$S$ to a smooth connected complete curve $\overline{S}$ (with constant field that might be larger than ${\mathbf{Q}}$, but that won't matter for the ramification considerations we are about to undertake). Clearly $\overline{S}$ is a finite flat cover of the projective $j$-line over $\mathbf{Q}$ and at the point $s$ over $j=0$ (or $j=1728$) it has ramification degree 4 or 6 (I can't remember which is which) because of etaleness over $M_1$ and the fact that $M_1$ over the $j$-line has ramification over $j=0$ (or $j=1728$) equal to 4 or 6 (due to deformation theory considerations). By design, there is an elliptic curve over the open curve $S$ (namely, the pullback of the elliptic curve $E'_1$ over $M'_1$ that extends the elliptic curve $E$ over $Y$) whose discriminant in the function field of $\overline{S}$ is $(j(j-1728))^{-1}$ (well-defined up to 12th powers of nonzero elements, of course). But the "good reduction" at $s \in S$ forces the discriminant of any model over the function field of $S$ to have valuation at $s$ that is a multiple of 12, whereas for $(j(j-1728))^{-1}$ this valuation is $-4$ or $-6$ (since $S$ at $s$ has ramification over the $j$-line equal to 4 or 6). This is a contradiction, so $M_1$ has no nontrivial connected finite etale cover, assuming $\pi_1(Y) = 1$.
Finally, we prove $\pi_1(Y) = 1$. Note that $Y$ is the open complement in $\mathbf{P}^1_{\mathbf{Z}}$ of the union of the sections $\infty$, $j=0$, and $j=n$ with $n = 1728$. We will now work with any nonzero integer $n$. Since $\infty$ is disjoint from the others, by Saito's argument with the relative Abhyankar's Lemma as explained above, we see that any finite etale cover of $Y$ has normalization over that projective $j$-line over $\mathbf{Z}$ that is etale over $\infty$. Hence, it suffices to show that the open complement of $j(j-n)=0$ in $\mathbf{P}^1_{\mathbf{Z}}$ has trivial $\pi_1$. Making the change of coordinates $t = 1/j$ (which moves $j = 0$ out to $\infty$), this open complement is identified with the open complement $U_n$ in the affine $t$-line $\mathbf{A}^1_{\mathbf{Z}}$ of the locus $nt=1$. So it is enough to prove that $\pi_1(U_n) = 1$. Equivalently, we claim that $U_n$ has no nontrivial Galois connected finite etale covers. This will rest on three special facts about $\mathbf{Z}$: the triviality of $\pi_1({\rm{Spec}}(\mathbf{Z}))$, the triviality of ${\rm{Pic}}(\mathbf{Z})$, and the smallness of the group of roots of unity in $\mathbf{Z}$. Beware that $U_n(\mathbf{Z})$ is empty when $n \not\in \mathbf{Z}^{\times}$.
Let $h:V \rightarrow U_n$ be a Galois connected finite etale cover with degree $> 1$, so over $\mathbf{Q}$ we get a nontrivial connected finite etale cover $V'$ of the $\mathbf{Q}$-fiber $U'_n$ of $U_n$. We first claim that $V'$ must be geometrically connected over $\mathbf{Q}$. Since we're in characteristic 0, this amounts to the condition that $V'$ has constant field $\mathbf{Q}$. If we let the number field $K$ be its constant field then by normality of $V$ it follows that $h$ factors through $(U_n)_{O_K}$, with $V \rightarrow (U_n)_{O_K}$ necessarily surjective. This forces $(U_n)_{O_K}$ to be etale over $U_n$ (since $h$ is a finite etale cover), so since $U_n$ is fpqc over ${\rm{Spec}}(\mathbf{Z})$ it follows that ${\rm{Spec}}(O_K)$ is etale over ${\rm{Spec}}(\mathbf{Z})$. This forces $K = \mathbf{Q}$, as desired.
By the coordinate change $x = t/n$ we identify $U'_n$ with ${\rm{GL}}_1$, so $V'$ is a geometrically connected cover of ${\rm{GL}}_1$ over $\mathbf{Q}$. Thus, for $d = {\rm{deg}}(h) > 1$ we see that over an algebraically closed extension $k$ of $\mathbf{Q}$ the map $h_k$ is identified with the endomorphism $x^d$ of ${\rm{GL}}_1$. That is, the map $h'$ induced by $h$ between $\mathbf{Q}$-fibers is a "$\mathbf{Q}$-form" of the $\mu_d$-torsor ${\rm{GL}}_1$ over ${\rm{GL}}_1 = U'_n$. The set of isomorphism classes of such forms is given by $${\rm{H}}^1({\rm{GL}}_1,\mu_d) = (\mathbf{Q}^{\times}/({\mathbf{Q}}^{\times})^d) \times x^{\mathbf{Z}/d\mathbf{Z}}$$ (since ${\rm{GL}}_1$ has trivial Pic and has unit group $\mathbf{Q}^{\times} x^{\mathbf{Z}}$). Explicitly, for $q \in \mathbf{Q}^{\times}$ and $j \in \mathbf{Z}$ the finite etale cover of ${\rm{GL}}_1 = U'_n$ associated to the class of $(q,j \bmod d)$ is given by the covering equation $y^d = q x^j$. As a covering of ${\rm{GL}}_1$ with coordinate $x$, this has geometric covering group $\mu_d(\overline{\mathbf{Q}})$ via scaling on $y$, so by inspection this geometric covering group action is not defined over $\mathbf{Q}$ (i.e., the automorphism group scheme for the covering is not a constant group over $\mathbf{Q}$, or in other words not all of these geometric automorphisms are defined over $\mathbf{Q}$) except when $d = 2$. Ah, but recall that we arranged for $h$ to be a Galois covering, so in our setting with the covering $h'$ the geometric covering group must be defined entirely over $\mathbf{Q}$ (as a constant group). In particular, $h$ must have degree $d = 2$. Also, the geometric connectedness of the covering forces ${\rm{gcd}}(j,d) = 1$.
To summarize, we have proved that $V \rightarrow U_n$ viewed over $\mathbf{Q}$ is given by $y^2 = q(t/n)$ for some $q \in \mathbf{Q}^{\times}$. By changing $y$ by a $\mathbf{Q}^{\times}$-scaling (as we may certainly do), we can change $q$ by any square multiple we wish, so we can arrange that $q/n$ is equal to a squarefree integer $r$. Then $V$ is identified with the normalization of $\mathbf{Z}[t][1/(nt-1)]$ in the $(nt-1)$-localization of $\mathbf{Z}[y,t]/(y^2 - rt)$. Using that $r$ is a squarefree integer, we claim that $\mathbf{Z}[y,t]/(y^2 - rt)$ is normal (in contrast with the situation for $\mathbf{Z}[y]/(y^2 - r)$ when $r$ is odd!). This is clear after inverting 2, so by Serre's homological criterion the only issue is to check the normality at the generic points in characteristic 2, which is to say that the maximal ideal of the local ring at these points is principal. If $r$ is even (so it is twice an odd integer) then $y$ lies in such primes, so $(2,y)$ is the only such prime and $t$ isn't in this prime. Hence, in such cases $y$ is a local generator (as the equation $rt =


text: Several times we have used this English word "Kid" to refer to our own children. We keep repeating this word even while knowing a kid actually refers to a young goat. Why then do humans take pleasure in calling their young children kids and not babies or any other befitting name? The story goes that because a he-goat has a goatee it wears about as it matures, its young was named a kid. In the same manner because humans also interestingly sometimes grow goatees, they look so much as he goat with a goatee that it became necessary for children sired by men with goatees to be called kids. Today, even men without goatees have no problems calling their own children Kids.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
IADC Course Set for Next Week
International Association of Dredging Companies (IADC) has scheduled its international course named "The Hydraulic Fill Manual" for November 20-21, 2014, in Delft, the Netherlands.
This course will cover the initiation, design and construction of hydraulic fill projects as described in the recently published Hydraulic Fill Manual.
Without proper hydraulic fill and suitable specialized equipment, major infrastructure projects such as ports, airports, roads, industrial or housing projects cannot be realized.
The attendees will learn the basics of monitoring and quality control and how to prepare appropriate specifications for the construction of a hydraulic fill.
Dredging Today Staff

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


Bamboo Botanicals Logo
Bamboo Anatomy And Growth Habits
Bamboo Culm
Bamboo is a perrenial evergreen that is part of the grass family (a very tall and woody grass that is). Similar to grass, bamboo is characterized by a jointed stem called a culm. Typcally the culms are hollow but some species of bamboo have solid culms. Each culm segment begins and ends with a solid joint called a node. Nodes are are characterized by a swelling encircling the ends of the culm segments. The segments between the nodes are called internodes. From the nodes grow leaves and branches. Similar to the culms, the branches are also segmented with nodes and internodes.
Bamboo Culm Anatomy
Anatomy Of A Bamboo Culm
Bamboo Culm Cut-away Section
Bamboo Culm Cut-away Section
Bamboo Rhizome And Root System
The underground root system of bamboo is very similar to that of the culm. It can be described as an underground culm growing hortizontally in the soil. This underground culm is called a rhizome. The only difference is that instead of producing branches and leaves, the rhizomes produce roots and shoots at the nodes. Bamboo is a very shallow rooted plant. Bamboo rhizomes typically grow within the first 6" below the surface of the ground. The rhizomes produce feeder roots that grow further down into the soil. Typically the roots don't grow anymore than 20" (50cm) below the surface of the ground. For most bamboos, rhizome development and growth takes place late summer to early fall.
Bamboo rhizomes grow in two unique characteristics. They either grow in a clumping formation or they can grow in a running habit. The rhizome growth patterns classify bamboo either as a clumping bamboo or a running bamboo.
Clumping Bamboo
Clumping Bamboo rhizomes in the soil
Clumping Bamboo rhizomes in the soil
Clumping bamboos have Pachymorph rhizomes that grow upwards developing into a new culm. New rhizomes emerge from buds on an existing rhizome and so forth. This accumulative effect causes the grove to expand slowly around the perimeter. This growth behaviour gives the bamboo a 'clumping' habit.
It's predictable growth behaviour makes it easier to maintain without having to apply containment methods that a running bamboo may need. For most clumping bamboos, they expand only a few inches per year around the main plant. This depends on the species and the maturity of the bamboo. The slow expansion of the clumping bamboo grove will eventually reach a boundary (ie. property line, fence, etc.), at which time root pruning will need to be done.
The clumping habit also gives clumping bamboos a desireable trait for growing in pots or containers. Clumping bamboos tend to last a lot longer in a pot before they get root bound and need re-potting.
Clumping Pachymorph Bamboo
Clumping (Pachymorph) Bamboo
Running Bamboo
Running bamboos have Leptomorph rhizomes that run horizontally under the ground. New buds and roots emerge from the nodes of the rhizomes. Most buds remain dormant but may develop into a new culm or it may develop into another new rhizome. Any new rhizomes will also run horizontally underground and produce more news culms and rhizomes. This growth behavior gives the bamboo a 'running' habit.
Running Leptomorph Bamboo
Running (Leptomorph) Bamboo
Running Bamboo Rhizome
Running Bamboo Rhizome (soil removed)
Running bamboos with Leptomorph rhizomes typically require methods to control their spreading habit. See Controlling Bamboo Spread.
Bamboo Shoots And Culm Growth
Bamboo Shoots
The buds that develop into shoots play a dramatic role in the growth of a new culm.
New bamboo shoots can grow at staggering rates. Some species of bamboo have been clocked at growing over 3' (90cm) in one day. That is over 1.5" (3.8cm) in 1 hour! The entire growth period from new shoot to a full height culm can typically be completed in 30 days.
For most bamboos, the shooting season takes place during the spring season through early summer. As the shoot elongates, it develops into a new culm. New branches and leaves grow from the nodes of the new culm.
Leaves from existing older culms drop and grow new leaves during this period as well. Spring is the Autumn season for bamboo as the foliage gets renewed.
Unlike regular hardwood trees where the diameter of the trunk gets wider with age, a bamboo culm remains the same thickness for its entire life. The diameter of a new shoot somewhat governs the thickness of the new culm. If you have a 1" diameter shoot, the new culm will be 1" diameter. A 6" diameter shoot will produce a 6" diameter culm... and so forth. As well, the culm never grows any taller throughout its life span.
Bamboo Growth - 24hr Time Lapse Video


UserGuide:CallGraph
From WalaWiki
Jump to: navigation, search
wala.core technical overview
Call Graph Basics
The CallGraph class represents potentially context-sensitive call graphs, via a logical cloning of methods. Each call graph node (CGNode) represents a method IMethod in a Context.
So what's a Context? Basically, a Context is just a name for a clone of an IMethod. For context-insensitive call graphs, note the special Context Everywhere.EVERYWHERE. This will be used as a default context in context-insensitive algorithms.
Note that for a given IMethod, a context-sensitive call graph may have many nodes (contexts) representing the method. You can get all these nodes using the method CallGraph.getNodes(MethodReference m)
WALA supports a family of on-the-fly call graph construction algorithms, integrated with flow-insensitive pointer analysis. See UserGuide:PointerAnalysis for more details. WALA also has an implementation of call-graph construction via rapid type analysis (see Util.makeRTABuilder()), but its use is strongly discouraged. The included 0-CFA analysis (see UserGuide:PointerAnalysis) is almost always faster and more precise. Furthermore, RTA operates on bytecodes, some of which may be proved dead during SSA construction and hence not represented in the SSA IR. This can lead to undesirable behaviors like call sites returned by the RTA call graph that do not appear in the SSA IR. Finally, note that models of native methods like Object.clone() in the RTA call graph are "sound enough" to ensure that the call graph includes all reachable code but may be unsound otherwise.
Personal tools
project information


text:
Located in the historic Battlefields Park area of Québec City, known as the Plains of Abraham, the Musée national des beaux-arts du Québec houses a large collection of art and other works from around Québec.
The new Pierre Lassonde Pavilion increases the museum's exhibit and collection capacity, while bringing a sustainable new facility to historic Québec City.
Adjoining existing buildings on the Plains of Abraham, the new pavilion was designed with energy efficiency and sustainable development in mind. As a "smart" building, the pavilion features installation of sustainable systems that minimize impacts on the local and global environment.
This large-scale project addressed the building's complex architecture by maintaining clean interior spaces while integrating lighting, security systems and telecommunications. Systems were designed to harmonize with the existing architecture and blend into the décor to preserve the aesthetic of each exhibition room.
Lighting Design, Electrical, Plumbing / Fire Protection, Water + Waste Water


text:
There is no accessibility checker for broadcast emails, but you still must use accessibility standards to create an email everyone can use.
Adding Accessible Elements in Broadcast Emails
Heading support has not been added to the Broadcast Email template system design mode, but you can add the HTML tags for headings in the code view of the document.
In the body of your broadcast email:
- Click on the html tab to see the code view
- Add html header tags to the content of your email
- Switch to preview or normal tabs to see how the content looks
To add Alternative text to a new image, first ensure you are in the "normal tab":
- Place your cursor or "focus" in the area of the content where you want to insert the new image.
- Click on the "Insert Image" icon in the BEM System "What you see is what you get (WYSIWYG)" toolbar.
- In the new "Insert Image" pop up browser window, you can do one of the following:
- Click "Upload" under "Insert", to upload a new image up to 2 Mega Bytes in total file size.
- Select an existing image from the BEM System Images files (the file options start in the _URL_ directory of BEM System)
- Add "Alternative text" and/or a "Long Description" for the image in their respective text inputs. This adds an "alt" and/or "longdesc" attribute to the tag that displays the image in the E-Mails HTML code.
- Click "Insert" to insert the image.
- Click the "Close" Button on the pop up window, and you image should now be added with the right alternative text to your content area.
To add alternative text to an existing image, first ensure you are in the "normal tab":
- Double click the image you want to edit.
- In the new "IMG" pop up browser window.
- Edit or add "Alternative text" and/or a "Long Description" for the image in their respective text inputs. This edits or adds an "alt" and/or "longdesc" attribute text to the tag that displays the image in the E-Mails HTML code.
- Click the "Close" Button on the pop up window, and you image should now be updated with the right alternative text.
- Select the text you want to link
- Use descriptive text for your links - do not use "Click Here" as link text. (See the Links Page.)
- Click the "Insert Hyperlink" button in the toolbar, or right click and select "link" and then "properties".
- In the pop up window:
- Fill out the URL text field
- On the "target" select list, select "new Window"
- Make sure the link text color is dark enough for everyone to read against the background color.
- Click the "X" close button in the upper right hand corner of the pop up to finish, you should now have your text linked.
Use lists to show steps, action items, or key takeaways in your message. You can start with a new bulleted or numbered list, or convert existing paragraphs into a list.
- Select the text you want to make into list items
- Click "Insert Bulleted List " or "Insert Numbered List "
It is strongly not recommended to add forms in BEMs through the code view. We also strongly recommend not attaching or ever using word doc, excel, outlook, or pdf forms, but rather using web based forms instead for security and accessibility reasons. Please read this section about forms from our help site top learn more about forms and making them on our website.


Findr logo
Findr text logo
Sign In
Tokenization
What is tokenization in an AI workplace?
In an AI workplace, tokenization breaks down text into smaller units called tokens. Depending on the specific tokenization method used, these tokens can be words, characters, or subwords. For example, the sentence "I love AI" might be tokenized into ["I", "love", "AI"] or ["I", " love", " AI"]. Tokenization is a crucial preprocessing step in many natural language processing (NLP) tasks, as it allows AI models to work with text data more effectively.
Benefits of tokenization
 - Improved text processing: Tokenization enables AI systems to analyze and understand text at a granular level, making it easier to perform tasks like sentiment analysis, machine translation, and text classification.
 - Vocabulary management: It helps create and manage vocabularies for language models, allowing for better handling of out-of-vocabulary words and rare words.
 - Efficient data representation: Tokenized text can be converted into numerical vectors, making processing easier for machine learning models.
 - Handling multiple languages: Some tokenization methods, like subword tokenization, can effectively handle multiple languages and even code-mixing scenarios.
 - Reduced computational complexity: Tokenization can help reduce the complexity of certain NLP tasks by breaking text into smaller units, leading to faster processing and lower memory requirements.


text:
Flood incident investigations and reports
We review any reported flooding where people or property, businesses or critical infrastructure were involved. If the impact of the flood was significant, we do a formal flood investigation.
To ask us to review a internal property flooding, you can contact the flood investigation team.
Formal flood investigations
The purpose of a formal flood investigation is to:
- Identify who has relevant flood risk management functions, and
- Investigate whether each of those risk management authorities has exercised, or is proposing to exercise, those functions in response to the flood.
- The results will be published and data shared with other flood risk management authorities. These include United Utilities and the Environment Agency
Flood reviews where a formal investigation is not needed
Where we review a flood and find a formal investigation is not needed, we share our findings with the person who asked for the review and with other flood risk management authorities and relevant landowners. We also record the review to help us make decisions about future flood risk management.
Flood review and investigation timescales
Where we have a number of flooding incidents to investigate, we look first at those where the potential risk to the community as a whole is highest. We publish reports in a timely manner.
Current flood investigations
Following the extreme weather, we are currently investigating widespread flooding of property associated with the following dates and areas:
- 25-26 October 2019 (River Weaver catchment (Nantwich, Wynbunbury, Calverley, Crewe, Church Minshull) and Little Bollington*
- 20-21 January 2021 Storm Christoph *
Contact us on 0300 _PHONE_ or _EMAIL_ to report flooding at your property on any date or in any location within Cheshire East, or to submit photographic or video evidence of flooding to aid investigations.
*The areas listed are based on reported locations, if your property/business flooded in any of these events contact us so that the investigation can be extended include your experiences. No address information is reported in our published flood reports, this information is only used by ourselves and the relevant flood risk management authorities and remains confidential.
Past flood incident investigations
To protect confidentiality, we remove personal/property details from flood reports.
Page last reviewed: 13 December 2022
Thank you for your feedback.


Laravel Mail – Sending Mailable, Markdown Mailable, and Raw HTML
Larvel provides several ways of sending the email. That could be through mailable, custom email template, or through raw HTML. Laravel has used the popular SwiftMailer library in the backend. Laravel also provides built-in drivers for SMTP, Mailgun, SparkPost, Postmark, Amazon SES, and sendemail.
Table of content
Let's dive into the various topics one by one to understand that clearly.
Laravel Mail with Mailable
The mailable feature was introduced in Laravel 5.3 to simplifying the way to sending emails. Laravel introduced the very simple command to create mailable class i.e.
php artisan make:mail SampleEmail
The above command will create a class SampleEmail.php at app/Mail directory. Don't worry if the directory does not exist in the app directory. The make:mail command will automatically check if the Mail directory exists or not. The structure of the file would be similar to the below codes.
namespace App\Mail;
use Illuminate\Bus\Queueable;
use Illuminate\Mail\Mailable;
use Illuminate\Queue\SerializesModels;
use Illuminate\Contracts\Queue\ShouldQueue;
class SampleEmail extends Mailable
{
 use Queueable, SerializesModels;
 /**
 * Create a new message instance.
 *
 * @return void
 */
 public function __construct()
 {
 //
 }
 /**
 * Build the message.
 *
 * @return $this
 */
 public function build()
 {
 return $this->view('view.name');
 }
}
Take a close look on build() method, because this is the place where we can add the subject, view, from or attachment. Let's modify the existing build method.
....
use Queueable, SerializesModels;
public $subject;
public $data;
/**
 * Create a new message instance.
 *
 * @param string $subject Email Subject
 * @param mixed $data Template data
 *
 * @return void
 */
public function __construct($subject, $data)
{
 $this->subject = $subject;
 $this->data = $data;
}
public function build()
{
 return $this->subject($this->subject)
 ->view('emails.sample_email', [
 'data' => $this->data
 ]);
}
....
In the above codes, we have defined two custom properties $subject and $data. The $subject property is used to define the Email Subject and the $data property is used to add the custom data like name, email or message into the template. We have attached the template emails.sample_email, which means the blade template exists on resources/views/emails/sample_email.blade.php. Now let's send the email.
$subject = 'Welcome to Laravel Mailable';
$receiverEmail = '[email protected]';
$receiverData = \App\User::where('email', $receiverEmail)->first();
Mail::to($receiverEmail)->send(new \App\Mails\SampleEmail($subject, $receiverData));
Laravel Mail with Markdown Mailable
Markdown mailable was introduced in Laravel 5.4 and it allows you to take advantage of the pre-built templates and components. Markdown mailable will automatically generate the beautiful and responsive HTML template. Let's generate the mailable with a corresponding Markdown template.
php artisan make:mail SampleMarkdownEmail --markdown=emails.sample_markdown_email
The --markdown parameter asks the email directory path and the template name. And generate the template similar to the below codes.
@component('mail::message')
# Introduction
The body of your message.
@component('mail::button', ['url' => ''])
Button Text
@endcomponent
Thanks,<br>
{{ config('app.name') }}
@endcomponent
If you are not familiar with the Markdown tags the please take a look on the markdown documentation.
The SimpleMarkdownEmail class will look like the same as the mailable class except for the markdown() method. You can use the subject, from, etc., the same way as the previous.
public function build()
{
 return $this->markdown('emails.sample_markdown_email');
}
Take a look at the documentation to know more about the existing markdown. You can also take a look at how to customize the header and footer of the markdown mailable.
Laravel Mail with Raw HTML
There are some cases when we have to use the raw HTML instead of Mailable or Markdown classes. This is how we can attach the raw HTML with Laravel Mail class.
Mail::send([], [], function($message) use ($data) {
 $message->from($data['from']);
 $message->to($data['to']);
 $message->subject($data['subject']);
 $message->setBody($data['content'], 'text/html');
});
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text:
Over at Scientific American, E. Paul Zehr, author of Becoming Batman, explains why nobody could be Batman for very long. Even if you didn't get your back broken by Bane, just the wear and tear of jumping across rooftops and punching criminals would wreak havoc with your body after just a few years. The most Bruce Wayne could hope for is a career of similar length to that of an NFL player.
And here's a simple chart to show just how much Batman would be screwed after a few years:
The basic point of this figure is that very large loading events-getting crushed in Bane's powerful arms-need only occur once to cause significant injury. Other events-repeated impacts during fighting or even the strain of training-accumulate over time so that after many repetitions an injury occurs.
Tissues that are being strained-particularly those with poor blood supplies like tendon, ligament, and cartilage-are not able to fully repair themselves before another big event. Like getting bashed around. Or even just training over and over can create repetitive strain injuries. Injury can happen anywhere on that continuum.
Muscle and bone are biological tissues that have mechanical properties that help explain some of the weird things that seem to happen to us when we are injured. In mechanical terms "stress" means forces applied to a material while "strain" means the change in length or size of the tissue to which the force is applied. Basically repeated stresses lead to strains.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Home > Volunteering > Special Projects
Periodically the parishioners of St Irene Parish embark on a very special project. Here are descriptions of some of their work.
Fresh Drinking Water
While completing his theological studies in Boston, Fr. Winiko served as a priest at St Irene's. His home village did not have a source of clean drinking water. St Irene's parishioners solved that problem.
Home is a village of about 500 people in Malawi. Chinyama Village, Thunga Area, Traditional Authority Bvumbwe, Malawi, Africa is about 20 miles east of Blantyre.This village of Chinyama obtained its water from two existing water sources.
One source, about half a mile away from the village, is a stream where people dug a pool to collect water. This is not protected and the pool normally dries up in the summer. It is also a source of contamination because people wash in the same stream, and put their feet in the water when collecting drinking water. Unfortunately, when the rainy season arrives, and this stream collects ground run-off water, the village sees an increase in water-related diseases.
The second source of drinking water is a borehole about 1 1/2 miles away from the village. This borehole supports three other villages. As a Thank You to Fr. Winiko for his contribution to our parish, St. Irene's parishioners provided his village with additional sources of clean drinking water.
Read the details
While completing his theological studies in Boston, Father Romain Rurangirwa served as a priest at St Irene's. When his home seminary needed help in switching from an ever dwindling supply of nearby wood, St Irene's parishioners provided a much needed solution to the Virgo Fidelis Seminary in Rwanda. Parishioners of St. Irene's generously contributed over $30,000 to fund this important project which will provide an environmentally sustainable source of fuel for the seminary and the surrounding village.
Read the details


.TAO File Extension
Track-At-Once CD or DVD Image
Developer N/A
Popularity
2.0 | 5 Votes
Category Disk Image Files
Format Binary
What is a TAO file?
A TAO file is a disk image that contains a copy of a CD or DVD's contents. It is used to create duplicate or backup discs, via CD and DVD burning programs. TAO files are used to burn discs using the track-at-once (TAO) recording method.
More Information
Track-at-once is a method of writing data to a CD-R or DVD-R. Programs that use this method write one track or title to a disc at a time, with run-out and run-in blocks recorded between each track. In contrast, programs that write discs using the disc-at-once (DAO) method write all data to a disc at the same time, often with no run-out and run-in blocks.
Various CD and DVD authoring programs that can write discs using the TAO method can create and load TAO files. These files contain all of a track-at-once disc's contents, saved in a format that can be used to transfer those contents to a recordable disc.
How to open a TAO file
You can open a TAO file and view its contents with Smart Projects IsoBuster (Windows) or EZB Systems UltraISO (Windows). UltraISO also allows you to burn the data your TAO file contains to a CD-R or DVD-R.
Open over 400 file formats with File Viewer Plus.Free Download
Programs that open TAO files
Updated May 12, 2023
Verified by FileInfo.com
The FileInfo.com team has independently researched the Track-At-Once CD or DVD Image file format and Windows apps listed on this page. Our goal is 100% accuracy and we only publish information about file types that we have verified.
If you would like to suggest any additions or updates to this page, please let us know.


using the special function, service person can check the using time or the using number of times for the electrical parts. Also service person can
check the AC supply voltage and /or set the standard voltage.
When "SF-2" is selected, the display will show the total cooking number of times.
Table 1. Total cooking number of times
Set
SF-2
Contents (decimal)
Total cooking number of times
Max.
9999(x100) times
Data clear
{
New data set
–
The service person can check and /or carry out the contents as shown in the table 2.
Table 2. Special function
contents
Check, clear and set of using time or number of times
Error history
Exhaust thermistor check
Model name
Making date of software
key
2
4
6
CUSTOM HELP
Display
SF-2
SF-4
SF-6
cd XX (Model)
XX XX (Date)
XX XX (Time)
After plug in
Yes
NOTE: The function marked "yes" can be used only after the oven is plugged in again.
1. Check, clear and set of using time or number of times
When the display shows "CC" and the number as shown in the table 3,
1) Before replacing the parts, check the using time or number of times about the parts.
2) If the using time or number of times go over the limit level, replace the defective parts.
3) After replacing the parts, clear the using time or number of times about the parts, referring to the table 4.
Table 3. CC error
Display
"CC", "1." repeatedly
"CC", "2." repeatedly
"CC", "3." repeatedly
"CC", "4." repeatedly
"CC", "1.2.4." repeatedly
Content
Magnetron 1 (top)
Magnetron 2 (bottom)
Exhaust fan
Need to change relay unit
Some maintenance occurs same time
Ex. Magnetron 1&2 and relay unit
Limit level
1250 hour
1250 hour
3000 hour
MG Relay 200000 times
Action
Display only
Display only
Display only
Display only
Display only
The using time or using number of times can be checked or set by using the number pads after "SF-2" is set.
Table 4. Using time or number of times about each part
Contents (decimal)
Using time of MG 1 (top)
Using time of MG 2 (bottom)
Using number of times of MG 1 (top) relay
Using number of times of MG 2 (bottom) relay
Total cooking time (hour. min.)
Total cooking time (hundred hour)
Using time of exhaust fan
10 key
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Max.
9999 hours
9999 hours
999 (x 1000) times
999 (x 1000) times
99 hours 59min.
9999 hundred hours
9999 hours
8–1
Data clear
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
New data set
{
{
–
–
–
–
{
RCD1200M
For example: Procedure to check the total cooking number of times (example, 957700 times) and using time (example, 1260 hours) of MG 1
and set 0 hours after MG1 is replaced.
: no sound
{: 0.1 second sound
: 2.0 second sound
✩: [(0.04 sec. ON, 0.04 sec. OFF) x 3] x 4 beeps
: (0.1 sec. ON, 0.1 sec. OFF) x 10 beeps
Operation
(within 20 sec.)
: (0.06 sec. ON, 0.06 sec. OFF) x 2 beeps
Display
.
.
.
.
SF-
SELECT POWER
SET MEMORY
START
STOP/CLEAR
Indicator
SF2
9577
2
(after 1 sec.)
Sound
CHECK
(total counter for serviced [x 100])
1
SELECT TIME
START
1260
0
SF-2
STOP/CLEAR
0
CHECK
For example: Procedure to check the total cooking number of times (example, 957700 times) and clear it and check using time (example,
1260 hours) of MG 1 and set the using time (example, 1000 hours) of MG1.
Operation
(within 20 sec.)
Display
.
.
.
.
SF-
SELECT POWER
SET MEMORY
START
STOP/CLEAR
Indicator
SF2
9577
2
(after 1 sec.)
Sound
CHECK
(total counter for serviced [x 100])
SELECT TIME
START
0
SF-2
1
SELECT TIME
1,0,0,0
START
1260
0
1000
SF-2
STOP/CLEAR
0
CHECK
x4
2. Error history (SF-4)
You can check the most recent 10 error histories.
For example: Procedure to check the error histories that have been memorized in memory 1, memory 2 and memory 9.
Operation
(within 20 sec.)
Display
.
.
.
.
SF-
SELECT POWER
SET MEMORY
START
STOP/CLEAR
SF-4
4
1 (latest error No.)
2 (1 time previous error)
9 (8 times previous error)
#2 SELECT POWER
Indicator
#1 EE 1
EE 6
EE24
0
#1 If there is no error "0" will be displayed.
#2 If you touch SELECT POWER, all history are cleared.
8–2
Sound
RCD1200M
3. Exhaust thermistor check (SF-6)
You can check if the exhaust thermistor works correctly or not by using this function.
For example: In case the exhaust thermistor works correctly (275ml water load is necessary.), the display will show "OH" as follows.
Operation
plug in
Display
.
Indicator
Sound
(within 20 sec.)
(within 20 sec.)
SELECT POWER
.
SET MEMORY
START
STOP/CLEAR
.
.
SF-
6
START
SF-6
5.00
(count down)
ON
or
OH
or
(after 5 min.)
STOP/CLEAR
STOP/CLEAR
SF-1
0
For example: In case the exhaust thermistor works incorrectly (275ml water load is necessary), the display will show "no" as follows. In
that case, the exhaust thermistor should be checked or replaced.
Operation
plug in
Display
.
Indicator
Sound
(within 20 sec.)
(within 20 sec.)
SELECT POWER
.
SET MEMORY
START
STOP/CLEAR
.
.
SF-
6
START
SF-6
5.00
(count down)
ON
no
(after 5 min.)
STOP/CLEAR
STOP/CLEAR
or
SF-1
0
4. CUSTOM HELP
You can check if the correct control unit is installed or not by using this function.
Procedure to check the model name and making date of software.
Operation
plug in
Display
.
Indicator
(within 20 sec.)
(within 20 sec.)
SELECT POWER
SET MEMORY
START
STOP/CLEAR
CUSTOM HELP
.
.
.
SF#1 cd12 (model name)
XXXX (date)
STOP/CLEAR
XXXX (time)
0
#1: The display will show "cd12" means model R-CD1200M.
8–3
Sound
RCD1200M
[2] SERVICING FOR BRINTED WIRING BOARDS
1. Precautions for Handling Electronic Components
b) On some models, the power supply cord between the printed
wiring boards and the oven proper is long enough that they
may be separated from each other. For those models, it is
possible to check and repair the controls of the printed wiring
boards while keeping it apart from the oven proper; in this
case you must short both ends of the door sensing switch
(on PWB) of the printed wiring boards with a jumper, which
activates an operational state that is equivalent to the oven
door being closed. As for the sensor-related controls of the
printed wiring boards, checking them is possible if dummy
resistor(s) with resistance equal to that of the controls are
used.
This unit uses CMOS LSI in the integral part of the circuits. When handling these parts, the following precautions should be strictly followed.
CMOS LSI have extremely high impedance at its input and output terminals. For this reason, it is easily influenced by the surrounding high
voltage power source, static electricity charge in clothes, etc. and
sometimes it is not fully protected by the built-in protection circuit.
In order to protect CMOS LSI.
1) When storing and transporting, thoroughly wrap them in aluminium
foil. Also wrap PW boards containing them in aluminium foil.
2) When soldering, ground the technician as shown in the figure and
use grounded soldering iron and work table.
2. Servicing the printed wiring boards with power supply from an
external power source:
Disconnect the printed wiring boards completely from the oven
proper, and short both ends of the door sensing switch (on PWB) of
the printed wiring boards, which activates an operational state that
is equivalent to the oven door being closed. Connect an external
power source to the power input terminal of the printed wiring
boards, then it is possible to check and repair the controls of the
printed wiring boards it is also possible to check the sensor-related
controls of the printed wiring boards by using the dummy resistor(s).
approx. 1M ohm
2. Servicing of Printed Wiring Boards
We describe the procedures to permit servicing of the printed wiring
boards of the microwave oven and the precautions you must take
when doing so. To perform the servicing, power to the printed wiring
boards is available either from the power line of the oven itself or from
an external power source.
3. Servicing Tools
Tools required to service the printed wiring boards assembly.
1. Servicing the printed wiring boards with power supply of the
oven:
1) Soldering iron: 60W
CAUTION: THE HIGH VOLTAGE TRANSFORMER OF THE MICROWAVE OVEN IS STILL LIVE DURING SERVICING AND
PRESENTS A HAZARD.
(It is recommended to use a soldering iron with a grounding terminal.)
2) Oscilloscope: Single beam, frequency range: DC - 10MHz type or
more advanced model.
Therefore, before checking the performance of the printed wiring
boards,
3) Others: Hand tools
1)


text:
1889 - The Village that took the blame.
One late April day in 1889, an incident, both ugly in action and repercussion,
between the town of Cinderford and its neighbouring village to the north-west,
Ruardean, occurred which has gone down in the annals of Forest of Dean folk lore -
the killing of the bears. In ensuing years that sombre event caused rift, anger and
often violence as the people of Ruardean were blamed for the death of the animals.
Rugby teams from the Forest playing away games were often baited with cries
of: 'Who killed the bears?' and even as late as 50 years ago, it was a brave man
who posed the question, particularly within earshot of Ruardean village itself. It was
a stain on its character that the village found hard to endure and reacted sorely
Happily, as time went by, those directly involved or eye-witnesses, died and
feeling mellowed. So much so, that in 1989, the people of Ruardean marked the
centenary of the killing, with fancy dress parades and a gala weekend which
attracted considerable press and television coverage. So, exactly what did happen
all those years ago on that road from Cinderford to Ruardean that soured relations
between the two centres for nigh on the best part of a century.


Article Tag: Salaried partner
FAQs: Responding to a Settlement Agreement
Signing a settlement agreement
If you are an employee, Salaried Partner or Director and have been offered a settlement agreement but you are unsure what to do next, here are some FAQs to consider: 1. What is a Settlement Agreement? A settlement agreement is a legally binding document that, in most circumstances, will set out the terms on which… Read more »


text:
The year 2012 is the year of change for the search engine giant Google and C0.The Mountain View Company has changed the their user interface and introduced the +1 share button in search results and made several changes.
How to Stop the Google's Spying Eyes from Tracking your Online Activities:
1. Log into _URL_
2. Click the Pause button to stop your data from being collected by google.
3. Click the "Remove All Web History" to delete all your previous data collected by google Web Search.
4. If you want to remove you can directly click " Remove All Web History", it automatically pauses your web history. (As of now, Google offers this, at any time they can remove the automatic pause functionality)


text:
Study: Gulf of Alaska Wind Patterns Help and Hurt Pollock Survival
For years, scientists at the Alaska Fisheries Science Center have long wondered why an abundance of very young pollock doesn't always translate into a similar abundance of adult pollock a few years later. Now they know why, and while it sheds light on a long-asked question, it also raises more about the dynamic between the Gulf of Alaska ecosystem and pollock, an important national resource.
The new study conclusively shows that the Gulf of Alaska is a wind-driven system that determines year-to-year distribution of juvenile...
To Read Full Story Login Below.


. Read on to find out why this is happening and how we can solve it.
Reactive todos
As we've already seen, every time the value of a component top-level variable is modified Svelte knows how to update the UI. In our app, the todos array value is updated directly every time a todo is toggled or deleted, and so Svelte will update the DOM automatically.
The same is not true for totalTodos and completedTodos, however. In the following code they are assigned a value when the component is instantiated and the script is executed, but after that, their values are not modified:
let totalTodos = todos.length
let completedTodos = todos.filter(todo => todo.completed).length
We could recalculate them after toggling and removing todos, but there's an easier way to do it.
We can tell Svelte that we want our totalTodos and completedTodos variables to be reactive by prefixing them with $:. Svelte will generate the code to automatically update them whenever data they depend on is changed.
Note: Svelte uses the $: JavaScript label statement syntax to mark reactive statements. Just like the export keyword being used to declare props, this may look a little alien. This is another example in which Svelte takes advantage of valid JavaScript syntax and gives it a new purpose — in this case to mean "re-run this code whenever any of the referenced values change". Once you get used to it, there's no going back.
Update your totalTodos and completedTodos variable definitions inside src/components/Todos.svelte to look like so:
$: totalTodos = todos.length
$: completedTodos = todos.filter(todo => todo.completed).length
If you check your app now, you'll see that the heading's numbers are updated when todos are completed or deleted. Nice!
Behind the scenes the Svelte compiler will parse and analyze our code to make a dependency tree, then it will generate the JavaScript code to re-evaluate each reactive statement whenever one of their dependencies is updated. Reactivity in Svelte is implemented in a very lightweight and performant way, without using listeners, setters, getters, or any other complex mechanism.
Adding new todos
Now onto the next major task for this article — let's add some functionality for adding new todos.
 1. First, we'll create a variable to hold the text of the new todo. Add this declaration to the


scipy.constants.lambda2nu
scipy.constants.lambda2nu(lambda_)[source]
Convert wavelength to optical frequency
Parameters:
lambda_ : array_like
Wavelength(s) to be converted.
Returns:
nu : float or array of floats
Equivalent optical frequency.
Notes
Computes nu = c / lambda where c = 299792458.0, i.e., the (vacuum) speed of light in meters/second.
Examples
>>> from scipy.constants import lambda2nu, speed_of_light
>>> lambda2nu(np.array((1, speed_of_light)))
array([ 2.99792458e+08, 1.00000000e+00])


text:
Had a comment on another site from a friend — he was wondering about the size of Boston in the 1760s, where "The Tavern Fire" and the Thieftaker books are set. Boston was, by that time, the third largest city in North America, with a population of around 16,000. Twenty years before, it had been the largest city in the colonies, but due largely to economic circumstances and demographic changes brought on by the French and Indian War (or the Seven Year's War, as it was known in Europe), it was overtaken at midcentury by Philadelphia and New York.
For more on the historical circumstances underlying the Thieftaker books, check out the Historical Notes page on the D.B. Jackson website. And if that doesn't satisfy your curiosity, go to the Historical Sources page, for titles of books that might be of interest.


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Recipes for Grilled Vegetables
Updated on May 17, 2010
Really Great Grilling Tips Any One Can Learn
Vegetarian grilling may seem oxymoronic-grilling means hotdogs, hamburgers and steak right? But grilling is actually a great way to cook vegetables and to turn out tasty vegetarian meals. Grilling enhances the naturally delicious flavors of vegetables.
Cooking methods are divided into three groups: moist heat methods like boiling and steaming, dry heat methods such as grilling and baking and combination methods, like braising where both moist and dry heat are used. When cooking, using moist heat methods, the temperature never really goes above the boiling point of water or 212 degrees Fahrenheit. Dry heat methods, on the other hand, allow the food to get much hotter and as a result sugars caramelize (turn brown and change flavor) and more water is lost as it evaporates out of the food. The combination of water loss and caramelization results in more intense flavors.
Sadly, all too often grilled vegetables are served blackened and bitter or essentially raw and either way they're unappealing. So what's the key to delicious grilled vegetables? Understanding the proper technique. When armed with the right information, it's easy to prepare mouth watering, juicy vegetables that are perfectly tender and never over-caramelized.
First things first: size and shape matters. Vegetable kabobs may look nice just before they go on the grill, but they rarely taste good once cooked. The problem is the shape of the pieces, and the fact that they are packed together on a skewer.
The best way to achieve perfectly grilled vegetables is to cut them into large flat pieces that are even thickness throughout. Once cooked these large pieces can be cut into smaller shapes and used in a variety of dishes. This method works particularly well with the summer squashes and eggplant. Their natural shape allows you to cut them into long slabs that are about 3/8-inch thick.
Other vegetables are more difficult to handle because they don't have a uniform shape and size to begin with, but once you master cutting them into the proper shapes they are a cinch to grill.
Onions should be cut into 3/8-inch to 1/2-inch thick rounds, parallel to the equator. Make sure to start from one end and not by cutting the onion in half first. Then skewer the slices with a toothpick or small skewer to keep the rings together.
Thin vegetables such as asparagus and scallions and watery vegetables like tomatoes and tomatillos grill best when left whole.
High water content greens like bok choy and romaine lettuce grill very nicely, simply trim off a bit of the bottom but leave the core intact and soak them in cold water to remove any sand or dirt.
Endive, fennel and others with a more substantial core, can be sliced lengthwise; this allows the core to hold the vegetable together while grilling. Most cores can be eaten but, if you desire, the core can be removed once the vegetable is cooked.
Bell peppers are often cut into small shapes and skewered but they never cook well using this method. Instead, cut off the top and bottom of the pepper, remove the core, then cut the pepper in half from top to bottom. This way you end up with two flat rectangles that are grilled skin side down.
Mind the flavor. Vegetables must be brushed with oil before grilling since, unlike meat, they don't contain any fat that allows them to self-baste. And since you have to add extra calories from fat, you might as well enjoy them. Forego the vegetable oil and use a nice tasty olive oil instead.
Don't forget the salt and pepper! It's okay to cook a burger without any seasoning-its just going to get drenched in ketchup anyway-but your vegetables won't. Make sure to season them before they go on the grill and taste and adjust the seasoning once they are finished cooking.
The best way to oil and season vegetables is to lay them in a single layer on a cookie sheet, brush them with olive oil and season them with salt and pepper. Turn them over and repeat on the other side. You can also load them into a zip lock bag, add the oil and seasonings and toss them. This method works better with some vegetables better than others (onions and fennel tend to fall apart) and, unless you wash them, you wind up tossing yet one more plastic bag into a landfill.
Marinades are great, but avoid those that contain sugar, which caramelizes quickly and causes the exterior to blacken too much. When cooking a mixture grilling different vegetables together, never marinate all of them. The result is a plate of food that all tastes exactly the same. The great thing about vegetables is that they have such a wonderful assortment of flavors; by marinating them all together you lose the interest and the dish becomes boring. It is better to choose one or two to marinate and allow the others to retain their natural flavors.
Use both moist heat and dry heat to cook your vegetables. On the up side, the dry heat of grilling adds great flavor, on the down side, its way too easy to end up with overly blackened and dehydrated vegetables. In order to cook vegetables throughout, you may end up having to leave them on the grill until they are overdone on the outside. There is an easy solution, grill them long enough to have nice markings on both sides-then take them off the grill, place them in a bowl or pot and cover them tightly with plastic wrap so that no steam can escape, and leave them for 5-10 minutes. This way you create a warm moist heat environment that finishes cooking the vegetable through, without allowing them to get any browner or drier. Onions, fennel, peppers, tomatoes, zucchini and eggplant are especially delicious when cooked in this manner.
Finally, cook more than you need. If you are going to go through the process of lighting the grill, you might as well cook more vegetables than you need for a single meal. Use them in omelets and sandwiches, to make pizza or grain and pasta salads. Perfectly grilled vegetables are a welcome addition to almost meal.
Grilled Endive Salad with Golden Raisins
Yield: 4 side-dish servings
1/4 cup pine nuts
3 tablespoons extra-virgin olive oil
1 tablespoon balsamic vinegar
1/2 teaspoon honey
1/2 teaspoon Dijon mustard
Pinch salt
Several grinds black pepper, to taste
2 Belgian endives, halved lengthwise
1 tablespoon olive oil
6 cups loosely packed torn red lettuce leaves
1/4 cup golden raisins
Place a single layer of pine nuts in a small cast-iron skillet on the stovetop over medium-high heat. Shake the pan frequently. (The nuts will become slightly golden and emit a nutty aroma.) Remove the nuts from the pan and set aside until needed.
In a small bowl, whisk together the extra-virgin olive oil, balsamic vinegar, honey, mustard, salt and black pepper. Set aside the dressing.
Meanwhile, preheat the grill to medium-high. Use a pastry brush to brush both sides of the endive with some of the olive oil. Place the endive on the grill, cut sides down. Cook for about 2 minutes, baste with some more of the oil, and turn with tongs. Continue to cook for about 2 more minutes. (The endive will wilt slightly and develop grill marks.) Remove the endive from the grill.
Place the lettuce in a large bowl and drizzle with the dressing. Toss to combine. Distribute between 4 salad plates. Place one grilled endive half atop the lettuce on each plate. Sprinkle with equal amounts of raisins and pine nuts. Serve immediately.
Baby Bok Choy with Lemon Miso Sauce
Yield: 6 side-dish servings
1/4 cup freshly squeezed lemon juice
2 tablespoons white miso
2 cloves garlic, minced
3 teaspoons cornstarch
1 pound baby bok choy
2 tablespoons toasted sesame oil
Pre-heat the grill to medium high. In a small saucepan, whisk together the lemon juice, miso, garlic, and 1/4 cup of water. Place on the stovetop over low heat and cook until steaming.
Place 2 tablespoons water in a small jar with a tight-fitting lid and add the cornstarch. Cover tightly and shake to dissolve. Whisk the cornstarch mixture into the saucepan and cook over medium-low heat until thickened, about 1 minute (do not overcook it or it will get gummy). Remove the saucepan from the heat and set aside in a warm spot.
Rinse the bok choy and shake to remove some of the water. Cut any large heads in half lengthwise. Place the bok choy in a plastic bag and drizzle with the sesame oil. Twist the bag to seal, allowing some air to remain in the bag. Toss gently to coat the bok choy evenly. Place the bok choy on the grill and grill for 3 to 5 minutes, turning frequently, until the leaves are limp and slightly charred. Remove the bok choy from the grill and place on a serving platter. Drizzle with the sauce and serve immediately.
Saffron Rice with Grilled Fennel, Asparagus and Leeks
Y


text:
Automatic Darkening Welding Filter
Definition - What does Automatic Darkening Welding Filter mean?
An automatic darkening welding filter contains a shutter module that is operated electronically. This module contains ultraviolet (UV) and infra red (IR) filters. The UV and IR filters do not need electricity to operate. The liquid crystal light valve, though, is operated electrically.
Safeopedia explains Automatic Darkening Welding Filter
The liquid crystal (LC) light valve is operated electrically. When the voltage is applied, the crystals re-orient themselves, which are separated by two separate sheets of glass. When the bright light from the welding operation strikes the light valve, the control module darkens the LC valve shutter. The liquid crystal is not sensitive to light itself, and it does not change the shade independently. It depends on the control circuit to change the tint of it.


Get Statement
একটি সম্পর্কিত ফাইল থেকে রেকর্ড, অথবা একটি বাইনারি ফাইল হতে বাইটের একটি ক্রম, ভেরিয়েবলে পড়া হয়।
আরও দেখুন: PUT স্ট্যাটমেন্ট
Syntax:
Get Statement diagram
Get [#]fileNum, [recordNum|filePos], variable
Parameters:
fileNum: Any integer expression that determines the file number.
recordNum: For files opened in Random mode, recordNum is the number of the record that you want to read.
For files opened in Binary mode, filePos is the byte position in the file where the reading starts.
If recordNum and filePos are omitted, the current position or the current data record of the file is used.
variable: Name of the variable to be read. With the exception of object variables, you can use any variable type.
Example:
Sub ExampleRandomAccess
 Dim iNumber As Integer
 Dim sText As Variant REM অবশ্যই একটি ভেরিয়েন্ট হবে
 Dim aFile As String
 aFile = "c:\data.txt"
 iNumber = Freefile
 Open aFile For Random As #iNumber Len=32
 Seek #iNumber,1 REM Position at beginning
 Put #iNumber,, "This is the first line of text" REM Fill line with text
 Put #iNumber,, "This is the second line of text"
 Put #iNumber,, "This is the third line of text"
 Seek #iNumber,2
 Get #iNumber,,sText
 Print sText
 Close #iNumber
 iNumber = Freefile
 Open aFile For Random As #iNumber Len=32
 Get #iNumber,2,sText
 Put #iNumber,,"This is a new text"
 Get #iNumber,1,sText
 Get #iNumber,2,sText
 Put #iNumber,20,"This is the text in record 20"
 Print Lof(#iNumber)
 Close #iNumber
End Sub
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text:
This article will explain where the My Organization contact information, Transfer Point of Contact, Administrative Point of Contact and Permanent Rescue Contacts are displayed and populated in Shelterluv.
Under Configurations > General Shelter > My Organization, you will find:
- My Organization contact information
- Transfer Point of Contact
- Administrative Point of Contact
On System Generated Documents
- Contact information in the top right corner will populate from My Organization
- "Owner" information will populate from your Transfer Point of Contact or the adopter's contact information on the following documents:
- Complete Medical History
- Treatment Sheet History
- Spay/Neuter Certificate
- Rabies Vaccination Certificate
For example, in the Complete Medical History document:
The email address and phone number that displays on all contracts is populated from the Administrative Point of Contact.
In Microchip Auto-Uploads
- Upon intake, a new animal's microchip is registered to your organization using the following fields from My Organization:
- Shelter Name
- Street Address
- Transfer Point of Contact's email address
- Transfer Point of Contact's phone number
- The email address that is entered under the "Microchip Registries" section is used for Found Animals' "Permanent Rescue Contact" feature in the auto-upload files.
- The email address entered here must match an existing registry account at Found Animals.
- Remaining on file as the "Permanent Rescue Contact" ensures that you are called and emailed at the same time as the pet owner if Found Pet Alerts are triggered for the pet.
As the "Reply to" Email Address
The "Reply to" email address for certain system generated emails will populate from your Administrative Point of Contact. These system generated emails include the following:
- Email sent for document delivery at checkout (Important Documents including adoption Contract, Receipt, etc.)
- Email sent from Animal and Person Record profiles (system generated documents and attachments)
- Application requests verification mail (triggered when a known email starts an application)
- Foster emails (invitation to access foster profile, foster email pleas, etc.)
- Scheduling requests and confirmation emails


text:
On Oct 2, 2006, Magpye from NW Qtr, AR (Zone 6a) wrote:
The Scyrotis athleta .. is also known as one of the 'jumping bean moths' of South Africa.
In the sand and leaf-litter beneath Rhus lucida, one can sometimes see small (about 6 mm) oval 'beans' that jump. In the 'bean' is the larva of a moth; Scyrotis athleta.
The movement and jumping is a response to heat and facilitates repositioning of the 'bean' into ideal pupating conditions in the soil and leaf-litter. It is quite a mystery how such a small larva in such a confined space is able to exert the force required to jump (up to 10 cm). Janse (1920) concluded that it is done by careful positioning inside the 'bean' and rapid contracting and relaxing of muscles.
The 'beans' start off as bumps (galls) that form on the leaves of Rhus lucida. A female... read more


Multiple of 999 can be Split into Groups of 3 Digits which Add to 999
From ProofWiki
Jump to: navigation, search
Theorem
Let $n$ be a (strictly positive) integer multiple of $999$.
Then it is possible to split $n$ up into groups of $3$ digits, counting from the unit position, to form $3$-digit integers which add up to $999$.
Examples
\(\displaystyle 4 \times 999\) \(=\) \(\displaystyle 3996\) $\quad$ $\quad$
\(\displaystyle \leadsto \ \ \) \(\displaystyle 3 + 996\) \(=\) \(\displaystyle 999\) $\quad$ $\quad$
\(\displaystyle 15 \times 999\) \(=\) \(\displaystyle 14 \, 985\) $\quad$ $\quad$
\(\displaystyle \leadsto \ \ \) \(\displaystyle 14 + 985\) \(=\) \(\displaystyle 999\) $\quad$ $\quad$
\(\displaystyle 47 \times 999\) \(=\) \(\displaystyle 57 \, 942\) $\quad$ $\quad$
\(\displaystyle \leadsto \ \ \) \(\displaystyle 57 + 942\) \(=\) \(\displaystyle 999\) $\quad$ $\quad$
Proof
Sources


text:
Care For Creation
For celebrating Creationtide mindfully in an age of environmental emergency, resources from the Iona Community's Common Concern Network on the Environment.
A collection of short stories told by vivid voices, charting the changing cycles and seasons of the year, and reflecting the liturgical patterns of the church and all the weathers of our hearts.
A new, smaller-format edition of Ewan Mathers' beautiful photographs depicting in detail the carvings of the restored cloisters of Iona Abbey, with text reflecting on the meaning of each design and information about the flora and fauna of the Isle of Iona and beyond, which most of the carvings represent. This use of symbols from the natural world reflects the close links of the early Celtic Christians with the land around them.
A book about the original Pearls of Life bracelet. There is a now a new version of the Pearls (available from Verbum Sweden at: _URL_ where one of the beads is a different colour, but most of this book is still relevant.
A book of reflections reaffirming the fundamental connection between belief in God and commitment to and awareness of God's world, and calling us to recommit ourselves to the way of love in our uncertain times.
Liturgies, meditations, reflections, prayers, poems etc that have been tried and tested with local congregations, often at ecumenical worship events. They celebrate the One who came to earth to live a fully human life, who understands what it is to be human. Material for Advent, Christmas, Epiphany, Lent, Holy Week, Easter, Pentecost and more.


text:
The photo by Mark Cole shows a northbound freight train emerging from this short 59-metre tunnel in 1975, close to what is now the boundary between the KCDC and the Porirua City Council.
It's the northernmost of the 5 tunnels in the Pukerua Bay section (originally there were 6 but one was later bypassed).
The tunnels have presented operational problems for decades, mainly because, unlike the rest of the railway between Wellington and Waikanae, they are single track and trains in either direction often have to wait until they can enter this section. If there was double track it would certainly shave at least a couple of minutes off commuter train journey times. But double tracking the tunnels would be expensive.
Another problem before 1967 was that the floors of the tunnels were too high to allow clearance for the diesel locomotives that the railways were steadily putting into service to replace steam. This necessitated all trains (except the units) being hauled by electric locomotives between Paekakariki and Wellington until 1967.
Incidentally, the locomotive is a Dx class diesel from 1972, and their unique orange/yellow livery was nicknamed 'clockwork orange.'


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Undine
Mermonster
A Deceased Undine washed up on shore.
:
Undine are powerful magical ocean creatures that have telepathic and hydrokinetic powers aswell as being able to change human to undine form, they possess the body shape of half merperson and half nod fish. these creatures live in mostly aquis but can use their portal to travel to earth in their ocean aswell. they can only survive underwater, and have superfast swimming capability as well as speaking all languages due to telepathy
Powers & Abilities:
Telepathy - undine have the gift of telepathy, they can hear and project thoughts of every living thing, human or non human and can create telepathic blue blasts.
Hydrokinesis - they have the power to mould and manipulate water aswell as make it speed them up in swimming and helps them push objects back underwater.
Tail Knocks - can throw their tail as a weapon of defense.
Organic Defense System - cannot die or get ill easily.
Empathy - can pick up and feel emotions of beings.
Species:
Aquarius Unaperdus Deramous
Elemental Connection:
Water,Psychic
Weaknesses:
An electrokinetic charge to the organs/heart, telepathic resistance, a cryokinetic charge.
The Undine (Race)Edit
Able to communicate telepathically, the Undine prosper only because of the complex water purification machines they rely on. This humanoid race is perfectly adapted to life underwater with efficient gills and fins that power them through the shadowy depths. They resemble what those in Mortalis would refer to as mermaids.
[edit] Undine Society
Undinetelepatic
An Undine using telepathy with a blue glow
Edit
Elegant and cultured, the Undine strive for Order throughout Aquis. But the taint of Chaos has reached even here with bizarre mutations roaming the depths of Aquis. Even Adaro, the King of the Undine has not escaped - and in his madness, he is planning to sacrifice his Queen Aino to the gods of the sea.
It's noted that the Undine race are significantly advanced as a people opposed to the other races of Oblivion with significantly advanced machines and lifestyle not common in other realms.
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text:
Tulane public health graduate students
Omayemi Ofuya and Claire Wichitchu
conduct door-to-door surveys to assess
residents' eating and grocery-shopping
habits in two New Orleans neighborhoods.
(Photo by Paula Burch-Celentano)
Makin' Groceries project explores neighborhood shopping patterns
This academic year, the Tulane Prevention Research Center has collected information in two New Orleans neighborhoods to see how residents shop and eat in areas that have limited availability of healthy food.
So far, 900 door-to-door surveys have been collected by nearly 30 research assistants hired to work on the Makin' Groceries project.
The Prevention Research Center began the study in partnership with several New Orleans neighborhood groups, public health advocates, academic institutions, social entrepreneurs and local residents. The project is part of core research on food access, funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
"This has been a collaborative process from the beginning — the partnership designed the logo and helped decide what questions to ask residents," says Jeanette Gustat, an associate professor of clinical epidemiology and faculty member leading the project.
The Makin' Groceries study revolves around an in-depth description of the grocery shopping and dietary patterns of residents living in two New Orleans neighborhoods with documented food access issues: the Bunny Friend neighborhood in the Upper Ninth Ward and the Treme/Lafitte/Mid-City area around North Broad Street.
The Makin' Groceries research team will look at how the food environments in the two neighborhoods are associated with healthy eating attitudes and practices.
"Once we collect and analyze the necessary data, we hope to share the results so that everyone, from residents to policymakers, can use the information to make decisions about addressing the lack of healthy foods in many neighborhoods," Gustat says.
Students working on the study said they gained insights into food access issues by hearing firsthand accounts of how residents have to go to great lengths to even get to a store.
"It was sad to hear that many residents have had to go without eating fresh fruits and vegetables due to distance and cost," says Claire Wichitchu, a student graduating this year.
Naomi King Englar is communications and training coordinator at the Tulane Prevention Research Center in the School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine.
Reprinted with permission from Tulane New Wave.
April 1, 2013
Naomi King Englar


Version: 2020.1
Solving network issues
Package Manager 창
Scoped registry authentication
Some organizations host their own packages on private package registries that require authentication to access. If you are an employee or customer of one of those organizations, you must configure a scoped registry with npm authentication. To set this up, get an npm authentication token and then add that token to your user configuration file.
Fetching the npm authentication token
The process of creating and accessing an npm authentication token is different for each registry provider. For example, JFrog's Bintray and Artifactory repository managers use a different procedure to generate the authentication token from npm. This is an example of a typical procedure, but you need to follow the process recommended by the specific package registry provider for your scoped registry.
To fetch an authentication token from npm:
 1. Install npm locally on your machine.
 2. From a terminal, enter this command to log into the registry:
 $ npm login --registry <registry url>
 3. Locate and open the generated .npmrc file.
 4. Locate either the _authToken or the _auth entry and copy its value (see the example below).
 Depending on the registry, the token string can be either a GUID, a token, or a proprietary-formatted string.
Examples of .npmrc files
This is an example of an .npmrc file containing an _authToken attribute:
registry=_URL_
//example.com:1234/mylocation/:_authToken=<AUTH TOKEN>
This is an example of an .npmrc file containing an_auth attribute:
registry=_URL_
_auth=<AUTH TOKEN>
email=<EMAIL>
always-auth=true
Configuring authentication information
Store your token information for each scoped registry that requires authentication in the .upmconfig.toml user configuration file using the npmAuth configuration schema. Once you save this information to the configuration file, Package Manager will provide your authentication information on every request made to each registry in the file.
Follow these instructions to add your authentication information to the user configuration file:
 1. Locate the .upmconfig.toml user configuration file. If the file does not already exist, create an empty text file.
 2. Format your authentication information using a schema, depending on whether you are using a Bearer (token-based) or Basic (Base64-encrypted) authentication mechanism:
[npmAuth."<REGISTRY URL>"]
<TOKEN-PROPERTY> = "<TOKEN-VALUE>"
email = "<EMAIL>"
alwaysAuth = <BOOLEAN>
This table clarifies how to specify the configuration file values:
Entry: 설명:
[npmAuth."<REGISTRY URL>"] Required. URL for the registry. For example, [npmAuth."_URL_
<TOKEN-PROPERTY> = "<TOKEN-VALUE>" Required. The authentication token generated from the npm registry. This could be either a GUID, a token, or a proprietary-formatted string. For example, this could be either token = "<AUTH TOKEN>" (Bearer) or _auth = "<BASE64 TOKEN>" (Basic).
email Optional. Email address for the user matching the user's email on the registry.
alwaysAuth Optional. Set to true if the package metadata and tarballs are not located on the same server. Typically, you can copy the value from the .npmrc file you generated.
Example using Bearer authentication
[npmAuth."http://localhost:8081/myrepository/mylocation"]
token = "NpmToken.2348c7ea-6f86-3dbe-86b6-f257e86569a8"
alwaysAuth = true
[npmAuth."http://localhost:4873"]
token = "eaJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJyZWFsX2dyb3VwcyI6WyJwYXNjYWxsIl0sIm5hbWUiOiJwYXNjYWxsIiwiZ3JvdXBzIjpbInBhc2NhbGwiLCIkYWxsIiwiJGF1dGhlbnRpY2F0ZWQiLCJAYWxsIiwiQGF1dGhlbnRpY2F0ZWQiLCJhbGwiLCJwYXNjYWxsIl0sImlhdCI6MTU3NDY4ODQ5MCwibmJmIjoxNTc0Njg4NDkxLCJleHAiOjE1Nzk4NzI0OTB9.qF8_0ue1ppraWLkReT06AMG6R7RZuDiV2XinxMkdSo0"
[npmAuth."_URL_
token = "aGFzY2FsbDo4ZWIwNTM5NzBjNTI3OTIwYjQ4MDVkYzY2YWEzNmQxOTkyNDYzZjky"
email = "_EMAIL_"
alwaysAuth = true
Solving network issues
Package Manager 창


your code has to change until your ready to use the zip code field. Your objects have an extra accessor, which is automatically created by the code that parses the column-description line, but nothing else is affected.
 It could be you want to add the zip code to the address labels, but you dont want to change the DB schema to capture zip codes. You change the label generation code, and leave the DB insert code alone. So your DB inserts continue to work, and your address labels now have zip codes.
 All because you were able to have the client give you one extra line in the supplied flat files.
 ...reality must take precedence over public relations, for nature cannot be fooled. - R P Feynmann
 Field header rows can be useful indeed. However they are only really applicable to files that contain only a single record type. Many of the files i deal with contain multiple record types. But its a good point, thanks.
 ---
 $world=~s/war/peace/g
Re: Thoughts on designing a file format.
by radiantmatrix (Parson) on Sep 14, 2005 at 17:17 UTC
 I've done a number of file formats as well, and there are two pieces of advice I'd like to add to your excellent list:
 1. Explicitly specify your escape methodology: if you are creating a CSV file, how will a comma in the data be escaped?
 2. If possible, use record and unit separators that are unlikely to exist in your data: for example, I like to use the ASCII chars \x1E\x0A ("Record Separator"+ newline) and \x1F ("Unit Separator") to separate records and elements, respectively. These are unlikely to appear in text data (unlike columns, tabs, etc.) and reduce the complexity of the escaping strategy that will be required.
 In many cases, combining these can result in "the record-separator and element-separator chars are not allowed in text data" as an escaping strategy. This means you can use code like:
 open my $F_data, '<', 'filename.dat' or die("bad open: $!"); local $\ = "\x1E\x0A"; while (<$F_data>) { my @row = split("\x1F", $_); process (\@row); }
 Instead of relying on (admittedly excellent) modules like Text::CSV_XS. Using these chars tremendously simplifies one's life!
 <-radiant.matrix->
 Larry Wall is Yoda: there is no try{} (ok, except in Perl6; way to ruin a joke, Larry! ;P)
 The Code that can be seen is not the true Code
 "In any sufficiently large group of people, most are idiots" - Kaa's Law
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Tagged spa design
Spa Designs Around the World
Ahhh, who doesn't like a day at the spa? While spas offer patrons the chance to escape and experience utter bliss with a utopia-like atmosphere, aesthetically, spas offer more than basic relaxation and practicality. In fact, a spa design concept begins and ends with the notion of promoting general well-being.
The best spa designs around the world enhance and benefit physical, emotional and mental states. But how exactly can a spa design concept accomplish such a feat?
A Mainstream Industry Rooted in Culture
When taking a look at current trends in spas designs around the world, it helps to view design concepts from a historical perspective.
Here's a fun fact: The word "spa" is actually an acronym from the Latin phrase 'Salus per Aquam,' which means 'Health from Water.'
Historically, spas were naturally forming water springs that were used to aid in the healing process. Some of the oldest references of spas are found to be dated back to 370 B.C. In all that time, spas have not lost their fundamental purpose of promoting holistic medicine and wellbeing.
Fast forward 2000 years, spas are at the forefront of the holistic health and wellness movement. And spa design concepts seem to embody the assertion that nature heals.
Spa Designs Around the World
If spas are developed as wellness centers, architecture and design also enhance this setting through the use of clean lines, warm color palettes, and geometrical shapes often found in nature. Some of the most notable designs in the spa industry indicate just how entrenched 'natural healing' concepts have been incorporated.
In order for the spa guest to have an instant feeling of relaxation, they need to step into a harmonious space. In linking all senses, décor, color, sounds and scents each play their own role in telling the story of the spa and help to set the ambiance and experience.
From spa design concepts that enhance their natural environment to quiet havens in bustling cities, these designs are some of the most prolific within the spa industry.
Arclin TFL's Cognac and Alabama Cherry look modern and clean when paired with white.
Victorian Architecture
Paying homage to ancient Rome and even taking elements from the ancient Egyptians, Victorian Architecture is both grand and eclectic. Its use for practicality is minimal, favoring beauty instead. For spas, elements of wood and stone are often used. Ancient Roman baths are considered the cornerstone of these spa settings. Asymmetrical lines and ornate accents are emphasized to promote grandeur while still remaining humble in other aspects.
Taking a look at St. Pancras Spa at the Renaissance Hotel in London, these design concepts are incorporated and anything but subtle. For color, a peacock theme and colored accents establish notions and motifs of eternal life and rejuvenation.
Nature as Inspiration
Other spa design concepts utilize nature as continued inspiration. In mimicking the environment from which they derived, these spas exemplify elements of their surroundings and usually remain minimalistic. Focal points are live plants, enhancing the spas restorative journey. In addition, warm woods and neutral linens are used. Bamboo, similarly, sets a tone for Eastern-inspired spa designs.
The Aman Spa located in Canyon Point, Utah is a beautiful design inspired by its natural surroundings. The region's ancient Navajo landscapes stay firmly in place as the focal point of the spa design concept. The architecture is bold, albeit simplistic, and properly juxtaposes the smooth curves of the background while upholding the elegance of modern spas.
Modern & Worldly Elements
Spa Design with Calm Horizon by Arclin TFL
This eclectic, modern spa design can be replicated with Arclin TFL's rustic weathered Calm Horizon, which has great fidelity and color. See Calm Horizon here. HR Maple is also a classic choice that allows design elements, like these teal built-ins, to pop.
Uniquely designed spaces often incorporate a multitude of design concepts. Some select from modern or contemporary details, such as geometric lines, neutral tones, and bold pieces. Worldly aesthetics can include inspiration from various areas around the globe or region-specific accents. For instance, beach themes can be inspired by Thailand and the Asia Pacific, Caribbean roots or South American heritage.
Galgorm Resort & Spa located in Ballymena, Northern Ireland is a breathtaking spa design combining elements of various design aesthetics. Outwardly facing, dark woods and exposed weather bricks make up much of the façade. Inside, comfortable hanging pod chairs and pendant lights, plus adornments of vibrant colors, create an uplifting atmosphere while still remaining comforting and relaxing.
Arclin Design for Natural Accents
Arclin's decorative TFL overlays are the perfect backdrop or complement to many furniture choices or design highlights in a spa environment. Why TFL? Our environmentally-friendly products provide easy maintenance that makes them at home in any space and our broad range of palettes ensures TFL fits beautifully in luxury-minded designs. Contact us today to learn more about how we can help with upcoming spa designs.


text:
Walk pastures to identify hazards
Walking pastures periodically to identify hazards will reduce risk of injury to your horse.
Summertime is upon us and horses have been turned out to pasture now for a few months. Many horse owners may have experienced a time when a horse comes in from the pasture and you observe some sort of injury (scratch, cut, swollen leg, etc.) to the horse and you are perplexed as to how the horse may have injured itself. It is important to recognize that pastures will change throughout the season and hazards that were not present in the spring may now be present. So, this raises the question, have you walked your pasture lately to identify potential hazards?
Hazards can range from toxic weeds to tree limbs with wilted leaves that have fallen on the fence, to a leaning fence post to even ground hog holes. The following photos illustrate ground hog holes recently discovered in two different horse pastures. If a horse accidentally stepped into a hole such as this, injury could be very serious and possibly fatal.
Michigan State University Extension recommends walking your horse pastures periodically to identify hazards that could injure your horse. As illustrated in the pictures above, some hazards may not be easily seen from a distance. Therefore, it is imperative to be thorough and walk the whole pasture in a zigzag pattern. When making a walkthrough of the pasture, it is a good idea to document where the hazard is located in the pasture if you have to return to remove it. This could be done a variety of different ways but most notably by taking notes or marking it with colored tape or flags.
Did you find this article useful?


text:
Franco-Scottish alliance against England one of longest in history
12 Aug 2011
A University of Manchester historian has uncovered evidence which shows how a defensive alliance against England between Scotland and France might never have formally ended – potentially making it the longest in history.
In a paper to be published next year, Dr Siobhan Talbott argues the Franco-Scottish Auld Alliance of 1295 survived centuries of enmity and war between Britain and France – even after the Act of Union was signed in 1707. Trade, she says, is a major reason for its longevity.
The prevailing view of historians that Scotland sided with the English, moving away from her friendship with France after 1560, when the country converted to Protestantism, is also disputed by Dr Talbott.
J. Macpherson, published in Scottish Field in 1967, says Dr Talbott, showed that France refused to accept Westminster's abrogation of the Scottish side of the Auld Alliance in 1906, following the Entente Cordiale between Britain and France. By French law, a Scotsman born before 1907 still possesses the full rights and privileges of Franco-Scottish nationality.
The 716-year-old citizenship and trading privileges enjoyed by Scots in France, she suggests, are possibly intact today.
Dr Talbott said: "It's going to be difficult to prove conclusively that Auld Alliance of 1295 is the longest in history - but there is strong evidence to suggest that this could indeed be the case.
"If we accept 1906 as an 'end date', this would make the Auld Alliance 611 years old, compared to 638 years for what many regard as world's oldest alliance between England and Portugal.
"However, when Charles de Gaulle spoke in Edinburgh in June 1942, he stated that the Auld Alliance was 'the oldest alliance in the world'."
Previously, historians have argued the 1560 Treaty of Edinburgh, along with Scotland's conversion to Protestantism, ended the Auld Alliance between Scotland and France.
But not so according to Dr Talbott: some French troops remained in Scotland and there is no reference to ending the Alliance in the text.
Even during the eighteenth century – after the Act of Union was signed – Scotland and France continued to have an active and close relationship, based on the historic Auld Alliance.
Trade flourished between the two countries, even though France was Catholic and Scotland Protestant.
Scottish merchants paid less or no customs at some French ports, whereas some ports would not trade with the English at all.
The Scots exported a range of goods including coal, wool and animal skins to France.
And French exports included salt, wine, luxury cloth, musical instruments, furniture, beds and spectacles.
Despite some difficulties for Protestant Scots, there were well established communities in Bordeaux, Paris and La Rochelle throughout the seventeenth century.
Dr Talbott said: "It has been previously recognised that trade continued to take place between the two countries in the eighteenth century.
"But by examining merchants' records from the period, I can now say that it was much more extensive than realised, and that it continued despite conflict such as war which many historians have maintained prevented it.
She added: "Scots saw their country as an independent entity throughout the eighteenth century, even after the Union of the Scottish and English monarchies in 1603 and the Union of their parliaments in 1707 - and other European nations regarded them like that too.
"This might explain why Scots seem to have more of a notion of independence than the English, who appear to more readily see themselves as 'British' - and it will be interesting to see if the results of the 2011 Census and the proposed 2014 referendum on Scottish Independence reflects this."
Dr Talbott's research has been awarded the prestigious 2011 Pollard Prize by the Institute of Historical Research, University of London, for the best seminar given by a scholar within one year of completing their PhD.
Notes for editors
The paper by Dr Talbott will be published in the journal Historical Research and is entitled: 'If you were hier you could gaine what you please, for there is many English and severall Scots that you might deall with': British Commercial Interests on the French Atlantic Coast, c. _PHONE_'.
It will be published in the IHR's journal, Historical Research next year.
'Beyond 'the antiseptic realm of theoretical economic models': New Perspectives on Franco-Scottish Commerce and the Auld Alliance in the Long Seventeenth Century' is being published later this year in the Journal of Scottish Historical Research, 31:2 (November 2011). It won the Economic and Social History Society of Scotland's Research Essay Prize for 2009.
The research was carried out in national and regional archives of France, USA and UK.
Dr Talbott is available for interview
For media enquires contact:
Faculty of Humanities
The University of Manchester
0161 _PHONE_


text:
Planet Ark celebrated 21 years of National Tree Day and Schools Tree Day - Australia's largest community tree-planting and nature care event. Tree Day is an opportunity to do something positive for your local environment and community and to reconnect with nature.
And their importance for farm production and the environment
Biological soil crusts are a layer of living organisms growing on the surface of undisturbed soils – particularly in dry environments – that play a significant role in protecting and enhancing the local environment.
The WA Threatened Species Forum aims to address the decline of Australia' threatened species, by raising awareness of current and emerging challenges and opportunities for WA's unique native plants and animals.


text:
Skoda has announced the installation of a new processing line for plasma coating of cylinder liners at its Mladá Boleslav plant in the Czech Republic. The coating technology will initially be used on its latest Evo I3 engine, from the EA211 series, with a primary goal of friction reduction.
Christian Bleiel, head of component production at Skoda, noted, "The technically highly innovative plasma coating makes our EA211 TSI Evo engines even more efficient. It reduces friction losses and thus also fuel consumption. What's more, this type of coating also allows heat to be more evenly distributed within the cylinders and helps it to dissipate more efficiently, thus optimizing the thermal load. We produce the plasma-coated engines at Mladá Boleslav in three shifts and are installing them in the Fabia, Scala, Octavia, Kamiq and Karoq."
During the production process, the cylinders are first bored on the machining line. A 1,500W laser then abrades the cylinder bores to ensure that the plasma layer will optimally adhere to the surface. This involves the laser beam creating 10 grooves per millimeter, each measuring an average depth of 40μm. This production step takes place in a controlled atmosphere filled with nitrogen to keep the laser's optics free from contamination and to ensure the necessary level of accuracy.
A mixture of hydrogen and argon is used to create plasma gas, requiring 4.5 liters of hydrogen per minute during the process. The plasma reaches a temperature of 15,000°C, and is then mixed with various types of fine steel powder. This powder is made up of iron, carbon, silicon and manganese as well as other necessary elements. The individual powder grains measure no more than 50μm. When sprayed onto the cylinder walls, the molten powder forms a layer measuring approximately 250μm. During final processing, this layer is honed out, so that it measures just 150μm. To put all of this in perspective: the wall of a conventional cylinder liner is 4mm thick.
Each cylinder is automatically measured at several stages throughout the process to assess its quality. Optical measuring instruments first record the surface abraded by the laser, before a second measurement is taken once the plasma has been applied. Finally, the structure of the plasma layer is tested using turbulent flow.


text:
Here we present a sustainable, environment-friendly and energy-efficient approach for synthesis of porous tungsten carbide (WC). A biopolymer-metal oxide composite featuring iota-carrageenan, chitin and tungsten trioxide (WO3) was used as the precursor material. The reaction mechanism for the synthesis of WC was estimated using the results from X-ray diffraction characterization (XRD). A synthesis temperature of 1300 °C and dwell time of 3 h were found to be the optimum process parameters to obtain WC>98% pure. The grain size, porosity and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area of the synthesized WC were characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy, high resolution transmission electron microscopy and nitrogen adsorption-desorption. A mesoporous WC was synthesized here with a grain size around 20 nm and BET surface area of 67.03 m2/g. Gel casting was used to demonstrate the manufacturing capability of the proposed precursor material. The WC obtained after heat treatment preserved the original shape albeit significant shrinkage. The WC synthesized here has potential applications in high temperature filters, catalysis, fuel cells and batteries.
Please use the publisher's recommended citation. _URL_