text:
Your phone is there, always watching. It's your life companion, according to one manufacturer. So shouldn't it be able to tell your mood, too? Microsoft thinks so.
In a research paper, Microsoft said that by analyzing phone calls, texts, the browser history, and other common smartphone interactions, a new MoodScope service it developed could accurately predict the user's mood 93 percent of the time after a two-month period. This was after the phone was "trained" to sense the user's mood.
So what good is it? After all, you don't need your phone to tell you how you feel. Instead, the idea is that your phone's new "mood sensor" will tell others how you feel—social networks, your friends, even your mom.
Furthermore, that information could be passed along to services like Spotify, which could curate an emo-weighted playlist for when you're down in the dumps. Microsoft even created a "MoodScope social-sharing application" to share users moods to their Facebook Timelines.
Yes, this is for oversharers. Microsoft isn't proposing that all phones should sense your mood, automatically, but that it would be based with an app and tapped into via an API.
Somewhat ironically, researchers have never tested the technology with a Windows Phone; they used a combination of Android phones and iPhones for the study, using 32 participants from the United States and China.
"We foresee mood inference as a vital next step for application context-awareness," wrote Robert LiKamWa, Yunxin Liu, Nicholas D. Lane,and Lin Zhong, the co-authors of the study. All, except for Rice University's Zhong, worked for Microsoft Research. "Such inference would improve the utility of the smartphone and lower the social barrier for sharing mood."
How does it work?
Specifically, the researchers used SMS, email, phone call, application usage, web browsing, and location to determine mood, defined as a persistent emotional state, rather than flashes of one emotion or another. Microsoft naturally used both the phone and a cloud service to collaboratively produce its MoodScope responses.
What the researchers found is that determining mood wasn't easy; they first had to ask the users to record what their moods were every four hours, and use that to determine a general mood model.
Over time, however, the general mood model cut down the training time to about ten days, during which moods were sensed with 72 percent accuracy.
The paper does not draw any specific conclusions about how smartphone use is tied to mood, such as happy users frequently accessing their phones. But the paper does conclude that phone calls, certain categories of applications, and locations are often tied to a pleasurable mood.
As academic papers often do, the authors are conservative in their conclusions, noting avenues for further research—such as, for example, rises in frustration levels tied to heavy traffic.
MoodScope sound innocent enough. But also keep in mind that gauging emotional response is a key component of assessing the effectiveness of advertising. In 2012, Microsoft filed for this patent on using sensors to assess emotion—imagine that a Web page that knew you were sad might target you for an ad pushing comfort food, for example.
Yes, mood and emotion are two different things, as the paper points out. But there's always a tradeoff; on one hand, knowing your mood may provide better recommendations for music and other services. But they can also be used against you.
This story, "Microsoft's 'MoodScope' phone software senses your mood" was originally published by TechHive.


text:
The pyrrolo(1,4)benzodiazepine antitumor antibiotic, anthramycin, shares a number of toxicities with the widely used anticancer agent adriamycin. We investigated whether acute doses of anthramycin and the structurally related compounds, sibiromycin and tomaymycin, would depress P-450-dependent drug biotransformations as has been reported for adriamycin. Alterations in drug metabolism rates were determined in rats using 50 and 75% of the approximate 7-day LD50 determined in mice. 4 days post dosing ethylmorphine demethylase and aniline hydroxylase activities in liver 9000 g supernatant were depressed from 26 to 76%. Tomaymycin lowered drug metabolism in a dose-related manner, while sibiromycin produced the greatest amount of depression. Like adriamycin, the pyrrolo(l,4)benzo-diazepines possess the ability to depress hepatic drug metabolism and therefore may affect the disposition of compounds with which they are co-administered.
|Number of pages||6|
|State||Published - Sep 1983|
- aniline hydroxylase
- ethylmorphine n-demethylase
- hepatic drug metabolizing activity

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


a.datums: Returns first and last appearance datums
Description Usage Arguments Details Value Note Author(s) See Also Examples
Description
Returns the first and last appearance datums (FADs and LADs) for taxa in a stratigraphic column.
Usage
1
2
3
4
5
a.datums(x, depths = NULL, skip = 0, increasing.down = FALSE, ...)
fads(x, depths = NULL, skip = 0, increasing.down = FALSE, ...)
lads(x, depths = NULL, skip = 0, increasing.down = FALSE, ...)
Arguments
x
an object of class strat.column.
depths
depths from which to calculate the datums
skip
a number of depths (levels) to skip, returning NA instead of values for FAD or LAD; defaults to 0.
increasing.down
FALSE (default) returns FADs less than or equal to LADs, as is the case when depths are measured up from the bottom of, e.g. a stratigraphic section; TRUE reverses FADs and LADs, as is the case when depths are measured from the surface in wells or cores.
...
not currently used.
Details
If depths is provided, it will clobber x$depths, should x$depths exist.
Value
a.datums returns a data frame with columns fads and lads, each of which is a numeric vector giving the FAD or LAD of each taxon in the stratigraphic column. fads and lads return respectively just the fads and just the lads in a single named numeric vector.
Note
Currently no other notes.
Author(s)
Walton Green
See Also
plot.strat.column, stratigraph
Examples
1
2
3
data(mohawk)
fads(as.strat.column(mohawk))
# should make mohawk a strat.column without coercion
stratigraph documentation built on May 19, 2017, 10:45 p.m.
Search within the stratigraph package
Search all R packages, documentation and source code
Questions? Problems? Suggestions? Tweet to @rdrrHQ or email at _EMAIL_.
Please suggest features or report bugs in the GitHub issue tracker.
All documentation is copyright its authors; we didn't write any of that.


text: When grouped together, radiocarbon determinations from heat-retainer hearths from western New South Wales decrease in frequency with age. One interpretation for this pattern is that it reflects an increase in the frequency of occupation, and perhaps ultimately an increase in Aboriginal populations in this region during the late Holocene. An alternative explanation is that the increase in frequency reflects the differential preservation of the land surfaces on which the hearths are found. According to this explanation, the pre-servation of ancient surfaces itself decreases with time, with the destruction of ancient records of occupation accounting for the relatively recent skew in the age distribution of heat-retainer hearths. We test these hypotheses by comparing the distribution of hearth radiocarbon ages against the distribution of ages obtained from samples associated with buried human remains from western New South Wales. Samples obtained by excavating buried deposits should not be subject to the same range of erosion processes that have affected surface deposits. Therefore the samples from buried deposits are able to act as a control against which the distribution of hearth ages can be evaluated. Results indicate that age estimates obtained from human burials have a distribution different from those obtained from hearths, supporting the conclusion that the decrease in hearth frequency with age is a product of geomorphic preservation rather than cultural change.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
From Wikipedia (text authorized for use under creative commons):
Christmas Island is an island nature reserve, with an area of 63.49 ha, in south-eastern Australia. It is part of Tasmania's New Year Island Group which includes the much larger King Island, lying north-west of Tasmania in Bass Strait.
Breeding seabird and shorebird species include Little Penguin, Short-tailed Shearwater, Pacific Gull, Silver Gull, Sooty Oystercatcher, Pied Oystercatcher and Black-faced Cormorant. Reptiles include Tiger Snakes and lizards. A species of mouse is present.
Not to be confused with another Christmas Island, which does have a human population, and therefore some possibilities for genealogy:_URL_


text:
Eyelet arrow strips
Translation of russian original of Узор 741 ажурный
Number of stitches: multiple of 7.
Only RS rows are displayed.
In WS rows work all sts as you see them.
Horizontally repeat the sequence between vertical color links (start by 2 stitches before the right pink link and finish the row by 5 stitches after the left pink link).
Vertically repeat rows 1 to 6.
Symbols in the Chart:
K1 = Knit 1 stitch (videohelp), purl in WS
YO = Yarn over (videohelp), purl in WS
K2tog = Knit 2 sts together (videohelp), right slanting final stitch
SSK = slip, slip, knit slipped stitches tog. A decrease (videohelp), left slanting final stitch
3 stitches with right pull-over and middle-YO
Detailed instruction for this symbol:
1.The third stitch on the left needle pull over the first and second stitch.
2.Knit the first stitch
3.Make 1 stitch by yarn over
4.Knit the second (last from the 3 sts) stitch
I can not be responsible for possible mistakes in the original russian version


text:
Radiology Image Transfer
Leg Length Discrepancy
Leg Length Discrepancy
What is a leg length discrepancy?
Leg length discrepancy means one leg is longer than the other. Discrepancies as small as a few centimeters can set off a chain of events, causing your child to walk and stand differently, which can lead to hip, knee, and/or ankle problems, and can lead to functional scoliosis (a curve in the spine caused by an underlying condition). Leg length discrepancies can be congenital (from birth). They also can be caused by bone disease, bone tumors, the treatments used to eliminate bone tumors, injuries that don't heal properly, and a number of other causes.
There are generally two kinds of leg length discrepancies:
- Structural discrepancy. This occurs when a leg bone is shorter than its corresponding bone in the other leg. For example, the thigh bone (femur) or the shin bone (tibia) is sometimes shorter in one leg.
- Functional discrepancy. This occurs when a condition above the leg causes the discrepancy. For example, a hip dislocation can cause this kind of discrepancy.
What are the symptoms of a leg length discrepancy?
Because children's bodies respond differently to leg length discrepancies, symptoms can vary. Common symptoms include:
- Obvious differences in length. While a discrepancy is not always obvious, if you are aware of a discrepancy, consult a physician.
- Problems with posture or gait. This might include limping, rotating the leg while walking, or toe-walking.
- Pain. The pain may occur in the ankle, knee, hip, or back.
How is a leg length discrepancy treated?
There are some nonsurgical treatments, such as orthotics, but often surgery is necessary to correct the discrepancy. Because children are still growing, the goal of surgery is not to correct the leg lengths for the current height of your child but to ensure leg lengths will be equal when your child is finishing growing. Often, this means your orthopaedic surgeon will need to take a series of measures over the course of 1-2 years in order to accurately predict your child's future height.
Each type of surgery for leg length discrepancy has its advantages and disadvantages. Options include:
- Epiphysiodesis. In this surgery, a bony ridge is fastened to the growth plate of the longer leg, preventing the leg from growing more and allowing the shorter leg to catch up.
- Epiphyseal stapling. In this surgery, staples are inserted into the growth plate of the longer leg, which slows down its growth.
- Bone resection. In this surgery, a section of bone is removed from the longer leg in order to match the size of the shorter leg.
- Leg lengthening procedures. Procedures to lengthen the shorter leg provide a child with the ability to reach his or her maximum height, but they also are technically difficult procedures, involving extended and painful physical rehabilitation and sometimes involving complications, such as wound infections, dislocations of the hip or knee, and other problems.
The best surgery for your child will depend on many factors, such as the size of the discrepancy, whether your child is finished growing, and other factors. Your orthopaedic surgeon will work closely with your family to help you make the best decision for your child's unique needs.
About surgery for leg length discrepancies at Children's
The surgeries for leg discrepancies are performed by the accomplished pediatric orthopaedic surgery team at Children's. Orthopaedic surgery teams at Children's provide next-generation care to children from throughout the Upper Midwest and consistently perform some of the most cutting-edge surgical procedures available, including minimally invasive surgery, when appropriate. Leg discrepancy surgeries are performed at Children's – Minneapolis and Children's - St. Paul.
- If you are a family member and you'd like to make an appointment at our clinic locations in Minneapolis or St. Paul, please call Children's Orthopaedic Clinic main line at _PHONE_.
- If you are a health professional looking for a consultation or referral information, please call Children's Orthopaedic Clinic main line at _PHONE_.


text:
Respondus LockDown Browser
LockDown Browser is a custom browser that locks down the testing environment within quiz in CougarVIEW.
- Instructor Instructions for setting up Respondus LockDown Browser
- Student Instructions for Installing Respondus LockDown Browser
Respondus Monitor is an extra tool available with Respondus LockDown Browser that uses webcam and video to prevent cheating during online exams. These two tools can be use within CougarVIEW as an option instead of proctoring.
- Instructions on setting up Respondus Monitor
What is Respondus 4.0 Campus-Wide?
Respondus is a software tool that allows you to retrieve, create and publish exam, assessments, and surveys from CougarVIEW (Brightspace by D2L). Respondus will allow a user to upload questions from text files and other documents and can convert test banks into quizzes for easy upload into CougarVIEW.
Respondus Instructions and Training Resources
- Access and Search - Training resources from Hoonuit (formerly Atomic Learning)
- Respondus 4.0 Training - from Atomic Learning.
- Instructional Videos - from Respondus.com.
- Instructional Videos - Respondus instructional videos in YouTube created by Center of Online Learning (COOL).
- Rapid Rollout - Instructor Resources - from Respondus
Respondus Support and Face-to-Face Training
Center of Online learning offers the following training:
- 1-on-1 consultation upon is available request.
- Respondus is free software for faculty and staff and if you need software to be installed on your computer, please make a request through an eQuest to UITS.
Check out these training sessions on workshop page.
Known Issues Using Monitor
Although there is an option to allow students to use an iPad, some students have reported having trouble taking the exam using their iPad. We recommend not using an iPad. Additionally, Respondus LockDown Browser and Respondus Monitor are not compatible with chromebooks, android devices or phones

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Degus vs Gerbils – What Is The Difference?
Rodents, in the past, were considered pests, but nowadays, they are quickly becoming the leading choices for pets. Their popularity might be because of their small sizes that translate to minimal care needs.
Degus and gerbils are among the leading pet options. Though most people assume that these animals are the same because they both belong to the Rodentia order, several aspects differentiate them.
Below are guidelines on the elements that differentiate degus and gerbils.
Physical Differences
The degu generally resembles a domestic rat. It has small black eyes, and its ears are large. These ears have little fur, but their ear canals have slightly coarse and longer hairs. Degus have fingers on their rear and front feet.
The front paws have a nailed digit that helps the animals to hold food when eating or grazing. Their moderately long tails have small black brushes at the tips, whereas their coats are soft and short. This rodent has twenty teeth comprising six molar pairs, two premolar pairs, and two incisor pairs.
There exist over 85 wild gerbil species. Gerbils have large dark eyes that are less protruding and bulbous than other rodents. Though this gives them a somewhat sleepy look, they are alert and have excellent peripheral vision.
Gerbils have six lower cheek teeth and six upper teeth. Their short club-shaped tails are generally adapted to store fat. Most of these rodents have dense, soft fur, and their tails' sizes differ according to their species.
Size Differences
The most evident difference between degus and gerbils is their sizes. Degus are bigger than gerbils and will thus need more living space. They can grow up to thrice the size of gerbils. In general, degus are 5-7 inches long with average weights of 6-10 ounces.
On the other hand, gerbils grow to adult body lengths of approximately four inches with an extra four inches for their tails. Their weight ranges from 1.7-3.2 ounces.
Color Differences
Wild gerbils have sand-colored fur that makes them camouflage with their dry natural habitats. However, domestic gerbils come in several colors because of selective breeding.
These include black, white, cinnamon, and lilac, along with combinations of these colors. The fur on gerbils has tan, gray, reddish-brown, or brown upperparts and grayish to white underparts.
The thick, soft fur of a degu is yellowish-brown on its upperparts, while its underparts are creamy yellow. Degus are a natural light agouti color.
Since their introduction as pets, this color has evolved to include light grey, dark brown, blue, champagne, sandy brown, cream, and white patched degus.
Behavior Differences
In the wild, gerbils live in colonies. As such, they are very social animals and will not thrive as solitary animals.
It is best to keep two same-sex gerbils for them to remain healthy. Gerbils are generally friendly and will often only bite when threatened. They are mainly nocturnal animals.
It is easy to tame degus if you handle them from an early age. The rodents are instinctively social and will be healthier when kept in same-sex pairs. They are also curious and playful.
As such, degus will become neurotic and might fight you when you do not give them enough interaction and exercise. Like gerbils, they will rarely bite you unless they feel threatened. Degus are diurnal animals.
Diet Differences
The diets of gerbils will comprise specially formulated gerbil food that is generally a loose seed mixture. Sunflower seed mixtures are best used as treats in a gerbil's diet. The ideal feed should contain 4-7% fat and 10-12% protein.
For feeding, opt for a heavy ceramic bowl for your gerbil because this is harder to tip over than a lightweight bowl. Ensure the rodent has a constant supply of clean, non-chlorinated water from a water bottle.
Degus thrive on a diet that is low in carbohydrates and high in roughage. This informs the mixing of guinea pig pellets, a rodent block, and a chinchilla feed to make the perfect degu feed.
Nutrient-rich grass such as alfalfa or timothy hay and fresh water should be available in a degu's cage throughout. Peanuts and sunflower seeds make perfect choices for degu treats.
These rodents should not have any sweets in their diets because they are prone to diabetes.
Care Differences
A pair of gerbils will comfortably fit in a 12 x 24 x 24-inch cage. Since they are very active, getting a larger cage than this is ideal.
Glass aquariums are better than wire cages because they offer a deep bedding layer through which gerbils can burrow. Have lots of enrichment and climbing options in your gerbil's cage, as well as an exercise wheel to keep it active.
Two degus can comfortably fit in a 24 x 18 x 24-inch cage. Since these rodents are avid chewers, opt for a metal or wire cage rather than a plastic or wooden one.
To satisfy their chewing, include chew toys and woodblocks in the degus' cage. There should also be a dust bath in a shallow bowl so that the rodents can keep their coats in optimal condition.
Breeding Differences
The average gestation period for degus is three months, and they will get 3-10 pups per litter. Newborn degus are 14.6g on average and are quite developed.
The gestation period for gerbils is 24-26 days, after which they get 5-6 pups per litter. The pups are born deaf, blind, and hairless. They cannot survive without the mother until they are about six weeks.
Lifespan Differences
You can expect your gerbil to live for 2-4 years while a degu's average lifespan is 5-8 years.
Wrapping Up
Despite the above differences, both degus and gerbils will need quality healthcare. Get your pet to a vet immediately you bring it home and ensure its vaccinations are up-to-date.
This is because degus and gerbils can become infection carriers into your home when not properly vaccinated. Aim to imitate your pet's natural habitat as much as possible.
After all, even pets need some semblance of their natural habitats for them to feel at home and remain emotionally healthy.
Rodents - Updated: December 1, 2020
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Article4 min read
How important is it for employees to belong?
Adobe stock_130586800 photo
Hannah Price
Culture Amp, Writer
Everyone knows how it feels to not belong somewhere; at a party, at a restaurant, in a neighborhood. It makes you feel uncomfortable and insecure. It's certainly something you try to avoid.
Yet, belonging in the workplace isn't something we often discuss. Even though employees who don't feel like they belong are less engaged and less productive.
In this article we delve into why it's essential to foster a sense of belonging in today's workplace, and we have three steps on how to get started.
Don't have time to read this article right now?
Download 6 Ways to Foster Belonging in the Workplace
Note: For our purposes, belonging is defined as the feeling of security and support when there is a sense of acceptance, inclusion, and identity for a member of a certain group or place.
Belonging = Engagement
In life outside of work, it's quite easy to avoid situations in which you don't feel like you belong. You cultivate a life that doesn't include them.
If you find yourself at an event where you don't feel comfortable, you generally don't have to wait long until you can politely excuse yourself.
The same cannot be said for the workplace. If you don't feel comfortable at work, it's a lot harder to simply pick up and move on. It can take months of diligent applications and interviews to land another job, and the whole process takes energy and time; which a lot of people don't have.
All of this means that people get stuck in workplaces that don't work for them. For five days of every week, they diligently wake up to their alarm and commute to a place where they will spend most of their waking hours feeling uncomfortable and out-of-place.
Not only is this a terrible situation for the individual, it's not good for the company either.
In a 2018 survey, Culture Amp and Paradigm measured employee experience across seven factors of diversity, belonging, and inclusion. We found that belonging factors are most strongly and consistently correlated with employee engagement.
In fact, the one single metric that consistently and universally tied to a person's workplace commitment, motivation, and pride was a sense of belonging.
Regardless of an employee's gender, ethnicity, age or sexual orientation, they are more likely to be engaged if they feel like they belong. (If you're interested, here is the report for more information.)
Why belonging will only grow in importance
Perhaps unsurprisingly, the correlation between belonging and engagement was particularly high for historically underrepresented groups. This is something employers cannot ignore.
The workforce is becoming more diverse year on year. From our survey, we discovered that Straight White Men make up 46% of people exiting the workforce but only 34% of the people entering the workforce.
This growing diversity means there's potential for more unique perspectives, fresh ideas, and a hotbed for innovation. But none of that will happen if these underrepresented groups don't feel like they belong.
Only when people feel like they belong and they're psychologically safe will they freely share ideas and confidently speak out. Alternatively, if they don't feel these things, they're more likely to leave and take their ideas on to the next place.
Is it possible to foster a sense of belonging?
The reason why one person feels a sense of belonging at their workplace can differ from that of their colleague, depending on personal traits, if they're from an underrepresented group, and which group that is.
However, there is significant evidence (outside the workplace) that setting the scene for belonging can impact whether or not a person feels they belong, and even how successful they are. Thus, incorporating belonging should be part of any diversity and inclusion strategy.
3 ways to help people feel like they belong
After completing our research, survey and report, Culture Amp developed actionable tips for effectively fostering belonging in the workplace. In brief, these are:
 1. Survey. Ensure you are using employee surveys to discover your weaknesses and strengths. Tracking belonging and inclusion is a must.
 2. Social. Explore opportunities to encourage social bonds through team structures and group problem-solving.
 3. Trust. Encourage trusting relationships through structured employee programs and mentorships.
If you want more details on these tips and three bonus tips, check out our ebook on 6 ways to foster belonging. This ebook also delves deeper into the topic of belonging and the factors we've discussed in this article.
If companies want to build a robust and healthy business, they cannot afford to ignore the element of belonging. Not only does it affect employee wellness and happiness, it affects engagement, motivation, and retention. All of which impacts the bottom-line.
Start building a diverse workplace today
Get your free Diversity and Inclusion Starter Kit
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On 2D Inverse Problems/Electrical networks
< On 2D Inverse Problems(Redirected from User:Daviddaved/Electrical networks)
An electrical network can be defined as a weighted graph with boundary G(V, \partial G, E, \gamma),
\partial G\subset V.
The weight function defined on the edges of the graph is called conductivity. The Laplacian matrix of an electrical network is symmetric. It is often called Kirchhoff matrix. The boundary measurements for inverse problems can be expressed conveniently in terms of the matrix blocks.
The Dirichlet-to-Neumann map is a special type of Poincaré–Steklov operator. On a surface w/boundary it is the pseudo-differential operator from the Dirichlet boundary values (potential) to the Neumann boundary values (current) of the harmonic functions. It is well-defined because of uniqueness and existence of the solution of the Dirichlet problem.
Definition of the Dirichlet-to-Neumann operator for a domain
Exercise (*). Prove that the Dirichlet-to-Neumann map of an electrical network equals to the Schur complement of its Kirchhoff matrix.
\Lambda_G =
\begin{pmatrix}
 A & B \\
 B^T & C
\end{pmatrix}
/ (C) = A-BC^{-1}B^T.
The Laplace equation gives the direct connection between the hitting probability of the random walk started at the boundary and the value of a harmonic function at a vertex/point, see [10]. The connection follows from the sum of the geometric series identity applied to the blocks of the Kirchhoff matrix of the network/graph \Lambda_G= D_A(I-W_G) = A-B^T D_C \sum_k(I-D_C^{-1}C)^k B.
This is a special case of the convergent geometric Neumann series applied to the diagonally dominated matrix.
The effective conductivity b/w two nodes of an electrical network G equals to the ratio b/w the total current and the difference of potentials b/w the two nodes. The effective conductivities can be calculated in terms of the Schur complement of the Kirchhoff matrix of the network.
Exercise (*). Prove that the effective conductivities b/w all pairs of boundary nodes of a network G. determine the Dirichlet-to-Neumann map of G, and vice versa.
Exercise (***). Prove that the effective conductivities b/w all pairs of nodes of a network G determine the conductivities of the edges of the network G, and vice versa.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
I am working with a network object where the nodes are different events in molecular biology.
Specifically; Catalytic activity of X, RNA expression of X, GTP-bound activity of X, Kinase activity of X, Oxidoreductase activity of X, Phosphatase axtivity of X, Transcriptional activity of X, Phosphorylation at residue Y.
What is the difference between RNA expression and Transcriptional activity? And which is the one that an Affymetrix microarray is measuring? eg.; transcriptional activity of KLF2, transcriptional activity of ATF2 RNA expression of HSPA1A RNA, and expression of CYP1B1
share|improve this question
I'm not familiar with what you're doing, but off the top of my head I'd say that the RNA Expression might be referring to everything post-nucleus in that the Introns are missing. The Transcriptase would show more activity because it would still Transcribe both Introns and Exons. – MCM Feb 20 '13 at 12:55
1 Answer 1
In your case, RNA expression and transcriptional activity probably differ in the stage of processing. Transcriptional activity refers to the binding and processive activity of RNA polymerase. There are different ways to measure this experimentally, but with a microarray you are measuring the amount of actual transcripts relative to the control array.
RNA expression usually refers to the amount of mature transcripts but is often used interchangeably with transcriptional activity. The distinction is made at the sample extraction stage and whether or not the RNA was selectively recovered using poly-A selection or other methods that isolate mature transcripts.
What your microarray will measure depends on the probe library constructed on the array and whether you are applying total RNA or selective RNA. Probes matching mature transcripts report for RNA expression. Probes matching immature or nascent transcripts can be used to measure transcriptional activity.
Careful probe design is required to distinguish between the different levels of processing.
share|improve this answer
Your Answer


text:
Much in the same way as Direct3D 12, Vulkan binds most of its resources using descriptors. The way in which this is done is a bit different, however.
A descriptor like in Direct3D 12 is not a CPU-visible object. It is an opaque object that is completely hidden from the user. Updating an individual descriptor will require a descriptor set, a call to
vkUpdateDescriptorSets and specification of an index.
The largest difference in terms of resource descriptors is related to the method of updating: The descriptors in Direct3D 12 are bound to the root signature, and the root signature can be updated in-flight. However, any descriptor set update invalidates all command buffers currently using that descriptor set. This means descriptor sets in Vulkan are to be much more carefully constructed in Vulkan as binding a new set of textures in Vulkan will either require a new descriptor set, or dynamic indexing in the shader.


FAQs about the Cardiology Recertification Exam
Here are some common questions that we are asked about taking the Cardiology MOC Exam:
How much does the exam cost?
The cost of the exam is included in a candidate's 10-year MOC program fee. The fee covers one examination for every specialty area a candidate chooses to maintain. The 10-year fee is $1940 for internal medicine, $2060 for internal medicine with a focused practice in hospital medicine, and $2560 for any subspecialty.
How long does the exam last?
The exam lasts one day.
What is the format for the exam?
The exam consists of multiple choice with a single best answer. There are multiple editions, or forms, of the exam, each of which consists of a different set of questions. The questions primarily focus on patient scenarios, while some require interpretation of visual materials. The exam will likely mirror your day to practice as it is meant to be a clinically focused exam.
What does the exam cover?
The exam covers the following topics:
 - Arrhythmias: 13%
 - Congestive Heart Failure: 13%
 - Coronary Artery Disease: 12.5%
 - Acute Coronary Syndromes and Acute Myocardial Infarction: 12%
 - Valvular Disorders: 12%
 - Congenital Disorders: 5%
 - Pericardial Disease: 4%
 - Aorta and Peripheral Vascular Disease: 9%
 - Hypertension and Pulmonary: 7%
 - Physiology and Biochemistry: 6%
 - Pharmacology: 5%
 - Miscellaneous 1.5%
How is the exam scored?
The exam is pass-fail, based on the candidate's performance on the entirety of the test. Questions left unanswered are scored as incorrect, therefore candidates are encouraged to guess if they are unsure of the answer to a question.
How long will it take to receive my results?
Candidates will receive their results in the mail approximately three months after the last exam given in the candidate's testing area.
How should I prepare for the exam?
The American Board of Internal Medicine offers a preparation tutorial for the examination. There are many books on the market to help test takers prepare, such as the bestselling Cardiology Intensive Board Review guide from the Cleveland Clinic. The Cleveland Clinic also hosts an annual symposium each summer to help candidates prepare. You may also prepare by reviewing reference materials or completing a practice self-assessment independently. We suggest taking the Board Vitals Cardiology MOC question set at least once in timed mode.


text:
Deal, in Present-day English, may be one of a number of words. All are pronounced to rhyme with 'feel'.
- There is a very general term of quantity. It is indeterminate, or vague, in amount, but, like 'a lot', it is generally a considerable part. 'A deal of something' usually means a good amount, or 'a great deal'.
- The original sense was of 'a share' of something. Today, players of card games deal the cards, or deal out, to give each player a fair share of the cards being played. The overall distribution is 'a deal'; the player who distributes is the dealer..
- In its general sense ('an amount'), this word can be applied adverbially, with verbs to say that someone 'does something a great deal', or to intensify adverbs and adjectives.
- The most useful idea, perhaps, is that of the verb 'to deal' and its associated noun 'a deal'.
- The verb 'to deal' means 'to negotiate', 'to discuss in order to come to an understanding'; 'to make a [business] arrangement'. In the best sense, it refers to coming to a bargain that is of benefit to both sides; a good sense is "A transaction of an underhand or questionable nature; a private or secret arrangement in commerce or politics entered into by parties for their mutual benefit; a 'job'" (OED). This can be extended to dealing with business and professional matters: "Please contact XXX, who is dealing with this matter"; "Mrs YYY dealt with the marriage contract". This sometimes has the implication of'successfully', or 'to a completion'; sometimes it is neutral in its implication, 'was the person who took responsibility for'.
- 'A deal' is such an arrangement, with the implication that it is of benefit to both parties - perhaps especially to one who claims 'to have done a deal'.
- To deal in a commodity is to trade in it - to have dealings in it. So we find dealers in wood, or leather, or horses, etc. (The verb without any Object is informal, and therefore to be avoided in academic English: the implication is nearly always of criminal trade in illegal drugs.
- Dealers may deal with their customers and suppliers. In a slightly figurative sense, we can use deal with of some sort of work of art to mean 'takes as its subject': "Hamlet and Lear deal with the subject of madness". In a disciplinary sense, a teacher may deal with naughty children in school, and police may deal with rioters (often with implications of violence).
- To have a 'raw deal' is to'make a bad baragain', or to be treated harshly as a result of negotiati0ons; ; a'square deal' is a fair one.
- Deal is also a word in the timber trade. Here, the general meaning is 'plank of fir or pine, of certain sizes'. (The precise sizes change with context, and are different in America and Britain.)
- The New Deal is the name for the overall policy of President Franklin D. Roosevelt of the United States (in office _PHONE_) to deal with the effects of the Great Depression of the 1930s. (For an historical sketch, including further reading, see Wikipedia: [].)
You may also want to see deal (irregular verb)


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Multi-Select Parameters for Reporting Services
By Adriaan Davel,
After my colleague brought some performance issues to my attention, we thought further investigation was required. After discovering Multi-Select Parameters for SSRS reports, we set out to add this to as many reports as possible, as it really is a cool feature.
We always use stored procedures to extract data for reports as a development standard, which brings a complication to Multi Select Parameters. When more than one option is selected in the parameter drop down the values are concatenated into one string, delimited with a comma. If you are using "SELECT" statements in your report to extract data this works well, as you can simply use an "IN" statement in your "WHERE" clause as it will get concatenated into the correct format. If you use a stored procedure however the concatenated string will be considered a single value, and no records will be returned.
After some searching we found some sample code for a SQL function that takes the concatenated string and splits it into a table, allowing a "JOIN" statement onto the values in the concatenated string. This works very well from a coding perspective, but unfortunately has major performance penalties. We tested this method compared to using a direct "IN" statement and the difference was very big. The "IN" approach completed execution in just over 10 seconds, where the computed table executed over 6 minutes. A heads-up on the "IN" statement, string selections do not have the enclosing single quotation marks and you will need something like:
IN (''' + RTRIM(REPLACE(CONVERT(NVARCHAR(4000), @MultiSelectParameter), ',', ''',''')) + ''')...
I then tried inserting the computed table into a "#TEMP" table before joining it to the main table; this put us to about 3 minutes of execution. Much better but not good enough if compared to 10 seconds. This puts us back to where we started. (We worked off a single table, with a fairly large number of rows, if joins are already being used to other tables the impact of the computed table might be less prominent)
This leaves one more option: the controversial dynamic SQL code.
We tried to avoid using sp_executesql (or its various derivations) as far as possible, but in this situation it seems to be the best option. Two reasons why we feel that dynamics SQL statements are acceptable here are:
 - The interface to the stored procedure does not allow for SQL injection text as only selections from a defined list is allowed
 - Recompiling of the statement has a negligible impact on the system as the report is run infrequently
Apart from the technical reasons for allowing dynamic SQL statements, the overall duration improvement really makes this a good option.
One limitation on the dynamics SQL method to consider is the maximum length of your SQL string. In our case the user could choose from a small range of options, each two characters long. This allowed us to use NVARCHAR(4000) for the SQL string, if you could possibly have a large number of options, or possibly lengthy options you will have to revert to a NTEXT data type, making the dynamics SQL a lot more complex and impractical.
So what we have ended up with is a stored procedure that builds a dynamic SQL "SELECT" statement and executes it in the best performing way we can find!
Happiness!

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text:
Experiments on backward stimulated Raman scattering of an injection-locked XeF (351.1-nm) laser beam are presented. Because the XeF laser is inhomogeneously broadened, its output is composed of both a narrow-band component (50–60% of the energy) and an unlocked broadband component. It is found that the presence of forward Raman scattering from the broadband unlocked component of the XeF energy terminates the backward Raman scattering of the narrow- (~1-GHz) bandwidth-locked component of the radiation. The results are of a general nature and would apply to scattering from any inhomogeneously broadened injection-locked laser.
© 1984 Optical Society of America
Michael Slatkine and Irving J. Bigio, "Quenching of backward stimulated Raman scattering by broadband forward Raman radiation," Opt. Lett. 9, 294-296 (1984)


text:
Many window frames are made of wood. The most common problem with window frames is sticking caused by:
- Broken sash cords
New paint is a major cause of windows sticking. Sticking of freshly painted windows can be prevented by leaving the window slightly open while painting. As soon as the paint dries, slide the window up and down. Do not wait too long because paint hardens as it ages.
If the window has been painted shut for a while, it will be difficult to open. Use a putty knife to cut through the paint seal. Never pry the window open with a chisel or pry bar.
Even if you use a piece of wood to protect the sill, the window sash will be dented.
Windows that are badly stuck may have to be removed from the frame. The sliding part of the window (sash) is held in place by two strips of wood called stops. Carefully pry up the stops. Remember, you want to use these stops again. A little patience saves buying, cutting, fitting, and painting a new piece of wood. Don't drive the nails back out through the stop after the stop is off. Use pliers and pull the nails out through the back side of the stop. This will leave a neat little hole.
With the sash out, you may sand or scrape off the excess paint. When the weather is dry, cover any bare wood with a thin coat of paint or fast-drying sealer.
Paint protects wood frames. If moisture soaks the frame, the wood will swell. Never plane a frame that is swollen. Otherwise, when the wood dries, it will be too loose and will rattle in the wind. Instead, rub paraffin, soap, or a stick lubricant on the frame. Warped frames should be planed or sanded. If the wood is warped too much, it must be replaced.
If a sash cord breaks or the weight comes loose, the window will hang crooked, and the window won't stay up. To fix the cord, pry off the stops. Find the sash weight door and
Usually it is held in place by one or two screws. Reach inside and take out the weight. If the sash cord is still good, the weight probably came untied. Retie it and put everything back together.
If you need a new sash cord, make sure it's the same thickness as the old one or it won't run through the pulley. Feed the new cord through and tie one end to the sash and the other end to the weight. The sash cord will stretch, so leave some room under the weight so it won't hit bottom later and keep the window from opening all the way. Move the window up and down to see if you've tied the weight too high or too low. When you're sure everything works, put it back together again.
When you put the stops back, ignore the old nail holes. Tap the nails in a new place, but, to avoid hammer dents, stop before you hit the frame. Finish driving the nails with a nail set. Cover the nail heads and fill in the old holes with wood putty: After several days, when the putty is dry, touch up with paint.
As a building ages, it settles..Structural settling is another cause for windows jamming. If the windows are being twisted out of line, the entire frame must be removed and reset in the wall.
Wood frame windows are often replaced by aluminum ones. Other new frames are vinyl (plastic) over a wood core.
Casement windows open with a crank that needs a yearly greasing. Because these cranks rust, you will have to keep them clean and painted. Casement windows are usually easier to care for.than wooden frame windows.
Most older houses have wooden window frames. However, most new homes have plastic or aluminum frames.
Remove the window only as a last resort. Carefully remove the stops, then pull the nails out through the back of the stop with pliers.
Painting across the moving parts of a window is a major cause of sticking. Running a putty knife between the stop and the sash will help free the window.
Lubricate all moving surfaces on the window and frame with a hard piece of soap or paraffin to help them slide better.
To repair a sash cord, remove the door in the window frame, reach in, and take out the sash weight.
Tie a knot in one end of the sash cord and fit it into the sash groove. Tie a nail to the other end for weight and feed the cord over the pulley. Raise the window and reach into the opening. Pull out the new cord. Tie it to the sash weight.
Clean casement window cranks at least once a year. Grease the track and oil the crank handle and window hinges.


text:
The 3D Printing Cultural Museum opened earlier this week in Shanghai, China. Since opening festivities kicked off in the Wisdom Bay Industrial Park of Baoshan, Shanghai, the impressive cultural institute has already proved itself a force to be reckoned with. The building includes a permanent exhibition hall, themed exhibition hall, 3D printing materials library, 3D printing research centre, creative gallery, interactive exhibition hall, and image exhibition hall. And that's not even counting the Museum's highly anticipated 3D sky garden and children's activity centre.
Museum officials have stated that they hope the official opening will help spread 3D print culture, enrich public spirit and cultural life, and enhance Baoshan's cultural strength in playing a more active role in the development of China's 3D printing industry. Overall, the total of nine functional spaces housed in the Museum will serve as historical and cultural education and provide specialized cultural experience.
Hexagonal decorative elements are sprinkled throughout the museum in signs, closets, and a variety of other 3D printed items. The six-sided shape was chosen as a representation of the textile manufacturing industry, while alluding to a new type of manufacturing: the molecular structure of polymer synthesis, a basic 3D printed material.
Artistically, the 3D Printing Cultural Museum displays a vast collection of 3D printing technology from various fields of design and application. Metal works of art making use of selective laser melting (SLM) can be viewed alongside 3D printed nylon furniture, 3D printed ceramics, and dazzling 3D printed jewelry in all shapes and sizes.
At the same time, the Museum also seeks to play an educational role, housing a large centre for academic research and scientific research, and a special lecture hall. Additionally, the children's activity centre is located on the 4th floor, encouraging families to experience the sheer fun of learning to 3D print.
Julia. "China's First 3D Printing Cultural Museum Opens in Baoshan, Shanghai." 3ders.Org, 28 July 2017, _URL_


text:
Ohio House Bill 200, introduced by Rep. Ron Hood of Ashville with support of 35 House Republicans, imposes up to a $1 million fine and 10 years imprisonment if physicians fail to counsel women seeking abortion on a number of points, including that abortion increases the risk of breast cancer ("GOP proposal adds hurdles to abortion," Dispatch article, Friday). The results of many studies from the 1950s until the present time are mixed: Older studies show an increased risk, while more-recent studies show no increase or decreased risk of breast cancer related to abortion. These older studies were flawed, with the increased risk possibly due to factors other than abortion.
The strongest studies scientifically were ones in which a large group of women who didn't have breast cancer were followed with annual questionnaires asking them about their health habits and medical procedures, including abortion. Over time some of these women developed breast cancer while others didn't, and the results showed that there was no increase or possibly a decreased risk of breast cancer related to abortion.
Policymaking organizations such the American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology and the American Cancer Society have concluded that abortion does not increase breast-cancer risk.
Irrespective of how one feels about the right to life versus a woman's right to choose, the facts need to presented as accurately as possible based on thorough and thoughtful review of the medical literature.
- DR. CHARLES L. SHAPIRO
Director of Breast Medical Oncology and the Breast CancerResearch Program
Ohio State University'sWexner Medical Center


Having no friends could be as deadly as smoking
How To Know Whether She Is Aroused and ready...
September 21, 2016 Comments Off on Ever Wondered Why Dogs Run Behind Moving Vehicles? Views: 3161 Awareness, Featured
Ever Wondered Why Dogs Run Behind Moving Vehicles?
Lately, most malayalis have taken a stand for or against street dogs. Most of us who hate them are just scared of them. Its true that when they run behind vehicles there is a possibility of accidents. But efficient drivers can manage without having one. But have you ever wondered why dogs run behind moving vehicles?
You must have seen dogs guarding poor people who are sleeping on the streets. They are their ultimate companion and really loyal to them. If you are a dog lover you will know why dogs actually bark. It is a way they show that the person is not invited in their territory. Or to find out if the person is trustworthy.
Some reasons why a dog runs behind moving vehicles are this, the dog may either be feeling hungry or just bored! When a dog finds a vehicle that has urine of any other dog, which does not belong to its territory, it can infuriate this dog further, as it'll tend to not accept any other dog from the other territory. Dogs usually get excited very fast and are curious in nature. Since moving vehicles perk up these instincts, their urge to chase those vehicles increases suddenly, and they end up running behind these vehicles. It is believed that although some dogs do it due to their share of bad experience with a driver, there are a few out there who are just very excited all the time and do it simply to kill time!
Loneliness is another reason for a dogs anxiety issues. They are very social animals and deserved to be loved. Howling is one way a dog's generally expresses its loneliness. Apart from this, the other reason to bark is just an attempt to get human attention! Sound Sensitivity Dogs have extra-sensitive hearing and smelling capability. They can hear the sound that a general human cannot hear. So, if they find any sound or any smell, which is unlikely, they would react to it by barking. For Protection Since dogs are protective by nature, it is protective about its own territory. The dog barks to let others know that something is approaching; and by barking, it makes the predator aware of its presence.


text:
U.S. Department of Energy - Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy
Federal Energy Management Program
Laboratories for the 21st Century Best Practices Guides
Laboratories for the 21st Century (Labs21) best practices guides outline the design, construction, and operation of specific technologies that contribute to energy efficiency and sustainability. The guides cover actual laboratory implementations, highlighting quantifiable performance goals and methods.
Best management practices are available across the following topics:
Technical bulletins provide information on the design, construction, and operation of specific technologies that contribute to energy efficiency and sustainability in laboratories. Technical bulletins are similar to the best practices guides, but are more narrowly focused on specific implementations.


text:
The treasure in St. James Episcopal Church isn't just spiritual, but artistic as well, with works by America's greatest stained-glass artist.
Six Tiffany stained-glass windows installed at the Fordham church from 1889 to 1929 will be on display at an open house and tour from noon to 5 p.m. on Saturday, May 19. The open house is part of the New York Landmarks Conservancy Sacred Sites Program.
The church is at 2500 Jerome Ave. at E. 190th Street.
The six windows that span almost the entire career of Louis Comfort Tiffany's glass making include depictions of The Last Supper, Lilies and Apple Blossoms, Wheat and Vine – known as The True Vine, The Resurrection Morning – depicting Jesus, the Resurrection Angel, and Saint Augustine and his Mother Monica, said Reverend Tobias Haller, the vicar of St. James for the past 13 years.
There has not been an official open house featuring the Tiffany windows, or the church's royal Bavarian stained glass windows, in the past decade or more, Haller said.
However, the church did receive a good deal of attention when it was featured in a Tokyo TV documentary in 2010 on the work of Tiffany.
He made stained-glass art that pioneered the use of implanting the pigment of the color into the body of the glass – a technique that had not been used since the middle ages.
"We have one of the first Tiffany windows and you can see Tiffany's experimenting with different techniques," Haller said. "The oldest, a representation of DaVinci's Last Supper, is tentative and frankly, a little crude."
The Tiffany works that adorn the church range from more secular pastoral scenes, to the ecclesiastical work that Tiffany stained-glass windows are primarily known for, Haller said.
One of the windows has already been restored with help from a grant from the New York Landmarks Conservancy Sacred Sites Program, and the church's roof has also received restoration, Haller said.
In the coming years, the church hopes to restore most of the stained glass windows to their original splendor, removing plexiglas backs installed a half-century ago and other structural repairs, Haller said.
For more information on Saturday's open house, please call the church at _PHONE_. The church's website is saintjamesfordham.org.


text:
PILGRIM, TEXAS. Pilgrim is on Farm Road 1116 sixteen miles southwest of Gonzales in southern Gonzales County. The area was initially settled in the 1820s, and settlers were drawn to the site by extensive salt flats along nearby Salt Stream and Salt Creek. Another prominent local feature, Pilgrim Lake, was named for Thomas J. Pilgrim, who had been granted the land on which it lay. A post office called Salt Stream operated in the community from 1855 until 1857. The community was the hideout of John Wesley Hardin in the 1870s. Burnett School, named for a family of local settlers, was established in 1875. Salt Creek School was opened in 1878, and a black school, Lake Grove, was opened in 1883; all three were part of the Pilgrim Creek school district. The Pilgrim Lake post office opened in 1879, and in 1884 the community had an estimated 100 inhabitants, a Presbyterian church, a steam gristmill, and a cotton gin. The town's name was shortened to Pilgrim in 1900. A mercantile store was built in 1902, and its second story was used for Odd Fellows meetings. A tomato-canning operation was established in 1905. In 1914 Pilgrim had forty inhabitants and had added a general store and a hotel. By 1920 the population had fallen to twenty-five, where it remained for the next forty years. By 1940 the post office had closed, and Pilgrim had a single business, a church, a cemetery, and a number of scattered dwellings. In the 1960s the population rose to an estimated sixty. In 1992 the community had a church, a cemetery, and a community center, and the population was still estimated at sixty. That figure remained unchanged in 2000.
Gonzales County Historical Commission, History of Gonzales County (Dallas: Curtis, 1986).
The following, adapted from the Chicago Manual of Style, 15th edition, is the preferred citation for this article.Mark Odintz, "PILGRIM, TX," Handbook of Texas Online (_URL_ accessed May 22, 2013. Published by the Texas State Historical Association.


Risk-based Authentication
Risk-based Authentication (RBA) is a new security feature (available as a separate add-on for Hosted Login v2) that protects against fraud and the risks associated with account takeover attacks by forcing users to conduct a secondary authentication to prove their identity if risk signals indicate a threat.
 - An Introduction to Risk-based Authentication. An introduction to Risk-based Authentication and why you might find this new feature useful. Includes information about the new acr_values parameter and the acr amd amr claims.
 - Client Reputation. An RBA module that uses a sophisticated risk-analysis engine to compute a set of "risk scores" for each IP address that tries to access your site. These scores can be used to initiate "step-up" authentication for users deemed to be high-risk (i.e., more likely to engage in web attacks).


: Conduct Operational Management Reviews
There needs to be a process in place which details how the operational side of both the application and infrastructure is managed.
Phase 5.2: Conduct Periodic Health Checks
Monthly or quarterly health checks should be performed on both the application and infrastructure to ensure no new security risks have been introduced and that the level of security is still intact.
Phase 5.3: Ensure Change Verification
After every change has been approved and tested in the QA environment and deployed into the production environment, it is vital that the change is checked to ensure that the level of security has not been affected by the change. This should be integrated into the change management process.
A Typical SDLC Testing Workflow
The following figure shows a typical SDLC Testing Workflow.
Typical SDLC Testing Workflow.gif


text:
Field Data Collection and Analysis of Hyperconcentrations and Mud Flowsby Jeffrey B. Bradley, WEST Consultants, Inc., United States,
Document Type: Proceeding Paper
Part of: Sediment Transport Modeling
Abstract: Hyperconcentrated flows and mud flows exhibit properties quite dissimilar from Newtonian fluids. In order to further our understanding of such phenomena, field data have been collected both nationally and internationally in recent years. It is the purpose of this paper to describe field data collection and analysis that should be conducted to further our understanding of these type of flow phenomena. Rheological data can be input to numerical mud flow models which can be used to simulate mud flows and enhance prediction and hazard delineation. This paper is part of an ongoing investigation by the ASCE Task Committee on Laboratory and Field Sediment Data Accuracy and Availability.
Subject Headings: Fluid flow | Data collection | Field tests | Mud | Numerical models | Flow simulation | Water flow | Data analysis
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text: The objective of the Office of Naval Research (ONR) Rapid Overt Reconnaissance (ROR) program and the Airborne Littoral Reconnaissance Technologies (ALRT) project's LAMBS effort is to determine if electro-optical spectral discriminants exist that are useful for the detection of land mines in littoral regions. Statistically significant buried mine overburden and background signature data were collected over a wide spectral range (0.35 to 14??m) to identify robust spectral features that might serve as discriminants for new airborne sensor concepts. LAMBS has expanded previously collected databases to littoral areas - primarily dry and wet sandy soils - where tidal, surf, and wind conditions can severely modify spectral signatures. At AeroSense 2003, we reported completion of three buried mine collections at an inland bay, Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico beach sites.1 We now report LAMBS spectral database analyses results using metrics which characterize the detection performance of general types of spectral detection algorithms. These metrics include mean contrast, spectral signal-to-clutter, covariance, information content, and spectral matched filter analyses. Detection performance of the buried land mines was analyzed with regard to burial age, background type, and environmental conditions. These analyses considered features observed due to particle size differences, surface roughness, surface moisture, and compositional differences.


text:
Where Did the Term "Pink Slip" Originate?
Pink slip image via Shutterstock
The Short Answer: No one knows, but the search has been interesting.
The Long Answer: Getting a pink slip usually means you're fired. It's not something most people look forward to. Peter Liebhold, then, is an odd guy. He's been searching for a pink slip for years, and he's disappointed he keeps coming up empty.
Liebhold isn't looking to get canned. Rather, finding a pink slip is his job. He's a curator at the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of American History and Chair of the Division of Work and Industry.
The history of business culture is his business. The pink slip is a mystery he's been chasing for a long time. Almost everyone is familiar with the phrase, but no one seems to know where it originated, or if there's an actual pink slip out there to be had.
The usual line of reasoning is that the phrase was born when one or more companies started the practice of terminating employees by giving them notice on a piece of pink paper. The color was chosen so that the notice would stand out from the rest of the paperwork on the poor guy's desk and he wouldn't miss it. The catch, of course, is that Liebhold and other historians haven't been able to track down an actual slip, or find any companies that actually fired people like this. The most they had to go on for a while was the Oxford English Dictionary citing the phrase's first known appearance in a 1915 pulp novel about baseball.
The most promising lead Liebhold ever had, he told the Baltimore Sun, was the Ford Motor Company. While poring over an obscure history journal, he found a footnote that led him to another article in another journal that talked about the daily evaluations of Ford's assembly line workers. The workers, the article went, all had lockers or cubbies where they kept their things, and at the end of the day they would find a slip of paper from management there. A white paper meant the day's effort was acceptable. A pink slip, though, meant that they weren't wanted back in the morning.
Liebhold thought he'd finally found his elusive slip, but when he tracked down the source of the story, a California-based management consultant, he learned it was just an anecdote overheard in college. The consultant had been repeating it ever since. Neither the consultant, nor anyone at Ford who Liebhold talked to, had any evidence that the story was true.
Swing and a miss.
Liebhold's search hasn't been in vain, though. He's found a few other bits of workplace history during the hunt, like the first American filing cabinet and some red twill that secretaries used to use to bundle documents together — apparently, the inspiration for bureaucratic "red tape."


text:
A firm can vary all productive resources in the long run, but at least one resource is fixed in the short run. Linkages between inputs and outputs are formalized in production functions.
Production functions summarize relationships between combinations of inputs and the maximum outputs that each combination can produce.
Output = f(inputs) is an example of a production function, and is read as "output is a function f of inputs." The function f summarizes how current technology translates various combinations of inputs into specific amounts of output. In this context, technology encompasses current knowledge about production techniques, as well as such things as government regulations, weather, and the laws of physics and chemistry.
Production functions are commonly written q = f(K, L) where q equals output, K equals capital services, and L equals labor services used per production period. (For simplicity, land and entrepreneurship are ignored for now.) Suppose that production engineers indicate that 1,000 swimsuits can be sewn daily using 600 machine hours (75 sewing machines per 8-hour shift) and 800 labor hours (100 workers each 8-hour shift). The function f summarizes a production relationship of this type. Technological advances boosting productivity 50 percent would require switching from the f production function to, say, g. Now, q= g(K, L), and 600 machine hours plus 800 labor hours yield 1,500 swimsuits. Complete production functions identify output possibilities in the long run, when a firm can vary all resources. In the short run, however, at least one resource is fixed.


Fits and Tolerances-How to Design Stuff that Fits Together
Fits and Tolerances-How to Design Stuff that Fits Together
Download as a Worksheet
Fits and tolerances are a foundational mechanical design skill, but they're commonly misunderstood and misused. In this video, we explain how to apply correct and functional fits and tolerances using ASME B4.1 and Machinery's Handbook, so your parts fit together exactly as you intend, the first time, every time. No emergency filing required! Thanks to Tarrka Design!
STEP 1: Watch the video
Step 2: Answer the questions:
If you are in Mr. Hurd or Mr. Phan's class, you can answer these questions in schoology to hand them in electronically for full credit. Otherwise, answer the questions, and hand them in to your teacher using their preferred method.
 1. When you dimension a part on a drawing, the dimension you use to make the part is called the _____________ dimension. Fill in the blank and explain why we cannot manufacture a part to this dimension.
 2. Define the word tolerance as it relates to the manufacturing of parts.
 3. (0:50) Looking at the chart in the video at 0:50, which process provides a more accurate dimension? Electrical Discharge Machining or Milling? Give at least one reason why you think this to be true. (Hint: Look up wire EDM if you do not know what it is…)
 4. (1:03) What factors influence how accurate a machining process is? List at least three.
 5. (1:17) How come we don't just manufacture everything to within a tolerance of 0.001"? Explain…
 6. (1.29) Describe a Running fit and give an example in manufacturing when you might need this type of fit.
 7. (1:31) Describe a Clearance fit and give an example in manufacturing when you might need this type of fit.
 8. (1:33) Describe a Press fit and give an example in manufacturing when you might need this type of fit.
 9. (3:22) Describe the difference between an LC9 and an LC11 tolerance from the Machinery Handbook. What type of equipment is necessary to achieve these fits?
 10. (4:00) What type of tools are required to make an RC6 fit from the Machinery Handbook? Why?
 11. (4:31) Answer the following questions about a fit of RC3 and beyond from the Machinery Handbook:
 1. What type of tooling is needed?
 2. How much "play" will this fit have?
 12. (5:41) What is the difference between an RC6 and an LT3? Look at the graph at 5:41 to answer this question.
Thank You! Tarkka info below!
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5 Strange Sexual Traditions from Around the World
5 Strange Sexual Traditions from Around the World
Last update: 04 July, 2018
For thousands of years, sexuality has been the subject of curiosity, interest, fear, and enigma. There are many sexual traditions related to relationships and maturation.
Many of those sexual traditions have survived the erosive passage of time. Although it seems hard to believe, customs that Western culture's limited framework may consider strange – even unacceptable still exist today. We're talking about female and male circumcision, initiation rituals, sacrifices, and a wide variety of mystical acts.
A few of these sexual traditions attract attention due to their brutality. Others arouse curiosity because they contrast greatly with Western customs. All of them tell us about the symbolic world that accompanies human sexuality, and that it's markedly different from animal mating. Here are five examples.
indigenous tribe
1. The strange sexual traditions of the Sambia people
In Papua New Guinea, children must leave their mother's side at 7 years old. From then on, they have to live with the adult males of their community: the goal is for them to become "men". It's a sexual tradition that seeks to avoid contamination. It's also based on the idea that women are impure beings.
The children's passage to adulthood includes some rituals where they cut and pierce their skin. The objective is to remove any traces of contamination that have remained from contact with women. As if this weren't enough, they also have to drink the semen of the elders. According to their beliefs, this gives them more vigor and helps them grow.
2. The Mardudjara Aborigines
This Australian community has a strange initiation ritual for men. The first thing they do is circumcise the men with primitive methods. This circumcision is supposedly very painful. The young men even have to their eat their foreskins.
Once the wound has healed, they cut the penis vertically at the bottom. The blood that flows from this wound is thrown into a fire. It's believed that the new man is purified by this ritual. This is one of many sexual traditions associated with purification by pain.
3. Trobriand Islanders
In this remote New Guinea community, sexual relations take place from an early age. The girls begin at an age of between 6 and 8 years old and boys between 10 and 12 years old. The culture considers it acceptable for them to live together for short periods of time.
From a small age, the girls are instructed to adopt gestures and appearances designed to seduce the boys. They don't get married young. They see sexual relationships as a reality that doesn't imply any kind of commitment.
indigenous girls
4. The Saut D'eau Ritual
In Haiti, the general public still believes strongly in voodoo. One of the most traditional rituals takes place at the waterfalls of Saut D'eau. These are public celebrations, in full view of everyone.
Most people are naked in these festivities. Couples have sex in front of others and orgies also take place. In addition, it's normal for many of those present to be "possessed," according to their beliefs. This leads them to have severe seizures and roll around in the mud.
5. The Nepali Brotherhood
There's a great scarcity of land and resources in Nepal. It isn't easy for the region's inhabitants to form a family. They should be careful about bringing more mouths to the world to feed because there's not much land and food.
To solve this problem, it's customary for brothers to share a wife. All of them must marry the same woman. The purpose is that they can live together to be stronger in the face of the hostility of the environment. It's also to keep a male from being left without a wife while preventing him from having offspring.
Nepalese women
All cultures have given a specific value to sexuality. None of them see it as a purely biological act, but as a fact of life that transcends it all, something symbolic. However strange these sexual traditions may be, they all represent a way of understanding reality that has a meaning within its context. They're valuable proof that we're beings in search of meaning.
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ABSTRACT

Abstract—We investigate the use of biased sampling according to the density of the data set to speed up the operation of general data mining tasks, such as clustering and outlier detection in large multidimensional data sets. In density-biased sampling, the probability that a given point will be included in the sample depends on the local density of the data set. We propose a general technique for density-biased sampling that can factor in user requirements to sample for properties of interest and can be tuned for specific data mining tasks. This allows great flexibility and improved accuracy of the results over simple random sampling. We describe our approach in detail, we analytically evaluate it, and show how it can be optimized for approximate clustering and outlier detection. Finally, we present a thorough experimental evaluation of the proposed method, applying density-biased sampling on real and synthetic data sets, and employing clustering and outlier detection algorithms, thus highlighting the utility of our approach.

INDEX TERMS
Data mining, sampling, clustering, outlier detection.
CITATION
Stefan Berchtold, Dimitrios Gunopulos, Nick Koudas, George Kollios, "Efficient Biased Sampling for Approximate Clustering and Outlier Detection in Large Data Sets", IEEE Transactions on Knowledge & Data Engineering, vol. 15, no. , pp. _PHONE_, September/October 2003, doi:10.1109/TKDE.2003._PHONE_
90 ms
(Ver 3.3 (_PHONE_))


text:
SplitterContainer control with a fixed panel is resized due to the DPI setting, the
SplitterDistance value is not changed. This may result in the fixed panel appearing either too small or too large, depending on whether the DPI setting was increased or decreased.
For example, a Form with
AutoScaleMode set to
ScaleMode.DPI, and a
FixedPanel set to
SplitterDistance set to 140 appears as follows at it's native DPI (100%):
This is how it appears when run at a higher DPI (125%):
All the controls were resized, but
SplitterDistance was left unchanged at 140.
Note that this is only a problem when
SplitterContainer.FixedPanel is set to
Panel2. If it was set to
SplitterDistance would be adjusted to match the resizing.
The solution to adjust
SplitterDistance during the
Form.Shown event handler. The resizing does not work properly if performed in the constructor or the
Form.Load event handler.
Using the code
Include the following code snippet in your Form-derived class:
private SizeF scale = new SizeF(1.0f, 1.0f);
protected override void ScaleControl(SizeF factor, BoundsSpecified specified)
scale = new SizeF(scale.Width * factor.Width, scale.Height * factor.Height);
private void Fix(Control c)
foreach (Control child in c.Controls)
if (child is SplitContainer)
SplitContainer sp = (SplitContainer)child;
private void Fix(SplitContainer sp)
float sc = (sp.Orientation == Orientation.Vertical)? scale.Width : scale.Height;
if (sp.FixedPanel == FixedPanel.Panel1)
sp.SplitterDistance = (int)Math.Round((float)sp.SplitterDistance * sc);
else if (sp.FixedPanel == FixedPanel.Panel2)
int cs = (sp.Orientation == Orientation.Vertical)? sp.Panel2.ClientSize.Width :sp.Panel2.ClientSize.Height;
int newcs = (int)((float)cs * sc);
sp.SplitterDistance -= (newcs - cs);
Remember to call
Fix(this) from the Form's
Shown event handler. For Example:
private void Form1_Shown(object sender, EventArgs e)
Points of Interest
I am puzzled as to why the SplitterDistance values must be adjusted during the
event handler, and not during
Form.Load or the constructor. If anyone can explain this, please leave a comment.
- June 14, 2014 - First release.


text:
Manner is a noun. It means a way of doing something.
When used in the plural, manners often refers to etiquette or the prevailing customs, norms, or social conduct of a given culture.
Manor is also a noun. It refers to houses or land and can mean
Link to exercises on manner / manor.


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Bash
Check if a Linux bash shell script is run as root
The question - I want my bash shell script to be run only as root. If another user tries to run the script, the script should terminate. Is there a way to do that in a shell script? Bash has several environment variables that indicate which user is running the script: [root@server ~]# echo $USER [...]
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The Bash shell (bourne again shell) is a very powerful shell which is used by a large majority of Linux systems. It is available on all Linux distributions like CentOS, Debian and Ubuntu. The Bash shell can auto complete commands, users and hosts depending on how you use the command. For example, to complete file [...]
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Bash For and While Loops Examples
Bash (Bourne Again Shell) is a very popular shell for Linux based systems. It is the default shell on most web hosting servers because of its simplicity and eash of performing several shell tasks. Bash comes with an elaborate syntax of writing shell scripts, and one such functionality is its loops. A loop allows you [...]
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Linux: Random Number Generation in BASH
Question - I need pick random files from a directory of 10 files. How do I generate a random number between 0 and 9 (inclusive) in a BASH shell script on CentOS Linux? The shell BASH contains a random number generator called $RANDOM. The value of this variable is a random number between 0 and [...]
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Linux command to get IP address
Question - I need to find the IP address of my Linux machine. Is there a command that can do this on CentOS? The ifconfig command can be used to get all of the IP addresses of a Linux machine. The command can be used to get information about network adapters and their IP addresses. [...]
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BASH: Check if a directory or file exists
Question - I am running a Linux CentOS box. I need to write a bash shell script in which I have to check if a file or a directory exists and do something it it exists. Is there a BASH command that I can use to do this? There are bash in built commands that [...]
{ 0 comments }


text:
The interaction between dependent or connected risk and independent risk is interesting and will significantly change the overall probability of success or failure of an endeavour or organisation.
As discussed in my last post on 'The Flaw of Averages' using a single average value for an uncertainty is a recipe for disaster. But there is a difference between averaging, connecting and combining uncertainties (or risk).
Where risk events are connected, the ability to model and appreciate the effect of the risk events interacting with each other is difficult. In 'The Flaw of Averages' Sam Shaw uses the simile of wobbling a step ladder to determine the uncertainty of how safe the ladder is to climb. You can test the stability of one ladder by giving it a good 'wobble'. However, if you are trying to determine the stability of a plank between two stepladders doubling the information from wobbling just one is not a lot of help. Far more sophisticated modelling is needed and even then you cannot be certain the full set of potential interactions is correctly combined in the model. The more complex the interactions between uncertainties, the less accurate the predictive model.
However, when the risks or uncertainties are independent, combining the risks through the creation of a portfolio of uncertainties reduces the overall uncertainty quite dramatically.
The effect of portfolios
Consider a totally unbiased dice, any one throw can end up anywhere and every value between 1 & 6 has an equal probability of being achieved. The more throws, the more even the results for each possibility and consequently there is no possibility of determining the outcome!
The distribution after 10, 100 and 1000 throws.
As the number of throws increase, the early distortions apparent after 10 throws smooth out and after 1000 throws the probabilities are almost equal.
However, combine two dice and total the score results in a very different outcome. Whilst it is possible to throw any value between 2 & 12, the probability of achieving a number nearer the middle of the range is much higher than the probability of achieving a 2 or a 12. The potential range of outcomes starts to approximate a 'normal distribution curve' (or a bell curve). The reason for this is there is only one combination of numbers that will produce a 2 or a 12; there are significantly more combinations that can make 7.
The more dice you add to the 'throw', the closer the curve becomes to a 'normal distribution' (or bell curve), which is normally what you expect/get, which is the origin of the name!
The consequence of this phenomenon is to demonstrate that the creation of a portfolio of projects will have the effect of generating a normal distribution curve for the outcome of the overall portfolio, which makes the process of portfolio management a more certain undertaking than the management of the individual projects within the portfolio. The overall uncertainty is less than the individual uncertainties……
Each project carries its level of uncertainty and has a probability of succeeding off-set by a probability of failing (see Stakeholder Risk Tolerance) but as more projects are added the probability of the overall portfolio performing more or less as expected increases, provided each of the uncertainties are independent! This effect is known as the Central Limit Theorem.
One important effect of the Central Limit Theorem is the size if the contingency needed to achieve a desired level of safety for a portfolio of projects is much smaller than the sum of the contingencies needed to achieve the same level of 'safety' in each of the individual projects. Risk management is a project centric process; contingency management is better managed at the portfolio level. Not only is the overall uncertainty reduced, but the portfolio manager can offset losses in one project against gains in another.
Whist this theorem is statistically valuable, the nature of most organisations constrains the potential benefit. From a statistical perspective diversity is the key; this is why most conservative investment portfolios are diversified. However, project portfolios tend to be concentrated in the area of expertise of the organisation which removes some of the randomness needed for the Central Limit Theorem to have its full effect.
It is also important to remember that whilst creating a portfolio will reduce uncertainty, no portfolio can remove all uncertainty.
In addition to the residual risk of failure inherent in every project, there is always the possibility of a 'black swan' lurking in the future. Originally conceptualized by philosopher Karl Popper and refined by N. N. Taleb, a 'black swan' is a risk event that has never occurred before, if it did occur would have and extreme impact and is easy to explain after the event, but is culturally impossible to predict in advance (ie, the event could be foreseen if someone is asked to think about it but it is nearly impossible to think the thought for a compelling reason). For more on black swans see our blog post and White Paper.
The Law of Averages
The Central Limit Theorem is closely aligned to The Law of Averages. The Law of Averages states that if you repeatedly take the average of the same type of uncertain number the average of the samples will converge to a single result, the true average of the uncertain number. However, as the 'flaw of averages' has demonstrated, this does not mean you can replace every uncertainty with an average value and some uncertain numbers never converge.
Both the Law of Averages and Central Limit Theorem are useful concepts; they are the statistical equivalent of the adage "don't put all your eggs in one basket". When you create a portfolio of projects, the average probability of any one project succeeding or failing remains the same as if the project was excluded from the portfolio, but the risk of portfolio suffering an overall failure becomes less as the number of projects included in the portfolio increases.
However, unlike physical laws such as gravity, these laws are not immutable – drop an apple within the earths gravitational pull and it will fall; create a portfolio and there is always a low probability that the results will not conform to normal expectations!
Certainly the probability of a portfolio of projects 'failing' is lower then the average probability of each project failing but a reduced level of risk still leaves a residual level of risk.


- Children inspired by yoga
Volcano Pose
If your child is about 4 years old or younger, they will learn new movements by looking at and copying others. Therefore it is best to do Volcano pose with your child or toddler so they can see what to do.
Volcano pose will give your own shoulders and chest a wonderful stretch too.
How to do volcano pose
 1. Find a clear space and encourage your toddler or child to stand opposite you.
 2. Together, curl up really small on the floor, as a 'sleeping volcano'.
 3. Sleep for a few seconds "1, 2, 3…" (count out loud with your child)
 4. Then, suddenly, ERUPT! Come up onto your knees and spread your arms out wide!
 5. Move from one knee to the other or gently twist from side to side to as your volcano continues to shower it's lava everywhere!
The benefits of volcano pose
1. Strengthen arm, leg & core muscles
The movements of this pose promote whole-body strength.
2. Improve balance skills
As you get up quickly up from the floor in volcano pose, you will challenge your balance skills, through stimulating your body senses i.e. your proprioceptive and your vestibular sense. These balance reactions are important not only for sporting activities like football or dance but also for sitting in a good position to write. Children develop mature balance skills at about seven years of age. If your child is younger they will largely be using their sight to keep their balance. It is by moving around and quickly changing position that children progress their abilities so they need not have to rely on looking so much to keep their balance. Unfortunately our own sense of balance slowly deteriorates as we age. We can help to control this by doing activities such as Volcano pose.
3. Gently stretch chest, shoulder & arm muscles
Volcano pose will give you both an opportunity to stretch out your arm, shoulder and chest muscles, just like our growing flower pose last week. Remember this type of pose is great for your child after they have been sitting down for a while.
4. Let off steam!
The explosive movement of volcano pose allows your child to express their emotions. Hence this activity will make a great 'movement break' if your child is getting frustrated with a complex task or problem. Be careful though, do not do the pose too many times as then your child may then find it hard to calm down!
5. Develop imagination & creativity
As your child imagines what shape and colour their volcano will be, they will use their imagination & develop their creative skills. You might ask some questions to help fire their imagination further:
 1. What is the weather like at the top of your volcano today?
 2. Can you see the horizon from up there? What is the landscape around your volcano?
A more challenging volcano pose
If your child is older, guide them to start by squatting on the balls of their feet as a 'sleeping volcano'. Then quickly come up into standing to erupt!
Try to encourage your child to do this without putting their hands on the ground to further refine their balance skills.
Calming down after volcano pose
Volcano is an energising pose! Sometimes children can find it difficult to calm down after their volcano has 'erupted'. Help counteract this by suggesting that your volcano goes back to sleep.
 1. Show your child how to use their hands to push/stroke firmly downwards along their body & limbs as 'flowing lava'. This will provide a calming and regulating deep touch, stimulating their proprioceptive sense.
 2. Move slowly from a high, volcano pose back down into a curled-up, dormant volcano pose (similar to mouse pose).
 3. Suggest to your child that their dormant volcano is now being squashed under a heavy rock and encourage them to imagine this by squeezing themselves into a tight ball.
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text:
September 6, 2011
A normal linked list can be accessed only at its head. A double-ended queue, or deque (pronounced "deck"), can be accessed at either end. Like a normal list, a deque can be null. New elements can be added at either end, the element at either end of a non-null deque can be fetched, and the element at either end of a non-null deque can be deleted. Deques are a combination of stacks and queues.
Your task is to write a function library that implements deques; you should be sure that all operations are performed in constant time. When you are finished, you are welcome to read or run a suggested solution, or to post your own solution or discuss the exercise in the comments below.
Pages: 1 2


text:
Morocco increases water reserves
Morocco's dam reservoirs reached 69 percent capacity as of March 18, 2004, holding a total 10.2 billion cubic meters of water, up seven percent compared to the same month last year, reported MAP.
According to the secretariat of state in charge of water, the rise in reserves is due to the high level of rainfall recorded between September 1, 2003 and March 18, 2004.
In 2001, Morocco embarked on an initiative to construct nine new major dams and eight mid-size dams by 2004, in an effort to alleviate water shortages in the country. The agricultural sector in Morocco consumes about 80 percent of the available water in the Kingdom, estimated at 14 billion cubic meters. — (menareport.com)
© 2004 Mena Report (_URL_)


text:
The Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) recently released a new infographic that demonstrates how the country's medical schools and teaching hospitals work to improve patient care. The graphic can be downloaded and viewed here.
The graphic demonstrates how vital medical schools and teaching hospitals are to our country's health care system. For instance, the nation's nearly 400 major teaching hospitals train 80,000 residents in primary care and specialty areas each year. Nearly half of all external research funded by the National Institutes of Health is conducted at medical schools. And, AAMC teaching hospitals provide nearly 40 percent of hospital charity care.
UNC Health Care's status as a teaching hospital allows us to better train the next generation of doctors and better serve the patients we see each day. We are proud to be a part of a nationwide effort to improve care and better train medical students.


text:
Simplify Linear Scan Path Creation
When you create sequences to CNC scan just certain areas of large parts, one approach is to create a linear scan path for each area, which can result in a large number of steps. Starting with PolyWorks Metrology Suite 2018 IR9, you can scan all the different areas using a single scan path, and define segments where scanning is disabled that only serve to displace the machine. In this way, you can simplify sequence creation and maintenance by combining several steps into one, without sacrificing the measurement speed.
Step by step: To create a linear scan path containing segments where scanning is disabled:
- Make sure the desired CAD model is visible in the 3D Scene and the CNC CMM Scanner plug-in has been activated.
- Open the Scan dialog box.
- In the Parameters section, click the Create Path button. The Create Scan Path dialog box is displayed, and an interactive picking mode is launched.
- Set Type to Linear.
- Click on the CAD model to define a linear scan path. Clicking creates dark-blue segments that will be scanned and clicking while holding the CTRL key creates light-blue segments where scanning is deactivated.
Right-click to end the scan path and exit the interactive mode.


From the Super Mario Wiki
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Two Karakara, one folded up and one unfolded.
A Karakara is an enemy from Super Mario Land 2: 6 Golden Coins. These one-eyed umbrellas are found near the start and the end of the second level in the Pumpkin Zone. They will unfold and launch into the air, then float downwards while moving back and forth. A Karakara can be defeated by a jump or a fireball. They are based on the Karakasa or Kasa-Obake, a yōkai spirit from Japanese mythology.[1]
Names in other languages[edit]
Language Name Meaning
Japanese カラカラ[citation needed]
Based on the name of Karakasa.
 1. ^ The Mushroom Kingdom (Accessed on 6-1-08)