What does these operator mean **, ^, %, // ?
+4 votes
I know the basic operators (+,_,*,/) but I get confuse between the complex ones such as **, ^, %, //. What does these operators mean and for what it is used?
Apr 11, 2018 in Python by ana1504.k
- 7,890 points
83 views
3 answers to this question.
+3 votes
Best answer
** - Performs exponential (power) calculation on operators
^ - Binary XOR
% - Modulus (Divides left hand operand by right hand operand and returns remainder)
// - divide with integral result (discard remainder)
Consider the below example:
a=10
b=20
print(a**b)
print(a^b)
print(a%b)
print(a//b)
Output:
100000000000000000000
30
10
0
answered Apr 11, 2018 by anto.trigg4
- 3,440 points
selected Oct 12, 2018 by Omkar
+1 vote
You can find all of those operators in the Python language reference, though you'll have to scroll around a bit to find them all. As other answers have said:
 - The ** operator does exponentiation. a ** b is a raised to the b power. The same ** symbol is also used in function argument and calling notations, with a different meaning (passing and receiving arbitrary keyword arguments).
 - The ^ operator does a binary xor. a ^ b will return a value with only the bits set in a or in b but not both. This one is simple!
 - The % operator is mostly to find the modulus of two integers. a % b returns the remainder after dividing a by b. Unlike the modulus operators in some other programming languages (such as C), in Python a modulus it will have the same sign as b, rather than the same sign as a. The same operator is also used for the "old" style of string formatting, so a % b can return a string if a is a format string and b is a value (or tuple of values) which can be inserted into a.
 - The // operator does Python's version of integer division. Python's integer division is not exactly the same as the integer division offered by some other languages (like C), since it rounds towards negative infinity, rather than towards zero. Together with the modulus operator, you can say that a == (a // b)*b + (a % b). In Python 2, floor division is the default behavior when you divide two integers (using the normal division operator /). Since this can be unexpected (especially when you're not picky about what types of numbers you get as arguments to a function), Python 3 has changed to make "true" (floating point) division the norm for division that would be rounded off otherwise, and it will do "floor" division only when explicitly requested. (You can also get the new behavior in Python 2 by putting from __future__ import division at the top of your files. I strongly recommend it!)
answered Oct 12, 2018 by findingbugs
- 4,770 points
+1 vote
answered Oct 12, 2018 by abc
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This is what use to get a circle:
GeometricShapeFactory shape = new GeometricShapeFactory(gf);
 shape.setCentre(new Coordinate(40.748754,-73.985460));//Empire Sate Building
 shape.setSize(2* (10*0.009));//expect 10km radius
 final Polygon circle = shape.createEllipse();//createCircle deprecated
What I get is a weird ellipse. I know that closer to the equator we get'more perfect' circle but still, is it valid circle for radius of 10km with ESB as a center point?
ellipse generated by jts over nyc
Reading Dr. Ian Turton posts, github repo, and other great materials he shares, I know that I can use geotools and do that differently but I would like to stick with that approach.
I am writting an application. In MySQL I store malls with their location (spatial type Point). What I want to do is to get malls from db that are in a certain circle (via ORM). In order to do that I have to create a Polygon(circle, linearring) in which orm will look. And Instead of using complicated calculations (and additional library). I thought I can use GeometricShapeFactory from jts lib I am already using. But because I am less than beginner what it comes to these things, all I wanted to ask, is whether or not the vertical ellipse generated by jts is valid for my purposes or not?
I am using google maps (as basemap).
My question: Based on the fact that my ellipse is just wrong (considering given radius it should be a perfect circle - _USER_ comment), how can I generate a proper Polygon(circle, linearring) based on radius and center point? (I am going to use it in hibernate-spatial: (...).add(SpatialRestrictions.within(Mall.LOCATION, getCircle(centerPoint, 10)));)
 - 1
 Please Edit the question to be less opinion-based and more problem-oriented. You need to include crucial information -- the projection of the basemap -- because the answer to "Why is my geodetic circle elongated on a Web Mercator map" is "Because it's Web Mercator". – Vince Jan 20 '18 at 14:14
 - 1
 Your code generates the circle in longitude/latidude units. You expect wrong that 10*0.009 degrees is about 10 km in both N-S and E-W directions when you location is at latitude of 40 degrees N. Just check what the E-W distance would be as kilometers at 80 degrees N. Nothing weird at all. – user30184 Jan 20 '18 at 16:52
 - You still haven't stated what basemap your graphic uses. – Vince Jan 20 '18 at 16:54
 - _USER_ I used _URL_ – user3529850 Jan 20 '18 at 17:04
 - 1
 Please edit the question to clarify it. It's not fair to those who would answer to need to mine the comments for critical information. – Vince Jan 20 '18 at 17:57
My first approach was giving me wrong results (wrong circle - a vertically elongated ellipse). It is not the right one because (to quote _USER_):
"Because Mercator projections are conformal, a small circle (and 10 km radius is very small compared to the globe) should appear on the map as a circle, period".
After _USER_ help/comment/suggestion, I think I got something, that can be called an answer. Snippet about conversion from geogrpahic to projected coordiante system is taken from here. This code gives me a perfect circle over NYC:
final GeometricShapeFactory shape = new GeometricShapeFactory(new GeometryFactory());//INFO :jts lib
final PointWrapper circleCenterPoint = getCircleCenterPoint();
final Coordinate centreInUTM = new Coordinate(projectedToGeographic(circleCenterPoint.getLatitude(),
shape.setSize(2 * getRadiusInMeters());
//WGS 1984 is a geographic coordinate system, and UTM is a projected coordinate system
Polygon polygon = new GeometryFactory().createPolygon(Arrays.stream(shape.createEllipse().getCoordinates())
 .map(c -> geographicToProjected(c.getOrdinate(X),
criteria.add(SpatialRestrictions.within(Mall.LOCATION, polygon));//INFO :hibernate spatial
private Coordinate projectedToGeographic(double latitude, double longitude) {
 LatLong latlong = LatLong.valueOf(latitude, longitude, NonSI.DEGREE_ANGLE);
 UTM utm = UTM.latLongToUtm(latlong, ReferenceEllipsoid.WGS84); //INFO :jscience lib
 double cX = utm.getCoordinates()[0];
 double cY = utm.getCoordinates()[1];
 return new Coordinate(cX, cY);
private Coordinate geographicToProjected(double easting, double northing) {
 UTM utm = UTM.valueOf(18, 'T', easting, northing, METRE);//INFO :18T UTM for NYC
 CoordinatesConverter utmToLatLong = UTM.CRS.getConverterTo(LatLong.CRS);
 LatLong latLong = utmToLatLong.convert(utm);
 double cX = latLong.getCoordinates()[0];
 double cY = latLong.getCoordinates()[1];
 return new Coordinate(cX, cY);
This essentially comes down to a choice as to how accurate you need your circle to be versus how much effort you want to expend calculating the circles.
The reason you need to make this choice is that the Earth is spherical and you want to draw your map on a flat screen (or paper). Thus this, and all other maps are a compromise. It is impossible to accurately portray a curved shape on a flat map and preserve its shape and area.
You have chosen a "quick" and "dirty" method to calculate your circle by assuming that lengths are the same in the N-S direction as the W-E direction. This is not the case in your chosen projection (Web Mercator, EPSG:3857) so you end up with an ellipse. This is the smaller ellipse in the picture below.
If you had used the GeoTools code I gave in the other question you refer to then it would have transformed the point into a projection where lengths were the same in both directions, calculated the circle and transformed it back to lat/lon (EPSG:4326). This is the solid circle shown in the picture.
The other dotted ellipse is what you get if you take the average of 10km N-S and E-W and use that distance for a simple buffer.
enter image description here
But if we switch the map to EPSG:4326 (Lat/Lon degrees) we get:
enter image description here
Now the "simple" circles look closer to round and the "real" circle looks elliptical, but they are all enclosing exactly the same points on the map.
 - I think that the problem was in believing that the distances in N-S and W-E directions are the same if EPSG:4326 degrees are converted into meters. EPSG:3857 is almost conformal and circles remain almost round but the size of the circle would be nonsense _URL_-mercator-and-comparisons.html. – user30184 Jan 22 '18 at 13:40
 - 1
 Your assertions about impossibility misinterpret the facts. It not only is possible to map a spherical circle with perfect accuracy of shape and area, it's easy to do so. No compromise is necessary. What is not possible is to map all shapes on an intrinsically curved surface with perfect metric accuracy. The distinction is important, because it helps us understand what we may reasonably hope to accomplish with a map. – whuber Jan 22 '18 at 18:30
double latitude = 40.748754d;
double longitude = -73.985460d;
double diameterInMeters = 20000d; //20km
GeometricShapeFactory shapeFactory = new GeometricShapeFactory();
shapeFactory.setNumPoints(128); // adjustable
shapeFactory.setCentre(new Coordinate(latitude, longitude));
// Length in meters of 1° of latitude = always 111.32 km
// Length in meters of 1° of longitude = 40075 km * cos( latitude ) / 360
shapeFactory.setWidth(diameterInMeters / (40075000 * Math.cos(Math.toRadians(latitude)) / 360));
Polygon circle = shapeFactory.createEllipse();
 - As the user _USER_ said in other place, keep in mind that JTS uses longitude first, so the new Coordinate when setting the center should be inverted. – sebasira Feb 25 at 13:26
Your Answer


text:
the run, I spray paint the 12:16pm point. If the locus of the shadow for each day developes a cycloid over time, you'll know that the pole has started to bend or the bubble level isn't vertical anymore.
Before each session (each day's readings) I rotate the bubble level 90° with respect to the pole (using the seam in the pole for orientation), giving 1 of 4 different orientations. If there were any systematic problems in the gnomon, I would see a pattern in the noon spots that repeated every 4 days of readings. I didn't see any pattern with a 4 day periodicity.
With the poor analemmas I was getting, I didn't want any bad data, so if it was cloudy at local mean noon, but I had a good run of points uptil and after that time, I didn't interpolate, and just threw away the data for that day.
That's how you use and test a straight and vertical gnomon. How do you check that it's straight and vertical in the first place? Once the gnomon was assembled I did these two checks in order (any time of day you get a shadow is fine)
Check the pole for straightness: Make the pole vertical according to the bubble level. (The bubble level hasn't been calibrated for verticallity yet, which doesn't matter for this test.) Take a reading (chalk mark the shadow on the ground). For the next reading 1 min later, hold onto the bubble level so that it doesn't rotate, and rotate the pole 45° (the direction doesn't matter, pick one and keep rotating the same way for all tests; you can use the seam on the tube track your orientation). Do a series of readings, at 1 min intervals, each time rotating the pole 45°, while holding onto the bubble level frame, to stop it from rotating. It will take 8 mins to get a complete cycloid. You now have 9 readings (0..8mins) taken with the pole rotating 45° each time, while the bubble level remained stationary. Repeat this, for another 8mins, or until you get the same pattern each time (as above). Look at the line of the shadow points. The locus of the shadow has to be a straight line of evenly spaced points. If you chose the piece of EMT carefully, this test should pass. If this test fails, you need a new piece of EMT.
Check the bubble level for verticallity: The bubble level is only vertical enough to put in fence posts. Here you get it vertical enough for an analemma. This test will only work, when the previous test passed.
This time I rotated the pole, allowing the bubble level to rotate along with the pole.
|For the orientations at multiples of 90° you can line up the shadow of the pole on the bubble level frame, or have the sun grazing a flat of the frame. For the orientations at multiples of 45° I line up the shadows of the bubble level frame edges.|
If the bubble level frame isn't vertical in both directions, you'll get a cycloid and you'll need to shim the bubble level frame. You do this by inserting tape (regular office grade sticky tape is fine, see bubble level with collar) at the top or bottom of the two faces of the bubble level frame, where they touch the pole (making 4 adjusting points). Put the pole in the orientation that produces the cusps (or bumps) of the cycloid; shim the bubble level frame to move the shadow back half the width of the cycloid path. Iterate till the locus of the shadow is a straight line (I needed 3 layers of tape in one spot to get it right).
While you can calibrate this gnomon, you can only check its calibration during use. You can't easily add pieces of sticky tape between the bubble level and the pole, to see if that gives a straighter line.
Here's simulated (graph_cycloid.py) and actual data for this gnomon
Figure 21. Mk2 gnomon. 7 days of data
With a functioning Mk2 gnomon, I had to throw out my previous data, which had been produced by a pole which presumably was progressively bending with time. If you're looking for reproducability between years, you need 2 years of data to get one point. For my next round, I started in spring, with each day's run showing nice straight lines of points. As the days went on, I was still getting erratic points on the analemma, for which I could find no explanation. 12 months later, I saw that the points in the spring were about 30-45secs different from the previous year, but by summer, the points for each day were the same as the year before.
When previous days chalk marks hadn't been washed out by rain, I would have expected the points at any particular time (say 12:05pm) to all line up, but the line joining points of the same time were very noisy, at least 30-45secs. Often it was hard to trace the line of constant time back through previous day's readings.
From my position at the gnomon while taking the 16mins of points, I could see at the accumulating chalk marks and the estimated position for the next mark. If there was anything obviously wrong with the next point, I could see it coming and could look at the bubbles or the elastic for clues as to what I might have done wrong. I know that checking the current datum to see if it's compatible with previously recorded data is fudging, but I had the choice of recording a bad point or recording a much better point which seemed quite compatible with the bubble level. The possibility that I was fudging the data was worrying, but I didn't have any objective measure of how much fudging I might be doing.
By dumb luck, about 2yrs later, due to a run of fine weather, and juggling my work schedule, I collected data for an unprecedented 17 consecutive days.
Figure 22. 17 days of data
From my position at the gnomon, the 17 days of data looked fine, but later standing to the side of the analemma (the direction I didn't see from the gnomon), the data was a mess. The lines should have all been parallel, but while straight (little noise), they weren't parallel. Some adjacent pairs of lines converged as they went towards the analemma and some diverged. Any fudging I might be doing, should have no effect on this non-observed dimension. If I was only fudging left-right, then rather than straight non-parallel lines with little noise, I should have seen parallel but noisy lines. From my view point at the gnomon, I was clearly straightening the lines, while at the same time stopping the lines from being parallel. Whatever I was doing from the gnomon was affecting the data in the other dimension. I was adding about 30sec of fudging.
For a control, I went back to my original method, of not looking at the shadow till I was about to record it (no antipation and corrections of problems).
The hand held Mk2 gnomon wasn't going to get any better than 30-60secs of accuracy. Presumably having a fixed jig (rather than hand holding) for the gnomon would have helped this initial calibration. Still even after this type of calibration, I would have to record the data with a hand held gnomon.
Here's the analemma after a few years with the Mk2 gnomon. The white lines are 2 mins of sun movement.
Figure 24. Analemma looking north.
Figure 25. Analemma looking south.
Clearly the best gnomon would be fixed (rather than hand held). Instead of standing at the gnomon, I could stand at the shadow point and when the moment came, I could mark the spot. A lot less room for fudging. I'd spent much time over the previous years, trying without success, to figure out a way to turn a heavy duty surveyor's tripod into a 10' high gnomon. Then one day I met some astronomer friends for dinner in Raleigh. Being early, and having nothing better to do for 20mins, I stopped in at the nearby Peace St Camera Store for some idle walking around. (I'm not much into cameras, I can never keep track of all my photos, and have given up trying to take more, however I admire the technical aspects of lenses etc. I didn't make the transition from film to digital SLRs as I have a bucket of Olympus OM1 backs and lenses, and would have expected Olympus to make a line of digital cameras, which could use my Zuiko lenses. Because of this experience, if I buy another good camera, it will be from a company that wants me as a continuing customer, when a subsequent generation of hardware arrives.) There I spied a light 128" tripod for mounting remote flash attachments, for use in weddings etc. It just might do.
Here's what I had to do to convert the light tripod to be a gnomon
a sphere at the top to cast a shadow
|A lens, at the top of the pole, to make a bright spot in the center of a shadow, would have been even better, but I've never been able to find anything with a focal length of 18'. Later when I adopted the method of rotating the gnomon 45° for each reading, I would need a way of keeping the lenses

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Definition of Suppurate
Suppurate: To form or discharge pus. The adjective is suppurative, as in suppurative arthritis. The noun is suppuration, and is rarely used today. From the Latin puris = pus.Source: MedTerms™ Medical Dictionary
Last Editorial Review: 6/14/2012
Drug Medical Dictionary of Terms by Letter
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additive in a sentence
Example sentences for additive
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Those who ate the additive that was harder to break down also reported that they felt fuller after the meal, the study says.
For stature, the additive variance is spread across too many loci for this model to be plausible.
These plots are measuring narrow sense heritability, which is the additive genetic variance over the phenotypic variance.
The way to think of this is as an additive process, with the larger object entirely in control of the addition.
That's strongly indicative of marginal additive genetic variance effecting mate choice.
It is already widely used as a gelling agent and a food additive.
Motor manufacturers have severe biofuel additive limits on their warranties.
You're adding an anti-foaming additive, a dispersant and a detergent.
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Once a food additive is approved, any manufacturer of food or food packaging may use the food additive.
Plus, it does not mean vaccines plus some additive in food, plus who knows what else in combination does it.
It is already being used as a fuel additive-to help gasoline burn more completely and, thus, cut down on air pollution.
It is not on ventilation changes that can help that but also sometimes that is a needed additive.
Drop subsidies for corn ethanol and it would disappear, except as an anti-knock additive, within a year.
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Cholesterol-fighting additive envisioned for snacks.
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. A channel represents a collection of sender addresses, for example, a set of SMS short codes that can be used to send text-based messages. A sender address can be any long code, short code or alphanumeric ID that applications can send SMS messages from. You can use your own sender address or purchase a sender address owned by Syniverse. When sending messages via a channel, the Syniverse Messaging API service chooses the most appropriate sender address for each message and recipient. To get a Syniverse-provisioned test channel ID for testing SMS in the U.S. or Canada, go to your Syniverse Dashboard > Service Offerings > Messaging Accounts > Public Channels (U.S. apps must use the "US MT Test Channel"). To test in the U.S. or Canada, you also need to whitelist test phone numbers as described in Setting Up a Mobile App for Notifications.
 - The authentication keys you got from Syniverse: Consumer Key, Consumer Secret and Access Token.
 - By default, consent management is handled by Syniverse, but if you want your app to handle consent management or you want to register devices through the UI, deselect Consent Management Enabled.
 4. Click Create.
Once a notifications profile is created, you can add it to a client by opening the client, selecting its Profiles tab, and clicking Select Profile.
You can add a profile to any client whose platform is valid for the profile's notification service and whose application ID matches that of the profile. If an FCM or GCM profile does not specify a package name, the profile may be used with any Android client.
Registering an App Client
 1. Copy the bundle ID (for iOS), package name (for Android), or application ID (for Windows) so that you have it ready when creating the client.
 Once you create a client, you can't change this value, and the value needs to match that of the profile that you associate with the client.
 2. Click icon to open the side menu to open the side menu and select Mobile Apps > App Profiles.
 3. Click Clients.
 4. Click New Client.
 5. In the New Client dialog:
 - Fill in the Client Display Name and Client Name.
 These can be whatever names that will help you identify the client most easily. The former can have spaces and the latter can't.
 In most places in the user interface, the client display name is used. The client name is used for clients in packages and the trash.
 - Select the Platform (iOS, Android, Windows, or Web).
 - Fill in the Version Number field.
 This version must match the version number of the app as registered with your platform vendor.
 - Fill in the fully-qualified app ID. You get this from the platform vendor.
 For Apple, it is the Bundle ID assigned to the application in the Xcode project.
 For Google, it is the Package Name for the application as declared in its manifest file.
 For Microsoft, it is the Application ID you gave your app when you registered it in the Windows Dashboard.
 For Web, it can be any unique identifier that distinguishes it from other web applications that you register.
 6. Click Create.
 7. On the Settings page, select a mobile backend to associate with the client from the Mobile Backend dropdown.
 8. Click the Profiles tab and select one or more notifications profiles that you want to associate with the client.
 Note:
 If the notifications profile is for the notifications service of the app's vendor (e.g. APNS for an iOS app or FCM for an Android app), the app ID (bundle ID for iOS, package name for Android, or package SID for Microsoft) for the profile must match the app ID specified for the client. A client can only be associated with a single SMS profile.
After you have registered the app client in OMCe, you have a few options for sending notifications to your app, as shown in Sending Notifications to and from Your App.
What Can I Change in a Backend?
If you haven't yet published your backend, you can change the following parts of the backend at any time:
 - Notification profiles
 - Custom APIs (and their implementations)
 - Any connector APIs that are called from custom API implementations
 - Storage collections
 - App policies
Once you have published a backend, its content is frozen. At that point, you would need to create a new version of the backend to make any changes.
Note:
Though you can't change the list of app policies in a published backend, you can change their values.
Connecting Your App to a Backend
Once you have a backend set up and an app registered with that backend, you need to configure your app code to access the backend.
Connecting your app to a backend involves these basic steps:
 - Adding the client SDK libraries to your app. (This step is optional, but highly recommended.)
 - Adding a configuration file to your app to hold environment information that your app needs to access the backend. The SDK classes that you use to make calls to the backend use the values in this file so that you don't have to manually include them in each of your calls.
 - Adding calls to OMCe APIs in your app.
 The APIs available include OMCe platform APIs and any custom APIs that you or other members of your team have developed in OMCe.
 - Testing your app.
Analytics Apps
In order for a business analyst on your team to be able to track analytics for an app, you need to register the app in OMCe and then use the client SDK to instrument the app.
See Analytics for details on instrumenting your apps.
To see how a business analyst would access and use that data in OMCe, see Analyzing Customer Data with Oracle Mobile Cloud, Enterprise.
Registering an Analytics App
So that OMCe can collect and display analytics for an app, you need to register that app in OMCe.
 1. In OMCe, click the application picker and then click New Application.
 The dropdown arrow appears to the right of the title for the currently open application that appears in the top left of the window.
 Screenshot showing the application picker dropdown arrow
 2. In the New Application dialog, type a name for the app, select the appropriate time zone, and click Create.
 The app name can be anything that you want and should be named so that you can easily identify the app (and possibly its version and platform).
 3. Click icon to open the side menu to open the side menu and select Settings > Application to display the environment details and credentials that your app will need for sending analytics data to OMCe.
 You will copy these details into the configuration file provided by the client SDK for your platform.
Associating an Analytics App with a Backend
If you have set up a backend for your apps, you can associate your analytics app with that backend. This association is useful if you are monitoring API call analytics and want to filter them by backend.
To create the association:
 1. Click icon to open the side menu to open the side menu and select Mobile Apps > Backends.
 2. Select the backend you want to use and click Open.
 3. Click the backend's Settings tab.
 4. In the Application ID field, enter the analytics app key that was generated when you created the analytics app.
 You can find this key by opening the analytics app and selecting Settings > Application.


text:
Date of this Version
Paper Session: Student Experiences SIGCSE '20, March 11–14, 2020, Portland, OR, USA
Increasing retention in computer science (CS) courses is a goal of many CS departments. A key step to increasing retention is to understand the factors that impact the likelihood students will continue to enroll in CS courses. Prior research on retention in CS has mostly examined factors such as prior exposure to programming and students' personality characteristics, which are outside the control of undergraduate instructors. This study focuses on factors within the control of instructors, namely, instructional practices that directly impact students' classroom experiences. Participants were recruited from 25 sections of 14 different courses over 4 semesters. A multi-level model tested the effects of individual and class-average perceptions of cooperative learning and teacher directedness on the probability of subsequent enrollment in a CS course, while controlling for students' mastery of CS concepts and status as a CS major. Results indicated that students' individual perceptions of instructional practices were not associated with retention, but the average rating of cooperative learning within a course section was negatively associated with retention. Conconsistent with prior research, greater mastery of CS concepts and considering or having declared a CS major were associated with a higher probability of taking a future CS courses. Implications for findings are discussed.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Published on March 5, 2013 by Amy
Moccasin, skin shoe worn by indigenous people of North America, excepting the sandal wearers of the Southwest area. There were two general types of moccasins, the hard-soled, which was used in the Eastern woodlands and the Southeast cultural areas, and the soft-soled, used in the Plains area. The hard-soled moccasin was made by sewing, with sinew thread, a rawhide sole to a leather upper piece; the soft-soled moccasin was one piece of soft leather with a seam at the instep and the heel. Boot or legging moccasins (sometimes reaching the hip) were worn from Alaska to Arizona and New Mexico, but they were generally part of the woman's costume. The moccasins of certain tribes were distinctive, and sometimes a moccasin track could indicate the tribe of the wearer. Moccasins were usually symbolically decorated with porcupine quills and, after the coming of the Europeans, with glass beads. Special moccasins were used for ceremonies such as the Iroquois adoption service, which required that a recruit put on Iroquois moccasins to indicate that he would follow Iroquois ways.
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text:
Science Fair Project Encyclopedia
National Portrait Gallery (United States)
The National Portrait Gallery is an art gallery in Washington, DC. It has been part of the Smithsonian Institution since 1968. It resides in the Old Patent Office Building and has been closed for renovation since January 2000; the Gallery will reopen on July 4, 2006. While the Gallery is closed, many of the works in its collection are travelling to affiliate museums around the world. The collections of the National Portrait Gallery focus on images of famous Americans, such as George Washington.
The contents of this article is licensed from _URL_ under the GNU Free Documentation License. Click here to see the transparent copy and copyright details


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Accelerating geospatial analysis on GPUs using CUDA
Inverse distance weighting (IDW) interpolation and viewshed are two popular algorithms for geospatial analysis. IDW interpolation assigns geographical values to unknown spatial points using values from a usually scattered set of known points, and viewshed identifies the cells in a spatial raster that can be seen by observers. Although the implementations of both algorithms are available for different scales of input data, the computation for a large-scale domain requires a mass amount of cycles, which limits their usage. Due to the growing popularity of the graphics processing unit (GPU) for general purpose applications, we aim to accelerate geospatial analysis via a GPU based parallel computing approach. In this paper, we propose a generic methodological framework for geospatial analysis based on GPU and its programming model Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA), and explore how to map the inherent parallelism degrees of IDW interpolation and viewshed to the framework, which gives rise to a high computational throughput. The CUDA-based implementations of IDW interpolation and viewshed indicate that the architecture of GPU is suitable for parallelizing the algorithms of geospatial analysis. Experimental results show that the CUDA-based implementations running on GPU can lead to dataset dependent speedups in the range of 13–33-fold for IDW interpolation and 28–925-fold for viewshed analysis. Their computation time can be reduced by an order of magnitude compared to classical sequential versions, without losing the accuracy of interpolation and visibility judgment.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
The Queensland Government has undertaken a market process to progress the master-planned redevelopment of the Herston Quarter.
In this presentation, Kate Copeland and Sam Betros will outline the project vision, explore the delivery model and examine the challenges anticipated during the delivery life-cycle of this major health-city project. Some of the areas they will cover:
- A commercial redevelopment opportunity connected to one of Australia's leading health precincts.
- Exploring the procurement process and delivery project at no net cost to the state.
- A diverse health community delivering health and hospital services, aged care, research, education and supporting and complementary uses.
- Delivering a 'wellbeing community' that creates places for people to live, learn, work, research and thrive.
- An intergenerational supported community where people of all ages and abilities connect and interact.
- Examining the anticipated pain points and delivery challenges during the project life-cycle.
Kate Copeland, Executive Director, Corporate Systems and Infrastructure Metro North Hospital and Health Service
Sam Betros, Transaction Manager, Projects Queensland
The presentation covers the following domains and skills from our competency framework.
Health systems and organisations
Project, supply chain and facilities management
Click here to know more about our competency framework.
*** Can't attend the seated event? Click here to register for the live webcast! ***
Table of 10: $688.00


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Wednesday November 18, 2009
The Fudan-Queen's Centre for Environment and Sustainability Research opened this month at Fudan University in Shanghai, China. The new centre will allow Queen's professors to work in collaboration with colleagues in China, helping the Chinese address environmental challenges in a sustainable fashion.
"With our partners, we hope to help move China along a more sustainable path," says Urban and Regional Planning professor John Meligrana. "We'll also provide more learning opportunities for Queen's students and gain a better understanding of the challenges facing our planet when it comes to sustainable development."
The centre brings together expert researchers from both universities, and other institutions. It provides research and educational opportunities for graduate and undergraduate students, and potential for hosting conferences and workshops related to environment and sustainability research.
The Queen's-Fudan Centre is the newest element in the partnership between Queen's and Fudan universities. Its creation recognizes the need for global cooperation to identify, assess and provide practical solutions to some of the world's most pressing environmental problems, especially as they arise in the context of China, the world's greatest emerging economy


Botanical Garden and Botanical Museum in Berlin, Germany - get details, & find more attractions to visit nearby
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Botanical Garden and Botanical Museum
Königin-Luise-Straße 6-8, 14195 Berlin, Germany
Music Festivals
Botanical Gardens
About Botanical Garden and Botanical Museum
The complex consists of several buildings and glass-houses which features a collection of orchids, carnivorous plants and giant white water lily. The best-known part of the garden is the Great Pavilion (Großes Tropenhaus). The temperature inside is maintained at 30 °C and air humidity is kept high. Among the many tropical plants it hosts a giant bamboo.
Attractions near Botanical Garden and Botanical Museum
Zoo Berlin6.34km from Botanical Garden and Botanical Museum
Oldest and best-known zoo in Germany. It covers 35 hectares (86.5 acres) and has about 1,380 different species and over 20,200 animals, presenting one of the most comprehensive collections of species in the world. It is the most-visited zoo in Europe and one of the most popular worldwide. Regular animal feedings are among its most famous attractions.
German Museum of Technology6.95km from Botanical Garden and Botanical Museum
Exhibits a large collection of historical technical artifacts. The museum's main emphasis originally was on rail transport, but today it also features exhibits of various sorts of industrial technology including maritime and aviation exhibition halls.
Neue Nationalgalerie Berlin7.2km from Botanical Garden and Botanical Museum
Neue Nationalgalerie is a museum of modern art, with a focus on art from early 20th century. The museum owns masterpeices from artists like Pablo Picasso, Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, Joan Miró, Wassily Kandinsky and Barnett Newman. Despite the large size of the museum, the exhibits are rotated at intervals as the collection of artworks at the museum is very large.
Gemäldegalerie7.32km from Botanical Garden and Botanical Museum
Museum where the main selection of paintings belonging to the Berlin State Museums is displayed. It holds one of the world's leading collections of European paintings from the 13th to the 18th centuries.
Victory Column7.34km from Botanical Garden and Botanical Museum
Designed after 1864 to commemorate the Prussian victory in the Danish-Prussian War. When it was inaugurated on 2 September 1873, Prussia had also defeated Austria and its German allies in the Austro-Prussian War (1866) and France in the Franco-Prussian War (1870–71), giving the statue a new purpose. These later victories inspired the addition of the bronze sculpture of Victoria, 8.3 metres (27 ft) high and weighing 35 tonnes.
Berlin Story Bunker7.4km from Botanical Garden and Botanical Museum
Housed inside a 6,500-square-metre WWII bunker, the museum recreates the history of Berlin and some of the most infamous events in German history. The exhibition showcases the sequence of events leading up to Hitler's suicide in 1945, and it has a reconstruction of Hitler's personal study.
Where is Botanical Garden and Botanical Museum
Discover more attractions in Berlin, where Botanical Garden and Botanical Museum is located
Berlin33 attractions
Capital and largest city of Germany by both area and population. Berlin is a world city of culture, politics, media and sciences, and its economy is based on high-tech firms and the service sector, encompassing a diverse range of creative industries, research facilities, media corporations and convention venues.


How to Build a Cargo Trailer
How to Build a Cargo Trailer
Most of us dream of being able to carry our bicycle, motorcycle, or goods safely from one place to another. If you are one of these people, have a look at the article below that cites steps for how to build a cargo trailer for trucks, bicycles, and motorcycles.
Utility trailers are vehicles used for transportation of goods and materials. There are different types of trailers like travel trailer, semitrailer, full-trailer, motorcycle trailer, livestock trailer, etc. Some of these are small in size and mainly used for small businesses, while some are part of a large truck. They are diverse in their construction and design and also in their usability.
Steps for Building a Cargo Trailer
 1. The materials required to build this are a camper, sledgehammer, reciprocating saw, and crowbars.
 2. Dismantle the outside part of a pop-up camper. The frame of the camper is used as the main frame. Cut the metal siding of the camper with the help of reciprocating saw, sledgehammer, and crowbars.
 3. Cut down the plastic roof off the camper shell.
 4. Cut the cabinetry, countertops, and beds from inside the trailer with the reciprocating saw.
 5. Pull up and loosen the trailer flooring with the help of crowbars.
 6. Remove all the wiring and piping from underneath the trailer.
 7. Cut the lumber to proper length and build a deck by laying the board on top of the frame. Secure them with lag bolts. If you want, you can leave some space between the two boards so that it can serve as an outlet for water.
 8. According to the instructions specified by the manufacturer, connect the lighting kit to the rear of the trailer.
 9. Run the wires from the hitch up to the frame so that you can connect the lights to your vehicle plug while pulling the trailer. Your utility trailer is now ready.
How to Build a Bicycle Cargo Trailer
 1. Build the main body with 4 pieces of lumber of 1 x 2 dimensions. Make a ladder-like frame using 90 degree brackets and screw everything properly.
 2. Attach wheels of diameter 16 inches to the frame using electric box cover plate.
 3. Create a trailer arm by cutting and bending it, and drill holes into it so that it can be fixed to the frame. Attach the trailer arm to the frame.
 4. Fold the electric plate. Drill a hole and bolt it onto the wheel of the bicycle. Screw an eye bolt and connect the trailer arm to it. Use a U-clamp for this connection. This will make your hitch.
 5. Screw a plywood of the same size to the frame for creating a smooth surface. Here is your bicycle trailer, ready to carry your favorite bicycle.
How to Build a Motorcycle Cargo Trailer
 1. Cut three pieces of wood of dimensions 25 x 25 x 1/8 inches. These form the front and rear of the motorcycle cargo. For building the sides of the motorcycle trailer, another two pieces of length 48 inches are required. Bolt all the pieces together, which forms the frame of the trailer.
 2. Buy a handle from a trailer-parts depot and weld it to the frame.
 3. Connect an axle of diameter 12 inches to the frame. The maximum length of the axle should be 40 inches. Attach the wheels on this axle.
 4. Finally, attach plywood over the frame to make it smooth and to avoid any damage to the motorcycle. These steps can help you build a motorcycle trailer that can be used for the transportation of your motorcycle.
Cargo trailers are essentially important for the transportation of vehicles and goods. So, gear up to carry your motorcycle, bicycle, or other goods anywhere at any time safely and without hassles.
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Top 4 attractions you must visit in Nalanda
Contents in This Page
Nalanda district is one of the thirty-eight districts of the state of Bihar in India. Bihar Sharif is the administrative headquarters of this district. The districts contains the ancient Nalanda University a UNESCO World Heritage site.
Attractions in Nalanda
Ajatshatru Fort located in Rajgir was built by king Ajatshatru during his rule over the Magadha empire around 2500 years ago in 6th century BC. He was contemporary to Lord Buddha. It was built in a rectangular-shaped with four corners and each corner is covered with stone tower & walls is about 60 Meter long & 2 Meter broad square. Ajatshatru fort is regarded as one of the most ancient forts in India.
Founded in the year of 1971, Nalanda Archaeological Museum has excavations from Rajgir and Nalanda, an ancient university and a monastic complex. There are around 13463 antique items here, out of which 349 are displayed in the 4 main galleries. The archeological items that were found from Nalanda can be traced back between the 5th to 12th centuries AD. However, those brought from Rajgir are even older. Museum consists of sculptures and statues that are in stucco, stone, terracotta,etc.
Founded in the 5th century AD, Nalanda, in Bihar, is one of the world's oldest living cities. It is widely recognized as one of the ancient world's great universities and an important Buddhist centre of academic excellence. When Chinese scholar and traveler Xuan Zang visited sometime between 685 and 762 AD, about 10,000 monks and students lived here, studying theology, astronomy, metaphysics, medicine, and philosophy. Nalanda flourished as an international university under the patronage of Emper
One of the prime tourist attractions in Nalanda, Hiuen Tsang Memorial was constructed in the memory of Hiuen Tsang, a popular Chinese traveler. When the glory of Nalanda University was at its peak, Hieun Tsang had come to India in 633 AD to study Buddhism and mysticism. He came to India during the region of Gupta dynasty and stayed here for 12 years.


How do I forcefully unmount a Linux disk partition?
Posted on in Categories CentOS, Data recovery, Debian Linux, File system, Linux, RedHat/Fedora Linux, Security, Storage, Suse Linux, Sys admin, Troubleshooting, Ubuntu Linux last updated January 27, 2006
Sometimes you try to unmount a disk partition or mounted CD/DVD disk or device, which is accessed by other users, then you will get an error umount: /xxx: device is busy. However, Linux or FreeBSD comes with the fuser command to kill forcefully mounted partition. For example, you can kill all processes accessing the file system mounted at /nas01 using the fuser command.
Understanding device error busy error
Linux / UNIX will not allow you to unmount a device that is busy. There are many reasons for this (such as program accessing partition or open file) , but the most important one is to prevent the data loss. Try the following command to find out what processes have activities on the device/partition. If your device name is /dev/sdb1, enter the following command as root user:
# lsof | grep '/dev/sda1'
Output:
vi 4453 vivek 3u BLK 8,1 8167 /dev/sda1
Above output tells that user vivek has a vi process running that is using /dev/sda1. All you have to do is stop vi process and run umount again. As soon as that program terminates its task, the device will no longer be busy and you can unmount it with the following command:
# umount /dev/sda1
How do I list the users on the file-system /nas01/?
Type the following command:
# fuser -u /nas01/
# fuser -u /var/www/
Sample outputs:
/var/www: 3781rc(root) 3782rc(nginx) 3783rc(nginx) 3784rc(nginx) 3785rc(nginx) 3786rc(nginx) 3787rc(nginx) 3788rc(nginx) 3789rc(nginx) 3790rc(nginx) 3791rc(nginx) 3792rc(nginx) 3793rc(nginx) 3794rc(nginx) 3795rc(nginx) 3796rc(nginx) 3797rc(nginx) 3798rc(nginx) 3800rc(nginx) 3801rc(nginx) 3802rc(nginx) 3803rc(nginx) 3804rc(nginx) 3805rc(nginx) 3807rc(nginx) 3808rc(nginx) 3809rc(nginx) 3810rc(nginx) 3811rc(nginx) 3812rc(nginx) 3813rc(nginx) 3815rc(nginx) 3816rc(nginx) 3817rc(nginx)
The following discussion allows you to unmout device and partition forcefully using mount or fuser Linux commands.
Linux fuser command to forcefully unmount a disk partition
Suppose you have /dev/sda1 mounted on /mnt directory then you can use fuser command as follows:
WARNING! These examples may result into data loss if not executed properly (see "Understanding device error busy error" for more information).
Type the command to unmount /mnt forcefully:
# fuser -km /mnt
Where,
 - -k : Kill processes accessing the file.
 - -m : Name specifies a file on a mounted file system or a block device that is mounted. In above example you are using /mnt
Linux umount command to unmount a disk partition.
You can also try the umount command with â€"l option on a Linux based system:
# umount -l /mnt
Where,
 - -l : Also known as Lazy unmount. Detach the filesystem from the filesystem hierarchy now, and cleanup all references to the filesystem as soon as it is not busy anymore. This option works with kernel version 2.4.11+ and above only.
If you would like to unmount a NFS mount point then try following command:
# umount -f /mnt
Where,
 - -f: Force unmount in case of an unreachable NFS system
Please note that using these commands or options can cause data loss for open files; programs which access files after the file system has been unmounted will get an error.
See also:
Posted by: Vivek Gite
The author is the creator of nixCraft and a seasoned sysadmin and a trainer for the Linux operating system/Unix shell scripting. He has worked with global clients and in various industries, including IT, education, defense and space research, and the nonprofit sector. Follow him on Twitter, Facebook, Google+.
10 comment
 1. Sometimes fuser and lsof fail. One option that works for me is remounting read-only, and then doing a lazy unmount:
 mount -o ro,remount /dev/sdb3
 umount -l /dev/sdb3
 2. I have a cronjob that needs to mount an external hdd and then unmount after it backup to my external hdd.
 This is how my backup.pl inside my cron.daily looks like:-
 system ("/etc/rc.d/init.d/sendmail stop");
 system ("/usr/sbin/cmuExport -d");
 system ("/etc/rc.d/init.d/sendmail start");
 system ("mkdir /mnt/usbdisk");
 system ("mount -t ext3 /dev/sdb1/mnt/usbdisk");
 system ("/bin/tar -zcvf /home/cmu/localhost.tar.gz/home/cmu/localhost");
 system ("mv /home/cmu/localhost.tar.gz/mnt/usbdisk");
 system ("umount -l /dev/sdb1/mnt/usbdisk");
 But it doesn't unmount it. The error message says:-
 umount: /mnt/usbdisk: not mounted
 umount: /mnt/usbdisk: not mounted
 I need help, please thank you.
 1. First: Why are you using perl script instead of bash script if all calls are systemâ€™s? You can just delete â€œsystemâ€ before all of your strings and rename backup.pl to backup.sh. At least this will be easier to debug.
 Second: You have an error in umount command. Here command you needed:
 â€œumount -l /dev/sdb1â€³.
 In fact your command must work for your /dev/sdb1. Error was coz system trying to find block device â€œ/mnt/usbdiskâ€, but this is a mount point.
 3. @ nixcraft
 As you said
 # lsof | grep '/dev/sda1'
 what about if we have a cifs mounted partition ?
Comments are closed.


text:
Quidor, John (kĭdôrˈ) [key], 1801–81, American painter, b. Tappan, N.Y., studied with J. W. Jarvis. Little appreciated in his own time, he was subsequently accorded a place among the best early American artists. He is represented in the Brooklyn Museum by three paintings, Dorothea, Money Diggers, and Wolfert's Will. He is probably best known for his scenes inspired by the writings of Washington Irving, e.g., Ichabod Crane Pursued by the Headless Horseman (Yale Univ.). Quidor often provided a mysterious romantic setting for scenes in which he mingled macabre elements with an earthy humor.
See study by J. Baur (1942).
The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved.
More on John Quidor from Fact Monster:
See more Encyclopedia articles on: American and Canadian Art: Biographies


text: Bacterial translocation from the gastrointestinal tract and macrophage activation are central to current theories of sepsis. The relevance of both in obstructive jaundice is unclear. The effect of bile duct ligation for 7 days on bacterial translocation to mesenteric lymph nodes and on macrophage activation in a rat model was examined. Compared with an incidence of zero in sham-ligated controls, bile-duct ligated rats had a 67 per cent incidence of Gram-negative colonization of mesenteric lymph nodes. This was associated with a significant (P < 0.001) decrease in macrophage tumour necrosis factor, superoxide anion and nitric oxide production compared with that in sham controls. Spontaneous bacterial translocation occurs in experimental obstructive jaundice and is associated with marked suppression of macrophage activation. This suggests a mechanism whereby jaundiced patients may be more susceptible to persistent infection but relatively protected against uncontrolled sepsis.


Mamoru Meaning in English, Mamoru Baby Name Origin Gender Meaning Pronunciation
Does Mamoru Baby Name seem like an intriguing name for your baby? Learn Mamoru Name Meaning in English, its origin and which gender Mamoru Baby Name is most suitable for. Check through our list of names that are related to the name Mamoru, names similar to Mamoru and sibling names of Mamoru. Also, read through a detailed numerology report for the name Mamoru.
Baby Image
Related Mamoru Baby Names
Arlen, Harrison, Noah, Masami, Ember, Rowan, Kalel, Kai, Ethan, Haruto, Finn, Avery::Aimory, Amor, Amora, Amory, Bamard, Cador, Camero, Camira, Catori, Damara
Similar Mamoru Baby Names
Maher, Mahir, Mahuru, Mair, Maira, Maire, Mairi, Mairia, Manar, Manara
Mamoru is a boy's name. Similar names are Major, Mayor, Malory, Mamoun, Mazor and Minoru.


text:
Moving a turbine without any interfering veins? Only using smooth discs and adhesion with the air? The Tesla Turbine, made by Nikola Tesla, was certainly a marvel in its time. But this is no ordinary Tesla Turbine, but a Perez - Tesla Turbine.
The Tesla Turbine was made to be simple and elegant. Pressurized air entered through the periphery, circled about, and spiraled out of the center exit. And as it did it adhered to the smooth discs inside, pulling them and affecting rotary motion. However, the air, which had been following such a graceful path, would make a hard 90 degree turn when it exited the discs. The Perez - Tesla Turbine, available here, extends Tesla's design by using trumpet shaped discs, instead of Tesla's flat discs. This allows for an even smoother transition of the working fluid throughout the engine.
The axle mount for the turbine contains a fixture so that it can be mounted to a Lego Technic axle. Just blowing into the turbine, will cause this engine to rotate, though pressurized air can be used.
** Extreme caution must be used that this turbine not be driven so hard and fast, that it will disintegrate and pose a danger of flying shards. **


text:
VANCOUVER — British Columbia should be well into its rainy season, but instead, persistent hot and dry weather has created drought conditions. Here are some of the numbers connected with the drought:
Recorded rainfall between July and Oct. 18, compared with average rainfall:
Sechelt: current 9 mm, average 200 mm
Powell River: current 27 mm, average 192 mm
Fort Nelson: current 61 mm, average 182 mm
The B.C. government ranks drought levels from 0 to 5, with a 5 rating being the most severe with adverse effects to socio-economic or ecosystem values being almost certain.
5: The Sunshine Coast, all regions of Vancouver Island, Lower Mainland, Fort Nelson, and north, south and east Peace regions.
4: Central Coast, Haida Gwaii, eastern Pacific Range and Kettle.
201: wildfires still burning in B.C.
50: new wildfires sparked since Oct. 11.
23.9: The percentage of wildfires confirmed that were human-caused.
Eleven daily maximum high temperatures were set across B.C. on Oct. 17.
25.5 C: The high temperature in Dawson Creek, 5 C above the previous daily high, set in 2018.
21.6 C: The high temperature in Prince George, 3 C above the previous daily high, set in 1922.
This report by The Canadian Press was first published Oct. 18, 2022.
The Canadian Press


text:
The Vermont Fish & Wildlife Department and The Nature Conservancy have partnered to conserve a parcel of land that connects two separate units of the Mud Creek Wildlife Management Area and protects a 4-mile contiguous stretch of wetland from Ransoms Bay of Lake Champlain to the Canadian border. The tract also connects with 1,000 acres of conserved land on the Quebec side of the border.
The purchase of the 148.9 acre parcel follows a long-term effort to conserve the tract by Fish & Wildlife's Bill Crenshaw and The Nature Conservancy's Jon Binhammer.
"What makes the Crosby tract special is that Bill Crenshaw and Jon Binhammer worked on the conservation of this land for 17 years with two different landowners," said Jane Lazorchak, land acquisition coordinator for the Vermont Fish & Wildlife Department. "Bill and Jon's perseverance to see that this land was conserved and available to the public, in addition to their many other conservation projects throughout Vermont, represent a legacy that will last for generations." Crenshaw retired in December following a 39-year career with the Fish & Wildlife Department.
"We have finally achieved our desired result – permanent public access to about 30 acres of uplands, 120 acres of wetlands, and 1,800 feet of frontage on Lake Champlain, including a natural lake sand beach and rock outcrop called Blue Rock" said Binhammer.
The Crosby tract and Mud Creek area is well known for its waterfowl and other wetland-associated wildlife. "These forested wetlands are the preferred habitat for wood ducks, and the rocky outcrop is a basking habitat for the spiny softshell turtle, a state-threatened species," said Binhammer.
"This is an outstanding piece of fish and wildlife habitat," added Crenshaw. "About 75 percent of it is Lake Champlain-influenced wetlands which are naturally productive."
Funding for this purchase came from the North American Wetlands Conservation Act (NAWCA), passed by Congress in 1989 to conserve wetlands throughout North America for waterfowl and other wetland-dependent species. Vermont Duck Stamp Funds were used in part to help match the NAWCA grant. The Vermont Duck Stamp Program started in 1985 by Legislative action and to date has completed 82 projects in the state with approximately 11,000 acres of wetlands and adjacent uplands protected or enhanced.
Image courtesy Vermont Fish and Wildlife Department


text:
Welcome to the website dedicated to empowering consumers to understand more about how and when to call the emergency services within Ireland and the EU.
At some point in your life, you may need to call the emergency services such as firemen, police, or medical personnel. By being prepared for calling the emergency services, you can get the help you need much more quickly which can often make a big difference. Parents should also teach their children about when and how to call for help.
The principal emergency services are the "blue light" services that respond to normal emergencies in Ireland namely An Garda Síochána, the Ambulance Service, the Fire Service and the Irish Coast Guard. These principal emergency services would be the 'first responders' in most emergency situations.
In Ireland we have two emergency numbers, 999 and 112.
112 works also in all EU countries and from any phone, free of charge. If a family member or friend is travelling within the EU soon, check that they know what number to call in case of any emergency – under stress of an accident, it could prove vital.
Remember when calling 112 (or 999), 'stay calm, stay focused and stay on the line'.


.76 / 2$, which is more precise. I found it using the method explained in the previous section.
So, now, the numerical strategy is to fix $\eta$ for a run of calculation (see e.g. Interaction strength in BCS theory), then fix $\delta$ and find $\tau$, change $\delta$ and solve for $\tau$,... up to obtain $\delta(\tau)$. I believe the previous way is simpler than first fixing $\tau$ to solve for $\delta$, because of the $1/\delta$ in the boundary, but maybe Im wrong on this point.
I obtained the following figure from Maple. 30 seconds of numerical integration is sufficient.
$\delta \left(\tau\right)$ from the BCS hypothesis$
NB I calculated $-\delta$, since the numerically obtained $\delta$ are negative... I do not understand why (anybody gets an idea?). Also, I add by hand the points [0,1] (at $T =T_{c}$) and [1,0] (at $T=0$), since $\lim_{\epsilon \rightarrow 0}1/\epsilon$ is badly defined numerically, but we know these points from the full integral.
To my experience, if you try to calculate $\Delta(T)$ from scratch (choosing a $\omega_{D}$ and an $\eta$ randomly), you will have (a lot of!) troubles. This is because the region when the solution of the self-consistent equation is non-trivial (a solution $\delta \neq 0$ exists) is very narrow. Now, $\tau$ and $\delta$ in between $0$ and $1$ is the good region of non-trivial phase, and we know this from the beginning! By the way, it's always simpler to discuss dimensionless variables as $\delta$ and $\tau$, since they are the only one you should plot.
Finally, a remark: you should wonder about the universal aspect of the simplification... Well, I would say that the BCS theory is valid for weak coupling only from the beginning. So it is of no interest to try to resolve the first integral I wrote in this answer instead of the last one.
P.S.: I've found no mention of the above discussion / substitution in literature, so I wrote my own one :-). I'm deeply interested in some references indeed.
share|improve this answer
I have not tried it on this specific equation, but in principle you can solve problems like this by a combination of numerical integration and a root finding algorithm. For a given variable $x$ you wish to determine for a fixed value $v$ of the integral, the root finding algorithm will find a solution to the equation
The root finding algorithm will try to match the variable in such a way that the equation is satisfied, while the integral is evaluated numerically. In your example, $\Delta$ corresponds to the variable $x$ while $1/N(0)V$ takes on the role of v.
share|improve this answer
How can that be done in a programming language though? – ElizabethPor Feb 27 '13 at 0:20
I would start with math software like mathematica, since it contains useful algorithms for numerical integration and root-finding. – Frederic Brünner Feb 27 '13 at 1:19
This has been done in Mathematica. I'll link you a screen shot: _URL_.png. Problem is, when I try to do this in another language (i.e. Python: _URL_, I cannot ask Python to declare and find $\Delta$ without getting a x is not declared error. – ElizabethPor Feb 27 '13 at 11:31
Your Answer


text:
Spanish geological and environmental consultancy, GeoAmbient, is using a Tiger as part of its subsoil investigation activities.
Tiger, chosen for its humidity resistant, ATEX accredited MiniPID 2 PID sensor, the high performance, handheld VOC detector is being used across outdoor sites, on a year-round basis.
Albert Sabanès comments: "At GeoAmbient, we keep updated on the latest technical developments for our industry through regular communication with suppliers, the internet and by maintaining professional relationships. As a result of this on-going research, we became aware of the benefits offered by the Ion Science Tiger system, including its very good, market-leading MiniPID 2 sensor. We conduct subsoil investigation so it is very important to have in situ information of polluted soils to help us decide the best place to take a sample. Our technical teams work on outdoor sites during all weather conditions so the Tiger's humidity resistant sensor was the most important feature for our business. Of course, the anti-contamination design was also vital to avoid cross pollution and ensure data integrity."
About the Tiger
The Tiger handheld VOC detector is a revolutionary handheld gas detection instrument for the rapid, accurate detection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) within the harshest of environments.
Tiger incorporates Ion Science patented photoionisation detection (PID) sensor technology with humidity resistance and anti-contamination design, proven to dramatically extend run time in the field.
A robust VOC detector Tiger provides a dynamic detection range of 0 to 20,000 parts per million (ppm) with a minimum sensitivity of 0.001ppm (1 ppb), offering the widest measurement range of any other VOC detector on the market.
This handheld VOC detector has the fastest response time on the market of just two seconds and is just as quick to clear down. The instrument can be connected directly to a PC via the USB offering extremely fast data download capabilities.
Tiger has been designed for the safe replacement of batteries in hazardous environments. Long-life rechargeable Li-ion batteries give up to 24 hours of use. Fast battery charging allows the instrument to be fully charged in 6.5 hours, while 8 hours of use can be achieved from 1.5 hours charge.
Low-cost filters and lamps can be easily changed in seconds, minimising instrument downtime. Inexpensive disposable parts mean the Tiger VOC detector has the lowest running costs on the market.
Tiger is a fully upgradeable VOC detector with multiple functions to choose from. A base unit can be upgraded with data logging, health and safety and ppb options, remotely, without needing to be returned to the factory.
Tiger offers simple, one-handed operation for easy VOC detection. Its rugged design and protective, removable rubber boot withstand the harshest environments.
The large, clear back-lit display allows for easy viewing in any light condition. An integrated torch is designed for directing the instrument's probe into dimly lit areas.
Ready to use on start-up the Tiger VOC detector needs no complex set up procedures via a PC to perform basic functions. Its simple-to-use software features require minimal user training.
Tiger uses the same PID sensor technology found within all Ion Science handheld, personal and fixed VOC detectors. This ground-breaking PID technology is widely used and trusted by major gas detection manufacturers worldwide.


Welcome!
Agile Computing Authors: Liz McMillan, Pat Romanski, Elizabeth White, Dana Gardner, Andy Thurai
Related Topics: @DXWorldExpo, Java IoT, Linux Containers, Agile Computing, @CloudExpo, Cloud Security
@DXWorldExpo: Blog Post
In-Memory Database vs. In-Memory Data Grid By @GridGain | @CloudExpo [#BigData]
It's easy to start with technical differences between the two categories
A few months ago, I spoke at the conference where I explained the difference between caching and an in-memory data grid. Today, having realized that many people are also looking to better understand the difference between two major categories in in-memory computing: In-Memory Database and In-Memory Data Grid, I am sharing the succinct version of my thinking on this topic - thanks to a recent analyst call that helped to put everything in place :)
TL;DR
Skip to conclusion to get the bottom line.
Nomenclature
Let's clarify the naming and buzzwords first. In-Memory Database (IMDB) is a well-established category name and it is typically used unambiguously.
It is important to note that there is a new crop of traditional databases with serious In-Memory "options". That includes MS SQL 2014, Oracle's Exalytics and Exadata, and IBM DB2 with BLU offerings. The line is blurry between these and the new pure In-Memory Databases, and for the simplicity I'll continue to call them In-Memory Databases.
In-Memory Data Grids (IMDGs) are sometimes (but not very frequently) called In-Memory NoSQL/NewSQL Databases. Although the latter can be more accurate in some case - I am going to use the In-Memory Data Grid term in this article, as it tends to be the more widely used term.
Note that there are also In-Memory Compute Grids and In-Memory Computing Platforms that include or augment many of the features of In-Memory Data Grids and In-Memory Databases.
Confusing, eh? It is... and for consistency - going forward we'll just use these terms for the two main categories:
 - In-Memory Database
 - In-Memory Data Grid
Tiered Storage
It is also important to nail down what we mean by "In-Memory". Surprisingly - there's a lot of confusion here as well as some vendors refer to SSDs, Flash-on-PCI, Memory Channel Storage, and, of course, DRAM as "In-Memory".
In reality, most vendors support a Tiered Storage Model where some portion of the data is stored in DRAM (the fastest storage but with limited capacity) and then it gets overflown to a verity of flash or disk devices (slower but with more capacity) - so it is rarely a DRAM-only or Flash-only product. However, it's important to note that most products in both categories are often biased towards mostly DRAM or mostly flash/disk storage in their architecture.
Bottom line is that products vary greatly in what they mean by "In-Memory" but in the end they all have a significant "In-Memory" component.
Technical Differences
It's easy to start with technical differences between the two categories.
Most In-Memory Databases are your father's RDBMS that store data "in memory" instead of disk. That's practically all there's to it. They provide good SQL support with only a modest list of unsupported SQL features, shipped with ODBC/JDBC drivers and can be used in place of existing RDBMS often without significant changes.
In-Memory Data Grids typically lack full ANSI SQL support but instead provide MPP-based (Massively Parallel Processing) capabilities where data is spread across large cluster of commodity servers and processed in explicitly parallel fashion. The main access pattern is key/value access, MapReduce, various forms of HPC-like processing, and a limited distributed SQL querying and indexing capabilities.
It is important to note that there is a significant crossover from In-Memory Data Grids to In-Memory Databases in terms of SQL support. GridGain, for example, provides pretty serious and constantly growing support for SQL including pluggable indexing, distributed joins optimization, custom SQL functions, etc.
Speed Only vs. Speed + Scalability
One of the crucial differences between In-Memory Data Grids and In-Memory Databases lies in the ability to scale to hundreds and thousands of servers. That is the In-Memory Data Grid's inherent capability for such scale due to their MPP architecture, and the In-Memory Database's explicit inability to scale due to fact that SQL joins, in general, cannot be efficiently performed in a distribution context.
It's one of the dirty secrets of In-Memory Databases: one of their most useful features, SQL joins, is also is their Achilles heel when it comes to scalability. This is the fundamental reason why most existing SQL databases (disk or memory based) are based on vertically scalable SMP (Symmetrical Processing) architecture unlike In-Memory Data Grids that utilize the much more horizontally scalable MPP approach.
It's important to note that both In-Memory Data Grids and In-Memory Database can achieve similar speed in a local non-distributed context. In the end - they both do all processing in memory.
But only In-Memory Data Grids can natively scale to hundreds and thousands of nodes providing unprecedented scalability and unrivaled throughput.
Replace Database vs. Change Application
Apart from scalability, there is another difference that is important for uses cases where In-Memory Data Grids or In-Memory Database are tasked with speeding up existing systems or applications.
An In-Memory Data Grid always works with an existing database providing a layer of massively distributed in-memory storage and processing between the database and the application. Applications then rely on this layer for super-fast data access and processing. Most In-Memory Data Grids can seamlessly read-through and write-through from and to databases, when necessary, and generally are highly integrated with existing databases.
In exchange - developers need to make some changes to the application to take advantage of these new capabilities. The application no longer "talks" SQL only, but needs to learn how to use MPP, MapReduce or other techniques of data processing.
In-Memory Databases provide almost a mirror opposite picture: they often requirereplacing your existing database (unless you use one of those In-Memory "options" to temporary boost your database performance) - but will demand significantly less changes to the application itself as it will continue to rely on SQL (albeit a modified dialect of it).
In the end, both approaches have their advantages and disadvantages, and they may often depend in part on organizational policies and politics as much as on their technical merits.
Conclusion
The bottom line should be pretty clear by now.
If you are developing a green-field, brand new system or application the choice is pretty clear in favor of In-Memory Data Grids. You get the best of the two worlds: you get to work with the existing databases in your organization where necessary, and enjoy tremendous performance and scalability benefits of In-Memory Data Grids - both of which are highly integrated.
If you are, however, modernizing your existing enterprise system or application the choice comes down to this:
You will want to use an In-Memory Database if the following applies to you:
 - You can replace or upgrade your existing disk-based RDBMS
 - You cannot make changes to your applications
 - You care about speed, but don't care as much about scalability
In other words - you boost your application's speed by replacing or upgrading RDBMS without significantly touching the application itself.
On the other hand, you want to use an In-Memory Data Grid if the following applies to you:
 - You cannot replace your existing disk-based RDBMS
 - You can make changes to (the data access subsystem of) your application
 - You care about speed and especially about scalability, and don't want to trade one for the other
In other words - with an In-Memory Data Grid you can boost your application's speed and provide massive scale by tweaking the application, but without making changes to your existing database.
It can be summarized it in the following table:
In-Memory Data GridIn-Memory Database
Existing Application Changed Unchanged
Existing RDBMS Unchanged Changed or Replaced
Speed Yes Yes
Max. Scalability Yes No
More Stories By Nikita Ivanov
Nikita Ivanov is founder and CEO of GridGain Systems, started in 2007 and funded by RTP Ventures and Almaz Capital. Nikita has led GridGain to develop advanced and distributed in-memory data processing technologies – the top Java in-memory computing platform starting every 10 seconds around the world today.
Nikita has over 20 years of experience in software application development, building HPC and middleware platforms, contributing to the efforts of other startups and notable companies including Adaptec, Visa and BEA Systems. Nikita was one of the pioneers in using Java technology for server side middleware development while working for one of Europe's largest system integrators in 1996.
He is an active member of Java middleware community, contributor to the Java specification, and holds a Master's degree in Electro Mechanics from Baltic State Technical University, Saint Petersburg, Russia.
IoT & Smart Cities Stories
Enterprises have taken advantage of IoT to achieve important revenue and cost advantages. What is less apparent is how incumbent enterprises operating at scale have, following success with IoT, built analytic, operations management and software development capabilities - ranging from autonomous vehicles to manageable


Thermocapillary rupture in falling liquid films at moderate Reynolds numbers
Evgeny Shatskiy, Evgeny Chinnov
Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review
Abstract
An experimental study of the flow of a water film over a heated surface for Re = 15-50 was performed. The influence of the development of thermocapillary instability on the wave amplitudes, the deformation of the surface of the liquid film, and the formation of the first stable dry spot on the heater are investigated. It is shown that the interaction of waves with thermocapillary structures can lead to an increase in the critical heat flux corresponding to the rupture of the liquid film, as compared with the data known in the literature.
Original languageEnglish
Article number0055
JournalEPJ Web of Conferences
Volume159
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 25 Oct 2017
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Introducing dspec
With all the recent focus on baseline grids, keylines, and spacing markers from Android's material design, I found myself wondering how I could make it easier to check the correctness of my Android UI implementation against the intended spec.
Wouldn't it be nice if you could easily provide the spec values as input and get it rendered on top of your UI for comparison? Enter dspec, a super simple way to define UI specs that can be rendered on top of Android UIs.
Design specs can be defined either programmatically through a simple API or via JSON files. Specs can define various aspects of the baseline grid, keylines, and spacing markers such as visibility, offset, size, color, etc.
Baseline grid, keylines, and spacing markers in action.
Baseline grid, keylines, and spacing markers in action.
Given the responsive nature of Android UIs, the keylines and spacing markers are positioned in relation to predefined reference points (e.g. left, right, vertical center, etc) instead of absolute offsets.
The JSON files are Android resources which means you can easily adapt the spec according to different form factors e.g. different specs for phones and tablets. The JSON specs provide a simple way for designers to communicate their intent in a computer-readable way.
You can integrate a DesignSpec with your custom views by drawing it in your View's onDraw(Canvas) method. But the simplest way to draw a spec on top of a view is to enclose it in a DesignSpecFrameLayout—which can take an designSpec XML attribute pointing to the spec resource. For example:
<DesignSpecFrameLayout
 android:layout_width="match_parent"
 android:layout_height="match_parent"
 app:designSpec="@raw/my_spec">
 ...
</DesignSpecFrameLayout>
I can't wait to start using dspec in some of the new UI work we're doing Firefox for Android now. I hope you find it useful too. The code is available on Github. As usual, testing and fixes are very welcome. Enjoy!
Got something to add? Find me on Twitter and Google+


text:
Fuzzy logic feedforward active noise control with distance ratio and acoustic feedback using Takagi–Sugeon–Kang inference
Peng, T, Zhu, Q, Tokhi, MO and Yao, Y (2019). Fuzzy logic feedforward active noise control with distance ratio and acoustic feedback using Takagi–Sugeon–Kang inference. Journal of Low Frequency Noise Vibration and Active Control.
|Authors||Peng, T, Zhu, Q, Tokhi, MO and Yao, Y|
© The Author(s) 2019. Noise, as undesired sound, severely affects the quality of human life. Currently, active noise control method has demonstrated its capability in low-frequency noise cancellation and the advance in saving money and reducing weight and volume of related materials used in the passive noise control technology. The widespread configuration for active noise control technology is finite impulse response filter with filtered-x least mean squares (FxLMS) algorithm. However, the nonlinearities in the secondary path, which mainly arise from sensors, actuators and amplifiers used in the active noise control system, will cause instability and degrade the performance while using the FxLMS algorithm. In order to cope with this challenge, many new approaches have been proposed and fuzzy logic control is one of these. In this paper, a Takagi–Sugeon–Kang-type fuzzy logic control-based feedforward active noise control system with focus on the geometry configuration is introduced. In contrast to previous work, all physical paths are modelled by pure time delay transfer function and the acoustic feedback is added as part of inputs for the fuzzy logic control. Computational experiments are implemented within the Matlab/Simulink platform, and several case studies are presented with time and frequency domain analyses to demonstrate the cancellation ability of the proposed feedforward active noise control system and investigate the influence of distance ratio on the overall noise cancellation performance.
|Journal||Journal of Low Frequency Noise Vibration and Active Control|
|Digital Object Identifier (DOI)||doi:10.1177/1461348419840961|
|16 Apr 2019|
|Publication process dates|
|Deposited||13 May 2019|
|Accepted||01 Jan 2019|
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Aquilea. Aquilea was created by the Spanish author Francisco Camba and appeared in La Sirena Rubia (1926).
Aquilea is a Femme Fatale. She is Spanish but during World War One she spies for Germany in Galicia, near the harbor of Ria Longa. From there she sends signals to German submarines and manipulates English ship captains into falling in love with her and leaving their ships exposed to the U-Boats.


text:
Amberley War Memorial is of c1920 date and comprises a limestone tapering column with a carved wheel cross, set in a stone plinth and stepped platform.
Reason for Listing
Amberley War Memorial, Gloucestershire is designated at Grade II, for the following principal reasons:
* Historic: it has strong cultural and historical significance within both a local and national context;
* Communal: it forms a poignant reminder of the effects of tragic world events on this local community;
* Architectural: although a simple monument, it is an elegant and dignified memorial that contributes to its setting in an historic village with the Cotswolds Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.
This war memorial was commissioned by Amberley War Memorial Committee, founded in 1919, and is shown on the Ordnance Survey Map of 1922. The War Memorial Committee later became the Amberley branch of the Royal British Legion which, in 1949, added to the memorial the names of the nine men killed in World War II.
A war memorial of c.1920 date. It is constructed of local limestone with a copper bolted band around the power part of the column. It comprises a carved wheel cross atop a tall, octagonal, tapering column, approximately 4.5 metres in height. Below the cross is a carved collar with a geometric pattern. The base of the column is square and set on a larger square plinth with moulded corners. The north face of the plinth is inscribed: OUR GLORIOUS DEAD _PHONE_. The other three faces of the base are inscribed with the names, ranks, and regiments/services of the 21 commemorated dead of World War I. The plinth sits on a three-stepped platform. On the north face of the upper most step is inscribed _PHONE_. The remaining three faces of this step are inscribed with the names, ranks, decorations and regiments/services of the 9 commemorated fallen of World War II.
Source: English Heritage
Listed building text is © Crown Copyright. Reproduced under licence.


India's first indigenous jet was left to die young
India's first indigenous jet was left to die young
India's first indigenous jet was left to die young
India's first fighter plane Marut didn't get the boost it deserved.
Today, 50 years later, the IAF has no indigenously built aircraft of any worth. The enthusiam that was associated particularly with Marut died a natural death because of a combination of two factors: import pressures in general and under-powered engines for the aircraft.
Retired IAF officers told Deccan Herald that neither Air Headquarters nor the Ministry of Defence pursued the indegenisation programme beginning with Marut manufactured by the then Hindustan Aircraft Ltd, later christened as Hindustan Aeronatics Ltd (HAL), with gusto. According to Wg Cdr (retd) Praful Bakshi, Marut's "Achilles heel" was its engine.
"After the GNAT started flying, Kurt Tank (a German who had earlier designed the Focke-Wolf) designed the HF-24" which was a "remarkable aircraft but fell short because of the lack of a proper engine".
After the aircraft was commissioned, three squadrons were formed and some of them saw action during the 1971 Indo-Pak war in which it took a lot of hits, as one retired IAF officer said.
At the manufacturing stage, Rolls Royce agreed to make an engine for the Marut at a cost of Rs 7 lakh per engine. But after the company's factory in Egypt was bombed by the Israelis in an air attack the IAF re-designed the aircraft, fitting two GNAT engines on it.
"This did not help because the frame was designed for Mach 2-3 speed and the engines were grossly under-powered," another retired IAF officer said, adding that with no significant help from western countries in developing the Marut's engine, the plan to manufacture more of the HF-24 was dropped.
According to Wg Cdr Bakshi, "the Marut was the only aircraft which flew supersonic without an afterburner, an aspect which "our planners never gave importance to.
Besides, the defence establishment "never thought that this was a great tactical advantage. Senior personnel did not want to fly this aircraft because the worksmanship of HAL was not up to the mark," he notes.
The IAF was "happy because nobody wanted an indigenous programme" even though the Marut could do 640 knots, fly low level with four tanks" (comparable to the American F-22).
Most retired IAF officers Deccan Herald spoke to faulted the Marut's engine whose under-performance was the main reason why production of the aircraft was grounded.
"Imagine what a Rs 4-crore investment could have done to the aircraft", Air Marshal (retd) S K S Ramdas said, adding: "Some of the aircraft had not even clocked 10-12 hours on the log and there was one which had logged only three hours. Only a very rich country like ours could afford such a colossal waste," he said.
Another retired Air Marshal said that several test pilots lost their lives because of a combination of mehcanical faults, including a below par engine. The fighter plane's reputation was marred by technical glitches, including fuel leakages and a problem with the canopy, which eventually took the life of Group Capt Suranjan Das.
After the Indo-Pak war, the government virtually stalled the IAF's programme tilting to the seductive appeal of imports which included the procurement and operationalisation of the Russian MiG-21s which subsequently suffered because of the availability of spare parts.
Now, the aircraft lies all across India in various airfields and the authorities at Air Headquarters and HAL here look the other way because it was a source of embarrassment.


Help Rallies and Protests Succeed
Mason Cummings, The Wilderness Society
Make a strong showing on rally day
Rallies or demonstrations are a great way to raise visibility for conservation and environmental issues. They can help send messages to decision makers and spread awareness to the public. To be successful, rallies require certain elements. Whether you're an veteran protester or attending your first demonstration, your presence will be welcome. So grab your demonstration sign and get out there. But first, check out our tips below for how you can help make things go smoothly.
Before the rally
At the rally
Organizers often provide tools for making signs, but you can make your own ahead of time to ensure a strong visual statement. If there is a check-in table, be sure to stop by and sign your name to petitions as well as any mailing lists for future events.
After the rally
During and after the rally, keep the buzz going by sharing photos as well as local news stories on your social networks using popular hashtags.
Tag your Congress member to help drive publicity about the event. Share local media posts and leave supportive comments on social news media feeds. Use the comments sections of news stories and social media posts to add critical information that the reporter may have left out.
Climate March 2017, DC
Marching for the climate in Washington, DC
Jonathan Meyers, The Wilderness Society
Tips for success
 1. Demonstrate peacefully
 Be peaceful and respectful to passers by and ignore those who taunt or attempt to incite violence. It goes without saying that you should never damage public property in the course of a protest.
 2. Welcome the media
 Nothing helps amplify your voice like the news media can. If you're approached by a reporter, be willing to talk about why you have come or help the reporter get information. If you're uncomfortable being on camera or being quoted, point the reporter in the direction of an organizer or someone who can serve as an articulate spokesperson in your group.
 3. Stick to the issue
 Whether it's the words on your picket sign or the banter you engage in, you'll want to keep your focus on the issue at hand. Don't get lured into heated dialogue or arguments with passers-by. If the rally is about climate change, keep the focus on climate change.
 4. Be constructive
 When possible focus on solution-oriented messages for picket signs, slogans or chants. Avoid polarizing slogans that don't further the debate in a constructive way. Steer clear of picket signs or banter that spreads false "either-or" arguments. For example, pro-development voices might like the public to believe we must choose between jobs or conservation, but this is a false argument.