Onondaga Cave
Missouri Caverns
Useful Information
Location: 1 hour south of St. Louis. I-44 west to Onondaga 130km, exit 214 (Leasburg). Turn left on ramp (Highway H), 11km to Onondaga Cave State Park.
Open: MAR to OCT daily 9-17, last tour 16.
Tour times change depending on the season and available staffing.
Fee: Adults USD 10, Children (6-12) USD 5, Children (0-5) free, Seniors (65+) USD 8.
Groups (10+): Adults USD 5, Children (6-12) USD 4, Children (6-12) USD 2.50.
Groups must be scheduled two weeks in advance.
Classification: Karst cave river cave, Eminence and Gasconade dolomite (Ordovician, approx 450 million years old).
Light: electric
Dimension: L=2.896m, VR=52m, T=13-15°C, A=213m asl.
Guided tours: L=1,610m, VR=52m, D=90min, V=40,000/a [2005].
Address: Onondaga Cave, Onondaga Cave State Park, 7556 Hwy. H, Leasburg, MO 65535, Tel: _PHONE_.
Last update:$Date: 2014/07/21 08:13:30 $
1798according to local gossip discovered by Daniel Boone.
1886discovered by Charles Christopher.
1897opened to the public.
1940sName changed to Onondaga Cave
1950sacquired by Lester Dill and Lyman Riley.
1982acquired by the State Missouri, became a State Park.
Onondaga Cave has some really beautiful formations. There are helictites, cave pearls, shields, and lily pads. This cave is considered to be the most beautifully decorated cave in Missouri, and that means a lot. Especially the still ponds of dripping water are a source of extraordinary calcite crystals. The water is so still, calcite crystals form on the surface, making calcite rafts locally called calcite ice. They are swimming because of the surface tension of the water, and sink at the slightest stirring of the water. Lily pads resemble water lilys but are actually calcite crystals formed in calcite rich water on stalagmites standing in the water. Shields are, as the name says, shield-like formations and are extremely rare. They are formed by water which is transported along a thin crack by capillary forces.
Onondaga Cave formed along the Leasburg Fault, a tectonic fracture zone which marks a vertical shear. The displacement is only 17m, but the huge amount of fractures allows the water to enter the limestone, and the huge surface of so many cracks speeds up the limestone solution. Onondaga Cave drains water from all along the fault, not just the immediate area. However, the water which is today found in the cave is not responsible for its formation. Since then the surface and with it the drainage changed completely.
The natural entrance to Onondaga Cave is low and water filled, it was never used by natives or early settlers. No remains of any usage of the cave could be found. The cave was discovered by the local Charles Christopher, when he visited the spring in 1886. With two friends, John Eaton and Mitis Horine, and a borrowed boat, he first explored the cave. The expedition took a whole day, and persuaded them to acquire the land around the cave. Some sources tell, the cave was first discovered much earlier. The legendary Daniel Boone is said to have discovered the cave as early as 1798. Actually there is no valid source hinting this may be true, so this is just local gossip.
A rather weird story happened in this cave in the early 1930s. It is a rather common story for caves, and happens all over the world. The cave extended across the boundary to the neighbouring land, and so the neighbour thought some of the income would be his. However, this time the story had some strange twists. Onondaga Cave was run by Bob Bradford. Dr. William Mook and Lee Mook leased the adjacent property. They secretly dug a tunnel into the back of Onondaga from their land, and one day they put up a barbed wire fence inside the cave, at the halfway point in the Big Room, assuming that this was the point below the boundary. Obviously Bob Bradford was not amused and an argument started and became worse until Bob Bradford headed after Lee Mook with a rifle.
A really strange encounter happened in 1934. Missouri senatorial candidate Harry S. Truman, the later president, visited the cave with his Democrat staff. At the same time a Republican party visited the other half of the cave. When they finally met at the barbed wire fence they started to argue across the demarcation line.
See also
Main Index | U.S.A. | Missouri
Last updated Terms of Use, © Jochen Duckeck.


text:
The Benefits of the Circular Economy for Companies' Circular Supply Chains in A French Port Area (Published)
The current situation of depletion and increasing scarcity of renewable and non-renewable natural resources calls for concrete and rapid action by governments, as the planet is currently living on credit. The circular economy can help tackle challenges such as waste gestion, pollution, biodiversity protection and climate change, by reusing production waste and by-products to reduce consumption of resources and safeguard the needs of future generations. The circular economy offers a number of environmental, economic and social benefits. This article presents the benefits of circular supply chains for companies in the Atlantic Port of La Rochelle. We used a qualitative methodology and carried out an in-depth study of 6 companies involved in the port's circular economy project. The results show a number of benefits, including a reduction ordinary industrial waste, financial savings, a reduction in the consumption of virgin resources and a reduction in carbon impact on circular supply chain.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
Free essay: rhetorical analysis: freedom writers the movie "freedom writers" is based on a true story hilary swank as erin gruwell plays an.
Film analysis, social issues, character analysis - analysis of freedom writers the film freedom writers directed by richard la gravenese is an american film their styles follow rhetorical guidelines to create persuasive arguments and.
Free essay: freedom writers- theme essay: the film freedom writers rhetorical analysis: freedom writers the movie "freedom writers" is based on a true. Their poignant personal essays were later published in the freedom writers diary, a book that inspired the 2007 film freedom writers today.
Fagstoff: the first encounter between students and teachers is always exciting erin gruwell, the new teacher at wilson high, is met with.
Analysis of these texts, i observe that writers view the writing self as a golden bowl the religion of doing, which is a feature of the writer's freedom to do. Freedom writers is a 2007 drama film written and directed by richard lagravenese and starring hilary swank, scott glenn, imelda staunton and patrick.


text:
Posted on Friday, 5th March 2010 by All Philippines
New Bilibid Prison
The New Bilibid Prison (NBP) (also known as the National Bilibid Prison), located in Muntinlupa City, Philippines, is one of the seven and most famous main insular correctional facilities for convicted male prisoners in the Philippines. The institution is operated and maintained by various Philippine government agencies, particularly, the Department of Justice (DOJ), the Bureau of Corrections, the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP), and the Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG).
Often called the "Bilibid", the New Bilibid Prison in Muntinlupa City was not the original prison facility that carries the Bilibid moniker. The old Bilibid prison located in the Mayhalique Estate in Oroquieta Street Sta. Cruz, Manila was built by the Spanish authorities in 1847 to incarcerate prisoners during the Spanish colonial period in the Philippines. The prison was established in accordance to a decree issued by the office of the Governor General or Section 1708 of the Revised Administrative Code. It was then formally opened by a royal decree in 1865. The penitentiary was divided into two main buildings. One is known as the 'Carcel' which can accommodate 600 prisoners. Prisoners incarcerated in the Carcel were divided according to class, sex, and the degree of the crimes they had committed. The other main building in the prison compound was called the 'Presidio'. This building was designed to accommodate 527 prisoners. All in all, before it was referred to as the Bilibid prison, this main Spanish-era prison facility was called the 'Carcel y Presidio Correcional'.
At the start of the 20th century, during the early American colonial rule, a modern 200 bed capacity hospital was added to the old Bilibid prison compound. A carpentry workshop was also built for the prisoners to hone their skills in woodworking and later to sell their crafts.
During the Commonwealth era under the presidency of Manuel Quezon, a growing number of prisoners admitted in the old Bilibid prison (this is due to an increased population and rapid urbanization of Manila) paved way for the creation and implementation of Commonwealth Act No. 67 ordering the construction of a new national prison facility in Muntinlupa City to replace the old Bilibid prison. The construction of the new prison compound started in 1935 with a budget of 1,000,000 Philippine pesos.
All prisoners incarcerated in the old Bilibid compound were transferred to the new prison facility in Muntinlupa city on November 15, 1940. At that time, the new penitentiary can accommodate up to 3,000 prisoners. On January 22, 1941, in a small ceremony attended by government officials and other luminaries, the new prison compound became officially known as the New Bilibid Prison.
Old Bilibid Prison 1899
Old Bilibid Prison 1902
Old Bilibid Prison 1910
Tags: American colonial rule Philippines, Bilibid prisoners convicts felons, Bureau of Corrections Philippines, Bureau of Jail Management and Penology BJMP Philippines, Carcel prison Philippines, Carcel y Presidio Correcional Manila Philippines, Commonwealth Act No. 67, correccional Philippines, correctional facilities in the Philippines, Department of Justice DOJ Philippines, Department of the Interior and Local Government DILG Philippines, Mayhalique Estate Oroquieta Street Sta. Cruz Manila, Muntinlupa City sights sounds landmarks, National Bilibid Prison Philippines, New Bilibid Prison, New Bilibid Prison Muntinlupa City, New Bilibid Prison NBP, New Bilibid Prison pictures, old Bilibid prison Manila Philippines, President Manuel Luis Quezon Commonwealth Government Philippines, Presidio prison Philippines, prisons of the Philippines, Section 1708 of the Revised Administrative Code Spanish colonial rule Philippines, Spanish Governor General Philippines, Spanish laws decrees in the Philippines, Spanish prison system Philippines, SPanish royal decree Philippines
Posted in Philippine Facts | Comments (6)

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Low level API#
Introduction to Gammapy analysis using the low level API.
Prerequisites#
 - Understanding the gammapy data workflow, in particular what are DL3 events and instrument response functions (IRF).
 - Understanding of the data reduction and modeling fitting process as shown in the analysis with the high level interface tutorial High level interface
Context#
This notebook is an introduction to gammapy analysis this time using the lower level classes and functions the library. This allows to understand what happens during two main gammapy analysis steps, data reduction and modeling/fitting.
Objective: Create a 3D dataset of the Crab using the H.E.S.S. DL3 data release 1 and perform a simple model fitting of the Crab nebula using the lower level gammapy API.
Proposed approach#
Here, we have to interact with the data archive (with the DataStore) to retrieve a list of selected observations (Observations). Then, we define the geometry of the MapDataset object we want to produce and the maker object that reduce an observation to a dataset.
We can then proceed with data reduction with a loop over all selected observations to produce datasets in the relevant geometry and stack them together (i.e.sum them all).
In practice, we have to:
 - Create a DataStore pointing to the relevant data
 - Apply an observation selection to produce a list of observations, a Observations object.
 - Define a geometry of the Map we want to produce, with a sky projection and an energy range.
 - Create a MapAxis for the energy
 - Create a WcsGeom for the geometry
 - Create the necessary makers:
 - Perform the data reduction loop. And for every observation:
 - Apply the makers sequentially to produce the current MapDataset
 - Stack it on the target one.
 - Define the'~gammapy.modeling.models.SkyModel' to apply to the dataset.
 - Create a Fit object and run it to fit the model parameters
 - Apply a FluxPointsEstimator to compute flux points for the spectral part of the fit.
Setup#
First, we setup the analysis by performing required imports.
from pathlib import Path
from astropy import units as u
from astropy.coordinates import SkyCoord
from regions import CircleSkyRegion
# %matplotlib inline
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from IPython.display import display
from gammapy.data import DataStore
from gammapy.datasets import MapDataset
from gammapy.estimators import FluxPointsEstimator
from gammapy.makers import FoVBackgroundMaker, MapDatasetMaker, SafeMaskMaker
from gammapy.maps import MapAxis, WcsGeom
from gammapy.modeling import Fit
from gammapy.modeling.models import (
 FoVBackgroundModel,
 PointSpatialModel,
 PowerLawSpectralModel,
 SkyModel,
)
from gammapy.utils.check import check_tutorials_setup
from gammapy.visualization import plot_npred_signal
Check setup#
check_tutorials_setup()
System:
 python_executable : /home/runner/work/gammapy-docs/gammapy-docs/gammapy/.tox/build_docs/bin/python
 python_version : 3.9.18
 machine : x86_64
 system : Linux
Gammapy package:
 version : 1.2
 path : /home/runner/work/gammapy-docs/gammapy-docs/gammapy/.tox/build_docs/lib/python3.9/site-packages/gammapy
Other packages:
 numpy : 1.26.4
 scipy : 1.12.0
 astropy : 5.2.2
 regions : 0.8
 click : 8.1.7
 yaml : 6.0.1
 IPython : 8.18.1
 jupyterlab : not installed
 matplotlib : 3.8.3
 pandas : not installed
 healpy : 1.16.6
 iminuit : 2.25.2
 sherpa : 4.16.0
 naima : 0.10.0
 emcee : 3.1.4
 corner : 2.2.2
 ray : 2.9.3
Gammapy environment variables:
 GAMMAPY_DATA : /home/runner/work/gammapy-docs/gammapy-docs/gammapy-datasets/1.2
Defining the datastore and selecting observations#
We first use the DataStore object to access the observations we want to analyse. Here the H.E.S.S. DL3 DR1.
data_store = DataStore.from_dir("$GAMMAPY_DATA/hess-dl3-dr1")
We can now define an observation filter to select only the relevant observations. Here we use a cone search which we define with a python dict.
We then filter the ObservationTable with select_observations.
selection = dict(
 type="sky_circle",
 frame="icrs",
 lon="83.633 deg",
 lat="22.014 deg",
 radius="5 deg",
)
selected_obs_table = data_store.obs_table.select_observations(selection)
We can now retrieve the relevant observations by passing their obs_id to the get_observations method.
Preparing reduced datasets geometry#
Now we define a reference geometry for our analysis, We choose a WCS based geometry with a binsize of 0.02 deg and also define an energy axis:
energy_axis = MapAxis.from_energy_bounds(1.0, 10.0, 4, unit="TeV")
geom = WcsGeom.create(
 skydir=(83.633, 22.014),
 binsz=0.02,
 width=(2, 2),
 frame="icrs",
 proj="CAR",
 axes=[energy_axis],
)
# Reduced IRFs are defined in true energy (i.e. not measured energy).
energy_axis_true = MapAxis.from_energy_bounds(
 0.5, 20, 10, unit="TeV", name="energy_true"
)
Now we can define the target dataset with this geometry.
Data reduction#
Create the maker classes to be used#
The MapDatasetMaker object is initialized as well as the SafeMaskMaker that carries here a maximum offset selection.
offset_max = 2.5 * u.deg
maker = MapDatasetMaker()
maker_safe_mask = SafeMaskMaker(
 methods=["offset-max", "aeff-max"], offset_max=offset_max
)
circle = CircleSkyRegion(center=SkyCoord("83.63 deg", "22.14 deg"), radius=0.2 * u.deg)
exclusion_mask = ~geom.region_mask(regions=[circle])
maker_fov = FoVBackgroundMaker(method="fit", exclusion_mask=exclusion_mask)
Perform the data reduction loop#
for obs in observations:
 # First a cutout of the target map is produced
 cutout = stacked.cutout(
 obs.get_pointing_icrs(obs.tmid), width=2 * offset_max, name=f"obs-{obs.obs_id}"
 )
 # A MapDataset is filled in this cutout geometry
 dataset = maker.run(cutout, obs)
 # The data quality cut is applied
 dataset = maker_safe_mask.run(dataset, obs)
 # fit background model
 dataset = maker_fov.run(dataset)
 print(
 f"Background norm obs {obs.obs_id}: {dataset.background_model.spectral_model.norm.value:.2f}"
 )
 # The resulting dataset cutout is stacked onto the final one
 stacked.stack(dataset)
print(stacked)
Background norm obs 23523: 0.99
Background norm obs 23526: 1.08
Background norm obs 23559: 0.99
Background norm obs 23592: 1.10
MapDataset
----------
 Name : crab-stacked
 Total counts : 2479
 Total background counts : 2112.97
 Total excess counts : 366.03
 Predicted counts : 2112.97
 Predicted background counts : 2112.97
 Predicted excess counts : nan
 Exposure min : 3.75e+08 m2 s
 Exposure max : 3.48e+09 m2 s
 Number of total bins : 40000
 Number of fit bins : 40000
 Fit statistic type : cash
 Fit statistic value (-2 log(L)) : nan
 Number of models : 0
 Number of parameters : 0
 Number of free parameters : 0
Inspect the reduced dataset#
stacked.counts.sum_over_axes().smooth(0.05 * u.deg).plot(stretch="sqrt", add_cbar=True)
plt.show()
analysis 2
Save dataset to disk#
It is common to run the preparation step independent of the likelihood fit, because often the preparation of maps, PSF and energy dispersion is slow if you have a lot


text:
A 5MW solar farm proposal in Charlbury, Oxfordshire has been refused planning permission by Oxfordshire County Council.
West Oxfordshire District Council officers recommended that the project be refused as the solar farm would harm the visual amenity of the area. Officers noted that the development would represent "an alien and incongruous feature" for the local landscape.
The proposals were put forward by Sustainable Charlbury, a green community group that aimed to develop the community-owned 5MW solar farm within the Cotswold area of outstanding natural beauty (AONB).
Sustainable Charlbury claimed to have undertaken extensive community consultation on the proposals – with the council recognising that the community group had made "every effort to reduce the impact of the proposed development where possible".
The council received 58 letters of support for the scheme, with locals praising the scheme's carefully selected site, the ability of the site to generate non-polluting energy and the financial returns available to the community.
In contrast, 23 letters of objection were received in relation to the application, complaints raised by local residents included: concern that the sun's reflection from the solar panels will create a hazard for motorists, fears that biodiversity will not be improved; and that there was no evidence that the solar farm will be saving any CO2 emissions.
The 12-hectare site was predicted to generate enough electricity to supply 1,100 local homes, returning 5% to investors in addition to generating an annual community fund worth £100,000.


text:
A string or rope is cut into two pieces, and then magically restored into one piece!
- One piece of heavy string or thin rope.
- A piece of writing paper.
- A pair of good scissors.
The Cut-and-Restored rope effect is a classic of magic. Prefold a piece of paper before the show so it looks like the paper in Figure 1. When it's time to present the trick, pull out the paper and lay the string in it as shown.
Fold the top of the paper (section A) down, then fold the bottom of the paper (section C) up. Now for the secret move:
When you fold section C up over section A, use your thumb to catch the string as demonstrated in Figure 2. When you prefold the paper before the show be certain that section A is not so long that it will cover the string.
Securely grasp the package as in Figure 3, making sure that the view shown in the diagram is seen only by you.
Cut through the paper, as shown in Figure 4. Cut completely through the paper, dividing it and, presumably, the rope in half. In reality, only the paper is cut in half, the rope is still intact.
Crumple up the paper, and pull the rope out slowly. It is restored into one complete piece! The paper may be examined, and it will be seen to have been cleanly cut into two halves!
Credits: Alex Jones


text:
Conference paper Open Access
Surveillance systems currently deploy a variety of devices that can capture visual content (such as CCTV, body-worn cameras, and smartphone cameras), thus rendering the monitoring of the video footage obtained from multiple such devices a complex task. This becomes especially challenging when monitoring social events that involve large crowds, particularly when there is a risk of crowd violence. This paper presents and demonstrates a crowd violence detection system that can process, analyze, and alert the potential stakeholders when violence-related content is identified in crowd-based video footage. Based on deep neural networks, the proposed end-to-end framework utilizes a 3D Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to deal with the (near) real-time analysis of video streams and video files for crowd violence detection. The framework is trained, evaluated, and demonstrated using the most recent dataset related to crowd-violence, namely the Violent Flows dataset. The presented framework is provided as a standalone application for desktop environments and can analyze video streams and video files.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text: The bulk viscosity of interacting strange quark matter in a strong external magnetic field B_m with a real equation of state is investigated. It is found that interquark interactions can significantly increase the bulk viscosity,and the magnetic field B_m can cause irregular oscillations in both components of the bulk viscosity, ■(parallel to B_m) and ■(perpendicular to B_m). A comparison with non-interacting strange quark matter reveals that when B_m is sufficiently large, ■is more affected by interactions than ■. Additionally, the quasi-oscillation of the bulk viscosity with changes in density may facilitate the formation of magnetic domains. Moreover, the resulting rmode instability windows are in good agreement with observational data for compact stars in low-mass X-ray binaries. Specifically, the r-mode instability window for interacting strange quark matter in high magnetic fields has a minimum rotation frequency exceeding 1050 Hz, which may explain the observed very high spin frequency of a pulsar with m=1122 Hz.


text:
James Earle Fraser
|Born||November 4, 1876|
Winona, Minnesota, U.S.
|Died||October 11, 1953 (aged 76)|
Westport, Connecticut, U.S.
|Education||The School of The Art Institute of Chicago;|
École des Beaux-Arts
James Earle Fraser (November 4, 1876 – October 11, 1953) was an American sculptor during the first half of the 20th century. His work is integral to many of Washington, D.C.'s most iconic structures.
Life and career
Fraser was born in Winona, Minnesota. James' wife Laura's genealogy could be traced back to Protestant Huguenots. His mother Caroline's genealogy could be traced back to the Plymouth Pilgrims. His father, Thomas Fraser, was an engineer who worked for railroad companies as they expanded across the American West. A few months before his son was born, Thomas Fraser was one of a group of men sent to recover the remains of the 7th Cavalry Regiment following George Armstrong Custer's disastrous engagement with the Lakota, Cheyenne, and Arapaho forces at the Battle of the Little Bighorn.
As a child, James Fraser was exposed to frontier life and the experience of Native Americans, who were being pushed ever further west or confined to Indian reservations. These early memories were expressed in many of his works, from his earlier trials, such as the bust Indian Princess, to his most famous projects, such as End of the Trail and the Indian Head (Buffalo) nickel.
Fraser began carving figures from pieces of limestone scavenged from a stone quarry close to his home near Mitchell, South Dakota in early life. He attended classes at The School of The Art Institute of Chicago in 1890 and studied at the École des Beaux Arts and the Académie Julian in Paris in the late 19th century. Early in his career, Fraser served as an assistant to Richard Bock and Augustus Saint-Gaudens; he formed his own studio in 1902. He also taught at the Art Students League in New York City beginning in 1906, and later became its director. His work was also part of the sculpture event in the art competition at the 1928 Summer Olympics.
Among his earliest works were sculptural pieces at the World's Columbian Exposition of 1893 and, for the 1915 Panama–Pacific International Exposition in San Francisco, one of his most famous pieces, End of the Trail. Also for the San Francisco Exposition, Fraser created a "mate" to "End of the Trail," called "The Pioneer". While both were meant to be cast in bronze, material shortages due to World War I prevented this. After the Exposition, the original plaster statues were moved to Mooney's Grove Park in Visalia, CA. Exposed to the elements, they slowly deteriorated. "The Pioneer" was destroyed in an earthquake, while "End of the Trail" was obtained by the National Cowboy & Western Heritage Museum in 1968 and restored. The restored statue is currently on display in the entryway of the Oklahoma City museum, and the original that sat in Visalia, CA, was replaced with a bronze replica. The original bronze replica is located in Shaler Park, in Waupun, Wisconsin. The statue was commissioned by inventor and sculptor Clarence Addison Shaler and donated to the City of Waupun on June 23, 1929.
Fraser's work in Washington includes The Authority of Law and The Contemplation of Justice at the U.S. Supreme Court; the south pediment and statues at the National Archives; Alexander Hamilton and Albert Gallatin at the U.S. Treasury; and the Second Division Monument, completed with the firm of architect John Russell Pope. His commissions also include coins and medals, such as the World War I Victory Medal, the Navy Cross, and the Indian Head (Buffalo) nickel. This coin was discontinued after 1938, but has since been reprised in 2001 on a US commemorative coin, and more recently on a gold buffalo one ounce gold bullion coin.
Fraser's major works include two heroic bronze equestrian statues titled The Arts of Peace, designed for the entrance to the Rock Creek and Potomac Parkway, behind the Lincoln Memorial. The pair was a companion to sculptor Leo Friedlander's The Arts of War, installed immediately to the south at the east end of Arlington Memorial Bridge. The groups had been designed in the 1930s but were not cast until the 1950s, because of a shortage of metals during World War II.
Fraser was a member of the National Academy of Design, the National Sculpture Society, and the Architectural League of New York. His numerous awards and honors include election to the National Institute of Arts and Letters and gold medal from the Architectural League in 1925. He served on the U.S. Commission of Fine Arts in Washington, D.C., from 1920 to 1925.
Muralist Barry Faulkner, a friend of Fraser's from their days in Paris together described Fraser like this: "His character was like a good piece of Scotch tweed, handsome, durable and warm." [see Wilkonson, References] Fraser's papers and those of his wife, sculptor Laura Gardin Fraser, are held at the Special Collections Research Center at Syracuse University Library, the Smithsonian Archives of American Art, and the National Cowboy & Western Heritage Museum.
- _PHONE_ Benjamin Franklin sculpture, Benjamin Franklin National Memorial, Franklin Institute, Philadelphia (Memorial dedicated 1938)
- 1908 Recumbent figure of Bishop Potter, Cathedral of Saint John the Divine, New York, Manhattan
- 1911 Frederick Keep Monument, Rock Creek Cemetery, Washington, D.C.
- 1916 John Hay Memorial, Lake View Cemetery, Cleveland, Ohio
- 1920 Canadian Officer, Bank of Montreal, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- 1920 Symbolic figures, Elks National Veterans Memorial, Chicago, Illinois
- 1923 Alexander Hamilton, Treasury Building, Washington, D.C.
- 1926 John Ericsson National Memorial, East Potomac Park, Washington, D.C.
- 1926 Thomas Jefferson, Meriwether Lewis, and William Clark, Missouri State Capitol, Jefferson City, Missouri
- 1930 Abraham Lincoln Memorial (Jersey City, New Jersey, and Syracuse, New York, 1930)
- 1936 Second Division Memorial, The Ellipse, Washington, D.C.
- 1940 Equestrian Statue of Theodore Roosevelt, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West, Manhattan, New York (In 2022 it was removed from the American Museum of Natural History of New York to be transferred to the Roosevelt National Library that will open in 2026 in North Dakota)
- 1947 Albert Gallatin, Treasury Building, Washington, D.C.
- 1948 Benjamin Franklin Statue, Franklin Insurance Company, Springfield, Illinois
- 1949 Thomas A. Edison Statue, Greenfield Village, Dearborn, Michigan
- 1950 Harvey S. Firestone Memorial, Akron, Ohio
- 1951 General George S. Patton, Jr., United States Military Academy, West Point, New York, and Hatch Shell, Boston, Massachusetts
- 1951 Music and Harvest, The Arts of Peace, Washington, D.C.
- 1951 Aspiration and Literature, The Arts of Peace, Washington, D.C.
Selected architectural sculpture
- 1928 Discoverers and Pioneers, Michigan Avenue Bridge, Chicago
- 1929 Robert Todd Lincoln Sarcophagus, Arlington National Cemetery, Arlington, Virginia
- 1932 William Howard Taft Monument, Arlington National Cemetery, Washington, D.C.
- 1934 Pediments for the Department of Commerce Building, Washington, D.C.
- 1935 Recorder of the Archive (pediment), National Archives Building, Washington, D.C.
- 1935 Heritage and Guardianship, National Archives Building, Washington, D.C.
- 1935 Contemplation of Justice and Authority of Law, United States Supreme Court Building, Washington, D.C.
- 1940 Attic figures of Meriwether Lewis, George Rogers Clark, Daniel Boone and John James Audubon, American Museum of Natural History, New York City
- 1913 Design of the Buffalo nickel
- 1919 Design of the World War I Victory Medal (United States)
- 1925, Norse-American medal
- Thomas E. Luebke, ed., Civic Art: A Centennial History of the U.S. Commission of Fine Arts (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Commission of Fine Arts, 2013): Appendix B, p. 544.
- "Meadowlark Gallery: The Artist Biographies".
- "Meadowlark Gallery: The Artist Biographies".
- "James Earle Fraser". Fine Art May 2007. Rago Arts and Auction Center. Archived from the original on July 15, 2011.
- "James Earle Fraser". Olympedia. Retrieved July 29, 2020.
- "Waupun Sculptures". Waupun-wisconsin.com. June 23, 1929. Retrieved March 21, 2012.
- James Earle and Laura Gardin Fraser Papers
- "FRASER". Nationalcowboymuseum.org. Retrieved March 21, 2012.
- James Earle Fraser in: Dakota Discovery Museum Archived March 21, 2014, at the Wayback Machine, retrieved March 21, 2014.
- Obituary in The New York Times, CAPTAIN WYNN BAGNALL, Canadian War Hero Buried Here With Military Honors, MARCH 12, 1931, p. 8
- Cooke, Dana (December 21, 2009). "A different Lincoln From the Maxwell Perspective". Maxwell Perspective/Inside SU. Syracuse University. Archived from the original on June 10, 2010. Retrieved March 22, 2021.
- Buckley, Madeleine (April 24, 2016). "Explore the SU campus through these 6 historic statues". The Daily Orange. Retrieved March 22, 2021.
- Haley, Kathleen (July 18, 2016). "Iconic Lincoln Statue on Campus Gets an Upgrade". SU News. Retrieved March 22, 2021.
- "Arts of War and Peace". JGWA Architects. September 26, 1951. Retrieved March 21


text:
Students are the reason that Jesuit Academy exists! We think it's important that you meet them and learn about the things Jesuit students are accomplishing in the classroom and in their communities. Look forward to a student feature each month.
This month, we introduce you to 7th grader Henry. For the past two summers, Henry has led tours of the Great Plains Black History Museum's exhibit of the Negro Baseball League. This exhibit was put on in conjunction with the College World Series.
Henry first found out about the opportunity in 5th grade. Students across Omaha were asked to read the book Black Diamond: The Story of the Negro Baseball Leagues and then write a 500 word essay. Students were then interviewed, with only 12 students selected to be tour guides. Henry was the only student from a private school selected. Henry served as a tour guide in the summers prior to 6th and 7th grade.
Henry likes everything about being a tour guide. The most famous person he has given a tour to is Omaha City Councilman Ben Gray.
Should the exhibit return for another year, Henry will be back on the job and looking forward to your visit.
Great job Henry!
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text:
Politics and tax morale. the role of trust, values, and beliefs, in shaping individual attitudes towards tax compliance.
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Traditional models of tax evasion cannot explain why most people comply with their taxes. It has been proposed that taxpayers may have an intrinsic motivation (or willingness) to comply with taxes - Tax Morale. Empirical studies found that trusting government, upholding religious beliefs, and supporting democratic regimes, increase individual Tax Morale. Based on those results and drawing from related literature in Political Science, this study tests the role of trusting government institutions delivering public goods to taxpayers, ideological beliefs, individual support for political regimes, and upholding post-materialist values, on Tax Morale. Results for individuals living in democratic countries show a positive relationship between trust in government institutions and upholding democratic values on Tax Morale; a negative relationship between upholding ideological (conservative) beliefs and Tax Morale, and no relationship between upholding post-materialist values and Tax Morale. Results for individuals living under non-democratic regimes differ in some respects; whereas support for democracy is related with higher Tax Morale, other results - trust in government and ideological beliefs - differ from theoretical expectations. Overall, higher trust in government increases willingness to comply with taxes, and support for democracy elicits higher Tax Morale.


Bluehost India Web Hosting Help
How to Share your Backup with Professional Services
Sharing a Backup with DropBox
 1. Navigate to
 If you do not have an account, you will need to create one to proceed.
 2. Once logged in, you will see a section to the top right that will allow you to upload content.
 - If you have an entire folder, then select Upload Folder.
 - If you have a single archive file, such as a.zip or.tar, then select Upload File.
 3. That will open a standard File Explorer; find the backup and select it for upload.
 4. Once it has uploaded, you will need to make it shareable. Hovering over the item will expose a Share button.
 5. Click the Share button, then click Create link in the bottom corner to generate the link for this file.
 6. Once the link has been generated, click Copy link, then send it back to Professional Services in response to their email.
Sharing a Backup with Google Drive
 1. Navigate to
 If you are not logged in to a Google account, find the button that says Go to Google Drive and log in there. If you don't have a Google account we recommend using DropBox instead.
 2. If you haven't already uploaded your backup, click the New option in the top right-hand corner of your Google Dashboard.
 - If you have a single file, such as a.zip or a.tar, select File Upload and use the File Explorer that pops up to select the file.
 - If you are providing the files in a folder, select Folder Upload and use the File Explorer that pops up to select the folder.
 3. Once uploaded, the item will need to be made shareable with anyone that has the link. Right-click on the item and then click Get Shareable Link.
 4. Clicking that button will prompt another pop up that lists some details about the item. From here, you will need to click Sharing Settings.
 5. Another box will pop up where you can select who has access to the item; select Anyone with the link can edit from the drop-down.
 If you are using a company GSuite account, you may need to click More in that drop-down to share it outside of your company.
 6. The final step is to click Copy Link, and send that link to Professional Services in your response to their email.
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Create nested repeaters in your form and integrate them into other lists in two minutes, using SPARK Forms Builder without the need to write a single line of code.
SPARK Forms Builder provides you a great controls such as Advanced Nested Repeaters, which is compatible with SharePoint 2019,2016, 2013 and Office 365 as well.
Repeaters represents repeating sections containing groups of controls that may need to be duplicated. A typical use is an expenses form where each row is an expense item. You only need to set up the controls once, and you will view them at runtime as one row, which can be replicated when users click "Add Item" icon in the repeater. In each column in the repeater, you can create a summary that performs various functions, such as counting the number of items or calculating the totals of values for each row. You can easily perform actions on the sections, like disabling or hiding the controls within each row.
With out-of-the-box SPARK functions, you can easily retrieve values from internal and external lists and represents (generates) them into a repeater at runtime. You can add row(s), delete row(s) to/from a repeater, you can show/hide "Add Item", you can show/hide Delete button, you can get number of rows in a repeater and much more. The designer can create unlimited number of nested repeaters, save their data to a column as an XML string structure, or through mapping them to other master - details lists.


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 What is Hancock MINT?
 Hancock MINT (Mobile Intake) is a mobile application that connects to the Hancock Cloud (HC) and enables the user to work offline to collect new building data through the creation of files or to edit existing building data. Using MINT, Auditors can create instant Proposals offline at the customer site to instantly show costs and savings.
 Using one-step synchronization, the user uploads all data and Proposals from the MINT app to the HC, which then become immediately available to all appropriate users within their organization. The HC online portal allows organizations to continue expanding on files and Proposals, changing or adding to the building data, and collecting multiple Proposals to apply for incentives.
 When installing MINT for the first time, various universal items catalogs are uploaded. These can be used to automatically populate relevant information in your files.
 MINT hosts files, created by the user, which act as containers for all the building information collected. Each file offers a File Overview screen, providing quick access to client information, directions to the site, and the ability to call the client. It also consists of the following main areas, each briefly discussed below. All information is collected offline. No internet connection is needed.
 Files: Building data collections. Files can be created directly on the MINT app or can be created in HEEC and downloaded to the MINT app. Existing Files assigned to the logged-in User and 'In Progress' will be downloaded to the MINT app. Files marked 'Done' are uploaded from the MINT app and removed from the local device.
 Items: Items consist of individual or groups of objects that have properties of energy consumption. Items, such as lighting fixtures, are populated using a search catalog or recently used items from previous collections.
 Areas: You can break down sections of a building. This can be an entire floor or broken down into specific areas, like bathroom, office, etc.
 Building Info: This section provides information gathered about the building including the building type, total area, year built, and utility billing information such as electricity, oil, water, etc.
 Notes Summary: MINT is able to capture multimedia images of the building. In this section, you can take photos of the building, floor layouts, rooms, fixtures, etc. You can also add helpful notes to the pictures.
 Operating Schedules: This summarizes the operating schedules you created within your areas.
 Attachments: You can attach helpful information, such as spreadsheets, reports, etc.
 Proposals: Using this feature allows you to instantly make changes to the building information and create a Proposal showing the instant cost savings that you can share with your customer immediately while still onsite.
 To-Do List: You can keep a running to-do list for each file, easily seen and ready to update as needed.
 After collecting all the data and generating proposals, the user syncs the files to the Hancock Energy Cloud online portal.
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024 - Sony RX (Remote Control - Receive)
Summary - Listen for / Receive Sony Infrared Messages
Syntax:
24 <BYTE2> <BYTE3> <BYTE4> (decimal format)
Where:
BYTE1: 24 (the command)
BYTE2: Speed of the LED display.
 0 = display off
 01= very fast
 30 = slow
BYTE2: 01 = Decimal Output
BYTE2: 02 = ASCII Output
BYTE2: 03 = ASCII Output - Delimited
(Not that of this is set outside these parameters (1-3) then no output will be transmitted)
BYTE4: 0= single shot or 255=continuous
Response from IRCF360:
Decimal format: <DEVICE CODE> <BUTTON CODE>
Ascii Format: DEVICE_CODE = <DEVICE CODE> BUTTON_CODE = <BUTTON CODE> (Carrage return)
Ascii Delimited: <DEVICE CODE> ; <BUTTON CODE>; (Carrage return)
Circular Display Feedback:
For each message received the circular display will display a pattern called "swipe". See videos for demonstration.
Description:
Receive Sony (SIRC) IR Commands and output results to serial port as two-bytes in decimal, ascii or ascii delimited format. This is can be used for receiving IR signals from other IRCF360 modules or other IR devices.
The IRCF360 will listen for Sony (SIRC 12-bit) IR messages. The returned data from the IRCF360 consists of two bytes, the 'Device' byte containing the type of remote used. i.e. TV, Video etc, and the 'Command byte' containing the actual button value pressed. The order of the bytes is Command (low byte) then System (high byte).
This command can be used also for receiving infrared remote control commands that control your robot. See videos
Technical Features
The IRCF360 receives a 12-bit infrared package which is split between button code and device code. Sony also use a 15-bit version which does not work correctly with this command as 3 bits of information will be missing. See "Principle of IR remote control" for more details
Example Code:
For PICAXE
In this PICAXE example, the remote control button and device code are sent to the programmers transmit pin (SERTXD(" Button= ",#ButtonCode," Device= ",#DeviceCode, " ") which is then displayed on the PC screen in the terminal program.
This demonstrates that the remote control data could also be sent to PC and interpreted by software running on PC. It could therefore be possible to control a PC using this device.
Note that in this example the display is turned off (BYTE2 =0). This makes the reception of remote control commands very fast. As most rmote control devices usually repeat the same command based on how long a button is pressed, the IRCF360 will receive these repeated command. To slow this down turn on the display to 1 for fast or 30 for slower.
PICAXE Example
SONY_RX:
SEROUT b.2,T9600_8, (24,0,1,255)
LOOPING:
SERIN 2,T9600_8, ButtonCode,DeviceCode
SERTXD("Button= ",#ButtonCode," Device= ",#DeviceCode, CR)
GOTO LOOPING
For Basic Stamp
Basic Stamp Example
SEROUT 2, 84, [23,4,1,0]
SERIN 2, 84, TIMEOUT, [N, NE, E, SE, S, SW, W, NW]
The following code is an example of how the received results can be interpreted by the robot controller to turn the robot left, right, forward, backward or stop.
Example PICAXE code
Remote Control demo - using a remote control to turning a robot left or right based on
the button pressed. In this case button code 49 is right and button code 48 is left. The device code was ignored.
SONY_RX:
'SEROUT b.2,T9600_8, (10,0,0,0) ' 'turn on echo
SEROUT b.2,T9600_8, (24,1,0,255) ' Send Sony Command - continuous
'SERIN 2,T9600_8, b12 'Capture the echo
'if b12 <> 24 then goto LOOPING 'keep looping until a message is received
LOOPING:
SERIN 2,T9600_8, ButtonCode,DeviceCode
SERTXD("Button= ",#ButtonCode," Device= ",#DeviceCode, 13) ' Send the results to the terminal scree
'SEROUT b.2,T9600_8, (11,0,0,0)
If ButtonCode = 49 then Gosub Turn_right_sony
IF ButtonCode=48 then Gosub Turn_left_sony
ButtonCode=0 ' reset button code
GOTO LOOPING
Here is another example, but this time the LED's on the Circular diplay are illuninated according the the button that was pressed on the remote control (see the video below)
Command 24 + 40 - Sony Remote Control
SONY_RX:
SEROUT b.2,T9600_8, (24,1,1,0)

SERIN 2,T9600_8,DeviceCode, ButtonCode
SERTXD("Button= ",#ButtonCode," Device= ",#DeviceCode, CR)
 IF ButtonCode = 49 then
 SEROUT b.2,T9600_8, (40,2,255,255) 'Flash the east LED
 SEROUT b.2,T9600_8, (11,0,0,0)
 PAUSE1000
 ENDIF
 IF ButtonCode = 48 then
 SEROUT b.2,T9600_8, (72,0,6,255) 'Flash the West LED
 SEROUT b.2,T9600_8, (11,0,0,0)
 PAUSE 1000
 ENDIF

GOTO SONY_RX
Videos:
Using Remote Control to control LED on Circular Display
Demo of Command 24 using Sony Remote Control and connection to a PC


text:
We need to prune and trim the guava tree regularly to encourage the growth of large, high-quality guava at the edges of the trees.
Normally guava trees has to be trimmed between November and December during winter season and between March and April during spring season.
While pruning the guava tree we should select a single trunk, and 3 to 4 lateral branches and remove all other shoots
Also Prune out crossing and inward-heading branches.
While pruning the guava tree, make sure you cut the lateral branches in an angle so that so water doesn't stand on it and cause damage to the branches.
After completing pruning for guava tree, make sure you fertilize the guave tree with organic cattle compost and we can expect guava harvest in the next five months
Prune your guava tree every six months to maintain its symmetry and remove excessive growth.
Also remove Diseased branches and suckers can be removed at any time of year.
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Organic Farming in India
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How To Enable PBO On MSI Motherboard
How To Enable PBO On MSI Motherboard
To enable Precision Boost Overdrive (PBO) on an MSI motherboard, first enter the BIOS, navigate to the "OC" or "Overclocking" menu, and look for the PBO option. Enable it and adjust the settings to your preference. Save your changes and exit the BIOS to activate PBO.
Precision Boost Overdrive is AMD's automatic "overclocking" system that will boost the clock frequency on one or more cores as high as they can safely go at any given time. Even as straightforward as it may sound, the process involved in enabling
PBO, especially on an MSI motherboard, can be confusing.
You also want to remember that this action can increase CPU temperatures and require additional cooling measures because this overclocking system considers voltage, heat, and power amount.
In the rest of this article, I will show you the step-by-step process to enable PBO on your MSI motherboard. First, we must understand how safe or ideal it is to enable PBO on your motherboard.
Is it ideal to enable PBO on the MSI motherboard?
The answer is yes and no. Enabling PBO on your motherboard will give you extra performance in FPS games. So it is ideal to enable this system if you run things like gaming. Conversely, you won't miss out on anything when PBO is disabled if you do tasks like basic computing, rendering, or encoding.
So, it depends on your usage.
For example, in my case, I use a Ryzen 5600x/3080 combo, and enabling Precision Boost Overdrive in the BIOS environment of my MSI motherboard increased my Port Royal score from 10500 to 11400.
While you can get a boosted clock frequency from activating PBO on your motherboard, you should also ensure adequate cooling and ventilation.
P.S.: I use the Hwinfo64 program to check the temperature of your CPU and various other components. So I recommend it.
The PBO is better left "off" if you want your system to use less power and run quieter, but the tradeoff is a little improved performance.
How to enable PBO on MSI Motherboard: Step-by-step
If you are familiar with the BIOS interface on the MSI motherboard, things will look a lot easier. In this section, you will see how to enable PBO and verify if it's enabled. These steps apply if you use other motherboard brands too.
Meanwhile, there are ways to enable the PBO from the Ryzen Master, but doing it through the BIOS seems a popular option that many get confused about.
Here's how to go about it:
Step 1: Restart your system.
Step 2: As your system boots, continuously press the DEL key to access BIOS (some MSI motherboard models may require different critical prompts for this function, but it leads to the same results)
Step 3: Once you're in the BIOS, find and select the "Overclocking Settings." On my MSI B450 Tomahawk, this option is located on the far left side of the screen.
Step 4: Inside the "overclocking settings," select "Advanced CPU configurations"
Step 5: This will lead you to the interface where you will find the Precision Boost Overdrive (PBO) option
Step 6: By default, this function is set to 'Auto"
Step 7: Change it to "Enable" and press F10 to save your changes. By now, your system should have restarted.
Once your PC boots, go to the Ryzen master to confirm that the OC mode is set to PBO.
What happens after you enable the PBO on the MSI motherboard?
Enabling the PBO mode changes the Package Power Tracking (PTT), the Thermal Design Current (TDC), and of course, the Electrical Design Current (EDC).
That said, the PBO allows the CPU or motherboard to run the CPU to specific limits for boosting. It is perfectly safe to run and will not harm anything.
While conducting stability testing is crucial when implementing a new system, enabling PBO on your system won't require additional testing beyond what you would typically perform.
Other options include the curve optimizer, which is part of PBO2. The curve optimizer allows you to make a voltage offset, typically negative, to reduce temperatures and increase performance, particularly in
multi-core scenarios.
While not necessary, using the curve optimizer can result in more performance gains.
Meanwhile, the curve optimizer offers two options: set the same value for all cores or set a value for each core individually.
I prefer to keep it simple and set the same value for all cores. I recommend testing each setting for every core to ensure stability, but not everyone has the time for that.
The bottom line is that you should consider your specific needs and workloads before implementing PBO and Curve Optimizer on your MSI system.
What is the difference between PBO and PB?
Ryzen desktop processors integrated Precision Boost Overdrive, starting from the Threadripper chips.
However, it is essential to note that Ryzen 3000 employs Precision Boost 2.
There is often confusion between Precision Boost Overdrive and Precision Boost, two separate entities.
Unlike Precision Boost, which boosts a limited number of cores when possible, Precision Boost Overdrive offers different features.
While Precision Boost considers three factors—PPT, TDC, and EDC—along with temperature and the chip's maximum boost clock to determine the number of cores that can boost, Precision Boost Overdrive requires manual activation. It is not enabled on a stock CPU.
Also, Precision Boost Overdrive does not exceed the advertised CPU clock frequency, which is a crucial point often misconstrued.
Despite the confusion, it is clear that Precision Boost Overdrive offers an additional
layer of control and customization for Ryzen desktop processors, making them even more versatile and efficient.
But is enabling PBO on the MSI motherboard worth it?
PBO allows more power to flow through the CPU, which is controlled by temperature and limiters.
For instance, I recall running PBO at default settings and the CPU having higher voltages and more watts at 75 degrees than 85 degrees on a 5900X.
Shifting away from the MSI gist, PBO is not enabled by default on the Dark.
Unlike Precision Boost (PB), the hero motherboard is always enabled by default.
Neither the Dark Hero with a 5900X nor the Aorus Elite with a 5800X/X570 board enable it by default. AMD has set a 142W limit for PBO, so it is unlikely that anyone can use PBO by default.
My findings…
I found that the default PBO gains were insufficient to justify its use.
Instead, I opted for the default PB for everyday usage. I only overclock my system to test its limits and see results before returning to the motherboard and GPU defaults.
In my testing with borderline stable overclocks the maximum gains in particular case scenarios were at most 10%, with PBO only providing a 6-7% increase in all-core workloads, accompanied by a temperature increase of around 20 degrees Celsius.
With PBO enabled, I achieved a 7% performance gain, averaging at around 74 degrees Celsius, approximately 4.6 GHz all-core frequency, and 211 watts of power consumption.
On the other hand, with PB only, my system remained stable at high-end cooling with pumps and fans running at high speeds, averaging around 55 degrees Celsius, approximately 4.3 GHz all-core frequency, and 140 W power consumption.
What this should mean to you
When it comes to overclocking, there are two ways to go about it:
 - Either switch on amps to all cores and set different voltages and frequencies for your CCDs
 - Or use Precision Boost Overdrive (PBO) with Curve Optimizer.
However, we can conclude that other motherboards besides MSI (and perhaps the Dark Hero) have amp-switching capabilities.
Using PBO alone can be underwhelming. Most gains will be in heavy
workloads where most cores are used, such as in encoding or encryption.
For gaming, default PB will yield similar or slightly better results, as PBO may cause a decrease in single-core performance, while PB can boost relatively high on a few core loads, with the GPU often being the limiting factor.
While the MSI motherboard (the X570-A PRO, for example) has overbuilt VRMs that aren't an issue, some other motherboards may have low VRM capacity or inadequate cooling, making it essential to monitor VRM temperatures when using PBO.
Parting words
In a nutshell, enabling Precision Boost Overdrive (PBO) on an MSI motherboard is a simple and effective way to boost your CPU's performance.
However, as with any overclocking or performance-enhancing feature, caution should be exercised to avoid damaging your hardware. Keep an eye on your CPU temperatures and ensure that your cooling system can handle the additional load.
With suitable adjustments and proper monitoring, PBO can unlock your processor's full potential and take your system to the next level.
So try it, but remember: with great power comes great responsibility (and great CPU temperatures).
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:
 - name: http
 port: 80
 protocol: TCP
 targetPort: http
 - name: https
 port: 443
 protocol: TCP
 targetPort: https
 - name: metrics
 port: 1936
 protocol: TCP
 targetPort: 1936
 selector:
 _URL_-ingresscontroller: default
 sessionAffinity: None
 type: LoadBalancer (2)
 1 Ensure that this value is descriptive, like router-external-default.
 2 Ensure that this value is LoadBalancer.
You can delete timestamps and other information that is irrelevant to load balancing.
 1. From a command line, create a service from the external_router.yaml file:
 $ oc apply -f external_router.yaml
 2. Verify that the external IP address of the service is the same as the one that is associated with the load balancer:
 1. On a command line, retrieve the external IP address of the service:
 $ oc -n openshift-ingress get svc
 Example output
 NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
 router-external-default LoadBalancer 172.30.235.33 10.46.22.161 80:30112/TCP,443:32359/TCP,1936:30317/TCP 3m38s
 router-internal-default ClusterIP 172.30.115.123 <none> 80/TCP,443/TCP,1936/TCP 22h
 2. Retrieve the IP address of the load balancer:
 $ openstack loadbalancer list | grep router-external
 Example output
 | 21bf6afe-b498-4a16-a958-3229e83c002c | openshift-ingress/router-external-default | 66f3816acf1b431691b8d132cc9d793c | 172.30.235.33 | ACTIVE | octavia |
 3. Verify that the addresses you retrieved in the previous steps are associated with each other in the floating IP list:
 $ openstack floating ip list | grep 172.30.235.33
 Example output
 | e2f80e97-8266-4b69-8636-e58bacf1879e | 10.46.22.161 | 172.30.235.33 | 655e7122-806a-4e0a-a104-220c6e17bda6 | a565e55a-99e7-4d15-b4df-f9d7ee8c9deb | 66f3816acf1b431691b8d132cc9d793c |
You can now use the value of EXTERNAL-IP as the new Ingress address.
If Kuryr uses the Octavia Amphora driver, all traffic is routed through a single Amphora virtual machine (VM).
You can repeat this procedure to create additional load balancers, which can alleviate the bottleneck.
Configuring an external load balancer
You can configure an OpenShift Container Platform cluster on Red Hat OpenStack Platform (RHOSP) to use an external load balancer in place of the default load balancer.
Prerequisites
 - On your load balancer, TCP over ports 6443, 443, and 80 must be available to any users of your system.
 - Load balance the API port, 6443, between each of the control plane nodes.
 - Load balance the application ports, 443 and 80, between all of the compute nodes.
 - On your load balancer, port 22623, which is used to serve ignition startup configurations to nodes, is not exposed outside of the cluster.
 - Your load balancer must be able to access every machine in your cluster. Methods to allow this access include:
 - Attaching the load balancer to the cluster's machine subnet.
 - Attaching floating IP addresses to machines that use the load balancer.
External load balancing services and the control plane nodes must run on the same L2 network, and on the same VLAN when using VLANs to route traffic between the load balancing services and the control plane nodes.
Procedure
 1. Enable access to the cluster from your load balancer on ports 6443, 443, and 80.
 As an example, note this HAProxy configuration:
 A section of a sample HAProxy configuration
 ...
 listen my-cluster-api-6443
 bind 0.0.0.0:6443
 mode tcp
 balance roundrobin
 server my-cluster-master-2 192.0.2.2:6443 check
 server my-cluster-master-0 192.0.2.3:6443 check
 server my-cluster-master-1 192.0.2.1:6443 check
 listen my-cluster-apps-443
 bind 0.0.0.0:443
 mode tcp
 balance roundrobin
 server my-cluster-worker-0 192.0.2.6:443 check
 server my-cluster-worker-1 192.0.2.5:443 check
 server my-cluster-worker-2 192.0.2.4:443 check
 listen my-cluster-apps-80
 bind 0.0.0.0:80
 mode tcp
 balance roundrobin
 server my-cluster-worker-0 192.0.2.7:80 check
 server my-cluster-worker-1 192.0.2.9:80 check
 server my-cluster-worker-2 192.0.2.8:80 check
 2. Add records to your DNS server for the cluster API and apps over the load balancer. For example:
 <load_balancer_ip_address> api.<cluster_name>.<base_domain>
 <load_balancer_ip_address> apps.<cluster_name>.<base_domain>
 3. From a command line, use curl to verify that the external load balancer and DNS configuration are operational.
 1. Verify that the cluster API is accessible:
 $ curl https://<loadbalancer_ip_address>:6443/version --insecure
 If the configuration is correct, you receive a JSON object in response:
 {
 "major": "1",
 "minor": "11+",
 "gitVersion": "v1.11.0+ad103ed",
 "gitCommit": "ad103ed",
 "gitTreeState": "clean",
 "buildDate": "2019-01-09T06:44:10Z",
 "goVersion": "go1.10.3",
 "compiler": "gc",
 "platform": "linux/amd64"
 }
 2. Verify that cluster applications are accessible:
 You can also verify application accessibility by opening the OpenShift Container Platform console in a web browser.
 $ curl _URL_.<cluster_name>.<base_domain> -I -L --insecure
 If the configuration is correct, you receive an HTTP response:
 HTTP/1.1 302 Found
 content-length: 0
 location: _URL_.<cluster-name>.<base domain>/
 cache-control: no-cacheHTTP/1.1 200 OK
 referrer-policy: strict-origin-when-cross-origin
 set-cookie: csrf-token=39HoZgztDnzjJkq/JuLJMeoKNXlfiVv2YgZc09c3TBOBU4NI6kDXaJH1LdicNhN1UsQWzon4Dor9GWGfopaTEQ==; Path=/; Secure
 x-content-type-options: nosniff
 x-dns-prefetch-control: off
 x-frame-options: DENY
 x-xss-protection: 1; mode=block
 date: Tue, 17 Nov 2020 08:42:10 GMT
 content-type: text/html; charset=utf-8
 set-cookie: 1e2670d92730b515ce3a1bb65da45062=9b714eb87e93cf34853e87a92d6894be; path=/; HttpOnly; Secure; SameSite=None
 cache-control: private


Failure Modes of Rolling Bearing - Plastic Deformation
zys
Failure Modes of Rolling Bearing - Plastic Deformation
Source: ZYS Published:2022-05-16
Plastic deformation is the permanent deformation that occurs when the stress exceeds the yield strength of the material. It generally occurs in two different ways:
1. Macroscopically, the contact load between the rolling elements and the raceway causes yielding to occur over most of the contact trajectory.
2. Microscopically, the foreign object is rolled between the rolling elements and the raceway, and yielding occurs only in a small part of the contact trajectory.
Prev: Performance and characteristics of angular contact ball bearings Next: The general information of low temperature bearing


text:
Asymmetric Introspection and Extrospection
Posted by The Situationist Staff on November 5, 2009
Situationist Contributor Emily Pronin recently wrote a very helpful primer on her work on the difference between "How We See Ourselves and How We See Others," which she published in Science. Here's the abstract.
* * *
People see themselves differently from how they see others. They are immersed in their own sensations, emotions, and cognitions at the same time that their experience of others is dominated by what can be observed externally. This basic asymmetry has broad consequences. It leads people to judge themselves and their own behavior differently from how they judge others and those others behavior. Often, those differences produce disagreement and conflict. Understanding the psychological basis of those differences may help mitigate some of their negative effects.
* * *
In case you're not already familiar with Pronin's work, we recommend it highly. You can download the above article (as well as a many of her other publications) on her website (here).
This entry was posted on November 5, 2009 at 12:07 am and is filed under Abstracts, Conflict, Illusions, Life, Naive Cynicism, Situationist Contributors, Social Psychology. Tagged: Emily Pronin. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can leave a response, or trackback from your own site.


text:
|Join FONZ to receive Smithsonian Zoogoer in your mailbox!|
Sidebar: To Cut or Not to Cut?
Common cuttlefish (Mehgan Murphy/NZP)
Veterinarians prescribed oral antibiotics for a common cuttlefish in 2007 after its right cornea became inflamed. The medication was injected into the cuttlefish's food—a shrimp—daily. Several days later, there was no sign of infection.
Yet the veterinary team also discovered that the cuttlefish had cataracts in both eyes. That raised a tough question: Should the vets operate? The zoo's veterinary team is capable of operating on cuttlefish, which they sedate by putting anesthetic in the water. But surgery always involves some stress and risk for the patient.The veterinarians decided against operating. Cuttlefish cataracts are often a sign of aging, and these creatures rarely make it past the ripe old age of two. So surgery would be an invasive, risky option with little chance of long-term benefits. The animal's quality of life, veterinarians concluded, would be better served by letting nature take its course
If you have a comment about Smithsonian Zoogoer magazine, please email it to us.Smithsonian Zoogoer 40(1) 2011. Copyright 2010 Friends of the National Zoo. All rights reserved.


Is a number Power of Two
Last week, I was reading through an article written by Bill Venners (don't read this now). Though the purpose of the article is to highlight some of the key interviewing techniques, I was excited by Josh Bloch question, "Finding is a number power of 2".
After finding few answers other than the one mentioned in the above article, I put the same question to some of my colleagues/friends. Most of them (99% of people, including me) immediately came up with the following answer "recursive (Number/2)==0, then power of 2" or continuous multiplication with 2 gives that number, as shown below
int number = 8;
int tempNumber = 1;
 System.out.println("Power of");
 System.out.println("Not a power of");
Yes, the above solve the problem in hand, but is this an efficient one? Will this work for large numbers or gives overflow issues? For sure I can't see this solution as an efficient one. So I contacted my genius friend Sree. Not to the surprise, he came up with a more efficient solution. I and 99% of my friends have seen the problem in decimal but Sree has seen it in bits. Without further ado let us see the (one line) code
 System.out.println(((number&(number-1))==0)?"Power of":"Not a power of");
Hope you too accept it to be more efficient than mine  One other solution proposed by Josh Bloch in the article (now read it) is
System.out.println(((number&(-number))==number)?"Power of":"Not a power of");
Which answer you came up with? Hey did you come up with some new one? Let us know the same.
One Response
 1. fiddling with operators and bits..
 if bitwise X-OR of number and -number == 0, then power or 2. Else, Not a power of 2.
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text:
The main difference between certain spectral problems for linear Schrödinger operators, e.g. the almost Mathieu equation, and three-term recurrence relations for orthogonal polynomials is that in the former the index ranges across ℤ and in the latter only across ℤ+. We present a technique that, by a mixture of Dirichlet and Taylor expansions, translates the almost Mathieu equation and its generalizations to three term recurrence relations. This opens up the possibility of exploiting the full power of the theory of orthogonal polynomials in the analysis of Schrödinger spectra.
Aforementioned three-term recurrence relations share the property that their coefficients are almost periodic. In the special case when they form a periodic sequence, the support can be explicitly identified by a technique due to Geronimus. The more difficult problem, when the recurrence is almost periodic but fails to be periodic, is still open and we report partial results.
The main promise of the technique of this article is that it can be extended to deal with multivariate extensions of the almost Mathieu equations. However, important theoretical questions need be answered before it can be implemented to the analysis of the spectral problem for Schrödinger operators.
Kato Clarification cosB Lora
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Berezanski Yu. M. Expansions in Eigenfunctions of Self-Adjoint Operators. Amer. Math. Soc., Providence, RI, 1968.Google Scholar
Chihara T. S. An Introduction to Orthogonal Polynomials. Gordon amp; Breach, New York, 1978.MATHGoogle Scholar
Cycon H. L., Froese R. G., Kirsch W., Simon B. Schrödinger Operators. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1987.MATHGoogle Scholar
Derfel G. A., Molchanov S. A. Spectral methods in the theory of differential-functional equations. MatematichesJce Zametki Akad. Nauk USSR, No. 3 47: 42–51, 1990.MathSciNetGoogle Scholar
Gaspar G., Rahman M. Basic Hypergeometric Series. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1990.Google Scholar
Geronimo J. S., van Assche W. Orthogonal polynomials with asymptotically periodic recurrence coefficients. J. Approx. Th., 46: 251–283, 1986.MATHCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Geronimo J. S., van Assche W. Orthogonal polynomials on several intervals via a polynomial mapping. Transactions Amer. Math. Soc., 308: 559–581, 1988.MATHCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Geronimus Yu. L. On some finite difference equations and corresponding systems of orthogonal polynomials. Zap. Mat. Otd. Fiz.-Mat. Fak. i Kharkov Mat. Obsc., 25 (4): 87–100, 1957.Google Scholar
Gesztesy F., Holden H., Simon B., Zhao Z. Trace formulae and inverse spectral theory for Schrödinger operators. Bull. Amer. Math. Soc., 29: 250–255, 1993.MathSciNetMATHCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grosjean C. C. The measure induced by orthogonal polynomials satisfying a recurrence formula with either constant or periodic coefficients. Part II: Pure or mixed periodic coefficients. Acad. Koninkl. Acad. Wetensch. Lett. Sch. Kunsten Belgie, 48 (5): 55–94, 1986.MathSciNetGoogle Scholar
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Henrici P. Applied and Computational Complex Analysis, Volume III. Wiley Interscience, New York, 1986.MATHGoogle Scholar
Hofstadter D. R. Energy levels and wave functions of Bloch electrons in a rational or irrational magnetic field. Phys. Rev. B, 14: 2239–2249, 1976.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Iserles A. On the generalized pantograph functional-differential equation. Europ. J. Appl. Math., 4: 1–38, 1993.MathSciNetMATHGoogle Scholar
Iserles A., Liu Y. On pantograph integro-differential equations. DAMTP Tech. Rep. 1993/NA13, University of Cambridge 1993. To appear in J. Integral Eqns amp; Appls.Google Scholar
Last Y. A relation between a. c. spectrum of ergodic Jacobi matrices and the spectra of periodic approximants. Comm. Math. Phys., 155: 183–192, 1993.MathSciNetCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Last Y. Zero measure spectrum for the almost Mathieu operator. Tech. Rep., Technion, Haifa, 1993.Google Scholar
Máté A., Nevai P., van Assche W. The supports of measures associated with orthogonal polynomials and the spectra of the related self-adjoint operators. Rocky Mntn J. Maths, 21: 501–527, 1991.MATHCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nikisin E. M. Discrete Sturm-Liouville operators and some problems of function theory. J. Soviet Math., 35: 2679–2744, 1986.CrossRefGoogle Scholar


text:
Taper angle influence on liner positioning
The angle of the inner taper of the acetabular shell seems to have a significant influence on the placement of a ceramic liner in the cup and the dissociation force when removing it. For the study reported by Lee et al. three experienced high-volume arthroplasty surgeons participated in a ceramic-liner insertion test with two types of acetabular shells: 1) standard 18° taper, 2) multi-bearing option shell with 10° taper angle.
Each surgeon used three metal shells of each design and 30 ceramic liners (BIOLOX®delta). The metal shells were press-fit into sawbones blocks. For the push-out experiment the components were assembled manually and impacted with a 2 kN compression force. A load was applied through the hole at the apex of the shell and the maximum force to disassembly was recorded.
There was no malseating with the 18° taper, but all the participating surgeons experienced several malseated liners with the 10° taper. The dissociation force from the 10° taper (1,148.8 N) was almost three times higher than with 18° shells (389.7 N). The authors conclude that multibearing acetabular shells have several advantages. However, the authors caution about malplacement of ceramic liners when using a multi-bearing metal shell with a 10° taper, which may negatively affect the outcome of using all-ceramic bearings.
Removal of ceramic liner
For the rare event of revision of a ceramic liner, Pitto describes a simple procedure: "Using a metallic impactor placed along the external rim of the cup, the surgeon can hit the metal cup's rim with a robust hammer blow. The ceramic liner will dissociate from the internal metal surface. A sharp tool will be necessary to elevate the loosened ceramic liner from the cup margin." The author states that there may be a few acetabular designs that require more than one hammer blow to achieve liner dissociation.
According to the author, elasto-dynamic compressive stress waves, which are initiated by the impact on the rim of the metal shell cause the dissociation. The stress waves are reflected at physical boundaries and transformed into tensile stress waves. These, if they exceed the local stresses resulting from friction and adhesion at the taper junction, will lead to a separation at the taper interface. The author stresses the importance of choosing compatible components, because "using a wrong liner can result in a disaster. Never mix and match!"
Economic impact of PJI in THA
In a presentation at the last ISTA Congress, Akindolire et al. evaluated the economic burden of PJI on Canadian healthcare. They matched primary and two-stage PJI revision THA cases for age and BMI, recording all costs associated with each procedure. They concluded that septic revision is a significant economic burden to the healthcare system. Compared to primary THA the data show a fivefold increase in healthcare costs.
_URL_-abstract-book/ISTA2016BostonAbstracts.pdf (Abstract #4646)
Consequences of tribocorrosion
Also at ISTA 2016, McGrory and Hussey gave an update about their ongoing study on the consequences of adverse local tissue reaction (ALTR) for 1,356 consecutive patients with metal-on-polyethylene THA. They found symptomatic mechanically assisted crevice corrosion (MACC) present in 2.9% of their patients. Of these, 56% have already undergone revision surgery, while the remaining 44% opted for ongoing surveillance. Over time, these patients show increasing metal ion levels. The authors consider introducing baseline metal ion serum estimation also in asymptomatic patients.
_URL_-abstract-book/ISTA2016BostonAbstracts.pdf (Abstract #4774)
Reasons for post-operative fracture of BIOLOX®delta inserts
Ceramic vs. revision burden
Regarding the general revision burden, using a ceramic head is cost-effective in many cases because of the reduction of revisions of THA with ceramic heads. Carnes et al. focused on the factors of implant price difference in the USA and patient age. At a cost differential of US$ 325, ceramic-on-polyethylene bearings are more cost-effective than metal-on-polyethylene for patients under the age of 85. At US$ 600, cost-effectiveness is reached for patients under 65 years. If the difference is US$ 1,003 or above, cost-effectiveness cannot be reached.
The authors used Markov modeling to estimate the national cost burden of choosing CoP vs. MoP implants for primary total hip arthroplasty. The Premier Research Database was used to identify 20,398 patients with a minimum age of 45 years who underwent total hip arthroplasty in 2012.


- Racist Mural Puts Tate Galleries in a Bind
 Portions of a Rex Whistler mural in the Tate's restaurant contain racially offensive images. The work as a whole is protected by British heritage laws and can't be altered, putting the museum in a bind between preservation and cultural sensitivity.
 - Museums as Monuments to White Supremacy
 by Ana Lucia Araujo
 Recent protest and scholarship have highlighted the knowledge of major cultural institutions that artifacts in their collections were looted from Africa and other colonized places, and support calls to repatriate the artifacts.


text:
From 2D to 3D Bifurcation Structures in Field Oriented Control of a PMSM
- *Corresponding Author:
- Wahid Souhail
Electrical Engineering Department
National Engineering School of Monastir Monestir
Ibn al Jazar 5019, Tunisia
E-mail: [email protected]
Received Date: August 30, 2016; Accepted Date: September 09, 2016; Published Date: September 16, 2016
Citation: Souhail W, Khamari H, Mimouni MF (2016) From 2D to 3D Bifurcation Structures in Field Oriented Control of a PMSM. J Electr Electron Syst 5: 196. doi: 10.4172/2332-0796._PHONE_
Copyright: © 2016 Souhail W, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
This paper presents new aspects of bifurcation structures in a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine (PMSM) in both motor and generator operating modes. It considers the case where the PMSM speed is regulated with a Field-oriented control (FOC). A period doubling bifurcation cascade under the variation of a proportional control parameter leading to chaotic states, was identified. The investigation of parametric singularities allows us to identify a complex bifurcation structure including three generic bifurcations. Such structure is made of the Limit Point (LP), the Hopf (H) and the Bogdanov-Takens (BT) bifurcation sets. Sufficient conditions of the existence of the main bifurcations are given analytically. An overview of the phase space singularities associated to the parametric singularities is presented. Moreover, embedding 2D bifurcation sets in a 3D parametric space, led to identify certain bifurcation surface structures. The bifurcation surfaces established correspond to limit point bifurcation for the motor and generator operating mode, and for period doubling period bifurcation. The 3D bifurcation sets play an important role to study the combined effect of three different parameters on the PMSM dynamics, and permit to control the complex PMSM dynamics to a stable equilibrium dot by an adequate tuning of either control and system parameters.


text:
From late Middle English saggen, probably of Scandinavian/Old Norse origin (compare Norwegian sagga ("move slowly")); probably akin to Danish and Norwegian sakke, Swedish sacka, Icelandic sakka, Old Norse sokkva. Cf. also Low German sacken, Dutch zakken.
sag (plural sags)
- The state of sinking or bending; sagging.
- The difference in elevation of a wire, cable, chain or rope suspended between two consecutive points.
- The difference height or depth between the vertex and the rim of a curved surface, specifically used for optical elements such as a mirror or lens.
- To sink, in the middle, by its weight or under applied pressure, below a horizontal line or plane; as, a line or cable supported by its ends sags, though tightly drawn; the floor of a room sags; hence, to lean, give way, or settle from a vertical position; as, a building may sag one way or another; a door sags on its hinges.
- (figuratively) To lose firmness, elasticity, vigor, or a thriving state; to sink; to droop; to flag; to bend; to yield, as the mind or spirits, under the pressure of care, trouble, doubt, or the like; to be unsettled or unbalanced.
- To loiter in walking; to idle along; to drag or droop heavily.
- (transitive) To cause to bend or give way; to load.
- (informal) To wear one's trousers so that their top is well below the waist.
- For usage examples of this term, see the citations page.
From Dutch zacht.
- IPA: /sɐχ/
- IPA: /saːɡ/, [sæːˀj]
From the verb saga ("to saw").
From Latin sagum.
- IPA: /sâːɡ/
sȃg m (Cyrillic spelling са̑г)
|vocative||sagu / saže||sagove|


sysctl Command in Linux with Examples
August 24, 2023
Introduction
Linux administrators use the sysctl command to read or modify kernel parameters at runtime. The option to control and modify networking, I/O operations, and memory management settings in real-time, without performing a reboot, is essential for high-availability systems.
Find out how to use the sysctl command and its options to tweak system performance on the fly.
Linux admin using the sysctl command to manage kernel parameters.
Prerequisites
 - A user account with root or sudo privileges.
 - Access to a command line/terminal window.
Note: Modifying kernel parameters affects system behavior, performance, and security. Always test parameter changes in a controlled environment, like a virtual machine, before applying them to production systems.
sysctl Command Syntax
Linux kernel parameters are in the proc/sys/ directory. The sysctl command allows admins to make structured changes to these parameters and retain the changes on reboots without interacting with /proc/sys/ files directly.
The sysctl command in Linux has the following syntax:
sysctl [options] [variable[=value] ...]
Note: In command-line syntax, square brackets [] typically indicate that a parameter is optional.
 - sysctl - The command name.
 - [options] - The command accepts optional flags to customize the behavior.
 - [variable] - The name of the kernel parameter you want sysctl to read or modify. Enter a variable without a value to read the current value of the variable only.
 - [=value] - If the command contains a variable, you can assign a value to the variable. Entering a value will set the new value for the variable.
 - ... - The three full stops mean it's possible to specify multiple variable=value pairs in a single sysctl command.
The sysctl syntax is flexible and allows users to enter the command with or without options, read existing values, or define new values for specific kernel parameters.
sysctl Command Options
The following table provides a breakdown of the standard sysctl options:
OPTIONDESCRIPTION
-aDisplay all variables and values.
-nDisplay only values for specified variables.
-eDo not display errors for non-existent variables.
-w [parameter]=[value]Change the value for the specified variable.
-p [file]Load values from the specified configuration file. The system loads values from the /etc/sysctl.conf file by default if no file is provided.
-qError messages for stdout kernel parameter values are suppressed.
-fLoad settings from all system configuration files.
-r [pattern]Only list variables that match the defined pattern.
-VDisplay the sysctl version.
sysctl Command Examples
Note: Only a sudo or root user can modify parameter values. Read actions usually do not require sudo or root privileges.
The following commands showcase some of the basic sysctl command functionalities:
1. Show All Kernel Parameters
Review all kernel parameters and their current values using the -a option:
sysctl -a
List all kernel parameters using the sysctl command.
2. Display Parameter Names without Values
Use the following command to display parameter names without their values:
sysctl -a -N
Only display kernel parameter names using sysctl.
3. Search for Specific Parameters
Combine the -a option and the grep utility to search for a specific kernel parameter. The following command searches for all parameters related to IPv6 routing:
sudo sysctl -a | grep net.ipv6.route
Search kernel parameters by name using sysctl.
4. Display a Specific Parameter Value
Use the sysctl command and the kernel parameter name to display its value. The following command displays the swappiness value of the system:
sysctl vm.swappiness
Display swappiness in Linux using sysctl command.
5. Display Value Without Parameter Name
If you need to retrieve the parameter value without its name, for example, for scripting purposes, utilize the -n option:
sysctl -n vm.swappiness
Retrieve only the kernel parameter value using sysctl.
6. Modify a Parameter Value
The -w option enables users to modify an existing kernel parameter value. The following command sets the swappiness value to 30:
sudo sysctl -w vm.swappiness=30
Modify Linux kernel parameter value using the sysctl command.
The system's swappiness level influences the kernel's behavior toward swapping.
7. Load Configuration from Default File
Use the -p option to reload default values from the /etc/sysctl.conf and /etc/sysctl.d/ files:
sysctl -p
There is no output, and the values are reloaded without a reboot.
8. Load Configuration from Custom File
Enter the following command to load settings from a custom config file:
sysctl -p [/path/to/custom-sysctl.conf]
Replace [/path/to/custom-sysctl.conf/] with the actual path to your configuration file.
9. Load All System Configuration Files
The -f option is used to load values from all system configuration locations:
sysctl -f
The system loads settings from the following configuration files: /run/sysctl.d/*.conf, /etc/sysctl.d/*.conf, /usr/local/lib/sysctl.d/*.conf, /usr/lib/sysctl.d/*.conf, /lib/sysctl.d/*.conf, and /etc/sysctl.conf.
10. Suppress Error Messages for Non-Existent Parameters
Omitting errors for non-existent parameters results in a cleaner output and reduces unnecessary noise in logs. Use the -q option to suppress error messages for a specified parameter:
sysctl -q [non_existent_parameter]
Replace [non_existent_parameter] with the actual name of the variable.
Conclusion
You know how the sysctl command works, its syntax, and options, and you have tested several rudimentary commands.
Sysctl is not the only command you can use to manage kernel parameters in Linux. Read our article on using the modprobe command to add or remove kernel modules.
Was this article helpful?
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Vladimir Kaplarevic
Vladimir is a resident Tech Writer at phoenixNAP. He has more than 7 years of experience in implementing e-commerce and online payment solutions with various global IT services providers. His articles aim to instill a passion for innovative technologies in others by providing practical advice and using an engaging writing style.
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Views: 275
Last Modified: 21.03.2022
Logic for LIMIT
Intuitive standby for LIMIT logic:
 $iblockEntity = IblockTable::compileEntity(…);

 $query = $iblockEntity->getDataClass()::query()
 ->addSelect('NAME')
 ->addSelect('MULTI_PROP_1')
 ->setLimit(5);
 $elements = $query->fetchCollection();
You may not expect to get 5 items in this example. The retrieved data limit is indicated at the SQL query level, not at the object level:
 SELECT ... FROM 'b_iblock_element'
 LEFT JOIN 'b_iblock_element_property' ...
 LIMIT 5
In fact, retrieving 5 property values with corresponding items results in error. That's why the retrieved selection may contain less than 5 items, or a single item without partially fetched property values.
Field selection for relations in a single query
Selecting several relation fields in a single query results in Cartesian join for all records. For example:
 $iblockEntity = IblockTable::compileEntity(…);

 $query = $iblockEntity->getDataClass()::query()
 ->addSelect('NAME')
 ->addSelect('MULTI_PROP_1')
 ->addSelect('MULTI_PROP_2')
 ->addSelect('MULTI_PROP_3');

 $elements = $query->fetchCollection();
Executes the following query:
 SELECT ... FROM 'b_iblock_element'
 LEFT JOIN 'b_iblock_element_property' ... // 15 property values
 LEFT JOIN 'b_iblock_element_property' ... // 7 property values
 LEFT JOIN 'b_iblock_element_property' ... // 11 property values
And if intuitively it seems that 15 + 7 + 11 = 33 strings are retrieved, in fact, retrieves 15 * 7 * 11 = 1155 strings. In cases when query contains a lot more properties or values, the resulting records count can be in millions, subsequently leading to the insufficient app's memory for getting a complete result.
Solving the issues
To avoid such issues, the following class Bitrix\Main\ORM\Query\QueryHelper was added along with a universal method decompose:
 /**
 ** Query decomposition with relations 1:N and N:M
 **
 ** @param Query $query
 ** @param bool $fairLimit. Setting this option first selects object IDs and the following query selects the rest of data with ID filter
 ** @param bool $separateRelations. Each 1:N or N:M relation is selected using separate queries under this option
 ** @return Collection
 **/
 public static function decompose(Query $query, $fairLimit = true, $separateRelations = true)
Parameter fairLimit leads to two queries: first, selects record primary with query-defined Limit / Offset, and then all relations are selected by a single query for all primary.
Additional parameter separateRelations allows executing a separate query per each relation, to avoid Cartesian join for all records.
Returns a complete object collection with already merged data as the result.
Courses developed by Bitrix24


text:
Artificial ground surfaces (pitches) containing recycled rubber tyre crumb have been used for a range of sports and other recreational uses for several decades. However, concern has been raised over the potential link between the use of these artificial pitches and a range of adverse health outcomes, particularly cancers. Much of the concern relates to chemical substances potentially contained within the rubber granulate infill.
A number of reviews have been conducted of the potential health impacts of tyre crumb in sports pitches (Norwegian Institute of Public Health and the Radium Hospital 2006, New York State Department of Health 2009, Washington State Department of Health 2017). Two of the most significant and recent reviews of the chemical risks posed by rubber infill to human health have been published by the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA, 2017) and the National Institute for Public Health in the Netherlands (RIVM, 2017).
Health Protection Scotland (HPS) has considered the findings of these reviews in order to assess the evidence on the potential health impacts of rubber tyre crumb used in artificial ground surfaces.


1
I would like to count number of layers in a stack with value equal to raster pixel value. Here is my current try:
r1 <- calc(s, fun=function(x){sum(x == r)})
I get two errors
Error in FUN(newX[, i], ...) : unused argument (na.rm = TRUE)
and
Error: cannot allocate vector of size 1.9 Mb
Where I'm going wrong?
2
 - how is r defined?
 – obrl_soil
 Dec 11, 2018 at 9:49
 - r is a raster file while s is a raster stack @obrl_soil
 – jmutua
 Dec 11, 2018 at 11:12
1 Answer 1
1
Yeah ok, raster::calc() only operates on a single object, so your formula is essentially trying to total up all the occasions where one of your stack's cells equals a whole raster, which is never.
Try this: first, stack r and s. This means each pixel in the output stack becomes a vector where element 1 is the reference value and the rest are comparison values. Then run calc on that object, with a function like
function(x) {
 comp <- x[1]
 main <- x[2:length(x)]
 length(main[main == comp])
}
This should return a raster where each cell is a count of how many stack layers equal the overlying reference cell value.
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Table view errors
When working with a table view, if an error occurs, a message displays. Below is the list of table view errors, a description of each error, and suggestions on how to resolve the error.
Error type
The following are the three general types of errors for table views:
Error typeCause and solution
Failed to open table.
The table view does not display. Check the status and accessibility of the underlying data.
Failed to load data.
The table view can't load content from its data source as displayed rows. Check the accessibility of the data, especially if the data is on a shared drive or database server.
Failed to refresh table.
The table view can't reload its content. If the table view is currently displayed, it will automatically close.
Error details
Usually a table view error message includes details about what caused the error. A full list of error messages and potential solutions are listed in the following table:
Error detailCause and solution
Failed to apply the table selection.
The selection set could not be applied to the content in the table view. Confirm that all feature edits and data loading processes are completed.
The table fields were not found.
The data schema of the table and the data no longer match. Confirm that all schema edits are completed.
Table initialization error.
There was an internal error while initializing the table, possibly in a referenced software component. Try closing and opening the application.
An invalid row ID encountered.
The table view does not recognize the row ID, most likely because there are more or fewer rows than expected. Confirm that all feature edits and data loading processes are completed.
The table's OID field was not found.
A table view requires a unique object identifier (OID) value per row, and the data does not contain one. This error can occur with certain data types, especially from nondatabase sources such as comma-delimited text (.csv) files. Update the data by either adding an OID field or converting it to a different format, such as DBF or file geodatabase, which will add the OID field automatically.
Failed to retrieve a row.
A row could not be pulled from the table view. Try closing and opening the application and confirm that data values are not corrupted.
The layer or standalone table was not found.
The layer or stand-alone table cannot be found in the current map. Try closing and opening the application and confirm that data values are not corrupted.
Failed to create temporary table.
The temporary table could not be created on your machine, possibly due to disk space or permissions. Confirm disk space and permissions, and try again.
The database table for a field was not found.
To better support subtypes and domains on joined tables, the database table is referenced for each field. The database table for a field could not be found. Try closing and opening the application, or re-create the join.
The database table was not found.
The database table could not be found in the current project. Try closing and opening the application without saving the project. You may need to reference the content back into the project.
Failed to create the table cursor.
An error occurred searching the database and a cursor could not iterate.
Failed to create a page cursor.
An error occurred searching the database while acquiring a page of data.
The page cursor's OID field was not found.
An error occurred after searching the database and obtaining the OID field from the page cursor.
Failed to retrieve a page of rows.
An error occurred while retrieving a page of rows.
The table project was not found.
The project for the table was not found. Try closing and opening the application.
The table session was not found.
The table made a request after the table was closed. Try opening the table and performing the task you attempted before the error occurred.
Failed to create the sorted table cursor.
An error occurred when performing a sorted search on the database.
[Database error]
When core database errors are encountered, the error description displays. Search for the error number in the help system to troubleshoot the issue.
Related topics
In this topic
 1. Error type
 2. Error details