What forces affect submarines?
Lesson overview
The context of the lesson is a practical investigation to discover how shape and surface area affect the speed at which a submersible descends. Students develop their understanding of forces, surface area, and fair testing.
Learning outcomes
 - Understand gravity as a force
 - Consider how forces affect submersibles
 - Investigate how shape affects speed
 - Predict and test with accuracy
 - Describe how forces affect submersibles
Lesson step
 1. Forces mini quiz (15 mins)
 Students take a forces mini quiz in groups to assess their level of understanding and open a discussion about gravity.
 2. Virtual submarine dive (10 mins)
 Students take a virtual submarine dive and consider how forces might impact on submersible design.
 3. Shape investigation (20 mins)
 Using modelling clay students investigate how a variety of shapes move at different speeds through water. Making predictions, students test different shapes and measure speed ensuring it is a fair test.
 4. Understanding water resistance (15 mins)
 Students describe why shapes move at different speeds using scientific vocabulary to explain their findings.


Emily Cox
. She is also Choir Director at St Mary's Anglican Church, Kangaroo Point where she and organist Christopher Wrench oversee a vibrant music programme. As a conductor and chorus master with a broad repertoire, Emily's work is in demand with professional performing arts companies and major arts festivals. Through the repertoire that she explores with her ensembles, she has introduced Australian audiences to many unusual and beautiful works. A graduate of Dartmouth College (USA) and the Queensland Conservatorium of Music, Emily has had further training overseas with noted choral specialists and is known for her work as a festival and workshop director, adjudicator and educator for all age groups.
Emily Cox is featured on the following titles
Joy To The World
Performer: conductor
Light is integral to colour, and musical integrity is often described in terms of its colour or luminescence. Celebrating Canticum's 21st birthday year, composers were sought whose music reflects a particular sensitivity to the versatility of the choral instrument and which celebrates beautiful text.


Monosyllabic verbs that start with E
These one syllable E verbs all begin with the letter E.
 1. earn
 2. earns
 3. eat
 4. eats
 5. ebb
 6. ebbs
 7. end
 8. ends
 9. err
 10. et
Next why not check out all the letters A-Z single syllable verb lists and other verb posts on this site.


_URL_
Bone marrow stimulation
Bone marrow stimulation

Bone marrow stimulation locally is a long established method of cartilage repair in focal chondral defect. Breaking through the underlying bone (subchondral bone) one prepares minute canals for the mesenchymal stem cells to travel to the site of chondral lesion.

fokalis defektus mikrofrakturazva
fokalis defektus.jpg
For small focal chondral lesions (size smaller than 2 cm2) it is the easiest and most widely used technique. The rational is that proper way must be established for the mesenchymal stem cells located in the bone marrow to pass through the bone and repair the chondral lesion. Drilling is one of the basic methods and cutting a hole with an awl is another one. Firstly a coagulum is formed at the site of the lesion that would transform into scar and finally into fibrocartilage.

The method requires 6 week partial weight bearing postoperatively (crutches) and gradual return to full weight bearing afterwards.

Fibrocartilage is formed at the site of the repair, which is of poorer quality when compared to hyaline cartilage, but it may bring acceptable relief for the patient. In the long term bone marrow stimulation is believed to deteriorate and usually other, more sophisticated technique must be utilized.

Add to bookmark | © 2007 _URL_ - Minden jog fenntartva.


text:
New technique for determining the optical constants...
|Title||New technique for determining the optical constants of liquids|
|Author(s)||C. Keefe, J. Pearson|
|Abstract||The traditional techniques of transmission and attenuated total reflectance (ATR) spectroscopy for determining the optical constants of liquids are not practical or reliable for very strong absorption bands. Specular reflectance can be used in these cases, but for volatile liquids it is impossible to separate the reflectance spectrum of the liquid from the absorption spectrum of the vapor above the liquid. Methods using special cells have been described in the literature to prevent the liquid from evaporating. In this paper, a similar technique that makes use of traditional transmission cells is presented. It is shown that this new technique generates k(νtilde) spectra for strong absorption bands that are accurate to approximately 2%.|
Using APA 6th Edition citation style.
Times viewed: 96

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Egyptian Minister of Water Resources and Irrigation Mohamed Abdel Atti said that his ministry has already completed the rehabilitation of 2,636 kilometers of irrigation canals.
This is part of Egypt's canal rehabilitation and lining project, said the minister.
In a statement on Friday, the irrigation minister said that the project aims at rehabilitating canals, with a length of up to 20,000 kilometers.
The rehabilitation of irrigation canals falls within the Irrigation Ministry's plan to stimulate the comprehensive development process for the water system, the statement said.
The plan also aims at applying modern irrigation system and using smart irrigation applications, it added.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


Home Tips & More Best Ways To Taste Dab
Best Ways To Taste Dab
Top Ways To Taste Dab. Dab bottle.
Best Ways To Taste Dab
Top Ways To Taste Dab. Dab bottle.
Best Ways To Taste Dab
If you don't know about the dabbing process, when you finish reading this article, you will be more informed. One of the ideal things that many recreational users have come to find out is best ways to taste dab. It has a sensational taste, but may not be for everyone. Dab is a tiny dose of marijuana concentrate and dabbing is the process to which dab is made. The process involves putting a dose of marijuana concentrate on a heated dab nail, after which you would inhale it to reach that high. The dab nail looks like a water pipe attachment.
Tiny Rig
If you wanted to reach a certain flavor during your session of inhaling the dab, it is best to choose a dab rig that has a tiny chamber and joint size. Generally, the dab rig should be as small as possible to improve the flavor. It traps the flavor and saves it or you would say, it preserves the dab taste. It also regulates the air flow. This helps the user to have a longer inhale in one breath. It is suggested taht you use an oil right that has minimum diffusion since it maximizes the competence and minimizes the compression of the oil inside the dab rig. When the joints are smaller, they also provide sustained and smoother inhalation in comparison to the chugging that the user might experience as a large dab rig is cleared.
Adding the Quartz Insert or Quartz Nail
Your dab nail is crucial to the dabbing procedure, allowing for one of the best ways to taste dab. The process heats up the dab nail with the use of a coil or torch. The torch material is usually made of quartz, titanium or ceramic. Each of these materials has their own advantages and disadvantages. It is recommended that you use quartz since it improves the flavor. It could be either a quartz insert or quartz nail. What is most important is that you use a surface that is quartz.
The Temperature
Your temperature when you are dabbing should be low and consistent. This is true if you are seeking the maximum flavor each time you carry out the dabbing process. It would be better to ue an electric nail instead of a torch, if you want to manage and maintain the desired flavor. When you use the e-nail or electric nail, it also heats the surface where the dabbing process takes place, but you are able to manage its temperature in a specific manner; thereby allowing you to perfect the desired temperature. Set your temperature between 550-650°Fahrenheit. That is where the sweet spot seems to be.
Refined Concentrate
Your next step to taste dab that is of the highest quality would be to use refined concentrate. If you are going to ingest concentrate from solvent, then you should make sure that the oil has no contaminate, residue from the solvent or plant matter. It would be better to use live resin instead. Extracts without the use of solvent tend to give an enhanced flavor because it preserves the terpenes. The reason could be the fact that it consists of heads of isolated glandular trichome, which have a lot of terpenes in them.
Final Thoughts
One of the ideal ways to taste dab without the high presence of THC would be to dab CBD. This is an effective way as it relates to dab consumption. If you are not privy to cannabis concentrate for your dabbing process, you can make it for yourself using rosin. This can be done safely from your home. You should give this a try soon!
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0
hi
Im sure this is an easy problem to resolve. Basicly for my log-in script, im retreiving the results from a database, storing them in variables but i would like the redirection to be in flash (better looking).
Is there a way for me to load two variables called
$username
$password
into a flash file using actionscript.
3
Contributors
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Last Post by desicoder
0
Use loadVars. Here is some code from a login for a similar project.
I did it with ActionScript 2.0. What you need are three text boxes and a submit button.
The first two text boxes (email and password) will be input text type with instance names of email and password. The third text box should be dynamic text type with an instance name of status. Then in the actions panel of the submit button, put this:
on (release) {
status.text = "";//clearing status field for this attempt
serverFile="/login.php";
//creating two LoadVars objects, to send and receive variables
my_lv = new LoadVars();
result_lv = new LoadVars();
//Assign appropriate text boxes to LoadVars object
my_lv.email = email.text;
my_lv.password = password.text;
//Send the variables and Load the servers response
my_lv.sendAndLoad(serverFile, result_lv, "POST");
//event which is called when result_lv passed above, receives response from php page
result_lv.onLoad = function(success:Boolean) {
 if (success) {
 email.text = "";//clearing all fields
 password.text = "";
 status.text =result_lv ["serverResponse"]; //entering response to status field for display
 }
 }
}
Then in the php page, if the person gets logged in,
echo "&serverResponse=Authentication confirmed";
and if denied
echo "&serverResponse=Access denied";
I hope this helps.
0
Hi
I have my own team i website development and desktop application's development we are developing since last three days and we are intersted in such type of parites / providers who can provide us some work(s)
We can disscuss more first of all let me know if you are intrested. You can tex me at _EMAIL_
Regards.
----------
SMAC!
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text:
Cowlicks are like law enforcers on our head. To keep hair from growing randomly all over the place, each of us has at least one such point where the hair grows from the scalp in a circular shape, forming a whorl. How many of these hair whorls we have and their direction is genetically pre-programmed. The geneticist Amar Klar was even able to prove in a study that the direction of our cowlicks allows conclusions to be drawn whether we are right or left-handed. A hair whorl in the clockwise direction for instance usually indicates right-handedness.
As useful as they may be, cowlicks can sometimes be annoying. For example when you want to form a parting: a natural parting is pre-programmed by the cowlick's growth direction. When you want to part the hair in another direction, you many experience difficulties since it falls back into its original position. The whorls can also reveal themselves in straight hair or with a short cut, for example by causing individual strands to stand out unattractively. Pronounced cowlicks also mean that some new haircuts are not feasible. Certain short cuts in particular are simply made impossible by them.
If all of that sounds familiar to you, don't go into a spin. You can easily get the hair whorls on your head under control with a few simple steps.
How to Get Cowlicks Under Control
Cutting: The advantage of taking cowlicks into account for your new haircut is that the hair can continue to fall naturally, so that elaborately styling them into a different direction is unnecessary. This is usually a matter of course for experienced stylists. You should point out your cowlicks to the hairdresser during the consultation when you visit a salon for the first time.
If you fancy a fringe, you should first check whether you have a cowlick over your forehead. This could cause the hair to stand upright so the desired fringe would not take shape. Avoid styles with a fringe in this case. Yet the cowlick is not entirely useless here, in fact it can actually support a side or centre parting.
Blow drying: Hair is much easier to shape with the help of heat, which is why you should definitely attack cowlicks with a blow dryer. Simply distribute some mousse in damp hair and blow dry it strand by strand over a round brush. Twist the brush in close to the scalp every now and then, setting a new direction for stubborn hair sections. As soon as the hair is dry, secure the whorled strands with a hair clip so they stay in place while cooling. Then apply hairspray to your hairdo. You can also secure the tamed sections again separately if needed.
Straightening: You can also target cowlicks by whipping the strands in question into shape with a straightening iron. Straightened hair falls much more readily and is easier to style in the right direction.
Volumising: Volume can help you hide bothersome cowlicks. Slightly tease your hair with a comb and then style it so the cowlick disappears underneath. Or use the express method and raise the entire hairline with the help of volumising powder. This instantly adds extra grip to your hair so you can style it as desired.
Curling: You want a more permanent solution that lasts longer than the next time you wash your hair? If so, have permanent wave curlers put into the individual cowlicks at your next visit to the hairdresser. This lets you 'rearrange' your hair for several weeks according to your wishes.


kids encyclopedia robot
Congress of the Republic of Peru facts for kids
Kids Encyclopedia Facts
(Redirected from President of the Congress of Peru)
The Congress of the Republic of Peru (Spanish: Congreso de la República) is the unicameral body that is legislative power in Peru.
The current Congress of Peru, sworn in after the 2020 elections, was elected after the dissolution of the previous Congress by President Martin Vizcarra.
Congressmen serve for a five-year term and can be re-elected as many times as they want even though this is very rare. Elections for congress happen at the same time as the election for president.
In 2020, Mirtha Vásquez was elected President of the Congress.
Images for kids
kids search engine
Congress of the Republic of Peru Facts for Kids. Kiddle Encyclopedia.


text:
The East Africa Crude Oil Pipeline Route
The selected route begins in Kabaale – Hoima, in Uganda and extends south to the Chongoleani Peninsula near Tanga Port in Tanzania. The pipeline will start near Hoima, close to Lake Albert, and will cross the Uganda – Tanzania border between Masaka and Bukoba, past Lake Victoria, following its western border, traversing Tanzania, passing close to Kahama, Singida, Kondoa, into Tanga. In Uganda, the pipeline, 296km long, will traverse 10 districts and 25 sub-counties. In Tanzania, the pipeline, 1,147km long will traverse 8 regions and 25 districts
The pipeline right of way required for the construction phase is 30 metres wide. During the design phase, the route was narrowed and finalised after extensive studies to integrate the various technical, geographical, environmental and land usage constraints.


text:
Title of publication
Audit of the National Defence University
Hanna Snellman, Vesa Korhonen, Mari Pantsar, Akseli Tiitta, Mira Huusko & Marja-Liisa Saa-rilammi, Self-assessment of the National Defence University (eds.) Matti Höysniemi
The Higher Education Evaluation Committee's decision
The National Defence University passed the audit on June 15, 2023.
The Quality Label is valid until June 16, 2029.
The audit team's evaluation of the evaluation areas I-III
I: HEI creates competence: excellent level
II: HEI promotes impact and renewal: good level
III: HEI enhances quality and well-being: excellent level
HEI as a learning organisation – evaluation area chosen by National Defence University
Responsibility and sustainable development
Theme and partner for benchlearning
Theme: The importance of multidisciplinary for the activities of the target organization
Partner: Finland Futures Research Centre (University of Turku)
Key strengths and recommendations
- The curricula of the National Defence University have been excellently documented and described. The pedagogical manuscripts contain well-defined intended learning outcomes and competence assessment criteria.
- The National Defence University is a sought-after collaborative partner nationally and internationally. The University's networks are diverse and support the development of the activities with other security authorities and higher education institutions.
- The quality system of the National Defence University is used to manage the University and the information it produces is utilised in development in an exemplary manner.
- The National Defence University has well identified sustainable development and responsibility as its enhancement area.
- The National Defence University needs to enhance the identification and recognition of prior learning to make it more comprehensive.
- The National Defence University should encourage researchers more to drawing up joint publications with both Finnish and international researchers to increase the impact of research.
- The turnover of teaching staff every two years challenges the transfer of tacit information and pedagogical development. A career path in teaching could be one opportunity on an officer's career path.
- The entire University should be engaged in responsibility and sustainable development in a cross-cutting manner, making it concrete activity for everyone.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Henry Hamilton Honoré (February 19, 1824 – August 16, 1916) was an American businessman.
Honoré moved to Chicago, Illinois, from Louisville, Kentucky in 1855 and made his fortune in real estate. Henry Honoré fathered six children with his wife, Eliza J. Carr: Adrian C., Bertha (known as Cissie), Henry, Nathaniel, Ida, and Lockwood.
Honoré's daughter, Bertha, married millionaire real estate developer Potter Palmer in 1871, shortly before the Great Chicago Fire destroyed the Honoré Building at Adams and Dearborn in downtown Chicago.
Another daughter, Ida Marie Honoré, married General Frederick Dent Grant, son of President Ulysses S. Grant, in Chicago in 1874. Through this marriage, Honoré became the grandfather of American writer Julia Dent Cantacuzène Spiransky-Grant, also known as Princess Cantacuzène, who chronicled the Russian Revolution from a first-person perspective.
Honoré was responsible for the assemblage of lots and acreage along Dearborn Street, creating an office and commercial district. Honore St. (1832W) in Chicago is named after him.
Notes and references
- Marquis, Albert Nelson (1911). The Book of Chicagoans, p. 339. Chicago: A.N. Marquis & Company.
|This article about an American businessperson born in the 1820s is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.|


text: this method returns a long, which can hold up to max int -1 divided by 2 number (correct me if I am wrong). So I guess there is really no need of long for a record number. (if criteria contains all null and db doesn't have a deleted record, then this mehtod will return all record numbers). So why do we have a long recNo? maybe a recNo can arbitrarily start from some large number?


Avalon Peninsula
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Avalon Peninsula is located in Newfoundland
Avalon Peninsula
Avalon Peninsula
Location of Avalon Peninsula in Newfoundland
The Avalon Peninsula is a large peninsula (9,220 km²[1]) that makes up the southeast portion of the island of Newfoundland.
The peninsula is home to 262,410 people, which is approximately 51% of Newfoundland's population according to the Canada 2011 Census. The peninsula is also the location of St. John's, the provincial capital and largest city.[2] It is connected to the main section of the island by the 5 km (3.1 mi) wide Isthmus of Avalon. The peninsula protrudes into the rich fishing zones near the Grand Banks. Its four major bays—Trinity Bay, Conception Bay, St. Mary's Bay, and Placentia Bay—have long been the centre of Newfoundland's fishing industry.
Geography and geology[edit]
The Avalon Peninsula is itself pinched into peninsulas by St. Mary's Bay and Conception Bay. St. John's is located in the northeast of the peninsula.
The Avalon Peninsula is a noted region for Precambrian fossils, and many Lagerstätten of the diverse Ediacaran biota are found on the peninsula. Mistaken Point is the original location of the first documented Ediacaran, Aspidella terranovica (which gets its specific name from Newfoundland). The peninsula gives its name to the ancient micro-continent Avalonia of which it was part.
The peninsula was one of the first European-inhabited areas in North America, with the first permanent settlement established at Cuper's Cove in 1610. Sir George Calvert was later given a large land holding on the peninsula. The initial colony of Ferryland grew to a population of 100, becoming the first successful permanent settlement on Newfoundland island. In 1623 Calvert was given a Royal Charter extending the Royal lands and granting them the name Province of Avalon "in imitation of Old Avalon in Somersetshire wherein Glassenbury stands, the first fruits of Christianity in Britain as the other was in that party of America". Calvert wished to make the colony a refuge for Roman Catholics facing persecution in England. In 1625 Calvert was made the first Lord Baltimore in recognition of his achievements.
The charter created the province as a palatinate in which Calvert had absolute authority.
A series of crises and calamities led Calvert to quit the colony in 1629 for "some other warmer climate of this new world", which turned out to be Maryland, though his family was to maintain agents to govern Avalon until 1637, when the entire island of Newfoundland was granted by charter to Sir David Kirke and James Hamilton, 1st Duke of Hamilton.
Calvert's son, Cecilius Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore, fought against the new charter and, in 1660, gained official recognition of the old Charter of Avalon, but never attempted to retake the colony.
Quidi Vidi, near St. John's, Newfoundland
In 1696, during King William's War, the French destroyed many English villages in the Avalon Peninsula Campaign.
See also[edit]
 1. ^ The Canadian Encyclopedia: Avalon Peninsula
 2. ^ "Census Profile - Avalon Peninsula". Statistics Canada. Retrieved 6 January 2013.
External links[edit]
Coordinates: 47°17′N 53°21′W / 47.29°N 53.35°W / 47.29; -53.35


Ticker Timer
From the Science Archives, the open-project database of science information that barely anyone can edit
Jump to navigation Jump to search
A Ticker Timer is a constructed scientific device that measures the velocity of a moving object. Tape is attached from the ticker timer to the object of choice. Drops of ink are applied to the piece of paper once the object starts of move. If the moving object accelerates, the distance between dots will increase; if the moving object decelerates, the distance between the dots on the ticker timer will decrease. A ticker timer has a small hammer that marks a tape pulled through it. The hammer puts 50 dots on the tape every second (5 dots in a tenth of a second). By attaching the tape to an object with movement, we have a record of that movement which shows the distance traveled every part of a second.


Why Presumption of Innocence is good for us
The media is full of talk of the presumption of innocence.
The following are the reasons why the presumption of innocence is considered good for us and worth fighting to maintain.
 - On the presumption of innocence hang the protections which a person should have no matter the person's status, religion, or citizenship. The protections from being coerced to give testimony, to incriminate oneself, to have one's case heard in open court, to have legal counsel, to have one's sentence pronounced publicly, to present evidence in one's defence and to conduct a vigorous, thorough defence
Click here to download PDF Version of article
 - People lie, people give false evidence, and people do all things in between. They may do this in the course of attempting to prove guilt or innocence. This is a fact of human nature and why a person charged with an offence is presumed innocent… not a saint.
 - The presumption of innocence presumes the best of us and not the worst. It places humans on a high plane and thereby facilitates where appropriate a plea of guilty. This is important in the administration of justice and us feeling right with the system of justice
 - People living in Australia today are free. Most of the people in the world are not. This is a fact and is due to our observance of the presumption of innocence.
Just think what it would be like if you were living in a country such as Iran where there is no presumption of innocence. You could be arrested at any time and sentenced and imprisoned for many, many, years. The most recent example of this is Kylie More-Gilbert an Australian woman who has just been released from gaol in Iran where she was serving a 10-year sentence on false espionage charges. The release occurred as part of an exchange of prisoners and not as result of any proper appeal process.
In most places in the world might is right. That is, the authority who has the might can act without regard to what is the truth, as in the case of Kylie More-Gilbert on a fake charge of espionage.
 - Australia is weak and vulnerable, yet at the same time strong by its system of checks and balances. It may be asked: If a person is charged with committing an offence why must the police establish that they committed the offence when they know if he did? Does the presumption allow criminals to go free? While there is a risk of this happening, we consider it is more important to have a check on the police misusing their power. The police have the power to prosecute but are checked on the misuse of this power by requiring them to prove each and every case objectively.
 - The resources of the police, in time and financial resources, far exceed those of most of us. Most of us in our lives will be subject to a charge, even as minor as speeding 10 kilometers above the speed limit. We know the feeling of helplessness when charged and facing the police. In the battle which follows either to prove innocence or establishing mitigating factors, the battle is considerably fairer and just if the police have the burden of proving their case.
 - It would be unfair and unjust if an Australian soldier who is charged with committing an offence in Afghanistan seven years ago had to prove that they did not do so. Proof might involve collecting evidence in Afghanistan and bringing witnesses to Australia. How would this be possible for the ordinary individual? Placing the onus on the prosecution is reasonable and fair. This is what is meant by having to prove the negative that is on some occasions an impossible task.
To better understand this presumption, certain things need to be said to avoid confusion.
The presumption of innocence is not a legal right in Australia enforceable at law. What is meant by that is that a person cannot sue upon the presumption in our courts. Whilst the Magna Carta is often cited as establishing the presumption into our law it does not create an enforceable legal right in Australia, nor do any of the Human Rights Acts of the States of Australia or the Australian Capital Territory and nor does the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and neither does the Federal Constitution.
The presumption only exists in the Australian legal system as a presumption in our common law. It can be excluded or modified at any time by a Federal or State Act of Parliament, which we have seen increasingly happen over the last 10 years
The presumption is usually expressed in relation to a charge of a criminal offence. For instance, the website of the Federal Attorney General describes the presumption as imposing on the prosecution the burden of proving the charge and guarantees that no guilt can be presumed until the charge has been proved beyond reasonable doubt. However, the expression has a much wider understood meaning in Australia as applying to any assertion made, and requiring the person, the subject of the assertion, to be presumed innocent unless the maker of the assertion establishes the assertion as correct.
For those of us who wish to see (if not experience) how the Australian system needs to be constantly maintained we need only look to see what happened in Victoria in the last few months. There the system of checks and balances broke down and there was no mechanism to enforce it, or if one existed, no one was prepared to stand up and enforce it. It was terrifying to see how quickly this occurred and Victoria became a police state, quashing all dissent, as was seen in the charging and arrest of Zoe Buhler … a pregnant mother. This breakdown did not happen when Australia was at war and was faced with being overrun, it happened in peace time!
We need to be constantly reminded of why the presumption of innocence is good for us and why it must be constantly maintained.
Robin Speed
Classroom Poster outlining the key principles of the Presumption of Innocence


Take the 2-minute tour ×
Consider the integral
$\int_0^{\pi/3}x\cos^2(x^2)dx $
Here, I see two terms: x, and $\cos^2(x^2)$. I would normally use integration by parts, but I run into major issues because of the $\cos^2(x^2)$, specifically the $x^2$.
I take $\cos^2(x^2)$ as $u$, x as $dv$, and after the simplifying of some constants, I have
$\frac12 x^2\cos^2(x^2) + 2\int_0^{\pi/3}x^3\cos(x^2)\sin(x^2)$
*because I found the derivative of $\cos^2(x^2)$ was $-4x\cos(x^2)\sin(x^2)$ and the integral of x as $\frac{x^2}2$
but you can see, this new integral isn't very helpful. I can't use parts with an integral with three terms being multiplied, so I'm kind of stuck.
I do know that $\cos^2x = \frac{1 + \cos(2x)}2$. That could be useful, but I don't know if this applies to different forms of $x$ such as $x^2$, like it does for $ax$, as $a$ as a constant.
How can I find the integral of these kinds of functions, where trigonometric functions have squared or cubed composed functions inside? Any help would be appreciated.
Much thanks
share|improve this question
2 Answers 2
up vote 2 down vote accepted
Since you know that $\cos^2x = \frac{1 + \cos(2x)}2$, try the substitution $u = x^2$.
share|improve this answer
I have it! Thank you very much. – Zolani13 Apr 1 '12 at 5:52
Substitute $t=x^2$, so $dt=2x dx$, hence :
$I= \frac{1}{2} \int \limits_{0}^{\pi^2/9} \cos^2t \,dt$
Now use a fact that :
$\cos 2t=2\cos^2 t -1$
share|improve this answer
Your Answer


OSINDMD - SYS1201: OS2CDROM.DMD NOT INSTALLED 07/12/96 ====================================================================== SYS1201: OS2CDROM.DMD Not Installed ====================================================================== Please Read Entire Document for Full Explanation of Procedures -------------------------------------------------------------- DESCRIPTION During OS/2 startup, a message appears: SYS1201: OS2CDROM.DMD not installed This indicates that the CD-ROM drive is not recognized. RESOLUTION 1. Insert the OS/2 Installation Diskette into drive A: and restart the system. 2. When prompted, remove the OS/2 Installation Diskette and insert OS/2 Installation Diskette 1. 3. When the Welcome screen appears, press F3 to exit to a command prompt. 4. Change to the drive where OS/2 is installed. 5. Edit the CONFIG.SYS file. Type TEDIT CONFIG.SYS and press Enter. 6. Once you are in TEDIT, press the Esc key. 7. Use the arrow keys to scroll through the CONFIG.SYS file and look for the correct drivers for your CD-ROM drive. If you have an IDE CD-ROM, you should have BASEDEV statements for IBM1S506.ADD and IBMIDECD.FLT. If you have a SCSI CD-ROM connected to an adapter make sure you check the Hardware Compatibility List to ensure that the SCSI controller is supported. If the adapter says that it was tested by OTHER then it is not supported; you will need to contact the vendor for support. ______________________________________________________________________ IBM disclaims all warranties, whether express or implied, including without limitation, warranties of fitness and merchantability with respect to the information in this document. By furnishing this document, IBM grants no licenses to any related patents or copyrights. Copyright (c) 1994, 1995 IBM Corporation. Any trademarks and product or brand names referenced in this document are the property of their respective owners. Consult your product manuals for complete trademark information.


text:
The ever so restless Tailed Jay is considered a "high energy" pollinator and is one of the most commonly sighted butterflies in gardens around the city of Mumbai. It has adapted to urban environments and can even be seen on busy roadsides possibly due to the presence of its food plant, the False Ashoka tree. These trees are known to have been planted to cut down noise pollution. This picture was taken in the terraced 'Hanging' gardens atop Malabar Hill. According to naturalist Sunjoy Monga, 19th-century writings describe the hill as a densely foliated terrain, teeming with venomous snakes, jackals and hyenas. While rapid urbanization has wiped out most of the terrestrial mammals here, the wooded area harbours around 40 species of birds and 34 species of butterflies.
|Photo Location:||Mumbai, India|
|Copyright:||© Rizwan Mithawala|


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What does normality mean
 1. Oct 7, 2013 #1
 what does normality means, and how does it relate to molar concentration?
 2. jcsd
 3. Oct 7, 2013 #2
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 4. Oct 7, 2013 #3
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 Something that was much insisted on when I was at school, because i guess some kids found it hard to get their heads round. Like 1M HCl or NaOH are 1N but 1M H2SO4 or Na2CO3 are 2N. You get the idea? - it's the same as the distinction between molar masses and equivalent masses (or weights as we used to call them).
 I think they have been phased out of teaching now, have they? If so it's no loss, they are unnecessary.
 5. Oct 8, 2013 #4
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 Staff: Mentor
 Normality meant different things at different moments in time. There was a period when normality depended on the reaction - so 1M sulfuric acid was 2N in the reaction with NaOH, but 1N inteh reaction with CaCl. Then IUPAC decided to make it always reaction with H+ or e- - so 1M sulfuric acid would be always 2N. Then, IUPAC decided they created so much confusion it is better to deprecate normality at all.
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A lot of thesaurus - A little bit dictionary
Overview of noun promotion
1. promotion, publicity, promotional material, packaging -- (a message issued in behalf of some product or cause or idea or person or institution; "the packaging of new ideas")
2. promotion -- (act of raising in rank or position)
3. promotion, furtherance, advancement -- (encouragement of the progress or growth or acceptance of something)
4. forwarding, furtherance, promotion -- (the advancement of some enterprise; "his experience in marketing resulted in the forwarding of his career")


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===== Insert text regarding state=QLD here. ======
A prank call, also known as a crank call or nuisance call, is a form of practical joke over the telephone. This includes threatening someone over the phone as well as hanging up the phone once the receiver has picked up the phone. Repeated prank calls can amount to harassment, stalking or even bullying. It is important to use common sense and realise that prank calls can cause fear and distress to other people.
Which types are prank calls are considered offences?
- Threatening to kill someone (not necessarily the person you called) over the phone with the intention that they will believe you.
- Threatening to cause serious harm to someone (not necessarily the person you called) over the phone with the intention that they will believe you.
- Threatening that you have left/will leave an explosive or dangerous object somewhere with the intention that they will believe you.
- If you menace, harass or cause offence to a person over the phone, either by what you are saying or the way you are saying it.
The penalties for making threatening calls can be very serious.
Calls to emergency services (000)
- Dialling '000' and pretending that there is an emergency. Penalty – 3 years imprisonment.
- Dialling '000' for a reason other than an emergency situation. Penalty – 3 years imprisonment.
The penalties for making prank calls to emergency services can be very serious.
Calls are not only considered to be prank calls when it is threatening. Other types of prank calls may be classified as harassment depending on the words said, time and its circumstances.
So it is possible that you are not intending to threaten someone over the phone, but if your calls are annoying the receiver, they can ask their mobile company or the police to investigate and trace the prank call.
What can I do if I receive a prank call?
Hang up immediately. If you keep getting prank calls, you can make a complaint to the local police. They can then investigate, and, if necessary, prosecute the person who made the call.
You can also contact your phone company to help. For example, Telstra has a special call centre to help customers who are receiving unwanted phone calls. However your phone company is not obliged to disclose the information of the person calling you, unless asked by the police.
If you receive a phone call, you should not:
- Find out yourself who the caller is – this may be dangerous
- Threaten the caller
- Pretend you are a police officer when receiving the phone call (Impersonating a police officer)
If you threaten the caller or pretend to be a police officer, this may result in you being investigated for a criminal offence.
Stalking by prank calls
Unwanted contact through any technological means that happens more than once and causes concern or fear may constitute stalking. This means that repeated prank calls may be considered stalking. The penalties for stalking by prank calls can be very serious.
Bullying by prank calls
Repeated prank calls may also be bullying. If the prank calls becomes harassment, or illegal threats, then it becomes a form of bullying. Please refer to our Bullying section.
This information was last reviewed 6th June 2010.


Waves generated by a load moving on an ice sheet over water
Date
2018-07-25
Authors
Nugroho, Widijanto Satyo
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Abstract
A load moving on a floating ice sheet produces a deflection of the ice sheet. In this Dissertation, three problems associated with mathematical models of the ice water system are examined. A mathematical model involving a steadily moving rectangular load on an ice sheet where the supporting fluid is of infinite depth is analyzed. The solution is written as a Fourier integral and is estimated using an asymptotic method. The results show that the amplitude of the ice deflection is similar to the case where the supporting fluid is of finite depth. The only significant difference is that, in contrast to the case where the supporting fluid is of finite depth where a quiescent zone appears behind the load when its speed exceeds the speed of gravity waves on shallow water, waves appear behind the load for all supercritical load speeds. A mathematical model of an ice plate that takes into account the thickness of the ice is derived by assuming that the vertical shearing forces vary linearly through the ice plate. The equations obtained are similar to those used to describe a mathematical model using a thin plate approximation subjected to in-plane forces. A comparison of the dispersion relation is carried out between the mathematical model of an ice plate that takes into account the plate thickness, the mathematical model of an ice plate using the thin plate approximation, and the mathematical model of an ice plate using the thin plate approximation subjected to in-plane forces. The results show that taking the ice thickness into consideration decreases the minimum phase speed. However, this effect is small. The major contribution of this Dissertation is the determination of the large time response of the deflection of an ice sheet caused by the steady motion of an impulsively-started point load. The results obtained are new. The solution of the ice deflection is written as a Fourier integral and asymptotic methods are used to estimate the large time behaviour of the rate of change of the ice deflection with respect to time. The large time behaviour of the ice deflection itself is inferred from this estimate. This is done for the full range of load speeds and the results are verified numerically using the Fast Fourier Transform. The results in this Dissertation show that the minimum of the phase speed is the only critical speed, in the sense that no finite steady-state is attainable. At this speed the ice deflection grows logarithmically with time. This is in contrast with the case of a line load where there are two critical speeds: the minimum of the phase speed at which the ice deflection grows as the square-root of time, and the speed of gravity waves in shallow water at which the ice deflection grows as the cube-root of time. For a point load, it is found that the transient part of the ice deflection decays as the cube-root of time when the load speed is the speed of gravity waves in shallow water. The asymptotic estimates also show that the decay or the growth rate of the transient component of the ice deflection does not depend on either the relative orientation of the observation point and the load or on the distance between the load and the observation point.
Description
Keywords
Plates (Engineering), Mathematical models, Fluid dynamics, Finite element method, Mathematical analysis
Citation


Strategies around handling duplicate contacts and merging
Balancing Act
This article covers the concepts around de-duplicating contacts. If you want to jump to the chase and learn how to run the de-dupe process, please see our screen cast on de-duping.
Every organizing strategy has to manage a balancing act when it comes to entering contacts into your database:
 1. On the one hand, we don't want to create duplicates. If we are importing a record for Alberto, and Alberto is already in the database, we want to update his record, not create a duplicate.
 2. On the other hand, we don't want to update the wrong record. What if the new Alberto we are bringing into the database is different from the one in our database? If we update our existing record, it will create a big mess.
This balancing act has to be re-enacted in many very different situations. For example:
 - When importing a spread sheet
 - When a staff person enters a record by hand
 - When a person makes a contribution via a public contribution page
 - When a person registers for an event
 - When someone fills out a profile online or fills out a webform
Dedupe rules
CiviCRM decides whether to create a duplicate or merge with an existing contact based on a set of de-dupe rules.
A de-dupe rule essentially says: Every time a new contact is about to be entered, see if there are any existing contacts in which the following fields are the same. If there is an existing contact, then update that contact rather than creating a new one (if there is more than one matching contact, the first one found is updated).
As you can imagine "the following fields" is the critical part.
Some organizers rely exclusively on email address matching rules. If the email address is the same, then we declare it to be the same.
Other situations require more nuance. For example, what if someone registers several people to an event but doesn't know all of their email addresses? They might enter their own email address for all of them.
Some organizers require that the first name, last name and one of the following match: email, phone or street address.
Your dedupe rules page
The best place to start thinking about de-duplication and merging is with your de-dupe rules page. Here's a screen cast on how to work with Dedupe Rules
This page lists the rules that CiviCRM follows when determining if two contacts are the same person or not.
You can access it via: Contacts -> Find and Merge duplicate contacts
The default settings look like this:
Since we don't use Households, you can ignore those rules.
That leaves rules for handling organizations and rules for handling individuals.
Let's focus on individuals.
You can create as many rules as you want, but you always must have at least one "Unsupervised" rule and at least one "Supervised" rule.
The "Supervised" rule is used by default anytime a contact is added by someone who is logged in and paying attention. In other words, when you manually add a contact.
The "Unsupervised" rule is used all other times. For example: when a user registers for an event or makes a contribution or fills out a profile. In addition (and this is a bit unintuitive), it is also used during imports. While there is a logged in user who is paying attention, they are not able to review every single one of the imported contacts. As a result, the "Unsupervised" rule is used.
What a dedupe rule looks like
If you click to edit a dedupe rule, you can see how it works.
If you pick one that is "reserved" (meaning you can't change the rule), it might look like this:
This rule is pre-configured to trigger if the first name, last name and email address all match.
This screen also shows you how to change a rule's settings from General to Supervised or Unsupervised.
Additionally, you can create your own rules, but that is best left for later.
How do I use these rules?
At any time, you can use these rules to find duplicate records in your database and merge them. That process is covered in our Dedupe screencast.
However, there are many other ways to use these rules.
Importing
When importing contacts, you can choose what to do with duplicate records.
But there's more... you can also choose which dedupe rule you want to use for every individual import.
For example, your default unsupervised rule might be to match on email address only. That could work for most imports. But one day you might import records that don't have an email address. For that import, you may need to use an import rule that matches on name and street address.
Profiles
If you are collecting data via profiles, you can click the Settings link, then expand the Advanced accordion and modify what action to take if a duplicate is found (note: profiles always use the Unsupervised rule):
This setting only applies to stand-alone forms. If a profile is part of a contribution or event registration form, then the contribution/registration information will always be added to the matched contact (if one is found).
Events
With online event registration pages, you can specify which dedupe rule should be used. By default, the unsupervised rule will be chosen, but you can change it:
For example, if you always want duplicates created for event registration, you could specify an impossible to match de-dupe rule for a particular event.
How to create your own dedupe rule
Now that you have the big picture, you may want to create some custom de-dupe rules. Here's a screen cast on how to work with Dedupe Rules
You can do that by going to Contact -> Find and merge duplicates and clicking the button to add a new rule.
Here's an example rule that can be useful:
You can select any field you want from the field drop down.
The length column allows you to specify the length of the field you want to search. For example, if you chose First Name and length 3, then it would only match the first 3 characters of the first name, so "Jamie" and "James" would be considered a match. Despite the usefulness of this feature we discourage it's use because it causes your database queries to slow to a crawl and often timeout..
The weight column describes what score a match should get.
Lastly, the Threshhold column determines what total score should decide if it's a duplicate or not.
In the example above, if the first name, last name and email address match, the score would be 3 + 3 + 1, or 7. Since that matches the threshhold it would be considered a duplicate. If the email, phone and street address matched, it would only add up to 3, not enough for the score to match.
So, what should my strategy be?
If in doubt, set your Unsupervised rule to be quite strict (like first name, last name and email address) and regularly search for and merge duplicate records. It's far better to have a database full of duplicates than to try to untangle records that were merged that should not have been merged.
Category:
Collecting and Managing Contact Information


text:
Policies aiming at promoting entrepreneurship are in general formed on national levels, without any consideration of differences between urban and rural areas. Usually, cities are provided with better and more modern infrastructure; cities have better supply of physical, financial and human capital, and connected services, and cities have a more modern industrial structure in the sense that their shares of growing industry are higher. Thus, it is possible that policies for entrepreneurship, which in general are designed for urban areas, might be less effective when they are implemented in rural areas. A first step to test the validity of this hypothesis could be to investigate the differences between cities and countryside regarding self-employment propensity and factors affecting the choice to become self-employed. Based on an exceptionally rich data set containing very detailed socio-economic and geographical information on all residents in Sweden, this paper examines: (a) the scope and structure of self-employment propensity in urban and rural areas, respectively, in Sweden, divided into full-time and part-time self-employment, and (b) the importance of a number of attributes that may have an impact on individuals' propensity to start an enterprise in the two area types. Variables being tested are connected to demography and education, labor market status, plant characteristics, self-employment experience, financial resources, family links and regional attributes. The main results indicate that self-employment entry is influenced by the same factors in the same way in urban and rural areas. However, countryside's industrial structure has a smaller share of growing industries. The fact that countryside's startups follow the existing industrial structure means that this "modernity gap" between densely built up areas and countryside remains. From a policy perspective, this must be seen as a serious problem for countryside's growth potential. This gives an argument for designing a special entrepreneurship policy for the countryside in order to increase its share of growing trades and thereby modernize its industrial structure.
New York: Springer-Verlag New York, 2013. Vol. 50, no 2, 479-514 p.


6 Things You Should Know About "Perjury" Laws
This article explains the law in California
Under California Penal Code 118 pc, perjury is when you intentionally provide false information that you know to be false while you are under oath1.
How Does The Prosecutor Prove Perjury?
To prove that someone is guilty of perjury, the prosecutor has to prove the following facts or elements2:
 - You took an oath to provide3 information in a truthful manner.
 - You willfully4 stated that the information was true knowing that it was in fact false.
 - The information was material5
 - When you made the statement, you intended to testify falsely while under oath6
 - When the information is in a form of a declaration, certification, or deposition, the defendant signed and delivered his/her declaration/deposition/certificate to someone else intending that it be circulated or published as true.7
Examples Of Perjury
 - You typed up a declaration per your lawyer's request that contained information that you knew to be false even though you signed the declaration under the penalty of perjury.
 - You were a witness at a friend's homicide trial where you knowingly and intentionally testified falsely while under oath, providing an alibi for your friend.
 - You are a notary public who authenticated a document you knew was forged under the penalty of perjury.
 - You are a defendant in an hit and run accident and during a deposition, you falsely testified under oath that when you approached the plaintiff's car after the accident, you detected a strong smell of marijuana; you in fact knew that this was not the case.
Who Can Be Charged With Penal Code 118?
If you were under oath to tell the truth in oral or written form but you knowingly provided false information, and in the case of information in written form (i.e. declaration), you intended the information to be circulated or publicized to others, you can be charged with perjury under penal code 118.
You are the passenger in a vehicle that has been the cause of an accident. The driver of the vehicle flees the scene of the crime and commits a violation of vehicle code 20002 VC – Hit and Run.
During a trial you tell the court under oath that he did not hit the vehicle in question. Under this scenario, you may be guilty of perjury.
Legal Defenses to Perjury Charges
There are several defenses that an attorney can assert to fight a charge of perjury under penal code 118 pc.
Mistake Or Misunderstanding
Because one of the elements is that you willfully make a false statement, if you honestly but mistakenly believed your statement to be true, you attorney can argue this defense.8
You Attempted to Correct a False Statement
If you attempted to correct the statement after it was made, that attempt may show that you did not intend to provide false information.9
There was Insufficient Evidence Of Perjury
Where the only proof of the falsity of your statement is the testimony of one other witness which contradicts your statement, it is insufficient to prove perjury.10
However, distinguish this from such evidence emanating from your own statement. In other words, if the statement is false based in whole or in part on your own testimony, the jury can conclude that such evidence is sufficient to establish perjury.
If you had attempted to dissuade that witness you could be charged with dissuading a witness or victim under california penal code 136.1
What Are The Penalties & Punishment For Perjury?
Perjury is a felony offense in California, so the penalties are harsh.
The judge has discretion to issue the penalty how he sees fit based on the following factors:
 - Seriousness of your perjury,
 - Your criminal record,
 - Whether your perjury harmed another person.
The judge can issue any of the following penalties:
If your perjury caused another individual to be convicted and executed, you could be found guilty of what's called "aggravated perjury" which is punishable by a life sentence in prison without the possibility of parole, or a death sentence.
Next Steps If You Need Help
For general questions please leave them in the comments below and we will answer them promptly.
If you would like to discuss a pending case with an attorney11 from out firm contact the Aizman Law Firm at _PHONE_ for a free confidential consultation.
 1. An oath is an affirmation or any other method authorized by law to affirm the truth of a statement. []
 2. Elements. Penal Code 118; CALCRIM No. 2640. []
 3. Could be in a form of testimony, declaration, deposition, or certification. []
 4. Someone commits an act willfully when he or she does it willingly or on purpose. CALCRIM No. 2640. []
 6. Specific Intent to Testify Falsely Required. People v. Viniegra (1982) 130 Cal.App.3d 577, 584 [181 Cal.Rptr. 848]; see also People v. Hagen (1998) 19 Cal.4th 652, 663–664 [80 Cal.Rptr.2d 24, 967 P.2d 563] [discussing intent requirement for perjury]. []
 7. Penal Code Section 124; People v. Griffıni (1998) 65 Cal.App.4th 581, 596 [76 Cal.Rptr.2d 590] [delivery requirement applies to "declaration"; discussing at length meaning of "deposition," "declaration," "certificate," and "affidavit"]; Collins v. Superior Court (2001) 89 Cal.App.4th 1244, 1247 [108 Cal.Rptr.2d 123]People v. Post (2001) 94 Cal.App.4th 467, 480–481 [114 Cal.Rptr.2d 356]. []
 8. Good Faith Belief Statement True Negates Intent. People v. Von Tiedeman (1898) 120 Cal. 128, 134 [52 P. 155] [cited with approval in People v. Hagen (1998) 19 Cal.4th 652, 663–664 [80 Cal.Rptr.2d 24, 967 P.2d 563]]; People v. Louie (1984) 158 Cal.App.3d Supp. 28, 43 [205 Cal.Rptr. 247]. []
 9. People v. Baranov (1962) 201 Cal.App.2d 52, 60–61 [19 Cal.Rptr. 866]. []
 10. There must be some other evidence that the defendant's statement was false that corroborates the testimony of the witness. People v. Di Giacomo (1961) 193 Cal.App.2d 688, 698 [14 Cal.Rptr. 574]; Penal Code Section 118(b). This other evidence may be direct or indirect. []
 11. Our perjury defense attorneys practice law throughout Los Angeles, Orange county, Ventura County, Santa Barbara County, San Bernadino County, Riverside, Van Nuys, Long Beach, Encino, Santa Monica, Santa Clarita and throughout Southern California []
1 comment
how do you feel about someone lying to get a restraining of civil harassment? Nothing they stated had any truth to it. At the time of the hearing can the judge charge that person with perjury if in fact that she can not provided any truth and the defendant can prove it?
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text:
A stock ledger is a set of records with regards to the stock or inventory of the business. Most businesses have stock which they buy and sell at a profit.
These stocks need to be accounted for to ensure that the company is making profit in order to stay in business. Pilferage and damage must be reduced to as low a level as possible. Hence, the stock ledger is a simple but important recording document.
It is to record the type of stock the business acquires and tracks its flow. The selling and purchase prices of every stock are recorded to compute the profit or loss. The quantity of stock is also recorded to ensure that the company will not lose business due to unavailable stock. This column of information prompts the company to reorder its required stock.
The expiry date of a stock is also registered to ensure that the stock is not sold beyond its expiry date. This information will allow the company to move out stocks nearing their expiry dates quickly while ordering new stock.
A stock ledger helps to identify popular or fast moving stocks and slow moving stocks. This will help the company increase its profits with more fast moving stock.
The stock ledger template may contain:
* Company Name
* Received date / Issue date
* Quantity Order
* Quantity Received
* Quantity Issued
* Batch number
Consider the attached sample template for your convenience.


text:
Quijote-png: Quasi-maximum likelihood estimation of primordial non-gaussianity in the nonlinear dark matter density field
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Future large-scale structure surveys are expected to improve current bounds on primordial non-Gaussianity (PNG), with a significant impact on our understanding of early universe physics. The level of such improvements will however strongly depend on the extent to which late-time nonlinearities erase the PNG signal on small scales. In this work, we show how much primordial information remains in the bispectrum of the nonlinear dark matter density field by implementing a new, simulation-based methodology for joint estimation of PNG amplitudes ( fNL) and standard Lambda cold dark matter parameters. The estimator is based on optimally compressed statistics, which, for a given input density field, combine power spectrum and modal bispectrum measurements, and numerically evaluate their covariance and their response to changes in cosmological parameters. In this first analysis, we focus on the matter density field, and we train and validate the estimator using a large suite of N-body simulations (QUIJOTE-PNG), including different types of PNG (local, equilateral, orthogonal).


Every spring, adult herring congregate in huge numbers to spawn along the coastal shores. Between February and April, depending on location, the females lay their sticky eggs on seaweed, sea grass, or rough rocks. On average, each female lays 20,000 eggs. The males spread their sperm, turning large swaths of the ocean into a characteristic turquoise blue color. Depending on the intensity and size of the spawning population, spawning activity lasts 2 to 4 days. Due to their long incubation period at relatively shallow depths, herring eggs are susceptible to a variety of physical and biological dynamics such as wave action and predation. As a result egg mortality is very high. However eggs can even still develop if they temporarily fall dry (–> see video).
A spawn event can stretch over many kilometers of shoreline. Approximately 5,285 km (or 18 %) of British Columbia's extensive 29,500 km coastline have been classified as herring spawning habitat. Of this, an estimated 300 to 600 kilometres, or about 1.8 % of BC's total shoreline length, is intensively utilized by herring spawners in a typical season. Unlike salmon, herring do not die after spawning, and they spawn every year.
Freshly laid herring eggs on bladder kelp in the intertidal. Photo: Mark Wunsch
Monday, October 7, 2013


text:
By Homer R. Peterson II, P.E., CSP
Many construction contracts that are executed today include terms that allow termination of a company either for cause or for the convenience of the terminating entity. As owners and general contractors become increasingly concerned about construction safety, terminations for cause for alleged shortcomings in general contractors' and subcontractors' safety performances will likely increase in number.
Neither an owner and a terminated general contractor, nor a general contractor and a terminated subcontractor, are likely to have the same knowledge and understanding of construction safety practices. These disparities can lead to disputes when a contractor does not agree that its safety performance on a project should result in a termination of its contract for cause. If under the contract terms there is a substantial monetary difference for a termination "for cause" versus "for convenience" and the parties are unable to negotiate a termination settlement, costly litigation may be required to resolve their dispute.
CASE STUDY – Termination for Cause or for Convenience?
I consulted on an arbitration case involving the termination of a construction contractor. The key question was whether the terminating entity (TE) was justified by the terms of the contracts in removing the terminated contractor (TC) for its safety performance, or lack thereof, on a project. TE contended that the following constituted breaches of its multiple contracts with TC on the project.
- TC repeatedly failed to meet the safety requirements of its contracts.
- TC personnel were the cause of multiple on-site safety incidents.
- TC had received citations from TE for multiple near-miss incidents at the work site.
- TC failed to implement appropriate safety procedures despite several notices from TE.
TE served TC with written notice of default. Per the contract terms, TC timely proposed steps to cure the breaches alleged by TE. TC's curative steps included, but were not limited to:
- TC would improve its written safety program.
- TC would provide additional documented safety training for all of TC's employees including field personnel, supervision, safety staff, and management.
- TC would implement a new zero-tolerance policy that included future terminations of any of TC's employees committing violations related to four types of safety hazards.
- TC would conduct documented investigations, determine root causes, and implement corrective actions for all of TC's future accidents and incidents, including near misses, at the project.
- TC would use a third-party safety consultant for safety support and additional site safety audits.
TE rejected TC's proposed cure for the contended breaches and removed TC from the project for cause related to its safety performance with a proviso that the removal would convert to a termination for convenience in the event that the termination for cause was disallowed as a result of dispute resolution.
TC filed for dispute resolution via arbitration as required by its contracts. The Arbitral Tribunal ruled that the cure proposed by TC was adequately responsive to the breaches contended by TE, that TC had been terminated for TE's convenience rather than for cause, and awarded monetary compensation to TC.
Construction Industry Standards for Terminations "for Cause" Related to Safety
There are no construction industry standards or OSHA regulations regarding termination of a contractor due to the contractor's safety record on a project. In the absence of such standards for termination of a contractor due to the contractor's safety record, one must look to the construction contract(s) to decide the appropriateness of termination for cause.
There is no organization that serves as a clearing house or depository for information related to contractor terminations. Knowledge of the reasons for contractors' terminations and the specific contract language governing such terminations is neither distributed nor widely known in the construction industry. Confidentiality agreements are often used to protect the terms of settlements of termination disputes from public scrutiny. Although it may be possible to determine contract language governing terminations through case-by-case reviews of court records for those cases that are adjudicated in court, complete contracts and transcripts of witness testimony and exhibits for those cases are not readily available to the construction industry. Therefore, comparisons of a contractor's termination to similar terminations of peers in the contractor's trade(s) can be problematic. When comparisons to other terminations is not feasible, construction safety experts may be needed to evaluate the contractor's safety program and safety practices and then to compare those programs and practices to construction industry safety standards.
Construction Industry Safety Standards
The safety standards applicable to the construction industry include mandatory construction safety regulations promulgated by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), voluntary guidance provided by OSHA, voluntary guidance provided by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI), and voluntary guidance provided by industry trade associations such as the Associated General Contractors of America (AGC).
- OSHA's regulations governing construction safety are found in the federal register in 29CFR§1926 "Safety & health regulations for construction".
- OSHA provides safety guidance to construction contractors in its publication OSHA 3885 titled "Recommended Practices for Safety & Health Programs in Construction" published in 2016.
- ANSI provides safety guidance to construction contractors in its consensus standard A10.38-2013 titled "Basic Elements of an Employer's Program to Provide a Safe and Healthful Work Environment – American National Standard for Construction and Demolition Operations".
- AGC provides safety guidance to construction contractors in its publication titled "Basic Company Safety Program Development Guide".
OSHA Construction Safety Regulations
OSHA promulgated its safety regulations under the authority granted to the agency by the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 (the OSH Act) which imposed duties on both employers and their employees in its Section 5 (Duties). OSHA's construction safety regulations do not have specific requirements concerning the contents of construction contractors' safety programs, nor do they specify the means and methods to be used by construction contractors in providing safety training to their employees.
Regarding safety training, OSHA construction regulation 29CFR§1926.21(b)(2) requires: "The employer shall instruct each employee in the recognition and avoidance of unsafe conditions and the regulations applicable to his work environment to control or eliminate any hazards or other exposure to illness or injury." In using the phrase "recognition and avoidance of unsafe conditions", OSHA recognizes that unsafe conditions will be found on construction sites. Similarly, in using the phrase "to control or eliminate any hazards" in the regulation, OSHA recognizes that not every potential hazard, or unsafe condition, can or will be eliminated from construction sites. Whenever unsafe conditions are present on construction sites, OSHA requires that they be controlled through appropriate employee training.
Employee training is only effective when employees apply their training to the performance of their work. For this reason, Section 5 (Duties) of the OSH Act imposed this duty on employees: "Each employee shall comply with occupational safety and health standards and all rules, regulations, and orders issued pursuant to this Act which are applicable to his own actions and conduct." When an employee has been provided with appropriate hazards training but fails to use that training to avoid the hazards, that employee has failed to comply with Section 5 of the OSH Act and has engaged in "unpreventable employee conduct". Instances of unpreventable employee conduct can be used by contractors as affirmative defenses against citations for violations of OSHA regulations and are therefore worthy of consideration as mitigating factors in a termination for cause related to safety performance.
OSHA Construction Safety Guidance
According to OSHA's safety guidance, the core elements of the recommended practices for safety and health programs in construction include management leadership, worker participation, hazard identification and assessment, hazard prevention and control, education and training, program evaluation and improvement, and coordination for employers on multi-employer worksites.
ANSI Guidance for Construction Employers' Safety Programs
ANSI A10.38 provides guidance concerning the key program elements of construction employers' safety programs including employer commitment and responsibility, requirements for competent persons, pre-task safety and health analysis, new-hire orientation, training, employee participation, inspections, incidence investigation and recording, substance abuse policy, disciplinary procedures, and emergency response planning.
AGC Guidance for Contractors' Safety Programs
AGC provides guidance in its construction safety program development guide that contractors should provide "tools of the trade" such as employee safety training, new employee orientation, on-site safety inspections, accident investigations and incident reporting, disciplinary procedures for safety violations, and accurate recordkeeping for occupational injuries and illnesses. AGC also recommends a drug and alcohol program as an ancillary program.
Determining Whether a Construction Contractor Was Terminated for Cause or for Convenience
Triers of fact face challenges when determining whether a contractor was terminated for cause related to its safety performance or for the convenience of the terminating entity. It is noted here that termination disputes often cannot be resolved for years after the termination; and that triers of fact, whether judges, juries, or arbitrators, will likely consider the following in making such a determination.
- Whether the occupational health and safety management system (OHSMS) implemented by the terminated contractor was appropriate for the scope and complexity of the contractor's work (OSHA considers an employer's size and resources to be a factor when determining penalties related to enforcement of OSHA's safety regulations and most construction contractors consider their company's size and resources, and also the size and complexity of their projects, when determining the safety measures to be implemented for their work.)
- Whether the terminated contractor created, executed, and monitored a safety program that was appropriate for the work that the contractor was to perform under the terms of its contract(s)
- Whether the terminated contractor executed and monitored its OHSMS and managed its safety program in a way that a reasonable and prudent construction contractor would have executed and monitored its OHSMS and managed its safety program on a similar project
Parties disputing whether termination


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Definition of association. Meaning of association. Synonyms of association
Here you will find one or more explanations in English for the word association. Also in the bottom left of the page several parts of wikipedia pages related to the word association and, of course, association synonyms and on the right images related to the word association.
Definition of association
AssociationAssociation As*so'ci*a"tion (?; 277), n. [Cf. F. association,
LL. associatio, fr. L. associare.]
1. The act of associating, or state of being associated;
union; connection, whether of persons of things. ''Some.
.. bond of association.' --Hooker.
Self-denial is a kind of holy association with God.
2. Mental connection, or that which is mentally linked or
associated with a thing.
Words... must owe their powers association.
Why should... the holiest words, with all their
venerable associations, be profaned? --Coleridge.
3. Union of persons in a company or society for some
particular purpose; as, the American Association for the
Advancement of Science; a benevolent association.
Specifically, as among the Congregationalists, a society,
consisting of a number of ministers, generally the pastors
of neighboring churches, united for promoting the
interests of religion and the harmony of the churches.
Association of ideas (Physiol.), the combination or
connection of states of mind or their objects with one
another, as the result of which one is said to be revived
or represented by means of the other. The relations
according to which they are thus connected or revived are
called the law of association. Prominent among them are
reckoned the relations of time and place, and of cause and
Meaning of association from wikipedia
to: voluntary association
who voluntarily enter
into an agreement
football, commonly known
or soccer, is a sport played between
of eleven players
with a spherical
- a voluntary association
(also sometimes called
association, or just an association) is a
- a trade
association, also known
as an industry trade
group, business association
association, is an organization founded
- the football
association, also known simply
as the fa, is the governing
body of football
in england. oldest football association
- a professional association
organization, or professional
society) is usually
- the german football
association. (deutscher fußball-bund. dfb) is the governing
body of football
. a founding member
of both fifa
- as a legal
entity, the organisation
may be a co-operative society, a company limited
by guarantee, an incorporated association
- the american library association
(ala) is a non-profit organization based
in the united states
that promotes libraries
- the most common purpose
of these associations
is'maintaining or improving
of their employment
this may include


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physical activity tracking, hybrid classifier, health feedback
Lack of physical activity is becoming a killer of our healthy life. As a solution for this negative impact, we propose SmartCare to help users to set up a healthy physical activity habit. SmartCare can monitor a user's activities over a long time, and then provide activity quality assessment and suggestion. SmartCare consists of three parts, activity recognition, energy saving, and health feedback. Activity recognition can recognize nine kinds of daily activities. A hybrid classifier that uses less power and memory with satisfactory accuracy was designed and implemented by utilizing the periodicity of target activity. In addition, a learning-based energy saver was introduced to reduce energy consumption by adjusting sampling rates and the set of features adaptively. Based on the type and duration of the activity recorded, health feedback in terms of the calorie burned was given. The system could provide quantitative activity quality assessment and recommend future physical activity plans. Through extensive real-life testing, the system is shown to achieve an average recognition accuracy of 98.0% with a minimized energy expenditure.
Tsinghua University Press
Hui Liu, Rui Li, Sicong Liu et al. SmartCare: Energy-Efficient Long-Term Physical Activity Tracking Using Smartphones. Tsinghua Science and Technology 2015, 20(4): 348-363.


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EPA May Finally Release Final Ozone Standards
EPA says it will release in late July 2011 its final primary and secondary standards for ground-level ozone. The standards were initially scheduled to be released in August 2010, then October 2010.
The agency is issuing new standards after it determined that the ones approved during the George W. Bush administration weren't grounded in science, didn't protect public health with an adequate margin of safety, and didn't protect the environment. The primary standard is intended to address human health concerns, and the secondary standard is supposed to address environmental impacts.
When released, the final standards should be available at:
For much more information on the standards, see the TipSheet of Oct. 27, 2010.


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2015 年 18 巻 4 号 p. 535-541
Sweet sorghum bagasse (SSB) is a soil amendment with potential for biofuel production. This study was conducted to determine the appropriate techniques for application of SSB and the effect of incorporation of inorganic fertilizer (IF) on the production of komatuna (Brassica rapa) plants. SSB was applied to the surface of the plant or incorporated into soil. The N fate of IF was evaluated by using 15N-labeled IF. The combination of surface application of SSB and incorporation of IF to soil decreased the N uptake by komatsuna plants but increased dry weight, whereas the incorporation of IF and SSB gave lower komatsuna dry weight than IF treatment alone. Moreover, the application of SSB tended to increase the N distribution from IF to komatsuna with decreased N loss from the plant-soil system. These results showed that surface application of SSB is effective for increasing crop production due to reduction of N loss and improved N use efficiency.


text:
Anthurium Plant online with Ferns N Petals. Order Anthurium red plant with free shipping in India.Learn More
CHAPTER 2 - SOIL AND WATER
In the example above, 1 m 3 of soil (e.g. with a depth of 1 m, and a surface area of 1 m 2) contains 0.150 m 3 of water (e.g. with a depth of 150 mm = 0.150 m and a surface area of 1 m 2). This results in a soil moisture content in volume percent of: Thus, a moisture content of 100 mm/m corresponds to a moisture content of 10 volume percent.Learn More
m sand plant pudukkottai - ready mix plant at kataragama
Silica sand processing & sand washing plant equipment. Sinonine silica sand processing & sand washing plant specializes in producing sand products suitable ...Learn More


Atomic Mouse
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Atomic Mouse
Atomic Mouse issue 1.jpg
Atomic Mouse #1 (Mar. 1953). Cover art by Al Fago
Publication information
Publisher Charlton Comics
First appearance Atomic Mouse #1 (Mar. 1953)
Created by Al Fago
In-story information
Abilities Flight, super strength
Atomic Mouse is a funny animal superhero created in 1953 by Al Fago for Charlton Comics,[1] depicted as an ordinary mouse who is shrunk by an evil magician and given U-235 pills that grant him super powers, which he uses in his fight for justice against the evil Count Gatto.[2] The strip bearing his name ran to 54 issues over eleven years, and many of his stories were reprinted during the mid-1980s by the American Comics Group.
In 2001, Atomic Mouse was licensed by the furry comic company Shanda Fantasy Arts.[3]
Fago imitated his own character by creating Atomic Rabbit (a.k.a. Atomic Bunny) and Atom the Cat, both of whom had costumes and powers similar to those of Atomic Mouse.
2000s revival[edit]
Atomic Mouse #1, published by Shanda Fantasy Arts in 2001.
In 2001, Shanda Fantasy Arts licensed the character and gave him a new origin. The City of Rodentia is menaced by an asteroid, so Professor LaSerne invents a machine to bring a drawing to life, and uses an old copy of Atomic Mouse comics. The new redesigned Atomic Mouse stops the asteroid, and takes up life on his new planet. He enters into a romantic relationship with Lil Mouse (a mouse of color) who draws his comic book. A backup feature was about the Legion of Almost Villains, who were always trying to make a reputation for themselves by defeating Atomic Mouse, who was unaware of them. In issue #3, Atomic Mouse met the Atomic Mouse of the old Charlton Comics. And in a one-shot, Atomic Mouse vs. Power Jack and the Lost Menagerie, Atomic Mouse meets and helps a thinly disguised Captain Carrot and his Amazing Zoo Crew from DC Comics.
 1. ^ Donald D. Markstein. "Toonpedia: Atomic Mouse". Retrieved 2007-02-14.
 2. ^ Wisconsin Historical Museum. "Living Under a Mushroom Cloud: Fear and Hope in the Atomic Age". Archived from the original on 29 January 2007. Retrieved 2007-02-14.
 3. ^ Connecticut Historical Society. "Charlton Comics: a brief history". Archived from the original on 2007-09-27. Retrieved 2007-02-14.
External links[edit]


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History of the swan
The 'Swan Inn' was opened in 1861 by Mr George John Swann. Mr Swann had previously been manager at the Queen's Hotel during the period when the German Legion were camped on the Queen's Parade opposite the Hotel in 1857 on the Legion's return from the Crimea War.
Mr Swann did all the catering for this legion and with the profits made decided to start on his own account and became the first Landlord of the Inn and it became known as the 'Swan Inn".
An anecdotal story from the local newspaper tells us that on every Easter Monday there were sports held in the gardens, including cock fighting in pits.
The following is an extract from a letter from Mr Swann's grandson to the proprietor in 1949.
A Mr Cocks followed as Landlord until about 1880 when the Inn was taken over by Mr Reeves the father of Mr George Pryor Reeves who died at the Inn several years ago (1938).
The following items may be of interest to you:
The Architect who designed all the roads in this new part of Farnborough had his office and lodging at the Inn. In 1869 the Rateable Value of the Inn was 13.10.0 and the total ANNUAL Rates amounted to 27/- (Good old times).
There were two Parish Constables in 1869 each being paid the sum of 1.0.0 per year. Their names were J White and A Young.
In 1861 on the site which is now the R.A.E. there were usually a Brigade of Cavalry camped every Spring time and during the month of August the whole of the land now used for Flying was covered with tents accommodating about thirty thousand Volunteers and Militia.
The Inn was enlarged by adding the two bay window portions to give more room to the workers of the newly built Army Balloon Factory.
Until the 1890's it was all open ground opposite the Inn and the only exciting item was the running of the Trams from Farnborough Station to North Camp Station via "Queen's Hotel". The Trams always stopped at the "Swan" to refresh both horses and driver.
Thanks to Jo Gosney for providing the above information.


Pipeline: Split a CSV File
In this Page
I want to take a CSV file and split the data out into two other CSV files. While this is not a typical use case for SnapLogic, it does provide examples of how to use several Snaps.
Snaps Used
For this scenario, the following Snaps are used:
 - File Reader
 - CSV Parser
 - Filter
 - Router
 - Sort
 - CSV Format
 - File Writer
Other Requirements
 - A sample CSV file loaded into the SnapLogic file system. This example refers to a employee directory file, directory.csv, that contains the following columns: Name, Location, Extension, Email, Title, Department, Dept ID.
 1. Upload your CSV file to the SnapLogic file system. See the Files Page topic for more information.
 2. Create a new pipeline by clicking the (+) tab.
 3. Add and configure a File Reader Snap.
 - For the File field, select the file you uploaded in Step 1. Because you are accessing the file system, no authentication information is needed.
 4. Add a CSV Parser Snap. You will use the default configuration.
 5. Add and configure a Filter Snap. If your source file is a company directory and you only want data for the Sales team, you would configure the Filter Snap with an expression to restrict the data to just that, for example:
 $Department == "Sales"
 Be sure to select the expression toggle (=) in front of the field.
 6. Add and configure a Router Snap.
 - Determine which information you want to route to each of the two files you will create. In this example, you will filter by the Location column and move some groups to one file and the rest to the other file.
 - Add a row for each expression you want to process, for example:
 $Location == "Field" to output0
 $Location == "HQ" to output1
 output0 and output1 are the default values for the first two output views. To rename the views, you can edit them on the Views tab.
 7. (Optional) Add and configure two Sort Snaps, one off of each Router output. If you want to sort the data being written to the files, then you would add a Sort Snap.
 - Add a Sort Path and set it to the column you want to sort by. To sort by more than one column, add additional values.
 - Set Sort Order to the correct value.
 8. Add two CSV Format Snaps, one off of each Router output. You will use the default configuration.
 9. Add and configure two File Writer Snaps, one off of each Router output.
 - For each output, set the File Name to the name of the file where you want the results written to, including a path if necessary. See File Writer for information on how to write files to different locations. If written to the SnapLogic database, you can access the files through Manager.
 - Add the appropriate account type for the location where you want to write the files to.


text: Bar straightening is an important work before the bar is applied as qualified products. In this paper, the mechanics of the straightening process is analyzed in detail on the base of conjugate quadric theory. A simulation program is developed with the investigation of straightening process as well. The equations, which describe roll contour curve and the longitudinal section, are given and simulated in computer. And a brief method of designing and drawing the straightening roll contour curve is introduced.


Babycare During Covid – The Himalayan Task for Mothers!
Babycare During Covid - The Himalayan Task for Mothers!
Last Updated on
Babycare has always been a Himalayan task for parents. And, in the current covid conditions, it is going to be tougher, as it needs more effort. Working moms are the ones who might be getting affected more. Still, we can see mother's who are not taking this condition seriously. Babies need extra care these times.
In the case of working moms, as they have to go outside daily, they have to be more careful about themselves. They have to make sure that they are not becoming carriers. They must be extra vigilant in masking, sanitizing and distancing. Once they reach home, they must keep their belongings separately where the baby cannot reach or outside the house, head to the bathroom and take a shower, wash their clothes and only then go to their baby. They should also never kiss their babies. If possible, they must try to wear masks while coming in contact with their babies and always make sure their babies never come in contact with anything you take outside.
Wash your hands at regular intervals, even if you are not going outside, as your hands come in contact with a lot of things, which might have the virus. Always wash everything that comes to our house from outside, whatever it may be. Try to clean the areas where babies usually come in contact. In case they touch something from outside, wash their hands immediately.
Grandparents, siblings, everyone loves to play with babies. Allow that after making sure about their safety. Those who come in contact with babies must be clean and sanitized.
And the most important thing – Never allow any outsiders to come in contact with your baby. Practice saying No politely and explain the reason. They will surely understand as the whole world knows the reason behind it.
Babycare needs more effort these days. You need to be more vigilant and careful these days only for your baby. Others will understand. Through our safe, caring hands and lovely restrictions, our babies can get through this pandemic safely.


Butterfly Lighting
Butterfly lighting uses only two lights. The key light is placed directly in front of the subject, often above the camera or slightly to one side, and a bit higher than is common for a three-point lighting plan. The second light is a rim light.
This lighting may be recognized by the strong light falling on the forehead, the bridge of the nose, the upper cheeks, and by the distinct shadow below the nose that often looks rather like a butterfly and thus, provides the name for this lighting technique.


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Packaging Pharmaceuticals With Aluminum Seals: A Look At The Differences Between Cold Forming And Thermoforming Blister Packs
Universal health greatly improved once medications for numerous deadly diseases were developed. Almost all diseases and medical conditions can now be treated with medicine, and the total nominal spending on medicines in the U.S. has now surpassed $329 billion each year. Oral medications are generally packaged in blister packs with an aluminum seal. If you own your own pharmacy, you can choose to package the tablet with one of the two following methods: cold forming or thermoforming.
A Better Look at Cold Forming Aluminum Seal Blister Packs
Cold forming aluminum seal blister packs are made entirely with aluminum seals and foils. These blister packs laminate an aluminum seal onto an aluminum base using a mold. The mold will create the indentation, or cavity, where the medication will sit in. Cold forming aluminum seal blister packs tend to be more expensive to manufacture thanks to higher material costs and slower production speeds; however, this method is still preferred by many pharmacies and manufacturers because the aluminum in the cold forming aluminum seal blister packs:
- Acts as a barrier for moisture, light and oxygen. This prevents any external elements from affecting the pharmaceutical and reduces the risk for contamination of any kind.
- Increases the expiration of the products. Since it is unlikely for the medicine to be disturbed after it has been packaged, the perfect preservation of the condition and property of the medicine will prevent it from losing its chemical integrity.
- Increased tamper resistance. It is easy to quickly tell whenever the packages have been tampered with or damaged. Resealing the packaging is not a possibility once it has been opened.
Further Insight Into Thermoforming Aluminum Seal Blister Packs
Cold forming aluminum seal blister packs rely on only aluminum seals to form the entire packaging. Thermoforming aluminum seal blister packs, on the other hand, incorporate plastic with the aluminum as well. In this technique, the cavity where the medicine sits is constructed from clear, thermoformed plastic. The plastic is then placed on top of heating plates, which make it more pliable, and then an aluminum seal is the applied overtop.
Thermoforming aluminum seal blister packs are not as secure as cold forming aluminum seal blister packs because moisture and oxygen can still enter the packaging. The plastic also exposes the packaged medication to ultraviolet rays from light. Although thermoforming aluminum seal blister packs are not as foolproof and secure, they do offer some distinct benefits, which include:
- Low cost. The use of thermoformed plastic instead of aluminum greatly reduces material costs. In addition, the production speeds for thermoforming aluminum seal blister packs are also faster. These blister packs are compatible with universal feeders, which are responsible for sweeping the medications into the cavities.
- The ability to examine the packaged medication without having to open the package. The clear plastic makes it easy to check to make sure the right type of medication is given to patients.
- Tamper resistance. Once again, it's easy to check for any tampering with thermoforming aluminum seal blister packs. The clear plastic allows patients to determine whether the medication was damaged and whether the packaging was opened.
Thermoforming and cold forming aluminum seal blister packs are among some of the most common packaging methods recommended for the pharmaceutical industry. These packaging options are portable and difficult to break. In addition, they provide an easy way for patients to keep track of the amount of pills they have taken. Aluminum is one of the better metals to work with when packaging medication. It's cost-efficient and also resistant to bacteria, fungi and other pathogenic microbes making it perfect for the medical industry.
You can also check out sites like _URL_ for more info.