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PLC in adverse conditions
In certain applications, the operating environment may have extreme conditions that require special attention or otherwise can seriously damage PLCs. These adverse conditions include excessive noise and heat and nuisance line fluctuations. This article describes these conditions and provide measures to minimize their effects.
3 Conditions That Can Damage Your PLC
3 Conditions That Can Damage Your PLC (on photo: PLC SIMATIC S7-1500; credit: aei-automatizacion.com)
 1. Excessive noise
 2. Excessive heat
 3. Nuisance line fluctuations
1. Excessive Noise
Electrical noise seldom damages PLC components, unless extremely high energy or high voltage levels are present. However, temporary malfunctions due to noise can result in hazardous machine operation in certain applications. Noise may be present only at certain times, or it may appear at widespread intervals. In some cases, it may exist continuously.
The first case is the most difficult to isolate and correct.
Noise usually enters a system through input, output, and power supply lines. Noise may also be coupled into these lines electrostatically through the capacitance between them and the noise signal carrier lines.
The presence of high-voltage or long, closely spaced conductors generally produces this effect. The coupling of magnetic fields can also occur when control lines are located close to lines carrying large currents.
Devices that are potential noise generators include relays, solenoids, motors, and motor starters, especially when operated by hard contacts, such as push buttons and selector switches.
Suppression of a three-phase motor lead
Figure 1 – Suppression of a three-phase motor lead
Analog I/O and transmitters are very susceptible to noise from electromechanical sources, causing jumps in counts during the reading of analog data. Therefore, motor starters, transformers, and other electromechanical devices should be kept away from analog signals, interfaces, and transmitters.
Although the design of solid-state controls provides a reasonable amount of noise immunity, the designer must still take special precautions to minimize noise, especially when the anticipated noise signal has characteristics similar to the desired control input signals.
IMPORTANT // To increase the operating noise margin, the controller must be installed away from noise-generating devices, such as large AC motors and high-frequency welding machines. Also, all inductive loads must be suppressed. Three-phase motor leads should be grouped together and routed separately from low-level signal leads.
Sometimes, if the noise level situation is critical, all three-phase motor leads must be suppressed (see Figure 1 above). Figure 2 illustrates line-filtering configurations used for removing input power noise to a controller or transmitter.
Power noise reduction using one of three line-filtering configurations
Figure 2 – Power noise reduction using one of three line-filtering configurations
Note 1 Keep line filters 12 inches or less from the controller. Minimize the line distance where noise can be introduced into the controller.
Note 2 To prevent ground loops, do not tie the common mode line metal case filters with other metal that is at ground potential. Doing so will reduce the filters' effectiveness.
Go back to Conditions ↑
2. Excessive Heat
Programmable logic controllers can withstand temperatures ranging from 0 to 60°C. They are normally cooled by convection, meaning that a vertical column of air, drawn in an upward direction over the surface of the components, cools the PLC. To keep the temperature within limits, the cooling air at the base of the system must not exceed 60°C.
The PLC components must be properly spaced when they are installed to avoid excess heat.
The manufacturer can provide spacing recommendations, which are based on typical conditions for most PLC applications. Typical conditions are as follows:
 - 60% of the inputs are ON at any one time
 - 30% of the outputs are ON at any one time
 - the current supplied by all of the modules combined meets manufacturer-provided specifications
 - the air temperature is around 40°C
Situations in which most of the I/O are ON at the same time and the air temperature is higher than 40°C are not typical. In these situations, spacing between components must be larger to provide better convection cooling.
PLC panel with Vortex cooler
PLC panel with Vortex cooler (photo credit: armac.nl)
If equipment inside or outside of the enclosure generates substantial amounts of heat and the I/O system is ON continuously, the enclosure should contain a fan that will reduce hot spots near the PLC system by providing good air circulation. The air being brought in by the fan should first pass through a filter to prevent dirt or other contaminants from entering the enclosure.
Dust obstructs the components' heat dissipation capacity, as well as harms heat sinks when thermal conductivity to the surrounding air is lowered. In cases of extreme heat, the enclosure should be fitted with an air-conditioning unit or cooling control system that utilizes compressed air (see Figures 3 and 4).
Leaving enclosure doors open to cool off the system is not a good practice, since this allows conductive dust to enter the system.
Compressed air cooling system
Figure 4 – Compressed air cooling system
There are methods available to calculate the temperature rise and heat dissipation requirements of an enclosure based on its size and equipment contents. Temperature rise is the temperature difference between the air inside an enclosure and the outside air temperature (ambient air temperature).
Go back to Conditions ↑
3.Excessive Line Voltage Variation
The power supply section of a PLC system can sustain line fluctuations and still allow the system to function within its operating margin. As long as the incoming voltage is adequate, the power supply provides all the logic voltages necessary to support the processor, memory, and I/O.
However, if the voltage drops below the minimum acceptable level, the power supply will alert the processor, which will then execute a system shutdown.
In applications that are subject to "soft" AC lines and unusual line variations, the first step towards a solution is to correct any possible feeder problem in the distribution system. If this correction does not solve the problem, then a constant voltage transformer can be used to prevent the system from shutting down too often (see Figure 5 below).
Constant voltage transformer used to stabilize input voltage
Figure 5 – Constant voltage transformer used to stabilize input voltage
Constant voltage transformer //
The constant voltage transformer stabilizes the input voltage to the power supply and input field devices by compensating for voltage changes at the primary to maintain a steady voltage in the secondary.
When using a constant voltage transformer, the user should check that its power rating is sufficient to supply the input devices and the power supply.
Also, the user should connect the output devices in front of the constant voltage transformer, rather than behind it, so that the transformer is not providing power to the outputs. This arrangement will lessen the load supported by the transformer, allowing a smaller transformer to be used. The manufacturer can provide information regarding power rating requirements.
Go back to Conditions ↑
References //
 - Programmable controllers: theory and implementation/L.A. Bryan, E.A. Bryan.—2nd edition, 1997
 - Automating Manufacturing Systems with PLCs April 2005, version 4.7 / Hugh Jack
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About Author
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Edvard Csanyi
Edvard - Electrical engineer, programmer and founder of EEP. Highly specialized for design of LV/MV switchgears and LV high power busbar trunking (<6300A) in power substations, commercial buildings and industry fascilities. Professional in AutoCAD programming. Present on
9 Comments
 1. Maciej Napierala
 Aug 29, 2016
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 2. s.meshaly
 Dec 02, 2015
 Thanks for all guys and for site admins
 3. Usman mirza
 Oct 17, 2015
 Hello sir
 I want to know about Plc programing plz send me some data with pict for seek Plc
 Regards
 Usman mirza
 4. orko
 Sep 05, 2015
 Dear Sir,
 Can you up load a standard single line diagram where 11kva (REB) line parallel with 5 gas generators and 2 diesel generators including Transformer, HT and LT Connection and PFI connection to distribution Bord(DB).
 5. H.Keshavarz
 Sep 05, 2015
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 Be success always.
 6. h.babadi
 Sep 02, 2015
 hello
 your articles is very good and I use them in my work.
 please write article about siemense s7 & pcs7 & profibus …
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 7. jakkam
 Aug 31, 2015
 Hi guys ,
 on the verge of this topic i would like to ask this
 we have this cranes which unload Coal , Grab Ship Unloader,we are using ABB PLC in that we have 4 remote stations, suppose if welding works goes on near one of the stations, we switch off the whole PLC of the machine , even though the welding earth earth is connected near the Job site, The whole unloader is a gantry type it is having a copper bars connected to the track .
 what i want to know is should we switch off the PLC for welding purposes? and what is the electrical stuff behind it ?
 - Pratik Chauhan
 Sep 01, 2015
 You Should first isolate the Earth Point of PLC/PLC Panel i.e Electronic Earthing & Electrical Earthing because u can not put both at same reference.Then Provide seperate Earthing Pit for Electronic Earthing,in there no earthing should be connected.


- FREE
 - Chelsea, London
National Army Museum
 - FREE
 - Chelsea, London
Regiments and Corps
19th Royal Hussars (Queen Alexandra's Own)
19th Royal Hussars (Queen Alexandra's Own) formed up, 1882
The first use of the numeral 19 for a British Army line cavalry regiment was in 1786, when the 23rd Light Dragoons was renumbered. This unit had originally been raised in 1781 and was the first ever British cavalry regiment to operate in India.
There, it fought against Tipu Sultan in the Third and Fourth Mysore Wars (1790-92 and 1799), including service at Seringapatam (1799). It later fought Dhoondia Wao in 1800 and served under Arthur Wellesley at Assaye (1803) during the Second Maratha War (1803-05). In 1806, it took part in the suppression of the Vellore mutiny.
The regiment's last years in India were spent on garrison duties. It then sailed to Canada to fight in the War of 1812 (1812-15). It became the 19th Lancers in 1816, before finally disbanding in 1821.
Cap badge, 19th (Princess of Wales's Own) Hussars, c1896
Officer's lance, 19th (Light) Dragoons (Lancers), 1820
The second regiment to bear the numeral was the 19th Hussars. This title was given to the 1st Bengal European Light Cavalry when it moved from the East India Company's service to the British Army in 1862. The unit had originally been formed in 1858 for service during the Indian Mutiny (1857-59).
In 1871, the 19th Hussars first arrived in England. Three years later, it was deemed the successor unit of the 19th Lancers and allowed to keep their battle honours.
19th Hussars formed up at Giza, Egypt, 1882
Kettledrum of the 19th Hussars, 1909
Which of the following was a nickname of the 11th Hussars?
The Lumpies
The Stumpies
The Dumpies
Did you know?
East India Company cavalry regiments waived the minimum height requirement of British Army cavalry units. As a result, the earliest members of the 19th Hussars were nicknamed 'Dumpies' owing to their shorter stature.
In 1882, the regiment deployed to Egypt, fighting at Tel el-Kebir in September of that year. It went on to serve in the Sudan during the Mahdist War and fought at Abu Klea (1885).
Following various imperial garrison duties, it later fought in the Boer War (_PHONE_). There, it took part in the defence of Ladysmith and the campaign in Eastern Transvaal.
In 1902, the regiment was re-titled the 19th (Alexandra, Princess of Wales's Own) Hussars. And, when Alexandra became Queen Consort in 1908, the name changed to the 19th (Queen Alexandra's Own Royal) Hussars.
Major AW Parsons, 19th (Queen Alexandra's) Hussars, c1908
World War
It was sent to France as part of the British Expeditionary Force in 1914, with squadrons fighting at Mons, Le Cateau, the Aisne and the Marne in 1914. It served on the Western Front for the rest of the war, including the Second Battles of Ypres (1915), the Somme (1916), Cambrai (1917) and Amiens (1918).
The regiment was retitled the 19th Royal Hussars (Queen Alexandra's Own) in January 1921, but disbanded just six months later.
The 19th Hussars was re-formed the following year as a cadre or central core of officers. It was then immediately merged with the 15th The Kings Hussars to form the 15th/19th Hussars.
A Soldiers Life at The Newcastle Discovery Museum
The National Army Museum works together with Regimental and Corps Museums across the country to help provide a network of military museums for everyone to visit and enjoy.
Explore the history and collections of the 19th Hussars (Queen Alexandra's Own) by visiting the displays of the Light Dragoons and its predecessors at the Discovery Museum in Newcastle.
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Jenkins parameterized build example with String and Boolean parameters
The creation of a parameterized Jenkins build is one of the easiest ways to add flexibility and customization to your continuous integration pipelines. In this Jenkins parameterized build example with Boolean and String parameters, you'll see just how easy it is to create and configure a CI job that can be customized for each run.
The option to create a parameterized Jenkins build job is a core feature of the popular CI tool, so you don't need to install any plug-ins to create one. In the second part of this tutorial, we will extend the parameterized Jenkins build job example and use the Jenkins Git integration plug-in to pull from GitHub. This isn't a requirement of the first part of this tutorial, though.
Create a freestyle parameterized build example
In step one of this parameterized Jenkins build job example, create a new freestyle project, and name it parameterized-build example.
freestyle project
Name your new build job parameterized-build-example.
Once you've created the build job, Jenkins will display the item's configuration page. On this configuration page, there is an unselected checkbox next to text that states: "This project is parameterized." Select this option, and in the drop-down that subsequently appears, choose the option to add a Boolean parameter.
Boolean parameter
Select a Boolean parameter in the configuration page.
Name the Boolean parameter generate_javadoc, and enable the Default Value checkbox.
generate_javadoc
Name your Boolean parameter generate_javadoc.
Click the Add Parameter drop-down list a second time, and choose to create a String parameter. Name this Jenkins build parameter javadoc_location and give it a default value of C:\javadoc.
String parameter
Name your String parameter Javadoc_location.
Execute the build step
The next step in this parameterized Jenkins build example is to add a build step that simply echoes these values back to the console. To do so, scroll down toward the bottom of the parameterized-build-job configuration page, click the Add build step drop-down box, and choose the Execute Windows batch command option.
Execute Windows
Scroll to the bottom of the configuration page, and add this command.
In the text input area that appears, just above the link to the Jenkins environment variables list, enter the following text:
# Parameterized Jenkins build job example
echo %generate_javadoc%
echo %javadoc_location%
Save the build job, and choose the option to Build with Parameters. Accept the defaults, and click the Build button. The default values should be echoed in the console output.
Change the default values, and run the parameterized Jenkins build example once again. Notice how the updated values are echoed in the console output.
Console Output
The updated values match the console output.
Let the program generate Javadoc
To use the variables in a more meaningful way, this Jenkins parameterized build example with String and Boolean parameters will incorporate Git, GitHub and the Java Development Kit's (JDK) Javadoc utility. The first portion of this Jenkins parameterized build example had no prerequisites other than a working Jenkins installation. The remainder of this Jenkins tutorial requires the Git plug-in and the JDK's bin directory on the computer's system path.
In another Jenkins Git integration tutorial, we pulled a Java project from GitHub and generated Javadoc for all of the source files with the following command:
dir /s /b *.java > file.lst
javadoc -d C:\_javadoc @file.lst
We will now expand upon this script and incorporate Jenkins build parameters. This will provide the program with a choice to generate Javadoc or not and, if generated, where it'll be located.
To pull Java source code from a GitHub repository, simply click the Git radio button in the Source Code Management section of the build job's configuration page, and enter the following GitHub URL in as the Git location: github.com/cameronmcnz/rock-paper-scissors.git.
Once the Git repository is configured, move back to the build script, and update it with the following code:
#Jenkins Parameterized Build Example
if "%generate_javadoc%"=="true" (
 dir /s /b *.java >file.lst
 javadoc -d %javadoc_location% @file.lst
)
Save the build, and run the parameterized Jenkins build example again by clicking on the Build Job with Parameters option. Notice that, when the job runs, the program will use the input the user provided to decide whether to generate Javadoc or not and, if so, where that Javadoc should be stored.
And that's it. This Jenkins parameterized build example demonstrates just how easy it is to integrate String and Boolean Jenkins parameters at runtime and subsequently customize your CI pipelines.
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i need an example for parameterize the browser value like chrome/firefox and IE at run time. Based on the input the Automation code should get execute on specific browser.
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text: On 23rd of October a new generation of ADVACAM's X-Ray camera developed within the X-Mine project was introduced at COMEX research facility located in Poland. This 42 cm width single photon counting imager allows to scan fast moving objects on a conveyor belt with spatial resolution of 55 microns. Maximum scanning speed is 5 m/s and features like dual energy measurement or high dynamic range are implemented. Several tests with speed 1.7 m/s have been performed and are demonstrated in a short video. Final integration of the camera to the experimental system for mineral sorting was done on 21st of November in Kety.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
Computer Program Detail Page
written by Drew Onken
The Solar Photon Random Walk Model simulates the path of photons in radiative transport as they escape from the Sun. Photons do not travel in a straight line, but rather collide with larger particles and get redirected. This simulation models that process using a random walk in polar coordinates. The random walk parameters are adjustable to match different models of the structure of the sun, or the user can input their own values.
The Solar Photon Random Walk Model was created using the Easy Java Simulations (EJS) modeling tool. It is distributed as a ready-to-run (compiled) Java archive. Double clicking the ejs_comp_phys_photon_random_walk.jar file will run the program if Java is installed.
Please note that this resource requires at least version 1.5 of Java (JRE).
View the supplemental documents attached to this resource (2)
This model adds the feature of running numerous photons and compiling average statistics for these photons.
download 1133kb.jar
Published: July 26, 2011
View the source code document attached to this resource
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Solar Photon Random Walk:
Is Based On Easy Java Simulations Modeling and Authoring Tool
The Easy Java Simulations Modeling and Authoring Tool is needed to explore the computational model used in the Solar Photon Random Walk.relation by Mario Belloni
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source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


How can I reduce TinyPilot's latency?
On a well-provisioned local network, TinyPilot achieves 100-200 milliseconds of latency on its video stream. On slower networks or across the Internet, you may experience higher latency. This article includes steps you can take to reduce TinyPilot's latency.
Why does latency increase?
To stream video, TinyPilot uses the MJPEG streaming format. This protocol achieves low latency, but it consumes significant bandwidth.
Reducing TinyPilot's bandwidth and latency
To reduce TinyPilot's bandwidth usage, you can tune its video streaming settings. From the main menu, select System > Video Settings.
Screenshot of TinyPilot navigation bar selecting Video Settings
Adjust the frames per second (FPS) and video quality settings and apply them to test the latency under the new settings. Latency will reduce as you lower the FPS and JPEG quality.
Screenshot of TinyPilot Video Settings dialog
Experiment with different settings until you've found the right balance of video quality for your network connection.


model (Chen et al., 2018). The mass of a certain identified vehicle is unchanged when it is driving on the bridge, but the speed and location are changing with time, and its location is closely related to the vehicle type, so the construction of the random traffic flow model requires three main parameters, which are the vehicle type, vehicle speed, and vehicle weigh. The random traffic flow simulation method is as follows:
(1) Bridge vehicle types division: Based on the bridge's WIM data in the past year, vehicles are divided according to different axle group types, and six basic vehicle types are distinguished. On this basis, wheelbases of different vehicle types are determined according to the measured wheelbase data and common wheelbase parameters, as shown in Table 2. Statistics show that the six basic vehicle types can cover all vehicles passing through the bridge.
(2) Determination of statistical models for the weight and initial velocity of different vehicle types: Analysis of the bridge's weight data reveals that the weight of each vehicle type exhibits a multimodal distribution, and common distribution functions such as normal and lognormal distributions are unable to fit the data well. Therefore, this paper uses the Expectation-Maximization algorithm to establish a probability statistical model for the weight of vehicles based on a mixture of Gaussian distributions, as shown in Figure 3. In addition, the initial velocity is the basis for simulating the vehicle's performance on the bridge and plays a decisive role in the travel time of vehicles on the bridge. Based on the distribution characteristics of velocity data, this paper uses the t-distribution to establish a probability statistical model for the initial velocity, as shown in Figure 4.
(3) Random vehicle load simulation: Traffic load simulation mainly simulates the generation of random vehicles and the following situation of vehicles on the bridge deck. Among them, the simulation of random vehicle generation aims to determine the size of the traffic load; the simulation of vehicle following conditions considers the mutual influence between vehicles, and the vehicle following model can be used to calculate the acceleration of vehicles at any time. By leading into the vehicle's initial speed and arrival time, the position of the vehicle in the direction of travel on the bridge deck can be determined. Relevant studies have shown that the vehicle arrival process follows the Poisson point process of arrival rate λ, the formula for calculating the arrival rate is shown in Eq. 2; The position of vehicles in the transverse direction of the bridge is mainly selected based on the lane distribution characteristics of the vehicles. This article determines the lane selection characteristics of the bridge based on the bridge WIM data, as shown in Table 3.
λ=Qh3600(2)
TABLE 2
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TABLE 2. Vehicle type classification.
FIGURE 3
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FIGURE 3. Probability distribution model of vehicle weight.
FIGURE 4
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FIGURE 4. Probability distribution model of vehicle speed.
TABLE 3
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TABLE 3. Lane distribution (%).
Where: Qh is the average hourly traffic volume during the simulation period.
In a word, the main process for establishing a stochastic vehicle flow dynamic model is as follows:
①Determine bridge traffic volume based on statistical data of bridge traffic flow during simulation periods; ②Based on the traffic volume and simulation duration, the number and arrival time of vehicles are generated according to the Poisson point process theory; ③Determine a statistical model for vehicle parameters based on WIM data, and use the Monte Carlo method to generate a vehicle model library containing vehicle information parameters; ④Based on the vehicle model library containing vehicle information parameters, vehicle arrival time, and initial speed, the vehicle operation program based on the vehicle following theory can calculate and obtain the load data (i.e., vehicle flow data) of each bridge node under each load step; ⑤Load the traffic flow data into the finite element model and perform transient dynamic analysis, extract the longitudinal displacement time history of the beam end for subsequent research.
3.2 Dynamic model updating and inspection
Figure 5 shows the suspension bridge's three-dimensional finite element model established using ANSYS. The main girder was simulated using Beam188 elements, while the main cables and suspender cables were simulated using Link10 elements. The end of the main cables and the bottom of the bridge tower were all solidified, the main tower and the main cables obeyed the master-slave constraint relationship at the top position of the tower, and the main cables and suspender cables shared the same node at the cable clamp, suspender cables shared the same node with the main girder at the lifting point, the support was simulated by elastic support, and the girder end dampers were simulated by the Combin37 unit based on the kelvin model (Hu et al., 2020). The girder end displacement simulation under traffic load is carried out by loading the dynamic random traffic flow data obtained based on the above traffic load simulation method into the finite element model for transient dynamic analysis.
FIGURE 5
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FIGURE 5. The bridge's finite Element Model.
In addition, in order to ensure that the longitudinal simulated motion of the main girder under random traffic flow accords with the actual operating condition of the bridge, the model was updated by adjusting the girder end restraint parameters based on the mechanical performance test results of the bridge's the restraint device.
Based on the bridge's service support, the mechanical properties of the support are tested by changing the state of the wear plate, and the corresponding hysteresis curve is obtained as shown in Figure 6, which shows that the wear plate's friction coefficient of the support is 0.011 under the condition of new silicone grease coverage, which satisfies the specification limit of 0.03. While the friction coefficient of support with a service life of 3.5 years is 0.057, which is much larger than the specification value, and significantly larger than that under the condition of no silicone grease or severe wear (0.028/0.047), indicating that the bridge support with a service life of 3.5 years is not in the service condition of no silicone grease or severe wear, and the significant increase of its friction coefficient mainly lies in the hydrolysis of silicone grease and foreign matter inclusions. The changing trend of the friction coefficient during the support service process is shown in Figure 7. Since the support's service life is about 2.5 years when the dampers are installed, the friction coefficient of the model support is taken to be 0.03 as a result of the above test.
FIGURE 6
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FIGURE 6. Hysteresis curve of the bridge's service support.
FIGURE 7
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FIGURE 7. Variation of friction coefficient during the support's service.
The bridge's health monitoring results showed that its main girder movement velocity is less than 10 mm/s, as shown in Figure 8. The mechanical performance experiment of the bridge's viscous damper shows that the mechanical relationship of the damper before and after service under low-speed conditions (<10 mm/s) do not satisfy its design constitutive relationship, and the damping force under low-speed conditions is smaller than the design value, as shown in Figure 9. Therefore, the damping index of the damper in the model is adjusted to 1,000 kN/m/sα (smaller than the design value), and the adjusted damping force is consistent with the test results, as shown in Figure 9, and the velocity index is the design value of 0.3.
FIGURE 8
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FIGURE 8. Measured girder end motion speed.
FIGURE 9
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FIGURE 9. Damping force versus velocity.
To validate the accuracy of the dynamic analysis model, Figure 10 compares the time-domain curves of the girder end's simulated longitudinal displacement and the measured high-frequency longitudinal displacement (obtained based on the EWT method). It can be seen that the two time-domain curves are relatively similar in fluctuation.
FIGURE 10
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FIGURE 10. Comparison of longitudinal simulated displacement and measured displacement at girder end.
To quantitatively evaluate the similarity between the simulated displacement and the measured displacement, this paper uses the Euclidean distance as the corresponding index. The expression for calculating the Euclidean distance is as follows:
d=i=1nxiyi2(3)
Where xi and yi are the vectors of the two types of signals; the smaller the Euclidean distance, the more similar the two signals. The calculated similarity between the simulated displacement and the measured displacement is 0.1634, indicating that the two signals have a high degree of similarity. Therefore, it can be concluded that the finite element model under random traffic loads established in this study can well simulate the dynamic displacement response of the girder end.
4 Influence of constraint device on girder end displacement
4.1 Effect analysis of viscous damper
The significant longitudinal displacement of a long-span suspension bridge's stiffening girder under dynamic load is characteristic of its structure itself. To control the stiffening girder end displacement response and prolong the service life of expansion joints, bearings, and other components, viscous dampers are usually installed longitudinally at the joint of the tower and girder (Zhao et al., 2020). For analyzing the influence of viscous dampers on the main girder's longitudinal motion, based on the above finite element model under random traffic flow and the measured data of the bridge, this paper compares and analyzes the displacement of the girder end before and after installing dampers to verify the control effect of viscous dampers on the girder end's longitudinal motion.
Figure 11 shows the finite element simulated longitudinal dynamic response of the girder end with random traffic flow before and after installing dampers. As can


text:
Baking soda is appropriate for use in a washing machine, according to Arm & Hammer. Baking soda can be used to remove smells and stains from clothing or to clean the machine itself.
Regular laundry soap can be used along with 1/2 cup of baking soda to brighten a load of white clothing. Baking soda rubbed onto a garment neutralizes stains caused by spills of household cleaners. Adding 1/2 cup of baking soda to the rinse cycle softens clothes naturally and removes persistent odors, such as those in old towels or workout clothes. Materials stuck inside the washing machine, such as candy or gum, can be easily removed by painting the materials with a mixture of baking soda and water.


Quick Answer: How Much Does It Cost To Install A Beam?
What happens if you remove a load bearing wall?
Removing a load bearing wall may create structural problems in a home, including sagging ceilings, unleveled floors, drywall cracks and sticking doors.
Removal of load bearing walls without properly supporting the load they're carrying may occasionally result in a structural collapse and even injury..
How much does it cost to put a support beam in a house?
A load-bearing support beam costs $5 to $20 per foot on average, or between $50 and $200 per foot installed. Support beam materials other than steel include engineered beams like LVL or Glulam, wood, and concrete. LVL beams cost $3 to $12 per foot, while wood beams run $5 to $20.
How do you size a load bearing beam?
Multiply the loading per square foot by the area in square feet of the surface which the beams will be supporting. Divide by the number of beams which will be installed to get the loading per beam.
How long can a support beam be?
Measure your total span between members and ensure that it is not greater than 60 feet. Because of transport limitations, the maximum standard length for manufactured beams is sixty feet.
How much does it cost for a load bearing beam?
Load-Bearing Support Beam Cost A load-bearing support beam costs between $3 and $35 per linear foot, with most homeowners spending $10 to $15 per linear foot. A laminated veneer lumber (LVL) beam costs $60 to $300 on average without installation.
Are ceiling beams expensive?
If you're building from scratch and want real beams, expect to pay an additional 10 to 15 percent more for your home. Real beams cost more than standard framing lumber, and because they're heavy and unwieldy, labor costs to install them are also higher.
What size beam do I need to span 30 feet?
Re: I-beam size 30′ span I would design this with the beam in the 24′ dimension. Most span tables will allow much more than 15′ for 2″ x 12″ joists of almost any species commonly used for construction. A 24′ beam can probably be a GluLam using standard joist hangers for the joists.
Should ceiling beams match floor?
If you have hardwood floors in your living room, it may be tempting to match your ceiling beams with them. … Matching the colors of your ceiling beams with the floor can help unify the visual impact of a space, but it might also create a flat, monotone effect in some cases as well.
How much does it cost to install a wood beam?
The national average materials cost to install decorative beams is $7.49 per linear foot, with a range between $6.72 to $8.26….Install Decorative Beams national average cost.cost to install decorative beamsNational Avg. Cost (materials & labor) for 100 linear foot$1,812.872 more rows
How much does it cost to remove a load bearing wall and install a beam?
How long can a beam span without support?
A 2×8 up to 12 feet; 2×10 to 15 feet and 2×12 to 18 feet. The larger the deck, the larger the joists.
What is the difference between an H beam and an I beam?
I Beams – unsurprisingly, I beams are shaped like the letter 'I'. However, contrary to steel H beams, I beams consist of two horizontal plates (otherwise known as flanges), connected by a vertical component (the web). I beams also have tapered edges and a slightly higher cross-section, compared to the flange width.
How big of a beam do I need to span 20 feet?
How far can you span a triple 2×12 beam?
Joist SpansSouthern Pine3-2X1012′-9″3-2X1215′-0″Douglas Fir-Larch, Hem-Fir, Spruce-Pine-Fir, Redwood, Cedars, Ponderosa Pine, Red Pine3X6 OR 2-2X65′-2″3X8 OR 2-2X86′-7″17 more rows
Do ceiling beams make a room look smaller?
The Long and Short of It. Beams running the length of the room make a short room seem longer. In a small house, or just as an afterthought of a bedroom or guest room, install beams parallel to the longest walls to emphasize the stretch of space.
Are ceiling beams in style?


Home
Noppanit
08 Dec 2010
Ruby: Find unscrambled words from a list of scrambled words
Suppose you have a list of words, and you have another list of unscrambled words. How would you find unscrambled words in the list of words. For example, you have a list of words:
 1. testtest
 2. apple
 3. college
 4. abcdefg
 5. school
 … and a lot more, says 1000 words
And a list of unscrambled words
 1. hoolsc
 2. bgfedcba
 3. ppale
How would you know that the exact word of the list of unscrambled words? How would you know that "hoolsc" is "school".
Here is what I do, I use Ruby to create a hash and find the frequency of each character of each word. And compare the two hashs to see if they contain the same amount of characters. This might not be the most efficient way to do that, but it certainly the easiest way to do.
For instance, "school" would have { "s" => 1, "c" => 1, "h" => 1, "o" => 2, "l" => 1} and "hoolsc" would be {"h" => 1, "o" => 2, "l" => 1, "s" => 1, "c" => 1}. They are different in the position of key, but they have the same number of keys and each key-value pair is equal to the element in the other hash.
Here is the code I created
The words.txt is the list of scrambled words
and the wordlist.txt is the list of unscrambled words
scrambled_words = File.new("words.txt","r")
while (scrambled_word = scrambled_words.gets )
 scrambled_word = "#{scrambled_word}"
 scrambled_word_array = scrambled_word.split(//)

 scrambled_word_hash = Hash.new()
 for word in scrambled_word_array
 if( word != "\r" && word != "\n")
 scrambled_word_hash[word] += 1
 end
 end
 word_list = File.new("wordlist.txt","r")
 while (words = word_list.gets)
 unscrambled_word = "#{words}"
 unscrambled_word_array = unscrambled_word.split(//)
 unscrambled_word_hash = Hash.new()

 for word1 in unscrambled_word_array
 if( word1 != "\r" && word1 != "\n")
 unscrambled_word_hash[word1] += 1
 end
 end
 if scrambled_word_hash == unscrambled_word_hash
 print "#{words},"
 end
 end
 word_list.close
end
scrambled_words.close
You can get wordlist.txt from _URL_ as well. It's really fun.
Til next time,
noppanit at 00:00
scribble


text:
The Danish brewer Carlsberg uses sensors and artificial intelligence from Microsoft to analyze the flavors and predict the taste of a beer.
The beer of tomorrow may be developed by artificial intelligence. In any case, that is the goal pursued by Carlsberg. The famous Danish brand hoppy brew has initiated a program called "The Beer Fingerprinting Project" which measure and detect flavors and aromas in beer.
The goal is to train an AI to be able to predict flavors from yeast samples and other ingredients. For this, Carlsberg has partnered with Denmark's Technical University to develop sensors , and platform cloud computing from Microsoft for data analysis by machine learning algorithms.
The Carlsberg AI already knows how to distinguish a pilsner from a lager
"We create hundreds of small microliter beers in such small volumes that we can not test them," says Jochen Förster, Carlsberg's director of yeast and fermentation. "We realized that if we had sensors that would tell us whether yeast will actually be useful later in large-scale beer production, and that could recognize chemical and aromatic compounds to predict the taste of a beer, would greatly help our research."
The Carlsberg program started just six months ago for a period of three years. But according to the company, the device is already able to distinguish different types of beer pils or lager. Currently, researchers are working to develop the software part to make it easier to use by technicians who will have to use it on a daily basis for production.
Eli Washington is still early into his career as a marketing and tech reporter but has already had his worked published in many major publications including Gizmodo and Endgadget. In regards to academics, Eli earned a degree in business from the University of Southern California. Eli follows the money and covers all aspects of search and marketing here at The Marketing Folk.


text:
Kiğı Dam and Hydroelectric Power Plant was built on Peri Stream, 12 kilometers northeast of Kiğı district of Bingöl province. It has a total installed power of 138 MW with 3 generators, each of which is 46 MW, and its annual generation capacity is estimated as 450 million kWh.
The construction of Kiğı HEPP, located in the Euphrates basin, started on March 5, 1998, and the power plant was completed in 2017.
The dam, which was built in clay core rock filled type, has a crest length of 583 m and a height of 168 m from the river bed. The maximum reservoir volume is 508 hm³ and the lake area is 8.35 km².


text:
What is interfacial pressure HDPE pipe?
Interfacial pressure is used to calculate a fusion joining gauge pressure value for hydraulic butt fusion machines or manual machines equipped with force reading capability. The interfacial pressure is constant for all pipe sizes and all butt fusion machines.
What is the pressure rating of HDPE pipe?
Typically the standard specification identify class of a HDPE pipe is by the nominal pressure class – PN – up to PN 20 or 20 bar.
What is the properties of HDPE pipe?
HDPE pipe is a flexible plastic pipe made of thermoplastic high-density polyethylene widely used for low-temperature fluid and gas transfer….Properties of HDPE Pipes.
|Mechanical Properties||HDPE Properties|
|Yield Strength||18-26 Mpa|
|Elastic Modulus||900 Mpa|
|Hardness||61 Rockwell (Shore)|
What is PE100 HDPE?
PE100 is the third generation of pipe grade PE. It has an optimum balance of three key properties: Minimum Required Strength (MRS) – this provides long-term strength and creep resistance. Stress crack resistance (sometimes referred to as slow crack growth resistance). Rapid crack propagation resistance.
What is fusion pressure?
This process develops pressure, causing flow of the melted materials, which causes mixing and fusion. When the thermoplastic pipe is heated, the molecular structure is transformed from a crystalline state into an amorphous condition. When fusion pressure is applied, the molecules from each pipe end mix.
What is the maximum size of an HDPE compression fitting?
For 75–125mm: max.
What is PE and PN in HDPE pipe?
The PN abbreviation used after the size of the polyethylene pipe represents the maximum pressure that the pipe can withstand; just like PN 16 PE100 DN63 that is a HDPE Pipe made of PE100 material and 63 mm in diameter, and should withstand a pressure of 16 bar.


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Support User Transaction in sCrypt Debugger
We are happy to announce that sCrypt debugger now allows users to input their own transactions when debugging. This is essential when a contract written in sCrypt uses checkSig operation, which needs the current transaction to calculate and verify signature.
Below is an example configuration for debugging a contract. Besides attributes introduced before, there is a new attribute txContext with the following fields:
- hex: current transaction to be used in signature verification in hex format. It can be either signed or unsigned
- opReturn: initial data part of a stateful contract in ASM format. Multiple data pushes are allowed such as "00 1122 ffac"
- inputSatoshis: the amount of the UTXO referenced by the input, in satoshis
- inputIndex: index of the input in the transaction that is spending the UTXO containing our contract
Use Transaction from Testnet
We can debug contracts on the Bitcoin network. For instance, we deployed contract HashPuzzleP2PKH onto testnet using this code. It resulted in two transactions: one containing the contract in its output script and the other spending the output. From the spending transaction, we can easily find txContext and entryMethodParams. From the transaction being spent, we can identify constructorParams. The full debug configuration can be found here.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
4 Definitions of Battle
The definition of battle, the meaning of the word Battle:
Is battle a scrabble word? Yes!
- n. - A hostile meeting of opposing military forces in the course of a war
- n. - An energetic attempt to achieve something
- n. - An open clash between two opposing groups (or individuals)
- v. - Battle or contend against in or as if in a battle
Battle is worth 8 points in Scrabble, and 10 points in Words with Friends
There are 6 letters in battle: A B E L T T
1 Anagram of Battle
Words that can be created with an extra letter added to battle:
55 words found using the letters in "Battle"
6 Letter Words
5 Letter Words
4 Letter Words
3 Letter Words
2 Letter Words
Sign up for our Free Scrabble Words newsletter. We won't send you spam or share your email address with anyone. We Promise.


All about Insulated Tools
Tool safety is a vital thing for any professional who uses them. Choosing the right tool is not only a matter of performance but also the protection it gives the user. Therefore, for protection purposes what are the best tools? The answer is straightforward, insulated tools.
Why insulated tools?
Using insulated tools is not a priority for professionals working on live electrical current. From the performance point of view, the same task can be comfortably done by regular tools. The critical difference between the two is that insulated tools over user protection against electrical shock up to 1000 V.
No amount of modification made on conventional tools such as a garden hose to cover the handles or coating the exposed parts with the coating of ordinary cover will give same level protection such as fully certified insulated tools.
How insulated tools are made
Compared to regular tools, insulated tools are more expensive. The process tools go through to give the user a higher level of protection against electrical menaces is both times consuming and complicated.
The most common methods used to manufacture insulated tools are injection molding and dipping. Choosing one device over the other depends on user habit and personal preference.
The dipping process is mostly used by the North America manufacturers such as Gray tools. The process requires that each device is cleaned, trimmed, polished and laser engraved. To achieve maximum results, most of the process steps need a precise and lengthy amount of curing time.
Insulated tools under the dipping process feature two layers of insulation in contrasting colors. Besides the insulation properties, the inner layer acts as a safety indicator. If the coating becomes visible through the outer layer, the tools are not safe to use.
Asian and European insulated manufacturers prefer the injection molding process. These tools feature handles molded from insulation material.
Things to consider when choosing insulated tools
Once you have decided your preferred tool designs, below are some tips for choosing insulated tools.
Choose a reputable tool manufacturerQuality of a tool is not solely judged on insulation method but also the performance of the tool. Tools from established manufacturers are from within their portfolio. Also, the tools have been tried and tested.
Check the gripYou should have a tool that has a secure grip. This minimizes injuries related to tool drop or slippage.
WarrantiesIf all things are standard, the next step is being keen on the warranty. A warranty can make a difference between efficiency and time lost with warranty claims. Reputable brands have a lifetime guarantee for insulated tools.
How to ensure insulated tools are safe to use
Use insulated tools on areas whose temperatures are compatible with the stipulated manufacturer's specifications.
Each time you plan to use insulated tools, perform a visual inspection. If you find nicks, cuts, cracks, or any other damage to the outer layer, stop using the tool until the mess is mended.
Don't dare to touch un-insulated part of the tool that might come into contact with live electrical.
Keep your insulated tools away from cutting vessels such as razors and utility knives. This helps to stop the damage of insulating material.
Keep your tools away from heat sources.
Clean and maintain your insulated tools regularly for reliable services.
In conclusion, insulated tools provide maximum user protection than regular tools. For more information visit the Facom website, it has further details of insulated tools.


text:
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Germany has been slammed in recent days by thunderstorms that have caused travel disruptions and flash flooding, and more powerful storms are on the way.
Two women were seriously injured after being struck by lightning on Sunday, according to the Associated Press.
New rounds of violent thunderstorms are set to erupt across Germany into the start of the weekend.
These thunderstorms will elevate the risk for travel disruptions while also threatening outdoor events across the country.
Events such as Fressgass' Fest in Frankfurt and the Weindorf Wine Festival in Würzburg could be impacted by the adverse weather.
Thunderstorms will be widespread across the country into Saturday with the afternoon and evening hours being most active.
"Flash flooding and frequent lightning are expected to be the greatest risks from these thunderstorms due to their slow movement," said AccuWeather Senior Meteorologist Kristina Pydynowski. A few of the thunderstorms may also produce damaging winds and hail.
"Low-lying and poor drainage areas can quickly become flooded and streams can rapidly rise out of their banks where thunderstorms stall or repeat over the same area," Pydynowski said.
Remember never to drive through flooded roads to avoid a potentially deadly situation. The road underneath may be damaged, or the current of the water may be strong enough to sweep vehicles away.
Recent flooding is being blamed for contributing to animals escaping at the Eifel Zoo in Lünebach on Friday. The enclosures of the animals were damaged when a river overflowed, according to the news outlet SWR3.
The escaped animals have since been captured.
In lünebach haben wir heute wunderbares Grill Wetter! Dazu sind auch noch Wildtiere aus dem Zoo ausgebrochen... Der Tag ist super! _URL_ Fliesen_Tisch (@Fliesen__Tisch) June 1, 2018
"On Saturday, northern Germany from Hamburg to Berlin and Dresden may face the most numerous heavy thunderstorms and greatest risk for new flooding issues," Pydynowski said.
"However, there can still be a few drenching thunderstorms elsewhere in Germany that cause localized flash flooding," she said. "That is especially true where the ground has been left saturated from recent heavy rain."
More of southern Germany is expected to dry out on Sunday, leading to a good day for outdoor plans in Munich, Stuttgart and Nuremberg. A couple of thunderstorms returning to northern Germany can once again put weekend activities in jeopardy in Hanover, Hamburg and Berlin.
A push of dry air from Scandinavia will further reduce thunderstorms early next week, limiting the threat to southern parts of the country.
The shift to drier weather will not mean an end to the recent warmth, as temperatures are forecast to remain above normal across the country throughout next week.
Comments that don't add to the conversation may be automatically or manually removed by Facebook or AccuWeather. Profanity, personal attacks, and spam will not be tolerated.
With the exception of a day here and there, the overall weather pattern will remain chilly in the northeastern United States with opportunities for snow through the end of October.
Following a retreat of moisture, more rain will spread across Texas this week, and eventually reach areas along the Florida Gulf Coast still recovering from Hurricane Michael.
Vicente and Willa, which is expected to become a major hurricane, will combine to bring a one-two tropical punch to southwestern and western Mexico this week.
Cold air will settle over the Northeast this week, bringing a chilly start to the 2018 World Series.
A very sharp cold front sent damaging winds and snow through areas near Chicago, Illinois.
With the northeastern United States facing gusty winds, plummeting temperatures and even snow this weekend, residents may be wondering how long the taste of winter will last.
One of the most famous meteor showers of the year is set to reach its peak this weekend as the Orionids will be visible in the night sky.
Homes were flooded and more than two dozen people had to be rescued from their cars as torrential rain triggered flooding in eastern Spain late this week.


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Built in just 10 months, it was the nation's largest shipyard
Philadelphia's Hog Island was the first shipyard built for the mass production of freighters as a result of the onset of World War I. In 1917, the United States established several government-owned shipyards to fulfill its wartime shipping needs-to get troops and supplies to Europe as quickly as possible. Contracts were signed over the next year and Hog Island Shipyard, the largest of three such facilities, was slated to build 180 ships-vessels that came to be known as Hog Islanders. To meet the hastened schedule, the process of shipbuilding had to be reinvented. Like a modern day assembly line, Hog Island was the first shipyard designed to build 50 ships simultaneously.
With groundbreaking ceremonies on September 22, 1917, Hog Island celebrated its first launch just 10 months later on August 5, 1918. With approximately 100,000 people in attendance, including President and Mrs. Woodrow Wilson, the ship known as Quistconck was ceremoniously christened, although it was not 100% complete. Unfortunately, the Quistconck was not fully seaworthy until after November 11, 1918, when the war officially ended.
Hog Island was said to be the "eighth wonder of the world," but throughout the entire development of the shipyard, it was plagued with enormous cost overruns and government investigations. Not one ship was delivered before the war ended. Over its 4-year lifespan, a total of 122 ships were built, with the last one delivered on January 22, 1921.
In 1930, the United States government transferred ownership of the 911 acres of Hog Island to the City of Philadelphia in order to develop Philadelphia Municipal Airport.


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CultureUnited Arab Emirates
Sometimes a city's biggest secret is hidden in its name. But take a closer look at the names of these famous metropoles and all will be revealed!
In Arabic, the name of the capital of the United Arab Emirates means 'Father of the Gazelle', most likely in reference to the animals that populate the emirate.
You don't need to dig too deep to find the meaning behind the name Amsterdam. It refers to the 'dam' on which the city was constructed along the River Amstel. So literally translated, Amsterdam means 'the dam of the Amstel'.
It only takes a basic knowledge of Greek mythology to find the origin of the name of Greece's capital city. The goddess of wisdom, war and craft was called Athena.
The old name for this French city was Burdigala. By chopping the word up, we find the words 'burd' (muddy) and 'gala' (creek). So the name Bordeaux would originally have meant 'the creek in the marshes or wetlands'.
Dubai was named for a type of grasshopper, or locust, which thrives in this desert region. Its Arabic name is 'dibba'.


$key, $member ); =head3 sunion my _USER_ = $r->sunion( $key1, $key2,... ); my $elements = $r->sunion( $key1, $key2,... ); # ARRAY ref =head3 sunionstore my $ok = $r->sunionstore( $dstkey, $key1, $key2,... ); =head2 Commands operating on hashes Hashes in Redis cannot be nested as in perl, if you want to store a nested hash, you need to serialize the hash first. If you want to have a named hash, you can use Redis-hashes. You will find an example in the tests of this module t/01-basic.t =head3 hset Sets the value to a key in a hash. $r->hset('hashname', $key => $value); ## returns true on success =head3 hget Gets the value to a key in a hash. my $value = $r->hget('hashname', $key); =head3 hexists if($r->hexists('hashname', $key) { ## do something, the key exists } else { ## the key does not exist } =head3 hdel Deletes a key from a hash if($r->hdel('hashname', $key)) { ## key is deleted } else { ## oops } =head3 hincrby Adds an integer to a value. The integer is signed, so a negative integer decrements. my $key = 'testkey'; $r->hset('hashname', $key => 1); ## value -> 1 my $increment = 1; ## has to be an integer $r->hincrby('hashname', $key => $increment); ## value -> 2 $increment = 5; $r->hincrby('hashname', $key => $increment); ## value -> 7 $increment = -1; $r->hincrby('hashname', $key => $increment); ## value -> 6 =head3 hsetnx Adds a key to a hash unless it is not already set. my $key = 'testnx'; $r->hsetnx('hashname', $key => 1); ## returns true $r->hsetnx('hashname', $key => 2); ## returns false because key already exists =head3 hmset Adds multiple keys to a hash. $r->hmset('hashname', 'key1' => 'value1', 'key2' => 'value2'); ## returns true on success =head3 hmget Returns multiple keys of a hash. my _USER_ = $r->hmget('hashname', 'key1', 'key2'); =head3 hgetall Returns the whole hash. my %hash = $r->hgetall('hashname'); =head3 hkeys Returns the keys of a hash. my _USER_ = $r->hkeys('hashname'); =head3 hvals Returns the values of a hash. my _USER_ = $r->hvals('hashname'); =head3 hlen Returns the count of keys in a hash. my $keycount = $r->hlen('hashname'); =head2 Sorting =head3 sort $r->sort("key BY pattern LIMIT start end GET pattern ASC|DESC ALPHA'); =head2 Publish/Subscribe commands When one of L or L is used, the Redis object will enter I mode. When in I mode only commands in this section, plus L, will be accepted. If you plan on using PubSub and other Redis functions, you should use two Redis objects, one dedicated to PubSub and the other for regular commands. All Pub/Sub commands receive a callback as the last parameter. This callback receives three arguments: =over 4 =item * The published message. =item * The topic over which the message was sent. =item * The subscribed topic that matched the topic for the message. With L these last two are the same, always. But with L, this parameter tells you the pattern that matched. =back See the L for more information about the messages you will receive on your callbacks after each L, L, L and L. =head3 publish $r->publish($topic, $message); Publishes the C<< $message >> to the C<< $topic >>. =head3 subscribe $r->subscribe( _USER_, sub { my ($message, $topic, $subscribed_topic) = _USER_;... }, ); Subscribe one or more topics. Messages published into one of them will be received by Redis, and the specificed callback will be executed. =head3 unsubscribe $r->unsubscribe(_USER_, sub { my ($m, $t, $s) = _USER_;... }); Stops receiving messages for all the topics in C<_USER_>. =head3 psubscribe my _USER_ = ('prefix1.*', 'prefix2.*'); $r->psubscribe(_USER_, sub { my ($m, $t, $s) = _USER_;... }); Subscribes a pattern of topics. All messages to topics that match the pattern will be delivered to the callback. =head3 punsubscribe my _USER_ = ('prefix1.*', 'prefix2.*'); $r->punsubscribe(_USER_, sub { my ($m, $t, $s) = _USER_;... }); Stops receiving messages for all the topics pattern matches in C<_USER_>. =head3 is_subscriber if ($r->is_subscriber) { say "We are in Pub/Sub mode!" } Returns true if we are in I mode. =head3 wait_for_messages my $keep_going = 1; ## Set to false somewhere to leave the loop my $timeout = 5; $r->wait_for_messages($timeout) while $keep_going; Blocks, waits for incoming messages and delivers them to the appropriate callbacks. Requires a single parameter, the number of seconds to wait for messages. Use 0 to wait for ever. If a positive non-zero value is used, it will return after that ammount of seconds without a single notification. Please note that the timeout is not a commitement to return control to the caller at most each C seconds, but more a idle timeout, were control will return to the caller if Redis is idle (as in no messages were received during the timeout period) for more than C seconds. The L call returns the number of messages processed during the run. =head2 Persistence control commands =head3 save $r->save; =head3 bgsave $r->bgsave; =head3 lastsave $r->lastsave; =head2 Scripting commands =head3 eval $r->eval($lua_script, $num_keys, $key1,..., $arg1, $arg2); Executes a Lua script server side. Note that this commands sends the Lua script every time you call it. See L and L for an alternative. =head3 evalsha $r->eval($lua_script_sha1, $num_keys, $key1,..., $arg1, $arg2); Executes a Lua script cached on the server side by its SHA1 digest. See L. =head3 script_load my ($sha1) = $r->script_load($lua_script); Cache Lua script, returns SHA1 digest that can be used with L. =head3 script_exists my ($exists1, $exists2,...) = $r->script_exists($scrip1_sha, $script2_sha,...); Given a list of SHA1 digests, returns a list of booleans, one for each SHA1, that report the existence of each script in the server cache. =head3 script_kill $r->script_kill; Kills the currently running script. =head3 script_flush $r->script_flush; Flush the Lua scripts cache. =head2 Remote server control commands =head3 info my $info_hash = $r->info; The C method is unique in that it decodes the server's response into a hashref, if possible. This decoding happens in both synchronous and pipelined modes. =head3 shutdown $r->shutdown; The C method does not support pipelined operation. =head3 slowlog my $nr_items = $r->slowlog("len"); my _USER_ = $r->slowlog("get", 10); The C command gives access to the server's slow log. =head2 Multiple databases handling commands =head3 select $r->select( $dbindex ); # 0 for new clients =head3 move $r->move( $key, $dbindex ); =head3 flushdb $r->flushdb; =head3 flushall $r->flushall; =head1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The following persons contributed to this project (alphabetical order): =over 4 =item * Aaron Crane (pipelining and AUTOLOAD caching support) =item * Dirk Vleugels =item * Flavio Poletti =item * Jeremy Zawodny =item * sunnavy at bestpractical.com =item * Thiago Berlitz Rondon =item * Ulrich Habel =back =head1 AUTHORS =over 4 =item * Pedro Melo =item * Damien Krotkine =back =head1 COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE This software is Copyright (c) 2013 by Pedro Melo, Damien Krotkine. This is free software, licensed under: The Artistic License 2.0 (GPL Compatible)


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Discovered: A camera that can see around corners, why we don't eat smelly foods, the super-Earth is not so super, noise pollution is also bad for plants and abnormal brain development might determine personality.
- This camera takes pictures of things it never saw. Remember that camera that could capture the speed of light we learned all about last December? The brains at the MIT media lab intended on using that technology for a camera that can see around corners. And, they have accomplished just that, creating a contraption that captures images of things around corners. It works like a periscope but instead of using reflective surfaces it uses walls, doors and floors -- things that do not reflect light. That sounds like straight-up magic to us. But, this video claims it's just science being science. [MIT Media Lab]
- Why we don't eat smelly foods. We didn't realize that not eating smelly foods was a thing, because we quite like smelly foods. But science says it's a thing and has also discovered the reason behind the aversion. Our brains and taste-buds tell us to take smaller bites of things with strong aromas because the smaller bites make us taste the food less than bigger ones. "Perhaps, in keeping with the idea that smaller bites are associated with lower flavour sensations from the food and that, there is an unconscious feedback loop using bite size to regulate the amount of flavour experienced," explains researcher Rene A de Wijk. All of this, one day, could be used as some sort of dieting scheme. [BioMed Central Limited]
- The Super Earth is not so super. That new "possibly habitable" Super-Earth science got all excited about isn't all that after all. (Go, original Earth!) It can maybe still support life, because liquid water could possible exist there -- it's all very dubious. One thing is for sure, though. The planet could never transfer life to another one of its solar-system neighbors. "Planet d would have a very small chance of transferring material to the other planets in the Gliese system and, thus, is far more isolated, biologically, than the inner planets of our own solar system," explained researcher Laci Brock. "It really shows us how unique our solar system is." So, should we start calling it not-so-Super-Earth now? [Lunar and Planetary Science]
- Noise pollution is also bad for plants. It makes sense that human noises would scare and probably harm animals, but plants? Science says yes. The animals react to the noise, and thus have different pollination and eating habits. The whole thing has an unintended consequences domino effect thing going on because once the plants change then the whole eco-system changes, attracting different types of animals. [National Evolutionary Synthesis Center]
- If you have this type of personality you might have a brain defect. Are you both gregarious and anxious? (Yes... ) Well it might have something to do with abnormal brain development, which cause a disease called Williams Syndrome, finds research out of NIH. "Scans of the brain's tissue composition, wiring, and activity produced converging evidence of genetically-caused abnormalities in the structure and function of the front part of the insula and in its connectivity to other brain areas in the circuit," explains researcher Karen Berman. [Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences]


Electrolytically generated hydrogen warm water cleanses the keratin-plug-clogged hair-pores and promotes the capillary blood-streams, more markedly than normal warm water does
Nobuhiko Miwa, Yasukazu Saitoh, Yoshiharu Tanaka
Read more:
DOI: 10.4103/2045-9912.229598 DOI is the universal ID for this study.
This link will take you to the full study.
Abstract:
Biomedical properties of hydrogen water have been extensively investigated, but the effect of hydrogen on good healthy subjects remains unclear. This study was designed to explore the hygiene improvement by electrolytically generated hydrogen warm water (40°C) on capillary blood streams, skin moisture, and keratin plugs in skin pores in normal good healthy subjects with their informed consents. Fingertip-capillary blood stream was estimated after hand-immersing in hydrogen warm water by videography using a CCD-based microscope, and the blood flow levels increased to about 120% versus normal warm water, after 60 minutes of the hand-immersing termination. Skin moisture of subjects was assessed using an electro-conductivity-based skin moisture meter. Immediately after taking a bath filled with hydrogen warm water, the skin moisture increased by 5-10% as compared to before bathing, which was kept on for the 7-day test, but indistinct, because of lower solubility of hydrogen in 'warm' water than in room-temperature water. Cleansing of keratin plugs in skin-pores was assessed by stereoscopic microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. After hydrogen warm water bathing, the numbers of cleansed keratin plugs also increased on cheek of subjects 2.30- to 4.47-fold as many as the control for normal warm water. And areas of cleansed keratin plugs in the cheeks increased about 1.3-fold as much as the control. More marked improvements were observed on cheeks than on nostrils. Hydrogen warm water may thoroughly cleanse even keratin-plugs of residual amounts that could not be cleansed by normal warm water, through its permeability into wide-ranged portions of hair-pores, and promote the fingertip blood streams more markedly than merely through warmness due to normal warm water.
Publish Year 2018
Country Japan
Rank Positive
Journal Medical Gas Research
Primary Topic Skin
Secondary TopicCosmetic Skin Issues
Model Human
Tertiary TopicKeratin Plugs
Vehicle Water (Electrolysis)
pH Neutral
Application Bath
Comparison
Complement


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Analysis of hallucinations and fear complex cause for psychological abnormalities of the protagonist Brutus Jones In Eugene O'Neill's The Emperor Jones
1Dr. M. Nallathambi, T. Gnanasekaran
In order to explore the fundamental themes of human life itself—the endless conflicts of good and evil, of light and darkness, of civilization and savagery, O'Neill experimented with expressionistic techniques in some of his early plays. In The Emperor Jones, published in 1921, O'Neill makes special use of symbolic scenes and sound effects to portray certain psychological states of mind, hallucination and the emotional intensity of his protagonist: Brutus Jones. This study reveals the psychological abnormalities of the protagonist Brutus Jones The Emperor Jones is arranged in eight scenes dramatizing the psychological journey by which of an island in the West Indies to a man acknowledging his guilt, attempting to do away with the evil in himself, and finally accepting his humanity. Central to the process of this journey are Jones' feelings of isolation and his quest for belonging. The present study explains the scene wise summary of the psychological abnormalities, struggles and the tragic end of the hero Brutus Jones.
conflicts, civilization, savagery, psychological states of mind, hallucination, emotional intensity, psychological abnormalities, isolation, humanity, quest for belonging


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noun, plural jour·neys.
- a traveling from one place to another, usually taking a rather long time; trip: a six-day journey across the desert.
- a distance, course, or area traveled or suitable for traveling: a desert journey.
- a period of travel: a week's journey.
- passage or progress from one stage to another: the journey to success.
verb (used without object), jour·neyed, jour·ney·ing.
- to make a journey; travel.
- a travelling from one place to another; trip or voyage
- the distance travelled in a journey
- the time taken to make a journey
- (intr) to make a journey
c.1200, "a defined course of traveling; one's path in life," from Old French journee "day's work or travel" (12c.), from Vulgar Latin diurnum "day," noun use of neuter of Latin diurnus "of one day" (see diurnal). Meaning "act of traveling by land or sea" is c.1300. In Middle English it also meant "a day" (c.1400); a day's work (mid-14c.); "distance traveled in one day" (mid-13c.), and as recently as Johnson (1755) the primary sense was still "the travel of a day."
mid-14c., "travel from one place to another," from Anglo-French journeyer, Old French journoier, from journee (see journey (n.)). Related: Journeyed; journeying.


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Lending a helping hand to develop African soil information
2 December 2011
Six West African soil scientists are visiting the Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources to undertake intensive training in digital soil mapping coordinated by the University of Sydney's Associate Professor Inakwu Odeh. The visiting fellows are sponsored by AusAID as part of the Australian Leadership Awards Fellowships program.
Associate Professor Inakwu Odeh and colleagues from the Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources-Dr Thomas Bishop and Dr Budiman Minasny - have organised a six week program for the African visiting fellows to run in November and December 2011.
Coming from universities and government research and soil management agencies in Nigeria, Ghana, Cameroon and Senegal, the six visitors will further their soil science expertise using the latest soil mapping techniques.
"There is a lack of accurate soil information in many developing countries, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa," said Associate Professor Inakwu Odeh, from the Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources.
"This is particularly disturbing because agriculture, which should be based on careful selection of suitable soil and land resources, is the dominant economic activity in the continent," explained Associate Professor Odeh.
"So we're working with local African scientists to share our digital mapping expertise and software, so they can use these techniques in their home countries."
Associate Professor Odeh will run training sessions on using geographic information system data for digital soil mapping and agricultural statistical analysis.
"We're using open source and free statistical analysis software that our visiting fellows can access and use when they return to their home countries," said Associate Professor Odeh.
Soil is fundamental to important ecosystem services such as food production, biodiversity, and climate and environmental regulation. As such, there has been increased interest in accurate soil information at high spatial resolution for the purpose of management decisions regarding these services.
"According to statistics published in 2010 by the Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations, agricultural production in sub-Saharan Africa has grown over the past 50 years, but more slowly than the population. That means that there has been a decline in per capita energy accessibility - so not enough food being produced per person in these countries," explained Associate Professor Odeh.
"Additionally, it turns out this very modest growth in production has been primarily through area expansion, with yields per hectare especially stagnant over the same period," said Associate Professor Odeh.
"The problem is there's been ill-informed selection of production areas, rather than strategically developing areas with more productive soils. Soil mapping is key to this strategic selection of agricultural areas."
To meet the increased soil information demand in sub-Saharan Africa, a regional project called Africa Soil Information Service was launched in 2009 under the guidance of the GlobalSoilMap.Net consortium in which the University of Sydney is a major player under the leadership of Professor Alex McBratney.
The six visiting fellows are all key participants in the Africa Soil Information Service project, with their time spent at the University of Sydney aimed at capacity building in the new techniques of digital soil mapping and assessment - techniques developed at the University of Sydney and now used internationally.
This multilateral program will enable the participants to work on this regional goal and achieve high standards in the production of the functional soil information and the subsequent management recommendations across the region.
"As part of our University's contribution to the effort of creating digital soil information for Africa, I recently spent six months in Africa and the Netherlands, lending a helping hand to the efforts of creating digital soil maps for Nigeria," said Associate Professor Odeh.
"This current training in November and December of the West African soil scientists will further enhance the collaboration between our University and a number of key institutions in the region."
Contact: Associate Professor Inakwu Odeh
Phone: 02 8627 1055


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NGO's Efficiency and Transparency Policy: The Colombian Case
MetadataShow full item record
In recent years the influence of Colombian non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in diverse social sectors of the country has increased. However, the legitimacy of this sector has been undermined by corruption. This distrust has questioned the efficiency of NGOs as social tools. Transparency as a mechanism against corruption and one of the tools that improves the functioning of an organization is considered. There is no doubt that Internet is an essential element in disseminating information to the different stakeholders of the organization.This paper sets out three main objectives: i) the analysis of information disclosure through the Internet of Colombian NGOs, ii) the analysis of the efficiency of these entities in reaching their social goals and, iii) the analysis of the online transparency effect in a greater efficiency of the Colombian NGOs.


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Farmers not hopeful about future
FARMERS are more pessimistic now than they have been for more than two years, according to a private survey.
The farmers say they feel this way in response to government policies and global economic uncertainty.
More farmers are expecting conditions to worsen rather than improve over the next year, according to the latest quarterly Rabobank Rural Confidence Survey, released yesterday.
The survey found that 35% of farmers expected conditions to worsen in the coming year, compared to 12% in the prior quarter.
Rabobank's Rural Australia general manager, Peter Knoblanche, said the fall in farmer confidence appeared to be influenced by factors outside the farm gate.
"Global market volatility and concerns about public policy issues were shown to have had the main dampening effect on farmer confidence this quarter," Mr Knoblanche said in a statement.
Nearly half of the farmers expecting conditions to worsen over the next year had nominated government interventionist policies as a major factor.
Farmers were concerned about the federal government's proposed carbon tax, the suspension of live cattle exports to Indonesia and the effect of mining and coal seam gas exploration on agriculture.
Only 18% of farmers expected the agricultural economy to improve, compared to 42% in the prior quarter.
Conditions were expected to stay the same by 42% of farmers.
Just over half, 52%, of all farmers surveyed believed coal seam gas exploration to be a threat to agriculture.
Only 7% believed coal seam gas exploration to be an opportunity, while 40% were undecided.
Of those farmers who expected conditions to improve over the next year, 52% cited rising commodity prices as the main influence, and 46% cited favourable seasonal conditions.
Mr Knoblanche said seasonal conditions were generally good or average across Australia.
There has been sufficient rain to maintain winter crops and pasture growth, although average spring rainfall would be needed to guarantee a decent harvest.
According to the survey, farmer sentiment had weakened in all states, with Queensland farmers the least confident and Tasmanian farmers the most confident.
All sectors recorded a decline in confidence.
Cattle farmers were the least confident, and dairy farmers were the most confident.


HomeDefinitionsCareer DictionaryLoudermill Rights
Loudermill Rights
The term Loudermill Rights refers to those due process requirements that are followed when a tenured public employee is involuntarily terminated. Loudermill Rights are based on a U.S. Supreme Court decision: Cleveland Board of Education v. Loudermill (1985).
Tenured public employees were granted Loudermill Rights following a Supreme Court decision, which determined that most public employees have a property interest in their job. For this reason, they are afforded due process rights before removing or impacting their property interest in their job. This "property right" means non-probationary public employees can only be terminated for cause. They may also be entitled to certain rights in cases of severe discipline.
Generally, the following steps are followed when a tenured public employee is involuntarily terminated:
 1. Loudermill Letter: employees are entitled to proper notice, indicating why they are being fired as well as any specific evidence supporting the employer's decision to terminate the employee. The letter will also inform the employee of their right to a hearing.
 2. Pre-Termination Hearing: also referred to as a Loudermill Hearing, this is a relatively informal meeting that provides an opportunity to determine if there are reasonable grounds to terminate after the employee addresses the evidence of the case. Individuals attending this meeting typically include the employee, their direct supervisor, a member of the human resources department, and a union representative.
 3. Post-Termination Hearing: if the employee is subsequently terminated, they are entitled to a full evidentiary hearing. The purpose of this meeting is to verify the facts presented against the employee, and whether or not the involuntary termination is justified.
Note: If the employee does not attend the pre-termination hearing, the employer can still proceed with termination.
Related Terms
termination benefits, contractual termination benefits, special termination benefit, constructive discharge, voting rights


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Adams Tunnel East Portal, Colorado
A 13-mile long ten-foot wide water tunnel runs under Rocky Mountain National Park, from one end to the other, crossing 3,700 feet under the Continental Divide. It is the fulcrum of a network of trans-basin, trans-divide reservoirs and pipelines known as the Colorado-Big Thompson project, built by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, and completed in 1947, at a cost of $160 million. The system involves a number of reservoirs, pipelines, and pumping stations on the western slope to collect water that would otherwise flow into the Colorado River, and away to places like California. After passing through the tunnel, the water enters a pipeline and heads to a string of downstream reservoirs, including Lake Estes, a reservoir in Estes Park, made by damming the Big Thompson River. From there, Colorado River water, now joined with the eastern slope's Big Thomson River water, flows off to other reservoirs that store water to be used by the booming population in cities north of Denver. When the tunnel opened in 1947, it was the longest irrigation water tunnel in the nation. Today the annual 220,000 acre-feet of water it delivers is consumed by a variety of end users, mostly urban.


Quick Answer: How Do You Permanently Delete Files So They Cannot Be Recovered?
Where do things go when you delete them off your phone?
If you delete an item from your Android device without it being backed up, it will stay in your bin for 60 days.
If you see a photo or video in Google Photos that you think you deleted, it might be on a removable memory card.
To delete it, use your device's gallery app..
How do I permanently delete data from my phone?
Is anything ever really deleted from your phone?
The reality is that the file is not deleted and the data it contained still remains on the drive or storage card." … "The take-away is that even deleted data on your used phone can be recovered unless you completely overwrite it."
Can hackers retrieve deleted files?
Deleted files are at risk Cybercriminals and hackers can gain access to personal information stored in your computer even after you think you've deleted the files. This includes everything from financial documents to scanned images. If you think those files are gone because they've been deleted, think again.
How do I permanently delete photos from my phone?
To permanently delete an item from your device:On your Android phone or tablet, open the Google Photos app.Sign in to your Google Account.Select the items you want to delete from your Android phone or tablet.In the top right, tap More Delete from device.
How do I delete a file that won't delete?
How to delete files that won't deleteMethod 1. Close apps.Method 2. Close Windows Explorer.Method 3. Reboot Windows.Method 4. Use Safe Mode.Method 5. Use a software deletion app.Aug 14, 2019
What happens to permanently deleted photos?
Where Do Deleted Photos Go on Android. … In that folder, you will find all the photos you have deleted within the last 30 days. If you want to recover recently deleted pictures, simply choose the photos, and tap the Restore button. While if the pictures are more than 30 days old, they will be permanently deleted.
Where do pictures go after you permanently delete them?
Instead, the image is sent to the Recently Deleted album in the Photos app where it remains for 30 days. During that time you can return a photo from the Recently Deleted album to your phone. You can also choose to delete it permanently.
Does emptying recycle bin permanently delete?
When you delete a file from your computer, it moves to the Windows Recycle Bin. You empty the Recycle Bin and the file is permanently erased from the hard drive. … Until the space is overwritten, it is possible to recover the deleted data by using a low-level disk editor or data-recovery software.
Where does the permanently deleted files go?
When you delete a file from your computer, it moves to the Windows Recycle Bin. You empty the Recycle Bin and the file is permanently erased from the hard drive. … Instead, the space on the disk that was occupied by the deleted data is "deallocated."
Can Factory reset data be recovered?
Factory Reset does NOT delete all data When you factory reset your Android phone, even though your phone system becomes factory new, but some of the old Personal information is not deleted. … But all the data is present in your phone memory and can be easily recovered using a free data-recovery tool such as FKT Imager.
Is anything ever really deleted from the Internet?
The problem with deleting information is that nothing is ever really gone from the internet. … You, and other users of that site, might not be able to see the deleted info, but it's still stored somewhere. And in some cases, that content doesn't really belong to you anymore.
Can police see deleted history?
So, can police recover deleted pictures, texts, and files from a phone? The answer is yes—by using special tools, they can find data that hasn't been overwritten yet. However, by using encryption methods, you can ensure your data is kept private, even after deletion.
Are deleted files gone forever?
As Andy O'Donnell of About reports, a deleted file isn't necessarily lost forever. … Windows users delete a file and send it to the Recycle Bin, which they'll empty later. Once the Recycle Bin is emptied, most users have lost any means of accessing or recovering those files. But, they may not be completely deleted.
How do you make a file unrecoverable?
Does factory reset remove all data?
When you do a factory reset on your Android device, it erases all the data on your device. It is similar to the concept of formatting a computer hard drive, which deletes all the pointers to your data, so the computer no longer knows where the data is stored.
How do I permanently delete deleted files on Android?
5 Best Ways to Permanently Delete Android DataDelete Items Using a File Manager. The worst way to delete a private file from your Android phone is from within the associated app. … Erase Data With a File Shredder. … Delete Android Files From Your PC. … Erase Sensitive Files From SD Cards. … Restore Your Phone to Factory Settings.Nov 8, 2020
How do I delete unwanted files?
Right-click your main hard drive (usually the C: drive) and select Properties. Click the Disk Cleanup button and you'll see a list of items that can be removed, including temporary files and more. For even more options, click Clean up system files. Tick the categories you want to remove, then click OK > Delete Files.
Where does recycle bin files go when deleted?
When you restore files deleted from the Recycle Bin, they will appear in their original location in the folder from which they were deleted. The "Original Location" column in the Recycle Bin shows this location.
The app that lets you permanently erase deleted files is called Secure Eraser, and it's available for free on the Google Play Store. To begin, search the app by name and get it installed, or head directly to the install page at the following link: Install Secure Eraser for free from the Google Play Store.
Can hackers access permanently deleted photos?
Two researchers have recently found a vulnerability that could let hackers access your images, even if you previously deleted them. Richard Zhu and Amat Cama of Fluoroacetate discovered the bug at a recent hacker contest. … Until then, the recently deleted images remain accessible to hackers.
Are deleted files really deleted?
When you a delete a file, it isn't really erased – it continues existing on your hard drive, even after you empty it from the Recycle Bin. This allows you (and other people) to recover files you've deleted.
Are emails ever permanently deleted?
Most email programs, such as Gmail, Yahoo or Outlook, simply move the deleted email to a trash folder that permanently erases the email only after a certain length of time. … In some folders, such as those marked as "Spam," emails will be erased forever the first time you choose to delete them.


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A non-Newtonian Fluid is one for which stress is not linearly related to strain-rate. All non-Newtonian fluids are elasticoviscous, that is they combine elastic and viscous properties. When the time-scale of a flow tf is much less than the relaxation time tr of an elasticoviscous material, elastic effects dominate. When on the other hand tf is much greater than tr, elastic effects relax sufficiently for viscous effects to dominate. The ratio tr/tf is a dimensionless number of particular significance in the study of flow of non-Newtonian fluids: depending on the circumstances, this number is called the Weissenberg Number or the Deborah Number. The Weissenberg number Ws is named after Karl Weissenberg, an early worker in the field of non-Newtonian fluids. The definition of Ws depends on that of tf which is given by:
where tr() denotes trace and e denotes strain-rate given in terms of velocity u by:
For a simple shear flow with shear-rate γ:
while for a simple extensional flow with extension rate ε:
Thus for flow at mean velocity U through a pipe of diameter D and length L, and so. By contrast the Deborah number. Thus Ws is larger than De by the ratio L/D.


Scientific Method and Steps in Scientific Inquiry Paper
Words: 1055
Pages: 5
Scientific Method and Steps in Scientific Inquiry Paper
Monique Reed
February 22, 2015
Dora Baker
Scientific Method and Steps in Scientific Inquiry Paper
In this paper in will provide details on how scientific methods can be used in the Human services. Explaining the steps of scientific methods, and how it serves as an important key to Human services professionals. Each steps will be included on how they are define and what purpose it serves will scientific methods are applied. Human services professionals use the scientific methods to gain information on the client as well as how to approach the clients issues. Also researching other resources to meet the needs of the client to ensure the client is receiving accurate
…show more content…
The Article
After researching articles that concerns Human services professionals and scientific methods, Academic integrity in action research by Mortin Levin was found. The article demonstrates on how to focus on solving pertinent problems. Details in the article reveals how to solve problems by using research skills to help determine what to be the right solution and what is determined to be not helpful in solving problems. According to the text book "Academic integrity is introduced as the issue that is essential for shaping research of high rigor from AR, and it is conceptualized as the combination of formal (substantive and methodological) research skills, strategic political capacity, and the ethical and moral stature necessary to argue and act for seeking the best possible understanding (truth)" (Mortin Levin (AR) 2013). This article demonstrates how scientific methods is applied to when it concerns researching how to solve problems. Finding out first what the topic, meaning what is the problem. Finding the right resource that pertains to the problem and how can they be used to identify the problem. The article also identifies why problem solving is important and how it can produced positive results. The article used communication, and writing skills to help with


Arduino kit for physic experiments in collaboration with Google.
Arduino science kit physics lab
During my collaboration with Arduino I worked as designer on different projects between exhibition, research and interaction.
Among these one of the last is Arduino Science Kit Physic Lab.
 Science kit is an Arduino product in collaboration with Google. A kit for middle school students, which interfaces with the Google science journal app. The idea is to create a kit that through simple and fun experiments can explain the basic concepts of physics to students. I worked with the Arduino team together, to translate the various experiments into products.
The project has several constraints: materials and number of pieces, experiments and limited budget. The parts are produced in PCB the same materia of the Arduino boards.
The pieces are in minimum numbers to allow a substantial number of experiments but keeping within the budget.
Standard products were then used to allow the assembly of the pieces. I dealt with the translation and interaction with the product and the app, with the prototyping and design part of the kit.
Arduino and Google
UX research
Product design
Next 


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See the sample of sop for ms in civil engineering course and learn how to write a good statement of purpose for civil engineering. Sample statement of purpose - electrical engineering example essay give your statement of purpose an edge at essayedgecom my decision to pursue graduate study in. Want to build better cities with a master's degree in civil and environmental engineering, you'll have the expertise to design infrastructure that improves quality. A master's or phd in civil engineering could mean faster career progression, a higher salary, and more interesting projects. Sample statement of purpose: environmental engineering a phd so that i can pursue a career in research and experience the excitement and. Learn how our best writing service can provide you with a statement of purpose civil engineering example which is tailored to your particular graduate school.
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