text:
Mayhew is located at west of Columbus, north of Artesia, east of Starkville and south of West Point. According to the United States Geological Survey, a variant name is Mayhew Station. Mayhew Station was the original name given to this community when it was moved from its original site (near Muldrow, Mississippi) to alongside the tracks of the newly built Mobile and Ohio Railroad (later Gulf, Mobile & Ohio) in the very early 1850s. The original location of the town of Mayhew is now referred to as Old Mayhew, but only a cemetery exists there today. Mayhew held the distinction for most of the 20th Century as being home to Stover Apiaries, the world's largest Queen Bee apiary, which shipped queen bees to beekeepers worldwide.
Mayhew is also referred to as Mayhew Junction by area residents, a reference to when US Highways 82 and 45 crossed as at-grade two-lane highways. Before the construction of the new US 82 and the expansion of US 45 to four lanes, the intersection of the original highways was a four way stop, because it was quite dangerous. Several bars and service stations lined the four sides of the original intersection, and were torn down when the new expressways were built over a period of several years between 1975 and 1995.


real environment where you would have real accounts, but for my development environment I decided to create a Xml file using PowerShell with various elements for a User such as FirstName, LastName, EmailAddress etc.
<User>
 <Account>User0001</Account>
 <EmailAddress>_EMAIL_</EmailAddress>
 <FirstName>FirstName_User1</FirstName>
 <LastName>LastName_User1</LastName>
</User>
Here is the script which generate the specified number of user data in form of an xml file. It takes the number of accounts to generated as input and results into a Users.xml file.
$Path = (Get-Item -Path ".\" -Verbose).FullName + "\Users.xml"

$XmlWriter = New-Object System.XMl.XmlTextWriter($Path,$Null)

$xmlWriter.Formatting = 'Indented'
$xmlWriter.Indentation = 1
$XmlWriter.IndentChar = "'t"

$xmlWriter.WriteStartDocument()

# create root element "Users" and add some attributes to it
$XmlWriter.WriteComment('List of Users')
$xmlWriter.WriteStartElement('Users')
$nrOfUsers = Read-Host 'Please enter the numbers of users you want to create:'

# add a couple of random entries
for($x=1; $x -le [int]$nrOfUsers; $x++)
{
 $User = 'User{0:0000}' -f $x
 $email = $User + '@' + (gwmi WIN32_ComputerSystem).Domain

 $guid = [System.GUID]::NewGuid().ToString()

 # each data set is called "User"
 $xmlWriter.WriteStartElement('User')

 # add three pieces of information:
 $xmlWriter.WriteElementString('Account',$User)
 $xmlWriter.WriteElementString('EmailAddress',$email)
 $xmlWriter.WriteElementString('FirstName','User')
 $xmlWriter.WriteElementString('LastName',$x)

 # close the "User" node:
 $xmlWriter.WriteEndElement()
}

# close the "Users" node:
$xmlWriter.WriteEndElement()

# finalize the document:
$xmlWriter.WriteEndDocument()
$xmlWriter.Flush()
$xmlWriter.Close()
Step 2: Create local account using PowerShell
PowerShell is very useful for automating Active Directory. It allows to quickly and relatively easy automate mundane actions or perform same operations with many objects.
PowerShell provides very broad set of methods to work with Active Directory. There is some of them:
 - Microsoft Active Directory Module for Windows PowerShell
 - ADSI adapter
 - .Net Classes
 - Non Microsoft free extensions, such as Quest Active Directory Cmdlets or AD provider from PowerShell Community Extensions.
Read more about these methods here on MSDN.
$HostName =(gwmi WIN32_ComputerSystem).Name
[ADSI]$server= "WinNT://$HostName"
$localUsers = $server.Children | where {$_.SchemaClassName -eq 'user'} | % {$_.name[0].ToString()}
#Add a new local user after checking that it does not exist
if($localUsers -NotContains $user.Account){
 $Account = $server.Create("User", $user.Account)
 $password = [System.Web.Security.Membership]::GeneratePassword(10,2)
 $Account.SetPassword($password)
 $Account.SetInfo()
}
else{
 Write-Host "User Account " $user.Account " already exists"
}
Step 3: Add the User Profile to SharePoint 2013 using PowerShell
You also need to add the user account which is running the PowerShell script to have the Full Control on the User Profile Service application via the Central Administration. To add the permission:
 - Go to Central Administration
 - Go to Manage Service Applications
 - Select User Profile Service Application and click on the Permissions button in the ribbon.
 - Select the user who is running the script and give him 'Full Control' access.
User Profile Service Application Permission
You must create the UserProfileManager object before you access a UserProfile object. You can then retrieve the user profiles that the user can access. Full access to everyone's user profile requires "Manage User Profiles" rights. Full access to your own profile requires "Use Personal Features" rights. Everyone has read access to all profiles.
#instantiate the user profile manager
$mysite = new-object microsoft.sharepoint.spsite($siteurl)
$servicecontext = get-spservicecontext($mysite)
$userprofilemanager = new-object microsoft.office.server.userprofiles.userprofilemanager($servicecontext)
Next, use the userprofilemanager object to check if the profile exists for this particular user. If it does not, the create a new user profile as shown below.
However, this is a crude implementation as I wanted to use it one time. To make it even better, you might also update the existing profile if any with the new data specified in the xml file.
#Add a new user profile for the user
if($userprofilemanager.UserExists($user.Account)){
 Write-Host "User Profile for " $user.Account " already exists"
}
else{
 $newprofile = $userprofilemanager.createuserprofile($user.Account)
 $newprofile.DisplayName = $user.Account
 $newprofile["FirstName"].add($user.FirstName)
 $newprofile["LastName"].add($user.LastName)
 $newprofile["WorkEmail"].add($user.EmailAddress)
 $newprofile.commit()
}
If you run the CreateUserProfiles.ps1 from the script download, it asks you the following parameters to enter.
 - Number of users to be created. I entered 1000 in this case which seemed to be created without any issues.
 - Site Url of the Central Administration site. This is required to get the context of the service application.
Create User Profile
And the result is as below. Without any manual effort, we have 1000 user profiles ready in our development environment.
User Profiles
Download Scripts
The curious case of Scrum Master's role
At the very core, both agile manifesto and scrum are frameworks and not a detailed method or process. This was intentional because the founders of scrum wanted to keep it as lightweight framework which can be used by the organizations to develop the software with value.
However, the reason often leads to different interpretations of scrum and sometimes leads to the result which is completely against the scrum framework.
There are three distinct roles which identified within the Scrum methodology:
 - The Scrum master, who ensures the process is followed, removes impediments, and protects the Development Team from disruption.
 - The Product Owner, who represents the stakeholders and the business.
 - The Development Team, a cross-functional, self-organizing team who do the actual analysis, design, implementation, testing, etc.
Scrum_Roles
And one of the most misunderstood role in scrum team is of Scrum Master. Before we go more into details of Scrum Master, if you are interested to read about the fundamentals of Scrum and the various roles defined in a Scrum team, refer to my previous post 'A beginners guide to Scrum'
A whole lot of development organizations and teams are using scrum these days. Having said that, I have noted that most of these teams use scrum as a planning methodology focusing only on the daily scrum meetings and/or sprints. And just because it's fashionable to say that the project follows scrum approach, someone from the team takes the responsibility of being a scrum master. In most of the cases, as the world 'master' is involved, it is either the erstwhile project manager or the architect/lead developer of the project.
Scrum Master is not Project Manager
By definition, project managers have the responsibility of the planning, execution and closing of project. In addition, project manager is often a client representative and has to determine and implement the exact needs of the client, based on knowledge of the firm they are representing. A project manager is the bridging gap between the team and client.
On the other hand, a scrum master does not have any responsibility of planning and delivery of the project. The main focus of a scrum master is to make sure that he removes any impediment or blockage which comes in the way of development team.
Scrum Master is not Lead Developer
The Development Lead's role is focused on providing more detail to the Solution Architect's architecture. This would include creation of detailed technical design, program specifications etc. The Development Lead is also the first line of support for the developers who need help understanding a concept or working through a particularly issue. The Development


text:
Get this fact know today that an animal can live without food longer than it can live without water. In a laying flock, a shortage of water for just a few hours can result in reduced eggs production, so clean water should be available at all times. If you do not use automatic waterers, fill the drinkers twice a day or as many as possible to make sure that they have access to water always.
Because If the drinkers are filled only in the morning, birds can run out of water by midday. And a laying hen drinks about 25% of her daily water intake during the last two hours of daylight. So be vigilant.
"Do you know water plays an important role in the body of an animal. Water softens feed and carries it through the digestive tract. As a component of blood (90% of blood content), water carries nutrients from the digestive tract to cells and carries away waste products. Water also helps cool the bird through evaporation. (Birds do not have sweat glands, so their heat loss occurs in the air sacs and lungs through rapid respiration.)"
A baby chick is composed of about 80% water. Even though this percentage decreases as a bird gets older, the need for water remains. There is no precise quantity requirement for water because there are several factors that affect the amount of water a bird needs: age, body condition, diet, temperature, water quality, and humidity. As a rule of thumb, poultry consume twice as much water as feed… So don't jokes with WATER..
What is Importance of Water in Poultry production this article written by Ogunlana Adetayo Johnson, Studied Animal science at University of Ibadan.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


Water Cats
Water cats in this context means cats that like water. Yes, some cats actively like water. That applies to some wild cat species, domestic cat breeds and many individual cats. It is simply not the case that cats hate water; that is far from the truth.
A lot of wild cats live next to water courses because prey is more abundant prey there. And a good number of domestic cats, usually wildcat hybrids like water. For example, Kathrin Stucki of A1 Savannahs says that her Savannah cats like to join family members in the shower etc. That said your typical domestic cat generally does not have much of an affinity for water.
But they rarely hate it. Three wild cat species swim in it, hunt in it and like it: the tiger, jaguar and fishing cat.
The domestic cats that come immediately to mind that like water are the Savannah and Bengal, both wildcat hybrids and, of course, the Turkish Van(known to be a good swimmer, the experts say) to name just three. The Turkish Van comes from the lake Van area of Turkey. Did it learn to swim in the lake?
Tigers often spend large parts of the day in water, half submerged, to keep cool. The tiger is a remarkably strong and competent swimmer (and all round athlete). It has been recorded swimming to islands in the Sunda Straight (between the Indonesian islands of Java and Sumatra). This is open sea and considerable distances are travelled.
The fishing cat, as the name implies, is at home in the water and can swim for long distances in water and under water. They keep their head above water when swimming and propel themslves forward doggy paddle style. The fishing cat catches fish as well as animals on land. They are true water cats.
The jaguar is associated with water courses and streams in a wide range of habitats. They are excellent swimmers and have been recorded swimming across wide rivers. They also like to spend time in the water half submerged when it is hot.
Jaguarudis love water (ref: Hand-raising jaguarundis (puma yagouaroundi) by Buzas and Guylas FCF magazine vol 56, issue 2). Observed to love to be in water from aged 5 weeks. Played in drinking bowl. Defecated in bowl.
Apparently, there are (or were) rumors that leopards don't like water to the point of not getting their feet wet. This is incorrect as they are good swimmers and enjoy the water. They are very adaptable cats and what is called "generalists" meaning they can cope with a wide range of environments and don't mind what they eat.
The Asian leopard cat is the wild parent of the Bengal cat and I have already said that Bengal cats like water so it is no surprise that the leopard cat likes it too, even moreso. In fact, they are excellent swimmers and have an affinity for water and an ease in it (many a Bengal cat keeper will attest that). Captive leopard cats can be seen to spend a considerable amount of time playing in water.
We don't really think of a lion swimming across rivers. We normally see them on pretty arid and hot plains. Yet the lion is a capable swimmer and they have been observed swimming across large rivers.
Finally, the flat-headed cat is a fishing type cat like the fishing cat. A large part of its diet is composed of fish. The distribution of the flat-headed cat linked to water.
From Water Cats to Wild Cat Species — Sources: YouTube, Wild Cats Of The World (Sunquists) and PoC.
Comments
Water Cats — 3 Comments
 1. I think Harvey Harrison will take issue over the Turkish Van claims! It turns out that cat fancy Turkish Vans don't come from the Lake Van area. I've summarised info from Harvey and other publications in the bottom thrid of the Turksih Angora story at _URL_
 The original Turkish Van swimming images were staged.
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The photo uploader is a bit unreliable I am afraid but please try it.


text:
MICHELIN ULTRAFLEX TECHNOLOGY TYRES CAN HELP 'FEED THE WORLD', CONCLUDES HARPER ADAMS RESEARCH
Michelin ULTRAFLEX TECHNOLOGY TYRES CAN HELP 'FEED THE WORLD', CONCLUDES HARPER ADAMS RESEARCH
An in-depth study into the impact of traffic and tillage on soil compaction has found agricultural machinery running low pressure Michelin Ultraflex Technology tyres could boost farmers' yields by 4 per cent, helping to 'feed the world' for years to come.
Harper Adams University – a specialist provider of higher education for the agricultural and rural sector – has been leading the investigation, utilising one site at its campus in Newport and another site in the USA in conjunction with the University of Illinois.
Paula Misiewicz PhD AMIAgrE, Senior Lecturer in Soil and Water Management, Harper Adams University, says: "Agricultural vehicles have got heavier and heavier over recent years and the impact that has on the soil can be severe. The aim of our investigation has been to find ways of alleviating compaction."
The study in Illinois was conducted over three years, using 290 hp tractors with Michelin Ultraflex Technology low pressure tyres and standard pressure tyres running in two fields.
"The results we saw in Illinois showed quite clearly that Michelin Ultraflex Technology tyres can help farmers to significantly reduce compaction and, in the process, boost their yields by 4 per cent in comparison to standard tyres," says Misiewicz.
The nine-year experiment at the Harper Adams site in Newport also compared the two Michelin standard and Ultraflex tyre set ups combined with controlled traffic farming together with zero tillage, shallow tillage and deep tillage techniques.
"While there were some benefits of using low pressure Ultraflex Technology tyres in all three systems over the nine years, it was with the deep tillage techniques where it really stood out. Here again we recorded around a 4 per cent yield improvement in comparison to conventional farm tyres," says Misiewicz.
Prof. Richard Godwin, Visiting Professor, Harper Adams University, says: "Whilst that improvement might seem small, when you think of it globally, it goes a very long way to help feed the world. Many people are worried about the sustainability of the human race, and if we could get these results for many different crops, it would make a huge impact in sustainability."
The study also found that any increase in the initial outlay for farmers purchasing Michelin Ultraflex Technology tyres over a standard tyre would be paid off within 12 months.
"Our analysis found that the payback period is about a year. And so effectively, once you have paid for your tyres in year one, you've recovered your investment, and typically farmers would be running those tyres for another five years or more," adds Godwin.
Michelin's Ultraflex Technology allows farmers to run their agricultural machinery at lower than standard tyre pressures, protecting the health of the soil by reducing the incidence of rut formation and ground compaction. As a result, air and water can penetrate the earth more freely, leading to improved soil conditions for maximum crop response.
Designed to cover the entire crop growing cycle, the full line-up of Ultraflex Technology tyres available in the UK and Ireland includes AxioBib, AxioBib 2, EvoBib, XeoBib and YieldBib tyres for tractors, CereXBib and CereXBib 2 tyres for combines and forage harvesters, FloatXBib for self-propelled spreaders, SprayBib fitments for high-clearance sprayers, plus TrailXBib and CargoXBib High Flotation tyres for trailers.
For more information, visit business.michelin.co.uk.
Michelin, the leading mobility company, is dedicated to enhancing its clients' mobility, sustainably; designing and distributing the most suitable tyres, services and solutions for its clients' needs; providing digital services, maps and guides to help enrich trips and travels and make them unique experiences; and developing high-technology materials that serve a variety of industries. Headquartered in Clermont-Ferrand, France, Michelin is present in 170 countries, has 123,600 employees and operates 71 tyre production facilities which together produced around 170 million tyres in 2020. (_URL_)


@article {Park2008, title = {{Slope currents around the Kerguelen Islands from demersal longline fishing records}}, journal = {Geophysical Research Letters}, volume = {35}, year = {2008}, abstract = {The Kerguelen Plateau constitutes a natural obstacle for the eastward progress of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, especially around the Kerguelen Islands. However, there is little quantitative knowledge of the current field around the islands due to lack of long-term current measurements. We performed a systematic analysis of a total of 28917 points of fishing gear drifts from setting and recovery positions of demersal longlines deployed between 2002 and 2007 for Patagonian Toothfish ( Dissostichus eleginoides) fisheries in Kerguelen waters. This enabled the construction of a realistic field of depth-averaged time-mean slope currents along the 1000 m isobath all around the Kerguelen Islands. The strongest depth-mean velocities of 25 cm s(-1) are associated with the Polar Front, which rounds the islands from the south and flows northward along the inner continental slope immediately east of the islands, strongly supporting previous hydrographic evidence. These results demonstrate the potential for hitherto unexploited historic longline drift data from demersal fishing grounds to provide valuable quantitative information on the regional circulation.}, issn = {0094-8276}, doi = {L09604 10.1029/2008gl033660}, url = {_URL_ author = {Park, Y H and Gasco, Nicolas and Duhamel, Guy} }


text: Existing conceptual design methods mainly focus on component modeling and representation, which makes them insufficient to help in the conceptual design stage. Port ontology, as an approach to formally expressing product design, has been effectively applied to concept description of a product. An incidence matrix support for product conceptual design based on port ontology is given in this paper. It formally represents and organizes product information in both functional ontology and physical domain in a hierarchy. Port compatibilities are used to map and link the two components. This makes it possible to build incidence matrix and decompose it into an independence matrix, and allow designers from different backgrounds with various interests to access the design ontology. A multilevel matrix is constructed to generate principle schemes of products at different levels of abstraction, which facilitates design decision-making through the whole conceptual design stage. A case study is also given to demonstrate the proposed approach.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
September 7, 2010
St. Paul, Minn. (September 7, 2010)—The American Phytopathological Society (APS) is pleased to announce its new Council members for 2010–2011. The new officers began their terms at the conclusion of the 2010 Annual Meeting in Charlotte, North Carolina, August 7–11, 2010.
John L. Sherwood, professor and head of the Department of Plant Pathology in the College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences at the University of Georgia, has been named president for the 2010–2011 term. Sherwood, whose research has focused on the detection of plant viruses, the etiology of virus diseases, and the relationship of plant viruses with their insect vectors, has been a member of APS since 1977.
As a member, Sherwood has been a strong advocate for the society and its members in the public policy arena. Now, as president, Sherwood's goal is to continue to keep policy makers informed on the importance of plant pathology in meeting society's need for healthy plants and plant products.
"I appreciate the opportunity to serve as APS president during this time of unprecedented change in national programs that support research, teaching, and extension related to plant health," commented Sherwood.
"APS is considered a leader in advocacy for plant health issues, and I plan to identify and pursue opportunities where we can be effective in moving an agenda forward that will serve our profession and our members' needs."
Sherwood also noted that APS is working with many other scientific societies and industries to deliver an effective message for support of educational initiatives.
"The enthusiasm of APS members for what they do through scientific inquiry and effective outreach in providing solutions to plant diseases and plant health problems is almost boundless, and APS will continue to be the organization that harnesses this passion for the benefit of members and society," said Sherwood.
Sherwood succeeded Barbara J. Christ, Penn State University, who now serves as immediate past president. Other 2010–2011 APS Council members include Carol A. Ishimaru, University of Minnesota, president-elect; Michael J. Boehm, Ohio State University, vice president; Danise T. Beadle, Bayer CropScience, internal communications officer; Randall C. Rowe, Ohio State University, treasurer; Carolee T. Bull, USDA-ARS, senior councilor-at-large; Anne E. Dorrance, The Ohio State University, intermediate councilor-at-large; Walter F. Mahaffee, USDA-ARS, junior councilor-at-large; Anthony P. Keinath, Clemson University, publications councilor; and David G. Schmale, VPI SU, divisional councilor.
A listing of the 2010-2011 APS Council can be found at _URL_
Information on the society's recent annual meeting can be found online at _URL_
The American Phytopathological Society (APS) is a non-profit, professional scientific organization. The research of the organization's more than 5,000 worldwide members advances the understanding of the science of plant pathology and its application to plant health.
Get ALL the Latest Updates for ICPP2018: PLANT HEALTH IN A GLOBAL ECONOMY. Follow APS!


text:
Rolled hinges is the collective name for all hinges with a bead. Rolled hinges refers to the hinge shape having been formed by 'rolling' the metal. Rolling is a pressing process; a special beading tool creates a 'roll' in both parts of the hinge. The hinge halves are then calibrated to receive the correct pin diameter. The parts are connected with a pin to create the hinge.
Simply let us know your requirements and we will immediately provide you with a quote.


text:
A road out of the marsh
At some point in the early Iron Age (500 BC – 0 AD), a road was laid in the marshlands of Ellemosen at the foot of Tibirke Bakker in North Zealand. The road runs from solid ground across the wetlands of Ramløse River, where two islets reach out to each other. This…
Roadway on 600 hazel stakes
Although the road is ancient, it is not the first to have been built on this site. A more than 4,500-year-old road made of stakes runs alongside and in some places under the Iron Age road. In the Neolithic period, around the time of the construction of the large passage graves, Ellemosen was a shallow fjord connected with the Kattegat sea area. At that time, one of the islets was a small island, and it was to this island that a road was built from more than 600 hazel stakes. The stakes had been sharpened and hammered into the bed of the fjord in three rows. The stakes presumably supported several layers of branches or a row of planks, but if so, there was no evidence of them at the dig in 1943. The road led to a settlement on the island, but this has not yet been excavated.
Contribute to Tibirke
Contribute with a story about this place?
Contribute with one or more pictures
Contribute with videos
Contribute with links

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


sfepy.base.conf module
Problem description file handling.
Notes
Short syntax: key is suffixed with '__<number>' to prevent collisions with long syntax keys -> both cases can be used in a single input.
class sfepy.base.conf.ProblemConf(define_dict, funmod=None, filename=None, required=None, other=None, verbose=True, override=None, setup=True)[source]
Problem configuration, corresponding to an input (problem description file). It validates the input using lists of required and other keywords that have to/can appear in the input. Default keyword lists can be obtained by sfepy.base.conf.get_standard_keywords().
ProblemConf instance is used to construct a Problem instance via Problem.from_conf(conf).
add_missing(self, conf)[source]
Add missing values from another problem configuration.
Missing keys/values are added also to values that are dictionaries.
Parameters
confProblemConf instance
The other configuration.
edit(self, key, newval)[source]
static from_dict(dict_, funmod, required=None, other=None, verbose=True, override=None, setup=True)[source]
static from_file(filename, required=None, other=None, verbose=True, define_args=None, override=None, setup=True)[source]
Loads the problem definition from a file.
The filename can either contain plain definitions, or it can contain the define() function, in which case it will be called to return the input definitions.
The job of the define() function is to return a dictionary of parameters. How the dictionary is constructed is not our business, but the usual way is to simply have a function define() along these lines in the input file:
def define():
 options = {
 'save_eig_vectors' : None,
 'eigen_solver' : 'eigen1',
 }
 region_2 = {
 'name' : 'Surface',
 'select' : 'nodes of surface',
 }
 return locals()
Optionally, the define() function can accept additional arguments that should be defined using the define_args tuple or dictionary.
static from_file_and_options(filename, options, required=None, other=None, verbose=True, define_args=None, setup=True)[source]
Utility function, a wrapper around ProblemConf.from_file() with possible override taken from options.
static from_module(module, required=None, other=None, verbose=True, override=None, setup=True)[source]
get_function(self, name)[source]
Get a function object given its name.
It can be either in ProblemConf.funmod, or a ProblemConf attribute directly.
Parameters
namestr or function or None
The function name or directly the function.
Returns
funfunction or None
The required function, or None if name was None.
get_item_by_name(self, key, item_name)[source]
Return item with name item_name in configuration group given by key.
get_raw(self, key=None)[source]
setup(self, define_dict=None, funmod=None, filename=None, required=None, other=None)[source]
transform_input(self)[source]
transform_input_trivial(self)[source]
Trivial input transformations.
update_conf(self, conf)[source]
Update configuration by values in another problem configuration.
Values that are dictionaries are updated in-place by dict.update().
Parameters
confProblemConf instance
The other configuration.
validate(self, required=None, other=None)[source]
sfepy.base.conf.dict_from_options(options)[source]
Return a dictionary that can be used to construct/override a ProblemConf instance based on options.
See --conf and --options options of the simple.py script.
sfepy.base.conf.dict_from_string(string)[source]
Parse string and return a dictionary that can be used to construct/override a ProblemConf instance.
sfepy.base.conf.get_standard_keywords()[source]
sfepy.base.conf.transform_conditions(adict, prefix)[source]
sfepy.base.conf.transform_ebcs(adict)[source]
sfepy.base.conf.transform_epbcs(adict)[source]
sfepy.base.conf.transform_fields(adict)[source]
sfepy.base.conf.transform_functions(adict)[source]
sfepy.base.conf.transform_ics(adict)[source]
sfepy.base.conf.transform_integrals(adict)[source]
sfepy.base.conf.transform_lcbcs(adict)[source]
sfepy.base.conf.transform_materials(adict)[source]
sfepy.base.conf.transform_regions(adict)[source]
sfepy.base.conf.transform_solvers(adict)[source]
sfepy.base.conf.transform_to_i_struct_1(adict)[source]
sfepy.base.conf.transform_to_struct_01(adict)[source]
sfepy.base.conf.transform_to_struct_1(adict)[source]
sfepy.base.conf.transform_to_struct_10(adict)[source]
sfepy.base.conf.transform_variables(adict)[source]
sfepy.base.conf.tuple_to_conf(name, vals, order)[source]
Convert a configuration tuple vals into a Struct named name, with attribute names given in and ordered by order.
Items in order at indices outside the length of vals are ignored.


Can't hear someone at a loud party? Just turn your head!
on
By Josh Stevenson-Hoare
Edited By Lucy & Sophie
diff1
At one point or another, we have all been in this uncomfortable situation. You are talking to someone at a party, and then had the realisation – you can't understand a word they are saying. You smile and nod along until they get to what sounds like a question. You ask them to repeat it, and you can't hear what they say. So you ask again. We all know how it goes from there, and how awkward it gets on the fifth time of asking.
Fortunately, there is a way to avoid this happening. Researchers at Cardiff University have developed a way to maximise your chances of hearing someone at a party on the first try. You don't need fancy equipment, or to start learning sign language. All you have to do is turn your head.
If you are trying to listen to something difficult to hear, it makes sense to turn your head 90 degrees from it. This is the same angle as when someone is whispering in your ear, or when you only have one working earbud. If you do this, then one ear will get most of the useful sounds, and the other ear will only get un-useful sounds. You can then ignore any sounds from the un-useful ear, and focus on the sounds you want – the words.
However, for speech, the sounds made by the person speaking are not the only useful piece of information. Lip-reading is something we can all do a little bit, without training. You may not be able to follow a whole conversation, but what you can do is tell the difference between small sounds. These are called phonemes.
A phoneme is the smallest bit of sound that has meaning. It's the difference between bog and bag, or tend and mend. If you miss hearing part of a word you often use the shape of the speaker's mouth to help you figure out what the word was. This can lead to some interesting illusions, such as the McGurk effect. This is when the same sound paired with different mouth shapes causes you to hear different syllables.
If you want to read someone's lips while they talk, you have to be able to see their face. Unless you have a very wide field of vision, the best way to lip-read is to face someone.
So, to improve hearing you should face away from someone, and for best lip-reading you should face towards them. Not the easiest things to do at the same time.
To find out which is more useful, the researchers played video clips of Barack Obama speaking to some participants. Over this they played white noise, which sounds like a radio tuned between stations. The participants turned their heads to different angles as instructed by the researchers. The white noise was then made louder and quieter until participants could only just hear what Obama was saying.
Participants found it easier to understand the speech when they pointed their heads away from the speech. The best angle, though, changed depending on where the white noise was coming from.
You might expect that pointing away from the white noise would be best strategy. But, the researchers found that the best strategy was to point around halfway between the speech and the white noise. Not so far that participants couldn't see Obama's face, but far enough to have one ear pointed at him.
y
The best angle to face when trying to hear someone in a loud environment. Picture Credit: Josh Stevenson-Hoare.
In real-life, noise comes from lots of different angles at once. It would be very difficult to work out what angle would be the best all the time. But, if there is one major source of noise such as a pneumatic drill or a music speaker, it can be useful to remember this technique.
It might look a little silly at first, but it could save you from an embarrassing faux pas next time you go to a party. So now you can hear all the details of Uncle Jimmy's fishing trip with ease. For the third time this year. You're welcome.
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text:
1. The flexible structure can adapt to the change of the slope without being damaged, and has better safety and stability than the rigid structure;
2, strong anti-scour ability, can withstand the maximum water flow speed of up to 6m / s;
3. The structure is water-permeable in nature, and has strong inclusiveness to the natural action and filtration of groundwater. Suspended matter and sludge in the water can be deposited in the rockfill joint, which is beneficial to the growth of natural plants and gradually recovers. The original ecological environment.


text:
One of the most visited castles in Georgia is Ananuri Fortress – the fortress of the Aragvi Eristavs, located on the Zhinvali reservoir of the Aragvi river.
It is a tourist magnet thanks to several facts:
- Firstly, fantastic landscapes open up here: at the same time, a huge lake among the mountains, a castle of the late Middle Ages, and an old church with a tiled roof.
- Secondly, there are two churches of the seventeenth centuryin Ananuri. There are only 3-4 of them in all of Georgia.
- Thirdly, the fortress is conveniently located – just 70 kilometers from Tbilisi on the Georgian Military Road.
- Finally, the Zhinavli reservoir is characterized by clear water, in which you can swim with a beautiful view to the fortress.
Despite the fact that there are a lot of attractions in Ananuri, they are all located on a very small area inside the fortress walls of the bastion.
As a result, you can visit them literally in one and a half to two hours, taking into account swimming in the Zhinvali reservoir. If you don't plan to swim, you can plan with 40 minutes to visit Ananuri. During this time, you will visit the Assumption Church of the 17th century, the ancient tower of the 13th century next to it and go up to the very top to take spectacular photos and selfies.
The place on which Ananuri Castle is built is strategically extremely important, because on the one hand there is a reservoir, and on the other a mountain.
That is why the first ensemble tower was built here to protect the city of Dusheti, which was the residence of the Georgian mountain princes Eristov-Aragvi, from invaders coming from the Daryal Gorge. Subsequently, the building grew and turned into a full-fledged fortress, which, in the event of an enemy attack, served as a reliable fortification and cover for the retreat of local residents to the mountains.
Ananuri fortress was proposed by the Georgian government for inclusion into the UNESCO World Heritage List


Introduction: How to Make Blackpowder (a.k.a Gunpowder)
Black powder is the base of many pyrotechnic projects and is very versatile. This instructable will show you how to make it and where to find the materials.
Disclaimer :
Any damage or harm done to people or property is not my or this websites (_URL_) fault and i will not be held responsible. Also any comments on this tutorial are the sole responsibility of their writers and the writer will take full responsibility, liability, and blame for any libel or litigation that results from something written in or as a direct result of something written in a comment. The accuracy, completeness, veracity, honesty, exactitude, factuality and politeness of comments are not guaranteed. Also, please note this may not be legal in your country/state and ,if not, it isn't my fault if your caught.
Step 1: Sourcing the Materials.
Potassium nitrate: Some stump removers contain it.
Sulfur: Can be found in chemists and garden centres (Look for flowers of sulfur)
Charcoal: Can be found in barbeques, supermarkets, the bottom of fires or you can make your own.
Or if you live in the UK you can go here _URL_
Step 2: You Will Need
You will need:
75% potassium nitrate
15% charcoal
10% sulfur
(Must be measures by weight, not volume)
An old coffee grinder
A spoon
Kitchen scales
Container
Optional:
Mortar and Pestle.
Step 3: Preparing the Ingredients.
1) Put your potassium nitrate (if it is not already finely ground) into the coffee grinder and grind it until it is a nice fine powder, then put it in the mixing container. Wash the grinder.
2) Repeat with the charcoal and sulfur.
3) Put all the ingredients through a fine sieve and any lumps, put in a mortar and pestle and grind them to they've turned to powder.
4) Mix with a spoon until it is all mixed in.
Step 4: Storing and Using.
Store it in a air tight container until ready for use.
Also you can you can make the mixture using 60% Potassium nitrate 30% Charcoal and 10% Sulfur for a slower burning rocket fuel!
Have fun and be careful!!!
This is a small video of a spoon of my mixture in a small container.

Check here to see how to make some quickmatch!
_URL_
Comments
author
amcclenning (author)2013-08-14
Can you put the ingredients in grams for each and where would I be able to get these ingredients from in the uk cheers
author
Don,t try this at home (author)2012-11-14
Please do not use the coffee grinder you will get yourself hurt or burn your house down doing that!!!. Go on ebay and buy a ball mill. Trust me its alot cheeper then the hospital bill or buying a new house.
author
AtomRat (author)2012-11-12
You just noted at the end that a 65, 30,10 mixture is slower? I've found this mix to be faster!? Why do you think we have these differences?? Im using KNO3, willow, and sulfur. With the standard BP mix, I packed into a tube and got no lift, but with the 65,30,10 mix I did get lift off. Whats going on here
author
daisyalan (author)AtomRat2012-11-13
I don't know. The 60:30:10 should burn slower due less oxidiser and more carbon and it always works for me.
author
AtomRat (author)daisyalan2012-11-13
Very odd, I made one last night with sorry: 65, 25, 10 mixture. I got my tube to launch 30 meters into the air and burns for 4 seconds. I swear the normal mix only made smoke pour out the nozzle. I'll attempt again. Maybe my nozzle was too large back then
author
rimar2000 (author)2012-11-10
Please, between point 1 and 2 in step 3, is INDISPENSABLE to wash the grinder. Otherwise the residual potassium nitrate will ignite the sulphur.
More: it is A VERY BAD IDEA to grind all ingredients together. Surely the powder will ignite.
author
daisyalan (author)rimar20002012-11-10
I have changed the ible. Thankyou for pointing that out!!!
author
rimar2000 (author)daisyalan2012-11-11
You are welcome. Well done!
author
daisyalan (author)rimar20002012-11-10
I have changed the ible. Thankyou for pointing that out!!!
author
volvojb (author)2012-11-10
Please Please PLEASE if you must do this, DO NOT GRIND the black powder mix and DO NOT USE PLASTIC for mixing bowls. Black powder (gunpowder, same thing) is static and friction sensitive. I have investigated incidents where people have sustained serious bodily injuries from black powder autoignition. The industry standard is copper or brass (both non-sparking) for mixing and pouring. At the least.earth yourself with an earthing strap and benchtop mat (about $20 tops).
author
daisyalan (author)2012-11-10
Have done
author
Kiteman (author)2012-11-10
Be very, very careful grinding any mixed lumps in a coffee grinder - friction can generate enough heat to set it off.
(It would be nice if you could include suggestions for where to buy the ingredients, and I, personally, would like to see a video of your mix going off?)


text:
Tapping into the Curriculum: Stress Relief from Pre-K to Year 13
GUEST SPEAKERS: Meg Sharland and Bryony Moore share their experience with teaching self-regulation tools like EFT Tapping in the classroom for stress relief and helping students PreK to Year 13 access the curriculum. In this interview they talk about how they organize the training services they offer schools into 3 programs:
- Their Reliever program for relieving stress and overwhelm, helping school staff and students go from high stress to low stress states.
- Their Preventative program for building simple 5 minutes a day self-regulation practices into the school day to balance the nervous system and so assure a good foundation for learning.
- Their Elevator program for accessing higher brain states for peak performance.
Meg and Bryony are the co-founders of InvestED Education, a company that was awarded "Children Mental Health and Wellbeing Provider of the Year" in the years 2020-2021 as well as 2021-2022. As you hear teacher and EFT Practitioner Bryony Moore explain at the start of this interview, EFT is one of the main transformational tools that they use in their work with schools. You can learn more about their amazing results in schools in the video below.
TAPPING INTO THE CURRICULUM: FROM PRE-K TO YEAR 13
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Meg Sharland and Bryony Moore are UK-qualified teachers who have founded a training service provider called InvestED Wellbeing. They have worked with schools since 2009. Bryony's training in EFT and TFT was in 2020 with The Priority Academy. She has worked with various EFT Practitioners and modalities to develop her practice since. They work as a team to embed EFT as part of school life for the whole school's wellbeing, mental health, and behaviour in the schools they work in. Bryony is an EFT Practitioner who uses her ongoing EFT training experiences to work with Meg on adapting tapping scripts so as to be effective with all children from ages 3 upward. You can learn about InvestED Wellbeing's services at: investedwellbeing.co.uk/


Compute Sanitizer Tools & API
Compute Sanitizer is a functional correctness checking suite. This suite contains multiple tools that can perform different type of checks. Tool features are described below.
The Compute Sanitizer API enables the creation of sanitizing and tracing tools that target CUDA applications. Examples of such tools are memory and race condition checkers. The Compute Sanitizer API is composed of three APIs: the callback API, the patching API and the memory API. It is delivered as a dynamic library on supported platforms.
Memcheck
The memcheck tool is a run time error detection tool for CUDA applications. The tool can precisely detect and report out of bounds and misaligned memory accesses to global, local and shared memory in CUDA applications. It can also detect and report hardware reported error information. In addition, the memcheck tool can detect and report memory leaks in the user application.
Racecheck
The racecheck tool is a run time shared memory data access hazard detector. The primary use of this tool is to help identify memory access race conditions in CUDA applications that use shared memory.
In CUDA applications, storage declared with the __shared__ qualifier is placed on chip shared memory. All threads in a thread block can access this per block shared memory. Shared memory goes out of scope when the thread block completes execution. As shared memory is on chip, it is frequently used for inter-thread communication and as a temporary buffer to hold data being processed. As this data is being accessed by multiple threads in parallel, incorrect program assumptions may result in data races. Racecheck is a tool built to identify these hazards and help users write programs free of shared memory races.
Currently, this tool only supports detecting accesses to on-chip shared memory.
Initcheck
The initcheck tool is a run time uninitialized device global memory access detector. This tool can identify when device global memory is accessed without it being initialized via device side writes, or via CUDA memcpy and memset API calls.
Currently, this tool only supports detecting accesses to device global memory.
Synccheck
The synccheck tool is a runtime tool that can identify whether a CUDA application is correctly using synchronization primitives, specifically __syncthreads() and __syncwarp() intrinsics and their Cooperative Groups API counterparts.
Developer Benefits
 - Allows you to ensure code correctness of your GPU accelerated kernels
 - Ability to incorporate GPU code correctness into your own tools
FAQ
 A: Compute Sanitizer is NVIDIA's next generation version of the CUDA memcheck. The main differences are that
 - Compute Sanitizer has much better performance and is the primary tool for new OS and GPU architectures.
 - CUDA memcheck does not support new Microsoft Hardware Scheduling.
 - There is no API for CUDA memcheck.
 - Compute Sanitizer supports Maxwell and later GPUs.
 - CUDA memcheck supports Maxwell through NIVDIA Ampere GPUs, and is a deprecated tool.
Ready to get started developing with Compute Sanitizer?
Both the Compute Sanitizer suite and API are available in the CUDA Toolkit. You may obtain the latest version of Compute Sanitizer by downloading the CUDA Toolkit
 Download the CUDA Toolkit Now
Sanitizer Tools documentation | Sanitizer API documentation | Revision History
NVIDIA® Compute Sanitizer is freely offered through the NVIDIA Registered Developer Program and as part of the CUDA Toolkit


text:
When someone passes away, in addition to a funeral service that usually occurs three or seven days after the death, we have a ceremony on the 49th day. Traditionally, the period of 49 days after someone dies is seen as a time for that person to check their consciousness and digest their karma. According to Buddhist teaching the bodhisattva Ji Jang Bosal helps the deceased during these 49 days to perceive their karma so when they return they are reborn to help this world, rather than continue in the cycle of birth and death. Religious Buddhism teachers that there is a life in this body, then a time of investigation or consideration, and then a new life in a new body.
But the truth is, we don't know what happens when we die. The Buddhist teaching about death can be helpful in that it gives us a good feeling, some sense of comfort in this mystery. This framework that can be helpful in the grieving process, but the Buddha taught that originally there is no life or death. Our true self is infinite in time and space. Don't Know Mind doesn't have a beginning or an ending. Zen Master Seung Sahn's teaching is to wake up in this moment and attain our true nature. When we keep a Don't Know Mind we are addressing the big question of life and death moment to moment. The big meaning of a 49-day ceremony is to wake up just now. Actually, whenever anybody dies, they are teaching us that we must wake up, because our lives only occur in this moment [snaps fingers]. Just that.
By Tim Lerch JDPSN


text:
Riding on a knifeboard
This model is of a Tilling horse-drawn omnibus from the 1880s. It is an example of the 'knifeboard' design which had extra seating on the roof on which passengers sat back to back. It was nick-named 'knifeboard' because the seats resembled a knife-cleaning board.
Tilling omnibus service
Thomas Tilling started his bus service in the 1840s. By 1901 he had a total of 220 horse-drawn buses. His main depot was on Rye Lane in Peckham, but he also had other offices in the City and the West End. The bus company was only part of his transport business. He also provided horses and carriages for weddings and other special occasions.
End of horse power
By the time the First World War began, the success of motorised buses had made horse-drawn omnibuses redundant. The last recorded horse omnibus in London was a Tilling bus. It ran its last journey between Peckham and Honor Oak Tavern on 4 August 1914.
Museum number 55.77/2


text:
|Feather Key Joints - Course: Techniques of fitting and assembling component parts to produce simple units. Trainees' handbook of lessons (Institut für Berufliche Entwicklung, 19 p.)|
The present handbook is meant for practical vocational training in fields where - in additional to manual and mechanical metal working - mastery of assembly operations is required.
It describes the various kinds of joint that can be made with feather keys and profile shafts according to the function of the respective component groups.
The making and detaching of feather joints are explained by their major sequences of operation. In support, each section is followed by control questions the answering of which enables the trainee to check his knowledge.


text:
A Study of a Cavity Nearby a Pulsar at -60º Latitude in the Far Infrared Map
Keywords:Interstellar medium, Inhomogeinity in ISM, Pulsar wind
We present physical properties of a region in the interstellar medium where the past evolutionary remnant of pulsar evolution is observed. For this, a systematic search of dust structure in the far infrared (100 μm and 60 μm) IRAS (Infrared Astronomical Satellite) survey was performed using Sky View Observatory. Our selection criteria are as follows: (a) Cavity should be greater than 0.25 degree in diameter and (b) the cavity should have 3-fold minima in flux density. In the 100 micron infrared map, a new cavity-like isolated far infrared dust structure (size ~ 1.62 pc x 0.98 pc) is found at R.A. (J2000) 18h 33m 14.8s and Dec. (J2000) -60° 23' 24". We have studied flux density variation and temperature variation within the structure. We found that the dust color temperature varies from 22.78 K to 24.78 K, with offset of 2 K. The dust mass of each pixel of the region of interest was calculated using their dust color temperature. The excess mass in the region was found to be 1.62 x 1023 Kg. The energy required to create that inhomogeneity in the structure is calculated to be 3.24 x1035 J.
Journal of Nepal Physical Society
Volume 4, Issue 1, February 2017, Page: 33-41
How to Cite
All right reserved. No part of this Journal may be reproduced in any form or by any electronic or mechanical means, including information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher, except by a reviewer who may quote brief passage in a review. The views and interpretation in this journal are those of author(s) and they are not attributable to the NPS.


text:
FROGS flee the sound of fire. Juvenile reed frogs (
Ulmar Grafe and his team from the University of Würzburg in Germany rigged up speakers in Ivory Coast's Comoé National Park and played frogs various sounds, including white noise and fire. The crackling sounds of fire produced the strongest reaction: the frogs raised their heads, scanned their surroundings and hopped rapidly towards the most fire-resistant vegetation.
Although most animals react to fire, Grafe believes this is the first research to show that the sound alone is enough to provoke a response (
To continue reading this article, subscribe to receive access to all of newscientist.com, including 20 years of archive content.


I apologies if this is off topic for this site, but I am trying to figure out (and not having much luck) how to get an empirical distribution function of a sum of two random variables given two samples of equal length (say 256) from their respective distributions. I understand that the distribution is given by a convolutions of their distributions, which can be computed as a product of their characteristic functions.
So, to test, I take two time series of length 256 each from standard normal distribution, compute their Fourier transforms using Fourier transform tool from Data Analysis toolpack in Excel, multiply the results using complex multiplication function IMPRODUCT, and then apply inverse Fourier transform. However, the resulting time series does not have a variance of 2 (it is more like ~240) which should be the case for the sum of two standard normal RVs. It might be some normalization issue, but I am not sure how and why it comes up.
Also, I am not sure if I am supposed to be doing zero-padding of the two original time series (say +256 zeros for each). I have read that if one wants to perform regular convolutions (instead of a "circular" one, whatever that is), one have to do this padding with zeros. This padding, however, seems to make the final result also double the length, but I would like to get the estimated distribution of the sum of the same length as the inputs, so not sure what needs to be done here.
Add 1
For example, given two identical samples of size 9 from uniform distribution
their convolution would produce 81 pairs with values
with respective counts
which gives the triangular distribution. What I am looking to do, is to produce this without doing these convolution sums, but by using Fourier transform.
Add 2
This is what Wikipedia says on the calculation of empirical characteristic function.
If $X_{i},i=1,2,\ldots,n$ are i.i.d. observations, then the empirical characteristic function $\varphi _{n}(t)$ is defined as
$$\varphi _{n}(t)={\frac {1}{n}}\sum _{j=1}^{n}\exp(itX_{j}).\tag{1}$$
And this is what it says about application of the characteristic function to sums of random variables.
In particular, $\varphi _{X+Y}(t) = \varphi _{X}(t) \varphi _{X}(t)$, i.e. the characteristic function of the sum of RVs is the product of their respective characteristic functions.
So, from the above two, it seems that one can construct characteristic functions directly from the samples and multiply them together to get a characteristic function of the sums. The only bit left is to get back into the "sample space". That was my understanding.
Add 3
A discreet Fourier transform (DFT) of a sequence is
$$\hat f_k=\sum _{j=0}^{n-1} f_j \exp(i2\pi k j/n).\tag{2}$$
So, if we take the probability of observing each value in the sample on $n$ observations the same, ie $f_j = 1/n$, then the difference between empirical characteristic function and DFT is that $X_j$ in the former is replaced with $2\pi j /n$ in the latter, so the characteristic function looks like some kind of "non-uniform" DFT. And this is where I seem to get stuck, I don't know how to compute this non-uniform DFT. Also, the discreet $t$ points of the transform need to be the same for both samples as I would need to take the product of the two empirical characteristic functions at those points.
 - $\begingroup$ wait, you draw 256 samples from a distribution, and then act as if that is the distribution? It's not! It's a sample vector!! If you approximate the distribution by finding the histogram, you might be doing something sensible... (also, really, Excel is not the tool of choice. Try Python, R or Octave instead. Free tools that actually do what you need). $\endgroup$ – Marcus Müller Jul 21 '17 at 14:34
 - $\begingroup$ Thank you for your comment. If I am not mistaken, one can take each observation as coming from a discrete distribution with probability of 1/n (n being 256 in this case), so effectively sample is like a distribution. This is also what I saw being done for calculation of empirical characteristic function, just applied to the sample. (Not sure, however, if one needs to sort the sample first). $\endgroup$ – Confounded Jul 21 '17 at 14:36
 - $\begingroup$ no, an observation is an observation, and not an estimate of the density.You need to calculate the empircal distribution first, and then you can convolve that. $\endgroup$ – Marcus Müller Jul 21 '17 at 14:38
 - $\begingroup$ As _USER_ says, you're completely off-base here. Please read this question and its answers and revise your question so that it makes a bit more sense. $\endgroup$ – Peter K. Jul 21 '17 at 14:46
 - 1
 $\begingroup$ Your addition has ordered the samples... and they "happen" to be completely uniformly spaced. That won't happen with a truly random variable. The convolution of a 9-sample vector with itself will yield a 17-sample vector (well, non-zero if all 9 samples are non-zero), not 81. Again, you seem to be mixing the samples from the distribution with the underlying distribution. $\endgroup$ – Peter K. Jul 21 '17 at 16:15
I still think you're completely confused about what you're trying to do, so I'm going to go back and assume your question is:
Given two data sets $x_n, n=0,\ldots, N-1$ and $y_n, n=0,\ldots, N-1$, how do I compute the probability density function (PDF) of $x_n + y_n$ using Excel?
and try to answer that.
Finding the PDF of $x_n$
Finding the empirical PDF of a data sequence is a little tricky. The most straightforward way is to find the histogram of the data and normalize it so that it sums to 1.
In pseudocode:
h_x = histogram(x)
pdf_x = h_x/sum(h_x)
It's not Excel, but this Google Sheet shows how that can be achieved.
The columns are:
 - x : the random sequence.
 - bin start : the start of each bin (next one is the end of this bin)
 - count : the number of samples of x that fall between the bin start and bin end.
 - pdf_hat : a stab at the empirical PDF using the histogram.
The same approach can be used for finding the PDF of $y$.
Finding the PDF of $x_n + y_n$
As you say, the PDF of the sum is the convolution of the two individual PDFs (provided $x_n$ and $y_n$ are independent). See section 7.2 here.
Unfortunately, Google Sheets doesn't have an FFT function, but you could do it element by element, which is what I've tried to show in the columns:
 - index : index of the PDF estimates.
 - Realization 1 : the pdf hat values for one realization.
 - Realization 2 : the pdf hat values for another realization.
 - Convolution : the element-by-element convolution.
The resulting graph is an estimate of the PDF of the sum, which approximates the expected triangle function quite well.
enter image description here
How to do better?
Generally, a better way to estimate the PDF of a random variable is to use kernel density estimators. Once you've got the individual PDF estimates then you can just convolve them. Or, if you have the summed data, just apply the kernel density estimator directly to that data.
Also, as you say, a better way to do convolution may be to use the FFT. To avoid "time aliasing" you need to zero-pad your signals (PDFs in this case) to be at least $N+M-1$ long (where one signal is length $N$ and the other $M$).
 - $\begingroup$ Thank you for taking time to read and reply to my post. I believe that the problem is "reduced" to finding a non-uniform DFT of a constant function $1/n$ sampled at the "times" given by the observed random numbers in the sample. This should results in an empirical characteristic functions of the generating distribution. Once two such empirical characteristic function are obtained, they can be multiplied together to get a characteristic function for a sum of two RVs, which can be then inverted to get empirical distribution of the sum. $\endgroup$ – Confounded Jul 22 '17 at 11:47
 - $\begingroup$ Unlike "normal" non-uniform DFT, however, I don't think one can do "gridding" since the information is contained in the random times at which "the signal" is observed, not in the signal itself, which constant here. So, it is not clear how to proceed in this case. $\endgroup$ – Confounded Jul 22 '17 at 12:11
Your Answer


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 key = "sub";
 } else {
 key = "psub";
 }
 for (i = 0; i < args.length; i++) {
 delete this.subscription_set[key + " " + args[i]];
 }
 }
};
RedisClient.prototype.end = function () {
 this.stream._events = {};
 this.connected = false;
 this.ready = false;
 return this.stream.end();
};
function Multi(client, args) {
 this.client = client;
 this.queue = [["MULTI"]];
 if (Array.isArray(args)) {
 this.queue = this.queue.concat(args);
 }
}
exports.Multi = Multi;
// take 2 arrays and return the union of their elements
function set_union(seta, setb) {
 var obj = {};
 seta.forEach(function (val) {
 obj[val] = true;
 });
 setb.forEach(function (val) {
 obj[val] = true;
 });
 return Object.keys(obj);
}
// This static list of commands is updated from time to time. ./lib/commands.js can be updated with generate_commands.js
commands = set_union(["get", "set", "setnx", "setex", "append", "strlen", "del", "exists", "setbit", "getbit", "setrange", "getrange", "substr",
 "incr", "decr", "mget", "rpush", "lpush", "rpushx", "lpushx", "linsert", "rpop", "lpop", "brpop", "brpoplpush", "blpop", "llen", "lindex",
 "lset", "lrange", "ltrim", "lrem", "rpoplpush", "sadd", "srem", "smove", "sismember", "scard", "spop", "srandmember", "sinter", "sinterstore",
 "sunion", "sunionstore", "sdiff", "sdiffstore", "smembers", "zadd", "zincrby", "zrem", "zremrangebyscore", "zremrangebyrank", "zunionstore",
 "zinterstore", "zrange", "zrangebyscore", "zrevrangebyscore", "zcount", "zrevrange", "zcard", "zscore", "zrank", "zrevrank", "hset", "hsetnx",
 "hget", "hmset", "hmget", "hincrby", "hdel", "hlen", "hkeys", "hvals", "hgetall", "hexists", "incrby", "decrby", "getset", "mset", "msetnx",
 "randomkey", "select", "move", "rename", "renamenx", "expire", "expireat", "keys", "dbsize", "auth", "ping", "echo", "save", "b


There are three random variables, $x,y,z$. The three correlations between the three variables are the same. That is,
What is the tightest bound you can give for $\rho$?
 - 1
 $\begingroup$ Presumably by "pho", you mean rho ($\rho$). However, your question is not clear. What do you mean by "What's the tightest bound you can give"? $\endgroup$ – gung - Reinstate Monica Oct 15 '13 at 1:57
 - $\begingroup$ Well the name of the variable is just a dummy. By tightest bound, I mean something like [-1, 1] for a correlation, but this clearly isn't the tightest possible bound. $\endgroup$ – user1352399 Oct 15 '13 at 2:08
 - $\begingroup$ Do you mean that rho=cor(x,y)=cor(x,z)=cor(y,z), and what are the limits for rho? $\endgroup$ – user31264 Oct 15 '13 at 2:23
 - $\begingroup$ Yes I mean that rho=cor(x,y)=cor(x,z)=cor(y,z) and what are the limits for rho. Dilip, can you extend that to say that rho must be non-negative, ie >= 0? $\endgroup$ – user1352399 Oct 15 '13 at 2:44
 - 1
 $\begingroup$ A textbook to cite for this is Seber & Lee "Linear Regression Analysis" (At least it was in first edition...) $\endgroup$ – kjetil b halvorsen Nov 27 '18 at 18:46
The common correlation $\rho$ can have value $+1$ but not $-1$. If $\rho_{X,Y}= \rho_{X,Z}=-1$, then $\rho_{Y,Z}$ cannot equal $-1$ but is in fact $+1$. The smallest value of the common correlation of three random variables is $-\frac{1}{2}$. More generally, the minimum common correlation of $n$ random variables is $-\frac{1}{n-1}$ when, regarded as vectors, they are at the vertices of a simplex (of dimension $n-1$) in $n$-dimensional space.
Consider the variance of the sum of $n$ unit variance random variables $X_i$. We have that $$\begin{align*} \operatorname{var}\left(\sum_{i=1}^n X_i\right) &= \sum_{i=1}^n \operatorname{var}(X_i) + \sum_{i=1}^n\sum_{j\neq i}^n \operatorname{cov}(X_i,X_j)\\ &= n + \sum_{i=1}^n\sum_{j\neq i}^n \rho_{X_i,X_j}\\ &= n + n(n-1)\bar{\rho} \tag{1} \end{align*}$$ where $\bar{\rho}$ is the average value of the $\binom{n}{2}$correlation coefficients. But since $\operatorname{var}\left(\sum_i X_i\right) \geq 0$, we readily get from $(1)$ that $$\bar{\rho} \geq -\frac{1}{n-1}.$$
So, the average value of a correlation coefficient is at least $-\frac{1}{n-1}$. If all the correlation coefficients have the same value $\rho$, then their average also equals $\rho$ and so we have that $$\rho \geq -\frac{1}{n-1}.$$ Is it possible to have random variables for which the common correlation value $\rho$ equals $-\frac{1}{n-1}$? Yes. Suppose that the $X_i$ are uncorrelated unit-variance random variables and set $Y_i = X_i - \frac{1}{n}\sum_{j=1}^n X_j = X_i -\bar{X}$. Then, $E[Y_i]=0$, while $$\displaystyle \operatorname{var}(Y_i) = \left(\frac{n-1}{n}\right)^2 + (n-1)\left(\frac{1}{n}\right)^2 = \frac{n-1}{n}$$ and $$\operatorname{cov}(Y_i,Y_j) = -2\left(\frac{n-1}{n}\right)\left(\frac{1}{n}\right) + (n-2)\left(\frac{1}{n}\right)^2 = -\frac{1}{n}$$ giving $$\rho_{Y_i,Y_j} = \frac{\operatorname{cov}(Y_i,Y_j)}{\sqrt{\operatorname{var}(Y_i)\operatorname{var}(Y_j)}} =\frac{-1/n}{(n-1)/n} = -\frac{1}{n-1}.$$ Thus the $Y_i$ are random variables achieving the minimum common correlation value of $-\frac{1}{n-1}$. Note, incidentally, that $\sum_i Y_i = 0$, and so, regarded as vectors, the random variables lie in a $(n-1)$-dimensional hyperplane of $n$-dimensional space.
 - $\begingroup$ I'm a little confused by this answer. I think it correctly shows that the p >= -1/(n-1) bound is necessary and sufficient for the variance of a sum of variables to be non-negative, but it doesn't seem to actually be necessary and sufficient for positive-definiteness of the correlation matrix in general. $\endgroup$ – user49404 Feb 3 '20 at 19:08
 - 1
 $\begingroup$ _USER_ Correlation matrices don't need to be positive definite; only positive semidefiniite (also called nonnegative definite by some people). Also, the OP's question only asked for a bound on the minimum value of the common correlation of the (three) variables and not about correlation matrices in general. Be that as it may, see this answer of mine for the general result. $\endgroup$ – Dilip Sarwate Feb 4 '20 at 17:37
The tightest possible bound is $-1/2 \le \rho \le 1$. All such values can actually appear--none are impossible.
To show there is nothing especially deep or mysterious about the result, this answer first presents a completely elementary solution, requiring only the obvious fact that variances--being the expected values of squares--must be non-negative. This is followed by a general solution (which uses slightly more sophisticated algebraic facts).
Elementary solution
The variance of any linear combination of $x,y,z$ must be non-negative. Let the variances of these variables be $\sigma^2, \tau^2,$ and $\upsilon^2$, respectively. All are nonzero (for otherwise some of the correlations would not be defined). Using the basic properties of variances we may compute
$$0 \le \text{Var}(\alpha x/\sigma + \beta y/\tau + \gamma z/\upsilon) = \alpha^2 +\beta^2+\gamma^2 + 2\rho(\alpha\beta+\beta\gamma+\gamma\alpha)$$
for all real numbers $(\alpha, \beta, \gamma)$.
Assuming $\alpha+\beta+\gamma\ne 0$, a little algebraic manipulation implies this is equivalent to
$$\frac{-\rho}{1-\rho} \le \frac{1}{3} \left(\frac{\sqrt{(\alpha^2+\beta^2+\gamma^2)/3}}{(\alpha+\beta+\gamma)/3}\right)^2.$$
The squared term on the right hand side is the ratio of two power means of $(\alpha, \beta, \gamma)$. The elementary power-mean inequality (with weights $(1/3, 1/3, 1/3)$) asserts that ratio cannot exceed $1$ (and will equal $1$ when $\alpha=\beta=\gamma\ne 0$). A little more algebra then implies
$$\rho \ge -1/2.$$
The explicit example of $n=3$ below (involving trivariate Normal variables $(x,y,z)$) shows that all such values, $-1/2 \le \rho \le 1$, actually do arise as correlations. This example uses only the definition of multivariate Normals, but otherwise invokes no results of Calculus or Linear Algebra.
General solution
Any correlation matrix is the covariance matrix of the standardized random variables, whence--like all correlation matrices--it must be positive semi-definite. Equivalently, its eigenvalues are non-negative. This imposes a simple condition on $\rho$: it must not be any less than $-1/2$ (and of course cannot exceed $1$). Conversely, any such $\rho$ actually corresponds to the correlation matrix of some trivariate distribution, proving these bounds are the tightest possible.
Derivation of the conditions on $\rho$
Consider the $n$ by $n$ correlation matrix with all off-diagonal values equal to $\rho.$ (The question concerns the case $n=3,$ but this generalization is no more difficult to analyze.)


text:
Honouring the 100th anniversary of when the eyes of the world came to Wallal, Western Australia to watch the proof of Einstein's Theory of General Relativity unfold! As a lunar eclipse occurred before scientists in attendance, images and measurements were recorded, and Einstein's theory was proved!
Minted from one ounce of 99.9% pure silver, this Royal Australian Mint collector coin utilises the domed shape to perfect effect. What better way to demonstrate an eclipse and the Earth's position in the galaxy, than on a domed silver coin? Perfect.


text:
Indigenous Sustainable Food Systems
Bachelor of Arts and Science Degree
Status: In Development
This unique degree is being designed to equip students with the knowledge and skills needed to contribute to food sovereignty, community growth, economic development and ecological restoration at First Nations, Métis and Inuit communities across Canada. The degree will incorporate experiential learning on the land with teachings that revolve around the traditional Haudenosaunee* food systems cycle. This Indigenous education opportunity will provide students with the knowledge and skills needed to help communities across Canada. Seed care and seed saving, sustainable horticulture, foraging wild foods and medicines, soil health and sustainability, and traditional fishing and hunting principles will be components of the learning experience.
FNTI has built a greenhouse that has been specifically conceived to support the new stand-alone degree program. Greenhouses can be used to address critical issues affecting Indigenous communities, such as climate change, food security and relationships to environment, food and diet. Agricultural, horticultural, arboriculture crops grown in the greenhouse will help expose students to a wide variety of ideas, opportunities and tastes. This additional element of Indigenous education will begin to enhance their relationship to food, their environment and the Earth.
Are you interested? Keep informed with the most up to date information by filling out our interest form.
*Haudenosaunee is an Indigenous term for 'People of the Longhouse' who are known as the Iroquois Confederacy by the French, and the League of Five Nations by the English. The confederacy is properly called the Haudenosaunee Confederacy.


text:
Successfully Studying Failure at the Constructed Facilities Lab
At NC State's Constructed Facilities Lab (CFL), failure is success.
When concrete pillars crack under thousands of pounds of pressure, engineering students and researchers gain vital insights that protect our infrastructure.
"By creating failures in the laboratory, we can ensure that we prevent those kinds of failures from ever happening in the real world," says CFL manager Greg Lucier. Lucier is also an assistant professor of civil, construction and environmental engineering.
Partners from the public sector and private industry bring pillars, pylons, pavement and other infrastructure elements to the CFL to test their materials' ability to withstand stress. The lab features equipment to test under a variety of conditions, from the slowly accumulating pressure of heavy weight (up to 2 million pounds) to temperature spikes from -40 degrees to 185 degrees Fahrenheit.
The real-world projects that have benefited from the CFL's work include the foundations of the Freedom Tower in New York City and the rafters of Terminal 2 at Raleigh-Durham International Airport. Another CFL project resulted in a new design that has become standard in construction of parking decks, Lucier said.
"Anything that you want to test the strength of, we have the capability to do it here," says Zack Van Brunt, a CFL graduate research assistant.
On a recent Thursday, CFL students and staff were studying a new type of beam under consideration for use in bridges by the North Carolina Department of Transportation. Whereas steel typically reinforces bridge beams in North Carolina, the one being tested at the CFL was reinforced with carbon fibers. The results of the tests could affect bridge design across the state.
That's typical of the research done at the CFL, which focuses intensely on practical results.
"The things we do in the lab have real implications in the field, are often implemented quickly and are often initiated to solve problems that develop in the real world," Lucier says.


text:
In 1996, the National Science and Technology Council (NSTC) was commissioned to create an award to recognize and honor outstanding scientists and engineers at the outset of their independent research careers. The NSTC was established to coordinate the multiagency science and technology policy-making process, and to implement and integrate the President's science and technology policy agenda across the federal government.
The Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers (PECASE) embodies the high priority placed by the government on maintaining the leadership position of the United States in science by producing outstanding scientists and engineers and nurturing their continued development. The Awards identify a cadre of outstanding scientists and engineers who will broadly advance science and the missions important to the participating agencies.
The PECASE Awards are intended to recognize some of the finest scientists and engineers who, while early in their research careers, show exceptional potential for leadership at the frontiers of scientific knowledge during the twenty-first century. The Awards foster innovative and far-reaching developments in science and technology, increase awareness of careers in science and engineering, give recognition to the scientific missions of participating agencies, enhance connections between fundamental research and national goals, and highlight the importance of science and technology for the nation's future.
The PECASE Award is the highest honor bestowed by the U.S. government on outstanding scientists and engineers beginning their independent careers. The awards are conferred annually at the White House following recommendations from participating agencies. To be eligible for a PECASE Award, an individual must be a U.S. citizen, national or permanent resident. Each Presidential award winner receives a citation, a plaque and funding from their agency for up to five years to advance his or her research. Individuals can receive only one PECASE award in their careers.
The agencies participating in the PECASE Awards program are:
- Department of Agriculture
- Department of Commerce
- Department of Defense
- Department of Energy
- Department of Education
- Department of Health and Human Services: National Institutes of Health
- Department of Interior
- Department of Veterans Affairs
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration
- National Science Foundation


text:
DID YOU KNOW? DTIC has over 3.5 million final reports on DoD funded research, development, test, and evaluation activities available to our registered users. Click HERE
to register or log in.
Ice Jam Data Collection
COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER NH
Pagination or Media Count:
Ice jam data collection is necessary to gain information on ice jam events, which may occur rarely and are often short-lived, but can at the same time cause large damages. An ice jam data collection program involves field data collection, review of existing hydrologic, hydraulic, meteorological, and ice records, and a search of historical records that may pertain to ice events. This report describes the development of an ice jam data collection program, the types of information to be collected, and techniques used in field ice jam data collection. Breakup jam, Freezeup jam, Velocity under ice. Data collection, Ice jam data, Frazil ice, Ice thickness.
APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE


_not(except)
View Source
Generates a random digit between 0 and 9 except passed parameter.
Returns Integer.
examples
Examples
iex> Faker.Core.random_digit_not(7)
3
Generates a random digit between 0 and 9 except passed parameter.
Returns Integer.
examples
Examples
iex> Faker.Core.random_digit_not_zero(7)
3
Link to this function
random_element(elements)
View Source
Picks a random element from a list
Return List or Tuple
examples
Examples:
 iex> Faker.Core.Helper.random_elements([32, 4, 7, 8])
 32
Link to this function
random_float(maximum_decimals \\ 6, min_number \\ 0, max_number \\ 9)
View Source
Generates a random float number between two numbers.
Returns Float.
examples
Examples
iex> Faker.Core.random_float()
87.3
Returns a random letter from a to z
Returns String
examples
Examples
iex> Faker.Core.random_letter
 "a"
Link to this function
random_maximum(min \\ 2_147_000_000, max \\ 2_147_483_647)
View Source
Generates largest possible random value
Link to this function
real_text(max_char \\ 200)
View Source
@spec real_text(max_char :: non_neg_integer()) :: String.t()
Get real text based on the length of the charcher
Link to this function
real_text_between(min_char \\ 160, max_char \\ 160)
View Source
@spec real_text_between(min_char :: non_neg_integer(), max_char :: non_neg_integer()) ::
 String.t()
Generate a text string by the Markov chain algorithm.
Depending on the min_chars, returns a random valid looking text. The algorithm generates a weighted table with the specified number of words as the index and the possible following words as the value.
min_char Minimum number of characters the text should contain (minimum: 160) max_char Maximum number of characters the text should contain (maxmum: 160)
## Example
iex> Faker.Core.Text.real_text_between()
 "Alice, swallowing down her flamingo, and began by taking the little golden key"
## example
Generates RGB color
Returns String
examples
Examples
iex> Faker.Core.Color.rgb_color
 "0,255,122"
Generates an array of rgb
Returns List
## Examples iex> Faker.Core.Color.rgb_color_as_array
 [0,255,122]
Generates RGB color for CSS
Returns String
examples
Examples
iex> Faker.Core.Color.rgb_css_color
 "rgba(0,255,122,0.8)"
Link to this function
right_trim(string, separator \\ " ")
View Source
@spec right_trim(string :: String.t(), separator :: String.t()) :: String.t()
Strips whitespace (or other characters) from the end of a string
Returns String
example
Example
 iex> Faker.Core.Text.right_trim("Kamaro.Lambert", ".")
 "Kamaro"
Generates a safe color name
Returns String
examples
Examples
iex> Faker.Core.Color.safe_color_name
 "silver"
Generates Safe Email address
Returns String
examples
Examples
 iex> Faker.Core.Internet.safe_email
 "_EMAIL_"
Generate safe email domain so that the user won't spam people's inbox
Returns String
examples
Examples:
 iex> Faker.Core.Internet.safe_email_domain
 "example.com"
Generates safe hex color
Returns String
## Examples iex> Faker.Core.Color.safe_hex_color
 "#ff0044"
Link to this function
sentence(number_of_words \\ 6)
View Source
Generates a random sentence
Returns String
examples
Examples:
 iex> Faker.Core.Text.sentence
 "Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet."
Link to this function
sentences(number_of_sentece \\ 3, as_text \\ false)
View Source
Generates random Loresum sentences
Returns List or String
examples
Examples
 iex> Faker.Core.Text.sentences
 ["Numquam minus rerum mollitia omnis pariatur.",
"Tenetur earum aut totam repudiandae quis."]
 iex> Faker.Core.Text.sentences(3, true)
 "Numquam eum soluta eius ut rerum. Labore sint qui eos aliquid asperiores."
Returns a shuffled version of the argument. This function accepts either an List, or a string.
Returns List or String
example
Example:
iex> Faker.Core.shuffle("kamaro")
Link to this function
slug(number_of_words \\ 6)
View Source
Generates a random slug
Splits text
Generates random suffix
Link to this function
swap(element_one, element_two)
View Source
Exchange two number positions
Returns Struct
examples
Examples
iex> Faker.Core.swap(element_1, element_2)
 {element_two, element_one}
Link to this function
swap_numbers(number_1, number_2)
View Source
Link to this function
text(number_of_chars \\ 200)
View Source
Generate a text string.
Returns String
example
Example
 iex> Faker.Core.Text.text
 "Sapiente sunt omnis. Ut pariatur ad autem ducimus et. Voluptas rem voluptas sint modi dolorem amet."
Returns top level domain
Returns String
examples
Examples
 iex> Faker.Core.Internet.tld
 "org"
Converts string to lowercase
Returns String
examples
Examples:
iex> Faker.Core.Helper.to_lower("KAMARO")
 "kamaro"
Converts string to lowercase
Returns String
examples
Examples:
iex> Faker.Core.Helper.to_upper("kamaro")
 "KAMARO"
Generates a random url
Generates a valid-looking user_name
Returns String
example
Example
iex> Faker.core.Internet.user_name
 "glover.tremblay"
Generates a single Word
Returns String
example
Example
 iex> Faker.Core.Text.word
 "Lorem"
Link to this function
words(number_of_words \\ 3, as_text \\ false)
View Source
Generates random Loresum string
Returns List or String
examples
Examples
 iex> Faker.Core.Text.words
 ["distinctio", "quo", "incidunt"]
 iex> Faker.Core.Text.words(3, true)
 "rerum accusamus quo occaecati laboriosam optio excepturi est"


text:
PyQt5 – Getting the content of item at specific index in ComboBox
In this article we will see how we can get the content of item at specific index in the combo box. In order to do this we will use the
Syntax : combo_box.itemText(index)
Argument : It takes integer as argument
Return : It return string i.e content of item
Steps for implementation –
1. Create a combo box
2. Add items to combo box
3. Create push button
4. Add action to the push button
5. Create label to show content
5. Inside the action get the content of specific index in combo box with the help of itemIndex method and store it in variable
6. Show the content in label with the help of setText method.
Below is the implementation –
Attention geek! Strengthen your foundations with the Python Programming Foundation Course and learn the basics.
To begin with, your interview preparations Enhance your Data Structures concepts with the Python DS Course. And to begin with your Machine Learning Journey, join the Machine Learning – Basic Level Course


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Issue No.02 - February (2006 vol.32)
pp: 93-110
ABSTRACT
Atomicity is a correctness condition for concurrent systems. Informally, atomicity is the property that every concurrent execution of a set of transactions is equivalent to some serial execution of the same transactions. In multithreaded programs, executions of procedures (or methods) can be regarded as transactions. Correctness in the presence of concurrency typically requires atomicity of these transactions. Tools that automatically detect atomicity violations can uncover subtle errors that are hard to find with traditional debugging and testing techniques. This paper describes two algorithms for runtime detection of atomicity violations and compares their cost and effectiveness. The reduction-based algorithm checks atomicity based on commutativity properties of events in a trace; the block-based algorithm efficiently represents the relevant information about a trace as a set of blocks (i.e., pairs of events plus associated synchronizations) and checks atomicity by comparing each block with other blocks. To improve the efficiency and accuracy of both algorithms, we incorporate a multilockset algorithm for checking data races, dynamic escape analysis, and happen-before analysis. Experiments show that both algorithms are effective in finding atomicity violations. The block-based algorithm is more accurate but more expensive than the reduction-based algorithm.
INDEX TERMS
Concurrent programming, testing and debugging, Java, data race, atomicity.
CITATION
Liqiang Wang, Scott D. Stoller, "Runtime Analysis of Atomicity for Multithreaded Programs", IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, vol.32, no. 2, pp. 93-110, February 2006, doi:10.1109/TSE.2006.18
5 ms
(Ver 2.0)
Marketing Automation Platform Marketing Automation Tool


Parliamentary Question
Annotation of PSLE Certificates
05 October 2020
Mr Don Wee, Chua Chu Kang GRC
To ask the Minister for Education whether the Ministry will consider removing the annotation symbol from the PSLE certificates of those candidates who have been granted access arrangements during the PSLE such as extra time allowance.
1. Examinations are meant to certify the academic achievements of candidates and are administered under a set of standardised conditions. This is to ensure a fair examination and that examination results can be compared meaningfully across candidates.
2. For students with Special Educational Needs or medical conditions, standardised testing conditions may result in them being given an inadequate assessment of their abilities or being unable to take the examinations altogether. To cater to these candidates, the Singapore Examinations and Assessment Board (SEAB) provides access arrangements, which may range from exemption from specific components of the examination and provision of extra time, to provision of a separate room or enlarged print.
3. When access arrangements have been granted, SEAB's policy is to annotate on the examination certificate only when there are significant modifications of the examination. This is done to indicate factually that the candidate has taken the examination under conditions that are different from the standard prescribed conditions, and to uphold the integrity and fairness of the examination.
4. A student's progression to secondary education will not be affected by the annotation, as school postings do not take such annotations into account.


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Let $V$ be a finite-dimensional inner product space and let $x,y\in V$ be nonzero vectors. If there is a self-adjoint operator $A:V\rightarrow V$ such that $A(x)=y$ and $\langle A(v),v\rangle\geq0$ for all $v\in V$, then $\langle x,y\rangle>0$.
I think we can conclude the following inequality $$\langle x,y \rangle=\langle x,A(x) \rangle=\langle A^*(x),x \rangle=\langle A(x),x\rangle\geq 0$$
but I'm not able to show that strict inequality holds (or, in other words, that equality is not possible). Can someone give me a hint?
share|improve this question
I added the operator theory tag since the result is true more generally (and can be proved the same way) on a Hilbert space, with $A$ a bounded self-adjoint positive operator. – 1015 Jul 1 '13 at 1:04
1 Answer 1
up vote 1 down vote accepted
Assume for a contradiction that $(x,y)=0$. Then take an orthonormal basis $(e_j)$ of $V$ starting with $$ e_1=\frac{x}{\|x\|}\qquad e_2=\frac{y}{\|y\|}. $$ The matrix $M$ of $A$ in this orthonormal basis must be symmetric semidefinite positive, and it looks like $$ M=\pmatrix{0&t&0\\ t&*&*\\ 0&*&*}\qquad t=\frac{\|y\|}{\|x\|}>0 $$ by blocks, where the first and the second row are the actual first and second rows of $M$, the remaining blocks being of the ad hoc size.
Can you see a contradiction?
Consider the restriction of the quadratic form $(Ax,x)$ to the span of $\{e_1,e_2\}$, whose matrix is the upper-left $2\times 2$ block of $M$. Since the restriction should be semidefinite positive as well, its eigenvalues, whence its determinant $-t^2<0$, must be nonnegative. Contradiction.
share|improve this answer
Your Answer


Quick Answer: How Can I Make My Fridge Ice Faster?
How long should it take for freezer to get cold?
12-24 hoursDepending on the type and size of your freezer, it generally takes anywhere from 12-24 hours for your freezer to become cold enough to keep food frozen.
A good way to test this is to put an ice cube tray with fresh water into the freezer – when the ice cubes are frozen, it is cold enough to freeze your food properly..
Why is ice from fridge white?
How do you get clear ice in the fridge?
How do you fix a slow ice maker?
What To Do If Your Ice Maker Is SlowLook for a kink in the water line located at the back of the refrigerator. … Check the local water supply valve to ensure that the valve is fully in the "on" position.Replace the water filter, if your refrigerator model has a filter that has not been replaced recently.More items…
How long before new ice maker fills with water?
What should I do if my refrigerator is not cold enough?
Can a fridge make ice without a water line?
You don't need to hook it up if you don't want ice and water, the fridge will work fine without it. No, you do not have to install the water line. … You only need it if the refrigerator has a water dispenser or an ice maker that you plan to use.
How do I make clear ice at home?
How to make clear ice: a tutorialStep 1: Freeze warm water in a cooler for 18 to 24 hours. … Step 2: Remove the ice from the cooler. … Step 3: Cut the ice into cubes with a serrated knife. … Step 3: Shape the clear ice chunks with an ice pick (optional). … Step 4: Store the clear ice.
How do you make clear ice at home?
Why does my fridge make ice so slow?
Make sure the water line isn't restricted and has enough pressure: A problem with the water line can result in small ice cubes. Pull the freezer away from the wall to check the water line leading to it from the wall. … A clogged water filter could be blocking water flow to the ice maker, causing it to run slowly.
Do you turn a fridge up to make it colder?
The numbers on the fridge's temperature dial indicate refrigerant power. The higher the number goes the colder the fridge will maintain. Setting it to 5 will make your fridge the coldest. With this out of the way, it should be noted that a lower fridge temperature does not equal better food storage.
How long does it take a Whirlpool refrigerator to make ice?
The refrigerator and icemaker must be at proper temperature. If just installed, the icemaker itself could take 24 hours to get cold enough to produce ice. The icemaker must reach 15 degrees F before a cycle will begin. The recommended fresh food temperature is 37 degrees F; the freezer temperature is 0 degrees F.
How long does it take for ice to make in a new refrigerator?
6 to 12 hoursAfter you have installed your refrigerator it will take 6 to 12 hours for the fridge-freezer's ice maker to produce ice. You should throw away the first three batches of ice cubes that the ice maker dispenses (approximately 30 cubes) to ensure that all the ice cubes you use are made from clean water.
How do I force my ice maker to cycle?
Can Bad ice make you sick?
University of Texas performed a study found that ice cubes can contain salmonella, E. coli, and shillelagh even when mixed with hard liquor, soda, and water. So no matter the drink or substance inside of the cup, these bacteria can be living in the ice and then get a person sick from drinking one of these bacteria.
How do you keep ice from tasting bad?
How long does it take freezer to make ice?
about three to four hoursHow Long Does It Take Ice Cubes to Freeze? In most situations, ice made in a standard ice tray — those plastic models with space for a dozen tapered cubes — takes about three to four hours to freeze in your home freezer.
How can I make my fridge ice taste better?
Add a Freezer Deodorizer One final way to improve the taste of your icemaker's ice cubes is to add a deodorizer to the freezer. An open box of baking soda will do the job nicely. Be sure to replace the deodorizer regularly to maintain its odor-fighting abilities.


text: Julia Pastrana (1834 – 25 March 1860) was a woman born with hypertrichosis who took part in 19th-century exhibition tours in North America and Europe. Pastrana, an indigenous woman from Mexico, was born in 1834, somewhere in the Sierra of Sinaloa State. She was born with a genetic condition called hypertrichosis terminalis (or generalized hypertrichosis lanuginosa); that is, her face and body were covered with straight black hair. Her ears and nose were unusually large and her teeth were irregular. This latter condition was also caused by a rare disease undiagnosed in her lifetime, namely Gingival hyperplasia, which thickened her lips and gums. Charles Darwin described her as: "Julia Pastrana, a Spanish dancer, was a remarkably fine woman, but she had a thick masculine beard and a hairy forehead; she was photographed, and her stuffed skin was exhibited as a show; but what concerns us is, that she had in both the upper and lower jaw an irregular double set of teeth, one row being placed within the other, of which Dr. Purland took a cast. From the redundancy of the teeth her mouth projected, and her face had a gorilla-like appearance".