organizational standards to ensure retention and collaboration of knowledge
- Updates job knowledge by participating in educational opportunities; reading professional publications; maintaining personal networks; participating in professional organizations.
- Manage firewall/security systems by establishing and enforcing policies; defining and monitoring access.
- Reporting firewall operational status by gathering, prioritizing information; managing projects.
- Work closely with colleagues to meet team goals and improve processes and practices
This is a W2 only role.
Send updated resume to _EMAIL_.
A little about us:
Founded in 1948, Robert Half (NYSE: RHI) is the world's first and largest specialized staffing services firm.


text:
Vietnam ecological tourism development to protect forest biodiversity
The development of ecological tourism is considered a helpful way to protect natural resources in national parks and reserves in Vietnam, according to a seminar held in Da Lat, central highlands Lam Dong province, on April 9.
According to the participants, Vietnam has a great potential to develop eco-tourism in combination with natural resource preservation. The country possesses 30 national parks and 56 natural reserves, home to over 13,760 species of plants and 7,730 species of animals.
However, they said, the precious system of natural reserves has constantly been hurt by inhabitants living around. Nearly 80 percent of the population living close to the natural reserves in Vietnam are living in poverty and their lives are depending on unplanned forest exploitation, thus damaging the forest biodiversity.
Some delegates stressed the need to improve the living conditions for people living on edges of forests in order to ensure the success for the plan to develop eco-tourism and protect natural reserves.
The seminar was initiated by the Worldwide Fund for Nature Vietnam Programme, and the Bidoup-Nui Ba National Park of Lam Dong province.


text:
This petition was submitted during the 2017–2019 Conservative government
Petition Increase school transport funding for 16 to 18 year olds in full time education.
In 2015 changes to the Education and Skills Act 2008 made it compulsory for young people to continue in education, employment or training until the age of 18. Therefore, school transport funding to local authorities should be increased to include 16-18 year olds that remain in full-time education.
Currently the eligibility for free school transport ceases at age 16. This is because the old school leaving age was 16. Now that the school leaving age has effectively been increased to 18, the eligibility for free school transport should also be increased and should include any young person remaining in full-time education be it at a school or college. The justification for free school transport for 4-16 year olds also stands for 17 to 18 year olds.
This petition closed early because of a General Election Find out more on the Petitions Committee website


From GCtronic wiki
Jump to: navigation, search
Wheelphone main wiki
Phone inclination
In some applications you need that the phone mounted on the robot has a longer view with the back camera and this can be accomplished adding a small piece of plastic with which you can adjust the tilt. In our lab we designed a simple extension that let choose between two inclinations, the following figures compares the normal inclination (no extension) and the others two (with the extension in one side and the other side):
The installation is very easy: just insert it in the case of the robot.
An application that works better with this extension is the markers navigation app that need to detect markers at long distance.
Extra stabilization
Nowadays phones are always bigger and this is normally an advantage for the user, but the Wheelphone could get in troubles loosing the balance easier. For this reason a little weight can be placed on front of the robot to let it be more stable, especially when little ground obstacles need to be overcome. The following figure shows the plastic container (filled with lead) positioned on front of the robot thanks to the "lego connectors":
The plastic container is covered with some nice pictures, but you can put whatever images you like.
Play with lego
The Wheelphone robot has some "lego connectors" around in the case (i.e. in the bottom side near the ground sensors, in the front side over the proximity sensors, in the wheels,...). The following figures show some lego pieces attached to the Wheelphone, e.g. you can attach two arms and play with a ball, or you can send some message to your friends,...your fantasy is the limit.
Artist extension
Brings out your artistic side with this extension that let you attach a pen in the back side of the robot. The installation is very easy, the piece must be framed to the case as shown below:
The following video shows an example:
It's not a perfect heart, it's art ;-)
Magnetic drag
The same plastic extension used to work with a pen can be used to drag some others thinks thanks to a magnetic connection; insert a little magnet inside the hole as shown in the following first picture, then you are able to be for example a locomitve:
Video recording
If you are interested in recording a video directly on the phone that is connected to the robot, thus having the perspective of the robot while is moving, you can follow these steps:
 1. connect the phone to the robot and start the monitor application
 2. take the robot in your hands and give the robot a desired speed and enable obstacle avoidance (and cliff avoidance if you are moving on a table)
 3. press the home button of the phone
 4. start the camera app from the Android system and start recording
 5. place the robot on the ground and let it move around
 6. when you are satisfied take the robot, stop the recording and turn off the robot


text: © EURE. One of the most controversial aspects of the debate on urban sustainability is to what extent the overall environmental impact of cities is determined by its shape and spatial structure. Compact City Approach defenders argue that people living in the densest and central areas of large cities have a low environmental impact. Residential density and distance to the Central Business District (cbd) are the most common indicators proposed to capture urban spatial structure of cities. In this paper we estimate the ecological footprint of residential energy consumption, commuting and leisure purposes mobility from 475 surveys conducted in Concepción Metropolitan Area (Chile). After controlling for potential endogeneity problems and taken into account the socioeconomic aspects that may affect the value of the Ecological Footprint, residential density does not exercise significant influence, so compactness policies could prove ineffective. The results rule out that this result is due to the existence of compensatory behaviors that result in abnormally high mobility for leisure purposes in denser areas. Income is the main element explaining the observed variability in footprint values.


text:
Join Tammy Coron for an in-depth discussion in this video What is an activity?, part of iOS 9 Handoff Quick Start.
- [Voiceover] We've talked a lot about activities,…but what exactly is an activity?…In Handoff, an activity is represented…by an NSUserActivity object.…Like other objects, NSUserActivity…has methods and properties.…The main properties you'll be dealing with…are the activityType, title, and userInfo.…As we pull apart the NSUserActivity class,…you'll see exactly how we use these properties and why.…
- Getting started with Handoff interactions
- Understanding activities and activity types
- Implementing Handoff support
- Creating, updating, and continuing an activity
- Handling errors with Handoff interactions


plate tells the loader how to find the translation file. In this example, it's in /i18n/ directory. {part} will be provided later. {lang} is the language you use. It's set later too.
 2. Set the preferred language and fall back languages in your module configuration function. e.g.
 $translateProvider.preferredLanguage('zh_CN').fallbackLanguage('en_US');
 That tells the translate provider to look for translation for Simplified Chinese, and fall back to English if it's not found. This will set the {lang} for the loader.
 3. Load the translation file and refresh translation tables. This is done by
 $translatePartialLoader.addPart('contact');
 $translate.refresh();
 The translation file for 'contact' will be loaded. It sets the {part} in urlTemplate. So the translation file path is /i18n/contact/zh_CN.json.
 $translate.refresh() must be called every time a part is added. The document also suggests to refresh translation tables in event $translatePartialLoaderStructureChanged.
 app.run(function ($rootScope, $translate) {
 $rootScope.$on('$translatePartialLoaderStructureChanged', function () {
 $translate.refresh();
 });
 });

That seems straightforward. Everyone can add those code and start to use directives, filters or the service to translate their own applications. But that won't just work.
Both $translatePartialLoader.addPart() and $translate.refresh() are asynchronous. When you use directives, filters or the service to ask for translation for a given id, the translation table may not be loaded! This is what happens in my application. The document doesn't warn it, and doesn't present a solution either. The solution is simple, however. Both loadPart() and refresh() return promises. You have to ask $translate to get the translation after the promise refresh() is resolved. So you can do something similar to:
$translate.refresh().then(function() {
 $translate('TRANSLATE_ID').then(function(data) {
 $scope.SomeLabel = data;
 });
});
This is tedious. Every time when you try to translate something, you have to double check whether the translation table is ready. And you cannot use directives and filters. Because when the translation table becomes ready, it won't update the directives and filters. Here's an example to demonstrate the solution: _URL_
angular-translate is flexible in loaders and how to do translation (directives, filters or services). But there are some undocumented limitations (or bugs). When you use partial loader, you cannot use directives and filters. But at least, there's always another way of doing it. angular-translate still doesn't fail at getting the work done.
In C#, covariant and contravariant allow implicit conversion for generic type arguments. But they're not applied to struct or other value types including primitive type (except string) and enum.
Only an interface declaration can contain covariant and contravariant generic parameters.
A covariant allows to assign an object that is instantiated with a more derived type argument to an object that is instantiated with a less derived type argument. It's declared with keyword out with the generic type parameter. For example, this declares an interface with a covariant generic parameter: interface ICovariantInterface<out T>.
A contravariant does the reversed. It allows to assign an object that is instantiated with a less derived type argument to an object that is instantiated with a more derived type argument. It's declared with keyword in with the generic type parameter. For example, this declares an interface with a contravariant generic parameter: interface IContravariantInterface<in T>.
There are some built-in covariant and contravariant generic interfaces in C#, such as IEnumerable, IComparable.
Usually I would think that covariant in analogy to class hierarchy. It's similar to that a derived class can be assigned to a base class/interface. For contravariant, it's done in the opposite direction.
But we cannot use struct or other value types in covariant and contravariant. Both covariant and contravariant are applied to reference types. And reference types and value types have different memory layout.
So this is not allowed: IEnumerable<object> baseGeneric = new List<int>();.
This Guillaume Rouchon's post illustrates how to add a custom IntelliTraece event. Mine is to complement it with an enum type and updates in Visual Studio 2015 Update 2.
Let me summarize how to add a custom IntelliTrace event. The file you have to change is in a sub folder of Visual Studio installation folder, <VS installation folder>\Common7\IDE\CommonExtensions\Microsoft\IntelliTrace\14.0.0\en\collectionplan.xml. You need to have admin privilege to do that. This file only affect F5 debugging in Visual Studio. If you are using IntelliTrace standalone collector, you have to pass the collection plan file to the command line. So you can modify default one that comes with the standalone collector or write your own one.
What you need to do to add a custom event is
 1. Add a category under TracepointProvider/Categories
 2. Add an assembly under TracepointProvider/ModuleSpecifications
 3. Add your own diagnostic event specification under TracepointProvider/DiagnosticEventSpecifications
There are two ways of querying parameter values and returned values. The first is DataQuery. It's a simple declarative way using dot notation to get values of the parameter or the field in the parameter. It only supports primitive types. The other way is ProgrammableDataQuery. You have to provide your own IProgrammableDataQuery implementation to query a complex type.
For enum, we're going to use DataQuery.
We need to specify a type in the data query for enum. Intuition tells us we can use the enum type. But that's not working. The right type should be the underlying integral type. For example, int. The value is also an integral value too.
Let me illustrate it here.
I create a sample console application
using System;
namespace ConsoleApplication1
{
 enum Color
 {
 Red,
 Green,
 Blue
 }
 class Program
 {
 static void Main(string[] args)
 {
 PrintColor(Color.Blue);
 }
 static void PrintColor(Color color)
 {
 Console.WriteLine("Color: " + color);
 }
 }
}
Let's change the collection plan.
1. Add a new category.
<Category Id="enumSample" _locID="category.enumSample">Enum Sample</Category>
2. Add a new module
<ModuleSpecification Id="sample">ConsoleApplication1.exe</ModuleSpecification>
3. Add a diagnostic event specification
We're going to query the parameter color in the method PrintColor.
 <DiagnosticEventSpecification>
 <CategoryId>enumSample</CategoryId>
 <SettingsName _locID="settingsName.ConsoleApplication.PrintColor">PrintColor (Color)</SettingsName>
 <SettingsDescription _locID="settingsDescription.ConsoleApplication.PrintColor">Print the color</SettingsDescription>
 <Bindings>
 <Binding>
 <ModuleSpecificationId>sample</ModuleSpecificationId>
 <TypeName>ConsoleApplication1.Program</TypeName>
 <MethodName>PrintColor</MethodName>
 <MethodId>ConsoleApplication1.Program.PrintColor(System.Int32):System.Void</MethodId>
 <ShortDescription _locID="shortDescription.PrintColor.Color">Print Color "{0}"</ShortDescription>
 <LongDescription _locID="longDescription.PrintColor.Color">Going to print the color in integral value "{0}"</LongDescription>
 <DataQueries>
 <DataQuery index="0" type="Int32" name="color" query="" _locID="dataquery.PrintColor.Color" _locAttrData="color"></DataQuery>
 </DataQueries>
 </Binding>
 </Bindings>
 </DiagnosticEventSpecification>
Save the file and restart VS. The custom event shows in Tools/Options/IntelliTrace/IntelliTrace Events
IntelliTraceEventOptions
When I debug the program, the custom event appears in the Events table. Look at the description!


Child pages
 - Jenkins Sounds plugin
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Plugin Information
View Sounds on the plugin site for more information.
This plugin allows Jenkins to play arbitrary audio clips as build actions and notifications.
Play sounds on build events
Overview
This plugin is able to play audio clips locally through sound hardware, remotely by piping them through an operating system command, or simultaneously through all browsers that are on a Jenkins page.
When outputting through local hardware, Sounds requires that the Jenkins' server machine has a working sound card and speaker that is not in a remote server room where there's no one around to hear it.
Jenkins can execute a command on a remote machine to play a sound sent through a pipe. This is normally an SSH command to a remote Linux based host that has a working sound card (e.g. 'ssh <host> play -').
If you have HTML5 Audio capable browsers you can configure Sounds to play sounds through all the browsers that are on a Jenkins page.
Compatibility
For all of the options there are varying degrees of support for the multitude of audio file formats. The most widely supported (but the most inefficient) is WAV.
Triggering Sounds
Configured build action
A job can be configured to play a sound as part of its action. You can have jobs dedicated to playing sounds on a schedule, or have the job play a sound as it does other actions.
Configured post-build actions
The build configuration allows you to select a sound to be played for any build state transition. You can configure:
 - for any possible build result
 - a list of previous build results
 - the sound to play
External trigger
A sound can also be triggered by making an HTTP request and passing a URL to the sound to be played. This enables external tools to play sounds through Jenkins.
http://jenkins/sounds/playSound?src=file:///home/jenkins/sounds/somesound.wav
Customising the sound archive
Making a sound archive
The sound archive is a simple .zip or .jar file containing sound files.
Jenkins analyses each file to detect whether it is a valid sound file supported by JavaSound. JavaSound supports AIFF, AU and WAV, see formats.
NOTE: The filename extension does not guarantee that the format is supported. If you have a file that doesn't play, try passing it though a conversion tool like _URL_
Jenkins ignores the archive folder structure (to simplify packaging) and uses the file name less extension as an ID, so keep the archive flat, or avoid having the same filename in multiple folders.
Publishing your sound archive
Jenkins Sounds can read an archive from the local filing system, or an HTTP URL.
 - publish the archive on a local web server and use http://
 - put the archive in Jenkins' local filing system and use file://
NOTE: Jenkins streams the audio from the archive for each event (to reduce memory requirements), so make sure it's not too far away.
Configure Jenkins to use your archive
Within the Configure System section of Jenkins Management locate the settings for Jenkins Sounds.
Enter the path to the archive.
 - Absolute http:// and file:// URLs will be used unmodified.
 - URIs without a protocol will be assumed to be filing system references and converted to file:// URLs.
After changing the sound archive location URL you must save the form before being able to test the sounds.
The Test Sound advanced option shows a list of the sounds found in the archive and their supported format.
Changelog
Version 0.5 (Jun 25th, 2016)
Version 0.4.3 (Oct 8th, 2013)
 - Allowed local mute to be used by anonymous user when security is enabled (JENKINS-20081).
 - Fixed incompatibility with Jenkins version 1.445 and upwards causing configuration of system command in pipe mode to fail (JENKINS-13825).
 - Fixed error message when 'Sound archive location' field is left empty (JENKINS-19540).
Version 0.4 (Sep 1st, 2011)
 - Major update to provide option where sounds are played simultaneously through all browsers showing a Jenkins page.
Version 0.3 (Mar 1st, 2011)
 - Added capability of piping sounds through a system command (e.g. play on remote linux host)
 - Added the sad trombone - the best build breaking sound effect .... ever!
Version 0.2 (Dec 6th, 2009)
 - Internal sound archive restored if empty archive location submitted
 - Use classpath URI to internal archive
Version 0.1 (Dec 2nd, 2009)
 - Initial release
5 Comments
 1. Unknown User (orangmalu)
 Hello,
 I find your plugin interesting but would it be possible to let this plugin send the speech to a list of other machines on the same network?
 A lot the time, the Hudson server is not in the same room as the developers.
 Just a suggestion.
 Regards.
 2. Hello folks,
 Has anyone an example howto play a sound on a remote system?
 That would be great!
 Best Regards,
 Jan
 1. Do you mean in general or from the plugin? Assuming you mean from the plugin, if the remote system is *NIX then this is already supported, if you're on Windows then you might be able to use cygwin to make it work. I have plans to make this work on any platform, but it's a way down my to-do list yet.
 3. Hello,
 A neat feature would be a pool of soundfiles in which to choose from for each build type. For example, it could play one of a list of 'success' soundfiles on a successful build, randomized each time.
 Cheers,
 Jeff
 4. What privileges are needed to configure Sound Control Panel?


PhpStorm 2022.2 Help
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Siberian Ibex
Siberian Ibex
Altai ibex, Central asia(n) ibex, Gobi ibex, Himalayan ibex, Mongolian ibex, Tian shan ibex
Kingdom
Phylum
Subphylum
Class
Order
Family
Subfamily
Genus
SPECIES
Capra sibirica
Population size
Unknown
Life Span
10-22 years
Weight
34-130
74.8-286
kglbs
kg lbs
Height
67-110
26.4-43.3
cminch
cm inch
Length
130-165
51.2-65
cminch
cm inch
The Siberian ibex (Capra sibirica ), also known as the Altai ibex, Central Asia(n) ibex, Gobi ibex, Himalayan ibex, Mongolian ibex or Tian Shan ibex, is a species of ibex that lives in central Asia. It has traditionally been treated as a subspecies of the Alpine ibex, and whether it is specifically distinct from other ibex is still not entirely clear. It is the longest and heaviest member of the genus Capra, though its shoulder height is surpassed by the markhor.
Di
Diurnal
He
Herbivore
Fo
Folivore
Gr
Graminivore
Te
Terrestrial
Cu
Cursorial
Gr
Grazing
Br
Browsing
Co
Congregatory
Po
Polygyny
So
Social
He
Herding
Do
Dominance hierarchy
Mi
Migrating
Pa
Partial Migrant
S
starts with
Appearance
Siberian ibexes are large and heavily built goats. Their coats vary in color ranging from dark brown to light tan, with some reddish individuals. There is usually a stripe of darker hair down the center of the back and onto the tail, and some males have saddle-like patches on the back in the winter. The undersides are paler, and, in the winter, mature males becoming much darker with white patches. Females and infants are generally blander in color and do not always have the stripe down the back. Siberian ibexes typically molt between April and July, developing their paler summer coat, which continues to grow and become darker during the year, reaching the full winter condition around December. Both sexes have beards and horns. The female's horns are relatively small, and grey-brown in color. Those of fully-grown males are black. Both sexes have circular rings around their horns that represent annual growth, but males also have large transverse ridges along the front surface.
Distribution
Geography
Siberian ibexes are found in Afghanistan, western and northern China (Primarily Xinjiang), north-western India, south-eastern Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, eastern Uzbekistan, Mongolia, northern Pakistan, and south-central Russia. These animals live mostly above the tree line, in areas of steep slopes and rocky scree. Their habitat consists of a mixture of high altitude tundra, alpine meadows, and regions of semi-desert. In the Gobi Desert, they may be found on hills as low as 700 m (2,300 ft) in summer, descending to lower, sometimes sparsely forested, slopes during the winter.
Climate zones
Habits and Lifestyle
Siberian ibexes live in herds that vary in size depending on the local population; about 5-30 is most common, although they can become much larger during the rut. Outside of the rut, most herds are single-sex, although some mixed-sex herds persist throughout the year. Siberian ibexes are diurnal and spend much of the day grazing, staying an hour or more at each location before moving on. Usually living at high elevations, Siberian ibexes seek out lower slopes during the winter in search of food. They seek out shaded areas with vegetation on hot days but do not enter forested areas, preferring to return to their alpine habitat when the weather has cooled. When snow is heavy, they will paw away snow to reach the vegetation below. Siberian ibexes communicate with each other during the breeding season, when warning about predators, and for recognition between mother and young. Females usually recognize their newborn through scents and also call their young for feeding. Communication during the rut is based mainly on physical posturing in which males perform flehmen. Flehmen includes raising and curling of the upper lip, along with shutting the external nares.
Seasonal behavior
Diet and Nutrition
Siberian ibexes are herbivores (folivores) and their diet mainly consists of alpine grasses and herbs. During spring and summer, they feed mainly on grasses and sedges, while during winter they eat more tall herbs, and the twigs and needles of trees such as aspen, spruce, juniper, and willow. During the summer, they often visit salt licks.
Mating Habits
MATING BEHAVIOR
REPRODUCTION SEASON
late October-early January
PREGNANCY DURATION
170-180 days
BABY CARRYING
1 kid
INDEPENDENT AGE
6 months
FEMALE NAME
doe, nanny
MALE NAME
buck, billy
BABY NAME
kid, billy
Siberian ibexes are polygynous which means that males mate with more than one females. Courtship rituals consist of licking, ritualized postures, and flehmen. Males compete for dominance during the rut, rearing up on their hind legs and clashing their horns together. The rut takes place from late October to early January. The gestation period lasts 170-180 days, after which usually a single kid is born, although twins and triplets may also be born but on rare occasions. Newborn kids weigh about 3 kg (6.6 lb) and grow rapidly during their first year. The horns are visible after about 3-4 weeks. They begin to eat at 8 days after birth, but do not do so regularly until they are about one month old, and are not fully weaned until 6 months. Males reach reproductive maturity at 18 months of age but do not reach their full adult size for 9 years. Females first breed in their second year.
Population
Population threats
Main threats to Siberian ibexes are hunting for food and poaching in some areas by military personnel, road maintenance workers, and others. Other threats include competition with livestock for food and habitat, and in some areas by local predators among which are wolves, dholes, snow leopards, lynxes, foxes, and eagles.
Population number
According to IUCN, the Siberian ibex is abundant and widespread throughout its range but no overall population estimate is available. However, there are estimates of its populations in the following areas: China: Tian Shan - 40,000-50,000 individuals; Bei Mountains (northern Gansu) - 3,000-4,000 individuals. India: Ladakh - 6,000 individuals; south side of the main Himalaya - 4,000 individuals; Kanji-Boodkharbu Wildlife Sanctuary - 330 individuals; Lungnag Wildlife Sanctuary - 225 individuals; Rangdum Wildlife Sanctuary - 250 individuals; Rizong Wildlife Sanctuary - 174 individuals; Pin Valley National Park - 174 individuals. Former Soviet Republics of Central Asia: Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan - 70,000 individuals; Kazakhstan - 17,000 individuals; southern Siberia - 8,000-9,000 individuals; Altai - 3,000-3,500 individuals; Tannu Ola mountains of Tuva - 2,500 individuals; Western Sayan - 1,500 individuals; Eastern Sayan - 2,000-2,500 individuals; Uzbekistan - 2,400 individuals. Mongolia - around 80,000 individuals. Northern Pakistan - 2,545 individuals; Azad Jammu and Kashmir - 375 individuals. Currently, this species is classified as Least Concern (LC) on the IUCN Red List.
References
1. Siberian Ibex on Wikipedia - _URL_
2. Siberian Ibex on The IUCN Red List site - _URL_
More Fascinating Animals to Learn About


text:
insideHPC reader Sharan Kalwani sent us this pointer to a really cool application of the HPC resources at the EPCC, Edinburgh's supercomputing center. Researchers at the Building Research Establishment instrumented a mock apartment and set a fire so they could closely observe what happened as the fire burned and judge the effectiveness of an HPC-based numerical system called FireGrid that could eventually be used in real time by fire fighting teams:
A key element of FireGrid is its predictive capability, and this functionality was delivered using a fire/structure/egress code called K-CRISP, which ran faster than real time (or what its developers called "super-real time") on a remote high performance computing (HPC) system, and was accessed over the Internet using grid protocols….K-CRISP was employed to predict both structural collapse and flash-over. To improve the reliability of model predictions, real-time data was assimilated into the computation at regular intervals. To ensure that the simulations were completed rapidly enough to be of use to firefighters in predicting what would happen next, K-CRISP was parallelized following the Task Farm paradigm, in which each slave ran a serial simulation of the fire, and where interprocess communication was handled via the file system.


text:
Envirochoice lids are PLA, an environmentally friendly alternative to plastic.
What is PLA?
PLA Stands for polylactic acid and is a resin made from corn starch.
PLA is used to make the lining that is used in Envirochoice coffee cups.
PLA is biodegradable and fully compostable.
It uses 65% less energy in production compared to oil-based plastics.
It generates 68% fewer greenhouse gases and contains zero toxins.
Suits: 12oz , 16oz & 24oz
Carton: 1000 lids
Sleeve: 50 lids


text:
Plans to build one of the largest biomass plants of its kind in the world at the former Anglesey Aluminium site have taken a significant step forward.
The UK Government has given Chester-based Lateral Power crucial planning consent for the £600m facility on the outskirts of Holyhead.
Once operational, the development will create around 400 jobs with another 600 posts needed to build the plant.
The last major hurdle facing the development were changes announced by Lateral Power to the project's design and boiler technology.
But that final block has now been removed after the Department of Energy and Climate Change (DECC) decided to approve the firm's new plans.
Welcoming the announcement, Ynys Môn MP Albert Owen said that the latest development is "a major boost" for the island.
He said: "It is an excellent project producing low carbon energy and a self-contained eco-park on the site of the former smelter.
"It fits into the Energy Island concept, with the potential boost to the island's reputation and prosperity, and will create substantial job opportunities at a number of levels.
"It is important we move forward to create a balanced local and regional economy and a 21st century vision for the island. This news helps that."
The wood pellet burning plant is expected to generate 299MW of electricity, enough to power 300,000 homes – the equivalent of around a quarter of the houses in Wales.
Waste heat and water from the plant will also be used to create a specialist fish farm, while carbon dioxide emissions will be used to fuel hydroponic centres where crops such as tomatoes and lettuce will be grown in water.
Approving Lateral Power's application, the government wrote in its summing up: "Anglesey has witnessed a considerable number of job losses and there is a significant need for investment and the creation of jobs in Holyhead."
A spokesman on behalf of the DECC confirmed: "Ministerial consent has been given to allow for some technological changes to the biomass generating station at Penrhos Works, Holyhead, Anglesey."
The company and Anglesey Aluminium have not been available for comment.


ch41-p019 - 19. Let N be the number of atoms per unit...
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3/2 29 3 19 2 11.6eV 1.79 10 m . 3.65 10 m eV F E n A ⎛⎞ == = × ⎜⎟ ×⋅ ⎝⎠ If M is the mass of a single aluminum atom and d is the mass density of aluminum, then N = d / M . Now, M = (27.0 g/mol)/(6.022 × 10 23 mol –1 ) = 4.48 × 10 –23 g, so N = (2.70 g/cm 3 )/(4.48 × 10 – 23 g) = 6.03 × 10 22 cm – 3 = 6.03 × 10 28 m – 3 . Thus, the number of free electrons per atom is 29 3 28 3 1.79 10 m
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text:
If you are new to caring bearded dragons, irregular pooping schedules will most likely worry you especially if you don't know what is going on.
Differing pooping schedule and pooping rates can be normal to some extent. But for some instances though, changes in pooping frequency may indicate potential problems.
So, how often do bearded dragons poop?
The answer to this question may significantly vary depending on the bearded dragon's age, diet, and size. Younger bearded dragons tend to poop more frequently than adults. However, the bearded dragons in general, poop 1-7 times a week.
It is also important to note that apart from age, diet, and size, health problems could also potentially affect the pooping frequency of your bearded dragon.
Sickness will only negatively affect the pooping frequency but also the color and texture of the poop. If you notice these changes in your bearded dragon's poop, you better investigate what is going on.
Table of Contents
Comparison between Juvenile and Adult Bearded Dragon Bowel Movements
As mentioned, juvenile bearded dragons tend to poop more frequently than adults. Juveniles poop at least once to thrice a day in their healthy state.
This frequency happens in normal health conditions. But if your bearded dragon is suffering from health issues, these numbers may vary.
Adult bearded dragons, on the other hand, may poop once to seven times a week. They are far less frequent compared to their younger counterparts.
The pooping frequency difference between the young and adult bearded dragons is due to the amount of food they are eating.
The reason why juvenile bearded dragons tend to poop more frequently is that they eat more than their adult counterparts. This is because more food is required for its speedy growth.
Younger bearded dragons do not just eat random food. But they like foods that are rich in protein. This is the main reason why a juvenile bearded dragon eats more bugs than vegetables to get their protein needs. The more bugs they eat, the more frequently they will likely to poop.
Nonetheless, you should ensure that your bearded dragon gets a proper and balanced diet. They also need green leafy vegetables.
Related Article: What Can I Feed My Bearded Dragon to Make Him Poop? Best Care Tips
In some cases though, juvenile bearded dragons may poop more than 1-3 times a day. There are many factors that could affect the pooping frequency. Genetics and health issues are some of them.
As the bearded dragons grow older, they will eat less and therefore poops less. The amount of protein they consume will also decrease. This is because they have achieved their growth plateau. So they don't need as much protein as they used to.
In normal situations, adult bearded dragons poop once a day to once a week. These numbers though can vary depending on many factors.
While less frequent pooping schedule in adult bearded dragons is normal, far less frequent pooping schedule may be a sign of potential problems that you need to attend to immediately.
What I mean by this is that, if your bearded dragon won't poop for more than a week or so, something wrong is going on. Constipation can be one of the issues. But certainly, there are other more serious physical problems.
Bearded Dragons' Bowel Movements Potential Problems
Like humans, bearded dragons can also suffer from many bowel movement problems. The common issues are constipation and diarrhea.
But unlike humans, lizards cannot tell you what's going on. They won't tell you what is painful in their body. Your only way to notice their health problems is by paying attention to their bowel movements.
One of the common reasons for constipation and diarrhea is stress. And some of the most common stressors are extreme temperatures (low or high), changes in set up, low humidity, not enough space to roam around, etc.
If you made changes to their tank, or you moved to a new house, this could potentially cause stress to your bearded dragon. You'll notice afterward that your bearded dragons won't eat as they used to.
This is a normal reaction though. As your bearded dragons get used to the changes, they will recover and their diet will go back to normal.
Less amount of food could also cause stress to your lizards. It is important for them to have a balanced diet between greens, bugs, and worms. Be aware too that these foods have a certain effect on their bowel movements. Foods should be balanced.
If your bearded dragon is suffering from constipation, there are some basic steps to help your lizard get back to normal pooping.
Quick Note: If your bearded dragon won't poop for weeks, please consult a vet. Something must be wrong. Don't wait any longer because your bearded dragon may have suffered from a more serious problem.
Steps to Help Your Bearded Dragons Recover from Constipation
1. Give them enough water
This sounds basic, but most of the time we tend to forget it. I am guilty of this sometimes. It is important to remember that water is essential for regular and healthy bowel movements. So give them enough water to drink for the entire day.
When giving water, do not just put it in the bowl. Bearded dragons don't drink much in stagnant water. They like running water to drink from. A fountain is great for your lizards.
2. Set the tank properly
Stress can also be the result of inadequate habitat which in turn causes constipation in your bearded dragons. So give your lizard livable environment.
3. Give them appropriate diet
Giving your bearded dragons more greens and calcium will help them poop. Greens will speed up the bowel movements of your bearded dragons.
4. Give them a few drops of olive oil
Another quick way to stop constipation is to give your bearded dragons a few drops of olive oil. I want to emphasize here that there should be no other types of oil to use. Just olive oil. Some people recommend vegetable oil. However, I don't use it for my bearded dragons.
5. Give them a warm bath
Bathing, especially in warm water, could also help your bearded dragon poop. Water will trigger pooping.
What Does Bearded Dragon's Color Mean?
You probably notice that your bearded dragons' poops have varying colors. Each color may indicate the health of your lizards.
The following are the common poop colors and their implications:
- Brown or white usually suggests that your bearded dragon is in normal health condition. The color like this is the result of the combination of urate and poop.
- Green means that your bearded dragons have eaten more vegetables.
- Red could mean a normal health condition if only occasionally. However, if this is frequent, it may be a sign of impaction or constipation.
- Black can be a sign of more serious health issues. In some instances, it may be the result of internal bleeding. I suggest that you consult a vet to correctly diagnose the problem.
- Yellow may suggest that your bearded dragons are consuming a lot of calcium-rich foods. You can fix this by simply reducing the amount of calcium in their diet.
- Brown with white spots or lines usually the outcome of the combination of urate and poop. Sometimes it could also result from having parasite, especially tapeworm. If there's no tapeworm, then it is probably normal.
Related Article: Bearded Dragon Turning White: The Real Causes
If you have an adult bearded dragon, you normally see green poops in them. This is because most adult bearded dragons tend to eat more green leafy vegetables. So this is normal unless you see unusual consistencies in their poops.
It is important to remember that food is the most determinant of the poop color. So before you get panic, check the diet of your bearded dragon first. This should help you determine what is causing the changes in the poop color.


text:
A modern dictionary of Catholic terms, both common and obscure. Find accurate definitions of words and phrases.
CHURCH AND SYNAGOGUE
A biblical distinction between Christianity and Judaism. Scriptural equivalents for the faithful in the Old Testament are qahal, the entire religious community of the people of Israel, and edah, a congregation of believers. Greek synonyms for these in the Septuagint translation are ekklesia and synagoga, respectively. In the New Testament the difference between the two became technical, the first, meaning the assembly of people called together by God, and the second an existing religious gathering of people. This is illustrated in the text of St. Matthew's Gospel, where Christ promised Peter that "on this rock I will build my Church [ekklesia]," and Christian tradition has since canonized the terminology by reserving ekklesia for the society of Christ's followers and synagoga for the gathering of the Jews.
All items in this dictionary are from Fr. John Hardon's Modern Catholic Dictionary, © Eternal Life. Used with permission.


text:
Design Study Thin Film Multi-Cavity sharpness pulses applied in communications Field
Amer B.Dheyab, Gaillan H. Abdullah, Ali Hassan and Haider Y. Hammod
Ministry of science and technology/Directorate of material Research /center of laser research
|Related article at Pubmed, Scholar Google|
We present design thin film multi-cavity sharpness pulses applied in communications Field. These filters are most widely used filtration technologies that made possible technical advancement of modern optical communication system.This paper is concerned with a theoretical study on optoelectronics physics to design and analyze this type of filter. A brief introduction to the thin film sharpness pulses applied in communications Field. Technology will be presented. The recent progress in design thin film multi-cavity technology will be reviewed. These designs consist of two material TiO2 / SiO2 as high / low index. The wavelength range 710 - 1025nm and detecting number of channels (20channels) at different wavelengths. The filter is to be coated on substrate Fused Silica having index 1.55 and the design operates at incident angle (450).


Photo © The Israel Museum, Jerusalem
Statue of a figure with a large basin
Late Canaanite period, 15th-13th century BCE
H: 110; W: 90; Diam: 78 cm
Israel Antiquities Authority
Accession number: IAA _PHONE_
This statue was found in the throne room of the palace/temple at Hazor. It shattered into hundreds of fragments in the fire that destroyed the city. Though nothing like it has come to light anywhere in the Near East, its style bears a clear link to Syrian and Hittite art. The basin suggests it was used in a religious rite.
The figure wears a pendant in the shape of a crescent with an eight-rayed star, symbols of a prominent deity. However, there is no way of telling whether it represents a god or a ruler.
Beliefs and Believers; Ancient Art from the Israel Museum, Israel Museum, Jerusalem, 31/05/2007 - 05/11/2009


text:
2434 Stone Rd, Apt 11
Lansing, MI 48917
Job Objective Environmental Analyst position in an established company.
Highlights of Qualifications:
- Sound knowledge of DoD
- Ability to handle multiple tasks simultaneously and switch between tasks quickly
- Proficient in Microsoft Office-Excel, Visio, Power Point, Word and Access
- Profound knowledge of working with company environmental services and procedures
- Proficient in working with federal environmental regulations, policies and compliance procedures
- Excellent written and oral communication skills
Bettis Atomic Power Laboratory, Lansing, MI
August 2005 – Present
- Scheduled and organized team of analysts, scientists and other personnel in the research of complex environmental.
- Provided and advised recommendations on environmental matters in conjunction.
- Recommended changes to processes and procedures as appropriate.
- Performed and conducted problem management and escalation to support staff and management.
- Ensured that problems are handled in an expedited and efficient manner.
- Recommended resolution and implemented changes as approved.
Junior Environmental Analyst
Rio Tinto, Lansing, MI
May 2000 – July 2005
- Conducted and performed studies on the methodology and equipment used to meet environment and health standards.
- Ensured that company and client environmental concerns are addressed.
- Investigated and performed complex environmental compliance issues,
- Evaluated corrective action options to ensure that analysis is accurate and solutions are feasible and appropriate.
- Designed and implemented projects and managed long-term compliance.
- Managed long term compliance to ensure that environmental guidelines are adhered to.
Masters Degree in Environmental Science
University of California, Berkeley, CA
Bachelors Degree in Environmental Science
University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ


metarush/perm
Role-based access control (RBAC) with custom rules (like ABAC)
v3.0.0 2020-06-14 20:13 UTC
This package is auto-updated.
Last update: 2022-05-15 00:42:44 UTC
README
Perm allows you to implement role-based access control (RBAC) functionality in your app with optional custom rules (like ABAC).
Install
Install via composer as metarush/perm
Usage
Perm expects you to provide the following arrays:
 - $roleRanks: hierarchy of roles
 - $roleResources: list of resources roles has access to
 - $resourceRestrictions: list of restrictions resources have that must validate before access is granted
array $roleRanks
An array where keys represent roleIds while the values represent their hierarchy. Example:
$roleRanks = [
 1 => 1,
 2 => 2,
 3 => 3
]
Keys 1,2,3 represent roleIds in your app. This could mean that 1 represents an admin, 2 a moderator, 3 a staff.
Values 1,2,3 represent their hierarchy. Lower value means a higher rank.
Note: Resources of a lower role are inherited by higher roles. E.g., Resources of a role with rank 3 are inherited by roles with a rank 2 and 1.
array $roleResources
An array where keys represent roleIds while values represent an array of resourceIds the roleId has access to. Example:
$roleResources = [
 1 => ['1','2'],
 2 => ['3','4'],
 3 => ['5','6']
];
Keys 1,2,3 represent roleIds in your app. This could mean that 1 represents an admin, 2 a moderator, 3 a staff.
Values ['1','2'], ['3','4'], ['5','6'] represent resourceIds in your app. This could mean that 1 represents "create user", 2 "edit user", 3 "create post", and so on.
You may notice that the values are strings. This is so you could literally use strings like 'createUser' as it can also act as identifiers. Doing this, you may skip explicitly creating a list of numerical resourceIds, as long as your app can handle it.
Alternative example:
$roleResources = [
 1 => ['createUser', 'editUser'],
 2 => ['createPost','editPost'],
 3 => ['readPost', 'createComment']
];
Perm does not care how you name your roles or resources.
array $resourceRestrictions
An array where keys represent resourceIds while values represent an array of restrictions that are allowed. Restrictions in Perm are represented by the following public constants:
Perm::RESTRICTION_PERMISSION
Allow if the role has an explicit permission. E.g., "moderator" role has "create user" permission.
Perm::RESTRICTION_CUSTOM_RULE
Allow if the custom rule is met
Perm::RESTRICTION_OWNER
Allow if the requesting user is the owner of the resource
Perm::RESTRICTION_CUSTOM_RULE_AND_OWNER
Allow if the custom rule is met and the requesting user is the owner of the resource
Perm::RESTRICTION_PERMISSION_AND_CUSTOM
Allow if the role has explicit permission and if the custom rule is met
Example:
$resourceRestrictions = [
 '1' => [
 Perm::RESTRICTION_PERMISSION
 ],
 '2' => [
 Perm::RESTRICTION_PERMISSION,
 Perm::RESTRICTION_OWNER
 ],
 '3' => [
 Perm::RESTRICTION_CUSTOM_RULE
 ],
 '4' => [
 Perm::RESTRICTION_CUSTOM_RULE_AND_OWNER
 ]
 '5' => [
 Perm::RESTRICTION_PERMISSION_AND_CUSTOM_RULE
 ]
];
Keys 1,2,3,4, 5 represent resourceIds in your app. This could mean 1 represents "create user", 2 "edit post", 3 "delete post", 4 "delete comment", 5 "delete user".
Values represent their restrictions that Perm understands. This is how Perm will interpret the abve example:
 - resourceId 1 or "create user" resource, is allowed if the role of the requesting user has an explict "create user" permission.
 - resourceId 2 or "edit post" resource, is allowed if the role of the requesting user has an explict "edit post" permission, or, if the requesting user is the owner of the resource
 - resourceId 3 or "delete post" resource, is allowed if its custom rule is met. E.g., any rule you set like "post can be deleted if x". The rule is customizable in your own code as long as it returns a boolean value.
 - resourceId 4 or "delete comment" resource, is allowed if its custom rule is met and if the requesting user is the owner of the resource.
 - resourceId 5 or "delete user" resource, is allowed if the role has explicit permission and if its custom rule is met
As you can see in resourceId 2, you can combine restrictions as you wish.
When using combined restrictions, only one restriction that validates is required to grant access. E.g., In resourceId 2, access is granted if the user has explicit permission for resourceId 2 or if its custom rule validates.
Optional custom classes
PermissionInterface $ownerFinder
This custom class that you create will be used as the owner finder for a given resource.
Required by:
 - Perm::RESTRICTION_OWNER
 - Perm::RESTRICTION_CUSTOM_RULE_AND_OWNER
Use the ->setOwnerFinderFactoryFqn($ownerFinderFactoryFqn) method in the builder to apply this custom class through a factory class that you will also create.
PermissionInterface $customRules
This custom class that you create will be used as the custom rule handler for a given resource.
Required by:
 - Perm::RESTRICTION_CUSTOM_RULE
 - Perm::RESTRICTION_CUSTOM_RULE_AND_OWNER
 - Perm::RESTRICTION_PERMISSION_AND_CUSTOM_RULE
Use the ->setCustomRulesFactoryFqn($customRulesFactoryFqn) method in the builder to apply this custom class through a factory class that you will also create.
To sum it up, if you're going to create an owner finder class then you also need to create a factory class that instantiates and returns your owner finder class. Likewise, if you're going to create a custom rules class, create a factory class for it too.
For an example on how to implement these custom classes, see the tests/unit/Samples folder.
Init the library
In your middleware, controller, or top of your app:
use MetaRush\Perm;
$perm = (new Perm\Builder)
 ->setRoleRanks($roleRanks)
 ->setRoleResources($roleResources)
 ->setResourceRestrictions($resourceRestrictions)
 ->setOwnerFinderFactoryFqn(Perm\Samples\MyOwnerFinderFactory::class) // optional
 ->setCustomRulesFactoryFqn(Perm\Samples\MyCustomRulesFactory::class) // optional
 ->build();
Create a Request object
$userId = 5; // userId of the requesting user
$roleId = 3; // roleId of $userId e.g., "staff"
$resourceId = 'addUser'; // resourceId of the requested resource
$serverRequest = $psr7serverRequest; // optional PSR-7 ServerRequestInterface object
$request = new Perm\Request($userId, $roleId, $resourceId, $serverRequest);
The above values are arbitrary data depending to your app. The optional $serverRequest parameter can be used in your custom rules.
Pass the Request object to Perm's hasPermission()method:
if (!$perm->hasPermission($request))
 exit('Access denied');
// access allowed, continue with the app...
That's the idea on how to use Perm. The CRUD functions, or database of users, roles , and resources, are not included in this library as they are best implemented in userland -- since they are typically unique per project. The important thing to remember is to make them compatible with the three arrays required by Perm as discussed previously:
 - $roleRanks
 - $roleResources
 - $resourceRestrictions


Traditions of Sheelah's Day March 18
Drowning the shamrock on Sheelah's Day
Sheelah's Day falls on March 18, the day after St Patrick's Day, and was once widely recognised all over Ireland as part of the old Irish calendar.
The tradition of Sheelah's Day
An old way of celebrating St Patrick's day was to eat and drink into the early hours of March 18, known as Sheelah's day. Like St Patrick's day, Shamrocks would also be worn during Sheelah's day. At the end of the night the Shamrocks would be drowned in the last glass of whiskey; this became known as the drowning of the Shamrock.
Sheelah's Day was so widely celebrated in Ireland that emigrants of the late 1600's took the tradition with them. The day still plays a part in the history of Newfoundland and the term Sheila's Brush describes a large snow storm that falls around St Patrick's Day. In Australia, the name Shelia became popular and was first recorded in Australian English in 1832.
Unfortunately, in Ireland, the traditions of Sheelah's Day completely died out leaving uncertainty as to why this day was actually celebrated.
Who was Sheelah?
For years Scholars have been debating on who exactly Sheela was and various theories have been thought up.
A popular theory is that Sheelah was the wife of St Patrick. With celibacy rules within the church today this theory sounds ridiculous but in the early years of the Christian Church the clergy was mostly married men.
During the 18th Century an English writer by the name of William Hone researched the traditions of Sheelah and found that most people described her being the wife of St Patrick. Unfortunately there is no evidence to back up this theory and there is no mention of Sheela in St Patrick's Confessio, so it simply remains an Irish myth.
Another theory about Sheelah is that she was St Patrick's mother but was this just a representation of another theory, that she was actually a pagan goddess? It wasn't unusual for the Catholic Church to merge pagan beliefs into Christian beliefs to make it easier to convert the Irish so it wouldn't be surprising.
The Sheela-na-gig in Ireland
One connection to Sheela is the Sheela-na-gig ( Síle na Gigh), stone carvings of women displaying their vulva. The stone carvings are somewhat explicit in nature but were commonly found on Churches and Castles built before the 16th century. Most of them were found above doors ways so they did play a vital role in protecting the building from evil.
So far the Sheela-na-gig's have been discovered in various countries such as Spain, France, Britain, and Ireland. The greatest number of Sheela-na-gig's is in Ireland, mostly in locations that have been influenced by the Normans who invaded.
There are so many questions left unanswered about Sheela, and even the Sheela-na-gigs, so the theories behind them are still wide open for interpretation.


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Performances will be held 7:30 p.m., Nov. 17-20 at Intermedia Arts, 2822 Lyndale Ave South Minneapolis, MN 55408. An artist discussion will follow the Friday and Saturday evening performances. The Opening Night Reception will be held from 5 ro 7 p.m. on Thursday, Nov. 17, followed by a special "pay-what-you-can" performance.
What would a polar bear say if he could talk? How does a small Indigenous Community fight a large multi-national corporation that is intending to exploit its natural resources?
"Calling All Polar Bears" is a one-woman show by Inupiaq Eskimo Inter-Disciplinary Artist, Allison Warden, whose roots are from Kaktovik, Alaska, a village in the heart of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge.
Through the show, Allison takes on the characters of animals, and of people in her village, as they bring to light the complexity surrounding climate change in the Arctic and the push to extract resources from the Arctic regions. Indigenous communities all over the globe are facing similar challenges and "Calling All Polar Bears" hopes to engage audiences through an Inupiaq perspective and inspire audiences to think critically about these pressing issues and also hopefully take action to help fight for Indigenous sovereignty and traditional and customary ways of life.
Through humor, tears and engaging characters, "Calling All Polar Bears" takes you into the heart of the Arctic, with the hope of melting your heart towards a new perspective on the fate of the polar bears and the Inupiaq people.
Tickets are $12 advance, students, seniors; $15 door. Purchase advance tickets online at _URL_, or over the phone by calling _PHONE_.
Allison Warden (Aku-Matu) is an Iñupiaq Eskimo Inter-Disciplinary Artist with a passion for the self-determination of Indigenous Peoples. She raps under the name AKU-MATU and loves working with young people, empowering them through the use of theatre and music.
Warden creates her own beats for her rhymes, sampling traditional sounds and inserting her Iñupiaq language into her songs. She recently performed as Aku-Matu at Columbia University, as part of a concert put on by the Department of Ethnomusicology. She lives in Anchorage, Alaska and has close ties to her home community of Kaktovik, Alaska.
Her one-woman show, "Ode to the Polar Bear" has toured extensively across Alaska and the lower-48 and is now re-worked into a completely new and longer piece, titled "Calling All Polar Bears" which is debuting at Pangea Theatre in 2011. The show focuses on an Indigenous perspective of climate change, the push to drill in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge and the fate of Alaska's polar bear.
She is excited to tour this new show in 2012. She acted in Andrew MacLean's film, "On the Ice" that premiered at Sundance in 2011. In 2009, she was part of the "virtual subsistence" exhibition at MTS Gallery and coordinated over 25 people to participate in a performance that focused on the incident with the Point Hope caribou and land use issues.
Allison was the MC for the Elders and Youth Convention at the Alaska Federation of Natives Conference in October of 2010 and 2011 and was active in presenting about language revitalization. Allison is an engaged community member, passionate about awakening Indigenous youth to their potential and voice. She is most excited about working on her AKU-MATU album and about expressing herself through writing more poetry, plays and a screenplay.
This project is made possible in part by support from the National Performance Network Performance Residency Program. For more information: _URL_.
The Indigenous Voices Series was created by Pangea World Theater and is co-presented annually by Intermedia Arts. Indigenous Voices explores issues in the indigenous agenda, focusing not only on internal details but also the wider global and national contexts through the medium of theater and performance art.
In this series, local, national, and international artists raise issues that affect their community-issues of identity, rights, struggles, and experiences. Featured artists have included Native Americans James Luna, Bently Spang, Marcus Amerman, Heid Erdrich, Sterlin Harjo, and Keo Woolford; Niuean-Samoan Dianna Fuemana; Native Canadian Margo Kane; and Tasmanian aboriginal Tammy Anderson. The series has included youth workshops, poetry slams and a global indigenous summit featuring speakers from across the world.
The Catalyst Series showcases the heart of Intermedia Arts' mission: sparking dialogue and social change with new performing arts, visual arts and film presentations. Through this new series, Intermedia Arts provides quality exhibition, performance, screening, meeting and workshop space to independent artists, arts organizations, youth groups, community groups and individuals who are dedicated to using art as a tool for social change.
Pangea World Theater begins from the fundamental paradigm of diversity in the world. Our work expresses this reality and our organization advances this possibility consciously.
Since its inception in 1995, Pangea's goals have included creating a new literature with stories from different communities for theater, changing our methods of auditioning in order to include artists from diverse communities who are not trained in the traditional western methods of the audition process, and creating new possibilities and new aesthetic realities for a more diverse audience.
As the community of the Twin Cities has become increasingly diverse with the influx of new immigrants, Pangea has actively sought individuals from these communities to be part of our artistic and advisory team. _URL_


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photo credit: anabis
Something long and thin wriggles past you in the countryside. The knee-jerk response may be that you've just seen a snake but how can you be certain that what you've seen isn't a slow worm instead? Let's take a closer look at slow worms and the different species of snake present in the UK to give you a better idea of how to correctly identify and distinguish between snakes and slow worms.
There are a number of factors that can help us to tell the difference between slow worms and snakes. Some are "dead certs" – almost guaranteed to ensure you have the correct identification – whilst others are less certain and in these cases it may be necessary to use a number of different factors in order to be reasonably confident about an identification.
This is especially so if you only had a fleeting glimpse out of the corner of your eye rather than a good long look at the reptile in question. Wherever possible – both to make identification easier and to serve as a reminder in the future – try to take a few photographs of the animal in question.
These don't need to be "award winning" nature photographs – certainly mine aren't – but when a creature could vanish at any second grabbing a few quick pictures that you can analyze at your leisure later on can not only make your identifications more accurate but also more enjoyable as you sit and ponder them at a later date in the comfort of your own home.
Whilst the body of most snakes tends to taper gently from the mid section down to a fine point at the end of the tail the slow worm typically appears far chunkier with the "tail" appearing far blunter and ending far more sharply. In addition, be aware that unlike snakes, slow worms can "drop" their tails like many other lizards and so this can lead to an even "stubbier-looking" tail than normal.
The head shape differs between slow worms and snakes but it can be quite a subtle feature so isn't recommended as the only identification source. In general the species of British snakes tend to have rather flatter-looking heads than the higher, rounder head of the slow worm. Remember that the slow worm is a lizard and not a snake and when you look closely at them it can be quite easy to see that their head is more lizard-like than snake-like.
Grass snakes, smooth snakes and adders all typically have quite clearly-defined patterns to help with camouflage. Spots and stripes are common in these species while the slow worm is typically a reasonably uniform brown in colour. Younger specimens may have stripes of colour but these tend to be longitudinal (from head to tail) rather than the more lateral marking of, for example, an adder.
British snakes feed on a variety of prey including frogs and small mammals but slow worms are rather different in that they prefer small invertebrate prey. Slugs are a perfect example of the type of food they enjoy and so should you see a "slow worm" eating a frog for example, it's almost certainly actually a snake.
Snakes have sealed eyelids through which they see which makes them appear to have no eyelids. As a result they are also incapable of blinking. As lizards however, slow worms do have eye lids and with patience you may even see them blink. Blinking, therefore, is a guaranteed indicator that what you have seen is a slow worm and not a snake.
Of course baby snakes are smaller than adults but overall slow worms are far smaller than most of the British species of snake. Baby slow worms – which are born live rather than in egg form – can be just a few inches long and even the adult rarely exceed more than a foot. Compare this to the size that an adder or a grass snake may achieve and a smaller-sized, serpent-like creature is more likely to be a slow worm than a snake.
Thanks to their preferred prey, slow worms are most likely to be seen after rain and/or in the early evening where they will be searching for small invertebrates to eat. In contrast adders and grass snakes are often seen basking in the heat of the day though a slow worm that has been disturbed from it's hiding place may still be seen at these times of day.
Adders, generally, seem to prefer heathland habitats, grass snakes those with open water in the form of ponds or streams while slow worms can be seen in a variety of habitats though grassland areas is where they are most often observed.
Telling a slow worm from a snake can take a little practise but hopefully you can see there are a number of factors that you can use to help you make a definitive identification.


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Marathon Monday highlights
Today is Patriots Day in Massachusetts, the day the Boston Marathon is traditionally run. For the second year in a row, it's a day without a race. In past years, we've used the marathon as a metaphor to convey various tips to help students strengthen executive function skills. As we remember highlights of marathons past, here are some of our Marathon Monday TOTW highlights.
- Intrinsic motivation, commitment, and working toward a goal
- Keep pace, stay focused, and the follow the process
- When things don't go as planned
- "A marathon is hundreds of miles. The finish is the last 26.2."
Wishing everyone a relaxing and enjoyable Patriots Day!


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The Analysis of Slice-Induced Factors in Golf Swing Using a 3D Motion Capture System
In golf, it is crucial that unintended shots, such as slices, be minimized. However, it has proven rather difficult to improve golf performance via investigations of the causes of slicing, as this particular phenomenon is induced by a cooperative effect by each segment of the body, rather than by a single postural anomaly. Thus, the objective of this study was to isolate and characterize the factors causing slicing, and to present possibilities for the improvement of golf performance via the minimization of the number of slices executed, using a three dimensional motion capture system, combined with multiple regression analysis, artificial neural network, and fuzzy logic techniques. This study obtained some interesting results, such as the following: (1) We isolated 9 slice-inducing factors, using a stepwise method. (2) Our artificial neural network (ANN) accurately separated'slice' from 'normal' shots (classification rate: 100%). (3)We could present the possibility of reducing the number of slice using the fuzzy logic. We expect that our data might be eventually used to improve golf performance.
Seung-Seok Lee, Joon Hyun Lee, Ik Keun Park, Sung-Jin Song, Man Yong Choi
T. Y. Sim et al., "The Analysis of Slice-Induced Factors in Golf Swing Using a 3D Motion Capture System", Key Engineering Materials, Vols. 321-323, pp. _PHONE_, 2006


text: Thresholding is always critical and decisive in problem solving. In this paper, we propose an adaptive fuzzy logic-based approach to thresholding for exon prediction problem, which is an important problem in bioinformatics. Rather than using the same threshold for the entire dataset, we allow the thresholds to vary along the dataset based on the local statistical properties. We incorporate it in a soft computing framework of training and testing to determine the optimum adaptive thresholds. The search space of the trained database is reduced by determining a dynamic range of thresholds using fuzzy logic rules, which makes our approach faster. To test our approach, we applied the proposed algorithm on a particular solution to the exon prediction problem, which uses a threshold on the frequency component at f = 1/3 in the nucleotide sequences. Preliminary experiments on the nucleotide data of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae (Bakers yeast) illustrate the potential of our approach. The adaptive thresholding approach gave suitable thresholds to detect the exons which were otherwise difficult to detect using a traditional static thresholding scheme.


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person lifting screen off shirt
How to Achieve Matte or Glossy Prints
Wondering how to adjust the final looks of the ink? (Is it too shiny? Want it to look dull? Or is it dull and you want it to look shiny?) Let's look into it.
First, let's check out some general, background information about plastisol inks. Some inks already have a little bit of a puff/blowing agent in them. These inks will always give a semi-gloss, semi-matte finish. Some inks are inherently glossy — these inks have no blowing agent in them.
Alright, now let's learn how to adjust your inks to get the look you want.
neck label
Photo by Rogue Lab.
When the surface of the print is broken up, it doesn't reflect light as readily, so it looks more matte.
One reason a print looks more matte is due to the shirt's texture. When a printer prints the ink into the shirt's fibers more, the ink molds itself to the shirt's fibers, there's no flat surface. Traditionally printing a vintage print is a great example of a matte print. When printing vintage, the ink goes into the shirt's fibers. The print looks faded and dull.
Pro Tip: Traditional water-based inks are more semi-matte, semi-gloss.
To make a print look more matte, you'll need to add an additive to the ink that breaks up the surface of the print, which inhibits ink from reflecting light.
The best additive to use is either puff or suede additives (a.k.a blowing agents because they puff). You only need to add about 2%-3% (by weight) of puff or suede additive to the ink to achieve the matte finish.
Glossy prints have a smooth surface where the ink sits on top of the shirt. Light is able to reflect off the ink's surface, which makes it look more glossy.
Laying down a heavier ink deposit will also make a print look glossy. The heavy ink deposit will not permit the shirt's fibers to influence the surface texture of the ink. The smooth, flat surface will be shiny once you pull it out of the dryer.
Athletic apparel typically have a thicker ink deposit. Jerseys, hoodies, etc. usually have sheets of plastisol layered on top of each other. Therefore, athletic apparel is much more shiny compared to other kinds of apparel.
Pro Tip: Plastisol inks are usually more shiny compared to water-based inks
print on black shirt
Photo by Lookout Prints.
Remember, the key to getting a glossy print is keeping the ink on top of the fibers to create a smooth surface.
One way is with printing your base white and using a smoothing screen to get the surface super smooth. Now you can over print the white base, allowing the top colors to be smooth and glossy. Or, you can print-flash-print the colors because the flash will enhance the smoothness of the ink's surface. Use a smoothing screen to make it even smoother.
You could also mix in gel gloss to the ink (gel is designed to be glossy and shiny). Or, you could overprint part of the design — or the whole thing — with the gel.
There's one fact that's important to note about inks that are designated as matte: These inks will be very difficult to create or add a gloss to it since the the ink already has dulling agents/additives in the ink. Try adding gel into the ink and testing what works best for you. You could also try overprinting at the end with a gel gloss.
person lifting screen off shirt
Photo by Symmetree Clothing.
Pro Tip: When printing on synthetic shirts, it's easier to create a smooth, flat surface because there are no free fibers poking through. If you're printing on cotton tees, you'll have to work harder to achieve a flat surface.
Another way to achieve the glossy effect is by curing the print at a higher temperature. Excess heat can affect how the inks look. Running with the heat set high will typically cause the ink to sit at a "melt point" for an extended period of time. Sitting in this high temperature can directly cause the ink to become shiny. It's a viable technique, but not all ink will behave this way unfortunately. Some ink types and brands that will bubble or puff when the ink gets too hot. The print may look mottled. Always test inks before running any kind of production and pick the method that works best for you with your equipment within your shop.
Remember the vintage print? It is possible to make a vintage print a little glossy by using a smoothing screen after a flash or an iron. Utilizing one of those tools will set the ink on top of the shirt, making it more glossy. It'll still be vintage soft.
As many of us know, you can use a heat press to help fix a rough print. When it's done, the print will look smooth, and it often can look glossy. The glossiness appears due to the teflon sheet pushing the fibers into the print while also creating a smooth surface.
For the opposite effect — getting a matte finish — place craft paper on top of the print and press it. The craft paper will break up the surface to make it more semi-gloss, semi-matte.
Using transfers? Cold peel transfers will always look glossy. Hot peel transfers look semi-glossy, semi-matte because when you lift off the film, it lifts a little of the ink with it, which breaks up the surface.
In the end, the ink's surface texture will determine how shiny or dull a print is. With this new information, you'll be able to manipulate prints to look as shiny or as dull as you prefer. If you post your prints on social media, tag us or use the hashtag, _TAG_. We want to see what you're printing!
Previous article How to Use the Stipple Shading Brushes in Procreate


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What's The Real Story Behind the Term 'Kangaroo Court?'
Hopefully you'll never be tried by a kangaroo court. And no, that doesn't mean the jury will be made up of boxing marsupials.
A 'kangaroo court' is a law court set up to look like justice is being served, when in fact the proceedings are a farce, held only for the sake of appearances. It's also held in baseball clubhouses to hand down penalties for poor play. There seems to be several theories out there as to how this expression got started. Let's take a look at a few.
An Australian Origin?
Since kangaroos are found only in Australia, you would think the term does in fact come from Down Under. When settlers were first making their way across the Outback, they would hold 'hopper's courts' from time to time, when there was some legal trouble that needed resolving. 'Hopper' most likely refers to kangaroos, but unfortunately there is a lack of written documentation, or evidence, that proves this term was in fact used by early European pioneers in Australia, although many claim it was.
Animals That Likes To Stare
So what do kangaroos have in common with a jury of your peers? Well, apparently when a roo, or a boomer encounters a human being, it will halt in its tracks and gape blankly at the person in question for a long time, before eventually skipping off. Perhaps that vacant stare is reminiscent of the looks jurors get when they are mulling over the facts of a difficult case.
An American Origin
Americans in the 19th century knew about kangaroos, even if they'd never see one before, and their famed jumping abilities. It seems the term sprung into usage around the 1850s, during the California Gold Rush, to describe 'claim jumpers.' Claim jumpers were people who grabbed the land rights of others, especially mineral rights. Kangaroo courts might have been set up by those involved in the mining profession to deal with these jumpers.
Modern Day Kangaroo Courts
These days it seems you most often read about kangaroo courts when some dictator wants to give the appearance of serving justice, when in fact the decisions the 'court' will eventually arrive at have been decided well ahead of time. Perhaps the 'kangaroos' being referred to are simply the wild jumps in logical these types of proceedings tend to make.
Regardless of the true origins of this term, try not to become the defendant in one of these trials, because the ruling won't go in your favor. Best avoid tangles with the law in places where kangaroo courts prevail.


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The flag of Haiti consists of two different colored horizontal bands, with the national coat of arms at the center. The top band is bright blue in color, while the bottom band is red. The coat of arms of Haiti is made up of two yellowish-gold colored cannons faced in opposite directions on top of a green hill. A drum with two axes is located between the cannons and six flags are located behind the cannons (3 on each side). Running down the center of this image is a palm tree wearing a hat, known as the Liberty Cap. A white banner sits at the bottom of the hill with the Latin phrase meaning "Strength in Unity." The flag of Haiti was officially adopted on February 26, 1986, when the country began its transition to democracy. However, the flag's design was previously used from 1859 until 1964 under the First Haitian Republic.
Symbolism of the Flag of Haiti
Residents of Haiti celebrate National Flag Day on May 18th of every year, which is a day for Haitians to celebrate the original creation of the flag. The original design is believed to have been created by Jean-Jacques Dessalines, who led the Haitian revolution. Oral histories suggests that the revolutionary figure ripped apart the French flag, removing and discarding its white center band. Dessalines gave the remaining blue and red pieces to his goddaughter, Catherine Flon, so that she could sew them together. Maintaining this story and two of the three colors of the French flag symbolizes the history of Haiti and its ability to achieve independence. Some accounts suggest that the blue and red colors are meant to represent the ethnicities living in this country. Additionally, the coat of arms is said to represent independence and freedom, which are symbolized by the palm tree at its center and the weapons on the hill.
Variations of the Flag
A variation of the current flag of Haiti lacks the center image of the coat of arms. This simple bi-color flag is used as a civil flag, which means it is flown by civilians and private businesses. The variation also serves as the national ensign, which means it is flown on a number of non-governmental water vessels.
From 1625 until 1804, prior to Haiti's independence from France, its flag was white with the image of the French crown over a blue shield that held three fleur-de-lis. After the revolution, Haiti adopted a vertical bi-color of black and red that was only used for two years. This flag was followed by the flag of the State of Haiti, from 1806 until 1811, but substituted the black color for dark blue. As a kingdom, Haiti reverted back to the black and red bicolor flag, but changed the positions of the colors. From 1811 until 1814, the flag had a golden image of two lions holding a shield with a bird rising from flames. In 1814 this center image was changed to a blue disc with a crown on top. The colors of the current flag were first adopted in 1848, although its center image included two lions holding a shield with a bird, as well as the royal palm tree used today.


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The objective of this work was to determine the predictors of depressive symptoms among spouse caregivers of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. Little is known about the strain in giving care to PD patients and how the motor, cognitive, and behavioral complications of PD contribute to depression among spouse caregivers.
Forty-five consecutive PD patients and their spouse caregivers agreed to be evaluated after a routine clinic visit. Patient demographic data and the presence of hallucinations, delusions, incontinence, and sleep disturbances were obtained. The patients were assessed using the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS-motor section), Hoehn and Yahr (H&Y) staging, and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Depressive symptoms were assessed using the 17-item Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD-17) and the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) on patients and spouses.
Thirty men and 15 women had a mean age of 71.5 years (range 53–85), average PD duration of 10 years (range 1–26), a mean "on" H&Y stage of 2.8 and an MMSE mean score of 26 (range 13–30). There was good correlation between the HAMD-17 and the BDI-II scores in both patients (r = 0.69, P = 0.001) and spouses (r = 0.66, P < 0.001). A moderate correlation was noted between the spouse HAMD-17 score and the patient UPDRS-motor score (r = 0.34; P = 0.02), the age of PD onset (r = 0.33; P = 0.02) and patient HAMD-17 scores (r= 0.29; P = 0.05). A stronger correlation was noted between spouse HAMD-17 scores and the years of PD duration (r= 0.43; P = 0.003). There was a significant difference in the mean spouse HAMD-17 scores among PD patients with sleep disturbances versus those who did not (10.2 vs. 6.4; P = 0.04). However, on stepwise regression analysis, only the duration of PD remained significant (adjusted r = 0.17; P = 0.003). No difference was noted with hallucinations, delusions or incontinence. We concluded that the duration of PD appears to be the strongest predictor of depressive symptoms among spouse-caregivers in this small cohort. © 2001 Movement Disorder Society.


Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English homepage
2 verb
assault2 [transitive]
1 to attack someone in a violent way:
Two men assaulted him after he left the bar.
sexually/indecently assault
He was found guilty of indecently assaulting a student.
2 literary if a feeling, sound, smell etc assaults you, it affects you in a way that makes you uncomfortable or upset:
The noises and smells of the market assaulted her senses.
3 to strongly criticize someone's ideas, plans etc
4 to try to do something very difficult:
a task force to assault the problems
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Lexicographically largest possible by merging two strings by adding one character at a time
Lexicographically largest possible by merging two strings by adding one character at a time Given two strings S and T, the task is to merge these two strings by adding one character at a time from the beginning of either string to form a resultant string. The resultant string should be lexicographically the largest string that can be formed by merging the strings S and T. Examples:Input: S = "dbcbb", T = "cdbbb"Output : dcdbcbbbbbInput : S = "geeks", T = "forgeeks"Output : gforgeekseeksApproach: The simplest idea to solve the problem is to greedily select the first characters from the string which is lexicographically bigger than others. Therefore, Greedy algorithm and Recursion can be used to solve the problem. Follow the steps below to solve the problem: If either of the string lengths is 0, then return S + T as the answer.If S is lexicographically larger than T, then return S[0] + largestMerge(S.substr(1), T).Otherwise, take the first character of T and call the recursive function largestMerge(S, T.substr(1)).Below is the implementation of the above approach:C++ #include using namespace std; string largestMerge(string s1, string s2){ if (s1.size() == 0 || s2.size() == 0) return s1 + s2; if (s1 > s2) { return s1[0] + largestMerge(s1.substr(1), s2); } return s2[0] + largestMerge(s1, s2.substr(1));} int main(){ string s1 = "geeks"; string s2 = "forgeeks"; cout