text:
Clay Tool Set
This set contains a fantastic variety of tools suitable for use with clay. They may be used while the clay is still moist or on green ware (unfired air dried clay) to carve, cut and clean.
This clay tool set may also be used with polymer clay. Each tool is made from clear varnished hardwood handles with durable steel blades. There are infinite ways to use these tools. Below is a small selection of possibilities.
- The small metal brush creates multiple fine textured marks.
- The Spearhead end cuts small straight lines and is perfect for creating fine details. Carve, cut and smooth with the curved end.
- Remove clay in square in large flat areas with the open loop end. Carve, cut and smooth with the curved end.
- These tool ends are the perfect size for hand drilling holes for salt and pepper shakers in green ware.
- The needle point end is ideal for placing delicate objects or scratching in fine details. Carve, cut and smooth with the curved end.
- This tool is often referred to as a spoolie. It is great for cleaning rough spots on green ware in delicate or hard to reach places.
- The curved end has a small sharp blade which is great for removing small areas with straight edges. The angled end is great for cutting small detailed areas.
- The angled end is invaluable for flattening areas in hard to reach places. The needle point can create small holes, texture marks or can assist in placement of small objects.
- Use the slightly forked end to create wood like texture or sgraffito effects. Spearhead ends cuts small straight lines and etches fine details.
- The curved blade with the flat end lifts small areas with straight edges. Use the slightly forked end to create wood like texture or sgraffito effects.
- The curved blade cuts, carves and smoothes clay. The large spearhead blade is great for deepening details and making longer cuts.


Make DataGenerator A Hadoop Job
Data generator is provided to generate tuples with specified number of fields for testing purpose. You can configure the datatype, length, cardinality, distribution and the percentage of NULL values for each field. Data generator generates random values that matches the configuration. Two types of distribution are supported: uniform and zipf distribution.
The current implementation runs on a single box and is single threaded. Its execution time is linear to the amount of data to be generated. When the amount of data reaches hundreds of gigabytes, the time required becomes unacceptable. In other words, this application is not scalable to deal with large amount of data.
The newer version of implementation allows to generate data in hadoop mode. You can specify the number of mappers, each mapper only needs to generate a fraction of data. This can greatly reduce the execution time.
Tuples generated by data generator can contain fields that are uniformly distributed or Zipf distributed. Both types of fields can be split into multiple processors with each processor generating a fraction of total rows. If M rows are to be generated by N processors, then each processor shall generate M/N rows. When the data from each processor are combined together, the result should still be uniformly distributed or zipf distributed.
Data generator is modified to be a hadoop job.
Define following env variables:
export HADOOP_CLASSPATH=$pigjar:$zipfjar:$datagenjar
For Hadoop 0.18
hadoop jar -libjars $zipfjar $datagenjar org.apache.pig.test.utils.datagen.DataGenerator -conf $conf_file [options] colspec...
For Hadoop 0.20 or Greater
hadoop jar $datagenjar org.apache.pig.test.utils.datagen.DataGenerator -libjars $zipfjar -conf $conf_file [options] colspec..
To run it locally, besides using hadoop jar without -m, you can also use:
java -cp $pigjar:$zipfjar:$datagenjar org.apache.pig.test.utils.datagen.DataGenerator [options] colspec...
Future Works
This implementation is constrained by the memory availability. For now, we assume the cardinality of a field that need a mapping file is less than 2M, and the number of such fields is not more than 5. In this case, the memory required should be less than 1G for most settings. To work with bigger cardinality or more of string fields, the DataGenerator has to generate data with random numbers and then does an explicit join between the mapping file and the data file.
DataGeneratorHadoop (last edited 2010-01-15 00:16:15 by RobStewart)


text:
About withering abalone syndrome
This pest comes from the west coast of North America. It attacks the digestive system of abalone. This stops them eating, making them weak and shriveled.
Why this is a problem for New Zealand
This disease could harm our pāua species. It stunts their growth and makes them unappetising.
How it could get here
This disease could hitchhike to New Zealand on used diving gear or aquaculture equipment. Biosecurity New Zealand has strict measures in place to limit the chances of withering abalone syndrome making it through the border. But we need you to play your part – if you are returning to New Zealand with diving gear, make sure it's dry.
How to identify withering abalone syndrome
The main sign that a pāua is infected is a withered 'foot', the part of a pāua that attaches to rocks. Shells remain intact but the body will be shrunken inside.
What to do
If you think you've found an infected pāua:
- take a photo
- collect a sample
- record location and landmarks
- call MPI on 0800 80 99 66 to report your find.
Note: This information is a summary of this disease's global distribution and potential impacts to New Zealand.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
Multi-directional Irregular Wave Modelling with CFD
MetadataShow full item record
The design of coastal structures requires accurate simulations of the wave conditions. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) captures most complexities of the wave physics with few assumptions and therefore is considered to be an ideal alternative for the offshore wave simulation. However, the conventional uni-directional regular wave CFD simulation does not represent the reality and tends to overestimate the wave conditions. The irregular bottom topography and varying water depth in the coastal area make the simulation more complicated. To give a more realistic simulation in a coastal area, a directional irregular wave model is to be implemented in a CFD code. This paper presents a multi-directional irregular wave implementation in the open-source CFD model REEF3D. The non-directional frequency spectra Joint North Sea Wave Observation Project (JONSWAP) together with a cos-squared-type directional spreading function is used for the simulation. REEF3D solves the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations with the finite difference method on a staggered Cartesian grid and uses the level-set method to capture the free surface under the two-phase flow approximation. The relaxation method is used for the wave generation and numerical beaches. The irregular waves are generated by the superimposition of a finite number of regular waves. The resulting significant wave heights are compared with another numerical model SWASH. The comparisons show good performance of CFD simulations in predicting irregular wave behaviours. The differences are also discussed for future references.


text:
Air Pollution Alert for Southern Tier & Central NY
The New York State Department of Environmental Conservation has issued an Air Quality Alert for the Southern Tier and Central New York for 11 a.m. through 11 p.m. May 21.
The alert is for Broome, Chenango, Cortland, Delaware, Tioga, Tompkins Counties and north through Syracuse.
The D.E.C. says air quality levels in outdoor air are predicted to be greater than the index value of 100 for ozone.
The Air Quality Index, or A.Q.I., was created as a way to correlate levels of different pollutants onto one scale so it's easier to assess the health concern. The higher the value, the greater the health concern.
The New York State Department of Health recommends people think about limiting strenuous outdoor physical activity when pollution levels are elevated.
The very young and those with pre-existing respiratory problems like asthma or heart disease can be especially sensitive.


Compute Shortest Common Supersequence in Python
Hello guys, now we are going to Compute Shortest Common Supersequence using Python. If you are here, then you are moving in the right direction looking for the solution. let me first explain what is shortest common supersequence.
Finding the shortest string that is common in two different strings is known as the shortest supersequence. so using Python now we are going to find it. Here we are going to lists and its operations and nested loops.
Lists and its operations:
Now we are going to learn 3 operations of lists which are being used for this problem.
1. Append:
a=[]
a.append(4)
print(a)
 output:
[4]
Here we have created a list a and we used append operation to add 4 into the list.
2. Extend:
a=[4]
b=[5]
a.extend(b)
print(a)
 output:
[4, 5]
Here we have created two lists with elements in it and used to extend operation to add elements of one list to the other.
3. Remove:
a=[4,5]
a.remove(a[0])
print(a)
 output:
[5]
Here we have created a list with two or more than elements in it and used remove operation to remove an element in it.
How to compute Shortest Common Supersequence in Python
Now here is the code for the above problem.
a=input("Enter the string 1 :")
b=input("Enter the string 2: ")
c=[]
d=[]
e=[]
for i in a:
 c.append(i)
for i in b:
 d.append(i)
e.append(c[0])
p=1
q=0
if c[0]==d[0]:
 d.remove(d[0])
else:
 while (p+1)<=len(c):
 while (q+1)<=len(d):
 if c[p]==d[q]:
 while q!=0:
 e.append(d[0])
 d.remove(d[0])
 q-=1
 e.append(c[p])
 d.remove(d[q])
 p+=1
 q=0
 if (p+1)>len(c) and len(d)>0:
 e.extend(d)
 d.clear()
 elif c[p]==c[p-1]:
 e.append(c[p])
 p+=1
 q=0
 if (p + 1)>len(c) and len(d)>0:
 e.extend(d)
 d.clear()
 elif (q+1)==len(d):
 e.append(c[p])
 p+=1
 q=0
 if (p + 1)>len(c) and len(d)>0:
 e.extend(d)
 d.clear()
 else:
 q+=1
print(*e,sep="")
Here we have created many lists and took input from the user and divide that string into characters. Then we add 1st string characters to the newly created list one by one by comparing with the 2nd string characters by following some conditions.
Input:
uday
vinay
Output:
udvinay
Also read: NumPy np.hermegrid2d() and np.hermegrid3d() methods in Python
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text:
WEWOKA, Okla. (KFOR) – It's been here for a couple hundred years, this towering pecan tree.
It predates the current Seminole County Courthouse.
Most people around here, even the people with business in the upstairs courtroom, have forgotten its deep roots.
But historian Richard Ellwanger will often point visitors to a stone sign at the tree's base, and the title conferred on this tree more than a century ago.
"It's the Whipping Tree," he announces. "The Seminoles were known for their swift and effective justice."
From the time of removal in the 1830's to just before Oklahoma statehood, the Seminole Nation administered justice in the county.
Their Lighthorsemen acted as police and took their jobs with deadly seriousness.
Ellwanger notes, "Their Lighthorsemen, their police force, was the most feared force in all the Five Tribes."
But there were no jails.
Punishment held to the Mosaic law of an eye for an eye in the form of lashes.
That's where the Whipping Tree came in.
"They would bind your legs and the Lighthorsemen would administer however many lashes the tribal council had adjudicated to you."
There was another tree that once stood on the courthouse square as well.
The Seminole Chief and Tribal Council occasionally issued death sentences administered by firing squads.
Ellwanger continues, "You would come wearing the finest clothes you could afford, and the Seminole Lighthorsemen would cut a paper heart and pin it to your chest as a target."
A section of the Execution Tree complete with bullet holes has been on display in the Seminole Nation Museum since 2016.
Their roots mix with the bloody soil of the Old West and the colored leaves of our own sense of right and wrong.
"The idea of justice and punishment is an eternal struggle," says Richard.
Historians say they are important in that way, touchable symbols of the questions we all still face beneath the spreading arms of justice.
For more information on the Whipping Tree or Seminole County history, click here.
'Is This a Great State or What?' is sponsored by WEOKIE.


text:
SKYRC motor analyzer is a precision electronic device that is especially designed for measuring the KV value, RMP, current drawn, motor timing, vibration noise level and checking the function of hall effect sensors of a brushless motor. It comes with a 2X16 characters LCD that is able to display real time measuring value of either sensor or sensor-less brushless motor.
KV(RPM per Volt) Show the rotor RPM/Volt at a certain throttle power level. U(VOLT) Show the input voltage to motor checker. RPM(Revolution Per Minutes) Show the rotor revolution at a certain throttle power level. I(AMP) Show the current drawn by the motor at a certain throttle power level.
MOTOR TIMING: Physical endbell timing, usually between 0 and 70 degrees, requires tools to rotate the sensor board.
NOISE LEVEL: Poor assembly motor, inferior bearing and unbalanced rotor can generate a vibration. Whenever a motor in air vibrates, it causes compression waves in the air. These waves move away from the motor as sound or noise. Vibration noise of motor is adverse the performance of motor. By measure the noise level of motors, you can select the less noise motor. The decibel (dB) is a logarithmic unit used to express noise level in this motor analyzer.
Phase A, B and C Sensor Timing: Show the actual timing of three sensor elements as above picture.
Input Voltage: 7.4-8.4V (Suggested to Use 7.4V 2S 1P LiPo Battery)
LCD Display Screen: Blue Backlight Background, White Text, 16 Characters X 2 Lines
KV Value Accuracy: +/- 3%
Motor Timing Accuracy: +/- 4%
Motor Timing Range: 0-70 Degree
Noise Level Measurement Range: 60dB - 120dB
Supported Motor: Sensor or Sensor-less Brushless Motor (2 Poles to 36 Poles)
Dimension: 136.5 x 80.6 x 24.5mm
Net Weight: 282gram (Without Cabel)
- KV Measurement
- RPM Measurement
- Voltage Measurement
- Ampere Measurement
- Motor Timing Checking 1) Average Timing 2) Phase A, B, C Timing
- Noise Level
- Hall Effect Sensor Test

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Take the 2-minute tour ×
$text_to_search = "example text with [foo] and more";
$search_string = "[foo]";
if($text_to_search =~ m/$search_string/) print "wee";
Please observe above code. For some reason I would like to find the text "[foo]" in the $text_to_search variable and print "wee" if I find it. To do this I would have to ensure that the [ and ] is substitued with [ and ] to make perl treat it as characters instead of operators.
Question: How can I do this without having to first replace [ and ] with \[ and \] using a s/// expression?
share|improve this question
I would say get into the habit of using the qr// construct for regular expressions and escaping special regex chars if literal is needed. Quotemeta will quote ALL special regex chars. If you just want to find a literal string in another, use index() instead. – sln Jan 6 '11 at 17:01
3 Answers 3
Use the quotemeta function:
$search_string = quotemeta "[foo]";
print "wee" if ($text_to_search =~ /$search_string/);
share|improve this answer
Use \Q to autoescape any potentially problematic characters in your variable.
if($text_to_search =~ m/\Q$search_string/) print "wee";
share|improve this answer
++. Merely for completeness: You could use the quotemeta function for a similar outcome: $text_to_search = quotemeta "example text with [foo] and more"; /$search_string/ But this will change $text_to_search, rather than quotemeta'ing only inside the regex. – Hugmeir Jan 6 '11 at 15:20
_USER_: That's why you want to quotemeta the substring to search for instead. See my answer. – Platinum Azure Jan 6 '11 at 15:28
Whoops, yeah, my bad. – Hugmeir Jan 6 '11 at 15:31
As guys already written you can use quotemeta (\Q \E) if you Perl is 5.16+ but if below you can simply avoid using regexp at all.
for example by using index command
if (index($text_to_search, $search_string) > -1){
 print "wee";
share|improve this answer
Your Answer


text: HEADS-Headborne Energy Analysis and Diagnostic System Photo tab Video tab HEADS - Headborne Energy Analysis and Diagnostic System &file=" /> HEADS Brain Injury Fair on Capital Hill 2013 The Headborne Energy Analysis and Diagnostic System records the severity of impacts to the head during a blast or explosion. The Headborne Energy Analysis and Diagnostic System, or more commonly referred to as HEADS, is a small sensor mounted inside a combat helmet that records the severity of blasts and other impacts to the head during an explosion. The HEADS sensor provides Soldiers and medical professionals alike with an effective tool to help identify Soldiers who may have combat-related head and brain injuries. The HEADS sensor is small enough to fit inside the palm of a person's hand and is mounted beneath the helmet pads of most combat helmets. Once secured and armed, the sensor continuously measures and collects critical and potential life-saving data, including impact location, magnitude, duration, blast pressures, angular and linear accelerations as well as the exact times of single or multiple blast events. The HEADS sensors are designed to only record data exceeding a threshold predetermined by the customer - what might occur with an impulse from a head impact or from a roadside bomb blast, for example. Once that threshold is reached, a visual LED display on the sensor is triggered, alerting the Soldier of a potential head injury. The data within the sensor is easily downloaded via a USB device or summary data through a wireless connection. This is an extremely valuable solution for data download. Antennas can readily scan all available HEADS sensors in a Forward Operating Base and send the data to a computer, identifying any Soldier who may have been involved in a blast or explosion, triggering the sensor. Currently, over 50,000 HEADS sensors have been delivered to the U.S. Army.


Infoscience
Report
MLP-based Log Spectral Energy Mapping for Robust Overlapping Speech Recognition
This paper investigates a multilayer perceptron (MLP) based acoustic feature mapping to extract robust features for automatic speech recognition (ASR) of overlapping speech. The MLP is trained to learn the mapping from log mel filter bank energies (MFBEs) extracted from the distant microphone recordings, including multiple overlapping speakers, to log MFBEs extracted from the clean speech signal. The outputs of the MLP are then used to generate mel filterbank cepstral coefficient (MFCC) acoustic features, that are subsequently used in acoustic model adaptation and system evaluation. The proposed approach is evaluated through extensive studies on the MONC corpus, which includes both non-overlapping single speaker and overlapping multi-speaker conditions. We demonstrate that by learning the mapping between log MFBEs extracted from noisy and clean signals the performance of ASR system can be significantly improved in overlapping multi-speaker condition compared a conventional delay-sum beamforming approach, while keeping the performance of the system on single non-overlapping speaker condition intact.
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Backing Up Your Skills
With the summer of the single happening, you will want to get as proficient as you can as quickly as you can. You need to have a good handle on boat maneuvering and blade work if you plan to put in meters of sculling.
Perfecting your backing will give you the biggest bang for your buck in terms of boosting your skills. If you get stuck in the bushes on shore, moving your shell sternward is essential for getting you out of the predicament. Besides safety, backing allows you to practice proper blade depth, keeping your handles moving on a level plane, making subtle steering adjustments and to feather-squaring or reverse feather-squaring.
By taking a backing stroke, then letting your blade gather pressure, you can learn the feeling of a set blade at the beginning of the drive. By watching how you back your boat down, a coach can quickly assess your sculling skills.
Practice first with your port oar so you move only in a circle. Keep the starboard oar flat on the water and keep the boat set. With the handle near your body at the release position, square your blade in the water and keep the blade in the same position you would while rowing. Push the handle away from you toward the stern. Then, as you release the blade, feather forward so the scoop faces down and you can slide the tip of the blades across the water to return the handle to your body. Practice with each oar, then both together. Begin with your arms and body only, then gradually build up the slide length as you get comfortable taking longer backing strokes.
Marlene Royle is the author of Faster Masters and Tip of the Blade: Notes on Rowing. She specializes in training masters rowers, and her coaching service, Roylerow Performance Training Programs, provides the expertise and support to improve your competitive edge. For information, email Marlene at or visit
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IMAPIProp::SaveChanges
Last modified: July 23, 2011
Applies to: Outlook
Makes permanent any changes that were made to an object since the last save operation.
HRESULT SaveChanges(
 ULONG ulFlags
);
ulFlags
[in] A bitmask of flags that controls what happens to the object when the IMAPIProp::SaveChanges method is called. The following flags can be set:
NON_EMS_XP_SAVE
Indicates that the message has not been delivered from a Exchange Server. This flag should be used in combination with the IMAPIFolder::CreateMessage method and the ITEMPROC_FORCE flag to indicate to a PST store that the message is eligible for rules processing before the Personal Folders file (PST) store notifies any listening client that the message has arrived. This rules processing only applies to new messages that are created with IMAPIFolder::CreateMessage on a server that is not an Exchange Server, in which case the Exchange Server would have already processed rules on the message.
FORCE_SAVE
Changes should be written to the object, overriding any previous changes that were made to the object, and the object should be closed. Read/write permission must be set for the operation to succeed. The FORCE_SAVE flag is used after a previous call to SaveChanges returned MAPI_E_OBJECT_CHANGED.
KEEP_OPEN_READONLY
Changes should be committed and the object should be kept open for reading. No additional changes will be made.
KEEP_OPEN_READWRITE
Changes should be committed and the object should be kept open for read/write permission. This flag is usually set when the object was first opened for read/write permission. Subsequent changes to the object are allowed.
MAPI_DEFERRED_ERRORS
Allows SaveChanges to return successfully, possibly before the changes have been fully committed.
SPAMFILTER_ONSAVE
Enables spam filtering on a message that is being saved. Spam filtering support is available only if the sender's e-mail address type is Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP), and the message is being saved to a store for a Personal Folders file (PST).
S_OK
The commitment of changes was successful.
MAPI_E_NO_ACCESS
SaveChanges cannot keep the object open for read-only permission if KEEP_OPEN_READONLY is set, or read/write permission if KEEP_OPEN_READWRITE is set. No changes are committed.
MAPI_E_OBJECT_CHANGED
The object has changed since it was opened.
MAPI_E_OBJECT_DELETED
The object has been deleted since it was opened.
The IMAPIProp::SaveChanges method makes property changes permanent for objects that support the transaction model of processing, such as messages, attachments, address book containers, and messaging user objects. Objects that do not support transactions, such as folders, message stores, and profile sections, make changes permanent immediately. No call to SaveChanges is required.
Because service providers do not have to generate an entry identifier for their objects until all properties have been saved, an object's PR_ENTRYID (PidTagEntryId) property might not be available until after its SaveChanges method has been called. Some providers wait until the KEEP_OPEN_READONLY flag is set on the SaveChanges call. KEEP_OPEN_READONLY indicates that the changes to be saved in the current call will be the last changes that will be made on the object.
Some message store implementations do not show newly created messages in a folder until a client saves the message changes by using SaveChanges and releases the message objects by using the IUnknown::Release method. In addition, some object implementations cannot generate a PR_ENTRYID property for a newly created object until after SaveChanges has been called, and some can do so only after SaveChanges has been called by using KEEP_OPEN_READONLY set in ulFlags.
If you receive the KEEP_OPEN_READONLY flag, you have the option of leaving the object's access as read/write. However, a provider can never leave an object in a read-only state when the KEEP_OPEN_READWRITE flag is passed.
When a client saves multiple attachments to multiple messages, it calls the SaveChanges method for every attachment and every message. Often clients will set MAPI_DEFERRED_ERRORS for each of these calls except for the last one. You can return errors either with the last call or earlier calls. You can even ignore the flag.
If either KEEP_OPEN_READWRITE or KEEP_OPEN_READONLY is set together with MAPI_DEFERRED_ERRORS, you can ignore the error deferment request. If MAPI_DEFERRED_ERRORS is not set in ulFlags, one of the previously deferred errors can be returned for the SaveChanges call.
Whether a remote transport provider provides a functional implementation of this method is optional and depends on other design choices in your implementation. If you implement this method, do so according to the documentation here. Because folder objects and status objects are not transacted, at a minimum a remote transport provider's implementation of SaveChanges must return S_OK without actually doing any work.
If a client passes KEEP_OPEN_READONLY, calls the IMAPIProp::SetProps method, and then calls SaveChanges again, the same implementation might fail.
After receiving MAPI_E_NO_ACCESS from a call in which you set KEEP_OPEN_READWRITE, you will continue to have read/write permission to the object. You can call SaveChanges again, passing either the KEEP_OPEN_READONLY flag or no flags with KEEP_OPEN_SUFFIX.
Whether a provider supports the KEEP_OPEN_READWRITE flag depends on the provider's implementation.
To indicate that the only call to be made on the object after SaveChanges is IUnknown::Release, set no flags for the ulFlags parameter. An error from SaveChanges indicates that it could not make the pending changes permanent. Different providers handle the absence of flags on the SaveChanges call differently. Some providers treat this state the same as KEEP_OPEN_READONLY; other providers interpret it the same as KEEP_OPEN_READWRITE. Still other providers shut down the object when they do not receive flags on the SaveChanges call.
Some properties, typically computed properties, cannot be processed until you call SaveChanges and, in some cases, Release.
When you make bulk changes, such as saving attachments to multiple messages, defer error processing by setting the MAPI_DEFERRED_ERRORS flag in ulFlags. If you save multiple attachments to multiple messages, make one SaveChanges call to each attachment and one SaveChanges call to each message. Set the MAPI_DEFERRED_ERRORS flag for each attachment call and for all messages except for the last one.
If SaveChanges returns MAPI_E_OBJECT_CHANGED, check whether the original object has been modified. If so, warn the user, who can either request that the changes overwrite the previous changes or save the object elsewhere. If the original object has been deleted, warn the user to give them the opportunity to save the object in another location.
You cannot call SaveChanges with the FORCE_SAVE flag on an open object that has been deleted.
If SaveChanges returns an error, the object whose changes were to be saved remains open, regardless of the flags set in the ulFlags parameter.
Important note Important
The ulFlags NON_EMS_XP_SAVE and SPAMFILTER_ONSAVE might not be defined in the downloadable header file you currently have, in which case you can add it to your code using the following values:
#define SPAMFILTER_ONSAVE ((ULONG) 0x00000080)
#define NON_EMS_XP_SAVE ((ULONG) 0x00001000)
For more information, see Saving MAPI Properties.
Show:
© 2014 Microsoft


Take the 2-minute tour ×
If I play a dwarf wizard, does he have both Wizard weapon proficiencies (e.g. daggers) as well as Dwarf weapon proficiencies (e.g. battleaxes)?
share|improve this question
1 Answer 1
up vote 13 down vote accepted
Yes, the Dwarf Gains Proficiency with Dwarf Weapons and Wizard Weapons.
Unless traded for an alternate racial trait, the dwarf gains the Weapon Familiarity offense racial trait, which reads
This doesn't alter or replace the weapon proficiencies granted from taking a level in the wizard class. As such the typical dwarf wizard is proficient with the battleaxe, heavy pick, and warhammer because the character's a dwarf and the club, dagger, heavy crossbow, light crossbow, and quarterstaff if he's a typical wizard. The typical wizard doesn't gain proficiency with any martial weapons, so the latter part of the Weapon Familiarity racial trait is unaffected.
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Your Answer


text:
Inferring Multilateral Peering
The AS topology incompleteness problem is derived from difficulties in the discovery of p2p links, and is amplified by the increasing popularity of Internet eXchange Points (IXPs) to support peering interconnection. We describe, implement, and validate a method for discovering currently invisible IXP peering links by mining BGP communities used by IXP route servers to implement multilateral peering (MLP), including communities that signal the intent to restrict announcements to a subset of participants at a given IXP. Using route server data juxtaposed with a mapping of BGP community values, we can infer 206K p2p links from 13 large European IXPs, four times more p2p links than what is directly observable in public BGP data. The advantages of the proposed technique are threefold. First, it utilizes existing BGP data sources and does not require the deployment of additional vantage points nor the acquisition of private data. Second, it requires only a few active queries, facilitating repeatability of the measurements. Finally, it offers a new source of data regarding the dense establishment of MLP at IXPs.


text:
Saturday, 1 February 1997
Why don't penguins' feet freeze?
Why do Antarctic penguins' feet not freeze in winter when they are in constant contact with the ice and snow? Years ago I heard on the radio that scientists had discovered that penguins had colateral circulation in their feet that prevented them from freezing but I have seen no further information or explanation of this. Despite asking scientists studying penguins about this, none could give an answer.
Susan Pate, Enoggera, Queensland

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
MAXIMUM ROTATION RATE: Each electrode tip model used with the Pine Research MSR Rotator has a maximum rotation rate. Do not the exceed maximum rotation rate when working with rotating electrodes.
The Pine Research MSR Rotator is the most popular rotating electrode configuration worldwide. This flexible electrochemical instrument may be used with Rotating Disk Electrodes (RDE), Rotating Ring-Disk Electrodes (RRDE), and Rotating Cylinder Electrodes (RCE). The MSR Rotator bears both the CE and ETL marks and is compatible with most international power configuration standards.
The rotation rate of the electrode may be adjusted using a control knob on the front panel of the motor control unit, or alternately, the rotation rate can be controlled via an analog control signal provided by a potentiostat or by a third-party waveform generator. The rotation rate may be viewed using the LCD display on the front panel. The rotation rate is adjustable over a range from 50 to 10,000 RPM and is accurate to within 1% of the reading on the display. A rotation rate may also be monitored via an output signal proportional to the rotation rate which is available on the front panel.
The rotation rate may be controlled and modulated by a sine wave, square wave, or other externally generated waveform. The outstanding acceleration characteristics of the motor and its control circuitry allow the rotation rate to follow the control waveform with very little error. This feature is particularly desirable for techniques such as Hydrodynamic Modulation Voltammetry (HMV) .
The rotator motor position is easily raised or lowered with respect to the cell platform, making immersion or removal of the rotating electrode tip quick and easy. The enclosure base is made from chemically resistant polypropylene, and the large enclosure window provides a good view of rotating electrode during operation. (A smaller base is available separately for using the rotator in a glove box or fume hood.)
Electrode connections are made to the rotating shaft using silver-carbon brushes. There are two contacts – the red is for the disk, and the blue is for the ring.
Visit our YouTube channel for helpful instructional videos regarding the use and maintenance of this and many other Pine Research products.


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Boulder Lake Lodge Activities
The Wind River Range is truly one of the last primitive frontiers in the nation. There are guided float trips down the Green or North Fork Rivers to scenic hikes from the lodge, or take a wilderness pack trip into the high country.
Boulder Lake Lodge has been catering to our outdoor guests pleasures since the late 1800's. It's truly a memorable vacation the whole family will enjoy.
Hook A Dream CatchWIND RIVER COUNTRY FISHING
World Class Angling in a World Class Setting
Finis Mitchell operated one of the first, if not the first, fishing camp in the Western Rocky Mountains in the 1930's. Historically the many lakes of the Wind River Mountain Range did not contain fish but did have the perfect habitat of clean cool water and insect and plant life to support fish.
Finis Mitchell and his brother personally stocked the Wind River Mountain lakes with trout, in some lakes he chose Browns, some Brook, some Rainbows as he packed them in old 40 gallon milk jugs stopping to hand aerate the water as he packed into the many lakes of the Wind River Range. Thus began the fishing paradise of Boulder Lake Lodge. The habitat was fantastic and the fish grew quickly in size and population from this modest beginning.
Now of course planting fish is strictly forbidden and illegal and the professionals at Wyoming Game and Fish use more modern equipment like helicopters to transplant fish as biological needs dictate. Golden trout are also planted in some lakes and while a little more finicky to catch offer another unique fishing opportunity.
Boulder Lake is famous for it's lake trout with many huge lunkers caught here. Trolling from boat is the most productive way to catch these monsters. Boulder Lake also offers shoreline fishing which has all species of trout.
Fishing days are achievable in the remote waters, accessible only by horseback and by foot. Almost all streams run into or out of great fishing lakes for combination lake and stream fishing. For instance, great fishing can be found between the outlet of Lake Victor and the inlet of North Fork Lake.
Boulder Creek is just a few hundred feet from the lodge itself. The creek offers good fishing by horseback or hiking up the canyon. You can also fish Boulder Creek below the dam outlet which is on BLM property and just a few minutes drive from the lodge. Take a drift boat or float tube down the famous Green or New Fork Rivers.
The Green River is often called the headwaters of the west. It's headwaters form the Colorado River many miles downstream.
Famous Local fish include : Cutthroat- native fish, Brook, Brown, Rainbow, Golden, Kokanee, and Cutt-Bow Hybrid (cross between rainbow and native cutthroat's).
Wilderness fishing/pack trips (full service)
2-3 people $325.00
4 or more $275.00
There may be an additional surcharge for distance and time.
Discover the Wind River BackcountryHORSE BACK RIDING
Experience the Trail from a Whole New Point of View
This is a great way to introduce your children, parents, and friends to the magnificence of the great outdoors. You will ride through some of the most pristine areas available with the cleanest air in the country (Fact: it's designated a Class 1 air shed). The crystal clear lakes, mountain streams, glaciers, and wild flowers, form a kaleidoscope of shapes and colors set amongst surrounding peaks. This gives you the freedom from modern stresses and is best enjoyed on the back of a horse for a true outdoor adventure. With 1300 named lakes and miles of creeks, rivers, and streams, it's truly a fishing paradise.
full day $125.00
There may be an additional surcharge for distance and time.
Backpack in StyleWIND RIVER DROP CAMPS
You Enjoy the Trail. Let Us Worry About Logistics.
We can pack you and your gear to the location of your choice or we can recommend great locations to meet your needs for solitude, scenery, wildlife, and fishing. You can ride our gentle mountain horses or hike in and meet us at a prearranged location.
Each pack animal can carry 140 pounds of load, saving you the back breaking work of carrying your gear.
You can bring the essentials for comfortable camping in the Wilderness! You provide all the gear and food for your trip & we provide the transportation. We also offer fully furnished trips with horses that stay with you, deluxe camps, cook and excellent backcountry meals, wranglers….all you do is show up!
Bookings available upon 2016 Forest Service permits.
Hot Showers, Warm Meals, Wilderness Trails BACKPACKING the WINDS
Make Boulder Lake Lodge Your Wind River Backpacking Headquarters.
If backpacking is your passion, then Boulder, WY is your destination. From the crystal clear alpine lakes, to the breathtaking 360 degree views, this country will keep you coming back for more. There is world class fishing, plush mountain meadows and evergreen forests that will take your breath away. We are a few miles from the Continental Divide Trail, the Highline Trail, and the Fremont Trail.
Boulder Lake Lodge can provide you a one stop destination that offers you lodging, food, transportation to another trail head (via horse or vehicle), or we can meet you at a designated site for a re-supply on your trek across the Wind River Mountains. The Boulder Creek Trail Head is just a few hundred yards from the Lodge. Here you can spend a night, get a warm meal, hot shower, clean laundry, and a good night sleep in a comfortable bed and then set out the next day on the second half of your adventure.
Boulder Lake Lodge is located in a pristine location to accommodate those who love to backpack, and we would be happy to help make your trip an adventure to remember.
Rustic Charm, Western Elegance WEDDINGS & SPECIAL EVENTS
A Wyoming Wedding Destination at Boulder Lake Lodge
Imagine the perfect setting for your wedding with a fully immersive time surrounded by your families and friends. Boulder Lake Lodge can provide the ultimate ranch/western style, secluded mountain wedding in a remote setting with comfortable accommodations, custom catering, and full service bar.
Guests can enjoy all of the ranch activities. From fly fishing outings to horseback rides, lake fishing and swimming, there is something for every generation to enjoy.
Our base package includes
- The Lodge
- 10 Rooms
- 2 Meals (buffet style) and all linens (white), tables and chairs for up to 50 people
- Cash bar
- For an additional charge, we can provide an officiant, DJ, and the honeymoon cabin.


Stud definition lgbt
What does stud mean slang?
What does it mean when a girl is a stud?
A consensus appeared to exist that "studs" are those assigned female at birth who wear "male" clothing and are more generally masculine than other individuals assigned female at birth.
What does stem stand for Lgbtq?
Sandra is one of 55 STEM (science, technology, engineering, and math) workers—including faculty members, students, and staff—who were interviewed for a study about what it's like to identify as LGBTQ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer) in STEM.
What is a FEM LGBT?
Fem/Femme/Feminine/Fem of Center – set of attributes, society's expectations behavior that are typically associated with women or girls. Gender Non-Conforming – refers to people who do not follow other society's ideals or stereotypes about how they should look or act based on the sex assigned at birth.
What does stud earrings mean?
noun. The definition of a stud earring is a small piece of jewelry that is worn through a small hole in the earlobe. An example of a stud earring is a small diamond set in gold and worn in the earlobe.
What is stud dog?
A stud animal is a registered animal retained for breeding. The terms for the male of a given animal species (stallion, bull, rooster, etc.) usually imply that the animal is intact—that is, not castrated—and therefore capable of siring offspring.
What do Boi mean?
You might be interested: Lgbt savannah ga
What do you call a female bromance?
A womance is a close but non-sexual, non-romantic relationship between two or more women. … The emergence of the terms bromance and womance has been seen as reflecting increased relationship-seeking as a modern behavior.
What does it mean to YEET?
What does the R stand for in Lgbtq?
lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender
What does a stem do?
Stems are usually above ground, although the stems of some plants, such as the potato, also grow underground. Stems may be herbaceous (soft) or woody in nature. Their main function is to provide support to the plant, holding leaves, flowers, and buds; in some cases, stems also store food for the plant.
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How do we write a descriptive poem?
Use your vocabulary from yesterday to put together a descriptive poem about Mexico. Use the structure that you have been given and construct a poem of about four stanzas. Feel free to add in some alliteration and some rhyme if you feel that you need to although this is not a rhyming poem. You might want to illustrate your poem or write a different style of poem afterwards. Then use your sketches of stelae from yesterday and turn them into models using salt dough. Don't forget to pop them in the oven to bake and voila you have your very own model stelae. Don't forget to have fun and send in lots of pictures!


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Issue No.03 - March (2005 vol.54)
pp: 347-361
Tom? Lang , IEEE Computer Society
ABSTRACT
Graphics processors require strong arithmetic support to perform computational kernels over data streams. Because of the current implementation using the basic arithmetic operations, the algorithms are given in algebraic terms. However, since the operations are really of a geometric nature, it seems to us that more flexibility in the implementation is obtained if the description is given in a high-level geometrical form. As a consequence of this line of thought, this paper is an attempt to reconsider some kernels in a graphics processor to obtain implementations that are potentially more scalable than just replicating the modules used in conventional implementations. In this work, we present the formulation of representative 3D computer graphics operations in terms of CORDIC-type primitives. Then, we briefly outline a stream processor based on CORDIC-type modules to efficiently implement these graphic operations. We perform a rough comparison with current implementations and conclude that the CORDIC-based alternative might be attractive.
INDEX TERMS
CORDIC, 3D rotations, vector normalization, geometry transforms, graphics processor.
CITATION
Tom? Lang, "High-Throughput CORDIC-Based Geometry Operations for 3D Computer Graphics", IEEE Transactions on Computers, vol.54, no. 3, pp. 347-361, March 2005, doi:10.1109/TC.2005.53
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Groundwater Resources Studies of the Rub' Al Khali Desert
Start / Referenzen / Groundwater Resources Studies of the Rub' Al Khali Desert
Ministry of Environment, Water & Agriculture (MEWA), UAE
Saudi Arabia Rub al-Chali
2010 – 2018
The project focuses on the assessment of the groundwater resources in the Rub' Al Khali Desert in Saudi Arabia, including the development of a regional water management plan.
The assessment of water quality and total groundwater instorage is a major task of this study.
For elaboration of comprehensive information about the natural groundwater related conditions (geology, meteorology, hydrology, hydrogeology), deep exploration and observation wells have been drilled, the deepest in the center of Rub' Al Khali desert, 2,625m deep into Wasia aquifer.
The project revealed information on additional freshwater resources updating the Kingdom's long-term water resources management plan.
Our Services at a glance
Fieldsurveys and investigations
Groundwatersampling and analyses
Geologicalfield survey and update of geological model
Drillingof observation and water production wells
Developmentof a state-of-the-art groundwater model (appr. 400,000 km2)
Geophysical field investigations
Planningof groundwater monitoring network
Assessmentof groundwater budget of the aquifer system.
Developmentof an Integrated Water Resources Management Plan.


What is 2kool4skool?
A variation of 2cool4u. When someone acts like s/he is "too cool" for something/under a high-pressure situation, not necessarily school per se, but something deemed to be of importance, such as relationship, work, family, or even YOU.
Girl: I graduated from Y School! Are you an alum too?
Boy: I went to X School, then Y School, cuz I didn't feel like finishing my degree at X.. Then I transfered to Z School.. Can't remember anymore. Anyway, does it matter?
*Boy lights a cigarette*
*Girl whispers to friend (Hel-lo Mr. 2kool4skool!)*
See cool, asshole, friends, bitch, 2cool4u, l337
Random Words:
1. this word refer to a person that enjoy the sex with animals in this case the person prefers sex with baboons only, this person is a sick..
1. This word embodies a noun usage when one does not feel like using an objects official name due to laziness, forgetfulness, or when the i..
1. Used as a substitute for that's what she said/that's what he said in certain instances: 1. You are alone, talking to yourself..


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Who would've thought the name of the Alfa Romeo 4C Spider originates in the good old-fashioned horse and carriage? That's humorous, considering that today this sporty vehicle stands for speed on the road. (It's also funny to compare the name of our beloved sports car to a little black creature with eight legs.) But yes, way back in the nineteenth century, a horse suitable for traveling the road (as opposed to working in the fields) was called a roadster. By the end of the century, "roadster" could also mean a roadworthy bicycle or tricycle. By 1916, however, the Society of Automobile Engineers defined a roadster as an open car that could seat two or three people, with additional seating sometimes made available on running boards or a rear deck.
So where does "Spider" come in? Well, sometimes roadsters were called broughams (based on horse-drawn carriages that had a roof and an open seat up front for the driver), or phaetons (based on Phaeton, the name of a horse in Greek mythology). Wow, that's going way back. When people began to crave more and more speed on the road, however, manufacturers began to produce the spyder phaeton, a lighter version of the phaeton. Ah ha! We're almost there. Some investigators believe that the name spyder, which eventually became spider, refers to the new, lighter spyder carriage with its narrower, spindly wheels that resemble the web of a spider. Other writers, however, refer to the Italian pronunciation of the word
Some investigators believe that the name spyder, which eventually became spider, refers to the new, lighter spyder carriage with its narrower, spindly wheels that resemble the web of a spider. Other writers, however, refer to the Italian pronunciation of the word spider, which would be "speeder." And yes, the Alfa Rome Spider is a speedy little race car that could be called a speeder!
Alfa Romeo of Winter Haven realizes that we might never know the origin of the name for sure. But we do know that we love all Alfistis – those who love the Alfa Romeo brand. If you've been dreaming of a new Alfa Romeo cars such as the Alfa Romeo 4C Spider, then come to your Alfa Romeo dealership at 190 Avenue K SW in Winter Haven, FL, Monday-Thursday, 9:00 am-7:00 pm or Friday-Saturday 9:00-6:00. We'd love to talk spider.


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What You Need:
- Square wooden picture frame about 6"-9" square
- 4 skeins of rug-weight yarn (use different colors for a pattern)
What You Do:
- Prepare the picture frame. Before the child gets started, remove staples and hanging hardware with a pair of needle nose pliers. Learn and practice the corner wrap a few times yourself. Work with the frame in your lap, not flat on a table.
- Tie the yarn to the frame loosely. Stretch the yarn to the opposite side of the frame and follow the diagrams for making one corner "bout". Point out to your child that the over-and-under technique is like weaving on a loom. The yarn moves over and under the frame.
- After demonstrating the first bout, stretch the yarn to the opposite side. Show your child how to turn the frame so the wrapping corner stays at upper right (or left if you are left-handed.) Pull yarn just tight enough to keep it from sagging and hold it against the frame with a fingertip to keep it place. Then turn the frame so the working corner is on top again.
- Invite your child to take over with the bout for the second corner and so on. Mention that you practiced and offer to help if needed. Four bouts (one in each corner) is a full "course" that should bring the yarn back to the starting corner. If not, help your child unravel the corners and try again.
- After laying one course correctly, begin the next with the yarn snug against the previous course. Once the hands "get it," your child will simply repeat the wrap, changing colors to make stripes -- the frame practically fills itself.
- Once 1/4 of the frame edge is filled, children can stop any time (or go on to fill the whole frame.) Attach a mirror by tucking each corner beneath a wide section of yarn. Postcards and photos can be placed the same way.
Frame Caning Tips: - Decide which side is the back. When you need to change colors or move to another ball of yarn, tie the ends together on the back side. - The yarn around the frame tends to spread out more than the yarn within the frame. Push the loops around the frame gently toward the corner every so often to keep the courses (and your color stripes) straight.


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This details about a scenario in Dynamics CRM 2013 with an import of an organisation failing due to duplicate user names.
There are at least two trusted Domains (e.g. Domain1 and Domain2). Once in a while it may become necessary that a user is moved into a new Domain (e.g. for a new Job). In this case the user domain1\username is disabled in domain1 and created as domain2\username in domain2. Please note that both times the very same username is taken for that user. As a consequence, the same will be done in CRM: domain1\username will be disabled and a new user domain2\username will be enabled.
You would import the org with these two duplicate usernames (one is disabled) and log on to CRM 2013 after this Import
The users are unable to log on to CRM.
These error messages are thrown:
Error message 1: "Business Management Error" "The user ID associated with the current record is not valid".
Error message 2: "No Microsoft Dynamics CRM user exists with the specified domain name and user ID".
In the import log you may find these warnings:
Warning| The following mappings were not valid because these crm users are mapped to AD users that are mapped multiple times: (Domain1\username, Domain2\username),
When CRM maps the user to AD user, the disabled user will show up before the active user in the list most of the times. When that occurs, we will always map to the disabled user instead of the active user.
When CRM moves on to the next mapping, which is the Domain2\username, this fails because AD account Domain2\username is already mapped to the disabled CRM user account that was previously mapped to Domain1\username, and we cannot have a valid AD account mapped to multiple CRM users in one organization.
This is working as design as this part of the code is also used elsewhere.
1) Do not create a separate new CRM user but remap the AD Account of existing user
You may correct the problem also later on in this way:
1. Create two dummy users in AD: domain2\Dummy1 and domain2\Dummy2
2. Map active CRM user Testuser to dummy domain2\Dummy1
3. Enable the disabled user entry in CRM
4. Map this CRM user to domain2\Dummy2
5. Disable this user again
6. Map the active CRM user (beneath 2) back to the "real" ADUser"
2) The best option is to create a mapping file and maintain that file for this and any other affected organizations. You can get a good start on the mapping file simply by selecting the records from the SystemUserBase table and then altering the results as needed. This will ensure definitive mapping for the user accounts. Also, once the mapping file is created, using it during the import process is nearly as simple as using Automatic Mapping.
Note: Always ensure you have a recent backup of the CRM database before any changes in SQL.
In order to create a mapping file via SQL select from System user base, you may go through these steps:
1. Create and Copy the XML file to the CRM Server that you will be importing the Organization from:
2. Open the XML file and update the line so that the old and new values are correctly populated for the NETBIOS domain names.
3. Run the following script against the SystemUserBase table in the ORG_MSCRM database. This will select all active users.
DECLARE _USER_ varchar(20)
-- _USER_ variable should be updated to reflect the new domain name.
SET _USER_ = 'NewDomainName'
Select '' from [SystemUserBase] where IsDisabled = 0
4. Copy all of the results and paste into the UserMappingFileBase.xml file in between the MappingConfiguration tags.
5. Save the XML file and use it during the Import Org process.
EMEA Dynamics CRM Support Team
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Help & Support » Guides » User Guide » Activities & Tasks » Tasks » Using Checklists
Using Checklists
Task management slowing you down?
Checklists for your Tasks
When creating a task in Accelo, you may want to cleanly lay out all of the key to-do items to ensure the task is completed properly.
Using the Checklist feature, these key to-dos can be easily listed, marked and tracked to ensure your tasks stay on track. When a checklist item is marked as completed, Accelo will record which user completed it.
Using this guide, you can:
Adding a Checklist when Creating Tasks
 1. On the task creation dialog box, scroll down to the Checklist option. To add an item, click Add Item.
 Checklist Create a Task 3
 2. To add a checklist item, type the item name in the Enter an item name field. Hit Enter when complete.
 3. When the checklist has been created, click OK to finish creating the task.
Adding Checklists to Pre-Existing Tasks
 1. Navigate to a task in Accelo. Click on the task to open the Task Details dialog box.
 2. On the right side of the dialog box, you will find the Checklists section.
 Activity Card 2
 3. To add items to the checklist, type the item name in the Enter an item name field.
 4. To save the checklist, click the Save checklist button.
 Save Checklist button3
 5. To remove a checklist item, click the X on the right side of the item name.
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WORLD on Campus
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Entertainment & the Arts | November 30, 2012
By ear
Entertainment & the Arts
Music from centuries past finds a devotee in blind Gordon College violinist
Albano Berberi (Courtesy photo)
Dr. Michael Monroe watched Albano Berberi tune a harpsichord that had languished in storage until the student's arrival at Gordon College. Berberi's passion for centuries old music and the instruments that produce it intrigued the professor. And Berberi's ability to navigate the labyrinthine innards of the arcane keyboard, despite being blind, inspired him.
Born with Leber Congenital Amarosis, Berberi, 22, has been blind from birth although he has some light and general color perception. And as is often the case when one sense is incapacitated, another over compensates for the loss.
Berberi's hearing is deftly acute. And it enables him to do things most people might think impossible for someone who cannot see. He is adept at playing video games, having discovered characters' actions have corresponding audio cues. But his ability to learn music by ear goes beyond the natural talent he shares with many musicians. His professors describe his ability as "intuitive."
Berberi transferred to Gordon College in Wenham, Mass., after a difficult semester at Wheaton College in Norton, Mass., left him on academic probation at the end of 2009. Remembering Gordon's aggressive recruiting campaign, Berberi contacted the school at the end of the winter break. Five days later he was enrolled, and three days after arriving on campus, he received his audio books. His new roommate, also blind, knew the campus well and introduced Berberi to his new surroundings.
"I had a string of good luck that made me wonder if it was luck or divine intervention," Berberi said.
Berberi arrived at Gordon, an evangelical Christian college, in the spring of 2010 seeking a music performance degree. After coming to campus, Berberi "rediscovered Christianity" and now appreciates the role faith plays in campus life. It creates a sense of community he had not experienced anywhere else. Instructors, who understand music as a gift from God, encourage students to explore their musicality, finding the best way to give back to God what he has created. The artistic freedom in that ethos offered relief from the intense pressure he felt at Wheaton and has nurtured his lifelong affinity for music, Berberi said.
Although blind, Berberi has played a musical instrument longer than he can remember. When his family still lived in Albania, 6-month-old Berberi began playing the keyboard. It wasn't Mozart, but his father told him he played the notes sequentially. At 18 months, he reproduced the music demonstration tape that came with the keyboard.
When he was a year old, the family moved to Greece, where he continued playing keyboard until his kindergarten teacher decided to introduced him to another instrument. They first tried the recorder during a trip to a music conservatory. But he found it "rather boring," and the two continued their tour of the facility in search of an instrument to pique his interest. A musician taking a break from rehearsals handed the young boy his violin. The instrument, built for an adult not a 5-year-old, hardly nestled under his chin. But it proved a perfect fit.
"It can be the sweetest thing or angry," Berberi said. "It's just a very expressive instrument."
Berberi uses his musical talents to express what one professor called the "ambiguity and beauty of the art." In addition to his skills as a violinist, Berberi has a passion for the harpsichord. Gordon had three idle instruments before Berberi learned of their existence. As a result of a deal brokered with the music department, one now sits in Berberi's room in exchange for his skills in maintaining and tuning it.
The harpsichord, a precursor to the piano that rose and fell in popularity between 1450 and 1800, pairs nicely with the 200-year-old violin Berberi procured in a trade with a former professor. The antique gets its organic resonance from sheep-gut strings instead of the contemporary steel, he said.
Berberi's love of Baroque music makes sense of his appreciation for the older instruments and the sounds they produce. He reproduces that sound in the music he composes and records. One ensemble piece is a multi-track recording featuring Berberi performing all of the parts.
"If you had told me it was a piece by Haydn, I would have believed it," Monroe said recalling one of Berberi's compositions. Playing his own music as a soloist negates the necessity for a conductor, but performing with an orchestra requires direction Berberi cannot see. He depends on the rhythm of the music and the skill of violinists beside him to learn the music and anticipate the conductor's cues.
"I'm a conductor's worst nightmare because, I guess, I don't need them," he quipped.
But his goal as a musician does not depend on a conductor. Berberi hopes to share his passion for Baroque music and the instruments on which it was originally played. He dreams of creating a small ensemble to travel the world and introduce audiences to "historically informed performance."
Before he can step out onto the international stage, Berberi realizes he has some difficult lessons to learn. Following graduation in May, Berberi plans to attend a school for the blind to better prepare him for an independent life. After that, he hopes to move to one of the world's most challenging environments - New York City and The Juilliard School.
Berberi's violin instructor, Dr. Susan Kim, said he found his niche in the Baroque genre and it may be to his advantage when he applies to Juilliard. The music conservatory recently developed a post-graduate degree program in historically informed performance. As a Julliard graduate, Kim admits to having some anxiety for her student. The world-renowned school is hyper-competitive and "cut-throat."
No matter where Berberi ends up next, Kim hopes he finds a place to use his gift of music to bless others.
"I know God has a certain place in mind for him," she said.


text:
The one sentence summary
Many organisations are caught up in a stupidity paradox: they employ smart people who end up doing stupid things.
- Why do smart people do stupid things at work? Welcome to the idea of functional stupidity. It can be catastrophic for companies, or just manifest itself in absurd everyday examples of idiotic, unsustainable management fads and daft working practices.
- And yet a dose of stupidity can be useful and produce good, short-term results, nurturing harmony, and encouraging people to get on with things without questioning everything.
- Functional stupidity has three main facets:
- Not thinking about your assumptions (absence of reflexivity)
- Not asking why you are doing something (justification)
- Not considering the consequences or wider meaning of your actions (substantive reasoning)
- There are five main types: Leadership-induced, Structure-induced, Imitation-induced, Branding-induced, and Culture-induced.
- Managers encourage it by using authority, seduction, naturalisation and opportunism. It helps to stamp out negative capability – the ability to tolerate ambiguity and work out how to resolve problems effectively.
- It can be solved by observing, interpreting, questioning. Try introducing reflective routines, devil's advocates, post-mortems, pre-mortems, the views of newcomers, outsiders and critics, and an anti-stupidity task force.
WHAT'S GOOD ABOUT IT
- Many people actually don't want to use their brains. One study showed that over 50% of people would rather give themselves electric shocks than sit and just think for 6 to 11 minutes.
- It's not imbeciles or bigots who do the most stupid things – you need to be relatively intelligent to be functionally stupid. Knowing too much can be frustrating and stressful – wilful ignorance is easier.
- The K word is the knowledge economy. Companies describe themselves as knowledge intensive to disguise the fact that the jobs are actually dull – it's just a confidence trick.
- Most jobs require less skill than the people doing them – automation has created a new generation of bullshit jobs, part of a new age of stupidity. This often involves skilled incompetence, in which supposed experts fall back into defensive routines to justify doing what they have always done.
- Meanwhile there has been a massive McDonaldisation of jobs – a huge increase in mindless, low paid work.
- When ex-Amazon employees move to other companies, they often take with them grindingly critical work practices, earning themselves the nickname 'Amholes'.
WHAT YOU HAVE TO WATCH
- Not much – it's well argued and suitably provocative.


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The 21st century has brought with it an eruption of technological innovations that have revolutionized multiple industrial sectors. One of these sectors, notably impacted, is that of scientific laboratories, where precision, efficiency, and reliability are key factors for success. In this scenario, the Kalstein Conductivity Meter emerges, a high-quality piece of laboratory equipment that represents a significant advantage for modern laboratories. As a leading manufacturer in the market, Kalstein offers equipment at a competitive price, facilitating the purchase and sale of this cutting-edge instrument.
The Conductivity Meter: A Key Tool
The Conductivity Meter is an essential tool for measuring the number of ions in a specific solution, allowing it to determine its conductivity. This measure is crucial in various areas of testing and analysis. Thus, the use of a high-precision Conductivity Meter not only increases the efficiency of laboratory processes, but also guarantees the accuracy of the results.
Moreover, Kalstein Conductivity Meters possess advanced features that make them extremely easy to use and maintain, further improving their cost effectiveness. _URL_
The Kalstein Advantage: Quality and Reliability
As a renowned laboratory equipment manufacturer, Kalstein is committed to providing superior products at affordable prices. Moreover, the buying and selling process is done transparently and efficiently, guaranteeing an excellent customer experience.
What distinguishes Kalstein is its attention to detail and the guarantee of rigorous quality control. Every Conductivity Meter produced by Kalstein goes through strict tests to ensure accuracy, stability, and long-term reliability.
An Investment Worth Making
Considering the crucial role laboratory equipment plays in scientific work, investing in a high-quality Conductivity Meter will always be a prudent decision.
In terms of price, Kalstein's products offer unmatched value. Therefore, if you are looking for a reliable manufacturer with fair prices that can facilitate the purchase and sale of laboratory equipment, Kalstein emerges as an exceptional choice.
Innovation that Will Drive the Future of Your Laboratory
The implementation of the Kalstein Conductivity Meter not only improves the efficiency and accuracy of your laboratory, but also positions your establishment at the forefront of technology.
By keeping up with the latest trends and technological innovations, your laboratory can ensure its relevance and competitiveness in an increasingly competitive field.
The Smartest Option: Choose Kalstein
Choosing a Kalstein Conductivity Meter puts your laboratory one step ahead in terms of efficiency, accuracy, and competitiveness. Not only do you get a superior piece of laboratory equipment at a competitive price, but you also benefit from a quick and easy buying and selling experience. Ultimately, choosing Kalstein is the smartest option for modern laboratories seeking to optimize their operations and increase their effectiveness. To know the high-end product catalog that we have for you at KALSTEIN visit us _URL_


Video encyclopedia
Selective soldering
113C - Selective Soldering
ACE KISS 104 Selective Soldering
Selective Soldering Process
Selective Soldering
ERSA VERSAFLOW 4 - Next Generation Selective Soldering System
Selective soldering is the process of selectively soldering components to printed circuit boards and molded modules that could be damaged by the heat of a reflow oven or wave soldering in a traditional surface-mount technology (SMT) or Through-hole technology assembly processes.This usually follows an SMT oven reflow process; parts to be selectively soldered are usually surrounded by parts that have been previously soldered in a surface-mount reflow process, and the selective-solder process must be sufficiently precise to avoid damaging them.
 - Processes


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Gaius Octavian (Rome Character)
Gaius Octavian is a character in the HBO/BBC2 original television series Rome, played by Max Pirkis as a child in season one and the beginning of season two, and in the rest of the second season he is played by Simon Woods. He is portrayed as a shrewd, if somewhat cold, young man, with an understanding of the world, people, philosophy, and politics that go well beyond his years. Despite this he is very power hungry and unaccomplished and uses the accomplishments of others that he is related to in order to further his political career. The basis for this character is the early life of Augustus, the first Roman Emperor.


text: Reedbeds are dominated by a small number of plant species, but are extremely valuable habitats for faunal biodiversity. However, reedbeds often exist in small patches distributed across landscapes and for most regions there is a lack of information about their location and condition. This paper investigates the potential of using LiDAR-derived elevation and intensity data to characterise reedbeds. A Leica ALS50 was used to acquire data for reedbeds during the leaf-off phenological period and the study site encompassed a wide range of canopy development. For reedbeds there was a lack of multiple LiDAR returns and ground returns, which limited the ability to acquire information on canopy structure or terrain elevation. Nevertheless, the first return LiDAR data was able to generate an accurate digital surface model and subsequent canopy height model, as validated using field measurements (RMSE 0.47 m; average difference 0.09 m (5% of average height)). LiDAR intensity data displayed specular reflection effects within reedbed areas, but off-nadir imagery was successfully used for mapping reedbeds, non-reedbed vegetation and water bodies.


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The following is a current list of all countries and territories I have visited, based on a definition of 'country' provided by the Traveler's Century Club (TCC). I use the TCC list as it includes areas such as Taiwan, Transnistria, Canary Islands, and other areas that are not technically countries, but are distinct in some way (the total TCC count is currently 327 countries.) In addition to the TCC numbers in the table below, I also indicate the overall totals as defined not just by TCC, but also by Montevideo Convention rules (Sovereign States) and then by actual voting members of the United Nations.
227 = TCC Countries visited
173 = Sovereign Nations visited as defined by the Montevideo Convention
164 = United Nation voting member states visited
Table of TCC Countries/Territories Visited w/ Year 1st Visited


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The vanity of the economist: A comment on Peart and Levy's the "Vanity of the Philosopher"
In the Vanity of the Philosopher, Sandra Peart and David Levy reconsider "postclassical" economics from the vantage point of Adam Smith's "analytical" egalitarianism. Analytical egalitarianism is assumed, not proved; and Peart and Levy's criticisms of many 19th- and early 20th-century economists, as well as eugenics in general, depend on equivocating between analytical and substantive egalitarianism. They fail to provide a non-question-begging critique of eugenics. © 2008 American Journal of Economics and Sociology, Inc.
Volume / Issue
Start / End Page
Electronic International Standard Serial Number (EISSN)
International Standard Serial Number (ISSN)
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)


Tuning the value of alpha in the alpha-regression {Compositional}R Documentation
Tuning the value of α in the α-regression
Description
Tuning the value of α in the α-regression.
Usage
alfareg.tune(y, x, a = seq(0.1, 1, by = 0.1), nfolds = 10,
folds = NULL, nc = 1, seed = FALSE, graph = FALSE)
Arguments
y
A matrix with compositional data. zero values are allowed.
x
A matrix with the continuous predictor variables or a data frame including categorical predictor variables.
a
The value of the power transformation, it has to be between -1 and 1. If zero values are present it has to be greater than 0. If α=0 the isometric log-ratio transformation is applied.
nfolds
The number of folds to split the data.
folds
If you have the list with the folds supply it here. You can also leave it NULL and it will create folds.
nc
The number of cores to use. IF you have a multicore computer it is advisable to use more than 1. It makes the procedure faster. It is advisable to use it if you have many observations and or many variables, otherwise it will slow down th process.
seed
If seed is TRUE the results will always be the same.
graph
If graph is TRUE a plot of the performance for each fold along the values of α will appear.
Details
The α-transformation is applied to the compositional data and the numerical optimisation is performed for the regression, unless α=0, where the coefficients are available in closed form.
Value
A plot of the estimated Kullback-Leibler divergences (multiplied by 2) along the values of α (if graph is set to TRUE). A list including:
runtime
The runtime required by the cross-validation.
kula
A matrix with twice the Kullback-Leibler divergence of the observed from the fitted values. Each row corresponds to a fold and each column to a value of α. The average over the columns equal the next argument, "kl".
kl
A vector with twice the Kullback-Leibler divergence of the observed from the fitted values. Every value corresponds to a value of α.
opt
The optimal value of α.
value
The minimum value of twice the Kullback-Leibler.
Author(s)
Michail Tsagris
R implementation and documentation: Michail Tsagris _EMAIL_ and Giorgos Athineou <_EMAIL_>
References
Tsagris Michail (2015). Regression analysis with compositional data containing zero values. Chilean Journal of Statistics, 6(2): 47-57. _URL_
Tsagris M.T., Preston S. and Wood A.T.A. (2011). A data-based power transformation for compositional data. In Proceedings of the 4th Compositional Data Analysis Workshop, Girona, Spain. _URL_
See Also
alfa.reg, alfa
Examples
library(MASS)
y <- as.matrix(fgl[1:40, 2:4])
y <- y /rowSums(y)
x <- as.vector(fgl[1:40, 1])
mod <- alfareg.tune(y, x, a = c(0.2, 0.35, 0.05), nfolds = 5)
[Package Compositional version 5.2 Index]


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Tariq Aslam is Reader at the University of Manchester and a Consultant Ophthalmologist at Manchester Royal Eye Hospital. He specialises in medical retina, after having completed fellowship training for this at Moorfields Eye Hospital.
He has a doctorate (DM) from Oxford University which involved setting up clinical trials and assessing outcome measures. He has a more recent PhD from Heriot Watt University in interface technologies and computer programming for which he demonstrated ability to code in a number of higher level computer languages and was awarded the esteemed University MacFarlane prize as well as a Professorship at Heriot Watt. This second PhD in addition to his clinical training have afforded him capabilities of innovative and clinically relevant software programming, which have been applied to both device development and image processing algorithms.
His research explores many branches of ophthalmology, involving his clinical interests in retina as well as the general potential for computerised and technical enhancement of diagnosis and management of ophthalmic disease. He has around 100 peer reviewed publications, predominantly as lead author, a number of patents and is an investigator on multiple grants over the last 5 years in Manchester with involvement in commercial as well as with investigator lead studies.
He is Director of the Manchester Investigative Ophthalmology and Vision Science MSc course, Director of the Manchester undergraduate Ocular Disease course, Former Editor of "Eye News", Editor of "Ophthalmology and Therapy" and Associate Editor of "Acta Ophthalmologica"
His research has led to formation of a spin-out medical software company and he has recently been awarded a prestigious Manchester University prize for social impact, which is his ultimate research goal.
Eye News Co-editor Professor Tariq Aslam, from the University of Manchester, delivers his keynote lecture 'Will a robot take my job?' at the Eye News 'AI and New Technology' Symposium in Glasgow in January 2020.


Many people invest a lot of money in order to go to college with the hope that they will eventually be rewarded with higher salaries. This paper attempts to determine what aspects of college are most important in determining the future income of students. In particular, this paper studies whether GPA is an important determinant of income as well as whether some majors are better investments than others after controlling for other factors. In addition, the effect of math and verbal ability on income and how they interact with different fields of study are studied. The data comes from the National Longitudinal Study of Youth database and ordinary least-squares regressions are used. The regressions show that grades, natural ability, and major all significantly affect income.
Included in
Economics Commons


text:
Biological, Environmental, and Earth Sciences
Microarray technology is widely applied to address complex scientific questions. However, there remain fundamental issues on how to design experiments to ensure that the resulting data enables robust statistical analysis. Interwoven loop design has several advantages over other designs. However it suffers in the complexity of design. We have implemented an online web application which allows users to find optimal loop designs for two-color microarray experiments. Given a number of conditions (such as treatments or time points) and replicates, the application will find the best possible design of the experiment and output experimental parameters. It is freely available from _URL_
Yang, J. Y.,
Yang, M. Q.,
Perkins, E. J.,
(2007). ILOOP - A Web Application for Two-Channel Microarray Interwoven Loop Design. BMC Genomics, 9(S2), 1-6.
Available at: _URL_


Lighting Regulations
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Lighting regulations for pedal cycles
Lighting regulations for pedal cycles
The current version of the RVLR was published in 1989, then amended in 1994, 1996, 2001, 2005, again in 2005 and most recently in 2009. So it can be a bit of a puzzle to work out exactly what applies here and now!
It has to be said that the fine details of RVLR are seldom enforced, and provided you show some kind of white light in front and red behind, you are unlikely to be challenged. If you are involved in a night-time accident however, any slight illegality with respect to your lights or reflectors may be regarded as contributory negligence.
The main points of RVLR are as follows:
 - Lights (and reflectors) are required on a pedal cycle only between sunset and sunrise.
 - Lights (and reflectors) are not required when the cycle is stationary or being pushed along the roadside.
 - When they are required, the lights and reflectors listed below must be clean and working properly.
The following items are the minimum required, on a bicycle or tricycle, in order to ride it legally at night:
Front Lamp
One is required, showing a white light, positioned centrally or offside, up to 1500mm from the ground, aligned towards and visible from the front. If capable of emitting a steady light, it must be marked as conforming to BS6102/3 or an equivalent EC standard.
If capable of emitting only a flashing light, it must emit at least 4 candela.
Rear Lamp
One is required, to show a red light, positioned centrally or offside, between 350mm and 1500mm from the ground, at or near the rear, aligned towards and visible from behind. If capable of emitting a steady light it must be marked as conforming to BS3648, or BS6102/3, or an equivalent EC standard.
Rear Reflector
One is required, coloured red, marked BS6102/2 (or equivalent), positioned centrally or offside, between 250mm and 900mm from the ground, at or near the rear, aligned towards and visible from behind.
Pedal Reflectors
Four are required, coloured amber and marked BS6102/2 (or equivalent), positioned so that one is plainly visible to the front and another to the rear of each pedal.
Exceptions and explanations
Age brings privileges. To name but two: cycles manufactured before October 1990 can have any kind of white front lamp that is visible from a reasonable distance, and pre-October 1985 cycles don't need pedal reflectors.
Cycle trailers need a rear lamp as above and a triangular rear reflector with an ECE mark III or IIIA. (Trailer manufacturers appear blissfully unaware of this however, and generally fit cycle-type reflectors whilst making no provision for a rear lamp.)
In the absence of any more specific requirement, a cycle-type rear reflector can be presumed okay on a sidecar, which also needs its own front and rear lamps.
Seriously reduced visibility
Unlike other vehicles, pedal cycles are not required to light up when conditions of seriously reduced visibility occur in daytime. That's because this clause applies only to lights that are required to be fitted, and lights are not required to be fitted to a pedal cycle between sunrise and sunset. So even if the cycle has lights fitted and is ridden into a bank of fog for example, they do not have to be switched on. It would nevertheless be wise to do so!
'Lighting-up time' and the 'Hours of Darkness'
These commonplace phrases have meant many different things in the past and continue to cause confusion. Remember: for a cyclist the only thing that matters is the sun, the moment it dips below the horizon, our lights must go on, even though there may be plenty of light to see by for another half hour or so on a clear evening.
Sunset to sunrise: that's lighting-up time, when drivers must also switch on their sidelights at least. They can leave off the headlights for another 30 minutes, until - you guessed it - the 'Hours of Darkness', which nowadays endure from half an hour after sunset until half an hour before sunrise.
Prior to 1989, cyclists could also wait until then before switching on their lights, and if you go back further, the 'hours of darkness' were 60 minutes shorter, starting a whole hour after sunset and ending an hour before sunrise. Go back further still, to before the roads were nationalised, and some counties didn't require lights at all during full moon! It wasn't any lighter back then, but when things moved more slowly I guess we didn't need to see them coming so far off.
Beware that some publishers of 'lighting-up times' are a bit careless and give the 'hours of darkness' instead. Don't trust any such data unless it clearly states the times of sunset and sunrise.
The Euro-friendly clause
Thanks to a European Directive of a few years ago, wherever a British Standard (BS) is referred to, equivalent standards from other EC countries must now also be recognised - but only if they provide an equivalent level of safety. It's not exactly clear which do. However Germany has arguably the strictest cycle lighting laws in Europe so we consider it safe to use equipment that is marked accordingly, with a "K~number".
It should also be noted that wherever a British Standard is referred to, that reference applies to a specific edition. In the case of BS6102/3, that is the 1986 edition, as amended on 15th April 1995 and again on 1st September 2003. These amendments (in conjunction with the 1994 amendment of RVLR) removed the filament bulb design restrictions, so that lamps may now get their light from LEDs, HIDs – or whatever comes next!
Dynamo powered lights are legal even though they go out when you stop. That's allowed so long as you stop on the left. Usually it's much safer to stay where you are (e.g. in a stationary queue with left-turning traffic filtering up your inside), since most cars do stop for red traffic lights and those that don't are unlikely to pay more heed to a bike lamp!
Nevertheless, dynamos and lamps are now available with reliable back-up (standlight) features that either keep them on or light up a diode instead of the bulb.
Additional lamps and reflectors
Some cyclists like to fit extra lamps and reflectors, in addition to the approved ones specified above. This is perfectly legal provided they are the correct colour and in an appropriate position.
These optional lamps and reflectors do not have to comply with any standards, but it's illegal to use some designs of lamp or reflector that have specific other uses. You must not, for instance, show a red light at the front, or a white light to the rear, or fit triangular-shaped rear reflectors on anything other than trailer.
The suggestion that any lamp on a bicycle might cause undue dazzle or discomfort to other users of the road would have been laughable a few years ago, but not any more. It is not only illegal but doesn't actually improve your safety, should the person driving a heavy motor vehicle towards you be temporarily blinded by your headlamp! So please don't let it do that.
The Pedal Cycles (Safety) Regulations (PCSR) ensure that every new bicycle is sold with several extra reflectors, not required by RVLR, but (strangely) does nothing at all to facilitate the fitment of front and rear lamps.
These additional reflectors are found on the sides of the wheels, clear white or coloured yellow, and there's also a "white" reflector on the front of the bike. You are at liberty to remove the front and side reflectors, but beware that there are some situations (albeit most unusual) where a front reflector might improve your safety, and be sure to fit the necessary front and rear lamps.
Thanks to the 2005 RVLR amendment on 23 October of that year it finally became legal to have a flashing light on a pedal cycle, provided it flashes between 60 and 240 times per minute (1 – 4Hz).
Even better: it became possible for a flashing light to be approved, meaning no other light would be needed in that position. And since BS6102/3 does not cater for flashing, approval is granted simply on the basis of brightness (as specified above).
Because DfT very much prefer things to be evaluated against a proper technical standard wherever possible: any flashing lamp that is also capable of emitting a steady light is approved only if it conforms with BS6102/3 when switched to steady mode. Since most flashing lights do also have a steady mode, they're legal but not approved, so you'll probably need another lamp that is.
Unfortunately Britain is not the force it once was in the world cycle market, with the result that very few manufacturers can nowadays be bothered to test and mark their products to our standards. So it can be really hard nowadays, to find any approved lamp for sale these days, flashing or not!
Fortunately our Police seem hardly more concerned by legal niceties than lamp manufacturers. Since it became theoretically legal to ride a bike with just flashing lights on it, they're nowadays no more likely to quibble its legal status than one equipped with steady lights – unless they're rather dim (the lights that is) or involved in an accident. Then it's


] then the integral becomes zero and we have found that our projected data are normally distributed. An value larger than zero indicates a deviation from the normal distribution of the projected data and hopefully an interesting distribution.
Expansion with orthonormal polynomials[edit]
Let L_i(z) a set of orthonormal polynomials with the scalar product <f,g>=\int_{-1}^1 f(z)g(z) dz and the norm \|f\| = \sqrt{<f,f>}. What can we derive about a densities f(z) in the interval [-1;1] ?
If f(z)=\sum_{i=0}^I a_i L_i(z) for some maximal degree I then it holds
\int_{-1}^1 f(z) L_j(z) dz = \int_{-1}^1 \sum_{i=0}^I a_i L_i(z) L_j(z) dz = a_j \int_{-1}^1 L_j(z) L_j(z) dz = a_j
We can also write \int_{-1}^1 f(z) L_j(z) dz = E(L_j(z)) or empirically we get an estimator \hat{a}_j = \frac{1}{n} \sum_{k=1}^n L_j(z_k).
We describe the term 1/2 = \sum_{i=1}^I b_i L_i(z) and get for our integral
\int_{-1}^1 (f(z)-1/2)^2 dz = \int_{-1}^1 \left(\sum_{i=0}^I (a_i-b_i) L_i(z)\right)^2 dz = \sum_{i,j=0}^I \int_{-1}^1 (a_i-b_i)(a_j-b_j) L_i(z) L_j(z) dz = \sum_{i=0}^I (a_i-b_i)^2.
So using a orthonormal function set allows us to reduce the integral to a summation of coefficient which can be estimated from the data by plugging \hat{a}_j in the formula above. The coefficients b_i can be precomputed in advance.
Normalized Legendre polynomials[edit]
The only problem left is to find the set of orthonormal polynomials L_i(z) upto degree I. We know that 1, x, x^2, ..., x^I form a basis for this space. We have to apply the Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization to find the orthonormal polynomials. This has been started in the first example.
The resulting polynomials are called normalized Legendre polynomials. Up to a sacling factor the normalized Legendre polynomials are identical to Legendre polynomials. The Legendre polynomials have a recursive expression of the form
L_i(z) = \frac{(2i-1) L_{i-1}(z) - (i-1) L_{i-2}(z)}{i}
So computing our integral reduces to computing L_0(z_k) and L_1(z_k) and using the recursive relationship to compute the \hat{a}_j's. Please note that the recursion can be numerically unstable!
References[edit]
Unconstrained Optimization[edit]
Introduction[edit]
In the following we will provide some notes on numerical optimization algorithms. As there are numerous methods out there, we will restrict ourselves to the so-called Gradient Methods. There are basically two arguments why we consider this class as a natural starting point when thinking about numerical optimization algorithms. On the one hand, these methods are really workhorses in the field, so their frequent use in practice justifies their coverage here. On the other hand, this approach is highly intuitive in the sense that it somewhat follow naturally from the well-known properties of optima. In particular we will concentrate on three examples of this class: the Newtonian Method, the Method of Steepest Descent and the class of Variable Metric Methods, nesting amongst others the Quasi Newtonian Method.
Before we start we will nevertheless stress that there does not seem to be a "one and only" algorithm but the performance of specific algorithms is always contingent on the specific problem to be solved. Therefore both experience and "trial-and-error" are very important in applied work. To clarify this point we will provide a couple of applications where the performance of different algorithms can be compared graphically. Furthermore a specific example on Maximum Likelihood Estimation can be found at the end. Especially for statisticians and econometricians the Maximum Likelihood Estimator is probably the most important example of having to rely on numerical optimization algorithms in practice.
Theoretical Motivation[edit]
Any numerical optimization algorithm has solve the problem of finding "observable" properties of the function such that the computer program knows that a solution is reached. As we are dealing with problems of optimization two well-known results seem to be sensible starting points for such properties.
If f is differentiable and x^\star is a (local) minimum, then
 (1a) \quad Df(x^\star) = 0
i.e. the Jacobian D f(x) is equal to zero
and
If f is twice differentiable and x^\star is a (local) minimum, then
 (1b) \quad x^{T}D^2 f(x^\star)x \geq 0
i.e. the Hessian D^2 f(x) is pos. semidefinite.
In the following we will always denote the minimum by x^\star . Although these two conditions seem to represent statements that help in finding the optimum x^\star , there is the little catch that they give the implications of x^\star being an optimum for the function f . But for our purposes we would need the opposite implication, i.e. finally we want to arrive at a statement of the form: "If some condition g(f(x^\star)) is true, then x^\star is a minimum". But the two conditions above are clearly not sufficient in achieving this (consider for example the case of f(x) = x^3 , with Df(0) = D^2 f(0) = 0 but x^{\star} \neq 0 ). Hence we have to look at an entire neighborhood of x^\star as laid out in the following sufficient condition for detecting optima:
If Df(x^\star) = 0 and x^{T}D^2f(z)x \geq 0, \forall x \in \mathbb{R}^n and z \in \mathcal{B}(x^\star, \delta), then: x^\star is a local minimum.
Proof: For x \in \mathcal{B}(x^\star, \delta) let z=x^\star + t(x-x^\star) \in \mathcal{B} . The Taylor approximation yields: f(x) - f(x^\star) = 0 + \frac{1}{2}(x-x^\star)^{T}D^2 f(z)(x-x^\star) \geq 0 , where \mathcal{B}(x^\star, \delta) denotes an open ball around x^\star , i.e. \mathcal{B}(x^\star, \delta) = \{x : ||x - x^\star|| \leq \delta \} for \delta > 0 .
In contrast to the two conditions above, this condition is sufficient for detecting optima - consider the two trivial examples
 f(x) = x^3 with Df(x^\star = 0) = 0 but x^{T}D^2f(z)x = 6 z x^2 \not\geq 0 \quad (e.g. \,\,z = -\frac{\delta}{2})
and
f(x) = x^4 with Df(x^\star = 0) = 0 and x^{T}D^2f(z)x = 12 z^2 x^2 \geq 0 \quad \forall z.
Keeping this little caveat in mind we can now turn to the numerical optimization procedures.
Numerical Solutions[edit]
All the following algorithms will rely on the following assumption:
(A1) The set N(f,f(x^{(0)}) = \{x \in \mathbb{R}^n | f(x) \leq f(x^{(0)})\} is compact
where x^{(0)} is some given starting value for the algorithm. The significance of this assumption has to be seen in the Wei


text:
I currently use iText for PDF generation and I am having difficulty determining if the PDF files generated with iText are text-based or image-based once generated. Is there an easy way to determine that programmatically (or to specify one option or the other at the time of generation)?
iText generates PDF text instructions for text, and PDF image XObjects for images. Some other elements (e.g. borders) are generated as PDF graphics instructions. So I suppose you could say it generates "text-based" files.


How to Keep Your Mop Sanitary
Wet mop cleaning wooden floor
The Spruce / Ulyana Verbytska
Mops are great tools for keeping floors clean. Foot traffic can lead to dirt and germs in your house. Even if you sweep or vacuum regularly, mopping is the best way to clean hard floors. A common concern about mopping is its effectiveness. A dirty mop will just move the filth around the house and not clean the floors. However, a clean mop and good mopping technique will effectively remove grime and germs from the floor.
 - Once mildew has begun to grow, the mop is no longer effective as a cleaning tool. Mopping with a mildew-ridden mop will just spread bacteria and odor around your house.
How to Keep a Mop Clean
With a few easy steps, you can keep your mop sanitary so that it successfully cleans your floors.
 - Rinse the mop thoroughly after each use. When you are finished mopping, rinse any cleaning solution and dirt from the mop in a sink until the mop is completely clean. Traces of dirt will spread grime during the next use, and leftover soap residue can damage your mop.
 - Wash your mop. If your mop is machine washable, use the washing machine to clean it. Follow the cleaning directions on the mop. A gentle cycle at the hottest temperature is usually recommended. If the mop head is not machine washable, create a mixture of half water, half bleach in a clean bucket (enough to cover the mop head), and soak the mop head for 15 minutes. Rinse the mixture from the mop until the water runs completely clear.
 - Allow the mop to completely dry. To prevent bacteria growth make sure the mophead is dry before storing it away. To do this, start by wringing the mop out as much as you can. Then place the mop head outside on a clothesline; sunshine will naturally kill bacteria and mold. If that's not possible, stand the mop upright in a bathtub or other well ventilated and dry area. The goal is to avoid mildew and bacteria growth.
 - Store the mop properly. A cool, dry place is a perfect storage location. Try hanging it so the mop head avoids brushing against the floor. If you've allowed the mop to dry thoroughly, the mop should be fine for the next use.
 - Replace the mop head when needed. Prevent your mop from becoming a cleaning hazard by replacing the mop head. Aim for a replacement every two to three months or sooner if it looks very dirty. Your floors are only as clean as your mop head; a soiled and worn mop will not be effective.
Yellow mop being soaked in water and bleach
The Spruce / Ulyana Verbytska
Mopping Tips
To keep your house clean, you may want to consider mopping with two buckets. Keep plain water for rinsing in one bucket and detergent in the other bucket. Start with the detergent bucket, mop the floor, and then dip the dirty mop into the rinsing bucket. Squeeze out the water and continue alternating buckets until the floor is done. If either water bucket becomes too soiled, replace it with fresh water and cleaning solution. Try mopping the bathroom last, or even using a separate mop for just the bathroom. These rooms are full of germs and can lead to cross-contamination if a dirty mop gets used around the house.
Finally, although traditional mops are very absorbent and have good scrubbing capacity, you could consider a more hygienic flat mop as a potential alternative.


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How Transmissive Film Works
Transmissive Film: Cheat Sheet
Stuff you should know:
 - Transmissive film is an extremely thin sheet of polymer that can be applied to LCD displays to make them brighter and clearer.
 - Transmissive film can also be used for privacy. Some transmissive films, when applied to LCD computer screens, make it so only the person at the keyboard can view the contents of the screen.
 - LCD displays are backlit with a fluorescent light source. A lot of the light gets diffused and dispersed while passing through different polarizers and filters. Transmissive films can amplify the strength of the light source by redirecting and recycling light toward the display.
Now test your knowledge with these quizzes!
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