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Social judgment theory
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Social judgment theory (SJT) is a persuasion theory proposed by Carolyn Sherif, Muzafer Sherif, and Carl Hovland.[1] According to Sherif and Sherif, Social Judgment Theory is the perception and evaluation of an idea by comparing it with current attitudes. We do this theory in our heads by weighing every new idea by comparing it with our present point of view. Basically, we hear a message and immediately judge where it should be placed on the attitude scale [2] in our own minds. SJT is the subconscious sorting out of ideas that occurs at the instant of perception.
Social Judgment Theory arose from Egon Brunswik's Probabilistic Functionalist psychology and his Lens Model which are socio-psychological theories.[3] It also comes from Judgment Theory. SJT is a theory that focuses on the internal processes of an individual's judgment with relation to a communicated message. SJT was intended to be an explanatory method designed to detail when persuasive messages are most likely to succeed. Attitude change is the fundamental objective of persuasive communication. SJT seeks to specify the conditions under which this change takes place and predict the direction and extent of the attitude change. SJT attempts to explain how likely a person might be to change their opinion, the probable direction of that change, their tolerance toward the opinion of others, and their level of commitment to their position.[4] The SJT researchers claimed expectations regarding attitude change could be based on the message receiver's level of involvement, the structure of the stimulus (and how many alternatives it allows), and the value (credibility) of the source.
Development of SJT
SJT arose from social psychology and was based on laboratory findings resulting from experiments. These experiments studied the mental assessment of physical objects, referred to at the time as psychophysical research. Subjects were asked to compare some aspect of an object, such as weight or color, to another, differing object. The researchers discovered that when a standard was provided for comparison, the participants categorized the objects relative to the aspects of the standard. For example, if a very heavy object was used as the standard in assessing weight, then the other objects would be judged to be relatively lighter than if a very light object was used as the standard. The standard is referred to as an "anchor". This work involving physical objects was applied to psychosocial work, in which a participant's limits of acceptability on social issues are studied.[5][6] Social issues include areas such as religion and politics.
Judgment process and attitudes
Rooted in judgment theory, which is concerned with the discrimination and categorization of stimuli, it attempts to explain how attitudes are expressed, judged, and modified.[7] A judgment occurs when a person compares at least two stimuli and makes a choice about them. With regard to social stimuli specifically, judgment processes incorporate both past experiences and present circumstances.[8] Sherif et al. (1965) defined attitudes as "the stands the individual upholds and cherishes about objects, issues, persons, groups, or institutions" (p. 4).[6] Researchers must infer attitudes from behavior. The behavior can be in response to arranged or naturally-occurring stimuli.[5][9] True attitudes are fundamental to self-identity, are complex, and thus can be difficult to change. One of the ways in which the SJT developers observed attitudes was through the Own Categories Questionnaire. This method requires research participants to place statements into piles of most acceptable, most offensive, neutral, and so on, in order for researchers to infer their attitudes. This categorization, an observable judgment process, was seen by Sherif and Hovland (1961) as a major component of attitude formation.[5] As a judgment process, categorization and attitude formation are a product of recurring instances so that past experiences influence decisions regarding aspects of the current situation. Therefore, attitudes are acquired.[6]
Latitudes of rejection, acceptance, and noncommitment
Social Judgment Theory also illustrates how people compare their personal positions on issues to other people's positions. Individuals hold both a personal position on an issue and latitudes of what they think is acceptable or unacceptable in general for other people.[4] Social attitudes are not cumulative, especially regarding issues where the attitude is extreme.[6] This means a person may not agree with less extreme stands relative to his/her position, even though they may be in the same direction. Furthermore, even though two people may seem to hold identical attitudes, their "most preferred" and "least preferred" alternatives may differ. Thus, a person's full attitude can only be understood in terms of what other positions he/she finds acceptable (or not) in addition to his/her own stand.[9] Sherif saw an attitude as amalgam of three zones or latitudes. There is the latitude of acceptance which is the range of ideas that a person sees as a reasonable or worthy of consideration, the latitude of rejection, which is the range of ideas that a person sees as unreasonable or objectionable, and finally the Latitude of noncomitment which is the range of ideas that a person sees as neither acceptable nor questionable.[10]
These degrees or latitudes together create the full spectrum of an individual's attitude. Sherif and Hovland (1961) define the latitude of acceptance "as the range of positions on an issue... an individual considers acceptable to him (including the one'most acceptable' to him)" (p. 129). On the opposite of the continuum lies the latitude of rejection. This is defined as including the "positions he finds objectionable (including the one'most objectionable" to him)".[5] This latitude of rejection was deemed essential by the SJT developers in determining an individual's level of involvement and thus his/her propensity to an attitude change. The greater the rejection latitude, the more involved the individual is in the issue and thus is harder to persuade. In the middle of these opposites lies the latitude of noncommitment, a range of viewpoints where one feels primarily indifferent. Sherif claimed that the greater the discrepancy, the more hearers will adjust their attitudes. Thus, the message that persuades the most is the one that is most discrepant from the listener's position yet falls within his or her latitude of acceptance or latitude of noncommitment.[10]
These degrees of latitude together are very useful when your goal is to persuade someone. If you can judge their latitude of acceptance, rejection, noncommittment or anchor you can better craft your message to move their opinion along the line closer to your goal.
Assimilation and contrast
Sometimes people perceive a message that falls within their latitude of rejection as farther from their anchor than they really are. This is called Contrast. The opposite of Contrast is Assimilation, and that is a perceptual error whereby people judge messages that fall within their latitude of acceptance as less discrepant from their anchor than they really are.[10] These latitudes dictate the likelihood of assimilation and contrast. When a discrepant viewpoint is expressed in a communication message within the person's latitude of acceptance, the message is more likely to be assimilated or viewed as being closer to person's anchor, or own viewpoint, than it actually is. When the message is perceived as being very different from one's anchor and thus falling within the latitude of rejection, persuasion is unlikely due to a contrast effect. The contrast effect is what happens when the message is viewed as being further away than it actually is from the anchor. Messages falling within the latitude of noncommitment, however, are the ones most likely to achieve the desired attitude change. Therefore, the more extreme stand individual has, the greater his/her latitude of rejection and thus the harder he/she is to persuade.[citation needed]
Ego involvement
It was speculated by the SJT researchers that extreme stands, and thus wide latitudes of rejection, were a result of high ego-involvement.[11] Ego involvement is the importance or centrality of an issue to a person's life, often demonstrated by membership in a group with a known stand. According to the 1961 Sherif and Hovland work, the level of ego-involvement depends upon whether the issue "arouses an intense attitude or, rather, whether the individual can regard the issue with some detachment as primarily a 'factual' matter" (p. 191). Religion, politics, and family are examples of issues that typically result in highly involved attitudes; they contribute to one's self-identity.[6]
The concept of involvement is the crux of SJT. In short, Sherif et al. (1965) speculated that individuals who are highly involved in an issue are more likely to evaluate all possible positions, therefore resulting in an extremely limited or nonexistent latitude of noncommitment. People who have a deep concern or have extreme opinions on either side of the argument always care deeply and have a large latitude of rejection because they already have their strong opinion formed and usually aren't willing to change that. High involvement also means that individuals will have a more restricted latitude of acceptance. According to SJT, messages falling within the latitude of rejection are unlikely to successfully persuade. Therefore, highly involved individuals will be harder to persuade per SJT. In opposition, individuals who have less care in the issue, or have a smaller ego involvement, are likely to have a large latitude of acceptance. Because they are less educated and do not care as much about the issue, they are more likely to accept more ideas or opinions about an issue easily. This individual will also have a large latitude of noncommitment because again, if they do


text:
social justice: promoting respect and equity upon all people of all minority and majority demographics
SJA: short for social justice activist/activism/awareness - promoting social justice with the specific goal of educating people to be more equitable and respectful of all people regardless of demographic (or, someone who does all this). Best taken as a compliment.
SJW: short for social justice warrior/wanker - someone who uses social justice and social justice activism/awareness to bully, harass, and dogpile people, often over semantic mistakes as much as legitimate offense, refusing to accept apologies or acknowledge mistakes for being just that, and general using SJ(A) to be an asshole. As you can probably tell, it's generally not used as a compliment.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


A quick guide to using multi-model inference for model selection in R
Use computing power to choose the best fit model.
July 16, 2020
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Model selection is a longstanding issue in statistical analysis. How should we choose the best model? Kenneth Burnham and David Anderson argue we should be using insight from information theory to select models. Their approach is called Multi-Model Inference.
Model Selection and Multimodel Inference: A Practical Information-Theoretic Approach
How does multi-model inference work?
Very simply, multi-model inference works by testing all possible combinations of variables in a model and ranking them by their fit. Ranking is done using the Aikaike Information Criterion (AIC). AIC is a measure of model fit, taking into account model simplicity. The aim of multi-model inference and AIC is to determine the best fit model using the fewest variables.
Using multi-model inference in R
The package MuMIn has everything needed to perform multi-model inference. To test it out, we will use data from the University of Wisconsin County Health Project. This dataset contains health data from six states in the U.S.
packages <- c("readr", "MuMIn", "nlme", "car") # packages you will need
#lapply(packages, install.packages, character.only = TRUE) # install packages
lapply(packages, library, character.only = TRUE) # load packages
dat <- as.data.frame(read_csv(url("_URL_
We will build models testing whether diabetes prevalence in counties is related to the following factors:
 - Smoking
 - Food environment index
 - Physical inactivity
 - Access to exercise opportunities
 - Excessive drinking prevalence
We begin by building a model with these fixed effects and their two-way interactions, using county and state as random effects. We can think of this model as the "global" model.
mod <- lme(
 diabetesprevalence ~
 smoking +
 foodenvironment +
 physicalinactivity +
 accesstoexercise +
 excessivedrinking +
 smoking:foodenvironment +
 smoking:physicalinactivity +
 smoking:accesstoexercise +
 smoking:excessivedrinking +
 foodenvironment:physicalinactivity +
 foodenvironment:accesstoexercise +
 foodenvironment:excessivedrinking +
 physicalinactivity:accesstoexercise +
 physicalinactivity:excessivedrinking +
 accesstoexercise:excessivedrinking,
 random = ~ 1 | state/county, data = dat, method = "ML"
 )
From the global model, we will use the dredge function to test every model with all possible combinations of the fixed effects.
moddredge <- dredge(mod, extra = c("R^2", F = function(x)summary(x)$fstatistic[[1]]))
Model averaging
We can create a plot showing model variable how often variables appear in the top candidate models to get a sense of what factors are important. Then create a model average from the models with the lowest AIC. Typically, models are not thought to be different if they are within two AIC units, so the model.avg function creates an average model from all models within that range.
mods2 <- moddredge[which(moddredge$AICc <= min(moddredge$AICc) + 2), ]
plot(mods2, labAsExpr = TRUE)
Occurrence of model variables across all models within two AIC units
modav <- model.avg(moddredge, subset = delta < 2)
summary(modav)
##
## Call:
## model.avg(object = moddredge, subset = delta < 2)
##
## Component model call:
## lme.formula(fixed = diabetesprevalence ~ <25 unique rhs>, data =
## dat, random = ~1 | state/county, method = ML)
##
## Component models:
## df logLik AICc delta weight
## 1/2/3/4/5/8/12/13/14 13 -785.61 1597.99 0.00 0.08
## 1/2/3/4/5/8/12/14 12 -786.71 1598.10 0.10 0.07
## 1/2/3/4/5/8/11/14 12 -787.04 1598.75 0.75 0.05
## 1/2/3/4/5/6/8/12/14 13 -786.05 1598.88 0.89 0.05
## 1/2/3/4/5/8/12/13/14/15 14 -785.00 1598.90 0.90 0.05
## 1/2/3/4/5/6/8/12/13/14 14 -785.06 1599.03 1.04 0.05
## 1/2/3/4/5/6/8/9/12/13/14 15 -784.04 1599.12 1.12 0.04
## 1/2/3/4/5/8/9/12/13/14 14 -785.12 1599.14 1.14 0.04
## 1/2/3/4/5/8/10/11/14 13 -786.27 1599.31 1.32 0.04
## 1/2/3/4/5/8/11/13/14 13 -786.28 1599.34 1.34 0.04
## 1/2/3/4/5/6/8/10/14 13 -786.32 1599.42 1.43 0.04
## 1/2/3/4/5/6/8/9/10/13/14 15 -784.20 1599.44 1.45 0.04
## 1/2/3/4/5/6/8/11/14 13 -786.33 1599.45 1.46 0.04
## 1/2/3/4/5/8/11/12/14 13 -786.37 1599.52 1.53 0.04
## 1/2/3/4/5/6/8/10/13/14 14 -785.38 1599.66 1.67 0.03
## 1/2/3/4/5/8/10/12/14 13 -786.46 1599.70 1.70 0.03
## 1/2/3/4/5/6/8/9/13/14 14 -785.43 1599.77 1.78 0.03
## 1/2/3/4/5/6/8/9/12/14 14 -785.44 1599.78 1.78 0.03
## 1/2/3/4/5/8/9/12/14 13 -786.51 1599.81 1.81 0.03
## 1/2/3/4/5/6/8/13/14 13 -786.51 1599.81 1.81 0.03
## 1/2/3/4/5/8/10/12/13/14 14 -785.47 1599.85 1.85 0.03
## 1/2/3/4/5/6/8/10/11/14 14 -785.48 1599.86 1.87 0.03
## 1/2/3/4/5/7/8/12/13/14 14 -785.49 1599.89 1.90 0.03
## 1/2/3/4/5/8/11/12/13/14 14 -785.53 1599.96 1.96 0.03
## 1/2/3/4/5/8/10/13/14 13 -786.59 1599.96 1.97 0.03
##
## Term codes:
## accesstoexercise excessivedrinking
## 1 2
## foodenvironment physicalinactivity
## 3 4
## smoking accesstoexercise:excessivedrinking
## 5 6
## accesstoexercise:foodenvironment accesstoexercise:physicalinactivity
## 7 8
## accesstoexercise:smoking excessivedrinking:foodenvironment
## 9 10
## excessivedrinking:physicalinactivity excessivedrinking:smoking
## 11 12
## foodenvironment:physicalinactivity foodenvironment:smoking
## 13 14
## physicalinactivity:smoking
## 15
##
## Model-averaged coefficients:
## (full average)
## Estimate Std. Error Adjusted SE
## (Intercept) 2.676e+01 7.456e+00 7.465e+00
## accesstoexercise -9.752e-02 3.605e-02 3.610e-02
## excessivedrinking -2.371e-01


text:
This is a job market seminar organized for selected candidates from the European Job Market.
Despite massive migration flows in the past century, their long-term consequences for the communities of origin remain largely unexplored. This paper examines the impact of mass emigration on human capital accumulation over a century. The context is the Galician diaspora, one of the greatest emigration episodes of the twentieth century in Europe. I combine newly digitized data from multiple historical sources with contemporary administrative and survey data to build a unique database of all Galician municipalities from 1860 until today. I use data on absent men as a novel proxy for emigration that I instrument with two sources of plausibly exogenous variation: pioneer emigration caused by extreme rainfall and the economic cycle at migrants' destinations. I find that while emigration depressed literacy rates at origin in the short run, one decade later the impact became positive and led to persistent gains in human capital. I provide empirical evidence that these long-run effects are partly due to migrants' investments at origin and a cultural change. Migrants financed the construction of hundreds of schools in their hometowns that subsequently raised educational attainment. Similarly, emigrants realized that education was of major importance and transmitted these norms back home leading to a persistent change in beliefs about the value of education and effort.


text:
2 April 2024
Explicitly derives replica geometry for Abelian gauge theories
Gauge fields on conical singularity contribute to more plaquettes
Simulates entropic c-function of 3D Ising model
Matches predictions from holography on its behavior
Duality of entanglement in gauge theories
This paper studies entanglement in lattice gauge theories using duality transformations to equivalent spin models. First, the replica trick geometry is derived for Abelian gauge theories, finding that fields on the conical singularity have more neighbors and contribute to more plaquettes. Then the entropic c-function of the 3D Ising model is simulated, which is equivalent to the 3D Z2 gauge theory. The results match predictions that the c-function transitions from conformal scaling to an exponential decay controlled by the mass gap.
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source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
Local author receives $3,750 grant from Sask. Arts Board for Hutterite book
Local writer Mary-Ann Kirkby has embarked on an ambitious endeavor as she attempts to produce an authoritative chronicle of the Hutterite people.
She recently returned from a three-week trip to Switzerland, Germany, Italy and Austria to research the history of the 500-year-old protestant sect, which originated in Tyrol, a province in the Austrian Alps. She said it was "exhilarating and exhausting" and she hopes to go back.
"I still have some travelling to do. There are probably five more countries I need to visit," she said.
"We spent 100 years in Moravia, Slovakia, Hungary and 100 years as well in the Russian Ukraine."
After facing persecution in Europe for hundreds of years, Hutterites began immigrating to the North American Great Plains in the late 19th century. Kirkby said there are 70 Hutterite communities, or "colonies," in Saskatchewan.
She admits the upcoming book, with the working title The Hutterite Story, is a "hugely expansive project" and said it may take up to three years to complete. But she isn't alone.
This week The Saskatchewan Arts Board announced that it awarded Kirkby a $3,750 Independent Artists grant "to begin the first stage of historical research that follows the persecution of Hutterites through eight countries for the purpose of writing a 'roots-style' book." It's the first time Kirkby has turned to the Arts Board for support.
"It's a story that needs to be told and for them to say, 'Yes, we agree' felt really special," she said.
"I wouldn't have gone and I wouldn't have started this project without the funding, plain and simple. This story wouldn't have wings without the Saskatchewan Arts Board."
For more on this story, please read the Prince Albert Daily Herald¹s subscription-based print or e-editions.


text:
In this article, we will describe how to migrate data from one CityCloud region to another. In particular, we will use Karlskrona (Kna1) as SOURCE region and Frankfurt (Fra1) as TARGET region.
- Openstack-client installed and CLI access to both SOURCE and TARGET regions through the openstack.rc file - How-To
In case you want to use S3 backend, EC2 credentials with both access_ and secret_ key - How-To
- A storage container and its objects available in SOURCE region - How-To
1. Create S3 and/or Swift rclone configuration file (rclone.conf) for both regions:
An alternative way to use your Swift or S3 config without exposing your credentials in rclone.conf is by using
env_auth=true and then source your OS_* and AWS_* environment variables as needed.
2. View all objects in the container, e.g. test, in the SOURCE region.
3. Create a container, e.g. copy_from_kna1, in the TARGET region.
4. Use either S3 or Swift backend configuration to copy your files from the SOURCE to the TARGET region:
5. Check that all objects are copied to the new container in the TARGET region:


ImageGetIPTCMetadata
Description
Retrieves the International Press Telecommunications Council (IPTC )headers in a ColdFusion image as a structure. The IPTC metadata contains text that describes the image that is stored with it. IPTC metadata includes, but is not limited to, caption, keywords, credit, copyright, object name, created date, byline, headline, and source.
Returns
A structure containing IPTC header values.
Category
Image functions
Function syntax
ImageGetIPTCMetadata(name)
See also
cfimageImageGetBlobImageGetBufferedImageImageGetEXIFMetadataImageGetEXIFTagImageGetHeight,ImageGetWidthImageGetIPTCTagImageInfoIsImageIsImageFile
History
ColdFusion 8: Added this function.
Parameters
Parameter
Description
name
Required. The ColdFusion image on which this operation is performed.
Usage
The IPTC metadata contains text that describes the image that is stored with it. IPTC metadata includes, but is not limited to, caption, keywords, credit, copyright, object name, created date, byline, headline, and source.The result of the ImageGetIPTCMetadata function is cached in the ColdFusion image to optimize performance.The ImageGetIPTCMetada function applies only to JPEG images. If you try to retrieve metadata for Base64, BLOB, or other types of images, ColdFusion generates errors.
Example
<!--- This example shows how to retrieve the IPTC header information for a
JPEG file. --->
<!--- Create a ColdFusion image from a JPEG file. --->
<cfimage source="images\aiden01.jpg" name="myImage">
<!--- Retrieve the IPTC header information saved with the image, such as
copyright, caption, and headline. --->
<cfset data = ImageGetIPTCMetadata(myImage)>
<!--- Display the parameter values for the ColdFusion image. --->
<cfdump var="#myImage#">
<!--- Display the IPTC header information. --->
<cfdump var=#data#>
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In a recent survey by United Educators, it is clear that more colleges and universities than ever are implementing ERM as a way to prepare for and respond to risks and opportunities. Preparation for one of the most significant risks to these institutions, unfortunately, is not as prominent. Reputational risk is emerging as a top risk for colleges and universities due to its increasing likelihood, quickness to spread, and the high impact such a risk can have on an institution. This article assesses ERM practices at colleges and universities, describes reputational risk factors, and provides the best practices for identifying, prioritizing, and mitigating reputational risks.
ERM in Higher Education
Higher education institutions have historically been slow to adopt ERM policies and practices. However, over the past few years this has changed with 70% of institutions reporting a formal ERM process and structure in place in 2017. Board integration in the ERM process is also reportedly increasing as 69% of surveyed institutions in 2017 say that they are discussing institutional risk to the full board. Though this increase is promising, much of the responsibility of discussing risk is still falling on the audit committee with only 14% of institutions having board risk committees.
When addressing who is responsible for leading ERM within these institutions, the responses vary. Approximately 40% of respondents believe the responsibility falls on the CFO or the Chief Administrative officer and another 19% believe the responsibility falls on one of these two and is shared with another senior leader. Assigning responsibility for ERM and reputational risk is task that should be taken with great consideration as university leadership is highly scrutinized and individuals in these roles often are connected to the root causes of reputational risk events.
Reputational Risk in Higher Education
The top four reputational risks in the past three years are identified, and described by their risk factors, in descending order.
 1. Campus Climate
 1. Diversity and inclusion of student body
 2. Diversity and inclusion of senior management
 3. Controversial speakers
 2. Sexual Assault/Title IX
 1. Prevention and response to student-on-student sexual assault
 2. Title IX compliance
 3. Academic Programs
 1. Quality and integrity of academic programs
 2. Quality of students and faculty
 3. Faculty conduct
 4. Integrity of researchers and federal grant administrations
 4. Student Behavior
 1. Greek organizations
 2. Campus safety
 3. Student mental health
 4. Inclusion of international students
Going forward, the top three reputational risks of the future were identified as:
 1. Business Model
 2. Sexual Assault/Title IX
 3. Campus Climate
Interestingly, the top reputational risk that institutions believe they face in the future is sustaining the business model of universities and colleges. High tuition, large tuition discounts, and diminishing state support are all factors that test the viability of the current business model.
Managing Reputational Risks in Higher Education
When managing reputational risks, it is essential to take guidance from the ERM framework, especially the governance and culture aspects. To successfully manage their reputational risks, higher education institutions must build their governance and culture to set the tone at the top, engage leaders in risk management, enforce accountability, and demonstrate desired behaviors surrounding reputational risk. Identifying, assessing, and managing reputational risks can help ensure that when reputational risk events occur, the impact is less devastating.
Institutions can take steps to promote the identification of reputational risks by allocating resources and developing capabilities relating to the specific management of these risks. The connection between managing reputational risk and high performing institutions is a key indicator that spending energy and resources on reputational risks is more than worth the costs. High performing institutions are more likely to have a formal ERM process and structure, to proactively manage reputational risk, to know when a reputational risk event has occurred, and have a better understanding of reputational risk outcomes. However, despite this preparedness, only 57% of high performing institutions believe that they can withstand a major reputational risk event.
Best Practices for Managing Reputational Risks
There are seven key practices to best manage reputational risks.
 1. Understand the institution's current reputation through social media mentions and rankings in guidebooks.
 2. Assess the culture of the institution and make clear the mission and values of the institution.
 3. Assigned ownership of the institution's reputational risks and create specific line of communication between leaders.
 4. Consider the institution's programs, people, or areas that are highly esteemed and perceived to be above the rules.
 5. Obtain a collection of all risks and understand how non-reputational risks may affect reputational risks.
 6. Communicate the risk portfolio and mitigation plans with the Board on a regular basis, conveying the resilience of the institution should a risk event occur.
 7. Create and maintain a risk monitoring system to proactively identify potential risk events.
While colleges and universities are making progress in terms of establishing ERM policies and practices, there is still a gap in the preparedness of institutions and the probability of reputational risk events occurring. Even more concerning is the devastating impact that reputational risk events have on institutions. To improve their preparedness for such events, and promote long-term success, institutions should move toward governance, culture, and practices that help identify, prioritize, and manage reputational risks.
Link: United Educators "ERM and Reputational Risk: More Talk Than Action?"
Read ERM articles as soon as we post them
Keep up-to-date with current developments in ERM. Subscribe to the ERM Newsletter.
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ERM Enterprise Risk Management Initiative 2019-02-21


text:
A Swimming Snail
Sea butterflies (also called pteropods) are sea snails aptly named: they are shelled marine snails, each with a foot like a wing, that swim in the water column like butterflies. This one, Atlanta peronii, is very small: the biggest specimen on record was less than half an inch (11 millimeters) long! They are completely transparent, so you can see all their organs, and have shiny black eyes.
This A. peronii was observed in the Sargasso Sea by the Census of Marine Zooplankton.
See more photos of cool zooplankton collected by the researchers in this zooplankton biodiversity slideshow.


Question from anti-star
How do I get the tablet's password for GAULEM bay?
I have put in almost every combination and it fails. What am I doing wrong?
Top Voted Answer
Zarwid_Thwic answered:
I won't tell you what the exact password is, but you have to match the location of the robots eyes when they glow red to the "poster with an eye on it". You should get your answer from that.
2 0
cloakedboltz answered:
Consider your point of view and the map of the room.
0 0
Prince_Pyro answered:
There are two separate passwords. Activate the robots by using the yellow console, and then pay attention to which of the robot eyes are lit up. Match the letters on the [FILE: POSTER WITH AN EYE ON IT] that correspond to the robot eyes that are glowing, then do the same for the letters that correspond to the eyes that are NOT glowing. The top row of letters refers to the robots on the top side of the room (according to [FILE: ROUGH SKETCH OF THE ROOM]) and the bottom row of letters correspond to the robots on the other side of the room. It will help if you try and consider the robots as seen from the center of the room.
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text:
Have a look at the calendar text here to see what's coming up.
Falmouth University's School of Film and Television partner with ICA to bring Crossings: Stories of Migration. The Nine Muses is a retelling of the history of mass migration to post-war Britain through the suggestive lens of the Homeric epic.More information Check times : Book
An enthralling and beautifully mannered labour-of-love of a film from writer/director Stanley Tucci. Geoffrey Rush plays artist Alberto Giacometti and Armie Hammer plays James Lord, his young American biographer who endured endless sittings in hope of a portrait.More information Check times : Book


text:
KDL Recommends For Kids > PLAY-GROW-READ! - Books for Early Literacy > Katie L. Talks: Books that Invite Participation
Shout! Shout It Out!
Title: Shout! Shout It Out!
Author: Denise Fleming
CONCEPT E FLEMING
Mouse invites the reader to shout out what he or she knows as they review numbers, letters, and easy words.
Kids are often told to sit still and be quiet. But Denise Fleming encourages them to shout, shout it out! By taking basic learning concepts like numbers, letters, and colors and putting them on display, she asks kids to shout out what they know—and her readers will be happy to oblige.
With bold colors and her unique handmade paper art, Denise Fleming makes learning into a game. Long-time fans and sharp-eyed newcomers will be happy to see that Mouse returns on every page, shouting along with the crowd!

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
- Town Departments
- Find information about animal adoptions, rabies vaccinations and more.
- Animal Control
- Find information about building inspections, commercial and residential codes and more.
- Building Inspections
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- Visit the Sunnyvale Economic Development website.
- Economic Development
- Find information about the Town's annual budget and other financial information.
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- Find current employment opportunities and information about working for the Town of Sunnyvale.
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- Find information about the Sunnyvale's public library.
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- Find information on establishing water service, utility billing, payments and more.
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- Find official Town documents, such as Council agendas and minutes, elections, and taxes.
- Town Secretary


king yau king yau - 7 months ago 20
C# Question
Why my BMP image is bigger than the original after reducing its width and height?
In my project, i have to resize the image and then save it to a folder. However, i got a problem which some image will be bigger than the orginal's file size.
resize method:
public Image reduce(Image sourceImage, string size)
double percent = Convert.ToDouble(size) / 100;
int width = (int)(sourceImage.Width * percent);
int height = (int)(sourceImage.Height *percent );
var resized = new Bitmap(original, width, height);
return resized;
//the code to get the image is omitted (in my testing, bmp format is fixed, however, other image formats are required)
//to test the size of original image
oImage.Save(Path.Combine(oImagepath), System.Drawing.Imaging.ImageFormat.Bmp);
Image nImage = resizeClass.reduce(oImage,"95");
nImage.Save(Path.Combine(nImagepath), System.Drawing.Imaging.ImageFormat.Bmp);
 - The first saving of the image: 1920*1080, fileSize: 6076KB
 - The second saving of the image: 1824*1026, fileSize: 7311KB <= it should be less than 6076KB
The Bit depth of original image is 24 which resized is 32. Is the problem here?
Based on your provided Code, i've made an ExtensionMethod you might want to use:
public static class ImageExtensions {
 public static System.Drawing.Image Reduce(this System.Drawing.Image sourceImage, double size) {
 var percent = size / 100;
 var width = (int)(sourceImage.Width * percent);
 var height = (int)(sourceImage.Height * percent);
 Bitmap targetBmp;
 using (var newBmp = new Bitmap(sourceImage, width, height))
 targetBmp = newBmp.Clone(new Rectangle(0, 0, width, height), sourceImage.PixelFormat);
 return targetBmp;
 var nImage = new Bitmap(@"PathToImage").Reduce(50); //Percentage here
 nImage.Save(@"PathToNewImage", ImageFormat.Jpeg); //Change Compression as you need
Please note, that this is now automaticly determinating, where the new Image has its x = 0 and y = 0. Also i've replaced the string-percentage with a double one.
As others in the comments mentioned, you have to use the same or even lower PixelFormat as the SourceImage. Also, setting the right/best image-extension on the Save-Method reduces the FileSize
Hope this helps


text:
I am writing a report that allows my employer to rank employees by productivity and fault rate. Employee ranks are based on productivity (value of 25%), supervisor input(value of 25%) and fault rate(50%). Catching a fault awards you a single point, causing a minor fault takes a point away, causing a major fault takes three points away. Using this number and the amount of hours tracked I want to get a "faults per hour" that is a positive number and use this to sum with the rest of the score in order to get a value with around 100 being the max that I can use to rank employees.
How do I properly calculate the fault rate per hour? The method I am considering is adding the score to a hundred and then weighting it according to time spent at the station, the issue that I'm having is I compare the final score to the average score at the station, how can I keep the average score of that station reasonable for comparison if I'm adding the results to 100?
So I guess I'm doing this
(x-3y - z + 100 / a) * b [x] is the amount of faults they have caught. [y] is the amount of major faults they have created. [z] is the number of minor faults they have created. 100 is to get a positive number. [a] is number hours spent at station. [b] is the number hours spent on this station compared to total time
I'm dividing it by [a] because I need an hourly rate.
Since the period that I'm using as the baseline is 6 weeks and the period that I'm using to compare it is 6 weeks maybe I could just sum it all together and add the number to (100* 4) because it's 4 times the period size? These numbers don't have to be absolutely perfect because they will never be equal. Just looking to compare a 6week sample of a person's performance to a 6month sample of the entire average.


How Kids From the Favelas of Rio Chase Their Dream of Being Soccer Stars
Soccer is ingrained in pretty much every aspect of Brazilian culture. Kids start playing "futebol" before they even learn how to read or write. The result of that cultural phenomenon is a huge number of professional players who eventually end up participating in World Cups and making millions on the side. Fusion Live's Pedro Andrade took a trip to his hometown of Rio de Janeiro to explore how children from the slums can turn the dream of becoming a star into a reality.
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text:
- The tool control unit extension module is used to integrate nutrunners and improve process reliability.
- ▶ Product identification ensures that the correct variant work plan (with the correct process data) starts
▶ The accumulated process data is stored in the production data base
▶ The following technologies can be used for product identification:
‒ Teaching in RFID tags (available on request)
‒ Scanning in of bar or data matrix codes using a bar code scanner


text:
Audio switchboard is drop-in (compile-time) replacement for the Conference Bridge. The main benefits of using the switchboard are its ability to handle encoded audio frames, its low latency, and higher performance. Its main drawback is it doesn't do conferencing.
The main features of the switchboard are:
it has the same API as the conference bridge, except that one port can only receive from once source port
pjmedia_conf_connect_port()will disconnect previous source if it is called again for the same sink port while that sink port is currently listening to a source port
It supports encoded audio frames
For example when the audio frames from/to the audio device are already in encoded form.
One source may transmit to more than one destinations.
This is useful for example to implement call recording feature in the application.
Supports routing audio from ports with different ptime settings.
Optimized for low latency
It has zero latency unless the ptimes are different between ports.
Lightweight, both in footprint and performance.
Some conference bridge features are not available:
audio mixing feature (i.e. no conferencing feature),
audio level adjustment and query are not available when the port is using non-PCM format,


text:
The Georgian parliament has passed a package of laws regulating the local financial markets and amendments to the capital market legislation, following close cooperation with the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD). The EBRD welcomed the decision as an important new chapter, in terms of developing the Georgian capital market.
The new law came as a result of the EBRD's technical assistance, which was provided to the National Bank of Georgia for the drafting of the package and capacity-building. Experts, funded by the EBRD-managed Shareholder Special Fund, worked with the National Bank of Georgia and local market participants on the legal reform. This project was also coordinated with, and supported by, the International Swaps and Derivatives Association (ISDA).
The new law provides for the enforceability of derivatives transactions, including netting, close-out netting and financial collateral, amends a number of laws and reinforces the key related concepts, such as settlement finality. The new law puts Georgia on the derivatives' and netting map, allowing companies to safely and efficiently hedge their risk and exposure, including foreign exchange and interest rate, contributing to the development of a local currency financial market.
Catarina Bjorlin Hansen, Regional Director for the Caucasus, said: "The adoption of these laws marks a milestone in Georgia's reform efforts and confirms the country's continued commitment to the development of its capital markets. It will improve the investment climate, and we are grateful to the National Bank for our fruitful cooperation and we look forward to working on many more exciting initiatives."
Koba Gvenetadze, Governor of the National Bank of Georgia, added: "The purpose of the new law is to create the appropriate legal framework for the development of the derivatives market. Georgia has been very successful in advancing its money and capital markets, supported by government reforms and the international donor community. The time has come for creating better hedging and risk management capabilities, through the use of derivatives, where a legal foundation is essential. Derivatives will significantly improve the management of the risks arising from fluctuation in interest or exchange rates. The reform will also provide a green light for a cross-border derivatives transaction, which will attract additional financial resources to the country. We are grateful to the EBRD and ISDA for their continued support in the process."
The EBRD has worked closely with the National Bank of Georgia to improve the functioning of financial markets in the country, strengthen the local capital market and increase local currency lending. The new law will contribute to the creation of a prospering derivatives market in Georgia. The EBRD, under its Local Currency and Capital Markets initiative, is working on similar projects in Azerbaijan, Belarus, Egypt, Latvia, Morocco and Ukraine.
The EBRD is a leading institutional investor in Georgia. Since the start of its operations in the country, the Bank has invested over €3.6 billion in 249 projects in the financial, corporate, infrastructure and energy sectors, with 89 per cent of these investments in the private sector.
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The CEO of m2 Group is changed - Shota Berekashvili replaces Irakli Burdiladze
The 30 Top Emerging Travel Destinations for 2020
"We hold rather comfortable shares on the market " – Does TBC Bank want to Buy Cartu?
Interview with Ahmed Bin Sulayem - Executive Chairman and CEO of DMCC


text:
Aging Characteristics of Bitumen from Different Bituminous Pavement Structures in Service
AbstractThe aging of bitumen seriously affects the service life of bituminous pavements. At present, there are many related researches on bitumen aging, but most of them focus on aging endured in indoor surroundings and conditions. Therefore, the conclusions obtained cannot reflect the actual aging changes of bitumen in bituminous pavements in service. In order to study the comprehensive aging process and mechanism of bitumen under the influence of service, we studied bridge deck, traffic lane, and ramp with bituminous pavement structures in service. The bitumen samples obtained from the core samples in different bituminous pavement structures were characterized by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), dynamic shear rheometer (DSR), and fluorescence microscope (FM). The aging degree of different bitumen was analyzed, and conclusions were drawn on changes to bitumen aging from different pavement structures. The results showed that the aging degree of bitumen from the upper layer was the most serious, the aging degree of bitumen at the middle layer was weaker than that of bitumen from the upper layer, and the aging degree of bitumen from the bottom layer was the weakest for the different bituminous pavement structures. The aging of bitumen mainly occurred due to oxygen absorption. After aging, viscoelastic components of bitumen changed, and bitumen became harder. The macromolecule of bitumen could be divided into small molecules, and the small molecular weight of bitumen became large. The styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) modifier in the modified bitumen became granular after aging, and it appeared as a single phase in bitumen. The aging changes characterized by different analytical methods showed that the aging degree of bitumen from different layers of bituminous pavement structures in service was different. Effective measures should therefore be taken in time to decrease further aging of bitumen from the upper layer of bituminous pavements due to its inevitable early aging in service. View Full-Text
Share & Cite This Article
Wang, X.; Guo, H.; Yang, B.; Chang, X.; Wan, C.; Wang, Z. Aging Characteristics of Bitumen from Different Bituminous Pavement Structures in Service. Materials 2019, 12, 530.
Wang X, Guo H, Yang B, Chang X, Wan C, Wang Z. Aging Characteristics of Bitumen from Different Bituminous Pavement Structures in Service. Materials. 2019; 12(3):_URL_ Style
Wang, Xiaofeng; Guo, Haoyan; Yang, Bo; Chang, Xingwen; Wan, Chenguang; Wang, Zhenjun. 2019. "Aging Characteristics of Bitumen from Different Bituminous Pavement Structures in Service." Materials 12, no. 3: 530.
Note that from the first issue of 2016, MDPI journals use article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.


text:
The paper describes an active module for phase control in Active Electronically Scanned Array (AESA) realized in 0.35 Î¼m SiGe BiCMOS technology provided by the AustriaMicroSystem. The system is composed by a digital Phase Control Block (PCB) which generates the three channel square waves with a minimum phase shift of 0.3515Â° and an output frequency of 1.953MHz, and the PLLs with external VCOs. The system clock is equal to 2GHz. As expected from the simulations, the maximum phase error is less than 0.1Â° and the rms phase error is less than 0.06Â°. The complete system has been tested at 2.45 GHz and 3.8 GHz with almost the same maximum phase error and rms from the theory confirming the validity of the architecture.
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Seychelles Paradise-flycatcher (Terpsiphone corvina) - Wiki
Seychelles Paradise Flycatcher
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Seychelles Paradise-flycatcher (Terpsiphone corvina) is a rare bird from the genus of paradise-flycatchers (Terpsiphone) within the subfamily Monarchinae. It is endemic to the Seychelles.
The length of the males is about 20 cm. In addition there are two long black central tail feathers which can reach a length of 30 cm. The females can reach a length between 16 and 18 cm (including the tail). The males are entirely glossy black with a deep blue sheen. The upperparts of the females including wings and tail are reddish brown. The underparts are pale cream white. Facial skin, bill, and legs are blue.
It lives in the Veuve Nature Reserve on La Digue, Seychelles where it inhabits dense Calophyllum forests.
It preys on insects in flight or from a perch. It is also feed on larvaes and spiders. The oval bowl-shaped nest is build on branches and consists of twigs, palm fibre, and spider webs.
|The text in this page is based on the copyrighted Wikipedia article shown in above URL. It is used under the GNU Free Documentation License. You may redistribute it, verbatim or modified, providing that you comply with the terms of the GFDL.|


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In quantum gravity, ADM wavefunctional solutions have to satisfy the Wheeler-DeWitt equation. This leads to timelessness. What happens if we have a time periodic solution? In classical general relativity, a time periodic solution just means that and no more. But when combined with a timeless wavefunctional, if the same configuration occurs twice or more often, the coefficient of the configuration component in the wavefunctional has to be exactly the same both times around, both in magnitude and in phase. That is because we have no disambiguating clock external to the timeless wavefunctional, which is not multivalued. But this is exactly the description of a closed timelike curve.
Assume space is compact so we do not have to worry about asymptotic infinity.
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1 Answer 1
If there is a time periodic solution of $\hat{\mathcal{H}}\Psi=0$, then obviously there are only a finite number of solutions throughout the whole of time. A closed timelike curve is a closed worldline, i.e., the particle whose worldline is a CTC must have a repeated 4-position. If the position $\overrightarrow{x}$ has a linear dependence on time, then your argument is true and a CTC is created. If no such linear dependence exists, then the particle may end up with the same time coordinate, but not the position - and this is not a CTC.
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text: What's the shortest distance between two points? This multi-page worksheet will help your child with her pencil-control skills by having her draw a straight line between two points. To complete this exercise your child will need to use her fine-motor skills to trace a line between two animals. In the first two activities she will practice her skills at drawing vertical lines. The second two activities she will practice her skills at drawing horizontal lines. This activity will help prepare your child for writing letters.


text: It has been known for some years that manipulation or transplant of ovaries can influence longevity in mammals, a fact that might be compared with the mechanisms linking germ cells to nematode longevity. Here is a recent demonstration: "Previously we reported that prepubertally ovariectomized mice that received young transplanted ovaries at a postreproductive age showed a 40% increase in life expectancy. To study this phenomenon in greater detail, 11-month-old ovariectomized and ovary-intact CBA/J mice underwent ovarian transplantation with 60-day-old ovaries or a sham surgery. Results from observations on transplant recipients in the current study extended our previous results. Whereas intact control mice lived an average of 726 days, transplant recipients lived an average of 770 days (i.e., 780 days for intact recipients and 757 days for ovariectomized recipients). If intact recipients had ceased reproductive cycling by the time of transplant, we observed a further increase in mean life span to 811 days. These results demonstrate that young ovaries enhanced longevity when transplanted to old mice and that ovarian status, examined by means of ovariectomy and ovarian transplantation, clearly influenced the potential of young transplanted ovaries to positively impact longevity." We still await an understanding of the biochemical mechanisms involved in this method of life extension.


text: The project consisted of replacing and relocating 350 feet of a 10-inch water main that was damaged by a land slide on Clark Creek Road in Cowlitz County. The replacement water main used approximately 280 linear feet of existing pipe, which was unaffected by the landslide. The eastern portion was re-routed approximately 50 feet to the south of the existing water line to avoid the unstable landslide area. Construction also included diverting Clark Creek, a fish-bearing stream, while the new pipe is being trenched across the creek. Project tasks included completing a wetland determination and Level 2 habitat assessment, preparing a JARPA, coordinating with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, the County, the City, and the landowner and negotiating mitigation ratios with the Department of Fish and Wildlife.


Created: 21. december 2014
Version: 1.1
iTunes Store: MySpending
A simple effort or spending calculator which allows you to precalculate the costs. It can be used to calculate the size of a backup plan or to overview our livelihood.
The app allows you to categorize your spendings. The categories can be exported and imported. The costs can be copied to another category per drag and drop.
 1. Overview of the selected category. All the entries in the category will be sum up. Each entry will be multiplicated with the corresponding interval. An entry which has a daily interval will be multiplicated with 360 for the yearly display. The interval monthly will be multiplicated with 30 and the interval weekly with 56
 2. Listing of all categories. All entries must be assigned to a category. This means that there must exist at least one category
 3. Listing of all entries of the selected category. You can set up the interval for each entry. Either never, daily, weekly, monthly or yearly
 4. With those buttons you can add or remove a category
 5. The selected category can be exported to a file. The category can be imported even between different systems. You can use the buttons to create a backup or to share the data
 6. Those buttons can be used to add or delete an entry from a category
Site overview


text:
Calvin Klein Escape for Men is an eau de toilette that reflects the longing of the younger generation: the longing for contemplation, for consistency and emotionality. Characterized by the scent of fresh green birch leaves at all levels. The top note is joined by fruity and green notes that convey freshness and naturalness. In the heart note, spicy aromas and fresh herbs develop, which are finally absorbed by vetiver, sandalwood and oakmoss in the base warm and sensual.
- Top notes: birch leaves, grapefruit, eucalyptus.
- Heart notes: sage, cypress, rosemary
- Base notes: patchouli, vetiver, sandalwood
The ingredients listed correspond to the current state of production. New scientific findings are regularly incorporated into the recipes.


Easysoft Data Access
How can I avoid setting shell environment variables required by a driver?
Article:
00809
Last Reviewed:
3rd January 2024
Revision:
2
Some drivers require environment variables setting before you can successfully connect (e.g. DB2 and DB2INSTANCE, Oracle and ORACLE_HOME). If you are using the unixODBC Driver Manager you can set environment variables per DSN in the odbc.ini file using the following syntax:
DMEnvAttr = SQL_ATTR_UNIXODBC_ENVATTR={ENVVAR=value}
e.g.
DMEnvAttr = SQL_ATTR_UNIXODBC_ENVATTR={DB2INSTANCE=db2inst2}
The unixODBC driver manager will then set the environment variable before connecting to the driver. Note, this only works this way when using DSN based connections.
Applies To
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The Australian Society for Antimicrobials (ASA) was formed in March 1999 to facilitate the acquisition and dissemination of knowledge in the field of antimicrobials. Society membership covers a diverse background of professions interested in the study of antimicrobials including clinical microbiologists and infectious diseases physicians, respiratory and ICU physicians, medical and non-medical microbiologists and scientists, pharmacists, veterinarians, undergraduate and postgraduate students, and industry representatives from pharmaceutical and diagnostic/research biomedical companies.
The Society conducts national annual scientific meetings and has hosted the Asian Pacific Conference on Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases and the International Symposium on Staphylococci and Staphylococcal Infection. It actively supports research into antimicrobials and antimicrobial resistance.
ASA National EUCAST AST Committee
Established in mid-2011 to provide expert advice and further the cause of skill development in the area of antimicrobial susceptibility testing, the ASA National EUCAST AST Committee (previously known as the National AST Committtee) is the affiliated national committee within the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) network (_URL_
John Turnidge, The University of Adelaide, SA
Ian Abbott, The Alfred Hospital, Vic
Jan Bell, ACSQHC, SA
Sharon Chen, Westmead Hospital, NSW
Linda Chew, Royal Melbourne Hosital, Vic
Louise Cooley, Royal Hobart Hospital, Tas
Geoffrey Coombs, Murdoch University, WA
Fiona Courtney, John Hunter Hospital, NSW
Denise Daley, AGAR Scientist, WA
Shelanah Fernando, Concord Hospital, NSW
Narelle George, Pathology Queensland, QLD
Maryza Graham, Monash Health, Vic
Sarah Kidd, SA Pathology, SA
Stephen Kidd, University of Adelaide, SA
Graeme Nimmo, Pathology Queensland, QLD
Jennifer Robson, Sullivan Nicolaides Pathology, QLD
Norelle Sherry, University of Melbourne, Vic
Rick Streitberg, Monash Health, Vic


text:
Please tell us which country and city you'd like to see the weather in.
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Paola Borboni (1 January 1900 – 9 April 1995) was an Italian film actress whose career spanned nine decades of cinema. She also made a substantial contribution to theatre.
She entered film in 1916 in the silent picture Jacobo Ortis under the directorship of Giuseppe Sterni and made over 80 film appearances between then and 1990.
Appearing in several silent films before 1921 she was absent from cinema for some 14 years during which time she made numerous stage appearances, gaining notoriety in 1925 when she appeared in a show in 1925 as a mermaid exposing her breasts which she saw as natural in the role but caused considerable outrage at the time. She returned to the silver screen in 1936 in the Mario Mattoli film L' Uomo che sorride.
She went on to appear in films such as the Carlo Lizzani-directed film Ai margini della metropoli in 1952 in which she appeared alongside the main cast of Massimo Girotti, Marina Berti and Giulietta Masina. Between 1936 and 1956 her career was at its peak and her roles gradually became less numerous in the decades that followed, making a final appearance in the Giorgio Mosa film Blue dolphin - l'avventura continua in 1990.
According to most archeologists, it was situated at Marj, but according to Alexander Graham it was at Tolmeita (Ptolemais). No remains of the ancient settlement are visible at Marj, but some of the finds made there during the Italian colonial dominance of Libya (1913–41) are on display in the museum at Tolmeita.
The city's name, Arabized as Barqah, came to refer to the former state and province of Cyrenaica.


Rachmaninoff the most innovative composer ever...says computer
Sergei Rachmaninoff came top of the computer model's rankings
Sergei Rachmaninoff came top of the computer model's rankings Credit: Alamy
Rachmaninoff was officially the most innovative of all the great composers, a computer has declared.
Scientists in South Korea have built an algorithm which they claim is capable of judging objectively the extent to which 19 of the best known composers brought the art form forward.
They developed a computer model which divided each of the musicians' compositions into "codewords", which were then used to compare hundreds of pieces of music both against the composers' previous works and the wider cannon.
It found Sergei Rachmaninoff, a giant of the late Romantic period, scored the highest, followed by J.S. Bach, Brahms and Mendelssohn.
Beethoven - on most critics' shortlist of the best composer of all time - only featured in the lower half of the innovation rankings, but the scientists at the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology still acknowledged the Germa to be one of the most "influential".
"Our model allows us to calculate the degree of shared melodies and harmonies between past and future works and to observe the evolution of western musical styles by demonstrating how prominent composers may have influenced each other," said Juyong Park, who worked on the study.
The exercise has been criticised by a leading Cambridge University musicologist as "trite" and incapable of quantifying and comparing musical quality.
Dr David Trippett an expert on 19th Century music, said: "Originality and creativity are inherently resistant to quantification.
"I wouldn't want to discourage scientists.
"The potential is that one day we might put all musical parameters into a magic pot and use the power of artificial intelligence to cook them up, but we're no way near that yet.
"These are baby steps."
A brilliant performer on the piano, Sergei Rachmaninov is best known for his piano compositions.
He was born in Russian in 1873, emigrating to the United States following the Russian revolution.


Closed Bug 591118 Opened 11 years ago Closed 11 years ago
Generate Sync Key
Categories
(Firefox :: Sync, defect)
defect
Not set
normal
Tracking
()
VERIFIED FIXED
People
(Reporter: philikon, Assigned: philikon)
References
Details
(Whiteboard: [strings])
Attachments
(3 files, 4 obsolete files)
Instead of requiring the user to enter a passphrase/Sync Key, we want to auto-generate it. a-z is mobile friendly, 20 char length gives us 94 bits.
Component: Sync → Firefox UI
QA Contact: sync → firefox
Note that hyphens need to be ignored when evaluating a sync key. In the mockup they are displayed for readability, but users may or may not decide to enter them on additional machines.
Similar interfaces provide the hyphens automatically, but we can't really do that since the user can provide their own. But either way people have been trained to not type them, so we should expect that a certain number of people won't.
Would taking the same approach with spaces mess up our entropy too much for user created sync keys? (in case they enter spaces instead of hyphens?)
A few related questions:
1. If the user opts to have their Sync Key emailed or copies it to clipboard, will it include the hyphens or not?
2. When they are setting up Sync on Android (or Firefox Home), will they have to enter the hyphen or not?
3. Can we gather aggregate information about how many users prefer to go with an auto generated Sync Key vs. creating their own?
>1. If the user opts to have their Sync Key emailed or copies it to clipboard,
>will it include the hyphens or not?
yes, they are important for readability as the user is doing re-entry
>2. When they are setting up Sync on Android (or Firefox Home), will they have
>to enter the hyphen or not?
they may or may not enter them, so we should assume that a certain percentage are not going to, and evaluate what is entered without hyphens (and potentially without spaces if possible).
This ambiguity worries me a bit: "Here's your Sync key nicely hyphenated into 4 groups. But you don't have to enter it that way. Best is you don't worry about the hyphens because they're hard to enter on mobile. In fact, we don't care about the hyphens at all and when you enter your own key, there will be no hyphens. They're not what you think they are."
I think we should either not show the hyphens at all OR make this clearer in the UI. For instance by separating the autogenerated Sync Key case from the custom passphrase case. The initial view of the setup screen would present the Sync Key, but not in an editable textbox. There's a button next to it that says "I want to provide my own". When clicked that makes the Sync Key and the Email/Print/Save buttons disappear and just shows the regular textbox that allows you to enter your own passphrase. For input we would do the same: present four textboxes a la Windows Product Key with a "I have my custom passphrase" button next to it.
Btw, are the Email/Print/Save options final? Are we dropping Copy To Clipboard?
Attached patch WIP v1 (obsolete) — Splinter Review
Work in progress.
Done:
* Generate 20 character (a-z) passphrase
* Implement Email/Print/Save backup options with preliminary text. Print and Save use an HTML page that needs to be styled (bug 591533).
Todo:
* Add hyphens, do not focus passphrase textbox, select all when focusing
* Fix up other parts of the wizard and pref UI where the passphrase can be entered/set.
Assignee: nobody → philipp
Splitting the patch into parts. Part 1 contains the common methods for generating as well as backing up the passphrase/Sync Key.
Attachment #470134 - Attachment is obsolete: true
Attachment #470665 - Flags: review?(mconnor)
This makes the wizard generate the Sync Key (also changed the terminology from passphrase/secret phrase to Sync Key everywhere). You can't continue until you either choose one of the backup methods or provide your own passphrase.
Attachment #470666 - Flags: review?(mconnor)
Attachment #470666 - Flags: feedback?(faaborg)
Fix up the Change/Update Passphrase dialog in the preference pane. The user can open this dialog manually when they want to change their passphrase. Since we now display the current passphrase/Sync Key in clear text, it's also handy to see what the Sync Key is. The three backup methods are available here as well, so this dialog can also be used to redo the backup. The user can also either enter a new passphrase or have a new Sync Key generated.
Attachment #470668 - Flags: review?(mconnor)
Attachment #470668 - Flags: feedback?(faaborg)
Blocks: 592230
Whiteboard: [strings]
Incorporate faaborg's feedback:
* Move error msg for custom passphrases into the box
* Fix up remaining error messages that still mention the "secret phrase"
Attachment #470666 - Attachment is obsolete: true
Attachment #471870 - Flags: review?(mconnor)
Attachment #470666 - Flags: review?(mconnor)
Attachment #470666 - Flags: feedback?(faaborg)
Incorporate faaborg's feedback:
* Rename the "Change Secret Phrase" button to "My Sync Key" as it now allows you to review the key and back it up again, not just change it.
Attachment #470668 - Attachment is obsolete: true
Attachment #471873 - Flags: review?(mconnor)
Attachment #470668 - Flags: review?(mconnor)
Attachment #470668 - Flags: feedback?(faaborg)
Attachment #470665 - Flags: review?(mconnor) → review+
Comment on attachment 471870 [details] [diff] [review]
Part 2 (v2): Generate the Sync Key in the setup wizard
* please just remove the "deprecated" strings. Cruft is bad.
>+<!ENTITY setup.newSyncKeyPage.description.label "To ensure your total privacy, all of your data is encrypted prior to being uploaded. The key to decrypt your data is not uploaded.">
not quite technically true, at this point. We generate insanely powerful keys to encrypt data, and wrap those keys with the key we don't update... we really don't want to get into a "well, the UI claims X, but X is a lie" state.
Attachment #471870 - Flags: review?(mconnor) → review+
Blocks: 593427
(In reply to comment #13)
> * please just remove the "deprecated" strings. Cruft is bad.
Not a good idea since that will break Fx's integrated UI on the next merge. We should remove them only once the integrated UI has caught up with this. Filed bug 593427 as a follow-up.
> >+<!ENTITY setup.newSyncKeyPage.description.label "To ensure your total privacy, all of your data is encrypted prior to being uploaded. The key to decrypt your data is not uploaded.">
>
> not quite technically true, at this point. We generate insanely powerful keys
> to encrypt data, and wrap those keys with the key we don't update... we really
> don't want to get into a "well, the UI claims X, but X is a lie" state.
Right. I think what Faaborg means is "The Sync Key which is necessary to decrypt your data is not uploaded." Would that be ok?
Right I understand how it works (so that we only have to reencrpyt the actual key, not the whole chunk of data) bit ultimately it's the sync key that is used to encpyt access to your data. Text seems acurate enough for me, but we can tweak it.
That's the historical reason that it works that way, though we no longer do key-rewrapping in the general case. We can massage the wording, but saying something that isn't true feels like lighting a fuse.
cc-ing johnath, in the hopes that he has a better suggestion.
Comment on attachment 471873 [details] [diff] [review]
Part 3 (v2): Fix up Change Passphrase dialog
>+ doGeneratePassphrase: function () {
>+ let passphrase = gWeaveCommon.generatePassphrase();
>+ let el = document.getElementById("passphraseBox");
>+ el.value = gWeaveCommon.hyphenatePassphrase(passphrase);
>+ this._dialog.getButton("accept"


text:
Choudhary K.,Agricultural Physics |
Mohanty M.,Agricultural Physics |
Sinha N.K.,Agricultural Physics |
Rawat A.,Agricultural Physics |
And 4 more authors.
Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences | Year: 2015
Soil compaction may restrict deep root growth and adversely affect plant access to sub-soil layer. Therefore it is important to study rooting behaviour of crops to soil compaction that are imparted on it naturally or artificially. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of soil compaction levels by varying the soil bulk density (BD) on rooting parameters and to model the root growth to understand the dynamics of rooting behaviour of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Compaction level treatments, i.e. BDs were (i) 1.2, (ii) 1.4, (iii) 1.5 and (iv) 1.6 Mg/m3. When BD was increased from 1.2 Mg/m3 to 1.6 Mg/m3, there was 58% and 44% reduction in plant height of JG 11 and JG 130, respectively. There was 59% and 45% reduction in root length of JG 11 and JG 130, with increase in BD from 1.2 Mg/m3 to 1.6 Mg/m3. On an average, an increase in BD by 0.1 unit resulted in 19.34 and 19.11% decrease in root main axis length of JG 11 and JG 130, respectively. There was a negative correlation between root penetration rate and soil BD (R2 = 0.88). The critical growth limiting BD for chickpea was found to be 1.89 Mg/m3 in our study. The logistic growth model was fitted well with the observed dataset obtained from study with R2 of 0.98∗∗(P < 0.01). In this study, the chickpea variety JG 130 proved to be better than JG 11 while selecting chickpea cultivars for highly compacted soils.


Readers ask: What is the state tree of vermont?
What is the state fish of Vermont?
Светлопёрый судак Американская палия Вермонт / Рыба-символ штата Vermont named two official state fish by Joint Resolution of the Vermont General Assembly in 1978 and statute in 2011: the cold-water fish, the brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) and the warm-water fish, the walleye (Sander vitreous vitreous). The state tree is the sugar maple (Acer saccharum), effective in 1949.
What is the Vermont state animal?
Does Vermont have maple trees?
Maple is the flavor of Vermont. For centuries the settlers here have harvested sap each spring from maple trees on hillsides and boiled it down to maple syrup or sugar.
Which state is the Maple state?
State federal district or territory State tree Binomial nomenclature
New Jersey Northern Red Oak Quercus rubra
New Mexico Piñon Pine Pinus edulis
New York Sugar Maple Acer saccharum
North Carolina Pine Pinus
Are there salmon in Vermont?
Landlocked Atlantic salmon can be found in several of Vermont's cold, clear and well-oxygenated lakes including Lake Dunmore, Lake Champlain and Lake Memphramagog. Other salmon fisheries include Lake Willoughby, Seymour Lake and Harriman Reservoir.
What is a fun fact about Vermont?
Are there pine trees in Vermont?
Eastern White Pine Eastern white pines are a common conifer—or evergreen tree—in Vermont. They can grow very tall, which makes a safe nesting site for birds, including bald eagles. Eastern white pines have five needles per cluster.
You might be interested: FAQ: How can i check my rental history?
What is Vermont's state nickname?
What is the most common tree in America?
What states have sugar maple trees?
The sugar maple is the state tree of the US states of New York, Vermont, West Virginia, and Wisconsin.
What are the 50 state trees?
State Trees Alabama. Southern Longleaf Pine. Sitka Spruce. Palo Verde. Pine. California Redwood. Colorado Blue Spruce. The Charter Oak. Scarlet Oak.
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text:
hold over(redirected from a hold-over)
1. verb To use knowledge of one's past behavior or misdeeds as a means of leverage or manipulation. In this usage, a noun or pronoun can be used between "hold" and "over." I was just a kid when I made that mistake! Just how long do you plan to hold it over my head?
2. verb To temporarily defer or delay something. In this usage, a noun or pronoun can be used between "hold" and "over." Hold that project over until I'm able to get some questions answered by the boss.
3. verb To extend the run of something, such as a play or film. In this usage, a noun or pronoun can be used between "hold" and "over." If every show so far has sold out, why not hold the play over a few more days?
4. verb To retain an official in office longer than expected or initially slated. In this usage, the phrase is usually used in a passive construction. The mayor was held over after the election had to be postponed.
5. verb To keep someone or something in place after a change has been made. In this usage, a noun or pronoun can be used between "hold" and "over." Just how long do you plan to hold me over in this position after the merger?
6. noun Someone or something that remains after a change has been made. In this usage, the phrase is usually written as one word ("holdover"). She's a holdover from before the merger, to help us with the transition.
hold someone or something over
to retain someone or something (for a period of time). The storm held John over for another day. The manager held over the hit movie for another week.
hold something over someone('s head)
Fig. to have knowledge of something about a person and to use that knowledge to control the person. So I made a mistake when I was young. Are you going to hold that over my head all my life? Please don't hold that over me anymore.
1. Postpone or delay, as in Let's hold this matter over until the next meeting. [Mid-1800s]
2. Keep something in a position or state beyond the normal period, as in The film was to be held over for another week. [First half of 1900s]
3. Continue in office past the normal period, as in The committee chair held over until they could find a suitable replacement. [Mid-1600s]
4. hold something over someone. Have an advantage or use a threat to control someone. For example, They knew he'd been caught shoplifting and were sure to hold it over him. [Second half of 1800s]
1. To wield something above someone or something: Hold the flashlight over my head.
2. To postpone or delay something: We held the election over until after vacation. The trip was held over because of the rain.
3. To continue a term of office past the usual length of time. Used chiefly in the passive: The acting governor's term was held over until a successor was elected.
4. To prolong the engagement of something: This show is so popular that they held it over an extra day. The film was held over for weeks.
5. To control someone by threatening to make use of or reveal damaging information: He had no choice but to cooperate with the builders, since they held the legal contract over him. Now that they know my secret, they have something to hold over me.


text:
ACCOUNTING TERMS - ACCOUNTING DICTIONARY - ACCOUNTING GLOSSARY
From the web's #1 provider of financial analysis / ratio analysis
INCOME SMOOTHING Definition
INCOME SMOOTHING refers to measures taken to reduce the probability of income shocks before they occur, and includes strategies like diversifying income sources; making low-risk production and employment choices; building up physical, human, and social assets; and ensuring good financial management.
Learn new Accounting Terms
COMPLETENESS deals with whether all transactions and accounts that should be in the financial statements are included. For example, management asserts that all purchases of goods and services are included in the financial statements. Similarly, management asserts that notes payable in the balance sheet include all such obligations of the entity.
STANDARD DEVIATION is a statistic used to measure dispersion equal to the square root of the arithmetic mean of the squares of the deviations from the arithmetic mean.


text:
| American Economic Review
What Causes Industry Agglomeration? Evidence from Coagglomeration Patterns
Why do firms cluster near one another? We test Marshall's theories of industrial agglomeration by examining which industries locate near one another, or coagglomerate. We construct pairwise coagglomeration indices for US manufacturing industries from the Economic Census. We then relate coagglomeration levels to the degree to which industry pairs share goods, labor, or ideas. To reduce reverse causality, where collocation drives input-output linkages or hiring patterns, we use data from UK industries and from US areas where the two industries are not collocated. All three of Marshall's theories of agglomeration are supported, with input-output linkages particularly important.
Data and Data Sets;
Goods and Commodities;


Triggering Term
DEFINITION of 'Triggering Term'
A word or phrase that when used in advertising literature requires the presentation of the terms of a credit agreement so that individuals can compare credit offers on a fair and equal basis.
Open-end and closed-end credit each have a set of triggering terms associated with them; if a single one is used in advertising material, then the full set of credit terms must also be displayed so as not to confuse or deceive consumers.
Triggering terms are set and monitored by the Federal Trade Commission, in the United States.
BREAKING DOWN 'Triggering Term'
Credit literature and advertising must abide by the Truth In Lending Act passed in 1969, which requires that lenders disclose key terms of an agreement, such as how finance charges are computed, when a charge can be imposed and charges computed as an annual percentage rate.
Triggering terms help clarify the conditions under which a consumer is borrowing money. It is important to read carefully all of the disclosures to get a true picture of the cost of borrowing money. Being oblivious to the terms of a loan and the charges that can be incurred can cause a consumer to become buried in debt.
 1. Mortgage
 2. Truth In Lending Act - TILA
 A federal law enacted in 1968 with the intention of protecting...
 3. Credit Agreement
 A legal contract in which a bank arranges to loan a customer...
 4. Open-End Credit
 5. Loan
 6. Annual Percentage Rate - APR
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text:
Is giving birth to a baby through a coin-sized hole more painful than the crippling pain of being kicked in the groin?
Nociceptors are nerve cells that send pain signals to the spinal cord and brain. These sensory neurons fire once a certain threshold has been crossed, and the frequency of that firing determines the intensity of the pain. Both the agony of childbirth and getting kicked in the balls ramp-up that neural firing.
So which then is more painful: childbirth or getting kicked in the balls? AsapSCIENCE provides a scientific breakdown of this burning question.


Tag: Petrol
British Scientists Invent Hydrogen Based and Cheaper Artificial Gasoline
British scientists are refining the recipe for a hydrogen-based fuel that will run in existing cars and engines which could cost just around $1.50 a gallon and is more energy effiicient than the nowadays petrol. The hydrogen-based fuel instead of carbon-based (as it is heavily used in nowadays petrol) doesn't emit any harmful greenhouse gases […]


text:
Previously at the ICA - Events
22 Jan 2015
As part of the collaboration between fig-2 and the Art Fund, fig-2 will be hosting eight public seminars, conceptualised by Art Fund Curator Fatos Ustek.
This eight-part seminar series will explore the curatorial pursuit and eloquence of expression in curating today. Inspired by the structure of fig-2, changing the rules of display of ideas weekly, if not daily, the artist changes every week. The exhibition is not a singular presentation of works or a consistent message, but is instead composed of several constellations, each revealing how one object put next to another could provoke different readings of both. Each seminar will concentrate on one theme in particular with assigned reading announced in advance on the website, and will be led by Fatos Ustek.
The first of an eight-part seminar series, Instituting the Social will start by addressing the concepts studied by Cornelius Castoriadis, activating the understanding of institutions, and their relationship to the construction of the social imaginary.
Reading: Cornelius Castoriadis, "Thinking About Political Theory" in Capitalism Nature Socialism, 2002


text:
Turning Actions Into Gold
We want to make Middlesbrough a place where everyone can eat good quality, healthy food that is easy to buy and offers value for money. In 2019, Middlesbrough became a silver Sustainable Food City, and are now bidding for Gold.
The Council and other institutions across the town are taking action to make food healthier and more sustainable. We are calling on residents, visitors, schools, cafes, restaurants, shops and caterers to all play their part too. Every action counts!
Individuals & Visitors
- Eat a healthier diet that is low in salt, sugar and fat.
- Eat less meat and more fresh vegetables and fruit
- Not cook more than you need and re-use leftover food
- Buy food that has less packaging and recycle as much packaging as you can.
- Buy food that is produced locally to Middlesbrough – find local food at _URL_
- Buy Fairtrade items.
- Use local independent shops
- Grow some of your own food
- Start composting at home
- Become a Good Food Ambassador in your workplace and support colleagues and your employer in taking these actions.
- Offer cooking and growing opportunities
- Undertake a food waste audit/ food waste collection
- Arrange visits to community food projects and farms
- Offer a healthy and active breakfast club: low cost for those that need it
- Develop a whole-school healthy and sustainable
food and drink policy
- Run an Eco Shop to help tackle food waste
- Provide access to drinking water and reusable water bottles
- Work to improve your Food 4 Health status.
- Help facilitate the conversation about healthy and sustainable food with pupils and families include in lessons, and/ or give information to children to take home
- Improve referrals to Feast of Fun holiday clubs and foodbanks
- Buy more sustainable, local, healthy, seasonal and responsibly sourced food
- Flip the menu order to read vegetarian, fish, meat
- Offer smaller portion sizes and doggy bags
- Reduce and recycle food waste – do a food waste audit/ redistribute surplus food/ arrange food waste collection
- Reduce and recycle food related packaging and sign up to plasticfreepledge.com
- Buy Fairtrade food if the food is not produced locally
- Go for accreditation (e.g. Food for Health, Sustainable Restaurant Association, Food for Life)
- Support customers and employees to do as many of the actions for residents as they can
- Sign up to become a Water Refill Station or Breast Feeding Friendly
- Donate a small percentage of food/meals to initiatives that support vulnerable families
Are you already taking action?
We would love to hear what you or your organisation are doing for a more healthy and sustainable local food system. It could one or more of the actions listed above, or something else entirely. Please let us know and join others in turning these actions into gold!


text:
C - Expert 2 - Queries within collections
This section introduces the syntax used message locations when collection element is used in a validation rule
Message location supports added logic, which is especially great when dealing with collections; we are able to give the error message only for the cases where invalid XML content was found and correction has to be made.
Usage in short is: when collection is used, query will have to be a negation of the validation rule. In other words, if a validation rule limits the values of elements, we want to give the query for every element which does not fill the validation rule.
We shall be doing the following here:
The rule we made in the previous phase should look like this:
self.Unstructured->forAll(q | q.matches("Ustrd1") or q.matches("Ustrd2"))
The message location where we want to tell about the invalid content given in XML should be everything which does not fill the OCL rule above, i.e. the query should be a negation of the above.
There are three steps involved here:
- Replacing forAll() with select()
- include everything in right-hand-side with operation not()
- Replacing or with and
Reasons for these changes are:
- In a query, we do not want to limit the content anymore; it is already limited with an OCL rule. Instead, we want to find content. Therefore select() is the method we want to use
- not() is an OCL operation which returns the reverse of the content within it. if true is returned otherwise, false will be returned. And vice versa
- in a rule we want to use or as both of the values are valid to be used. In a query, we know that validation rule has been triggered and there is at least one occurrence within XML which does not pass the rule. We want to point to every case which does not fill the rule. Every case which does not return true will contain something other than "Ustrd1" and "Ustrd2" Therefore operand "and" fills the purpose and operand or would lead to incorrect behaviour.
Doing the above will give us a guery:
self.Unstructured->select(q | not(q.matches("Ustrd1") and q.matches("Ustrd2")))


Unit templates
Repeating containers
To include a repeating container in a display you must use the tag. Without tags a repeating address container would look like this:
Address Line 1 A; Address Line 1 B
Address Line 2 A; Address Line 2 B
Address Line 3 A; Address Line 3 B
Although of course we'd like it to look like this:
Address Line 1 A
Address Line 2 A
Address Line 3 A
Address Line 1 B
Address Line 2 B
Address Line 3 B
To achieve the ideal layout above a tag is used to define the format of each discrete block, which then repeats as many times as the container does.
Let's say you're pulling this address into a "Related entities" bundle, so as to display the address with the entity name. The display template would look like this:
^ca_entities.address.address1,
^ca_entities.address.address2,
^ca_entities.address.city,
^ca_entities.address.stateprovince,
^ca_entities.address.postalcode,
In the above code the unit delimiter (,) is used between instances of the full address container. The code is used between lines of the individual container placement. It ensures that if no data has been catalogued you won't get a string of empty spaces and commas.
Relative to relationships
The tag also supports a relativeTo setting which is used to shift the frame of reference of a display to a specified target. This is vital for interstitial record displays, hierarchical displays and indirect relationships (see below).
Hierarchical relationships
The tag allows users to organize and display metadata for hierarchically related records. For example, you might have a hierarchy within the Collections table, wherein one parent collection houses smaller child collections. Without the tag, you would only be able to display the preferred label of each child, and you wouldn't be able to specify delimiters such as line breaks. With the tag, however, you can break the child records up into discrete chunks, and you can include additional metadata about each. If you want to display child records along with their idno's, for example, you could do this:
^ca_collections.preferred_labels,
In which relativeTo specifies the table in question and asks the display to find child records. Once the relativeTo frame has been set, however, you can drop the.children and simply reference the collections table, wherein the child records live. If you were to continue including children, (i.e. ca_collections.children.preferred_labels) you would essentially be looking for child records within child records. To use this template in the opposite direction, to display the immediate parent of the record at hand, you would simply format it as . To display all parents, you can format the template with respect to the entire hierarchy: . If you are dealing with multiple records, either as children or as hierarchy, you'll want to enclose the entire template within a , so that each record's metadata can be displayed in an organized manner. For example,
 ^ca_collections.preferred_labels,
would display records like this:
Mini Collection X, 100.1
Mini Collection Y, 100.2
instead of this:
Mini Collection X, Mini Collection Y, 100.1, 100.2
You can also nest additional layers of tags within the syntax discussed above by following the directions in the following section.
Indirect relationships
One use of the tag is to allow cataloguers to display metadata with some relative distance to the chosen record. We could call this the Six Degrees of Kevin Bacon for CollectiveAccess.
Let's say you're creating a Collection summary and you'd like to display metadata about Entities, but Entities aren't related directly to Collections. Perhaps they are related to Objects related to the Collection. Never fear! Just as Bruce Willis is 2 degrees away from Kevin Bacon (thanks to Brad Pitt, "The Hamster Factor" and the movie "8"), Entities are also 2 degrees away from Collections thanks to their relativity to Objects.
How does this look in practice? Here's a display template that is used on the object bundle (through the GUI) or object placement (in a profile). It pulls statement metadata from a container on each Entity record related to each Object.
^ca_entities.preferred_labels
The result is a list of artwork titles, artist names and their statements for the works in the collection. Note that in the Falling Water example entity John Smith has two repeats of the statements container:
Restricted indirect relationships
You can further restrict indirect relationships by including restrictToTypes and/or restrictToRelationshipTypes. For example to restrict the relationship included in the display to just individual entities linked as artist you'd use the following:
You may sort the order in which units are output by adding sort and optionally sortDirection to the unit. For example to sort output by the name of a the related object do something like this:
Notice that the sort direction is ASC. Sort direction may be either ASCending or DESCending. If you omit a value, ascending is assumed. You may sort on more than one bundle value by listing each bundle value in sequence separated by semi-colons.
Skipping units
(From v1.5) You can skip records selected by unit tags using the skipIfExpression attribute. It takes an Expression as parameter. Note that the skipIfExpression attribute is evaluated on record level, so while you can use it if your relativeTo spec is a container or an attribute, it doesn't really make sense to do so. Below is a simple example that would skip all entities where the idno had the sequence test in it.