Pigging System FAQs
Product Recovery and Pigging System FAQs
(To view this content as a handy pdf document, please click here).
Since 1995, HPS has been delivering reliable, innovative and effective product recovery solutions to organizations throughout the world. We've successfully delivered thousands of projects, from simple pipe cleaning systems to highly sophisticated, custom-designed PLC-controlled multi-source, multi-destination product transfer solutions.
Here are some of the more common questions we're asked about product recovery and pigging. If you can't find the answer to your question here, please contact us.
Pigging FAQs:
What Does Pigging Do?
The main purpose of pigging is to remove or recover residual liquid that remains in a pipe after transfer from one location to another.
In its simplest form, a pigging system consists of a flexible projectile with a diameter slightly larger than the pipeline that needs pigging. Water, other liquid, compressed air or gas, or even the product being processed is then used to propel the pig through the pipe and remove or recover the remaining product. For an overview of pigging, please see What Is Pigging.
Why Do Organisations Use Pigging Systems?
A properly designed and implemented pigging solution improves process efficiency, effectiveness, productivity and profitability. This is through increased product yield, reduced waste, less downtime, quicker changeovers, and less chemical and water consumption. For example, filling residual product into the final package, rather than disposing of it, reduces waste. Similarly cleaning a pigged line is quicker and uses less water, so improves efficiency while saving money.
The wide variety of benefits provided by pigging systems help increase profits and reduce carbon footprint.
What is a Pig?
A hygienic or sanitary pig is a specially-designed, flexible projectile, slightly larger than the diameter of the pipe it is cleaning, which pushes a product through a pipeline.
HPS food-grade pigs are made from FDA approved silicon materials (one of the reasons they're 'hygienic' or 'sanitary'). We also provide oil resistant and solvent resistant designs. They are 'full contact' which means they clean constantly, even when travelling around corners. These are tough yet flexible and extremely effective: product removal is typically up to 99.5%.
What Types of Products are Piggable?
Any liquid or wet product that can be pumped can be pigged. This includes very low and very high viscosity products. We've successfully designed, implemented and commissioned systems for products including food, pet food, confectionery, soft drinks, water, wine, beer, spirits, shampoos, conditioners, body wash, bubble bath, toothpaste, deodorants, hairsprays, detergent cleaners, chemicals, paint, pharmaceuticals and many more
Can Pigs Travel Through Pipe Bends?
Yes. The flexible nature of HPS pigs enables them to travel through 1.5 D – 90° bends.
Can HPS Pigs Withstand High Temperatures?
HPS pigs will withstand temperatures up to 250 °C or 482 °F without degradation. This means you can steam clean them if required.
How Much is a Pigging System?
Because there are many different variables involved in working out costings, it is not possible to provide standard pricing. However, here is an article on pigging system pricing and how to find out how much a pigging system costs. Pigging systems deliver a high return on investment and usually pay for themselves in less than a year.
How Can I Calculate Return on Investment (ROI) from a Pigging System?
Start by using the HPS Pigging Systems Savings Calculator.
Also be sure to read How to Calculate Return on Investment from a Pigging System. This outlines a variety of other factors you should take into account (a pigging system can save you more than you think!).
How Long Does a Pig Last?
HPS pigs are robust, reliable and specifically designed to provide as long a working life as possible. However, the actual lifetime of a pig depends on the process, pipe material, products being pigged and so on. When you contact HPS about a pigging solution for your organisation, our experts will be able to advise you on the expected lifetime of your pigs. As a guideline, HPS pigs are usually guaranteed for 30 kilometres or 18 miles of use.
How Does a Pig Enter and Leave a Pipeline
All pigging systems need a method of introducing the pig (or pigs) safely in to the line and getting it out of the way when it's reached its destination. This is the key function of pig launchers and pig receivers.
Do I Need To Manually Load or Remove the Pig?
Because most HPS pigging systems are fully automatic, there's no requirement for the operator to manually remove or load the pig. Usually the only time you'll need to manually access a pig is for inspection and maintenance.
What Propels a Pig Through a Pipe?
Pigs don't propel themselves, they are pushed along pipes by liquids or gases. There is a range of different propellants used in industrial process pigging, including water, air, nitrogen, carbon dioxide and other products.
How Fast Do Pigs Travel Through Pipes?
The speed at which pigs travel through pipe lines depends on the product, pressure, process, pipe diameter, pipe length and a number of other factors. However, most people are often surprised by how fast pigs travel through pipes. Most pigging operations last just a few seconds, sometimes even fractions of a second. This makes the whole pigging process extremely quick, minimising interruption to operations. It is also a big advantage over slower and less effective methods such as ice pigging.
At What Stage in a Process is Pigging Used?
It depends on the process. Typically, an operator or automatic control system will send a pig through a pipe to clean it and recover product whenever required. This can be, for example, when a pump has emptied a holding tank, there's a change of product, before CIP, or when a particular batch run is complete.
Can You Fit a Pigging Solution to an Existing Process?
Yes. We fit pigging systems in existing pipeline processes, as well as new plant. Our engineers will design a custom solution that meets your precise needs, and install it with minimal disruption to your business.
What Type of Pipework is Suitable for Pigging?
Usually the pipework in a hygienic pigging system is made of stainless steel with a highly polished internal finish. This ensures high levels of product recovery, sanitation and cleaning. It is however possible to pig systems which use other types of pipe materials, but we will need to discuss this with you. Whatever pipework your system uses, the infrastructure must meet certain criteria. Here is an article providing guidance on pipeline infrastructure for pigging.
Is Pigging Compatible with Clean In Place (CIP) Systems?
HPS Pigging Systems and Clean In Place (CIP) solutions are fully compatible. Because HPS pigs recover nearly all product within a pipe, pigging a system before the clean in place (CIP) procedure delivers significant benefits. These include reducing flush waste, speeding up processing, and using much lower amounts of cleaning chemicals and water. What's more, HPS designs pigging systems to be fully compatible with CIP systems. This means that HPS pigs and other pigging system components (including specially designed HPS sanitary ball valves) can themselves be cleaned in place.
Can I Use a Pig Straight After a Hot Washout?
We do not recommend using an HPS pig immediately after a hot washout or clean in place (CIP) operation. Instead, allow the pig to cool before using it again. You can usually accelerate cooling by flushing the pig with water or suitable alternative cooling medium.
Are there Different Types of Pigging System?
Yes. We provide fully customised pigging solutions to meet the precise needs of each of our customers, so nearly every system is different. There are various types of pigging system available, however most hygienic pigging systems we supply fall in to one of three basic categories: single-pig systems, tank-drop off systems, or double-pig systems.
Can You Design Pigging Systems With Automatic Control?
While some simpler pigging solutions still use manual control, most pigging systems are either partly or fully automated. Automatic pigging solutions, controlled by PLCs with either HMI or SCADA systems, have a wide range of benefits. These include increasing process speed, productivity and overall efficiency. Automation also reduces the chances of human error and so increases safety.
What is the Minimum Pressure Needed to Pig a Line?
It depends on the system. However, the pressure needed to push the pig is typically lower than the product pumping pressure.
Where Does The Term 'Pigging' Originate?
The terms 'Pigs' and 'Pigging' are commonly used throughout industry. The most common reason given for the origin of the term comes from the oil industry. This is where metal discs connected by a rod were propelled through oil pipelines to remove the build-up of paraffin wax on the internal wall of the pipe. The action of metal on metal were said to have made a squealing noise like a pig. However there are other reasons given for the name 'pigging'. One is that the letters are an acronym standing for "Pipeline Inspection Gauge". Another is that pig simply refers to a solid object, in the same way as a 'pig' of iron or lead. Either way, the common term for the process of sending an object through a pipeline to recover product or clean the lines is called "Pigging". Today, pigging products and services are the core business of HPS Product Recovery Solutions.
What


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About Uncle Seth
Part 1. Why Do the Yankees Hate Us?
Part 6. Uncle Seth's Reply to Self-Hating, Yankee-Educated Southerners
Part 9. Louis Napoleon Nelson–Black Confederate and Loyal Friend
Part 20. Humanity in the Midst of Hell
Part 29. The Confederate Flag–Brave Men Carried It and Died Defending It
Part 33. He Fought for the South and He Had No Slaves
Part 42. Early Southern Anti-Slavery
Part 49. Rape and Murder–Yankee Treatment of Southern Civilians
Part 61. But The War Is Over!
Part 69. Did the South Intentionally Mistreat Yankee Prisoners of War?
Part 77. Yankee Torch Applied to Southern Homes
Part 83. Yankee Invaders Hang Seventeen-Year Old Arkansas Boy
Part 89. Yankee Materialism: The Root Cause of the War
Part 96. Reconstruction–Southerners Become Slaves of the Federal Empire
Part 105. The Confederate Soldier's Only Regret
Kennedy uses the "everyman" character of Uncle Seth to represent the courageous and rugged individualists who combined the best of the Scotch-Irish, German, and other fiercely independent peoples who found refuge in the South because of racial or religious persecution. Uncle Seth's stories focus on the Southern determination to be left alone by the federal government and their strong commitment to community, God, and family. The atrocities he chronicles as part of his tales to the youngsters around him provide an insight into the horrors of subjugation and anti-Christian behaviors of Northern invaders while giving a hint at what the future might hold if individuals do not fight for their rights and freedoms.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Factors of air ion balance in a coniferous forest according to measurements in Hyytiälä, Finland
Abstract. A new mathematical model describing air ion balance was developed and tested. It has improved approximations and includes dry deposition of ions onto the forest canopy. The model leads to an explicit algebraic solution of the balance equations. This allows simple calculation of both the ionization rate and the average charge of aerosol particles from measurements of air ions and aerosol particles, with some parameters of the forest. Charged aerosol particles are distinguished from cluster ions by their size, which exceeds 1.6 nm diameter. The relative uncertainty of the ionization rate is about the same or less than the relative uncertainties of the measurements. The model was tested with specific air ion measurements carried out simultaneously at two heights at the Hyytiälä forest station, Finland. Earlier studies have shown a difference in the predictions of the ionization rate in the Hyytiälä forest when calculated in two different ways: based on the measurements of the environmental radioactivity and based on the air ion and aerosol measurements. The new model explains the difference as a consequence of neglecting dry deposition of ions in the earlier models. The ionization rate during the 16 h campaign was 5.6±0.8 cm−3 s−1 at the height of 2 m and 3.9±0.2 cm−3 s−1 at the height of 14 m, between the tops of the trees. The difference points out the necessity to consider the height variation when the ionization rate is used as a parameter in studies of ion-induced nucleation. Additional results are some estimates of the parameters of air ion balance. The recombination sink of cluster ions on the ions of opposite polarity made up 9–13%, the sink on aerosol particles 65–69%, and the sink on forest canopy 18–26% of the total sink of cluster ions. The average lifetime of cluster ions was about 130 s for positive and about 110 s for negative ions. At the height of 2 m, about 70% of the space charge of air was carried by aerosol particles, and at the height of 14 m, about 84%.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


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Like the Sound of Music's Von Trapp family hiding in the Alps, plants may find refuge from a warming climate in the mountains.
Research in the Swiss Alps suggests diverse mountain habitats could act as stepping stones to allow plants to escape into more hospitable hideaways as their usual homes heat up.
A large, flat savannah offers little variation in temperature. If the temperature warms up, the whole area warms up.
But Daniel Scherrer and Christian Körner from the University of Basel, Switzerland found a broad spectrum of habitats in the central Swiss Alps after studying an alpine meadow for two seasons. In the rugged mountain landscape, different conditions existed close together.
The plants growing in those varied conditions were adapted to the particular set of temperatures of the micro-climates, the scientists found. The research suggests that these plants could start growing in neighboring habitats as the temperature increases.
To test this, Scherrer and Körner used a computer model to simulate what would happen if the temperature went up 3.6 degrees Fahrenheit. They found that only 3 percent of all temperature conditions disappeared. Some of the cooler habitats shrank or shifted, but pockets remained. This suggests that plants have the opportunity to shift habitats, instead of just dying off.
Preserving mountain habitats is even more new important now in light of this research. A diverse Alpine meadow could save many different habitats, compared to a single habitat in a grassland of equal size.
"It is known from earlier geological periods that mountains were always important for survival of species during periods of climatic change such as in glacial cycles, because of their 'habitat diversity,'" concluded Körner.
"Mountains are therefore particularly important areas for the conservation of biodiversity in a given region under climatic change and thus deserve particular protection," Körner said.
Photo: Different habitats exist close together in the Alps. Wikimedia Commons

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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The Católica Porto Business School has several research and consultancy units, each with a different purpose:
- CEGE is a research centre registered and accredited by the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) and is primarily focused on fundamental research;
- two centres – LEAD.Lab and SLab – are geared towards applied research with managerially relevant impact;
- CEGEA is a unit dedicated to consultancy services.
An Associate Dean for Research oversees all research activities conducted through these units, which are evidently interconnected along a continuum and constitute a key distinctive factor of the school as an organisation capable of expanding the frontiers of scientific knowledge and provide value-added services to the community, with clear implications for public and private policies.


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This 25 minute lesson is intended to give teachers a sense of what equitable representation for the GLBTQ community might feel like through text selection. It's based on "Reading LGBT-Themed Literature with Young People: What's Possible?" by Caroline T. Clarke and Mollie V. Blackburn. (PDF)
(Estimated Running Time: 23-25 Minutes)
Teachers will be able to identify how text selection can represent their classroom by building ideal decks representing their students.
Required materials are normal text, recommended but not required materials are italicized
- A deck of standard cards for every 4 students. Not all cards will be used. The distribution of cards should be 1/2 spades (16), 1/3 clubs (10) and 1/6 hearts (6). Of the four decks, one will have 3 hearts, one will have 2 hearts, one will have 1 heart, and one will have no hearts. Clubs and spades will be evenly distributed.
How can we engage students in GLBTQ literature without actively or tacitly supporting a homophobic, heterosexist environment?
- Using GLBTQ literature in a classroom only once or twice makes it stand out as different from the norm.
- Deliberately citing the GLBTQ nature as a purpose for reading makes it stand out as different from the norm.
- By making it regular and representative and queering other texts, GLBTQ lit can be normalized.
- Some GLBTQ literature presents a heterosexist view of the GLBTQ community.
- Older GLBTQ lit is often not representative of the current GLBTQ culture.
I'm assuming you're all card players, that all of you have played a type of card game or has friends who do. What card games do you play at home, with your family, with friends? What makes a card game fun and engaging?
Lead students toward recognizing participation, cooperation, equal competition, and possibly the ability to play it their way.
Introduction to New Material:
Before we begin, I want you to know two terms: heteronormative and heterosexist. Heteronormative means relating to a world that promotes heterosexuality or straightness. Heterosexist refers to active bias against same-sex relationships.
Blackburn and Clark's article states that because LGBTQ literature and issues are so new to the classroom, teachers do not have adequate means of introducing them that doesn't tacitly support the homophobic social norms currently in place. There are however, four things you can do to make it easier. The first of which, I've already done by assuming you're card players. Blackburn and Clark state that if you enter a classroom assuming kids are LGBTQ allies already rather than treating them as homophobic, it sets a precedent where the class can engage in the conversation from a positive standpoint. The rest will be shown in our activity for the night and I'll explain them after.
The decks of cards you have represent the books we might teach over the course of the year. Don't think about this too hard. For right now, they're just cards. In these decks are hearts, spades and clubs, no diamonds. The cards go from five to ace. Each deck is a unique set of eight cards taken from this distribution.
Choose one suit, number or face card (King, Jack, Queen, etc) to represent yourself. Don't show or tell anyone right now. Take a minute to write down what represents you, why you chose it, and three adjectives you would use to describe yourself/what represents you. For example, I'm represented by 8s because it's my favorite number, it becomes the infinity sign when turned on its side, and it can symbolize glasses and wisdom; my three adjectives would be wise, infinite, and observant.
Look through your deck of eight cards and analyze its makeup. Take a minute and write down what you think sets your deck apart. What sort of cards comprise it? What stands out?
Group up (groups of 3 or 4). Compare your decks. Do not reveal what represents you. Discuss what's different. Compare what stood out to each of you.
Now, without revealing what represents you, let's build a communal deck. Your job is to make sure you're represented in the deck. The communal deck will also be exactly eight cards. Decide together how to build this deck drawing from each of your decks.
Sorry to burst your bubble, but we're not actually going to play a card game. Instead, I want you to write about your experience today. How did you feel you were represented in your original deck? How about in the communal deck? What problems did you have making sure you were represented in the final deck? How do you think the others felt?
If spades represented the traditional heteronormative canon, clubs represented minority focused heteronormative texts, and hearts represented LGBTQ literature, how does that affect the way your look at your communal deck?
Collect writings as the exit ticket.
Blackburn and Clark's essay points out that treating LGBTQ literature as special rather than normal already sets a classroom up for failure. If you only read one LGBTQ book or article, it will stand out, much like a single heart will stand out in a sea of black suited cards. By making LGBTQ-friendly literature and concepts a regularity normalizes the students to its existence.
In addition, you want to make sure that the books you read reflect your class and allow them to explore their own experiences. Just as you were represented in the decks, your students are represented in the books you read. Blackburn and Clark divide LGBTQ literature into three categories: "homosexual visibility," in which the story revolves around the LGBTQ characters' sexuality and the response to it, often battling homophobia; "gay assimilation," in which LGBTQ characters appear, but their sexuality isn't key to the plot; and "Queer consciousness or community," where LGBTQ characters are shown to be in supportive communities and families regardless of the plot. Just because a book has a LGBTQ character doesn't mean it's representative of the LGBTQ members of your classroom, so presenting multiple and positive LGBTQ experiences is important for varied representation.
Lastly, books, like card games, are supposed to be pleasurable. Choosing a book simply because it deals with a difficult topic is like playing solitaire: it'll take up some time, and you might feel accomplished at the end, but who's going to call it fun? Really. If you choose LGBTQ books that are enjoyable, your students will be more engaged and more willing to explore other books that are queer-friendly.


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The crystal structure and stability of a giant tetragonal phase in electron-doped Pb 1-x Bi x VO 3 (x = 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3) and hole-doped Pb 1-x Na x VO 3 (x = 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3) were studied. Electron doping effectively destabilized the tetragonal structure. The c/a ratio, spontaneous polarization, and tetragonal-to-cubic phase transition pressure systematically decreased with increasing Bi 3+ substitution. In contrast, hole doping hardly affected the tetragonal distortion and structural stability. We showed that electron doping is an effective way to control the stability of the tetragonal phase of PbVO 3 with a 3d 1 electronic configuration.
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
- Inorganic Chemistry


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Floating Houses – Chances And Problems
Free (open access)
221 - 233
H. Stopp & P. Strangfeld
Floating architecture could be a resolution in the future for current problems in many districts, cities and landscapes. Such problems can be seen particularly in the need for additional housing areas and construction grounds in some countries in Europe and Asia as a result of the growing population and/or the slowly rising sea level in context with the worldwide climate change. Another example for problems of current interest is the use of alternative energies. The water areas of channels and closed down harbours offer good opportunities to create new water landscapes with modern marinas consisting of floating houses and other floating architecture. As this paper will show, this is achieved in the same way that brownfields, such as the pits of former opencast lignite mines, are appropriated for such modern marinas after their transformation into post-mining lakes. Thereby, the possible use of water as an alternative energy source is demonstrated too. On the other hand there are a lot of new problems with regard to the physical and chemical effects of water on the constructions of floating architecture. New materials and structures must be developed in order to withstand the attacks of waves, sea climate, salts and ph-values. The harmonisation between architecture and nature is to be discussed. Moreover, there are questions about energy and water supply, waste disposal and safety. Three years ago a new project was started with regard to these topics. The first results of the investigations supported by experiments and numerical simulations are presented in the paper. Keywords: floating architecture, floating houses, post-mining lakes.
floating architecture, floating houses, post-mining lakes


Posted by: Sue Loh
I've been working with one of our customers the last couple of days, and found that there were a few handy tips for using the Platform Builder debugger with Windows CE that I knew and they didn't. So I am sharing them here.
Uninstantiated Breakpoints
If you've ever tried to set a breakpoint, but gotten the pink-color uninstantiated circle (indicating that the breakpoint is not yet set) instead of the maroon-color circle (indicating that the breakpoint is set), the problem might be something like this:
 - Wrong source file: The code you set a breakpoint in isn't actually running.
 - Bad source path mapping: The binaries and PDBs you use contain strings indicating where the source code came from. But those strings are inserted when they are compiled. If you are trying to set a breakpoint inside of code that Microsoft compiled, then the strings will indicate a location that does not exist on your machine. The "source path mapping" is a mapping from the locations that are compiled-in to the code (eg. c:\SomeMicrosoftBuildMachine\foo\...) to the corresponding locations on your machine (eg. D:\WINCE500\bar\...) If you have ever had Platform Builder ask you for a source location when you tried to set a breakpoint, it's probably a source path mapping question. If your source path mapping is wrong for the file you set the breakpoint in, or if PB gets confused about it somehow, then it may not understand properly that the code you're looking at is the code that's running on the device.
 - Bad symbols: The PDB files in your release directory don't match the EXEs or DLLs that are running on the device. Usually this results in the breakpoint being set in some random other location in the code.
 - Common issue #1: you built the.exe or.dll more
 recently than the.pdb. This can happen if you rebuild while debugging;
 Platform Builder will hold the.pdb open and the compiler won't be able to
 overwrite the.pdb. Fix by rebuilding while you are not debugging the
 - Common issue #2: you built the.pdb more recently than the.exe or
 .dll. Usually this happens if it's a file in ROM and you forgot to re-run
 makeimg. Or if you rebuilt the.exe/.dll but the old version is still
 running on the device.
 - At worst, all of these problems can be fixed by
 disconnecting from the device, rebuilding, re-running makeimg, and
 reconnecting. But as you get familiar with how the tools work you should be
 able to figure out quicker ways of working.
 - Optimizations: The code is optimized (= release build) and the source line with the pink breakpoint doesn't
 map to code the debugger understands. In this case you might have to switch to a disassembly window, examine the disassembly and place your breakpoint using that window. Or build a debug version of your code, so that the
 optimizations don't confuse the debugger.
 - Module not loaded: The breakpoint cannot be instantiated until the code is actually loaded. So if the DLL or EXE is not loaded, the breakpoint will stay pink. When the DLL or EXE is loaded it should become maroon.
 - Breakpoint is pending: The debugger only instantiates breakpoints while the device is stopped for debugging. Not while the device is running. Our debugger doesn't stop the device from running in order to add the breakpoint when you set it. Instead it waits until you break into the debugger before setting the breakpoint. PB also breaks into the debugger automatically for a very brief time whenever a DLL or EXE is loaded or unloaded. So you may find that the breakpoint becomes instantiated when that happens.
 - Debugger is not connected: Try running "s loaddbg" in the target control window. That will load debugger DLLs and connect the PB debugger. To run that, you will need: loaddbg.exe and kd.dll, and if present in your release directory you'll need hd.dll, osaxst0.dll and osaxst1.dll. You can also get the debugger to start automatically during boot if you make sure that the IMGNODEBUGGER flag is not set before you make a new image.
 - Flash ROM: You can't debug ROM. By that I mean, if your image is running directly from flash ROM, the debugger can't edit the ROM to insert your breakpoint. A breakpoint is just a replacement of the existing code with a call to stop in the debugger, so if the debugger can't edit the code it can't insert the breakpoint. You can debug if your image is running from RAM, or if your.dll or.exe is running from RAM (which is generally true if it's not in the MODULES section of ROM).
 - If the modules you are trying to debug are built with VS2005, there is a QFE to Platform Builder 5.0 to support VS2005 symbols. The update is in the 2005 update package at You can also just copy msobj71.dll into "Program Files\Windows CE Platform Builder\5.00\CEPB\BIN".
Breakpoints without source
You can set a breakpoint even if you don't have the source code to set it on. If you know the exact function name and module name you can use the breakpoint window to break on function entry. In the View menu, go to Debug Windows / Breakpoint List. You can also get there by clicking the "hand" icon on the debug toolbar or by hitting ALT + 9. In the breakpoint window, create a new breakpoint using this syntax:
 {,,modulename} function_name
That's an open curly-brace, two commas, module name, close curly-brace, function name. You can use this for EXEs or DLLs. For example:
 {,,nk.exe} SC_QueryPerformanceCounter
 {,,pm.dll} PlatformSetSystemPowerState
This syntax is not actually specific to breakpoints. It's just a way to tell the debugger that a symbol is specific to a module. For example if you want to look at a global variable in the Watch window, you can use this syntax there too. For example you could type {,,nk.exe}CurMSec in the Watch window to see that global variable inside the kernel.
By setting a breakpoint on a symbol instead of a source file line, you use only the PDBs to set the breakpoint. There is no dependency on having the right source file or source path mapping.
Don't just guess random function names when using this method though. OS APIs often have prefixes and postfixes that differ from their official names (eg. the implementation of CreateFile is FS_CreateFileW) and may be completely different (eg. for some reason the implementation of DeleteAndRenameFile is called FS_PrestoChangoFileName... I like that one :-) ). You can search the.map files in your release directory to get clues about what the API names are.
The other useful thing about the breakpoint window is that you can see if your breakpoint changes are pending. Like I mention above, if you set (or unset) a breakpoint while the target device is still running, the change will not occur until you stop in the debugger.
Other tips
If you have a bunch of breakpoints set you may notice that your device is running slower. Every time a DLL or EXE is loaded the debugger does work to figure out if it needs to instantiate a breakpoint inside the module. Unfortunately from my experience, deactivating the breakpoints does not help. I don't know why. You would have to completely delete the breakpoints in order to get back to normal speed. My advice is not to do that though. Delete breakpoints when you're totally done with them, but don't let debugger speed put you into the habit of setting & deleting breakpoints left and right. Slower speed is better than having to redo some debugging because you forgot to set something.
Happy debugging...
UPDATE Dec 9, 05: I added the "debugger is not connected" case above.
UPDATE Dec 4, 06: I added some more details to the "Bad Symbols" case and added the "Optimizations" and "Flash ROM" cases.
UPDATE Jan 5, 07: Added bullet about the QFE to support VS2005 symbols.
UPDATE Feb 14, 07: See also


Salon: The Flow
Location: Nicasio, CA
Time: 6:30pm
Potluck, speakers, conversation and fun
Wednesday, August 12, 2015
Join us for a special sneak preview of clips from Louis' upcoming movie, The Flow about the timeless wisdom of Tao as it applies to changing our cultural narratives and practices in regard to climate change.
Louis Fox is a storyteller, strategist, and filmmaker dedicated to looking at the world as it truly is, while also envisioning it as it could be. As a filmmaker, he has directed and cowritten over a hundred short live action and animated films. His projects The Meatrix, Grocery Store Wars, and the on-going Story of Stuff series, have been viewed by more than 60 million people and have garnered top honors at dozens of international film and media festivals.
Upcoming Salons
Atossa has built a powerful coalition of indigenous leaders and environmental groups that are on the frontlines working to keep carbon in the ground. Learn about this unstoppable movement and how you can get involved.
Atossa Soltani is the founder and executive director of Amazon Watch, the non-profit organization dedicated to defending the rainforests and the rights of indigenous peoples of the Amazon basin
Tuesday, Sept 22, 2015
How do our clothing choices impact the carbon cycle?What do dyes, fabrics, and clothing production have to do with climate change? Learn about full-cycle sustainable clothing production and how this supports living wages, flourishing soil, and a healthy climate.
Host: Elizabeth Ferguson, Ph.D.
Host: Jeremy Lent


The Orphan Disease Center's JumpStart program serves to establish and progress research agendas in emerging and neglected rare diseases. The JumpStart program partners with patient groups and families to address gaps by identifying key opinion leaders and introducing new researchers to a disease. The program can help facilitate the development of animal models, establish a patient alliance or a patient registry, and organize symposia. Due to limited resources, ODC is unable to provide financial support. JumpStart primarily offers scientific advisement and network outreach.
Condition Awareness & Advocacy
Here is a list of conditions this partner raises awareness and advocacy for:
Resources & Support
Patient Worthy Posts on Rare Disease


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|Grump Meter helps children control anger|
|Written by Ellen Portnoy, Contributing Writer|
|Wednesday, July 18 2012 10:12|
Sometimes uncontrolled anger in children and teens can lead to the one event that parents, teachers, doctors and friends cannot fix — suicide. Lynn Kaufman, who has a master's degree in social work, has devoted the last 22 years helping children and families talk about their anger, become aware of their angry moods, recognize oncoming anger signs and control their angry behaviors.
"I found the issues around families and children very interesting," said Kaufman. "I am interested in how relationships among people work. I am interested in children and families learning to control their anger and express it in positive and constructive ways. I am interested in people in a family understanding each other's anger so that each member of the family has ways to be known and understood."
This interest first brought her to KVC Behavioral Health Care in Wyandotte County in 1990. The focus of the treatment center was "anger control." Although the social workers were following a program on anger control developed by Arnold Goldstein, Ph.D., Kaufman decided that something more was needed.
"I decided that children would benefit from a tool that would help them identify their angry moods and escalating anger," she said. "I developed the Grump Meter and immediately saw how children used it and how it helped them identify their anger and put words and new thoughts to their angry moods."
She then started using the Grump Meter to teach anger control to families. Families were encouraged to acknowledge anger, frustration and fear connected to aggressive and destructive behaviors.
"To my surprise," she added, "the parents loved the tool and wanted to use it with their children."
The Grump Meter can be any size. It is basically a ruler with five categories, blue for calm; green for grumpy; yellow for caution; orange for stop; and red for explosion.
The tool became so helpful that Kaufman and her daughter, Janet Kaufman, Ph.D. decided to write a book. "The Grump Meter, A Family Tool for Anger Control," so that many more families could use the techniques to help negotiate and manage their expression of strong feelings in new ways.
"I recognized immediately that the color and the simplicity of the book were very helpful to family understanding of anxiety, sorrow, grief, loss and anger," said Kaufman. "The children were able to see from colors how they changed feelings during one day. This helped them be aware of where they were on the Grump Meter and to reach the goal of coming back to blue. The goal of the grump meter is to have a blue day and to avoid the ride to red."
Besides helping children and their parents know where a child is on the Grump Meter, the book also provides ways to bring a child down from the danger zones of orange and red, and move back to the calmer green and blue zones.
Others are also aware of the impact Kaufman has made on the children in Kansas. In April she was honored by the University of Kansas as the 2012 Outstanding KU Social Work Alumna. In her nomination of Kaufman, Hildy Flanigan stated:
"In 2004, KVC opened a licensed hospital for preteens and teens. Lynn was the first social worker on that unit. Most of the children admitted to the hospital came with suicide ideation and/or attempts to end their lives. To help children find the language to understand their own life stories and find reasons to live instead of die, and to help them find language and their own creativity and courage, Lynn turned to literature, writing, group process family dialogue and behavioral approaches, including anger control."
Kaufman said that 99 percent of children that she sees come in following suicide thoughts, feelings and actions.
"When shown the Grump Meter, they immediately point to red — the area of the most anger. They identify 'red' as the mood they were in when they attempted to end their lives," said Kaufman. "Once they started to drop to orange and yellow and green, they have no thoughts of suicide. That change can take place within hours of admission to the hospital where the 'work' begins."
"What is in their minds when they want to kill themselves?" Kaufman asks. "Why is this day different from all other days?' The answer is that every child has an answer to the question and describes an issue or a story or a crisis that they cannot solve. They feel hopeless to find answers and in those moments, they see no other way to solve their problems. Once they see options and consider new thoughts, their need to die is decreased. Every single child who survives an attempt to end their lives is glad they are alive."
Besides her work at KVC, Kaufman has also been an adjunct instructor for the KU School of Social Work and has been a field instructor for students for many years.
She and her husband, Andrew Kaufman, M.D. belong to The Temple, Congregation B'nai Jehudah. They are the parents of two daughters and four grandchildren. Two of the grandchildren also contributed to the book with the illustrations: Rachel and Jonah.
The "Grump Meter" is available from Amazon and from Kaufman's website: _URL_.


text:
Run Model Advisor Checks for HDL Coder
The Model Advisor checks a model or subsystem for conditions and configuration settings that can result in inaccurate or inefficient simulation. The Model Advisor produces a report that lists the suboptimal conditions or settings that it finds, and proposes better model configuration settings where possible. HDL Coder™ integrates the checks in the HDL Code Advisor with the Model Advisor.
Open the Model Advisor Checks
You can open the Model Advisor in either of these ways:
In the Modeling tab, select Model Advisor. In the System Selector dialog box, select the model or Subsystem that you want to analyze, and click OK.
To run the model advisor checks for the Subsystem that you want to analyze, right-click that Subsystem, and select Model Advisor > Open Model Advisor.
At the command line, enter
systemis the name of the model or Subsystem that you want to analyze. For more information, see
When you open the Model Advisor in Simulink®, you see the checks in the HDL Coder subfolder of the By Product folder. Each subfolder in the HDL Coder folder represents a group or category of related checks. Expanding the folders display available checks in each folder. From the left pane, you can select a folder or an individual check. The Model Advisor displays information about the selected folder or check in the right pane. The content of the right pane depends on the selected folder or check. The right pane has a Result subpane that contains a display area for status messages and other task results.
To learn more about each individual check, right-click that check, and select What's This?.
Run Checks in the Model Advisor
In the Model Advisor window, you can run individual checks or a group of checks. To run a check, Select that check, and then click Run This Check.
To run a group of checks within a folder:
Select the checks that you want to run.
Select the folder that contains these checks and then click Run Checks
For example, to run the checks in the Checks for blocks and block settings folder, select the folder, and then click Run Checks.
You can also right-click the folder Checks for blocks and block settings, and select Run Selected Checks in the Model Advisor.
Display Check Results in the Model Advisor Report
To display an HTML report of the check results, click Report from the toolstrip. You can use the Report drop-down to change the report format to PDF or WORD.
This report shows typical results for a run of the Checks for blocks and block settings folder.
The report displays a run summary of the checks in the folder that you generated the report for. As you run the checks, the Model Advisor updates the reports with the latest information for each check in the folder. When you run the checks at different times, timestamps appear at the top right of the report to indicate when checks have been run. Checks that occurred during previous runs have a timestamp following the check name. You can filter checks in the report to show checks that display a Warning, or show checks that Passed, and so on.
Fix Warnings or Failures
When a model or referenced model has a suboptimal condition, checks can fail. After you run a Model Advisor analysis, indicates checks that have warnings. A warning result is informational. You can fix the reported issue or move on to the next task.
To fix warnings or failures, in the Result sub-pane, review the recommended actions to make changes to your model. When you fix a warning or failure, to verify that the check passes, re-run the check.
Some checks can use the Fix option from the toolstrip. Note that this option is available for selected checks that display violations with input parameters. This example displays the incorrect Reciprocal block settings that caused the check to display a warning.
When you select Fix, the Action Report window shows the changes that were applied. To verify that the check passes, rerun the check. If you use the Model Advisor dashboard, you see that the analysis is faster when you rerun the check because the Model Advisor does not reload the checks before executing them.


Showing error message on selectOneMenu while selecting default
Showing error message on selectOneMenu while selecting default
So, we have a menu, brimmed with our objects from list/database. The intention would be creating a default "Select" kind of the first row and to brag on the user when s/he selects the default.
The trick is simple, create the first list with null object and label it as Select. Lets show it with simple example.
We want to have a list of programming languages on our select menu. And, the first would be a default object.
 //Actual domain class
 class Language{
 private String name;
 private String type;
 private boolan isCompiled;
 getters/setters goes here
 }
 //Bean class
 class someBean{
 private List languages;
 .
 .
 public String getLanguages(){
 //Let languages would be filled by some service or factory
 this.languages = someLanguageFactory.getAllLanguages();
 //Assign the first element as null
 this.languages.add(0, null);
 }
 }

 //JSF page
 :
 :
 <h:selectOneMenu id="selectLanguage" value="someBean.languages"
 requred="true" ....
This should do the task, make the list required, and populate the first list null. So, during validation if the selection is null it would be rejected as we have told it to watch an eye on blank fields.
See how you would solve these known algorithm problems
Implementing tokenizer and adding tokens to the linked list
Finding missing numbers from billion sequential number list file
Find K Complementary numbers from array Java implementation
Find longest palindrom from sequence of characters
Check if two strings are anagrams or not
Find the first occurence of number in the sorted array
Array reversal in Recurrsion
testing k complementary pairs algorithm with junit
Check if there are three numbers a, b, c giving a total T from array A
Java solution for checking anagram strings – tell if phrases are anagrams
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text:
Health officials warn of possible hepatitis A exposure at Indianapolis restaurant
Marion County health officials are recommending that some customers at a café on the canal receive the hepatitis A vaccine after potential exposure to the disease that can cause liver damage.
Anyone who ate at Fresco Italian Café on the Canal, at 340 W. Michigan Street, on Aug. 6 should consider getting a vaccine to prevent against infection, health officials say.
The one hitch: You need to do it fast, as the shot needs to be administered within two weeks of exposure.
The health department will offer the vaccine for free to anyone who consumed food or drink at the café on that day. The vaccine can be found at any of the district health offices at MarionHealth.org.
In addition, the health department will offer it on a walk-in basis from 1 to 4 p.m. on Saturday at the Meadows Clinic, 3901 Meadows Drive.
An acute disease spread through the fecal-oral route, hepatitis A can lead to symptoms such as fever, nausea, vomiting, appetite loss, stomach pain, and jaundice. The virus also inflames the liver.
While not all people infected exhibit symptoms, once infected a person can transmit the disease to someone else who may then develop symptoms.
Health officials said in a press release that the restaurant "has maintained appropriate food service standards." The release added that after an additional inspection with health officials, the restaurant cooperated with the recommendations made.
The news comes as Indiana and other parts of the nation are in the grip of a hepatitis A outbreak, largely associated with the homeless and those who use drugs intravenously. Since November there have been 364 confirmed cases of hepatitis A and one death. Normally Indiana sees about 20 cases a year of the disease.
Most of the cases in the Indiana outbreak have occurred in the southern part of the state. Marion County has seen nine cases of the disease.
Nationwide there have been more than 4,000 illnesses in 10 states and nearly 60 deaths.
Several other Indiana eateries have also warned customers about potential hepatitis A exposure since the beginning of the outbreak.
Call IndyStar reporter Shari Rudavsky at _PHONE_. Follow her on Twitter: @srudavsky.


text:
Pleistocene Park and the North-East Scientific Station
The North-East Scientific Station (NESS) and Pleistocene Park are scientific organizations located in the north of Siberia, 5 km from the town of Chersky (Yakutia)
(68° 44'N, 161° 23'E).
Established in 1977, the North-East Scientific Station has become one of the world's largest Arctic research stations, providing varied opportunities for study throughout the year in various disciplines such as ecology, climate change, arctic biology, permafrost studies, hydrology, limnology, geophysics, atmospheric physics, and others. NESS has 3 laboratories with modern equipment and the ability to welcome up to 50 researchers at a time.
Pleistocene Park is a major initiative that includes an attempt to restore the mammoth steppe ecosystem, which was dominant in the Arctic in the late Pleistocene. The initiative requires replacement of the current unproductive northern ecosystems by highly productive pastures which have both a high animal density and a high rate of biocycling.
Experiments with animal reintroductions were begun in 1988. Currently, Pleistocene Park consists of an enclosed area of 16 square kilometers that is home to 5 major herbivore species: bison, musk ox, moose, horses and reindeer.
May 1, 2012 — New photos of the park from 2011-2012
April 24, 2011 — Wapiti and Bisons have arrived to the Park
Six Wapiti and five Bisons have arrived to the Park. All feeling fine. More information and photos are coming soon.
March 17, 2011 — New photos of musk ox
Ice on the river is now deep enough, so we have made 45km of winter road to the Park and now it is much easier to get there. Took camera with me and now we have a few new shots.


text: - Ferromagnetic resonance (FMR), including standing spin-wave resonance (SWR) modes, were measured in NiZn ferrite films, which have high permeability even up to the gigahertz range. They were prepared from an aqueous solution by spin spray ferrite plating at 90/spl deg/C. The perpendicular field FMR spectra exhibited SWR modes whose line separation had linear dependence on spin wave number, deviating from the quadratic behavior. This indicated that the films have inhomogeneous distribution of magnetization perpendicular to film plane, and have different magnetic surface anisotropies between the inner and outer surfaces of the respective films. The in-plane field FMR spectra revealed no SWR mode. A possible model is proposed to explain the features not only of the FMR spectra, but also of the initial permeability spectra measured on the films.


text:
The Ashy-faced Owl is similar in size and appearance to the North American Barn Owl, but overall darker, grayer, and with a distinctly ashy-gray facial disk. It was once thought to be a subspecies of the Barn Owl, but is now recognized as a separate species endemic to the island of Hispaniola (Haiti and the Dominican Republic). Data on the species is still somewhat limited, but it is thought to favour open woodlands, forests, and scrub, including areas around towns and villages.
Ashy-faced Owls prey primarily on small mammals and birds, but also hunt tree frogs and lizards. The population of these owls is declining, largely due to habitat loss, which in turn is a consequence of the rapid growth of the Dominican Republic's human population from less than 2.5 million in 1950 to over 8 million just half a century later. The Ashy-faced Owl is more dependant on forests than the somewhat larger Barn Owl; as a result, deforestation has benefited the Barn Owl at the expense of the Ashy-faced Owl.
The Ashy-faced Owl was first bred in captivity in Germany about ten years ago. In 1997 the Dominican National Zoo (ZOODOM) and the Society for the Conservation and Research of Owls (S.C.R.O.) signed an agreement to cooperate on a breeding project for the conservation of this species in the Dominican Republic. In March 2001, two chicks were hatched in captivity for the first time in the Americas, and seven additional chicks have hatched since.
LINKS TO OTHER WEBSITES:
Dominican Republic Owl Conservation Project
Owl Trust - Ashy-faced Owl
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text:
School counselling staff are members of the school learning and support team.
A teacher may recommend the service by referring a student to the school's learning and support team. As a parent or carer, you may refer your child directly to the school counselling service. Students can also self-refer to the service.
The school counselling service can:
- support students who are worrying about school work, friends, getting in trouble at school or feeling down
- help parents and carers make decisions about your child's education
- assess a student's learning and behaviour
- help teachers and students identify and address disabilities that may affect learning
- liaise with other agencies regarding student wellbeing.
School counselling is confidential.
For more information about learning and support teams and the school counselling service, visit:


text: INSTALLx.txt - cross-compiling Vim on Unix Content: 1. Introduction 2. Necessary arguments for "configure" 3. Necessary environment variables for "configure" 4. Example 1. INTRODUCTION =============== This document discusses cross-compiling VIM on Unix-like systems. We assume you are already familiar with cross-compiling and have a working cross-compile environment with at least the following components: * a cross-compiler * a libc to link against * ncurses library to link against Discussing how to set up a cross-compile environment would go beyond the scope of this document. See _URL_ for more information and a script that aids in setting up such an environment. The problem is that "configure" needs to compile and run small test programs to check for certain features. Running these test programs can't be done when cross-compiling so we need to pass the results these checks would produce via environment variables. See the list of variables and the examples at the end of this document. 2. NECESSARY ARGUMENTS FOR "configure" ====================================== You need to set the following "configure" command line switches: --build=... : The build system (i.e. the platform name of the system you compile on right now). For example, "i586-linux". --host=... : The system on which VIM will be run. Quite often this the name of your cross-compiler without the "-gcc". For example, "powerpc-603-linux-gnu". --target=... : Only relevant for compiling compilers. Set this to the same value as --host. --with-tlib=... : Which terminal library to use. For example, "ncurses". 3. NECESSARY ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES FOR "configure" ================================================== Additionally to the variables listed here you might want to set the CPPFLAGS environment variable to enable optimization for your target system (e.g. "CPPFLAGS=-march=arm5te"). The following variables need to be set: ac_cv_sizeof_int: The size of an "int" C type in bytes. Should be "4" on all 32bit machines. vi_cv_path_python_conf: If Python support is enabled, set this variable to the path for Python's library implementation. This is a path like "/usr/lib/pythonX.Y/config" (the directory contains a file "config.c"). vi_cv_var_python_epfx: If Python support is enabled, set this variable to the execution prefix of your Python interpreter (that is, where it thinks it is running). This is the output of the following Python script: import sys; print sys.exec_prefix vi_cv_var_python_pfx: If Python support is enabled, set this variable to the prefix of your Python interpreter (that is, where it was installed). This is the output of the following Python script: import sys; print sys.prefix vi_cv_var_python_version: If Python support is enabled, set this variable to the version of the Python interpreter that will be used. This is the output of the following Python script: import sys; print sys.version[:3] vim_cv_bcopy_handles_overlap: Whether the "memmove" C library call is able to copy overlapping memory regions. Set to "yes" if it does or "no" if it does not. You only need to set this if vim_cv_memmove_handles_overlap is set to "no". vim_cv_getcwd_broken: Whether the "getcwd" C library call is broken. Set to "yes" if you know that "getcwd" is implemented as'system("sh -c pwd")', set to "no" otherwise. vim_cv_memcpy_handles_overlap: Whether the "memcpy" C library call is able to copy overlapping memory regions. Set to "yes" if it does or "no" if it does not. You only need to set this if both vim_cv_memmove_handles_overlap and vim_cv_bcopy_handles_overlap are set to "no". vim_cv_memmove_handles_overlap: Whether the "memmove" C library call is able to copy overlapping memory regions. Set to "yes" if it does or "no" if it does not. vim_cv_stat_ignores_slash: Whether the "stat" C library call ignores trailing slashes in the path name. Set to "yes" if it ignores them or "no" if it does not ignore them. vim_cv_tgetent: Whether the "tgetent" terminal library call returns a zero or non-zero value when it encounters an unknown terminal. Set to either the string "zero" or "non-zero", corresponding. vim_cv_terminfo: Whether the environment has terminfo support. Set to "yes" if so, otherwise set to "no". vim_cv_toupper_broken: Whether the "toupper" C library function works correctly. Set to "yes" if you know it's broken, otherwise set to "no". vim_cv_tty_group: The default group of pseudo terminals. Either set to the numeric value of your tty group or to "world" if they are world accessible. vim_cv_tty_mode: The default mode of pseudo terminals if they are not world accessible. Most probably the value "0620". 4. EXAMPLE: =========== Assuming the target system string is "armeb-xscale-linux-gnu" (a Intel XScale system) with glibc and ncurses, the call to configure would look like this: ac_cv_sizeof_int=4 \ vim_cv_getcwd_broken=no \ vim_cv_memmove_handles_overlap=yes \ vim_cv_stat_ignores_slash=yes \ vim_cv_tgetent=zero \ vim_cv_terminfo=yes \ vim_cv_toupper_broken=no \ vim_cv_tty_group=world \./configure \ --build=i586-linux \ --host=armeb-xscale-linux-gnu \ --target=armeb-xscale-linux-gnu \ --with-tlib=ncurses Written 2007 by Marc Haisenko for the VIM project.


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The tikz-external solution
You can use the tikz external library to cache tikz drawings:
Note that the \tikzexternalize command must be given in the main.tex file of the project, for tikz-externalization to work on Overleaf.
You will then need to create a tikz folder in your project. For this to work on Overleaf, the folder you create needs to have a (dummy) file in it—for example, you can add a blank foo.txt file in the tikz folder.
As the externalised tikz PDFs are considered as output files, you will not see them show up in the file list, but they are indeed present within the project. You can view the list of generated files to see them.
Some commands from other packages may cause errors in externalization mode; for example, \includepdf from the pdfpages. To get around this, you will need to "optimise" such commands away:
\tikzexternalize[prefix=tikz/,optimize command away=\includepdf]
There are too many of them!
However, if your drawings are too complex and there are too many of them, you will still get a timeout the first time the externalised files are generated. Building your project incrementally (by commenting different chunks of your project) may help, but bear in mind that all generated files are garbage collected at fixed intervals on the servers. Your project may then fail to compile when you next log in, and you'd have to re-generate them all incrementally again.
Generating the drawings locally
As a workaround, you can generate the files on a local machine first, by downloading your project and compiling it on your own local machine. After the compile completes, you should see the tikz folder containing.pdf,.md5,.dpth and.dpth files for each of your tikz drawings. If you then upload these files to your Overleaf project's tikz folder, your project will then use these files directly, and compilation should be fairly fast. These files won't be deleted by the server, as uploaded file are never garbage-collected.
A caveat: if you change your tikz code in future, you may have to delete the corresponding files in the tikz folder first, so that Overleaf can generate and use a new version. Alternatively, you can re-generate the files on your machine, and re-upload them to Overleaf. Remember that you need to replace all the.pdf,.md5,.dep and.dpth for that particular tikz drawing. On Overleaf v2, these files must be prefixed with output, instead of the filename of your.tex.
Generating the drawings in a separate project
Alternatively you can create a separate project that just contains the figure(s), you can include the output of the figure in your original project by clicking on the "Upload files" icon above the file list panel, and then choosing From another project. Select the project containing the tikz drawings, and then the select from output files option.
That way, you only have to compile the complicated figure once, and then you can include the resulting pdf as a normal figure with \includegraphics[page=1]{drawings.pdf} in your main project.
The separate project containing the tikz drawings can use the standalone or preview package, to produce output PDFs that are tightly cropped.
Here's some sample code using the standalone package:
And here's some sample code using the preview package:
Overleaf guides
LaTeX Basics
Figures and tables
References and Citations
Document structure
Field specific
Class files
Advanced TeX/LaTeX


text:
Your Gregory pack is designed to provide you with many years of enjoyable use. It is important that you take the following steps:
- Using a mild soap (never use detergents or solvents) and a damp sponge, wipe out the inside and outside of the pack bag. Be sure to completely air dry the pack with all zippers open prior to storing.
- Stubborn stains may require scrubbing with a soft bristle nylon brush. However, please note that excessive cleaning may damage the protective coatings provided by the manufacturer and is NOT recommended.
- Never put your pack in the dryer as the heat may damage the manufacturers protective coatings. You should also keep it out of direct sunlight and away from direct heat sources (the oven, a radiator, etc) when storing your pack.
- The use of solvents and dryers may damage your pack.
- Always store your pack in a cool, dry place.


ICAD second call
 CALL FOR PAPERS
 ICAD '94
 International Conference on Auditory Display
 Santa Fe, New Mexico
 Dates: November 7-9, 1994
 Sponsored by
 Santa Fe Institute
 Continuing the work of the successful ICAD '92 meeting, ICAD '94 will
 be held November 7-9, 1994 in Santa Fe, New Mexico, U.S.A. ICAD is a
 monitor systems, and provide enhanced user interfaces for computers
 auditory displays, and the array of perception, technology, and
 application areas that these encompass. ICAD '94 will be a singleaffiliation requirements.
 Papers are solicited on any aspects of Auditory Display. Topic areas
 include, but are not limited to:
 - Auditory exploration of data via sonification (data-controlled
 sound) and audification (audible playback of data samples)
 - Real-time monitoring of multivariate data
 - Sound in immersive interfaces (Virtual Reality) and Teleoperation
 - Perceptual issues in Auditory Display
 - Sound in generalized computer interfaces
 - Technologies supporting Auditory Display creation
 - Data handling and sound synthesis for Auditory Display systems
 - Applications of Auditory Display
 Both short and long papers may be submitted. Long papers are not to
 exceed 10 single spaced, single sided pages, and short papers are not
 to exceed 5 pages. Authors may state their preference for a long or
 short presentation, but the final decision is up to the Steering
 In order to facilitate the blind review process, the following
 submission guidelines must be strictly adhered to:
 1. Submit 6 copies of the complete paper to
 Santa Fe Institute
 1660 Old Pecos Trail, Suite A
 Santa Fe, NM 87051
 2. Include a single cover sheet which contains
 - the paper title
 - the full names, affiliations, complete addresses, phone and
 FAX numbers, and e-mail addresses of the authors
 - a 100- to 150-word abstract
 - a list of up to five keywords
 3. Author names and addresses are NOT to appear in the body of the
 paper and self-reference should be in the third person to avoid
 compromising anonymity.
 | |
 | IMPORTANT DATES |
 | |
 | Manuscript submission 1 Apr 1994 |
 | |
 | Notification of review decisions 15 Jul 1994 |
 | |
 | Camera-ready copy 2 Dec 1994 |
 | |
 ICAD '94 will also include informal sessions where preliminary
 or speculative material and descriptions or demonstrations of
 hardware and software may be presented. Send one copy of your
 poster session paper or a description of your demonstration to
 the address above by 15 July 1993.
 Gregory Kramer, CLARITY, SFI
 Steven Frysinger, AT&T
 Gregory Kramer, CLARITY, SFI
 Stuart Smith, University of Massachusetts
 Elizabeth Wenzel, NASA Ames Research Center
 James Ballas, Naval Research Laboratory
 Nat Durlach, MIT
 Steven Frysinger, AT&T
 William Gaver, RANK Xerox EuroPARC
 Gregory Kramer, CLARITY, SFI
 Elizabeth Mynatt, Georgia Institute of Technology
 Carla Scaletti, CERL, University of Illinois, Symbolic Sound Corp.
 Julius Smith, CCRMA, Stanford University
 Stuart Smith, University of Massachusetts
 Elizabeth Wenzel, NASA Ames Research Center
 Sheila Williams, University of Sheffield
 The focus of the Santa Fe Institute is research on complex systems.
 This work encompasses an extraordinary range of topics normally
 studied in seemingly disparate fields. Natural systems displaying
 complex adaptive behavior range upwards from DNA through cells and
 evolutionary systems to human societies. The dynamics of complex
 systems are difficult to comprehend and even more difficult to
 communicate. Data visualization--and more recently data
 sonification--are emerging as crucial tools for the comprehension
 and communication of complex systems data.
 Santa Fe is a small, picturesque city located at an altitude of 7,000
 feet in the foothills of the Rocky Mountains. A town of 55,000 people,
 it is renowned for its beauty, art, culture, museums, and restaurants.
 Snow in November is probable and ski resorts will likely be open.
 Address general inquiries to the Conference Chair:
 Gregory Kramer
 Nelson Lane
 Garrison, NY 10524
 Tel. _PHONE_
 FAX _PHONE_


Describing and referring to LEDs in ACPI
Individual LEDs are described by hierarchical data extension [5] nodes under the device node, the LED driver chip. The "reg" property in the LED specific nodes tells the numerical ID of each individual LED output to which the LEDs are connected. [leds] The hierarchical data nodes are named "led@X", where X is the number of the LED output.
Referring to LEDs in Device tree is documented in [video-interfaces], in "flash-leds" property documentation. In short, LEDs are directly referred to by using phandles.
While Device tree allows referring to any node in the tree [devicetree], in ACPI references are limited to device nodes only [acpi]. For this reason using the same mechanism on ACPI is not possible. A mechanism to refer to non-device ACPI nodes is documented in [data-node-ref].
ACPI allows (as does DT) using integer arguments after the reference. A combination of the LED driver device reference and an integer argument, referring to the "reg" property of the relevant LED, is used to identify individual LEDs. The value of the "reg" property is a contract between the firmware and software, it uniquely identifies the LED driver outputs.
Under the LED driver device, The first hierarchical data extension package list entry shall contain the string "led@" followed by the number of the LED, followed by the referred object name. That object shall be named "LED" followed by the number of the LED.
Example
An ASL example of a camera sensor device and a LED driver device for two LEDs is show below. Objects not relevant for LEDs or the references to them have been omitted.
Device (LED)
{
 Name (_DSD, Package () {
 ToUUID("dbb8e3e6-5886-4ba6-8795-1319f52a966b"),
 Package () {
 Package () { "led@0", LED0 },
 Package () { "led@1", LED1 },
 }
 })
 Name (LED0, Package () {
 ToUUID("daffd814-6eba-4d8c-8a91-bc9bbf4aa301"),
 Package () {
 Package () { "reg", 0 },
 Package () { "flash-max-microamp", _PHONE_ },
 Package () { "flash-timeout-us", 200000 },
 Package () { "led-max-microamp", 100000 },
 Package () { "label", "white:flash" },
 }
 })
 Name (LED1, Package () {
 ToUUID("daffd814-6eba-4d8c-8a91-bc9bbf4aa301"),
 Package () {
 Package () { "reg", 1 },
 Package () { "led-max-microamp", 10000 },
 Package () { "label", "red:indicator" },
 }
 })
}
Device (SEN)
{
 Name (_DSD, Package () {
 ToUUID("daffd814-6eba-4d8c-8a91-bc9bbf4aa301"),
 Package () {
 Package () {
 "flash-leds",
 Package () { ^LED, "led@0", ^LED, "led@1" },
 }
 }
 })
}
where
LED LED driver device
LED0 First LED
LED1 Second LED
SEN Camera sensor device (or another device the LED is related to)
References
[acpi] Advanced Configuration and Power Interface Specification.
_URL_ referenced 2021-11-30.
[data-node-ref] Referencing hierarchical data nodes
[devicetree] Devicetree. _URL_, referenced 2019-02-21.
[dsd-guide] DSD Guide.
_URL_ referenced 2021-11-30.
[leds] Documentation/devicetree/bindings/leds/common.yaml
[video-interfaces] Documentation/devicetree/bindings/media/video-interfaces.yaml


text:
Fresh Sp715a Ignition Control Diagram For Control Circuit Board 61 Diagram Maker Windows
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text:
or birch-pitch is a substance (liquid when heated) derived from the dry distillation
of the wood of the birch
. It is therefore pyroligneous.
Birch-tar was used widely as an adhesive as early as the late Paleolithic or early Mesolithic era. It has also been used as a disinfectant, in leather dressing, and in medicine.
It is compounded of guaiacol, phenols, cresol, xylenol, and creosol.


Using click macros with Adobe Edge
Adobe Edge allows you to quickly make interactive HTML5 rich media ad items, and it's easy to implement our click tracking macros in the process.
Implement the 'click event'
Once you've created your Adobe Edge creative, you will need to edit the code in order for AdButler to communicate with it properly. First, create an element that will act as a hyperlink. Once done, select the element and click the code button "{}" on the properties panel. Choose the action that activates the element. Click is the most common.
You can set the cursor type in your elements cursor panel.
In the code panel that appears, paste in the following code bit, taken from our HTML5 click-track reference:, '_blank');
This is a JavaScript function which will open a different website in a new tab. After you've pasted it in, save and export the ad item for web.
Adding the click macro to the HTML document
Now open the HTML file that we just exported in any plain text editor. In the of the HTML, paste the code:
window.clickTag = '[TRACKING_LINK]';
This script allows AdButler to replace "window.clickTag" with the destination of the ad item, and let's us also track the impressions and clicks of the ad item. Be sure to use the macro "[TRACKING_LINK]."
Upload your HTML5 ad to AdButler
For AdButler to properly display the creative, all the files associated with the ad (HTML, image assets, CSS, etc.) will need to be compressed into a single.zip file. Most operating systems give you the ability to create a zip via right-clicking the folder selecting the appropriate option from the dropdown menu, but you can use any program or utility to create your zip file.
Naming permissions differ between folders and URLs. In URLs the. character is reserved for differentiating domains. When creating your Adobe Edge files, please ensure that you do not use any restricted characters.
After creating your zip file, in your AdButler dashboard navigate to the advertiser campaign or publisher zone where you want to add your ad item. Create a new HTML5 Rich Media Ad Item, and use the upload button to upload the zip file. Make sure you set your destination URL in AdButler so the user will be directed to the appropriate location after the click.
With this setup, the ad item's click event will record a click in our database, and the destination URL in your ad setup will redirect them to the proper destination.
Can't find what you're looking for?
Send us an email
Visit the blog
For more ad serving tips, industry news and AdButler insights.


text: Ransom Everglades Upper School is an independent private school that offers college-preparatory education to students in grades nine through 12. The school offers academic programs in various subjects, such as English, language arts, science, social studies and math. It also provides education in various other subjects, such as fine and visual arts, physical education and technology. It additionally offers advanced placement courses in a wide range of subjects, including statistics, calculus, computer science, music theory, French, American and European history, environmental science government and politics, chemistry, world history, psychology, biology, physics, and microeconomics and macroeconomics. It also provides a library and media center that houses more than 25,000 volumes of print books, databases and access to other libraries, including the University of Miami and Miami-Dade County Public Libraries. The school also provides a wide range of extracurricular activities and sport programs. Ransom Everglades Upper School is located in Miami.


text:
Interstate Turbine Advisory Council Releases Unified List of Small Wind Turbines
Collaborative Group of Public Clean Energy Programs Identifies Small Wind Turbines Eligible for Participation in State Incentive Programs On May 1st, the Interstate Turbine Advisory Council (ITAC), a project of the Clean Energy States Alliance (CESA), released the first version of its Unified List of small wind turbines (turbines with a rotor swept area less…
Collaborative Group of Public Clean Energy Programs Identifies Small Wind Turbines Eligible for Participation in State Incentive Programs
On May 1st, the Interstate Turbine Advisory Council (ITAC), a project of the Clean Energy States Alliance (CESA), released the first version of its Unified List of small wind turbines (turbines with a rotor swept area less than 200 square meters) eligible for state incentive program funding. The Unified List provides a collaborative and common list of turbines, a critical step in developing a robust distributed wind market. The List will be used by ITAC-member clean energy programs across the United States, who have pooled resources to efficiently review and evaluate turbines.
Six clean energy programs across the U.S. will be adopting the Unified List: the Energy Trust of Oregon, the New York State Energy Research Development Authority (NYSERDA), the California Energy Commission, the Massachusetts Clean Energy Center, the New Jersey Clean Energy Program, and Nevada Energy. The List provides these programs with peer-reviewed, carefully-vetted turbines that have proven safety and reliability records and third-party certified power performance.
"Having individual state lists of eligible wind turbines is inefficient and causes confusion in the marketplace, and managing these lists has proven a challenge for state clean energy funds," said Mark Sinclair, Executive Director of Clean Energy States Alliance. "It is vital for states to collaborate and share intelligence about past and present product performance, customer and dealer experiences and program challenges, and that's what ITAC's Unified List helps them do."
"NYSERDA sees tremendous value in the Unified List," said Mark Mayhew, Project Manager of NYSERDA's Wind Incentive Program. "The information contained in the List, and the collaborative process to create it, will help us improve our program and provide valuable benefits to our customers." NYSERDA adopted the list as of today.
The following turbines were on ITAC's original Unified List:
- Bergey Excel 10
- Endurance S343
- Evance R9000
- Gaia 133
- Wind Turbine Industries, Corp. Jacobs 31-20
- Southwest Windpower Skystream 3.7
- Xzeres 442SR
The Seaforth Energy AOC 15-50 was added at the end of May.
Only ITAC-member programs may use the Unified List for incentive eligibility. Programs wishing to use the list should contact CESA to discuss membership.
Over the last year, ITAC has hosted regular meetings to identify, discuss, review, and collect information on small wind turbines in order to create a carefully vetted list. ITAC determined criteria and requirements for small turbine review to increase consumer confidence in small wind technology, provide consistency to public clean energy programs, and to ensure that tax- or rate-payer funding supports the installation of reliable and safe technology.
Turbines on the list must be certified or pursuing certification to the AWEA 9.1-2009 (small wind) standard. In addition, ITAC reviewed manufacturers' consumer and dealer services, marketing consistency with third-party testing, turbine operational history, turbine warranty, and manufacturers' response to technical problems, failures, and customer complaints.
ITAC will be reviewing mid-sized turbines (rotor swept area greater than 200 square meters) over the upcoming months and plans to release a second version of its list in the fall of 2012.
To view the list of ITAC small turbine requirements and the full list of qualified turbines, please visit ITAC's web page.
Source: Clean Energy States Alliance


text:
Definition of haute bourgeoisie in English:
noun(the haute bourgeoisie) [treated as singular or plural]
The upper middle class.
- Today, Occultists are routinely disparaged by the superior classes, the haute bourgeoisie, to which I belong, and which also includes most of the widely read art critics and influential art historians.
- These forms of unearned income linked to exploitation led to the emergence of the haute bourgeoisie as a new ruling class, which molded the state and church into instruments of domination over the petit bourgeoisie and the working class.
- Not all Dresden was bombed, of course; on the banks of the Elbe there are still the magnificent villas of the haute bourgeoisie.
French, literally 'high bourgeoisie'.
Definition of haute bourgeoisie in:
- US English dictionary
What do you find interesting about this word or phrase?
Comments that don't adhere to our Community Guidelines may be moderated or removed.


ed",
 "billingTags": [],
 "name": "geojson example",
 "contentEncoding": "",
 "description": "geojson example",
 "partitioning": {
 "scheme": "heretile",
 "tileLevels": [12]
 },
 "id": "geojson",
 "contentType": "application/vnd.geo+json",
 "tags": []
}
You can then add the output into a config.json file to update your catalog with the GeoJSON layer configuration.:
{
 "id": {{YOUR_CATALOG_ID}},
 "name": "{{YOUR_USERNAME}} geojson example copy",
 "summary": "geojson example copy",
 "description": "geojson example copy",
 "layers": [
 {{json output from the "olp catalog layer show" command above}}
 ]
}
olp catalog update {{YOUR_DST_CATALOG_HRN}} --config config.json --scope {{YOUR_PROJECT_HRN}}
Add a layer to contain the internal compilation state. The Data Processing Library uses this layer for stateful processing in subsequent runs. For more details on the state layer, see the Developer's Guide.
olp catalog layer add {{YOUR_DST_CATALOG_HRN}} state "internal compilation state" \
 --content-type="application/octet-stream" \
 --versioned --partitioning=generic \
 --summary "internal compilation state" \
 --description "internal compilation state" \
 --scope {{YOUR_PROJECT_HRN}}
Copy the GeoJSON layer contents
Create the following folder structure for the project:
copy-geojson
└── src
 └── main
 ├── java
 └── resources
 └── scala
To do this with a single bash command:
mkdir -p copy-geojson/src/main/{java,resources,scala}
The POM for this example is identical to that of the first Maven example, except for its parent and dependencies section:
<parent>
 <groupId>com.here.platform</groupId>
 <artifactId>sdk-batch-bom_2.12</artifactId>
 <version>2.45.7</version>
 <relativePath/>
</parent>
Scala
Java
<dependencies>
 <dependency>
 <groupId>com.here.platform.data.processing</groupId>
 <artifactId>batch-core_${scala.compat.version}</artifactId>
 </dependency>
 <dependency>
 <groupId>com.here.platform.data.processing</groupId>
 <artifactId>pipeline-runner_${scala.compat.version}</artifactId>
 </dependency>
 <dependency>
 <groupId>com.here.platform.data.processing</groupId>
 <artifactId>batch-catalog-dataservice_${scala.compat.version}</artifactId>
 </dependency>
 <dependency>
 <groupId>org.apache.spark</groupId>
 <artifactId>spark-core_${scala.compat.version}</artifactId>
 </dependency>
 <dependency>
 <groupId>com.here.platform.pipeline</groupId>
 <artifactId>context-logging_${scala.compat.version}</artifactId>
 </dependency>
</dependencies>
<dependencies>
 <dependency>
 <groupId>com.here.platform.data.processing</groupId>
 <artifactId>batch-core-java_${scala.compat.version}</artifactId>
 </dependency>
 <dependency>
 <groupId>com.here.platform.data.processing</groupId>
 <artifactId>pipeline-runner-java_${scala.compat.version}</artifactId>
 </dependency>
 <dependency>
 <groupId>com.here.platform.data.processing</groupId>
 <artifactId>batch-catalog-dataservice_${scala.compat.version}</artifactId>
 </dependency>
 <dependency>
 <groupId>org.apache.spark</groupId>
 <artifactId>spark-core_${scala.compat.version}</artifactId>
 </dependency>
 <dependency>
 <groupId>com.here.platform.pipeline</groupId>
 <artifactId>context-logging_${scala.compat.version}</artifactId>
 </dependency>
</dependencies>
In the resources folder, create a file called application.conf and fill it with these contents:
here.platform.data-processing.driver {
 appName = "CopyCatalogScalaTutorial"
}
Configure the logger using the following contents for resources/log4j.properties:
# Root logger configuration
log4j.rootLogger=INFO, console
# Direct log messages to console
log4j.appender.console=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
log4j.appender.console.target=System.out
log4j.appender.console.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.console.layout.ConversionPattern=%d{yyyy/MM/dd HH:mm:ss.SSS} %-7p %c{1}: %m%n
# Hide Spark informative logging
log4j.logger.org.apache.spark=WARN
log4j.logger.org.spark_project=WARN
The code for a 1:1 compiler to copy the GeoJSON contents is as follows:
Scala
Java
/*
 * Copyright (c) 2018-2022 HERE Europe B.V.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 * _URL_
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
import com.here.platform.data.processing.blobstore.{Payload, Retriever}
import com.here.platform.data.processing.build.BuildInfo
import com.here.platform.data.processing.catalog.Catalog
import com.here.platform.data.processing.catalog.Layer
import com.here.platform.data.processing.compiler._
import com.here.platform.data.processing.driver.config.CompleteConfig
import com.here.platform.data.processing.driver.runner.pipeline.PipelineRunner
import com.here.platform.data.processing.driver.{
 DriverBuilder,
 DriverContext,
 DriverSetupWithBuilder
}
import com.here.platform.pipeline.logging.{ContextLogging, LogContext}
import com.here.platform.data.processing.spark.partitioner.Partitioner
object CopyCatalogScala extends PipelineRunner with DriverSetupWithBuilder {
 type Data = Array[Byte]
 // This identifier must match that of the command-line parameter for the input catalog, i.e.,
 // -Dpipeline.config.input-catalogs.src.... and -Dpipeline.job.catalog-versions.input-catalogs.src...
 val srcCatalogId = Catalog.Id("src")
 val geojsonLayerId = Layer.Id("geojson")
 class Compiler(retriever: Retriever)
 extends Direct1ToNCompiler[Data]
 with InputLayers
 with OutputLayers
 with ContextLogging {
 // The compiler only processes a single input geojson layer.
 override def inLayers: Map[Catalog.Id, Set[Layer.Id]] = Map(srcCatalogId -> Set(geojsonLayerId))
 // The compiler outputs to a single output geojson layer.
 override def outLayers: Set[Layer.Id] = Set(geojsonLayerId)
 // Directly maps a partition from the input catalog to the partition with the same layer ID and partition name in the output catalog.
 override def mappingFn(inKey: InKey): Iterable[OutKey] =
 Iterable(inKey.copy(catalog = outCatalogId))
 // Extracts the raw geojson input for a single partition, as a byte array. This will then be passed
 // to compileOutFn with the corresponding output key from mappingFn.
 override def compileInFn(in: (InKey, InMeta)): Data = {
 logger.info("compileInFn (" + in.key + "


text:
PSD schools with Dual Language Immersion programs
Harris teaches the PSD standards-driven curriculum in both English and Spanish. The school's goal is for every student to become fully bilingual and biliterate. The dual language instructional model at Harris has received state and national recognition. The school maintains a 50/50 ratio of native Spanishand English-speaking students.
The Irish Elementary program includes a 50/50 group of native English/Spanish speakers. The program's goal is to have students leave Irish bilingual, biliterate, and bi-cultural. Language of instruction for math, science, social studies, and social skills alternates between Spanish and English each week.
Boltz Middle School extends the Dual Language Immersion program for students that have an elementary dual language background. Students in the program receive core instruction in Spanish for their social studies class and a Spanish language arts class. Students in the program are part of a cohort group that progress through all three years at Boltz. The AP Spanish language and composition test serves as the capstone goal for eighth grade students and successful completion of that will ensure their Colorado State Seal of Biliteracy. This program begins with sixth grade only beginning in the fall of 2019.


text:
The Distance from Bard to Vassar is an essential one to plan our travel. It helps to calculate the travel time to reach Vassar and bus fare from Bard. Our travel distance is from google map.
Bard to Vassar route map is integrated with google map. The blue line between Bard to Vassar indicate your travel route. The given travel route can be changed by changing way points using drag and drop option.
Bard to Vassar driving direction guides for your travel along the route. It shows the direction whether you have to go straight, turn left, turn right. or slight turn. The different shape arrow symbol indicate the direction to reach Vassar. The given Bard to Vassar direction is split into separate laps and the serial number has been given along with narration and distance in mile or kilometer. It also shows the highway number. The balloon A indicate the starting point Bard and the balloon B indicate the destination Vassar.
Bard to Vassar travel time has been given at the top of the driving direction. The given travel time has been calculated based on the distance and speed of the vehicle which you travel. The given travel time between Bard and Vassar may vary based on the vehicle consistant speed.
You can use our weather forecast for Bard and Vassar which has been integrated with google weather. It shows the weather forecast for most of the major places or cities. We are planning to provide more travel information based on the availability for the following, Bard to Vassar bus timings, Bard to Vassar tramin timings, Bard to Vassar bus fare, Bard to Vassar bus route numbers etc.


text:
InfoMine is a state of the art facility that uses the latest technology to extract and refine raw materials. Kiruna was originally built around a mining community. It has remained a rich source for iron ore, Malmberget has been mined for over a century. The complete process from extracting raw material to producing refined iron takes place on-site. This allows for an educational experience that goes beyond understanding the extraction of metal from the ground. Guided tours of the locomotives and ore car workshops in Kiruna as well as multi-media tours are available during summer time.
For guided tours of the mining museum please contact Kiruna Lappland Tourist Office,
Lars Janssonsgatan 17,
SE-981 31 Kiruna, E-mail: _EMAIL_
Skylark rocket launch at Esrange
Esrange Space Centre
Esrange Space Centre is one of the world's most sophisticated space rocket bases located at Sweden's northern tip in Kiruna. It is a base for scientific research with high altitude balloons, investigation of the aurora borealis and sounding rocket launches. It acts as a ground station for civilian satellites, both telecom and scientific and it serves the international community for research, military development, and commercial use. It is located 200 km north of the Arctic Circle and surrounded by a vast wilderness. The local hotel Aurora has been used by tourists since December 2007, who want to spend time at the only rocket base allowing tourists to sleep in the hotels, which are normally meant for scientists and engineers.
For more information and enquiries please contact Swedish Space Corporation,
P.O. Box 4207,
SE-171 04 Solna,
Sweden, E-mail: _EMAIL_


Readers ask: Why Do We Lick Our Wounds?
Is it a good idea to lick your wounds?
Risks. Wound licking is beneficial but too much licking can be harmful. An Elizabethan collar may be used on pet animals to prevent them from biting an injury or excessively licking it, which can cause a lick granuloma. These lesions are often infected by pathogenic bacteria such as Staphylococcus intermedius.
What does licking your wounds mean?
to spend time getting back your strength or happiness after a defeat or bad experience: Farmers were licking their wounds after crop prices dropped by 50%. ( Definition of lick your wounds from the Cambridge Academic Content Dictionary © Cambridge University Press)
Does saliva help stop bleeding?
In addition, saliva contains several proteins which play a role in the different stages of wound healing. Saliva contains substantial amounts of tissue factor, which dramatically accelerates blood clotting.
Does saliva make wounds heal faster?
It is well known that oral wounds heal faster and with less scarring than skin wounds despite existing in an environment filled with all kinds of bacteria. We know animals treat their wounds by licking them with reasonably good results.
Why do dogs lick Human cuts?
It is an instinct. When your dog licks a wound, there are healing capacities in their saliva and it can also help cleanse the area. They are natural healers when it comes to grooming and cleaning. Your dog considers you as a part of their pack, because their pack is their family.
Does human saliva kill bacteria?
Saliva keeps the ecosystem of the mouth in balance. It contains its own bacterial enzymes that are beneficial to our health. An example of these are lysozomes. These antibacterial agents in saliva kill bacteria in our mouths and protect from potentially dangerous diseases.
You might be interested: What is wisdom tooth surgery like
Why do dogs lick you?
Does dog saliva heal human wounds?
To Lick Or Not To Lick Wounds Will saliva heal wounds? As unlikely as it sounds, scientific evidence suggests that dog saliva, and even human saliva, has some antibacterial and antimicrobial properties.
Does saliva have a lot of bacteria?
(CNN) — Your saliva is doing all kinds of useful things for you all the time — for instance, helping you chew and taste food. It's also home to more than 600 species of bacteria, which are harmlessly enjoying the moisture of your mouth.
Does kissing a wound make it better?
Inflammatory cells like, neutrophils and leukocytes which are crucial in infection and wound healing. Saliva also contains growth factors which promote the proliferation of epithelial cells. Saliva also contains histatin which encourages wound closure by boosting cell spread and migration.
Can saliva heal skin?
Despite continuous exposure to environmental pathogens, injured mucosa within the oral cavity heals faster and almost scar free compared with skin. Saliva is thought to be one of the main contributing factors. Saliva may possibly also stimulate skin wound healing.
Can saliva break down skin?
You might be interested: Readers ask: Why Was Iwdominate Banned?
Are dogs mouths cleaner than humans?
Is My Dog's Mouth Cleaner Than a Human Mouth? The general answer to this question is no, a dog's mouth is not technically clean, and is not actually any cleaner than a human mouth.
Is morning saliva good for skin?
Morning saliva to the rescue It is rich in healing, anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial properties and can help treat stye, pimples, acne, etc. According to anecdotes, the remedy has been used for over 2000 years in the country. Many medical professionals and scientists believe in the healing power of saliva.
Are dogs tongues antiseptic?
Dogs lick themselves to clean their fur because their tongue offers some antibacterial properties, though it's a myth that dogs have antiseptic tongues. Dog's mouths also contain harmful bacteria which live alongside the good bacteria.
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Find out when is the ideal time to run for CPL (NS) Muhammad Hafiz bin Ibrahim and other fun facts about him.
1. Who do you look up to in life?
My parents, who have made a lot of sacrifices for our family of five. My mum has prepared all our meals from the time we were schooling till now and my dad always shares good advice and his life experiences with us.
2. What does your training routine look like?
I train during my off-days. I start running before 8am as it gets hot once the sun is up.
3. What would you be doing when you are not training for sports?
I spend time with my family. We all love food so we usually go to some of our favourites places such as Arab Street to eat at a nasi padang joint.
4. How would you describe yourself?
I am a soft-spoken person but I will fight tirelessly for something that I truly believe in.
5. What are the key things that you pursue in life?
Self-awareness is important so I can realise my own strengths and weaknesses. Good health is also important as ill health affects your sleep and immune system.