text:
Can portable concrete mixer be used with batching plant?
The answer is affirmative. Some models of concrete mixer also can be used with concrete batching machine just as engineering concrete mixer in common use.
Portable concrete mixer that can be used with concrete batching plant is characterized by: using lifting type of feeding, like the JZM series of friction drum concrete mixer, JZD350 lifting drum concrete mixer and JZC series portable concrete mixer. These concrete mixers are all meet the character.
Lifting type of concrete mixer is characterized by: its feeding system and stirring system use different motors. When portable concrete mixer is feeding, it can also do concrete mixing at the same time. And feeding and mixing donot affect each other.
Although these lifting drum concrete mixers can be used with concrete batching machine, in general, we manufacturers do not recommend of using portable concrete mixer with concrete batching plant. Besides. users generally do not choose this using way. The reason is that small concrete mixer's output is relatively small, so there is no need for using concrete batching machine.
To sum up, portable concrete mixer be used with batching plant is feasible. But people seldom use portable concrete mixer together with concrete batchign plant in general usage.


text:
Working with a large number of reaction steps and subsequent workup and isolation stages to identify potential problems in scale-up to pilot plant for clinical trial campaigns, and potentially to full scale for manufacturing, requires tools for identifying potential risks and mitigating them.
DynoChem provides tools that enable Reaction Engineers to work with Process Development Scientists to understand the API synthesis and identify issues that may 'spoil the chemistry' on scale. A wide range of ready-to-edit template models, physical property tools and mixing and heat transfer utilities are available to be applied rapidly to new projects.
For example, a user recently presented a case where they used DynoChem on a new API production in the lab, where the reaction time had been longer, the yield lower and the impurity level higher than expected.
They used DynoChem to identify conditions that would optimise the reaction conditions to provide a yield of 99%, shorten the time to End of Reaction and also minimise impurity formation. This was used to identify the reactor most suited to the operation and mixing requirements for successful scale-up.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


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How to Draw a Pickup Truck, Pickup Truck
Artist: MichaelY / March 5, 2013
How to Draw a Pickup Truck, Pickup Truck
Step 1.
There are many different types of pickup trucks and it's important to determine which type is appropriate for your illustration. Here are a few different examples to show the range of body types. You wouldn't want to draw a massive, modern, 4X4 truck
Step 2.
A lot of people make the mistake of assuming that a pickup truck is just a car with a truck bed in the back rather than back seats. This is hardly the case (except for some vintage models). Here is a side by side comparison of a car and pickup truck.
Step 3.
To draw a pickup truck, let's begin by laying down our basic guide lines. These lines do not have to be perfect, and they should be drawn very lightly with a 2H or harder pencil so that they are easily erasable later on. Draw a rectangular cube shape
Step 4.
Drawing vehicles of any kind can be very difficult for most people. It is important to remember is that, when looking at a vehicle straight on, both sides of a vehicle are identical to one another. They mirror each other. Keeping that fact in mind, l
Step 5.
Next, draw the grill of the truck just behind the mounted lights. The grill should be fairly simple, with just a few bars stretching across the width of the grill, rather than a bunch of crisscrossed lines. On either side of the grill, draw the prima
Step 6.
Next, let's draw the basic contours of the truck's body. Draw the top of the hood first, which will end near the base of out wedged cube guide. When drawing the base of the vehicle, be sure to draw the wheel wells. It is important to know the proper
Step 7.
Then draw the basic contours of the upper part of the cab by using the wedge cube guide lines for reference. Notice how even though the basic shape of the vehicle is very "squarish," the body has many rounded and curved contours to it.
Step 8.
Let's move on to drawing the windows. You can add more detail by including weather-stripping to the side window. Also leave a small triangle of plastic for the side mirror to mount to in the next step.
Step 9.
Add more feature such as the windshield wipers side mirrors. Be sure to draw the passenger side mirror peaking up from the far edge of the truck. Draw the door handle and gas cap. These features make the image more believable and lifelike.
Step 10.
Add in some decorative grooves down the sides of the truck and around the wheel wells. Also draw the door of the truck while you're at it. Be sure that the door properly molds to the shape of the truck's body.
Step 11.
Drawing the tires can by rather tricky. To do it properly, draw squares in the location of the tires. The tops of the squares should start in the middle of the wheel wells and extend well beyond the base of the vehicle. Then draw an X from corner to
Step 12.
To draw the actual circle, draw the lines of the circle through the points where the inner X meets the sides and tops of the squares. This will create properly proportionate circles, but they are not yet three dimensional.
Step 13.
To make the circles three dimensional enough to look like tires, use the above methods to create a partner circle next to your original circle. Then, draw a line from the top edge of the first circle, to the top edge of the new circle, as seen here w
Step 14.
Then darken the proper lines and erase all unneeded lines. You should now have disk or cylindrical shaped objects which resemble the basic shape of tires. You can use the same method to draw the front, passenger side tire. However, this third tire wi
Step 15.
Add more detail to the tires be added tread. Make the tread as simple or as complex as you'd like. Larger groove in the tread suggests that the vehicle is used for off-roading. Very smooth treads suggests that the tires are worn and the vehicle has b
Step 16.
Finish the wheels by drawing the rims. The lug bolts mount in the center of the tire and the arms of the rims reach out and hold the tire. Don't forget to add in mud-flaps while you're at it.
Step 17.
We are almost done, but we need to draw the front and rear axles peaking down from underside of the truck. These don't have to be super detailed, since we will shade them in the next step. Without them, however, the truck looks unfinished and less
Step 18.
Next, shade in the wheel wells, the axels, and the third tire. This gives the image a sense of depth and perspective. You can add additional shading if you wish, but be sure to establish a light source.
Step 19.
Finally, ink your image using either a brush and ink, or Micron markers. Use a ruler and, if available, a flex curve. Be sure not to ink any unneeded guide lines or sketch marks. After the ink has dried, erase your pencil marks. You should now have a
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text:
This House of Commons briefing note gives and overview of the current position of part-time undergraduate education in England. It gives an overview of the numbers of part-time students, the decline in part-time students and discusses the reasons for the decline and the impact on the higher education sector.Jump to full report >>
Up until 2006/07 the number of part-time undergraduate students in England had been rising annually. This steady rise in numbers changed to a fall in 2008/09 and this decline became precipitous from 2011/12.
From a peak of almost 590,000 in 2008/09 part-time student numbers fell to 270,000 in 2018/19; a fall of 53%.
The cause of the collapse in part-time student numbers is complex. The fall in numbers has been attributed to a number of factors: the policy of removing funding for equivalent or lower level qualifications (ELQs), the economic downturn and the 2012 higher education funding reforms which led to an increase in tuition fees.
Part-time students are a very different group demographically to full-time undergraduate students and are less homogenous. Part-time students tend to be older than full-time students and high numbers are female. They are more likely to be in work and have caring responsibilities. Understanding the motivations and behaviours of part-time students could be key to reversing the downward trend in numbers.
The decline in part-time students is more than a concern for individual students. Individuals tend to undertake part-time studies to improve their skills, or to reskill for employment purposes. Part-time higher education can therefore create a more highly skilled workforce which benefits the whole economy and is essential to increase national productivity.
There are also equality issues around part-time education as a high proportion of part-time students come from disadvantaged backgrounds or have disabilities. Part-time higher education is therefore an important part of the widening participation agenda and is a driver of social mobility.
The state of part-time higher education therefore has a far reaching impact and reversing the decline in part-time students could have potentially wide ranging benefits for individuals, society and the economy.
Commons Briefing papers CBP-7966
Authors: Susan Hubble; Paul Bolton

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
From Ohio History Central
United Romanian Societies Carpatina of Cleveland
The Carpatina Society is the first Romanian mutual-benefit society in Cleveland, Ohio. It also is the first such society in the United States of America.
Forty-one Romanian Ohioans established the Carpatina Society on November 1, 1902. The society's original purpose was to provide Romanian immigrants with a social and cultural institution to practice traditional Romanian customs and beliefs. The Carpatina Society also provided members with financial assistance if they became ill or helped with funeral costs if a family member died. In 1917, the Carpatina Society built its own meeting hall. The structure was known as Carpatina Hall. Cleveland's Carpatina Society continues to enhance Ohio's cultural landscape at the start of the twenty-first century.
- Van Tassel, David D., and John J. Grabowski, eds. The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1996.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Book Reviews
The Promise of Christmas
The Sleighmaker
Reviewed by
Dana A. Lagmay linked the story of Jesus with the myth of Santa Claus in The First Christmas, the introductory volume in his The Promise of Christmas series. The second installment, The Sleighmaker, continues these threads. The new novel offers just enough background so that either story can be read independently, though more enjoyment will likely be garnered through reading the books together.
Twelve years after Jesus's birth, Prince Ezra—protagonist of both novels and son of King Caspar of Arabia, one of the Magi—is now married to Hannah, the beautiful Siberian Princess. They have two children together, a son and a daughter, Nikko and Dasha.
Near Jerusalem, Prince Ezra, King Caspar, Nikko, and their entourage come across Mary and Joseph, who are trying to find their son. Nikko and the others join the search for the boy and, in doing so, stumble upon thieves who want to kidnap them and hold them for ransom. Jesus comes to their rescue. He then presents a special gift to Prince Ezra and reminds him of a promise that was made a long time ago and still needs to be fulfilled.
Later, Ivan, former enemy of Prince Ezra and now a blacksmith in Siberia, builds a special sleigh that becomes instrumental in an unexpected, magical way. The sleigh, pulled by reindeer, is used as part of a rescue effort when Dasha and her Aunt Vera are kidnapped by the same thieves Prince Ezra encountered earlier.
Some of Lagmay's characters are one-dimensional and are moved around like chess pieces on the board of the narrative. Fortunately, other characters are strong and unforgettable, like Prince Ezra, Princess Hannah, Nikko, and Dasha. The relationship among these characters, like an engine of unconditional love, forms the heart of the novel. Such a strong core may allow some readers to overlook the typos, misspellings, and awkward sentence structure that are all abundant in the book.
The factor that most significantly affects the quality of the novel is that it is written in an inconsistent and clumsy present tense. Lagmay writes, "Jesus then handed the box with the carpenter tools to Ezra and offers him more to think about." In another example, he writes, "Prince Ezra cannot dismiss what Nikko has last said." Numerous instances of faulty syntax slow the pace of the narrative.
Additionally, it can be difficult to determine when scenes are transitioning. Weighty exposition at these points often creates a too-obvious sense of authorial intrusion. Many scenes in the book would be stronger had they been incorporated into the narrative as pieces of the story that show, rather than tell, what happens.
Lagmay's writing has sincerity and conveys a sense of spirituality and innocence that is similar to Helen Taylor's work in Little Pilgrim's Progress, an adaptation of John Bunyan's Pilgrim's Progress. The love and respect Lagmay clearly has for his characters is endearing to the extent that readers may be able to turn a blind eye to the novel's shortcomings.
A third volume in the series, The Promise of Christmas: The Promise Kept, is expected*.*
Comment on this book


Đorđe Relić Đorđe Relić - 1 year ago 66
C++ Question
Why do we use pointers for complex classes when defining union in parser file?
I'm working on a parser for RDDL and, as I've done it before, when I define union which contains types I use, I use pointers. E.g.
%union {
double d;
int i;
std::string *str;
std::vector<std::string> *vectorStr;
RDDLBlock *rddlBlock;
Domain *domain;
DefineType *defineType;
std::vector<DefineType*> *vectorDefineType;
DomainList *domainList;
std::vector<PvarDefinition*> *vectorPvarDefinition;
PvarDefinition *pVarDefinition;
CpfDefinition *cpfDefinition;
std::vector<CpfDefinition*> *vectorCpfDefinition;
PvarExpression *pVarExpression;
LogicalExpression *logicalExpression;
std::vector<LogicalExpression*> *vectorLogicalExpression;
LConstCaseList *lConstCaseList;
CaseDefine *caseDefine;
std::vector<CaseDefine*> *vectorCaseList;
Parameter *parameter;
ParameterList *parameterList;
ObjectDefine *objectDefine;
std::vector<ObjectDefine*> *objectsList;
PvariablesInstanceDefine* pvariablesInstanceDefine;
std::vector<PvariablesInstanceDefine*> *pvariablesInstanceList;
Instance *instance;
NonFluentBlock *nonFluentBlock;
}
This is the way I saw most people implement multiple token types in parsers. While searching for this answer on the web, all I saw are the examples and no explanation on why we have to use pointers. One of my tasks now is to 'clean pointers' where ever that is possible. So my question is, why do we (have to) use pointers in unions in this case?
EDIT: Added full list of types defined in union.
Answer Source
You don't have to use pointers. As you can see, neither double nor int are pointers.
As to "why do we use" part then, we should remember some properties of union.
 1. sizeof union_t must be at least as big as the biggest member. So you don't want union with a single word int and some 1KB class by value. And pointer almost always have fixed small size.
 2. In C++ world, many classes (for your example, std::string and std::vector) have non-trivial copy constructors and destructors. For such classes, it is unsafe to put them in union (standard forbids it, as far as I know, but some compilers allow).


Quick Answer: What Do You Understand By Muta Marriage?
Is Mutah allowed?
No, Mutah is not allowed anymore.
It was allowed at that time when soldiers use to be on borders in war away from their families.
In order to prevent rapes and such things Mutah was introduced (Contract marriage) In which marriage everything is same but the time period was short..
Can a married woman do Mutah?
Mutah is just like normal marriage, and since the Muslim religion allows the marriage to a Christian woman, then Mutah to a Christian woman is accepted as well.
What is a Milka marriage?
The marriage is opening doors for an intimate relationship between husband and wife. There are only two things that are prohibited: The anal way. The prophet said: "Do not have anal sex with your women." (Ibn Majah, an-Nasai, Ahmad) However it is allowed to have intimacy through for example kissing a.
Is Mutah Marriage Haram?
The mut'ah is practised by Shia Muslims while Sunni Muslims generally consider it haram – forbidden. The mut'ah is particularly popular on university campuses and, according to Omar Farooq Khan, president of the Ahlul Bayt Islamic Society at Bradford University, the practice is on the increase among Shia students.
What is the meaning of Mutah?
Mut'ah, literally meaning joy, is a condition where rules of Islam are relaxed. It can apply to marriage (the nikah mut'ah) or to the Hajj (the obligatory pilgrimage) (the Mut'ah of Hajj). … Shias and Sunnis do agree that, initially, or near the beginning of Islam, Nikah mut'ah was a legal contract.
What is Muta marriage and what are its conditions?
A muta marriage is dissolved ipso facto by the expiry of the term. No right of divorce is recognized in muta, but the husband may, at his will, put an end to the contract by 'making a gift of the term' to the wife, even before the terms ends. … Dower is a necessary condition of muta.
Who can Mutah?
Men and women are not on a par in every aspect of mut'a. A man can simultaneously enter into multiple temporary marriages, but a woman can have only one temporary husband at a time. A married man can have a mut'a marriage, but not a married woman. The rule of sexual abstinence too does not apply to men.
Can a Syed girl marry non Syed?
I was born into a Syed family. Since childhood, I've been told that this is a blessing as we are the direct descendants of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). Therefore, all Syed girls had a status equivalent to that of mothers of Ummah. Thus, it was forbidden for us to even consider marrying a non-Syed man.
Is Mutah mentioned in the Quran?
Narration. A hadith in Sahih Bukhari states: Narrated 'Imran: The Verse of Mut'ah was revealed in Allah's Book, so we performed it with Allah's Apostle, and nothing was revealed in Qur'an to make it illegal, nor did the Prophet prohibit it till he died.
What is the difference between nikah and marriage?
In Islamic law, marriage – or more specifically, the marriage contract – is called nikah, an Arabic word which already in the Quran is used exclusively to refer to the contract of marriage.
Is Dower essential for nikah?
Mahr is a consideration for marriage only if marriage under Islamic law is purely a civil contract. However, if nikah purely is not a civil contract than dower cannot regarded as consideration for marriage. … However, that is not correct dower (mahr) is not an essential condition of marriage.
What is the period of Iddat?
For a woman whose husband has died, the 'iddah is four lunar months and ten days after the death of her husband, whether or not the marriage was consummated. If a woman is pregnant when she is widowed or divorced, the 'iddah lasts until she gives birth.


text:
Ancient instruments play again through HPC
Ancient musical instruments can be heard for the first time in hundreds of years, due to a computer modelling project.
ASTRA (Ancient instruments Sound/Timbre Reconstruction Application) has recreated the sounds of the harp-like Epigonion musical instrument from Ancient Greece and has performed one of the oldest known musical scores dating back to the Middle Ages. To achieve this it used the advanced GÉANT2 and EUMEDCONNECT research networks to link high capacity computers together, sharing information to enable the computer-intensive modelling of musical sounds.
Knowledge of the Epigonion musical instrument, dating back from the Ancient Greek era, is based on archaeological findings, historical pictures and literature. Using this archaeological data as an input, it was then transformed by a complex digital audio rendering technique to model the actual sound of the instrument. This advanced physical modelling synthesis creates a virtual model of the instrument and reproduces the sound that the instrument might have made by simulating its behaviour as a mechanical system.
The Epigonion is a wooden string instrument that musicians have likened the sound to something similar to a modern harp or a harpsichord. The ASTRA team have compiled the sounds of four Epigonion instruments to recreate a medieval musical piece, making this the first time that these instruments have been heard performing together.
'The combination of the high speed GÉANT2 and EUMEDCONNECT networks and grid computing infrastructures provide the immense computing power vital for this exciting project,' said Dr La Rocca, co-ordinator of ASTRA gridification. 'Previously the amount of computing power needed to recreate ancient music was unobtainable, but the use of high capacity research networks provides us with the ability to turn our research into reality.'
The physical modelling process needs extreme amounts of computing power – taking about four hours for a high powered computer to correctly reproduce a sound lasting only 30 seconds. To bring together sufficient power and to share information the ASTRA project is using the GILDA and EUMEDGRID grid computing infrastructures, which link computing resources across the Mediterranean at high speed (up to 2.5Gbps) through the GÉANT2 and EUMEDCONNECT research networks.
The benefits of the collaborative approach used in this project are far reaching. ASTRA not only makes it possible to recreate instruments that previously would have been either too expensive or too difficult to manufacture by hand, it also allows any model and its associated data to be accessed by our collaborators. Research data can therefore be shared around the world, making it a truly international project of immense value to working archaeologists and historians.


March 9, 2016
Understanding pagination: REST, GraphQL, and Relay
Sashko Stubailo
Open Source Eng Manager
@stubailo
BackendPagination
Last updated May 19, 2021
One topic that comes up all the time when talking about data loading in modern applications is pagination — splitting long lists of data into chunks. It's often glossed over in introductory tutorials, and a lot of apps can even get away with avoiding some of the dusty corners of the problem. But when you get into the weeds, you start to wonder — has anyone actually figured this out?
In this post, I'll cover some different approaches to pagination in REST and GraphQL:
 1. Pagination: what is it for?
 2. What are different types of pagination, and when are they useful?
 3. What is it like to implement these different types?
 4. How does all of this lead to Relay's pagination spec for GraphQL?
 5. Is there a single best solution? (Spoiler alert: no, as always)
There's a lot of stuff I won't get to in this post, so I'd love to see any responses about what pagination issues you have run into in your apps, and how you resolved them!
If you aren't familiar with GraphQL, you might want to check out this quick introduction: The Basics of GraphQL in 5 Links.
Pagination: What is it for?
Before getting into the technical bits, it's always good to stop and think — what are we even trying to achieve? In which situations is it useful to display and load data in chunks, or "pages"?
 1. We have too many items to display, and it would be a mental overload for the user to see them all at once — perhaps we only want this display to take up part of the page, or we have a footer that we want them to get to. This is a UX concern.
 2. We have too many items to load, and it would overload our backend, the connection, or the client to load all of the items at once. This is a performance concern.
Depending on the situation, we might want to address one or both of the concerns. If (1) is the only issue, then client-side pagination using JavaScript filters can be good enough, so in this article we'll mostly focus on (2), and how to efficiently load data while having a great end-user experience.
Types of pagination UX
From the user's point of view, pagination shows up in three main forms:
Numbered pages, like in a book, or in Google search results— you can say things like "we're on the third page of Google" and expect it to be consistent over some period of time. This is a throwback to the days of print where once something was on a certain page, it never moved.
Sequential pages, which aren't numbered; in this case either the pages are specific to a user or the content changes so rapidly that it isn't meaningful to have page numbers at all, for example on Reddit:
Infinite scroll, which tries to create the illusion of one very long page, because you're consuming a "feed" of items. It isn't necessarily important what page you are on, you just scroll to get more content. The easiest examples are the Twitter or Facebook news feeds, where there is no concept of next page or previous page:
We still call this pagination (even though there aren't pages in the UI) from a technical point of view, because the implementation under the hood is likely to be similar. In fact, there are browser extensions like Reddit Enhancement Suite that convert page-by-page UX into an infinite scroll.
It seems like most modern apps today use either the second or third approach — in the world where your app's content is constantly changing, it doesn't make sense to create the illusion of numbered pages. Almost everything these days is some sort of customized feed, often with a different order or composition for every user. But, ironically, numbered pages are the most straightforward to implement with today's databases and technologies, so let's talk about that first.
Implementation: Numbered pages
Even though numbered pages are often less useful for modern apps than the alternative pagination models, everyone who has used SQL before knows how to implement them naively:
// We want page 3, with a page size of 10, so we should
// load 10 items, starting after item 20
SELECT * FROM posts ORDER BY created_at LIMIT 10 OFFSET 20;
You might also want to know the total number of entries or pages in the results. This can be useful displaying the total number of pages or results in your UI. To get this information, you can run another query:
SELECT COUNT(*) FROM posts;
Boom! Paginating with page numbers is pretty simple, and shows why a lot of apps use page numbers even when it semantically doesn't make much sense — it's easy to add a skip and limit to a query. This approach also maps easily on to REST and GraphQL, let's take a quick look:
In REST, you simply hit an endpoint with a page query parameter (this is what Discourse, the popular forum software, does):
GET _URL_
In GraphQL, you can simply have a query that accepts the same parameter:
{
 latest(page: 2) {
 title,
 category {
 name
 }
 }
}
So what's the catch? This strategy is so simple to implement and it prevents us from loading too much data, so why don't we just stop here? Well, it's up to you to decide based on your app's requirements.
Drawbacks of page numbering
For mostly static content where items don't move between pages frequently, page numbers are great. But in today's web, that's just not the case. Specifically, items are sometimes added and removed while the user is navigating to different pages. There are a couple things you want to avoid:
 1. Skipping an item. If you are running a product website, maybe that's the item the user would have bought, and your pagination scheme never even displayed it to them! Or maybe this is a chat window, and when you were loading messages you skipped one by accident. That could really ruin the flow of the conversation.
 2. Displaying the same item twice. This isn't as bad as skipping something, but it makes your website seem janky if while navigating sequential pages or scrolling through an infinite scrolling newsfeed I see the same item twice in a row. This can happen if a new item was added at the top of the list, causing the skip and limit approach to show the item at the boundary between pages twice.
(The diagrams in this SitePoint article about real-time pagination really make the issue clear: Paginating Real-Time Data with Cursor Based Pagination)
In short, rather than the mental model of pages in a book, which implies a static data set, we need a new one: that the user has a stable window into an ever-updating stream of data:
This means that for certain kinds of apps, the concept of a "Page 1" or "Page 2" doesn't make sense because the set of data and the boundaries between loaded sections is constantly changing.
Cursor-based pagination
If you look at the diagram above, a solution presents itself — what if we could just specify the place in the list we want to begin, and then how many items we want to fetch? Then it doesn't matter how many items were added to the top of the list in the meanwhile, since we have a constant pointer to the specific spot where we left off. This pointer is called a cursor. The cursor is a piece of data, generally some kind of ID, that represents a location in a paginated list. So to fetch more data, we need two parameters:
 1. The cursor to start with, and
 2. The number of items (could be fixed)
Let's look at the URL of our browser as we click through pages of Reddit:
// Front page
_URL_ Next...
_URL_ Next...
_URL_
In this case, the page size is always fixed to 25, so that isn't part of the URL. The count field is actually just cosmetic and tells the UI where to count from for the post numbers on the left. Try picking a page and just removing the count parameter from the URL, it works fine! So really we just need the after field, which is the cursor that identifies the last post we saw.
So what do we need to do to implement this style of pagination?
Implementation: Cursor-style pagination
Let's say we have an after cursor which is an encoded timestamp of the last item we saw in our list, and we want to fetch 25 items after that.
Now we can write some simple code that will get us the next page of results:
SELECT * FROM posts
WHERE created_at < $after
ORDER BY created_at LIMIT $page_size;
In this case, the "after" cursor value is a timestamp, but it can be anything at all, as long as you can deserialize it into a starting point to fetch the next set of items. One particular benefit of having an encoded cursor with


Chemical Lightsticks!
home segments chm 099 chm 100 contact ck

The Chemical Kim
Science Showchemical lightsticks!

Chemical Lightsticks!
Seeing all the ghost and goblins trick or treating this Halloween I noticed many of them wearing a chemical reaction around their necks. That chemical reaction is a lightstick.

Explanation:
Inside the lightstick contains two liquids that when mixed energy is released in the form of light. This light is called chemiluminescence. Liquid 1 contains diphenyl oxalate containing a fluorescent dye and the liquid 2 contains a solution of hydrogen peroxide. The color of the fluorescent dye is what provides the different colors of light emitted.
When the two liquids mix a chemical reaction takes place that excites the electrons in the fluorescent dye. The behavior of these excited electrons is what releases energy in the form of light.
As a safety note: the chemicals in the lightsticks are irritants, not
poisons. Therefore if kids do have contact with the liquids they are to rinse thoroughly with water. If ingested it's important to rinse as much out as possible and follow up with
poison control just for precautionary measure. As with all chemicals, adult supervision is a must. Proper clothing and eye protection will assist to minimize harmful exposure.


Is Aluminum a Solid, Liquid or Gas?
DiamondBack Truck Covers/CC-BY-SA 2.0
The physical state of aluminum is dependant on the temperature. This metal exists as a solid at temperatures below its melting point of 1220.58 degrees Fahrenheit, at which it becomes a liquid. At temperatures above 4566 Degrees Fahrenheit, aluminum becomes a gas.
Until 1886, aluminum was rare and more valuable than gold. Charles Martin Hall's discovery of an electrolytic reduction process made aluminum less valuable and more common in use. Its special properties allow manufacturers to find new applications regularly. Recycling aluminum products requires far less energy than refining more aluminum from ore. In the United States, approximately half of the 1 billion aluminum cans shipped annually are recycled.
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c_2)] \\ &= \mathrm{sgn}(a_1)|a_1|Q[c_1] + \mathrm{sgn}(a_2)|a_2|Q[c_2] \\ &= a_1Q[c_1] + a_2 Q[c_2] \end{align} In summary, by thinking about heat as a functional on paths, and by imposing physically reasonable constraints on that functional, we have argued that heat is a $1$-cochain.
From cochains to differential forms.
Now that we have argued that heat can be thought of as a $1$-cochain, let's show how this leads to modeling "infinitesimal" changes in heat with a differential $1$-form.
This is where things get really mathematically interesting. We first recall the definition of a differential $k$-form over a $k$-chain. If $\omega$ is a $k$-form, and $c = a_1c_1 + \cdots a_Nc_N$ is a $k$-chain, then we define the integral of $\omega$ over $c$ as follows: \begin{align} \int_c\omega = a_1\int_{c_1} \omega + \cdots + a_N\int_{c_N}\omega. \end{align} In other words, we integrate $\omega$ over each $k$-cube $c_i$ in the chain multiplied by the appropriate signed magnitude $a_i$ associated with that cube, and then we add up all of the results to get the integral over the chain as a whole. For example, if $k=1$ then we have an integral of a $1$-form over a $1$-chain which is usually just called a line integral.
Now notice that given any $k$-form $\omega$, there exists a corresponding cochain, which we'll call $F_\omega$, defined by \begin{align} F_\omega[c] = \int_c\omega \end{align} for any $k$-chain $c$. In other words, integration of a form over a chain can simply be thought of as applying a particular linear functional to that chain.
But here's the really cool thing. The construction we just exhibited shows that to every differential form, there corresponds a cochain $F_\omega$ given by integration of $\omega$. A natural question then arises: is there a mapping that goes the other way? Namely, if $F$ is a given $k$-cochain, is there a corresponding $k$-form $\omega_F$ such that $F$ can simply be written as integration over $\omega$? The answer is yes! (provided we make suitable technical assumptions). In fact, there is a mathematical theorem which basically says that
Given a sufficiently smooth $k$-cochain $F$, there is a unique differential form $\omega_F$ such that \begin{align} F[c] = \int_c\omega_F \end{align} for all suitably non-pathological chains $c$.
If we apply this result to the heat $1$-cochain $Q$, then we find that there exists a unique corresponding differential $1$-form $\omega_Q$ such that for any reasonable chain $c$, we have \begin{align} Q[c] = \int_c \omega_Q \end{align} This is precisely what we want. If we identify $\omega_Q$ as $\delta Q$, then we have shown that
The heat transferred to a system that moves along a given path ($1$-chain) in thermodynamic state space is given by the integral of a differential $1$-form $\delta Q$ along the path.
This is a precise formulation of the statement that $\delta Q$ is a one-form that represents "infinitesimal" heat transfers.
Note. This is a new, totally revamped version of the answer that actually answers the OP's question instead of just reformulating it mathematically. Most of the earlier comments pertain to older versions.
I did not figure this all out on my own. In the original form of the answer, I reformulated the question in a mathematical form, and I essentially posted this mathematical question on math.SE:
That question was answered by user studiosus who found that the theorem on cochains and forms to which I refer was proven by Hassler Whitney roughly 60 years ago in his good Geometric Integration Theory. In attempting to understand the theorem, and especially the concept of cochains, I found the paper "Isomorphisms of Differential Forms and Cochains" written by Jenny Harrison to be very illuminating. In particular, her discussion of theorem on forms and chains to which I refer above is nice.
share|improve this answer
Differential forms are not linear functions of state variables in any sense. What you probably wanted to say is that the differential form $df$ is a linear function of $dx_i$ but $dx_i$ isn't a state variable; it is a differential (infinitesimally small change) of the state variable.
One may view your notation for the differential form involving the $dx_i$ factors to be just one possible notation among many. Alternatively, we may consider a differential form to be nothing else than the collection of functions that you call $(f_1,f_2,\dots,f_n)$. Each component $f_i$ is a function of the state variables. By definition, the space of possible configurations of these functions forms a linear space – the space of linear forms (the same thing as differential 1-forms), the dual space to the tangent space at a given point of the phase space. The particular values of all the components at a given point in the configuration/phase space are, by definition, forming a linear space so there is a well-defined addition.
The same addition is relevant when adding heat or internal energy $U$ that is composed of several terms. For the internal energy, your rule that $U(x+dx_A+dx_B) = U(x)+ dU_A+dU_B$ follows from the linear rule of the "derivative of the sum". The derivative of the sum is simply equal to the sum of derivatives. This rule requires that all three terms in that equation exists but in physics, we want to deal with continuous or smooth enough functions for which the derivatives exist.
I erased the last paragraph suggesting the possible nonlinearity for $\delta Q$'s because I decided it was misleading. $\delta Q$ is still a well-defined, unique linear differential form on the state space, albeit not an exact one, so it still obeys the linearity condition. It's just not terribly useful for particular processes that only probe the evolution along a particular curve rather than the evolution in all possible directions from each point of a curve.
share|improve this answer
Thank you for the correction. I had meant to say that differentials are linear at each point in the state space, i.e. linear on the tangent space. I have always heard $\delta Q$ being called an inexact differential. That seems to imply that $$\delta Q(d\mathbf{x}_1 + d\mathbf{x}_2) = \delta Q(d\mathbf{x}_1) + \delta Q(d\mathbf{x}_2)$$ at some fixed point, just by the definition of "differential form". If I've understood you correctly, you're saying that this doesn't necessarily hold? Is it inappropriate to call $\delta Q$ a differential form then? – EuYu Jan 31 at 8:20
No, what you wrote here holds perfectly. It assumes that there is a particular (inexact but) differential form $\delta Q$ defined on the state space and the identity holds by linearity - the differential forms are, by definition, linear functions of the tangent vector coordinates $dx_i$. – Luboš Motl Jan 31 at 8:29
What I disagreed with was your physical interpretation of this identity: "... if the infinitesimal heat transferred when moving from state $x$ to $x+dx_1$ is $\delta Q_1$ and from $x$ to $x+dx_2$ is $\delta Q_2$". In that sentence, you are comparing two (well, three) different processes. Each of them is linked with some differential form $\delta Q$, like $\delta Q_1,\delta Q_2,\delta Q$. There's no reason why there should be a sum rule for these three completely unrelated differential forms. $Q$ is not a function of the state variables so the linearity of derivative isn't a valid proof. – Luboš Motl Jan 31 at 8:32
The analogous sentence for $dU$ would hold exactly because $dU$ is an exact differential, so you may talk about "the" change of the internal energy while going from $x$ to $x+dx_1$, and so on. But in the case of $\delta Q$, there is no "the" change you get when moving from one point of the phase space to another. How much heat gets transferred to the system depends on what the external objects are doing. – Luboš Motl Jan 31 at 8:34
I apologize for the confusion. I think my question got a bit side tracked somewhere along the way. I had always assumed that there exists some universal $\delta Q$. Each process is simply some curve $\gamma$ in the state space which links some initial state $\mathbf{x}_1


text:
Love pulls our senses apart and makes
The objective in Music Interpretation Parameters is to visualize a song through typography, graphics and imagery. A chosen song was to be displayed though the collection of materials and manipulating their image through a projector. Projected images of those materials yielded a variation of results, including wide ranges of colors, shadows, and highlights of the specified materials.
To create metaphors and visuals for the song by Ellie Goulding-Love Me Like You Do from the movie Fifty Shades of Grey. A feather was chosen to represent the soft and light feeling of the song. The projected images of the feather were used to develop a visual style that reinforced the overall tone of the song.
© 2016 Grace Min Shan Lee All rights reserved


text:
Functional Modelling of Systems with Multiple Operation Modes: Case Study on an Active Spoiler System 06-14-03-0014
This also appears in
SAE International Journal of Passenger Cars - Mechanical Systems-V130-6EJ
This article presents the application of the Enhanced Sequence Diagram (ESD) for the analysis of the functionality of a system with shape-changing aspects in the context of its multiple operational modes, considering an active rear spoiler as a case study. The article provides new insights on the ESD support for model-based capture and articulation of functional requirements across multiple operation modes of the same system, with appropriate detail on attributes and metrics, and the alignment of these attributes and metrics in line with the concept of time through scope lines. The article also provides a comprehensive argument and discussion, exemplified based on the case study, for the support that the ESD provides for early systems functional and architecture analysis, within the context of a broader model-based Failure Mode Analysis methodology.


text:
The Liquid Pre-amps on the Liquid Saffire 56 introduce 11 samples of delay to the audio stream. This is due to the Digital Signal Processing required to emulate the preamps.
Depending on the sample rate you are using, audio passed through inputs 1 and 2 will be the delayed by the following:
|Sample Rate (Hz)||Time Delay (milliseconds)||Offset Distance (centimeters)|
Audio recorded through the Liquid Pres can be moved forward by 11 samples in your DAW to account for the delay, however, in'real world' recording situations the user may choose to ignore this delay.
For stereo recording, either 2 Liquid Preamps should be used, or 2 standard Preamps should be used,
For ensemble recording, where more than 2 preamps are used to record, this delay should cause no audible artefacts. When two microphones are placed in a recording space, regardless of what pre-amps or interfaces are used, there is inevitably a delay between them unless they are placed at exactly the same distance from the source. This will mean that the audio arriving at the two mics, even if they are recording the same source will be non time coherent. The non time coherence - i.e. similar audio but with a delay between each mic, will be significantly more apparent due to the physical mic placement than any delay introduced by the Liquid Preamps.
Users of the Liquid Saffire 56 should set up their microphones exactly the same was as they always do, by moving the microphones around until the sound is right.


text:
The Embassy of Brazil in London is set to hold a debate in honour of the release of a new book: "Lima Barreto – sátiras e Outras subversões" (Lima Barreto – satires and other subversions).
The new work is a collection of recently discovered texts by the Brazilian writer Lima Barreto (_PHONE_), who is known to have used various pen names. With an introduction from Dr. Felipe Botelho Correa (King's College London), who was responsible for putting the collection together, the book brings together a host of chronicles which appeared in Brazilian magazines such as "Fon-Fon" and "Careta", at the beginning of the 20th century.
Other participants at the debate, as well as Dr. Correa, will be Dr. Claire Williams (University of Oxford), Professor Robert Oakley (University of Birmingham), Professor David Treece (King's College London) and Dr. Vinicius de Carvalho (King's College London).
About Lima Barreto
Afonso Henriques de Lima Barreto, better known as Lima Barreto, was born in Rio de Janeiro and was a jornalist and writer. Widely considered to have been one Brazil's most important writers, he is the author of novels, satires, tales and chronicles and contributed immensely to popular illustrated magazines and anarchist newspapers at the beginning of the 1900s. His most striking and impressive work, however, was discovered and released posthumously.
Where: Embassy of Brazil in London
When: 9 November
For further information: _URL_
Please e-mail _EMAIL_ to reserve a place.
To purchase the book, e-mail _EMAIL_.
Copies of the book will not be available for purchase during the event, due to Embassy restrictions


The Best International Schools in Montenegro
International Schools are very popular in Montenegro. Discover Best International Schools in Montenegro.
Why choosing an International School?
Moving abroad with a school-age child and starting a new life in another country can be daunting. Therefore, when moving to another country or city, it would be helpful to know which are the schools that can provide globally recognized and eligible qualifications to your child. Thanks to International Schools and their globally recognized curricula (British, American or International Baccalaureate), your child will get a first-class education in a safe and caring learning environment regardless of the country you are relocating to.
Why choosing a school in Montenegro?
Montenegro is a country blessed with a beautiful sea, rivers, and mountainous landscape. As a latecomer to the industrial revolution, the country has emerged as an ecological wonder whose economy is based primarily on tourism. The cities located on the coast offer visitors the typical Mediterranean climate, with long hot summers and short mild winters, whereas, inland, the country offers a more temperate climate, with abundant rainfall which turns to snow during the winter season. Expats families generally tend to move in Podgorica, where the main NGOs and international or multinational organizations are based. Montenegro health system is a combination of both public and private care, as the country is continually striving to catch up with standards in the rest of Western Europe. Expats will find many international schools offering high-quality education to international students. Check the list below and find the best International Schools in Montenegro!
Best International Schools in Montenegro
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text:
Plugable USB C Power Meter Tester for Monitoring USB-C Connections
For a multimeter, the Plugable USB-C Amperage and Voltage Tester (USBC-VAMETER) manages to fit a lot of useful features into a sturdy little package. About the size of a USB flash drive, this bidirectional USB tester allows for full USB data passthrough while it monitors USB-C power and charging, measures voltage and amperage, even visualizes the directional flow of electrical current-all in real time.
Connect the VAMETER inline between a USB-C host system like a laptop, tablet, or cell phone and a charger to use it as a USB voltage meter or power consumption meter. An updated OLED screen means a brighter and easier-to-read display in any lighting conditions, and a new orientation button lets you flip the screen with a click.
How it works:
This meter is a transparent interposer-it should not interfere with the USB data (1.1 through 3.1 Gen 2), USB-C Alternate Mode video, or USB-C charging. The meter can be used in-line with USB-C docking stations, chargers, and other USB-C accessories. The meter is able to achieve this without interfering with normal USB-C operation as it only taps into the power (VBUS) and ground connections to measure values and leaves the data lines untouched.
- Connecting between a USB-C host system like a laptop, tablet, or cell phone and a charger to monitor charge information.
- Connecting between a USB-C host and docking station to monitor charge information.
- Connecting between a USB-C host system and a USB-C bus powered accessory like an external hard drive, flash drive, etc to measure power draw of a device.
- Testing for USB-C port spec compliance such as a VBUS hot condition, voltage drop under load, etc
- AT A GLANCE - USB C Tester: Monitor USB-C power and charging. Measure voltage and amperage. Visualize the directional flow of electrical current. Updated OLED display is brighter and easier to read. New orientation button lets you flip the screen 180 degrees
- BIDIRECTIONAL - USB power meter can be connected in either orientation, allowing for the full range of USB Power Delivery voltage from 5 to 20V (4V-22V, 50mA-6.5A operating range)
- BROAD USB SUPPORT - Used as a data and power quality meter, device allows USB data pass through, USB-C Alt Mode video, USB-C charging. Use USB tester inline with USB-C docking stations, chargers, accessories, etc. Not compatible with Thunderbolt 3 devices
- SMALL AND TOUGH - Small enough to go anywhere you need a USB C voltage meter. Even fits most phones and tablets without removing protective case. Strengthened USB-C connections ensure it's sturdy enough to be your go-to USB C power tester
- 2 YEAR WARRANTY - We love our Plugable products, and hope you will too. All of our products are backed with a 2-year limited parts and labor warranty as well as Seattle-based email support


text:
Uses and benefits of electric fencing
Animal control is perhaps the most widely recognized reason for power fencing. Not only does power fencing keep domestic animals and livestock contained, it has various other important uses, including:
- Keeping wild animals out
- Separating different groups of animals
- Allowing rationing of crops and pasture
- Fencing animals off from eroding areas, trees, rivers and roads
Power fencing has revolutionized pasture management techniques and better pasture management means better profitability for farmers. Permanent or portable power fences are used to subdivide pasture to ensure even distribution of manure over grazing areas. In this way, pastures are kept fresh, short and palatable which ultimately leads to increased milk and meat production. If you are interested in finding out more about pasture management techniques.
Other key benefits of power fencing:
- Easily constructed and maintained
- Durable, because of low physical contact
- Light weight and easily transported
- Easily modified
- Less animal hide and pelt damage
- Deterrent to trespassers and predators
For convenient, economical animal control, improved pasture management and more profitable farming, a Gallagher Power Fence System is the trusted solution.


text:
Optimized Potentials For Liquid Simulations (OPLS)
Optimized Potentials for Liquid Simulations (OPLS) is a computational method used to model and simulate the behavior of molecules in liquid phase chemistry. It involves the assignment of optimized parameters to the different types of atoms in a molecule, enabling accurate simulations of the interactions between them in solution. OPLS is a specialized skill typically used by chemists and materials scientists to understand and predict how chemicals behave in various types of liquid environments.
Have feedback on this skill? Let us know.


text:
Pulsed thermal imaging is widely used for nondestructive evaluation of advanced materials and components. Thermal imaging methods to analyze single-layer materials are well developed. However, a general method for analyzing multi-layer materials and coatings/films has not been developed due to the complexity of material systems and lack of an analytical solution. This technology provides a general method, test system including a filter, and numerical algorithm for automated analysis of thermal imaging data for multi-layer coating materials.
Argonne's pulsed thermal imaging-multilayer analysis method can accurately measure coating thermal conductivity and heat capacity (and/or thickness) distributions over an entire component's surface. The method analyzes a temporal series of measured thermal imaging data to determine the properties for all coating layers based on a multilayer model. Argonne's invention is currently the only method that can analyze coatings of more than one layer, is fully automated to produce 2D layer property images, and has validated high accuracy.
Argonne's approach includes an infrared filter for flash lamps to eliminate the flash's infrared radiation, ensuring accurate detection of surface temperature during pulsed thermal imaging tests.
Key to Argonne's thermal multi-layer analysis method is the numerical algorithm used for automated analysis of thermal imaging data for multi-layer materials, implemented in dedicated, Argonne-created software that allows for complete data-processing automation without the need of user intervention.
- Allows fast 2D imaging of multi-layer material properties of an object from one surface
- All-in-one solution that includes method, optical filter, and analytical software for thermal multi-layer material analysis
- Imaging is nondestructive and fast
- Eliminates infrared radiation to assure data accuracy
- Automated analysis of imaging data
Applications and Industries
- Multi-layer coating materials development
- Manufacturing quality control
- Coating degradation monitoring
- Medical applications
Proof of Concept: the technology has been tested and proven to work for coated engine parts.
- IN-05-125, Optical Filter for Flash Lamps in Pulsed Thermal Imaging View the patent.
- IN-14-032, Method and Apparatus for Material Thermal Property Measurement by Flash Thermal Imaging View the patent.
- IN-06-017, Method for Thermal Tomography of Thermal Effusivity from Pulsed Thermal Imaging View the patent


text:
THE narrative was, perhaps, just a little too good to be true. When news broke last month of the so-called "Buddha from space" — a swastika-emblazoned statue, apparently 1,000 years old, that had been carved out of a meteorite and looted by a Nazi ethnologist — the world was enthralled.
There were only, it turns out, a few slight catches. According to two experts who have since given their verdict on the mysterious Iron Man, it may have been a European counterfeit; it was probably made at some point in the 20th century; and it may well not have been looted by the Nazis. The bit about the meteorite, though, still stands.
According to Buddhism specialist Achim Bayer, the statue bears 13 features which are easily identifiable by experts as "pseudo-Tibetan" — and which sit uneasily with speculation by researchers last month that it was probably made in the 11th-century pre-Buddhist Bon culture.
These include the 24cm-high statue's shoes, trousers and hand positioning, as well as the fact that the Buddha has a full beard rather than the "rather thin" facial hair usually given to a deity in Tibetan and Mongolian art. In his report, Bayer says he believes the statue to be a European counterfeit made some time between 1910 and 1970.
"Up to date, no acknowledged authority in the field of Tibetan or Mongolian art has publicly deemed the statue authentic…," writes the University of Seoul academic.
The statue's Asian provenance is not the only aspect of the story to have been questioned. In September, the man leading a team of German and Austrian researchers, University of Stuttgart geologist Elmar Buchner, said its previous owner had claimed it had been brought to Europe in the late 1930s by Ernst Schafer, a Nazi ethnologist who led an SS expedition to Tibet.
But German historian Isrun Engelhardt, who has studied Schafer's trip to Tibet in depth, has cast doubt on this suggestion, questioning the statue's absence on the long list of items brought back. "There is an extremely precise list of the purchased objects, including date, place and value," she told Spiegel.
Buchner says he had no reason to doubt the account of the previous owner, and stresses that his team was only looking into what the statue was made of — a rare form of iron with a high content of nickel — not where it had come from. While they felt able to say the material most likely came from the Chinga meteorite, which crashed to earth 15,000 years ago, the researchers admitted that "the ethnological and art historical details — as well as the time of sculpturing, currently remain speculative".
Moreover, Buchner's statements about the origins were qualified. He told the journal Meteoritics and Planetary Science: "If we are right that it was made in the Bon culture in the 11th century, it is absolutely priceless and absolutely unique worldwide."
— The Guardian, London


text:
Plastic Smell
When you first get a dehydrator, it's packed in plastics and the smells can sometimes leech into the food if you start drying food without cleaning the dehydrator properly. Cleaning the dehydrator gets rid of the plastic smells and you can enjoy dehydrating food that smells natural and fresh.
- Ensure a Hygienic Drying Environment
The purpose of dehydrating all kinds of food is to get delicious snacks that are fun to eat and healthy too. An unclean dehydrator does not provide a hygienic environment for drying foods and cleaning it is a must to create healthy dehydrated snacks.
- Remove any Residual Food Particles
After a few dehydrating sessions, there might be build up of residual particles inside the dehydrator and on its trays. This can make the dehydrating environment unfit for future dehydrating sessions. Cleaning removes the residual particles and you can dehydrate foods without worrying about contamination.
- Remove Any Previous Smells
Certain dried foods, such as spices, and herbs, can have overpowering smells. This can affect the taste and smell of any future batches that need to be dehydrated. With a clean dehydrator, you can have snacks tasting and smelling as they're supposed to.
- Add to Life of Food Trays
Clean trays last longer as there is no wear and tear because of any stuck food, oils, or sugars from the food.
- Keep the Trays and Dehydrator Looking Clean
A clean dehydrator adds to the whole look of a kitchen.
- Save Money On Accessories
Cleaning the dehydrator accessories is the ideal way to save money. Unclean trays and sheets get ruined easily and don't work for a long time, either.
- Ensure Optimum Performance
Regularly cleaning the dehydrator ensures that it keeps working in an optimum condition for a long time to come.
- For Storage When Not In Use
If you need to store away your dehydrator when you're not using it, make sure you clean it properly. Whenever you decide to use it next, you can start after a basic cleaning.
- Remove Drippings at the Base
Many foods often drip while they dry and these drippings can accumulate at the base of the dehydrator. Cleaning the dehydrator ensures such drips don't interfere with proper drying of the food.
A clean dehydrator can go a long way in helping you make delicious snacks from all kinds of fruits, vegetables, and meats. Keeping your dehydrator clean adds to its life and also helps you to get the most out of the appliance. A clean dehydrator also looks good in the kitchen. A well-maintained dehydrator can save you from any future maintenance or repair expenses.
Remember, every dehydrator is unique in its design, construction materials, and functions, so read up on the operating manual to understand how to properly clean the specific model that you own.
Follow the simple tips in this write-up and enjoy hygienic and delicious snacks from your dehydrator every time you use it.


text:
- Enter a word for the dictionary definition.
From The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48:
Charity \Char"i*ty\, n.; pl. Charities. [F. charit['e] fr. L. caritas dearness, high regard, love, from carus dear, costly, loved; asin to Skr. kam to wish, love, cf. Ir. cara a friend, W. caru to love. Cf. Caress.] [1913 Webster] 1. Love; universal benevolence; good will. [1913 Webster] Now abideth faith, hope, charity, three; but the greatest of these is charity. --1. Cor. xiii. 13. [1913 Webster] They, at least, are little to be envied, in whose hearts the great charities... lie dead. --Ruskin. [1913 Webster] With malice towards none, with charity for all. --Lincoln. [1913 Webster] 2. Liberality in judging of men and their actions; a disposition which inclines men to put the best construction on the words and actions of others. [1913 Webster] The highest exercise of charity is charity towards the uncharitable. --Buckminster. [1913 Webster] 3. Liberality to the poor and the suffering, to benevolent institutions, or to worthy causes; generosity. [1913 Webster] The heathen poet, in commending the charity of Dido to the Trojans, spake like a Christian. --Dryden. [1913 Webster] 4. Whatever is bestowed gratuitously on the needy or suffering for their relief; alms; any act of kindness. [1913 Webster] She did ill then to refuse her a charity. --L'Estrange. [1913 Webster] 5. A charitable institution, or a gift to create and support such an institution; as, Lady Margaret's charity. [1913 Webster] 6. pl. (Law) Eleemosynary appointments [grants or devises] including relief of the poor or friendless, education, religious culture, and public institutions. [1913 Webster] The charities that soothe, and heal, and bless, Are scattered at the feet of man like flowers. --Wordsworth. [1913 Webster] Sisters of Charity (R. C. Ch.), a sisterhood of religious women engaged in works of mercy, esp. in nursing the sick; -- a popular designation. There are various orders of the Sisters of Charity. Syn: Love; benevolence; good will; affection; tenderness; beneficence; liberality; almsgiving. [1913 Webster]


");
var request = objectStore.get(1);
request.onsuccess = function(evt) {
 alert("Name for id 1 " + request.result.name);
};
Another way to retrieve data is using a cursor. You will use cursors when the key path isn't known to you. Cursors are opened against an objectStore which is part of a transaction. Here is an example of using a cursor:
var transaction = db.transaction("people", IDBTransaction.READ_WRITE);
var objectStore = transaction.objectStore("people");

var request = objectStore.openCursor();
request.onsuccess = function(evt) {
 var cursor = evt.target.result;
 if (cursor) {
 output.textContent += "id: " + cursor.key + " is " + cursor.value.name + " ";
 cursor.continue();
 }
 else {
 console.log("No more entries!");
 }
};
In the example, the openCursor function is called against the objectStore. Then, an onsuccess function is wired to the cursor request and is used to write to a div called output the data which was retrieved by the cursor. The previous example is a very simple cursor example. Cursors can be used with more sophisticated queries which won't be shown in this post.
The Full Example
Here is a full example of some IndexedDB concepts:
<!DOCTYPE html>

 <meta charset="utf-8" />
 <title>IndexedDB</title>

 Name:

 <input type="text" id="txtName" name="txtName" />

 Email:

 <input type="email" id="txtEmail" name="txtEmail" />

 <input type="button" id="btnAdd" value="Add Record" />

 ID:

 <input type="text" id="txtID" name="txtID" />

 <input type="button" id="btnDelete" value="Delete Record" />

 <input type="button" id="btnPrint" value="Print objectStore" />

 <output id="printOutput">
 </output>

Pay attention – This example will only work on Firefox 10 since Firefox 10 is currently the only browser that updated the IndexedDB API implementation to use the latest specification version.
IndexedDB and Web Storage APIs
As written in the introduction, there are two kinds of data stores in the browsers – the IndexedDB and the Web Storage. One of the questions that I hear a lot is why to have two different storage types? In simple scenarios where key/value pairs are needed with very small amount of data, the Web Storage is much more suitable than IndexedDB and can simplify your work. On the other hand, in scenarios where you need efficient search for values or you have large number of objects that you want to store on the client-side, IndexedDB is preferable. Both of the options complement each other and can be used together in the same application.
Summary
IndexedDB includes a massive API for using a built-in index database in the browser. It can be used to store data on the client-side and with Web Storage to offer to opportunity to take applications offline and to reduce server round-trips for data retrieval. For further information about IndexedDB, you can go to its specifications in this link.
License
This article, along with any associated source code and files, is licensed under The Code Project Open License (CPOL)
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About the Author
Gil Fink
Technical Lead sparXys
Israel Israel
Gil Fink is a web development expert and _URL_ Microsoft MVP. He is the founder and owner of sparXys. He is currently consulting for various enterprises and companies, where he helps to develop Web and RIA-based solutions. He conducts lectures and workshops for individuals and enterprises who want to specialize in infrastructure and web development. He is also co-author of several Microsoft Official Courses (MOCs) and training kits, co-author of "Pro Single Page Application Development" book (Apress) and the founder of Front-End.IL Meetup. You can read his publications at his website: _URL_
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text:
Surveillance footage of the crucifix before and after
|Theories|| · Illusion|
The Blinking Crucifix is a strange optical phenomenon first observed on March 24, 1989, at the Holy Trinity Church, a community Catholic church in Ambridge, Pennsylvania.
The phenomenon was discussed on the September 27, 1989 episode of Unsolved Mysteries.
On March 24, 1989, a special mass was held at the Holy Trinity Church in Ambridge, Pennsylvania, to commemorate Good Friday. Over three hundred Catholics in a prayer group were at the church that day to celebrate mass, when Jim Cvitkovic, a server and the nephew of the priest, was praying, he looked up and saw that the eyes on the crucifix, which were normally open, were actually closed. He told his brother, Tom, who saw that the eyes were closed too, but he told Jim to go to the other side to see if it was just the light or if it was real, and he looked there and the eyes were closed. After the end of the mass, the brothers began crying, and their uncle, Reverend Vincent Cvitkovic asked them why and they told them that the eyes were closed. Vincent and another priest went to look at the eyes, and saw that they were closed, and called the man who had recently painted the crucifix, Domenic Leo, and asked him what he saw. He looked up, and was shocked to see that the eyes were closed, and he began crying as well.
There are several explanations as to what the phenomenon could be. Theories include:
- A biblical miracle
- An optical illusion
- Hoax/ CGI
- Ambridge, Pennsylvania, is about twenty miles north of Pittsburgh and is slowly fading away because of the closed steel mills. The Holy Trinity Church is located there and its crucifix has been there since 1931. It was refurbished by artist Domenic Leo in January 1988.


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Do Carrots Really Love Tomatoes ?
Carrots Love Tomatoes was a blockbuster companion gardening book written in the 1970s by master gardener Louise Riotte.
Riotte validated what many old school gardeners and farmers knew all along, and introduced a generation of growers to the reality of companion planting.
She later published a sequel entitled Carrots love Tomatoes and Roses love garlic, although it was a worthy addition to the realm of organic gardening knowledge available to home gardeners, it never matched the sensational success of the original book.
The claim of the first books title 'Carrots Love Tomatoes' is worthy of investigation. Do Carrots really love tomatoes and if so do the Tomatoes love them back ?
Carrots and Tomatoes do love each other but it's only 'puppy love'. Inter-planting carrots and Tomatoes requires good timing. Carrots mature differently than tomatoes so your first harvest of Carrots should be when the Tomatoes are still seedlings.
Mature carrots and mature tomatoes sharing the same bed is not really all its cracked up to be. They compete for the same nutrients at pretty much the same time.
Tomatoes protect the carrots from insect predators, they secrete a natural insect deterrent called solanine which deters many insects that are harmful to carrots. However, the solanine and trace phytotoxins emitted by tomatoes can stunt the growth of carrots if planted too close.
Tomato plants, being much taller than the carrot, will shade the soil, carrots prefer cool soil. The carrot provides a living mulch that helps to retain soil moisture and suppresses weed growth which benefits the tomato plant.
Try no to plant the carrots so close to the tomato plant that harvesting the carrot root may damage the tomato plant roots Leave at least one foot of space between the carrots and the tomato plant base. Planting carrots early in the season is best. Once the tomatoes are in full swing they will shade and stunt the carrots progress. A second carrot crop towards the end of the season when the tomato plants are waning will also work.


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With the aim of promoting actions in defense of human rights, reflection and practice of respect for human dignity, the Global Embassy of Activists for Peace (GEAP) in El Salvador, carried out the Educational School Workshop Educating to Remember - The Holocaust Paradigm of Genocide, on March 19, 2018, in the Educational Complex of the Swiss Confederation of San Miguel.
As part of the day, the participants: students of the 2nd year, section C, made peace proposals in defense of human rights. Among these the proposal presented by the student Vanessa Aracely Aguilera, who raised the realization of a talk on values and human rights for students in the third cycle.
The approach was reviewed by the teacher Francisca Saraí Ramírez and approved by directors of the Arístides Ventura Educational Complex.
Impartiendo en alumnos del nivel educativo de Tercer Ciclo
Execution of the proposal
On May 23, the peace proposal was implemented in the institution, where six second-year high school students developed the activity "Talks on values and Human Rights with the help of teaching materials" to the 7th, 8th and 9th grade students.
In this educational space, the speakers discussed the importance of principles, universal values and human rights. During their presentation the students presented posters and banners with positive messages that motivate the execution of actions in favor of peace.


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Automatic Fuel Switch & Marine Diesel Fuel Cooler Unit
A solution for safe low sulphur fuel adoptation for vessels operating in Sulphur Emission Control Areas (SECA).
Vessels operating in SECAs need to reduce Sulphur Oxide (SOX) emissions in accordance with the revised Marpol Annex VI, which contains regulations on the prevention of air pollution from ships. The Wärtsilä Automatic Fuel Switch and Marine Diesel Fuel (MDF) Cooler Unit is a solution for low sulphur fuel adoption for vessels operating in SECAs, switching from the use of HFO to continuous or temporary operations using LFO. An uncontrolled changeover may cause severe damage to the injection equipment and increase maintenance and spare part costs. In worst case scenarios, it may cause a complete loss of propulsion power.
The Automatic Fuel Switch, which controls the temperature change before the fuel injection equipment is, together with the MDF Cooler Unit, a solution for switching from HFO to LFO fuel, and vice versa. The MDF Cooler Unit, which ensures controlled cooling, and the correct fuel oil injection viscosity and temperature, is a solution for continuous LFO operation.


Turkey Government feeds stray Animals during COVID-19 Lockdown
While the coronavirus forces billions of people worldwide into lockdown, another large population is also severely affected; stray animals. This global lockdowns against the coronavirus are just like a death sentence to stray animals. They feel the bite as the COVID-19 pandemic spreads. Hundreds of stray dogs and cats have taken over the streets of major cities in search of what to eat and how to survive as the country remains under a coronavirus lockdown. These stray domestic animals have moved to fill the void, while also suffering the consequences of the pandemic.
But the story is not the same in a place like Turkey; it is good to hear that while the Turkish people stay at home to contain the spread of COVID-19, the government is tackling the issue of who will feed hundreds of thousands of stray animals in the country.
The Turkey interior ministry has decided that the job is the responsibility of local councils across the country and ordered them "to bring food and water to animal shelters, gardens, parks, and other areas where animals are found." The ministry insists that "all necessary actions must be taken to make sure stray animals don't go hungry", adding that dens and animals' shelters should also be sanitized.
Although Volunteers, activists, and residents usually feed Turkey's pack of strays, restrictions on movement and self-isolation have severely affected animal welfare. While councils sometimes provide services to street animals, it is unusual for the central government to order such a move. In Turkey's largest city, Istanbul, which has the most confirmed COVID-19 infections, there are around 128,900 stray dogs and 162,970 stray cats, according to the city 2018 figures.
Turkish social media users highly praised the move, with many thanking the Interior Minister Suleyman Soylu. The official Twitter account of Istanbul's Bayrampasa district shared photos of stray animals that were fed on April 5. The district said, they are with their true friends, with whom we share life.
One animal welfare organization in the Black Sea region has called on people who are over 65 years who were banned from going outside to contact their district governor to help feed the animals. Justice Minister Abdulhamit Gul tweeted a picture of himself stroking a dog, saying: "We should not abandon our animal friends during these tough days." So far, Turkey has refrained from imposing a nationwide lockdown and instead advises the public to stay home.
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Posted 30 May 2006
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Runtime Object Editor
, 30 May 2006
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A powerful window/object editor to be used at runtime that allows viewing/changing of properties and fields, method invocations, and object hierarchy navigation.
RuntimeObjectEditor.jpg
Introduction
Debugging a managed Windows application is, most of the time, not an easy task, thus any tool that can help will make your life easier. Here, I'm trying to present a small tool that can help you in developing Windows applications, especially working with forms and their controls.
The main idea behind this tool is to provide an easy way to modify properties of objects at runtime without having to restart the application. The Runtime Object Editor tool provides you this and a few more:
 1. A properties editor like the VS editor that can be used to change the properties of any object or control at runtime.
 2. Shows you all the properties that are defined on an object (even if they are not normally visible in the designer) e.g.: "Controls".
 3. Shows you all the fields of an object organized by the class in the hierarchy that owns that property.
 4. Shows all the methods of an object organized by the class and visibility of the method.
 5. Provides a simple way to invoke methods on objects and pass arguments on any method (public, private ...).
 6. Shows you all the events defined on an object and all the event listeners registered to listen to a specific event (e.g.: Form_Load).
 7. Shows process information including static information about Application, CurrentContext, CurrentThread, CurrentPrincipal, CurrentProcess, and garbage collection.
 8. A simple way to find a window/control in your application.
 9. And an (almost) non intrusive way to integrate it into your application.
 10. Can be injected in any .NET process allowing you to easily hook and modify other processes. You can even hook into Visual Studio and modify some of its (.NET) properties (E.g.: the Properties Editor from VS).
 11. Supports back/forward navigation between the last edited objects, and supports navigation to child items in collections, enumerations or arrays (E.g.: the Controls collection of a Control).
Background
Reflection
Reflection is the main way to interact with objects that you know nothing about, thus this tool makes use of reflection for all the information that it can display on its tabs. For a short description of how Reflection can be used, see [1].
PInvoke
PInvoke calls are used to detect the window from the point where the mouse is located. A good article about how to detect a window from a point (mouse location) can be found here: [2].
Modules
The Runtime Object Editor has three major components:
 1. WindowFinder - Provides a drag and drop pointer that you can use to select your window. The implementation is quite similar with [2], with the major difference that it's a C# implementation and that I can also correctly detect the hidden/disabled windows when trying to select a control.
 2. XPropertyGrid and its tabs - A PropertyGrid derived class where you can see and edit the properties of your object.
 3. Descriptors/Designers and TypeConverters - These classes will describe the "properties" of a method like: parameters, type converters, return type, and will do the real invoke of the method.
 4. The assembly injector helper DLL and classes that allow the editor to attach to any running .NET process and modify its properties.
WindowFinder
A drag and drop component is provided for selecting the target window that you want to see in the object editor.
Its behavior is quite simple: click the finder icon, capture the mouse, whenever the mouse is moved, detect the window under the mouse pointer, and fire an event notifying that a new window was found. The only noticeable code in the window finder is the WindowFinder_MouseMove method that detects the window from the mouse location.
private void WindowFinder_MouseMove(object sender, MouseEventArgs e)
{
 if ( !searching )
 EndSearch();
 // Grab the window from the screen location of the mouse.
 POINT windowPoint = POINT.FromPoint( this.PointToScreen(new Point(e.X,e.Y) ));
 IntPtr found = WindowFromPoint ( windowPoint );

 // we have a valid window handle
 if ( found != IntPtr.Zero )
 {
 // give it another try, it might be a child
 // window (disabled, hidden .. something else)
 // offset the point to be a client point of the active window
 if( ScreenToClient ( found, ref windowPoint ) )
 {
 // check if there is some hidden/disabled
 // child window at this point
 IntPtr childWindow = ChildWindowFromPoint(found, windowPoint);
 if ( childWindow != IntPtr.Zero )
 { // great, we have the inner child
 found = childWindow;
 }
 }
 }
 // Is this the same window as the last detected one?
 if( found != window.DetectedWindow )
 {
 window.SetWindowHandle ( found );
 Trace.WriteLine ( "FoundWindow:" + window.Name + ":" +
 window.Text + " Managed:" + window.IsManaged );
 InvokeActiveWindowChanged ();
 }
}
XPropertyGrid and the tabs
XPropertyGrid inherits from the PropertyGrid in order to be able to add our own tabs to the PropertyGrid.
The Tabs of the Runtime Object Editor
All tabs inherit from System.Windows.Forms.Design.PropertyTab and provide a list of properties in public override PropertyDescriptorCollection GetProperties(object component, Attribute[] attributes). The list of methods are obtained as PropertyDescriptor[] objects. From this point on, you have no more direct control over what we display, and we have to rely completely on overriding the methods from the objects used for describing other objects (PropertyDescriptor, TypeConverter, ComponentDesigner, UITypeEditor).
The custom tabs are:
 1. Properties
 2. AllFields
 3. AllProperties
 4. Events
 5. Methods
 6. Process Information
Properties tab
The Properties tab simply emulates the Properties tab we normally see in Visual Studio. This Properties tab will show the properties of the object based on the attributes they have set. Some properties that are normally visible at design time only, might not be visible here. Also, properties that are marked with DesignerSerializationVisibily(Hidden) or Browsable(false) will not be visible in this tab.
AllFields tab
The AllFields tab will show you all the fields defined in each class from the selected object's hierarchy. The fields can be modified (unless marked as read-only).
AllProperties tab
Contrary to the Properties tab that filters properties based on some of the attributes applied and does not show non-public properties, the AllProperties tab will display all the properties defined on the objects, disregarding the attributes or visibility of the properties. The AllProperites tab also allows hierarchical navigation inside the collections by allowing you to expand them and select items you want to modify.
AllEvents tab
The Events tab will display all the events defined on an object and give you the option to view all the event listeners attached to each event, including the objects that own the event handler and the function name that will handle the event. Because events can be implemented using the public event { add; remove; } pattern, and there are no specific guidelines about how this pattern is to be implemented, it is possible that the Events tab will not be able to correctly read the listeners registered for some of the events.
Methods tab
MethodPropertyDescriptor
Describes how a method is "to be seen" in the grid.
A list of such objects is generated by the MethodsTab.GetProperties and passed on to the grid. The grid will interrogate the descriptor for its value, the editor, and the child objects. We will return as the value of a method, the result from the last invocation. As child objects, we publish the list of parameters the method has, thus we can open the method declaration and fill in the typed parameters.
Whenever we change the value of a parameter, the MethodPropertyDescriptor will invoke the method for us and will give us the return value.
ParameterPropertyDescriptor
When the grid editor requests the list of child properties of the MethodPropertyDescriptor, we return an array containing a ParameterPropertyDescriptor to describe each parameter of the method, and a ReturnParamterDescriptor to describe and show the returned value of the last invoke of the method.
Usage
The RuntimeObjectEditor can be integrated in your application to be used for debugging purposes or can be injected into any running .NET process (including Visual Studio if you want to be convinced that Visual Studio contains .NET code).
Injecting RuntimeObjectEditor


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The definition of politic is someone who is shrewd, tactful or unethical.(adjective)
An example of politic is a decision made because it it likely to be accepted by the voters and will make the politician more popular; a politic decision.
Politic is defined as to participate in campaigning.(verb)
An example of politic is to run for office.
See politic in Webster's New World College Dictionary
Origin: ME polytyk < MFr politique < L politicus < Gr politikos, of a citizen < politēs: see police
See politic in American Heritage Dictionary 4
Origin: Middle English politik
Origin:, from Old French politique
Origin:, from Latin polīticus, political
Origin:, from Greek polītikos
Origin:, from polītēs, citizen
Origin:, from polis, city; see pelə-3 in Indo-European roots.
Learn more about politic


text:
Efficient Checking of Individual Rewards Properties in Markov Population Models
|Title||Efficient Checking of Individual Rewards Properties in Markov Population Models|
|Publication Type||Conference Paper|
|Year of Publication||2015|
|Authors||Bortolussi L, Hillston J|
|Conference Name||Quantitative Aspects of Programming Languages and Systems (QAPL)|
|Keywords||Markov population models, Rewards, Stochastic Approximation, Stochastic model checking|
In recent years fluid approaches to the analysis of Markov populations models have been demonstrated to have great pragmatic value. Initially developed to estimate the behaviour of the system in terms of the expected values of population counts, the fluid approach has subsequently been extended to more sophisticated interrogations of models through its embedding within model checking procedures. In this paper we extend recent work on checking CSL properties of individual agents within a Markovian population model, to consider the checking of properties which incorporate rewards.


text:
These two metrics are not the same. The first metric is
$$ds^2 = dr^2 + r^2 d\Omega^2$$
while the second metric is
$$ds^2 = r_0^2 d\Omega^2$$
where $r_0$ is a constant, the radius of the sphere. These are different quantities; the spaces involved don't even have the same number of dimensions. The Riemann curvature of the former metric is zero, while the curvature of the latter is not.
You're correct to conclude that the first metric should have zero curvature, since it's related to Cartesian coordinates by a coordinate change and the curvature is a tensor. But this doesn't say anything about the second metric.
You might think the second case should be the same, because the sphere can be embedded into flat space. The geometrical difference is that vectors on the sphere must lie tangent to the sphere. That means that parallel transport on the sphere is not the same as parallel transport in the embedding space, since in the former case, we have to project the vector back down to the sphere after every step.


How Much Is $100 After Taxes?
How much is taxes on $100?
For example, if the sales tax amount is $6.88, and the before tax price is $100, then the decimal tax rate would be 0.0688 ($6.88 ÷ $100 =.
0688 rounded).
Multiply the decimal tax rate by 100.
So if the decimal rate is 0.0688, then the percentage rate would be 6.88% (0.0688 x 100 = 6.88%).
How much is $100 worth in states?
There, $100 will buy you goods that would cost $113.38 in a state at the national average price level.
Stay Informed on Tax Policy Research and Analysis.
StateRelative Value of $100Rank
West Virginia$114.944
48 more rows
How much is $100000 after taxes?
$51.25 an hour is how much per year? If you make $100,000 a year living in the region of New York, USA, you will be taxed $28,435. That means that your net pay will be $71,565 per year, or $5,964 per month. Your average tax rate is 28.43% and your marginal tax rate is 38.22%.
How much will my take home pay be after taxes?
6.2% of each of your paychecks is withheld for Social Security taxes and your employer contributes a further 6.2%. However, the 6.2% that you pay only applies to income up to the Social Security tax cap, which for 2020 is $137,700 (up from $132,900 in 2019).
What is the tax on $20?
For example, if something is $20 and the sales tax is 7% you would multiply $20 times 1.07 and you would pay $21.40.
How much is $800 after taxes?
Thus 12.60% of your total gross wages will be paid for federal income tax. Your $800 after taxes is $699.22 (take home pay), assuming you don't pay state income tax where you are.
Is 100 dollars a lot of money in USA?
$100 is not a lot of money for two days' wages, but some have to live on that. $100 is not a lot of money for a house, unless you live in a few areas where houses are abandoned. In many places outside the U.S., due to conversion rates, US$100 is really a lot of money.
What can $100 buy US?
Other items that are about $100 are: A day trip to a museum or zoo.
Each point on this list costs about $100:
 - Two console games.
 - Eight or ten movie tickets.
 - 10 months of Netflix.
 - Four or five new movies on DVD.
 - Fifteen used DVDs at a yard sale.
 - Lunch for four at a fairly nice restaurant.
 - 40 cheap burgers.
 - 90 candy bars.
What state is worth the most?
The results are surprising, with states like New York falling shy of the top 10 while Alaska makes the top 10.
 1. Hawaii.
 2. Massachusetts.
 3. Connecticut.
 4. New Hampshire.
 5. Alaska.
 6. 8. California. Median household income: $71,805 (2017)
 7. Virginia. Median household income: $71,535.
 8. Washington. Median household income: $70,979.
How do I figure out my take home pay?
There are a few things you should have on hand to calculate your take-home pay: The amount of your gross pay. If you earn a fixed salary, this is easy to figure out. Just divide the annual amount by the number of periods each year.
How is federal income tax calculated?
How Income Taxes Are Calculated
How do you calculate take home pay?
In order to Calculate take-home salary, subtract the Income Tax, Provident Fund (PF) and Professional Tax from the Gross Salary.
 1. Step 1: Calculate gross salary. Gross Salary = CTC – (EPF + Gratuity)
 2. Step 2: Calculate taxable income.
 3. Step 3: Calculate income tax**
 4. Step 4: Calculating in-hand/take home salary.