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Problem Details
The idea of the problem is to find out how long it would take to flush the Great Lakes of pollution. They're set up as a series of five tanks and you are given inflow rates of clean water, inflow rates from the other tanks, and outflow rates.
For our model, we make the following assumptions:
 1. The volume of each lake remains constant.
 2. The flow rates are constant throughout the year.
 3. When a liquid enters the lake, perfect mixing occurs and the pollutants are uniformly distributed.
 4. Pollutants are dissolved in the water and enter or leave by inflow or outflow of solution.
Before using this model to obtain estimates on the cleanup times for the lakes, we consider some simpler models:
 - (a) Use the outflow rates given in the figure to determine the time it would take to "drain" each lake. This gives a lower bound on how long it would take to remove all the pollutants.
 - (b) A better estimate is obtained by assuming that each lake is a separate tank with only clean water flowing in. Use this approach to determine how long it would take the pollution level in each lake to be reduced to 50% of its original level. How long would it take to reduce the pollution to 5% of its original level?
 - (c) Finally, to take into account the fact that pollution from one lake flows into the next lake in the chain, use the entire multiple compartment model given in the figure to determine when the pollution level in each lake has been reduced to 50% of its original level, assuming pollution has ceased (that is, inflows not from a lake are clean water). Assume that all the lakes initially have the same pollution concentration $p$. How long would it take for the pollution to be reduced to 5% of its original level?
Great Lakeshttp://img856.imageshack.us/img856/8329/6p2z.png
Solution so far:
$\frac{dA}{dt}$ = rate in-rate out where $A$ is the amount of pollution at time $t$.
First I wrote equations for each lake. Rather than using $A$ as my variable, I used the first letter of each lake (with $n$ for Ontario) to stand for the amount of pollution in the given lake at time $t$. This gives...
$\frac{ds}{dt} = \frac{-15s}{2900} $
$\frac{dm}{dt} = \frac{-38m}{1180} $
$\frac{dh}{dt} = \frac{15s}{2900} + \frac{38m}{1180} - \frac{68h}{850} $
$\frac{de}{dt} = \frac{68h}{850} - \frac{85e}{116} $
$\frac{dn}{dt} = \frac{85e}{116} - \frac{99n}{393} $
Rearranging and pulling out the differential operator leads to the following system:
$(D + \frac{38}{1180})[m] = 0 $
$(D - \frac{68}{850})[h] + \frac{38m}{1180} - \frac{15s}{2900}=0 $
$(D + \frac{15}{2900})[s] = 0 $
$(D + \frac{85}{116})[e] - \frac{68h}{850} = 0 $
$(D + \frac{99}{393})[n] - \frac{85e}{116} = 0 $
This is where I'm stuck. I have this system of five equations with five variables. It seems like it should be fairly straightforward to solve from here, but I can't figure out what to do next.
share|improve this question
By the way, this problem comes from Nagle, Saff, and Snider, "Fundamentals of Differential Equations", chapter 5, group project E. – Teepeemm Apr 8 at 19:40
2 Answers 2
up vote 1 down vote accepted
Just for the sake of brevity, I have converted all the fractions into decimal form ie
$\frac{38}{1180} = 0.0322$
$\frac{68}{850} = 0.0800 $
$\frac{15}{2900} = 0.0051$
$\frac{85}{116} = 0.7327$
$\frac{99}{393} = 0.2519$
I am going to use the Laplace method for converting these differential equations into algebraic equations, thereby we will solve the equations and get the Laplace transforms of $S,H,M,E$ and $N$ and then take the inverse Laplace transforms of these to get the final equations of pollution for these lakes. Now $s(0) = h(0) = m(0) = e(0) = n(0) = p$, since the initial conditions are same for all the lakes.
Therfore using Laplace notation we have,
$sS - s(0) + 0.0051S = 0 $
Therfore $S = \frac{p}{s+.0051}$
Similarly we have $ M = \frac{p}{s+0.0322}$
Now for (2) differential equation we have
Applying Laplace we will have
$ H = \frac{-.0322p}{(s+.0322)(s+.08)}\frac{.0051p}{(s+.0051)(s+.08)}+\frac{p}{(s+.08)}$
Similarly, you can plug in this value of $H$ in the remaining differential equations ( along with the value of $M$ and $S$ found previously to find the Laplace expressions for $E$ and $N$, and then take the Laplace inverse of all and you will get the equations for all lakes.
Now for getting $5\%$ time, just put $0.05p$ and equate it to get $t$ for each case.
share|improve this answer
So to get the 5% time I do 0.05p and for 50% it's 0.5p? – Contourette. Dec 9 '13 at 10:03
Yes you have to put $0.05p$ for 5% and $0.5p$ for 50%. – AbKDs Dec 10 '13 at 0:44
I haven't studied Laplace yet so could you give me an idea of Paul Safier's answer? I've commented to his solution. – Contourette. Dec 10 '13 at 9:49
I will definitely give a try :)! – AbKDs Dec 10 '13 at 10:52
_USER_, I realised the equations that you have written and we have subsequently solved are for part (c). Actually in part (b) says to just assume separate tanks, ie no pollution comes in only it goes out. Say for Ontario the equations will be $\frac{dn}{dt} = \frac{-99}{393}n$ ie no incoming flow of pollution (only outgoing pollution). So (b) part is very straightforward. The solutions me and Paul Safier have written are for part (c). – AbKDs Dec 10 '13 at 14:50
Now that you have your system of differential equations defined, you can start solving them. The equations for $s(t)$ and $m(t)$ are not coupled so you can solve those first. All equations have the initial condition of $p$ amount of polutant. After you solve for $s(t)$ and $m(t)$ (and let me know if this is a problem) you can plug in those to the equations for $h(t)$. After you have $h(t)$ you can get $e(t)$ and finally $n(t)$. Then for each equation plug in $0.05 p$ for the concentration and solve for $t$ to determine the time it takes for the concentration in each lake to drop to 5% of the original concentration.
For example, the solution of $s(t)$ is: $$ s(t)=p e^{-\frac{15}{2900}t}. $$ Setting $s=0.05p$ and solving for time gives $t=579$. Do the same for the others.
Does this help any?
Paul Safier
share|improve this answer
Okay so I have some uncertainties while solving. As you said I computed the $s(t)$ and $m(t)$ and replaced in $h(t)$. Though when computing $h(t)$ I got really large numbers and I'm not sure if it's correct. Then another question I have is about b). So to compute the time to reduce to 5% you said it's $0.05p$ so that means for 50% is $0.5p$? And for the question at c), I don't really understand what it asks. I mean, the input of a lake is equal to the output ( taking into consideration the clean water) so I have no idea what it asks.I edited the requirements adding last 2 lines to c. Thanks – Contourette. Dec 7 '13 at 12:58
A reason you are getting


High House to Stafford Castle Doorstep Walk
 Length of walk: Approx 4 miles
 Duration of walk: Approx 2-4 hours
 Good place to start: Ancient High House, Greengate Street
 Notes: Can be muddy
 1. Turn left down St Mary's Lane, cross the road and walk towards the railway station. However, immediately after crossing the River Sow take the path, left, down under the bridge and follow the riverside path in the direction of Broadeye Windmill.
 2. When the river bends right, use the ramp on the left to reach the road. Turn right, then left at the junction and pass over the railway bridge by. Detour left if desired to the new lake.
 3. Otherwise walk straight on along the tarmac path to the gate, then turn right and walk along the perimeter road of Castlefields estate to reach a farm lane. Go forward along the lane for about 150m, then join the cycle track which follows the former Stafford - Wellington railway line.
 4. At the next barrier rejoin the farm lane, on your left, and pass an old farmhouse. Continue uphill for 50m or so, turn left along a green lane to reach a wooded area on your right.
 5. Turn right here, pass a pool on your left and walk directly uphill along the field boundary towards the Castle.
 6. On reaching the edge of Castle Woods, turn left over a stile and follow the path round to the Visitor Centre. From this point take the recommended route round the Castle trail.
 7. Head back down the main drive of the Castle. At the gate turn left and follow the path along the edge of the wood to the stile near the sunken way. Then bear slightly right to a stile by trees at the top of the golf course. Return to town along the path beside the Golf course. Retrace your steps through Castletown to the river and continue along the riverside path through Victoria Park.
 8. Cross Mill Bank at the pedestrian crossing, walk up Water Street and then Church Lane. Turn right past St. Mary's Church to return to the High House.
 If you notice any changes with the walk, please make a note of the number and what the change is and email it over to us so we can make sure the directions are up to date.
 To print the walk details above, right click and print or go to file and print. Alternatively if you would like a hard copy of the Doorstep Walks pack please email your request with your name and address to _EMAIL_
 A to Z of Services


text:
Were Cavemen bisexuals?
Archeologists have discovered 3,000-year-old rock carvings that indicate habitants during that time may have been bisexuals, Gay Star News reports.
The Kangjiashimenji Petroglyphs, the rock carvings that were discovered in a remote region in northwest China in the 80s, show that bisexuality may have been normal thousands of years ago. Archaeologist Wang Binghua found the carvings but not much has been written about them. But in a new article by Mary Mycio of Slate Magazine, the writer says the carvings show 100 figures displaying bisexuality.
"The few scholars who have studied the petroglyphs think that the larger-than-life hourglass figures that begin the tableau symbolize females," Mycio writes. "They have stylized triangular torsos, shapely hips and legs, and they wear conical headdresses with wispy decorations. Male images are smaller triangles with stick legs and bare heads. Ithyphallic is archeology-talk for 'erect penis,' and nearly all of the males have one."
She goes on to stay that there is a third set of figures, which appear to be bisexual. "Combining elements of males and females, they are ithyphallic but wear female headwear, a decoration on the chest, and sometimes a mask. They might be shamans," Mycio writes.
Mycio also describes four "scenes" where nine large women and two smaller men dance hysterically "around a large ithyphallic bisexual about to penetrate a small hourglass female with an explicit vulva." In another scene, "a second bisexual in a monkey mask is about to penetrate a small, faceless female" and another shows "a chorus line of infants emerges from a small female being penetrated simultaneously by a male and a bisexual while three more ithyphallic males await their turn."
The last scene does not show any women at all.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Hobby horses as a hobby
From Elävä perintö -wiki
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Hobby horses as a hobby
Location Finland
Tags hobbyhorses, crafts, sports, hobbies, children, young people, riding, keppihevoset, lapset, nuoret, harrastukset
Practitioners and people who know the tradition well
Thousands of children and young people all around Finland are hobby horse enthusiasts. They are usually of school age or older, and the nature of the hobby usually depends on the enthusiast's age and the aspect of the hobby they are interested in. Commonly, people who no longer feel like they play with hobby horses but instead participate in the hobby regularly and in a goal-oriented way are considered to be hobby horse enthusiasts. There is no accurate information about how many enthusiasts the hobby has, because only a few have reported on listings or are members of an association. According to the most optimistic estimates, Finland alone may have more than 10,000 enthusiasts.
Hobby horse activities are promoted by the Finnish Hobbyhorse Association (Suomen Keppihevosharrastajat ry).
Practising of the tradition
Hobby horse eating orange leaves.
Hobby horse enjoying fall. Photo: Kht Kultatähti.
Hobby horses represent an extremely versatile hobby, and everyone can pick the parts they want, creating a hobby they like best. Essential parts of it include making the hobby horses, riding, communality, and competitions. The hobby mimics riding live horses, and in fact, you can practise all aspects of riding with a hobby horse.
Hobby horses as a hobby are based on the enthusiasts' own initiative, which makes the hobby very free-form. There are no hard and fast rules: anyone can enjoy the hobby in the way they like. Hobby horses are also suitable for people who cannot or do not want to ride. Others organise competitions, training events and coaching.
Almost all hobby horse enthusiasts make hobby horses in the course of their hobby. You can make a hobby horse in any way you can imagine: sock horses are made out of socks, felt horses are felted, and traditional fabric horses are sewn out of fabric. Fabric horses are often divided into two-and three-piece horses, depending on whether a middle piece has been used to make the hobby horse or not. The horses are also divided into those with and without a mouth. Many enthusiasts focus on making and selling hobby horses, and they try to create horses that are as realistic as possible.
You can practise any kind of equestrian sport with a hobby horse. Traditionally, the most popular sports have been show jumping and dressage.
Hobby horse enthusiast jumping over a hurdle.
Show jumping. Photo: Peltohaan talli.
In show jumping, the horse and the rider jump over a set show-jumping course, and faults are received for any railings that are knocked over. The classes can be judged based on time or style. In dressage, participants are judged on the ability of the horse and the rider to complete a predetermined programme as accurately and realistically as possible, just like riders with live horses.
In addition to competitions, hobby horse enthusiasts also organise coaching events and camps for each other in different parts of Finland. Most events are organised by children and young people, and at other times, they are organised by clubs or associations. The Finnish Hobbyhorse Association organises Finnish national championships in show jumping and dressage for hobby horses every year.
Enthusiasts keep in touch with each other via social media, and they meet at events and competitions. Online shows and competitions are also an important part of the hobby.
The background and history of the tradition
Children have played with hobby horses for millennia. In the late 1900s, the game started to become a hobby in small concentrated areas in different parts of Finland. In the early 2000s, hobby horse enthusiasts started to gather together in online discussion forums and websites. An unofficial hobby horse association was established in 2004, and it was later registered as Suomen Keppihevosharrastajat ry (the Finnish Hobbyhorse Association). As social media became more popular, hobby horses spread out further and further over the internet, and the general public became more aware of them.
The transmission of the tradition
Many enthusiasts riding their hobby horses.
Hobby horses at Narinkkatori. Photo: Pompeii Sporthorses.
Most of the hobby horse activities take place online, where the enthusiasts meet, share tips and agree on meetings. For the younger generations, social media is a natural channel for sharing information and learning about the hobby, while also passing on the hobby horse tradition. Hobby horse competitions, camps, lessons and coaching play an important part in passing on skills and knowledge. The Finnish Hobbyhorse Association also offers its members training and information about the hobby.
The future of the tradition
The number of hobby horse enthusiasts has grown rapidly in the recent years, and that number shows no sign of diminishing. With the lists it keeps, the Finnish Hobbyhorse Association aims to map the number of enthusiasts and offer a hub where they can meet. The enthusiasm of hobby horse enthusiasts is also increased by the annual show jumping and dressage championships for hobby horses; the association has organised them since 2012.
The community/communities behind this submission.
Bibliography and links to external sources of information
The community/communities behind this submission.
The Finnish Hobbyhorse Association: Suomen Keppihevosharrastajat ry
Bibliography and links to external sources of information
Online register for hobbyhorses and wooden horses in Finland
Internet forum for hobbyhorse enthusiasts in Finland
Sinimaaria Kangas, Lucia Stenger 2016: Keppareiden kyydissä - Keppihevosharrastuksen ABC.
Venla-Maria Uutela 2015: Keppari - Keppihevosten maailma. Pieni Karhu.
Venla-Maria Uutela 2013: Keppihevosten varusteet. Pieni Karhu.


text:
Also found in: Thesaurus, Medical, Legal, Acronyms, Encyclopedia, Wikipedia.
Related to veneer: Wood veneer
1. A thin surface layer, as of finely grained wood, glued to a base of inferior material.
2. Any of the thin layers glued together to make plywood.
3. A decorative facing, as of brick.
4. A deceptive, superficial show; a façade: a veneer of friendliness.
tr.v. ve·neered, ve·neer·ing, ve·neers
1. To overlay (a surface) with a thin layer of a fine or decorative material.
2. To glue together (layers of wood) to make plywood.
3. To conceal, as something common or crude, with a deceptively attractive outward show.
[Alteration of obsolete faneering, from German Furnierung, from furnieren, to furnish, veneer, from French fournir, to furnish, from Old French furnir, of Germanic origin; see per in Indo-European roots.]
1. a thin layer of wood, plastic, etc, with a decorative or fine finish that is bonded to the surface of a less expensive material, usually wood
2. a superficial appearance, esp one that is pleasing: a veneer of gentility.
3. any facing material that is applied to a different backing material
4. any one of the layers of wood that is used to form plywood
5. to cover (a surface) with a veneer
6. to bond together (thin layers of wood) to make plywood
7. to conceal (something) under a superficially pleasant surface
[C17: from German furnieren to veneer, from Old French fournir to furnish]
1. a thin layer of wood or other material for facing or inlaying wood.
2. any of the thin layers of wood glued together to form plywood.
3. a facing of a certain material applied to a different one or to a type of construction not ordinarily associated with it.
4. a superficially good or pleasing appearance: a thief with a veneer of respectability.v.t.
5. to overlay or face (wood) with thin sheets of some material, as a fine wood, ivory, or tortoiseshell.
6. to face or cover (an object) with a more desirable material than the existing basic one.
7. to cement (layers of wood veneer) to form plywood.
8. to give a superficially good or pleasing appearance to.
Past participle: veneered
Switch to new thesaurus
|Noun||1.||veneer - coating consisting of a thin layer of superior wood glued to a base of inferior wood|
|2.||veneer - an ornamental coating to a building|
|Verb||1.||veneer - cover with veneer; "veneer the furniture to protect it"|
cover - provide with a covering or cause to be covered; "cover her face with a handkerchief"; "cover the child with a blanket"; "cover the grave with flowers"
n (lit) → Furnier nt; (fig) → Politur f; it's just a veneer → es ist nur Politur or schöner Schein; he had a veneer of respectability → nach außen hin machte er einen sehr ehrbaren Eindruck; the cities with their thin veneer of civilization → die Städte mit ihrem dünnen Lack or Putz der Zivilisation
vt wood → furnieren
n. barniz, enchapado.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Brain Wave
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Brain Wave
first edition cover
Author Poul Anderson
Cover artist Richard Powers
Country United States
Language English
Subject Intelligence
Genre science fiction
Publisher Ballantine
Publication date
Media type Print (Paperback, Hardcover)
Pages 164pp
OCLC _PHONE_
LC Class 54-8910
Brain Wave is a science fiction novel by Poul Anderson first published in serial form in Space Science Fiction in 1953, and then as a novel in 1954. Anderson had said that he could consider it one of his top five books[1] This is one of many science fiction works written at this time on the theme of heightened intelligence.
Plot summary[edit]
At the end of the Cretaceous period the Earth moved into an energy dampening field in space. As long as Earth was in this field all conductors became more insulating. As a result almost all of the life on Earth with neurons died off, causing the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event. The ones that survived passed on their genes for sufficiently capable neurons to deal with the new circumstance. Now in modern times the Earth suddenly moves out of the field. Within weeks all animal life on earth becomes about 5 times as intelligent. The novel goes through the triumphs and tribulations of various people and non-human animals and groups on earth after this event.
The book opens with a lyrical description of a rabbit stuck inside of a trap becoming able to reason his way out. This is a common theme in the book. Animal traps are based on the idea that the animal cannot reason their way out of them. When the animals get the ability to reason they start escaping.
Institutions which seemed to be vital to human society, such as a money economy and centralized government, disappear in North America, while Africans, with the assistance of chimpanzees, overcome colonial rule and Chinese rebel against the Communist government. However, some of the means by which people cope with the "Change" are inventing new anti-scientific religions such as the Third Ba'al or adopting pseudo-science.
Archie Brock[edit]
Archie Brock, one of the main characters in the story, is mentally disabled; when the earth moves out of the field he becomes a genius by pre-change standards. His character is central to the story. Half way through the book he has taken over the farm that he worked on and, with the aid of his dog who now understands simple English and some escaped circus animals (two chimps and an elephant), they successfully run the farm together. Even through his intelligence has increased fivefold, so has everyone else's. He is still considered a relative simpleton, but has very much come to terms with that. In the end when nearly all the humans leave Earth he decides to stay behind as leader of a colony of now sentient animals and formerly mentally disabled people.
Sheila Corinth[edit]
Wife of Peter Corinth. She is a housewife before the change. The first effect she goes through when the change begins is a philosophical realization that her life as a housewife is "better" than her non-conformist friends. Later on she begins to lose her sanity from having to deal daily with the existential crisis. Her story is typical of many people in the book who didn't have the intelligence before the change to know how bad off they had it. Later she goes into her husband's lab to use an electroconvulsive therapy machine there to destroy parts of her brain, bringing her IQ down to about 150, which she is more comfortable with. She leaves Peter and in the last scene we see her introduced to Archie Brock's farm.
Dr. Peter Corinth[edit]
Physics researcher who spent a brief period at Los Alamos in WWII. He is one of the first to understand the change. After the change he experiences an emotional battle to stay loyal to his wife, although he has feelings for another woman in his office. He later becomes a pilot of the spaceship able to explore the galaxy. As part of that exploration, he again crosses into the energy dampening field.
Felix Mandelbaum[edit]
Neighbor of the Corinths. Before the change he is a Jewish executive secretary of a local union. He is 50 years old and was born on the lower East side. Later on he becomes "executive of the world."
Some have argued that the book is too short which might have been a result of editor pressure at the time. For example Thomas M. Wagner[2] writes:
"the book does feel somewhat rushed, as well as heavily edited, and I felt there was more Anderson was wanting to tell me. Anderson focuses his plot on a handful of lead characters"
Reviewer Groff Conklin praised the novel an "original idea... brilliantly carried out" but faulted its "rather fumbling ending."[3] P. Schuyler Miller described Brain Wave as "a brilliant idea that somehow doesn't quite come off."[4] Anthony Boucher praised the novel, saying that "Anderson has worked out in wonderfully logical detail the logical consequences of [his] assumption [and] advanced his speculations with exciting storytelling and moving characterization."[5]
 1. ^ Locus: Poul Anderson interview
 2. ^ SF REVIEWS.NET: Brain Wave / Poul Anderson ☆☆☆
 3. ^ "Galaxy's 5 Star Shelf", Galaxy Science Fiction, September 1954, p.114
 4. ^ "The Reference Library," Astounding Science Fiction, March 1954, pp.154
 5. ^ "Recommended Reading," F&SF, September 1954, p.92.
External links[edit]


text:
Medicaid is the largest payer for maternity care in the United States. The program has an important role to play in improving maternal and perinatal health outcomes. Timely postpartum visits provide an opportunity to assess a woman's physical recovery from pregnancy and childbirth.
Postpartum visits provide an opportunity to address:
- Chronic health conditions, such as diabetes and hypertension
- Mental health status, including postpartum depression
- Family planning, including contraception and inter-conception counseling
Explore the percentage of women delivering a live birth who had a timely postpartum care visit in each state. Higher rates are better on this measure.
The purple dashed line represents the median, or middle, of all values reported.
This measure reports state performance on the percentage of deliveries of live births during the measurement year with a postpartum care visit on or between 21 and 56 days after delivery.
States voluntarily report on Prenatal & Postpartum Care: Postpartum Care (PPC-AD) as part of the Core Set of Adult Health Care Quality Measures. These data show performance rates for states that voluntarily reported the measure using Adult Core Set measure specifications.
The included populations and calculation methods for Adult Core Set measures can vary by state. For example, some states include populations in certain programs, such as beneficiaries covered by Medicaid, but exclude beneficiaries in other programs, such as those dually eligible for Medicare and Medicaid. In addition, states may include beneficiaries in some delivery systems, but exclude other delivery systems. For example, a state may include beneficiaries who are enrolled in managed care, but exclude beneficiaries who are covered on a fee-for-service (FFS) basis. States can also choose to calculate this measure using the administrative or hybrid method. This variation in populations and calculation methods can affect measure performance and comparisons between states.
Source: Mathematica analysis of Medicaid and CHIP Program System (MACPro) reports for the Adult Core Set Federal Fiscal Year (FFY) 2019 reporting cycle as of May 31, 2020; see 2019 Child and Adult Health Care Quality Measures. For more information on the Postpartum Care (PPC-AD) measure, visit Adult Health Care Quality Measures.
The following states did not report data to the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) for this measure: AK, AR, AZ, GA, IA, ID, ME, MT, ND, NE, SD, and VT.
The Adult Core Set specifications include guidance for calculating this measure using the administrative method or the hybrid method. The hybrid method uses a combination of administrative and medical records data to identify services included in the numerator or to determine exclusions from the denominator based on diagnoses or other criteria. Unless otherwise specified, administrative data sources are the state's Medicaid Management Information System (MMIS) and/or data submitted by managed care plans; medical record data sources are paper and/or electronic health records.
Unless otherwise specified:
- States used Adult Core Set specifications, based on National Committee for Quality Assurance (NCQA) 2019 specifications. The following state used NCQA 2018 specifications: OR.
- Denominators are assumed to be the measure-eligible population for states using the administrative method; states using the hybrid method often reported the sample size for the medical chart review rather than the measure-eligible population. Some states reported exclusions from the denominator, as noted in the state-specific comments.
- The measurement period for this measure was November 1, 2017 to November 30, 2018. IN reported data for CY 2018.
ACO = Accountable Care Organization; AHRQ = Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; CCO = Coordinated Care Organization; CHIP = Children's Health Insurance Program; CMS = Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services; CMO = Care Management Organization; CY = Calendar Year; ED = Emergency Department; EHR = Electronic Health Record; EQRO = External Quality Review Organization; FFS = Fee for Service; FFY = Federal Fiscal Year; HEDIS = Healthcare Effectiveness Data and Information Set; HMO = Health Maintenance Organization; ICD = International Classification of Diseases; LOINC = Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes; MACPro = Medicaid and CHIP Program System; MCO = Managed Care Organization; MMIS = Medicaid Management Information System; NCQA = National Committee for Quality Assurance; NR = Not Reported; PCCM = Primary Care Case Management; PCP = Primary Care Practitioner.


text:
MADRID.- The Museo de Arte Contemporáneo
in Madrid opened an exhibition showing how Bartolomé Ross camera portrayed the everyday life of soldiers in the Spanish protectorate of Morocco as well as visits of Alfonso XIII to the colony and meetings between Franco and Millán Astray.
The exhibition offers a look into an agitated period of Spanish history exposed with meticulous formality and documentary responsibility.
Bartolomés Ross photographic legacy covers the historical period that started in the final days of the Moroccan War and the beginning of Primo de Riveras dictatorship, which ended this conflict. His camera recorded the visits of famous figures to the Spanish Protectorate and the meetings between Franco and Millán Astray, founder of the Spanish Foreign Legion. Ros also witnessed the moments prior to the Spanish armys uprising against the Second Republic.
His account of that period captured moments of great historical value but also included scenes from the daily life of anonymous soldiers, who are depicted with an exquisite formal meticulousness and the documentary responsibility that characterised the European photographers of his era. This exhibition highlights the refined personality of his photographic oeuvre and the gaze of a man with liberal convictions who lived through the most tumultuous times in the history of twentieth-century Spain.
Bartolomé Ros (_PHONE_) was born in Cartagena but lived in Ceuta from 1918 until the mid-1950s. It was there that he learned photography and began to document civil and military society. Ros worked for the army photographing military acts and facilities, an activity that he supplemented by contributing to newspapers and magazines such as ABC, Mundo Gráfico and Blanco y Negro. He published a famous photo essay on Spain in the American edition of National Geographic. In the 1930s, he founded Laboratorios Ros, a pioneering company in the distribution and processing of photographic supplies.


, family-based, feel-good values as part of its marketing campaigns, the implementation of bullying practices in order to achieve the strategic objective of profits at all costs, leaves a very bitter taste.
Discussion Questions:
 1. What types of values does the Tim Horton's brand promote in its media campaigns?
 2. From an HR perspective, how should these values present themselves within a Tim Horton's franchise?
 3. How does bullying 'from the top' influence organizational behaviour?
 4. From a values perspective, identify specific changes you would make, as an owner of a Tim Horton's franchise, in order to
 1. comply with the new legislation.
 2. benefit both the employees and the organization.


an:00871157 Zbl 0845.68019 Vukeli??, Tatjana; Ivanovi??, Mirjana Usage of \(S\)-expressions and predicate expressions in procedural programming languages EN Filomat 9, No. 2, 315-324 (1995). 00032581 1995
j
68N15 hash tables; sparse matrices Summary: An extension of a procedural programming language with \(S\)-expressions and predicate expressions is described. Several examples in the field of graph theory, logic and set theory, hash tables, and sparse matrices are presented.


+_PHONE_ 4394
I. C. Little's Alphabet Adventure - Beautiful Phillips
I. C. Little's Alphabet Adventure
I have a vision to create a collection of books for and about handicap-able children. I am the author and creator of I. C. Little, a charming little bear who finds his way around in life.
In this first book, I. C. Little travels through this delightful alphabet journey and enjoys many life experiences. Books featuring disabled characters are important in terms of ensuring that disabled children feel included and accepted. However, it's also important that we convey positive messages to able-bodied peers to understand and help all children learn acceptance and respect. My book collection of I. C. Little and friends teaches children the diverse world of special-needs children. I. C. Little isn't handicapped; he's handicap-able! This loving little bear doesn't point out what people with disabilities can't do but what they can do.
ISBN: 9781490735313
ISBN-10: _PHONE_
Format: PDF
Language: English
Published: 2nd June 2014
Edition Number: 1


What will happen? If the astronaut shoots at his companion in space.
Space has its secrets. We all know that there is no gravity in space. The question is what will happen if there is a dispute between the astronauts and if an astronaut fires a revolver at his companion standing nearby. Will the revolver's bullet reach the nearest target. Will blood come out of the astronaut's body after being shot. Will the astronaut die. Let's try to find answers to all the questions.
astronaut in space
Can a gun be fired in space like the ground?
Graduate from Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee and Mukul Kant, who is researching the mysteries of nature, says that to fire any bullet or bullet, gunpowder or propellant has to be set on fire, due to which with the help of a blast The bullet comes out of the gun very fast. And to the fire we need oxygen, but there is no oxygen in the space. In such a situation, fire cannot happen. If someone presses the trigger of the gun, the miss will be fired.
Is there an option to fire with a gun in space?
But it is not that space cannot be fired. Mukul Kant explains that with the help of artificial oxidizers, the gunpowder can be set on fire and the bullet can be shot. Now if someone shoots a bullet with a gun in space, then because of this, it will know what the effects will be.
What will sound if shot in space?
If we shoot with a gun on earth, as soon as the bullet comes out of the gun then a heavy sound is produced. But due to the vacuum present in the space, there will be no sound on gunshot because the sound waves need some medium to travel and the sound waves in the vacuum cannot travel and due to this without any sound. The bullet will exit the gun.
What will happen if a shotgun blows in space?
When a gun is fired, it causes a shock to the back, which is called the recoiling of the gun. According to physics, due to newton's action-reaction rules and conservation of linear momentum, a backward force is applied when the bullet comes out of the gun. Due to momentum and mass, that backward force is very low, so that we do not have to push far and if we talk about space, then these rules also apply there but due to lack of gravity, we will start swimming backward and our displacement too. It could be a little more. According to a calculation, if the bullet comes out of the gun at a speed of 1000 m / s, the speed of the rear shock due to the backward force will be only a few centimeters/second.
How far will the bullet fired in space go?
Now a very interesting thing. When we shoot at the earth, due to gravity and air friction, it gets some external forces due to which its speed decreases after some time and it stops after traveling a fixed distance.
But if we talk about space, then there is neither gravity nor air which can put external force on the bullet and stop it. Also, due to the expansion of the universe, that is, due to the expansion of the universe, it will take several million light-years time for the bullet to go from one place to another. To make it simple and simple, the bullet will travel for infinite time and will not stop until an asteroid or a planet comes in its way.


Stoplight Golight
Stoplight Golight
Made for kids, the Stoplight Golight helps everyone manage time! The concept is easily understood by all ages. Children as young as 2 years old can remember that the red light means STOP, focus, and complete the task. When the green light comes on, it means time is up, and it's time to GO! Simply set the desired amount of time and press start. The red light illuminates and time starts counting down. When time is up, the green light illuminates. There's even an optional alarm included!
The Stoplight Golight Timer was developed by two sisters, Whitney and Courtney, who are also moms. The catalyst? Daylight savings time — the part of the year when the sun comes up way too early and children wake up even earlier. As moms, their only thought was, How can we get the kids to sleep in later so we can sleep in later? They knew they needed a time indicator that their toddlers could understand.
Aha Moment
A couple of days later, sitting at a stoplight with their kids, one little one piped up, "Red means stop, green means go!" Boom. The concept of the Stoplight Golight Timer was born.
Once the product was created, the sisters quickly realized that it would grow with their children, assisting them with everyday tasks like brushing their teeth, getting ready for school, completing chores, finishing homework, and reading books. Plus, it would come in handy for adults, too, as a way to unplug and unwind while still managing time effectively.
Whitney and Courtney hope that the Stoplight Golight Timer helps you and your family easily manage time throughout the day, night, and many years to come.


Guides
Plan-enterprise-icon
Expo Application Services
API Reference
Permissions
Permissions in standalone and development builds require native build-time configuration before they can be requested using runtime JavaScript code. This is not required when developing projects in the Expo Go app.
Info-icon
If you don't configure or explain the native permissions properly it may result in your app getting rejected or pulled from the stores.
iOS
If your iOS app asks for system permissions from the user, e.g. to use the device's camera, or access photos, Apple requires an explanation for how your app makes use of that data. Most packages will automatically provide a boilerplate reason for a given permission with config plugins. These default messages will most likely need to be tailored to your specific use case in order for your app to be accepted by the App Store.
To set permission messages, use the expo.ios.infoPlist key in your app config (app.json, app.config.js), for example:
{
 "expo": {
 "ios": {
 "infoPlist": {
 "NSCameraUsageDescription": "This app uses the camera to scan barcodes on event tickets."
 }
 }
 }
}
Many of these properties are also directly configurable using the config plugin properties associated with the library that adds them. For example, with expo-media-library you can configure photo permission messages like this:
{
 "expo": {
 "plugins": [
 [
 "expo-media-library",
 {
 "photosPermission": "Allow $(PRODUCT_NAME) to access your photos.",
 "savePhotosPermission": "Allow $(PRODUCT_NAME) to save photos."
 }
 ]
 ]
 }
}
 - Changes to the Info.plist cannot be updated over-the-air, they will only be deployed when you submit a new native binary, eg: with eas build.
 - Apple's official permission message recommendations.
 - All available Info.plist properties.
Triangle-down-icon
Are you using this library in a bare React Native app?
Add and modify the permission message values in Info.plist file directly. We recommend doing this directly in Xcode for autocompletion.
Android
Permissions are configured with the expo.android.permissions and expo.android.blockedPermissions keys in your app config (app.json, app.config.js).
Most permissions are added automatically by libraries that you use in your app either with config plugins or with a package-level AndroidManifest.xml, so you won't often need to use android.permissions to add additional permissions.
The only way to remove permissions that are added by package-level AndroidManifest.xml files is to block them with the expo.android.blockedPermissions property. To do this, specify the full permission name; for example, if you want to remove the audio recording permissions added by expo-av:
{
 "expo": {
 "android": {
 "blockedPermissions": ["android.permission.RECORD_AUDIO"]
 }
 }
}
Triangle-down-icon
Are you using this library in a bare React Native app?
Modify AndroidManifest.xml to exclude specific permissions: add the tools:node="remove" attribute to a <use-permission> tag to ensure it is removed, even if it's included in a library AndroidManifest.xml.
<manifest xmlns:tools="_URL_
 <uses-permission tools:node="remove" android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION" />
</manifest>
Info-icon
You have to define the xmlns:tools attribute on <manifest> before you can use the tools:node attribute on permissions.
Triangle-down-icon
Are you using the classic build system? (expo build:[android|ios])
By default, apps built with the Classic Build system will include all permissions required by any Expo SDK package (with exceptions only for background permissions). This is so that your standalone app will match its behavior in the Expo Go app and simply "work out of the box" no matter what permissions you ask for, with minimal configuration required by the developer.
There are some drawbacks to this. For example, let's say your To-do list app requests CAMERA permission upon installation. Your users may be wary of installing your app since nothing in the app seems to use the camera, so why would it need that permission?
To solve this, add the android.permissions key in your app.json file and specify which permissions your app will use. Refer to this list of all Android permissions and configuration for more information.
To use only the minimum necessary permissions that React Native requires to run, set "permissions" : []. To use those in addition to CAMERA permission, for example, you'd set "permissions" : ["CAMERA"].
Web
On the web, permissions like the Camera and Location can only be requested from a secure context, e.g. using https:// or http://localhost. This limitation is similar to Android's manifest permissions and iOS's infoPlist usage messages and enforced to increase privacy.
Resetting permissions
Often you want to be able to test what happens when a user rejects permissions, to ensure your app reacts gracefully. An operating-system level restriction on both iOS and Android prohibits an app from asking for the same permission more than once (you can imagine how this could be annoying for the user to be repeatedly prompted for permissions after rejecting them). To test different flows involving permissions in development, you may need to uninstall and reinstall the native app.
When testing in Expo Go, you can delete the app and reinstall it by running npx expo start and pressing i or a in the Expo CLI Terminal UI.
 - Message-iconAsk a question on the forums
 - Edit-iconEdit this page
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text:
New Savi Cargo Tracking System Introduced
The latest software release from Savi Technology dramatically improves insight into cargo shipments and logistics.
Shippers, logisticians, customs agents and supply chain professionals can now dedicate more time to action and less time gathering data with today's introduction of Savi Mobile Tracking System 2.2. The latest release from Savi Technology gives professionals greater detail on real-time field conditions and events to quickly identify conditions that require an immediate response to a potential cargo theft, lost shipment or supply chain delay.
SMTS 2.2 introduces new journey management features including several web services that automate the capture of vital information such as assets, tags and journeys in the system. Additionally users can more accurately define approved cargo corridors with the ability to resize a corridor fence using handles, create a corridor fence around a line or point on the map, and enter a specific street address.
"Savi Mobile Tracking System highlights Savi's deep understanding of tracking, logistics and supply chain, and the technologies that are best suited to specific challenges," said Ann Grackin, CEO, ChainLink Research. "With increasing risks in global logistics, companies can use SMTS to gain real-time knowledge and conditioning monitoring to identify risks of assets in motion."

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
Have you ever faced that awkward moment, when you sent an SMS to a wrong person and felt ashamed? I wish you have not! Be proactive and save yourself from such an embarrassing situation. We have an option available for you to get control over a sent message. You can still cancel the delivery of an SMS even when you have sent it. This thing happens on smartphones usually when you have installed message apps more than one, and they get conflicted.
No doubt, you can't cancel a sent message with an android system. So you need another system or more advance app to help you operate even when you have sent an SMS wrongly. And with the help of TigerText app you can make it happen! TigerText is an SMS app, which can be used in place of default SMS app of an android system. This is not like Whatsapp, so if your contacts can't have it they will still receive your text messages. So, stay relaxed when you are texting or doing some work, TigerText will help you in number of ways.
TigerText can help you protecting your messages as well as canceling of the sent SMS. Doesn't it sound like you are reading a dream come true type post? Do you want to know how does it work? Let's figure out:-
- Type your text after selecting new message.
- Now, send the message and long press when sending message
- You can now select the Recall option. This should be done before the opening and reading of the message by the recipient.
- This is the time you will see that green icon does not exist anymore, so the message was sent successfully.
So, tell us how you found TigerText. Did it work for you? Share you good or bad experiences in the comment section below.


difference between medical masks and non medical masks for adults
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difference between medical masks and non medical masks for adults
How To Know If Your Mask Is The Real 3-Ply Surgical Mask ...- difference between medical masks and non medical masks for adults ,Made from fabric or non-woven material which is also disposable but lacks a melt-blown filter layer, so these face masks are useless against haze, viruses, and bacteria. Know your difference before placing an order. The biggest difference between a 3-ply surgical mask and an ordinary face mask is the melt-blown layer in a surgical mask.What's the difference between medical face mask and ...Why it is so difficult to tell the difference between medical face masks and general face masks? Because they all look the same.They have the same 3 ply layer,first layer pp cloth,it has the function of anti water;then the second layer melt blown fiber cloth;third layer also PP cloth,which has the function of moisture absorption.Among all these ...
Know the differences
Respirators, Surgical Masks, and Non-Medical Masks Know the differences Note: All masks should be replaced or cleaned when they are wet, damaged, visibly dirty, contaminated (e.g., blood, respiratory fluids), or when breathing through it becomes difficult. If re-using is permitted, be sure to clean the mask between …
PPE – Understanding Different Types Of Masks
The Type IIR (European Standard) fluid resistant surgical mask is the "regular" surgical mask often used in clinical settings. The Level 2 (American standard) fluid resistant surgical mask is equivalent to the Type IIR. Goggles or visors can help avoid eye contamination with respiratory droplets. All PPE for use in the UK requires a CE mark.
Do Masks Work? – Science-Based Medicine
Many people have the mask below their nose, which is essentially useless. Or the mask is on loosely. But far and away the greatest violation of protocol is that people touch their mask or temporarily remove their mask, and frequently adjust their mask. This is understandable. Non health-care providers are not used to wearing masks.
A User's Guide To Masks: What Types Offer The Best ...
Jul 01, 2020·Medical Masks N95 respirators: N95 respirators are designed to create a tight seal around the nose and mouth. When worn correctly, they can block at least 95% of small airborne particles.
Particulate Masks, Respirators and Surgical Masks: What's ...
Apr 10, 2020·Non-medical particulate masks are more suited to protect against short-term exposure, as well as keeping other people safe from your own sneezes and coughs. Side Effects of Respirator Masks Wearing a respirator mask for a long period of time can have a physiological impact on your your heart and lungs, when walking, exercising, or even when ...
Do Masks Work? – Science-Based Medicine
Many people have the mask below their nose, which is essentially useless. Or the mask is on loosely. But far and away the greatest violation of protocol is that people touch their mask or temporarily remove their mask, and frequently adjust their mask. This is understandable. Non health-care providers are not used to wearing masks.
Do Masks Work? – Science-Based Medicine
Many people have the mask below their nose, which is essentially useless. Or the mask is on loosely. But far and away the greatest violation of protocol is that people touch their mask or temporarily remove their mask, and frequently adjust their mask. This is understandable. Non health-care providers are not used to wearing masks.
Wearing masks - WRH
Wearing masks Medical masks, including surgical, medical procedure face masks and respirators (like N95 masks), must be kept for health care workers and others providing direct care to COVID-19 patients. Wearing a non-medical mask (for example a homemade cloth mask) in the community has not been proven to protect the person wearing it.Strict hygiene and public health measures, including ...
The Difference Between Alternative Masks and Surgical ...
Apr 04, 2020·The Difference Between Alternative Masks and Surgical Masks for COVID-19 What is it? Who wears it? How it works Limitations Disposal Alternative Masks Non-FDA-regulated masks, including homemade masks. May reduce the likelihood of transmitting the virus by the wearer, but they are not proven to protect health care staff or patients.
The difference between medical and non-medical masks in ...
The main difference is that the outer surface of medical type masks is treated with hydrophobic treatment. The medical surgical masks GB19083-2010 and YY0469-2011 clearly put forward the requirement of "synthetic blood penetration", and the parameter index of "surface moisture resistance" clearly defines the medical protective mask Protective effect on blood and other fluids.
Face Shield Versus Face Masks: A Doctor Explains the ...
Jun 22, 2020·The latest mask practice in-question asks for the real difference between wearing a face shields versus face masks. So to get the final word on what headgear serves which purpose, I …
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19): Masks
Dec 01, 2020·Masks are a key measure to suppress transmission and save lives. Masks should be used as part of a comprehensive 'Do it all!' approach including physical distancing, avoiding crowded, closed and close-contact settings, good ventilation, cleaning hands, covering sneezes and coughs, and more.. Depending on the type, masks can be used for either protection of healthy persons or to …
Face Shield Versus Face Masks: A Doctor Explains the ...
Jun 22, 2020·The latest mask practice in-question asks for the real difference between wearing a face shields versus face masks. So to get the final word on what headgear serves which purpose, I …
Difference Between Medical Masks, Nursing Masks, Surgical ...
Mar 07, 2020·The "disposable medical mask" is (YY / T0969-2013), the "medical surgical mask" is (YY0469-2011), and the "medical protective mask" is (GB19038-2010) . You can judge which type of mask the product belongs to by looking at the implementation standards marked on …
The difference between disposable masks and surgical masks
The difference between disposable masks and surgical masks Disposable masks refer to a wide range, including dust masks, anti-fog masks, beauty masks, sunscreen masks, medical masks, and n95 masks. Medical surgical masks are generally used in high-demand environments such as medical clinics, laboratories, and operating rooms.
What is the Difference Between Level 1, 2 & 3 Face Masks ...
Choosing the right type of face mask has never been more crucial than now in your purchasing processes in the lab. While face masks may be hard to find, don't simply go with the cheapest or those available in the largest quantities. Take your time to find one that is the right grade for your application, and you will ensure you get the safest protection possible and don't skimp on grade.
Respirators - Respirators Versus Surgical Masks Versus Non ...
Non-medical masks can reduce the volume of aerosols and microorganisms that reach others when you cough, sneeze, laugh, or sing. During a pandemic, wearing a non-medical mask may be required by your provincial or territorial public health authority or local government.
How do we distinguish between medical and non-medical masks?
Masks for different purposes have different technical requirements and different scopes of application. The main mask categories in China: 2. Use appearance and packaging information to distinguish medical / non-medical masks Distinguish by mask structure Resolved by the filter valve. Masks with filter valves are generally not medical masks.
What's a Medical Mask? Why is It Different from a ...
Sep 09, 2020·Medical Mask Definition. All "medical masks" will carry a classification from the American Society of Testing and Materials (ATSM). Medical masks by definition, must be validated at a minimum of ASTM Level 1. Masks intended for medical purposes are considered medical devices and are regulated by the FDA. ASTM Testing
N95 Masks vs. Surgical Masks vs. Cloth Masks - Grainger ...
Surgical Masks. Surgical masks (also called medical masks) are loose-fitting, disposable coverings for the nose and mouth. They are intended to be worn by healthcare workers. They are fluid resistant and protect the wearer against large droplets, splashes and sprays, according to the CDC. They also capture the wearer's respiratory droplets ...
Face Masks vs. the Coronavirus? Maybe Not - MD 2.0 ...
The main difference between the two is that surgical masks can be purchased online or at drugstores. The N95 masks must be fitted to the individual user, and the user trained in how to wear it properly. This means the mask must fit snugly, and removed and disposed of correctly. Problems with surgical masks
Sterile Vs Non-Sterile Mask? What is Non-Sterile Mask?-Binic
Non-sterile masks are also managed strictly in accordance with medical device management methods, which is safe enough to meet the daily public protection needs. Non-sterile masks are ordinary dust masks, which are generally not effective in isolating bacteria and viruses. They are only suitable for general smog days, dust and wind protection.
Respirators - Respirators


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Necklite – Moldable Neck Brace
- Compact, light, fast and easy to use.
- Cervical stabilization for extrication and rehabilitation
- Large tracheal opening allows for optimal visualization
- Helps reduce lateral movement
- Foldable and moldable before and after application
- X-ray translucent.
- The locking system uses a 5 cm black Velcro strap.
- Just place and close on patient.
- Non-rigid, latex free.
- Dimensions: Width 550 mm – Height 180 mm – Thickness 5 mm
Introducing a moldable emergency neck brace, comprised of a soft aluminum and coated with high density PU foam. These specific design characteristics allow the brace to be folded or rolled for compact storage. This allows for convenient transport in backpacks, kits and narrow pockets. A series of moldable small wings are positioned under the chin in order to conform to each patient's unique features. Once applied to a patient, it becomes rigid and the neck is tightly immobilized. Once in place, the device features an elliptical hole on the backside and a large oval shaped hole on the front side which allows for a tracheotomy. Necklite is X-ray translucent, it allows therefore to submit the patient to X-ray while he wears on the device. CE approved.
A one size fits all moldable cervical stabilization device.


How to send two different DocRead tasks from the same base document
It is really easy to use DocRead to assign an item that has been stored in a SharePoint document library or list to groups of users who then must acknowledge the completion of the item leaving an audit trail to prove exactly who has completed what task and when. DocRead allows you to select several SharePoint Groups / Active Directory groups and individuals who will all receive the same instructions and will all be asked to complete the same task.
However if you need two groups of employees to read / complete the same information, but with slightly different requirements then this is also easy to arrange without having to duplicate the initial document or save details in multiple locations by using a link to the document.
For example:
1) If you need Group A to read a document and take an associated quiz but also need Group B to read exactly the same document but who do not need to answer the quiz.
2) If Group C are required to read an item, but it only needs to be recommended to Group D and you wish email messages to contain appropriate messages to be sent to both groups.
How to create two DocRead tasks from the same item
1) Save the item in the required SharePoint library or list.
2) Create a link to the document, this is shown in more detail in the post here.
3) Use DocRead message templates to ensure the email notifications and messages the user receives in the DocRead task window are appropriate for the task.
4) Attach surveys created with DocSurvey as necessary.
5) Repeat steps 2, 3 +4 to create as many iterations as you need.
6) Assign each link to the document (with the correct messages) to the correct group(s) of users.
7) Ensure the item is checked in, approved as necessary and a major version has been created, then wait for the DocRead timer job to run (or process reading tasks manually on the site) for the tasks to be created. Remember after the tasks have been created you may need to wait a little while longer for the associated emails to be sent (this will depend on the settings you have used for the email notification schedule timer jobs).
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snowflake.snowpark.Table.sample
Table.sample(frac: Optional[float] = None, n: Optional[int] = None, *, seed: Optional[int] = None, sampling_method: Optional[str] = None) DataFrame[source]
Samples rows based on either the number of rows to be returned or a percentage of rows to be returned.
Sampling with a seed is not supported on views or subqueries. This method works on tables so it supports seed. This is the main difference between DataFrame.sample() and this method.
Parameters:
 - frac – The percentage of rows to be sampled.
 - n – The fixed number of rows to sample in the range of 0 to 1,000,000 (inclusive). Either frac or n should be provided.
 - seed – Specifies a seed value to make the sampling deterministic. Can be any integer between 0 and _PHONE_ inclusive. Default value is None.
 - sampling_method – Specifies the sampling method to use: - "BERNOULLI" (or "ROW"): Includes each row with a probability of p/100. Similar to flipping a weighted coin for each row. - "SYSTEM" (or "BLOCK"): Includes each block of rows with a probability of p/100. Similar to flipping a weighted coin for each block of rows. This method does not support fixed-size sampling. Default is None. Then the Snowflake database will use "ROW" by default.
Note
 - SYSTEM | BLOCK sampling is often faster than BERNOULLI | ROW sampling.
 - Sampling without a seed is often faster than sampling with a seed.
 - Fixed-size sampling can be slower than equivalent fraction-based sampling because fixed-size sampling prevents some query optimization.
 - Fixed-size sampling doesn't work with SYSTEM | BLOCK sampling.


text:
ReWorks and its partners, Keep Akron Beautiful, Countryside Conservancy and Let's Grow Akron, have selected Ms. Julie's Kitchen as the Grow Green Compost Giveaway recipient. Ms. Julie's Kitchen received an 8 cubic yard truckload of compost and the remaining entrants were rewarded with a 40-pound bag of compost.
All community gardens located within Summit County that supply fruits and vegetables as a food source to the surrounding community were qualified to enter. The winning entry was selected based on its impact on the community and the garden's efforts to reduce organic waste, conserve water and reduce chemicals applied to the garden.
"Community gardens are a visible sign of a commitment to improving green space and community aesthetics," stated ReWorks Executive Director Yolanda Walker. " Along with our partners, we see the Grow Green program a unique opportunity to both enrich the soil and support the practice of composting within our community gardens."
Ms. Julie's Kitchen is a vegan farm-to-table restaurant located at 1809 S. Main St. in Akron. They farm two acres of vacant city property adjacent to the restaurant.
The compost provided was made from food scraps and compostable paper collected from participants in ReWorks' Commercial Food Scrap Collection program. Offered as a free service to Summit County businesses and schools by ReWorks, the program diverts food scraps and compostable paper from the waste stream by providing program participants with the resources to separate these materials from garbage.
ReWorks is Summit County's Solid Waste Management Authority. ReWorks provides solutions and leadership to empower Summit County communities, institutions and businesses to develop and utilize environmentally sound, cost-effective recycling and waste management strategies.


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ATEX Fans for IIC Hydrogen Exhaust
10 May 2022
Hydrogen is a group IIC gas and belongs to the T1 temperature class making it one of the hottest, most dangerous gases. Find out more about the ATEX certified range of fans certified for hydrogen exhaust.
Explosion Protection: Hydrogen IIC T1
Gas Group IIC contains 3 gases: Hydrogen, Acetylene and Carbon Disulphide
Hydrogen is a group IIC gas and belongs to the T1 temperature class making it one of the hottest, most dangerous gases. When mixed with oxygen, Hydrogen is a highly explosive substance that is odourless, colourless and lighter than air. The lightweight element accumulates above the oxygen, and where effective ventilation is not in place, a build-up can occur. In extreme circumstances there have been cases of battery room explosions as a result of ineffective battery room ventilation. A small smoulder can create a huge explosion when hydrogen is in the presence of oxygen, and besides this, hydrogen is hazardous to health, causing skin burns and eye issues.
A typical industrial application where high levels of hydrogen are prone to exist is within large battery rooms where energy storage cells are contained that power different parts of a building, vehicle, ship, system or component. Everyone knows the function of a battery; to store electricity in the form of chemical energy and to convert to electrical energy when required. Vented lead-acid batteries or flooded batteries as they are also commonly known, consist of plates that are flooded with an acid electrolyte. When charging, the electrolyte emits hydrogen through the vents in the battery. Under normal operations, the release of hydrogen is relatively small, but this is elevated during heavy recharge periods, especially for large industrial batteries and hydrogen cells. For battery room ventilation and in more current renewable energy storage cells and carrier technologies, hydrogen will be a key factor in ensuring a reliable, safe, and stable energy source in the post fossil fuel period. Therefore, the safety of hydrogen ventilation and a correct hazardous area classification should always be undertaken when handling applications that have this explosive high temperature class (T1), IIC group gas.
Hazardous Area Classifications (HAC's)
HAC's or hazardous area classifications are used to identify places where, because of the potential for explosive atmospheres, special precautions over sources of ignition are needed to prevent explosions. Hazardous area classifications should only be done by responsible and certified personal; equipment manufacturers should not decide the classification and the onus should be on the end user to determine the correct zone and class of the area to determine where an explosive atmosphere is present, if it may occasionally occur or if it will only exist in abnormal conditions.
Dismissing a critical safety issue is clearly not responsible, system integrators in commercial, industrial, renewable energy and dockyard applications need to identify the risks and design a system to protect in a fail-safe way. This also includes protecting personal with protective workwear. Any structure containing hydrogen components should be adequately ventilated. Suspended ceilings, inverted pockets, confining cowlings or covers that might accumulate hydrogen should be avoided if possible. The release of hydrogen in laboratory settings should be controlled by enclosures, fume hoods or vented outside to prevent it from reaching an ignition source.
The likelihood of an explosion occurring in the case of a battery room depends on the number of batteries, the charge rate, the size of the room and the ventilation available. Legislation advises the number of air changes per hour, for example IS:1332 Battery Rooms advises 12 air changes per hour or suggest that hydrogen concentration levels are kept below 1% to avoid the risk of explosion. The National Fire Protection Association lists the explosive concentration level, or Lower Explosive Level (LEL) of hydrogen as 4%, so the legislation stipulating a maximum level below 1% encourages the safe implementation of ventilation systems to avoid explosions far below the stipulated 4% explosive level. Air changes per hour tables can be used to determine the changeover rate depending on how the room is used.
If the level of hydrogen in a battery room exceeds 1% after one hour of charging, mechanical ventilation using ATEX explosion proof exhaust fans is required. This should be a compulsory requirement even if the concentration is not expected to reach 1%, due to uncertainties in building geographies, high points, or inadequate and blocked openings for natural ventilation. Ventilation should ideally be placed at both high points (for the exhaust of hydrogen that accumulates above the oxygen), and low points within the room to encourage forced ventilation out of the room. There should be no air recirculation under any circumstances as this encourages the mix of the two gases, and where possible, on a separate ventilation system than the rest of the building. Corrosion resistant fans with ATEX non sparking components, ideally roof mounted to exhaust upward and out are the ideal solution, but if not possible, ATEX wall mounted axial fans with back draught dampers, to avoid the return of hazardous substances, can be used. All Axair ATEX explosion proof fans are suitable for IIC gas groups to ensure adequate and safe removal of Hydrogen gas. Since the UK left the European Union, changes are in process to the way explosive atmosphere equipment is marked. From January 2023 ATEX marking in the UK will change to UKEX. It is worth noting that for now, explosion proof equipment may have both labels on the product to show that it complies with the legislation for use in hazardous areas.
Both temperature class and gas group are important pieces of information that are required for the correct selection of ATEX industrial fans for Hydrogen exhaust.
For more information, or to discuss the use of industrial fans for any battery room or hydrogen exhaust application, contact Axair Fans on 01782 349 430.
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Cisco Blogs
Cisco Blog > Security
Linux/CDorked FAQs
Last Friday (April 26), ESET and Sucuri simultaneously blogged about the discovery of Linux/CDorked, a backdoor impacting Apache servers running cPanel. Since that announcement, there has been some confusion surrounding the exact nature of these attacks. Rather than reinvent the analysis that has already been done, this blog post is intended to clear up some of the confusion.
When did Linux/CDorked first appear?
According to Cisco TRAC analysis, the first encounter was on March 4, 2013.
How is Linux/CDorked related to DarkLeech?
The appearance of Linux/CDorked coincided with a drop in the number of DarkLeech infections, an indication the attacker(s) may be one and the same.
Unlike DarkLeech, the Linux/CDorked infections appear to be only targeting Apache servers with cPanel installed. Conversely, DarkLeech was found on servers running a variety of control panels (or not).
Why are cPanel installs being targeted?
That cPanel installs are targeted does not imply attackers are exploiting a vulnerability in cPanel to gain access. Rather, Linux/CDorked exploits the fact that cPanel doesn't use a packaging system to install Apache. This, along with some logging differences, makes it much more difficult to detect the backdoor on Apache servers running cPanel, which is key to its success.
How are attackers gaining access to the host servers?
How the attackers are gaining root access to begin with is a separate matter, still unresolved. Attackers may have stolen login credentials via phishing, or via a localized infection on a management system, or simply by brute-force guessing the login.
Who are the compromised hosts?
The compromised host servers observed thus far have all been smaller, less mainstream providers. This is also in contrast to DarkLeech, which netted some significantly sized host providers in those attacks.
How many websites have been affected?
While there have been thousands of encounters with Linux/CDorked injected sites, decoding the URLs reveals only a few hundred compromised sites, unlike DarkLeech, which affected thousands of innocent websites.
The size (number of impacted websites) isn't the whole story, however. The Linux/CDorked attacks appear to be in concert with local trojan Medfos infections. The Medfos family of trojans installs browser extensions which automatically redirect search results when clicked. As a result, 37% of the encounters with the Linux/CDorked injected sites have been via searches performed on Google, Bing, and Yahoo.
What exploits are involved?
The Linux/CDorked attackers are using Blackhole exploit kit v4. Hence, when a Web surfer clicks through a link to one of the sites hosted on the compromised server, the visited URL is base64 encoded before the request is handed off to the malware domain. The exploits we've observed have been a mix of known PDF and Java exploits, no zero days. Thus far, all observed malware domains (the actual redirect destination) track back to 7 unique IP addresses:
Reference Links:
Apache Binary Backdoors on Cpanel-based servers
Malicious Apache Linux/Cdorked.A Trojan in Compromised Web Servers
Apache DarkLeech Compromises
Tags:,,,,,,
 1. Most of these guys change one or two lines of code to suit their needs. So even if this was a direct ripoff of DarkLeech it wouldn't mean anything. Infact, the term "Leeching" comes to mind when describing these scripts. Its hardly an indication that the attackers "may be one and the same."
 2. Its all very confusing...seems that there is something wrong that can really harm our websites.I don't know why these attacks are affecting Linux.
 3. I don't know why this is being called a backdoor, it's not. The fact that they're replacing the web server binary may be of consequence, but it's only one of many possible things the hackers could have done once root was compromised. The MOST important thing here is HOW root was compromised. Everything beyond that point is not really worth discussing. And any admin worth their salt and that cares about their servers is monitoring the checksums on their server binaries and would have picked up this binary change in a flash.
 4. Part of what my most recent copy of Medfos trojan attempted was looking up FTP passwords that might be on the system (tested the executable that had a PDF icon via malwr DOT com) My guess is that the trojans are stealing the passwords and then the blackhats merely logon and substitute the binaries. Good reason to use two-factor authentication *AND* never store passwords for websites, ftp sites, etc...


Faculty of Informatics and Statistics, Department of Information and Knowledge Engineering (DIKE)
Date and time: June 11 2015 (10:30 – 12:00).
Room: 473 NB
Presentations
Linked Data Visualization Model Implementation
Speaker
 - Jiří Helmich, KSI MFF UK Praha
There is a vast amount of Linked Data on the web spread across a large number of datasets. One of the visions behind Linked Data is that the published data is conveniently reusable by others. This, however, depends on many details such as conformance of the data with commonly used vocabularies and adherence to best practices for data modeling. Therefore, when an expert wants to reuse existing datasets, he still needs to analyze them to discover how the data is modeled and what it actually contains. This may include analysis of what entities are there, how are they linked to other entities, which properties from which vocabularies are used, etc. What is missing is a convenient and fast way of seeing what could be usable in the chosen unknown dataset without reading through its RDF serialization. We will present our Linked Data Visualization Model (LDVM) and its new implementation. LDVM is a formal base that exploits the Linked Data principles to ensure interoperability and compatibility of compliant analytic and visualization components. We demonstrate the use cases on examples from the Czech Linked Open Data cloud.
Downloads: slides 1
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What is a financial guarantee contract?
A financial guarantee contract is a contract that requires the issuer to make specified payments to reimburse the holder for loss it incurs because a specified debtor fails to make payment that is due in accordance with the original or modified terms of a debt instrument.
Accounting for financial guarantee contracts
If an issuer of financial guarantee contracts has previously asserted explicitly that it regards such contracts as insurance contracts and has used accounting that is applicable to insurance contracts, the issuer may elect to apply either Ind AS 109 or Ind AS 104 to such financial guarantee contracts. The entity may make that election on a contract by contract basis. How-ever, the election for each contract is not revocable.
Financial guarantee contracts after initial recognition is measured at the higher of:
 1. Impairment loss allowance determined as per requirements of Ind AS 109 and
 2. The amount initially recognised less cumulative amount of income recognised as per Ind AS 18.
Date of initial recognition
For financial guarantee contracts, the date the entity becomes a party to the irrevocable com-mitment is considered to be the date of initial recognition for the purpose of applying the im-pairment requirements.
Legal form
A financial guarantee contract may have different legal forms viz., guarantee, letter of credit, a credit default contract or an insurance contract. The accounting treatment for such financial guarantee contract is not dependent on its legal form.
Contracts that are not financial guarantee contracts
Some credit-related guarantees do not, as a precondition for payment, require that the holder is exposed to, and has incurred a loss on, the failure of the debtor to make payments on the guaranteed asset when due. An example of such a guarantee is one that requires payments in response to changes in a specified credit rating or credit index. Such guarantees are not financial guarantee contracts as defined in this Standard, and are not insurance contracts as defined in Ind AS 104. Such guarantees are derivatives and the issuer should apply Ind AS 109 for such contracts.
If a financial guarantee contract was issued in connection with the sale of goods, the issuer should apply Ind AS 18 in determining when it recognises the revenue from the guarantee and from the sale of goods.
If a financial guarantee contract was issued to an unrelated party in a standalone arm's length transaction, its fair value at the inception is likely to be equal to the premium received.
Timing of recognising life time expected credit losses
For financial guarantee contracts, an entity should consider the changes in the risk that the specified debtor will default on the contract. The significance of a change in the credit risk since initial recognition depends on the risk of a default occurring as at initial recognition. Thus, a given change, in absolute terms, in the risk of a default occurring will be more significant for a financial instrument with a lower initial risk of a default occurring compared to a financial instrument with a higher initial risk of a default occurring.
The risk of a default occurring on financial instruments that have comparable credit risk is higher the longer the expected life of the instrument; for example, the risk of a default occurring on an AAA-rated bond with an expected life of 10 years is higher than that on an AAA-rated bond with an expected life of five years.
For a financial guarantee contract, the entity is required to make payments only in the event of a default by the debtor in accordance with the terms of the instrument that is guaranteed. Accordingly, cash shortfalls are the expected payments to reimburse the holder for a credit loss that it incurs less any amounts that the entity expects to receive from the holder, the debtor or any other party. If the asset is fully guaranteed, the estimation of cash shortfalls for a financial guarantee contract would be consistent with the estimations of cash shortfalls for the asset subject to the guarantee.
Period over which to estimate expected credit losses
For financial guarantee contracts, this is the maximum contractual period over which an entity has a present contractual obligation to extend credit.
Time value of money
Expected credit losses on financial guarantee contracts for which the effective interest rate cannot be determined shall be discounted by applying a discount rate that reflects the current market assessment of the time value of money and the risks that are specific to the cash flows but only if, and to the extent that, the risks are taken into account by adjusting the discount rate instead of adjusting the cash shortfalls being discounted.
Impairment on transition to Ind AS
On transition, an entity should seek to approximate the credit risk on initial recognition by considering all reasonable and supportable information that is available without undue cost or effort. An entity is not required to undertake an exhaustive search for information when determining, at the date of transition, whether there have been significant increases in credit risk since initial recognition. If an entity is unable to make this determination without undue cost or effort an entity shall recognise a loss allowance at an amount equal to lifetime expected credit losses at each reporting date until that financial instrument is derecognised.
In order to determine the loss allowance on financial guarantee contracts to which the entity became a party to the contract prior to the date of initial application, both on transition and until the derecognition of those items an entity shall consider information that is relevant in determining or approximating the credit risk at initial recognition. In order to determine or approximate the initial credit risk, an entity may consider internal and external information, including portfolio information.
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text: Vertex elimination is a graph operation that turns the neighborhood of a vertex into a clique and removes the vertex itself. It has widely known applications within sparse matrix computations. We define the ELIMINATION problem as follows: given two graphs G and H, decide whether H can be obtained from G by |V(G)|−|V(H)| vertex eliminations. We show that ELIMINATION is W-hard when parameterized by |V(H)|, even if both input graphs are split graphs, and W-hard when parameterized by |V(G)|−|V(H)|, even if H is a complete graph. On the positive side, we show that ELIMINATION admits a kernel with at most 5|V(H)| vertices in the case when G is connected and H is a complete graph, which is in sharp contrast to the W-hardness of the related CLIQUE problem. We also study the case when either G or H is tree. The computational complexity of the problem depends on which graph is assumed to be a tree: we show that ELIMINATION can be solved in polynomial time when H is a tree, whereas it remains NP-complete when G is a tree.


text:
What is the procedure of getting a Halal Certificate?
- Complete the "Application for Halal Accreditation Service".
- Each halal product submission form must be accompanied by related ingredient data sheets. A technical ingredient and specification sheet is required for every ingredient used in the manufacture of the product.
- The ANIC food technologist team assesses suitability and confirms the halal status of the products.
- A halal audit of the premises is conducted by ANIC nominated Halal Auditor, Halal approval is granted upon compliance with all halal requirements by means of a contract between the applicants and ANIC.
- The final stage is the issue of Halal Accreditation Certificate which is valid for one year and subject to renewal thereafter.
The Obligation of ANIC Halal Authority ANIC recognises its obligations to the applicant and agree:
- To treat all information given as strictly confidential.
- To extend religious recognition to the authenticity of the applicant's halal operation covering the production facilities as well as the finished products.
- To uphold and promote the reputation of the applicant's halal operation among Muslims within and beyond Australia.
- To provide the applicant with all necessary advice for the production of halal goods.
- To not withhold unnecessarily its approval of goods, suppliers, changes or supervisor.
APPLY NOW FOR A CERTIFICATE


closest to the fault. In some cases like fahraj earthquake some anomalies were detected aside the anomaly detected on the day of the earthquake. However, results of the mean-standard deviation method gives more false alarms as an earthquake thermal anomaly than the interquartile method. Although these anomalies could be related to the earthquake it cannot be a certain fact. So in order to have a better outcome we use the results of interquartile anomaly detection method as input for training of artificial neural network. The results in mathematical modeling have a relatively high accuracy in the case of seismic intensity parameter using artificial neural network with the total accuracy of 0.73. These results indicate that the best accuracy belongs to Azgalah and the one with least accuracy belongs to fahraj study case. Although the number of earthquakes studied for neural network training has been relatively small, but the availability of large amounts of data on each earthquake has provided appropriate accuracy.
In conclusion, this study shows that thermal anomalies is one of the most significant precursors for earthquake's investigations. Using the relevant fault and anomalies with respect to the buffer zones in different distances can help us increase the accuracy dramatically. Since many previous studies that investigated thermal anomalies connected to the earthquakes, explored areas around the epicenter, in this study we show that the corresponding fault is just as important as epicenter.
Finally, it should be noted that the indicator of surface temperature changes and thermal anomalies alone cannot be sufficient to fully investigate the parameters of the earthquake or have the necessary accuracy to analyze the earthquake. However, due to the low volume of thermal data and the simplicity of working with them, it is recommended that they be used for initial earthquake surveys, and if it is partially confirmed for further analysis, use other methods and indicators that require the application of heavy and complex algorithms and processes. It is also possible to combine the results of this precursor with the results of other precursors to achieve sufficient accuracy.
Regarding the results and discussion, it should be noted that the results of anomaly detection algorithms show that both methods of thermal anomaly detection have detected thermal anomalies related to each earthquake on the day of the earthquake in a radius closest to the fault. In some cases like fahraj earthquake some anomalies were detected aside the anomaly detected on the day of the earthquake. However, results of the mean-standard deviation method gives more false alarms as an earthquake thermal anomaly than the interquartile method. Although these anomalies could be related to the earthquake it cannot be a certain fact. So in order to have a better outcome we use the results of interquartile anomaly detection method as input for training of artificial neural network. The results in mathematical modeling have a relatively high accuracy in the case of seismic intensity parameter using artificial neural network with the total accuracy of 0.73. These results indicate that the best accuracy belongs to Azgalah and the one with least accuracy belongs to fahraj study case. Although the number of earthquakes studied for neural network training has been relatively small, but the availability of large amounts of data on each earthquake has provided appropriate accuracy.
In conclusion, this study shows that thermal anomalies is one of the most significant precursors for earthquake's investigations. Using the relevant fault and anomalies with respect to the buffer zones in different distances can help us increase the accuracy dramatically. Since many previous studies that investigated thermal anomalies connected to the earthquakes, explored areas around the epicenter, in this study we show that the corresponding fault is just as important as epicenter.
Finally, it should be noted that the indicator of surface temperature changes and thermal anomalies alone cannot be sufficient to fully investigate the parameters of the earthquake or have the necessary accuracy to analyze the earthquake. However, due to the low volume of thermal data and the simplicity of working with them, it is recommended that they be used for initial earthquake surveys, and if it is partially confirmed for further analysis, use other methods and indicators that require the application of heavy and complex algorithms and processes. It is also possible to combine the results of this precursor with the results of other precursors to achieve sufficient accuracy.
Keywords: Earthquake, Earthquake Precursor, Thermal Anomaly, Active Fault, Artificial Neural Network
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
 - earthquake
 - Earthquake Precursor
 - thermal anomaly
 - Active fault
 - Artificial Neural Network
Akhoondzadeh, M. (2012). Anomalous TEC variations associated with the powerful Tohoku earthquake of 11 March 2011, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, vol. 12, no. 5, p. 1453.
Akhoondzadeh, M. (2014). Thermal and TEC anomalies detection using an intelligent hybrid system around the time of the Saravan, Iran,(Mw= 7.7) earthquake of 16 April 2013, Advances in Space Research, vol. 53, no. 4, pp. 647-655.
Asiltürk, I. and Çunkaş, M. (2011). Modeling and prediction of surface roughness in turning operations using artificial neural network and multiple regression method, Expert systems with applications, vol. 38, no. 5, pp. 5826-5832.
Belayneh, A.; Adamowski, J.; Khalil, B. and Ozga-Zielinski, B. (2014). Long-term SPI drought forecasting in the Awash River Basin in Ethiopia using wavelet neural network and wavelet support vector regression models, Journal of Hydrology, vol. 508, pp. 418-429.
Console, R.; Pantosti, D. and D'Addezio, G. (2002). Probabilistic approach to earthquake prediction, Annals of Geophysics, vol. 45, no. 6.
Freund, F. et al. (2005). Enhanced mid-infrared emission from igneous rocks under stress, 2005, in Geophys Res Abstr, vol. 7, p. 09568.
Geller, R. J.; Jackson, D. D.; Kagan, Y. Y. and Mulargia, F. (1997). Earthquakes cannot be predicted, Science, vol. 275, no. 5306, pp. _PHONE_.
Goh, A. T. (1995). Back-propagation neural networks for modeling complex systems, Artificial Intelligence in Engineering, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 143-151.
Marano, K. D.; D. J. Wald, and Allen, T. I. (2010). Global earthquake casualties due to secondary effects: a quantitative analysis for improving rapid loss analyses, Natural hazards, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 319-328.
Miikkulainen, R. (2010). Topology of a neural network, Encyclopedia of Machine Learning, pp. 988-989.
Nedic, V.; Despotovic, D.; Cvetanovic, S.; Despotovic, M. and Babic, S. (2014). Comparison of classical statistical methods and artificial neural network in traffic noise prediction, Environmental Impact Assessment Review, no.49, pp. 24-30.
Nekoee, M. and Shah-Hosseini, R. (2020). Thermal anomaly detection using NARX neural network method to estimate the earthquake occurrence time. Earth Observation and Geomatics Engineering, 4(2): 98-108.
Ouzounov, D. and Freund, F. (2004). Mid-infrared emission prior to strong earthquakes analyzed by remote sensing data, Advances in space research, vol. 33, no. 3, pp. 268-273.
Park, D. C.; El-Sharkawi, M.; Marks, R.; Atlas, L. and Damborg, M. (1991). Electric load forecasting using an artificial neural network, IEEE transactions on Power Systems, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 442-449.
Qiang, Z.-j.; X.-d. Xu and Dian, C.-g. (1997). Case 27 thermal infrared anomaly precursor of impending earthquakes, Pure and Applied Geophysics, vol. 149, no. 1, pp. 159-171.
Qiang, Z. et al. (1999). Atellitic thermal infrared brightness temperature anomaly image-short-term and impending earthquake precursors, Science in China series D: Earth Sciences, vol. 42, no. 3, pp. 313-324.
Sahoo, S.; Dhar, A. and Kar, A. (2016). Environmental vulnerability assessment using Grey Analytic Hierarchy Process based model, Environmental Impact Assessment Review, no. 56, pp. 145-154.
Saradjian, M. R. and Akhoondzadeh, M. (2001). Thermal anomalies detection before strong earthquakes (M> 6.0) using interquartile, wavelet and Kalman filter methods, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, vol. 11, no. 4, p. 1099.
Saraf, A. K.; Rawat, V.; Choudhury, S.; Dasgupta, S. and Das, J. (2009). Advances in understanding of the mechanism for generation of earthquake thermal precursors detected by satellites, International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, vol. 11, no. 6, pp. 373-379.
Saraf, A. K. et al. (2008). Satellite detection of earthquake thermal infrared precursors in Iran, Natural Hazards, vol. 47, no. 1, pp


Installing Puppy Linux to a Live CD is easy. You will need:
- a CD/DVD (+R, -R, +RW or -RW)
- a CD/DVD burner (a CD burner can only burn CD's, but a DVD burner can burn both)
- a Puppy Linux ISO
If you are running Puppy Linux, you can use Pburn to burn an ISO to disk.
1. First, make sure you have a burnable CD/DVD in your disk drive, and that your disk drive is NOT mounted.
2. Run Pburn from the menu. (Menu -> Multimedia -> Pburn)
3. If this is the first time you have used Pburn, it will ask for your disk drive that you wish to use. Select it and click OK.
4. Select "Burn ISO-image" in the top left, and browse to where you downloaded the ISO.
5. Unless, for some reason, you have to have a closed disk, select "Multisession".
6. Click the burn icon in the bottom right.
If you are running Windows, you can use ImgBurn to burn an ISO to disk.
 1. Run ImgBurn from the start menu.
 2. Click "Write image file to disk".
 3. Beside "Please select a file", click the "Browse for a file..." icon (a folder with a magnifying glass) and browse to the ISO you downloaded.
 4. Select your CD/DVD burner in the drop down menu, and make sure "Verify" is checked.
 5. Make sure the "Write Speed" is 1x, and "Copies" is 1. (unless you want more then 1 copy)
 6. Insert a CD or DVD into your drive
 7. Click "Write" (the big button).
 1. Make sure the CD/DVD is in the drive, and that the computer is off.
 2. Turn on your computer, and see if Puppy Linux boots.
 3. If Puppy Linux doesn't run, read This.
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text:
August 20, 2012
- coddle (verb)
- What does it mean?
- : to treat with extreme care : pamper
- How do you use it?
- "Big Ma was not one for coddling any of us, but now she turned from the stove and, wiping her hands on her long white apron, sat down on the bench and put her arm around Little Man." (Mildred D. Taylor, _Roll of Thunder, Hear My Cry_)
- Are you a word wiz?
The "pamper" sense of "coddle" comes from an earlier meaning that had to do with a special kind of careful treatment given to something delicate. What do you think was treated so carefully?We're not going to coddle you, just tell you that A is the right answer. When "coddle" first came to be part of the English language around 1600, the word meant to cook something slowly and gently in water that is just below the boiling point. Usually eggs are what's being cooked when "coddle" is used in this sense today, but when "coddle" was first being used, other foods, especially fruit, were also cooked by coddling. Because coddling is a very gentle way to cook something, such gentle treatment led to the extended meaning of "to treat with extreme care, pamper."