example:
npm install source-map
npm install optimist
cd ~
git clone git://github.com/mishoo/UglifyJS2.git
mkdir -p ~/bin
cd ~/bin
ln -s ~/UglifyJS2/bin/uglifyjs2
The command-line tool outputs the following on --help:
uglifyjs2 [options] input1.js [input2.js ...]
Maximum compression settings are on by default.
Use a single dash to read input from the standard input.
Options:
 --source-map Specify an output file where to generate source map
 --source-map-root The root of the original source to be included in the source map
 -p, --prefix Skip prefix for original filenames that appear in source maps
 -o, --output Output file (default STDOUT)
 --stats Display operations run time on STDERR
 -v, --verbose Verbose
 -b, --beautify Beautify output
 -m, --no-mangle Don't mangle names
 -c, --options Pass compressor options
I briefly described the command line options in the previous post; what's new since then is the -b (if you want to get beautified output), -m if you want to skip the mangling step and the -c to specify compressor options.
The following compressor options are available (I'm sorry, this list is a bit messy and it's possible at places that it does compression even when options are off):
sequences : join simple statements with the comma operator
properties : a["foo"] ==> a.foo
dead_code : drop unreachable code
drop_debugger : drop the debugger statement
unsafe : apply the "unsafe" transformations
conditionals : optimize if-s and conditionals
comparations : optimize comparations
evaluate : try to evaluate expressions
booleans : optimize booleans
loops : optimize loops
unused_func : drop unused functions (not from toplevel scope)
hoist_funs : hoist function declarations
hoist_vars : hoist var declarations
if_return : optimize if/return and if/continue
join_vars : join consecutive var statements
cascade : for now the sequence optimization, x = foo, x ==> x = foo
The argument of -c should be a comma-separated list of prop=value, where prop is an option from the list above and value is a JavaScript expression (note, it's evaluated! don't use the CLI with uncontrolled data). For now all options are booleans and they're all true by default.
There is no universally optimal way to compress all scripts, so you might want to disable some options and test if you get better file size after gzip. For example on jQuery hoist_vars and join_vars don't help too much; they do make the size smaller before gzip, but it's slightly bigger after gzip. I found the gzip-optimal way to compress jquery is like this:
uglifyjs2 -c hoist_vars=false,join_vars=false jquery-1.8.1.js > jq.js
If you want you can also generate a source map, for example:
uglifyjs2 jquery-1.8.1.js \
 -c hoist_vars=false,join_vars=false \
 --source-map jq.js.map \
 --source-map-root _URL_ \
 -o jquery-1.8.1.min.js
Thanks to "node-optimist" you can now pass arguments in any order (i.e. you can begin with the list of files to compress). UglifyJS2 supports multiple files in the command line, which is important for generating an useful source map.
Issues
(besides many missing features that v1 has)
Currently we lack support for directives (they're simply read as strings). I'll fix that shortly — done. Otherwise, please consider this code "bleeding edge"—I can't be sure it's as stable as version 1, until it will be in use by so many people.
The tests are still lagging behind :-(; the way I test the compression is, to me, more reassuring than a limited test suite; I'm compressing some 650K which is used in a big application; then load that application and start clicking around, and if it doesn't crash in a few minutes I declare myself happy.
Please use the Github issue tracker if you find any bugs!
Footnotes
1. On DynarchLIB, the most frequently used characters are, in this order: t, e, n, i, s. ;-)
5 comments. This is HOT!
Add your comment
# Dannii
2012-10-02 18:04
Great to see that it now counts character frequencies! :) Does that add much extra time? It's not too surprising that assigning the most frequent characters to the most referenced variables isn't as helpful. The most referenced vars are more likely to be in scope more of the time meaning that the character can't be reused. Consider that if your most referenced var is referenced 50 times then the char can be used 50 times, compared to the first parameter of 50 functions, each of which is only referenced twice (once in the parameters list and once in the function itself), which could be assigned the same character, resulting in it being used 100 times. If you already have reference counting code, could you try this? Reverse the list, and assign the characters to the least referenced variables first. Start with 't', and only move on to 'e' when you get to a variable that is in the same scope as another 't', and so on. The optimal compressor would solve some crazy graph colouring puzzle (_URL_ to assign characters to variables that aren't in the same scope, but the programming and processing time would be quite unoptimal. But perhaps the reference counting code you already have might give an improvement if the list is reversed.
# Dannii
2012-10-03 16:04
I should say that if you can push your attempt at sorting vars by reference count then I'll try these ideas myself. I'd like to try sorting by count/scope_height, where scope_height would be the greatest number of nested scopes within a function, so that a func with no children has a height of 1, its parent has a height of 2, and its grandparent a height of 3. I think this might provide a reasonable weighting to reference counts vs scope while being relatively processor light.
# Mishoo
2012-10-03 16:13
Indeed, good point that the most frequently used vars are in higher scope! So the code that sorts by frequency is there, you just need to pass -m sort. I'll try to take nesting into account too. In fact, the solution might be simpler than expected — I think I'd simply have to mangle "depth-first" (descend to most nested scopes first and start mangling from there). Will try that.
# Dannii
2012-10-03 16:49
Hey Mishoo, I've found the relevant code... because the link in the paragraph starting with "I also tried to sort names" is no longer relevant I thought you hadn't pushed it. I'll have a try, and if I have any success I'll send you a pull request. I'm impressed with your code btw! Do you happen to have test for gzip size comparisons already?
# Mishoo
2012-10-03 17:34
Nah, just using this quick'n'dirty script that compares jQuery compressed with first and current UglifyJS versions: echo v1 time uglifyjs -nc ~/tmp/jquery-1.8.1.js > /tmp/jq1 echo v2 time uglifyjs2 ~/tmp/jquery-1.8.1.js -c hoist_vars=false,join_vars=false -m > /tmp/jq2 gzip -9 -c /tmp/jq1 > /tmp/jq1.gz gzip -9 -c /tmp/jq2 > /tmp/jq2.gz ls -la /tmp/jq1* /tmp/jq2*
Welcome! (login)
Sep
17
2012
UglifyJS2: compression beats version 1
 - Published: 2012-09-17
 - Modified: 2012-09-18 23:27
 - By: Mishoo
 - Tags: uglifyjs, javascript, minification
 - Comments: 5 (add)


text:
Called the WestJet Flight Light, the airplane-shaped gadget (when viewed from above) is linked by Bluetooth to a nearby smartphone running a dedicated app.
When the travelling parent is about to leave on their flight home, they enter their flight number into that same app, thus indicating that they're on their way. The internet-connected application then tracks their flight in real time, relaying the data to the Flight Light. That device in turn projects a continuously-updated flight map onto the child's bedroom ceiling.
Parents can also use the app to send text messages to their kids while en route, with those messages appearing on the ceiling alongside the map. Once the flight reaches its destination, the plane on the map pulses accordingly.
When neither parent is travelling, the Flight Light doubles as a plain ol' night light. Additionally, its central cylindrical section can be removed and used like a flashlight that projects an airplane symbol onto walls, pets, or whatever it's pointed at.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
A HISTORY OF CRAWL STROKE TECHNIQUES TO THE 1960s: AN AUSTRALIAN PERSPECTIVE: SECTION IV
At the Olympic Games in 1932, Japanese men dominated the swimming events, winning five out of a possible six gold medals and gaining 11 out of a possible 18 places. The USA took four places.
Japan first entered swimmers at the Olympics in 1920, but none advanced beyond the semi-finals. At Paris in 1924 several Japanese qualified for finals, including Takaishi (fifth in 100 m and 1,500 m) and Saiti (sixth in back-stroke). In Amsterdam four years later Takaishi moved up to third place in the 100 m, Tsuruta won the gold medal for the 200 m breast-stroke, and the Japanese 4 x 200 m team finished second. Following this, a surge of confidence and optimism swept through Japanese swimming circles. The world's best swimmers, including Weissmuller and Borg, accepted invitations to compete in Japan practically every year in the 1920s and 1930s, and Japanese swimmers competed in international meets all over the world, just as once again they have since 1960. They were making every effort to learn.
Their training was well organized and for those days severe. During a period of three months of hard training a total of four or five miles was covered each day. This was done in two training sessions. Stretching and flexibility exercises were a feature of their preparation.
Progress was rapid under the centrally organized and enthusiastic Japanese National Swimming Association. By 1932, Japan's swimmers in all strokes were nearly unbeatable. Throughout the 1930s there was a great deal of discussion about the Japanese successes. The world wanted to know why. Naturally their techniques came under close observation. This is what Matsuzawa, the chief Japanese coach said after the Los Angeles Games:
"The 1932 victory of the Japanese was probably due to the better use of the American crawl and European racing strokes than the Americans or Europeans themselves. Added to this, the Japanese swimmers were imbued with the national spirit and if there be any one main difference it was this fact. But for the Japanese swimmers to adopt the foreign racing style in its entirety was disadvantageous. In the crawl and back-strokes Japanese swimmers endeavored to aid the pull of the arms by the very strong beating of the legs. They have flexible ankles which gives them a lot of propulsion from their kicks without much effort."
Although it was claimed by the Japanese coach that there was nothing new about the Japanese crawl technique, certainly by 1936 a distinct stroke had emerged. The famous Japanese swimmer Katsuo Takaishi, veteran of three Olympic Games and a great student of swimming, maintained that there was a gulf of difference between the Japanese style and either the American or the European styles when he wrote in 1936 for Ashi Sports Magazine.
The model the Japanese had studied most was John Weissmuller, and Miyazaki the sprint winner at Los Angeles, carried his arms around in the recovery with an arm sweep characteristic of the American. However, as we shall see, this feature soon disappeared from the Japanese crawl, then developing along its own lines.
The Japanese Crawl
The arm recovery became quickened and shortened, the hand entering only a short distance in front of the shoulder, followed by a long underwater glide forwards. The arm pull was made on a line under the shoulder parallel to the backbone with the elbow slightly bent. There was a'snap" finish to the arm drive by most Japanese, although the hands came out relatively short at the line of the hips.
Some Japanese swimmers also developed a marked "over-lapping" action of the arms, due to the very quick recovery. Both arms were clearly in the water at the same time, one finishing its drive whilst the other was pushing forwards and downwards. During the arm recovery and early arm drive a continuous, powerful leg beat drove the body forward over the leading hand. In contrast to the Americans the Japanese did not carry their heads and shoulders high in the water, although the body position was sloping, the knees were the lowest part of the body. With this stroke considerable body roll was introduced for the first time amongst modern champions. As the arms drove downwards, the shoulders in turn were allowed to follow.
The leg action was based on the low hip position. The knees were moderately bent during the kick -- very distinctly a downward and backward thrust with the feet. The feet did not come below the level of the knees so that the kick was relatively shallow.
The Japanese leg action was generally a continuous, "independent" six-beat without accent, like Kitamura's, the 1,500 m winner at Los Angeles. Kitamura's kick can best be described as a continuous 123-123-123, but it is very interesting to find that the 1,500 m winner Terada in 1936 was using a leg action with a resting phase. We shall have more to say later about this "resting phase" in the leg action.
Because of the generally small stature of the Japanese, with rounded shoulders and short legs with well developed calves, the stroke they evolved was probably with good reason, called a "masterpiece of adaptation." It is a style well suited to the body build of most Japanese, who are not tall and broad-shouldered like Weissmuller and Devitt, with their tapered bodies.
Takaishi in the book Swimming in Japan, published in 1935, wrote an article on the crawl-stroke explaining the Japanese line of thought, and what he said then is still worthy of careful study today. I believe it is an excellent analysis:
"There are a few who have the opinion that the pressing movement of the arm at the beginning of the stroke is of no use or can even be detrimental for increasing speed, but the writer believes that this very movement decides whether one is a good swimmer or not. A good swimmer must learn to press the water skillfully. It is better to let the arm into the water before it is completely extended. If one extends the arm fully before letting it into the water, the time for pressing will be too long. Both shoulders draw ellipses while swimming. One of them should be lifted when the other is dropped. Accordingly, the upper part of the body should roll to both sides, but the position of the body line does not change. This movement is called rolling the body and it has a very close relation with the crawl stroke. If one swims without rolling the body on the longitudinal axis he must swim in a very unnatural position, such as pushing the head above the surface of the water or floating the upper part of the body by sinking the legs deeply in order to breathe easily. If one tries to stroke without rolling the body the power required is produced only by the muscles of the arms and shoulders, but when the power of the rolling of the body is added to that of the arms the force will be greatly increased. But one must understand that there is a limit even for rolling, as too much will destroy the form or will slow down the stroke. Rolling of the body is necessary and the power produced by it greatly strengthens the stroke when it is combined with the arm movements. This strength is increased according to the degree of rolling, consequently it is natural that the more one rolls the body, the larger the arm movement becomes. The larger the movement, the slower the tempo of the stroke. The best method of speed swimming for a fixed distance is to swim with the largest and strongest stroke and with as high a tempo as possible. However it is difficult for a swimmer of limited power and strength to enlarge his stroke without dropping his tempo. Thus, we must consider the limit of rolling. In considering this it is important to decide whether the rolling suits a swimmer or not for on this decision rests whether he will succeed. This limit cannot be decided uniformly for every person. It is very difficult to find the limit of rolling which is most suitable for each individual. If one rolls the body too much he is compelled to let the arm stop while pressing on the water before it commences the catching movement. In short, the maximum of rolling is when the power gained by that rolling is all applied to the arm movement and each arm carries on its stroke without wasting time and energy. If the secret of speed swimming is to swim with the largest and strongest strokes and at the highest tempo, then the ideal would be for one with great strength to swim a certain distance with very strong strokes of the arms without rolling of the body because rolling drops the tempo. It is more understandable to call the pressing movement the supporting movement. One may think that this movement is done only by hand and wrist but in the crawl-stroke every part of the arm must press the water and even the shoulder helps this movement. It is the power of the finishing movement of the arms which actually increases the speed. Consequently the finishing movement should be done very quickly and strongly. While an arm is above the surface of the water it is of no use for increasing the speed. At this time the arm should be relaxed, and the only effort should be raising the elbow by using the muscles of the shoulder. The form of the arm recovery varies in each individual, but in general the best form is this -- lift up the elbow after an arm finishes the stroke movement and take it out of the water as if pulling the hand with the elbow. Carry it forward drawing a circle with the shoulder as the center and extend the arm forward and straighten the elbow when it is parallel with the body line. If one takes this method, the hand from the point of catching traces a parallel line with the central

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Lee Restrictors Keep the Electricity Flowing
During a recent refurbishment of the Allt na Lairige hydro-electric power station near Inverary in Scotland, the hydraulic control system was upgraded from the original low pressure system to a modern high pressure one. In-house designed multi-orifice restrictors were being used in the hydraulic actuators which operate the main water inlet valves, called spears, which are controlled by the governor to ensure that suitable control of the water jets to the turbines is ensured for all load conditions of the generator.
Due to the increase in system pressure and the variation in temperature throughout the year which was affecting the viscosity of the oil, it was determined that the restrictors were not providing sufficient restriction, which resulted in sporadic operating times of the spears. To compensate for this, adjustments had to be made to throttle the flow at the hydraulic power unit, since there were concerns about making the orifices smaller than 0.9mm diameter due to contamination.
Lee Products was able to solve the problem by providing high Lohm rate restrictors from their 250 series axial visco jet range. Visco jets contain many internal stages to provide a very small restriction to flow but still keep the internal passageway sizes large enough to resist blockage by contamination. Filter screens are fitted at each end of the visco jets to provide protection for the orifices. Another performance advantage of the visco jet is that by continually swirling the fluid to maintain turbulent flow, it compensates for the change in viscosity of the fluid due to any change in temperature. This was an important factor at the Allt na Lairige power station because the temperature of the hydraulic oil varies considerably during the year, such that the water valves were opening too slowly in winter with cold oil and too quickly in summer when the oil was hot.


text: Optimal path queries are queries to obtain an optimal path specified by a given criterion of optimality. There have been many studies to give efficient algorithms for classes of optimal path problem. In this paper, we propose a generic framework for optimal path queries. We offer a domain-specific language to describe optimal path queries, together with an algorithm to find an optimal path specified in our language. One of the most distinct features of our framework is the use of recursive functions to specify queries. Recursive functions reinforce expressiveness of our language so that we can describe many problems including known ones; thus, we need not learn existing results. Moreover, we can derive an efficient querying algorithm from the description of a query written in recursive functions. Our algorithm is a generalization of existing algorithms, and answers a query in O(n log n) time on a graph of O(n) size. We also explain our implementation of an optimal path querying system, and report some experimental results.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Entitlements System Features
Styra DAS for cloud-native Entitlements provides the following key features:
- Policy management lifecycle: Styra DAS provides policy lifecycle management capabilities, which include authoring policy, testing, deploying, and monitoring. It is explicitly designed to manage OPA and OPA policies throughout the entire lifecycle. Different policy authoring interfaces enable different personas to write policies and help others in the organization write policies.
- Data management: Data management relies on data that come from one or more systems of record that are often tier 0 (tier zero) services like Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) or Active Directory (AD). Synchronizing this data with Styra DAS is required to distribute the relevant data to the OPAs that need it through encrypted channels and keep those OPAs up to date as the systems of record change.
- Enterprise-grade governance: Often, Entitlements are the responsibility of multiple users throughout the organization. Examples of governance include ensuring proper controls over who can change policies when they can be deployed, what tests must pass, and what impact threshold must be met before release.
- API driven: Styra DAS is 100% API driven with Styra DAS Self-Hosted or Styra DAS SaaS offering. Styra DAS integrates with tools like Git, Prometheus, Kubernetes, S3, Datadog, and Slack.


What Is the Difference Between a Teacup Yorshire Terrier & a Toy Yorkshire Terrier?
by Sarah Whitman, Demand Media
 Yorkies differ in size, but only one breed remains.
 Yorkies differ in size, but only one breed remains.
 Yorkshire terriers are one of the smallest breeds around, with an average weight of 5 to 7 pounds and an average height of 6 to 7 inches. Although these tiny but brave terriers range in size, there is no technical breed difference between a toy Yorkie and a teacup Yorkie.
 Yorkie Breed Information
 Yorkshire terriers, affectionately known as "Yorkies," are classified as a toy breed by the American Kennel Club, and the breed standard is no more than 7 pounds. Although small, they exhibit typical terrier traits like bravery, determination, protectiveness and hunting skills. They thrive on regular interaction with their human families and do well with moderate exercise such as daily walks. Named after Yorkshire, their English city of origin, their history includes hunting down rats.
 Average Size
 The breed is one of the smallest around, whether or not they're referred to as a toy, teacup or any other nickname. Yorkies who weigh more than the average may be overweight or have other health problems that cause them to retain weight. Underweight Yorkies may be selectively bred, malnourished or have other health concerns that make them smaller than average.
 Teacup: Different Breed or Just a Tiny Yorkie?
 There is no breed-specific difference between a teacup Yorkie and a toy Yorkie. Although some Yorkie fans may give these little guys aliases like teacup, toy or micro, there is no breed distinction -- a teacup Yorkie is simply a label given to a small Yorkie. These Yorkies may be underweight due to selective breeding or health issues, or they may just be the smallest of their litter. Dogs this tiny are fragile and need special care to ensure they don't get hurt.
 Concerns with Tiny Yorkies
 Smaller-than-average Yorkies are prone to broken bones from falls, jumping off high furniture or rough play from children. Therefore, they're better suited in homes with older, responsible children and regular monitoring to prevent jumps and falls. Abnormally small Yorkies may also be more prone to common Yorkie health problems. These include sensitive digestive systems, poor tolerance to anesthesia and risk of knee injuries. Abnormal skull shape has also been seen in small Yorkies.
 About the Author
 Photo Credits
 - Siri Stafford/Lifesize/Getty Images


, and a segmental analysis method. Bland-Altman plots demonstrated that Kvert calculated using segmental analysis and double integration methods have a relatively small bias (0.93 kN⋅m–1) and 95% limits of agreement (–1.89 to 3.75 kN⋅m–1). In contrast, a greater bias was revealed between sacral marker cluster and segmental analysis (–2.32 kN⋅m–1), sacral marker cluster and double integration (–3.25 kN⋅m–1), and the law of falling bodies compared with all methods (17.26–20.52 kN⋅m–1). These findings suggest the segmental analysis and double integration methods can be used interchangeably for the calculation of Kvert during single-leg hopping. The authors propose the segmental analysis method to be considered the gold standard for the calculation of Kvert during single-leg, on-the-spot hopping.


text:
Have you tried planting calamansi ot citrus, have you tried checking its price in the market from January to December? Well, if you haven't, here is a video that will let you know some techniques and procedure of planting, raising, and flower inducing, so that if you will be convince to plant and produce calamansi, you'll going to harvest the fruit of your labor the soonest time possible. Like other vegetables and tree crops, calamansi is also known to be wealth producing tree. So try planting this tree if you're tired of planting vegetables.
Learn how to induce flower, and schedule your harvest during the high demand periods.


DRIPA 2014—what are the most noteworthy changes?
DRIPA 2014—what are the most noteworthy changes?
How far does the controversial new Data Retention and Investigatory Powers Act 2014 go? Graham Smith , partner at Bird & Bird LLP and expert in internet law considers the new provisions and changes to the existing law.
What is the context of DRIPA 2014 and what does it seek to achieve?
The immediate spur for the legislation was the decision of the EU Court of Justice (CJEU) decision on 8 April 2014 in the Digital Rights Ireland case (Digital Rights Ireland Ltd v Minister for Communications, Marine and Natural Resources C-293/12, [2014] All ER (D) 66 (Apr)), invalidating the EU Data Retention Directive 2006/24/EC (the Directive) on grounds of non-compliance with the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights and Liberties. The Directive was implemented in the UK by the Data Retention (EC Directive) Regulations 2009, SI 2009/859 (the Regulations). As secondary legislation under the European Communities Act 1972 those regulations were vulnerable to judicial review. The government decided to replace them with new primary legislation. It also took the opportunity to make amendments to RIPA 2000. It pushed both through Parliament as emergency legislation, going from first reading to Royal Assent in the space of four days. DRIPA 2014 is subject to a sunset clause, repealing it at the end of 2016.
How successful do you think DRIPA 2014 will be in achieving its aims?
The government has succeeded in obtaining new primary legislation. If the aim was to put an end to litigation challenges, that has not succeeded. Liberty has announced that MPs David Davis and Tom Watson will launch a judicial review challenging the data retention aspect of DRIPA 2014.
How effectively does DRIPA 2014 address the CJEU's specific grounds for invalidating the Directive?
The legislation does not purport to address fully every separate ground identified by the CJEU. Various documents issued by the government claim only to address the CJEU judgment 'where possible' and 'to the extent practicable', or to address 'elements' of the judgment. The impact assessment also acknowledges the 'risk of being perceived as ignoring the CJEU judgment'. To address every separate point in the CJEU judgment would have meant abandoning blanket mandatory data retention, which the government has stated that it will not do. There will no doubt be dispute about whether the objections listed in the CJEU judgment should be read to some extent cumulatively or as a list of self-standing separate objections, any one of which is sufficient to found non-compliance with the EU Charter.
Will there be any change in the current retention period requirements?
The fixed 12 months is replaced by a maximum 12 months. It is for the Secretary of State to consider necessity and proportionality and decide what periods of 12 months or less to specify in notices to operators.
What is the impact of DRIPA 2014 on the provisions in the RIPA 2000 dealing with interception warrants, interception capability and communications data access?
The supplemented definition of telecommunications services appears to be capable of being interpreted more broadly than the previous definition. It applies to RIPA 2000 generally. DRIPA 2014 also applies the supplemented RIPA 2000 definition to the data retention aspects, in substitution for the Communications Act 2003 definition previously used in the Regulations.
What impact will the provisions of DRIPA 2014 have on extra-territoriality under RIPA 2000 or other relevant legislation and how will this be applied in practice?
DRIPA 2014 makes three amendments—according to the government 'clarifications'—to the existing provisions concerning interception capability notices, interception warrants and communications data acquisition notices. These amendments are designed to ensure that non-UK providers are within the scope of these provisions.
The amendments state in terms that the notice or warrant may relate to conduct outside the UK. They state that the duty on a person to assist or comply with warrants or notices applies whether or not the person is in the UK. And, they provide three different schemes for serving warrants or notices within the UK on operators located outside the UK, graduated according to (presumably) the perceived intrusiveness of the warrant or notice. They also provide that, when considering under RIPA the reasonable practicability of a person outside the UK taking steps in a country outside the UK to give effect to a warrant, regard is to be had to any relevant requirements or restrictions under the law of that country and the extent to which it is reasonably practicable to give effect to the warrant without breaching them. DRIPA 2014 provides no specific mechanism for giving data retention notices (as opposed to interception capability notices, interception warrants and communications data acquisition notices) to operators located outside the UK.
Was the whole process sufficiently transparent?
The use of the emergency procedure was widely criticised, since the CJEU decision had been issued at the beginning of April and the circumstances that lent urgency to the RIPA 2000 amendments were opaque. The compressed timetable let to various supporting materials becoming available only at the last minute or during the expedited passage of the Bill.
Does DRIPA 2014 go further than just restating the law?
This is a contentious area. A number of UK academics certainly think that it does—see the open letter signed by 15 academics which describes the government's position that DRIP does not contain new powers as 'false' (_URL_
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HMICFRS reports
Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Constabulary and Fire and Rescue Services (HMICFRS) assesses and reports on the police and their work. Their independent reports are used to drive improvements in the delivery of services and to inform the public about the police and how they work.
Whenever the HMICFRS publish a report that is relevant to a police force, the Police and Crime Commissioner (PCC) has a duty to respond.
HMICFRS reports and the response from the PCC are listed below.
PEEL assessment by HMICFRS
The primary framework in which police forces are inspected is called PEEL: Police Effectiveness, Efficiency and Legitimacy. PEEL assessments look at the whole performance of a single police force.
As a result of the Integrated PEEL Assessment, forces are given a grade in each of these three areas.
The four grades are:
 1. Inadequate
 2. Requires improvement
 3. Good
 4. Outstanding.
2018/19 grades
How effectively does the force reduce crime and keep people safe?Good
How efficiently does the force operate and how sustainable are its services to the public?Outstanding
How legitimately does the force treat the public and its workforce?Good
The full assessment of Avon and Somerset Police can be found on the HMICFRS website.
Read the response from the Police and Crime Commissioner (PCC) to the Home Secretary on the 2018/19 HMICFRS inspection.
HMICFRS thematic inspections
HMICFRS will also carry out inspections to look at how police forces in England and Wales deal with particular issues (themes).
This is done by looking at multiple police forces and agencies to make sure they fully assess the processes and procedures in places and actions are taken to address the theme/s.
2020/21 reports
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The Special Age Calculator shows your age in seconds, minutes, hours, days, or planet years. It can search for both round decimal and binary numbers.
How to Use the Special Age Calculator
 1. Enter the date and time of your birth.
 2. Click Calculator Alternative Birthdays
Note: If you leave Day, Month, or Year field empty, the calculator will default to the current date; an empty Hour, Minute, or Second field defaults to 00.
Additional Options
 1. Use the Calculate menu to choose what kinds of alternative birthdays you wish to find:
 - Round decimal numbers finds even numbers, such as 1,000,000,000 seconds or 15,000 days since you were born.
 - Round binary numbers is the perfect option for computer nerds or math buffs. It looks for even numbers in the binary number system, such as _PHONE_ 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 seconds or 11 0000 0000 0000 days. These alternative birthdays do not correspond to an even number in the decimal number system: the above examples equal 1,073,741,824 seconds and 12,288 days.
 - Planet years searches for your birthdays based on the orbital period of the planets in our solar system (plus Pluto).
 2. The Frequency menu allows you to choose if you want to home in on the one big day when you are exactly, say, 1 billion seconds old (select Only very round numbers), or if you are in a hurry to celebrate your next alternative birthday and don't mind if the number is a little less round (select Slightly round numbers).
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
Does it take into account Daylight Saving Time and leap seconds?
No, while most of our services take into account all Daylight Saving Time (DST) changes and leap seconds, the Special Age Calculator does not.
How do binary numbers work?
While there are 10 different numerals in the decimal system we use in everyday life (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9), the binary number system is made up of only 2 (0 and 1).
How do planet years work?
A year on Earth is defined as the time it takes our planet to complete a full revolution around the Sun. This is called a tropical year and takes 365.24219 days on average.
The other planets in our solar system orbit the Sun on different paths. The closer a planet's orbit is to the Sun, the less time it takes to complete a full circle. This means that a year on Mercury, the first planet from the Sun, is much shorter than a year on Earth, while the outer planets take over 100 Earth years to complete an orbit.
If you choose Planet years in the Calculate menu, the Special Age Calculator lists the moments when the planets in our solar system (plus Pluto) reach the same positions on their orbit as on the day you were born, marking your birthdays on each planet.
What is a Julian year?
The Julian year is a simplified version of this time span. It amounts to 365.25 days.
Do I have to start from scratch every time?
You don't. Scroll down past the results to find a form entitled Change calculation and frequency where you can make changes to the current calculation. Click on Change date to select a different date or time of birth.
How can I find out how many seconds, hours, or days old I am right now?
You can use our Countdowns for that purpose. Simply enter your date and time of birth and click on Create Countdown.
How does your algorithm work? Can you help me program my own?
We are a small team with a very extensive website to manage, so, unfortunately, we do not have the capacity to share detailed information about our algorithms or provide programming help.
The General FAQ Page answers your questions about, our services, site-wide settings, customization options, advertising opportunities, and copyright policies.
Send Us an Email
Didn't find an answer? Get in touch with the support team


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How To Apply Acrylic Nail Tips
Pour your acrylic liquid into the dish.
How to apply acrylic nail tips. 41 Shape and prepare nail plate for acrylic application. Prepare the materials and tools. Dip your acrylic brush in the liquid.
Afterward gently pat down the bead onto the nail and brush it down to the very end of your tip. Quickly smoothen this first bead layer and spread it onto the third of your nail. After that the nails extensions are shaped buffed for a shiny finish.
Then apply glue evenly to the tip and place it on your natural nail so that the bottom edge of the acrylic tip lies halfway down your nail bed. 43 Modify application technique and products as required. The acrylic nails are created by mixing liquid monomer and a powder polymer which when combined form a hard protective layer that is sculpted over the natural nail.
Gel nail extension has the consistency of hair gel used to apply on top of a nail extension or apply it directly onto the natural nail. Place your acrylic nail tips right next to a bottle of glue and begin applying the same onto the acrylic nail tips. Leave the glue to dry for five seconds by holding the tip in place.
VIOLETILLY 48W LED Nail Lamp. Part 1 - cuticle down to start of adhered tip Part 2 - from adhered tip to half way down the tip Part 3 - the remainder of the tip to the free edge of the tip. Apply your first bead to Part 1 gently press it down with your brush and ease it towards your cuticles.
See tips below for precautions Paint the beds smooth using the liquid. Apply refill or repair acrylic nails. Beginner Guide for Applying Acrylic Nail Tips at Home 1.
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Home > Support > Knowledge Base > Knowledge Base Article
Example for creating a Device Cloud Task - Upload Python File
The following example shows how to create a task on Digi's Device Cloud to upload a Python file to a device connected to the Device Cloud.
Login to your Device Cloud account and select Device Manager > Schedules > New Schedule.
Close the pop-up.
Type in a description at the top of the screen for the task.
On the left menu select Upload Python files.
Browse to the file you wish to upload.
Uncheck the "Allow Offline" field.
Select "Save as" at the bottom and assign a name for the task.
Click Schedule.
You can now set the task to run immediately, schedule it to run at a different time or a re-occurring schedule. You can also search for and select the devices or groups to run the task against.
Once configured, click Run Now or click Cancel if you do not wish to run the task.
Note: By using the Control-key and clicking the desired gateway in the list, you can select multiple devices.
Additionally, tasks can be run against devices in the Device Management > Devices screen by highlighting the desired device(s) and right-clicking. Select More > Tasks > select desired task.
Task status can be monitored under the Device Management > Operations screen.
Contact a Digi expert and get started today! CONTACT US
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Grant curse no longer weighing on Giants
Grant curse no longer weighing on Giants
That's one nail in the plague.
And one for the plaque.
If the San Francisco Giants knew it would be this easy, they would have allowed Eddie Grant back on the wall a long time ago. With Wednesday night's Game 1 victory over Texas, they have taken the first step toward perhaps their first World Series triumph since 1954.
What of such significance could possibly have come between the Giants of '54 and today? Besides a continental shift of 2,600 miles, that is?
A plaque dedicated to Grant, an unlikely turn-of-the-century ballplayer and World War I hero, and prominently mounted on the center-field wall of the Polo Grounds went missing. This was no pea-sized homage, but a five-foot rectangular memorial clearly visible in that famous clip of Willie Mays' over-the-shoulder grab in the '54 Classic.
Grant was killed on Oct. 5, 1918, in the Battle of Argonne in France. The New York Giants unveiled their tribute between games of a Memorial Day doubleheader in 1921.
With that plaque looking over them, the Giants won the 1921 World Series, then three more before venturing West. In 1958, the franchise moved to San Francisco, lock, stock and barrel -- but no Grant plaque, which did not survive the fans' on-field invasion following the Polo Grounds farewell game of Sept. 29, 1957.
The mysterious disappearance of the plaque isn't what angered the baseball muses. But did they subsequently punish the Giants for their disinterest in locating the missing original plaque, or in authorizing a replacement?
Baseball historians think so. As do authors Mickey Bradley and Dan Gordon, who explore the phenomenon in a pair of books, "Field of Screams: Haunted Tales from the Baseball Diamond, the Locker Room and Beyond" and "Haunted Baseball: Ghosts, Curses, Legends & Eerie Events."
Through the San Francisco years, the Giants were frequently approached by various groups about installing a makeup memorial, but were repeatedly rejected by an ownership that considered Grant part of the New York Giants' past. The last such spurned overture was made by the Great War Society in December 2001.
Ten months later, the Giants lost another World Series, to the Angels.
On Memorial Day 2006, Giants ownership finally gave in and mounted a replica plaque to Grant at AT&T Park, a club official at the time telling the author Bradley, "Baseball fans are so superstitious, and players are too, so you have to take this stuff seriously. And if by putting up a plaque we can break some sort of curse, who's to say it's not the right thing to do?"
We're about to find out, across the next 10 days.
The Polo Grounds original plaque read:
PHILADELPHIA NATIONALS _PHONE_-1910
CINCINNATI REDS _PHONE_
NEW YORK GIANTS _PHONE_
The replica is a faithful reproduction mounted near AT&T Park's Lefty O'Doul entrance. O'Doul was a career.349 hitter who won a pair of National League batting titles -- he nearly hit.400 in 1929, when he finished at.398. Meaning, he and Grant had nothing in common.
Grant may have been baseball's first renaissance man. He was Harvard-educated and grammatically-correct, known to get on teammates' nerves by yelling on pop flies, "I have it," rather than the traditional but ungrammatical, "I got it."
As a ballplayer, Grant was an accessory. In a 10-year career, he never hit higher than.277, had good speed but only moderate extra-base pop. He had his greatest success early in his career with the Athletics and was really only a blip on the Giants' radar, playing 202 games for them in three seasons.
But he wore the hero's mantle well. He volunteered for the military in 1917, at 34 being well beyond draft age, and distinguished himself as a brave battlefield leader before falling.
So the N.Y. Giants were honoring the man, not the ballplayer, with that plaque. After many decades, the Giants recognized that Eddie Grant towered above the limitations of being "part of New York Giants history," and they did right.
Whether it serves them right, we'll soon know.


Monday, September 25, 2023
HomeHow to Revitalize Your Hyde: Recharge and Refresh Your Life
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How to Revitalize Your Hyde: Recharge and Refresh Your Life
To recharge a hyde, connect it to a charging cable and plug it into a power source. If you want to keep your hyde ready to use, you need to charge it from time to time.
The process is straightforward; however, it's critical to ensure the hyde is charging correctly. In this article, we will guide you through the steps of recharging a hyde, so you can enjoy it anytime, anywhere. Whether you are new to using a hyde or have experience, you will find helpful tips and information to get the most out of your device.
Additionally, we'll discuss how long it takes to fully charge a hyde, what to do if it's not charging, and how to know when it's time to recharge. Keep reading to learn more!
How to Revitalize Your Hyde: Recharge and Refresh Your Life
Credit: issuu.com
Understanding Your Energy Levels: Exploring The Importance Of Mental And Physical Energy
Understanding your energy levels: exploring the importance of mental and physical energy
In this fast-paced world, we all have a long list of tasks that demand our attention. As a result, we often find ourselves feeling drained and unproductive. However, understanding and managing your energy levels can help you become more productive and efficient in achieving your goals.
In this section, we will explore the importance of mental and physical energy, its link to productivity, and ways to assess your current energy levels.
The Link Between Energy And Productivity
Energy is the fuel that drives our bodies and minds. Mental and physical energy are interconnected, and one affects the other. When we feel good physically, we tend to feel good mentally, and vice versa. The amount of energy we have can also impact our level of productivity.
Here are some ways energy levels are linked to productivity:
 - Higher energy levels can lead to better concentration and focus, allowing us to complete tasks more efficiently.
 - Being well-rested and refreshed can improve our creativity, leading to innovative ideas and solutions.
 - High energy levels can increase our motivation, encourage us to take on challenging tasks, and help us feel accomplished at the end of the day.
The Effects Of Neglecting Energy
Neglecting your energy levels can have adverse effects on your productivity, physical health, and mental well-being. Here are some ways that neglecting energy can impact you:
 - Physical exhaustion and fatigue can make it challenging to focus and complete tasks, leading to decreased productivity.
 - Chronic neglect of energy can lead to burnout or even serious health issues such as heart disease, obesity, and diabetes.
 - Mental exhaustion can result in poor decision-making skills and decreased creativity.
Ways To Assess Your Current Energy Levels
Assessing your energy levels is an essential step in managing your productivity. Here are some ways to assess your current energy levels:
 - Evaluate how you feel throughout the day. Try to identify times when your energy levels are high, low, or erratic.
 - Use a fitbit or any other device that can monitor physical activity and sleep quality. Such devices can provide insight into how much rest you are getting and how it affects your energy levels.
 - Keep a journal and track your mood, energy levels, and productivity. Over time, you will notice patterns that can help you adjust your schedule and habits for maximum productivity.
Understanding the importance of mental and physical energy, the connection between energy and productivity, and evaluating the current energy levels can significantly impact productivity positively, improve physical health, and enhance mental well-being. Taking care of yourself by managing your energy levels can lead you to achieve success both personally and professionally.
Managing Your Mental Energy: Uncovering The Impact Of Thoughts And Emotions
Managing your mental energy: uncovering the impact of thoughts and emotions
When it comes to recharging yourself, it's not just physical energy that matters, but mental energy as well. The way we think and feel has a significant impact on our mental energy levels. Negative thoughts and emotions can drain us, while positive ones have the opposite effect.
In this section, we'll explore how to manage our mental energy by uncovering the impact of thoughts and emotions.
The Power Of Positive Thinking
Positive thinking has been proven to boost mental energy and improve overall wellbeing. Here are some key points to keep in mind:
 - Focus on what you can control: It's easy to get caught up in worries about things we cannot change. Instead, focus on taking action on the things you can control.
 - Practice gratitude: Make it a habit to reflect on things you're grateful for, no matter how small they may seem. This can boost your mood and help you stay positive.
 - Visualize success: Envisioning a positive outcome can help you feel more confident and motivated. Visualize yourself succeeding in your goals to build mental resilience.
Techniques To Improve Mental Resilience
Mental resilience is crucial for managing your mental energy and staying motivated. Here are some effective techniques to build mental resilience:
 - Accept failure: Failure is a part of any learning process. Embrace it as an opportunity to learn and grow, rather than giving up.
 - Cultivate realistic optimism: Chasing impossibly high goals can lead to frustration and burnout. Set realistic expectations for yourself and approach challenges with optimism.
 - Connect with others: Social support plays a crucial role in building mental resilience. Surround yourself with positive people who lift you up and help you stay motivated.
Mindfulness Exercises For Improved Clarity
Mindfulness exercises can help you improve mental clarity and focus. Here are some techniques to try:
 - Deep breathing: Close your eyes and take slow, deep breaths. This can help you relax and clear your mind.
 - Body scan: Start at the top of your head and slowly scan down your body, focusing on each individual body part. This can help you become more aware of your body and reduce stress.
 - Loving-kindness meditation: Visualize yourself sending loving kindness to yourself and others. This can help cultivate a sense of compassion and reduce negative thoughts and emotions.
By incorporating these techniques into your daily routine, you'll be able to manage your mental energy more effectively and feel more motivated and focused. Remember to cultivate positivity, build mental resilience, and practice mindfulness to achieve optimal results.
Reinvigorating Your Physical Energy: Exploring The Connections Between Nutrition, Exercise, And Health
Reinvigorating your physical energy: exploring the connections between nutrition, exercise, and health
Sometimes, we all feel like our energy levels are running low, and we're in desperate need of a recharge. When this happens, it's important to focus on the link between nutrition, exercise, and health. We'll explore the benefits of a balanced diet, the advantages of regular exercise, and guidelines for establishing an active lifestyle.
The Importance Of A Balanced Diet
A balanced diet is crucial when it comes to maintaining a healthy and energetic lifestyle. Here are the key points related to this topic:
 - A balanced diet should consist of a variety of nutrients, including protein, carbohydrates, healthy fats, vitamins, and minerals.
 - Eating whole foods, like fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, can give you more energy than heavily processed or packaged foods.
 - Avoiding sugary or caffeinated drinks, like soda or energy drinks, can help you maintain stable energy levels throughout the day.
Benefits Of Regular Exercise
Regular exercise is essential for one's physical and mental health. Here's what you need to know:
 - Exercise can help reduce stress levels and improve mood.
 - It can also enhance cardiovascular health, bone density, and strengthen muscles.
 - People who exercise regularly often report feeling more energized and focused throughout the day.
Guidelines For Establishing An Active Lifestyle
Establishing an active lifestyle means making consistent choices that prioritize health and wellbeing. Here are some guidelines to follow:
 - Start small and gradually increase activity levels over time.
 - Find physical activities that you enjoy, such as walking, biking or yoga.
 - Incorporate movement into your daily routine, like taking the stairs instead of the elevator.
 - Aim for at least 30 minutes of activity a day.
By prioritizing a balanced diet, regular exercise, and an active lifestyle, you can make changes that support your long-term health and well-being. Remember, improving your physical energy takes time, so be patient with yourself and focus on making small, sustainable changes.
Prioritizing Rest And Recovery: Understanding The Importance Of Sleep And Downtime
Prioritizing rest and recovery: understanding the importance of sleep and downtime
At times, it might seem like everyone is moving non-stop, cramming their schedules with tasks, errands, and entertainment. It's easy to get caught up in the hustle and bustle and neglect the importance of rest and recovery. But, recharging your batteries is essential to your overall health and well-being.
We'll cover the basics of rest and recovery, more specifically sleep and downtime, and how you can incorporate them into your routine.
The Benefits Of Restorative Sleep
When we sleep, our bodies have the chance to recover and replenish, repairing any cellular damage and rejuvenating our muscles and tissues. But, it's not just our body that benefits from a good night's sleep. Our minds also benefit from restoring mental and emotional balance.
Here are some of the benefits of restorative sleep:
 - Boosts immune system function
 - Improves cognitive function
 - Increases creativity and problem-solving skills
 - Reduces stress and anxiety
 - Aids in weight management
Tips For Better Sleep Hygiene
To attain the benefits of restorative sleep,


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Specialized root structures of bald cypress that grow vertically above water or moist soil. It is thought that these structures aid the oxygen/carbon dioxide exchange in the roots.
| Bald Cypress - knees
Montezuma Cypress - no knees
Q: I have bald cypress trees in my yard. The root nodules are becoming a problem with my lawn mower. Would it damage the trees if I trimmed them off at ground level? B.D., Dallas.
A: Yes, the knees are part of the root system. Change the area to mulch or ground cover and try to dry out the soil. The knees grow in overly moist soil.
QUESTION: I have a bald cypress, and the roots are coming out of the ground all around the yard. Some are close to the tree and some are far away. The roots come out of the ground for about 12 inches or less and then go back into the ground. How can I keep this from happening? Can I cut the roots that are already protruding without hurting the tree? K.E., Fort Worth
ANSWER: This is a characteristic of bald cypress. Their roots always do this to some degree, especially when the ground stays moist to wet. Improving the drainage and reducing your use of water will help, but the only way to eliminate the protruding roots is to remove the tree. I would suggest instead that you use mulch or plant a groundcover around the tree so you won't need to mow over or around cypress roots.


ABSTRACT
This chapter discusses electronic and vibrational spectroscopic techniques that are applied in medicine. Nanoscale spectroscopy applications in medicine involve the study of light interaction and propagation through biological tissue. The chapter describes luminescence spectroscopy and atomic absorption spectroscopy. It examines fluorescence spectroscopy and phosphorescence imaging as applied for medical diagnosis. The chapter offers nanoscale vibrational spectroscopy for biomedical applications. It outlines Raman spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and terahertz spectroscopy. The chapter highlights the importance of using each of these techniques in medical applications. It also describes the basic principles behind each technique and their relative advantages and disadvantages. Electronic spectroscopy deals with characterization and applications of energy transitions between two quantum electronic states of an atom or a molecule. With the absorption of energy, an electron of an atom or a molecule may be excited to a quantum level with a higher energy.


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Minecraft is a game where we can develop our imagination to the fullest, since it is characterized by being like a "sandbox" in which we are allowed to do whatever we want.
In fact, it is even possible to create complicated mechanisms that facilitate our day to day playing. If you want to discover what they are, today we explain how to make or craft a panel or sunlight sensor in Minecraft in a simple and fast way.
After having so many years in the lives of millions of people, Minecraft has managed to have more updates than we can remember. That is why today we show you how you can make one of the most useful and most used mechanisms, so that you can keep up to date with everything that this wonderful game offers us.
How to craft a panel or light sensor in Minecraft?
When we manage to download and install Minecraft, we will surely realize that it has many different aspects; so many that many times we don't know where to start. But one of the most important, interesting and used features of the entire game are the different mechanisms that we can use to facilitate the tasks that we carry out in our day to day playing.
One of the most useful building blocks for these complicated mechanisms is without a doubt the sunlight sensor. If you want to start immersing yourself in the wonderful world of mechanics within Minecraft, we encourage you to keep reading and discover how you can create or craft one of these useful solar sensors.
Steps to craft a light sensor in Minecraft
Of course, before you start crafting the famous light sensor in Minecraft, you need to have an idea of how to get started with redstone.
That is why we encourage you to look for the guide you need to be able to build the redstone mechanisms you want without any problem. Having said that, we first show you what you need to create the sunlight sensor.
All you need is three glass blocks, three infra-quartz and three wooden slabs of any kind. That's it! When you have all the materials, you just have to find a crafting table and put the materials in the following way:
- First, put the three glass blocks in the three spaces in the top row.
- Then put the three infra-quarters in the three spaces in the middle row.
- And finally, fill the entire row below with the three wooden tiles of any type.
How can you use the sunlight sensor in Minecraft?
When you have created or crafted your light sensor, you will surely be wondering how this special block works. Well, basically, you can use it to power all the redstone mechanisms you create. What sensors of this type do is take the sunlight of the moment to power whatever you want , just like a real-life solar panel.
If it is noon, which is when there is the greatest amount of sunlight in the game, the sensor will emit a signal of up to 15 blocks; and if it is late, it will be a 5 block signal.
Of course, in order to use it correctly, it is necessary that you know the time in Minecraft accurately, so we recommend that you have a watch on hand within the game.
Thanks to its square shape, it is possible to connect four different circuits to the sensor at once , which greatly facilitates the process of creating large mechanisms with a reliable power source. Also, if you want, you can complement the use of the sensor by making a repeater and redstone comparator and thus make much more complex circuits.
On the other hand, something that will be of great help when working with this sensor is that it also feeds on moonlight , so it will not stop working even at night. We encourage you to continue learning about this topic and to make the most of your time while playing Minecraft.


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The budget allocation is agreed between our school and the Local Authority at the beginning of each financial year. Detail of how this money is used to support children and young people with SEND is shown below. This is monitored each term by the Governing Body.
At Castleside Primary School, our notional SEN budget for 2018-2019 is £35,176
This is used to support children and young people with SEND by:
- Funding additional support from a Teaching Assistant who supports children in class and delivers targeted interventions
- Buying in extra services such as Educational Psychology
- Purchasing resources required to support pupil progress and development
If a child has complex special educational needs, we could also receive additional funding from the Local Authority to meet the agreed outcomes.
A Costed Provision Map will be developed in liaison with the child, young person, parent or carer. An example of a costed provision map can be found here:
If you would like to discuss your SEND requirements in detail please contact the school to arrange an appointment.


The real cost of crashes and deaths on NSW roads
Car crash
windscreen shattered
Be it as a passenger or driver, you've likely seen close calls on the road or experienced them yourself. But have you ever wondered how many road crashes occur each year?
In a bid to understand the trends in fatal road accidents, we analysed the number of lives lost and casualties on NSW roads, as well as quantified the cost by region and main arterial road.
Here, we provide a snapshot of our findings taken from the NRMA Cost of Crashes report.
The loss of life due to road crashes in NSW is on the increase since 2015
Over the past decade there has been a steady decline in the number of lives lost on NSW roads. However, 2015 and 2016 has seen an upward trend.
During 2011-2015, 1,723 lives were lost and 129,320 people were injured on NSW roads. While the number of fatalities decreased 20.3 per cent over the period 2006-10 to 2011-15, the number of total serious injuries increased 4.6 per cent to 61,130.
Source: NRMA Cost of Crashes report
Regional NSW has a higher proportion of road fatalities than metro NSW
Fatalities in regional NSW represent a disproportionate share of the NSW road toll, while serious, moderate, and minor injuries represent are larger proportion of casualties in the Sydney region.
In 2011-15, 67.1 per cent of fatalities occurred in regional NSW. By comparison, 55 per cent of serious injuries in 2011-15 occurred in the Sydney region.
Total cost of road trauma has decreased
During 2011-15, the cost of trauma on NSW roads totalled $35.7 billion. While the total cost of road trauma decreased 8.2 percent when compared to 2006-10, the total cost of serious injuries increased by 4.0 per cent to $17.8 billion in 2011-15.
Lives lost
For the period 2011-15, there was a 20.3 per cent decrease in the number of lives lost across NSW roads when compared to 2006-10. This means the total cost of fatalities declined from $15.57 billion in 2006-10 to $12.43 billion during 2011-15.
The average cost of a life lost on a NSW road for the period 2011-2015 was $7.21 million.
Serious injuries
Over the 10 year period from 2006 to 2015, there were 119,563 people seriously injured on NSW roads. For the period 2011-2015 there was a five per cent increase in the number of serious injuries (matched) to 33,560 from 31,971. This cost to the community is $9.71 billion compared to $9.35 billion for the period 2006 to 2010.
The average cost of someone being seriously injured on a NSW road for the period 2011-15 was $289,417.
What are the biggest problem regions in NSW?
Taking population density into account, the biggest increase in fatalities and injuries occurred in the Illawarra and Hunter regions of NSW.
There was a massive increase in the number of lives lost on the Oxley Highway in particular, from 11 to 25 in 2006-2010 and 2011-2015 respectively. To put it in perspective, that's up by a whopping 127.3%.
The Cost of Crashes report
Keeping Australians safe on our roads is a key part of why the NRMA exists. Safe mobility is a core of focus of the NRMA, incorporated into every aspect of our business.
There will never be an acceptable number of lives lost on our roads and industry, government and the community need to work together to continue to reduce the NSW road toll. The NRMA supports the NSW Government's target to reduce annual road deaths and serious injuries by at least 30 per cent by 2021, and will continue to shoulder some of this responsibility, championing safer vehicles, road upgrades and education campaigns to ensure all road users arrive safely at their destination.
Discover more in depth insights into the cost of crashes in NSW, including the cost of casualties to the Sydney region and Regional NSW, and the cost of casualties by NSW highways in the Cost of Crashes report.
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Measure Topology Performance
After you start the jobs included in a topology, you can measure the health and performance of all jobs and systems in the topology.
Important: To monitor job statistics and metrics, the pipeline must be configured to write statistics to Control Hub or to another system. Configure the pipeline to write statistics when you design the pipeline. For more information, see Pipeline Statistics.
To measure the dataflows in a topology, simply click the name of a topology in the Topologies view. Control Hub displays the mapped jobs and systems in the canvas and displays a summary record count diagram for the topology in the detail pane. Click the canvas to measure the health of the entire topology. Select a job or system in the canvas to view statistics and monitoring details for that piece of the topology.
Note: When time series analysis is enabled for a job, you can view historical time series data when you monitor a topology that includes the job. When time series analysis is disabled, you can still view the total record count and throughput for a topology, but you cannot view the data over a period of time. For example, you can't view the record count for the last five minutes.
The following image shows the overall progress of a topology:
Monitor Jobs and Systems
In addition to measuring the health and progress of the overall topology, you can drill into the details of a single active job or system to monitor the performance of that component.
If you select an active job or system in the canvas, you can monitor real-time statistics and error information for that particular job or system. For example, if we select the Web Log Collection job in the topology below, the detail pane displays the record count and throughput for that job:
The detail pane displays the real-time statistics for the job. The detail pane also displays any metric, data, and data drift alerts configured on the pipeline and triggered during the pipeline run.
Tip: You can also view metrics through data delivery reports.
The detail pane includes other sections which provide you with more insight into the progress and configuration of the job. For example, if you expand the pipeline section, you can view the complete design of the pipeline. When you select an active job in a topology canvas, you can access the same information as when you monitor the job from the Jobs view. For more information, see Monitoring Jobs.
Just as you can drill into the monitoring details for a job, you can also drill into the details of an origin, destination, or error system. Select a system in the topology canvas to view the record count and throughput of each input and output job to that system.


text: AquaLock is a soil sampler, vibrated down directly to sampling depth for a 1,5 m long virtually undisturbed sample. It can be used for continuous or discrete sampling. Prior to drilling, the AquaLock is pressurized with water to lock the piston down in the cutting shoe. When the desired sampling depth is reached, water pressure is released via push rods. Drilling continues an additional 1,5 meter. Vacuum holds the sample in the tube while retrieved. Above ground water pressure is applied such that the piston pushes the soil out of the tube.


Vallibadari, Valli-badari, Vallībadarī: 2 definitions
Languages of India and abroad
Sanskrit dictionary
[«previous next»] — Vallibadari in Sanskrit glossary
Vallībadarī (वल्लीबदरी):—[=vallī-badarī] [from vallī > vall] f. a species of jujube, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
[Sanskrit to German] (Deutsch Wörterbuch)
Vallībadarī (वल्लीबदरी):—f. eine Art Judendorn, = bhūbadarī [Rājanirghaṇṭa im Śabdakalpadruma]
context information
Discover the meaning of vallibadari in the context of Sanskrit from relevant books on Exotic India
See also (Relevant definitions)
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Dynamic Kubelet Configuration
Dynamic Kubelet Configuration
Author: Michael Taufen (Google)
Why Dynamic Kubelet Configuration?
Kubernetes provides API-centric tooling that significantly improves workflows for managing applications and infrastructure. Most Kubernetes installations, however, run the Kubelet as a native process on each host, outside the scope of standard Kubernetes APIs.
In the past, this meant that cluster administrators and service providers could not rely on Kubernetes APIs to reconfigure Kubelets in a live cluster. In practice, this required operators to either ssh into machines to perform manual reconfigurations, use third-party configuration management automation tools, or create new VMs with the desired configuration already installed, then migrate work to the new machines. These approaches are environment-specific and can be expensive.
Dynamic Kubelet configuration gives cluster administrators and service providers the ability to reconfigure Kubelets in a live cluster via Kubernetes APIs.
What is Dynamic Kubelet Configuration?
Kubernetes v1.10 made it possible to configure the Kubelet via a beta config file API. Kubernetes already provides the ConfigMap abstraction for storing arbitrary file data in the API server.
Dynamic Kubelet configuration extends the Node object so that a Node can refer to a ConfigMap that contains the same type of config file. When a Node is updated to refer to a new ConfigMap, the associated Kubelet will attempt to use the new configuration.
How does it work?
Dynamic Kubelet configuration provides the following core features:
 - Kubelet attempts to use the dynamically assigned configuration.
 - Kubelet "checkpoints" configuration to local disk, enabling restarts without API server access.
 - Kubelet reports assigned, active, and last-known-good configuration sources in the Node status.
 - When invalid configuration is dynamically assigned, Kubelet automatically falls back to a last-known-good configuration and reports errors in the Node status.
To use the dynamic Kubelet configuration feature, a cluster administrator or service provider will first post a ConfigMap containing the desired configuration, then set each Node.Spec.ConfigSource.ConfigMap reference to refer to the new ConfigMap. Operators can update these references at their preferred rate, giving them the ability to perform controlled rollouts of new configurations.
Each Kubelet watches its associated Node object for changes. When the Node.Spec.ConfigSource.ConfigMap reference is updated, the Kubelet will "checkpoint" the new ConfigMap by writing the files it contains to local disk. The Kubelet will then exit, and the OS-level process manager will restart it. Note that if the Node.Spec.ConfigSource.ConfigMap reference is not set, the Kubelet uses the set of flags and config files local to the machine it is running on.
Once restarted, the Kubelet will attempt to use the configuration from the new checkpoint. If the new configuration passes the Kubelet's internal validation, the Kubelet will update Node.Status.Config to reflect that it is using the new configuration. If the new configuration is invalid, the Kubelet will fall back to its last-known-good configuration and report an error in Node.Status.Config.
Note that the default last-known-good configuration is the combination of Kubelet command-line flags with the Kubelet's local configuration file. Command-line flags that overlap with the config file always take precedence over both the local configuration file and dynamic configurations, for backwards-compatibility.
See the following diagram for a high-level overview of a configuration update for a single Node:
How can I learn more?
Please see the official tutorial at /docs/tasks/administer-cluster/reconfigure-kubelet/, which contains more in-depth details on user workflow, how a configuration becomes "last-known-good," how the Kubelet "checkpoints" config, and possible failure modes.


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Subjective Wellbeing Among Adults with Diabetes: Results from Diabetes MILES—Australia
- First Online:
- Cite this article as:
- Holmes-Truscott, E., Browne, J.L., Pouwer, F. et al. J Happiness Stud (2016) 17: 1205. doi:10.1007/s10902-_PHONE_-4
- 370 Downloads
This study examines the subjective wellbeing of Australian adults with diabetes who completed the Diabetes MILES—Australia survey, investigating by diabetes type and treatment, and by comparing with the subjective wellbeing of the general Australian adult population. In addition, the extent to which depression and socio-demographic factors account for subjective wellbeing is investigated. People with type 1 or type 2 diabetes have significantly lower subjective wellbeing compared to the general population, even after controlling for covariates (demographic and socio-economic status, diabetes duration, body mass index, number of diabetes-related complications, and depression). Furthermore, adults with type 2 diabetes using insulin to manage their condition report the lowest levels of subjective wellbeing, and are also most likely to report dissatisfaction with their current health. These findings suggest that living with diabetes, and in particular, living with type 2 diabetes and using insulin, strongly challenges the maintenance of subjective wellbeing.


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Adobe Illustrator: Adding a White Border for Window Clings
by Barb Binder, Adobe Certified Instructor on Illustrator
Window clings and stickers often have a white border added around the outside of the artwork. I encountered this question for the first time in class yesterday and here's how we solved it.
- To make this more visual (because it is hard to see white on white), I changed the artboard to a color to a light blue. In File > Document Setup > Transparency and Overprint Options, I selected a light blue in the top color swatch box and checked Simulate Colored Paper.
- Start by selecting the final artwork by clicking on the selection box on the far right of the artwork layer.
- Copy the artwork, and paste it onto a new layer (I named mine White border). Select the copied artwork on the White border by clicking the selection box.
- Fill the artwork with white. Remove stroke, if necessary.
- In Window > Pathfinder, click on Unite to combine all of the individual shapes into one shape.
- Extend the path out on all sides by selecting Effect > Path > Offset Path. Turn Preview on so that you can gauge the distance of the offset and how the corners are joined (I picked Round).
- Select Object > Expand Appearance to convert the Offset Path appearance into vectors.
- Reverse the order of the two layers, so that the White border is under the artwork.


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One such challenge involves breaking cracked rocks to reveal stowed away insider facts, collectibles, and new paths. This guide will dive into various strategies and techniques to break these obstinate obstacles, including fusing to create a demolishing weapon, utilizing bomb blossoms, and harnessing the power of the Sage of Fire. By mastering these procedures, you'll uncover stowed away treasures and open additional opportunities in TotK.
Fusing to Create a Demolishing Weapon:
Cracked rocks can be formidable barriers, yet with the right hardware, you can easily conquer them. One compelling strategy involves fusing things to create a powerful weapon capable of shattering even the sturdiest of rocks. Here is a bit by bit guide on the most proficient method to accomplish this:
Distinguish the necessary things: Search for explicit things or assets within the game world that can be combined to create a demolishing weapon. These things could include a solid hammer, a magical pearl, or a rare material.
Acquire the necessary materials: Investigate prisons, complete missions, or engage in side activities to gather the expected materials for the combination cycle. These materials may be concealed in chests, dropped by defeated foes, or rewarded for completing explicit challenges.
Locate a combination master: Search out NPCs or characters within the game world who have the information and abilities to meld things. These specialists may be tracked down in specialized shops, secret locations, or within certain story-driven missions.
Initiate the combination cycle: Interact with the combination master and follow the on-screen prompts to initiate the combination cycle. Select the ideal things to be intertwined and affirm the combination.
Test your recently created weapon: When the combination is finished, prepare the recently created demolishing weapon and approach cracked rocks. Utilize the weapon's one of a kind abilities to break them apart and reveal stowed away areas, treasures, or easy routes.
Utilizing Bomb Blossoms to Obliterate Rocks:
In the vast expanse of TotK, bomb roses are nature's dangerous gift to adventurers. These volatile plants can be used as powerful tools for breaking cracked rocks. Here is an aide on using bomb blossoms really:
Spotting bomb blossom patches: While exploring TotK, watch out for patches of bomb blossoms. These vibrant and distinctive plants are often tracked down near rough areas or within prisons.
Approach with caution: Bomb blossoms are profoundly hazardous, so practice caution while interacting with them. Avoid striking or jostling them, as they can detonate and cause damage.
Picking up bomb blossoms: Approach a bomb bloom patch and carefully interact with a completely developed bomb blossom. Link, the protagonist, will get it, allowing you to involve it as a dangerous tool.
Throwing bomb blossoms: Aim your toss by adjusting Link's heading. Be mindful of the trajectory and distance to guarantee accurate placement. Recollect that bomb blossoms have a restricted clock before they detonate.
Breaking cracked rocks: Stand at a safe distance and toss the bomb bloom towards the cracked stone. The blast will shatter the obstacle, granting you access to stowed away areas, treasures, or alternate routes.
Breaking Cracked Rocks Using the Sage of Fire Power:
As you progress through TotK, you'll experience strong sages, each possessing special elemental powers. The Sage of Fire is particularly adept at breaking cracked rocks using their blazing abilities. This is the way you can harness their power:
Embark on the journey: Engage in the main storyline or seek after unambiguous side missions that lead you to the Sage of Fire. Follow the pieces of information, interact with NPCs, and unravel the secrets surrounding their whereabouts.
Earn the Sage's favor: To harness the power of the Sage of Fire, you should substantiate yourself commendable. Complete trials, address confuses, or satisfy journeys assigned by the sage. Demonstrate your determination and expertise to gain their trust.
Learn the Fire spell: After earning the Sage's favor, they will impart their insight and teach you the sacred Fire spell. Master the expected procedures and motions to channel the flames really.
Approach cracked rocks: Locate the cracked rocks obstructing your path. They may be tracked down in prisons, far off areas, or within intricate mazes. The Sage's fire power is particularly compelling against these obstacles.
Cast the Fire spell: Center your energy and invoke the Fire spell. Direct the flames towards the cracked stone, allowing the intense heat to fracture the obstacle, granting you access to stowed away mysteries and treasures.
In Zelda: Tears of the Kingdom, breaking cracked rocks is an essential ability to investigate stowed away areas and uncover valuable rewards. By utilizing various procedures, for example, fusing to create a demolishing weapon, utilizing bomb blossoms strategically, and harnessing the power of the Sage of Fire, you'll defeat these obstacles and uncover the mysteries that lie past.
Make sure to approach these challenges with patience and careful observation. Investigate the universe of TotK completely, interact with its inhabitants, and embark on missions to find new tools and abilities that will aid you in your stone breaking endeavors.
Thus, furnish yourself with the information and abilities shared in this aide, and let the sound of shattered rocks be the herald of your victory in Zelda: Tears of the Kingdom.


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Our office is working with the Genius Patient Portal TM to enable you to exchange health information with us using a personal computer. Here's how you can participate:
1. Connect your personal computer to the internet.
2. Go to _URL_, click on Register, then enter the identification code you were given at the office or via U.S. mail.
3. Create a new free Genius Patient Portal account, or sign in to your existing Genius Patient Portal account if you already have one.
4. Answer the verification question whose answer you shared with us. This exchange helps prevent unauthorized use of your identity code. You will see the question after you enter the identity code.
5. Create a password to protect your account. 6. Using the email sent to you, confirm your account.
When the steps above are complete you are ready to exchange information with us!


Pyrmin Limited
"Applying heat to unlock value"
Welcome to the website of Pyrmin Limited, part of the Enhanced Landfill Mining Group.
Pyrmin is focussed on the processing of waste organic (ie - carbon-containing) compounds using heat to produce re-usable materials that can be sold, principally into the fuels value-chain but also including other products that are produced. These materials may currently be destined for landfill or may be being re-processed in a harmful way. Materials include waste plastics of all types and ultimately biologically sourced organic materials.
Our initial focus is on the thermolysis of waste tyres since these represent a significant problem for disposal and, by their nature, provide a significant volume of already sorted material for our process.
If you would like more information, please email us at: _EMAIL_


What Are You Expected To Do As A Law Intern?
As a law student, you will be expected to do your internship at some point during the course of your study. While you may have some preconceived notions about what it means to intern at a law firm and the tasks you will be undertaking, you won't know for sure until you finally begin your internship. Basically, an internship at a law firm is designed to give law students valuable insight into the professional lives of attorneys and judges. If you're lucky enough to land an internship at a law firm that pays its interns an allowance, good for you! Although, keep in mind that that may not always be the case. That aside, let's take a look at some of the basic responsibilities you can be expected to shoulder as an intern.
1. Observe and learn
The objective of an internship is to better understand what being a lawyer involves, and the best way to do that is to be around… well, lawyers! Observe the partners and associates in your place of internship and take note of these things:
 - How do they manage their time?
 - How do they structure their daily and weekly schedules?
 - How do they manage clients? Is there a protocol to follow when liaising with clients?
 - How do they decide whether to represent a client or otherwise?
 - What are the processes involved in managing a case and who do they liaise with apart from their clients?
 - What is involved in the research process for a case and which resources are used?
 - Where do you get those resources?
 - What is the payment structure and how is it collected?
These are just some of the questions to which you need to get answers during your internship period. Find out all you can about the above and more – garnering as much information and knowledge as you can during your internship will stand you in good stead when you finally graduate and become a full-fledged lawyer. There's only so much you can learn at law school – real world experience is a big part of the rest of your educational journey.
2. Do research
Research plays a huge role when it comes to case preparations and the extent of research required per case often means that lawyers spend long working hours on it each day. This is where you can volunteer and contribute as an intern. Among the tasks you will be carrying out as part of the research process include reviewing precedents and past legislation, fact-checking, drafting memos, writing legislation and updating team members on current events. Subsequently, the research that you've done needs to be compiled and presented to your superiors in an organised and coherent manner, so be sure to find out their preferences and requirements. If you're asked to relay your findings to them in writing, take it as an opportunity to sharpen your legal writing skills. In doing so, you could show initiative by adding value to your research – include your own comments or views to the content. This displays good analytical, critical-thinking and problem-solving skills, which are highly valued in a lawyer. Plus, it will definitely make your superiors sit up and notice, which may pave the way for a job offer upon graduation!
3. Organise and prioritise
If there's one thing that's synonymous with law firms, it's the massive amount of legal paperwork! Research papers, legal documents, client intake forms, billing invoices, time tracking forms, case files, evidence records, the list just goes on and on! With such a large amount of paperwork involved, your superior will be glad to have a helping hand in the form of an intern. Take advantage of this opportunity to make yourself useful and highlight your organisation and prioritisation skills! Arrange case files in a way that makes them easy to find (think colour-coded files in alphabetical order); organise research papers and legal documents in a systematic manner, and help put your superior's court documents in order so that referencing is made easy. Organising is no mean feat, but your internship period is a good time to get started. After all, it's a skill that will come in really handy in the future. Also, be prepared to handle some administrative work in the process – it's common for interns to do traditional clerical work such as taking calls and messages, drafting emails and memos, preparing meeting minutes, transcribing, and scanning and photocopying documents.
4. Acting as courtroom assistant
This role will definitely be one of the highlights of your internship. Debates in moot courts at college couldn't hold a candle to being in the thick of things in a real courtroom, and it definitely beats organising files and taking phone calls! As an intern, it's good to get some exposure to courtroom proceedings and the best way to do so is to function as a courtroom assistant. By assisting in courtroom proceedings, you will gain an in-depth understanding of court processes and protocols. You could also be tasked with preparing documents and files for mediation, which gives you a chance to put what you learnt at college to good use. And if you're lucky, you'll get to witness trial proceedings by being seated beside an attorney. If you intern for a judge, you may even get the chance to listen in when he calls both attorneys to approach the bench!


their length. Patient questions were divided into quartiles each containing 25% of the messages (Table 4). This confirmed that for most of the questions, the effect of question length on answer time was negligible. The answer time was 2.1 minutes (95% CI 1.9–2.3) for the shortest 25% of questions and 2.4 minutes (95% CI 2.2–2.7) for the longest 25%.
Time physicians spent answering patients' questions by question length
Patient question length Number of answers Physician answer time in minutes (95% CI)
Quartile Number of characters
1 0–308 278 2.1 (1.9–2.3)
2 309–398 280 2.3 (2.1–2.5)
3 399–594 277 2.2 (1.9–2.5)
4 595–3315 278 2.4 (2.2–2.7)
Hypothesis B states that the longest questions would consume an unreasonably large amount of physicians' time resources. These questions were defined as being the top 10% of questions (110 questions) with regard to length (>916 characters) (see Table 5).
Time physicians spent answering the longest 10% of patients' questions
Number of questions Patient question (mean number of characters) Physician answer time (minutes)
Shortest 90% of questions (≤916 characters) 1003 420 2.2
Longest 10% of questions (>916 characters) _PHONE_ 2.6
As shown in Table 5, the 10% longest patient questions were approximately 3 times the length of shorter questions (420 characters versus 1300 characters). However, the physicians spent on average 18% more time answering the 10% longest questions (2.6 minutes compared with 2.2 minutes). These results were not in favor of hypothesis B.
The results give mixed support to the hypotheses. As expected, the length of patients' questions predicted answer time, but the analysis also shows that the predictive value is negligible compared with the length of the physicians' answers. We did not find conclusive support for the hypothesis that very long patient messages should have a large effect on physician answer length and answering time. Instead, we observed a modest increase in physician answer length and only a marginal increase in answering time related to extremely long patient questions.
As noted, one of the main reasons physicians are skeptical about electronic communication is the potential for increased workload [12]; for instance, physicians might fear that patients would overuse it or that responding to questions would be time consuming. The results of the current study show, however, that these specific concerns might be unfounded. While it does take extra time to read long questions from the patient, this does not have large effects on the total time used by physicians to answer patient inquiries. In fact, a threefold (300%) increase in patient question length resulted in only an 18% increase in physician response time. Even though the average numbers may support the effectiveness of an electronic communication system, and other studies indicate that responses to email messages do not take more time than responses to nonelectronic patient messages [13], one may still question whether extreme cases will jeopardize these effects in a real-life office setting. Based on the current results these concerns appear unfounded. The average physician response time to a patient message was 2.3 minutes using the systems described in this study. Only 1.5% of questions took more than 10 minutes to answer. When compared against the average consultation time in Norwegian general practice (15–20 minutes) [14], even these unusual cases will have to be regarded as time saving, if the electronic messages substitute patients' office visits [6]. It is, however, unlikely that electronic messages can be a substitute for office visits in a one-to-one relationship. Other studies have shown that electronic messages can replace phone calls [7,8], and it is very likely that electronic messaging will find relevance as a supplement to personal encounters, for instance by recommendation of ethical guidelines [15].
Results from other investigations indicate that patients are willing to adapt to guidelines regarding the focus and content of messages [4], which should help to minimize the potential problem of lengthy patient questions. Obviously, the time-saving potential is highly dependent on electronic messages substituting for patient office visits [6].
This study included a considerable proportion of Norwegian physicians using electronic patient communication at the time the study was performed. It is not self-evident that the result would be valid for all physicians using similar services. An alternative approach would be to select a random sample of all physicians using electronic communication. At the time of the study, only a few Norwegian physicians were offering electronic communication services. A random sample could therefore be biased toward physicians being positive to electronic communication. In some countries, for instance Denmark [1], it has become mandatory for physicians to offer electronic communication services. In such contexts, a similar study based on random selection would be feasible.
The current study does not involve analysis of the content of the messages. The main challenge in doing this would be that it would require written consent from every patient. However, a prior study in similar populations has shown that only a small proportion of these messages are used for simple administrative purposes such as scheduling [11]. Instead, the majority of the patient messages are concerned with health-related questions, and requesting prescriptions, test results, and documentation for medical leave.
The average time spent answering messages might be influenced by factors such as workload and reimbursement policies. This limits the external validity of the current results. However, the investigated relationships between variables (eg, that the length of patients' messages had limited impact on the answer time), rather than their absolute values, are much more likely to also be valid in other cultural contexts.
Studies have demonstrated how email and electronic messaging systems can be used to promote balanced and patient-centered communication [16], in support of clinical decision making [17-19]. We believe the results reported here further extend the clinical usefulness of electronic communication between patients and health care providers by demonstrating the potential for saving time.
This study was supported by a grant from Helse Nord RHF. Thanks to Gro Berntsen, Trine S Bergmo, and Ellen Ersfjord for various contributions to this project.
None declared
Kummervold PE Chronaki CE Lausen B Prokosch HU Rasmussen J Santana S Staniszewski A Wangberg SC eHealth trends in Europe 2005-2007: a population-based survey J Med Internet Res 2008 10 4 e42 10.2196/jmir.1023 _PHONE_ v10i4e42 PMC2629359 Wallwiener M Wallwiener CW Kansy JK Seeger H Rajab TK Impact of electronic messaging on the patient-physician interaction J Telemed Telecare 2009 15 5 243 50 10.1258/jtt.2009.090111 _PHONE_ 15/5/243 Patt MR Houston TK Jenckes MW Sands DZ Ford DE Doctors who are using e-mail with their patients: a qualitative exploration J Med Internet Res 2003 5 2 e9 10.2196/jmir.5.2.e9 _PHONE_ PMC1550557 White CB Moyer CA Stern DT Katz SJ A content analysis of e-mail communication between patients and their providers: patients get the message J Am Med Inform Assoc 2004 11 4 260 7 10.1197/jamia.M1445 _PHONE_ M1445 PMC436072 Caffery L Smith AC Scuffham PA An economic analysis of email-based telemedicine: a cost minimisation study of two service models BMC Health Serv Res 2008 8 107 10.1186/_PHONE_-8-107 _PHONE_ _PHONE_-8-107 PMC2413229 Bergmo TS Kummervold PE Gammon D Dahl LB Electronic patient-provider communication: will it offset office visits and telephone consultations in primary care? Int J Med Inform 2005 09 74 9 705 10 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2005.06.002 _PHONE_ S1386-5056(05)00066-3 Liederman EM Lee JC Baquero VH Seites PG Patient-physician web messaging. The impact on message volume and satisfaction J Gen Intern Med 2005 01 20 1 52 7 10.1111/j._PHONE_.2005.40009.x _PHONE_ JGI40009 PMC1490042 Lin CT Wittevrongel L Moore L Beaty BL Ross SE An Internet-based patient-provider communication system: randomized controlled trial J Med Internet Res 2005 7 4 e47 10.2196/jmir.7.4.e47 _PHONE_ v7i4e47 PMC1550679 Visma Unique AS 2009 2011-08-25 Online Kontakt med Helsepersonell 61CuvtTe0 DIPS ASA, Profdoc Norge AS 2011 01 18 2011-08-25 minDoktor.no 61Cuxev47 Kummervold PE Trondsen M Andreassen H Gammon D Hjortdahl P [Patient-physician interaction over the internet] Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen 2004 10 21 124 20 2633 6 155346


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The current study examined whether negative illness perceptions help explain the link between depression and quality of life. Seventy patients with epilepsy completed standardized self-report questionnaires measuring depression, illness perception, and quality of life (QOL). Illness perception statistically mediated the relationship between depression and QOL (Indirect effect (CI; confidence interval) = -.72, lower limit = -1.7, upper limit = -.22, p <.05). Results held with and without adjusting for potential confounding variables (age, sex, ethnicity, income, and seizure frequency) and when operationalizing depression as a continuous variable that indexed severity of symptoms or as a dichotomous variable that indexed criteria consistent with a diagnosis of major depressive disorder. This study is the first to suggest that illness perceptions may be a useful target in screening and intervention approaches in order to improve QOL among low-income, racially/ethnically diverse patients with epilepsy.
- Illness Perceptions
- Quality of Life