text:
Use this warm water pipe marker to quickly identify a pipe's contents. This marker features a green background with a green outward directional chevron arrow on each side. It also features white centered text WARM WATER.
Different base colours have been selected to assist in identifying the application category of each pipe marker. This has been designed for operations and maintenance workers and crews responding to maintenance works or emergency calls and situations.
- This warm water pipe marker is manufactured from UV-stabilised self-adhesive vinyl which allows them to be used in indoor or outdoor environments.
- The green colour-coding of this pipe marker indicates that a water-related substance flows within the pipe.
Our standard range of pipe markers are manufactured to meet the requirements of Australian Standard AS1345-1995 Identification of the contents of pipes, conduits and ducts.
A large variety of pipe markers are available for various substances and applications. See below to view the full range:
- Electrical pipe markers, colour coded orangeclick here:
- Steam pipe markers, colour coded silver/greyclick here:
- Other liquids pipe markers, colour coded brownclick here:
- Gases pipe markers, colour coded yellow (ochre) – click here:
- Fire services pipe markers, colour coded violet – click here:
- Oil pipe markers, colour coded blue – click here:
- Acids and alkalis pipe markers, colour coded violetclick here:
- Air power pipe markers, colour coded orange – click here:


Workshop #1
Intro to Producing
Learn from an industry professional. How to take your concept to reality and what to do with it once it's there.
4 hours
$175 + tx
Maximum: 10
Register Here
 Workshop #2
Audition Lab
Weekly reserved sessions to step up your monologue game. Develop your strengths and address your weaknesses.
2 hours Mondays 8:00 PM
$30 / Session
Maximum: 7
Register Here
 Workshop #3
Youth Theatre Development
Ages 8 - 12. Learn from an industry professional to write and mount a play from the ground up.
Saturdays & Sundays
5:00pm - 7:00pm
7 Weeks
$910 + tx
Maximum: 8
Register Here
9am - 10am Weekends
Interactive Storytime
Classic stories read out loud by seasoned actors for the whole family to enjoy.
10:45 - 11:20 Weekends
Music for the kids
Join us for an early afternoon of sing-alongs
12pm - 2pm Mondays, Wednesday, Fridays
Family Movie Screenings
Now screening:
11am - 4pm Weekends
Weekly kids shows
Now showing:
What is a land acknowledgement and why do we do it?
A land acknowledgement is a statement recognizing the traditional territory of the Indigenous people(s) who called the land home before the arrival of settlers, and in many cases still do call it home. Indigenous peoples have been acknowledging the land at the start of gatherings, ceremonies and events for time immemorial.
Providing a land acknowledgement at the beginning of an event or meeting gives time for reflection and demonstrates recognition of Indigenous lands, treaties and peoples. It involves thinking about what happened in the past and what changes can be made going forward in order to further the reconciliation process. Land acknowledgements mark a small and important step in the process of reconciliation and building a positive relationship with Indigenous peoples. By making a land acknowledgement you are taking part in an act of reconciliation, honouring the land and Indigenous presence which dates back over 10,000 years.
Using and participating in a land acknowledgement is a way to recognize the enduring presence and resilience of Indigenous peoples in this area for time immemorial. They are also a reminder that we are all accountable to these relationships.
History of Toronto Youth Theatre
TYT Theatre was formed in 2019 as a new company that would engage youth and families in interactive, original theatrical experiences. We do not opperate alongside Toronto Youth Theatre, but acknowledge them as our parent organization.
Since 2005 Toronto Youth Theatre has provided a cutting edge theatre program that empowers youth, regardless of their background, gender, or age, to explore and reach their creative potential
Today, with more than 25 productions from traditional musicals plus Toronto Youth Theatre has developed and workshopped original plays/musicals the company has positioned itself as one of Toronto's premiere youth theatre companies.
Rehearsing and performing in the professional theatre company space such as The Lower Ossington theatre, The Annex and Randolph Theatres and participating in events like We Day Toronto Youth Theatre provides a professional experience to young actors in all aspects of production.


All peel apart instant products stop developing when you peel them apart. They have an acid layer and a timing layer to reduce alkalinity.
All integral instant products have a timing layer that kicks in roughly 2 - 5 minutes after the pod bursts and this brings the pH down which shuts off development.
All instant products, just like all normal photo products are temperature sensitive and the results vary with temperature.
So, the answer is "NO" they do not develop to completion, but they can suffer from temperature effects which can over or under-develop them.


text:
The river Loimijoki is a river in Finland and the longest tributary of the river Kokemäenjoki. The river originates at the lake Pyhäjärvi in Tammela and joins the river Kokemäenjoki in Huittinen. There is a 54-metre (177 ft) difference in elevation between the source and the mouth of the river, which is 114 kilometres (71 mi) long. The river drains a catchment area of 3,140 square kilometres (1,210 sq mi). The river has several dams at Forssa, Jokioinen and Loimaa.
The Loimijoki river runs through the most fertile lands of Finland making its water relatively muddy. The river was badly polluted by sewage of industry and population centers along the river, but since the 1980s the river has been starting to recover and currently the river sees also recreational use like fishing and water sports.
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to Loimijoki.|

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


[Optional] tabledata.list of column families to expose in the table schema along with their types. This list restricts the column families that can be referenced in queries and specifies their value types. You can use this list to do type conversions - see the 'type' field for more details. If you leave this list empty, all column families are present in the table schema and their values are read as BYTES. During a query only the column families referenced in that query are read from Bigtable.
ignoreUnspecifiedColumnFamilies
boolean
[Optional] If field is true, then the column families that are not specified in columnFamilies list are not exposed in the table schema. Otherwise, they are read with BYTES type values. The default value is false.
readRowkeyAsString
boolean
[Optional] If field is true, then the rowkey column families will be read and converted to string. Otherwise they are read with BYTES type values and users need to manually cast them with CAST if necessary. The default value is false.
BigtableColumnFamily
JSON representation
{
 "familyId": string,
 "type": string,
 "encoding": string,
 "columns": [
 {
 object (BigtableColumn)
 }
 ],
 "onlyReadLatest": boolean
}
Fields
familyId
string
Identifier of the column family.
type
string
[Optional] The type to convert the value in cells of this column family. The values are expected to be encoded using HBase Bytes.toBytes function when using the BINARY encoding value. Following BigQuery types are allowed (case-sensitive) - BYTES STRING INTEGER FLOAT BOOLEAN Default type is BYTES. This can be overridden for a specific column by listing that column in 'columns' and specifying a type for it.
encoding
string
[Optional] The encoding of the values when the type is not STRING. Acceptable encoding values are: TEXT - indicates values are alphanumeric text strings. BINARY - indicates values are encoded using HBase Bytes.toBytes family of functions. This can be overridden for a specific column by listing that column in 'columns' and specifying an encoding for it.
columns[]
object (BigtableColumn)
[Optional] Lists of columns that should be exposed as individual fields as opposed to a list of (column name, value) pairs. All columns whose qualifier matches a qualifier in this list can be accessed as .. Other columns can be accessed as a list through .Column field.
onlyReadLatest
boolean
[Optional] If this is set only the latest version of value are exposed for all columns in this column family. This can be overridden for a specific column by listing that column in 'columns' and specifying a different setting for that column.
BigtableColumn
JSON representation
{
 "qualifierEncoded": string,
 "qualifierString": string,
 "fieldName": string,
 "type": string,
 "encoding": string,
 "onlyReadLatest": boolean
}
Fields
qualifierEncoded
string (BytesValue format)
[Required] Qualifier of the column. Columns in the parent column family that has this exact qualifier are exposed as . field. If the qualifier is valid UTF-8 string, it can be specified in the qualifierString field. Otherwise, a base-64 encoded value must be set to qualifierEncoded. The column field name is the same as the column qualifier. However, if the qualifier is not a valid BigQuery field identifier i.e. does not match [a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9_]*, a valid identifier must be provided as fieldName.
qualifierString
string
fieldName
string
[Optional] If the qualifier is not a valid BigQuery field identifier i.e. does not match [a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9_]*, a valid identifier must be provided as the column field name and is used as field name in queries.
type
string
[Optional] The type to convert the value in cells of this column. The values are expected to be encoded using HBase Bytes.toBytes function when using the BINARY encoding value. Following BigQuery types are allowed (case-sensitive) - BYTES STRING INTEGER FLOAT BOOLEAN Default type is BYTES. 'type' can also be set at the column family level. However, the setting at this level takes precedence if 'type' is set at both levels.
encoding
string
[Optional] The encoding of the values when the type is not STRING. Acceptable encoding values are: TEXT - indicates values are alphanumeric text strings. BINARY - indicates values are encoded using HBase Bytes.toBytes family of functions. 'encoding' can also be set at the column family level. However, the setting at this level takes precedence if 'encoding' is set at both levels.
onlyReadLatest
boolean
[Optional] If this is set, only the latest version of value in this column are exposed. 'onlyReadLatest' can also be set at the column family level. However, the setting at this level takes precedence if 'onlyReadLatest' is set at both levels.
GoogleSheetsOptions
JSON representation
{
 "skipLeadingRows": string,
 "range": string
}
Fields
skipLeadingRows
string (Int64Value format)
[Optional] The number of rows at the top of a sheet that BigQuery will skip when reading the data. The default value is 0. This property is useful if you have header rows that should be skipped. When autodetect is on, the behavior is the following: * skipLeadingRows unspecified - Autodetect tries to detect headers in the first row. If they are not detected, the row is read as data. Otherwise data is read starting from the second row. * skipLeadingRows is 0 - Instructs autodetect that there are no headers and data should be read starting from the first row. * skipLeadingRows = N > 0 - Autodetect skips N-1 rows and tries to detect headers in row N. If headers are not detected, row N is just skipped. Otherwise row N is used to extract column names for the detected schema.
range
string
[Optional] Range of a sheet to query from. Only used when non-empty. Typical format: sheet_name!top_left_cell_id:bottom_right_cell_id For example: sheet1!A1:B20
HivePartitioningOptions
JSON representation
{
 "mode": string,
 "sourceUriPrefix": string,
 "requirePartitionFilter": boolean
}
Fields
mode
string
Optional. [Experimental] When set, what mode of hive partitioning to use when reading data. Two modes are supported. * AUTO: automatically infer partition key name(s) and type(s). * STRINGS: automatically infer partition key name(s). All types are Not all storage formats support hive partitioning. Requesting hive partitioning on an unsupported format will lead to an error. Currently supported formats are: JSON, CSV, ORC, Avro and Parquet.
sourceUriPrefix
string
Optional. [Experimental] When hive partition detection is requested, a common for all source uris must be required. The prefix must end immediately before the partition key encoding begins. For example, consider files following this data layout. gs://bucket/path_to_table/dt=2019-06-01/country=USA/id=7/file.avro gs://bucket/path_to_table/dt=2019-05-31/country=CA/id=3/file.avro When hive partitioning is requested with either AUTO or STRINGS detection, the common prefix can be either of gs://bucket/path_to_table or gs://bucket/path_to_table/.
requirePartitionFilter
boolean
Optional. [Experimental] If set to true, queries over this table require a partition filter that can be used for partition elimination to be specified. Note that this field should only be true when creating a permanent external table or querying a temporary external table. Hive-partitioned loads with requirePartitionFilter explicitly set to true will fail.
Streamingbuffer
JSON representation
{
 "estimatedBytes": string,
 "estimatedRows": string,
 "oldestEntryTime": string
}
Fields
estimatedBytes
string
Output only. A lower-bound estimate of the number of bytes currently in the streaming buffer.
estimatedRows
string
Output only. A lower-bound estimate of the number of rows currently in the streaming buffer.
oldestEntryTime
string (fixed64 format)
Output only. Contains the timestamp of the oldest entry in the streaming buffer, in milliseconds since the epoch, if the streaming buffer is available.
Methods
delete
Deletes the table specified by tableId from the dataset.
get
Gets the specified table resource by table ID.
insert
Creates a new, empty table in the dataset.
list
Lists all tables in the specified dataset.
patch
Updates information in an existing table.
update
Updates information in an existing table.


text:
Deputy Municipal Manager
Tel : _PHONE_
Fax : _PHONE_
This cluster is responsible for inter-alia the following:
- Lead and manage the provision of basic services within ELM. Provide operations and maintenance support in the provision of basic services across the Municipality.
- Develop and monitoring Service Level Agreements and other service delivery contracts in conjunction with relevant line management, external contractors and other key stakeholders.
- Report on risks pertaining to basic service delivery, and recommend remedial actions.
- Provide Council and the MM with relevant data and information pertaining to service delivery programmes' status, challenges and opportunities.
- Water and Sanitation (Metsi a Lekoa)
- Roads and Storm Water
- Waste and Landfill Management
- Fleet Services
- Customer Care

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Sources of Water – MCQ || Water Supply Engineering ||
Sources of Water – MCQ
1. Which of the following is not a subsurface source of water?
a) Storage reservoirs.
b) Springs.
c) Infiltration galleries.
d) Tube wells.
Facilities Required at Railway Stat...
Facilities Required at Railway Stations || Railway Engineering || civilnoteppt
View Answer
a) Storage reservoirs
2. Which of the following is a surface source of water?
a) Wells.
b) Infiltration wells.
c) Streams.
d) None of these.
View Answer
c) Streams
3. Which water has a less chance of contaminated by bacterias?
a) River.
b) Lake.
c) Sea.
d) Infiltration wells.
View Answer
d) Infiltration wells
4. Which is the following factors considered for the selection of a particular source of water
a) Quantity of water available.
b) Elevation of the source.
c) Distance of the source of supply.
d) All of these.
View Answer
d) All of these.
5. The economic height of a dam is that height of the dam
a) The construction cost is low.
b) The storage capacity is sufficient.
c) The cost of the dam per unit of storage is minimum.
d) None.
View Answer
c) The cost of the dam per unit of storage is minimum.
6. Discharge per unit draw in case of an aquifer is known as
a) Specific yield.
b) Specific capacity.
c) Field capacity.
d) None of these.
View Answer
a) Specific yield
7. The order number 'm' is computed by the equation
a) m = N . \frac{p}{100}
b) m = N . \frac{p}{1000}
c) m = N . \frac{2p}{100}
d) m = 2N . \frac{p}{100}
Where, p = dependability percentage, and N = Years.
View Answer
a) m = N . \frac{p}{100}
8. Index of wetness is the ratio of
a) Actual rainfall in a given year at a given place to the total run-off of that place.
b) Rainfall intensity in a given year at a given place to the total run-off of that place.
c) Actual rainfall in a given year at a given place to the normal rainfall of that place.
d) None of these.
View Answer
c) Actual rainfall in a given year at a given place to the normal rainfall of that place.
9. The precipitation occurs due to the pressure difference is
a) Convective precipitation.
b) Cyclonic Precipitation.
c) Orographic precipitation.
View Answer
b) Cyclonic Precipitation.
10. Which of the following are not the form of precipitation
a) Rain
b) Snow
c) Hail
d) None of the above.
View Answer
d) None of the above.
Note: Rain, snow and hail all are the form of precipitation.
Read More:
Water Demand – MCQ
5 Types of Rainfall


Interpolation Equation for the Calibration of Infrared Pyrometers
J W Hahn, C Rhee
1994 Metrologia
A new interpolation equation for the calibration of infrared pyrometers was derived by using the reference wavelength method. The errors associated with the new interpolation equation were calculated by comparing the temperature scale based on the interpolation equations with that determined by the fundamental method based on Planck's radiation law. To assess the usefulness of the new interpolation equation, the errors were compared with those associated with the interpolation equation
more » ... n equation previously used which was derived by the effective wavelength method. We find that the new interpolation equation can interpolate and extrapolate the temperature scale of an infrared pyrometer calibrated by the multiple-point-calibration method with small error over a wide temperature range. The equation is especially useful for the calibration of infrared pyrometers, when making measurements at low temperatures (< 600 "C) with the response band in the long-wavelength infrared region.
doi:10.1088/0026-1394/31/1/005 fatcat:b6kr2zrqgbc27bzszbv6kst7py


text:
Assessment of beech scale resistance in fulland half-sibling American beech families
A beech bark disease infested American beech tree (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.) and two uninfested trees were selected in a mature natural stand in Michigan, USA, and mated to form two full-sib families for evaluating the inheritance of resistance to beech scale (Cryptococcus fagisuga Lind.), the insect element of beech bark disease. Four half-sib families from both infested and uninfested trees were also evaluated for resistance. Using an artificial infestation technique, adult and egg count data were collected over 2 years and analyzed with generalized linear mixed methods to account for nonnormal distributions of the response variables. A significant effect for family was found for each variable. Family least squares means were computed as a measure of resistance and repeatabilities were calculated to provide an upper limit estimate of broad-sense heritability. The two families that ranked highest for resistance were the full-sib family from two uninfested parents and the half-sib family from a stand where all diseased trees had been removed. Together, the results suggest that selection and breeding may be an effective means to improve populations for artificial regeneration, and silvicultural treatments may provide an effective management option for mitigating beech bark disease through managing the genetic composition of natural regeneration.


text:
Asar-i Sevket (Ottoman Turkish: Work of God) was a central battery ship built for the Ottoman Navy in the 1860s. Originally ordered by the Eyalet of Egypt but confiscated by the Ottoman Empire while under construction, the vessel was initially named Kahira. The ship was laid down at the French Forges et Chantiers de la Gironde shipyard in 1867, was launched in 1868, and was commissioned into the Ottoman fleet in March 1870. Asar-i Sevket was armed with a battery of four 178 mm (7 in) Armstrong guns in a central casemate and one 229 mm (9 in) Armstrong gun in a revolving barbette.
The ship saw action in the Russo-Turkish War in _PHONE_, where she supported Ottoman forces in the Caucasus, and later helped to defend the port of Sulina on the Danube. She was laid up for twenty years, until the outbreak of the Greco-Turkish War in 1897, which highlighted the badly deteriorated state of the Ottoman fleet. Asar-i Sevket was not included in the major reconstruction program that saw most of the other ironclads rebuilt after the war, and she was decommissioned in 1903 and broken up for scrap in 1909.
Asar-i Sevket was 66.4 m (217 ft 10 in) long overall, with a beam of 12.9 m (42 ft 4 in) and a draft of 5 m (16 ft 5 in). The hull was constructed with iron, incorporated a ram bow and a partial double bottom. She displaced 2,047 metric tons (2,015 long tons; 2,256 short tons) normally. She had a crew of 170 officers and enlisted men.
The ship was powered by a single horizontal compound steam engine which drove a single screw propeller. Steam was provided by four coal-fired box boilers that were trunked into a single funnel amidships. The engine was rated at 1,750 indicated horsepower (1,300 kW) and produced a top speed of 12 knots (22 km/h; 14 mph), though by 1877 she was only capable of 8 kn (15 km/h; 9.2 mph). Asar-i Sevket carried 300 t (300 long tons; 330 short tons) of coal. A supplementary brig rig was also fitted.
Asar-i Sevket was armed with a battery of one 229 mm (9 in) muzzle loading Armstrong gun and four 178 mm (7 in) Armstrong guns. The 178 mm guns were mounted in a central, armored battery, with the 229 mm gun on top in an open barbette mount. The ship's armored belt consisted of wrought iron that was 152 mm (6 in) thick and was reduced to 114 mm (4.5 in) toward the bow and stern. Above the main belt, a strake of armor 114 mm thick protected the central battery, and the same thickness was used for the barbette.
Asar-i Sevket, meaning "Work of God", was originally ordered by the Eyalet of Egypt, a province of the Ottoman Empire, in 1866 from the French Forges et Chantiers de la Gironde shipyard in Bordeaux under the name Kahira. Her keel was laid down in 1867, and she was launched the following year. Egyptian efforts to assert their independence angered Sultan Abdulaziz, who, on 5 June 1867, demanded Egypt surrender all of the ironclads ordered from foreign shipyards. After lengthy negotiations the vessel was formally transferred to the Ottoman Empire on 29 August 1868. The ship was then renamed Asar-i Sevket and commissioned into the Ottoman Navy on 3 March 1870.
Upon completion, Asar-i Sevket and the other ironclads then being built in Britain and France were sent to Crete to assist in the aftermath of the Cretan Revolt of _PHONE_. During this period, the Ottoman fleet, under Hobart Pasha, remained largely inactive, with training confined to reading translated British instruction manuals. Asar-i Sevket was assigned to the I Squadron of the Asiatic Fleet, along with her sister ship Necm-i Sevket and the ironclads Hifz-ur Rahman and Lutf-u Celil. Early in the ship's career, the Ottoman ironclad fleet was activated every summer for short cruises from the Golden Horn to the Bosporus to ensure their propulsion systems were in operable condition.
The Ottoman fleet began mobilizing in September 1876 to prepare for a conflict with Russia, as tensions with the country had been growing for several years, an insurrection had begun in Ottoman Bosnia in mid-1875, and Serbia had declared war on the Ottoman Empire in July 1876. The Russo-Turkish War began on 24 April 1877 with a Russian declaration of war. By this time, Asar-i Sevket had been transferred to the I Division in the Mediterranean Fleet, but she was quickly transferred to the Black Sea squadron, with the bulk of the Ottoman ironclad fleet. The Ottoman fleet, commanded by Hobart Pasha, was vastly superior to the Russian Black Sea Fleet; the only ironclads the Russians possessed there were Vitse-admiral Popov and Novgorod, circular vessels that had proved to be useless in service. The presence of the fleet did force the Russians to keep two corps in reserve for coastal defense, but the Ottoman high command failed to make use of its naval superiority in a more meaningful way, particularly to hinder the Russian advance into the Balkans. Hobart Pasha took the fleet to the eastern Black Sea, where he was able to make a more aggressive use of it to support the Ottoman forces battling the Russians in the Caucasus. The fleet bombarded Poti and assisted in the defense of Batumi.
In May, Asar-i Sevket, the steam frigate Mubir-i Surur, and several transport ships steamed to Batumi. Over the course of the war, Russian torpedo boats made several attacks on the vessels stationed in Batumi, but Asar-i Sevket was not damaged in any of them. By the end of June, Asar-i Sevket was transferred to the port of Sulina at the mouth of the Danube, along with the ironclads Muin-i Zafer and Hifz-ur Rahman. The ships were tasked with defending the seaward approach to the port, supporting three coastal fortifications. By August, the ship had been transferred to Sukhumi. There, on the night of 24 August, four Russian torpedo boats launched an attack on the ships in the harbor. One of the boats succeeded in detonating its spar torpedo under Asar-i Sevket's hull and claimed to sink her, but the ironclad was undamaged in the attack.
After the end of the war in 1878, Asar-i Sevket was laid up in Constantinople. This was in part due to chronically low budgets, and in part due to the fact that the Sultan, Abdul Hamid II, who had come to power after a coup deposed Murad V that involved senior members of the Navy, distrusted the Navy. The annual summer cruises to the Bosporus ended. By the mid-1880s, the Ottoman ironclad fleet was in poor condition, and Asar-i Sevket was unable to go to sea. Many of the ships' engines were unusable, having seized up from rust, and their hulls were badly fouled. The British naval attache to the Ottoman Empire at the time estimated that the Imperial Arsenal would take six months to get just five of the ironclads ready to go to sea. Throughout this period, the ship's crew was limited to about one-third the normal figure. During a period of tension with Greece in 1886, the fleet was brought to full crews and the ships were prepared to go to sea, but none actually left the Golden Horn, and they were quickly laid up again. By that time, most of the ships were capable of little more than 4 to 6 knots (7.4 to 11.1 km/h; 4.6 to 6.9 mph). In 1890, the ship was taken to the Imperial Arsenal for refitting, and new boilers were installed. The ship also received a battery of light guns, including two 87 mm (3.4 in) Krupp guns, two 63.5 mm (2.50 in) Krupp guns, two 37 mm (1.5 in) Hotchkiss revolver cannon, and one 25.4 mm (1 in) Nordenfelt gun. The ship returned to service on 12 February 1892.
At the start of the Greco-Turkish War in February 1897, the Ottomans inspected the fleet and found that almost all of the vessels, including Asar-i Sevket, to be completely unfit for combat against the Greek Navy. Many of the ships had rotted hulls and their crews are poorly trained. Through April and May, elements the Ottoman fleet made several sorties into the Aegean Sea in an attempt to raise morale among the ships' crews, though the Ottomans had no intention of attacking Greek forces. During these operations, Asar-i Sevket and the rest of the ironclad fleet ventured no further than Naga, the narrowest point of the Dardanelles. The condition of the Ottoman fleet could not be concealed from foreign observers, which proved to be an embarrassment for the government and finally forced Abdul Hamid II to authorize a modernization program, which recommended that the ironclads be modernized in foreign shipyards. German firms, including Krupp, Schichau-We


text:
Research Applied: FBR Précis for the Practitioner
We continue our series of Research Applied with summaries and practical applications of two articles on philanthropy from the September Special Issue of FBR: Social Issues in the Family Enterprise
- Does Family Involvement Make Firms Donate More? Empirical Evidence from Chinese Private Firms
- Firm Philanthropy in Small and Medium-Sized Family Firms: The Effects of Family Involvement in Ownership and Management
Summary 1: Does Family Involvement Make Firms Donate More? Empirical Evidence From Chinese Private Firms
Junsheng Dou, Zhongyuan Zhang and Emma Su
This article's research question is: Whether and under what condition family involvement positively impacts firms' charitable donations?
The authors studied 2,921 private Chinese firms' charitable donations, which are seen as a main part of firms' proactive stakeholder engagement (PSE). Donations are a discretionary responsibility, which means that firms make their own decisions on whether and how much to donate. Donations also put pressure on firms' flow of cash and other resources, and thus are short-term sacrifices for the potential long-term advantages of enhancing firms' reputations and public images and accumulating moral and social capital for the firm.
The authors define family involvement as composed of three dimensions:
- Family ownership describes the ownership percentage of the family
- Family management describes how many family members are practically involved in management
- Family duration of control describes how long the family has control over the firm
The authors argue that these three dimensions of family involvement positively influence the level of donations. They further tested whether or not the willingness of the next generation to assume control of the firm altered these relationships.
The importance of measuring the influence of family involvement on charitable donations lies in its theoretical implications since it demonstrates the different logic attributed to family firm owners as compared to nonfamily ones. An empirical validation like this study could help researchers and practitioners answer questions such as:
- Do family firms really have a different decision making process?
- Do family owners really sacrifice economic short-term gains for the long-term ones?
- What dimension of family involvement influences the social initiative at the firm level?
- What is the negative influence of the next generation's unwillingness to assume control of the firm on charitable donations?
This study found that family ownership and duration of control were positively associated with charitable giving. The study further shows that family percentage of ownership and a longer duration of family control have a significant positive influence on charitable donations.
However, the next generation's unwillingness to assume control of the firm weakened the positive family ownership-charitable giving relationship. This study reinforces the role of the next generation of family business leaders on the long-term orientation and pro-social behavior of family firms.
Practitioners will find that this study continues the stream of recent family business research which demonstrates the power of non-financial pursuits in family firms. Practitioners need to continue to be cognizant of the strength of the non-financial pursuits of their clients.
Summary 2: Firm Philanthropy in Small and Medium-Sized Family Firms: The Effects of Family Involvement in Ownership and Management
Giovanna Campopiano, Alfredo De Massis and Francesco Chirico
This study of 130 small and medium sized firms in northern Italy was conducted with the purpose of learning about the effects of family involvement in ownership and management on firm philanthropy. (Small and medium-sized firms are defined as having an annual turnover of between 2 and 50 million Euros.) The authors describe "firm philanthropy" as:
- altruistic activities intended to serve others
- the act of donating money, goods and services to support a socially beneficial or humanitarian cause
- a discretionary wealth transfer of net income to stakeholders
The study draws on stewardship theory, which considers the family as a source of competitive advantage based upon three main aspects:
- significant investment in the business and its future
- virtually unconditional funding of this investment
- a strong willingness to pursue long-term goals even at the expense of short-term gains
Social networks and reputational capital, which can be fueled by philanthropy, are key resources to maintain competitive advantages.
The authors describe the study results as supporting the propositions that the propensity for philanthropic activity in a family firm:
- increases with the degree of family ownership
- increases as ownership becomes more dispersed among family members
Reasons for this propensity include the higher motivation in family owned businesses to create a multi-generational family enterprise which, in turn, depends upon a number of factors, some of which are strengthened through firm philanthropy, such as:
- building the reputation of the firm
- helping to build a working environment that rewards support and collaboration
- fostering and developing a skilled workforce
- making connections to stakeholders in the community
As the number of family owners involved in the business increases, their social networks are likely to expand as well.
In a somewhat counterintuitive perspective, the authors interpret some mixed survey data to conclude that a greater concentration of family members as managers, in proportion to all family members involved in the company, reduces the propensity for firm philanthropy. They argue that a significant number of family managers leads to more conflict, more divergent views of priorities, less stewardship behavior and more allocation of resources inwardly toward business needs. Further studies are needed to determine whether these propositions apply to larger family firms or might change with a larger sample size across countries and cultures.
Practitioners should consider some useful lessons that arise from the authors' work. To maximize the positive impact of firm philanthropy on the long-term success of a family firm, efforts are needed to help family firms understand the benefits of firm philanthropy and its relationship to business sustainability. Governance efforts are important to help align family managers, family employees and family ownership goals for firm philanthropy. The larger the number of family managers in the firm, the more challenging the governance process to focus and sustain firm philanthropy commitment.
About the Contributor:
Karen L. Vinton, Ph.D. is a 1999 Barbara Hollander Award winner and Professor Emeritus of Business at the College of Business at Montana State University, where she founded the University's Family Business Program. An FFI Fellow, she has served on the FFI board of directors and chaired the Body of Knowledge committee. From 1997 through 2011, Vinton served on the editorial board of Family Business Review and is the current assistant editor. Karen can be reached at [email protected].
Yours in Practice,


Speysider/Tabber Code
5,375pages on
this wiki
< User:Speysider
This page explains how to generate a userpage with tabs similar to the one used here: User:Speysider
The tabber code is generated by using the following HTML:
You can use as many tabs as you want, but too many will cause the layout to become broken as this site is extremely narrow. This problem may not be present on other wikia's.
One Tab
This is the general usage for a one tab box using tabber.
Name of the tab=Content to appear
For example, if you wanted a tab called About Me, you would do this:
About Me=Hello, my name is X and I do Y on this wiki
This would generate something like this:
More tabs
It's important to note that a special breaker code is required in order to separate the tabs. That breaker code is this:
Every usage of this code will generate a new tab, similar to the | pipe character in a template. This would be the general usage of a multi-tab box.
Name of Tab #1=Content for Tab #1
Name of Tab #2=Content for Tab #2
You would just keep repeating the breaker code for every tab you create. For example, you could create something like this:
Tab #1=This is the content for Tab #1.
Tab #2=This is the content for Tab #2.
The output for that tabber code is this:
This is the content for Tab #1.
This is the content for Tab #2.
I hope this helps anyone wishing to generate a userpage like mine :D
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text:
Near the cathedral is Provand's Lordship, the oldest house in Glasgow. This rare example of 15th-century domestic Scottish architecture was built in 1471 as a manse. The ceilings and doorways are low, and the rooms are furnished with period furniture and artefacts; upstairs a room recreates the living space of an early-16th-century chaplain. The building's biggest draw is its authentic feel, though it's a shame the original wooden floors have had to be covered for protection.
Provand's Lordship was once one of several dozen religious buildings in the immediate vicinity of the cathedral. It was built to house the master of the St Nicholas chapel and hospital, which once stood just to the south. Behind Provand's Lordship, the St Nicholas Garden recreates what a 15th-century hospital garden might have been like.


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Charles Leonard Cropper was born in Ulverston, Lancashire, England in January 1894, the middle child of the Reverend Charles Henry Edward Cropper and Ethel Mary (Green). He was educated at Trent College, Nottingham and London University, training as a school teacher. Following his WWI service (as a Captain, 5th Northamptonshire Regiment), he moved to Canada in March 1920. His aim was to farm in Saskatchewan, where he spent a few years. However, at the urging of his uncle, Hugh Septimus Green (already a resident), he made his way to Salt Spring Island and took up 20 acres of land on the Fulford-Ganges Road (bordering Mereside Farm) .
Working with Mr. Beddis, a carpenter, he built a home and barns and established an orchard. In addition to finding work where available, he raised chickens, and also grew raspberries. In June 1925 he married Mary Stuart Davidson, a Scottish nurse working at Lady Minto Hospital. Their son, Leonard Atholl Stuart, was born in October 1927, followed five years later by twins, Doris and Muriel.
When Formby House School became available, Charles Leonard moved his family to Ganges and for the next five years ran the school, until the family moved to Victoria in 1940. As well as academic subjects for the approximately 25 students, Mr. Cropper coached his pupils in Archery and .22 Rifles, building target practice ranges on the 9-acre property. He was invited to be President of the Ganges Boys Club and remained in this role until the family left the Island. He was also very involved in Theatre productions on the Island.
After leaving Salt Spring, Mr. Cropper taught at St. Michael's University School in Victoria until his death in 1957. The family did not return but have continued to harbour a keen interest in the Island and its welfare through the years.more photos


Dictionary » N » Nernsts equation
Nernsts equation
Nernst's equation
The equation relating the equilibrium potential of electrodes to ion concentrations; the equation relating the electrical potential and concentration gradient of an ion across a permeable membrane at equilibrium: E = [RT / nF
Origin: Ln (C1/C 2)], where E = potential, R = absolute gas constant, T = absolute temperature, n = valence, F = the Faraday, ln = the natural logarithm, and C1 and C2 are the ion concentrations on the two sides; in nonideal solutions, concentration should be replaced by activity.
See: nernst's theory, activity.
Please contribute to this project, if you have more information about this term feel free to edit this page
This page was last modified 21:16, 3 October 2005. This page has been accessed 2,170 times.
What links here | Related changes | Permanent link


text:
10 Oct Why do you have 2 teachers in a classroom with twice as many kids? Would it not be easier to split classes and have 1 teacher and half as many kids?
Yes, it is probably easier for the master schedule. However, we have found you give up 50% of the connections that can be made by having a math and a CTE teacher in the same classroom. It is the connections that make this class exciting for the students.


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As mentioned previously, the U.S. Census Bureau recently announced the 2010 mean centre of the United States
The center is determined as the place where an imaginary, flat, weightless and rigid map of the United States would balance perfectly if all residents were of identical weight.
Records for this place go back to 1790. The precise location changing over time, reflecting immigration and migration west and south. The Census Bureau has now released an animated (Flash) map displaying the evolution of its position, indicating which States were in the Union at the time. Check it out below:

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Archived Post
Apple purportedly wants 'folded cameras' with periscope lenses in future iPhones
Apple has begun looking for suppliers of "folded cameras" in order to strengthen the optical zoom feature of its iPhones, according to Korea IT News
A folded camera refracts light like a periscope and has lenses and sensors placed horizontally and not vertically. Korea IT News says that Apple plans to introduce triple cameras to its smartphone line. If a smartphone has a such a lens, it can provide a hybrid zoom range of 10X or even higher depending on the tunnel length and lens element arrangement.
Periscope lenses allow for greater optical zoom by bouncing light inside the phone off a mirror before passing it through another smaller lens which can be moved closer and further away from the sensor, amplifying the light even more.
Apple has been granted for periscope lens over the years. For example, in 2015, it was granted a parent for "Mirror Tilt Actuation" (pictured above) for an assembly the includes a folded optics arrangement such that light enters the lens and mirror assembly through a first lens with an optical axis of the first lens orthogonal to the plurality of moveable lens elements.
And last year the US Patent and Trademark Office granted Apple two patents for a periscope camera lens. The first was a "folded lens system with five refractive lenses" and the second patent was for "three refractive lenses."
Dennis Sellers
the authorDennis Sellers


text: This paper investigates a performance analysis of wave excitation force prediction to extract wave power for a slider crank power take-off system (PTOS) based on auto regressive (AR) filters. To efficiently convert wave energy into electricity, the prediction of wave excitation forces to keep the generator and the wave excitation force in sync is important for maximum energy extraction. The study shows a prediction methodology of half period and zero crossings in the practical scenario of irregular ocean waves. The prediction has been tested for different wave periods and with different filter orders. The prediction results have been used in the PTOS simulation to analyze the energy extraction. It has been shown that the prediction accuracy in the wave half period between the truth data and the predicted data drives the WEC energy extraction efficiency. The amplitude of the wave force is not used and hence the prediction deviation in the wave force amplitude does not affect the PTOS energy extraction. Further analysis shows that the optimum energy can be extracted at 15th order filter with moderate prediction horizon length.


text:
Beta-amyloid (β-A) peptides are potential biomarkers to monitor Alzheimer's diseases (AD) for diagnostic purposes. Increased β-A level is neurotoxic and induces oxidative stress in brain resulting in neurodegeneration and causes dementia. As of now, no sensitive and inexpensive method is available for β-A detection under physiological and pathological conditions. Although, available methods such as neuroimaging, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detect β-A, but they are not yet extended at point-of-care (POC) due to sophisticated equipments, need of high expertize, complicated operations, and challenge of low detection limit. Recently, β-A antibody based electrochemical immuno-sensing approach has been explored to detect β-A at pM levels within 30-40 min compared to 6-8h of ELISA test. The introduction of nano-enabling electrochemical sensing technology could enable rapid detection of β-A at POC and may facilitate fast personalized health care delivery. This review explores recent advancements in nano-enabling electrochemical β-A sensing technologies towards POC application to AD management. These analytical tools can serve as an analytical tool for AD management program to obtain bio-informatics needed to optimize therapeutics for neurodegenerative diseases diagnosis management.
Keywords: Alzheimer's diseases; Beta-amyloid; Diseases management; Electrochemical sensor; Point-of-care sensing.
Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.


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Showing posts from October, 2015
Five Common Decorating Mistakes
Five Common Decorating Mistakes By Stephanie Platt, Interior Designer and Staging Assistant for A Goode Start Are you decorating a space in your house or do you have a space that just doesn't;t work and you can't figure out what the problem is? Below is a list of some common mistakes that when addressed can make a big impact on your space. 1. Not Enough Light - The key to creating an effective lighting plan in your space is to use layers. There are three categories of lighting and all three need to be used to create a well lit space. GeneralGeneral lighting, also known as ambient light, provides your room with overall light. The most common types of general lighting is chandeliers, ceiling or wall mounted fixtures, recessed lights and floor/table lamps. The overall light in a space should be comfortable and allow you to perform tasks and move around safely. TaskThink of task light as light for your work space. It is lighting that helps you perform certain ac


text:
Follow us:Follow Us on Twitter Like Us on Facebook Follow Us on Google+ Watch videos on our Youtube channel
Evaluation of how medications are used at Cedars-Sinai is a way to ensure that usage is appropriate, safe and cost-effective.
Evaluations are done with other healthcare providers using an evidence-based approach. Additionally, the Drug Use Policy pharmacist works with the medical staff to develop guidelines for medication use.
Pharmacists also play an active role in the Medical Center's multidisciplinary Medication Management Safety Committee, which is responsible for designing and implementing strategies to create a safer medication use system. The objectives of the committee are to:
- Improve reporting through a non-punitive culture and evaluate errors and potential errors to ensure safety of systems
- Create interdisciplinary synergies through collaboration on improving medication safety and education of clinicians and patients
- Identify problem prone processes and conduct tests of changes to improve safety
- Conduct and utilize medication safety research and best practices to improve processes
- Make policy recommendations


LabVIEW
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write data from different sequences to seperate tabs in lvm
In every sequence I have data to write to an lvm. I want the data from each sequence to be written into different tabs (worksheets) in the lvm. This way I have one file every time I run the VI but the data from the different sequences is seperated. Thanks.
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There is no such thing as worksheets in an lvm file. It is a text file. In order to write to different worksheets, you need to write to an Excel file. This requires ActiveX and the Report Generation Toolkit or you can write your own functions. I would suggest looking at the Excel example that ships with LabVIEW and then looking at the examples posted to the Excel board.
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text:
Goal of the experiment :
A walking droplet is placed in a square box, at the onset of Faraday thresold.
The trajectory of the droplet is mapped.
In the long time limit, does a self-interference pattern appear? what's its shape? How does it relate to the square cavity surface wave eigen-modes?
cf. experiment by Bush et al. : in a circular corral
In short, we try to reproduce the experiment of Bush et al, but in a square box.
First result :
A walking droplet in a square cavity shows random motion, but with time, its trajectory is building a statistic reminiscent of the resonant mode of the cavity.
This can be seen by the naked eye in this movie excerpt :
This is then confirmed with optical tracking measurment of the trajectory :
The position distribution (~probability density) is then computed :
PDF Version of this résumé :


text:
'Geosystem' is a new term that identifies a very old and well established construction technique which involves using and/or interfacing with the ground (see History). The methodology and engineering input are what make a geo-component a fully working Geosystem. More specifically, 'Geosystems' are defined as composite systems installed and working in the ground which contain three fundamental elements:
Design input and technical expertise are the engineering factors required to ensure a Geosystem is appropriately selected and specified to perform successfully on site:
Selecting the most suitable Geosystem for the site
The selection of a Geosystem needs to be based on the site conditions and on the requirements and aspirations of the client. The Selection of Geosystems page deals in more detail with the suitability of Geosystems for generic types of site. Here are some examples of criteria to take into account when deciding upon the best Geosystem for the site:
Designing a Geosystem
Geo-component suppliers and manufacturers generally offer technical advice and guidance on their products; some suppliers might even offer in-house design services often covered by some level of indemnity.
Whether or not such technical/design services would be suitable and sufficient will depend on the size of the site and contractual conditions within the supply chain (client – contractorsupplier – designer), specifically in relation to liability and requirements for warranties/guarantees.
The help of an independent design professional might be sought to determine if the solutions proposed by manufacturers or suppliers are suitable, in accordance both with relevant design codes or guidance and with the environmental requirements and aspirations of the specific project.
Some examples of how using Geosystems can result in carbon savings are available from the Case Studies section of this module. Resource efficiency is realised through opportunities for using local arisings, including soil excavated from the site, but also through whole life considerations: in general, Geosystems lend themselves for deconstruction and recycling at the end of their service life.
Soil, as used within civil engineering for Geosystems, is any type of unconsolidated fill material, either granular or cohesive. Excavated arisings, imported recycled or natural aggregates, weathered rock, soft clay sediments are all types of soil fill that can be used in Geosystems.
Engineered geo-components are manufactured elements such as meshes, strips, textiles, boxes, tubes etc. made of steel, polymers, natural fibres, concrete, timber etc. They are used to provide a specific function within the geosystem, such as containment/reinforcement of the soil and additional drainage.


Ada Salter
Pioneer of Ethical Socialism
ISBN: 9781910448014 Categories:,
Format: Paperback
Publication date: January 1, 2016
Page extent: 289
116 in stock
This rich history tells the life story of Ada Salter, who, in the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries, had pioneering roles in local politics as well as in feminist and ethical socialist movements. Graham Taylor here shifts the focus, usually on Ada's husband Alfred, to Ada's remarkable work, and her significant impact on Bermondsey and on national politics.
Both in the 'Bermondsey revolution' and nationally, Ada Salter was a pioneer of ethical socialism. Yet her role in the socialist politics of the early twentieth century has for a long time been neglected. This book, based on extensive original research, for the first time tells the story of this remarkable woman, and documents her significance for the history of both socialism and feminism.
Salter was responsible for most of the ideas behind the Bermondsey Revolution, drawing on her experiences in the women's movement and as President of the Women's Labour League. Her groundbreaking ideas on urban development then spread all over London through her work as an LCC councillor, and all over Britain through her role as Chair of the National Gardens Guild.
The book shows how Salter's experiences as a 'Sister of the People' in the London slums eventually led her to the Independent Labour Party, and to the belief that achieving democracy and social justice in Britain required a grassroots alliance between the labour and women's movements. Other women in the ILP had similar ideas, but it was only Ada Salter who actually took political power, implemented her 'utopian' ideas, and won elections by huge majorities.
Ideas of ethical socialism have recently returned to contemporary politics, adding to Ada Salter's importance as a figure of topical historical interest. Her story is thus one that deeply resonates with contemporary political concerns.
1. The twin movements
2. The Sisters of the People
3. The Bermondsey Settlement
4. The break with the Liberals
5. Ada makes history
6. Personal tragedy
7. The Women's Labour League
8. The World War
9. The Bermondsey RevolutionFREE CHAPTER
10. Ada triumphant
11. Death and despair
12. The new world
Appendix: Election Results


text:
How Do I Connect My Samsung TV to Wi-Fi Without Remote?
In order to connect to the internet, your Samsung TV must be connected to a Wi-Fi network. This can be accomplished by using the SmartThings app or the digital remote service. Open the settings menu on your SmartThings app, select the Devices tab, and then tap "Add a New Device." Once you find your Samsung television, press the menu button to choose it. When prompted, press "Yes" to connect the TV to the network. The SmartThings app will then ask you for a password or an access code, so you can enter this information. Once you've successfully entered a password or passcode, your Samsung TV should be connected to the internet.


text:
Old Canadian Cemeteries: Places of Memory by Jane Irwin, photographed by John de Visser
In her Acknowledgments section, Ms. Irwin notes two reasons why cemeteries are fascinating.
"Cemeteries are set apart from the mundane pressures of our everyday lives, they have an inherent power to provide a brief respite from temporary concerns and a chance to see our own life in a longer perspective."
Her second observation warns that, "Searching out favorite themes…may develop into a kind of addiction," comes too late for this writer, as finding new carvings has turned into a serious hobby, not unlike bird watching.
Luckily, Old Canadian Cemeteries indulges both of these cravings.
Beginning with the chapter, Changing Burial Traditions, one travels from the 7,500 years-old burial cairn in L'Anse Amour in Southern Labrador to the ghost town graveyards in Ancestral Ties to the six Lawson grandchildren at the Old Burying Ground, Halifax to multicultural Ross Bay Cemetery in Exploring Canada's Historic Cemeteries. Eventually, the reader brushes up on Canadian history in National Memory.
Irwin also writes on stone inscriptions, the highlight being the Puzzle Stone in Ontario's Methodist Rushes Cemetery, created in 1865 by Samuel Bean for wives Henrietta and Susanna. It's meant to be read in a circulating, outward pattern.
Ultimately, the best chapter is Old Canadian Cemeteries, A Visual Tour. Here, the photos speak for themselves through various shades of light and weather. They are best reflected in a shot of the Holy Sepulchre cemetery in Ontario, where rows of white, cowled figures silently stand guard over their assigned memorial stones.


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How do Europeans travel in Australia? Examining cultural convergence in travel behaviour
The impacts of globalisation and cultural convergence theory have been discussed in various research areas. Scholars agree that global consumer behaviour becomes increasingly homogenous. However, in tourism, there is still evidence that visitor markets are distinguished and segmented according to their nationality. This study argues that national borders have lost in significance to separate markets. By means of a correspondence analysis, this study provides evidence that European travel...[Show more]
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Items in Open Research are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise indicated.


How To Whisper In Roblox & Send Private Messages
Looking to make new friends in Roblox by sending them private messages? Check out this guide to learn how to whisper.
Roblox like most online games allows the players to whisper or send private messages to each other. It is an online game platform that has a massive number of players and a ton of games. Since there are a lot of games to play and many players playing them, it allows you opportunities to make friends. You can also use the whisper feature to come up with strategies to win the match based on the game that you are playing. So in this guide, let us take a look at how to whisper and send private messages in Roblox.
How to Whisper in Roblox and Send Messages?
how to whisper in roblox
 1. Start playing a Roblox game of your choice.
 2. Click on the text field in the chatbox on the top left side of the screen. Alternatively, you can also press "/" on your keyboard.
 3. Type "/w" or "/whisper" (without the double quotes) then a space followed by the name of the player you want to message.
 4. When you start typing the name of the player the chatbox should autofill it in brackets with a To before the name in purple color. So for example, if you are messaging to player "abc" it should look like "[Toabc]".
 5. If done correctly, you should also see the message saying you are now privately chatting with "player name".
 6. Now simply type the message you want and press enter to send it.
An important thing to remember here is this method will work for most games but not every game. That is because some games that use a custom chat system might have this feature disabled and hence you can't send private messages in those games. Also, you can only chat by whispering with players when you both are in the same game. If you want to chat after that or in other games you should add them as a friend.
How to Send Messages to Roblox Players
In case you want to send messages to players outside a game then follow the below steps.
 1. Search for the player you want to chat with.
 2. If you get the option to message them you can send a message, else you will have to add them first.
 3. Once they are your friend you can chat with them.
Remember that you need to add your email id if you want to send messages without adding friends.
That covers everything you need to know about how to whisper or send private messages in Roblox. If you love playing this game then be sure to check out our Roblox section for more helpful guides.


The Fresh Loaf
News & Information for Amateur Bakers and Artisan Bread Enthusiasts
How old can a starter REALLY be?
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ElPanadero's picture
How old can a starter REALLY be?
Couple of other threads are branching off into discussion of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. I thought therefore I would open a new one for better organisation and focus of topic.
I want to ask, just how old can one claim a flour-water "starter" to be?
First a couple of factoids about Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
1. The yeast cells double every 90-100mins or so
2. The mean life span of a cell is 26 generations
100min x 26 = 2600 mins which is 43 hours which is just short of 2 days.
Like our own human bodies, every cell that makes us what we are, dies off in time, but thankfully the cells are replicated before that happens. The replication time for our various cells varies tremendously but it is believed that the cells with the largest replication cycle are 10yrs. The implication of this is philosophically intriguing. It means you are no older than 10yrs no matter how old you believe you are, or at least there is no cell in your body older than 10yrs! A counter philosophical thought is that everything that is "us" is made up of matter, and since matter can neither be created nor destroyed then all the matter that makes up our bodies has been here since the dawn of the universe itself, in which case we are many billions of years old.
What we choose to define as the "human being" defines how old we are. If it's our cells, then we're 10yrs old, if it's the primordial matter, then billions of years old.
And so back to wild yeast starters and our good friend Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
If each yeast cell lives no longer than a couple of days, how in any true and just sense could it be said that there exists a "20 yr old grandmother starter"? In looking for possibilities, I wonder whether this refers to some other elements of the starter that actually ARE 20 yrs old or is the whole notion simply a lot of kidology and hocus pocus?
Consider this. I light a wood fire in the chimenea in my garden and feed it with a constant stream of new fresh fire wood. For 20 years I keep it going and never once let the fire go out. Tell me, is my fire 20yrs old? Is there any part of it that is truly 20yrs old? It has had new fresh wood constantly, and new fresh oxygen constantly, so surely the flames I am seeing are new fresh flames and all the gasses and products of combustion are equally being given off freshly. Nothing in there is 20yrs old unless perhaps the ashes produced linger on for that length of time (but then do the ashes constitute the fire?).
I'm intrigured by this notion of these very old starters given that any starter is a symbiotic balance of yeasts and bacteria that are constantly fed, which replicate for a finite number of generations and then die.
Common sense says there must be "something" in these starters aside from the yeasts and bacteria that does somehow survive through the years or else it's all a bit disingenuous.
Can anyone tell me what that "something" is?
adri's picture
Are you searching for a soul in sourdough starters? ;) This seems to be a more philosophical question and I'm not sure whether I can write something about it because of my English as a third language skills or.... well I'll give it a try.
I'm not sure for yeast, but for other fungii, spores can survive quite a long time. That our yeast forms spores you can see here:
ontopic again:
What do we want from a starter? That it has a good taste, gives good rise,... And we want it to be stable. But what does "stable" mean?
In my opinion: It should give reproducible results. It should be strong against other germs. If neglected for a while it should recover.
You can see this as an ecosystem or society. The typical schoolbook example with insects and birds: If there is a lot of insects, birds have a lot of food. More birds will survive the winter and have more children. They will eat more insects therefore soon there will be less food for the birds. Therefore less birds. Therefore more insects.... An now add birds of prey, and plants eaten by the insects,... and you'll have an ecosystem.
Such an ecosystem has more a moving equilibrium than a steady state. You can influence it from outside e.g. when a winter kills a lot of insects and the migratory birds won't find enough food in spring.
A "stable" ecosystem should be able to recover from that. It needs more to influence it (like Monsanto, Sygenta and Bayer killing all insects.) An unstable ecosystem can easily be disturbed. In such a stable ecosystem, after a few years it won't be the same insects and same birds, but their children, grandchildren, great-grandchildren... and so on. But it is still the same ecosystem.
From an outside view: I'd say, if an ecosystem has been able to recover from a lot of turbulences like hard winters, hot or cold summers... and does not diverge in one direction if the outer parameters stay the same for a while (... and a while more)... you can consider it stable.
Transferred to sourdough starter: If it's been there for many years and always performed well, it is likely to have created a good and stable ecosystem.
Just my thoughts about it.
ElPanadero's picture
Appreciate the thoughts. Not entirely sure you understood the question. Let me try again. In your last statement you said :
My question is, is there any part of that good and stable ecosystem that is actually years old? I'm suggesting that any yeasts in there will no no older than 2 days. Do you agree?
adri's picture
The US American society is no older than 114 years and 252 days as it is the age of Jeralean Talley is the oldest citizen?
MisterTT's picture
point of view I could say that there is still a portion of flour and water that were used to start the starter, and a portion of flour and water of subsequent feedings. This is pretty simple to realize, knowing that the amount of initial flour/water decreases exponentially (assuming a perfectly homogenous starter), but the exponential function is always positive and is only zero "at infinity". This is limited, of course, by the elementary parts (molecules, atoms, whatever you would care to take into account) of initial flour/water, that is, when you get less than half of an atom remaining (by calculation, in practice this isn't actually possible), the original flour/water mixture is extinct.
This is all moot, however. Exponents die down so quickly that an AP starter can get converted to rye in about three feedings, so there is no practical use to these considerations. I'm no biochemist, but I think that when a stable ecosystem of various microorganisms is reached in one starter or another, it stays very much the same if not messed with too much. The notion of "old" starters is much more romance than fact in my opinion.
Joyofgluten's picture
"The notion of "old" starters is much more romance than fact" I'm with you fully on that.
srulybpsyd's picture
This sounds like some deep stuff!
Would a practical appliication of this question be: What is the benefit of maintaining a starter over long periods of time, unless one bakes with it very frequently?
(For instance, if I only bake sourdough bread every once in a while, is it worth expending the effort (and money) maintaining it, or would it be the same if I started from scratch each time?)
MisterTT's picture
by maintaining it rather than starting a new one each time :) That's the best reason to maintain it that I know. However, there are some archaic recipes that just call for flour and water and are done over several days, I've seen a thread about one not too long ago.
DavidEF's picture
As far as I can logically deduce, there is no part of the starter that can be years old. It would have been diluted out in days, if fed every day, or at least in weeks or months. But, the ecosystem is the surviving part. The U.S.A. is hundreds of years old, some of the individual states are older than the U.S.A. and some younger. Cities have an even wider range of ages. But the people, plants and animals are different now than they were then. Only the ecosystem is the same, and not even that is completely so, as the character of the ecosystem is influenced by the current generation living in it.
There is a benefit to an ecosystem getting older, whether it be a human governmental organization or a sourdough starter. That is, the changes that take place in the environment, especially catastrophic changes, tend to strengthen the ecosystem by weeding out the weakest elements and catalyzing adaptation in the survivors. Survival of the fittest, so to speak. But not just survival, thriving.
Look at the ever present problem of sickness and disease. We try to kill


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This unusually tame (and chilly) Carnival has just about come to an end, which means New Orleans and its millions of visitors can hopefully plan for a return to normalcy, sans coronavirus, for Mardi Gras 2022.
So when will he revelry and parades make their return to the Crescent City?
You have more than a year to plan ahead: Fat Tuesday next year lands on March 1.
We'll let Melinda Daffin, a former NOLA.com writer, take it from here:
Why isn't Mardi Gras on the same day every year?
Because it's tied to Easter, which doesn't happen on the same day every year. Buckle up, because this involves math, astronomy and religion.
Easter falls on the first Sunday following the first ecclesiastical full moon that occurs on or after the day of the vernal equinox, March 21. That means Easter can never occur before March 22 or later than April 25.
What's an ecclesiastical full moon?
The Astronomical Applications Department of the U.S. Naval Observatory explains that "the full moon involved is not the astronomical full moon but an ecclesiastical moon (determined from Catholic Church tables) that keeps, more or less, in step with the astronomical full moon."
The AA explains that "In 1582, Christopher Clavius and a council working at the direction of Gregory XIII (Pope of the Roman Catholic Church) completed a reconstruction of the Julian Calendar producing new Easter tables."
So what does this have to do with Mardi Gras?
Mardi Gras is set 47 days before Easter, and it falls on a Tuesday between Feb. 3 and March 9. These two dates are extra special, because Mardi Gras will fall on them only once in a lifetime, each occurring roughly once every 100 to 150 years. Read more here.
Mardi Gras is also the day before Ash Wednesday, the first day of Lent, which the Catholic Church and some Protestant churches observe leading up to Easter as a time of repentance, marked by fasting, abstinence, prayer and almsgiving.
It's not the Fat Tuesday we hoped for, but the spirit of Carnival lives on today. NOLA.com has a day of live video broadcasts planned to help …
Here's the Mardi Gras schedule for the next several years:
2022: March 1
2023: Feb. 21
2024: Feb. 13
2025: March 4
2026: Feb. 17
If you want to plan for a few years in advance, or maybe even practice your "Mardi Gras" math, here is a list of Easter dates through 2299, courtesy of the Astronomical Society of South Australia.


text:
Scripps Performing Arts Academy is Delighted to Offer the
The Imagination Station (or IMS for short) is an enrichment workshop designed to support the essential educational needs of young children. Utilizing the creative vehicle of the performing arts, IMS brings together early childhood learning concepts, health and well-being, with coordinating arts and crafts. This unique performing arts curriculum offers a foundation in ballet and an appreciation for the French terminology associated with it.
Just another creative way to make our world a better place… one child at a time!
To bring this program to your preschool please email us at [email protected]
I will forever be grateful to Angela and Scripps Performing Arts because they were responsible for helping ignite the life long passion within me to dance. It was through their extremely nurturing, positive, fun, and more importantly non-competitive program, that I never lost sight of my own personal reasons for dancing and never became tired of it.
Here at Scripps Performing Arts Academy, we believe that a balance of independence and guidance supports what works best for your child's age and development. Our programs are carefully curated for quality education to unleash your child's potential!
Let's Get Started


Asked by: Farida Meireles
asked in category: General Last Updated: 26th April, 2020
How do you remove epoxy stone?
Use a shovel to remove the loosened epoxyand gravel from the concrete deck surface. Switch to a floorscraper to remove the gravel sections still stuck to theconcrete. Repeat the spray and removal process if only onelayer of the coating comes up.
Click to see full answer.
In this way, how do you remove epoxy from skin?
Removing Epoxy Adhesive on Skin
 1. Vinegar. You can use vinegar to remove cured epoxy adhesivefrom your skin.
 2. Acetone. Acetone is another simple, yet effective,solution.
 3. Citrus-Based Waterless Hand Cleaner. If you can find one, acitrus-based waterless hand cleaner can also do the job of removingfresh epoxy on your skin.
Also, how do you remove epoxy from tile? How to Remove Epoxy Residue From Ceramic Tile
 1. Heat the epoxy you want to remove with a heat gun on itshighest setting.
 2. Apply heat until the epoxy appears to soften, at least 30 to 60seconds.
 3. Immediately after heating the area, scrape broken-down epoxywith a plastic scraper.
 4. Clean the surface with an all-purpose tile cleaner.
Also to know, can you remove epoxy flooring?
To Remove Epoxy Flooring from Concrete. Epoxyflooring is different than epoxy paint. More than likelyit was applied by a professional and more than likely itwill need to be removed by one. The best way toremove epoxy flooring from concrete is to grind itaway.
How do you dissolve hardened epoxy?
Method 1 Using Heat to Remove Epoxy
 1. Put on gloves, goggles, and a mask. When heating epoxy, vaporswill be produced that are not friendly to your eyes.
 2. Wear clothes that cover your skin.
 3. Soak the surface in acetone.
 4. Aim a heat gun at the epoxy for several minutes.
 5. Heat small areas at a time.
 6. Scrape off the heated epoxy.
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Data frames
With RDataFrame, ROOT offers a modern, high-level interface for analysis of data stored in TTree s, CSV files and other data formats, in C++ or Python.
→ Data frame tutorials
The following is a brief introduction to ROOT data frames. For detailed information on ROOT data frames, see → RDataFrame's reference guide.
Data analysis with RDataFrame
RDataFrame provides the necessary methods to perform all operations required by your analysis.
Every RDataFrame program follows this workflow:
 1. Construct a data frame object by specifying a data set. RDataFrame supports single TTrees as well as multiple ROOT TTrees (i.e., TChains), CSV files, SQLite files, and it can be extended to custom data formats.
 2. Transform the data frame by:
 - applying filters. This selects only specific rows of the data set.
 - creating custom columns. Custom columns can, for example, contain the results of a computation that must be performed for every row of the data set.
 3. Produce results. Actions are used to aggregate data into results. Most actions are lazy, i.e. they are not executed on the spot, but registered with RDataFrame and executed only when a result is accessed for the first time. The most typical result produced by ROOT analyses is a histogram, but RDataFrame supports any kind of data aggregation operation, including writing out new ROOT files.
How does it look in code?
This is a simple cut-and-fill with RDataFrame:
ROOT::RDataFrame df("mytree", {"f1.root", "f2.root"});
auto h = df.Filter("x > 0").Histo1D("x");
h->Draw(); // the event loop is run here, upon first access to one of the results
The lazy triggering of the event loop (i.e. the loop over all data) makes it easy to generate multiple results while reading the data only once:
// C++11 lambda expressions and C++ functions are also supported as filter expressions
auto filtered_df = df.Filter([](float x) { return x > 0; }, {"x"});
auto hx = filtered_df.Histo1D("x");
auto hy = filtered_df.Histo1D("y");
hx->Draw(); // event loop is run here, both hx and hy are filled
As a last example, let's filter the events, define a new quantity, produce a control plot and write out the filtered dataset, all in the same multi-thread event loop:
ROOT::EnableImplicitMT(); // enable multi-threading (see below)
ROOT::RDataFrame df(treename, filenames); // create dataframe
auto df2 = df.Filter("x > 0").Define("y", "x*x"); // filter and define new column
auto control_h = df2.Histo1D("y"); // book filling of a control plot
// write out new dataset. this triggers the event loop and also fills the booked control plot
df2.Snapshot("newtree", "newfile.root", {"x","y"});
For more examples, including ones in Python, see the tutorials.
Parallel execution
RDataFrame can perform multi-threaded event loops to speed up the execution of its actions. Each thread will process part of the data set, and RDataFrame will then merge the thread-local partial results before returning the final result to the user.
 - To enable parallel data processing, call the ROOT::EnableImplicitMT() function before constructing a RDataFrame object.
This enables ROOT's implicit multi-threading for all objects and methods that provide an internal parallelization mechanism.
In addition to RDataFrame, the following objects and methods also automatically take advantage of multi-threading:
 - TTree::GetEntry: Reads multiple branches in parallel.
 - TTree::FlushBaskets: Writes multiple baskets to disk in parallel.
 - TTreeCacheUnzip: Decompresses the baskets contained in a TTreeCache in parallel.
 - THx::Fit: Performs in parallel the evaluation of the objective function over the data.
 - TMVA::DNN: Trains a deep neural networks in parallel.
 - TMVA::BDT: Trains a classifier in parallel and multi-class BDTs are evaluated in parallel


text: The objective of this paper is to introduce the constrained discrete-time statedependent Riccati equation (CD-SDRE) technique for decentralized multi-agent systems. First, a D-SDRE for tracking control is derived analytically. Then, the latter is utilized in formulating the distributed D-SDRE control law. The constraint problem of the D-SDRE/distribued D-SDRE is then addressed by recasting it into a model predictive control (MPC) problem. Solution of the latter is then carried out using particle swarm optimization (PSO), which facilitates estimation of the states and control inputs for the D-SDRE control law calculation. The use of decentralized CD-SDRE scheme in a networked system in the presence of constraints is then systematically demonstrated by applying this scheme to reconfiguration problems of spacecraft formation flying under constrained actuation. Simulation results demonstrate the efficacy and reliability of the proposed CD-SDRE in the decentralized control of the spacecraft formation flying.


text:
Thornless Common Honey Locust
(Gleditsia triacanthos inermis)
The Common Honey Locust Tree is an excellent lawn tree for providing filtered shade. This tree can reach heights between 30 to 70 feet.
Soil Type: Prefers rich, moist bottomlands and limestone soils, salt tolerant and tolerant of drought conditions.
Zones: 4 to 9
Stratification Requirement: Seeds should be scarified in concentrated sulfuric acid for 1 to 2 hours.


Product Releases
Anterior Lumbar Plate System
Fri, 07/13/2007 - 7:42am
The AEGIS™ Anterior Lumbar Plate System treats degenerative conditions of the lumbar spine. With a plate specifically designed to correspond to the lumbar spinal anatomy, this system has the lowest profile of any anterior lumbar plate system and can be implanted mid-line or laterally between any two vertebrae in the lumbar region, including the sacrum (L1-S1). The AEGIS is contoured to recess into the space between two vertebral bodies and features angled tabs (15 degrees) that attach the plate to the cortical rim (anterior edge) of the vertebrae. The plate also uses a patented screw locking mechanism that uses cams instead of screw covers or other means to hold the screws in place. The plate system also has a unique, semi-rigid design that allows for load sharing between the construct and the bone graft, reducing the risk of screw breakage and encouraging fusion.
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plutopunch plutopunch - 1 year ago 82
Javascript Question
How to replace $1 , $2 in string
var params = ['tom' , 'harry'];
var string = 'hello $1 and $2 how aa are you $1 and $2';
What i tried
var params = ['tom' , 'harry'];
var string = 'hello $1 ,$2 how aa are you $1 , $2';
var temp;
for(var i = 0; i<params.length ; i++)
{
temp = string.replace(/[$1]+/g,params[i]);
}
Firefox console wrong output : "hello harry ,harry2 how aa are you harry , harry2"
Final Output : hello tom and harry how are you tom and harry
Answer Source
One solution:
string.replace(/\$1/g, params[0]).replace(/\$2/g,params[1])
More explanation:
The reason I put $1 as \$1 because $1, $2,... have special meaning inside regular expressions. They are considered as special characters. E.g., if you want to search . (dot) in your string then you cannot just place . in regex because in regex . means match any character inside string (including dot too); so, in order to find . in your string you've to place(slash \) before dot, like \. , inside regex, so that regex engine can find exact . character.


text:
Flood Resilient scheme £0.25m most happen significantly reducing River Calder flooding for Mirfield
Install a spillway, or extension of weir downstream of Shepley Bridge
A spillway, or extension of the weir set at the same datum level 39.630m AOD as the existing weir would not affect the water level of the weir nor the Hebble Navigation.
As you can see from my video _URL_ which was taken at 3.30 pm 26th December 2015 the outcrop of land between the Ship-inn and the weir is submerged by flood water, my calculation indicates between 60 and 70 cubic meters p/s past over this point and continued to do so over a 2 hour period within this timescale Ravensthorpe nor Dewsbury downstream of this area flooded.
The outcrop of land removes the energy from the flow restricting slowing the movement of water. However, if a spillway or extension of the weir was constructed between the wier and Shepley Bridge I would expect the spillway or extended weir to remove 19 cubic meters of flood water per second, for one minute this would remove 1.140 cubic meters the equivalent to a football field one meter deep. This would have significantly reduced flooding on Boxing day 2015 across the footprint of Mirfield River Calder and creating a faster flood water retreat with less debris left behind over than the main river channel.
This also would significantly reduce the number of times Steanard lane floods. Computer Model River Calder foot-print Mirfield Flow Rates 2015
The model is showing some interesting results, and pointing to answers to reducing flooding across the river Calder footprint of Mirfield. On Boxing day 2015 time 3.30 PM at Ledgard bridge Mirfield 453.6 cubic meters per second of water past this point. To understand in more detail the benefits which a spillway or extension of weir at a rate of 19m3 P/S or more would mean for Mirfield,
Ledgard bridge Mirfield chart indicates flood is possible at 2.52, and stared 25th December 2015 9.0pm and peaked at 5.30pm 26th December 2015 which was 20 hours later. spillway or extension of the weir would have activated at 2.52,25th December 2015 9.0pm and continued to work throughout the event.
However with the evidence 60 and 70 cubic meters p/s past over the outcrop of land at Shepley Bridge and continued to do so over a 2 hour period within this timescale Ravensthorpe nor Dewsbury downstream of this area flooded. I believe we could safely increase from 19m3 l/s to 45m3 l/s?
For an example would be the storm which closed the Ship Inn on the 13th December 2015 The chart quite clearly shows the peek of the flooding at 9.00pm 13th December 2015, however, the outcrop of land at Shepley Bridge was not submerged by flood water throughout the event.
Releasing an extra 19m3 P/S over the 3-hour period would have allowed 205,200 cubic meters to past the weir and the Ship Inn would not have flooded. based on the events of 13th December 2915.
River Weir 6, Battyeford = 45.279m AOD River Weir 8, Greenwood Shepley Bridge = 39.630m AOD. Calder footprint across Mirfield reach is approximately 4.5km over that distance gives a fall of 0.5649 it would take 11.63 minutes for the water to travel this distance
From the video footage, and photos from the 26-12-2016 All the calculation are from timescale 3.PM – 5.PM and re-visiting the areas, calculating depth, and square meters with a little guesswork? I now can estimate the volume of flood water which Mirfield floodplains off-line storage held.
- The playing field at John Cottons floodplains this area held, and released 38,220.0 cubic meters of flood water.
- Calder view floodplains this area held, and released 49,322.0 cubic meters of flood water.
- Calder views exit road this area held, and released 4,804.0 cubic meters of flood water..
- Huddleston Court at this area held, and released 3,118.0 cubic meters of flood water,
- Newgate at this area held, and released 612.0 cubic meters of flood water.
- Station road at this area held, and released 1,489.0 cubic meters of flood water.
- Allotments floodplain at this area held, and released 19,152.0 cubic meters of flood water.
- . Walkers factory floodplain at this area held, and released 48,021.0 cubic meters of flood water.
- Lowlands at this area held, and released 32,670.0 cubic meters of flood water.
- Between Walkers factory, DR Reddy's floodplain at this area held, and released 43,010.0 cubic meters of flood water.
- DR Reddy's floodplain at this area held, and released 15,758.0 cubic meters of flood water.
- .Steanard Lane at this area held, and released 2,928.0 cubic meters of flood water.
The grand total of flood water offline storage on Boxing day 2015 calculates to 259,104.00 cubic meters of flood water. This can also be multiplied by 120 minutes which is the two hours from 3.30.PM – 5.30.PM and this is the time scale which most of my date was collected?
If an extra 19 cubic meters of flood water per second past the weir at Shepley Bridge over the 2 hour period 136.800 cubic meters would have past downstream, take that from 259,104.00 0ffline storage = 122.304 cubic meters over the 2 hour period significantly reducing the amount of offline storage for Mirfield.
Please don't hesitate to contact me on this matter


SW Legal Educational Publishing
Direct Link to Physical Injury Not Needed to Prove Emotional Distress
Description Iowa high court held that in a case in which a driver suffered physical injury and later emotional trauma from a traffic accident, expert testimony was needed to show emotional distress, but for there to be recovery there does not need to be a direct link between the physical injury suffered and the emotional distress.
Topic Torts
Key Words Emotional Distress; Physical Injury
C A S E S U M M A R Y
Facts Roling, the driver of a semi-truck, suffered broken ribs and other injuries when a car crossed the center line and ran into his truck. The two occupants of the car were both killed. Roling was depressed by the accident and kept having flashbacks to seeing the mangled bodies. He saw a psychologist for two years. He sued the estates of the deceased for causing the accident for his physical injury and emotional distress. The jury awarded him $151,186, but the judge overturned the verdict, holding that he did not show there was a relationship between his physical injuries and the emotional distress, nor did he have expert testimony to prove his physical injuries. Roling appealed.
Decision Reversed. In such a case, the plaintiff does not have to have an expert witness testify as to the fact of his physical injuries; the record on that was clear. In cases claiming emotional distress, expert testimony at trial is required. Damages for negligent infliction of emotional distress are usually denied unless accompanied by some physical injury. Testimony of the psychologist that the accident caused depression and other mental problems was sufficient to establish a causal connection between the negligence of the other party and Roling's emotional injuries. The emotional distress recovery is not for observing the horrifying aftermath of the accident, but for the later emotional condition caused by the accident.
Citation Roling v. Daily, 596 N.W.2d 72 (Sup. Ct., Iowa, 1999)
Back to Torts Listings
©_PHONE_ South-Western, All Rights Reserved


text:
In the Karlsruhe physics course one defines the term "substance-like" quantity:
Let my cite the definition from a paper by Falk, Herrmann and Schmid:
"There is a class of physical quantities whose characteristics are especially easy to visualize: those extensive physical quantities to which a density can be assigned. These include electric charge, mass, amount of substance (number of particles), and others. Because of the fundamental role these quantities play throughout science and because such quantities can be distributed in and flow through space, we give them a designation of their own: substance-like."
Are there examples of extensive quantities, which are not substance-like? I think volume is one example, since it seems to make no sense to assign a density to it, are there others?
Now the authors write that a quantity can only be conserved if it is substance-like, let my cite this from an other publication:
F. Herrmann, writes: "It is important to make clear that the question of conservation or non-conservation only makes sense with substance-like quantities. Only in the context of substance-like quantities does it make sense to ask the question of whether they are conserved or not. The question makes no sense in the case of non-substance-like quantities such as field strength or temperature."
So my second question is: Why has a conserved quantity to be substance like? It would be great if one could give me a detailed explanation (or a counterexample if he thinks the statement is wrong).
Are there resources where the ideas cited above are introduced with some higher degree of detail and rigour?


text:
Japanese global apparel retailer UNIQLO and the School of Fashion and Textiles of the Hong Kong Polytechnic University (PolyU) have joined hands to conduct a survey on consumer perceptions of sustainable fashion in Hong Kong and Macau, which explores the views and perceptions of consumers in the two regions on sustainable fashion and the changing consumption patterns brought about by the pandemic.
The survey results showed that overall consumer attitudes towards apparel retail brands in Hong Kong and Macau are linked to the brand's sustainable development goals (SDGs) vision and actions. In view of the COVID-19 outbreak, consumers have become more concerned about sustainable fashion, with more than 80% of respondents saying they would consider a brand's position and approach to sustainability issues when selecting clothing, and more than 60% saying they would be willing to pay a premium of 10% to 20% above the original price for a sustainable fashion product.
The results also unveiled that the pandemic has also increased consumers' attention on the practicality and quality of fashion products, followed by price, and then appearance and personalisation.
However, while more than 70% of consumers are positive about sustainable fashion products and agree that sustainable fashion is a good idea, the percentage of those who like sustainable fashion products is relatively low (about 60%), indicating the appeal of such products has to be further strengthened.
About 45% of the respondents also tend to be conservative in their trust in apparel retail brands. The survey results reflected that the pandemic has affected the consumption patterns of consumers in Hong Kong and Macau. In particular, it was found that better awareness and understanding of sustainable fashion products and brand strategies would increase consumers' desire to purchase these products.
As sustainable fashion becomes increasingly important and mainstream, there is a need for greater consumer education and promotion and for apparel retail brands to change their business models from time to time in response to consumer expectations.
Survey results showed that over 80% of Hong Kong and Macau consumers understand the concept of "sustainable development", and about 56% of them are aware of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) proposed by the United Nations. Compared to global consumers, although Hong Kong and Macau consumers' awareness of SDGs (56%) is higher than that of global consumers (49.7%), more than 40% of the respondents are still unaware of the concept, indicating Hong Kong and Macau markets need to continue in communicating the concept of sustainable development.
In terms of brands commitment, results also revealed that Hong Kong and Macau consumers, compare to global consumers, focus more on brand's commitment on two SDGs namely "clean water and sanitation" and "no poverty". However, consumers in Hong Kong and Macau tend to pay less attention to the SDGs of "quality education", "responsible consumption and production" and "life on land", which are ranked the most important to global consumers.
Furthermore, more than 80% of respondents believe that whether a product is sustainable will affect their selection of retail apparel brands.
Among them, respondents shared the three most important factors when selecting a fashion brand, especially since the outbreak of the pandemic, including reducing waste and environmental footprint in production or sales process; balancing product function and environmental impact; sourcing in a humane way.
The survey also revealed that 64% of respondents believe that the pandemic has made them more likely to buy durable clothing. At the same time, the respondents also said that during the pandemic, they paid more attention to practicality (66.4%) and product quality (50.7%), followed by price (47.7%), appearance (35.4%) and personalisation (30.1%). 43% of the respondents said that products with a long-life cycle is an important requirement for brands to meet the concept of "sustainable fashion".
Di Fan, assistant professor at PolyU's School of Fashion and Textiles, who coordinated the survey, said: "An increasing number of fashion brands or industry experts have been paying more attention on sustainable development in recent years. We have seen the competitiveness of apparel retail brands gradually expand from product design and price to sustainability considerations, making 'sustainable fashion' more of a concern to consumers."
He added that this change in consumer spending patterns can have a positive impact on the fashion industry's existing business model, and this change in behavior is evidence of a general awareness of the environmental pollution caused by the fashion industry.Designed by PolyU's School of Fashion and Textiles, the survey was conducted between late March and mid-April 2022 among 1,498 consumers from a wide range of age groups and occupations on the perceptions of sustainable fashion among consumers in Hong Kong and Macau.This joint release of consumer survey results marks the beginning of the long-term collaboration between UNIQLO and the School of Fashion and Textiles, PolyU.
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GUN Crack The first device identified as a pistol, a bamboo tube that used gunpowder to fire a spear, appeared in China around the year 1000 d.C. [4] [5] [6] [full citation needed]
GUN Torrent A first type of firearm (or portable pistol) is the fire spear, a tube filled with black powder attached to the ends of a spear and used as a flamethrower; The metal was sometimes placed in the barrel so that it would ignite with the flames. [6] [citation needed] [7] [citation needed] The first depiction of a gunpowder weapon is an illustration of a fire spear on the mid-10th century silk flag from Dunhuang. [8] De'an Shoucheng Lu, accountant of the siege of De'an in 1132, records that Song forces used firearms against jurists. [9]


text:
Uwanda – Rukwa Game Reserve is located in Sumbawanga District, Rukwa Region. It covers an area of 4100 sq km and extends from the eastern escarpment of Lake Tanganyika to the hilly central plateau that includes almost half of Lake Rukwa.
Regular floods have created floodplain habitat of woodland and grassland, which attracts and harbors large herds of herbivores during the dry season.
This is the place to see rare species of Puku (Kobus vardoni). It is also the place where one can see albino giraffes, unusually-stripped zebra, and spiral-horned antelopes related to the Uganda kobs. Other animals include topi, eland, reedbuck, impala, roan antelopes, greater kudu, normal giraffes, elephants and hippopotamus. Lake Rukwa has highest density of crocodiles in Tanzania.
Lake Rukwa which is alkaline attracts many birds. Over 400 species have been recorded the famous ones being grey parrots, red shark, and wood peckers. Uwanda is considered to be the breeding place for red locust insects, which attract many birds.
The reserve is easily accessible by road using Four wheel car and chartered aircrafts.


text:
At some point, all pitchers hit their hip while pitching. It happens when they fail to create enough room alongside their bodies for their arm, hand and ball. So how do pitchers create space?
It depends on the athlete. Great pitchers learn to adjust their body mechanics to create spacing. Yet it's important to note that each player does this in different ways because mechanics vary from player to player. Learn more about creating space from UCLA's Kirk Walker and why he cautions against changing a pitcher's natural "pitching DNA" too much.