Sharjah Architecture Triennial, photo by Ieva Saudargaitė
Sharjah Architecture Triennial will seek to overturn "orientalist cliches"
A new architecture triennial launching in the United Arab Emirates next year will challenge "pernicious" western views of Asian, African and Middle Eastern architecture, according to curator Adrian Lahoud.
The Sharjah Architecture Triennial, debuting in the Emirati city in November 2019, aims to tackle stereotypes about the region and its architecture.
"There's going to be an attempt to rethink architecture beyond a Western European framework," Lahoud told Dezeen.
"You get all these orientalist cliches and you find them in all kinds of various forms of knowledge production, and they're continually repeated within the media."
Adrian Lahoud, photo by Rabee Younes
The first Sharjah Architecture Triennial will "look beyond a Western European framework" says curator Adrian Lahoud. Photo is by Rabee Younes
Lahoud, who is dean of the school of architecture at the Royal College of Art in London, revealed details of the triennial at a launch event at the Venice Architecture Biennale at the end of May.
In an exclusive interview with Dezeen ahead of the launch, he criticised the western tendency to highlight vernacular design, traditional materials and even tribal dress from non-western cultures.
"Those kinds of cliches are pernicious, virulent, and objectionable tropes, that really no major international exhibition of architecture that I've seen in decades has been exempt from," he said. "There's a lack of indigenous modernities or futures in those accounts."
Triennial will "look beyond the object"
Instead, the three-month-long triennial in port city Sharjah, which neighbours Dubai, will look "beyond a focus on the object, the focus on the form of the object, or thinking about the building envelope as where architecture ends," said Lahoud.
"It's important because our perspective of architecture is so dominated by the legacy of Western European forms of thinking," he said. "This is a part of the world that is still involved in various different struggles against colonialism."
Sharjah Architecture Triennial, photo by Ieva Saudargaitė
Taking place in port city Sharjah, which neighbours Dubai, the triennial will focus on architecture in North and East Africa, the Middle East and South Asia
Looking at architecture in North and East Africa, the Middle East and South Asia, the inaugural event is titled Rights of Future Generations.
It will examine how the recent focus on individual rights to things such as health, education and housing have diminished concern about collective entitlements such as rights to natural resources and a benign environment.
Looking at architecture from the perspective of future generations
Lahoud hopes the triennial will help move the discussion ''beyond questions of individual rights to think about collective rights, from the perspective of a future generation".
"But it's challenging, as future generations don't exist, so who speaks on behalf of them?" he said, stressing that this is the key question that architecture should be addressing.
"The reason it's becoming such a fundamental question and why it's so important to use as a kind of lens to think about architecture and think about cities is because there's no doubt in anyone's minds that we are making massive transformations to the planet at the moment," he said. "These are transformations that will have really fundamental long-term consequences on quality of life."
This involves overturning western views on architecture and urbanism, Lahoud believes.
"Shelter, for example, assumes that there is a distinction between ourselves and the environment; that the environment is a threat and we have to be protected from it," he said. "That's a core concept within architecture, but not all societies see their relationship to the environment in the same way."
Western architecture is "condescending"
Lahoud attacked the way other international architecture exhibitions presented architecture from Africa, Asia and the Middle East.
"For example, this obsession with tradition in the vernacular," he said. "This condescending appreciation of creativity under conditions of adversity. Or even the semiotics of architectural materials, bamboo and mud bricks, and so-called other traditional materials. There's always a complete absence of technological sophistication or technological experimentation."
He added: "Architects from that part of the world get admitted to international exhibitions if they're in traditional dress, and of course that standard never applies to architects from a North American or Western European context."
"The question we should be asking is why does the Western curatorial gaze, whenever it looks out to those parts of the world, basically seek works that only confirms preconceptions of what architecture from that part of the world should look like."
Sharjah Architecture Triennial, photo by Ieva Saudargaitė
The aim of the event is to overturn western views on architecture and urbanism, according to Lahoud
Lahoud, an architect, researcher and educator, was appointed dean of the RCA's school of architecture in 2015 when his predecessor Alex de Rijike resigned to focus on his architecture practice dRMM.
Specialising in post-colonial nation-building projects and climate research in the context of the global south, Lahoud's recent projects include an installation called Climate Crimes, which is currently on show at the V&A as part of the exhibition The Future Starts Here.
He promised to put voices of young people in the regions covered by the triennial at the centre of the show, although he conceded that three months would not be time enough to address the scale of issues they face.
"The thing that excites me the most is the opportunity to make a space for dialogue, to create a platform for an emerging generation of architects, of scholars, of artists, planners, urban designers, who are working in parts of the world that sometimes don't have access to really basic things like national archives, to a documentation of their own histories because of colonialism, because archives were taken back to Europe or destroyed."
Photography of Sharjah is by Ieva Saudargaitė.


text:
Living SustainablyIssue 3 - Oct 2006
Who Cares about the environment in 2006? is a survey of NSW people's environmental knowledge, attitudes and behaviours.
The survey tracks changes and identify trends with respect to what NSW people think about environmental issues, the effects of government policies and programs and the ongoing impact of education, training, business, community activities, education campaigns and media reporting.
The survey forms part of the DEC Social Research Series and is conducted every three years since 1994.
Survey findings will be available online from November in the Education Resources > Scientific & Social Research section at environment.nsw.gov.au.
> More information
Contact Lynne McLoughlin in Community Education on (02) 8837 6045.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
>>Covington average temperature
>>Covington Weather by month // weather averages
The climate is warm and temperate in Covington. The is a great deal of rainfall in Covington, even in the driest month. This climate is considered to be Cfa according to the Köppen-Geiger climate classification. The average temperature in Covington is 15.5 °C. The rainfall here averages 1315 mm.
Climate graph // Weather by Month Covington
The driest month is October, with 73 mm of rainfall. The greatest amount of precipitation occurs in April, with an average of 136 mm.
average temperature Covington
The warmest month of the year is July, with an average temperature of 26.7 °C. The lowest average temperatures in the year occur in January, when it is around 2.9 °C.
Covington Weather by month // weather averages
|Avg. Temperature (°C)||Avg. Temperature (°F)||Precipitation / Rainfall (mm)|
|Avg. Temperature (°C)||2.9||5.4||10.3||15.9||20.6||25||26.7||25.8||22.2||16.1||10.2||5|
|Min. Temperature (°C)||-2||0.1||4.7||9.8||14.6||18.9||20.8||19.6||16||9.2||4.5||-0.1|
|Max. Temperature (°C)||7.9||10.7||15.9||22||26.7||31.1||32.7||32||28.5||23.1||16||10.1|
|Avg. Temperature (°F)||37.2||41.7||50.5||60.6||69.1||77.0||80.1||78.4||72.0||61.0||50.4||41.0|
|Min. Temperature (°F)||28.4||32.2||40.5||49.6||58.3||66.0||69.4||67.3||60.8||48.6||40.1||31.8|
|Max. Temperature (°F)||46.2||51.3||60.6||71.6||80.1||88.0||90.9||89.6||83.3||73.6||60.8||50.2|
|Precipitation / Rainfall (mm)||106||113||133||136||130||95||100||76||97||73||124||132|
The difference in precipitation between the driest month and the wettest month is 63 mm. The variation in temperatures throughout the year is 23.8 °C.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
Here are two striking and (I think) attractive Blechnum hard ferns.
Nigrum is Latin for black. Colenso's hard fern is named after William Colenso – printer, missionary, politician, and naturalist – altogether a very extraordinary person. Biography of William Colenso. The "hard" part of the name comes, I presume, from the texture of the frond; most species are fairly rough and almost leathery.
Both Colenso's hard fern and the black hard fern are found in wet, shaded, and usually cold habitats. The above photographs were taken along the Mangahao Makahike Track near Levin. Although at a relatively low altitude, it nevertheless provides good conditions for these species.
Blechnum is one of the biggest fern genera in New Zealand, with 18 indigenous species. They are easily recognised because almost all have dimorphic (different looking) fertile and sterile fronds. The fertile fronds, which make the spores, have much thinner segments and are black or nearly so. They are also often held up above the sterile fronds.
The following are some of the more common species in New Zealand.


How does an ad trust work?
9
Alessandro Borer asked a question: How does an ad trust work?
Asked By: Alessandro Borer
Date created: Wed, May 5, 2021 8:58 AM
Date updated: Mon, Oct 31, 2022 3:54 PM
Content
Video answer: Understanding adfs an introduction to adfs - configuration and troubleshooting - part 4
Understanding adfs an introduction to adfs - configuration and troubleshooting - part 4
Top best answers to the question «How does an ad trust work»
An AD DS trust is a secured, authentication communication channel between entities, such as AD DS domains, forests, and UNIX realms. Trusts enable you to grant access to resources to users, groups and computers across entities. The way a trust works is similar to allowing a trusted entity to access your own resources.
Video answer: Understanding adfs an introduction to adfs - installation of services - part 3
Understanding adfs an introduction to adfs - installation of services - part 3
8 other answers
A forest trust allows administrators to connect two AD DS forests with a single trust relationship to provide a seamless authentication and authorization experience across the forests. A forest trust can only be created between a forest root domain in one forest and a forest root domain in another forest.
A trust relationship allows one domain to trust objects in another for authentication and for access to resources. For example, if domain A trusts domain B, a user from domain B can access...
Type: Identifies the types of domains involved in trust (s). Transitivity: Determines whether one trust can let a trusted domain pass through to a third domain. Direction: Identifies the direction ...
Within a single forest, all domains trust each other and you can escalate from one compromised domain to all the other, as explained in Sean Metcalf's research on domain trusts. To reiterate: An Active Directory Domain is not a security boundary, an Active Directory forest is.
In order to use AD RMS across organizational and forest boundaries, a level of trust must be established across the organizations or across forests. There are several ways in which this can occur: At the most basic level, Trusted User Domains (TUDs) can help allow AD RMS to process requests from users located across Active Directory forests.
Active Directory (AD) is a database and set of services that connect users with the network resources they need to get their work done. The database (or directory) contains critical information about your environment, including what users and computers there are and who's allowed to do what.
A trust is a legal vehicle that allows a third party, a trustee, to hold and direct assets in a trust fund on behalf of a beneficiary. A trust greatly expands your options when it comes to managing...
A charitable trust is essentially a way to set up your assets to benefit you, your beneficiaries and a charity — all at the same time. A charitable trust could offer many financial advantages for philanthropically minded individuals with nonessential assets, such as stocks or real estate. But how do such trusts work?
Your Answer
Video answer: Creating trust two windows server 2012 domain
Creating trust two windows server 2012 domain


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style hinges for commercial gates
Hinges. What do we know about them?
According to historical scholars, the first hinge dates back to 1600 B.C. and consisted of large stone sockets that acted as pivots to open/close doors. However, the Romans, developed the hinge in such a way, that ordinary people could use them for cabinets, drawers and doors in their own homes. The Romans also placed hinges on their armor for greater mobility. Stronger more powerful hinges were created by the English in the 16th and 17th centuries. These English techniques were brought over to the American colonies and blacksmithing became a popular trade since the need for stronger hardware was growing. In the 1850's Charles Hager, Hager Hardware, developed the wagon wheel and a hinge for wagon doors. The ball bearing hinge was developed in 1899, and the most common hinge, still used today, the butt hinge, in 1900.*


Windows operating systemsLinux operating systemsAIX operating systems
Using the IBM Spectrum Protect web user interface for remote client operations
The IBM Spectrum® Protect backup-archive client provides a web user interface component that you can use to remotely back up or archive data, and to restore or retrieve data that was saved to the IBM Spectrum Protect server.
The IBM Spectrum Protect web user interface can be started and managed independently of web browser software. After you install and configure the web user interface on the workstation (the client workstation) where the backup-archive client is installed, you can log in to the web user interface in a web browser to remotely interact with the backup-archive client. IBM Spectrum Protect administrators can also access the web user interface from the IBM Spectrum Protect Operations Center.
Without console access to the client workstation, an IBM Spectrum Protect administrator can use the web user interface to selectively back up or archive data outside of regularly scheduled backups. The administrator can also restore or retrieve the data remotely in a data recovery situation. The web user interface is primarily used for smaller jobs such as selectively backing up, restoring, archiving, or retrieving files and directories. For larger jobs such as backing up entire file systems by using incremental backups or restoring entire file spaces, use the backup-archive client.
For example, an IBM Spectrum Protect administrator with client access over a client node can be responsible for backing up a client workstation that the administrator does not have physical access to. The administrator can run self-service selective backup and restore operations on this workstation on behalf of the workstation's owner. To fully protect the client workstation, the backup-archive client is configured to run regularly scheduled incremental backups. Full restore operations in a disaster recovery scenario continue to be available with physical access to the client workstation and the backup-archive client command-line interface.
Restrictions:
 - Remote client operations with the web user interface are limited to backing up, restoring, archiving, and retrieving files and folders in a client file system. Backing up network drives or volumes is not supported. To run other types of client operations, use the backup-archive client Java™ GUI or the backup-archive client command-line interface.
 - The web user interface supports only client-to-server communications that use the Transport Layer Security (TLS) or Secure Sockets Layers (SSL) protocols.
 - Some messages that are issued by the IBM Spectrum Protect web user interface in the detailed error information pane contain indeterminate object names because the web user interface cannot obtain the necessary information from the server. For example, if you use the web user interface to retrieve a file from an archive package that was removed from the server after selection but before retrieval completes, you can see the requested objects as placeholders in the error message because the web user interface can no longer obtain the object names on the server as in the following error message that appears in the error information pane:
 ANS1345E No objects on the server match '{0}{1}{2}'


text:
Research Article - Biomedical Research (2017) Volume 28, Issue 15
Changes in the size of breast lesions during menstrual cycle observed by ultrasound: An initial study
Purpose: We aimed to evaluate changes in size of breast lesions during menstrual phases.
Material and Methods: In this prospective study, 46 women aged 18-35 years old who were referred to our radiology clinic for breast sonography and had cystic or solid breast lesions larger than 5 mm were enrolled to the study. Breast ultrasound (US) was performed at two different times; one within 5 days before and one within 5 days after menstrual bleeding. Anteroposterior and transverse length of the lesions were measured.
Results: In total, 145 breast lesions were detected by US. Of these lesions, 6 were visualized in premenstrual phase but were not observed in postmenstrual phase. 6 lesions different were not visualized in premenstrual, but were detected in postmenstrual phase. One hundred and twenty-three lesions were visualized by US both in luteal and follicular phases.
Conclusions: Timing of breast US might cause false results and unnecessary further investigations. Therefore, we suggest that breast US in women should be performed in follicular phase of the menstrual cycle.Author(s): Emine Dagistan, Arzu Canan, Siddika Halicioglu, Zeliha Cosgun, Safiye Gurel

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Fuck a duck
Contents: Meaning | Origin | Spread
What does Fuck a duck mean?
Fuck a duck is a common cuss phrase which conveys anger, disappointment or even in some instances surprise.
The term implies a sense of frustration when something minor goes wrong.
Given this information, "Fuck a duck" is mainly used jokingly, to express dissatisfaction with a certain situation and/or person.
🔥 Other popular slang words 🔥
What's the origin of Fuck a duck?
The first appearance in print of this term was in Henry Miller's novel, the Tropic of Cancer. It inspired entire phrases, such as 'Fuck a duck and give it a buck' or 'Fuck a duck and see what hatches'.
You might even hear the phrase 'I'll fuck a dead duck' which expresses the full extent of the surprise.
Linguistic experts believe that the phrase came from the word duckfucker, the person on board who was taking care of domestic animals.
This phrase entered America, and the world of stoner slangs and, it's now used for annoying idiots.
Spread and Usage
How did Fuck a duck spread?
We couldn't tell exactly where the term came from, or when did it get popular.
But we can be sure that it became well liked, probably because people from a very young age learn to rhyme to associate things with other things more easily.
But these days "Fuck a duck" got more and more popular on different platforms, such as Reddit, Youtube or Urban Dictionary, where the first definition was written in 2004.
External References
Search Interest
Published: 07/31/2020 by | Last updated: 07/31/2020 | 697 views | Report error
What do you think? Any additions friend?


text:
Industrial warm forging of steel is carried
out at temperatures ranging from 650 to 950 degrees centigrade.
Conventional state-of-the-art methods have involved the application
of graphite mineral oil-based die lubricants. However, a high amount
of waste is produced through the use of these materials, resulting
in very high disposal costs and an unpleasant working environment.
The aim of this project was to develop of environmentally
acceptable lubricating systems for warm forging. The partners developed
mineral oil-free slug coatings and die lubricants displaying excellent
lubricating properties which can be used over the complete warm
forging temperature range.
The new products have been shown to increase
tool life by 30 to 50 % under industrial conditions. Further tests
concerning chemical and toxicological properties and environmental
effects with respect to emissions, waste water and other waste products
all confirm the superiority of the new lubricants.
Partners have already launched new products
on the market and at least one end user has attributed an important
increase in turnover and employment to the results of this Brite


text:
Who is Competent to Contract? State the Position of Contracts with a Minor.
According to Section 11 of the Indian Contract Act, 1872, Every person is competent to contract who is of the age of majority according to the law to which he is subject, and who is of sound mind, and is not disqualified from contracting by any law to which he is subject. The three tests namely, age, soundness and disqualification need to be applied to determine whether a person is competent to contract or not. This is further summarized as follows:
According to Section 3 of the Indian Majority Act, a person is deemed to have attained majority (a) when he completes 18 years or (b) where a guardian of person or property or both has been appointed by a Court of Law,(or where his property has passed under the superintendence of the Court of Wards), lie attains majority on completion of 21 years, According to Section 12 of the Indian Contract Act, A person is said to be of sound mind for the purpose of making a contract, if at the time when he makes it, is capable
- To understand the terms of the contract,
- To form a rational judgement as to its effect upon his interests.
A person may be disqualified from contracting if a person is not capable of both of the above is said to have suffered from unsoundness of mind. Some of the examples of persons having an unsound mind include the following:
- Idiots: A person who is permanently of unsound mind.
- Lunatic: A person who is mentally deranged due to some mental strain or other personal experience but who has some lucid intervals of sound mind.
- Drunken Persons: A sane person who is delirious from fever or who is so drunk that he cannot understand the terms of contract or form a rational judgement as to its effects on his interest.
Position of Agreements with a Minor:
As mentioned above, a minor is not competent to contract therefore, the law acts as the guardian of minors and protects their rights because they are not mature and may not posses the capacity to judge what is good and what is bad for them. Therefore, a minor is not liable for any promises made by him under an agreement.
A contract with or by a minor is absolutely void and the minor therefore cannot bind himself by a contract. It was held by The Privy Council that a minor's agreement is altogether void in the case of Mohan v. Rajkumar. Where Rajkumara minor borrowed from by executing a mortgage of his property in favor of Mohan.
Later on, Rajkumar sued for settling aside the mortgage. According to Section 10 and 11 of the Indian Contract Act it was held that the minor's agreement void and therefore the mortgage were not valid. It was held that the money advanced to minor cannot be recovered because minor's agreement was void.
Fraudulent representation by a minor:
According to Section 30 and 33 of the Specific Relief Act, 1963, in case of a fraudulent misrepresentation of his age by the minor inducing the other party to he enter into a contract, the court may provide for the compensation to the other party. As in the case of Khan v. Singh, it was held by the Lahore High Court that, where the contract is set aside, the status quo ante should be restored and the court may direct the minor on equitable grounds restore the money or the property to the other party if the money or property could be traced.
Ratification of a contract by a minor on attaining the age of majority:
A minor's agreement is void-ab-initio therefore, an agreement with a minor cannot be ratified even after he attains majority. In the case of Ramgopal v. Sudhire, it was held that a person gave a promissory note in satisfaction of one executed by him for money borrowed when he was a minor. It was held by the court that the claim under the promissory note could note be enforced because there was no consideration.
Minor's contract jointly with a major person:
The agreement made by a minor jointly with a major person is treated as a void contract vis-a-vis a minor however, which can be enforced against the major person who has jointly promised to perform.
Minor as a partner:
A minor cannot become a partner in a partnership firm. According to Section 30 of the Indian Partnership Act 1932, a minor may with the consent of all the partners for the time being, admitted to the benefits of the partnership. It can also be added that, he can share the profits without incurring any personal liability for losses.
Minor as an agent:
A minor can act as an agent and bind his principal by his acts without incurring any personal liability.
Minor as a shareholder:
As per the provisions of the Indian Contract Act and the Privy Council's decision, a minor cannot become a member of the company. However, a minor can become a shareholder or member of a Company if (a) the shares are fully paid up and (b) the articles of association do not prohibit so.
Minor as an insolvent:
A minor cannot be declared insolvent because he is incapable of contracting debts, that is, he is not competent to contract.


text:
If you've ever been to a Chinese restaurant, you've most likely received a fortune cookie at the end of your meal. You've also probably wondered how they managed to get that tiny slip of paper into a hard, closed cookie.
Should you not have seen a fortune cookie, let me describe one for you. They are small, hard golden cookies that can fit into the palm of your hand. But there's one thing that makes them unique: they're folded into a butterfly shape to create a pocket holding a ½" x 2" paper "fortune."
Fortune cookies often come at the end of a meal in a Chinese, and sometimes Japanese, restaurant. Traditionally, the fortunes were Confucian phrases about life (Confucius was a famous Chinese philosopher from the 6th century BC—over 2500 years ago!). Nowadays, the fortunes inside the cookies contain just about everything from quotes to advice. Some companies even let you write your own fortunes! Often, they are written in both English and Chinese, and may have lottery numbers and smiley faces on them.
Before we get to how fortune cookies are made, let's try to find out where they originated. The history of fortune cookies is a little murky. Some think that modern-day fortune cookies were inspired by 14th century Chinese rebels against Mongol invaders. Legend says that a Taoist priest and his followers sent messages hidden inside of traditional Chinese moon cakes (Chinese pastries stuffed with lotus seed paste) to inform rebels about potential uprisings against the invaders. Others believe that the fortune cookies have Japanese roots in traditional tsujiura senbei (rice cakes with paper fortunes stuffed inside), made at the Hyotanyama Inari shrine in the 19th century. Another group of fortune cookie enthusiasts thinks that the idea started around the same time, but in this instance by Chinese railroad workers in America who would hand out cakes stuffed with holiday wishes.
The invention of fortune cookies as we know them today is just as difficult to pin down. Most people nowadays believe that fortune cookies were created by a Japanese man named Makoto Hagiwara in 1914 in San Francisco. Hagiwara owned what is now called the Golden Gate Park Japanese Tea Garden, where he served tea and fortune cookies. However, many still hold to the popular belief that fortune cookies were invented by a Chinese-American named David (Tsung) Jung, who owned the Hong Kong Noodle Company in Los Angeles. He claimed to have stuffed the cookies with passages from the Bible and handed them out to unemployed men near his bakery in 1918. In 1983, the debate between the two confectioners came to a head in the Court of Historical Review in San Francisco when their dispute was decided by Judge Daniel M. Hanlon, in favor of Hagiwara.
So, just how did these two gentlemen manage to get fortunes inside their cookies? Well, the process is actually very simple, and relies on the basic chemistry of a common ingredient—sugar. The batter for fortune cookies is usually composed of sugar, flour, water and eggs. When warm, the dough is flexible and can be molded into many shapes. When the baked dough cools though, the sugar hardens into a crispy, shiny cookie. Originally, bakers would mix the dough, pour it out into 3" circles, bake them, quickly place a fortune in the middle and use chopsticks to fold them into the familiar shape before they cooled.
In 1974 fortune cookie manufacturing changed forever. Edward Louie, the owner of the Lotus Fortune Cookie Company in San Francisco, invented a machine that could insert the fortune and fold the cookie. In 1980 Yong Lee created the first fully automated fortune cookie machine, called the Fortune III. Modern machines follow the same steps of handmade fortune cookies: they mix ingredients, pour batter into 3" cups which are then covered with metal plates to keep the batter flat and bake for about 3 ½ minutes. Vacuums then suck fortunes into place, use metal fingers to fold the fortune in half to trap the fortune inside, bend the cookie into shape, and cool and package the final cookie. Now fortune cookie machines like the Kitamura FCM-8006W can make up to 8,000 cookies in an hour!
Fortune cookies are a prominent part of Asian-American cuisine and have filtered into popular culture as well. People create customized fortune cookies to send funny messages to friends and family—and sometimes to even propose marriage to a loved one! They are even used in advertising campaigns for corporations. Even though popular belief says otherwise, modern fortune cookies are as American as baseball and apple pie.
- Fortune cookies in The Oxford companion to American food and drink. Edited by Andrew F. Smith. Oxford, New York, Oxford University Press, 2007. p. 233.
- Lazarus, David. Changing fortunes. The San Francisco chronicle, Aug. 7, 1999: p. B1 and B8.
- Lazarus, David. Unfolding the origin of a confection. The San Francisco chronicle, Aug. 7, 1999: p. B8.
- Lee, Jennifer 8. The fortune cookie chronicles: adventures in the world of Chinese food. New York, NY, Twelve, 2008. 307 p.
- Moore, Scott. Now you know column. Smart cookie. The Washington post. March 14, 2003: p. C12.
- Sugars in The Science of bakery products. Edited by W.P, Edwards. Cambridge, Eng., Royal Society of Chemistry, 2007. pp. 215-216.
- Tompkins, Joshua. Who invented the fortune cookie? American Heritage, v. 56, Feb./Mar. 2005: 14-15.
- United States Patent _PHONE_: Apparatus for making a food product -
Patent for Edward Louie's original fortune cookie machine
- United States Patent _PHONE_: Fortune cookie machine
Patent for Yong Lee's popular fortune cookie machine.
more print resources...
Search on "baked products," "baking," "Chinese restaurants," "Chinese American social life and customs," "cookery Chinese," "cookery Japanese," "food in popular culture," "food habits," "fortune cookies," "Japanese Americans social life and customs,"
in the Library of Congress Online
A fortune cookie. Photo courtesy of Colin Robertson.
Fortune cookies, wrapped and ready to go! Photo courtesy of Steven G. de
A fortune cookie broken open to reveal the message. Photo courtesy of Colin Robertson.
Golden Gate Fortune Cookie Company. Photo courtesy of biskuit.
Close up of the finished cookies. Photo courtesy of biskuit.
Japanese Tea Garden, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, Calif. Prints & Photographs Division, Library of Congress.
New Year's feast. Chinatown, New York City Jan. 26, 1906. Prints & Photographs Division, Library of Congress.
Aa hostess at the Japanese Tea Garden in Golden Gate Park offers a cookie to a squirrel. From the San Francisco Historical Photograph Collection
Japanese woodcut print showing several women and a waitress in the Miyamoto shop. Prints & Photographs Division, Library of Congress.


text:
- Defined in:
The types of stances an exploit can take, such as passive or aggressive. Stances indicate whether or not the exploit triggers the exploit without waiting for one or more conditions to be met (aggressive) or whether it must wait for certain conditions to be satisfied before the exploit can be initiated (passive)
Constant Summary collapse
- Aggressive =
Used to indicate that an exploit takes an aggressive stance. This means that the exploit proactively triggers a vulnerability.
- Passive =
Used to indicate that an exploit takes a passive stance. This means that the exploit waits for interaction from a client or other entity before being able to trigger the vulnerability.


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I'm trying to calculate the zoom percentage from a projection matrix. The following code works as long as the image isn't rotated:
void UpdateZoomPercent()
{
 var zoom = _projMatrix.M11 * glControl.Width / 2; // M11 is the top left value
 lblZoomPercent.Text = (zoom * 100).ToString("G3") + "%";
}
Essentially it just takes the X scale and then multiplies it out to the viewport. X an Y will always be scaled proportionally, so I don't need to look at Y. My scene is 2D.
How do I factor in rotation?
share|improve this question
up vote 2 down vote accepted
Consider a matrix of real values forming base of a cartesian coordinate system. Each column represents a base vector. In the case of a isometric zoom, all base vectors have the same length. Let C(M,n) denote the n-th column vector of matrix M, i.e. C(M,n) = M_n,j, then for a isometric zoom it would be len(C(M,0)) = len(C(M,1)) = len(C(M,…)), where len(v) = sqrt(v·v)
In the case of anisometric scaling the length of the base vectors would differ, which is what you can use to detect this situation.
In computer graphics the matrices you encounter are homogenous to allow for a single matrix to represent all possible transformations within the space they represent. Homogenous matrices have N+1 rows and columns, where N is the number of dimensions of the coordinate space represented by them. By convention (at least in all popular computer graphics software) the upper left part (i.e. M_i,j where i and j in 1…N, 1-based index) form the base vectors, while the Nth column and row form the homogenous part.
So in case of OpenGL you'd look at the upper left 3×3 submatrix as coordinate base vectors. And since OpenGL indexes column major order you don't have to reorder what's retrieved from OpenGL.
share|improve this answer

I know about the "W" dimension, but I'm not quite sure what to do with the left-upper 3x3 submatrix (or 2x2, since we're working in 2D). M(0,0) and M(1,1) are used for both scaling and rotation, and I don't know how to to factor the rotation back out. – mpen Mar 10 '13 at 0:10
2
@Mark: You don't have to "factor out" the rotation. Just calculate the length of the submatrix's column vectors, which is the scaling factor. – datenwolf Mar 10 '13 at 0:40

Oh! I guess I wasn't following along. That works perfectly, thank you :-) – mpen Mar 10 '13 at 7:16
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text:
Brainshark, Inc., delivering SaaS-based sales enablement and readiness solutions, today announced powerful enhancements to its sales coaching technology. Chief among them is a Practice Field for sellers – increasing sellers' confidence and competence, so they can master key messages.
Recognized with gold-level Stevie® Awards in The International Business Awards® for the past three years, Brainshark's sales coaching software helps organizations improve rep readiness through video-based practice, reinforcement, and assessments. Coaches and managers use Brainshark to issue assignments to their reps (e.g., "Show how you'd pitch this new product to this persona"), and reps record themselves – submitting a video through the system for review.
Now, with the new coaching Practice Field, sales reps can:
- Practice their messages and skills in a safe environment, with video "takes" automatically saved. Reps can preview and delete these takes, as needed.
- Share their practice videos with peers for feedback.
- Submit their best work for review by coaches/managers. Submitted videos can also be processed by Brainshark's artificial intelligence (AI)-powered Machine Analysis engine – generating rapid, automated insights about reps' ability to stay on-message, emotions and personality traits exuded, and more.
"When it comes to learning, as the saying goes, 'Practice makes perfect,'" said Brendan Cournoyer, vice president of marketing, Brainshark. "It's important that reps get that practice in a safe environment – so they're comfortable trying new things, and primed to learn and improve. With our new coaching Practice Field, reps can more easily hone their pitches and skills before demonstrating them to a manager or having a live customer interaction, when the stakes are higher. These new capabilities are yet another reflection of Brainshark's commitment to helping companies drive perpetual sales readiness and close more deals."
Additional Coaching and Learning Enhancements
Brainshark is also unveiling other capabilities and enhancements to its sales coaching and learning software. These include:
- Coaching: Timestamped Feedback. When providing feedback on a video submission through Brainshark's coaching platform, reviewers can now indicate specific moments by entering a time format (e.g., 1:34 or 1m 34s). Brainshark converts the timestamps to a clickable link, which jumps to that exact moment in the video – so sellers can instantly see the areas their coaches want them to focus on.
- Training/Learning: Course Completion Import. Users of Brainshark's formal training and continuous learning solutions can now upload reps' course-completion information for training events that occur outside of Brainshark (such as instructor-led training or webinars). This gives managers more flexibility to create broader learning paths, and enables them to save time by tracking course completion information within their existing workflow.
- Product Suggestions Forum. With Brainshark's updated Product Suggestions Forum, users can view, submit and vote on product improvements. This forum provides visibility into customer and employee suggestions, and enables users to more greatly influence Brainshark's product roadmap.


Published on: September 12, 2008
Despite maintaining his innocence for more than 50 years, a tried and convicted Commie spy has finally confessed his guilt at age 91!
In 1951, Martin Sobell was arrested along with Julius and Ethel Rosenberg on charges of espionage. The trio was charged with selling US atomic secrets to then USSR.
Sobell served more than 18 years on The Rock - Alcatrazand other federal pens and after his release in 1969 became a progressive cause advocate.
Now, Sobell, 91 told The New York Times that he was indeed a Soviet spy and so was co-defendant Julius Rosenberg who he implicated in a conspiracy to deliver to the Soviets highly classified military and industrial secrets in the manufacture of atomic weaponry.
Historians have long speculated on the involvement of Rosenberg's wife - Ethel - spy or not?
"She knew what he was doing but what was she guilty of?" Sobell said. "Of being Julius's wife."
After President Dwight D. Eisenhower denied a clemency plea, The Rosenbergs were executed in the electric chair at Sing Sing in 1953.
Sobell claimed what he leaked to the Soviets was nothing but low level documents not key atomic secrets.
"What I did was simply defensive, an aircraft gun," he said. "This was defensive."
One device, according to The Times, was the SCR 584 radar, believed by military experts to have been deployed against American airmen in both Korea and Vietnam.
Thanks a lot, Marty.
(pictured: Julius Rosenberg)


Leave no Trace: Learning to Reset for Safe and Autonomous Reinforcement LearningDownload PDF
15 Feb 2018 (modified: 23 Feb 2018)ICLR 2018 Conference Blind SubmissionReaders: Everyone
Abstract: Deep reinforcement learning algorithms can learn complex behavioral skills, but real-world application of these methods requires a considerable amount of experience to be collected by the agent. In practical settings, such as robotics, this involves repeatedly attempting a task, resetting the environment between each attempt. However, not all tasks are easily or automatically reversible. In practice, this learning process requires considerable human intervention. In this work, we propose an autonomous method for safe and efficient reinforcement learning that simultaneously learns a forward and backward policy, with the backward policy resetting the environment for a subsequent attempt. By learning a value function for the backward policy, we can automatically determine when the forward policy is about to enter a non-reversible state, providing for uncertainty-aware safety aborts. Our experiments illustrate that proper use of the backward policy can greatly reduce the number of manual resets required to learn a task and can reduce the number of unsafe actions that lead to non-reversible states.
TL;DR: We propose an autonomous method for safe and efficient reinforcement learning that simultaneously learns a forward and backward policy, with the backward policy resetting the environment for a subsequent attempt.
Keywords: manual reset, continual learning, reinforcement learning, safety
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text:
How to download your pictures from Instagram
For my first blog post, I will be posting a small trick that will enable Instagram users to download images from a desktop browser.
For this tutorial, I will use my own Instagram account to save a picture from the website. To open your Instagram account on a desktop browser, simply add your corresponding URL which looks like _URL_
Make sure you replace your username appropriately in the above URL to access your instagram account on a desktop browser. For those who configured their Instagram account to private, you will need to sign in to see your pictures.
Once loaded, you will see a collection of your posts which looks similar like the image below.
To view the image or video you wish to download, simply click on the image. The post will pop up as shown below.
I clicked on the first image and the image popped up larger in size. At this stage, some people make a screenshot and use picture editing tools such as Paint to get the image. Well, this does not enable you to get the image with the original resolutions.
One way to get download the image with original resolution is to perform the following:
Once you finish the above steps, you will see some lines of code. From here, it will take you seconds to download the image.
The highlighted lines of codes will give you direct access to the image where you can easily download it. Just copy the codes and paste them in a text editor.
To copy the codes, double-click on the highlighted text and press the keyboard shortcut Ctrl + C to copy.
After you paste it in a text editor like notepad, notepad++ or word, you will now remove unnecessary characters. This is explained furthur below.
The codes look as follows:
Perform the following steps:
That's it. Copy the link and paste it on the address bar. Just right-click and save your desired image to your desktop computer.
Hope you liked it. Feel free to share and follow me on my Instagram account.


Prototype built-in | SuperOffice Community
Prototype built-in
In this article
 Prepare the central database Prototype In order to use SuperOffice CRM 7 without being connected to the network, associates must first perform a local update to transfer information from the central database to a local database.
 The local update is based on an update prototype, which is a copy of the central database and contains the same information that the central database contained when the update prototype was generated. It is much quicker and more efficient to copy a single file than to copy data from a complex database (by a factor of 50 or more). With the prototype as an intermediary, the local update is performed more rapidly.
 To generate an update prototype from the Maintenance Client:
 1. Open the Replication screen in the Maintenance Client.
 2. Click the Generate prototype button on the right of the screen.
 Note: If you are using Area Management, there will be a dialog box allowing you to choose the area required.
 3. A dialog box opens, asking you to confirm that you want to start prototype generation. Choose OK.
 The generation is started. A message box displays the progress of the task.
 Note: The update prototype is saved centrally to the SO_ARC\TEMPLATE\TRAVEL folder, with the name TravelAREA0.DB if you are using a built-in database, or AREA0.DB if you are using a Sybase database, so that all Travel users use the same prototype. The MSDE database files is located in the ProtoServerPath folder. While a prototype is being generated, no-one will be able to activate the Travel function.
 4. Once the task has completed, the status message box closes and you are returned to the Replication screen. The prototype is now ready for use.
 At any stage after an update prototype has been generated, each individual user will be able to perform a local update to transfer information from the central database to his or her own local database.
 Note - You may use different kinds of travel databases on the different areas, but you need to use a supported travel database type.


text:
We present a 3D computational imaging system based on a mode-mixing cavity at microwave frequencies. The core component of this system is an electrically large rectangular cavity with one corner re-shaped to catalyze mode mixing, often called a Sinai Billiard. The front side of the cavity is perforated with a grid of periodic apertures that sample the cavity modes and project them into the imaging scene. The radiated fields are scattered by the scene and are measured by low gain probe antennas. The complex radiation patterns generated by the cavity thus encode the scene information onto a set of frequency modes. Assuming the first Born approximation for scattering dynamics, the received signal is processed using computational methods to reconstruct a 3D image of the scene with resolution determined by the diffraction limit. The proposed mode-mixing cavity is simple to fabricate, exhibits low losses, and can generate highly diverse measurement modes. The imaging system demonstrated in this letter can find application in security screening and medical diagnostic imaging.
|Original language||English (US)|
|Journal||Applied Physics Letters|
|State||Published - May 11 2015|
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous)


Editor add-on authorization
In most cases, you must authorize an add-on before you can use it. For many Apps Script projects such as web apps, authorization is straightforward—the script project asks for any missing permissions it needs when you attempt to use it. Once authorized, you can use the script project freely. Everyone using the script project authorizes it separately.
The authorization model for editor add-ons is more complex. Because these add-ons function on files residing in Google Drive—files that can be shared with others—you must build editor add-ons with the different authorization modes in mind. The G Suite editor applications also provide an Add-ons menu in their UIs which is populated by the add-ons you've installed—even if you haven't authorized those add-ons yet. This adds some additional complexity to the authorization model.
Authorization model
Two properties of editor add-ons make them especially easy to share and use:
 - Once you get an editor add-on from the store, you see it in the Add-ons menu for every document you open or create. Collaborators on those documents won't see the add-on except in documents where you actually use it.
 - Once you use an editor add-on in a document, your collaborators also see it in the Add-ons menu, but just for that document (unless they have also installed that add-on).
This sharing model feels natural for most users. However, because an editor add-on automatically runs its onOpen(e) function to add menu items when a document opens, the behavior above adds some complexity to Apps Script's authorization rules. After all, users wouldn't be comfortable with an add-on accessing personal data every time they open a document. This guide should help you understand what your code can do and when.
Installed versus enabled
If you see an editor add-on in the menu, it's in one (or both) of two states: installed and enabled. An editor add-on is installed for a particular user after he or she chooses the add-on in the store and authorizes it to access their Google data. By contrast, an add-on is enabled in a given document when anyone uses it there. If two people collaborate on a document, and one of them uses an add-on, it is installed for the one user and enabled for the document.
The table below summarizes the two states. Note that when testing a script as an add-on you can choose to run the test in either or both of these states.
Installed Enabled
Applies to User Document
Caused by Getting an add-on from the store Getting an add-on from the store while using that document, or
Using a previously installed add-on in that document
Menu visible to Only that user, in all documents they open or create All collaborators on that document
onOpen(e) runs in AuthMode.NONE (unless also enabled, in which case AuthMode.LIMITED) AuthMode.LIMITED
Authorization modes
An editor add-on automatically runs its onOpen(e) function to add menu items when a document opens—but to protect users' data, Apps Script restricts what the onOpen(e) function can do. If the add-on hasn't been used in the current document, these restrictions become more severe.
Specifically, the installed and enabled states determine which authorization mode the onOpen(e) function runs in. Apps Script passes the authorization mode as the authMode property of the Apps Script event parameter, e; the value of e.authMode corresponds to a constant in the Apps Script ScriptApp.AuthMode enum.
If an editor add-on is enabled in the current document, onOpen(e) runs in AuthMode.LIMITED. If the add-on is not enabled and is only installed, onOpen(e) runs in AuthMode.NONE.
The concept of authorization modes applies to all Apps Script executions—such as running from the script editor, from a menu item, or from an Apps Script google.script.run call—although the e.authMode property can only be inspected if the script runs as the result of a trigger like onOpen(e), onEdit(e) or onInstall(e). Custom functions in Google Sheets use their own authorization mode, AuthMode.CUSTOM_FUNCTION, which is similar to LIMITED but has slightly different restrictions. The rest of the time, scripts run in AuthMode.FULL, as detailed in the table below.
NONE LIMITED CUSTOM_FUNCTION FULL
Occurs for onOpen(e) (if the user has installed an add-on but not enabled it in the document) onOpen(e) (all other times)
onEdit(e) (only in Sheets)
Custom functions All other times, including:
installable triggers
onInstall(e)
google.script.run
Access to user data Locale only Locale only Locale only Yes
Access to document No Yes Yes — read-only Yes
Access to user interface Add menu items Add menu items No Yes
Access to Properties No Yes Yes Yes
Access to Jdbc, UrlFetch No No Yes Yes
Other services Logger
Utilities
Any services that don't access user data Any services that don't access user data All services
The complete lifecycle
If an add-on is either installed for the current user or enabled in the current document, the add-on is loaded in the document, which causes it to appear in the Add-ons menu and start listening for the simple triggers onInstall(e), onOpen(e), and onEdit(e). If a user clicks one of the add-on's menu items, it runs.
Installing
When an editor add-on is installed from the store, its onInstall(e) function runs in AuthMode.FULL. This allows the add-on to run a complex setup routine, but it's important to also use onInstall(e) to create menu items, since the document is already open and thus your onOpen(e) function hasn't run. For convenience, you can just call onOpen(e) from onInstall(e), as shown in this sample:
function onInstall(e) {
 onOpen(e);
 // Perform additional setup as needed.
}
Opening
When a document opens, it loads every editor add-on that the current user has installed or that any collaborator has enabled in the document, and calls each of their onOpen(e) functions. The authorization mode that onOpen(e) runs in depends on whether an add-on is installed or enabled.
If an add-on only creates a basic menu, the mode doesn't matter. This sample shows what a simple onOpen(e) might look like:
function onOpen(e) {
 SpreadsheetApp.getUi().createAddonMenu() // Or DocumentApp.
 .addItem('Insert chart', 'insertChart')
 .addItem('Update charts', 'updateCharts')
 .addToUi();
}
However, if you want to add dynamic menu items based on stored Apps Script properties, read the contents of the current document, or perform other advanced tasks, you need to detect the authorization mode and handle it appropriately. This sample shows what an advanced onOpen(e) function might look like, changing its behavior based on the authorization mode:
function onOpen(e) {
 var menu = SpreadsheetApp.getUi().createAddonMenu(); // Or DocumentApp.
 if (e && e.authMode == ScriptApp.AuthMode.NONE) {
 // Add a normal menu item (works in all authorization modes).
 menu.addItem('Start workflow', 'startWorkflow');
 } else {
 // Add a menu item based on properties (doesn't work in AuthMode.NONE).
 var properties = PropertiesService.getDocumentProperties();
 var workflowStarted = properties.getProperty('workflowStarted');
 if (workflowStarted) {
 menu.addItem('Check workflow status', 'checkWorkflow');
 } else {
 menu.addItem('Start workflow', 'startWorkflow');
 }
 }
 menu.addToUi();
}
Running
When someone clicks one of an add-on's menu items, Apps Script first checks to see whether the user has installed the add-on, and prompts them to do so if not. If the user has authorized the add-on, the script runs the function that corresponds to the menu item in AuthMode.FULL. The add-on also becomes enabled in the document if it wasn't already.


text:
Birth Name: John Alexander McGeoch
Place Of Birth: Scotland
Date Of Death: March 4, 2004
Cause Of Death: N/A
John McGeoch was born on the 25th of August, 1955. He was known for being a Guitarist. Scottish guitarist and member of many post-punk bands like Magazine, Siouxsie and the Banshees, and Visage.
John McGeoch was born in Scotland. He received his first guitar when he was twelve years old. His first band was called Slugband.
John McGeoch was a Virgo and was born in the Baby Boomers Generation.
John McGeoch was born in 1950s. The 1950s is often viewed as "baby boom" and a period of conformity, when young and old alike followed group norms rather than striking out on their own. The 50s were also the beginning of the Space Race, Cold War and the Civil Rights Movement. Discover what happened on this day.
John Alexander McGeoch is part of the Baby boomers generation. Also known as "boomers", are the result of the end of World War II, when birth rates across the world spiked. They are associated with a rejection of traditional values. These hippie kids protested against the Vietnam War and participated in the civil rights movement.
John's education details are not available at this time. Please check back soon for updates.
John McGeoch's mother's name is unknown at this time and his father's name is under review. We will continue to update information on John McGeoch's parents.
Like many famous people and celebrities, John McGeoch kept his personal life private. Once more details are available, we will update this section.
John McGeoch was born in the Year of the Goat.
|REAL NAME:||John Alexander McGeoch|
|AGE GENERATION:||Baby Boomers Generation|
Zodiac Sign: John McGeoch was a Virgo. People of this zodiac sign like animals, healthy food, nature, cleanliness, and dislike rudeness and asking for help. The strengths of this sign are being loyal, analytical, kind, hardworking, practical, while weaknesses can be shyness, overly critical of self and others, all work and no play. The greatest overall compatibility with Virgo is Pisces and Cancer.
Chinese Zodiac: John McGeoch was born in the Year of the Ox. People born under this sign enjoy being alone with their thoughts. They're creative thinkers, economic, cautitous and appreciate the arts, they can also be indecisive.
Ruling Planet: John McGeoch had a ruling planet of Mercury and has a ruling planet of Mercury and by astrological associations Wednesday is ruled by Mercury. In Astrology, Mercury is the planet that rules our mindset. People who are born with Mercury as the ruling planet have communication skills, intellect and cleverness.
John McGeoch's birth sign is Virgo and he had a ruling planet of Mercury.
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Fact Check: We strive for accuracy and fairness. If you see something that doesn't look right, contact us. This page is updated often with new details about John McGeoch. Bookmark this page and come back often for updates.


Automated classification of bees and hornet using acoustic analysis of their flight sounds
Publication Type:Journal Article
Year of Publication:2019
Authors:Kawakita, Ichikawa
Journal:Apidologie
Date Published:Jul-01-2019
ISSN:0044-8435
Keywords:acoustic analysis, Hymenoptera, machine learning, species classification
Abstract:
To investigate how to accurately identify bee species using their sounds, we conducted acoustic analysis to identify three pollinating bee species (Apis mellifera, Bombus ardens, Tetralonia nipponensis) and a hornet (Vespa simillima xanthoptera) by their flight sounds. Sounds of the insects and their environment (background noises and birdsong) were recorded in the field. The use of fundamental frequency and mel-frequency cepstral coefficients to describe feature values of the sounds, and supported vector machines to classify the sounds, correctly distinguished sound samples from environmental sounds with high recalls and precision (0.96–1.00). At the species level, our approach could classify the insect species with relatively high recalls and precisions (0.7–1.0). The flight sounds of V.s. xanthoptera, in particular, were perfectly identified (precision and recall 1.0). Our results suggest that insect flight sounds are potentially useful for detecting bees and quantifying their activity.
URL:_URL_
DOI:10.1007/s13592-_PHONE_-6
Short Title:Apidologie
BioAcoustica ID:
Scratchpads developed and conceived by (alphabetical): Ed Baker, Katherine Bouton Alice Heaton Dimitris Koureas, Laurence Livermore, Dave Roberts, Simon Rycroft, Ben Scott, Vince Smith


text:
In this paper, we discuss the development of a generic suite of simulation models that can be parameterised to show the performance of general hospitals in England with respect to waiting times. The models can be parameterised to suit particular hospitals using both nationally available data and data collected at each hospital. The models are intended to allow hospital managers to experiment with different approaches to performance improvement and also regulators to assess the likely performance of hospitals. The aim is to add quantitative insights to the qualitative debate in which policy is often formed
To submit an update or takedown request for this paper, please submit an Update/Correction/Removal Request.


to leave at 0m/s
Script Time
../_images/MissionList_ScriptTime.png
Lua script runs for the specified time after which it will move onto the next command. "command", "arg1" and "arg2" arguments are interpreted by the script. The demonstration below used this SCRIPT_TIME command to execute the "fast descent" script from within Auto mode.
Do-Set-ROI
../_images/MissionList_DoSetRoi.jpg
Points the nose of the vehicle or camera gimbal at the "region of interest". In the example above the nose or camera would be pointed at the red marker.
The nose will continue to point at the red marker until the end of the mission OR "clear" the do-set-roi and cause the vehicle to return to its default behaviour (i.e. pointing at the next waypoint) by adding a second DO_SET_ROI command later in the mission with all zero for Lat, Lon, and Alt.
Lat, Lon - the latitude and longitude targets.
Alt - the target altitude above home in meters.
Condition-Delay
../_images/MissionList_ConditionDelay.png
Delays the start of the next "Do" command for the specified number of seconds. In the example above, Command #4 (Do-Set-Roi) is delayed so that it only starts 5 seconds after the vehicle has passed Waypoint #2. Note: this command does not stop the vehicle. Also note that the delay timer is only active until the next waypoint is reached, so if the "Do" command hasn't been triggered by then it never will be.
Time (sec) - the time to delay the next "Do" command in seconds.
Condition-Distance
../_images/MissionList_ConditionDistance.png
Delays the start of the next "Do" command until the vehicle is within the specified number of meters of the next waypoint. In the example above, Command #4 (Do-Set-Roi) is delayed so that it only starts once the vehicle is within 50m of waypoint #5. Note: this command does not cause the vehicle to stop or pause during the mission, it only affects "Do" commands.
Dist (m) - how close the vehicle should be to the next waypoint (in meters) before beginning the next "Do" command.
Condition-Yaw
../_images/MissionList_ConditionYaw.png
Point the nose of the vehicle to the specified heading by a specified amount.
Deg - the desired heading in degrees (0 = North, 90 = East, etc) when "rel/abs" field is "0" (meaning absolute)
OR the change in heading (in degrees) when "rel/abs" field is "1" (meaning relative)
Speed deg/s - the rotation speed (in deg/sec) as the vehicle turns to the desired heading
Dir 1=CW - Used to denote the direction of rotation to achieve the target angle (1=CW, -1=CCW, 0= the vehicle will always turn in direction that most quickly gets it to the new target heading, but only when "rel/abs" = "0",).
rel/abs (0=Abs, 1=Rel) - allows specifying the heading (i.e "Deg" field) as an absolute heading (if "0") or relative to the current heading (if "1")
Do-Jump
../_images/MissionList_DoJump.png
Jump to the specified mission command the specified number of times before continuing with the mission. In the example above the vehicle would fly back-and-forth between waypoints #1 and #2 a total of 3 times before flying on to waypoint #4.
WP # - the mission command to jump to.
Repeat - the maximum number of times we should perform the jump. -1 means always jump
Despite the name, Do-Jump is really a "Nav" command rather than a "Do" command, so conditional commands like CONDITION_DELAY won't affect Do-Jump, it will always perform the jump as soon as it hits that command.
Warning
No more that one hundred (100) Do-Jump commands can be used in a mission. This value is further reduced to fifteen (15) Do-Jump commands for boards with less than 500kb of ram. Subsequent Do-Jumps will be ignored.
Do-Aux-Function
../_images/mission-list-do-aux-function.png
Allows any auxiliary function to be executed from within a mission without setting up an auxiliary switch. The "AuxFunction" field should be set to the "RCx_OPTION value" from the linked page. The "Switch" fields corresponds to the auxiliary function switch position with "0" meaning "low", "1" meaning "middle" and "2" meaning high.
Do-Change-Speed
../_images/MissionList_DoChangeSpeed.png
Change the desired maximum speed (in meters/sec) of the vehicle. Normally the "Type" field is left at 0 meaning the horizontal speed is set.
Type - 0:ground speed, 1:airspeed(if available) 2:climb rate, 3:descent rate
Speed m/s - the desired maximum speed in meters/second.
Do-Set-Home
../_images/MissionList_DoSetHome.png
This command should be avoided if possible and instead use Rally Points which can also control the position used for Return-To-Launch.
Current(1)/Spec(0) - if "1" use the current location as the new home, if "0" use the specified Lat and Lon coordinate (not labelled yet!)
Lat, Lon - the latitude and longitude targets.
Do-Set-Cam-Trigg-Dist
../_images/MissionList_DoSetCamTriggDist.png
Trigger the camera shutter at regular distance intervals. For example the command above will cause the camera shutter to trigger after every 5m that the vehicle travels.
Dist (m) - distance interval in meters.
To stop the camera from triggering, add a DO_SET_CAM_TRIGG_DIST later in the mission with Dist = 0
Do-Set-Relay
../_images/MissionList_DoSetRelay.png
Set a Relay pin's voltage high or low. The columns are mislabeled in the Mission Planner (issue here).
First column is Relay number : 0 = First Relay, 1 = Second Relay
Second column is On/Off : 0 = Off (i.e. 0V), 1 = On (i.e. 3.3V on most autopilots)
Do-Repeat-Relay
../_images/MissionList_DoRepeatRelay.png
Toggle the Relay pin's voltage a specified number of times. In the example above, assuming the relay was off to begin with, it would be set high and then after 3 seconds it would be toggled low again.
First column is Relay number : 0 = First Relay, 1 = Second Relay
Repeat # : how many times the relay should be toggled
Delay(s) - Number of seconds between each toggle.
Do-Set-Servo
../_images/MissionList_DoSetServo.png
Move a servo to a particular PWM value. In the example above, the servo attached to output channel 8 would be moved to PWM 1700 (servo's generally accept PWM values between 1000 and 2000).
Ser No : the output channel the servo is attached to
PWM : PWM value to output to the servo
Do-Repeat-Servo
../_images/MissionList_DoRepeatServo.png
Repeatedly move a servo back and forth between its mid position and a specified PWM value. In the example above, the servo attached to output channel 8 would be moved to PWM 1700, then after 4 seconds, back to mid (default is 1500 which is held in the RC8_TRIM parameter), after another 4 seconds it would be moved to 1700 again, then finally after 4 more seconds it would be moved back to mid.
Ser No : the output channel the servo is attached to
PWM : PWM value to output to the servo
Repeat # : Number of times to move the servo to the specified PWM value
Delay (s) : the delay in seconds between each servo movement
Do-Digicam-Control
../_images/MissionList_DoDigicamControl.png
Trigger the camera shutter once. The "Shutter Cmd" field should be set to "1".
Do-Fence-Enable
../_images/MissionList_DoFenceEnable.png
Enable(1) or Disable(0) the Copter Cylindrical Fence and/or Copter Inclusion and Exclusion Fences. This command takes no additional arguments.
Do-Gimbal-Manager-PitchYaw
../_images/mission-list-do-gimbal-manager-pitchyaw.png
Moves the camera gimbal to the desired pitch and yaw angles (in degrees). Positive pitch angles are up, Negative are down. Positive yaw angles are clockwise, negative are counter clockwise. If the "Flags" field is "


text:
initial graphs (minimal and negative initial digraphs)
One of the main advantages of MGG over other approaches to graph transformation is its ability to study properties of the grammar independently of the initial state. Thus, it is possible to define an algortihm (productions of a grammar) and analyse some of its properties without taking into account the concrete problem it is going to be applied to.
For a given sequence, one natural question is the minimal (smallest) graph that we have to be given in order to apply the sequence. Recall that MGG is not only able to study the elements that have to be present in order to apply a production, but also those that must not be in the initial graph. The minimal initial digraph (MID) is precisely this smallest graph. The negative initial digraph (NID) specifies those elements that should not appear in the host graph. They both can be explicitely calculated. Sections 4.4 and 5.3 in the MGG book are devoted to this topic. It is interesting that we can use this concepts to contribute to Petri nets (Sec. 8.2).
The main importance of the initial digraphs is that they substitute the host graph in those cases where some initial state is mandatory. For example, when dealing with universal quantifiers in application conditions. Hence, the analysis of the grammar productions can be performed without the need of a concrete host graph.
In previous posts I have commented on non-determinism in MGG, being one of its sources how nodes across productions are related (whether two nodes of the same type in different productions have to be the same node or not). If we have in mind a concrete sequence, as soon as the left hand sides of the productions are matched in the state graph the non-determinism disappears. But the interesting part of the analysis is the one that happens before the productions are matched into the host graph. Recall that this non-determinism is classified as vertical and horizontal. The initial digraphs deal with horizontal non-determinism, so they contribute also to the study of the vertical non-determinism.
Depending on the way completion is carried out, different initial digraphs will be derived, giving rise to the notions of initial digraph set. The horizontal non-determinism needs further research. For some time I tried to address this issue using representation theory, which I will comment on in a future post. There is a fast introduction to representation theory here.
Summarizing, initial digraphs are interesting at least for three reasons: They keep independence in MGG of the analysis with respect to the host graph, they also help in the study of horizontal non-determinism and they answer the question of what is the smallest graph able to fire a sequence.
Today I find myself a bit sarcastic. Normally I choose quotes that are related to the topic of the post in some way, but today I cannot stand including the following phrase from David Hilbert: Some people have got a mental horizon of radius zero and call it their point of view.


text: In the current study, an integrated renewable based energy system consisting of a solar flat plate collector is employed to generate electricity while providing cooling load and hydrogen. A parametric study is carried out in order to determine the main design parameters and their effects on the objective functions of the system. The outlet temperature of generator, inlet temperature to organic Rankine cycle turbine, solar irradiation intensity (I), collector mass flow rate (m(col)) and flat plate collector area (AF) are considered as five decision variables. The results of parametric study show that the variation of collector mass flow rate between 3 kg/s and 8 kg/s has different effects on exergy efficiency and total cost rate of the system. In addition, the result shows that increment of inlet temperature to the ORC evaporator has a negative effect on cooling capacity of the system. It can lead to a decrease the cooling capacity from 44.29 kW to 22.6 kW, while the electricity generation and hydrogen production rate of the system increase. Therefore, a multi objective optimization is performed in order to introduce the optimal design conditions based on an evolutionary genetic algorithm. Optimization results show that exergy efficiency of the system can be enhanced from 1.72% to 3.2% and simultaneously the cost of the system can increase from 19.59 $/h to 22.28 $/h in optimal states. (C) 2017 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.


DIY Digital Vacuum Gauge
11,991
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9
Here are the instructions on how to build your very own digital vacuum gauge. Why would you want a vacuum gauge? If do your own maintenance on your motorcycle like synchronizing carburetors or adjusting the throttle bodies this tool makes the job easier.
The plans and code needed to build this project are all opensource and available online at sourceforge.net
Parts kits, circuit boards and pre-programmed chips for the project are available for a limited time on kickstarter here.
Step 1: How It Works
The digital vacuum gauge is based on the MPXH6250A pressure sensor by Freescale. It outputs a temperature compensated analog voltage that is proportional to an absolute pressure. It has a measuring range of 2.9 PSI to 36.3 PSI absolute. The microprocessor then reads those voltages and displays the results to the screen.
The microprocessor does the following to make measurements:
 1. The processor in the vacuum gauge reads the 4 vacuum ports simultaneously
 2. Digital filtering is applied to smooth out the vacuum readings (useful on idling engines to get a steady reading)
 3. The filtered value is then converted to kPa, PSI, inHg or mmHg
 4. The calibration data from the EEPROM is added to each of the vacuum readings
 5. The values are displayed on the screen
Bar graphs are also available to show how far off a particular measurement is from the average of the 4 vacuum ports. This helps when tuning your engine as it gives you a visual indicator of close all the ports are to reading the same values.
Step 2: Getting Everything Ready
The first step is to get a PCB board. This can be done by either building your own or purchasing one through my kickstarter here. If you are building your own, head over to the sourceforge page and navigate to files. There are two folders, one called Firmware Files and the other is called Hardware Files. Click on Hardware Files and download the Eagle Files, Parts Placement, and BOM (bill of materials)
The Eagle PCB files can then be submitted to your favorite PCB manufacturing house. Once you have a PCB you can order all the parts in the BOM. The Excel file lists all the parts that are needed, the quantity and part number. The parts are available on Digikey and the LCD screen is purchased through EastRising (buydisplay.com). Go ahead and order all the the parts that you will need.
Finally print out the parts placement PDF. This will help you when you go to solder the components so you know what part goes where.
Step 3: Soldering the Surface Mount Devices
The first step is to solder all the surface mount components onto the board. Follow the parts placement PDF that you printed out. Match the part designation is the reference on the PCB.
Attach the following SMD (Surface Mount Devices)
 1. Microprocessor - U1 - (be sure to mount in correct orientation as shown in the photo)
 2. Regulator - U2
 3. Resistors - R1-R7
 4. Capacitors - C1-C9
 5. Push button - SW2
 6. Pressure Sensors - P1-P4
When soldering the surface mount devices make sure you don't short out any of the pins that are close together. You may need to use some solder wick to remove excess solder.
Step 4: Soldering the Hole Through Devices
The hole through devices need to be assembled in a specific order for the assembly to work The order is as follows:
 1. Place double sided sticky tape on back of battery holder and attach to back of PCB
 2. Solder battery holder in place on back of the PCB. (Clip excess length from battery holder pins)
 3. Insert 16 pin header into PCB
 4. Place LCD into position on PCB
 5. Attach standoffs and screws between LCD and PCB boards
 6. Solder both sides of the 16 pin header to the LCD and PCB
 7. Insert the main power switch SW1 and solder
Step 5: Programming
The last step is to program the board. In order to program the microprocessor you need a PicKit3 programmer and a 5 pin header. The source code is available on the source forge page under the folder called Firmware. Download the project file. You will need to have MPLabX installed in order to compile and download the program. If you purchased a PCB with a pre-programmed chip then you can skip this step
 1. Insert the 5 pin header into the PCB
 2. Note, Pin 1 is towards the middle of the PCB and has a square pad
 3. Attach the programmer
 4. Turn on the power switched
 5. Open MPLabX and load the project
 6. Press the program button to download the firmware into the microcontroller.
 7. Disconnect the programmer.
Step 6: Navigating the Menu
The main power switch has three positions:
 - Down = Off
 - Middle = On
 - Top = On with back light
The Mode/Cal button is used to change the settings in the device. Pressing the button will bring up the menu. Pressing the button again will move you through the menu system. The item you are currently at will blink. In order to select that item you need to press and hold the button until the screen changes The button needs to be held for approx 2-3 seconds. All the settings and calibration data are save into the device's EEPROM.
The menu system is as follows:
 1. Calibrate - Preformed Calibration and zeros the device
 1. Relative_Mode - Calibrates to display pressures relative to atmospheric, ie no vacuum will read 0
 2. Absolute_Mode - Calibrates to display pressures in absolute units, ie no vacuum will read approx 14psi
 2. Units - Changes the display units of the devices
 1. kPA
 2. PSI
 3. inHg
 4. mmHg
 3. Display - Adjusts the display mode
 1. Numerical - Displays the readings as 4 numerical values on the screen, Mini bar graphs are next to each reading that compares that ports reading to the average reading
 2. Bar_Graph - displays the for channels as horizontal bar graphs. Each the center is the average of all the bar graphs.
 4. Filter - Changes the digital filtering
 1. Off - Turns off the digital filtering, Numbers will update very fast but a slow running, high vacuum engine may cause readings to bounce all over the place
 2. Low - Adds some filtering to smooth out the bouncing readings, takes a couple of seconds for a vacuum pulse to fully register on the display
 3. High - Adds lots of filtering, can take 30 seconds or so for a change in vacuum to fully register. This will provide a good average over a long period of time.
 5. Exit - Exits the main menu.
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 9 Discussions
 0
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 JRMahesh
 Question 5 months ago on Step 6
 Hi..is that module for sale?
 If it is..i would like to purchase it.
 Pls advice. Tq.
 0
 None
 edburzminski
 Question 11 months ago on Introduction
 How would you adapt this in to measure pressure instead instead of vacuum? I have an air horn with compressed air tank in my car to monitor.
 0
 None
 MichaelB1186
 1 year ago
 Mark- very nice work. I'll admit I didn't realize until the vacuum sensor arrived how extremely small it is. I was hoping to use this project and adapt it for car.
 What kind of hose did you use to connect the sensor to the carburetor or source? My idea was to use a very small hose then an adapter to a vacuum hose that would fit on the carb. Hoping you had a better solution.
 Thanks!
 0
 None
 stp715a
 3 years ago
 One of the most complete projects here! Thanks.
 Is this sensor an acceptable substitute? Thanks again.
 MPXx6115
 _URL_
 1 reply
 0
 None
 markistuffstp715a
 Reply 3 years ago
 The MPXH6115 could work but the firmware would require reprogramming to accommodate the sensor's different measurement range. The pin out should match.
 0
 None
 wheeljam
 3 years ago
 The link to sourceforge isn't working. I'd like to buy or build this
 3 replies
 0
 None
 markistuffwheeljam
 Reply 3 years ago
 Not sure why the link isn't working. Here it is again.
 _URL_
 I do have some blank PCB boards left over for this from when I did a kickstarter for this project if you are interested.


Anything drawn - a bolt, a plate or a profile - will be given the current revision.
With a new blank drawing, the current revision will be 0 unless this is edited.
The revision of an element can not be edited. The only influence that the user has over the revision of an element is at the creation or the adaptation of an element: in these cases, the element will be given the current or 'work' revision.
If a new revision is required, the previous revision with which the user had worked will be locked. Once a revision has been locked it can no longer be edited.
Revision Lists
The purpose of the revision system is to enable the user to easily identify the differences between two revisions.
In the Bill of Materials dialog box, a part list can be made for two revisions which will clarify the differences between the two revisions.
Example:
revision 0: Position part PR5 total:5
revision 1: Position part PR5 total:3
In revision 0 there were five elements with Pr5 in the drawing.
After revision 1 only three of PR5 remain. This can happen due to PR5 in revision 1 being deleted or modified.
The only way to delete a locked revision is by deleting all revisions.
It is allowed to create workshop drawings and part lists from a revision that is still "open" i.e. not yet locked.
The numbers are still kept stable (they do not change) if the revision is never locked.


Monday, March 20, 2006
Proposal: Pie is good
Timed out, failed, 1-4. Josh
Adminned at 23 Mar 2006 10:00:57 UTC
Create a rule named Chaos:
If it's been at least 48 hours since the last one, a Gostak may ask for a Floor relocation by making a post announcing it appropriately. Each Gostak may then vote on it in the same way as on proposals. If the post receives more counted FOR votes than counted AGAINST votes, the Floor Relocation is executed as follows:
* Create a Transdimensional Anchor for each Floor by placing its number in rule The Building (in an orderly manner). Add to Transdimensional Anchors 1 and 13 a hyphen followed by "1" and "13", respectively.
* A DICEX shall be rolled for each Floor, excepting the 13th Floor and the 1st Floor, where X is the amount of Floors. If the resulting number has already been added to a Transdimensional Anchor or is 13 or 1, roll again for that Floor and repeat the actions described in this sentence. Add the resulting number to the Transdimensional Anchor created for that Floor, preceded by a Hyphen. Alternatively, a randomized sequence may be created on for the purpose of assigning Floors to Transdimensional Anchors, provided the outcome is treated as if it were created by DICE rolls (i.e. results of 13 and 1 shall be ignored, and Floors will be assigned in numerical order, skipping Transdimensional Anchors 1 and 13).
* Move each Gostak and Entity to the Floor with the number that has been added to the Transdimensional Anchor which has been created for the Floor e was on prior to the relocation. Each Floor's number will change to the number that has been added to the Transdimensional Anchor which has been created for that Floor, and all references to that Floor's previous number in the ruleset, excepting rule Movement, will change to reflect the Floor's new number.
* Rearrange all Floors in numerical order.
* Remove all Transdimensional Anchors.
If more than half of all counted votes have "I prefer cake" added to them, remove the last sentence of the second bullet point of the rule created by this proposal.
03-20-2006 21:16:16 UTC
against i dont quite understand what this means AND hell and hells hell shouldn't move, but they are moving, and no
03-20-2006 21:19:55 UTC
Ach, getting to the top should not be so easy (or random). Also, if the poster votes FOR eir request for floor relocation immediately after posting, then "If the post recieves more counted FOR votes than counted AGAINST votes…" is satisfied, and the relocation takes place at once. against
03-20-2006 21:21:26 UTC
against Lazy Joe should not leave the Prison.
03-20-2006 21:47:09 UTC
The gist of this is shaking the whole building up, quazie, relocating all things on each floor to another floor. I forgot to put a duration in there for the post to be 'pending', though, which indeed renders this proposal incomplete.
Lazy Joe would move with the prison, by the way (or at least I think so), and I personally liked the idea of hell moving about.
against S-K, but open for suggestions (though I doubt I'll repropose it)
Angry Grasshopper:
03-20-2006 22:41:36 UTC
I like the idea, but when did we add Entities to the ruleset?
Angry Grasshopper:
03-20-2006 23:22:37 UTC
Nevermind that.
Elias IX:
03-21-2006 02:57:59 UTC
I liked the idea. But I'm Idle.
Angry Grasshopper:
03-21-2006 03:02:54 UTC
Well, come back and play with us when you have time for it. ;)


text:
WP3 Structural changes
WP3 aims to identify meaningful and effective structural changes in the partner institutions leading to an improvement of gender equality and to develop recommendations to guide the implementation of Gender Equality Plans.
Task 3.1: Review and improvement of policies and practices (Task leader: Kiel CAU)
Structural changes in an institution mean that improved systematic and sustainable approaches are applied to key processes and procedures within and throughout the institution. Structural changes in order to improve gender equality include the removal of often-unconscious barriers and the reduction of the influence of implicit stereotypes on decisions and developments.
This task aims to review and assess structures and processes (including recruitment procedures, decision-making processes and allocation of resources) in the partner institutions regarding their gender balance, fairness and transparency. In this regard, the top-level personnel, units and committees responsible for gender equality policies at the partner institutions play an important role.
Tasks 3.2 & 3.3. Setting targets and monitoring progress via gender-sensitive indicators on structural changes (Task leader: Kiel CAU)
Aggregated gender segregated data on structural changes could comprise, e.g., horizontal/ vertical segregation (gender pay-gap), allocation of lab space, gender balance in decision-making boards and committees. This task aims to develop indicators from such data and analyse the resultant trends, enabling the consortium to recommend possible targets and innovative strategies toward Gender Equality Plans of the partner institutions.


Is beauties of universe copied or imitated? If no…
since there is nothing similar to the palace of the world from which its beauties could have been imitated and copied, certainly, its Maker possesses the necessary beauties in himself and in his Names.
It is from these that the universe is derived and according to them that it was made. It was written like a book in order to express His beauties and Names.
From: Risale-i Nur Collection.
Related Articles


text:
Politicization and political contests in and around contemporary multinational corporations: An introduction
- Publication Type:
- Journal Article
- Human Relations, 2018, 71 (6), pp. 745 - 765
- Issue Date:
© 2018, © The Author(s) 2018. This article looks at core arguments in international business, organization studies and surrounding academic fields that focus on the study of politicization and political contests in and around multinational corporations (MNCs). Two evident streams of debate are identified. Equally evident is that these streams hardly connect. One stream is mainly interested in studying politicization from the outside, whereas the other is mainly interested in politicization from within. As a way of connecting both streams, we introduce the circuits of power framework. Next, we introduce the contributions of our Special Issue, followed by concluding comments which distinguish five emergent themes. First, we show how the application of the circuits of power framework sheds new light on the study of political contests of MNCs. Second, we highlight that the role of nation states has not lost its significance as, for example, political corporate social responsibility (CSR) approaches would have us believe. Third, dominant ideologies play an important role in establishing and controlling circuits of power in and around MNCs. Fourth, it is vital to take labour issues into account in this field of study. Fifth, there is increasing evidence that asymmetric and hierarchical forms of organizing do not disappear in new MNC network forms.
Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:


text:
Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: _URL_
- Indigenous social work around the world: towards culturally relevant education and practice
Yellow Bird, Michael
- University of Newcastle. Faculty of Education & Arts, School of Humanities and Social Science
- How can mainstream Western social work learn from and in turn help advance indigenous practice? This volume brings together prominent international scholars involved in both Western and indigenous social work across the globe – including James Midgley, Linda Briskman, Alean Al-Krenawi and John R. Graham – to discuss some of the most significant global trends and issues relating to indigenous and cross-cultural social work. The contributors identify ways in which indigenization is shaping professional social work practice and education, and examine how social work can better address diversity in international exchanges and cross-cultural issues within and between countries. Key theoretical, methodological and service issues and challenges in the indigenization of social work are reviewed, including the way in which adaptation can lead to more effective practices within indigenous communities and emerging economies, and how adaptation can provide greater insight into cross-cultural understanding and practice.
- Contemporary Social Work Studies
study and teaching;
- Resource Type


text:
Although the city's name has always been pronounced Kolkata or Kôlikata in Bengali, the anglicised form Calcutta was the official name until 2001, when it was changed to Kolkata in order to match Bengali pronunciation.
Is Calcutta now called Mumbai?
Mumbai (Marathi: मुंबई), from Bombay, renamed in 1995. Kochi (Malayalam: കൊച്ചി), from Cochin, respelled in 1996. Chennai (Tamil: சென்னை), from Madras, renamed in 1996. Kolkata (Bengali: কলকাতা), from Calcutta, respelled in 2001.
Why did Bombay change its name?
The city's official name change, to Mumbai from Bombay happened when regional political party Shiv Sena came into power in 1995. The Shiv Sena saw Bombay as a legacy of British colonialism and wanted the city's name to reflect its Maratha heritage, hence renaming it to pay tribute to the goddess Mumbadevi.
How did Kolkata get its name?
The city's former name, Calcutta, is an Anglicized version of the Bengali name Kalikata. … According to some, Kalikata is derived from the Bengali word Kalikshetra, meaning "Ground of (the goddess) Kali." Some say the city's name derives from the location of its original settlement on the bank of a canal (khal).
Why was Bombay changed to Mumbai?
When the right-wing Hindu nationalist party Shiv Sena came to power they ordered the name change. This was because Bombay was associated with the British Raj or Empire – and it was viewed it has a unwanted legacy of the colonial period.
Is Kolkata a dead city?
In 1985, prime minister Rajiv Gandhi dubbed Kolkata a "dying city" in light of its socio-political woes. … The city is also experiencing marked growth in its manufacturing base.
Is Kolkata a poor city?
Calcutta is unique among Indian cities. Not for its poverty and destitution, although it has become world famous for that. It is unique because alone of all the cities in the vast Indian sub-continent it has an underground railway. There is only one line about 10 miles long with 16 stations.
Which is the dirtiest city in the India?
Top ten dirtiest cities in Indian in 2020
- East Delhi.
- North Delhi.
Who named Mumbai?
The name Mumbai is derived from Mumbā or Mahā-Ambā—the name of the patron goddess (kuladevata) Mumbadevi of the native Koli community— and ā'ī meaning "mother" in the Marathi language, which is the mother tongue of the Koli people and the official language of Maharashtra.
Is Kolkata bigger than Delhi?
The 2001 Indian Census placed the Delhi urban agglomeration (UA) population of 12.9 million third behind the Greater Mumbai UA (16.4 million) and the Kolkata UA (13.2 million). … There are 384 UAs in India.
Is Kolkata safe?
Kolkata, the 'cultural capital of India' has been announced as the safest city for women in the country. The latest data of the National Crime Record Board (NCRB) reveals that Kolkata has topped the list of 19 Indian cities considered safe for women. This is good news for all and especially for solo women travellers.
Who is the king of Mumbai?
King Bhimdev founded his kingdom in the region in the late 13th century and established his capital in Mahikawati (present day Mahim). He belonged to either the Yadava dynasty of Devagiri in Maharashtra or the Anahilavada dynasty of Gujarat.
What is the 5 name of India?
India is known by many names – Jambudweepa, Al-Hind, Hindustan, Tenjiku, Aryavarta, and Bharat.
What is India's full name?
India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: Bhārat Gaṇarājya), is a country in South Asia.
|Republic of India Bhārat Gaṇarājya (see other local names)|


text:
Landscape biography as a tourism research method to 'read the landscape'
A landscape biography resembles a biography that is usually written about persons. Basically, it is an extensive description of the history of a specific landscape and the ideas, meanings and representations that are applied to, and the memories that conform with, the landscape in different time periods. A landscape biography includes a rich and varied body of knowledge about a variety of aspects of the landscape which throughout many years (we are talking here about centuries) have been formed by both geological processes and humans.
The history of landscape biography
The term landscape biography was first coined in the geographical work of Paul Vidal de la Blache (_PHONE_), in which mainly the terms 'pays' (land) and 'genre de vie' (a way of living) played an important role. The New Cultural Geography movement, moreover, added important concepts such as perception, symbols and ideologies as being valuable components of the landscape. Archeologist Jan Kolen developed the theory further and perceives a landscape biography as 'a progressive interplay of forces between the richly varied material landscape and the world of ideas, meanings, representations and memories' that are connected with the landscape.
What does it entail in actual practice?
In the writing of a landscape biography, a variety of disciplines are normally included and different themes are elaborated. It is, for example, interesting to know what the history is of a certain landscape in respect of the paleontology, toponymy, ecology, anthropology, or would we like to know the stories of amateur archeologists, local historians and/or nature lovers. In this way can the writing of a landscape biography more or less be seen as a participatory (action) research method, in which multiple professionals, experts, but also local citizens and other stakeholders, collaborate in order to increasingly map a specific landscape. However, the time periods that are used in landscape biography differ per project. So might it be for example interesting to research in what way the landscape looked like in the Neolithic period, Bronze Age, Iron Age and/or the Middle Ages, or throughout the Renaissance or the Age of Enlightenment.
What might be the aim of a landscape biography for tourism purposes?
The writing of a landscape biography might entail a variety of objectives, depending on for what reason or project the biography is written for. If we take a look at the objectives a landscape biography might have for tourism purposes, this could be that writing such a biography might unravel certain old characteristics of a landscape which might be used for tourism purposes. For example, bring back certain aspects of a landscape in a somewhat old state in order to make it interesting for potential tourists. In addition, a certain site of archeological masterpieces might be transformed into a tourist attraction, or can the stories about the past be used for promotional activities.


Skip to definition.
Noun: control key
 1. (computing) the key on a computer keyboard that is used (in combination with some other key) to type control characters
 - command key
Derived forms: control keys
Type of: key
Encyclopedia: Control key


text:
A fun and novel outdoor forest trail kit all contained in a lined, wolf character canvas shoulder bag. The bag contains everything a child could need to go on a nature trail in the great outdoors!
The beautifully illustrated and waterproof groundsheet is illustrated with lots of forest floor treasures and is enormous at 56" x 56". It can be turned into a den, a groundsheet, a cover, or even a simple tent.
There is a big magnifying glass to search for mini-beasts and a printed nature trail card to help you find all the wonderful life in the forest.
Owl compass, Leaf Hunt card, and Den Building card are also included. Children love to explore and it is now so important to encourage outdoor play and to teach about respecting our wonderful natural world.
Tenderleaf Toys understands their responsibilities to the planet and only use sustainable and recyclable wood to make their enchanting toys. They are committed to a program to protect our natural resources and replant 100% of the trees they use – and the wood we all love!
Age range: 3 Years And Older
Product size: 15.75 x 15.75 x 1.57"
Weight: 1.17 lbs