text:
The impact of social class and status on citizenship information need: the results of two national surveys of the population of the United Kingdom.
MetadataShow full item record
MARCELLA, R. and BAXTER, G., 2000. The impact of social class and status on citizenship information need: the results of two national surveys of the population of the United Kingdom. Journal of Information Science, July 2000, 26(4), pp.239-254.
This paper reports the key results of the Citizenship Information research project funded by the British Library Research and Innovation Centre. This research comprised two large-scale surveys of the citizenship information needs of the UK public. The paper focuses upon the detailed analysis and examination of the results as they related to issues of social class and status. The research revealed that social class and status had an impact upon information need and information seeking behaviour, although the pattern emerging was not a simple one. Certain social classes and status groups were not exploiting public library information resources as effectively as they might; equally, certain groups were less willing (or able) to take advantage of new technologies to access information and participate in democratic activities. Those groups most willing to use a range of information sources were more conscious of disadvantage resulting from a lack of information. The paper concludes that there is a real danger of exclusion for certain groups of the UK population and that information policy must reflect an awareness of the most appropriate patterns of information dissemination in order to overcome barriers to access for each of these.


text:
.hapto Gmbh enables the exploration of a living space from a perspective that one would never experience without the VR application. Together with the Senckenberg Museum of Natural History in Görlitz, the journey into the unknown world of the forest floor was developed.
Adventure Soil Life
The VR application Adventure Soil Life by .hapto gives an insight into the fascinating habitat of the forest floor. Shrunk to the size of a woodlouse, this world and the microorganisms living in it can be explored at eye level.
Duration of the application: 5 – 7 minutes
You can start your journey at Ü109.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
Project: PWD and Recreation Division
This project was the final for JOUR-272 during the winter term of my junior year. It was exciting to learn more about the role these two parts of the government play in keeping the City of Galesburg clean.
Please view my stories and videos to gain a better understanding on what the Public Works Department and the Recreation Division do to get ready for the spring while fighting budget issues due to the economic downturn.
- Story One: Keeping The City Working Despite Shrinking Budgets
- Story Two: Understanding Differences Between Two Similar Departments
- Story Three: More Than 30 Years at the Parks Department
- Blog Post: Learning About an Under-Noticed Area of Government

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
The swirl diffuser of the VD series consists of a cylindrical swirl element with a room-sided closed surface and a round outlet diffuser. The connection to the ventilation system can be done directly or via connection box. The model's VD-2D swirl diffuser is especially well suited for the usage in rooms with high humidity. By using a special plenum box with an integrated opposing swirl-element of the VD series, additional ventilation of the intermediate ceiling area can be achieved.
FUNCTION AND EFFECT
The internal cylindrical swirl element in connection with the outflow diffuser creates an exceptionally stable and flat horizontal swirl flow. This flow occurs independently of the way it is mounted (flush to ceiling or freely suspended). As a result of the induction effect, air velocity and temperature differences between supply air and room air are reduced rapidly.


Monitor rendering: A couple of mea culpas
Mar 18, 2023
Back in 2020 I put together a little blog post discussing some of the recent optimisations I'd made to ComputerCraft's monitor renderer1. After that work, I was fairly sure of two simple facts:
Unfortunately for my ego (though fortunately for your FPS), both of these have turned out to be wrong! Last year2 CC: Restitched contributor toad-dev and I had another look at everything, and made a few more improvements.
Let's talk about depth blockers
While the previous post talked quite a bit about how we render monitors, there were a couple of things we glossed over. Let's remedy that now:
ComputerCraft (and thus CC: Tweaked) renders monitors in a series of layers:
 1. The background colours of each cell.
 2. The characters in each cell.
 3. The cursor (this blinks on and off, so we don't want to bake it into our buffer).
While its helpful to conceptualise these layers as sitting on top of each other, we still want them to be on the same plane in 3D space. However, doing this leaves us especially prone to an effect known as z-fighting, where objects phase through each other, as the graphics card can't decide which one is in front.
A screenshot of a ComputerCraft monitor reading 'Hello'. The two 'll's are phasing in and out of the background.
To avoid this, we do a sneaky trick and turn off writing to the depth buffer while rendering the monitor. This means that the different layers of the monitor won't fight with each other. However, after we've finished drawing the monitor, we must render one final quad which just writes to the depth buffer, to make sure the monitor doesn't end up accidentally transparent.
A screenshot of a ComputerCraft monitor with glass behind it. The glass is rendering "through" the monitor, as the depth blocker isn't being drawn correctly.
While this has served us well for a long time, it doesn't work with many optimisation and shader mods. Thankfully, it turns out there's a much easier way to resolve the problem of z-fighting, which is both shader-compatible and a tiny bit more efficient.
Remember that z-fighting is caused by trying to render multiple objects on the same plane. The obvious fix here is just "don't do that" and instead shift each layer to be a tiny bit in front of the previous one.
We'd actually tried this before, by shifting each layer a tiny amount in world space (the coordinate system relative to the world itself). One can imagine this as drawing the text floating a few millimetres in front of the monitor. Alas, this can end up looking very odd, especially when you view the monitor very closely or from the side!
The correct solution here is to offset each layer in camera space, effectively moving the characters a tiny amount towards the camera/player3. This has the same effect as offsetting in world-space, but without any of the odd artefacts.
This is a douple win: we've reduced the number of draw calls (no longer need the extra depth quad), and we've got better compatibility with other mods. Yay!
Speeding up the cursor
Let's turn our eyes to the cursor. As alluded to earlier, the cursor blinks on and off multiple times a second, so we don't want to bake it into the TBO or VBO, as we'd have to rebuild them every time the visibility changed! Instead, we draw the cursor separately to the monitor contents.
Unfortunately, doing this is not without its downsides, as we now need to do another buffer upload and draw call every frame. It's not much, but when you've a few hundred monitors, it can take a few milliseconds per frame, eating up valuable time.
Thankfully, it turns out we don't need to do this in a separate pass at all. There's some neat tricks we can apply instead:
For the TBO renderer, we can just do everything in the shader! We store the cursor position and visibility as part of the buffer, alongside the main monitor contents. The global cursor blink state is placed in a uniform, as it can be shared across all monitors. Inside the shader, we can then read all this information and composite the cursor on top of the rest of the monitor:
// Read the cursor texture.
vec4 cursorTex = recolour(texture(Sampler0, (texture_corner(95) + pos) / 256.0), CursorColour); // 95 = '_'
// If CursorPos == cell, composite the cursor texture on top of the character.
vec4 img = mix(charTex, cursorTex, cursorTex.a * float(CursorBlink) * (CursorPos == cell ? 1.0 : 0.0));
// Then mix in the background colour.
vec4 colour = vec4(mix(Palette[bg], img.rgb, img.a * mult), 1.0) * ColorModulator;
For the VBO renderer, we employ a very different approach. One thing to remember about VBOs is that while they store a list of vertices to draw, you don't have to draw everything in that buffer. This means we can add the cursor to the end of the main VBO, and simply chose not to render it on some frames.
After these changes, drawing a TBO only performs one draw call, and drawing a VBO performs two. Again, the changes here are tiny (a few microseconds per monitor), but it all adds up. Well, a tiny bit at least!
Building buffers the Unsafe way
So far we've been talking about the render calls we make on every frame, namely when the monitor has not changed. When the monitor has changed we need to regenerate a buffer and send it to the GPU. While this happens less often, the performance is still very important. Indeed, faster buffer uploading was one of the reasons we prefer TBOs over VBOs!
Well, it was. Alas, for reasons which are a mystery to me, when I did the initial work on TBOs, I never sat down and actually profiled the code. While I could see that the FPS was higher under TBOs compared with VBOs, I never dug into why.
If only I had: my assumption was that the slow portion of the code was sending the vertex data to the GPU, but no! Instead, it lies inside our function to add a quad to our buffer:
private void drawQuad(VertexConsumer consumer, Matrix4f matrix, ...) {
 consumer.vertex( poseMatrix, x1, y1, z ).color( r, g, b, a ).uv( u1, v1 ).uv2( light ).endVertex();
 consumer.vertex( poseMatrix, x1, y2, z ).color( r, g, b, a ).uv( u1, v2 ).uv2( light ).endVertex();
 consumer.vertex( poseMatrix, x2, y2, z ).color( r, g, b, a ).uv( u2, v2 ).uv2( light ).endVertex();
 consumer.vertex( poseMatrix, x2, y1, z ).color( r, g, b, a ).uv( u2, v1 ).uv2( light ).endVertex();
}
This snippet uses Minecraft's VertexConsumer class, a friendly API for emitting vertices to a buffer. This abstracts away all of the painful bits of generating a vertex, such as making sure each element is correctly formatted and aligned, and ensuring all elements are present.
However, as you can probably guess, all this extra bookkeeping comes at an additional cost - a cost which really starts to hurt once at larger scales. Updating 120 full-sized monitors in one go takes 300ms, causing the game to run at 3fps.
Ideally we'd just tear out this code and replace it with something faster. Unfortunately there's still some places, where we need to use a VertexConsumer. We want to avoid duplication as much as possible, so let's do the Proper Java Thing and introduce some polymorphism.
interface VertexEmitter {
 void vertex(Matrix4f matrix, ...);
}
record FastQuadVertex(ByteBuffer buffer) implements VertexEmitter {
 // A fast version which writes directly to a ByteBuffer
}
record MinecraftVertexEmitter(VertexConsumer cosumer) implements VertexEmitter {
 // A slow version which uses a VertexConsumer as before.
}
We define an interface which will handle emitting our vertex, and then provide two implementations. Our monitor code will use the fast version, and our UI code can use the Minecraft-compatible one. This helps us a lot, bringing the frame time down to 60ms (16fps


Are you Flying after Diving?
It is recommended that you do not fly immediately after diving.
When a diver breathes compressed air from a scuba tank, the surrounding pressure causes the nitrogen to enter the body which is then stored in the tissues. The longer and deeper the dive, the more nitrogen is absorbed.
Using a safe ascent rate (the speed at which you go up towards the surface) allows the nitrogen to leave the tissues safely after a dive.
When you leave the water, you will begin to off-gas (get rid of excess nitrogen by exhalation). The longer you stay on the surface (ie. not under water but at sea level / one atmosphere of pressure) the more you continue to off-gas until you are rid of any nitrogen.
Going to altitude or flying very soon after diving is the same as ascending too quickly from a dive because the pressure surrounding you decreases. Which means any residual nitrogen still dissolved in your bloodstream may come out of solution as bubbles if the pressure reduction is not slow enough for your body to off-gas safely. These bubbles are what causes Decompression Sickness.
Staying at ground level before flying is akin to doing an in-water decompression stop (waiting at a prescribed depth for a length of time to allow off-gassing). Deeper and longer dives mean there will be more residual nitrogen in your body, thus requiring a longer surface interval before flying.
How long should I wait before flying?
The time you should wait depends on the diving you have done.
The Divers Alert Network (a non-profit medical and research organisation dedicated to the safety and health of recreational scuba divers) recommends a surface interval of 24 hours or more before flying after diving.
This allows for any unexpected problems such as loss of cabin pressure during a flight.
Alternatively, you can follow the minimum guidelines established by DAN and the Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society for flying in commercial pressurised aircraft (Sheffield and Vann 2004):
- A single dive within the no-decompression limits: 12 hours
- Repetitive dives of multiple days of diving: 18 hours
- Decompression dives (planned or unplanned): substantially greater than 18 hours
It is important to remember:
- Planning conservatively is a good way to stay out of trouble.
- Recommended pre-flight surface intervals do not guarantee avoidance of DCS. Longer surface intervals will reduce DCS risk further.
- These guidelines apply to divers who have not experienced any DCS symptoms. If you have experienced DCS symptoms, you should be medically evaluated, if possible, before flying.
- If you are diving on holiday your insurance policy may include a restriction and your holiday dive centre or liveaboard may enforce it but ultimately it is your responsibility.
If you are diving with Red Duck Diving, you must inform us if you are flying in the 48 hours following your dive.


text:
We describe a new method of infrared microspectroscopy. It is intended for performing chemical mapping of various objects with subwavelength lateral resolution by using the infrared vibrational signature characterizing different molecular species. We use the photothermal expansion effect, detected by an atomic force microscope tip, probing the local transient deformation induced by an infrared pulsed laser tuned at a sample absorbing wavelength. We show that this new tool opens the way for measuring and identifying spectroscopic contrasts not accessible by far-field or near-field optical methods and with a subwavelength lateral resolution.
© 2005 Optical Society of America
A. Dazzi, R. Prazeres, F. Glotin, and J. M. Ortega, "Local infrared microspectroscopy with subwavelength spatial resolution with an atomic force microscope tip used as a photothermal sensor," Opt. Lett. 30, 2388-2390 (2005)


Documentation
dsp.ZeroCrossingDetector System object
Package: dsp
Zero crossing detector
Description
The ZeroCrossingDetector object counts the number of times the signal crosses zero, or changes sign. The zero crossing detector supports both floating-point and fixed-point data types.
To count the number of times a signal crosses zero or changes sign:
 1. Define and set up your zero crossing detector. See Construction.
 2. Call step to count the number of times according to the properties of dsp.ZeroCrossingDetector. The behavior of step is specific to each object in the toolbox.
Construction
H = dsp.ZeroCrossingDetector returns a zero crossing detector object, H, that counts the number of zero crossings in the real-valued,, floating-point, or fixed-point frame-based vector or matrix.
Methods
cloneCreate zero crossing detection object with same property values
getNumInputsNumber of expected inputs to step method
getNumOutputsNumber of outputs of step method
isLockedLocked status for input attributes and nontunable properties
releaseAllow property value and input characteristics changes
stepCount zero crossings in input
Examples
Find number of zero crossings in electrocardiogram data:
EcgData = ecg(500)';
Hzerocross = dsp.ZeroCrossingDetector;
NumZeroCross = step(Hzerocross,EcgData); % Equal to 4
plot(1:500,EcgData,'b',[0 500],[0 0],'r','linewidth',2);
Algorithms
This object implements the algorithm, inputs, and outputs described on the Zero Crossing block reference page. The object properties correspond to the block parameters.
Was this topic helpful?


text:
Recommended Contract Pratices for Underground Construction (Paperback)William W. Edgerton (editor)
- We can order this
Recommended Contract Practices for Underground Construction is the first industry-wide effort to improve contract procedures in more than 30 years. Commissioned by the Underground Construction Association of the Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration, this manual is an indispensable resource for contractors, consultants, suppliers, and owners anticipating underground projects. The authors suggest better practices during all stages of a project, when decisions are made that can affect the contract positively or negatively.
Part one focuses on the practices and disciplines that build the foundation for effective contracts during the early phases of a project. Part two discusses best practices for contract provisions, payment mechanisms, and dispute resolution.
By following these recommendations, you'll reduce the mistrust and costly disputes that often arise from the contract process. The result will be improved relationships, better contracts, and, most importantly, projects that are most cost-effective for owners and more profitable for contractors.
Publisher: Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration
Number of pages: 156
Dimensions: 229 x 152 mm


text:
THE BULL & THE FISH
2014 - 2015
The Bull & The Fish is named for the constellations taurus and pisces, which represent the masculine and feminine energy that has the potential to coexist in nature. There are six urns that mark six key stars for pisces and six bottles that mark six key stars for taurus. The fish emerges from the water meeting the bull under the night sky. The stoneware vessels range from eight to ten feet tall and average 500 pounds.


text:
Definition of comeuppance in English:
noun[in singular] informal
A punishment or fate that someone deserves: he got his comeuppance in the end
More example sentences
- By any reasonable moral reckoning he deserves all the comeuppance of his bad faith.
- I kept turning the pages, anticipating the comeuppance that he so richly deserved.
- Among the more baffling parts of this showdown is why Madam Secretary would have invited such a comeuppance in the first place.
Words that rhyme with comeuppancetuppence, twopence
What do you find interesting about this word or phrase?
Comments that don't adhere to our Community Guidelines may be moderated or removed.


text:
If you are using a safari theme in your classroom, these name plates are just the way to identify your "safari hunters" to visitors in your classroom. The name plates provide "helpers". The design for primary students include the alphabet (vowels stand out in red), number line, and basic shapes. The design for intermediate students includes the cursive alphabet, and multiplication chart. Laminate for durability to last the entire year.
Be sure to check out these other Safari Theme Resources:
Safari Theme Brag Tags
Safari Theme Classroom Jobs
Safari Theme Newsletter
Safari Theme Behavior Punch Cards
Safari Theme Clip Chart and Rewared Catalog


text:
Surprisingly, the maximum intensity one can obtain from a light source does not depend on the distance to the light source nor on the distance between the light source and the imaging equipment. Instead, it depends on the distance between the imaging equipment and the object being heated (assuming that the imaging system is designed to be the best possible for these distances). What you want to do is "refract as close as possible" to the object being heated.
By thermodynamics, it's not possible for the light emitted by an object to heat up another that is already hotter than the first. For example, this means that we can't use an imaging system (or a non imaging power concentrating system such as a collection of mirrors) to use sunlight to heat a spot on the earth to a temperature higher than that of the sun.
So when you use an imaging system to magnify the effect of the sun, you do not get an image that is hotter than the sun. The best you can do is to make the image of the sun appear larger. And indeed, this is what a magnifying glass does. If you look through one (from the distance appropriate to frying an ant), you will see that objects in the direction of the image appear larger than they actually are. So when you apply a magnifying glass to an ant, what the ant sees is that the sun has increased in size.
The best you can do is to make the sun appear over all the sky, plus, with a mirror, to appear in the direction of the ground as well. Alternatively, you can arrange for the bottom side of the ant to be an insulator. (Uh, even concrete is a pretty good insulator if you try this at home.) This will heat the ant up until it approaches the temperature of the sun (with optimum optics and insulation). At that time the ant will radiate as much heat back to the sun as the sun radiates to the ant. And so the heat flows will balance and the ant will cease heating up. (All this assumes black body type radiation which is generally an okay approximation for this sort of thing.)


text:
|© UNICEF video|
|Single mothers Maia (right) and Irina (left) take a moment to rest with their babies. Both mothers now live at the UNICEF-supported Mother and Infant Shelter in Tbilisi, Georgia.|
By Maya Kurtsikidze
On 18 October, UNICEF's Innocenti Research Centre will launch 'Social Monitor 2006: Understanding Child Poverty in South-Eastern Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States', a report urging governments to tackle child poverty in order to achieve the Millennium Development Goals. Here is the first in a series of related stories.
TBILISI, Georgia, 13 October 2006 – Niko, 4, is proud of his twin brothers, David and Georgi – siblings he almost never had the chance to know. His mother, Maia, was thinking of abandoning her boys because she could not care for them. Fortunately, Maia found the support she needed at the Mother and Infant Shelter in Tbilisi.
The shelter, which is funded by UNICEF in partnership with the non-governmental organization World Vision, was opened at the Tbilisi Infants Home in April 2003. Since then, social workers have identified 208 mothers at risk of losing their children.
"It provides an alternative to child abandonment," says UNICEF Representative in Georgia Giovanna Barberis. "Mothers are staying with their babies. We help them to find some way of living together."
|© UNICEF video|
|Children who have been abandoned largely due to poverty find a safe haven at Tbilisi's Mother and Infant Shelter.|
Partnership for families
For many of the over 5,400 children living in Georgia's residential institutions, being orphaned may have been preventable. Most of them still have living parents. But with approximately 50 per cent of families in this post-Soviet country living below the poverty line, it is understandable that parents often see institutionalization as the only solution.
In 2002, UNICEF Georgia began partnering with the Ministries of Health and Education, as well as with World Vision and the UK-based organization Every Child, to provide much-needed support to single mothers.
As part of this collaboration, the Mother and Infant Shelter helps women cope with the pressures that could lead them to abandon their infants. In South-Eastern Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States, an estimated 18 million children under the age of 15 live in extreme poverty. Many mothers cannot afford to feed, clothe or educate their children.
In addition to financial hardships, Georgia is a country of strict traditions where families may not accept children born out of wedlock. These factors may help explain the high rates of child abandonment.
|© UNICEF video|
|With support from the shelter, Irina and other mothers can learn vocational skills such as tailoring.|
At the shelter, women are provided with the tools they need to become self-sufficient. They receive employment assistance and take professional training courses in areas such as office management, computer repair and cosmetology. So far, 35 women have become empowered enough to start their own small businesses, ranging from dairy product production to auto repair.
Irina is a single mother who came to the shelter directly from the maternity hospital. As part of the programme, she was offered the opportunity to study as a seamstress at a local design studio.
"I am more confident in myself now, " Irina says. "I want to learn more. Probably, one day, I will be able to open my own shop."
The Mother and Infant Shelter offers women the chance to gain strength from each other while they receive valuable counselling and job training. When they are finally able to support themselves, they will move into their own homes – and their children will be with them.
Social Monitor 2006
18 million children in poverty [with video]
Economic hardship affects children in Moldova [with video]
Keeping families together in Georgia [with video]
BBC News: Plea for action on child poverty
(external link, opens in a new window)

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
This project consisted of an intensive pedestrian survey and recording of 300 utility poles located across three counties: San Diego, Riverside and Orange. The purpose of this survey was to provide constraints information to assist SDG&E in its compliance with California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) requirements.
PanGIS staff provided the GIS spatial analysis used to assess utility poles recommended for cultural resource evaluations. Previous surveys, slope, and distance to known resources were assessed using a predictive model. A total of 18,000 poles were evaluated for survey using spatial analysis. PanGIS created field mapbooks and GPS background files, and managed a fleet of tablet computers to aid field archaeologists with cultural resource surveys. Newly discovered archaeological sites and previously discovered sites were recorded, and recommendations were made regarding future work at the pole locations to ensure the preservation of cultural resources and compliance with CEQA and NEPA requirements. Using ESRI GIS, site and location maps were produced for the report and site forms.


text:
Here's a little trick to help make sure wood doesn't split or crack when you're nailing it. This trick doesn't need special nails or equipment, and seems to work well with big nails or small nails.
Ready? Here we go.
- Step 1: Take a nail, turn it upside down
- Step 2: Tap the nail's pointy end with your hammer
That's it… Exciting, hey? You might, however, be pretty surprised at the difference that little trick makes.
Why does it work so well? With the slightly flattened end, the nail tears through the wood's fibers rather then forcing them apart.
You can flatten each nail as you use them or, if you have kids, give them a whole box and a little hammer — hours of endless fun. Really.


Advertisement
Hydrotechnical Construction
, Volume 12, Issue 4, pp 363–368 | Cite as
Practical method for calculating creep of foundations of hydraulic structures
 - I. K. Samarin
Papers
 - 18 Downloads
Conclusions
 1. 1.
 Equations (5)–(8) can be recommended for calculating creep settlements and displacements of clays with consistency B<0.5. In this case it is necessary to take into account the increase in the viscosity coefficient with increase of depth and with time. At the observed stations creep diminishes quite rapidly, which is indicated by the small values of the coefficients K(S) (Table 2).

 2. 2.
 The thicknesses of the compressible (H) and displaceable (Hdi) layers for calculating creep can be taken (for a consistency of clays equal to 0–0.5): H=B; Hdi=0.4Bs (Bs is the width of the structure).

 3. 3.
 A comparison of the calculations for the Volga-Lenin and Kaunas stations shows that tangential stresses in the foundation greater than the creep threshold can be allowed. This will permit a more economical design of retaining structures.

 4. 4.
 The described method permits predicting also the deformation of the slopes of a pumped-storage plant.

Keywords
Viscosity Clay Energy Source Power Generation Power Engineer
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Literature cited
 1. 1.
 Yu. K. Zaretskii, Theory of Consolidation of Soils [in Russian], Nauka, Moscow (1967).Google Scholar
 2. 2.
 Z. G. Ter-Martirosyan, "Secondary compression of clays," Tr. MISI im. V. V. Kuibyshev, No. 140 (1977).Google Scholar
 3. 3.
 I. K. Samarin, V. V. Ermakov, and A. I. Lyubimov, "Calculation of foundations for hydraulic structures," Tr. Gidroproekt, No. 32 (1973).Google Scholar
 4. 4.
 V. S. Vyalov, "Kinetic theory of soil deformation," in: Trans. of the Symposium on Soil Rheology [in Russian], Erevan (1976).Google Scholar
 5. 5.
 N. N. Maslov and K. T. Kodzhamanov, "Some problems of predicting the settlement of structures constructed on unsaturated soils," Osn. Fundam. Mekh. Gruntov, No. 4 (1970).Google Scholar
 6. 6.
 N. N. Maslov, Long-Time Stability and Displacements of Retaining Structures [in Russian], Énergiya, Moscow (1968).Google Scholar
 7. 7.
 A. A. Ilyushin, Plasticity [in Russian], Gostekhizdat, Moscow (1948).Google Scholar
 8. 8.
 N. I. Bezukhov, Fundamentals of the Theory of Elasticity, Plasticity, and Creep [in Russian], Vysshaya Shkola, Moscow (1968).Google Scholar
 9. 9.
 I. K. Samarin, Calculations of the Foundations for Hydraulic Structures [in Russian], Stroiizdat, Moscow (1971).Google Scholar
 10. 10.
 V. I. Vutsel', I. K. Samarin, and S. V. Sinyavskii, "Calculation of the stability and deformation of the slopes of dams of pumped-storage plants," Tr. Gidroproekt, No. 32 (1973).Google Scholar
 11. 11.
 G. M. Lomize, I. N. Ivashchenko, E. A. Ishakhanov, et al., "Deformability, strength, and creep of clayey-soil walls of high dams," Gidrotekh. Stroit., No. 11 (1970).Google Scholar
Copyright information
© Plenum Publishing Corporation 1978
Authors and Affiliations
 - I. K. Samarin
There are no affiliations available
Personalised recommendations


text: Provided Heat Resistance testerÂ is an electric devices that can operated from 50 to 300 °C. Offered oven uses dry heat to sterilize with the help of conduction. It produces heat that is absorbed by outside surface of the items and then passes towards the center of item layer by layer and eventually item get temperature required for sterilization to take place. This oven finds its usefulness for testing purpose in laboratories. Offered oven is made up with the aid of advanced techniques.


Cookies on this website
Training, outreach and public engagement are important aspects of the SCNi. To achieve this we aim to:
 1. establish and develop a recruitment database and web-based resources. These can serve as portals for recruitment (and on-line testing) of subjects interested in participating in the research programs, but also for education and information about circadian neuroscience and sleep;
 2. develop and disseminate psychoeducational interventions in these areas, for selfor clinician-facilitated delivery to vulnerable groups and patients;
 3. enhance public engagement and knowledge about sleep and circadian disturbances, their health implications, their treatment and prevention;
 4. provide a centre and focus for clinical training and translation of advances in sleep and circadian neuroscience, with particular regard to psychiatric disorders.
Keep an eye on our news and events section to see what's on and what events are coming up near you!
Public Lectures


text:
In this guide, I'm going to show you how to setup Node Red in Docker.
For purposes of this tutorial, I'm just going to show you how to configure Node-Red in a simple Docker container in 2021, but you'll have to do your own research as to how to fully use it. A great resource to learn the basics of Node-Red is a Youtube channel called The Hook Up.
What is Node Red?
Node Red is a web-based flow editor. It allows you to create functionality between different "nodes" via your web browser. These are called flows. If you are into smart home tech or home automation, you might create a flow to notify your family if smoke or carbon monoxide was detected.
Node Red is extremely powerful; I've only just begun to scratch the surface of it's true potential. Many people use Node Red as a replacement to the entire Automations section in Home Assistant. Others, like myself, may use it to display an RSS feed in their Homer dashboard.
This guide assumes you already have Docker installed. For reference, I have Docker installed on a Ubuntu 20.04 VM.
If you don't have Docker installed yet, follow my Docker Setup Guide.
Step 1: Create Node Red Container
First, you'll need to SSH into your Docker server and create a new container.
Most of my containers are stored in the directory
/srv/config, so the path I'm using in my command is /srv/config/noderedChange the green text to your own path.
sudo docker run -it -p 1880:1880 -v /srv/config/nodered:/data --name mynodered nodered/node-red
If you happen to see an error, you might need to take ownership of the directory first. You can do that by running this command:
sudo chmod -R 777 /srv/config/nodered
If you did receive an error, then you won't be able to simply start the container after taking ownership. You'll have to create a new directory. So, run this command (the only thing that changed is the container name in green).
sudo docker run -it -p 1880:1880 -v /srv/config/nodered:/data --name nodered nodered/node-red
Step 2: Open Node Red Web Interface
The next step is launch Node Red. You can do this by typing your Docker IP and port (i.e. – 192.168.68.141:1880)
If all goes well, Node Red should open in your browser like this:
How To Import a Node Red Flow
Luckily, you don't necessarily have to create all of your own Flows. A lot of users have created Flows and added them to the official Flows library. Feel free to browse through the available ones to see if you find one you could use. Flows can be thought of as templates, where the only thing you might need to change out is endpoint IP addresses URL's.
To import a Flow, copy the RAW json to your clipboard.
Then, in the top right-corner of Node Red, click the 3 lines and click Import.
Paste in the copied text, and then click Import. Your imported flow should now appear:
Hopefully this very basic guide helps you deploy Node red quickly and easily. It's an entirely different and complex beast, but from what I've read, once you understand how it works and how you can utilize it in your homelab, it's extremely powerful.


text:
- Sample NFT Channels product
- Sample includes – 1/2 ft 100 x 60 mm NFT Channels
- Lead free UPVC pipe
- UV resistant pipes for superior durability
- Double layer design to maintain water temperature and reduce evaporation
- Functional design enables the pipe to be opened easily for regular cleaning
- Serrated surface to boost the surface area for optimum root growth
- Rigid pipes helps prevent sagging and key for uniform water flow.
- WE will contact you for customisation of hole in channels
A properly designed NFT system is based on using the right channel slope, the right flow rate, and the right channel length. The plant roots are exposed to adequate supplies of water, oxygen and nutrients.
The same design characteristics apply to all conventional NFT systems. While slopes along channels of 1:100 have been recommended, in practice it is difficult to build a base for channels that is sufficiently true to enable nutrient films to flow without ponding in locally depressed areas. The slope may be provided by the floor, or benches or racks may hold the channels and provide the required slope.


text:
21 Jul The CodeBenders
Codebending is the fifth elemental art of bending, specifically, the psychokinetic ability to control and manipulate behavior of machines. The peaceful Zege Clan utilize this type of bending in their everyday lives.
Code is the element of innovation and invention. The Zege clan detached themselves from worldly problems and concerns; finding peace and freedom was the key to solve their flaws in life. Codebenders continually seek for technological enlightenment, and, as a result, all children born into the Zege Clan were innovators. The first codebenders learned their art from the Matrix.
The key to codebending is flexibility and finding and following the path of least resistance though unconventional thought. Codebending is notable for being almost entirely innovative, as well as the most dynamic of all bending arts. Codebenders can overwhelm many opponents at once with large and powerful attacks that could prove fatal; however, due to the pacifist nature of the Zege Clan, such attacks are rarely used. Codebenders seek to create a better balance of life through technology
If you think you are THE ONE, we summon you for your destiny. If you think you know THE ONE, their destiny awaits them!


NFL Coaches, Play Calling and Fantasy Football
May 10, 2016
NFL Coaches, Play Calling and Fantasy Football
A valid argument can be made that it's a player's game, and coaches don't affect stats. Sure, some teams will improve statistically under a new hire, but that's because coaching turnover happens more on bad teams, and bad teams tend to naturally regress to the mean the next season regardless. To date, attempts to quantify the impact of coaching have been based on questionable science that has thus far missed the mark.
Most coaching analysis, however, focuses on a given team's performance, not tendencies. But those tendencies, specifically in regards to play calling and player usage, are just as critical in fantasy.
Why Coaching is Important in Fantasy
The real key to being good at fantasy football is being able to forecast player volume, not player efficiency.
Your running backs need touches. Who controls how many touches they get?
Your wide receivers and tight ends need targets. Sure, the quarterback ultimately makes the final decision of who to throw to, but who dictates his progressions, and which receivers are on the field and which routes they run?
And your players all need touchdowns. Who decides what plays their teams will run in the red zone?
The offensive playcaller1.
What Exactly Do We Need to Know About Coaches?
We don't need to isolate the effects of coaching on team performance.
We just need to know the effects of coaching on team tendencies.
You can be reasonably certain that the coach has a substantial level of control over his team's on-field tendencies—even if those tendencies tend to vary over time.
So we'll tackle the coaching issue from a different angle: by examining how a coaching change (or lack thereof) affects the predictiveness of team tendencies from one year to the next.
It boils down to two distinct questions:
 1. How predictive are a team's tendencies when it retains its playcaller compared to when it changes its playcaller?
 2. Do a playcaller's tendencies carry over from one team to the next?
The Key Coaching Tendencies for a Fantasy Owner to Know
Based on the previously discussed importance of volume, here are the tendencies we'll examine:
 - Passing Play Percentage. The percentage of time an offense passes instead of runs. This is critical because it determines how much volume is available in the passing game versus the running game.
 - Red Zone Pass Percentage. The percentage of time an offense passes instead of runs in the red zone. This is important because we know the majority of passing and rushing touchdowns come in the red zone.
 - Deep Attempt Percentage. The amount of deep passes divided into total passing attempts. This is meaningful because a deep target (15-plus yards downfield) is worth 1.9 times as many points as a short target in standard scoring, and 1.3 times as many in PPR scoring. Over/under 15 yards is only so telling, and we would've liked to have a more precise measure of an offense's verticality (such as average target depth), but that data isn't readily available.
 - Pace. For our purposes, this will be defined as Football Outsiders' Seconds per Play (Situation-Neutral). The more plays a team runs, the more potential opportunities for its players to rack up fantasy production.
 - Running Back Target Percentage. The amount of running back targets divided into total team targets. You already know that running backs need those touches, but some coaches are more liberal than others when it comes to a back blocking versus receiving.
 - Running Back 20-Touch Percentage. A signature metric I've created, this is the percentage of games in which a team had a running back who received at least 20 touches. While 20 is admittedly an arbitrary cut-off, it's a decent proxy for whether or not there's a committee approach.
All tendencies have been adjusted to reflect the league average.
Keep in mind that none of these are immune to personnel, game situation, strength of schedule, etc., and that's perfectly fine—every stat we deal with in fantasy football will contain noise. We just want to get a sense of what to make of a team's tendencies given the presence or absence of a coaching change.
What Happens When a Team Changes its Playcaller?
Here is a comparison of the year-to-year correlation in tendencies for teams who retained2 their playcaller versus those who changed playcaller, along with the absolute difference3 between the two sets of correlations. All results were significant at the 95% confidence interval.
As you might have guessed, you can expect a team to have tendencies similar to the prior year if it brings back the same playcaller. This actually encompasses the majority of teams—it's seldom that more than a third or so of the league changes playcallers in a given year. Already, we have a starting point for projecting tendencies of the majority of NFL teams.
When a given team changes its playcaller, however, that team becomes a lot harder to predict. None of the year-to-year relationships are as strong, and only pace and running back target percentage have anything more than a weak correlation. The previous year's passing tendencies mean next to nothing.
So now we know that a team's tendencies are somewhat predictable from year to long as that team hasn't changed its playcaller.
But if we can't use last year's stats as reliable predictors when a team hires someone new to call plays, where do we pivot?
The logical answer is to go ahead and look at the new hire's tendencies from his previous team (assuming he's had prior play-calling experience). But is that logic backed up by the data? Let's find out.
Do a Playcaller's Tendencies Carry Over When He Changes Teams?
Below are the correlations between a new hire's tendencies in the first year with his new team and his tendencies in the last year with his old team.
You should note that this time, we aren't strictly using consecutive year comparisons -- many times, more than one year will have elapsed between coaching jobs.
Also note that this sample4 will naturally be smaller than the one from the previous section, because that one consisted of all teams with new hires, rather than just those with new hires who have previous experience calling plays at the NFL level.
For those who may be unfamiliar with statistics, "not significant" means that we can't rule out that a result is due to chance alone, while the p-value indicates the percent probability that the result is due to chance alone.
How often a new playcaller chose to pass in the red zone with his previous team was the only tendency with any predictive value. In fact, you're better off just looking the team's tendencies from the previous season if you're trying to predict a team with a new playcaller's pace (r =.58) or how often it will target running backs (r =.36).
Why is the red zone the exception? It's hard to tell exactly, but it's definitely possible that certain personnel limitations -- a quarterback with a weak arm, a receiver lacking deep speed, etc. -- are not as prohibitive from a play-calling standpoint in the red zone, allowing a playcaller to stay truer to what he wants to do.
The Truth About Coaching Tendencies
To recap:
 1. A team's play calling and player usage tendencies from the previous season were useful predictors for the current season as long as that team had the same playcaller—for a team that changed their playcaller, tendencies from the previous season weren't as reliable.
 2. Coaching tendencies were not highly correlated from one team to the next (except for red zone pass/run ratio).
Based on the data, it's likely that what we think of as coaching tendencies might actually just be the coach responding to changes in personnel.
If playcallers truly had unbending tendencies, there would be more of a relationship between what a new hire does with his new team and what he did with his previous team. Instead, playcallers were only predictable from one year to the next when they stayed with the same team—in other words, when they coached a majority of the same personnel in both years (a safe assumption, given that the average roster turnover in the NFL is roughly 30 percent and tops out around 45 percent).
When you take personnel into account, it's much easier to make an educated assessment of when a coach's tendencies will actually carry over. For instance, you wouldn't be surprised to know that Greg Roman's passing tendencies with Buffalo mimicked those from his days in San Francisco—both teams had a young, mobile quarterback and a good defense. Roman's rushing tendencies deviated, however—LeSean McCoy has different strengths than Frank Gore.
Personnel also remains largely the same in the case of an in-house hire5, so tendencies are likely to be more strongly correlated in that scenario than in one which the new hire comes from outside the organization.
While we examined six tendencies that are no doubt crucial, there are, of course, many more specific coaching idiosyncrasies we didn't measure, but which could potentially have a fantasy impact. For example, we didn't break wide receiver target percentage down by WR1, WR2, etc. (because that's largly dependent on personnel), but there are cases like Kyle Shanahan, who's targeted his WR2 less than average regardless of how good his WR1 is.
So to be clear, I'm not suggesting that a playcaller's tendencies will never carry over when he changes teams, just that what a playcaller has done in the past and what he will do in the future should be viewed in the context of the personnel at his disposal.
We're Just Getting Started
I'll be applying this analysis to every NFL playcaller to create a comprehensive guide of key


text:
Journal of Archaeological Science doi:10.1016/j.jas.2009.11.016
Radiocarbon evidence indicates that migrants introduced farming to Britain
Archaeologists disagree about how farming began in Britain. Some argue it was a result of indigenous groups adopting domesticates and cultigens via trade and exchange. Others contend it was the consequence of a migration of farmers from mainland Europe. To shed light on this debate, we used radiocarbon dates to estimate changes in population density between 8000 and 4000 cal BP. We found evidence for a marked and rapid increase in population density coincident with the appearance of cultigens around 6000 cal BP. We also found evidence that this increase occurred first in southern England and shortly afterwards in central Scotland. These findings are best explained by groups of farmers from the Continent independently colonizing England and Scotland, and therefore strongly support the migrant farmers hypothesis.


text:
How to mass convert photos taken in RAW, CR2, and NEF format to a jpg format in Adobe Photoshop and Bridge? Unlike most image viewer which requires a simple right click to do the conversion, converting from RAW to Jpeg is slightly different, not difficult but different. Here's a simple step by step tutorial:
- Step 1 – Launch Adobe Bridge, go to 'Tools'
- Step 2 – Select 'Photoshop' and then 'Image Processor…'
- Step 3 – Photoshop will automatically launched, and a dialog box will appear, choose the settings and click 'Run'
- Step 1 – In Adobe Photoshop, go to 'File'
- Step 2 – Select 'Script'
- Step 3 – Choose 'Image Processor'
This is the easiest and fastest method we have found, using other image viewer software such as ACDsee or IrfanViewer might or might not work. Photoshop is the best bet if you already own the software.
This simple tutorial works on any latest format, even those from Nikon and Canon. If it doesn't, perhaps it is time to update your Photoshop.


text:
The Innosilicon A4+ LTCMaster is a ASIC Scrypt algorithm miner from Innosilicon with a maximum hashrate of 620Mh/s and power consumption of 750W. It has a hashing efficiency of 0.82667 MH/J.
|Mineable Coins Scrypt|
|Colin Percival invented the Scrypt algorithm as the online service's cryptoprotection to keep UNIX-like OS backup copies. The scrypt algorithm's working principle is that it artificially complicates the selection of options for solving a cryptographic task by filling it with "noise." This noise is generated randomly by numbers the scrypt algorithm refers to, increasing the time of work.


text:
SILVER SPRING, Md. – Twice a year, the Association of Zoos and Aquariums' (AZA) independent Accreditation Commission holds post-inspection hearings on accreditation applications from the best aquariums, nature centers, science centers, and zoos in the world. Most recently, the Commission conducted 27 accreditation and two certification hearings during the AZA Mid-Year Meeting in Phoenix, Arizona. As a result of these rigorous assessments, AZA proudly announces the accreditation of the following, including three new facilities:
AZA also granted certification to two certified-related facilities: the Freeport-McMoRan Audubon Species Survival Center in Louisiana and Natural Encounters, Inc.in Florida. The certification process is equivalent to the accreditation process but recognizes excellence in non- commercial wildlife-holding facilities that are not open to the public on a regular basis.
"Fewer than ten percent of zoos and aquariums licensed federally by USDA have also achieved AZA accreditation," said AZA Accreditation Commission Chair Jeff Wyatt. "The about 200 million guests that visit AZA-accredited facilities each year can be certain they are supporting facilities dedicated to superior animal care, meaningful guest education, and impactful wildlife conservation."
AZA requires facilities to complete this rigorous accreditation process every five years to be members of the Association. The accreditation process includes a detailed application and a meticulous on-site multi-day inspection by an independent team of trained zoological professionals. The inspecting team observes all aspects of the facility's operation, including animal welfare and well-being; veterinary care; keeper training; safety for visitors, staff, and animals; educational programs; conservation efforts; financial stability; risk management; guest services. Detailed reports from the inspection team and the facility alike are then thoroughly evaluated by the Accreditation Commission. Finally, top officials are interviewed in person by the Commission at a formal hearing, after which accreditation is granted, tabled, or denied.
"AZA's independent commission accredits only the world's highest-achieving aquariums and zoos that have met or surpassed our rigorous, ever-improving standards," said Dan Ashe, President and CEO of AZA. "AZA-accredited facilities embody AZA's mission of protecting wildlife and wild places by providing expert care to hundreds of thousands of animals, educating millions of guests, and contributing over $200 million to field conservation efforts each year. I am proud to welcome these facilities and their staffs to our community of animal heroes."
Over the past ten years, the Commission has accredited 254 facilities, with many being successfully accredited twice during that time span.
There are currently 236 AZA-accredited zoos and aquariums and 15 AZA-certified related facility members throughout the U.S. and in 10 other countries.
The Commission will next hold hearings to review accreditation applications in Fall 2019 in New Orleans, Louisiana. For a full list of facilities applying for AZA accreditation, please visit _URL_ For a complete list of currently accredited AZA-facilities, please visit _URL_
Founded in 1924, the Association of Zoos and Aquariums is a nonprofit organization dedicated to the advancement of zoos and aquariums in the areas of conservation, animal welfare, education, science, and recreation. AZA is the accrediting body for the top zoos and aquariums in the United States and 10 other countries. Look for the AZA accreditation logo whenever you visit a zoo or aquarium as your assurance that you are supporting a facility dedicated to providing excellent care for animals, a great experience for you, and a better future for all living things. The AZA is a leader in saving species and your link to helping animals all over the world. To learn more, visit _URL_.
Tweets from _URL_


text:
This post is the second in a series of eight profiling automobiles in the museum's collection. At the conclusion of the series on Tuesday, December 21, the public will be invited to vote for one favorite among the eight cars. The two automobiles with the most votes in the "Race to the Museum" contest will be displayed in the museum from January 22 to February 21, 2011.
Stephen Balzer traveled in the best circles, both socially and mechanically. Trained as a watch maker at Tiffany & Co., he became a machinist and inventor. He won a gold medal for a register that counted revolutions of mechanisms with a shaft and numbered, toothed wheels. In 1894, Balzer built a vehicle with a gasoline engine that rotated around a crankshaft. He drove the whirring quadricycle into the history books as the first American-made gasoline automobile in New York City.
In 1898, Smithsonian Secretary Samuel Langley hired Balzer to build a gasoline engine for the Aerodrome A, an experimental powered airplane. The following year, Balzer donated his experimental vehicle to the Smithsonian, where it earned another distinction as the first motor vehicle in the collection. Balzer's rotary airplane engine wasn't star-crossed, however; it was underpowered and had to be modified by Langley's assistant, Charles Manly. Despite the improvements, the Aerodrome A flew like a brick, and honors for the first powered flight went to the Wright brothers. Balzer built at least one other experimental automobile and briefly tried to manufacture cars. His 1894 vehicle remains a testimony to his skill—and proof that you can go places simply by going around in circles.
Roger White is Associate Curator in the Division of Work and Industry at the National Museum of American History.


text:
Catholic Parishes in Prince Edward Island
by Father Alfred E. Burke, ca. 1885
During the mid-1880's, Father Alfred E. Burke wrote histories for most of the Catholic parishes of that time on Prince Edward Island. The reasons for doing so are mentioned in the Introduction, below. These histories, copied and typed by Professor J-Henri Blanchard, most likely during the 1950's, have survived and are available on microfilm (Microfilm number F-1045) at the Centre d'études acadiennes in Moncton. The originals are held by the Diocesan Archives in Charlottetown. Copies may also be viewed at the PEI Public Archives and Records Office.
These histories, as originally intended [see the Introduction], were never published. There is no mention of either the Magdalen Island parishes or the biographies of the priests in the transcript I have seen. Likewise, it is doubtful that the histories were ever formally published.
Although his sources are not listed, the material was probably derived from popular accounts and the memories of elder parishioners, with some data from church records interspersed among it. Even though it is, to some extent, second or third-hand information it is useful nonetheless. At the time Father Burke set these histories to paper, most of the people residing within these parishes were only a generation or two removed from the original founders. In some cases the oldest members of a parish may have been the founders themselves, or their children, and thus were witnesses to what Father Burke recorded.
I am presenting Father Burke's history as it appears in Prof. Blanchard's typed transcriptions with one exception - the formatting of paragraphs. These I have broken down into smaller, more logical, units to make reading easier. However, I have not touched the original sentence structure, punctuation, spelling or grammar.
The individual parish histories, as well as the introduction written by Father Burke, can be viewed using the links below in the table of contents. This is a copy of the same table of contents that appears in Prof. Blanchard's transcription.
Unfortunately, I did not have time to copy all of Prof. Blanchard's transcripts. Therefore, a handful of the histories are not included below. These can be identified by the lack of hyperlink to the actual parish history (but are not marked as "lost" or "missing.")
Readers should note that the files marked as "lost" or "missing" were just that when Prof. Blanchard created his transcript. Years afterwards - and after I completed my own transcriptions - copies of Father's Burke's original handwritten notes were located at the Centre d'études acadiennes in Moncton, NB. The missing parishes were included amongst the originals.
The complete history is now available online and for download in PDF format at _URL_
I want to thank Claudia Boorman for having brought the online file to my attention.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction - 1 page
Alberton (Mission of the Sacred Heart) - 3 pages
Baldwin's Road (Mission of St. Theresa) - 7 pages
Bear River (Mission of St. Margaret) - 8 pages
Bloomfield - Lost
Brae (Mission of St. Mary) - 2 pages
Cardigan Bridge (Mission of All Saints) - 4 pages
Corran Bann (Mission of St. Michael) - 2 pages
Cove Head (Mission of St. Eugene's) - 1 page
Charlottetown (The Cathedral Parish of St. Dunstan's) - 37 pages
De Sable (Mission of St. Joseph's) - 6 pages
East Point (Mission of St. Columba) - 9 pages
Egmont Bay - Missing
Fort Augustus (Mission of St. Patrick) - 5 pages
Freetown (Mission of the Holy Magi) - 2 pages
Georgetown (Mission of St. James) - 6 pages
Hope River (Mission of St. Anne) - 4 pages
Indian River (Mission of St. Mary) - 5 pages
Kincora (Mission of St. Malachy) - 8 pages
Little Pond (Mission of St. Francis) - 2 pages
Miscouche - Missing
Montague Bridge (Mission of St. Mary) - 3 pages
Montague West (Mission of St. Michael) - 5 pages
Mont-Carmel - Lost
Morell (Mission of St. Lawrence) - 5 pages
Palmer Road (Mission of St. Thomas) - 3 pages
Rollo Bay (Mission of St. Alexis) - 8 pages
Rustico - Lost
St. Andrew's (Mission of St. Andrew's) - 9 pages
St. George - Missing
St. Peter's Bay (St. Peter's Mission) - 6 pages
Seven Mile Bay (Mission of St. Peter) - 3 pages
Souris (Mission of St. Mary) - 5 pages
Sturgeon (Mission of St. Paul) - 4 pages
Tignish - Missing
Township Seven (Mission of St. Mark) - 3 pages
Township Eleven (Mission of St. Bridget) - 3 pages
Tracadie (Mission of St. Bonaventure) - 5 pages
Vernon River (Mission of St. Joachim) - 6 pages
NOTE: The number of pages referred to in the Table of Contents is in regard to the length of the typed copies by Prof. Blanchard, and is his notation, not mine. His transcripts were type-written, double spaced, on regular 8.5 x 11 inch sheets.


text:
- To promote MRI education and knowledge by encouraging and facilitating Continued Professional Development for MRI radiographers and other professionals and students associated with MRI.
- To support, encourage and facilitate the exchange of MRI information between professional bodies and individuals by encouraging and developing MRI educational courses and conferences, support best practice guidelines and advise on MRI issues.
- Three meetings per year of the Policy Board.
- Production of a bi-annual MRI Newsletter.
- Facilitate a website for members to access up to date MRI information.
- Annual Conference and AGM at venues across the UK and Ireland.
- Provide high quality MRI Courses for healthcare professionals interested in the field of MRI safety, physics, artifacts, scanning techniques and pathologies.
- Provide members with access to experts and information forums, thereby encouraging sharing of ideas and knowledge within the membership.
- Encourage members to develop their skills and confidence to present their specialist knowledge to their peers through conferences, presentations and publications.
The Constitution Document is available to members for further information.


What are benchmark numbers in math?
Quick Answer
In mathematics, benchmark numbers are predefined numbers that assist in estimation of an unknown quantity. Benchmark numbers tend to be multiples of 5 or 10.
Continue Reading
What are benchmark numbers in math?
Credit: Alex Pepperhill CC-BY 2.0
Full Answer
Benchmark numbers can be used in a variety of estimation problems. They are often found on number lines and labeling known quantities, for example, a jar of pennies labeled with "100 pennies" next to a much larger unlabeled jar of pennies. In that example, knowing the volume that 100 pennies take up can help in estimating how many pennies are in the larger jar.
The concept of benchmark numbers comes from the generalized definition of a benchmark, which is a standard known quantity by which other quantities can be measured.
Learn more about Numbers
Related Questions


AI/ML, AWS, Cloud Computing
3 Mins Read
RAG with Amazon Bedrock – Part 1
Introduction
RAG stands for Retrieval-Augmented Generative. It refers to a class of natural language processing models that combines generative capabilities with information retrieval mechanisms. RAG models aim to enhance the generation of natural language text by allowing the model to retrieve and incorporate relevant information from a pre-existing knowledge base.
The architecture of a typical RAG model includes a generative language model, such as a transformer-based model, and a retrieval component. The retrieval component enables the model to search and retrieve information from a specified knowledge source, often a large database or a collection of documents. The generative model then uses this retrieved information to produce more contextually relevant and informed responses.
What is Amazon Bedrock?
Amazon Bedrock is a meticulously administered platform that provides a selection of high-performing foundational models (FMs) crafted by leading artificial intelligence enterprises such as AI21 Labs, Anthropic, Cohere, Meta, Stability AI, and Amazon through a unified API. Additionally, it furnishes an extensive array of functionalities essential for constructing creative AI applications, ensuring security, privacy, and ethical AI practices.
Utilizing Amazon Bedrock facilitates seamless experimentation and assessment of premier FMs tailored to your requirements. It enables confidential customization leveraging your data, employing methodologies like fine-tuning and the innovative approach of Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG).
Moreover, it empowers the creation of agents capable of executing tasks by interfacing with your enterprise systems and diverse data sources.
Pioneers in Cloud Consulting & Migration Services
 - Reduced infrastructural costs
 - Accelerated application deployment
Get Started
Knowledge base for Amazon Bedrock
Amazon Bedrock's Knowledge Base empowers users to consolidate data sources efficiently. This reservoir of information becomes the cornerstone for building applications that employ the advanced technique of Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG). Unlike traditional models, RAG enhances response generation by retrieving information from data sources, elevating the overall application intelligence.
Key Benefits of Knowledge Bases:
 - Retrieve And Generate API Integration: Configure your RAG application seamlessly using the Retrieve and Generate API. This API enables the application to query the Knowledge Base and generate responses dynamically based on the retrieved information. This integration enhances the responsiveness and relevance of your application's output. This also helps store much more relevant data as a knowledge base, such as raw pdf files, doc files, and many other data sources that can be easily retrieved when calling the model.
 - Agent Empowerment with RAG: Elevate the capabilities of your agent by associating the Knowledge Base with it. This integration adds RAG capability to the agent, enabling it to reason through steps and provide more informed assistance to end users. This collaborative approach enhances user experience and problem-solving efficiency.
 - Custom Orchestration with Retrieve API: Take customization to the next level by creating a tailored orchestration flow in your application. Utilize the Retrieve API to fetch information from the Knowledge Base directly. This approach provides flexibility in handling specific data retrieval scenarios, allowing you to design a bespoke user experience.
Knowledge Base Setup
 - Begin by arranging and specifying the data sources you want to integrate into your knowledge base.
 - Transfer your data to a designated Amazon S3 bucket for storage and organization.
 - Process your data by creating embeddings using a foundational model, and then store these embeddings in a compatible vector store.
 - Establish the necessary infrastructure within your application or agent to inquire about the knowledge base, enabling it to provide enhanced and augmented responses based on the retrieved information.
Conclusion
Amazon Bedrock's Knowledge Base is a game-changer for developers seeking to harness the power of information. Whether integrating RAG for dynamic response generation or empowering agents with advanced reasoning capabilities, the possibilities are vast. Developers can create intelligent applications that stand out in today's competitive technological landscape by understanding and implementing the various ways to leverage the Knowledge Base. Unlock the true potential of your data with Amazon Bedrock's Knowledge Base and revolutionize your application development journey.
Click here for Part 2.
Drop a query if you have any questions regarding RAG and we will get back to you quickly.
Empowering organizations to become 'data driven' enterprises with our Cloud experts.
 - Reduced infrastructure costs
 - Timely data-driven decisions
Get Started
About CloudThat
CloudThat is a leading provider of Cloud Training and Consulting services with a global presence in India, the USA, Asia, Europe, and Africa. Specializing in AWS, Microsoft Azure, GCP, VMware, Databricks, and more, the company serves mid-market and enterprise clients, offering comprehensive expertise in Cloud Migration, Data Platforms, DevOps, IoT, AI/ML, and more.
CloudThat is recognized as a top-tier partner with AWS and Microsoft, including the prestigious 'Think Big' partner award from AWS and the Microsoft Superstars FY 2023 award in Asia & India. Having trained 650k+ professionals in 500+ cloud certifications and completed 300+ consulting projects globally, CloudThat is an official AWS Advanced Consulting Partner, AWS Training Partner, AWS Migration Partner, AWS Data and Analytics Partner, AWS DevOps Competency Partner, Amazon QuickSight Service Delivery Partner, Amazon EKS Service Delivery Partner, Microsoft Gold Partner, AWS Microsoft Workload Partners, Amazon EC2 Service Delivery Partner, and many more.
To get started, go through our Consultancy page and Managed Services PackageCloudThat's offerings.
FAQs
1. What is the first step in configuring a knowledge base in Amazon Bedrock?
ANS: – The initial step involves configuring the data sources you intend to incorporate into your knowledge base. This ensures that the knowledge base encompasses relevant and diverse information.
2. What is the significance of generating embeddings in the knowledge base setup process?
ANS: – Ingesting your data involves generating embeddings with a foundation model. These embeddings serve as meaningful representations of the data in a vector space, facilitating efficient processing and retrieval.
WRITTEN BY Arslan Eqbal
Share
Comments
 Click to Comment
Get The Most Out Of Us
Our support doesn't end here. We have monthly newsletters, study guides, practice questions, and more to assist you in upgrading your cloud career. Subscribe to get them all!


Try OpenEdge Now
skip to main content
SQL Development
Optimizing Query Performance : Understanding optimization : Optimizer phases : GROUP BY optimization : Considering Equi-Constant Predicates

Considering Equi-Constant Predicates
Using the Equi-Constant Predicates optimization technique, sql engine recognizes leading index prefix components with equi-constant predicates and tries to select index scan if the remaining index components (may include leading components also) are specified in group-by columns. For example:
Create index idx1 on test1(c1,c2, c3)
Select c2,c3 from Test1 where c1=100 GROUP BY c2,c3;
Select c2,c3 from Test1 where c1=100 GROUP BY c3,c2;
In these two queries, index idx1 can be chosen with the index predicate c1=100. Since the rows are in order and the Considering Constant Predicates optimization technique is applied, STREAM aggregation is chosen. If this optimization technique is not applied, the SQL optimizer will pick the index scan but will choose the HASH aggregation.


text:
The core business of the NEOVIA group is the maintenance and protection of roads and airports. The economic and financial challenges linked to the preservation of this heritage are essential to guarantee the maintenance of our infrastructures and to maintain our competitiveness.
- Sealing of bitumen and concrete pavement supports
- waterproofing of civil engineering infrastructures
- The adhesion of the wearing course by hydroregeneration
- Reinforcement and repairs of pavements
- Horizontal and vertical signage for road and air routes
Surface grip and improving the quality of existing surfaces services


Question: Does Bleach Dissolve Toilet Paper?
What will dissolve feces?
Wait until it dissolves the poop, and then flush the toilet a few times..
What enzyme breaks down poop?
RID-X is made of four natural enzymes that each break down a certain element of solid waste. Cellulase breaks down toilet paper and some food matter, lipase breaks down fats, protease breaks down proteins and amylase breaks down starches.
How long does it take for paper towel to dissolve in water?
In fact, they can take up to eight days to dissolve, which makes their flushability claim useless, because we can't wait eight days to remove wastewater from Castro Valley!
What chemical will dissolve toilet paper?
Try placing two tablespoons of lye in toilet tissue, tightly wrapping the tissue so that it does not release the lye until flushed down, then drop in the toilet and flush immediately, using a full bucket of water to force it down if necessary.
What dissolves paper fast?
With a little heat and some acidic liquid, you can dissolve paper quickly and efficiently. Pour five cups of lemon juice into a cooking pot. Heat the lemon juice to a boil. While the lemon juice is heating, cut the paper by hand or with scissors into half-inch pieces.
Does vinegar dissolve poop?
Pour vinegar into the toilet – Use equal parts of vinegar and baking soda. This means that for one cup of baking soda, use one cup of vinegar. Once you pour the vinegar into the toilet, it will combine with the baking soda and begin fizzing immediately. The fizzing will build up quickly but also subside quickly.
Does hot water dissolve toilet paper?
Step 2: Return and See Your Handy Work. (Hot water helps break up toilet paper quicker and the soap lubricates the passage of solid material).
How long does it take for toilet paper to decompose?
one to three yearsIn this article, Backpacker reports it can take toilet paper anywhere from one to three years to decompose. Not quite as quick as you might think. Besides, regardless of whether toilet paper decomposes quickly or not, leaving it around is just plain gross.
Does acetone dissolve paper?
Acetone. Acetone is a powerful organic solvent that can be used to easily and quickly remove ink from paper. … It will remove most ink without causing any damage to the paper. Acetone is the major ingredient in nail polish remover.
Does bleach dissolve paper towel?
Does bleach dissolve paper towels? There are wipes but Inthink biggest clog was prom kitchen paper towels. … Bleach isn't a solvent and won't do much more than the water will. Bleach won't do it.
What toilet paper does not clog toilets?
Charmin Ultra Soft looked like a standard premium toilet paper. Its packaging claimed that it's a "no plunger" toilet paper. Meaning it won't clog your pipes.
Why is poop coming back into toilet?
How to fix a poop coming back up toilet problem – Quora. This means a blockage or flooding somewhere. If you have an inspection cover near where your sewage pipe joins the main pipe, check to see if it is also backed up; if yes, try clearing the blockage with drain rods (or pay someone else to do it).
What liquid can dissolve paper?
The secret lies in the fact that the paper is made of Sodium Carboxyl Methyl Cellulose (no, really, we didn't make that up.) It dissolves in cold water, hot water, steam, and most aqueous solutions.


text:
A fertilized, incubated chicken egg takes about 21 days to hatch; and while most of us have seen what chicks look like at either end of the developmental spectrum (either sunny-side-up in a frying pan or newly hatched in a nature documentary), the fact that egg shells aren't see-through means that not many people have seen what goes on between days 2 and 20.
Well... now you have.
As reddit user alukima points out, it's unclear whether these photos catalogue the development of a single chick, or of several chicks photographed at different stages of development. You'll notice, for example, that in the third image the yolk appears be broken, but looks fine in later images.
Having said that, it is possible to grow a chicken in a petri dish. Several methods papers have been published on the subject of Petri-grown chicks, beginning with the Auerbach method in 1974. You can check out the full set of images over on imgur.


text:
During Kerrigan's resurgence, Abathur discovered the vile strain by forcing roaches on the world of Mehlus IV to drink microbe-infested water on the planet's surface. The roaches that survived the toxic ingestion adapted to produce acidic saliva which were altered by the byproducts of the microbes. When the vile attacks a target, their acidic saliva will act as a constrictive agent. As newer layers are added with each attack, the old layers harden and tighten thus debilitating the target.
Its attacks slow normal enemy units' movement speed and attack speed by 75%. Heroic units instead suffer a penalty of 20% to both movement speed and attack speed.
The slowing attacks of the vile roach make it very effective against larger enemy units such as the colossus, thors, siege tanks and archons by making their already slow attacks even slower. With proper micro, vile roaches can also kite zealots easily. However, the slowing effect is somewhat wasted on masses of smaller units, such as marines.
When compared with the corpser, the vile is more effective against larger, heavier hitting units such as colossi and thors, while the corpser is more effective against smaller closely grouped enemies.


Definitions for take apart
This page provides all possible meanings and translations of the word take apart
Princeton's WordNet
 1. disassemble, dismantle, take apart, break up, break apart(verb)
 take apart into its constituent pieces
 2. dismember, take apart, discerp(verb)
 divide into pieces
 3. analyze, analyse, break down, dissect, take apart(verb)
Kernerman English Learner's Dictionary
 1. take apart(verb)ɪk
 to separate sth into the pieces it is made of
 She had taken the whole bike apart.
 1. take apart(Verb)
 to dismantle something into it's component pieces.
 2. take apart(Verb)
 to soundly defeat someone, or a team
 3. take apart(Verb)
 to criticise someone
 4. take apart(Verb)
 to move someone away from others to be able to talk to, or give them something in private.
Translations for take apart
Kernerman English Multilingual Dictionary
take apart
He took the engine apart.
Get even more translations for take apart »
Find a translation for the take apart definition in other languages:
Select another language:
Discuss these take apart definitions with the community:
Use the citation below to add this definition to your bibliography:
"take apart." STANDS4 LLC, 2014. Web. 26 Nov. 2014. < apart>.
Are we missing a good definition for take apart?
The Web's Largest Resource for
Definitions & Translations
A Member Of The STANDS4 Network
Nearby & related entries:
Alternative searches for take apart:


text:
Giant Spanish slugs have been mating with their British counterparts to create a mutant strain of "superslugs".
The Spanish molluscs are thought to have arrived in the UK in salads during the summer months, and have already spread all the way across the country to Wales.
The Mirror reports that they can grow up to 15cm in length, and produce hundreds more eggs than the typical British slug, which could spell trouble for the indigenous slug population.
Slug expert Les Noble of Aberdeen University said: "These slugs are like conquistadors were to the Aztecs. Native slugs can't keep pace and may become extinct.
"They are simply being overrun and when you consider the Spanish slug will happily make a meal out of a dead rabbit as much as out of dog muck you can see why they are so successful.
"We have already seen when these slugs move into an area, the native slugs vanish almost immediately. They can wipe out whole crops and prevent them growing there again."
A 72-year-old from Wales has claimed to have seen the giant slugs in her garden "eating snails", and added: "Our dog caught one, it was so big I thought it was a mouse."


text:
Zoning meaning in Urdu is Halqa bandi. Similar words of Zoning are also commonly used in daily talk like as Zone. Pronunciation of Zoning in roman Urdu is Halqa bandi and Translation of Zoning in Urdu writing script is حلقہ بندی Zone meaning in Urdu is Ilaqa. Similar words of Zone are also commonly used in daily talk like as Zoned, Zones and Zonesthesia. Pronunciation of Zone in roman Urdu is Ilaqa and Translation of Zone in Urdu writing script is علاقہ
There are always several meanings of each word in Urdu, the correct meaning of In A Zone in Urdu is میں ایک علاقہ, and in roman we write it. The other meanings are ZONING MEANING IN ARABIC Zoning meaning in Arabic is التقسيم. Check out Zoning similar words like Zone; Zoning Urdu Translation is التقسيم . meaning in Hindi. 1. It will be a remarkable moment. The United States glories in the full flower of public opinion with regard to taxes, schools, and property. Activists organize voluntary associations, citizens turn up at town hall meetings, associations lobby elected representatives. यह एक. Zoning Glossary. Applicant: Person (s) applying to rezone a property. Anyone can submit an application for a rezoning for any property. The only requirements are to pay the application fee, have a pre-application conference with the Planning Department staff, and hold a neighborhood meeting. Built Environment: All the physical, human-made.
The Urdu Word خاکہ Meaning in English is Outlining. The other similar words are Khaka, Naqsha and Mukhtasir Byaan. The synonyms of Outlining include are Banding, Bordering, Bounding, Circumscribing, Delimiting, Girdling, Marking and Zoning. Take a look at this page to find out more Kacha Meanings in English Land Use Information. Land Use Ordinances A land use ordinance adopts, amends or repeals provisions of the Washington County Comprehensive Plan, which includes the Transportation System Plan, the Community Plans, the Community Development Code and/or related maps, or otherwise directly governs the use of the land Outlining Meaning In Urdu. Outlining Meaning in English to Urdu is خاکہ, as written in Urdu and Khaka, as written in Roman Urdu. There are many synonyms of Outlining which include Banding, Bordering, Bounding, Circumscribing, Delimiting, Girdling, Marking, Zoning, etc
Article II - Establishment of Zoning Districts . A) Districts - For the purpose of this Ordinance, the Town of Waterville Valley is divided into the following nine Zoning Districts, hereafter referred to as Districts: 1) A Lower Density Residential (LDR) district. 2) A Higher Density Residential (HDR) district Spanish words for zoning include parcelar en zonas, zonación, zonificando, zonificaciones and zonaciones. Find more Spanish words at wordhippo.com A ZIP Code is a postal code used by the United States Postal Service (USPS). Introduced in 1963, the basic format consisted of five digits. In 1983, an extended ZIP+4 code was introduced; it included the five digits of the ZIP Code, followed by a hyphen and four digits that designated a more specific location.. The term ZIP is an acronym for Zone Improvement Plan; it was chosen to suggest that.
For the purpose of this resolution the following terms, phrases, words, and their derivation shall have the meaning given herein: A. Enforcement Authority - Rutherford Co. Sheriffs Department or the Director of Building Codes for the County of Rutherford, Tennessee, or his duly authorized representative or persons designated by the County. Figure 1: A snapshot of the zoning districts near Constitution Avenue and Murray Boulevard. Each property within the City of Colorado Springs is part of a zone district, which is a delineated area in which all land and structures are governed by a specific group of use and development standards. The City is organized into residential. . Zoning and land use planning help promote growth and redevelopment in the City in a sustainable and orderly way. Descriptions of zoning districts, use regulations, and other detailed information is available in the Zoning Ordinance.You can view the City of Kalamazoo Zoning Map by utilizing the GIS Property Mapping Service.Select Property Mapping and then click the I Want.
Zoning definition is - the act or process of partitioning a city, town, or borough into zones reserved for different purposes (such as residence or business); also : the set of ordinances by which such zones are established and regulated. How to use zoning in a sentence Zoning Code sections prior to adoption of Chapter 39, which became effective on November 24, 2018. Chapter 33: West Hills Rural Plan Area (2.27 MB) Chapter 34: Sauvie Island/Multnomah Channel Rural Plan Area (1.88 MB) Chapter 35: East of Sandy River Rural Plan Area (2.37 MB) Chapter 36: West of Sandy River Rural Plan Area (2.3 MB Zoning is a method of urban planning in which a municipality or other tier of government divides land into areas called zones, each of which has a set of regulations for new development that differs from other zones. Zones may be defined for a single use (e.g. residential, industrial), they may combine several compatible activities by use, or in the case of form-based zoning, the differing. zoning definition: 1. the act of deciding, or the decision that has been taken about, what particular use an area. Learn more
The City of Hickman Planning and Zoning Department is responsible for reviewing all development applications for areas within the City and its one-mile extra-territorial jurisdiction (ETJ). This includes applications for changes of zone, subdivisions, special use permits, conditional use permits, corridor overlay reviews, sign permits, floodplain management, changes to either the Zoning. Need to translate zoning industriel from French? Here's what it means
4.1.1 General Use Districts Established. (A) Establishment. (B) Hierarchy of General Use Districts. 4.1.2 Relationship to Conditional Use Districts and Overlay Districts. 4.1.3 Annexed Lands and Lands Added to the Town's Extraterritorial Jurisdiction. (A) Zoning Designation. (B) Effect of Zoning Designation on Nonconforming Lot Status When a member of the opposite sex (usually one you want to hook up with) declares you to be just a friend, thereby ruining all potential chances of sex Overview. The Department of Planning and Zoning's Zoning and Public Service Division is responsible for Zoning Code Enforcement, Zoning Administration and the County's Zoning Regulations. Tags. Planning & Zoning Definition of URD in the Definitions.net dictionary. Meaning of URD. What does URD mean? Information and translations of URD in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on the web Context sentences for zoning industriel in English These sentences come from external sources and may not be accurate. bab.la is not responsible for their content. French L'Union a aussi contribué à l'aménagement du zoning industriel de Trafford Park, créant ainsi plus de 15 000 emplois
2. County zoning permit must first be obtained from the Walworth County Zoning Deputy in the Town of East Troy before applying for a building permit from the Building Inspector of the Town of East Troy. (2008 code § 14.01) 15.05.020 State Electrical Code applies. 1. Authority The Department of Planning and Zoning shapes the growth and future of Howard County by facilitating the development of safe, healthy, equitable, connected, and sustained communities, while respecting individual rights and protecting the County's natural environment, historical integrity and character
Planning in Weld County. The Weld County Planning Department is organized into two service divisions including Building Inspection and Planning Services. The planning process is designed to provide a consistent review of individual land-use matters through chapters adopted into the Weld County Code. The County Code ensures that each proposed. Land: A single-family home has no shared property but is built on its own parcel of land. The area around the building is for the private use of the owner, says Kevin Adkins, CEO of Kenmore.
A-1 Zoning Ordinance Amendment The Stafford County Board of Supervisors and the Stafford County Planning Commission held a joint public hearing on October 29, 2020, to consider amendments to the Zoning Ordinance and Comprehensive Plan relating to allowed densities in the A-1, Agricultural Zoning District At the end of it, you suddenly realise your zoning and snap out of it, coming back to the real world Zoning..... is where you stare at something, completely oblivious to the world around you, and oblivious to the fact that you are staring at something, whilst either thinking about nothing and being in a kind of trance, or being in deep thought Zoning Officer: David J. Benedetti, PP, AICP 500 Pemberton-Browns Mills Rd. Pemberton, NJ 08068 Phone: _PHONE_ Facsimile: _PHONE_ Zoning Map When submitting Zoning Permits that Do Not require a fee, they may be emailed to: _EMAIL_ Spanish words for zoning include parcelar en zonas, zonación, zonificando, zonificaciones and zonaciones. Find more Spanish words at wordhippo.com
The Zoning Department encourages the development and preservation of sustainable land uses which promote the health, safety, quality of life and overall general welfare of


_
 size.Height) / 2, _
 boundingRectangle.Width, _
 boundingRectangle.Height)
 End Function
End Class
The utility is capable of producing rectangle sub-divisions as suggested by the roughly created grid in the comment in the first part of the listing. You can specify the number of vertical and horizontal sub-rectangles, which horizontal and vertical sub-rectangle to return, and CenterRect (at the end) will return a rectangle centered vertically and horizontally within another rectangle.
The reason shared methods were used is that the Rectangles class itself stores no data; that is, it contains no fields, properties, or events. Following a general OOP rule such a class is naturally specified as a class containing all shared members.
Defining a State-Full Rectangle Manager
Next, I wanted to able to track individual rectangles, so a state-full RectangleManager was defined. This class keeps track of its horizontal and vertical sub-rectangles (with hSegments and vSegments), the desired padding between rectangles, and the original outer rectangle. This class is useful for keeping track of a specific rectangle set being used. Listing 2 contains the RectangleManager.
Listing 2: The RectangleManager is state-full—keeping track of the rectangle under management.
Imports System.Collections
Public Class RectangleManager
 'Implements IEnumerator
 ' note to self - implement IEnumerator so we can do a foreach
 ' over the segments
 Public Sub New(ByVal Rect As Rectangle, _
 ByVal hSegments As Integer, ByVal vSegments As Integer)
 Me.Rect = Rect
 Me.vSegments = vSegments
 Me.hSegments = hSegments
 End Sub
 Public Sub New(ByVal Rect As Rectangle, _
 ByVal hSegments As Integer, _
 ByVal vSegments As Integer, ByVal padding As Integer)
 Me.Rect = Rect
 Me.vSegments = vSegments
 Me.hSegments = hSegments
 Me.padding = padding
 End Sub
 Private Rect As Rectangle
 Private vSegments As Integer
 Private hSegments As Integer
 Private padding As Integer = 4
 Public Function GetSubRect(ByVal xSegment As Integer, _
 ByVal ySegment As Integer) As Rectangle
 Return Rectangles.GetSubRect(Rect, xSegment, ySegment, _
 hSegments, _
 vSegments, padding)
 End Function
 Public Function CenterRect(ByVal size As SizeF, _
 ByVal xSegment As Integer, _
 ByVal ySegment As Integer)
 Return Rectangles.CenterRect(size, GetSubRect(xSegment, _
 ySegment))
 End Function
End Class
Visualizing a LINQ Query with the Rectangle Manager
A LINQ query returns a sequence. (Think collection!) By using ellipses, you can visualize the sequence as a linear row of circles with each circle containing the text (or a representation of the text) in the circle itself. Listing 3 shows the form for representing the sequence visually, and Listing 4 contains a concrete behavior class that contains the draw-sequence behavior. (You can look up the State Behavior Pattern on dofactory.com or the GoF book on Design Patterns.)
Listing 3: The Form using a state behavior pattern; the Form shows the visual representation of the LINQ query.
Public Class Form1
 Private state As MyStatePattern
 Private Sub Form1_Load(ByVal sender As System.Object, _
 ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles MyBase.Load
 state = New DrawSequenceState(p)
 End Sub
 Private p As Pen = New Pen(Color.Red, 4)
 Private Sub Form1_Paint(ByVal sender As Object, _
 ByVal e As System.Windows.Forms.PaintEventArgs) _
 Handles Me.Paint
 state.Draw(e.Graphics, Font)
 End Sub
 Private Sub DrawRectanglesToolStripMenuItem_Click(ByVal _
 sender As System.Object, _
 ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles _
 DrawRectanglesToolStripMenuItem.Click
 state = New DrawRectState(p)
 Invalidate()
 End Sub
 Private Sub DrawEllipsesToolStripMenuItem_Click(ByVal sender _
 As System.Object, _
 ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles _
 DrawEllipsesToolStripMenuItem.Click
 state = New DrawEllipseState(p)
 Invalidate()
 End Sub
 Private Sub DrawSequenceToolStripMenuItem_Click(ByVal sender _
 As System.Object, _
 ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles _
 DrawSequenceToolStripMenuItem.Click
 state = New DrawSequenceState(p)
 Invalidate()
 End Sub
End Class
Listing 4: The DrawSequenceState class that contains the sequence and the call using the RectangleManager to represent that sequence.
Imports System.Drawing
Public Class DrawSequenceState
 Inherits MyStatePattern
 ''' <summary>
 ''' Initializes a new instance of the DrawSequenceState class.
 ''' </summary>
 Public Sub New(ByVal pen As Pen)
 MyBase.New(pen)
 End Sub
 Public Overrides Sub Draw(ByVal Graphics As _
 System.Drawing.Graphics, _
 ByVal Font As System.Drawing.Font)
 Dim i = New Integer() {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}
 Graphics.SmoothingMode = Drawing2D.SmoothingMode.AntiAlias
 Dim r As Rectangle = New Rectangle(10, 50, 200, 50)
 Graphics.DrawRectangle(MyPen, r)
 Dim result = From o In i Where o Mod 2 = 0 Select o
 Dim instance As RectangleManager = _
 New RectangleManager(r, result.Count, 1)
 For x = 0 To result.Count - 1
 Dim f As Rectangle = instance.GetSubRect(x, 0)
 Graphics.FillEllipse(Brushes.Lavender, f.X, f.Y, _
 f.Width, f.Height)
 Graphics.DrawEllipse(Pens.Black, f.X, f.Y, _
 f.Width, f.Height)
 Dim t As Rectangle = instance.GetSubRect(x, 0)
 Dim s As SizeF = Graphics.MeasureString( _
 result.ElementAt(x).ToString(), Font)
 Dim textRect As Rectangle = Rectangles.CenterRect(s, t)
 Graphics.DrawString(result.ElementAt(x).ToString(), _
 Font, _
 Brushes.Blue, textRect.X, textRect.Y)
 Next
 End Sub
End Class
The LINQ query is shown in Listing 4 on the line Dim result = From o In i Where o Mod 2 = 0 Select 0. This query selects the even numbered integers as shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1: The results of the LINQ query returning even numbers in a set of integers 0 through 8.
The base class for the state pattern MyStatePattern is shown in Listing 5.
Listing 5: The abstract base class for the state pattern.
Public MustInherit Class MyStatePattern
 Private FMyPen As Pen
 Public Property MyPen() As Pen
 Get
 Return FMyPen
 End Get
 Set(ByVal Value As Pen)
 FMyPen = Value
 End Set
 End Property
 Public Sub New(ByVal pen As Pen)
 FMyPen = pen
 End Sub
 Public MustOverride Sub Draw(ByVal Graphics As Graphics, _
 ByVal Font As Font)
End Class
Summary
Everything is Rectangles in a 2D rectilinear world. In this article, I demonstrated how you can draw specific rectangular sub-regions as rectangles or ellipses (or really as anything that is constrained by a rectangular region). That was followed by an application of this technique that visualizes LINQ queries. I hope you find the code useful.
About the Author
Paul Kimmel is the VB Today columnist for _URL_ and has written several books on object-oriented programming and .NET. Check out his upcoming book LINQ Unleashed for C# due in Spring 2008. You may contact him for technology questions at _EMAIL_.
If you are interested in joining or sponsoring a .NET Users Group, check out _URL_. Glugnet opened a users group branch in Flint, Michigan in August 2007. If you are interested in attending, check out the _URL_ web site for updates.
Copyright © 2008 by Paul T. Kimmel. All Rights Reserved.
Sitemap | Contact Us
Thanks for your registration, follow us on our social networks to keep up-to-date


text:
PyAEZ methodology is the python-language toolbox for land evaluation assessment. PyAEZ has been utilizing climate, soil, terrain aspects to evaluate food security status, land productivity potentials and land suitability process. As a toolbox under Python programming language, this tool was originally developed by FAO and IIASA from its source code of methodology.
With the new version of PyAEZ v2.2 (previously published its v.2.1 on last June 2023), GIC facilitated a four-day online training of the new PyAEZ version, conducted with the support from Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and IIASA (International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis). Prof. Rajendra Shrestha from Asian Institute of Technology (AIT) warmly welcomed the participants as the coordinators from AIT. Team lead from GIC, Dr. Kittiphon Boonma, introduced PyAEZ tool and delivered the fundamental items under this tool.
The PyAEZ v2.2 underwent a major algorithm revision, and enhancement of user-input data. Starting from the 11th to 14th December 2023, Dr. Kittiphon and Mr. Swun Wunna Htet from GIC delivered the practical sessions, with AEZ concept presentation by Dr. Günther Fischer from IIASA, and soil evaluation concept by Dr. Freddy Nachtergaele, supporting capacity building to more than 50 participants and researchers from more than 30 countries across the world.
The online training met the expectations, which aimed to deliver the understanding of AEZ assessment procedure under PyAEZ toolbox. The participants were able to run different crop types of yield simulation and showcased the different scenarios with crop map visualization.
The closing remarks were delivered by Dr. Damien Beau from FAO-Regional Office of Asia and Pacific (FAO-RAP), addressing the potential to PyAEZ package, especially in future food security issues.