postmortem graft
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postmortem graft
Etymology: L, post, after, mors, death; Gk, graphion, stylus
the transplanting of a cornea, artery, or other body part from a deceased person to repair a defect in a living body. Also called cadaver graft.
postmortem graft
Tissue taken from a body after death and stored under proper conditions to be used later on a patient requiring a graft of such tissue.
See also: graft


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Sammy Ofer Heart Building
Tel Aviv-Yaffo, Israel
The Sammy Ofer Heart Building is part of an architectural legacy of hospital buildings representing generations of Israeli architecture since the 1950's. Construction of the original hospital first began during this period, followed by the Sourasky building in the 1970s, the emergency room in the 1980s, the Arison Tower in the 1980s -90, the entrepreneurial project in 2000 and the heart center in 2010. The origin of each structure is identified with its period both in terms of style and materiality.
The heritage buildings are located along Weizmann Street and constitute the main facade of the hospital. The Heart Center sits in a strategic location at the intersection of Weizmann Street and King David Boulevard, which together link the hospital to Rabin Square.
Sitting amongst a diverse architectural vernacular, the Heart building has adopted a clean and neutral language conveyed as a simple orthogonal cube. The cube's facades are characterized by the insertion of large red glazed openings that mark the Hospital's main public spaces, whilst providing a visual gateway to the building's central atrium. The atrium extends across all floors of the building, punctuated by red bridges or 'arteries', that stimulate efficient flow of people throughout the building and promote connectivity between the atrium and all public spaces.
The Heart Building is the first Hospital in Israel to be designed with new security systems that eliminate the need for fences and separation, and as such constitutes a significant urban facade towards the street, exhibiting animated street activity such as communal seating areas, co-working spaces and public realm functions.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
Brian Congiu '08 and Lisa Romas '08 in Alaska in July, 2006.
A team of three faculty members and two students from St. Lawrence University are
among the researchers studying the environmental impact of a Formerly Used Defense
Site (FUDS) in a remote area of Alaska called, fittingly enough, St. Lawrence Island.
Associate Professor of Geology Jeffrey Chiarenzelli '81 and colleagues from Clarkson
University and SUNY Albany have been studying the area, with other researchers, and
have been awarded National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Environmental
Justice grant funding. He traveled to the area in the summer of 2006, along with
Assistant Professor of Environmental Studies Jon Rosales (whose wife, Matilda, is half
Yu'pik and has family in the region); Associate Professor of Geology Cathy Shrady;
Brian Congiu '08, of Bayonne, NJ; and Lisa Romas '08, of Fayetteville, NY. Romas was
awarded a University Fellowship for the research, and others are being assisted by
the University, in part through the Center for International and Intercultural Studies.
Congiu and Romas are the only undergraduates who were part of the field research team,
from any institution.
Researchers are gathering information on St. Lawrence Island and other communities
in the Norton Sound region of Alaska, populated mostly by Yu'pik and Inupiat native
peoples. The project involves environmental sampling at FUDS that were used throughout
World War II and into the 1950's. The residents have asked for assistance as they
are concerned that contaminants left at these sites may be affecting their health
and their food supply; air, water, soil and other environmental samples were collected
for study. Other researchers are working with residents to collect tissue samples.
Romas and Congiu assisted with sampling, and will continue on the project, developing
the research into independent projects and senior theses. They are working on
Geographic Information System(GIS) and Global Positioning System (GPS) databases of
More information: Alaska Native Heritage Web Site
Posted: October 18, 2006

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
|Arch → Equipment|
|Introduced in version|
|Arch 3 views|
The Equipment tool offers you a simple and convenient way to insert non-structural, standalone elements such as pieces of furniture, hidro-sanitary equipments or electrical appliances to your projects. Equipments are based on Part shapes, which allow them to benefit from the solidity and possibilities of BRep geometry, and generate nice views when rendered to plan and section views.
As of version 0.17, equipment objects also have a DataHiRes property where a Mesh object can be attached. Equipment objects can then be made to display that mesh in the 3D view instead of their shape, which allows to use any high-resolution mesh objects such as detailed pieces of furniture commonly found on websites.
Furniture objects enclosed in an Arch Equipment object, with a high resolution mesh attached
When using the Arch OBJ exporter, all equipment objects that are in mesh display mode will be exported as their mesh instead of their shape.
- Equipments share the common properties and behaviours of all Arch Components
- DataModel: A description of the model of this equipment.
- DataUrl: An URL of the product page where more information about this equipment can be found.
- DataMesh: A Mesh representation to use for this equipment. When set, the Mesh display mode becomes available.
Equipment = makeEquipment(baseobj=None, placement=None, name="Equipment")
- Creates an
Equipmentobject from the given
baseobj, which can be a
- If a
placementis given, it is used.
- It returns
Noneif the operation fails.
import FreeCAD, Arch Box = FreeCAD.ActiveDocument.addObject("Part::Box", "Box") Box.Length = 500 Box.Width = 2000 Box.Height = 600 Equip = Arch.makeEquipment(Box) FreeCAD.ActiveDocument.recompute()

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Religious Studies: The Key Concepts
By Carl Olson
Published September 15th 2010 by Routledge – 320 pages
Series: Routledge Key Guides
Religious Studies: The Key Concepts is an accessible, A-Z resource, defining and explaining key terms and ideas central to the study of religion. Exploring broad and recurring themes which are applicable in both eastern and western religions, cross-cultural examples are provided for each term to give a comprehensive overview of the subject. Subjects covered include:
With cross referencing and further reading provided throughout, this book provides an inclusive map of the discipline, and is an essential reference for all students, academics and researchers.
Preface List of Key Concepts Religion and Religious Studies: An Introduction Key Concepts Bibliography
Carl Olson is Professor of Religious Studies at Allegheny College where he has held the National Endowment for the Humanities Chair and the Teacher-Scholar Professorship of the Humanities. He is currently a permanent fellow of Clare Hall, University of Cambridge


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From airport food that is roughly 100 percent sodium to the roof of the plane potentially coming off to a sleeping air traffic controller guiding a plane, you'd think air travel is getting dangerous.
A new study says it may be. Although not in the convertible-plane or narcoleptic-controller sort of way.
The study, released Monday in the Journal of Occupational Health and Environmental Medicine, says that frequent business travelers were more likely to describe their health as "fair" or "poor."
More than 13,000 subjects were studied from data supplied by a corporate wellness program. It looked at three groups: Non-travelers, occasional travelers (80 percent of those surveyed) and "extensive travelers" who run at the George Clooney in "Up in the Air" pace of 20 or more nights a month on the road.
Those Clooney-esque road warriors are not a healthy bunch. And they certainly don't look like him. They are 92 percent more likely to be obese, with high blood pressure and unfavorable cholesterol levels.
Several factors could contribute to this, the researchers said, including poor sleep, fattening foods and long periods of inactivity.
We're no scientists, but we'd guess that doubles-for-$1-extra, migraine-inducing flight delays and blood-pressure-raising bag fees also have something to do with it.
How do you try to stay healthy on the road?


text:
Last Updated on November 25, 2020 by Sagar Aryal
Sakaguchi Test Definition
Sakaguchi test is a biochemical test consisting of colorimetric reaction for the detection and quantification of guanidinium groups, used as a qualitative test for arginine that is either free or in protein. The test was discovered by and named after the Japanese Food Scientist Shoyo Sakaguchi in 1925. Sakaguchi test is an example of color reactions or test that is performed for the detection of amino acids or proteins. The test is a specific test for arginine where the guanidinium group of arginine reacts with 1-naphthol or α-naphthol to produce a colored product. It is a qualitative test, and the quantification of arginine is hindered in this test due to the slow rate of color development and destruction of some guanidinium groups by the reagent.
Objective of Sakaguchi Test
- To detect the presence of arginine in either free form or in proteins.
Principle of Sakaguchi Test
Sakaguchi test is based on the principle of reaction between 1-naphthol and the guanidinium groups in arginine, in the presence of an oxidizing agent. The exact mechanism of the reaction is not yet known; however, the reaction results in the formation of a red-colored complex due to the formation of an indole-like structure. The Sakaguchi reagent consists of sodium hypobromite and 1-naphthol. The sodium hypobromite acts as an oxidizing agent that facilitates the hydrogen bonding between two arginine molecules.
Image Source: Zlir'a.
- Sakaguchi reagent: 1% 1-naphthol in alcohol with a few drops of 10% sodium hypobromite solution of bromine water.
- 40% NaOH
- Sample (0.1% of arginine or 0.1% of creatine)
- Test tubes
- Test tube stand
Procedure of Sakaguchi Test
- About 3 ml of the test solution is added in a test tube, to which 1 ml of 40% NaOH is added and mixed correctly.
- Then, two drops of 1-naphthol are added to the same test tube and mixed thoroughly.
- Now, 4-5 drops of the 10% sodium hypobromite or bromine water is added.
- The test tube is observed for the development of color.
Result and Interpretation of Sakaguchi Test
- Positive result: A positive result on the Sakaguchi's test is demonstrated by the formation of red color. This indicates the presence of an arginine or guanidinium compound.
- Negative result: A negative result in the Sakaguchi's test is demonstrated by the absence of red color. This indicates an absence of arginine or a guanidinium compound.
Uses of Sakaguchi Test
- Sakaguchi's Test is a biochemical test for the detection of arginine in the free or combined form in proteins.
- The test is qualitative but can be made quantitative by the addition of urea that stabilizes the colored product.
- Quantitative analysis of the colored product is not possible with this test as the rate of Sakaguchi's reaction is slow.
- Similarly, some of the guanidinium groups in the solution might be destroyed by the hypochlorite, resulting in difficulties in testing results.
- Webner C.J (1929). A modification of Sakaguchi's reaction to the quantitative determination of arginine. JBC. December 27.
- Ke, Shan, and Robert Haselkorn. "The Sakaguchi reaction product quenches phycobilisome fluorescence, allowing determination of the arginine concentration in cells of Anabaena strain PCC 7120." Journal of Bacteriology 195,1 (2013): 25-8. doi:10.1128/JB.01512-12
- Tiwari, A. (2015). Practical Biochemistry. LAP Lambert Academic Publishing.


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Vladimir Pavlovic and Thomas S. Huang
The surge of interest in multimedia and multimodal interfaces has prompted the need for novel estimation, prediction, and classification techniques for data from different but coupled modalities. Unimodal techniques ported to this domain have only exhibited limited success. We propose a new framework for feature estimation, prediction, and classification based on multimodal knowledge-constrained hidden Markov models (HMMs). The classical role of HMMs as statistical classifiers is enhanced by their new role as multimodal feature predictors. Moreover, by fusing the multimodal formulation with higher level knowledge we allow the influence of such knowledge to be reflected in feature prediction and tracking as well as in feature classification.


text:
Inheritance diagram for IPython.kernel.map:
Classes used in scattering and gathering sequences.
Scattering consists of partitioning a sequence and sending the various
pieces to individual nodes in a cluster.
A class for partitioning a sequence using a map.
Returns the pth partition of q partitions of seq.
Partitions a sequence in a roun robin fashion.
This currently does not work!
Enter search terms or a module, class or function name.


Why was clemency trending last week?
[muhl-cher] /ˈmʌl tʃər/
a person or thing that mulches.
a machine or device that cuts up grass, leaves, etc., for use as mulch.
Origin of mulcher
mulch + -er1 Unabridged
Cite This Source
Examples from the web for mulcher
 - At first they bought a mulcher for small bales but soon realized they needed a mulcher for the round bales.
 - In addition to the no-till drills and mulcher, the district also has prescribed burning equipment for rent.
 - The mulcher is mostly used to spread straw or hay over newly seeded areas.
 - Additionally, they are purchasing a leaf loader and mulcher to expand community clean-up events.
 - Turn your existing mower into a mulcher by purchasing a mulching kit available from your local power equipment dealer or retailer.
Word of the Day
Difficulty index for mulcher
Few English speakers likely know this word
Word Value for mulcher
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Nearby words for mulcher


Use the Modify Rule dialog box to modify existing rules in the Custom Updates Publishing Tool. The dialog box is opened from the Expression Builder in the Create Update Wizard or Modify Update Wizard by double-clicking the rule in the list.
This dialog box contains the following elements:
Create Basic rule
Specifies to use the basic rule category, which is used for prerequisite, applicability, or installed verification depending on the rule type. There are over 20 rule types available for basic rules. For more information, see Basic Rules.
Create MSI rule
Specifies to use the MSI (Windows Installer) rule category, which is used most often for prerequisite verification because Windows Installer-based updates auto-populate applicability and installed rules for verification. Windows Installer rules check for a specific software update, product, component, or feature. For more information, see MSI Rules.
Use existing rule
Specifies to use a previously created rule. The properties for the rule can be modified, if required.
Rule Type
Specifies the type of rule for the specified category. There are over 20 rule types for basic rules and several more for Windows Installer rules. For more information about each rule type, see Custom Updates Publishing Tool Rule Types.
Not rule
Specifies to create the rule with the NOT operator. When the Inventory Tool for Custom Updates evaluates a Not rule, the logical result is reversed. Therefore, a rule that would normally return TRUE now returns FALSE and vice versa. For more information, see Not Rules.
Properties
Specifies the properties for the selected rule type. The required field indicator displays for the properties that must be configured.
Save your rule as
Specifies to save the rule with the configured name. Saved rules can be used when creating new updates by selecting the Use existing rule option.
OK
Saves the changes and exits the dialog box.
Cancel
Exits the dialog box without saving any changes.
See Also


When Was The Whiteboard Invented?
3 Answers
amber Jhon Profile
amber Jhon answered
Whiteboards have evolved from chalkboards and the very first enamel-on-steel write-on/ wipe-off magnetic whiteboard was created in UK by Magiboards.
Slates boards on walls were used in 1801, and in 1850's blackboards were introduced. Near about 1990's whiteboards were introduced but
there were very expensive.
In the mid 1990s, the popularity of whiteboards increased and they became an important fixture of meeting rooms, business environment and educational institutes. Over the last ten years the enamel-on-steel magnetic whiteboards have passed through a number of transformations and there are a number of people which are involved in bringing these transformations.
Ellie Hoe Profile
Ellie Hoe answered
The first pcorcelain-on-steel write-on/ wipe-off magneti whiteboard was created by Magiboards in America in mid 90's. It has hard surface and was an ideal alternative to chalkboard. In the past this porcelain board has gone through many changes and the Whiteboard is its final version. Like the surface of the board has become smoother and cleaner, glare has been reduced, ink pen are used instead of chalk and so on. The Whiteboard has lots of advantages and one of the main advantages is that most of the people are allergic to dust; the whiteboard markers doesn't make the dust that comes from writing with chalk and from erasing it.
Anonymous Profile
Anonymous answered
Answer Question


text:
Definition: Relative reproductive success of an individual or genotype in a given environment
Table of Contents
Darwinian Fitness Definition
Darwinian fitness refers to the measure of an individual organism's or genotype's reproductive success or the ability of an organism to pass on the genes to the next generation in a given environment. The name is credited to Charles Darwin, the British biologist who is widely known for his theory of natural selection. Individuals (or genotypes) with higher fitness are more likely to survive and reproduce. Consequently, they will also have a higher likelihood to pass on the advantageous traits to their offspring, resulting in the spread of those traits in a population over time.
Before we define Darwinian fitness in the context of evolutionary biology and theoretical population biology, let us have an overview of the meaning of fitness in natural selection and evolution below.
- What does fitness mean in biology?
Fitness, in biology, is not just about physical strength as it would have been defined in a general, broader context. Instead, it is about the overall capacity of an organism to pass on its DNA to its progeny. It is a relative measure, meaning it depends on the interaction between an organism's traits and the environment in which it lives. It would additionally rely on essential traits, such as resistance to diseases, behavioral attributes for efficient mating and parental care, and greater adaptability to varying ecological factors (environmental conditions) leading to successful reproduction.
- What is evolutionary fitness? Is it the same as Darwinian fitness?
Evolutionary fitness and Darwinian fitness are at times used interchangeably. In fact, there are other terms that appear to have a similar context. These are reproductive fitness, biological fitness, and relative fitness. They all refer to the same concept of measuring the ability to survive and reproduce successfully in a certain environment.
- In simple terms, what is meant by fitness in Darwinian evolution?
In simple terms, Darwinian fitness (or evolutionary fitness) reflects how well a particular type of organism (or genotype) can survive and take over in a competition for resources, including mates. The key idea behind it is that organisms within a population vary in their traits, and some of these variations provide advantages in the context of their environment.
- How is Darwinian fitness calculated?
The calculation of Darwinian fitness typically depends on the mode of reproduction (whether asexual or sexual):
» Asexual: Darwinian fitness can be calculated in a more straightforward manner by counting the number of offspring produced by fitness. Example: If an asexual individual A produces 10 offspring, the fitness of individual A would be 10.
» Sexual: Calculation of Darwinian fitness is relatively complex. It entails controlled breeding conditions and comparing the reproductive success of different genotypes within a population. The number of offspring produced by each cross is counted and then the relative fitness of each genotype is obtained. Another approach is to calculate fitness based on the frequency of a genotype in subsequent generations. By tracking the changes in genotype frequencies over generations, the fitness of the different genotypes can be inferred.
Watch this vid about Darwinian fitness:
Darwinian fitness is a fundamental concept in evolutionary biology and is based on Charles Darwin's theory of natural selection. Darwinian fitness is a measure of the relative reproductive success of an organism in passing its genes to the next generation's gene pool.
Darwinian fitness differs from "physical fitness", which is more associated with health, muscle tissues, oxygen, and physical effort. Darwinian fitness is more concerned with reproductive success, i.e., how successful an organism has been at passing on its genes. The more likely that an individual is able to survive and live longer to reproduce, the higher the fitness of that individual. Thus, it may indicate the relative measure of the reproductive success of an organism in passing its genes to the next generation. It denotes the relative ability of an individual (or population) to survive, reproduce and propagate genes in an environment. Thus, when one says an organism is biologically fit, it could mean that the organism is adapted and suitable to its environment based on its relative reproductive success with respect to its population.
Etymology: derived from the surname of Charles Darwin, the British biologist known for his theory of evolution through natural selection.
Synonym: Reproductive fitness; Biological fitness; Evolutionary fitness; Relative fitness
Fitness Is A Propensity
How can one say if an organism is 'fitter' than the other? How can we tell that a trait is advantageous or effective at improving 'fitness'?
The term "propensity" generally refers to a tendency, a predisposition, or a natural inclination. It speaks about 'probability'. Thus, in this context of evolutionary biology, the propensity interpretation of fitness refers to the natural tendency of an organism to survive, reproduce, and pass on its genes in a specific environment. Just like how some organisms have an instinctive tendency to vie for limited resources, some would also have the innate tendency to have offspring more than others.
The concept of "fitness as a propensity" (PIF) refers to the idea that an organism's fitness is not a fixed value; rather, it is a probabilistic measure that influences its ability to survive, reproduce, and pass on its genes to the next generation. Fitness is not deterministic but involves probabilities, allowing for variations and uncertainties in reproductive outcomes.
The concept of fitness is a complex and multifaceted topic. PIF is one of the widely discussed and debated. There are other perspectives attempting to interpret fitness. Statistical view, for instance, is a perspective wherein fitness is treated as a statistical property. It makes use of mathematical models and statistical methods to understand the distribution of traits and genes in populations in relation to the population's reproductive success. Inclusive fitness and kin selection, in turn, is where the role of genetic relatedness in determining fitness is emphasized.
Models Of Fitness: Asexuals and Sexuals
Fitness in asexual organisms is a case in point wherein fitness is illustrated through reproductive models sans the complexity of sex and recombination. That way fitness can be measured and attributed directly to genotypes. Conversely, fitness in sexual organisms is more complex. It would have to consider the reproductive successes of different genotypes within a population.
There are two ways through which fitness can be measured: absolute fitness (W) and relative fitness (w). Both of them can tell how well a specific genotype or genetic trait is performing in a population. They differ in their approach and interpretation.
Absolute fitness refers to the overall reproductive success of an individual asexual organism. It quantifies the proportional change in the abundance of a genotype over one generation solely due to natural selection.
Relative fitness is a measure of the comparison of the absolute fitness of one individual or genotype to the absolute fitness of other individuals or genotypes in the population.
To define relative fitness (w): Absolute fitness of a genotype / Absolute fitness of a reference genotype of the same population (often, the most successful or fittest in a population)
Note: Relative fitness that is equal to 1 indicates reference genotype
In summary, absolute fitness refers to the raw (exact) number of offspring an organism has over one generation whereas relative fitness is the fitness ratio.
Sample Exercise 1 (Asexual population)
See Table 1 below. Based on the relative fitness (w) of each genotype, which genotype would be considered the most "fit"?
|Table 1: Relative fitness of each genotype|
|Relative fitness||20/20 = 1.0||10/20 = 0.50||5/20 = 0.25|
If reproductive rates are the same for the three genotypes, then relative fitnesses can be derived by dividing the absolute fitnesses by the highest absolute fitness value, which in this example is 20. So, if the respective relative fitnesses are as follows: 1.0 for AA, 0.50 for Aa, and 0.25 for aa, then, AA is the most fit or most successful among the three genotypes in that given environment at that particular time.
Change in genotype frequencies due to selection
Genotypes with higher fitness, i.e., those that produce more offspring, are more likely to become more prevalent in the population. Conversely, those with lower fitness may decrease in frequency or disappear. The process of selection is, therefore, driven by the differential reproductive success of genotypes and their ability to adapt to the prevailing environmental conditions.
To calculate the change in genotype frequencies due to selection, one can make use of relative fitness:
where p represents the frequency of one allele and q represents the frequency of another allele in the population.
Sample Exercise 2 (Sexual population)
Consider these offspring data on fly population. If A1A1 individual cells produce, on average, 23 offspring, A1A2 individual cells produce, on average, 26 offspring, and A2A2 individual cells produce, on average, 28 offspring each generation.
Question: Using relative fitness and assuming the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, how will the genotype frequencies in the population change or evolve?
1. Let's calculate the relative fitness (w) of each genotype using A2A2 as the reference genotype (highest)
|Table 2: Relative fitness of each genotype|
|The average number of offspring||23||26||28|
|Relative fitness (w)||23/28 = 0.8214||26/28 = 0.9286||28/28 = 1.0000|
2. We can now use the values to calculate the change in genotype (or allele) frequencies in one generation through the process of selection.
In the absence of evolutionary forces


text:
Immediately recognisable in this pair of earrings is the addorsed tri-lobed leaves with a smaller similar motif above which can be found in various manifestations throughout Spanish Islamic art. In the caliphal period for example it decorates the exterior of the casket of Hisham II (Jerrilynn D. Dodds, Al-Andalus, the Art of Islamic Spain, New York, 1992, no.9, pp.208-9) while five hundred years later in the later Nasrid period it can be found in a more elongated form in various panels on the Alhambra vase (Dodds, op.cit., no.112, p.358-9).
The execution of this main design is not as precise as it is when encountered in the items mentioned above. The stem has developed into a large extra lower lobe, and the upper motif is markedly assymmetrical, to cope with the twisting of the wire outline. This lends the earrings a somewhat provincial appearance. Yet the execution of the earrings and in particular the work along the leading edges of the outer lobes is very fine indeed, inidicating a very proficient craftsman.


text:
What is a design sprint?
If you're a d.school fellow, it's a way to launch your project into a new phase. Starting in January, fellows will ramp up their work by incorporating their fellow fellows into their projects. Each fellow will synthesize the work they've done so far, develop a schedule and lead their colleagues through a sprint they design.
A quick reminder: We have eight fellows this year, most working on a project relating to K-12 education or health care. Recently, the fellows came together for an all-day studio session to plan for their sprints. Here's how they'll work:
- Two fellows at a time will be have three weeks for a specific project, each leading a team of three other fellows.
- Each week will have three days when each team will work together.
- Each fellow will have a day to launch in the beginning and then, at the end, a day dedicated to sharing and another to reflection. The teamwork will happen largely in between.
Each fellow used a tool (see the whiteboard layout above) to help craft their design sprint. The loose framework is meant to focus them on their project and highlight what they plan to do, who will be involved, where they plan to be and how they'll go about it.
The whiteboard (first image shown above) is divided into three weeks, with each week divided into three days of team work. Each day is then subdivided into four categories of action: what, how, who and where. The board also includes space for fellows to articulate the "why" of their sprint: what it's about, what their process needs accomplish, and what, ultimately, they're going to use their team to do.
If you're engaging in your own design sprint and use this framework, let us know how it goes. We'll do the same when our fellows hit the field.


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How To Drain Diesel Exhaust Fluid
In theory, you should never have to drain your vehicle's diesel exhaust fluid. But if your DEF tank has become polluted from dirt, pollen, or other elements, you'll find that draining and refilling it with new fluid is necessary. If you are wondering how to accomplish this, we can help. We researched diesel exhaust fluid tanks from multiple professional sources, so you'll know what steps to take.
The most effective method to drain diesel exhaust fluid is to use an approved siphon. You will be able to drain the fluid by:
 - Installing the siphon
 - Pumping the siphon until it begins to empty the diesel exhaust fluid
 - Filling the tank with new diesel exhaust fluid
Now that we know the steps for training a diesel exhaust fluid tank, we'll look at each in more detail. You might also wonder if diesel exhaust fluid can be dumped down the drain or a vehicle can work without this fluid. For the answers to these questions and more, read ahead in this post to see what our research has uncovered.
Before you continue reading, let us say we hope you find the links here useful. If you purchase something through a link on this page, we may get a commission, so thank you!
The hands of a young caucasian man in a yellow jacket hold a refueling gun in the tank on a green car, How To Drain Diesel Exhaust Fluid
A step-by-step guide to draining your diesel exhaust fluid tank
Getting contaminated fluid out of your diesel exhaust tank is easy. You will need to purchase a good siphon, which can be found at almost any automotive parts store. You will also need a gas can, rags for clean-up, and a new diesel exhaust fluid.
Once you have your supplies gathered, you'll be ready to begin.
Refueling nozzle inserted into the tank on a green car with a red taillight at a gas station
Install the siphon
Open the cap to the diesel exhaust fluid tank. It will be to the right of your fuel cap. Carefully insert the siphon into the tank. It should be inserted until it begins wrapping itself in the tank's bottom.
Check all of the fittings to make sure that they are not loose. If they are, they will leak the fluid when you begin to siphon. So double-check to make sure!
Once the siphon has been fully inserted into the tank and the fittings checked, you'll be able to remove the fluid.
Pump the siphon until it begins to empty the diesel exhaust fluid
Run the other end of the siphon into a gas can. As many diesel exhaust fluid tanks are five gallons, you'll want to make sure your gas can is at least this big.
Gently pump the siphon until a steady stream of diesel exhaust fluid begins to be expelled into the gas can. This can take a bit of time to empty, so be patient.
When the tank is close to being empty, the stream of fluid will begin to slow considerably. You may have to wiggle the siphon hose so that it can get more fluid into it.
Fill the tank with new diesel exhaust fluid.
Once your tank has been drained, you can put new diesel exhaust fluid into it. Using a funnel, carefully pour the new fluid into the tank. Once full, be sure to tighten its cap.
Start your truck and drive it to make sure that your diesel exhaust fluid light comes off. It should stop illuminating after no more than 30 miles.
Use the rags to clean up any spills or drips.
Properly dispose of your contaminated diesel exhaust fluid, and you're all done!
For a video tutorial on how to siphon the diesel exhaust fluid tank, watch the one below:
Can diesel exhaust fluid be dumped down a drain?
You might be tempted to just dump your old diesel exhaust fluid down the drain in your garage when you need to dispose of it. Many of the fluids from your vehicle pose a serious risk to the environment if you do this. So does diesel exhaust fluid have the same negative impacts?
Composed of 65 percent distilled water and 35 percent urea, diesel exhaust fluid is not classified as a hazardous material. Urea is a fertilizer derivative, which doesn't make it necessarily harmful to the water table if it's dumped down a drain.
But while experts insist that there are no prohibitions on this sort of disposal, many still urge you to take it to a landfill and pay to have it disposed of there. Most sanitary landfills will have a system of getting rid of agricultural chemicals to which urea technically belongs. This can be done at a minimal cost, as you usually won't be disposing of more than five gallons at a time.
Can my vehicle work without diesel exhaust fluid?
If your vehicle has a diesel exhaust fluid tank, you will need to keep this fluid handy. You will get a warning light on your instrument cluster if the tank gets too low. If you ignore this warning, your truck will begin to slow itself.
When your tank gets below 10 percent, the warning light will illuminate. If you let it fall below 2.5 percent, the onboard computer will begin to brake the vehicle. While it won't make your truck come to a complete stop, it will slow you down to five miles per hour.
This will not remedy itself. If your fluid gets too low, you will have to add more to get it running efficiently again. Always keep some diesel exhaust fluid handy and add the appropriate amount as soon as possible after your warning light comes on.
Car dashboard icons
How long is diesel exhaust fluid good for?
How long this vital fluid will keep depends on a few factors. But if it is stored properly, you can expect it to last about two years on the shelf.
Keeping it in the original container, whether it's in a drum or otherwise, is essential. This keeps contaminants from invading the fluid, decreasing the useful shelf life. Any spot out of the sunlight will also greatly help get the most life out of this fluid.
A controlled environment also helps this fluid last. Avoid places where the temperatures and humidity levels greatly fluctuate, ideally keeping it at a temperature of 75 degrees. You should consider the fluid unusable if it has been in your possession for three years or more.
Diesel exhaust fluid or DEF sign posted in a truck stop, next to fuel pump
Should I keep my diesel exhaust fluid tank full?
While it isn't necessary to keep your diesel exhaust fluid tank full all the time, it's a good idea to check its level routinely. This fluid will be used regularly and must be replenished relatively often. As it is mostly water, it is also subject to some evaporation. So how quickly it leaves the tank will also depend on the climate.
We suggest checking the level of this fluid every time you leave for a long trip. If your trips are shorter, it's a good idea to check the levels every time you fill up, adding more if necessary. The last thing you'll want is your warning light to come on in the middle of a trip, forcing you to find more of this vital fluid.
School bus def only sign close-up
Final thoughts
The hands of a young caucasian man in a yellow jacket hold a refueling gun in the tank on a green car
Diesel exhaust fluid can become contaminated, forcing you to drain its tank and replace it with fresh fluid. Doing this is a straightforward process requiring minimal skill and only a siphon and a disposal container. Be sure to keep the diesel exhaust fluid tank levels up, or it will result in your vehicle being forcibly slowed by your onboard computer. Drive safe!
We hope this post on Diesel Exhaust Fluid answered all of your questions. For more helpful information, we suggest reading the following posts:
What's' The Best DEF [Diesel Exhaust Fluid] For Ford F250?
Does DEF Go Bad? [Inc. If Frozen]


text:
riparian rights, definition of
- Riparian Rights
The rights of
possessed by a person
owning land containing or bordering a water course or lake.
Search the Web for Riparian Rights
What is riparian rights?
riparian rights definition.
About riparian rights.
Click on a letter to see all the terms and definitions that begin with that letter.
Android app containing all these definitions is now available, called the Green Dictionary
. Click here
to see the entry on the Android market; or click here
if on an Android phone.


What is Normal Oil Temperature
Author:
Published:
Updated:
The normal oil temperature for a car is typically between 195 and 220 degrees Fahrenheit. If the oil temperature gets too high, it can start to break down and cause engine damage.
Normal oil temperature varies depending on the make and model of your car. However, most mechanics agree that normal operating temperature for most cars is between 195 and 220 degrees Fahrenheit. If your car's oil temperature exceeds this range, it is considered overheated and you should take steps to cool it down.
What Should My Oil Temp Gauge Read?
Most people believe that their oil temperature should read between 160-180 degrees F when they are driving. However, this is not always the case. Depending on the type of vehicle you have, your oil temp gauge may read differently.
For example, if you have a newer car with a synthetic oil, your oil temp gauge may read higher than 160-180 degrees F. This is because synthetic oils have a higher boiling point and can withstand higher temperatures before breaking down.
What is the Average Oil Temperature?
The average oil temperature is typically between 180-200 degrees Fahrenheit. However, this can vary depending on the specific oil being used and the operating conditions of the engine. It is important to check your owner's manual or consult with a professional to determine the ideal oil temperature for your particular engine.
What Is A Safe Engine Oil Temperature?
What is Normal Engine Oil Temperature in Celsius
Assuming you would like a blog post discussing what is considered a normal engine oil temperature: Most engines are designed to operate within a specific temperature range, and your engine oil plays a key role in maintaining these temperatures. While the ideal operating temperature for your engine will vary depending on the make and model, most fall within a range of 190-220 degrees Fahrenheit (88-104 degrees Celsius).
During colder weather, it's not uncommon for your engine oil to struggle to reach its ideal operating temperature. This is due to the fact that thicker oils are more viscous and take longer to circulate throughout your engine. However, once your oil warms up it should be able to maintain the desired temperature range relatively easily.
If you notice that your engine oil frequently struggles to reach or maintain its ideal operating temperature, it could be an indication of a larger problem. Make sure to have your car checked out by a professional to diagnose any potential issues.
Normal Engine Oil Temperature Fahrenheit
As anyone who's driven a car knows, the engine is the heart of the vehicle. It needs to be well-maintained in order to keep the car running smoothly and efficiently. Part of maintaining your engine includes knowing what the ideal operating temperature is for your specific make and model.
For most engines, the normal operating temperature is between 195-225 degrees Fahrenheit. Of course, this can vary slightly depending on the outside temperature and how hard the engine is working. If you're driving in hot weather or pulling a heavy load, your engine will likely run a little hotter than usual.
Conversely, if it's cold out or you're just puttering around town, your engine will probably run a bit cooler than its ideal temp. It's important to keep an eye on your engine's temperature gauge (usually located on the dashboard) and make sure it stays within the normal range. If it starts to creep into the red zone, that means your engine is overheating and you need to take action immediately!
Pull over to a safe spot, turn off the engine, and call for roadside assistance. Trying to drive with an overheated engine can do serious damage and may even cause it to seize up completely. So there you have it – now you know what normal oil temperatures are for most engines and how to tell if yours is running too hot.
Keep an eye on that gauge and happy motoring!
Normal Oil Temperature Vw
If you own a VW, it's important to know what the normal oil temperature range is for your vehicle. Depending on the model of VW, this can range from about 195-degrees Fahrenheit to 205-degrees Fahrenheit. If you notice that your oil temperature is consistently outside of this range, it's important to have your vehicle checked out by a professional as soon as possible.
Car Oil Temperature 100 Degrees
If your car's oil temperature is 100 degrees, it means that the oil is too hot and needs to be cooled down. This can happen for a number of reasons, such as if the engine is running too hot or if the car has been driven hard for an extended period of time. If you see this warning light on your dashboard, it's important to pull over and let the car cool down before continuing to drive.
Conclusion
Motor oil has a range of temperatures it should operate within, depending on its grade and viscosity. For most passenger vehicles, the normal oil temperature range is between 195 to 220 degrees Fahrenheit. However, synthetic motor oils can withstand higher temperatures than traditional motor oils.
It's important to keep an eye on your vehicle's oil temperature to ensure it's running properly and not overworking the engine.
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Quick Answer: Why Is Hanging Up On Someone Rude?
What does it mean when you're hung up on someone?
1 : delayed or detained for a time.
2 : anxiously nervous.
3 : having great or excessive interest in or preoccupation with someone or something —usually used with onthey broke up but he's still hung up on herhung up on winning..
Did you just hang up on me meaning?
(someone) hung up on (someone) To "hang up on" someone means to suddenly stop the call while they are talking. People usually do this because they're angry. It's rude to hang up on someone. In the example above, the speaker says that her sister "hung up on" her as a joke.
Is it rude to hang up on cold callers?
If cold calls are defined as unsolicited sales attempts to individuals then hanging up is definitely acceptable. I'll generally say "I'm not interested", then hang up. Anything beyond ending the call leads to more wasted time, as the people calling have a script they must follow.
Why do cold callers hang up?
Robocalls that hang up immediately are usually meant to verify your number. It means that the machine wants to confirm that the number is active and that a real person answered the phone. Those calls will be brief, and often the call gets disconnected as soon as you say hello.
Is hanging up the phone on someone disrespectful?
IF you are on the phone with a FRIEND and you hang up, this is considered rude if the point is to end the conversation abruptly. There's no chance the other person will get the last word if you hang up. … Most people consider it rude because it's similar to just leaving a face-to-face conversation without any warning.
How do you hang up a call without being rude?
Here are a few tips and phrases to help you politely and professionally end phone conversations.Close the door. When it's time to end the conversation, be sure you are not inviting the other person to continue talking. … Use breaks in conversation. … Interrupt politely. … Offer future calls.
What do you do when your husband hangs up on you?
Be consistent, be polite, be kind, draw a line and stick to it. Do not talk to your husband on the phone if he hangs up on you. Tell him first, that it hurts your feelings, that it is disrespectful and ask him not to. Then if he does again, don't talk to him on the phone….
Can the IRS hang up on you?
The IRS uses "courtesy disconnects" to hang up on callers when wait times are long. Yes, you read that correctly: "Courtesy Disconnects" is the official term used by the agency. … Not a joke: When you are on hold with the IRS too long now, they give you a "courtesy disconnect." Click!
Is hanging up on someone rude?
Hanging up on someone is rude, obviously, but more than that, it is passive-aggressive behaviour in order to win, despite not having a cogent argument. It is the ultimate form of dismissal of who you are and what you have to say, usually by someone who is incapable of rational discussion.
Is it immature to hang up on someone?
Personally I only think hanging up on someone is really immature if it's done to avoid discussing a problem that needs to be resolved. It's one thing to end a conversation to clear your mind, but to go out of your way to put off something important is going about things the wrong way.
What's hang up the phone?
2. phrasal verb. If you hang up or you hang up the phone, you end a phone call. If you hang up on someone you are speaking to on the phone, you end the phone call suddenly and unexpectedly, usually because you are angry or upset with the person you are speaking to. Mom hung up the phone.
What does it mean when a girl hangs up on you?
She just wants to know you hearing her. A woman will only hang up on you if you refuse to listen and just keep pushing your own point. She hangs up in frustration. It seems crazy, what she wants is for you to "quieten down, chill out, and think on what she is trying to convey".
How do you know if someone has hung up on you?
The default setting for going to voicemail is usually 4 rings. If they haven't picked up by then it most likely means they couldn't get to their phone in time. If you go straight to voicemail, it might mean they are driving or busy. If you are immediately disconnected after about one second, they blocked you.
Is it rude to hang up without saying bye?
In these instances, someone might hang up without saying "bye," simply as a result of obliviousness and lack-of-thought about it. I doubt it's done to be rude (in the majority of instances, although occasionally, sure it probably happens).
Why do we say hang up the phone?
WHY DO WE "HANG UP" A PHONE? Phones used to have two parts to them, a base and a receiver. In order to end a call, the receiver had to be placed or "hung" on the base.


Snap to Shapes
The Snap to Shapes option snaps a figure to a selected shape vertex or center point. This option is enabled by default in TouchDraw. To enable/disable this option:
 1. Press on the Overflow Button to open the Overflow Menu.
 2. Press on the Grid and Snapping Submenu.
 3. Tap on the Snap to Shapes option.
The Snap to Shapes option will show a blue checkmark when enabled and no checkmark when disabled.

To see this option in action, disable the Snap to Grid option, make certain Snap to Shapes is enabled, and then draw a star or rectangle. Once the shape is completed, select the Line Tool and try to draw a line from one of the vertexes of the shape or its center point. The drawn line will snap to one of these locations.

In the example below, the line snaps to the center point of the rectangle.
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text:
Formaldehyde in the gas phase of mainstream cigarette smoke
Factors affecting formaldehyde deliveries in the gas phase of the mainstream smoke of a single puff were studied using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The lighting puff (first puff), which generates significantly more formaldehyde than subsequent puffs, is different from later puffs in terms of tobacco freshness, heating rate, and smoke condensate on tobacco rod. These differences were explored in this study and found to be related directly to the formaldehyde deliveries on a per-puff basis. The results of this study provide an understanding of the causes of the higher level of formaldehyde detected in the first puff. It is important to explore the smoking process on a per-puff basis since it will provide more insight into the smoke chemistry and increase understanding of combustion and pyrolysis in cigarette smoking.


text:
Examining Public Perceptions of Career and Technical Education in Nebraska - Survey of General Public (July 2010)
This report presents the findings of the survey: "Examining Public Perceptions of Career and Technical Education (CTE) in Nebraska." In Nebraska, CTE is also commonly referred to as "Career Education," but for the purposes of this report, the term "CTE" will be used. There are six subject areas that fall under the umbrella of CTE: 1) Agricultural Education (Environmental and Agricultural Systems); 2) Business and/or Marketing (Business Marketing and Management); 3) Computer Education/Information Technology; 4) Family and Consumer Sciences (Human Services); 5) Health Science; and 6) Industrial Technology (Industrial Manufacturing and Engineering Systems).
The purpose of the survey is to inform possible revisions to CTE standards in Nebraska. Thus, the results herein provide a snapshot of public perceptions of CTE among a randomly selected portion of the public in Nebraska. This survey was conducted during March, April and May, 2010. Both landline and cell phone users were surveyed. Of the 535 respondents, 447 (84%) were landline users, while the other 88 (16%) were cell phone users. The response rate for landline users was 33.9% and was 17.7% for cell phone users. The margin of error for this study is 4.23%. The mean age for the entire sample was 55; the mean age for landline users was 57 and the mean age for cell phone users was 44. Respondents were primarily female (59%) and white (95%). Respondents were roughly evenly split between rural (52%) and urban (48%) areas of the state; urban areas were defined as Douglas, Lancaster and Sarpy Counties, and rural areas were defined as any other county. Finally, 29% of respondents indicated that they had children in school in Nebraska. Where possible, researchers worded questions to allow for comparisons to responses to a similar survey that was administered to Nebraska educators in late 2009; these comparisons are included within this report.


text:
PhD candidate Widhya Nugroho Satrioajie
Fish aggregation devices (FADs) have been used by tuna fishers in Indonesian waters since the 1980s. FADs increase the efficiency of fishing activities and may lead to an increase in fishing pressure on tuna stocks and the pelagic ecosystem. The high demand on the international markets is an incentive for an increase in fishing pressure and may lead to an excessive use of FADs. This research aims to study the dynamics of FADs utilization by fishers and tuna as a basis for sustainable management of tuna.
This study will describe the fishery system of tuna fishing such as the classification of FADs, the actual density of FADs and the total number fishers making use of them in an area, where these information are essential to evaluate the uncertainty of the status and characteristic as well as total fishing effort of this fishery. In order to maximize the long term catch rate, fishers go to the certain network of FADs by implementing their tactics to make the best scenario on exploiting FADs. Their knowledge of fishing patterns and practices around FADs are important factors in dealing with the catch variability. To install and place FADs in certain locations, fishers have to decide their strategies for a long-term effort allocation that may be directed more by operational constraints than by their knowledge of tuna behaviour.
The information of fish behaviour around FADs is necessary to understand the role of FADs regarding the resources by (i) analysing the movement dynamics of tuna in and out of the eastern Indonesia and (ii) determining factors of the rate of tuna biomass build up around a FAD. Information of species composition and the catch amount from the fishers will be used to ascertain the fish biomass and fishing consequences toward biodiversity around FADs. All information of the research findings can be used to support the basis of sustainable management of tuna.
The main objective of the research is to generate and evaluate the utilization of FADs by tuna fishers including fishing mechanisms (practices) and tuna behaviour around FADs.
1. What are the characteristics of the fishers who associated to FADs?
2. What are the fishing tactics of tuna purse seiners around FADs?
3. What are the fishing strategies of tuna purse seiners around FADs?
4. What is the fish behaviour under FADs?


How to split a string while ignoring the case of the delimiter?
I need to split a string let's say "asdf aA asdfget aa uoiu AA" split using "aa" ignoring the case. to
"asdf "
"asdfget "
"uoiu "
Answers
There's no easy way to accomplish this using string.Split. (Well, except for specifying all the permutations of the split string for each char lower/upper case in an array - not very elegant I think you'll agree.)
However, Regex.Split should do the job quite nicely.
Example:
var parts = Regex.Split(input, "aa", RegexOptions.IgnoreCase);
If you don't care about case, then the simplest thing to do is force the string to all uppercase or lowercase before using split.
stringbits = datastring.ToLower().Split("aa")
If you care about case for the interesting bits of the string but not the separators then I would use String.Replace to force all the separators to a specific case (upper or lower, doesn't matter) and then call String.Split using the matching case for the separator.
strinbits = datastring.Replace("aA", "aa").Replace("AA", "aa").Split("aa")
In your algorithm, you can use the String.IndexOf method and pass in OrdinalIgnoreCase as the StringComparison parameter.
My answer isn't as good as Noldorin's, but I'll leave it so people can see the alternative method. This isn't as good for simple splits, but it is more flexible if you need to do more complex parsing.
using System.Text.RegularExpressions;
string data = "asdf aA asdfget aa uoiu AA";
string aaRegex = "(.+?)[aA]{2}";
MatchCollection mc = Regex.Matches(data, aaRegex);
foreach(Match m in mc)
{
 Console.WriteLine(m.Value);
}
It's not the pretties version but also works:
"asdf aA asdfget aa uoiu AA".Split(new[] { "aa", "AA", "aA", "Aa" }, StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries);
 public static List<string> _Split(this string input,string[] splt)
 {
 List<string> _Result=new List<string>();
 foreach(string _splt in splt)
 {
 if (splt.Count() == 1)
 {
 _Result.AddRange(Regex.Split(input, _splt, RegexOptions.IgnoreCase).ToList());
 }
 else
 {
 List<string> NewStr = Regex.Split(input, _splt, RegexOptions.IgnoreCase).ToList();
 foreach(string _NewStr in NewStr)
 {
 List<string> NewSplt = splt.ToList();
 NewSplt.Remove(_splt);
 return _Split(_NewStr, NewSplt.ToArray());
 }
 }
 }
 return _Result;
 }
then use this function as bellow
public frmThematicConversation()
{
 InitializeComponent();
 string str = "a b c d e f g h a b c f a d c b f";
 string[] splt = { "a", "b" };
 List<string> _result = str._Split(splt);
}
Dim arr As String() = Strings.Split("asdf aA asdfget aa uoiu AA",
 "aa" ,, CompareMethod.Text)
CompareMethod.Text ignores case.
Need Your Help
Forecasting time series data
r time-series xts
I've done some research and I am stuck in finding the solution. I have a time series data, very basic data frame, let's call it x:
Why does 2>&1 need to come before a | (pipe) but after a "> myfile" (redirect to file)?
bash shell pipe stdout pipeline
When combining stderr with stdout, why does 2>&1 need to come before a | (pipe) but after a > myfile (redirect to file)?


text:
accelerated light exposure的用法和样例：
- Operating relative humidity during light exposure (if measured).
- Green laser light exposure was given 72 hours after HPD injection.
- You are great, do not need as light exposure, insufferably arrogant.
- There seems to be interplay between an individual's innate vulnerability and her degree of light exposure.
- You can also rotate the containers so each side of your plant gets enough light exposure.


30 November 2020
Pinned: Never Change Streams in the Middle of a Horse
Did I ever tell you about the little red corpuscle who was swimming in the bloodstream of a horse?
This little corpuscle was always in a hurry. One day, he decided to play hooky from the school of red corpuscles, so he told his teacher he had a headache.
Well, this was a mistake. As he swam down the main artery, using the Australian crawl, he came to a fork in the stream - it was high tide.
The little red corpuscle took the fork on the starboard side. He proceeded to swim lazily down the new stream when disaster suddenly struck!
The little red corpuscle was swallowed by a huge virus.
The virus' name was Cyrus.
Thus, our moral: Never change streams in the middle of a horse!


.
Attitude refers to your immediate state of mind or disposition toward fighting with knives. The bottom line is, you must always possess a positive mental attitude when engaged in knife combat. Avoid all negative thoughts as you cannot afford to entertain the idea of death.
"Maintaining the right attitude in a knife fight is vital."
It may sound paradoxical but successful knife combat requires you to be both offensively aggressive and singularly defensive at the same time. Anything less and you are playing with fire. Blade combat requires you to attack your enemy with aggressive and precise slashes and stabs while protecting your vital targets at the same time. It is of the utmost importance to protect your face, throat, hands, forearms, chest and stomach organs. The only way to effectively accomplish this task is for you to use a practical stance and posture. Please don't confuse a knife fighting stance (you are equipped with a fighting knife) and a knife defense stance (your adversary has a knife and you are empty handed).
Sammy Franco demonstrates the proper knife fighting stance
CFA's stance provides maximal mobility, minimal target exposure and permits you to immediately counter cut your adversary. It's the most advantageous body position and posture for edged weapon techniques.
"Knife fighting requires you to be both offensively aggressive and singularly defensive."
When fighting with knives, hold your combat knife in your front hand at all times. Avoid the urge to hold your fighting knife in the rear hand! Holding the knife in your front hand (also called a knife forward stance) is critical for two reasons.
 - First, it brings your closest weapon (your fighting knife) to the assailant's closest anatomical targets and therefore provides the most direct route of attack.
 - Second, the unprotected or unarmed side of your body is kept back and further away from your assailant stabs and slashes.
Generally, lead hand knife combat will give you a tactical advantage over a rear hand knife fighter. Its worth mentioning that rear hand knife positioning is primarily used for "grab and stab" tactics that have been perfected by the criminal element.
"Keep your body behind the knife."
The fact of the matter is, edged weapon combat requires you to move in and out of fighting ranges! Both hand and foot mobility are vital to your survival. Actually, hand and footwork mobility are two key components necessary for successful knife techniques and they must work as a unit to maximize your ability to attack and defend with your knife. Don't forget, the more you move in a knife fight encounter, the less of a target you present to your adversary.
Generally, there are four basic directions you can move when engaged in edged weapon fighting:
 - Forward
 - Backward
 - Circling right
 - Circling left
Its essential that you can move in any of these directions with stability, balance and speed. Footwork drills are truly one of the best ways to develop these skills and they should be practiced on a regular basis.
"Knife fighting requires balance."
Never use a knife to threaten
Fast reflexes are another essential component of tactical edged weapon combat. Both your offensive and defensive reaction time must be fast allowing you to take full advantage of the visual stimuli that your are faced with when fighting. Windows of opportunity open briefly in a knife combat so you must "see quickly" and react immediately. In Contemporary Fighting Arts (CFA), we use a broad range of speed drills that will improve your reflexes and timing skills.
"Speed training improves knife fighting reflexes."
Whether you're unarmed and defending against a knife attack or knife fighting with your adversary, expect to get cut in the altercation. This sobering frame of mind is critical because it prepares you for the harsh realities of edged weapon fighting while helping prevent you from going into mental shock if you do get cut in the knife fight. Finally, the notion of getting cut when fighting also acts as a deterrent to unnecessarily engaging with someone. As I stated earlier, if you can avoid a knife fight, do it!
Never threaten anyone with a knife. If you decide to pull out a knife, you better be certain that you intend to use it and you are morally and legally justified in the eyes of the law. Remember, a fighting knife is a tool of destruction designed to injure or kill, not psychologically intimidate. A fighting knife should only be displayed when you have no other choice but to defend yourself or loved ones from immediate death! Never forget the old saying in Contemporary Fighting Arts, "the worst case scenario of a knife fight is you die, the best case scenario is you go to prison." Avoid a knife fight at all costs!
Never forget that knife combat is not a game and should only be a last resort in a self defense situation. Remember, knife fighting is not glamorous. It is not civilized! It's pure and simple barbarism! It's not like the movies. It is gruesome, dangerous and above all - deadly! If at all possible, avoid it at all costs!
"Knife fighting isn't civilized."
Sammy Franco discusses knife fighting targets on the human anatomy
Previously, I stated that you must possess technical knife fighting proficiency if you are to have a fighting chance against a formidable adversary. This means you need systematic training with a qualified edged weapon instructor who specializes exclusively in reality based self defense training. Let me emphasis the word, "qualified".
Unfortunately, you will not find him or her in commercial martial arts schools. You must remember all commercial martial arts schools are a typical business looking to make substantial profits. This means they must cater to the mainstream public and design "family oriented" programs that are socially acceptable.
For example, if a martial arts school was teaching quick kill knife targets by demonstrating the proper way to drive a tactical folder into the enemy's subclavian artery, they would lose their precious clientèle quicker than hell. So now the owner or manager of the school is faced with one of two options. The first option is to avoid the entire subject of tactical knife fighting and never add it to their training curriculum.
The second option is to offer watered-down elements of blade fighting in their curriculum that will not raise the attention and concern of the community. This actually presents a liability to the student because they are under the false impression they are receiving genuine and authentic life saving skills when in actuality they are getting the complete opposite. The bottom line is commercial martial arts are not suited to instruct the extreme combat situations that a soldier, police officer or civilian might face one day.
Even some of those popular eclectic "weapon based martial arts systems" will not meet your training needs. To put it bluntly, they are too unrealistic and unworkable for real world knife combat. While many of their knife drills may look impressive or "cool", I can assure you they will not work when faced with a non compliant adversary who is armed with a knife and fueled by adrenaline or pure rage. Moreover, many of the knife disarming technique will not work without getting yourself cut to ribbons.
Finally, most of these exotic martial arts will integrate both stick fighting concepts into knife fighting techniques. While killing two birds with one stone might seem like an efficient form of weapons training, its not! Contrary to popular opinion, real world stick fighting and edged wepon combat are not from the same ilk. They are different beasts requiring separate training programs with unrelated and self-contained approaches.
All of this boils down to the fact that you need to be a shrewd and sharp consumer when searching for authentic knife fighting techniques. You should search for an instructor with the same care as you would looking for a good doctor. Your life will depend on it!
Good luck in your training!
sammy franco picture
Sammy Franco
Founder & President
Contemporary Fighting Arts
Warning! Articles are property of Sammy Franco and Contemporary Fighting Arts, LLC. Reprint or distribution is strictly prohibited. Knife Fighting Techniques. Copyright _PHONE_, Contemporary Fighting Arts, All rights reserved.


text:
Origin: LL exarchus, overseer of monasteries < Gr exarchos, leader, chief (in LGr, prefect, bishop): see ex- & -arch
Origin: < ex- + Gr archē, beginning
See exarch in American Heritage Dictionary 4
Origin: Late Latin exarchus, an overseer
Origin:, from Greek exarkhos
Origin:, from exarkhein, to lead
Origin: : ex-, exOrigin: + arkhein, to rule.
Origin: + Greek arkhē, beginning (from arkhein, to rule, begin).
Learn more about exarch


This documentation is archived and is not being maintained.
LineWeight Cell (Line Format Section)
Determines the line weight of a shape. Set the line weight by entering a number with a valid unit of measure.
You can also set the value of LineWeight in the Line dialog box (on the Home tab, in the Shape group, click Line, point to Weight, and then click More Lines).
If the unit of measure is not entered, the unit of measure for text specified in the Visio Options dialog box is used (click the File tab, and then click Options). Line weight is independent of the scale of the drawing. If the drawing is scaled, the line weight remains the same.
To get a reference to the LineWeight cell by name from another formula, or from a program using the CellsU property, use:
Cell name:
LineWeight
To get a reference to the LineWeight cell by index from a program, use the CellsSRC property with the following arguments:
Section index:
visSectionObject
Row index:
visRowLine
Cell index:
visLineWeight
Show:


text:
The Back Story
Specializing in detection and analysis technologies, Optowares required complementary product development expertise to commercialize a handheld surface condition sensor with field analysis capabilities. The Optowares Raman spectroscopic system has broad applications because it measures the spectroscopy return of a coated surface in a nondestructive manner to determine if maintenance is required.
This system incorporates a rugged spectroscopy device with artificial intelligence and machine learning (AI/ML) analysis to provide sample results in the field – thereby eliminating time and resources traditionally required for lab analysis.
Key milestones for the two-year product development timeline include:
- Year 1: Implement a rugged, field-portable system to scan light-colored materials
- Year 2: Incorporate motion capabilities into a handheld probe to also test dark-color (light absorbent) material coatings
- Integrated a high-power, Class 4 Laser into a Class 1 System, which made it safe for field use without requiring eye protection
- Conducted computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis to ensure appropriate device heat dissipation in a fully enclosed device
- Designed to meet DoD standards (MIL-STD-810)
- Implemented computer and display to see results in the field
With the technology, the U.S. Navy gains a quantitative measurement of how well coatings adhere to surfaces. The technology can mitigate the risk of material failure, and reduce shipbuilding and maintenance costs. The technology has applicability in other coating uses.


text:
Sony has said dogs can learn social skills from its new Aibo robot dog.
A Sony mammalogist, Tadaki Imaizumi, conducted an experiment in which 13 dogs were introduced to the robot. Imaizumi said the dogs recognised the robot as a "living creature" and showed a sense of friendship and concern to them.
Nine dogs were said to have approached the robot and attempted to sniff its scent during the first stage of the experiment, while six sniffed its rear in an attempt to make communication. Some dogs were too scared to approach the Aibo, observing from a distance and refusing to get closer.
As the experiment continued, Aibos were introduced to the homes of the dogs, where dogs were reported to have learned the robot's name, performed tricks in unison with it and licking the robot when they were told Aibo was leaving indicating they wanted it to stay.
Having a companion can provide lonely dogs with psychological stability according to Imaizumi. He said: "I glimpsed that living with Aibo may help dogs to develop something similar to compassion, and help them grow."


1. iitis-generator-conf(5)
 2. iitis-generator-conf(5)
NAME
iitis-generator-conf - config file of iitis-generator
SYNOPSIS
generator.conf
DESCRIPTION
iitis-generator(1) is a tool for distributed, statistical evaluation of wireless networks. Each network node that takes part in an evaluation experiment runs the iitis-generator program. This manual page documents its configuration file, generator.conf.
FILE FORMAT
The file uses the JSON format and can accept a simplified syntax, easier to read and write by a human operator. It might be observed on the example below.
# write statistics each 3 seconds
stats = 3
# commit disk writes each 10 seconds (if NFS, sends data to the server)
sync = 10
# on nodes 1-3 and 8
"1-3,8" = {
 # dump raw frames in a pcap format
 dump = "yes"
}
Notice the following differences vs. JSON:
It is recommended that all network nodes use the same configuration file. In such situation, the variables put in the root level (ie. those not surrounded by curly brackets) will be interpreted and used by all nodes.
However, variables put in a hash (curly braces) will be used only if the key name includes the ID of the node interpreting the configuration file. Syntax of such a key name lets for specifying just a single node (e.g. "1"), a range of nodes (e.g. "1-3"), a list of nodes (e.g. "1,2,3") and a combination (e.g. "1-3,8" means nodes 1, 2, 3 and 8). For instance, in the example above, if the node ID is 2, the iitis-generator will dump raw frames to disk. Hashes can be nested.
CONFIGURATION OPTIONS
Following options can be configured:
iitis-generator was written by Pawel Foremski _EMAIL_. Copyright (C) 2011 IITiS PAN Gliwice _URL_
SEE ALSO
iitis-generator(1), iitis-generator-output(5), iitis-generator-traffic(5), IITiS WiFi lab
 1. IITiS PAN Gliwice
 2. August 2011
 3. iitis-generator-conf(5)


Five tips for reducing Exchange Server support costs
A few simple steps can make a big difference in what you spend to support your Exchange Server organization. Brien Posey shares several practical suggestions.
The current economic climate continues to drive organizations to look for ways to reduce IT costs. Here are five things you can do to cut costs on Exchange Server support.
1: Take advantage of Role Based Access Control
One of the best ways to reduce Exchange Server support costs (while reducing your own workload in the process) is to take advantage of Exchange 2010's Role Based Access Control (RBAC) feature. RBAC allows you to delegate degrees of administrative permissions to non-Exchange administrators so that they can perform specific tasks.
For example, there is a management role group named Help Desk, to which you can assign help desk staff. Members of this role group can perform basic administrative tasks, such as modifying user information (address, phone number, etc.). It is worth noting that in Exchange Server 2010, end users can be allowed to modify their own information through Outlook Web App. As strange as it may sound, members of the Help Desk group are allowed to modify only information that users are allowed to modify themselves. Therefore, if you prevent users from modifying their own information, you will block the Help Desk from doing so as well.
The Help Desk Group is only one of the RBAC groups. You can use RBAC to provide truly granular Exchange Server permissions. For instance, you could potentially lighten the administrative burden by designating another staff member to act as a recipient manager (which would allow that person to create and maintain user mailboxes).
2: Proactively monitor the server's health
Another major step you can take to reduce Exchange Server support costs is to be proactive in your server maintenance. A number of tools are on the market for monitoring Exchange Server's health, and I highly recommend investing in such a tool. Although you'll have to spend some money up front, the tool will likely reduce your costs in the long run. Exchange Server monitoring tools are designed to spot small problems so that you can correct them before they turn into big problems. This not only helps reduce down time, but it also reduces costs by doing the troubleshooting for you.
3: Use dedicated Exchange servers
Whenever possible, you should run Exchange on dedicated servers (physical or virtual) rather than attempting to host additional roles, services, or applications on an Exchange server. Using dedicated servers eliminates the possibility of an unrelated service or application interfering with Exchange.
Using dedicated servers also helps improve security because a dedicated server has a smaller attack surface than a server that's performing multiple duties. Furthermore, if anything does go wrong with the Exchange server, the problem is often easier to troubleshoot if Exchange is the only thing running on the server.
4: Build redundancy into your Exchange Server organization
Few things drive up support costs the way an unanticipated failure does. Several types of costs are incurred when a server fails. First, there is the cost of paying the IT staff to fix the problem. There may also be costs associated with replacement parts or support calls to Microsoft. Although such costs can be significant, they are minor in comparison to the costs that occur because of how the failure affects the end users.
If users are affected by a failure, they can't properly do their job. At best, this means they're being paid to wait around for the server to come back up. At worst, an Exchange Server failure translates directly to lost revenue because customers are unable to communicate with employees.
While you may not always be able to completely prevent failures from occurring, you can prevent users from being affected by those failures by building redundancy into your Exchange Server organization. Microsoft supports failover clustering only for mailbox servers, but you can achieve redundancy for other Exchange Server roles through load balancing.
5: Periodically run the Exchange Server Best Practices Analyzer
Finally, I recommend that you periodically run the Exchange Server Best Practices Analyzer (ExBPA). In case you're not familiar with the ExBPA, it's a free tool that analyzes your Exchange Server organization to make sure your configuration adheres to Microsoft's recommended best practices. The Best Practices Analyzer started life as a downloadable tool, but it's now included in the Exchange Management Console Toolbox section in Exchange 2007 and Exchange 2010.
I recommend periodically running the tool because Microsoft is known to change its recommendations from time to time. As Microsoft's recommended best practices evolve, those changes are reflected in the ExBPA. As a general rule, I suggest running the ExBPA once a month or any time you make a configuration change.
Editor's Picks


text:
Introduction / History
The Chara or as also known the Tsara are part of the Gimira cluster which includes the Dizi, the Nao, the Benesho, the She. The Chara, with other people groups in the Gimira cluster, inhabit the extreme southern and southwestern reaches of the densely forested Kaffa highlands of southwestern Ethiopia. They are more inaccessible compared to the Nao as they live in the most southerly extension of the Nao highlands. They together with the Nao were the indigenous inhabitants of the land. They speak Chara language, an Omotic language which has 54% lexical similarity with Wolaita. The Chara subsist by farming. They also were numerous until they were decimated through war and the frequent slave raids. They are predominantly adherents to ethnic religion. Along with their ethnic religion the Chara practice a syncretized form of the Orthodox form of Christianity.
* Ask the Lord to raise up a people who pray for this unique people.
* Ask the Lord to strengthen the existing, indigenous church to reach its people.
* Pray for gospel resources to be available in their language.
|Profile Source: MANI|


text:
A balloon race from London to Hampshire, 1880. Coloured wood engraving, 1880.
- Murray, William Bazett, active _PHONE_.
Selected images from this work
About this work
An aeronautic match on 21 March 1880 between the French balloon République de France and the English balloon Eclipse. flying from the Crystal Palace at Sydenham, where there was snow on the ground, to Long Island, near Havant (République de France) and Hayling Island (Eclipse). "A rush down" shows the descent of the Eclipse through clouds of ballast sand that it had discarded earlier. The prize for the winner was not awarded (Illustrated London news, loc. cit.)
Where to find it
Location Status AccessClosed stores


text:
Climbing our aerial adventure park is an extremely safe activity as long as all of the Course Rules are followed. All climbers must follow the safety instructions from our expert park monitors and guides.
TreeHoppers set the gold standard for aerial adventure park course construction and management in Central Florida, with the following:
- Our course was engineered to adhere to all industry standards for maximum loads and forces.
- TreeHoppers was constructed by an expert team of fabricators, meeting or exceeding industry standard construction.
- Each of our park monitors and guides receive a rigorous, ACCT-derived training program to fully prepare them for any scenario they may encounter.
- Daily inspections of both aerial and ground elements take place before a single customer climbs in the park.
- Climbing harnesses are provided to each participant. These are the same types of harnesses used by professional climbers throughout the world. Each customer is personally fitted by our expert park monitors and guides to ensure a snug, safe fit.
- We use the proprietary Bornack safety lanyards with all of our climbing harnesses. While the cost of this safety system is several times more than what some of our competitors use, it is a nearly error proof system that even small children can use with ease. Simply put, the system is nearly impossible to unhook the Bornack safety lanyard from our lifeline cable system, even if attempted intentionally.
Trust TreeHoppers for a safe, adventurous day of fun!


text:
Definitions of comical
a. - Relating to comedy.
a. - Exciting mirth; droll; laughable; as, a comical story.
The word "comical" uses 7 letters: A C C I L M O.
No direct anagrams for comical found in this word list.
Words formed by adding one letter before or after comical (in bold), or to accilmo in any order:
s - cosmical x - cacomixl
Shorter words found within comical:
acmic ai ail aim al am ami calico calm calo cam ciao claim clam coal coca coil col cola colic coma comal comic la lac laic lam li lima limo lo loam loca loci ma mac mail malic mi mica mil milo mo moa moc moil mol mola oca oil om
List shorter words within comical, sorted by length
Words formed from any letters in comical, plus an optional blank or existing letter
List all words starting with comical, words containing comical or words ending with comical
All words formed from comical by changing one letter
Other words with the same letter pairs: co om mi ic ca al
Browse words starting with comical by next letter
Previous word in list: comic
Next word in list: comicalities
Some random words: duad


text:
In the past, Harvest Moon has been more of a farming simulation with a little bit of role playing added in. Harvest Moon: Save the Homeland takes the series in a new direction, by offering a deeper and more robust role-playing experience. It might be best described as a 'Life Simulation'. The object of Harvest Moon: Save the Homeland is to successfully save the village from being turned into a resort. Construction begins in a year, so you must find a way to save your homeland before that. Harvest Moon: Save the Homeland focuses more attention on relationships than that of making money. Befriending the people in town is the key to successfully completing your task. This is the first Harvest Moon title to be in a true 3-D environment. It looks much more realistic, yet it will not lose the cute animation aspect that all Harvest Moon titles are known for.
- 20 new characters each with their own unique personalities
- Explore a 3-Dimensional environment rich in detail9 Unique endings to the game
- More interaction with your animals, such as training your dog and racing your horse
- Enjoy hours or non-linear game play
- Collect and cook various recipes
- Earn various key items during part-time jobs!


text:
Smoke from moorland wildfires may hold toxic blast from the past | Innovation Tech
THE UK's largest wildfire for decades is almost under control after blazing for a week during the country's longest heat wave since 1976. But with no rain forecast for at least a week, peat burning underground at Saddleworth Moor near Manchester could continue to smoulder, generating hazardous smoke. The same could happen on moorland at Winter Hill (pictured), 50 kilometres away, which burned for five days before being put out.
Fire chiefs tackling the Saddleworth blaze say it has consumed up to 20 square kilometres of moor and scrubland. Although surface fires are all but out, peat below ground continues to smoulder and can only be completely extinguished with a two or three-day downpour. "Without rain, it's very difficult to put out," says Hugh Coe, a professor of atmospheric composition at the University of Manchester.
As it continues to smoulder and burn, the peat reignites sporadic surface fires, and spews potentially hazardous smoke. "The worst hazard is the small-particulate matter, which exacerbates lung problems, asthma, allergy and chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder," says Coe. Burning peat debris also gets coated with cancer-causing chemicals called polyaromatic hydrocarbons.
But because of extensive toxic fallout from factories a century ago, there could be other hazards. "There's 100 years' of pollution buried along with the peat as it formed," says Coe. This could mean that toxic heavy metals such as lead and cadmium are taking to the air in fly ash.
This article appeared in print under the headline "Wildfire smoke hazard"
More on these topics:


The history of the Triumph GT6

The GT6 was a 6-cylinder sports coupé built by Standard-Triumph and based on their popular Triumph Spitfire convertible. Production ran from 1966 to 1973.
In early 1963 Giovanni Michelotti was commissioned by Standard-Triumph to design a GT version of their recently introduced Spitfire 4 (also designed by Michelotti). An unmodified Spitfire 4 was transported to Michelotti's design studios in Italy and late in 1963 the prototype Spitfire GT4 was returned to England for evaluation. The styling of the vehicle was a success but unfortunately the extra weight of the GT bodyshell resulted in extremely poor performance, with the 1,147 cc (70 cu in) Spitfire power unit, and plans for producing the Spitfire GT4 were shelved.
However, Michelotti's fastback design for the Spitfire GT4 prototype was (for the 1964 season) adopted by the Triumph racing-programme as it was deemed to provide an aerodynamic benefit over the standard Spitfire body-shape. Fibreglass copies of the Spitfire GT4's fastback were grafted on to the race-modified Spitfires destined for competition. The Spitfire racing-programme was successful and, in 1965, resulted in a 1st in category at the prestigious Le Mans 24 Hour (beating their main rivals, the MG Midgets). The competitive success of the Spitfire racing-programme, as well as the continued commercial success of the production vehicle led Triumph to re-evaluate its shelved plans for a GT version of the Spitfire. To overcome the lack of performance inherent in the heavier body-style the Spitfire's 4 cylinder engine was replaced with the more powerful 2 litre 6 cylinder engine from the Triumph Vitesse (which shared a similar chassis with both the Spitfire and Triumph Herald). The car was further developed and refined and eventually launched as the Triumph GT6 (dropping the "Spitfire" prefix) to identify its GT styling and its 6 cylinder engine.
Contemporary Triumph marketing advertised the GT6 as being developed from the "race winning Le Mans Spitfires" to capitalise on their aesthetic similarities, whereas the Le Mans Spitfires and the GT6 were actually two entirely separate development programmes (the GT programme predating the racing programme). However, the marketing spin was so successful that many people erroneously believed the Le Mans Spitfires to actually be GT6s.
The new car was introduced in 1966 and called the Triumph GT6. The new body was a sleek fastback design with an opening rear hatch (This gave the GT6 the nickname "Poor man's E-Type"). It was really a 2-seater, but a small extra rear seat could be ordered if required and was large enough for small children. The family resemblance to the Spitfire Mk II was strong, the longer 6-cylinder engine necessitated a new bonnet top with a power bulge and the doors were provided with opening quarter light windows and squared-off glass in the top rear corner. The 6-cylinder engine was tuned to develop 95 bhp (71 kW) and necessitated certain changes to the Spitfire mechanics; the radiator was new and mounted further forward in the car and the gearbox was the stronger unit from the Vitesse, with optional overdrive. Front springs were uprated to cope with the extra weight from the new engine. The interior of the GT6 was well equipped; a wooden dashboard housed a full complement of instruments, with carpets and heater included as standard.
The new car had some very strong selling points. The new engine provided a 106 mph (171 km/h) top speed and 0-60 mph in 11.7 seconds, a little better than the MGB GT. Moreover, the unit was comparatively smooth and tractable, in marked contrast to the MG's rather harsh 4-cylinder motor. Fuel economy was very reasonable for the period and the interior well up to the competition. The only major criticism was of its rear suspension; the GT6 inherited the swing-axle system from the Spitfire, which in turn was copied from the Herald small saloon. In the saloon it was tolerated, in the little Spitfire it was not liked and in the powerful GT6 it was heavily criticised. Triumph had done nothing to improve the system for the GT6 and the tendency to break away if the driver lifted off the power mid-corner was not helped at all by the increased weight at the front of the car. The handling was most bitterly criticised in the USA, an important export market for Triumph, where they were traditionally very strong. Similar criticism was being levelled at the Vitesse saloon, which shared both the GT6's engine and it's handling problems.
Triumph realised that they needed to find an answer to the problem, if only to keep their reputation in the USA. Their response came with the 1969 model year, with the introduction of the GT6 MK2, known in the States as the GT6+. The rear suspension was significantly re-engineered using reversed lower wishbones and rotoflex driveshaft couplings, taming the handling and turning the Triumph into an MGB-beater. The Vitesse was also modified, but the Spitfire had to wait until 1970 for any improvements to be made.
There were other changes for the MK2: the front bumper was raised (in common with the Spitfire Mk.3) to conform to new crash regulations, necessitating a revised front end, and side vents were added to the front wings and rear pillars. Under the bonnet, the engine was uprated to develop 104 bhp with a new cylinder head, camshaft, and manifolds. The interior was also updated with a new dashboard and better ventilation, a 2-speed heater fan and a black headlining. Overdrive remained a popular option.
The final major facelift for the GT6 came in 1970, to make the MK3. This time the whole bodyshell was revised to match the changes made to the Spitfire Mk.IV; these included a cut-off rear end, recessed door handles and a smoother front end. Only detail changes were made to the mechanics, but in 1973 - close to the end of the car's life - the rear suspension was changed again, this time for the cheaper (but still effective) 'swing-spring' layout also fitted to the Spitfire Mk.IV. This was a modification of the swing axle rear suspension used on the lesser Herald-derived models, with the transverse leaf spring mounted on a pivot, eliminating roll stiffness at the rear, and thus greatly reducing the jacking effect under cornering loads. To compensate for this loss of roll stiffness, a larger front anti-roll bar was fitted. A brake servo was also added in 1973, and seats were changed from vinyl to cloth. There was still a fairly comprehensive options list, but the attractive 'knock-on' wire wheels were no longer available. Performance for the MK3 was basically similar to the MK2, top speed of 117 mph (188 km/h) and a 0-60 time of 10.1 seconds; this was now comfortably ahead of the MGB GT, which topped out at about 105 mph (169 km/h) and reached 60 mph in approximately 13 seconds. Unfortunately, the last U.S. models performed comparatively poorly, as compression ratios were lowered to accommodate lower octane unleaded petrol.
The GT6 proved to be a thoroughly pleasant, well-behaved sports car, certainly after the launch of the MK2. However it never sold in the numbers hoped for by Triumph, and was comprehensively beaten in the marketplace by the arguably inferior MGB. This seems a puzzle; the smaller-engined Spitfire sold better than the MG Midget, but this success eluded the GT6. Triumph always refused to release an official convertible version of the GT6 (although a number of owners successfully created one), and this may be partly responsible; the only likely explanation for this is their reluctance to offer any competition for their TR6 roadster, a strong seller in the USA. Whatever the reason, the GT6 was quietly dropped from the Triumph range at the end of 1973, with a few cars being sold the year after.
Today the cars have a strong following on the classic car circuit in the UK and USA. Mechanics are exceptionally strong, and share many common parts with other Triumphs of the period. Survival rate is comparatively high and there is excellent support from owners clubs.
Triumph for sale

Triumph GT6 Mk II
1968 West Midlands
GBP10,500
Private sale Views: 55702
Triumph GT6 Mk I
1968 London
GBP4,800
Private sale Views: 5244
Triumph GT6 Mk I
1968 London
GBP5,000
Private sale Views: 3551
Triumph GT6 Mk I
1998 London
GBP3,100
Private sale Views: 4308
Triumph GT6 Mk III
1972 London
GBP4,700
Private sale Views: 2509
Triumph GT6 Mk III
1972 Hertfordshire
GBP4,500
Private sale Views: 28721