text:
Standard House Measurements
The standard house measurement in the United States is 2,349 square feet. That is double the figure during the 1950s. A look at the history of housing in the US reveals that house dimensions have increased as living standards went up.
18th Century Homes
Records show the first American homes were one storey, one room edifices made using European building techniques. These were remodeled to fit the topography and setting in the New World.
Most of these homes never went beyond 450 sq ft. As the years went by however, these homes were expanded. Around the 1850s, the houses were expanded. Most notably, the heights were increased by 12 inches or more.
19th Century Standard House Measurements
Many small row houses emerged during this time. These houses measured 20 feet across. These narrow homes would however, extend 40 feet back. As the years passed, the row houses became deeper. The 25 ft lots were segregated into three sections.
But many big homes were constructed during the 1800s. Many of them were between 2,200 and 2,800 sq ft. This is about the size of the typical home today. The bedrooms and other rooms became standardized around this time.
20th Century Homes
The oldest bungalow houses in the US measured 600 to 800 sq ft. The square footage of these early 20th century homes were minimized to make up for the costs of heating and plumbing. Around the 1950s, the average size was 1,000 sq ft. During the 1970s, the standard house measurements were 1500 sq ft.
While the house size is increasing, the lot size has been decreasing. In 1990, the typical lot size was 14,680 sq ft. In 1998, the average lot size shrank to 12,870 sq ft.
By 2010 the lot size will go down by another one thousand sq ft. By compassion, the average lot in the 1970s was 1,125 sq ft.
Important Measurements for House Designs
The average height for master bathroom cabinets is 29". However, some designers prefer a height of 35". For kids the height is usually 31". The standard bathroom cabinet depth is 18 to 20".
If you are going to install a chandelier, the installation height should be 30" over the table. This is for an 8 ft high ceiling. If the ceiling is over eight feet, the installation height should be 34 inches high.
For paintings, pictures and other hangings, it should be at eye level. In most cases that would be 65" from the ground.
The height of the average kitchen cabinet is 34-1/2" from the floor. The typical kitchen cabinet wall installation height is 18" off the countertop. That is equal to 54" above your floor.
The typical kitchen base cabinet is 24 inches wide. The standard kitchen wall cabinet is 12" wide. The kitchen countertop space from the sink is 18 to 30" for one side and 48 to 54" by the other.
These dimensions are suitable for the standard house measurements. If your home is smaller or bigger, you will have to make changes to the specifications.


The University of Arizona
Illicit Drug Screening, Brief Intervention, and Treatment Placement
Brief Interventions:
If drug screening indicates that substance use may be a problem, a brief intervention can be conducted to help the individual reduce or discontinue their substance use.
A brief intervention by definition is an intervention designed to promote behavior change. It is not a treatment, rather it is a pretreatment tool. It typically includes an initial 5 to 20 minute session, and can include educational materials and up to 3 follow-up contacts.


Index - 1, emptyFieldsExistAfterCurrent { // 2
 textField.returnKeyType = .next
 }
 else { // 3
 textField.returnKeyType = .done
 }
 }
}
As before, we save the textFields array in a local constant (1) and we bail out if we can't find the index of the passed in textField (2).
We then have a decision to make:
 - If we're not on the last textField and we have empty fields after the current, the return key should be .next (2).
 - If we're on the last textField, or all fields after the current one are filled, the return key should be .done (3).
Lastly, the logic for tapping on the Next/Return key is slightly trickier and we'll finally see why we used an ArraySlice above:
extension NextTextFieldHandler {
 func handleReturnKeyTapped(on textField: UITextField) {
 let textFields = self.textFields // 1
 guard let currentIndex = textFields.index(of: textField) else { return } // 2
 let fieldsAfterCurrent = fields(after: textField) // 3
 let nextEmptyIndex = fieldsAfterCurrent
 .firstIndex { $0.text?.isEmpty != false } // 4
 ?? textFields.index(currentIndex, offsetBy: 1, limitedBy: textFields.endIndex - 1) // 5
 ?? textFields.endIndex - 1 // 6
 let emptyFieldsExistAfterCurrent = emptyFieldsExist(after: textField)
 if currentIndex == textFields.endIndex - 1 || !emptyFieldsExistAfterCurrent { // 7
 textField.resignFirstResponder()
 }
 else { // 8
 textFields[nextEmptyIndex].becomeFirstResponder()
 }
 }
}
As always, we first save the textFields array in a local constant (1) and we bail out if we can't find the index of the passed in textField (2). We then get the next fields after the one passed in as a slice (3) and find the index of the first empty field (4), falling back to the next text field if that fails (5), falling back yet again on the last text field if that also fails (6).
We now have another decision to make:
 - If we're on the last textField or all fields after the current one are filled, resign first responder (7).
 - If we're not on the last textField and we have empty fields after the current one, focus the first empty textField after the current one (8).
And here's where we need the ArraySlice. Let's take the previous example to go through it:
 - textFields = [field1, field2, field3, field4].
 - We're on field1, and the first empty text field is field3, which has an index of 2.
 - fields(after: field1) return [field2, field3, field4] with indices [1, 2, 3].
 - firstIndex { $0.text?.isEmpty != false } (4) would return index 2, as it should.
 - textFields[nextEmptyIndex].becomeFirstResponder() will focus the correct field, field3.
If we wouldn't use a slice, fields(after: field) would still return field2, field3, field4], but with indices [0, 1, 2]. Also, we don't use filter inside fields(after:), because that would reset the indices, making them start from 0.
If we wouldn't use a slice, we could also find field3 by using first { $0.text?.isEmpty != false } at (4), then we'd find its index by calling textFields.index(of: nextField), but I think a slice is slightly better since we can write easier fallbacks (5, 6).
How do we use it? Quite simple, actually:
extension LoginViewController: UITextFieldDelegate, NextTextFieldHandler {
 var textFields: [UITextField] { // 1
 return aStackView.arrangedSubviews
 .compactMap { $0 as? UITextField }
 .filter { !$0.isHidden && $0.alpha != 0 && $0.isEnabled } // 2
 /* 3
 if mode == .login {
 return [emailTextField, passwordTextField]
 }
 else {
 return [nameTextField, emailTextField, passwordTextField]
 }
 */
 }
 func textFieldShouldBeginEditing(_ textField: UITextField) -> Bool {
 setupReturnKeyType(for: textField) // 4
 return true
 }
 func textFieldShouldReturn(_ textField: UITextField) -> Bool {
 handleReturnKeyTapped(on: textField) // 5
 return true
 }
}
First, we setup the textFields we need (1). We extract all the text fields from our imaginary UIStackView (2) (or return them manually — 3), then call setupReturnKeyType(for:) from textFieldShouldBeginEditing(:_) (4) and handleReturnKeyTapped(on:) from textFieldShouldReturn(:_) (5).
As always, I'd love to know what you think, or if anything can be improved @rolandleth.
Update: Shaps wrote a great piece on this topic as well, be sure to check it out!
]]>
_URL_ Increasing the tap area of a UIButton 2018-09-09T16:08 2018-09-09T16:08 Roland Leth _URL_ The other day, Soroush wrote a great post about hitTest(_:with:) (you should check it out), which reminded me of a problem I solved the other week: I wanted to increase a UIButton's tap area, without increasing the button's frame.
The following code would go in one of the button's superviews; for example, you might have a mainContainer, which has a UIStackView that contains the button — we'd implement it in mainContainer:
override func hitTest(_ point: CGPoint, with event: UIEvent?) -> UIView? {
 let biggerButtonFrame = theButton.frame.insetBy(dx: -30, dy: -30) // 1
 if biggerButtonFrame.contains(point) { // 2
 return theButton // 3
 }
 return super.hitTest(point, with: event) // 4
}
We first create a rect that is 30px larger than our button, both horizontally and vertically (1) and we check if it contains the point (2): if it does, we return the button (3), otherwise we fallback to super (4). At (1) we might need to convert between coordinate systems and at (2) we might also want to check if the button is enabled and visible, if it can have different states.
If you google increase uibutton tap area, you'll get quite a few results, mentioning either increasing imageEdgeInsets/titleEdgeInsets (not quite what we want), or using pointInside(point:with:). The approach of the latter is basically the same as we saw above, just that the implementation is done on the button itself, not in one of its superviews:
override func point(inside point: CGPoint, with event: UIEvent?) -> Bool {
 let biggerFrame = bounds.insetBy(dx: -30, dy: -30)
 return biggerFrame.contains(point)
}
Sometimes, a button might be part of a view controller's view, or used as a customView for a UIBarButtonItem, in which case we don't have access to the implementation of the superview, so we need to use this approach.
At some point, I didn't really want to write this post anymore, seeing so much information about this dating back to 2010, but, in the end, I think that any knowledge shared is better than kept.
How did I used to do it? By creating a UILabel/UIImageView with the required info and adding a bigger button on top 🤷🏻♂😳.
]]>
_URL_ Extracting the location from a photo 2018-08-06T18:51 2018-08-06T18:51 Roland Leth _URL_ I'd like to quickly explain how to let the user pick a photo and automatically extract the location for them. The post is targeted at iOS 11+, because starting with this version, to use an UIImagePickerController we don't need to ask the user's permission to access their photo library, because the controller runs as a separate process from the app, which


text:
avcal converts AVHRR sensor count values to values with engineering units. For channels 1 and 2 the units are per- cent albedo. For channels 3, 4, and 5 the units can be either percent albedo or brightness temperature. This pro- cess is often referred to as radiometrically calibrating the data. New calibration coefficients are computed for each 100 input lines.
The calibration algorithm is based on information contained in Techniques for Data Extraction and Calibration of TIROS- N/NOAA Series Satellite Radiometers for Direct Readout Users by Levin Lauritson and Gary Nelson (NOAA-NESS Publication #107, July 1979). Briefly, the visible and near infrared data (channels 1 and 2) are converted from raw counts to percent albedo using a linear relationship determined prior to launch. The thermal infrared data (channels 3, 4, and 5) are converted from raw counts to radiances with a linear relationship that is based on the raw count value associated with cold space (roughly 3 degrees Kelvin) and the raw count value associated with the temperature of an onboard target (approximately 300 degrees Kelvin). A slight nonlinearity in channels 4 and 5 is corrected using a quadratic function of radiance. Lastly, the infrared radiances are converted to temperature using the inverse Planck function.
To calibrate visible channels, avcal uses the ASCII data file avcal.coef the location of which is defined by the SAT- DATA environment variable. This is a time-dependent file, each record of which contains the calibration information on per-satellite basis together with the date label, defining the starting date when this information became valid. See this file for more information.
The output report provides the intercept (intcpt) and slope (slope) for each channel's linear calibration equation. It also provides the space (space) and target (target) counts. Lastly, it provides the temperatures (average) of the four platinum resistance thermistors (prt), which are embedded in the onboard target.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
Universities have a limited number of funding sources. The primary funding sources for research universities to perform their research and educational missions are tuition, research grants and contracts, philanthropy, endowment income, and, in the case of public institutions, state appropriations. When universities are unable to recover the full allowable costs of research, they must rely on other primary funding sources to make up the difference. A cap on F&A costs might result in:
- institutions refusing to accept research awards that require significant institutional subsidy;
- the deterioration of research facilities as the risk becomes too great to invest institutional funds;
- a substandard compliance environment because institutions cannot afford to pay for mandated compliance costs; and,
- increases in tuition rates to cover costs that have been shifted to the institution.
Each of these would result in harm to not only the institutions conducting research, but the nation which would lose its competitive edge in science and innovation.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
adjective, un·ru·li·er, un·ru·li·est.
not submissive or conforming to rule; ungovernable; turbulent; intractable; refractory; lawless: an unruly class; an unruly wilderness.
Origin: 1350–1400; Middle English unruely, Related forms
equivalent to unun-1
+ ruly, ruely
governable, controllable; see rule
disobedient, unmanageable, uncontrollable, stubborn, disorderly, riotous. Unruly, intractable, recalcitrant, refractory describe persons or things that resist management or control. Unruly suggests persistently disorderly behavior or character in persons or things: an unruly child, peevish and willful; wild, unruly hair. Intractable suggests in persons a determined resistance to all attempts to guide or direct them, in things a refusal to respond to attempts to shape, improve, or modify them: an intractable social rebel; a seemingly intractable problem in logistics. recalcitrant and refractory imply not only a lack of submissiveness but also an open, often violent, rebellion against authority or direction. Recalcitrant the stronger of the two terms, suggests a stubborn and absolute noncompliance: a recalcitrant person, openly contemptuous of all authority. Refractory implies active, mulish disobedience, but leaves open the possibility of eventual compliance: refractory students, resisting efforts to interest them in their studies.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Reader: "Crissy, why does my eyeshadow crease? Whenever I do it, I get these lines in my eyeshadow."
There is nothing more annoying than spending a ridiculous amount of time on your eyeshadow only to find that it begins to crease within a few minutes of you completing it. Has this ever happened to you? Well, if you want to know how to prevent this from happening, keep reading.
What does it mean when your eyeshadow creases? Creasing of the eyeshadows occurs when the oils on the eyelid begin to seep through the shadow causing the eyeshadow to build up in the creases or folds of the eyelids. This buildup is known as creasing. If you're still confused, have you ever looked at your eyeshadow and noticed there are horizontal lines in the shape of your eyes? Well that's creasing sis.
I've seen several tips and tricks along the way to prevent creasing. While no one method is right or wrong, they all have the same goal in common. That goal is creating a solid base for the eyeshadow to stick to. For me, I choose to use a cream base concealer or eyeshadow primer. Not only does this help the eyeshadow stay in place, but it also helps it to appear more pigmented. After I apply the cream concealer or eyeshadow primer, I did not open my eyes anymore. Once you open your eyes, whatever cream or liquid base you choose to use settles into the fold or creases of your eyes. Knowing this, I keep my eyes closed and I dip an eyeshadow brush into a setting powder. Next I apply that setting powder all over the lid. Finally, I allow it to dry prior to opening my eyes.
This process may seem lengthy but it doesn't take any time at all. It should not take more than a minute or two (the entire process). These few short steps Will prevent your eyeshadow from creasing LOL your colors to shine bright.
How do you stop your eyeshadow from creasing? Share your tips in the comment section below!


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how to find first record from group in crystal reports?
share|improve this question
You can use the Previous(Group_Field) function in a formula to indicate the start the group. The Online formula function help gives an example. Basically you see if the Previous value of the field you are grouping on is different from the current value. If it is, then you have just started a new group.
If Previous ({table.GroupingField}) = ({table.GroupingField}) Then
 False
Else
 True
share|improve this answer
You can use: NthSmallest (1, {yourField},{theGrouping}) Or NthLargest (1, {yourField},{theGrouping})
Works like a charm
share|improve this answer
When the group header is printed, you're on the first record in the group. Sometimes you can just do the work there.
share|improve this answer
 Previous ({ItemNum}) = ({ItemNum})
This will hide display the first record ItemNum in the group, and hide the rest until the next ItemNum that is different.
share|improve this answer
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text:
Council for Spiritual and Ethical Education supports the moral and spiritual development of young people by providing resources and educational opportunities to elementary, middle, and secondary schools.
Council for Spiritual and Ethical Education is a broad consortium of schools committed to
- effective education for moral leadership and ethical decision making
- quality instruction about the world's religious traditions
- spiritual growth in a religiously diverse world
- service, in our communities, to our world community
CSEE has a 106-year history. For most of the 20th century we were known as Council for Religion in Independent Schools. The Council changed its name in the late 1990s, out of sensitivity to schools working on moral and spiritual growth, but with no firmly identifiable religious affiliation.
Today we serve some 300 institutions across the United States and Canada, and work with both schools and parents to foster moral development, ethical leadership, and spiritual growth.


text:
||It has been suggested that overhand shuffle be merged into this article. (Discuss) Proposed since December 2011.|
Shuffling is a procedure used to randomize a deck of playing cards to provide an element of chance in card games. Shuffling is often followed by a cut, to help ensure that the shuffler has not manipulated the outcome.
Shuffling techniques
A common shuffling technique is called the riffle or dovetail shuffle, in which half of the deck is held in each hand with the thumbs inward, then cards are released by the thumbs so that they fall to the table interleaved. Many also lift the cards up after a riffle, forming what is called a bridge which puts the cards back into place. This can also be done by placing the halves flat on the table with their rear corners touching, then lifting the back edges with the thumbs while pushing the halves together. While this method is more difficult, it is often used in casinos because it minimizes the risk of exposing cards during the shuffle. There are two types of perfect riffle shuffles: if the top card moves to be second from the top then it is an in shuffle, otherwise it is known as an out shuffle (which preserves both the top and bottom cards).
Riffle shuffling does, however, carry a risk of damaging cards from excessive bending. Casinos often replace their playing cards to prevent cheating from players that detect deformations in the cards. However, collectible card game cards are considerably less replaceable than playing cards, and CCG cards can be damaged from riffle shuffling, even when protected with card sleeves.
Stripping or overhand
Another procedure is called stripping, overhand, or slide shuffle, where small groups of cards are removed from the top of a deck and placed in the opposite hand (or just assembled on the table) in reverse order.
Hindu shuffle
Also known as "Kattar" or "Kenchi" or "Kutti Shuffle"(Hindi for scissor). The deck is held face down, with the middle finger on one long edge and the thumb on the other on the bottom half of the deck. The other hand draws off a packet from the top of the deck. This packet is allowed to drop into the palm. The maneuver is repeated over and over, with newly drawn packets dropping onto previous ones, until the deck is all in the second hand. Hindu shuffle differs from stripping in that all the action is in the hand taking the cards, whereas in stripping, the action is performed by the hand with the original deck, giving the cards to the resulting pile. This is the most common shuffling technique in Asia and other parts of the world, while the overhand shuffle is primarily used in Western countries.
Pile shuffle
Cards are simply dealt out into a number of piles, then the piles are stacked on top of each other. This ensures that cards that were next to each other are now separated. The pile shuffle does not provide any randomization of the cards, since for any number of piles the right number of repetitions will bring the deck back to its original state, though this can be improved slightly by dealing to the piles in a random order each circuit. It is sometimes used in collectible card games where other forms of shuffling might damage rare cards.
Corgi, Chemmy, Irish or Wash shuffle
Also known as the scramble, beginner shuffle, or washing the cards, this involves simply spreading the cards out face down, and sliding them around and over each other with one's hands. Then the cards are moved into one pile so that they begin to intertwine and are then arranged back into a stack. This method is useful for beginners and small children or if one is inept at shuffling cards. However, the beginner shuffle requires a large surface for spreading out the cards and takes longer than the other methods.
Mongean shuffle
The Mongean shuffle, or Monge's shuffle, is performed as follows (by a right-handed person): Start with the unshuffled deck in the left hand and transfer the top card to the right. Then repeatedly take the top card from the left hand and transfer it to the right, putting the second card at the top of the new deck, the third at the bottom, the fourth at the top, the fifth at the bottom, etc. The result, if one started with cards numbered consecutively, would be a deck with the cards in the following order:.
For a deck of given size, the number of Mongean shuffles that it takes to return a deck to starting position, is known (sequence A019567 in OEIS). Twelve perfect Mongean shuffles restore a 52-card deck.
Weave and Faro shuffles
Weaving is the procedure of pushing the ends of two halves of a deck against each other in such a way that they naturally intertwine. Sometimes the deck is split into equal halves of 26 cards which are then pushed together in a certain way so as to make them perfectly interweave. This is known as a Faro Shuffle.
The faro shuffle is performed by cutting the deck into two, preferably equal, packs in both hands as follows (right-handed): The cards are held from above in the right and from below in the left hand. Separation of the deck is done simply lifting up half the cards with the right hand thumb slightly and pushing the left hand's packet forward away from the right hand. The two packets are often crossed and slammed into each other as to align them. They are then pushed together by the short sides and bent (either up or down). The cards then alternately fall into each other, much like a zipper. A flourish can be added by springing the packets together by applying pressure and bending them from above. The faro is a controlled shuffle which does not randomize a deck when performed properly.
A perfect faro shuffle, where the cards are perfectly alternated, is considered one of the most difficult sleights by card magicians, simply because it requires the shuffler to be able to cut the deck into two equal packets and apply just the right amount of pressure when pushing the cards into each other. Performing eight perfect faro shuffles in a row restores the order of the deck to the original order only if there are 52 cards in the deck and if the original top and bottom cards remain in their positions (1st and 52nd) during the eight shuffles. If the top and bottom cards are weaved in during each shuffle, it takes 52 shuffles to return the deck back into original order (or 26 shuffles to reverse the order).
Shuffling machines
Because standard shuffling techniques are seen as weak, and in order to avoid "inside jobs" where employees collaborate with gamblers by performing inadequate shuffles, many casinos employ automatic shuffling machines. They also save time that would otherwise be spent shuffling, allowing several more hands per hour to be played and increasing the profitability of the table. These machines are also used to lessen repetitive motion stress injuries to a dealer. Note that the shuffling machines have to be carefully designed, as they can generate biased shuffles otherwise: the most recent shuffling machines are computer-controlled, though they have not yet fully been integrated into gaming.
There are exactly 52 factorial (expressed in shorthand as 52!) possible orderings of the cards in a 52-card deck. This is approximately 8×1067 possible orderings or specifically 80,658,175,170,943,878,571,660,636,856,403,766,975,289,505,440,883,277,824,000,000,000,000. The magnitude of this number means that it is exceedingly improbable that two randomly selected, truly randomized decks, will ever, even in the history of the Universe, be the same. However, while the exact sequence of all cards in a randomized deck is unpredictable, it may be possible to make some probabilistic predictions about a deck that is not sufficiently randomized.
Sufficient number of shuffles
"How many shuffles are sufficient for good randomness?" is a fundamental question, and the answer depends on the type of shuffle and the measure of "good enough randomness", which in turn depends on the game in question. Broadly, for most games, four to seven good riffle shuffles (GRS) are both necessary and sufficient: for unsuited games such as blackjack, four GRSs are sufficient, while for suited games with strict conditions on randomness, seven GRSs are necessary. There are some games, however, for which even seven GRSs are insufficient.
In practice the number of shuffles required depends both on the quality of the shuffle and how significant non-randomness is, particularly how good the people playing are at noticing and using non-randomness. Two to four shuffles is good enough for casual play. But in club play, good bridge players take advantage of non-randomness after four shuffles, and top blackjack players supposedly track aces through the deck; this is known as "ace tracking", or more generally, as "shuffle tracking".
Following early research at Bell Labs, which was abandoned in 1955, the question of how many shuffles was required remained open until 1990, when it was convincingly solved as seven shuffles, as elaborated below. Some results preceded this, and refinements have continued since.
A leading figure in the mathematics of shuffling is mathematician and magician Persi Diaconis, who began studying the question around 1970, and has authored many papers in the 1980s, 1990s, and 2000s on the subject with numerous co-authors. Most famous is (Bayer & Diaconis 1992


Dad banned from seeing child for 13 years
Updated January 17, 2012 14:20:10
The Family Court has banned the father of a five-year-old girl from seeing his daughter until she turns 18 by ruling that shared care would not work.
After a long legal battle, the court ruled it would be pointless to order shared care of the girl because the mother was determined to ignore court orders and destroy the daughter's relationship with her father.
The court said while it was not in the best interests of the child, the only solution was to ban contact between father and daughter until she turned 18.
The case has been branded by legal experts as one of the most extreme since amendments to shared care legislation in the Family Law Act were introduced by the Howard government in 2006.
Jenni Millbank, a professor of law at the University of Technology in Sydney, says the Family Court needs to consider the relationship between the child and both parents.
"The Family Court has to consider the benefit to a child of a meaningful relationship with both parents and, if they order shared parental responsibility between the parents, they must also then consider whether or not the child would benefit from so-called equal time or, if not equal time, substantial and significant time," she said.
But Professor Millbank says certain circumstances mean some shared care arrangements do not work.
"If a parent is violent or abusive or if they have a very serious mental illness or an addiction, if they are not able to prioritise the child's need over their own needs or if there is such extreme conflict between the parents that the benefit of the relationship is outweighed by the destructive impact of the conflict on the child," she said.
'Fraught issues'
The director of Canberra law firm Farrar Gesini and Dunn, Juliette Ford, says those circumstances existed in the current case.
"There are a number of extremely fraught issues between the parents," Ms Ford said.
"There were allegations of violence between them; there are allegations of abuse in relation to the child; there is evidence of the father's attitude towards the mother, which is negative.
"And then there is also a lot of evidence as to the mother's attitude towards the father, which is also negative."
"The courts have been very careful not to in any way be seen to be complementing, congratulating or condoning the actions and attitudes of each of the parents, and this isn't a case where one should see that the mother has been vindicated in her actions.
"The court has very much made a decision as to what's in the interests of this little five-year-old notwithstanding the actions of her mother in this particular case."
Audio: Mother's refusal sees father banned from contacting daughter (The World Today)
Professor Millbank says the case should not set an unwanted precedent for shared care.
She says it just confirms that the case in question was extreme.
"As Tolstoy says, every family is unhappy in its own special way," Professor Millbank said.
"So there's no such thing really as the death of shared care or a precedent that binds other cases. This sounds like a very extreme and unusual sets of facts and so you're going to get an unusual judgment.
"I think it's very clear that the shared care legislation has set down a pattern of much more shared care. So you can't just say because it didn't happen in this one case that the quotes about the death of shared care, I thought, were just a bit extreme."
High-stakes game
Professor Millbank says parents who simply refuse to deal with each other are playing a high-stakes game.
"There is absolutely that question of kind of thwarting the relationship but that is also a consideration in the legislation," she said.
"The court has to consider the willingness of each parent to facilitate the relationship of the child with the other parent or with other important people.
"So if you just say 'it's over and I hate him now so I don't want the child to see him', then one of the possible outcomes is the child will actually go into the primary care of the other parent."
Ms Ford says the laws have mostly had a positive impact.
"What's happened since those amendments is there's been a greater number of cases where people have been spending more time with their children," she said.
"Some can see that as being a good thing. Some may point to some decisions where that necessarily hasn't been a good thing.
"But what it has caused people to think about is well, my actions and who I am as a person is going to have some relevance towards what orders somebody makes which is in the best interests of my child and it's not about me and what my rights are, it's about what's appropriate for my children.
"That's really what this case struggled with."
Editor's note: (January 17) a related video has been removed as it was inaccurate and lacked balance.
Topics: family-law, family-and-children, courts-and-trials, australia, canberra-2600, sydney-2000
First posted November 24, 2011 18:49:16


Nowadays more and more older people compete with younger people for the same jobs
You should spend about 40 minutes on IELTS writing task 2.
Nowadays more and more older people compete with younger people for the same jobs. What can be the reasons for this? What would you suggest as a solution?
Give specific reason and explain them with examples from your own experience or knowledge.
You should write at least 250 words in IELTS writing task 2.
Question Overview
Topic : Job
Type : Reasons and Solution
Model Answer
Competition is indeed a significant mindset at a workplace which is more incidence between young and old employees. There are many reasons regarding this problem, and various measures could be taken by authorities to improve this situation.
More significant unemployment proportion along with the incursion of this innovative breakthrough would be the significant causes of increased competition amongst both old and young groups. Since individuals have confronted economic recession from the Earth, the unemployment rate is climbing, they are readier to keep the job they have, and kids compete with their older counterparts to find a fantastic job. At precisely the same time, due to the advanced technology, companies find the young generation more knowledgeable about higher qualifications. On the other hand, the feeling of competitiveness will appear at this stage because older adults believe that traditional and traditional methods are a lot more useful rather than substituted with novel ones.
Providing greater job possibilities and applying both young and old folks to train every other will be the keys to solving this dilemma. Governments must invest in generating job opportunities and employ or maintain the elderly who are experienced and skilled to prepare younger counterparts. Moreover, authorities can offer training classes for elderly employees to boost their technical understanding. As a result, older people may benefit from your younger to learn modern technology use at work.
In conclusion, the rivalry among the young and the elderly employees will likely be handled if both groups help each other to improve their weaknesses and to provide more job opportunities in society.
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Why are crazy people called nut jobs? Why are they called a job? Wiktionary is of no help here.
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8 Answers 8
up vote 27 down vote accepted
Maybe looking at its origin will help. SlangDictionary.com defines "nut-job" as:
a more recent variation of nut-case
"Nut-case" being:
a crazy person. A slang version of 'mental case' which spread from American speech into British usage at the end of the 1950s.
Thus, if "nut-job" was a mere variant of "nut-case", then, "job" would make sense. A "case" has two meanings:
a person or thing whose plight or situation calls for attention:
A piece of work, specifically defined within a profession.
The second meaning of "case" is synonymous with "job", and thus, in when "nut-case" was given a variation, its synonym "job" was taken and used. Thus, there would be a logical reason why "job" is used here.
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I agree - I think this is closer to the meaning that the other 'object of particular type' explanations. – tinyd Aug 23 '11 at 10:04
That's some piece of work you got there. – David Schwartz Aug 23 '11 at 11:00
I think that this sounds like a stretch. "Case" is not synonymous with "job", at least not within the medical profession where this supposedly originated. Having said that, I now understand why my father used to call me "a piece of work". – JeffSahol Aug 23 '11 at 12:44
"Case" in this context may have referred to a medical case, a patient with a particular ailment. To say that someone was a mental case was to say that that person was not physically ill but, well, nuts. – Beta Aug 23 '11 at 12:45
_USER_: case and job are synonymous when they mean "example thereof", which is the case here, so to speak. Speaking as a Brit I never heard of nut-job until this question. – FumbleFingers Aug 24 '11 at 4:44
This use is very similar to whack job and also similar to other slang uses of job such as "do a job on" or "a bank job" (meaning to rob a bank). Here, job just means something of a particular type.
"I got a new oven, one of those self-cleaning jobs."
"Use a real-dictionary, not one of those new-fangled online jobs."
You'll also find nut job used a lot in this same construction. "He's one of those right-wing conspiracy nut jobs."
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not sure bank job has the same meaning as the others as it really does seem to mean a task there – jk. Aug 23 '11 at 12:37
I think you're correct. 'Bank job' is like'some piece of work'. – David Schwartz Aug 23 '11 at 12:39
I can also think of a couple of rude 'x-job' expressions which are closer to the more 'task-oriented' interpretation :) – tinyd Aug 24 '11 at 10:17
Job here is used informally to refer to something of a certain kind. See for example the definition under object in the OALD or the definition under example in the CALD.
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This one may be more closely related to "jobber," which means a "person who does a particular job," but also gained an extended sense of "guy," or "fellow," e.g., "See that jobber over there." Over time, jobber may have been truncated to "job."
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I knew the etymology of "nut" from OED in that it can refer to the head. Etymology of "job" refers to "piece of work" from the 1550s (_URL_ I would guess the way that we slangily use "piece of work" to mean someone who doesn't make sense, "nut job" would logically follow as it is shorter than "nut piece of work"...
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As others have pointed out, this usage of "job" basically derives from "piece of work". It's not normally used of people, but it's been around a long time in slang. More commonly in the diminutive form jobbie, as in "A Blackberry is one of those hand-held jobbies".
All job really means here is "example" ("instance of"). In this slang usage there's no particular implication that the thing (or person, here) being referred to is either a task, or the end result of task-oriented labour.
Anyway, here's a chart to clarify that nutjob isn't really going anywhere... enter image description here
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Just don't use that diminutive form of job in Scotland - it has an entirely different meaning there especially given the example of it's usage here. – RoguePlanetoid Aug 24 '11 at 7:48
_USER_: I did know that usage. Here in Southern UK we don't often use it "naturally", but you do sometimes hear "jobbie" spoken in an exaggerated Glaswegan accent - though it's largely replaced by the US import "dump" nowadays. And I think "big jobs" has always had connotations of "baby-talk"; you rarely hear that except from children (or their mothers talking to them). – FumbleFingers Aug 24 '11 at 15:13
I'm a firm believer many words like these function as compound words. I would think to define the term by it's constituent parts.
Thus, a definition of a nut job could be a label for a person who acts nutty, loony, weird, "out of touch with the main-stream". Plus this behavior is burdensome to the people who interact with the person--exhausting, demanding, unavoidable, persistent, etc. Its work to be their friend or acquaintance.
What makes the phrase interesting it the word "job" may seem to refer to the person defined by their actions. The uses I've heard (and found below) are not synonymous with "nutcase". Again, using the compound word comparison, "nut case" would be: loony person + document case file = certifiable crazy person.
While "nut job": loony person + diminutive work = someone made crazy by their work. Here are two quick examples of politician and actor. Oddly, the male examples I found tended to use nutjob with examples of extreme antisocial behavior (criminals).
Maybe nutjob is a gendered slang term?
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Everyone was produced by a mother. That was a "job."
In the case of a "nut," the implication was that the "job" wasn't a very good one.
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protected by tchrist Sep 26 '12 at 18:45
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text:
Luctor et Emergo" is a heart-warming, true story about the author's parents and their loss of hearing at a young age. The Latin phrase "Luctor et Emergo" means "I struggle and overcome". This simple Latin expression was often quoted by the author's father, Horace E. Dean, and it sums up the theme of the book.
People can overcome the most difficult of circumstances in life if they will persevere. The book details the myriad of challenges the author's deaf parents faced throughout life and their persistent determination to overcome their disability and disappointments with their faith in God. This uplifting and sometimes humorous story of the indomitable nature of the human spirit will encourage young and old alike, especially those persons who are struggling with life's challenges.
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text:
NATIONAL FLAG MATCH
National Flag Match is an educational game for kids to practice matching countries with their national flags. A national flag will appear on the left and four countries will be listed on the right. Children must click on the country that matches the flag correctly to advance to another question.
Recommended for Grades: 3,4,5


Crea sito
How to make pasta fregola sarda
fregola cookedHow to make pasta fregola sarda: When we first opened The Big Dream Factory for business, it was journey into the ancient art of pasta making and we are by no means the experts. Along the way we have found and made many different types of pasta not normally seen at the supermarkets across America. Many of our pasta shapes are readily found in Italy but what would you know … not so pasta fregola sarda!
Anna who has arrived from Italy, is putting us through out pasta paces and is introducing us to the more obscure pasta. We are so excited to be able to bring you pasta fregola sarda because not only is it little known in America, it is little known in Italy too.
cutting the pasta fregola sarda
So what is pasta fregola sarda? Despite its appearance, 'fregula' (which is it's original name) is not a grain, but an ancient form of pasta from the island of Sardinia, where it has been popular since Ligurian navigators imported it from North Africa in the Middle Ages. It has been suggested that the word 'fregula' (or fregola) derives from the Latin word 'fricare', meaning 'to chop up', 'little fragment', 'crumb'. The durum semolina is traditionally formed by hand using the same method for making couscous. However, unlike couscous, the fregola is toasted. As it browns, it dries giving the fregola the appearance of tiny grains, it also imparts a wonderful nutty, wheaty flavour.
drying fregola sarda
Fregola remains a staple in the Sardinian kitchen and is commercially produced. Here at The Big Dream Factory we make them completely from scratch. Since we have experience in making our own couscous from scratch and by hand, we decided that it would be better for us to create fregula using one of our small pasta machines. VOILA!!
fregola cooked
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text:
The oldest Chinatown in Canada is the one in Victoria, British Columbia. Victoria's Chinatown is also the second oldest in North America.
This article contains the following information about Victoria's Chinatown:
Victoria's Chinatown Neighbourhood
Chinatown comprises about three or so blocks in downtown Victoria. The neighbourhood is full of Chinese restaurants, Asian-style shops and heritage buildings.
Where is Chinatown?
Chinatown is a historic area of Victoria between Douglas Street and Store Street.
At the core of Chinatown are the two blocks along Fisgard Street between Government Street and Store Street. There are also a few Chinese-influenced buildings and restaurants in the block between Douglas and Government streets, and for a block or so along Government Street itself. There is also Fan Tan Alley which runs between Fisgard Street and Pandora Avenue.
What to Expect in Chinatown
You can expect to see a number of Chinese restaurants including a couple of the city's most famous and popular ones in Victoria's Chinatown. Visitors will also find a couple of shops selling vegetables and Chinese groceries, and a number of stores full of souvenirs, clothing and various other Asian products. You'll also likely encounter a few shopkeepers whose first language is, no doubt, Chinese.
Chinatown isn't large. It's actually quite tiny, and far smaller than Vancouver's Chinatown. Both Chinatowns contain quaint, older buildings and lots of history. Both neighbourhoods are also popular destinations for sightseeing busses which often drive through the areas.
At the entrance to the main part of Victoria's Chinatown, at the corner of Fisgard Street and Douglas Street, is the Gate of Harmonious Interest. The gate looks like it might be quite old, but was actually built in 1981.
Fan Tan Alley
Between the 500 block of Fisgard Street and the 500 block of Pandora Avenue is Fan Tan Alley. This unique place is known as the narrowest street in all of Canada.
Fan Tan Alley is a neat shopping street with several locally-owned stores. The shops are small in size but each offers something different. Products available in Fan Tan Alley range from ice cream and other treats to vintage records and trendy clothing.
Another key feature of Fan Tan Alley is its architecture. A significant amount of the exterior has a brick finish. The old buildings appear extra tall thanks to the street's narrow width.
(Trivia: If you've ever seen the movie Bird on a Wire you might remember seeing Mel Gibson, or more likely his stunt double, riding a motorcycle down Fan Tan Alley.)
A place to definitely check out in Fan Tan Alley is the Chinese Canadian Museum. The museum's main location is in Vancouver. In Victoria, however, they also have a location at #10-14 Fan Tan Alley. As of December, 2023, the museum in Victoria is open Thursdays to Sundays between 11:00 am and 5:00 pm. The last entry is at 4:30 pm. Whereas you have to pay to see the Chinese Canadian Museum in Vancouver, admission to the place in Victoria is by donation. To learn more, visit the chinesecanadianmuseum.ca website.
Chinese Restaurants in Chinatown
The following places to eat are some of the best Chinese restaurants in Victoria. They are all located within the city's historic Chinatown district.
- Bao – a Chinese-Japanese fusion restaurant that offers traditional street food at 626 Fisgard Street.
- The Cozy Place Restaurant – a small but highly-rated Chinese restaurant located at 1692 Douglas Street.
- Don Mee – a popular old-fashioned Chinese restaurant in the middle of Victoria's Chinatown at 538 Fisgard Street.
A highly-rated Cantonese and Szechuan restaurant is J & J Wonton Noodle House. The restaurant is about a 20-minute walk from Chinatown at 1012 Fort Street. Still worth checking out, though.
The History of Chinatown in Victoria
Victoria's Chinatown is one of the oldest in North America. Construction within the city began in the 1800s when miners arrived in British Columbia in search of gold. Chinese immigrants came to the area, and many began building what they could at the time.
During the 1880s, over the course of construction, Canada employed thousands of men to build the Canadian Pacific Railway. As many as 6,500 of the workers, or over half of the total, were of Chinese origin. Whether arriving from California or directly from China, Victoria was their main port of entry. Those who were able to afford bringing their families along with them helped Victoria develop a large Chinese population.
Over time, the basic buildings in Chinatown were reconstructed to meet the needs of the community. Public stores, schools and other necessary buildings were constructed in the area. By the early 1900s, Chinatown was home to about 3,000 individuals.
Despite the overall decrease in size and population in the years that followed, Victoria's Chinatown remains one of the city's most visited attractions to this day. While much of the area has evolved over time, some features of the buildings have been preserved. The distinct Chinese architecture sets it apart from the rest of Victoria.
Other Places of Interest in the Area
Chinatown is a tiny part of town, but it's worth visiting, especially as it's close to other interesting places in the heart of Victoria. The entire area is full of heritage buildings and interesting restaurants, shops and boutiques.
Nearby places of interest include the following:
- Market Square
- Centennial Square and Victoria's City Hall
- The Songhees Walkway (on the other side of the Johnson Street Bridge)
- MacPherson Playhouse Theatre
- Government Street
- Bastion Square
To learn about BC's other most famous and historically significant Chinatown neighbourhood see Vancouver's Chinatown. And the next time you're in Vancouver, be sure to check out the Chinese Canadian Museum which opened in the summer of 2023.
Other articles that might be of interest include the following:


text:
Gmail Child Account
I was visiting a friend the other day and his young child was complaining that she wanted an e-mail address. She wanted one to keep in touch with her aunt and uncle, who had told her to e-mail them. My friend explained to her that she could use his, but she wanted one with her name in it. My friend was wary of creating one for her, because of all the bad spam she'd get and he also wondered how he would be able to monitor her account.
Well, when I went home, I did some research and found out that users of the Gmail e-mail program can create a parent and child account. Cool, huh?! Read on for some more details.
If you want to create a sub-account (child account), just follow these directions:
1.) Log in to your Gmail account.
2.) In the upper right hand corner, click Settings.
3.) Select the link that says Accounts. Below that, select the link that says "Add another e-mail address."
4.) When asked what e-mail address you'd like, type your Gmail user name, followed by a plus sign and the name of the child's account, with no spaces. For example, if your Gmail address was _EMAIL_ and the child's name was Jenna, you'd type in _EMAIL_. When you have finished, click the Next Step button.
5.) Now, when your child goes to compose an e-mail, in the From: drop down menu, they can select their account instead of yours.
Any messages or replies sent to that account will appear in your Inbox and you can tell your child when they have a new message. It's the perfect way to give your child what they want, but still keep a close eye on what they do while on the Internet.
You can even create multiple child accounts. Heck, they don't even necessarily have to be for a child. They can be for whatever you like!
Not a shabby deal, huh?!
~ Neil Patel


text:
To access the Speed Tables tools, click the button on the main toolbar.
You will see this toolbar appear on the top left of the plan view window:
This example shows a raised table on a road, with start and end ramps of 2m length, and table height of 10cm.
Select this button to add a new speed table onto a road.
You will be prompted to select a road from the drawing. As you move the mouse cursor the nearest road centreline is highlighted. Click to select. The speed table properties window is shown:
As soon as the properties window appears, you can start picking a start and end chainage for the speedtable. Please note, you do not have to click Pick first.
After you have chosen the start and end chainages, if you wish to alter the values, you can simply type in new values or click the appropriate Pick button and visually choose a new chainage from the drawing again.
This is the road centreline chainage of the bottom of the ramp. You can use the Pick button to select the chainage from the drawing.
The road surface linearly rises to meet the specified table height over this ramp length.
This is the vertical thickness of the central part of the raised area of the table (the height of the table above the standard road surface).
If this option is selected the raised table will extend into the secondary channel instead of stopping at the primary channel.
Example showing extend into secondary channel enabled.
Example showing extend into secondary channel disabled.
This example shows what the speed table looks like in 3D with extend into secondary channel enabled.
The speed table includes the secondary channel upstand and the ramps also extend into the secondary channel.
Select this option to view or modify the properties of a Speed Table.
You will be prompted to select an existing speed table. As you move the cursor over the drawing the closest speed table will highlight with a red border. Click near the table for which you want to see the properties. The properties window is shown:
You can set any of the properties, as explained above for a new speed table.
Select this option to remove a speed table from the drawing.
You will be prompted to select an existing speed table. As you move the cursor over the drawing the closest speed table will highlight with a red border. Click near the table you want to delete and it will disappear.
Note: If necessary, the Undo facility can be used to put the table back.


Now I have pleiades raster (img.tif) and a RPC model (rpc.XML). In the rpc.XML, there are the following lines which can be used to reset geo information.
And I use the following code to reset geo info of img.tif with the value below.
xmin = 7.393918390116374
ymin = 46.89414037853461
xmax = 7.531577540047203
ymax = 46.98982504658424
first_col = 1
last_col = 18665
first_row = 1
last_row = 19676
def set_geo_info(in_path, out_path, xmin, ymin, xmax, ymax,
 first_row, first_col, last_row, last_col, *args):
 xmin, ymin, xmax, ymax are the longitude and latitude.
 print('Set Geo Information...')
 xres = (xmax - xmin) / (last_col - first_col + 1)
 yres = (ymax - ymin) / (last_row - first_row + 1)
 ds = gdal.Open(in_path)
 band = ds.GetRasterBand(1)
 arr = band.ReadAsArray()
 [y, x] = arr.shape
 driver = gdal.GetDriverByName("GTiff")
 outdata = driver.Create(out_path, x, y, 1, gdal.GDT_UInt16)
 outdata = None
 arr = None
 band = None
 ds = None
The result is kind of correct, but not entirely.
Position shifting wrt shapefile (WGS84)
As you can see, the red line is a shapefile (EPSG21781), while the railway in the result is not entirely overlap with shapefile. The distance of shifting is not consistent for this whole image. The displacement is larger near the edge of this image.
My questions:
 1. Am I heading the right direction to reset geo information?
 2. If 1. is correct, I guess the value which I fed into the gdal is wrong. How do I find the correct value from RPC model (rpc.XML)?
 3. If 1. and 2. is wrong, how do I do it in a right way?
 - Why downvote? Please criticize so I can improve my asking skill. – Lion Lai Jan 18 '19 at 18:14
You can warp the image using the RPCs directly with GDAL, e.g.
gdalwarp -r cubic -to RPC_DEM=my_dem.tif -rpc -t_srs epsg:4326 my_DIMAP_file.XML my_dimap_file_warped.tif
In order to get a good result it is advisable to use a high resolution DEM. You can do the same programmatically if you prefer by using gdal.Warp()
 - Thank you. It works, although there's still small displacement, but it's better than before. I use python elevation packge to download DEM. I think it's the reason why there is still small displacement in the output. – Lion Lai Jan 29 '19 at 13:53
 - I don't know the details of the product that you have, but it is quite possible that it is a so-called "Ortho-ready" product ( see orfeo-toolbox.org/CookBook/recipes/… ) which means the RPCs were created by projecting to a constant height instead of a DEM. In that case the positional accuracy that can be achieved would indeed be limited. – Markus M. Jan 30 '19 at 6:08
Your Answer


text:
Written by: Annie Musgrove
Clarity AI, a startup founded by Spanish entrepreneur Rebeca Minguela has raised $15 million in funding to develop tech that analyses the social impact of companies and investments. The round was led by Deutsche Börse and Mundi Ventures.
Part of the environmental, social and governance (ESG) world, Clarity AI helps investors understand the impact of their portfolios through a proprietary technology platform. The platform uses machine learning and big data — data from more than 30,000 companies, 198 countries, 187 local governments and over 200,000 funds — to assess sustainability and provide clear reports.
Read more here


text:
Ultrafast Dynamics of Isolated Phenylcarbenes Followed by Femtosecond Time-Resolved Velocity Map Imaging
journal contributionposted on 02.04.2009, 00:00 by Bastian Noller, Lionel Poisson, Raman Maksimenka, Oliver Gobert, Ingo Fischer, J. M. Mestdagh
The ultrafast dynamics of two carbene model systems, chlorophenylcarbene (CPC) and trifluoromethylphenylcarbene (TFPC), has been studied in a molecular beam. Velocity map imaging aids optimizing the pyrolysis conditions for a clean generation of reactive intermediates by supersonic jet flash pyrolysis. The dynamics was followed in real time by time-resolved mass spectroscopy and photoion and photoelectron imaging. CPC was excited at 265 nm into the 3 1A′ state, corresponding to excitation from a π-orbital of the aromatic ring into the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital, which contains the p-orbital at the carbene center. The experimental results suggest a three step deactivation process in agreement with computations. TFPC exhibits two absorption bands in the 36000 cm−1 and 41000 cm−1 range and gives rise to very similar dynamics, although it has a triplet ground state. The experimental data were augmented by computations.


text:
A Laser-based Time Calibration System
for the MEG II Timing Counter
We have developed a new laser-based time calibration system for the MEG II timing counter dedicated to timing measurement of positrons. The detector requires precise timing alignment between 500 scintillation counters. In this study, we present the calibration system which can directly measure the time offset of each counter relative to the laser-synchronized pulse. We thoroughly tested all the optical components and the uncertainty of this method is estimated to be 24 ps. In 2017, we installed the full system into the MEG II environment and performed a commissioning run. This method shows excellent stability and consistency with another method. The proposed system provides a precise timing alignment for SiPM-based timing detectors. It also has potential in areas such as TOF-PET.
Lepton flavor violating decays are powerful tools to search for new physics beyond the standard model. The MEG II experiment at Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI) in Switzerland will search for one of these decays,, with a sensitivity of improving the existing limit of almost an order of magnitude. The sensitivity of MEG, the first phase of the experiment, was limited by the detector performance. The beam intensity was reduced to satisfy the requirements of stable operation of the detectors. Therefore, in order to make full use of the available beam intensity of, we developed new detectors with resolutions in energy, position, and timing improved by a factor of two. In particular, good time resolution plays an important role to reduce the dominant background that depends quadratically on the beam intensity. The pixelated Timing Counter (pTC), one of the key detectors in MEG II, is dedicated to the measurement of the positron timing. Its design is based on a new approach to improve the time resolution: the multiple hit scheme. The pTC consists of 512 scintillation counters (Fig. 1) and is divided into two equal sectors: one placed upstream the MEG II target and the other downstream. Each counter, with a size of 40 (50) 120 5 mm, consists of a fast plastic scintillator (SAINT-GOBAIN, BC422) read out by six series-connected silicon photomultipliers (SiPM, AdvanSiD, ASD-NUV3S-P High-Gain, 3 3 mm, 50 50 m, V24 V) at both short ends. Signal positrons hit 9 counters on overage and the total time resolution is expected to improve with the number of hit counters. This approach enables us to achieve a time resolution of 35 ps, two times better than in MEG. Exploiting the multiple hit scheme requires a precise relative time calibration between counters, which is a challenging task. We have developed a new time calibration method using a pulsed laser and commercially available optical components. This method measures directly the time offsets for the timing alignment.
Ii Overview of the laser-based time calibration system
The laser-based time calibration system is shown in Fig. 2. The laser pulse ("Laser controller" and "Laser head") is split into each scintillation counter simultaneously via several optical components: a mode scrambler, optical splitters, and optical fibers. The laser device is produced by Hamamatsu with a part number of PLP-10 and has the following features: wavelength: 401 nm, pulse duration: 60(typical)–100(max) ps, peak power: 200 mW. The mode scrambler produced by OPTO SCIENCE, INC. stabilizes transmission mode in a fiber. The optical switch produced by LEONI switches light paths. Optical splitters divide the input light into several channels. 1 to 2 splitter is produced by OZ OPTICS and the others are produced by Lightel Technologies Inc. We use multimode and graded index fibers with a core diameter of 50 m and a cladding diameter of 125 m. There are produced by OZ OPTICS (for 2.5 m) and Lightel Technologies Inc. (for 10 m). The selection of these items was based on a detailed study presented in. To get enough laser power for each counter, one-eighth of counters () are illuminated at one data taking. The time offset of each counter is measured relative to laser-synchronized pulse. We have developed a new method to fix an optical fiber into the scintillator: a small hole with a diameter of 2.5 mm and with a depth of 1 mm is drilled into the bottom long side of the scintillator and a polycarbonate screw (at the bottom in Fig. 1), which has a fiber-shaped hole inside, fixes the optical fiber together with the black support bar made of ABS resin. Slow control tasks such as monitoring temperatures, controlling the laser, and switching the optical switch are performed based on the Midas Slow Control System developed at PSI and TRIUMF.
Iii Research and development
We focused on the following items in research and development of the laser calibration system.
Iii-a Fiber insertion method
Firstly, we confirmed that the hole in the scintillator does not degrade the time resolution. Then we considered whether we should put optical grease inside the hole expecting better optical contact. However, it turned out that the time offset depends on the amount of the grease. The amount of grease during the assembly could not be reproduced satisfactorily. Therefore, we decided not to use optical grease. We checked the reproducibility: the fiber was inserted and the time offset was measured repeatedly. The reproducibility of the time offset is highly satisfying (3.8 ps in standard deviation). The stability was also confirmed during the commissioning phase (Sect. IV).
Iii-B Temperature dependence
Time offset of all optical components depends significantly on temperature. We measured the temperature coefficient of the whole system to be 7.61.5 ps/C. The main contribution was from the "SYNC signal" cable (RG174/U) in Fig. (a)a; we will replace it with another cable with a smaller temperature coefficient (FSJ1-50A) before the engineering run in 2018. In addition, the temperature in the detector area is expected to be stabilized within 1 C, thus the temperature effect on the time offset will be negligible.
Iii-C Mass test
All optical components including 600 fibers and 80 splitters, were tested before installation. Particularly the optical length in the optical splitter has a large difference among different production batches. However, it does not affect the performance because this difference of optical length up to counter are subtracted from the time offset.
Iii-D Uncertainty of the system
Finally, the uncertainty of the laser calibration is calculated to be 24 ps by summing up all the contributions which can affect the time offset such as transit time variation inside the SiPMs, reproducibility of fiber insertion method, and statistical uncertainty in the mass test. A detailed study of the mass test and an estimation of the uncertainty are presented in.
Iv Commissioning and performance
In 2016 one-fourth of the system was operated and we reported the result in. In 2017 we finished the construction and the assembly of the pTC and then we installed it into the MEG II experimental area at PSI to operate it under the MEG II beam (7). Data with positrons from Michel decay () were collected for two weeks and the detector was operated for two months. The time offset calculated with this method was stable enough over time (2.5 ps in standard deviation for one month). As shown in Fig. 3, this method was compared with another calibration method, which uses positron tracks, and they are in good agreement within 50 ps.
We have developed the laser-based time calibration system for the MEG II pTC with an uncertainty of 24 ps. The time offset calculated with this method is stable enough for the detector operation. In addition, the consistency of the time offset was checked with another method. Laser-based methods for TOF detectors in the past were commisioned only for plastic scintillator detectors with photomultiplier tube read-out; however, SiPM read-out enables us to design more compact and flexible timing detectors and the rapid development of SiPM technology suggests that scintillation detector with SiPM read-out will be extensively used in a wide variety of applications. Therefore, laser-based time calibration methods are expected to become more and more widespread. Furthermore, this method is precise enough to be compatible with the multiple hit scheme. It also has potential in areas such as Time-Of-Flight positron emission tomography (TOF-PET). The full engineering run of the MEG II experiment will start in 2019 followed by the physics run, searching for the lepton flavor violating muon decay.
- A.M. Baldini, et al., "The design of the MEG II experiment", Eur. Phys. J. C (2018) 78: 380, arXiv:1801.04688
- Y. Uchiyama, et al., "30-ps Time Resolution with Segmented Scintillation Counter for MEG II", Nucl. Instrum. Methods A, 845:507–510, 2017.
- R. Bertoni, et al., "A laser diode based system for calibration of fast time-of-flight detectors". J. Instrum., 11(05):P05024, 2016.
- MIDAS website: midas.triumf.ca
- M. Rossella, et al., "Design and test of the calibration system of the MEGII Pixelated timing Counter", Nucl. Instrum. Methods A,


What is a Nose Rider?
A nose rider is a popular option for AXYZ CNC routers. It is a relatively simple accessory which fits onto the bottom of the routing spindle and fixes its position relative to the pressure foot. The end result of this is to effectively 'lock' the height of the spindle to the surface of the material. The final depth of cut into the material is determined by how far the router bit is protruding from the lower face of the pressure foot. The nose rider includes an adjustable ring which allows very fine tuning of the vertical position of the spindle relative to the pressure foot and therefore the cut depth.
When to use a Nose Rider?
The primary reason for using a nose rider is when an application requires an accurate and constant cut depth when measured from the surface of the material.
If the sacrificial bed of the machine is absolutely flat and if the thickness of the material being processed is accurate and consistent then there should be no need to use a nose rider. However, if either of these cases is in doubt then the nose rider provides an excellent means of simple yet accurate compensation.
One example of this is engraving. For best visual results, engraving demands a very consistent depth of cut and quite often materials to be engraved are not consistent in their thickness and can vary by as much as 1.5mm over the area of a sheet. Even if the material does have a consistent thickness, any minor variations in bed flatness can spoil a fine engraving job. The nose rider will easily compensate in these situations and ensure constant depth engraving over the entire bed area.
Another example is when V-grooving composite materials which need to be folded. The depth of cut is quite critical in order to ensure consistent fold lines and final visual appearance. The AXYZ PANELBuilder machines which are designed for panel fabrication applications are almost always supplied with a nose rider accessory.
How to use a Nose Rider?
This video shows how a nose rider can be fitted and adjusted on an AXYZ machine.
Author: Ged Lodge is an Applications Specialist for AXYZ, a global manufacturer of CNC router and knife systems. Ged has over 10 years' experience with AXYZ and over 25 years' experience with CNC routers.


text:
Final dimensions and diameter of tunnel: at least 3 m
The starting elevation of the tunnel corresponding to hydraulic profile of the main transmission line: 620 m above the sea level
The end elevation of the tunnel corresponding to the hydraulic profile of the main transmission line: 608 m above sea level
Hydraulic slope of the tunnel route: 0.2
The total length of the access road to the tunnel entrance: approximately 1120 m
The length of the pipeline to the proposed tunnel entrance point: about 346 m
The approximate length of the tunnel: about 5632 m
The length of pipeline from the tunnel to the water treatment plant: about 5743 m. Of this, about 1170 m is the length of the access road to the entrance to the tunnel.
The required road width for connecting paths to the starting point of the inlet trench and from the end of outlet trench Abbas Abad forest road is 5 m.


Return to Headlines
"Extreme risk" level: What it means for SPS
How might Lane County's "extreme risk" designation affect SPS teaching and learning?
Overview + what it means for SPS
Lane County is set to move back to the "extreme risk" category on Friday, April 30, after positive Covid-19 cases have been on the rise for the past few weeks. The change in county risk designation does not directly affect schools or school schedules.
Public school districts in Oregon are required to follow positive case-based guidance defined by the Oregon Department of Education developed in conjunction with the Oregon Health Authority. As part of the state guidance, school districts are encouraged to maintain current in-person learning if it's already in place stating that schools "should not reduce in-person instruction or revert to comprehensive distance learning based on county metrics if the school can demonstrate the ability to limit transmission in the school environment."
Metrics breakdown
Public elementary schools have the option to limit in-person learning if positive case levels reach more than 350 positive cases per 100,000 people over the course of 14 days. However, when cases are below that threshold, public elementary schools are required to offer either on-site or hybrid learning options.
The guidance for middle and high schools is slightly different and provides schools with the option to switch to comprehensive distance learning to limit transmission, if necessary, when county case levels reach more than 200 cases per 100,000 people over 14 days (a slightly lower threshold).
Schools are not required to switch to comprehensive distance learning at any point except potentially on an isolated school-to-school basis to curb transmission. This decision would be made by district staff as recommended by district health professionals. Under current guidance, SPS likely would not return to district-wide remote learning.
As of April 28, Lane County Covid-19 case rates had reached 214 cases per 100,000 and a 3.5 percent test positivity rate.
To learn more about the specific metrics or view the metric guidance, visit


text:
Social Media and Advocacy Campaign – Commit to Inclusion Africa.
International Campaign on Physical Activities for Children with Disabilities in Africa is spearheaded by Integrated Youth Volunteer Foundation (IYVF).
1) that the rights of children and adolescents with disabilities to physical activity, PE and sport are recognized across the UN system,
2) that there is global recognition that 'enough is enough' and NOW is the time to make physical activity, PE and sport inclusive for ALL children and adolescents. The first is about ensuring key frameworks coming out of the UN system, namely from UNESCO on PE, WHO on health and disability, and the post-2015 agenda acknowledge the rights of children with disabilities in these domains. The timeline is on-going as we have to wait and see when critical discussions and decisions will take place.
The second result is based on the fact that we have appropriate policies in place – e.g. CRPD Article 30.5 – but they are not being realized and thus we want to remind key decision-makers that they exist and we will provide examples of how they can and are being achieved. Since the Task Force is made up of volunteers, we will be leveraging existing platforms and resources to launch a social media and advocacy campaign in Africa to achieve the second result.
Our Vision, Mission,Strategy Identity
Commit to Inclusion Africa, is a coalition of, not-for-profit, African organization working with Children with Disabilities on PhysicalActivities to meet the sustainable development goal supported by Commit to Inclusion.
Commit to Inclusion Africa aims to:
Commit to Inclusion Africa objectives:
Our work is inspired by universal values, informed by global experiences and knowledge, and guided by the needs and conditions of Commit to Inclusion _URL_. Above all, in partnership with other rights-based organizations in Africa and around the world, we aspire to contribute to the effort to make an 'Africa fit for children with disabilities '.
Our vision is that every African child with disability will be able to lead a healthy life and contribute to the emergence of a peaceful, democratic and prosperous continent that can overcome marginalization in a globalized world.
Commit to Inclusion Africa mission is to put African children with Disabilities on the public agenda, through the promotion of physical activity, PE and sport inclusive for ALL children and adolescents.
Our Programmes and Projects
Guided by Commit to Inclusion Programmes of Work document, Towards an Era of Accountability for children with disabilities in Africa 2015, Commit to Inclusion Africa pursues its work in the following strategic areas:
-Monitoring government performance and child with disability wellbeing
-Promoting legal justice and access to children with disability.
-Strengthening the families with children with disabilities and social protection mechanisms.


Nutrition during specific periods of the life cycle Ernährung in bestimmten Perioden des Lebenszyklus Nutrición durante períodos específicos del ciclo vital
Nutrition during specific periods of the life cycle
Biomanantial
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Nutrition during specific periods of the life cycle
The nutritional requirements differ to some extent during the different periods of life. Women of reproductive age have additional needs because of menstruation and, of course, during pregnancy and lactation. Babies and children have higher needs per unit weight than adults, mainly because they are growing. Older people are a vulnerable group, are exposed to greater risk of malnutrition than younger adults.
Deficiency diseases are prevalent in specific population groups. (The diseases are described and discussed in Part III.) This chapter discusses the various energy needs of people in various life stages.
Humans get energy from food and liquids they consume. The nutrient requirement of women of reproductive age (especially during pregnancy and breastfeeding), children and young adolescents, and older people are different from those of men between 15 and 60 years, so not everyone needs the same amount of food.
Women of reproductive age
Women of reproductive age have more nutritional needs than men adults. One reason is that blood loss during menstruation leads to a regular loss of iron and other nutrients, and that women are more prone than men to anemia (see Chapter 13). Moreover, in many developing countries women are much stronger than men. In rural areas, are usually very involved in agriculture and in urban areas, work long hours in factories and other places, at home, field or factory, still have much work to do at home including food preparation and childcare. Often the burden of collecting water and fuel falls on women. All this work increases the nutritional needs of energy and other nutrients.
Nutritional status of women before, during and after pregnancy contributes to their own welfare, but also to their children and other family members. The field of maternal nutrition focuses attention on women as mothers. Often focuses on nutritional status as it relates primarily to the welfare of children and their capacity to engender nurse, sustenance and care. The health and welfare of the mother as such have been relatively neglected. This is so, the field of maternal health and child emphasize providing services and care of women so that they can have successful pregnancies and lactation, also in the interest of the child, without caring much for the mother. The dual function of the women as mothers and productive workers is affected by poor diet and ill health, not just their own welfare but for the whole family. The excessive burden of work can lead to women with low food consumption at the edge of malnutrition.
A poor diet, infections and some common acute chronic, repeated pregnancy, lactation and an excessive burden of work, are factors that can contribute to serious physiological exhaustion and sometimes malnutrition. It has been suggested the term "maternal depletion syndrome." In many countries young women before the age of 20 are happy, healthy and attractive, but 10 or 15 years later, still young at the end of their thirties, are prematurely aged, exhausted, sick and discouraged. Often, young women cannot even reach the 20 years without having a first pregnancy. Figure 3 illustrates the months of pregnancy and lactation a woman in Kenya, not to represent the African mothers, it is not atypical.
Pregnancy
During pregnancy the nutritional needs of women are higher than in other stages of life. The diet should provide all the necessary elements for growing the fertilized egg or ovum, becoming a viable fetus and then a baby to term (see Table 4). As the female feeds on itself also nourishes the growing fetus and placenta that binds to the fetus by the umbilical cord in utero. At the same time their breast tissue is prepared for breastfeeding.
During the first half of pregnancy is needed additional food for the mother's uterus, breasts and blood - all of them increase in size or quantity - as for the growth of the placenta. The increased need for food continues in the latter half of pregnancy, but during the last quarter, additional nutrients are especially needed for the rapidly growing fetus, which also needs to store some nutrients, especially vitamin A, iron and other micronutrients, and energy by storing fat. A proper diet during pregnancy helps the mother to gain additional weight that is physiologically desirable weight and to ensure the baby's birth.
Healthy women gain weight during pregnancy if they do not work too much. As a heavy person needs more energy to perform the same amount of physical work that a thin person, a pregnant woman also needs more energy. In industrialized countries, many women have an easy life during pregnancy, rest frequently and therefore reduce their energy needs. However, in much of Africa and some other regions, pregnant women are still active, even during the last months of pregnancy (Photo 4). The basal metabolic rate (BMR) almost always increases during pregnancy, which increases further the energy needs. Therefore, most women need more energy when they are pregnant, including those not working excessively. Women's overloaded in the developing world with little food and insufficient rest, weight loss is a real and dangerous possibility.
No doubt that abortions, losses and stillbirths are more common in poorly nourished women than in those with good nutrition. Dietary deficiencies may also increase the risk of fetal malformations. Acute malnutrition reduces fertility and thus the likelihood of conception. A woman with severe malnutrition stops menstruating. This is clearly a natural device to stop the loss of nutrients in the menstrual flow and to protect women from the rigors of pregnancy and childbirth. However, it is not clear lack of fertility in undernourished women as less serious. Moderately malnourished women are the majority in parts of Asia and Africa.
Nutrition of the mother influences the child's weight at birth: malnourished mothers can only expect low weight babies. Even a modest increase in energy consumption during pregnancy tends to increase the child's weight at birth.
In many developing countries from 50 to 75 percent of pregnant women have anemia. Anemia often contributes to high maternal mortality rates. All pregnant women must attend a clinic at regular intervals to undergo a prenatal test, which should include checking the levels of hemoglobin. They should receive practical advice on nutrition, taking into account the foods that are available in the locality and who may become mothers. It is generally accepted policy in many countries that pregnant women should be advised to take supplements of medicinal iron, or sometimes iron-folate.
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on 23/03/2014
I am still too young to have children but this is an important topic that I should check once I decide or even know because now I understand that women need different types of food and quantity depending on their state of course when you are pregnant but when you are young too, and even old?
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Cellulite ... Tips, Food and Dietary Supplements
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P$, but not the values of $e_1$ and $e_2$. (I think - I'm still not completely sure I haven't misunderstood the question.) – Matt Pressland Sep 11 '12 at 10:20

@MattPressland Yeah, I agree. Let's see if we can get the OP to improve the question. – rschwieb Sep 11 '12 at 12:33
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As I understand your question, it is somehow similar to this:How to check if a point is inside a rectangle. I see that my answer (while received no votes), may be correct and may be simply applied in your case.
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Where is your answer? – Jordi Planadecursach Oct 4 '12 at 22:37

To locate my answer, please do a find on my name after you have clicked the link. – Emmad Kareem Oct 4 '12 at 23:37
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One (far-from-optimal, but straightforward) way to do it: since you have the box's coordinates available, you also presumably have the four corners of the box available. Now, knowing $P$'s distances from the two points along one edge lets you narrow down the point's location to one of two points $i_1$ and $i_2$ (since the two circles $|P-p_1|=r_1$ and $|P-p_2|=r_2$ have at most two intersection points). Similarly, knowing $P$'s distance from the two points along the other edge narrows down its location to one of two points $i_3$ and $i_4$. (If you really want, I can flesh this out with the equations for those two points - but it's straightforward to find them yourself; it's just a bit of algebra or alternately a bit of geometry) Now, the kicker: the two sets of two points can't be the same, because $i_2$ is the reflection of $i_1$ about the edge $p_1p_2$ and $i_3$ is the reflection of $i_4$ about a different edge $p_3p_4$. This means that you can compare to determine which of the points $i_1,i_2$ is identical to which point $i_3,i_4$ and that's enough to get your point precisely. Once you have that, the standard point-in-rectangle tests should suffice.
Note that for algorithmic reasons, once you have $i_1$ and $i_2$ you may want to perform the point-in-rectangle test on both of them; they can't both be in the rectangle, but it's possible that they're both out of the rectangle, in which case you don't have to bother going on and finding $i_3$ and $i_4$.
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The distance measurement from any point gives you a circle around that point as a locus of possible positions of $P$. Make any such measurement from a point $A$. If the question is not settled after this (i.e. if the circle crosses the boundary of the rectangle), make a measurement from any other point $B$. The two intersecting circles leave only two possibilities for the location of $P$. If you are lucky, both options are inside or both outside the rectnagle and we are done. Otherwise, a third measurement taken form any point $C$ not collinear with $A$ and $B$ will settle the question of exact position of $P$ (and after that we easily see if $P$ is inside or not.
One may wish to choose the first point $A$ in an "optimal" faschion such that the probability of a definite answer is maximized. While this requires knowledge about soem a prioi distribution where $P$ might be, the center of the rechtangle seems like a good idea. The result is nondecisive only if the measured distance is between half the smallest side of the rectangle and half the diagonal of the rectangle.
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Measure distances from the four corners of the rectangle.
Consider the four triangles formed from P and the four sides of the rectangle.
Apply the Law of Cosines to measure the angles of the four triangles next to the sides of the rectangle.
If any is larger than 90 degrees then you are outside. Otherwise you are inside.
EDIT 1:
Suppose your rectangle is $EFGH$ where the sides are $d(EF)=d(HG)=x$ and $d(FG)=d(EH)=y$.
Let the distance of $P$ from $E,F,G,H$ be $e,f,g,h$ respectively.
Now by Law of Cosines applied to angle $EHP=\alpha$ we have $\cos (\alpha) = (y^2+h^2-e^2)/(2yh)$. If the angle is larger than $90^\circ$ then $y^2+h^2-e^2<0$. We need to apply a similar check 8 times. If any of the expressions is negative then we are outside. Else we are inside (or on boundary). So you have to check the sign of 8 expressions.
If either of the following
$y^2+h^2-e^2$, $y^2+e^2-h^2$, $x^2+e^2-f^2$, $x^2+f^2-e^2$, $y^2+f^2-g^2$, $y^2+g^2-f^2$, $x^2+g^2-h^2$, $x^2+h^2-g^2$
is negative $P$ is outside.
EDIT 2:
In case efficiency is a consideration: To test that $P$ is inside, or on the border, checking with respect to 3 sides will do. So it takes 6 inequalities. For example
$y^2+h^2-e^2\ge 0$, and $y^2+e^2-h^2\ge 0$, and
$x^2+e^2-f^2\ge 0$, and $x^2+f^2-e^2\ge 0$, and
$y^2+f^2-g^2\ge 0$, and $y^2+g^2-f^2\ge 0$.
EDIT 3:
A similar approach will work for checking with respect to a convex polygon.
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can you translate that into a boolean equation ? – Jordi Planadecursach Oct 8 '12 at 20:33

I added a formulation. – Maesumi Oct 8 '12 at 22:17
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You have the coordinates of the four corners of the box. I'll imagine that the box is situated so its sides are horizontal or vertical (This could be easily obtained by a rotation if box wasn't originally like this). So you can also get the coordinates of:
$p_M$, the center of the box (inside the box),
$p_L$, the point directly to the left of the center so that the left side of the box bisects the line joining $p_M$ to $p_L$,
$p_R$, the point directly to the right of the center so the right side of the box bisects the line joining $p_M$ to $p_R$,
two further points $p_A$ and $p_B$ respectively above and below the box, so that the top/bottom of the box bisects the line joing $p_M$ to $p_A$ or $p_B$.
Now for your mystery point P you find
$t_M=d(p_m,P)$, $t_L=d(p_L,P)$, and similarly for $t_R,t_A,t_B$.
Now use the fact that the mystery point $P$ is on the (half plane to the) left of the right side iff it is closer to the point $p_M$ than it is to $p_R$, i.e. iff $t_M>t_R$. Similarly $P$ is to the right of the left side iff $t_M>t_L$, and $P$ is below the top of the box iff $t_M>t_A$, and finally $P$ is above the bottom of the box iff $t_M>t_B$.
We now have that p lies in the box iff each of the quantities $t_M-t_*$ is positive, where * is one of the four symbols $L,R,A,B$. For the function, define
$f(distances)=min(t_M-t_L,t_M-t_R,t_M-t_A,t_M-t_B)$


How to transfer messages from Android to iPhone
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In the never-ending race to the top between Android and iOS, the main culprits have mainly been users. The urge to try out new and wonderful smartphones might have often seen you jump ship either way. However, when you do this, you are likely to encounter a well-known problem. Both types of phones use completely different processing systems. This means that you might be able to smoothly transfer some things. Chief among them is transferring messages from Android to iPhone.
If this is your situation, this article should help. It provides amble ways to copy text messages from Android to iPhone.
Two Best Methods for transferring messages from Android to iPhone
1. Move to iOS
The first way to get this done is by using the official method that was released by Apple. This method works for all Apple phones and devices that use 4.3 upwards. It allows you to transfer a lot of things completely free from your Android to the iPhone.
Step One
The first thing you have to do is to download the application on the Google play store. Once you have done it, install it and run the application on your Android device. Once you have done this, choose the option to move data from Android to iPhone.
Step Two
Make sure it has been launched. Then, make sure your wireless connection and Bluetooth are both switched on, you are going to need it through this process. Do the same for your Apple smartphone and place it side by side. Once you have done this, it's time to move on to the next stage.
Step Three
To make sure that the transfer is authorized by you, you will need to match a code. This code will be sent to both phones and you will have to verify that the codes are the same. Once you do this, then you get to choose what to move and what you can choose not to move.
2. Using Backuptrans
You also have the option of using a tool to get this done. The reason why this method might be more appealing is that you get to transfer a wider range of things including text messages.
To use backuptrans, all you have to do is to install and run the program on your computer. Once you have that figured, you will have to connect your Android and iPhone to the computer. To know about the procedure of using backuptrans, all you have to do is click the link in the first paragraph of this article.
Conclusion
So here's the deal. If you want your messages and other things transferred from Android to iPhone, then you have two really good methods. You can choose to use the official method or use other tools such as backuptrans. Before you make a decision, you should do well to consider the options that are more convenient for you. You should also consider what you want to transfer.
By considering all these variables, you set yourself for future success.
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text: On 18th of February "Nazarbayev Intellectual School of Physics and Mathematics in Semey" organized the demonstrative methodological day for Pedagogical Collage named after M.O. Auezov and local schools. Teachers and students share their experiences with each other and it is the great work that we provide partnership with the NIS. Students were encouraged to practice their theory knowledge during their daily classes in order to stimulate their professional activities and share experiences in various subjects.Students studying the specialty Kazakh language and literature, technology, English, physical education, felt the effectiveness of leadership and mastering the best technologies of self-education through open lessons, trainings. Also, they visited the NIS library and learned new ways to get information from library staff. The information literacy training was very informative and interested.We thank NIS administration and the college administration for establishing a social partnership between college and intellectual school!


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Term: Color filter array
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Term: Color filter array
Definition:
Digital image sensors used in scanners and digital cameras do not respond in a manner that differentiates color. The sensors respond to the intensity of light: the pixel that receives greater intensity produces a stronger signal. A color filter array (CFA) is a mosaic of color filters (generally red, green and blue) that overlays the pixels comprising the sensor. The color filters limit the intensity of light being recorded at the pixel to be associated with the wavelengths transmitted by that color. A demosaicing algorithm is able to take the information about the spectral characteristics of each color of a filter array, and the intensity of the signal at each pixel location to create a color encoded digital image.
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Array; Bayer color filter array


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There are two statements about the grassmannian (of complex k-planes in n-space embedded via Plucker coordinates) that I have encountered in several places never accompanied with a proof or reference.
 - The topology inherited from projective space coincides with the Zariski topology.
 - The map from the Chow ring to the cohomology ring is an isomorphism.
I'm looking for nice explanations of these two facts.
EDIT: by the topology inherited from projective space I do not mean the Zariski topology, but the classical topology (given by balls in the Euclidean metric on the affine space from which we construct projective space, say). Since I have no intuition for the Zariski topology in this embedding, I'm not even sure I've got the statement correct: one place where it occurs is on page 147 in Fulton's Young tableaux book.
EDIT 2: I have gotten it wrong; Fulton claims only that the Zariski closures of the open cells equal their classical closures. But he also calls it a general fact. I guess the proper version of my first question should be: why are the Zariski closures of the open schubert cells equal to their classical closures in the Pluecker embedding, and is there a general fact from which this follows?
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The topology inherited from what topology on the projective space? – Mariano Suárez-Alvarez Apr 3 '14 at 18:43
The classical topology on projective space does not induce the Zariski topology on the Grassmannian; it induces the classical topology on the Grassmannian. Many topological statements about the Grassmannian are true for both choices of topology because in practice, most of arguments involving open sets in the classical topology can be made using only open sets from the Zariski topology. – Michael Joyce Apr 3 '14 at 19:41
I updated my answer. – Dan Petersen Apr 3 '14 at 19:50
1 Answer 1
up vote 4 down vote accepted
$\!$Hej Erik! Your first question asks why an open Schubert cell has the same closure both in the Zariski and in the classical topology. This is the same as asking why the closure of a cell is a closed subvariety. But each cell is defined by a collection of polynomial equations ($f = 0$) and inequations ($f \neq 0$), and it's easy to check that the closure in the classical topology is obtained by just discarding the inequations. Then it's clear that the closure is a subvariety.
For your second question, this follows because Grassmannians admit an algebraic cell decomposition (i.e. they are the disjoint union of locally closed subvarieties isomorphic to some $\mathbf C^d$), the Schubert cell decomposition. See this question: For which varieties is the natural map from the Chow ring to integral cohomology an isomorphism? and the reference to Fulton's book in Donu Arapura's answer.
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Probably the OP is asking why the Pluecker map is a closed immersion, in particular, why it is a homeomorphism from the domain to the image. – Jason Starr Apr 3 '14 at 19:09
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