Equal Credit Opportunity Act - ECOA
DEFINITION of 'Equal Credit Opportunity Act - ECOA'
A regulation created by the U.S. government that aims to give all legal individuals an equal opportunity to apply for loans from financial institutions and other loan granting organizations. The Equal Credit Opportunity Act (ECOA) states that individuals cannot be discriminated upon via factors that are not directly related to their creditworthiness. It prohibits creditors and lenders from considering a consumer's race, color, national origin, sex, religion or marital status in deciding whether to approve their loan or credit application. Financial institutions also cannot deny credit based on age, as long as the applicant is of legal age and has the mental capacity to enter into a contract, nor can they deny credit because the applicant is receiving public assistance.
BREAKING DOWN 'Equal Credit Opportunity Act - ECOA'
When you apply for a mortgage, the lender will ask you about some of these facts under federal requirements that are supposed to help prevent discrimination, but you are not required to respond. The only accepted factors that can be used to determine whether or not an individual is acceptable for a loan are relevant financially related information such as one's credit score, income and existing debt load.
Another aspect of the ECOA allows each spouse in a marriage to have his or her own credit history in his or her own name. That being said, if you have any joint accounts with your spouse, these accounts will appear on both of your credit reports, so your spouse's financial behavior can still have a positive or negative impact on your credit score.
While the ECOA prohibits lenders from basing their decisions on your marital status, some loans, such as mortgages, might require you to disclose that you are making required alimony or child support payments. And if you receive child support or alimony and it represents a significant source of your income, you might need to disclose it in order to qualify for a loan. You could be denied a loan if, for example, your child support payments combined with your other financial obligations mean that you don't have enough money to repay the loan as required. You cannot be denied a loan simply because you are divorced, though.
Organizations found in violation of this act could potentially face class-action suits. If found guilty, the offending organization could have to pay out punitive damages totaling up the lesser of $500,000 or 1% of the creditor's net worth.
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text:
Darrell Buttery, who has died aged 81, was a schoolmaster, heritage campaigner, historian, diarist, collector and leading light of the cultural life of his beloved city of York.
By profession a teacher of English literature, Buttery was described by a colleague as one of York's "most knowledgeable, passionate and devoted citizens". As chairman and president of the city's Civic Trust, long-serving chairman of its Georgian Society and a member of its Conservation Advisory Panel, he was an indefatigable opponent of any planning development he felt offended against its heritage.
He was particularly proud of his role in public opposition to "Coppergate 2" – the largest commercial scheme ever proposed in the city, with a footprint bigger than the Minster – that would have crowded the banks of the Foss and encroached on the Norman landmark of Clifford's Tower.
While the city council fought to advance the plan, the Civic Trust condemned it as "architectural vandalism". Buttery himself, having declared it "gargantuan" as well as simply not good enough for such a sensitive site, endured aggressive cross-examination during the subsequent public enquiry which led to its refusal by the Secretary of State in 2003.
A fluent public speaker for all occasions, Buttery deployed elegant manners, sonorous tones and a sardonic sense of humour. At one Civic Trust AGM, his wheelchair-bound comrade-in-arms, the architect Patrick Nuttgens, was heard to say: "Excuse me for sitting down. I'm exhausted by listening to the chairman."
Darrell George Buttery was born at Guisborough on May 15 1941, the only child of Thomas Buttery, who followed his own father into the butchery trade before becoming an insurance agent and, for a time, manager of the ABC cinema in York. It was during those years of Darrell's childhood that his fascination with heritage was sparked by "pushing open church doors – York had lots more of them then."
Thomas would have preferred a son who liked sport rather than buildings and books. Darrell – who was much closer to his mother Ruby, née Wiskard – completed his education at Guisborough Grammar School and Durham University, where he read English and was president of the union.
He began his teaching career at Ashville College in Harrogate before becoming head of English at Wootton Bassett School and returning to York to teach from 1974 to 1985 at Nunthorpe Grammar, a "splendid" school, in his estimation, that was "smashed" by the decision to merge it into a comprehensive.
Many pupils there had found him inspirational, one recalling not only being introduced by Buttery to Laurence Sterne's Tristam Shandy ("rather off-curriculum") but, most memorably, "his Local Studies course… basically a way of bunking out of school early on a Tuesday afternoon" to spend time wandering round the city discovering its architectural gems and byways.
One such was Fairfax House, then "still decorated like a 1970s nightclub", now one of England's finest Georgian town-house museums, many of its artefacts having come from Buttery's personal collection.
He also presided with aplomb over an annual Georgian Ball at the city's Assembly Rooms for sixth-formers from Nunthorpe and a nearby girls' school.
He went on to teach at Queen Mary's girls' school at Baldersby Park near Thirsk until his first retirement in 2001, when a lunch encounter with the chair of governors of Pocklington School led to 10 days' temporary cover at the end of Michaelmas term – which turned into five more years' teaching and a governorship of what he considered a "wonderful" school.
Buttery was elected as a Conservative member of Harrogate borough council in the 1970s. He was governor of York's Company of Merchant Adventurers in 2002-03 and the curator of paintings in its medieval timber-framed hall until the end of his life. He was also an active member of the city's philosophical society.
Among Buttery's published works were The Vanished Buildings of York (1984), Pictures of York Minster from the 17th Century to the Present (2007) and (with co-authors) The Streets of York: Four Centuries of Change (2018), as well as histories of Nunthorpe Grammar and Pocklington School.
It was while teaching at Nunthorpe that Buttery began keeping a waspish journal of the life of the school; he eventually donated the complete 47-year collection of his diaries to the Borthwick Institute for Archives of York University, where he was a much-valued member of the Court.
Darrell Buttery was a deputy lieutenant of North Yorkshire and was appointed MBE in 2018. A lifelong bachelor, he was, as one friend put it, "a gregarious loner… always supportive of young people, rarely critical of others, always kind".
He was also a celebrated host at his Georgian villa overlooking York Racecourse, which he filled with a remarkable collection of furniture, paintings, costumes, "Yorkiana" and other curiosities that caught his eye.
Darrell Buttery, born May 15 1941, died July 27 2022

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
With his software groovebox, Trace Reddell applies the tools and strategies of the DJ to the performance of literary interpretation and critical speculation.
Introduction by Joseph Tabbi
Trace Reddell's "Litmixer: The Literary Remediator" is what critical writing could look like once scholars and critics begin making use of the performative possibilities within networked environments. With his software groovebox, Reddell applies the tools and strategies of the DJ to the performance of literary interpretation and critical speculation. Jacques Derrida's essay, "Plato's Pharmakon," becomes in Reddell's hands not so much a master text as a set of recording masters, less a source of supporting citations than a sampling source to be played off against related discourses - on music, drugs, technology. And it's all presented in the context of a "user's manual," a rhetorical framework that both participates in techno-culture and invites further activity on the part of the reader/listener/user.
>>-->go to the lit-mixer

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text: In this paper the ionospheric effects of the solar eclipse of October 24, 1995 were investigated using a two-dimensional ionospheric theoretical model. In the calculations, only the depression of solar EUV fluxes during the course of the eclipse was taken into account under the solar eclipse condition. (1) During the period of the eclipse, the optical effects were quite clear at the lower altitudes of the ionosphere, while the responses to the eclipse were weaker, delayed, but longer in duration at the higher altitudes. (2) The lower the magnetic latitude, the stronger was the response to the solar eclipse. In low latitude regions, the values of f0F2 on the eclipse day were lower compared with those under the control conditions, whereas hm F2 values were higher. (3) Near the magnetic equator there was a sharp transition in hmF2 after the maximum phase of obscuration, and a solar F1.5 layer appeared below the normal peak height of the F2 layer. (4) After the maximum phase, the effects of the eclipse lasted longer near Hainan, and a secondary depression occurred over the magnetic equator. The mechanisms that may be responsible for the eclipse-caused effects are discussed here.


text:
Should wellheads be above or below the ground surface?
Posted: June 2, 2010
Many private well owners in Pennsylvania have wellheads that are buried below the surface of the ground. This may be appealing to homeowners that don't like looking at a pipe sticking up in the middle of their yard, but research studies have demonstrated a clear benefit to having an extended wellhead.
What problems can a buried well cause?
Wells that are buried below the ground can have numerous disadvantages to wells that are extended above the ground surface. The most obvious disadvantage is that the well is not easily accessible by the well driller in the event that it needs to be serviced. Often the homeowner is unaware of the wells exact location underground, which can lead to added expense if the driller needs to do some investigating.
Wells buried below the ground surface are also more susceptible to bacterial contamination. Research studies conducted at Penn State University have found that wells buried in pits are more likely to have the presence of coliform bacteria than wells that are extended above the earth's surface.
What can you do to fix your buried well?
Fortunately, it is not usually difficult to extend a wellhead above the ground. A qualified water well driller should be able to weld or thread extra casing to your existing well and raise it above the ground. If the well was buried in a pit, it should be filled in with bentonite grout to the land surface. A sanitary or vermin-proof well cap should also be installed on the newly extended casing to ensure that surface contamination can not enter the well. As an added protection, the ground should be sloped away from your wellhead in all directions to prevent any surface water from ponding around the well.
After having the well extended, it would be a wise to take a sample of your drinking water to a state certified water testing lab for analysis. If the water tests positive for coliform bacteria then steps should be taken to disinfect the well. Information on coliform bacteria can be found at the link below.
How high should the well casing be extended above the ground?
Any distance is better than having it buried below ground, but it is ideal to extend the well casing at least 12 inches above the ground surface.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


extractMS: Extract embedded mass spectrometry data
Description Usage Arguments Details Value
View source: R/MsDat-API.R
Description
Extract mass spectrometry data from an object with class binMS, class filterMS, or class msDat.
Usage
1
extractMS(msObj, type = "matrix")
Arguments
msObj
An an object with class binMS, class filterMS, or class msDat.
type
A character string with value either "matrix", or "msDat". If "matrix" is provided as the argument, then the mass-to-charge values, charge values, and mass spectrometry data are combined into a single matrix and returned. If "msDat" is provided as the argument, then an msDat object containing this data is returned.
Details
A convenience function for extracting and inspecting the mass spectrometry data in a binMS, filterMS, or msDat object. binMS and filterMS objects are lists that contain an msDat object, and specifying "msDat" for type merely returns the msDat element from the list for these classes of object. specifying "msDat" for an object with class "msDat" merely returns the argument, i.e. is the identity function. When "matrix" is specified, then the elements in the embedded msDat object are combined into a single matrix using cbind and returned.
Value
Returns either a matrix containing the mass spectrometry data if "matrix" is specified as the argument to type, or an object with class msDat if "msDat" is specified as the argument to type. See Details for more detail regarding the return objects.
dpritchLibre/PepSAVIms documentation built on Oct. 1, 2017, 4:14 a.m.


text:
Calif. caves in to heat, humiditygreenspun.com : LUSENET : Grassroots Information Coordination Center (GICC) : One Thread
Calif. caves in to heat, humidity Tuesday, 3 July 2001 16:58 (ET)
Calif. caves in to heat, humidity By HIL ANDERSON, UPI Chief Energy Correspondent
LOS ANGELES, July 3 (UPI) -- Just two days after Gov. Gray Davis boasted that Californians had slashed their electricity consumption by 12 percent, a wave of hot, muggy summer weather pushed the state's power supply to the brink.
A Stage Two power alert was issued shortly before noon Tuesday as inland temperatures headed into the 90s toward the 100-degree mark while coastal temperatures topped 80.
Peak demand during the late afternoon hours was expected to top 41,000 megawatts (MW) at which time the amount of power expected to be available will be barely enough to meet demand, according to projections from the California Independent System Operator (ISO).
"Northern California's appetite for power is 1,000 MW over forecast due to temperatures that are hotter and more humid than meteorologists predicted,"the ISO said in an advisory. "Because the heat wave is regional in nature,levels of imported power have decreased as other states, especially those in the Southwest, also cope with high demand for power."
Tuesday was the second consecutive day in which a Stage Two alert has been called after more than a month of fairly normal operations on the ISO-controlled grid.
On Sunday, Davis had announced that the state had reduced its electricity consumption in June by an impressive 12 percent.
"Californians are doing a phenomenal job of conserving energy," Davis said. "I asked Californians to reduce electricity usage by 10 percent and they have come through big time."
The weather in June, however, was relatively benign compared to the sultry heat wave that began over the weekend over both the northern and southern halves of the state. Peak demand topped 40,000 MW 10 times in June and has already gone above that level twice in July after only three days into the month.
The heat and humidity have also spread across the state line into Arizona and Nevada, where the Las Vegas area experienced a 45-minute rolling blackout on Monday. Around 10,000 residents were left without air conditioning by the outage, but Nevada Power Co. said in a statement that the situation was handled promptly.
"While inconvenient for some customers, this situation served as a fire drill to signify that conservation does matter," said Nevada Power spokesman Paul Heagen. "Large resorts and commercial and industrial customers were approached by the company to shed load, and they collectively shed 50 MW. These customers effectively ended our condition red and avoided additional outages."
While a Stage Two alert is called when California's power reserves fall below 5 percent of total demand, it also triggers a new price-control mechanism that is aimed at limiting the price spikes on the wholesale spot market where the state begins to scrape together extra megawatts.
The power industry has bridled at any kind of price ceiling on their wares, and the Los Angeles Times reported that confusion over just what the eventual price would be for the electricity prompted at least five power sellers to back out of the California market on Monday.
"Since they don't know what they are going to get paid, they are not going to take the risk and are not going to sell the energy," Ray Hart, deputy director of the California Department of Water Resources, told the Times.
It remains to be seen if this unwillingness by some brokers to sell power to California will continue or exacerbate the need for blackouts. -- Copyright 2001 by United Press International.
-- Martin Thompson (_EMAIL_), July 03, 2001
It was a disgusting 116 yesterday in Phoenix and because of my electric plan I suffer between the hours of 1 pm and 8 pm by turning off the AC. At any other time it is dirt cheap to operate. Salt River Project, my electric provider is offering a $250 credit towards the purchase of a new, energy efficient heat pump/air conditioner. My AC is probably ancient and very inefficient. Californians have made an effort at conserving by swapping out lights bulbs and installing programmable thermostats but I want to go on record as saying, "if we truly wanted to mine conservation it would save more than the output of dozens and dozens of new power plants. Additionally those plant would have to consume fossil fuels thereby placing price pressures on the supply. Conservation should be our first effort always. But I guess they can't teach you common sense in school.
-- Guy Daley (_EMAIL_), July 03, 2001.
It's not just a matter of the generators wondering how much they will be paid, but it will soon be a matter of if they will be paid. With so much of their money already tied up in Limbo this has to be a very important consideration for them.
I expect more and more suppliers will be exiting the California market as the Summer progresses.
-- Wayward (_EMAIL_), July 04, 2001.


text:
Vitality of rural areas and the rural operating environment
The vitality of rural areas is improved through various projects strengthening collaboration and a sense of community and improving the infrastructure. In the countryside, services and their accessibility require a great deal of work, collaboration and innovations. Improved telecommunications connections provide rural entrepreneurs with better operating possibilities and make rural areas more pleasant for residents. Projects concerning leisure and cultural activities, for instance, activate young people and open up new opportunities for them. Services for the elderly and their and quality of life can also be improved through projects.
Ms Marianne Selkäinaho, tel. +358 295 16 2218,
E-mail: forename.surname(at)mmm.fi [marianne.selkainaho]


text:
on the art and science
of acoustic instruments
Table of Contents
Buy now and save 50% at
Also available from the
© 2000–2013 Cristiano
All rights reserved.
Musical Mathematics Pages
What is the difference between fact and opinion? A fact is a thing or an
event that people — with different opinions or beliefs — accept as a real or
Every civilization encounters moments when it ceases to grow and develop. The
unwillingness to recognize, contemplate, understand, and assimilate new facts
defines the problem: it is always easier to agree than to dissent.
As a student of history, I have consistently read, studied, and absorbed original
texts and sources. In other words, I avoid textbooks.
In future installments, I will continue to offer pages from my manuscript on
pivotal subjects that have been discarded, intentionally ignored, or


text:
1966 年 35 巻 3 号 p. 193-197
A gas lens of laminar flow type is made with which preliminary experiments is performed. Experiments ascertain that there exists an imaging action in this type of gas lens. Two kinds of experiments are conducted to confirm this action. One is to make real images with a gas lens and another to constitute a telelescope using a gas lens. In the former experiment, real images are produced by changing not only the distance between the gas lens and the imaging plane butalso the temperature. gradient of the gas lens. In the latter experiment, a Keplerian telescope is: made with the use of the gas lens for an object lens and a concave mirror for an eye lens. Fairy good photographs are obtained.


text:
The effect of hydrogen pressure and of reaction temperature on the phase transformation from Mg to MgH2by exposure of Fe doped metallic Mg to hydrogen gas has been studied with the purpose of evaluating the importance of operative parameters on the hydrogen storage characteristics of this system. Two temperatures have been investigated and, for each temperature, two values of the hydrogen gas pressure. The gas pressure has been adjusted in order to induce the same thermodynamic driving force in samples processed at different temperatures, with the aim of separating the effect of temperature from the one of gas pressure. Experimental results show that the reaction mechanism is independent from the value of the operative parameters which, instead, influence strongly the absolute value of the kinetics constant. Sample microstructure during phase transformation is affected in a major way by the reaction temperature, with the gas pressure playing a minor role. © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
- Mechanics of Materials
- Mechanical Engineering
- Metals and Alloys
- Materials Chemistry
Montone, A., Aurora, A., Mirabile Gattia, D., & Vittori Antisari, M. (2011). Effect of hydrogen pressure and temperature on the reaction kinetics between Fe-doped Mg and hydrogen gas. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 509(SUPPL. 2), -. _URL_


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Invicta - Ignis
Last Edited:
Category: Stove Client: Invicta Design Competition Completed: 2012
 - The domestication of fire by man was a turning point in its history. It is now time to give it back its meaning as a "living object" of the habitat, an interior element with its place in the heart of our uses.
 The living space is moving increasingly towards scholars games of concealment, it offers the user to make the invisible visible in order to arouse his curiosity.
 This project proposes to support these new uses that reinforce the idea that the fire is and will remain central to our lives.
 Ignis is a Latin word meaning "spirit" and it is the spirit of fire that we have to transpose into a warm object. Beyond lighting and heating, it proposes a more dreamlike use, conducive to contemplation and interacts with the viewer.
 Ignis is a radiant stove, wanting revisit the place of fire insied the habitat. It offers an innovative design and is integrates it into warm life scenarios, and provides a scattering light, efficient, functional and emotional. Its intuitive use gives it a leading role in the development of rituals, as a storage for fire, a meeting point and a relaxation place. It can be used in a frontal configuration or as center part. Finally, his second skin allows it to distribute heat more gently.
 - Ignis acts as a filter of the light emitted by the fire, he then transcribed into a kind light protest. By delicate play of shadow and light its facade was designed as a living wall. It transposes the fire in a gradient of yellowish glow, sometimes vermilion, with fire sparks suspended in the air. The light is more or less diffuse, flickering and brief.
 Ignis steps forward as a true piece of furniture. As such it will shape the space as a main element, a module or a junction unit. Ignis is a volume with clear lines, a balance between minimalism and maximalism. Its sleek design has been especially studied to adapt to a variety of indoor environments and give a special note to the habitat.
 Ignis is a framework for fire, its pure line magnifies it and does not disturb the reading. It is an inside composition, a living nature, dramatized by light and modulated by the user.
 Its perforated walls work as a mobile veiling device. They hide part or every of the light emitted by the fireplace to create a scene and give a second graphic vocabulary to the object. These filters transform a screen flame in a mysterious light, playing on mobility flickering fire. The eye is drawn to the illuminated pattern, it is almost alive.
 A rail allows to slide the walls, prompting the user to interact with the fireplace. It can be fully visible, partially hidden, or completely hidden.
 Its appearance and proportions are voluntary based on home furnishings storage, like the sideboard. For this reason the upper plan can accommodate objects and the right side can serve as a reserve for wood logs. His cast iron feet bring him stability and lightness by taking its up off the ground.
 - Finally, the color is of fundamental importance in structuring our home, it allows the dynamic, it permits us to project our character and our emotions. Ignis plans to develop a custom range of colors to expand the vision of the stove in our mind.A blue calm and reassuring contrast with the strong character of the flames. A red symbol of vitality and power. A khaki green, a soothing and more natural color. A white bringing a spirit of relaxation and lightness. A black symbol of tradition, expertise and mastery of material.
 Industrial Design : Julien Bergignat
Comments: ( Comments )


text:
Definitions for unixism
This page provides all possible meanings and translations of the word unixism
An idiom or behaviour that is characteristic of the Unix operating system.
The New Hacker's Dictionary
A piece of code or a coding technique that depends on the protected multi-tasking environment with relatively low process-spawn overhead that exists on virtual-memory Unix systems. Common unixisms include: gratuitous use of fork(2); the assumption that certain undocumented but well-known features of Unix libraries such as stdio(3) are supported elsewhere; reliance on obscure side-effects of system calls (use of sleep(2) with a 0 argument to clue the scheduler that you're willing to give up your time-slice, for example); the assumption that freshly allocated memory is zeroed; and the assumption that fragmentation problems won't arise from never free()ing memory. Compare vaxocentrism; see also New Jersey.
Find a translation for the unixism definition in other languages:
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The Fahey/Klein Gallery is pleased to present Young Men & Still Lifes by German photographer, Herbert List --- The first exhibition of his legendary homoerotic male nudes in Los Angeles in over 25 years. List's playful but austere, classically arranged compositions taken in Italy and Greece have become an indelible influence in modern and contemporary photography. Diary-like images of friends and still lives with found objects gave birth to a style that half a century later would influence fashion or lifestyle photography of masters like Bruce Weber or Herb Ritts.
Herbert List (1903 -1975) was born into a prosperous Hamburg merchant family and began an apprenticeship at a Heidelberg coffee dealer in 1921 while studying literature and art history at Heidelberg University. During travels for the coffee business between 1924-28, the young List began to take photographs, almost without any pretensions to art.
In 1930, though, his artistic leanings and connections to the European avant-garde brought him together with the American photographer Andreas Feininger, who introduced his new friend to the Rolleiflex, a more sophisticated camera that allowed a deliberate composition of images. Under the dual influence of the surrealist movement on the one hand, and of Bauhaus artists on the other, List photographed still life and his friends, developing his style. He has described his images as "composed visions where [my] arrangements try to capture the magical essence inhabiting and animating the world of appearances."
After leaving Germany in 1936 in response to the danger of Nazi police attention to his openly gay lifestyle and his Jewish heritage, he turned his hobby into a profession. Working in Paris and London, he met George Hoyningen-Huene, who referred him to "Harper's Bazaar". Dissatisfied with the challenges of fashion photography and hired models, List instead focused on composing still lifes. The images produced there would later be compared to the paintings of Max Ernst and Giorgio de Chirico, and paved the way for List's role as the most prominent photographer of the Fotografia Metafisica style.
Greece became List's primary interest from 1937 to 1939. After his first visit to the antique temples, sculptures and landscapes, his first solo show opened in Paris in the summer of 1937. Publications in Life, Photographie, Verve and Harper's Bazaar followed, and List began work on his first book, Licht über Hellas, which wasn't published until 1953.
Working in Athens, List hoped to escape the war but was forced by invading troops to return to Germany in 1941. Because of his Jewish background, he was forbidden to publish or work officially in Germany. Several works, stored in a hotel in Paris, have been lost. In 1944 List was deployed by the German Wehrmacht to Norway where he served as a map archivist.
In 1951, List met Robert Capa, who convinced him to work as a contributor to Magnum. He turned his interest towards Italy from 1950 to 1961, photographing everything from street scenes to contemplative photo-essays, from architectural views to portraits of international artists living in Italy. He discovered the 35mm camera and the telephoto lens in 1953. His work became more spontaneous and was influenced by his Magnum colleague Henri Cartier-Bresson and the Italian Neo-Realism film movement.
Herbert List's work has been collected, exhibited, and published internationally. List's work is held in Centre Georges Pompidou (Paris, France), Fotomuseum im Münchner Stadtmuseum (Munich, Germany), The J.Paul Getty Museum (Los Angeles, CA), ICP (New York, NY), The Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York, NY) Musée de l'Elysée (Lausanne, Switzerland), The Museum of Fine Arts (Boston, MA,) The Museum of Modern Art (New York, NY) and The San Francisco Museum of Modern Art (San Francisco, CA), among others.
Past publications of Herbert List's work include The Magical in Passing (Silvana Editoriale, Milan, 2014), Herbert List: The Monograph (Ed. Max Scheler with Matthias Harder, texts by Bruce Weber Edmund White. Monacelli Press, New York, 2000), Italy (Ed. Max Scheler, Thames & Hudson, 1995), Herbert List: Junge Männer (Ed. Stephen Spender, Thames & Hudson, 1988,) Napoli e i suoi personaggi (Ed. Vittorio De Sica, Rizolli, 1968) Nigerian images: the splendor of African sculpture (Ed. William Fagg, Frederick A. Praeger, 1963), Caribia : ein photographisches Skizzenbuch von den Caribischen Inseln (Rowohlt, 1958), Licht über Hellas: Eine Symphonie in Bildern (München: G.D.W. Callwey, 1953), and more.


text:
Dynamics of chevron structure formation
Shalaginov, A.N., Hazelwood, L.D. and Sluckin, T.J. (1998) Dynamics of chevron structure formation. Physical Review E, 58, (6), 7455-7464. (doi:10.1103/PhysRevE.58.7455).
Full text not available from this repository.
The natural structure for smectic-A liquid crystals arranged in a sample with homogeneous boundary conditions is the so-called bookshelf structure with uniform layers perpendicular to the sample cell plane. However, this structure often deforms into the so-called chevron structure when the sample is cooled. This deformation is usually thought to result from the mismatch between bulk and surface layer thicknesses. In this paper we study the dynamics of chevron formation. Two possible scenarios are envisaged. In one of these there is strong coupling between layer deformation and fluid flow, and in the other the fluid essentially does not move. In this paper we examine the first scenario, leaving the second, slower relaxation mode for another paper. Analytic solutions are found for near-critical deformations, and numerical solutions are found beyond the critical regime.
|Digital Object Identifier (DOI):||doi:10.1103/PhysRevE.58.7455|
|Subjects:||Q Science > QA Mathematics
Q Science > QC Physics
|Divisions:||University Structure - Pre August 2011 > School of Mathematics > Applied Mathematics
|Date Deposited:||12 Mar 2007|
|Last Modified:||31 Mar 2016 11:54|
|RDF:||RDF+N-Triples, RDF+N3, RDF+XML, Browse.|
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text:
عنوان مقاله [English]
One of the most important sources of drinking and agricultural water needs is rivers. One of the oldest methods of getting water from rivers that still has the greatest use is the gravity intake. In this type of intake, due to the disproportionate velocity at the upstream and downstream mouth of intake, occur flow separation and following sedimentation at the upstream mouth. In this study, by use of a numerical model (SSIIM 2.0) optimized hydraulic mode of intake, so that the minimum flow separation at the upstream mouth occurs, then similar models was performed in the physical model. Results indicated that the optimum model of numerical model and the optimum of physical model (based on sedimentation data) is the same. The optimal model is 7 in 63 cm combined arc at the upstream mouth.
Keywords: Vertical lateral intake, Flow separation, Secondary flows, Numerical model, SSIIM 2


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Lesson Objective - Can I explain what the term 'equality' means?
Task 1
Read PowerPoint and write down or discuss any answers to the questions. Please email me your answer to the question 'What does equality mean? and give an example.
Equality PowerPoint
Task 2
Read the statements about women and decide whether they are true or false.


I am currently reading the book Mathematics in physics by Michael Stone and Paul Goldbart. In chapter 11, page 421, the authors say that
"Except in pathological cases, the configuration space M of a mechanical system is a manifold."
Are the authors correct? What examples are there of these pathological cases? Are there any physically relevant cases where the configuration space in classical mechanics is not a manifold? And why does configuration space have to be a manifold - what about variables taking on discrete values?
 - 1
 $\begingroup$ If the system has a configuration space of discrete values then anything which requires continuity won't apply. Like, for instance, Newton's laws. $\endgroup$ – user107153 Jan 8 '18 at 18:10
 - 1
 $\begingroup$ Don't understand either.... What's the author's definition of manifolds? Strictly speaking manifolds should always be finite dimension, right (of course you could generalize to infinite dimension but that's the generalization...)? So even "manifolds" on Hilbert space are not manifolds... $\endgroup$ – Kite.Y Jan 8 '18 at 18:36
 - $\begingroup$ This post (v1) seems to be a list question. $\endgroup$ – Qmechanic Jan 8 '18 at 18:37
Consider a pair of points $P$ and $Q$, say of mass $m>0$, and suppose that they are constrained as follows.
 1. $Q$ stays on the $z$ axis and can freely move along it up to restrictions said below.
 2. $P$ can freely rotate around $z$ and is connected to $Q$ by means of an ideal rod (zero mass) of length $\ell$, and it is also connected to the origin $O$ by means of another ideal rod of length $\ell$.
This is a quite standard idealized mechanical system (I could use it as a starting point for an exercise of my undergraduate course of Analytic Mechanics).
A suitable coordinate system to describe the system is apparently given by the signed distance $Z\in (-2\ell, 2\ell)$ of $Q$ from $O$ along $z$ and an angular coordinate $\theta\in (-\pi,\pi]$ describing the position of $P$ around $z$ in the plane $x,y$.
Well you see that, discarding the extreme points $Z= \pm 2\ell$ (they could be included with a more precise discussion, see the ADDENDUM) a disaster shows up when $Z=0$.
Concerning the set $Z\in (-2\ell, 0)$ and $Z\in (0, +2\ell)$, the space of configurations is diffeomorphic to $\mathbb R \times \mathbb S^1$. When $Z=0$ the configuration space (at fixed $Z$) instead of being $\mathbb S^1$, it becomes $\mathbb S^2$ and another set of coordinates should be used.
There are two possibilities: either declaring that the configuration space is diffeomorphic to $\mathbb R \times \mathbb S^1$ deliberately ignoring the problem at $Z=0$, or declaring that it is not a ($2$-dimensional) manifold (because each point in the subset at $Z=0$ has a neighborhood that is not diffeomorphic to $\mathbb R^2$), but is made of the union of three manifolds respectively diffeomorphic to $\mathbb R \times \mathbb S^1$, $\mathbb S^2$, and $\mathbb R \times \mathbb S^1$. In practice, with an imprecise but pictorical description (see the ADDENDUM for a precise description) it is the union of a cylinder and a sphere inside the cylinder, tangent to the cylinder at the equator. This is not a manifold because it is not locally homeomorphic to $\mathbb R^n$ for some fixed $n$ ($2$ in our case).
Generally speaking the space of configuration is almost always a manifold because it is obtained by imposing constraints on a set of $N$ matter points initially described in $\mathbb R^{3N}$. Constrains are determined by a family of $c< 3n$ real-valued functions $f_k = f_k(t,\vec{x}_1,\cdots, \vec{x}_N)$ by imposing that every admissible configuration $\vec{x}_1,\cdots, \vec{x}_N$ at any time $t$ must satisfy $$f_k(t,\vec{x}_1,\cdots, \vec{x}_N) =0\:, \quad k=1,\ldots, c\:. \tag{1}$$ If the functions $f_k$ are smooth and functionally independent, the theorem of regular values proves that (1) defines an embedded submanifold of $\mathbb R \times \mathbb R^{3N}$ of dimension $1+ 3N-c$. Fixing time $t \in \mathbb R$, we have an embedded submanifold of $\mathbb R^{3N}$, of dimension $3N-c$, called space of configurations.
The two conditions of the constraints may be false for some points and it sometimes happens in particular when dealing with constraints like rigidity in some geometrically involved way.
ADDENDUM. If $X,Y, Z$ denote the coordinate set of $Q$ and $x,y,z$ the coordinate set of $P$, both in the whole $\mathbb R^3$ space, the four constraints, corresponding to the set of conditions 1 and 2 above, read
$$f(x,y,z, X,Y,Z)=0\:, \quad g(x,y,z,X,Y, Z)=0\:, \quad h(x,y,z, X,Y,Z)=0, \quad i(x,y,z, X,Y,Z)=0\tag{2}$$ where $$f(x,y,z, X,Y, Z) := x^2+y^2+z^2 -\ell^2\:, \quad g(x,y,z, X,Y,Z) := x^2+y^2+(z-Z)^2 -\ell^2\:, \quad g(x,y,z, X,Y,Z)= X\:, \quad i(x,y,z, X,Y,Z)= Y\:.$$ These constraints are functionally independent if, by definition, their differentials are linearly independent on the set of points $(x,y,z,X,Y, Z)$ where all conditions (2) are valid.
In this case theorem of regular values implies that this set is an embedded submanifold of $\mathbb R^3 \times \mathbb R^3$ with dimension $6-4 =2$. It is clear by direct computations that the four differentials are not linearly independent (because $df=dg$) when $Z=0$. This is the problem with the said system of constraints.
A precise description of the configuration space when including also the points $Z= \pm 2\ell$ is the union of two $2$-spheres in $\mathbb R^4$ that have an equator in common.
 - $\begingroup$ Sorry, I do not know, advanced geometric formulations of classical mechanics are not part of my research field. What I wrote arises from my undergraduate lectures (I teach also Lagrangian and Hamiltonian Mechanics though my research field is QM and QFT). $\endgroup$ – Valter Moretti Feb 27 '18 at 10:29
Your Answer


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This study aims to develop an authentic assessment instrument on a volleyball game with a peer assessment system approach. This research uses research and development method. Data analysis is done by following mechanism. First the validity of the content of the instrument by the judgment ekspert analyzed using Aiken formula, obtained the validity of 0.90 count. Both test data of the validity of grain (empirical), analyzed using Product Moment formula obtained correlation coefficient of all instrument items bigger than table price with significant 5% tarap, with the meaning of all instrument items valid. The three test data of internal consistency reliability of the instrument, analyzed using Alpha Cronbach formula, obtained the calculated value of 0.82, which stated that the reliability is very high. The five practicalities of the instrument were analyzed with the T Score formula, obtained by an average score of 50, which means that the instrument is classified as practical for students. This means that the results of the research and development of the performance appraisal instrument with the peeer assessment system model in the developed volleyball game have fulfilled the validity, reliability and practical requirements, and are expected to be an evaluation tool that can be used (alternativ) by the teacher of the school in primary and secondary schools (Junior high school, high school).
Copyrights © 2015


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The Epitome of Grace and Elegance!
The Pair of Mute Swans Canvas is an outstanding Feng Shui-related canvas that captures the love and affection between swans. Living in their natural habitat, the swans are considered to be a symbol of purity, love, elegance, and grace. Their elongated neck and white feathers and a bright orange beak make them look gorgeous.
Their beauty has been captured well in the Pair of Mute Swans Canvas. Since swan is a symbol of love, the canvas can be gifted to newlywed couples or hung in the bedroom to keep the romance alive. According to Feng Shui philosophy, they also represent inner beauty, so it is perfect for those who want to re-learn how to love themselves!
ABOUT the ART
Impressionism is the 19th-century art movement that is now known for its vast collection of oil paintings. The identification of these paintings can be done by observing small and thin brush strokes. Generally, Impressionist paintings had an open composition and depicted light in an accurate manner.
It was developed by French artists. The famous Impressionist artists of this period, such as Claude Monet and Edgar Degas broke the conventional rules of art and captured light and movement in their own unconventional manner. This movement changed the course of art history.
SPECIFICATIONS and FEATURES
- Dimensions (Dia): Small- 30cm, Medium- 40cm, Large- 50cm
- Material: Canvas
- Technique: Digital Printing
- Sold with Wooden Frame with Gold Ring Frame
- Matte Finish
- Clean design and elegant look
- High quality
- Durable Art Work
- Handle with Care
GIFT BOX CONTAINS
The Gift Box that the Artment sends consists of the Pair of Mute Swans Canvas with a triple layering of bubble-wrap and safely packed in a box.
- The Pair of Mute Swans Canvas is a beautiful addition to your surrealist type home decor
- The wall art can be paired with lively greens and a plain backdrop to ensure their beauty pops
- Display the wall art on a wall with pastel colors to enhance the look of the space
- When paired with gold elements, the wall art shall become an eye-catching element of the decor
- The wall art is a perfect piece for bedrooms and private spaces


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GstarCAD Tips & Tricks - 19: Dynamic Block - Know more about parameters
Knowing more about parameters in dynamic block editor
Parameters have an appearance similar to dimensions. Parameters also specify positions, distances, and angles for geometry in block reference. When you add a parameter to a dynamic block definition, the parameter defines one or more custom properties for the block.
A dynamic block definition must contain at least one parameter. When a parameter is added to a dynamic block definition, grips associated with key points of the parameter are automatically added. You must then add an action to the block definition and associate the action with a parameter.
Point Parameter: Defines an X and Y location in the drawing. A point parameter can be associated with a move or stretch action.
Linear Parameter: Shows the distance between two anchor points. Constrains grip movement along a preset angle. A linear parameter can be associated with a move, stretch, scale or array action.
Polar Parameter: Shows the distance between two anchor points and displays an angle value. You can use both grips and the Properties palette to change both the distance value and the angle. A polar parameter can be associated with a move, scale, stretch, polar stretch, or array action.
XY Parameter: Shows the X and Y distances from the base point of the parameter. It can be associated with a move, scale, stretch, or array action.
Rotation Parameter: Defines an angle. The rotation angle can be in any value, or be defined in a range or a specified value.
Alignment Parameter: Defines an X and Y location and an angle. An alignment parameter always applies to the entire block and needs no action associated with it. An alignment parameter allows the block reference to automatically rotate around a point to align with another object in the drawing. An alignment parameter affects the rotation property of the block.
Flip Parameter: A flip parameter flips objects. You can associate a flip parameter with a flip action.
Visibility Parameter: Controls the visibility of objects in the block. A visibility parameter always applies to the entire block and needs no action associated with it. In a drawing, you click the grip to display a list of visibility states available for the block reference.
Lookup Parameter: Defines a custom property that you can specify or set to evaluate a value from a list or table you define. It can be associated with a single lookup grip. In the block reference, you click the grip to display a list of available values. You can associate a lookup parameter with a lookup action.
Base Point Parameter: Defines a base point for the dynamic block reference relative to the geometry in the block. Cannot be associated with any actions, but can belong to an action's selection set.
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Clemson Area Astronomers of Senceca, South Carolina, Photo: Ram White
The Astronomical Society of the Pacific (ASP) announced the winners of its 2011 awards for excellence in astronomy education. Many of our club members have won awards, and this year two Night Sky Network members won again!
The Las Cumbres Amateur Outreach Award, honoring outstanding educational outreach by an amateur astronomer to K-12 children and the public, goes to Lonnie Puterbaugh of Brentwood, Tennessee. Lonnie turned a minivan into a mobile display center and observatory called The Astronomy Channel. He travels hundreds of miles to share The Astronomy Chanel with astronomy clubs and organizations, and also presents locally. His van has a variety of electronic gear that lets him entertain and inform the public about astronomy even if clouds prevent sky observing. His programs include music, video and electronic images of celestial objects. Lonnie is active with two Night Sky Network clubs: Barnard-Seyfert Astronomical Society of Tennessee, and Von Braun Astronomical Society of Alabama.
The Thomas J. Brennan Award for excellence in astronomy teaching at the high school level is awarded to Mark S. Reed of Jackson High School in Jackson, Michigan. Reed has taught astronomy there for 23 years, and also teaches at Jackson's Lumen Christi High School. Among his accomplishments is the revitalization of the high school's Peter F. Hurst Planetarium, of which he became director in 1992 and which he uses extensively in his innovative teaching. He has assisted in the retrofit of the Jackson County Intermediate School District's Camp McGregor Observatory, where he is a lead teacher helping local high school students learn about CCD imaging. Mark is a member of the Amateur Astronomers of Jackson, Michigan. Read more about the 2011 ASP Annual Award Winners.


text: Urban evacuation management is challenging to implement as it requires planning and coordination over a large geographical area. To address these challenges and to bolster evacuation planning and management, joint supply and demand management strategies should be considered. In this study, we explore and jointly optimize evacuate or shelter-in-place, dynamic resource allocation, and staging decisions for an efficient evacuation plan that minimizes total risk exposure of the population threatened by a sudden onset disaster. We introduce a Cell Transmission Model based mathematical formulation and propose an exact solution methodology based on Benders decomposition. We further enhance the efficiency of the algorithm by solving the Benders subproblem using a network flow based formulation on a time expanded network, and generating valid inequalities for the master problem. We conduct extensive numerical experiments using realistic instances to test the effectiveness of the algorithm and to derive managerial insights. We find that considering evacuate or SIP, staging, and dynamic resource allocation decisions jointly, contributes significantly to the efficiency of the evacuation operations. A zone-based approach where some zones are ordered to evacuate while others shelter-in-place is superior to other approaches where an evacuate or SIP decision is given for all population at risk.


Probability of Success with Co-Data
Use of Co-Data in Clinical Trails with RBesT
Sebastian Weber
The probability of success is a very useful concept to assess the chances of success of a trial while taking uncertainties into account. In this document we briefly introduce the needed formal details, describe an example data set and then demonstrate various ways of increasing complexity how the probability of success concept can be applied to increasingly complex data situations.
The co-data concept has been introduced in [1]. It differs from the use of historical data in that the approach makes use of contemporary data. A meta-analytic-predictive (MAP) analysis assumes that historical data is known at the time-point of specyfing the analysis and is as such a retrospective summary of available data. The MAP prior is then combined with the current trial data. A co-data approach extends this sequential procedure to a meta-analytic-combined (MAC) analysis. In the MAC approach all available data is analyzed in a single step - that is, historical and concurrent data is combined in a single inference step. Both approaches MAP and MAC yield exactly the same results as is demonstrated in the appendix at the bottom. An example for a co-data scenario in drug development is the simultaneous execution of twin phase III trails for registriation. In such a setting, a futility analysis at an interim analysis may take historical an all contemporary data into account in a co-data approach. This example has been discussed in [1] using the probability of success (PoS) as metric to assess futility at an interim analysis and is discussed here in detail.
The key property of the probability of success metric is the consideration of uncertainty in parameters conditional on available data. In contrast, the conditional power (CP) calculates the frequency a given experemintal design will be successful for a known value of the parameters. For example, in a 1-sample experiment with a one-sided success criterion the trial is successful if the collected data \(y_N\) of sample size \(N\) exceeds some critical value \(y_c\); recall that the critical value \(y_c\) is determined by the success criterion, prior and sample size when evaluated. Assuming that the sampling model of the data is \(p(y|\theta)\), then
\[ CP_N(\theta) = \int I(y_N > y_c) \, p(y_N|\theta) \, dy_N.\]
The integration over the data \(y_N\) comprises all possible outcomes of the trial. Note that before the start of the trial, \(CP_N(\theta_0)\) is the type I error rate under the conventional null hypothesis (\(\theta=\theta_0\)) and \(CP_N(\theta_a)\) the power of the trial under the alternative (\(\theta=\theta_a\)). At an interim analysis at sample size \(n_I\), the conditional power is then evaluated conditional on the observed data so far (the \(n_I\) measurements) while the remaining sample size (\(N-n_I\)) is random and distributed according to \(p(y|\theta)\) with \(\theta\) set to some known value,
\[ CP_{N-n_I}(\theta|y_{n_I}) = \int I(y_{n_I} + y_{N-n_I} = y_N > y_c|y_{n_I}) \, p(y_{N-n_I}|\theta) \, dy_{N-n_I}.\]
The known value can be set equal to the observed point estimate at the interim, \(CP_{N-n_I}(\hat{\theta}_{I}|y_{n_I})\), or to the assumed true alternative, \(CP_{N-n_I}(\theta_a|y_{n_I})\), used to plan the trial.
The probability of success in contrast assigns \(\theta\) a distribution and marginalizes the conditional power over this distribution. In absence of additional trial external information this distribution is the posterior for \(p(\theta|y_{n_I})\) obtained from the prior for \(p(\theta)\) and the data collected up to the interim,
\[ PoS_I = \int CP_{N-n_I}(\theta|y_{n_I}) \, p(\theta|y_{n_I}) \, d\theta.\]
However, our knowledge about \(\theta\) can be refined if other data-sources like completed (historical) or concurrent trials are available,
\[ PoS_{I,H,...} = \int CP_{N-n_I}(\theta|y_{n_I}) \, p(\theta|y_{I},y_{H},...) \, d\theta.\]
It is important to note that the conditional power is always evaluated with respect to the trial data (and prior) only. Thus, additional data-sources are not part of the analysis of the trial. In practice this means that the probability of success is usually calculated for a trial which uses non-informative priors, but at interim we may use additional data-sources to refine our knowledge on \(\theta\) which will not be part of the trial analysis.
Example Data Scenario
In the following the hypothetical example as in [1] is discussed. The assumed endpoint is time-to-event, which is analyzed using the normal approximation of the log-rank statistic for comparing two groups. Under a 1:1 randomization the sampling distribution of the log-hazard ratio is a normal distribution with sampling standard deviation \(2\) and a standard error of \(\sqrt{4/N_{events}}\) for a sample size of \(N_{events}\). The historical data considered is a proof of concept and a phase II trial. The twin phase III studies are event driven. Each trial stops whenever a total of \(379\) events is reached and an interim is planned whenever at least \(150\) events have occured. The assumed true hazard ratio used for the design of the trial is \(0.8\).
Example data:
trials <- data.frame(study = c("PoC", "PhII", "PhIII_A", "PhIII_B"),
 deaths = c( 8, 85, 162, 150),
 HR = c( 0.7, 0.75, 0.83, 0.78),
 stringsAsFactors = FALSE
## under the normal approximation of the log-HR, the sampling sd is 2
## such that the standard errors are sqrt(4/events)
trials <- trials %>%
 mutate(logHR=log(HR), sem=sqrt(4/deaths))
kable(trials, digits=2)
study deaths HR logHR sem
PoC 8 0.70 -0.36 0.71
PhII 85 0.75 -0.29 0.22
PhIII_A 162 0.83 -0.19 0.16
PhIII_B 150 0.78 -0.25 0.16
The remaining outline of the vignette is to first evaluate the design properties of the trials, then calculate the probability of success at interim for the A trial only (using only trial A data). Next, the probability of success is calculated using in addition the historical data. Subsequently, the probability of success for trial A is calculated also using the historical data and the concurrent phase III data of trial B. Finally, the overall probability of success is calculated, which is defined by the joint success of both trials. In the appendix the equivalence of the MAP and MAC approach is demonstrated.
Statistical Trial Design Considerations
Key design choices:
Historical data:
Define design choices
Nev <- 379
alt_HR <- 0.75
alt_logHR <- log(alt_HR)
alpha <- 0.025
Power calculation
Here we use the unit information prior as non-informative prior and define it using the mean & effective sample size (ESS) specification:
## Univariate normal mixture
## Reference scale: 2
## Mixture Components:
## comp1
## w 1
## m 0
## s 2
Define conditional power for the overall trial:
## 1 sample decision function
## Conditions for acceptance:
## P(x <= 0) > 0.975
Under the alternative these design choices result in 80% power
## [1] 0._PHONE_
The impact of the unit-information prior is minimal which can be seen by comparing to the frequentist calculation:
## One-sample t test power calculation
## n = 379
## delta = 0._PHONE_
## sd = 2
## sig.level = 0.025
## power = 0._PHONE_
## alternative = one.sided
With RBesT we can explore the conditional power for a range of alternatives:
Critical value
The critical value determines at which observed logHR we just conclude that the success criterion is fulfilled.
## [1] -0._PHONE_
## [1] 0._PHONE_
We can check this:
## Using default prior reference scale 2
## [1] 1
Ok, when observing the critical value, we get a success.
Now, what if we observe a 1% worse result?
## Using default prior reference scale 2
## [1] 0
No success then \(\Rightarrow\) this is the critical boundary value.
PoS at interim for phase III trial A only
No use of historical information
Posterior of treatment effect at interim. The trial uses a non-informative prior for the treatment effect:
## Univariate normal


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The company's DeepMind artificial intelligence subsidiary has developed an AI that has learned how to navigate like a human being, the company announced in a blog post. Specifically, DeepMind's AI has developed a system of spacial awareness that mimics human's and other mammal's grid cells–specific cells in the brain that allow for vector-based navigation, which allow us to calculate the direction and a distance to a location even if we've never traveled that route before. What's most impressive about the AI's mimicking of mammalian grid cells is that the AI did it on its own–it wasn't programmed to mimic them. As the company explained in a blog post:
As a first step, we trained a recurrent network to perform the task of localising itself in a virtual environment, using predominantly movement-related velocity signals. This ability is commonly used by mammals when moving through unfamiliar places or in situations where it is not easy to spot familiar landmarks (e.g. when navigating in the dark).
We found that grid-like representations (hereafter grid units) spontaneously emerged within the network – providing a striking convergence with the neural activity patterns observed in foraging mammals, and consistent with the notion that grid cells provide an efficient code for space.
Now that AI has spontaneously learned how to navigate to different places, maybe keep it as far away from those running robots as possible.


Medicinal Plants
Tabernanthe Iboga
Tabernanthe Iboga is an herbal remedy used for neurological diseases and drug de-addiction in Folk medicines of Gabon and Central Africa. It contains Ibogaine, which is a psychoactive alkaloid and central nervous system stimulant.
The stimulation effect of Tabernanthe Iboga plant in crude or powdered form is mild, but the potential stimulation and hallucination is reported with its alkaloid or extract.
About Herb
Botanical NameTabernanthe iboga
Plant FamilyApocynacae
English NameIboga tree
Active constituentsIBOGAINE
Extract NameIndra extract
Ibogaine is a principle alkaloid of Tabernanthe iboga. The safest form is Ibogaine hydrochloride, which is used for drug addiction. There are several deaths are still reported with its use.
Ibogaine chemical formula
C20H26N2O
Ibogaine is a cyclic organic compound and Indole alkaloid.
Facts about Tabernanthe iboga
 1. Iboga extract contains 50% amount of ibogaine.
 2. The root bark of Tabernanthe iboga plant contains about 1% to 4% of alkaloid content. Thus, it contains 0.5% to 2% Ibogaine.
 3. Ibogaine hydrochloride is commonly used for de-addiction.
Medicinal parts
 - Root bark
 - Stem bark
Root bark and stem bark contains maximum active constituents.
Medicinal Properties
Tabernanthe iboga has following healing properties.
Psychedelic agentTabernanthe iboga is psychoactive herb, which alters perception and cognition.
Anti-depressantIt is used in the treatment of depression and mental stress
De-addictionIt is used for de-addiction of modern drugs.
Mild HallucinogenIt can alter sensory experiences.
Therapeutic Indications
Tabernanthe iboga is helpful in following health conditions.
 1. Mental stress
 2. Depression
 3. Opiate addiction
 4. Drug de-addiction
Tabernanthe Iboga Benefits & Uses
The therapeutic use of Tabernanthe iboga plant is generally for depression, drug addiction and other mental diseases. Here are some beneficial effects of Iboga tree.
Mental stress and Depression
However, the use of Tabernanthe iboga in mental stress and depression is not common, but it can increase serotonin levels in the brain, which can result in feeling good and getting rid of depression and negative thoughts. However, there are possible chances of developing dependence on Tabernanthe iboga for this purpose, so it should be used with caution and under medical supervision. (1)
Opiate addiction
Tabernanthe iboga in crude form, extract and its alkaloid is used in the treatment of opiate addiction. The de-addiction therapy can continue for a few days to reduce the physical dependence of person on opiate compounds. (2)
Alcohol Addiction
Studies show that Tabernanthe iboga is also effective for interrupting addiction to alcohol. It can suppress habit of alcohol intake. It might have modulating effects on neuronal system, which is involved in drinking behavior. Thus, it can reduce alcohol consumption. (3, 4, 5)
Nicotine addiction
Studies also concluded that Iboga tree and its extract could give relief from nicotine addiction. The alkaloid of Iboga plant has effects on serotonin levels in the brain, which might help reducing urge to take nicotine or other drugs. (6, 7)
Drug Addiction
Some people are using Iboga tree for getting rid of drug addiction. Iboga has anti-addiction effects. These effects have analyzed in many animal studies and reported in human. However, the pharmacological action of its extract or alkaloid is quite complex and might affect different neurotransmitters in the brain. It might have modulating effects, which helps suppressing urge to take drugs. (8, 9)
Banned In United States
Tabernanthe iboga or its compounds are banned in the United States. The use of Iboga tree is illegal in the U.S. In the United States, Ibogaine is scheduled I Drug due to its possible use as a recreational drug. It is also banned in Switzerland and Belgium. (10)
Caution & Side Effects
The ibogaine, an alkaloid of Tabernanthe iboga can cause death in about 0.33% people using it for the treatment of drug addiction. The following side effects can occur with ibogaine.
 1. Reduced heart rate or bradycardia
 2. Liver disorders
 3. Tremors (High dosages)
Many deaths of people using it for de-addiction have been associated with ibogaine use. It can cause cardiac arrhythmia. Therefore, its use without medical supervision is prohibited. (11)
Pregnancy & Breastfeeding
Tabernanthe iboga use in pregnancy and breastfeeding is POSSIBLY UNSAFE.
Contraindications
Tabernanthe iboga or its compound or alkaloids are contraindicated in all conditions without the medical supervision.
Drug Interactions
It can interact with modern drugs and other substances.
Dr. Jagdev Singh
Dr. Jagdev Singh (B.A.M.S., M. Sc. in Medicinal Plants) is an Ayurvedic Practitioner and Herbalist. He has successfully treated thousands of patients with Ayurveda (including Herbal Ayurvedic Medicine and Ayurvedic Diet). Ayur Times is an initiative of his efforts to bring quality information on Indian Medicine with the highest level of relevancy and scientific evidence.
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Pipe Stiffener Crack Detection using Alternating Current Field Measurement and Phased Array Ultrason
Advanced non-destructive testing (NDT) techniques like alternating current field measurement (ACFM) and phased array ultrasonic testing (PAUT) are being deployed on hydropower and water navigation structures more and more frequent as these structures age. This article presents a dual approach using ACFM and PAUT for detection and sizing of fatigue cracks in discharge tube fillet welds that connect a variety of different stiffener types to large diameter stiffener tubes used to transport water downstream from a dam to an upstream irrigation canal.
Fatigue Cracks in Discharge Tubes
The discharge tubes cited in this case study are large diameter steel or galvanized steel pipelines that transport water upward from the river downstream of a dam to a canal used for irrigation water. Several types of stiffeners are deployed to reinforce these discharge tubes including collar stiffeners, "T" type stiffeners and "H" type stiffeners. Each discharge pipe also uses periodically spaced supports which consist of two fillet welded collars connected via cross bracing which is also welded to the discharge tube.


text: Environment Transportation Do Electric Cars Use Oil? EV Maintenance Tips How does EV maintenance compare to that of gas-powered cars? By David M. Kuchta David M. Kuchta Writer Wesleyan University, University of California, Berkeley David Kuchta, Ph.D. has 10 years of experience in gardening and has read widely in environmental history and the energy transition. An environmental activist since the 1970s, he is also a historian, author, gardener, and educator. Learn about our editorial process Updated September 17, 2021 Fact checked by Elizabeth MacLennan Fact checked by Elizabeth MacLennan University of Tennessee Elizabeth MacLennan is a fact checker and expert on climate change. Learn about our fact checking process Share Twitter Pinterest Email An electric vehicle has fewer moving parts and less need for lubricants than a gas-powered car. Nigel Treblin/Getty Images. Transportation Automotive Active Aviation Public Transportation No, electric cars do not use oil. Since they use electricity stored in batteries to rotate the car's motor, they do not use motor oil. One of the key benefits of owning an electric vehicle (EV) is that fewer moving parts mean lower maintenance costs. Electric Vehicle Maintenance EVs do require other lubricants with maintenance needs. It's best to refer to your owner's manual for proper scheduling of fluid maintenance. Transmission Fluid Most EVs have motors with only one gear, which can spin up from 0 to 10,000 RPMs, whereas a gas-powered car needs multiple gears to shift from lower to higher RPMs. EVs have transmission systems that require fluid maintenance, but because of the specialized fluids, drivers shouldn't try to replace them themselves. Battery Coolant The lithium-ion batteries in EVs need coolant to keep them from overheating and potentially catching fire. EV battery maintenance must be done by a dealer according to the vehicle's maintenance schedule. Tesla no longer recommends battery coolant replacement on its vehicles as it did on older models, while the Chevy Bolt has a recommended replacement rate of every 150,000 miles. Brake Fluid Like gas-powered cars, EVs have brake fluid (also known as hydraulic fluid). In an EV, however, the brakes are used less frequently because of regenerative braking. Regenerative braking reduces wear-and-tear on the brake pads, but not necessarily the need to replace brake fluid on a regular basis. For electric vehicles, the range is recommended brake fluid change is roughly the same as for gas-powered cars, with Tesla and Nissan recommending fluid changes every five years. Common Lubricants Windshield washer fluid replacement is the same in EVs and gas-powered cars and should be refilled regularly. This also applies to steering fluid (for vehicles with hydraulic power steering), air conditioning fluid, as well as grease for suspension systems, door locks, wheel bearings, and other small moving parts. The main fluid that distinguishes an EV from a gasoline-powered car is—you guessed it—gasoline, and it's here that cost savings are the greatest. Calculating the cost of the electricity needed to drive an electric vehicle can be complicated, compared to the cost of gasoline. Just as those costs can vary depending on the efficiency of gas-powered cars, the efficiency of electric vehicles varies from model to model. And like gasoline prices, electricity costs vary from state to state as well. But consider this statement from the U.S. Department of Energy: "The cost to run your [electric] car over the course of a year can be less than running an air conditioner." According to a 2020 study from Consumer Reports, electric vehicles "were estimated to save consumers about 60% on fuel costs compared with the average vehicle in their class." The study also points out that as vehicles age, those savings increase even more, as the efficiency of a gas-powered engine decreases more quickly than the efficiency of an electric motor. A five- to seven-year-old used EV saves an owner two to three times more in fuel costs than a comparable gas-powered vehicle. The study estimated that electric vehicle owners could save between $6,000 to $10,000 over the life of a vehicle. Frequently Asked Questions What fluids do electric cars require? EVs require coolant, brake fluid, and sometimes transmission fluid, but none need to be topped up as frequently as they would in a gas-powered car. How often does an EV need maintenance? Even though they don't require oil changes, EVs do need to be serviced regularly—about twice annually is recommended. Services should include tire rotations and pressure checks, windshield wiper replacements, and general battery checks. Are EVs cheap to maintain? EVs are a lot cheaper to maintain than gas-powered cars because they contain fewer parts. They don't even have engines or require oil to run.


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Table of contents
Humidifier Pad Assy
The Humidifier Pad Assy from CTT Systems is a groundbreaking innovation, far surpassing the role of a mere consumable. It stands as the heart of the Humidifier Onboard system, a key innovation in the realm of aircraft humidification. Since the launch of the Airbus A380, CTT Systems has been at the forefront, crafting these essential components for all new widebody airframers.
Humidifier pad overview
The Humidifier Pad Assy by CTT Systems is distinguished by its unique Intellectual Property (IP) material, meticulously developed to meet the stringent specifications of aviation leaders Airbus and Boeing. This product transcends the role of a mere component; it is an integral sub-system within the Humidifier Onboard system, adhering to the highest standards of reliability, performance, and safety.
Innovative material development
When developing line-fit technology, CTT Systems engineers recognized that standard pad materials did not meet the rigorous aviation standards set by Boeing, Airbus, the FAA, and the FDA. In response, CTT Systems formed a strategic alliance with Munters, a leading supplier of climate solutions. Together, they engineered a new and unique humidifier pad material that not only meets but exceeds these stringent standards.
Aviation standards and OEM humidifier
The CTT Systems humidifier pad assembly is specifically designed to meet the unique requirements of aircraft and to integrate seamlessly with OEM humidifier housing. The pad material has undergone extensive testing to ensure it can handle maximum air velocity, adhere to carryover limits, and maintain appropriate pH levels. It features a high fire rating, prevents legionella transfer, and incorporates activated carbon to resist bacterial growth. This material is uniquely qualified to operate under the specific conditions of the OEM humidifier housing, a capability not achievable with standard pad materials.
Ensuring reliability and safety
A critical aspect of the humidifier pad material is its contribution to the reliability and safety of the air supply system. As the air for the flight deck and crew rest areas passes through the Humidifier Onboard system, it is imperative that the pad material remains intact, without releasing any particles or collapsing. The original humidifier pad assembly material from CTT Systems meets FAA Part 25 and EASA CS-25 airworthiness standards, as well as Boeing's stringent requirements for design, testing, and documentation, ensuring consistent and safe airflow.
Addressing the dry cabin air
For decades, dry cabin air has been a persistent issue in aviation. Over 20 years ago, CTT Systems pioneered the solution by developing the Humidifier Onboard system based on evaporative cooling technology. This innovation was first embraced by Airbus for the A380 program, followed by Boeing for the 787 program. CTT Systems has since become the exclusive supplier of humidifiers for flight decks, crew rest compartments, and passenger cabins in Airbus A350 and Boeing 777X aircraft. Today, more than 3,000 Humidifier Onboard systems are in service across over 50 airlines worldwide.
The Humidifier Pad Assy from CTT Systems represents a significant advancement in aircraft humidification technology. With its unique IP material, it sets new standards in the industry, ensuring full compliance with all relevant aviation authorities and industry standards. The Humidifier Pad Assy is not just a component; it is a crucial sub-system designed to work in tandem with the OEM humidifier housing, providing consistent, reliable, and high-performance humidified air flow. Since its introduction in 2007, the CTT Systems Humidifier Onboard system has demonstrated exceptional reliability and is now a feature in nearly 1,500 widebody aircraft.
Pad assy installation in Humidifier Onboard system
- Flight Deck
- Overhead Flight Crew Rest (OFCR)
- Overhead Flight Attendant Rest (OFAR)
Humidifier pad assy video
- Humidifier Onboard
- Article Humidifier Pad Assy by CTT is based on unique IP to obtain OEM compliance
- Article about the importance of humidity for human health
- White papers about the importance of humidification in the flight deck, crew rest compartment and aircraft cabin


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The Kinematics and Dynamics of Galactic Rings
The Physics of Resonance
The physics involved in resonance entails the differential rotation of a galaxy's bar with respect to particles in the the disk of the galaxy. Put simply, it is the value of the bar pattern angular velocity in relation to the angular frequency of circular rotation and the radial epicyclic frequency of every star and dust cloud in the disk of the galaxy. The epicycles are actually closed elliptical orbits of material in the disk of the galaxy that are precessing around the central region of the galaxy. How fast a bar pattern rotates determines what kind of resonance you end up with in a galaxy. If the bar pattern speed is fast enough then it is believed that it can push a spiral out to the Outer Lindblad Resonance (OLR). If OLR is in the visible disk then it may lead to ring and pseudoring formation. The three major resonances relevant to ring formation are:Outer Lindblad Resonance (OLR)
Inner Lindblad Resonance (ILR)
Inner 4:1 Ultraharmonic Resonance (UHR)
Figure 1. The OLR subclass of outer pseudoringsFigure. 2.
Schematic showing the relative shapes, sizes, and major-axis orientations of all of the bar and ring features of NGC 3081, including the "dimples" in the outer R1 ring feature. Here "nr" refers to the nuclear ring, and "nb" to the nuclear (secondary) bar. Axes are labeled in arcsecond offsets relative to the nucleus. North is at the top, and east is to the left.
Image and description source: A HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE STUDY OF STAR FORMATION IN THE INNER RESONANCE RING OF NGC 3081
by R. Buta et al.
Other important types of resonance are corotation (CR)
and the outer 4:1 resonance
. In corotation (CR) the periodic rate of rotation of the bar is equal to the angular frequency of circular rotation of the disk. In the outer 4:1 resonance the periodic rate of rotation of the bar is equal to the angular frequency of circular rotation plus 1/4 of the radial epicyclic frequency.
Figure 3. Corotation resonace (CR)
If you read nothing else on this subject, at the very least, read Galactic Rings
by R. Buta and F. Combes. I consider this a must-read. (very highly recommended)
Another paper worth reading is the following:
Title: The Morphology of Barred Galaxies
Authors: Buta, R.
Journal: Barred galaxies. Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series, Volume 91; Proceedings of a conference held at the University of Alabama; Tuscaloosa; Alabama; 30 May - 3 June 1995; San Francisco: Astronomical Society of the Pacific (ASP #91); |c1996; edited by R. Buta, D. A. Crocker and B. G. Elmegreen, p.11
Bibliographic Code: 1996ASPC...91...11BTABLE I.
Summary of notation for ring and lens phenomena (below) from the paper (above), Galactic Rings
by R. Buta and F. Combes.
|TABLE I. Summary of notation for ring and lens phenomena|
|R1||Type 1 OLR subclass outer ring|
|R1'||Type 1 OLR subclass outer pseudoring|
|R2'||Type 2 OLR subclass outer pseudoring|
Here's a wonderful paper written by Dr. Ronald Buta et al on a study done with the Hubble Space Telescope of the inner resonance ring of NGC 3081. Even though the paper's focus is on this one galaxy, it gives the reader a much more in-depth understanding of the kinematics and dynamics of inner rings in general. Admittedly, it's a little technical, but well worth reading. A HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE STUDY OF STAR FORMATION IN THE INNER RESONANCE RING OF NGC 3081
The Origins of Spiral Arms
How Two, Three and Four Arms Are CreatedThe Origins of Spiral Arms
by a Single Galactic Bar
- translated by Charles Danforth, University of ColoradoFigure 1.
By aligning a series of concentric elliptical (2/1) orbits, a bar can be produced (a). If each ellipse is given an azimuthal offset proportional to r½
, the effect is a two armed spiral of orbits (b). A set of (3/2) orbits produces a three armed spiral (c) and (4/1) produces a four armed pattern (d).
The above illustration is from The Origins of Spiral Arms
by Charles Danforth, University of Colorado.
Star-Forming Nuclear Rings in Spiral Galaxies
Here's a paper entitled Star-Forming Nuclear Rings in Spiral Galaxies.pdf
Examples of the Application of the Notation for Ring
and Lens Types to Actual Images of Galaxies
I realize that this is a lot to swallow all at once. So, I have provided a couple of examples of objects, each with a very sophisticated classification using feature symbols from Table I. There is a summary of notation for ring and lens phenomena below. But, I have also included "alternative" classifications from both NED and SIMBAD, which are considerably simpler, to give you a better idea of what you may come across in Galaxy Analysis. Thank you for reading.
Classifications: (R1R2')SAB(r,nr)0/a Alternative ClassificationsSIMBAD
Basic data: Seyfert 1 Galaxy*
Morphological type S0:rNED
Classifications: (R_1)SAB(r)0/a Sy2*
*SIMBAD and NED seem to be in disagreement on whether this is a Seyfert 1 or a Seyfert 2 galaxy.
RA = 6:50.1, Dec. = +60:51
Classifications: (RR)SB(rs)a Sy2Alternative ClassificationsSIMBAD
Basic data: Seyfert 2 Galaxy
Morphological type SBaNED
Classifications: SB(r)a: Sy2
The thumbnails (below) are more examples of ring and pseudoring classifications.


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In the wake of Cyclone Batsirai which hit Madagascar late on Saturday 5 February, Eutelsat Communications stepped in to provide satellite equipment and in-orbit resources on its EUTELSAT KONNECT satellite to Gulfsat Madagascar to support the World Food Programme's (WFP) disaster relief coordination efforts.
The cyclone brought massive flooding across the country with widespread damage to infrastructure. To this end, under the auspices of the WFP, in-orbit capacity provided by Eutelsat's satellite coupled with Gulfsat Madagascar's ground-breaking telecom expertise was assured vital support to early relief operations by deploying telecommunications resources in zones where terrestrial networks had been damaged, saturated or destroyed by the cyclone.
Philippe Oliva, Eutelsat's Chief Commercial Officer, commented, "We are proud to deliver equipment and resources to the World Food Programme, which we have supported since 2015, in the face of this humanitarian disaster. Eutelsat strives to establish satellite technology as the go-to infrastructure for digital inclusion in hard-to-reach areas. Our Group plays an active role in disaster relief around the World, with satellites providing an indispensable solution for humanitarian aid operations to restore communications wherever they are most needed."


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Definition of Jolling
1. joll [v] - See also: joll
Click the following link to bring up a new window with an automated collection of images related to the term: Jolling Images
Lexicographical Neighbors of Jolling
Literary usage of Jolling
Below you will find example usage of this term as found in modern and/or classical literature:
1. Education by Project Innovation (Organization) (1894)
"... of the ever-jolling Bay of Fundy, to the shores of New Brunswick, while seven Nova Scotian counties lie in sight near by...."
2. A Complete Practical Treatise on Criminal Procedure, Pleading, and Evidence by John Frederick Archbold, John Jervis, William Newland Welsby, Thomas Whitney Waterman (1853)
"jolling, Ib. 525. Though different opinions appear to have been formerly entertained upon tho point, whether in tho case of burglary in the hired apartment..."
3. An Historical Review of the Constitution and Government of Pennsylvania by Richard Jackson, Benjamin Franklin (1759)
"... they began the fame Year to carry into Execution, by cajolling fome Corporations, and forcing others.by..."
4. Life, Letters, and Literary Remains, of John Keats by John Keats (1848)
"... Whose glass once up can never be got back, Who prov'st, with jolling arguments and bitter, That 'tis of modern use to travel in a litter...."
5. Universal Biography: Containing a Copious Account, Critical and Historical...by John Lemprière by John Lemprière (1810)
"... uation in those turbulent time-s. lie died 1683. Some of his speeches have been »reserved in the elate trials. So UDDER, Henry, minister of (jolling..."


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Flight Unlimited is a 1995 aerobatic flight simulator video game developed and published by LookingGlass Technologies. It allows players to pilot reproductions of real-world aircraft and to perform aerobatic maneuvers. They may fly freely, race through floating rings against a timer or take lessons from a virtual flight instructor. The instructor teaches basic and advanced techniques, ranging from rudder turns to maneuvers such as the tailslide, Lomcovák and Immelmann turn.
Flight Unlimited was the first self-published game released by Looking Glass Technologies. It was intended to establish the company as a video game publisher and to compete with flight simulator franchises such as Microsoft Flight Simulator. Project leader Seamus Blackley, a particle physicist and amateur pilot, conceived the game in 1992. He felt that other flight simulators failed to convey the experience of real flight, and he reacted by coding a simulated atmosphere for Flight Unlimited based on real-time computational fluid dynamics. Aerobatic pilot Michael Goulian endorsed the game and assisted the team in making it more true to life.
Flight Unlimited received positive reviews from critics and was a commercial success; its sales exceeded 780,000 copies by 2002. Reviewers lauded its realism, flight instruction, graphics and sense of flight, but some criticized its high system requirements. The game was followed by two sequels: Flight Unlimited II (1997) and Flight Unlimited III (1999). A combat-oriented successor, Flight Combat, was released in 2002 as Jane's Attack Squadron after a series of setbacks. Soon after Flight Unlimited's completion, Blackley was fired from Looking Glass. He went on to design Jurassic Park: Trespasser at DreamWorks Interactive and later spearhead the Xbox project at Microsoft.
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How are these scams organized?
According to an article from the French Ministry of Labour, Employment and Integration, people are approaching CPF account holders, and they inform them of a risk of theft of personal data, loss of training credit or a balance to be paid for a training course outside the secure area of the mon compte formation website.
The aim of these scams is to steal personal or professional information in order to make fraudulent use of it.
By collecting personal information, these people gain access to mon compte formation account of the individual's and therefore to their CPF funds. They can then use the available funds to enroll in fictitious training courses provided by fake organizations created for these scams. Training courses on starting a business or upgrading foreign languages are particularly prone to this type of fraud.
How to avoid these scams?
To avoid being hacked, adopt the right reflexes:
- Never communicate your personal and/or professional data, whether it be your social security number, email, login ID, date and place of birth, etc.
- Create your personal training account yourself and remember that no professional is authorized to do this for you.
- Secure your CPF account with a complex password.
- Never click on a questionable link and check the website address on your browser.
- In case of doubt, contact the CPF customer relations department directly.


The difference between activity when in bed and out of bed. III. Nurses on night work
David Minors, James Waterhouse, Simon Folkard, Greg Atkinson
 Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review
 8 Citations (Scopus)
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protected member function
void init (streambuf* sb);
Initializes the values of the stream's internal flags and member variables.
Derived classes are expected to call this protected member function at some point before its first use or before its destruction (generally, during construction).
The internal state is initialized in such a way that each of these members return the following values:
On initialization, the internal extensible array (iword, pword) is empty.
Modifies the stream object. The object pointed by sb may be accessed and/or modified.
Concurrent access to the same stream object or stream buffer may cause data races.
Basic guarantee: if an exception is thrown, the stream is in a valid state.
- Construct object (public member function


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Create distributed search groups
You can group your search peers to facilitate searching on a subset of them. Groups of search peers are known as "distributed search groups." You specify distributed search groups in the
For example, say you have a set of search peers in New York and another set in San Francisco, and you want to perform searches across peers in just a single location. You can do this by creating two search groups, NYC and SF. You can then specify the search groups in searches.
Distributed search groups are particularly useful when configuring the monitoring console. See Monitoring Splunk Enterprise.
Configure distributed search groups
You define distributed search groups in
For example, to create the two search groups NYC and SF, create stanzas like these:
[distributedSearch] # This stanza lists the full set of search peers. servers = 192.168.1.1:8089, 192.168.1.2:8089, 220.127.116.11:8089, 18.104.22.168:8089, 22.214.171.124:8089 [distributedSearch:NYC] # This stanza lists the set of search peers in New York. default = false servers = 192.168.1.1:8089, 192.168.1.2:8089 [distributedSearch:SF] # This stanza lists the set of search peers in San Francisco. default = false servers = 126.96.36.199:8089, 188.8.131.52:8089, 184.108.40.206:8089
Note the following:
serversattribute lists groups of search peers by IP address and management port.
- The servers list for each search group must be a subset of the list in the general
- The group lists can overlap. For example, you can add a third group named "Primary_Indexers" that contains some peers from each location.
- If you set a group's
defaultattribute to "true," the peers in that group will be the ones queried when the search does not specify a search group. Otherwise, if you set all groups to "false," the full set of search peers in the
[distributedSearch]stanza will be queried when the search does not specify a search group.
Use distributed search groups
To use a search group in a search, specify the search group like this:
sourcetype=access_combined status=200 action=purchase splunk_server_group=NYC | stats count by product
This search runs against only the peers in the NYC location.
Distributed search groups and indexer clusters
This feature is not valid for indexer clustering, except for limited use cases in certain complex topologies.
In indexer clustering, the cluster replicates the data buckets arbitrarily across the set of search peers, or "cluster peer nodes". It then assigns one copy of each bucket to be the primary copy, which participates in searches. There is no guarantee that a specific peer or subset of peers will contain the primary bucket copies for a particular search. Therefore, if you put peers into distributed search groups and then run searches based on those groups, the searches might contain incomplete results.
For details of bucket replication in indexer clusters, see Buckets and indexer clusters in Managing Indexers and Clusters of Indexers.
These are some examples of indexer cluster deployments where distributed search groups might be of value:
- Multiple indexer clusters, where you need to identify the peer nodes for a specific cluster.
- Search heads that run searches across both an indexer cluster and standalone indexers. You might want to put the standalone indexers into their own group.
Manage distributed server names
Remove a search peer
This documentation applies to the following versions of Splunk® Enterprise: 6.5.7, 7.0.0, 7.0.1, 7.0.2, 7.0.3, 7.0.4, 7.0.5, 7.0.6, 7.0.7, 7.0.8, 7.0.9, 7.0.10, 7.0.11, 7.0.13, 7.1.0, 7.1.1, 7.1.2, 7.1.3, 7.1.4, 7.1.5, 7.1.6, 7.1.7, 7.1.8, 7.1.9, 7.1.10, 7.2.0, 7.2.1, 7.2.2, 7.2.3, 7.2.4, 7.2.5, 7.2.6, 7.2.7, 7.2.8, 7.2.9, 7.2.10, 7.3.0, 7.3.1, 7.3.2, 7.3.3, 7.3.4, 7.3.5, 7.3.6, 7.3.7, 7.3.8, 7.3.9, 8.0.0, 8.0.1, 8.0.2, 8.0.3, 8.0.4, 8.0.5, 8.0.6, 8.0.7, 8.0.8, 8.0.9, 8.0.10, 8.1.0, 8.1.1, 8.1.2, 8.1.3, 8.1.4, 8.1.5, 8.1.6, 8.1.7, 8.1.8, 8.1.9, 8.1.10, 8.1.11, 8.1.12, 8.2.0, 8.2.1, 8.2.2, 8.2.3, 8.2.4, 8.2.5, 8.2.6, 8.2.7, 8.2.8, 8.2.9, 9.0.0, 9.0.1, 9.0.2


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The tallit katan ("small tallit") is a fringed garment traditionally worn either under or over one's clothing by Jewish males. It is a poncho-like garment with a hole for the head and special twined and knotted fringes known as tzitzit attached to its four corners. The requirements regarding the fabric and fringes of a tallit katan are the same as that of a tallit gadol. Generally a tallit katan is made of wool or cotton.
While all four cornered garments are required to have tzitzit, the custom of specially wearing a tallit katan is based on a verse in Numbers 15:38-39 which exhorts Jews to "remember[ance of] all the commandments of the Lord." Wearing a tallit kattan is not mandated in Biblical law, but in Rabbinic law the practice is strongly encouraged for men, and often considered obligatory or a binding custom.
The tallit katan is also known as arba kanfot (Yiddish/Ashkenazic Hebrew: arba kanfos), literally "four corners" or tzitzit.


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Predicting neck pain in Royal Australian Air Force fighter pilots.Mil Med. 2012 Apr; 177(4):444-50.MM
Fighter pilots frequently report neck pain and injury, and although risk factors have been suggested, the relationships between risk factors and neck pain have not been quantified. The aim of this study was to identify personal and work behaviors that are significantly associated with neck pain in fighter pilots.
Eighty-two Royal Australian Air Force fighter pilots were surveyed about their flying experience, neck pain prevalence, and prevention. Multinomial logistic regressions were used to fit models between pilots' neck pain during and after flight and a range of personal and work characteristics.
In-flight neck pain was very weakly, yet positively associated with flight hours. Duration of postflight pain was positively associated with the weekly desktop work hours and the sum of preventative actions taken in flight. The duration pilots were considered temporarily medically unfit for flying was positively associated with pilots' age and their weekly desktop work hours.
The risk factors identified by the current study should guide neck pain prevention for fighter pilots. In particular, reducing desktop working hours as well as incorporating specific neck-strengthening exercises and in-flight bracing actions should be considered by agencies to help alleviating neck pain in their pilots.


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By using new techniques originally developed for the analysis of extreme values of dynamical systems, several long records of temperatures at different locations are analysed by showing that they have the same recurrence time statistics of a chaotic dynamical system perturbed with dynamical noise and by instrument errors. The technique provides a criterion to discriminate whether the recurrence of a certain temperature belongs to the natural climate variability or can be considered as a real extreme event with respect to a specific time scale fixed as parameter. The method gives a self-consistent estimation of the convergence.
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A Missouri railroad pioneer; the life of Louis Houck by Joel P. Rhodes describes Louis Houck as "a self-taught Cape Girardeau railroader whose network of more than five hundred miles of track transformed southeastern Missouri in the late nineteenth century. Louis Houck also helped establish the college now known as Southeast Missouri State University and wrote a noted history of Missouri" (Provided by publisher).
This noted history, A history of Missouri from the earliest explorations and settlements until the admission of the state into the union has been digitized as well as another of his books, The Spanish regime in Missouri.
Other books by Houck that are available to read at the Library Center are Memorial sketches of pioneers and early residents of Southeast Missouri and Early Census of Southeast Missouri.
The map above is from Missouri Magazine, April 1936, page 16. There is no article with the map but there is this caption "This map of Missouri's old Indian trails is considered the most authentic now in existence. Being copied from the papers of Louis Houck. One of the state's most valued historians. Students please preserve this reprint as it will not appear again soon and there are many inquiries pertaining to the above mentioned early trails."
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