Why Are My Rip Cuts Drifting on My Table Saw?
Table saws are power tools for many woodwork shop projects. However, they experience problems, and rip cuts drifting is one of the major issues you will deal with. Table saw drift is the tendency of the blade to veer to the right or left when making a cut with the rip fence.
This could be the blade straying off the cutting line or when the wood seems to be pulled away from the fence during the ripping process. So, if you're asking yourself: why are my rip cuts drifting on my table saw?, keep on reading.
Why Are My Rip Cuts Drifting on My Table Saw?
Rip cuts drifting on a table saw is a common problem that many woodwork experts experience. Your rip cuts are drifting on your table saw when the blade is slightly damaged, you're using cheap blades, the blade does not track to the center of the tires or guides are not properly adjusted.
Rip cut drifting can also occur when your saw is not properly set up or does not have a high-quality and sharp table saw blade that is correctly installed and tensioned. As a result, the chances of adjusting for drift are very minimal.
Since all contractor table saws and blades differ in their setup, you must ensure that you follow the manufacturer's specifications and instructions to correct the drifting.
Man checking his table saw blades
Rip cuts drifting on table saws is a common phenomenon that most wood work enthusiasts deal with. The amount of drifting on your table saw will vary from very minor to very bad.
However, most table saws will exhibit rip cut drifting to some magnitude. Blade drifting usually occurs when the operator is using a rip fence.
How to Eliminate Rip Cuts Drifting
Rip cut drifting may occur to the right or to the left and should be eliminated because it will affect the quality of your cuts. If the rip cut drifting is to the right, you can adjust the blade marginally forward or towards you on the upper wheel. If the drift occurs to the left, then you should adjust your blade slightly towards the back of your upper wheel.
Making these minor adjustments will tweak your blade slightly and this can help to steer it and compensate for the drift. This is an easy and fast method of preventing rip cut drifting and is worth a try. Without rip cuts drifting, you are assured of premium quality cuts that will enhance the outcome of your woodwork project.
Why You Should Prevent Rip Cuts Drifting
Attaining rip cuts involves sliding a board across the face of your saw while still touching the rip fence to help with the direction of the blade. If the board drifts away from your table saw rip fence, the cut will be crooked and you may even experience kickback.
Man trying to determine why are his rip cuts drifting on his table saw
Kickback usually happens when the rotating blade of the saw seizes a part of the wood being cut, lifts it up, and then throws it at a very high speed. Kickback is extremely dangerous since the blade is spinning towards you and the wood that is flung in your direction may result in a serious injury.
Furthermore, your hands may also be thrown to the blade, leaving you with minor cuts or causing you to lose your fingers to the blade. Kickback also occurs during rip cuts and can cause harm to the operator or others in the woodwork shop.
Preventing Kickback
You can prevent kickback by using the right safety technique and equipment. For example, you can use a riving knife as a physical barrier to prevent the wood pieces from drifting to the back teeth found on the spiraling blade. You can also use a push stick or push block coupled with a method known as three points pressure.
Apart from protecting you, the three pressure points system will also offer a better cut. By maintaining the three pressure points, you will be assured of less drifting, straight cuts and kickback risks will be minimized. The secret is to ensure the woodwork materials move smoothly through the saw's cut path without allowing any drifting on the blade.
Man using a safety tool to cut his wood on a table saw
Related Questions
Let's tackle two more questions before we wrap up this article.
What are Table Saw Rip Cuts?
These are cuts that are made lengthwise and usually parallel to the wood grain's direction. For instance, when installing floor planks, window, or door frames, you may need to shave off about a half-inch from the board's length, or you may have a sheet of plywood that requires cutting lengthwise to fit a subfloor installation layout.
What is the Three Points of Pressure Technique?
The three pressure points technique is a method of applying pressure forward to the blade, downwards, and inwards towards the fence. When running wood pieces through your saw, the three pressure points must be applied to prevent kickback and guarantee little or no rip cuts drifting.
A table saw is one of the best tools to use when rip cutting. However, for safe cutting, you must make adjustments on your saw or use safety equipment to prevent rip cuts from drifting. This should be part of your routine maintenance to ensure you get straight cuts and prevent any hazards like kickbacks.


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New research analyses maternal breastfeeding in Spain throughout the second half of the twentieth century. Experts believe that its development is associated with socio-demographic factors such as the advice of healthcare professionals, longer maternity leave, a woman's integration into the workplace and her level of education.
"Up until not long ago, maternal breastfeeding was vital for infant survival but things have changed in the second half of the twentieth century. This is mainly due to the arrival of artificial lactation," explains Juan Ramn Ordomaa, researcher at the University of Murcia, Spain and lead author of the study.
Published in the Journal of Human Lactation, the study analyses how maternal breastfeeding rates have evolved in the region of Murcia and, indeed, the rest of Spain, in recent decades and whether women who had children in the 1960's behaved in the same way as those who had children in the 1980's or 1990's.
The average time that a mother breastfeeds has changed over the studied period. Ordoana confirms that "what our results show is a U-shaped graph. Women breastfed for longer periods of time in the 1960's (61.3% for longer than six months) and 1990's (29% also for longer than six months) whereas the shortest periods occurred in the 1970's and 1980's (14.4% and 19.2% respectively).
Researchers studied 666 women who had been first time mothers from a period starting in the 1960's and ending in the 1990's. As well as gathering information on the child's diet, experts collected socio-demographic data with particular focus on the mother's educational attainment.
Ordoana outlines that "the effect of greater educational attainment on the duration of the breastfeeding period is not always the same and it very much depends on social context."
As such, women with medium and high educational attainment displayed drastically shorter breastfeeding periods at the beginning of the 1970
|Contact: Juan Ramn Ordoana Martn |
FECYT - Spanish Foundation for Science and Technology

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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The Train Station
The building of the railroad that ran through Pocantico Hills began in _PHONE_. The railroad, planned as a direct route from New York City to Montreal, was completed only as far as Carmel, New York.
Originally the railroad crossed a swampy area which is now the larger of the two Tarrytown water supply lakes. It stretched over a large trestle that held it high above the swampland. The trestle began at East View and lowered to the ground to go through the Pocantico Hills Rock Cut which is now closed to the public because of falling rocks.
The train station was built where the Tarrytown skating shed now stands. Pocantico Hills became a thriving business community because of the railroad. It consisted of two livery stables, two grocery stores, a butcher shop, two apartment houses, a post office and two hotels.
Mr. Rockefeller found the presence of the train objectionable. Bothered by the noise and dirt, he had to wear goggles while playing golf. Eventually, Mr. Rockefeller Jr. paid to have the railroad moved to Briarcliff so he would not suffer. Many people sold their houses to him so that the railroad could be relocated.
This marked the end of the railroad's running through Pocantico Hills. It took twenty-five years and five million dollars for Mr. Rockefeller to achieve his goal.
By Regina Bergen
Train Station Constructed By:
Back to the Past


The Stacks project
Lemma 49.9.7. Let $f : Y \to X$ be a flat quasi-finite morphism of Noetherian schemes. Let $R \subset Y$ be the closed subscheme defined by $\mathfrak {D}_ f$.
 1. If $\omega _{Y/X}$ is invertible, then $R$ is a locally principal closed subscheme of $Y$.
 2. If $\omega _{Y/X}$ is invertible and $f$ is finite, then the norm of $R$ is the discriminant $D_ f$ of $f$.
 3. If $\omega _{Y/X}$ is invertible and $f$ is étale at the associated points of $Y$, then $R$ is an effective Cartier divisor and there is an isomorphism $\mathcal{O}_ Y(R) = \omega _{Y/X}$.
Proof. Proof of (1). We may work locally on $Y$, hence we may assume $\omega _{Y/X}$ is free of rank $1$. Say $\omega _{Y/X} = \mathcal{O}_ Y\lambda $. Then we can write $\tau _{Y/X} = h \lambda $ and then we see that $R$ is defined by $h$, i.e., $R$ is locally principal.
Proof of (2). We may assume $Y \to X$ is given by a finite free ring map $A \to B$ and that $\omega _{B/A}$ is free of rank $1$ as $B$-module. Choose a $B$-basis element $\lambda $ for $\omega _{B/A}$ and write $\text{Trace}_{B/A} = b \cdot \lambda $ for some $b \in B$. Then $\mathfrak {D}_{B/A} = (b)$ and $D_ f$ is cut out by $\det (\text{Trace}_{B/A}(b_ ib_ j))$ where $b_1, \ldots , b_ n$ is a basis of $B$ as an $A$-module. Let $b_1^\vee , \ldots , b_ n^\vee $ be the dual basis. Writing $b_ i^\vee = c_ i \cdot \lambda $ we see that $c_1, \ldots , c_ n$ is a basis of $B$ as well. Hence with $c_ i = \sum a_{il}b_ l$ we see that $\det (a_{il})$ is a unit in $A$. Clearly, $b \cdot b_ i^\vee = c_ i \cdot \text{Trace}_{B/A}$ hence we conclude from the computation in the proof of Lemma 49.9.5 that $\text{Norm}_{B/A}(b)$ is a unit times $\det (\text{Trace}_{B/A}(b_ ib_ j))$.
Proof of (3). In the notation above we see from Lemma 49.9.6 and the assumption that $h$ does not vanish in the associated points of $Y$, which implies that $h$ is a nonzerodivisor. The canonical isomorphism sends $1$ to $\tau _{Y/X}$, see Divisors, Lemma 31.14.10. $\square$
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Naming the 'harshest sound in the world' seems like it would be a subjective matter, but scientists say they have pinpointed the sound that qualifies for the moniker.
Perhaps for you it is nails on a chalkboard, or maybe the snap of bubblegum, or even the sound of a particular person's voice.
Naming the "harshest sound in the world" seems like it would be a subjective matter, but scientists say they have pinpointed the sound that qualifies for the moniker.
According to a research study by a team at the University of Newcastle, the harshest sound in the world is a knife against glass.
The team examined brain activity in a group of volunteers, who listened to 74 recorded sounds under an MRI machine and ranked each experience, according to ABC News. The 13 subjects found the sound of a fork against glass to be the second worst sound.
The group found that sounds with frequencies of 2000-5000 Hz were the most disagreeable.
The MRI scans showed that these sounds increased blood flow in the brain's auditory cortex, which processes sounds, as well as triggers the amygdala, a primitive part of the brain that processes our emotional responses, according to MSN.
While it's hard to imagine a study like this ever having a purpose beyond finding a better torture technique, Tim Griffiths, the study's co-author, said, "The new finding in this study is to precisely define the loop between the auditory cortex and the amygdala."
In the mood for a bit of masochism? Take a listen to what scientists say is the harshest sound on Earth.


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Volume 12 Supplement 1
Breast cancer knowledge among women with learning disabilities and their experiences of breast mammography
© BioMed Central Ltd. 2010
Published: 18 May 2010
As the life expectancy of people with learning disabilities rises, so too do cancer prevalence rates in people with learning disabilities. Despite the efforts of government policies to ensure equal access to improve health screening, the uptake for breast mammography within this population still remains lower than that of the general population. The purpose of this study was to ascertain the knowledge of breast cancer among women with a learning disability and to explore their experiences of breast mammography.
A qualitative approach using four focus groups with women with learning disabilities was employed, and a semi-structured interview schedule aided the process.
Associated risks, preventative factors and signs and symptoms of breast cancer were extremely limited with their sources of knowledge primarily coming from carers or nursing staff. Positive attitudes towards breast mammography were reported; however, these women also described negative feelings of fear and anxiety, attributed to a lack of understanding about the screening process. Emotional support and information were seen to reduce negative feelings. A lack of information and embarrassment were identified as the main barriers to screening. Ongoing support from others such as family members and carers, accessible information and health promotion and education were considered to be main solutions for encouraging attendance for breast mammography.
This study highlights the need for health promotion and education for women with a learning disability, their family carers and staff working with this target group in order to enhance the knowledge and awareness of breast cancer and screening. This not only will aid in reducing the adverse affects of breast mammography but will ensure that informed decisions about breast screening are made. More accessible multiformat information for women with a learning disability is essential in order to facilitate health promotion and education.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


COVID-19 does not affect our translation services.
How Close Is Spanish To Portuguese?
How Close Is Spanish To Portuguese?
Spanish To Portuguese translation
The Origin of the Romance Languages:
Most of the popular European languages of today originated from Latin. It was during the Roman Empire that the Latin language became popular in the Iberian Peninsula. The Latin of that time was divided into two varieties: Classical Latin and Vulgar Latin. The latter was the one used by the common people. After the fall of the Roman Empire, Vulgar Latin came into contact with regional vernaculars and gave birth to French, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, Romanian, and Sardinian.
Even the less popular languages spoken in Europe today have Latin roots. All of these European languages spread to different parts of the world due to colonization, which is why they have different varieties today. For instance, there is European Portuguese which is spoken in Portugal and Brazilian Portuguese. The Spanish language which is spoken in Spain is not the same as the Latin American Spanish.
Vulgar Latin was so powerful that even languages like English that aren't directly related to it have been influenced by it. This proves that even a dead language can continue to live in some form.
The Portuguese Language:
Portuguese is a Romance language that evolved from a dialect of Vulgar Latin in the Iberian Peninsula. Most people know of it as the official language of Portugal, but it is also the sole officially recognized language in Brazil. In the latter country, it is known as the Brazilian Portuguese. The Portuguese language is also spoken in Africa and Asia. It is one of the world's most spoken vernaculars. Although Latin America is the home of the Spanish language and culture, Portuguese is the second most spoken language in the region. A speaker of this vernacular is called Lusophone.
The Spanish Language:
This is another European language that originated in the Iberian Peninsula from Vulgar Latin. Spanish is the official language of more than twenty countries today. It was the Spaniards' colonization of the Americas that resulted in the widespread use of this language. It is spoken in Latin and South America as well as Europe. Today, it is the world's second most spoken native language after Mandarin. It belongs to the Ibero Romance language family.
It is the second most spoken language in the United States. English is a foreign language for the US citizens who are native speakers of Spanish. These are often Mexican or Cuban immigrants.
The Connection Between the Romance Languages:
Although all the Romance languages originated from Vulgar Latin, they are not mutually intelligible. Vulgar Latin had various dialects. The various European vernaculars originated from different dialects, which is why they are not mutually intelligible. However, despite not being mutually intelligible, these vernaculars share a few similarities with each other. They also share a few features with English due to the popularity of the latter.
In order to learn about the lexical similarity between Italian, French, Portuguese, Spanish, and Romanian, it is important to remember that they have different varieties. Even if there is one language spoken in a country, it will have different dialects. But Spanish, Portuguese, and French are also spoken in different countries, which is why they have become different in a lot of ways. A native speaker of Rio De Janeiro will be able to communicate with someone from Portugal, but they might not be able to understand slang words.
Origin of the Romance Languages
How Close is Spanish to Portuguese?
Spanish and Portuguese are the most popular daughter languages of Vulgar Latin. European colonialism took them to different parts of the world. If you compare Brazilian Portuguese to European Portuguese, you will find plenty of differences. But what about the languages of Portugal and Spain? How close are they to each other?
Interestingly, they share a lot of similarities in their written form. They written varieties are mutually intelligible to a certain extent. But it is in the meanings of words and the pronunciation that the differences lie.
Several cognates in the two vernaculars differ in meaning, which is why they are called false friends.
The usage of verbs is also different in the two languages. A common example is the frequent usage of the reflexive verbs in Spanish. Also, in Spanish, a perfect tense is constructed with an auxiliary verb.
Vowel reduction is apparent in Brazilian Portuguese. It is a feature that not only separates it from European Portuguese, but also from Spanish.
Portuguese originated from Medieval Galician, which is why it belongs to the Galician-Portuguese group. Spanish, on the other hand, belongs to the Castilian languages group of the West Iberian branch. However, it is important to remember that both vernaculars belong to the Indo European family.
Muslims ruled Spain for a long time, which is why the influence of Arabic on European Spanish is clear. But Portuguese lack this influence, which has made it closer to other European vernaculars like German, French, Italian, and English.
Both of these vernaculars have taken plenty of loanwords from English, which is why they have a few common words.
The Spanish Language facts
Is Spanish and Portuguese the same Language?
Whether it is due to their English loanwords or false friends, many people think that Portuguese and Spanish are the same. In truth, they are very different. Even their varieties like Chilean Spanish and European Portuguese have many differences. Portuguese, which originated from Medieval Galician, shares a few similarities with Catalan, which is the second most popular language of Spain. But none of these European vernaculars are mutually intelligible, which proves that they are different languages.
So, if you hire a Spanish to Portuguese translator, make sure they are a native speaker of the latter so they can provide you with accurate translations.
Do Spanish people understand Portuguese?
The English of America and Britain are not the same, but their speakers can still understand each other because the varieties are mutually intelligible. However, when it comes to Spanish and Portuguese, the situation is different because they are not the same language. They do have some lexical similarity but they are different in many ways. Someone from Uruguay or Argentina cannot communicate with a Brazilian. However, similarities do help with language learning. So, a speaker of Castilian Spanish can learn Portuguese quicker than someone who doesn't know a Romance language.
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Image pictured above, the Making it Work study logo, was designed by Clayton Gauthier.
Making It Work is an Indigenous focused community-based research study focused on integrated community services for people living with HIV, hepatitis C, and/or challenges with mental health or substance use. It is co-led by the Pacific AIDS Network and the AHA Centre, at CAAN. From a methodological perspective, Making It Work seeks to bridge Indigenous ways of knowing and doing and Indigenous research methodologies with Western academic RealistEvaluation methodology. The team has had many discussions about what this would look like and how it would work, and continue to do so. We envision our work as a kind of spiral, where everything we learn feeds into the next questions we seek to ask, and the information we glean from those questions then feeds into further questions, and so on. In addition to the three primary goals of the project, we are actively working to document what this methodological approach looks like and how we are building it as the project goes forward.
Initiative Objectives and Goals
We have three primary goals: to develop and implement an evidence-based evaluation plan for case management and community development programs across BC; to support capacity building in community-based research and evaluation methods for Peer Researchers, communities, and other stakeholders; and to highlight how Indigenous service delivery models can inform services for Indigenous and non-Indigenous people accessing services.
The Role of this Initiative to End the HIV Epidemic
Making It Work explores the relationship between improved outcomes and cultural safety, case management and community development by developing an understanding of how service providers adapt case management and programming to "make them work" in ways that are culturally safe for the people they serve.
Meaningful Engagement with People with Lived Experience
The process was collaborative and inclusive. The communities in which the research took place were full partners in all stages of the process. Community-based research seeks to democratize knowledge by recognizing and valuing the unique strengths and perspectives of all members involved in the research process.
Service providers, peer evaluators, service users, communities and other stakeholders
The importance of dialogue and spending time to discuss things from different perspectives has been evident in integrating Realist Evaluation into our project. This process has been one of capacity bridging between members of our research team with different life experience, and between Indigenous and non-Indigenous team members. Having people come together with different knowledge and world views and spending the time to develop our research methods using 'both eyes', or ways of seeing—without one eye being dominant over the other—has allowed us a wealth of information to build into our understanding. Part of coming together as a team with different experiences and knowledge has meant we have needed to be clear with our language and had to define concepts well. We have done this in team discussion sand have made a "key definitions" document to help guide our work.
Related knowledge transfer and exchange(KTE) products and resources are available on the PAN site.


The motivation behind the world's fastest electric ice cream van
What motivates an inventor and entrepreneur to design the world's fastest ice cream van? Edd China, a British inventor and TV presenter from Surrey, has broken the Guinness World Record by creating an ice-cream that clocked up speeds of 73.921 mph. Although he doesn't sell ice-cream for a living, he is on a mission to decrease carbon emissions and demonstrate that businesses aren't negatively impacted by embracing electric vehicle technology.
This is Edd's seventh Guinness World Record title centred around speedy motorised vehicles, but the project was never about just breaking records. After Edd discovered that ice cream vans were being banned in some London boroughs due to their harmful emissions, he decided to create a special engine conversion kit that can run on electricity rather than diesel. He hopes to roll it out as a business, and in doing so, to future-proof ice cream vans as a key part of the British summer.
The van originally ran on a Mercedes Sprinter diesel engine. After two years of modifications the record was broken at Elvington Airfield in Yorkshire with a speed which would have warranted a speeding ticket on a motorway.
What's next for the inventor? He has his sights set on breaking the record for the fastest motorized shopping trolley currently held at 70.4 mph and to make it street legal.
Other notable records involving automobiles include:
The longest journey by a coffee-powered car
In 2010, a Volkswagon Scirocco was driven 337 km from London to Manchester powered by coffee. The modified car works by heating coffee granules in a charcoal fire, which break down into carbon monoxide and hydrogen. 'Car-puccino' can reportedly reach 60 mph and achieved 1 mile per 56 espressos. The process works because coffee granules contain a small amount of carbon.
The fastest police car in service
To help them keep up with rich businessmen in their speeding sports cars, police in Dubai decided to invest in one of the most powerful production cars on the planet: a Bugatti Veyron. With a blistering top speed of 253 mph and a US$1.6 million price tag, the Dubai police parked the Veyron alongside a Lamborghini Aventador that they already owned. The Veyron, however, was renowned in 2016 as the second fastest street-legal car in the world, only pipped by the 301 mph Hennessey Venom GT.
Guinness World Records 2021 book has just been released.


From Wikiversity
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U+269B.svg Subject classification: this is a science resource.
Purpose[edit source]
The main purpose of project boxes is organisational.
 1. Project boxes help categorise educational resources on Wikiversity into the most important categories by which Wikiversity is organised.
 2. It's better to categorise by template than by manual category tagging because this allows parser functions to be inserted at a later date which can retrospectively divide 1000's of pages into sub-categories when the main category has got too large. Programmers and scriptwriters can also retrospectively change category names, add extra categories or run other advanced organisational operations on resources as a group. In short: you do a great favour to Wikiversity if major categorisation is by template (project box), not by manual category tagging.
 3. The words, links, colours and icons are all of secondary importance and can be overridden.
 4. The words, links, colours and icons are attractive, fun and useful. They serve the purpose of encouraging many users to use project boxes. Of course, not everyone will like them. But many will. Many people who never categorise their resources will be attracted to project boxes because of their appearance. It is unlikely that most people will be attracted by the organisational function - they will place appearance first. But attracting people to project boxes ultimately serves the purpose of better organising Wikiversity.
Why does Wikiversity need this extra layer of organisation?
 1. Most other Wikimedia projects only have one type of resource per project. Wikiversity has a large and indefinite number of resource types. In other words, Wikiversity content is inherently more complex and therefore needs more organisation.
 2. Small wikis need low-maintenance solutions. Project boxes are a low-maintenance organisational solution.
 3. Metadata: this is about sharing catalogues of resources with other educational websites. Promotion of open educational resources largely occurs through metadata sharing. The project boxes project is largely framed around the common metadata schemes and will allow for future MediaWiki extensions to quickly build metadata catalogues.
Usage and customisation[edit source]
You can use all project boxes without any additional configuration at all. Normally they just work by inserting their name into the page code between curly brackets - like this:
However you can do more than this if you wish by specifying additional parameters.
List of parameters[edit source]
Only valid when this template is fully developed.
 - text: specify an alternative text (overrides the default text).
 - add: specify text to append to the end of the default text.
 - theme: value 0 to 14; specifies an alternative colour scheme.
 - icon: specify an alternative icon; just give it the image name.
 - style: currently inactive; will enable the template to adopt different styles.
 - visible: currently inactive; will enable a user to toggle the template between categorise-only (invisible) or category+box (visible) modes.
Default wording[edit source]
By their nature, project boxes have to be economical with words. The use of few words means that ambiguities, unintended interpretations and other unpleasant things may emerge in the course of time, or the choice of words may unwittingly reflect a particular point of view. Further, many of the original project boxes were created rapidly in large numbers, with little reflection or discussion of the wording. If you wish to suggest alternative default wording, you can use the talk pages for this purpose. It may be better to use the talk page of the corresponding help page for this purpose. When suggesting an alternative default wording:
 - consider how many users chose to use the template in its current form;
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 - take into account the option for each user to override the defaults when transcluding;
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 - consider the need to avoid template clutter.
Project box controversy and the deletion of this template[edit source]
Project boxes derive from user boxes. User boxes can be controversial and are often proposed for deletion (e.g. w:Wikipedia:Deletion review/Userbox debates/Archived). Reasons include problems with default wording (see above) as well as a wider feeling that user boxes are a pointless and distracting fad.
Before proposing this template for deletion:
 - please remember that Wikiversity project boxes have a different purpose from user boxes - they serve an essential organisational function as regards the content of Wikiversity;
 - as a last resort, an alternative is to render the project box invisible by default - i.e. preserve its categorisation function.
List of project box help pages[edit source]
The following pages contain galleries of project boxes, together with the codes for inserting them into pages and other helpful information.


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Go to website
Frequently asked questions
Files formats (master, slave and backup)
Master file The master file can be freely modified, it is not encrypted. It contains all the data constituting the engine mapping. Slave file The slave file cannot be freely modified. It can only be processed by the master to which the slave tool is linked. The slave file is a file in.zip format that contains the same information as the backup file but also the data constituting the engine mapping. The information it contains is encrypted and intended to be modified by a master.
Bosch ECUs password reading
Some Bosch ECUs are protected by a password. When you perform a read, Autotuner automatically takes care of reading the password and then reads the data from the ECU. For Bosch ECUs with password, it is not necessary to proceed in two steps, Autotuner takes care of everything.
Tool serial number (ID)
To find the ID of your tool: start the software, click on the menu button. The serial number is here:
How-to decrypt slave files
If you have master tool and there are slave tools linked to your master, you may have to encrypt and decrypt files. There are 3 solutions : 1. Managing slave files with the master tool with your tool connected to your computer in USB Connect the Autotuner master tool to the USB port of your computer Launch your Autotuner software Click on "Manage Slave Files" The software monitors the "Autotuner slave files" folder located in your computer and displays all the files avail
Manually update vehicles list
The list of vehicles is automatically updated each time the application is started. Nevertheless, in order to manually update the list of the compatible vehicles, you can click on the "menu" button and then "update ecu list".
Meaning of the LEDs
Power (white) It indicates the presence of 12V output. When flashing, it means that the ECU is powered. Be extremely careful when the ECU is powered because there is a risk of short circuit with a metal object. Status (blue) It flashes to indicate that the interface is working properly. If it does not flash, it is recommended to unplug and restart the interface. USB activity (orange) It flashes when data is transferred via USB.
All the vehicles compatible with Autotuner are listed at the following address: Compatibility List
Meaning of the buttons
When you have selected a vehicle, the interface displays the operations window. Different buttons are present on this window, here are their meaning: Choose another ECU Back to the vehicle selection Identify The tool checks the communication with the connected ECU and displays the references of it. Help Access to the help interface : step-by-step instructions and ECU/OBD locations. Write Tuned file or backup: Select a file on your computer and then write it to the ECU
Use precautions - Safety
Use of Autotuner tool and its accessories implies the respect of basic safety precautions in order to reduce the risk of fire, electric shock and injury, including the following: : Avoid exposing the display to direct sunlight for long periods of time. Do not allow liquid, small particles or other foreign objects to get into the tool or accessories. Do not insert foreign objects into the connectors of the tool. The tool can not be brought into contact with water or any other fluid sour
To access the list, click on "Select a vehicle" All the vehicles compatible with Autotuner tool are represented in lists. Compatible brands Models available for the selected brand Available engines for the selected model (sorted by fuel type) Reading method available for the selected engine For advanced users, a search function is available in the upper right corner of the window. This allows you to search and then select an ECU or a specific vehicle.
Virtual Read vs Normal Read
What's a virtual read? Virtual read Some ECUs cannot be directly read. This feature is simply not implemented by the manufacturer because he never needs to read the content of the car's ECU, only flash it for updates. So, the virtual read is the only way to read the ECU data. The virtual read file is an original file that corresponds to the software number of the ECU actually installed in the car. Virtual read is fast, the file is instantly downloaded from the server in a couple of seco
Difference between master and slave tool
What's the difference between master and slave tool? Master tool With a master tool you get non encrypted files so you can modify the files by yourself or send it to any tuning files provider. Any editing software that supports binary file can be used to modify a file read with Autotuner. Slave tool With a slave tool you read and write crypted files. These files can only be modified by a specific maste


Philips Avent uGrow
Philips DesignNetherlands
Production / Professional
Philips Design Team
uGrow is a Digital Parenting Platform that provides expert support and personalized advice to support baby's healthy development.
There is a paradigm shift in parenting. Parents are increasingly connected and millennials seek new routes for advice, with 75% of new parents turning to their mobile first for advice. uGrow enlightens them on some of the challenges of parenting, making sense of data to give their baby a voice.
uGrow explained:
Designed to provide expert support throughout the parenting journey, uGrow is a mobile app, connected to devices and services that combine into a complete digital platform to provide unique, personalized insights into baby's development and milestones.
A medically certified (class 1) digital service, it guides and supports parents with information and insights based on their baby's needs and behaviors. These are discerned through an ecosystem of uGrow connected products and devices.
- uGrow understands: Data is captured through trackers and connected devices
- uGrow reassures: Based on the unique data of the baby parents receive meaningful insights and relevant content matching the age and context of their child.
- uGrow celebrates: Memorable moments can be captured through photos and milestone stickers which are saved on a central timeline.
- uGrow remembers: To identify feeding and sleeping patterns and correlations parents can consult graphs and spot possible problem areas or share these with their pediatrician or midwife.
- uGrow is built onto the Philips Health Suite Digital Platform (HSDP) providing absolutely secure and medically certified data storage for all baby's data.
How it was developed:
- Design working in a close collaboration with the development team, co-located at least 2-3 days a week
- Design work according to the SAFe method (Scaled AGILE framework). Design actively engage on product ownership, supporting prioritization and working in sprints.
- Design initiated the concept of super sprint to address market and user feedback
- Continual testing: usability testing, home placement tests, iterative feedback loops. Closed BETA to open BETA launch structure.
- Design own UX runway, prototyping key features to support value stream.
This makes the design innovative and unique:
- uGrow is Human: Babies are much more than a set of data points. We track & visualize and provide insights on your baby in a way that is relevant & easy to understand.
- uGrow is Relevant: Content is offered and triggered related to parent / baby behaviors as well as age and stage of development. We keep it simple and contextually relevant, avoiding that parents get lost in complex and deep screen structures.
- uGrow is Meaningful: We know that parents love to collect milestones, but that its tricky to organize. uGrow automatically captures key milestones and the UX supports parents to capture their own with photos and stickers, with a unique timeline that automatically generates a memory.
© 2012 - 2021 Interaction Design Association


text:
STCU News and Announcements
The Georgian Radiation Regulatory Authority (LEPL Agency of Nuclear and Radiation Safety) receives European Union-Funded Mobile Laboratory352/469
19 Jan 2021
In December 2020, STCU procured and supplied a mobile laboratory (~ˆ900K) in the framework of the EU-funded project "Strengthening the Preparedness for Nuclear Emergencies of the Agency of Nuclear and Radiation Safety of Georgia (ANRS): Delivery of the Mobile Laboratory -G 4.01/19B".
This mobile laboratory can be used to determine the propagation and impact of radioactive plumes caused by nuclear or radiation events.
The mobile laboratory is based on the Mercedes-Benz high-capacity off-road minibus and is designed to accommodate three experts. The mobile laboratory is equipped with a positive pressure ventilation system, ensuring safe operation for specialists in a polluted environment. In addition to the mobile lab, a trailer was provided to transport the required cargo, equipment, and containers.
The mobile laboratory was equipped with all necessary equipment for on-site radiological measurements and assessment. With the equipment installed in the mobile laboratory, it is possible to take samples of water, soil, and air and study and analyze alpha, beta, gamma, and neutron radiation (including gamma and alpha spectrometry) in the field, whilst still achieving high, laboratory-grade precision readings. The laboratory operates with software used to estimate the spread of radiation-contaminated clouds or air masses whilst taking into consideration the surrounding terrain.
The specific training in the effective operation of the mobile laboratory was contracted along with the equipment supply. The training was conducted upon the equipment delivery and covered the following subjects:
- Safety requirements pertaining to the laboratory operation;
- Technical requirements for the operation of the equipment installed in the laboratory;
- Gamma spectroscopy and spectral analysis pertaining to the equipment installed in the laboratory.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
(28 February 2017) STAT!Ref has an online study tool for board certification called BoardVitals. BoardVitals brings together content from major publishers, universities, and top healthcare professionals into a single platform, creating the largest training ecosystem in health and medicine.
This powerful and affordable board review tool doesn't just provide a question bank, it is a comprehensive learning management system with many value-added features. Learn more below about this online resource and how it works.
- Thousands of high quality board review questions from leading medical publishers, research institutions and practicing clinicians
- Detailed explanations with every question
- Review all topics or create customized practice exams, based on number of questions, subjects and more
- Constantly evolving cloud-based system that updates every 24 to 48 hours based on changes and feedback
- Advanced statistics so users can know where their strengths and weaknesses are, with suggested questions based on their performance
- Administrators can monitor usage and performance to serve as a proactive remediation tool and data collection resource
- Send customized exams to residents or utilize questions in weekly review sessions
- 24/7 access from phone, tablet or computer
- Also available: MOC Question Banks and CME Redemption
The announcement is here.


text: Many studies show a relationship between milk intake and conception. A team of researchers in the United States and Finland report that in areas where milk consumption is highest, women tend to experience the sharpest age-related falloff in infertility. Milk has also been linked to menstrual cycle irregularities, early menopause, pre-menstrual syndrome, and recurrent vaginal yeast infections. Galactose, a sugar found only in milk, is harmful to ovarian function and to the developing, unfertilized egg. Some doctors also recommend avoiding all soft cheese products because the production process doesn't involve pasteurization. This results in the presence of the bacteria lysteria, which can cause miscarriage.


text:
The Open Data platform for transport
This API is best for developers who need access to public transport data in Sweden.
A developer would use this API to access real-time data, historical data, route planning, station information, and traffic disruptions for public transport in Sweden. This can be used to create trip planning applications, display real-time transport information to users, or analyze transport data for research purposes.
- Real-time data
- Historical data
- Route planning
- Station information
- Traffic disruptions
Potential use cases
- Real-time transport app: Use the Trafiklab API to create a mobile application that displays real-time transport information to users in Sweden.
- Research analysis: Use the historical data provided by the Trafiklab API to analyze public transport trends in different regions of Sweden.
- Route optimization: Use the route planning feature of the Trafiklab API to optimize transportation routes for businesses in Sweden.
- ResRobot API
- SL API


WANON BRIDGE (สะพานวานร)
Text & photographs by Tricky Vandenberg - November 2009
Updated June 2019
Saphan Wanon or the Monkey Bridge and sometimes called Thep Mi Bridge is an old
bridge located on the city island in the southern part of Ayutthaya in Pratu Chai Subdistrict. The bridge is situated behind the
Ayutthaya Historical Study Center. Wat Am
Mae (vanished) stood before in its vicinity (south).
The brick bridge was built over
Khlong Pratu Thep Mi, which connected the old
Lopburi River (later Khlong Mueang or City Canal) in the north with the Chao Phraya
in the south at Pratu Thep Mi. The northern part of the canal was called by the
Lam Khu Pak Sra and cut through the Bueng Phra Ram area. Khlong Pratu Thep
Mi was partly filled in after the fall of Ayutthaya in 1767 and is as thus at present
The foundations of the Wanon Bridge are still visible. The brick bridge in European style
was probably identical to
Saphan Pa Than. It was an arched construction with three
sharply curved bows, the middle one higher and wider than the two others, making it
possible for boats to pass underneath.
The Wanon Bridge is mentioned in the old texts of the
Kamhaikhan Khun Luang Ha
, the Kamhaikhan Khun Luang Wat Pradu Songtham and the Athibai phaen
thi phra nakhon si ayutthaya
from Phraya Boran Rachathanin wherein is written that
there was "
a brick bridge called Monkey Bridge, from Great Khaek Village Road
to Net Village Road across the Thetsami Gate Canal …
" [1][2]
The Wanon Bridge connected west towards the
White Clay Bridge (also called Sing
Bridge) over
Khlong Chakrai Noi and east towards the Talat Jin Bridge over Khlong
Pratu Jin.
Some remnants of the Wanon Bridge were still visible until the Year of the Great Flood
(2011). In the years after, there was a large overhaul of all the monastic ruins in and
around the City of Ayutthaya. The old structure was unfortunately not preserved and a
completely new bridge was constructed in situ. The bridge is situated in geographical
coordinates: 14° 20' 55.01" N, 100° 33' 57.68" E.
[1] Phanna phumisathan phranakhon si ayutthaya: ekkasan jak ho luang [Geographical
description of Ayutthaya: Documents from the palace]. Edited by Winai Pongsripian.
Bangkok: Usakane, n. d. [2007].
[2] Athibai phaen thi phra nakhon si ayutthaya - Explanation of the map of the Capital
of Ayutthaya with a ruling of Phraya Boran Rachathanin - Revised 2nd edition and
Geography of the Ayutthaya Kingdom - Ton Chabab print office - Nonthaburi (2007).
Wanon Bridge from the south
Wanon Bridge from the north
Wanon Bridge from the east
(Wanon Bridge from the south - 2009)
(Wanon Bridge from the east - 2009)
(Wanon Bridge from the north - 2009)
(Restored Wanon Bridge - 2019)
(Restored Wanon Bridge - 2019)
(Restored Wanon Bridge - 2019)
(The Wanon Bridge on Vingboon's map which was published in 1665)


The location and mechanism of electromotility in guinea pig outer hair cells
R. Hallworth, B. N. Evans, P. Dallos*
*Corresponding author for this work
Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review
48 Scopus citations
Abstract
1. The microchamber method was used to examine the motile responses of isolated guinea pig outer hair cells to electrical stimulation. In the microchamber method, an isolated cell is drawn partway into a suction pipette and stimulated transcellularly. The relative position of the cell in the microchamber is referred to as the exclusion fraction. 2. The length changes of the included and excluded segments were compared for constant sinusoidal stimulus amplitude as functions of the exclusion fraction. Both included and excluded segments showed maximal responses when the cell was excluded approximately halfway. Both segments showed smaller or absent responses when the cell was almost fully excluded or almost fully included. 3. When the cell was near to, but not at, the maximum exclusion, the included segment response amplitude was zero, whereas the excluded segment response amplitude was nonzero. In contrast, when the cell was nearly fully included, the excluded segment response amplitude was zero, but the included segment response amplitude was still detectable. A simple model of outer hair cell motility based on these results suggests that the cell has finite-resistance terminations and that the motors are restricted to a region above the nucleus and below its ciliated apex (cuticular plate). 4. The function describing length change as a function of command voltage was measured for each segment as the exclusion fraction was varied. The functions were similar at midrange exclusions (i.e., when the segments were about equal length), showing nonlinearity and saturability. The functions were strikingly different when the segment lengths were different. The effects of exclusion on the voltage to length-change functions suggested that the nonlinearity and saturability are local properties of the motility mechanism. 5. The diameter changes of both segments were examined. The segment diameter changes were always antiphasic to the length changes. This finding implies that the motility mechanism has an active antiphasic diameter component. The diameter change amplitude was a monotonically increasing function of exclusion for the included segment, and a decreasing function for the excluded segment. 6. The voltage to length-change and voltage to diameter-change functions were measured for the same cell and exclusion fraction. The voltage to diameter- change function was smaller in amplitude than the voltage to length-change function. The functions were of opposite polarity to each other, but were otherwise similar in character. Thus it is likely that the same motor mechanism is responsible for both axial and diameter deformations.
Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)549-558
Number of pages10
JournalJournal of neurophysiology
Volume70
Issue number2
DOIs
StatePublished - 1993
ASJC Scopus subject areas
 - Neuroscience(all)
 - Physiology
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A boat has a speed of 9 mph in still water. If the boat takes the same time to go 28 miles upstream as it takes to go 44 miles downstream, what is the speed of the current?
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The river flows downstream at c mph, so the boat's upstream speed is reduced by the speed of the current to 9-c, while its downstream speed is increased to 9+c. Time t taken to go upstream, t=28/(9-c) and downstream t=44/(9+c). Therefore 28/(9-c)=44/(9+c), 28(9+c)=44(9-c) by cross-multiplying, 252+28c=396-44c, 72c=144, so c=144/72=2mph.
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text:
Temporary files can eat away at a your hard disk space without you ever noticing. Temporary files are typically recognized and hidden from the user's sight by the OS. Temporary files can be created when editing files, when running some programs, or when a program wishes to report and save a problem. Removing these temporary files can free up valuable space, and FSlint can find these files so that they can be purged.
It is possible to specify a minimum age to find only files modified in the last X number of days. A minimum age of 0 is all temporary files.
When a program exits or is terminated prematurely, the program can leave behind files known as core files or dump files for debugging purposes. The core files are generally named "core.#####" where # can represent any number 0-9. Many Linux distributions have this feature disabled. To check if core files are enabled on your Linux system, run 'ulimit -c' from the command line. A value of 0 is disabled. In FSlint the check box "core file mode?" enables a more thorough search for these core files.
Command Line Interface
The command line interface to this utility is 'findtf'. This utility will be found in the installation directory of fslint.
$ /usr/share/fslint/fslint/findtf --help find Temporary Files. Usage: findtf [-c] [--age=days] [[-r] [-f] paths(s)...] If -c specified then a more thorough search is done for (and only for) core files, and more information is printed about them. If --age=days specified then the temporary files must be over that number of "days" old before being reported. For e.g. findtf -c --age=4 only reports core files over 4 days old. If no path(s) specified then the current directory is assumed.


text:
This study explored the differences among online elementary school student groups based on their communication features. Two hundred and ninety-one Taiwanese students, ranging in age from 11 to 12 years old, participated in this study. The students were randomly arranged within-class into three-member groups. Each group was asked to use a collaborative learning system to accomplish a group task generating a shared concept map. The textual discussions in each group during collaboration were collected, coded, categorized, and quantified to profile their communication characteristics. Cluster analysis on the resulting communication characteristics resulted in four types of small student groups, including passive or reticent, frequently off-task, actively participating, and knowledge emphasizing. Most student groups (56%) were found to be relatively passive or reticent. Frequently off-task student groups made a protrusive amount of messages for off-task social purposes. The actively participating student groups were characterized by abundant discussion, particularly for continuing task, managing procedure and coordinating efforts. The distinctive feature of knowledge emphasizing student groups was that they devoted particular attention to task related knowledge. In addition, they performed better in task accomplishment.
- Computer-mediated communication
- Cooperative/collaborative learning
- Elementary education
- Interactive learning environments
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Computer Science(all)


text:
Pentacle Symbol Meaning Handmade sculpted in clay by psychic medium Ian Scott On Etsy !
Five Pointed Star With A Circle Around It Meaning
The Pentacle meaning, a 5-pointed Star contained within a circle. The five points of the Pentacle represent the four directions and four elements, with spirit at the top. A human with arms and legs outstretched in front of the star creates a circle of color with the aura revealing a living breathing pentacle of protection.
The pentacle meaning in the Golden Dawn system is one of a magical protection shield and summoning device. When used in ritual magick the pentacle is made of clay, wax, or earthenware. In some esoteric traditions, it's made of pure gold, silver, copper or iron.
The pentacle's origins go back to the ancient Mesopotamians, who engraved it on pottery and tools, often with the symbols meaning the four corners or…
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text:
Senior International Credentials Analyst
Position summary: Reviews and evaluates foreign educational credentials. Provides content leadership for the review and evaluation of foreign educational credentials for Credentials Evaluation Services. Applies knowledge and contacts in the credentialing field to strengthen existing programs and to develop new products and/or clients.
Essential Functions and Responsibilities:
- Reviews and evaluates foreign educational credentials for further education, state licensing, employment, and immigration purposes.
- In collaboration with the manager, works with consultants, state boards of physical therapy, state boards of nursing, state boards of other professions, immigration lawyers, placement and recruitment agencies, higher education, and other constituents in the context of credential evaluation.
- In collaboration with the manager, establishes and/or strengthens relationships with credentialing organizations and international education organizations.
- In collaboration with manager, prepares and presents conference sessions/webinars and authors books/chapters on the evaluation of foreign educational systems or credentials, fraud detection and evaluation, and other related content to strengthen organizational stature in the field and to contribute to the credentialing profession as well as to international education.
- In collaboration with manager, provides content leadership for the review and evaluation of foreign credentials for ICD.
- In collaboration with manager, monitors policies and procedures governing the verification and evaluation of credentials, fraud detection systems and quality assurance protocols. Develops new policies and procedures and revises existing ones as necessary.
- In collaboration with manager, provides and/or supports professional development for junior staff and serves as the lead person for keeping abreast of knowledge and developments in the field.
- In collaboration with manager, serves as a coach and a resource to guide research and to support quality performance as needed.
- In collaboration with the librarian, provides content leadership to the development of library resources, archival materials, and other databases deemed essential to conducting credential review and evaluation.
- Handles high level correspondence and responses to inquiries on behalf of manager as deemed necessary.
- Participates in special project teams departmentally and interdepartmentally.
- Other duties as assigned.
- Baccalaureate degree from and accredited college or university in a field related to international education.
- Master's degree preferred.
- Minimum of five years of credentialing/academic admissions experience
- with international applicants in a broad range of disciplines and at all levels of education at a regionally accredited college or university or at a NACES member organization.
- Proficient in using computers and related technologies for operational and research purposes.
- Exceptional written, verbal, analytical, and interpersonal skills.
Reports to Manager of Credentials Evaluation Programs.


text:
Adelberg Family History
14-Day Free Trial
Adelberg Name Meaning
German: habitational name from a place in southwestern Germany called Adelberg, named with Middle High German adel 'noble' + berg 'mountain'. Jewish (Ashkenazic): ornamental name composed of German adel 'noble' + Berg 'mountain'.
Source: Dictionary of American Family Names ©2013, Oxford University Press
Similar surnames: Edelberg, Selberg, Melberg, Helberg, Heiberg, Arenberg, Milberg


You can now easily send Gravity Forms entry data from one form to another without adding any code! Introducing Easy Passthrough for Gravity Forms.
An often used Gravity Forms workflow is populating a form off the values of another a form. A user visits your site, fills out a form and, upon submission, they are brought to a page with another form that contains fields that they filled out on the previous page. Having the user fill out those form fields again is a very inconvenient experience.
The easiest way to do this out of the box with Gravity Forms is to add query parameters to the confirmation URL so they can be populated in the second form. However, this can sometimes be a clumsy solution as you have to manually update the confirmation each time you add a new field whose value you want brought over to the second form. It can also get out of hand if you have more than a handful of fields that need to be copied.
Luckily, there's a simpler way to do this.
Step 1: Prepare fields for dynamic population
First, we need to prepare the fields we want to copy the values to and from to be dynamically populated.
In the form editor for both forms, select each field you want to dynamically populate and go to the Advanced tab. Within the Advanced tab, click the checkbox labeled Allow field to be populated dynamically and enter in a parameter name. The parameter name needs to be the same on both forms. For example, if you have an Email Address field on both forms whose values should be the same, set the parameter name on each field to email_address.
Step 2: Setup your confirmation
Next, we need to add a reference point to the confirmation URL to be able to retrieve the entry data.
Visit the confirmation page for your first form. Click the Pass Field Data Via Query String checkbox. In the text box below the checkbox, set the Entry ID to be passed as entry_id:
entry_id={entry_id}
Step 3: Install the Easy Form Population code snippet
Finally, insert the following snippet either into your functions.php file or as a new file that is included in your functions.php.
Before a Gravity Form is rendered, this snippet checks to see if an entry ID query parameter exists. If it does, it retrieves the entry and pass in any values whose field parameter names match.
Need to transfer entry data between forms with fields that have multiple inputs (Name field, Address field, List field)? Check out Easy Passthrough for Gravity Forms.


text:
Volume 37, Issue 2 (March 1992)
Big Game Species Identification by Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) Probes
Species identification is important in many big game forensic science cases but cannot always be accomplished because of the lack of adequate techniques. The authors have developed deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) probes for elk, deer, and antelope by isolating highly repeated satellite sequences. These DNA probes distinguish among deer, elk, and antelope, although not between different species of deer. Because of the high number of sequence copies per genome, these probes are extremely sensitive, requiring less than 10 ng of total genomic DNA. The developmental protocol for these probes is relatively simple and is applicable to many other species.


text:
Water security is a defining feature of the opportunities and limits for growth and development in Bangladesh. The country has made enormous strides in reducing poverty between 1990 and 2015. It is one of Asia's most dynamic economies with water shaping its rich history and future growth.
Complex hydrology, chronic water-related risks, high exposure to water-related hazards and rapid environmental change mean that Bangladesh is already addressing challenges that will affect other South Asian countries in the decades ahead. But poverty reduction and growth efforts will not achieve desired development outcomes unless they include productive investments in water security and protective interventions against water-related risks.
This working paper highlights the key water security risks to Bangladesh's growth and poverty reduction efforts and illustrates evidence of significant but uncertain water security risks. It examines the progress made by Bangladesh in reducing poverty and improving growth. It then proposes potential locations to establish REACH Water Security Observatories for 'universal drinking water security' and to reduce 'water security risks for the coastal poor'.
© 2022 REACH


Take the 2-minute tour ×
In the article Levenshtein distance Wikipedia says about the proof of invariant that:
This proof fails to validate that the number placed in d[i,j] is in fact minimal; this is more difficult to show, and involves an argument by contradiction in which we assume d[i,j] is smaller than the minimum of the three, and use this to show one of the three is not minimal.
So how can I show that d[i,j] is actually minimal? (informal proof is ok)
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1 Answer 1
There is an optimal edit sequence in which the edit operations occur in order from left to right. There are only three options for the last edit operation: insert the last character of the target string, delete the last character of the source string, or replace the last character. Everything before the last edit operation must be optimal.
See section 5.5 of these notes.
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Take the 2-minute tour ×
Let $E$ a rank $r\geq 3$ vector bundle over a curve $C$ and let $E'$ a rank $r-1$ subbundle of $E$. Thus we have $\mathbb{P} (E') \subset \mathbb{P} (E)$; what can be said about $ \xi|_{\mathbb{P}(E')}$, where $\xi$ is the tautological class of $\mathbb P (E)$?
If $\xi'$, $F'$ are resp. the tautological class of $\mathbb P (E')$ and the class of a fibre in $\mathbb P (E')$, is it possible to compute the components of $ \xi|_{\mathbb{P}(E')}$ with respetc to $\xi'$, $F'$?
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1 Answer 1
up vote 1 down vote accepted
I personally prefer to work with sheaves which ultimately gives you the same thing, but sometimes you need to work in a dual setting. So, I will use sheaves below, feel free to rewrite this for yourself in the language of bundles.
Let $\alpha: \mathscr E_1\to \mathscr E_2$ be a surjective morphism of sheaves and a scheme $X$ and let $\pi_i:\mathbb P(\mathscr E_i)\to X$ be the associated projective bundle for $i=1,2$.
By construction there exist surjective sheaf morphisms $\pi_i^*\mathscr E_i\to \mathscr O_{\mathbb P(\mathscr E_i)}(1)$ on $\mathbb P(\mathscr E_i)$. Pulling back $\alpha$ to $\mathbb P(\mathscr E_2)$ gives a composition of surjective morphisms: $$ \pi_2^*\mathscr E_1\to \pi_2^*\mathscr E_2\to \mathscr O_{\mathbb P(\mathscr E_2)}(1). $$
This induces a natural map $\beta: \mathbb P(\mathscr E_2)\to \mathbb P (\mathscr E_1)$ such that $\beta^* \mathscr O_{\mathbb P(\mathscr E_2)}(1) = \mathscr O_{\mathbb P(\mathscr E_2)}(1)$. I leave it for you to check that $\beta$ is injective (after all you claimed this as a matter-of-fact in the question). The pull-back equality means that the tautological class of $\pi_1$ restricts to the tautological class of $\pi_2$.
In other words, using your notation, $\xi|_{\mathbb P(E')}=\xi'$.
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text:
Putting dirty bong water on your plants is a bad idea. The concept may seem crazy to some people, but others swear that it works on their plants. Bong water is essentially water with resin, mold, and bacteria, which will not help your plants grow. In fact, the bong water will stop plants from growing altogether.
So, what exactly is in bong water? What do plants need to survive and grow healthy and strong? Why is it that bong water is not suitable for plants? Can you add bong water to your compost pile for houseplant fertilizer?
So, is bong water good for plants or not? Here is the complete breakdown of using bong water for house plants.
What is Bong Water?
A bong is a device that people use to smoke cannabis. The device begins by putting clean water at the bottom of the structure and then placing dry plant material where you put the lighter. As the user lights up the dry material, they (the smoker) inhales the smoke from the water. That leftover water at the bottom of the bong is where the bong water sits.
Bongwater generally consists of dirty water, resin, bacteria, THC, CBD, and ash. As the old bong water sits for an extended period, it becomes stagnant water, which means excess bacteria grow at the bottom.
What Do Plants Need to Survive?
A plant's health depends on adequate sunlight, water, and soil. In addition, plants also need nutrients like phosphorus, carbon dioxide, oxygen, calcium, and potassium. Finally, plants need to be put into the proper temperature conditions to survive.
Why Do People Think Bong Water is Good for Houseplants?
People think that bong water is good for houseplants because it contains water. In addition, bong water has decomposing plant matter from when the filtration occurs on the dry leaves and water, so having that in the water would be suitable for plants. Finally, after a smoke session, you might think that bong water on plants is an excellent way to reduce waste that might go down the drain.
Why is Bong Water Not Good for Plants?
While some may enjoy the smoking experience that bongs provide and think there is a good use for that excess water at the bottom of the device, plants won't want it. The bacteria build-up in the water will be harmful to plants. Mold, resin, ash, and more are not elements that plants seek to grow healthy and robust.
One of the biggest problems that bong water has is resin, which will clog your soil if you dump that on your houseplant. Plant roots need to grow naturally in the ground to reach nutrients and water, and the resin can block that path. By blocking the way for roots, you will stop the growth of plants and ultimately have them wilt if they are unable to gather the nutrients they need.
If drinking bong water is a bad idea for people, it is bad for plants. Bottom line, the question "is bong water good for plants" comes out to a no.
Is Bong Water Good for Weed Plants?
Now that we know that bong water doesn't help grow plants, you might wonder if you can use it on your weeds. The truth is that you are better off removing the weeds manually or using boiling water to kill the roots of the weed. However, if you wanted to experiment using bong water on weeds to see if it will remove them faster, it is worth a try. The bong water won't help grow the weeds, but there are better alternatives to removing them than bong water.
What are some Alternatives to Bong Water for Plants?
- Distilled Water: Distilled water does not contain anything except water. That means that it does not contain any chlorine or other similar chemicals that you would find in tap water.
- Rain Water: Rainwater is excellent for plants because it is free. However, some rainwater won't be as clean as others, depending on where you live. If you are concerned about the rainwater in your area, consider leaving a bucket outside to collect the water and test it for toxins.
- Bottled Water: Bottled water works well for plants because it is cleaner than tap water. Unlike tap water, bottled water doesn't contain fluoride or chlorine, which can cause problems for plants. However, while bottled water is a good choice for plants, it can become costly.
- Tap Water: First-time plant growers will use tap water directly on their plants because of its convenience. While tap water is good, the general rule is not to use ice cold tap water on your plants since that can cause shock. Consider letting the water sit out for a few hours before giving it to your plants to drink.
- Rice Water: If you are cooking rice over the stove, consider using that water on plants. What might sound crazy at first really isn't so. Rice water contains nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, all essential nutrients that plants need.
Can Bong Water Be Used in a Compost Pile for Plants?
While putting bong water directly on plants isn't a great idea, you can add a bit of the mixture to a compost pile. Bong water has components and materials that can help decompose other items in your bin, like tea bags, banana peels, and eggshells. By adding some bong water to the compost pile, you can remove unnecessary waste that goes down the drain and instead put it to good use.
Conclusion: Is Bong Water Good for Plants?
In summary, using bong water on plants is not a great idea. Bong water contains harmful toxins that can cause severe issues to the plant if you dump the water directly on them. The toxins cause problems with plant growth, and they can also stop the roots from reaching nutrients due to the resin that bong water contains.
However, you can use bong water in your compost pile for houseplant fertilization. The water from the bong can help naturally decompose material like eggshells, coffee grounds, tea bags, and more, which speeds up when you can use that pile as fertilizer.


++ed by:
TOBYINK FANY MJEMMESON AWNCORP ZMUGHAL
7 PAUSE users
5 non-PAUSE users.
Mark Overmeer
NAME
Mail::Box::Tie::HASH - access an existing message folder as a hash
SYNOPSIS
 tie my(%inbox), 'Mail::Box::Tie::HASH', $folder;
 foreach my $msgid (keys %inbox)
 { print $inbox{$msgid};
 delete $inbox{$msgid};
 }
 $inbox{$msg->messageId} = $msg;
DESCRIPTION
Certainly when you look at a folder as being a set of related messages based on message-id, it is logical to access the folder through a hash.
For a tied hash, the message-id is used as the key. The message-id is usually unique, but when two or more instances of the same message are in the same folder, one will be flagged for deletion and the other will be returned.
This implementation uses basic folder access routines which are related to the message-id.
METHODS
Constructors
TIEHASH('Mail::Box::Tie::HASH', FOLDER)
Connects the FOLDER object to a HASH.
example:
 my $mgr = Mail::Box::Manager->new;
 my $folder = $mgr->open(access => 'rw');
 tie my(%inbox), 'Mail::Box::Tie::HASH', $folder;
Tied Interface
$obj->CLEAR()
Remove the contents of the hash. This is not really possible, but all the messages will be flagged for deletion.
example:
 %inbox = ();
 %inbox = ($msg->messageId, $msg); #before adding msg
$obj->DELETE($message_id)
Remove the message with the specified $message_id.
example:
 delete $inbox{$msgid};
$obj->EXISTS($message_id)
Check whether a message with a certain $message_id exists.
example:
 if(exists $inbox{$msgid}) ...
$obj->FETCH($message_id)
Get the message with the specified id. The returned message may be a dummy if message thread detection is used. Returns undef when there is no message with the specified id.
example:
 my $msg = $inbox{$msgid};
 if($inbox{$msgid}->isDummy) ...
$obj->FIRSTKEY()
See NEXTKEY().
$obj->NEXTKEY($previous)
FIRSTKEY() returns the first message-id/message pair from the folder, and NEXTKEY returns the message-id/message pair for the next message, in the order in which the message is stored in the folder.
Messages flagged for deletion will not be returned. See the Mail::Box::messages() method of the folder type for more information about the folder message order.
example:
 foreach my $msgid (keys %inbox) ...
 foreach my $msg (values %inbox) ...
 while(my ($msgid, $msg) = each %inbox) {
 $msg->print unless $msg->isDeleted;
 }
$obj->STORE(undef, $message)
Store a message in the folder. The key must be undef, because the message-id of the specified message is taken. This is shown in the first example. However, as you see, it is a bit complicated to specify undef, therefore the string "undef" is accepted as well.
The message may be converted into something which can be stored in the folder type which is at stake. The added instance is returned.
example:
 $inbox{ (undef) } = $msg;
 $inbox{undef} = $msg;
SEE ALSO
This module is part of Mail-Box distribution version 2.120, built on September 21, 2016. Website: _URL_
LICENSE
Copyrights 2001-2016 by [Mark Overmeer]. For other contributors see ChangeLog.
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself. See _URL_


text:
In order to introduce and pass Insurance Fairness for Amputees legislation, we need people with varying levels of advocacy experience to aid our efforts in an upcoming session. We are actively seeking advocates to show support, contact legislators, or lead the effort in Nebraska.
The Nebraska State Legislature has previously introduced Insurance Fairness for Amputees. The most recent introduction took place during the 2009 Legislative Session. Legislative Bill 149 was introduced and referred to the Banking, Commerce and Insurance Committee. The measure was scheduled for a hearing, but was not heard. It was indefinitely postponed on April 14th, 2010.
Prior to the introduction LB 149, the Nebraska State Legislature commissioned the Nebraska Insurance Fairness Study to study the medical impacts and cost associated with an earlier version of the legislation. The study concluded that the cost would be marginal for insurers to provide the benefit over and above what they are currently covering. Therefore, the cost will vary by insurer and policy and average about a 0.03% to 0.06% increase for commercial insurance policyholders in Nebraska.
State Government Information
The State Legislature is non-partisan and the Republican Party controls the Office of the Governor.
Nebraska's State Legislature is unicameral and works on a two year cycle. Session runs from January until June in the first year and January until April in the second.
The Office of Governor has an election every four years that coincides with Congressional Mid-Term Elections. The next election will be held in 2022. An individual elected to the Office of the Governor can serve two consecutive terms. The Governor is responsible for signing legislation into law and granting formal proclamations, such as Limb Loss Awareness Month.
The Nebraska Department of Insurance is a state department falling under the executive branch of Nebraska's government. The Governor appoints the Commissioner of Insurance to observe the oversight of the insurance industry. The Department provides information about insurance payment reforms and the ability to file a complaint against an insurance provider.
The Amputee Coalition needs support from the limb loss/difference community. If you are interested in aiding our efforts:


Using IR modules from VCRs
1) Intro
Some time ago, I came across the Lirc (Linux Infrared Remote Control) website and decided to build a serial port IR receiver. They had a list of suggested IR receiver modules, but I was unable to buy one, so I had to think of using something else.
A IR Receiver module is usually a photodiode and a 38khz detector. Most of them have 3 pins. VCC, GND, an output pin. If a 38khz carrier is detected, the output pin will become active. Some modules are active low, and others are active high. It is sometimes required to use an inverter(eg: 7404) to get the correct signal.
At first I thought to build a 38khz detector and to use a photodiode for receiving IR, but I soon realized that this would be too much trouble. Instead, I decided to use the IR module from one of my old VHS I had lying around.
2) Finding the module inside the VCR
This should be pretty easy. Just remove the plastic cover from the front panel, and you will probably see a small metal cage somewhere, as shown in the picture to the left.
3) Figuring out the pinout
There are 2 types of modules used in VCRs:
 1. Self-contained modules
 2. Built on board modules
1. Self-contained modules
Self contained modules are usually come with their metal cage soldered to the PCB, with 3 wires or pins coming out. Here are pictures of such modules:
The pinout is not usually too difficult to guess. If you're lucky, it will be printed on the pcb like this:
Otherwise, you can find the pinout by trial and error. Simply connect the ground, vcc. Connect the output pin to a led using a high resistor value like 1k. Also, limit the current in the VCC line if possible(using a resistor or a good power supply).
To test your pinout, aim a remote control to your module and press a button. The led will blink if you have the right pinout.
2. Built on board modules
Built on board modules have their metal cage soldered to the PCB, and a bunch of component (sensor, chips, resistor, caps...) directly soldered to the PCB. If you have this type of module, I recommend that you cut the PCB around it using a dremel or something.
Next, look at the board layout. Usually, this area is insulated with a ground plane. You will probably see 3 traces going inside the module like this:
One of them is VCC, another GND, and the last one is the output. You can easily guess which one is the ground and vcc. Just follow them on the PCB, and it will eventually connect to other chips. You can look theese chips datasheet to learn their pinout. If the trace connects to a VCC or GND pin, you got it. The remaining trace is the output.
4) Using the module
You can use these modules as an universal infrared receiver for your computer with projects like Lirc. You build an Infrared Break Beam detector. You can extend the range of your remote controls by building a repeater.
Written by Raphaël Assénat <>, in the hope that it will be useful. Comments and suggestions are welcome.
Sun Sep 29 15:29:17 EDT 2002


text:
The Tominé Reservoir is a reservoir in northern Cundinamarca, Colombia about 60 kilometers north of Bogotá. It is 18 kilometers long and 4 wide, and reaching at its maximum depth at 38 meters. Its objectives are to control water levels for hydroelectric plants in the region and supply drinking water to Bogotá. It is adjacent to the municipalities of Sesquilé and Guatavita.
The reservoir was completed in 1967. The town of Guatavita was intentionally flooded for the construction and functioning of the reservoir. Guatavita was rebuilt on higher grounds.
Today, Tominé hosts water sports and other water-related events.
Was featured in:
Love affair With the Lens


When was the Dishwasher Invented😄🤩😃
The dishwasher is an appliance that has become a staple in many households around the world. It has revolutionized the way we clean our dishes and has saved us countless hours of laborious hand-washing. But when was the dishwasher invented? Who can we thank for this incredible invention? In this article, we will explore the history of the dishwasher and how it has evolved over time.
The earliest known reference to a mechanical device for washing dishes dates back to 1850. Joel Houghton, an American from Ogden, New York, received the first U.S. patent for a hand-powered washing machine that was designed for cleaning dishes. The machine consisted of a wooden tub with a hand-operated crank that rotated a series of gears, which in turn drove a reciprocating paddle. The paddle was designed to agitate the water and the dishes, cleaning them in the process.
Houghton's invention was not a commercial success, and it wasn't until 1886 that a mechanical dishwasher was patented by Josephine Cochrane. Cochrane was the wealthy wife of a politician and socialite who was frustrated with the way her servants were handling her fine china. She decided to take matters into her own hands and designed a machine that would clean her dishes more effectively.
Cochrane's dishwasher was a massive improvement on Houghton's machine. It featured a motor-driven belt that moved the dishes through a series of compartments, where they were washed with hot soapy water, rinsed with hot water, and then dried with hot air. The machine was a success, and Cochrane's company, which later became known as KitchenAid, went on to sell dishwashers to hotels and restaurants.
3 Best GE Dishwashers 1 When was the Dishwasher Invented😄🤩😃
Despite its commercial success, the dishwasher did not become a common household appliance until the mid-20th century. It was considered a luxury item and was too expensive for most families to afford. However, as the cost of production decreased and the technology improved, dishwashers became more accessible to the average person.
In the 1950s, dishwashers began to feature more advanced features, such as spray arms, which replaced the paddles used in earlier models. This allowed for a more thorough cleaning of the dishes and reduced the amount of water needed. By the 1960s, dishwashers were becoming increasingly common in households across the United States and Europe.
Throughout the 1970s and 1980s, dishwasher technology continued to improve, with the introduction of more energy-efficient models and electronic controls. Manufacturers also began to offer different sizes and styles of dishwashers to suit a variety of kitchen designs.
Today, dishwashers are an essential appliance in many households. They are more energy-efficient than ever before, and many models feature advanced features such as adjustable racks, multiple wash cycles, and even Wi-Fi connectivity. They have come a long way since Joel Houghton's hand-cranked machine and Josephine Cochrane's motor-driven belt.
When did dishwashers become popular?
Dishwashers became popular in the United States in the 1950s. After World War II, dishwashers started to become more affordable and accessible to the average American household. The invention of automatic dishwashers allowed people to save time on washing dishes and freed up time for other activities. This shift in convenience helped to make dishwashers a common household item.
Prior to the 1950s, dishwashing was a labor-intensive task that often required multiple people working together. However, with the invention of automatic dishwashers, one person could easily complete this chore. As technology improved, so did the efficiency of dishwashers; they became quieter and more energy efficient, allowing them to become even more popular among households.
Today, most households have at least one dishwasher and it is considered an essential home appliance in many parts of the world. It has become a staple in modern kitchens and continues to be refined as technology advances.
When was electric dishwasher invented?
The first electric dishwasher was invented in 1886 by Josephine Cochrane. She was an American inventor who wanted to make the chore of washing dishes easier and faster. Her original invention consisted of a motorized wheel that rotated a rack of dishes through a copper tub filled with hot soapy water. This invention was presented at the 1893 World's Fair in Chicago and won the highest award for mechanical construction. It was then commercially produced and sold, becoming more popular as households began to rely on electricity and plumbing systems became more common. Today, electric dishwashers are used all over the world, making it easy to keep our dishes clean without having to do them manually.
Who invented the dishwasher?
The dishwasher was invented by Josephine Cochrane in 1886. She was a wealthy socialite from Shelbyville, Illinois who wanted to find a way to keep her expensive china from being damaged while being washed. She enlisted the help of mechanic George Butters to construct a machine that would use water pressure to push water through the dishes and clean them.
The first version of the dishwasher was made out of a wheel, metal racks, and a motorized pump. It was displayed at the 1893 World's Fair in Chicago where it received much acclaim. After that, Cochrane founded the Garis-Cochran Company which manufactured and sold dishwashers until they were bought out by KitchenAid in 1986.
Today, dishwashers are found in most households around the world as an essential kitchen appliance.
In conclusion, the dishwasher is an appliance that has been around for over 100 years, and it has undergone significant changes and improvements during that time. From the hand-cranked machine of the 1850s to the advanced, energy-efficient models of today, the dishwasher has come a long way. It is an essential appliance in many households and has made our lives easier by taking the labor out of dishwashing. We owe a debt of gratitude to Joel Houghton and Josephine Cochrane for their pioneering work in developing the dishwasher, and to the many engineers and designers who have continued to improve it over the years.
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approach.
The replicates used in BRR are set up by repeatedly selecting just one of the two psus per stratum. The selection is not entirely at random – the approach sets up replicates against an orthogonal matrix of 1s and 0s which is designed to give a 'balanced' set of replicates. The balancing is a means of dealing with the interdependence in the replicates because they contain common units.
Jackknife estimation
For jackknife estimation replicates are created by removing one PSU from the dataset at a time and then weighting up the other psus from the same stratum to adjust for the removal. In this way each replicate gives an unbiased estimate of the population mean, and the variance between the replicate means gives an estimate of the true sampling variance. Jackknife estimation is not restricted to a particular sample design so, in that sense, is more flexible than BRR.
Advantages of using replication methods
 - They can adjust properly for InfoButtonpost-stratification and include the uncertainty due to the estimation of nonresponse rates. But the R survey package implements a generalised calibration method that seems to work just as well.
 - Once the replicate weights are calculated they can be distributed with the data set and used by any user. This means that that PSU's do not have to be identified on the data set, which can overcome problems with disclosure.
4.4 The practicalities of replication methods
Replication methods are usually carried out in two stages:
 - Calculate a set of replicate weights from the design features of a survey
 - Use this set of weights to analyse any of the variables in the survey.
These two stages can be quite separate. Once a set of replicate weights are available the analysts don't need to know anything about the design of the survey. All they need to have is the set of weights and some information about what kinds of weights they are (e.g.BRR, Jackknife ) This means that they don't need to know the details of the sampling (e.g. PSUs, STRATA) so disclosure may be less of a problem.
Replicate weights
The idea of a replication method is that the survey analysis can be repeated on modifications of the data and the variability between the different results obtained allows the standard errors of the estimates to be calculated.
Each replication of a survey can be represented by a replicate weight that is calculated for every respondent. For example, for a modification that drops all the respondents in one PSU, one simply sets the weights for all respondents in that PSU to zero.
A complete set of replicate weights can be calculated and these are then distributed along with the survey. All the survey users can then make use of them to calculate the standard errors of their estimates.
How replication methods can allow for InfoButtonpost-stratification
Once a set of replicate weights are calculated, each set of weights can be post-stratified so that the sum of the weights matches the population totals to which the survey is to be matched. When InfoButtonraking, or other more complicated non-response adjustment is used the weights are adjusted so that each set of weights matches both the population totals.Section on non-response gives details.
4.5 How does the design affect standard errors?
Aspects of the design such as weighting clustering, startification and InfoButtonpost-stratification all influence the design effects and design factors and standard errors for surveys. These are discussed in detail in the relevant sections of this site
It is standard practice for large-scale surveys to be published with tables of design factors for key means and percentages, and you could be forgiven for concluding that survey design affects the standard errors for point estimates alone. But in reality survey design affects all survey statistics, including t-tests, chi-squared tests, and regression coefficients. The basic rules are:
 - All statistical tests (and that includes standard t-tests and chi-squared tests) are based on sampling variance and so have a design effect associated with them. It is often the case that the design effect for tests of differences between sub-groups will be smaller than the design effects associated with point estimates, especially if much of the design effect is attributable to clustering of the data. But you should not assume that the design factor is close enough to 1 to be ignorable.
 - For surveys that are weighted because disproportionate stratification has been used, the design factor should be considerably smaller for sub-group estimates where the sub-groups are the same or closely related to the survey strata.
 - For surveys that are clustered, the standard error for a difference between two groups should have a smaller design factor than the design factors for the two groups themselves as long as the sub-groups cut across each cluster. The design factor may still be fairly large however if the survey data is weighted. The same should apply to the design factor for the standard error of a regression co-efficient.
 - The standard errors for regression coefficients have design effects. As with tests for differences these effects will often be smaller than the design effects for means and percentages, but they should not be assumed to be ignorable.
All of the software packages we are illustrating on this web site will calculate the correct survey - adjusted standard errors. In most cases they will also calculate and print design effects for each estimate.
4.6 Chi squared tests for survey data
Adjusted chi-squared tests
Significance tests such as chi-squared tests also need to be adjusted for the
survey design. Methods for this are illustrated in exemplar 2 and in exemplar4. It is based on similiar principles to the approximate method described below. There are several variants of the survey-adjusted test but the one you are most likely to come accross, and considered to be the most useful is the Rao-Scott adjusted chi-square. This (confusingly) is not usually expressed as a chi-squared test statistic, but as an F statistic. But all the packages we are illustrating give the p-values for the test.
Approximate methods using design effects
design factors for key means and percentages. These can give you some indication of the likely design factors for other variables, and a fairly good rule of thumb is that using a design factor close to the top of the range for those published and applying this to simple random sample standard errors will safe-guard you (in the sense that the most likely error you will make will be to over-estimate the standard error rather than to under-estimate it).
In a similar way it is possible to use this'maximum design factor' to adjust statistical tests so that more conservative p-values are generated. For instance a t-statistic (from a t-test) might be divided by the'max deft' and a chi-squared statistic might be divided by the'max design effect', although this is often extremely conservative. If making use of these types of rule of thumb it is worth being aware of a few general principles: (but it is better to use the software we are illlustrating on this website)
You can check this out with exemplar 2 to see if it is true.
4.7 Misspecification effects
Some software packages (e.g. Stata) provide misspecification effects and misspecification factors as well as design effects and design factors (see above for the latter two). They may appear similar and sometimes (but not always) their values will be similar, but they are really quite different concepts.
The differences between the two types of effect are the following
 - Design effects and factors relate to how well your design is performing compared to a design that is a simple random sample with no clustering, no stratification and no weighting.
 - Misspecification effects and factors are the ratios of variances and standard errors of estimates for your design, compared to the wrong answer you would have got if you had ignored all the design features.
 - Design effects and factors are what you need to evaluate the efficiency of a design
 - Misspecification effects and factors give you how a factor for how wrong you would be if you used the variances and standard errors from an analysis that ignored all the design features, compared to a correct analysis.
Of course you would never dream of doing an incorrect analysis, would you? You are learning from this site after all. But you might have to advise someone without access to appropriate software. So are misspecification effects just what you want to tell people if they should worry about all the complications of design-based analysis? Sadly this is not quite true. The reason for this is weighting. Weighting not only changes the variance of estimates, it also can have large effects on the estimates themselves. So an unweighted analysis will be biassed. The MEFFs and MEFFTs don't tell you about biases.
If you had to advise someone without survey software on whether it was safe to proceed the appropriate advice would be to suggest that they use a weighted analysis with weights scaled to add to the sample size (see section 3.1 on scaling of weights). This gives answers that are bias-adjusted and the standard errors are at least approximately correct. The MEFFs and MEFFTs don't give you the comparison with this analysis. Where unequal weighting changes the precision using MEFFTS will give too big an adjustment to the standard errors.
peas project 2004/2005/2006.


text:
Low levels of knowledge, attitudes and preventive practices on leptospirosis among a rural community in Hulu Langat district, Selangor, Malaysia
Little is known on the knowledge, attitudes and preventive practices (KAP) of leptospirosis worldwide. This study embarked on assessing the KAP of leptospirosis among rural communities in Malaysia. A total of 444 participants (223 male; 221 female) aged between 18 and 81 years old were surveyed by u...
|Main Authors:||, , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,|
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute


text: Understanding L-fucose metabolism is important because it is used as a therapy for several congenital disorders of glycosylation. Exogenous L-fucose can be activated and incorporated directly into multiple N- and O-glycans via the fucose salvage/recycling pathway. However, unlike for other monosaccharides, no mammalian L-fucose transporter has been identified. Here, we functionally screened nearly 140 annotated transporters and identified GLUT1 (SLC2A1) as an L-fucose transporter. We confirmed this assignment using multiple approaches to alter GLUT1 function including, chemical inhibition, siRNA knockdown, and gene knockout. Collectively, all methods demonstrate that GLUT1 contributes significantly to L-fucose uptake and its utilization at low micromolar levels.