text:
Township 50 North, Range 4 West, Boise Principal Meridian, Idaho
View Township 50 North, Range 4 West, Boise Principal Meridian, Idaho Township and Range on Google Maps with this interactive Section Township Range finder. Search by address, place, land parcel description or GPS coordinates (latitude, longitude)
Just need an image? Scroll down the page to the Idaho Section Township Range Map Image
Township and Range made easy! Use this free township and range locator to search by address, place, land parcel description or GPS coordinates (latitude, longitude). View and search the Public Land Survey System (PLSS), also known as Congressional townships or survey townships, all the way down to the section, quarter section and quarter quarter section level, all overlaid on a fully interactive Google Map. Optionally, add section township range labels, and overlay counties and cities as well!
Quick Tips for using this Idaho Section Township and Range map tool
- There are four ways to get started using this Idaho Section Township and Range map tool
- In the "Search places" box above the map, type an address, city, etc. and choose the one you want from the auto-complete list
- Click the map to see the Section, Township and Range for where you clicked (Monthly Contributors also get Dynamic Maps)
- Use the "Find parcel" tool below the map to search for a known Section, Township and Range, for example from a land deed. Tip: You don't have to specify a Section if you only know the Township and Range. Also, you can leave the PM (Prime Meridian) set to "any" and the tool will let you know if there are multiple matches.
- To search using GPS coordinates use the "Find lat long" box in the top right above the map*
- Click the ◉ button in the upper right corner of the map to use your current location. Click the ◉ button again to automatically update your location every 1, 5 or 10 minutes (Monthly Contributors also get an option to update every several seconds).**
As you click on townships, sections and aliquot parts smaller than a section (such as quarter sections), the approximate area in acres (square miles for townships) will be shown for the yellow-highlighted unit. Only use this acreage as an approximate, as it is a GIS-computed area and may not correspond with the official survey-recorded area.
- Optionally, check the "Show labels" checkbox in the lower left corner of the map to see the names of township and range, section and quarter quarter section on the map. More labels will appear as you zoom in. There are also options to show US city limits and county lines on the map.
- Subscribe to receive notification of tool updates and usage tips
* You can search using various formats of latitude longitude, including degrees, minutes and seconds; degrees
and decimal minutes; or decimal degrees
** The "Locate" button will be more accurate on smartphones and other devices containing a GPS; desktop browsers typically show an approximate location
Section Township Range is part of the U.S. Public Land Survey System (PLSS), which is administered by the United States Department of the Interior's Bureau of Land Management (BLM). The PLSS is a system of land surveying that was created by the United States government in the early 1800s. The system divides land into rectangular parcels, which are then further subdivided into smaller parcels. The PLSS is used to survey much of the land in the United States, including land that is owned by the federal government, state governments, and private individuals.
The following states use the BLM's PLSS and are covered by this Section Township Range map tool: Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Florida, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Louisiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Mexico, North Dakota, Ohio (partial), Oklahoma, Oregon, South Dakota, Utah, Washington, Wisconsin, Wyoming. The remaining U.S. states typically use the older metes and bounds system and are therefore not covered by this tool.
Find Sections, Townships and Ranges by radius or by drawing a line or shape
- To find Sections, Townships and Ranges within a radius or near a line or shape you draw*:
- Click the "Selection Tools" button on the left side of the map
- – RADIUS SELECT: To find Sections, Townships and Ranges within a radius, specify the mileage in the "Select map
features within x miles of the shapes I draw" box, then use the Point "Add a marker" tool to draw a point
in the middle of the radius
– TOUCHING A LINE OR SHAPE: To find Sections, Townships and Ranges that touch a line or a shape you draw, use the Line tool or Shape tool to draw the shape, double-clicking when finished
– WITHIN DISTANCE OF A LINE OR SHAPE: To find Sections, Townships and Ranges that are within a distance of a line or a shape you draw, first specify the mileage in the "Select map features within x miles of the shapes I draw" box, then use the Line tool or Shape tool to draw the shape, double-clicking when finished
- The Sections, Townships and Ranges will be highlighted and listed in a "Results from map" box below the
map, where you can copy the selected Sections, Townships and Ranges for use in a spreadsheet or other
– Optionally, keep drawing shapes to select more Sections, Townships and Ranges
- When you are finished selecting Townships and Ranges, click the "DONE Selecting" button on the left side of the map
* Sections, Townships and Ranges will get selected if any part of the shape you draw falls within the Section, Township and Range
Idaho Section Township Range Map Image
Static Map Image of Idaho Section Township Range Map
Why was this tool created? Many people have requested to be able to search by section, township and range, and be able to see them displayed on top of Google Maps.
While some other tools show Section Township Range on Google Earth, requiring downloads and installation, this free tool shows Section Township Range on Google Maps in a web browser, requiring no downloads and no installation. And you can even use it on your smart phone or tablet!
- Township, Range and Section lines are part of the Public Land Survey System (PLSS), the most complete source being the Bureau of Land Management (BLM)
- See states covered by this tool listed above
- Survey Type Codes (shown when available):
– AS: Alaska State Land Survey
– AT: Alaska Tideland Survey
– C: U.S. Coal Land Survey
– D: Allotment Survey
– E: Metes and Bounds
– F: Farm Unit Survey
– G: Land Grant
– H: Homestead Entry
– I: Indian Interest
– J: Small Tract, Small Holding Claim
– K: Townsite Block
– L: Lot
– M: Mineral Survey
– N: Townsite Survey
– P: BLM Parcel
– Q: Donation Land Claim
– S: United States Survey
– T: Tract
– U: Unsurveyed Protracted
– W: Water or Meandered Water
– X: Exchange Survey
– Y: Townsite Outlot
– Z: Unsurveyed Unprotracted
- The Search places box uses a standard Google Maps geocoding engine, therefore you can type street addresses, road names, points of interest, etc. to see what section, township, and range that location is part of
- Many of the map layers from which this information is extracted are very large, so it may take several seconds for all of the map layers to finish drawing
- Because the map layers are large, fewer lines will be shown if you are zoomed out too far
- Note that typing an address will zoom in the map very close, whereas typing a city or county by itself will show you a map with a wider view
- Disclaimer: While the number of decimals in the latitude and longitude displayed for the map marker may imply a positional accuracy of within a few feet, note that Google Maps and the source data may not be that accurate. Accordingly, this tool should not be used for legal nor surveying purposes or anything beyond entertainment value.
– Section Township Range: US Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management
BLM's Limitations of Use: These data are provided by BLM "as is" and may contain errors or omissions. The User assumes the entire risk associated with its use of these data and bears all responsibility in determining whether these data are fit for the User's intended use. The information contained in these data is dynamic and may change over time. The data are not better than the original sources from which they were derived, and both scale and accuracy may vary across the data set. These data may not have the accuracy, resolution, completeness, timeliness, or other characteristics appropriate for applications that potential users of the data may contemplate. The User is encouraged to carefully consider the content of the metadata file associated with these data. These data are neither legal documents nor land surveys, and must not be used as such. Official records may be referenced at most BLM offices. Please report any errors in the data to the BLM office for which it was obtained. The BLM should be cited as the data source in any products derived from these data. Any Users wishing to modify the data should describe the types of modifications they have performed. The User should not misrepresent the data, nor imply that changes made were approved or


I would like to calculate the integral of $f(z)=\frac{2z}{z^2+1}$ over $|z|=2$ in the upper complex plane using $F$, the antiderivative of $f$.
Now, I know that $F$ exists because I can draw a simply-connected domain containing the curve in which the func $f$ is analytic:
$\frac{-\pi}{4} < arg(z)< \frac{5\pi}{4}$, for $r>1$
According to the explanation in the book, since there is no single-analytic branch of $\log (z)$ in this domain, one can only describe $F=\log (z)$ using multiple branches of $\log (z)$.
Now, as far as I can tell since $z=0$ is not completely surrounded by the domain, $\log (z)$ is not multi-valued and it would be sufficient to exclude for example $Im(z)<0$ to describe an analytic branch of $\log (z)$ in the domain. Which is already excluded.. Am I missing something here?
What analytic branches can describe $F$? A detailed explanation would be much appreciated. Thanks :)
 - $\begingroup$ $\int_\gamma \frac{g'(z)}{g(z)}dz = G(t)\mid_0^1$ where $G(t) = \log(g(\gamma(t)))+ 2 i \pi k(t)$ is continuous on $t \in [0,1]$ and $k(t) \in \mathbb{Z}$ $\endgroup$ – reuns Aug 3 '16 at 4:35
 - $\begingroup$ What do you mean by $F=\log(z)$? The antiderivative is $F(z)=\log(z^2+1)$, which for example can be defined in the plane with slits from $+i$ upwards, and from $-i$ downwards (just take log to be the usual principal logarithm). $\endgroup$ – Hans Lundmark Aug 3 '16 at 14:13
The antiderivative of $f$ will be $F(z)=\log(z^2+1)=\log(z+i)+\log(z-i)$ but we need to carefully choose a branch cut. Take $-\frac{\pi}{2}<\arg(z\pm i)<\frac{3\pi}{2}$ so the branch cut for $F(z)$ will be starting at $z=i$ and extending towards $-i\infty$. Notice that this branch cut does not intersect with $|z|=2$ in the upper half plane.
So now we can evaluate the integral by computing $F(-2)-F(2)$, while paying careful attention to argument. (I recommend drawing some triangles)
$$\log(2+i)=\ln|2+i|+i\cdot\arg(2+i)=\ln(\sqrt{5})+i\cdot\arg(2+i)$$ $$\log(2-i)=\ln|2-i|+i\cdot\arg(2-i)=\ln(\sqrt{5})-i\cdot\arg(2+i)$$
So we have that $F(2)=\ln(5)$.
$$\log(-2+i)=\ln|-2+i|+i\cdot\arg(-2+i)=\ln(\sqrt{5})+i(\pi/2+\pi/2-\arg(2+i))$$ $$\log(-2-i)=\ln|-2-i|+i\cdot\arg(-2-i)=\ln(\sqrt{5})+i(\pi+\arg(2+i))$$
Now we have $F(-2)=\ln(5)+2\pi i$. So $F(-2)-F(2)=2\pi i$.
An easier method to evaluate the integral is by deforming the upper half of the circle of radius 2 down to the x-axis. We will also pick up a residue at the point $z=i$. Let $\gamma(t)=2e^{it}$ for $0\leq t\leq\pi$.
$$\int_\gamma\frac{2z}{z^2+1}dz=\int_2^{-2}\frac{2x}{x^2+1}dx+2\pi i\cdot\text{Res}\left(\frac{2z}{z^2+1};z=i\right) \\ =0+2\pi i\cdot\lim_{z\to i}\frac{(z-i)2z}{z^2+1} \\ =2\pi i$$
 - $\begingroup$ Thank you for this answer. Although I am not sure about the validity of the first step The identity log(z^2+1)=log(z+i)+log(z-i) holds up to integer multiplies of 2*Pi*i, yet k is unknown.. The book states there is no analytic branch of log(z) in the given domain (I'm not sure why), yet the antiderivative can be described by more than one branch of log(z) $\endgroup$ – breeze Aug 2 '16 at 23:34
 - $\begingroup$ log(z^2+1)=log(z+i)+log(z-i) for all z not equal to i,-i $\endgroup$ – Elliot Aug 3 '16 at 3:24
 - $\begingroup$ Consider z=-2+i then (arg(z+i)=3pi/4 + arg(z-i)=pi)=7pi/4>3pi/2 $\endgroup$ – breeze Aug 3 '16 at 3:57
Your Answer


text:
Home » Customize
Customize your directory
If you have already copy the given HTML code and paste it
into your page, you should be wondering how are you going to
change its appearance such as colors, fonts and size. Well
look no more, because everything is here.
Customizing fonts, size and colors for your directory is
easy. All you need to know is some basic knowledge of
Cascading Style Sheet (CSS).
But don't worry if you know nothing about CSS. Just copy
the following CSS code and paste it just before the line where
you paste the directory's HTML code. You can change the
parameter and experience yourself with it. Go on, it won't do
Eksplora uses 2 class name which is "eks" and
"ekshead" in it's output.
- eks - is for the default text appearance
- ekshead - is for category heading
If you know CSS, you may explore the various setting and
customization using these 2 classes. Good Luck!

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


Halo Alpha
Halo Alpha
CMA Arabia was a Charon-class light frigate under the command of the Colonial Military Administration.
Operational History[]
Arabia was part of Battlegroup 4 led by Captain Veredi of CMA Heracles that was sent to Harvest to find out what happened to the scout ship CMA Argo and Harvest. The battle group consisted of the destroyer CMA Heracles and the frigates Arabia and CMA Vostok. They were sent to discover the fate of the colony on the planet Harvest, where contact had recently been lost with the local populace. The battle group encountered a Covenant vessel holding station in Harvest orbit and Arabia was destroyed almost instantly by the Covenant's superior firepower. All hands were lost aboard the vessel.[1][3]
Its partner ship, Vostok, was destroyed at the same time and Heracles was forced to retreat after sustaining heavy damage.
The CMA Arabia had one meter of armor plating.[2]
 1. 1.0 1.1 Halo: The Fall of Reach - Pages 96-99
 2. 2.0 2.1 Halo: The Fall of Reach - Page 121 (Digital)
 3. Halo Wars: Genesis - Pages 1 & 2


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For insolvent companies, being served a winding up petition is a very real possibility. The procedure can be used by creditors as a means of trying to recover a debt they are owed. Being on the receiving end of a winding up petition can be catastrophic for a company, and stressful for the directors.
If a winding up petition is allowed to run its course, it will result in the closing of a company regardless of its directors' wishes. Given the severity of this procedure, directors would be wise to understand how it works, especially if their company is facing insolvency.
In this article, Clarke Bell will discuss the winding up petition procedure, how it impacts limited companies, and what you can do to prevent your company from receiving a winding up petition.
What is a winding up petition?
Winding up petitions are a legal procedure available to creditors of companies when they are owed money. If they so choose, these creditors can submit a winding up petition to the courts, which will decide whether action should be taken. If the court approves it, the company in question will be served a winding up order, beginning the process of compulsory liquidation.
Winding up petitions are not the first port of call for creditors looking to recover debts. It is a stressful and time-consuming procedure from a creditor's perspective, one that doesn't always result in a positive outcome. Bridges will be burned, the company in question closed, and creditors may well only receive a part of their debt for their trouble. Additionally, winding up petitions aren't cheap, with the procedure costing upwards of £3,000. As such, creditors generally turn to a winding up petition when all other options have failed.
How does a winding up petition work?
A winding up petition has a fairly lengthy process that can take anywhere from 2-4 months. The process is broken up into several key steps that must be followed in sequence for the petition to be valid. These steps are as follows:
- The first step is for one or more creditors to sign a winding up petition, then submit it to the relevant court. For companies with a share capital in excess of £120,000, then the signatories will submit the petition to the High Court. If not, then the petition should be sent to the local court nearest the company's registered head office.
- Once the winding up petition has been submitted, the case will be considered by the courts. If approved, the petition will be served to the company in question's head office. This starts the winding up process in earnest, and begins a countdown to a court hearing.
- Creditors that signed the petition must publish it in the Gazette no more than seven days after the company receives the order.
- Relevant documents, such as a copy of the Gazette notice, must be filed with the appropriate court at least five days in advance of the court hearing.
- The final step of the winding up petition process is the hearing itself. In this hearing, both the petitioners and representatives of the company can speak, offering whatever evidence they may have to support their case.
There are two possible outcomes of this hearing; either the court sides with the petitioners and places the company into compulsory liquidation, or it sides with the company and allows it to remain in operation.
Can a winding up petition be reversed?
It is possible for companies to stop a winding up petition. The simplest option is to repay outstanding debts. However, for insolvent companies, this is not possible. Instead, the directors may be better off negotiating with outstanding creditors. This won't necessarily remove the possibility of a winding up petition, but communicating with creditors can help delay a petition until you can improve your company's finances. A Company Voluntary Arrangement (CVA) could be an option if you choose this approach.
Using a CVL to prevent a winding up petition
A Creditors' Voluntary Liquidation is a voluntary insolvency procedure that allows directors to close their companies of their own accord. The procedure can be invaluable to insolvent companies, offering several key benefits that allow directors to reach a positive outcome.
As a voluntary procedure, directors of insolvent companies may appoint an insolvency practitioner of their choice to the role of liquidator. This liquidator will be responsible for the execution of the CVL, and will take control over the company to do so. The liquidator will identify any company assets, dispose of them for as high a value as possible, and distribute the proceeds amongst outstanding creditors. Once all funds have been dispersed, the company will be wound up and removed from the Companies House register. Any debts that remain after this point will be written off, assuming none are secured by personal guarantees.
While CVLs are excellent tools for closing insolvent companies, they offer more than just an efficient method of voluntary liquidation. One of the main benefits is that the procedure is voluntary. This demonstrates the directors' willingness to act in the interests of their company's creditors. This makes it difficult for accusations of misconduct to stick, and provides a strong defence should they ever make it to the courts.
Closing your company with a CVL is often the best option if you believe your creditors are planning to serve a winding up petition and you cannot pay the debts.
Let Clarke Bell help you
If your company has been served a winding up petition, or you think one is on the way, you should seek professional help now.
Clarke Bell can help you find the best option available to you and your situation. Our advice is free.
If you appoint us to liquidate your company, our CVL fee is from just £1,995 +VAT.
We have been helping company directors deal with debt problems like this since 1994. Our team is both professional and friendly, and are ready to help you.
A lot of directors tell us that they wish they had dealt with their problems sooner than they eventually did.
Give us a call now, sort out your company's debt problems, and have a fresh start.


text:
Posted by: Ivy Wigmore
adjectival phrases, Business writing, CIO, hyphenation
|Which is correct?
A limited number of hard copies are available; you can pick them up on a _______________ basis.
Explanation: In this context, the phrase is an adjective modifying "basis" so we hyphenate.
As a standalone sentence, the phrase uses the other form: A limited number of hard copies are available. First come, first served.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Adhesions are scar tissue that forms between two structures or organs inside the body that are not normally connected to each other. This tissue may bond to nearby surfaces because of inflammation, surgery, or trauma.
For example, scar tissue can develop on the abdominal organs after any abdominal surgery or as a result of inflammation or infection in the abdominal area. Abdominal adhesions can cause pain, blockage, or other problems, depending on where they are located.
If adhesions cause pain and other problems, surgery may be needed to cut the scar tissue and separate the structures or organs, although adhesions may recur after this surgery.
Last Revised: June 29, 2010
Author: Healthwise Staff
Medical Review: Sarah Anne Marshall, MD - Family Medicine & Deborah A. Penava, BA, MD, FRCSC, MPH - Obstetrics and Gynecology
To learn more visit Healthwise.org
© _PHONE_ Healthwise, Incorporated. Healthwise, Healthwise for every health decision, and the Healthwise logo are trademarks of Healthwise, Incorporated.


text: We present an exploration of generative probabilistic models for multi-document summarization. Beginning with a simple word frequency based model (Nenkova and Vanderwende, 2005), we construct a sequence of models each injecting more structure into the representation of document set content and exhibiting ROUGE gains along the way. Our final model, HIERSUM, utilizes a hierarchical LDA-style model (Blei et al., 2004) to represent content specificity as a hierarchy of topic vocabulary distributions. At the task of producing generic DUC-style summaries, HIERSUM yields state-of-the-art ROUGE performance and in pairwise user evaluation strongly outperforms Toutanova et al. (2007)'s state-of-the-art discriminative system. We also explore HIERSUM's capacity to produce multiple 'topical summaries' in order to facilitate content discovery and navigation.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Riding the school bus, for kids with autism or sensory issues, can be an overwhelming and uncomfortable experience. A local expert explains how parents can help make the ride more manageable.
For kids on the autism spectrum, riding the bus to school can be an overwhelming sensory experience that causes anxiety and agitation. Fortunately, there are several ways parents can prepare their child for this experience and make the trip to school more manageable from the start of the year.
Debra Reicher, Ph.D., the director of psychological services at The Hagedorn Little Village School in Seaford, offers advice on how to make the bus ride more comfortable.
What are some things parents can do to make the school bus ride more comfortable for their children with autism?
Children on the autism spectrum vary in their overall levels of functioning. However, the core deficits in all ASD children are related to social communication. Many children with ASD also have sensory issues and may find certain sensory stimuli such as noise, smells, and lights overwhelming. Riding on a school bus can place some children with ASD on sensory overload, which can result in anxiety and agitation. Providing ways for your child to remain calm and self sooth while riding on the bus can be helpful. This may include giving your child a small and safe toy to hold and/or play with while riding the bus or a comfort object from home such as a stuffed animal. Some children with autism have difficulty relinquishing certain items and s/he may find it comforting to hold these preferred items when stressed. For children who find noisy areas stressful, headphones or an iPod may help if approved by the bus company.
Many children with ASD have difficulty tolerating change or new situations. For children who have not had experience riding the bus, preparing them for this experience ahead of time can be helpful. Many children with ASD are visual learners. Preparing a detailed story about riding the bus with words and pictures can help the child anticipate what to expect. You can even take real photographs of the bus, the bus driver, and the school to help the child with this experience. The child can also take a visual schedule that can be affixed to a laminated strip on the bus which breaks down the steps in detail and with pictures (i.e. I get on the bus, I put my seatbelt on, I stay seated, I get off the bus when I get to my school).
Who in the school system can help parents address problems their child may be having on the bus?
Parents should contact the bus company as well as the child's teacher and, if necessary, the school psychologist. Enhancing the communication between the bus staff, parent, and school is the best way to ensure an easy bus trip for the child. Parents should provide the bus driver with information about their child, for example, how s/he communicates, what s/he likes, and what may overwhelm him or her. Investigating the cause of the problem must be a team effort and precipitants such as sensory stimuli (i.e. noise), the length of the bus ride, and the impact of other children must all be considered.
Would you recommend parents introduce their child to the other kids on the bus before school starts?
This may not necessarily help since children on the autism spectrum have difficulties with developing peer relationships. As many ASD children are in mainstream schools, educating typically developing children about autism is likely to increase the compassion and empathy of other children and ultimately decrease problems on the bus.
Debra Reicher, Ph.D., is the director of psychological services at The Hagedorn Little Village School on Long Island, a nonprofit school that provides educational and therapeutic services to children with developmental disabilities. Dr. Reicher has been performing diagnostic evaluations and working with children and families with autism spectrum disorders for more than 20 years.
Why Children on the Autism Spectrum are More Vulnerable to Bullying
Autism Speaks Launches School Community Tool Kit 2.0


Gender: Female
Origin: American
Meaning: Little Child
The name Alanna means Little Child and is of American origin. Alanna is a name that's been used primarily by parents who are considering baby names for girls.
From Irish. Or from the name ALAN
Variations include: Alanah, Alannah
People who like the name Alanna also like the names: Abigail, Amelia, Arianna, Arabella, Ava, Ella, Aurora, Alexander, Liam, Jackson, Gavin, Benjamin, Ethan, Adam
Stats for the Name Alanna
checkmark Alanna is currently #68 on the Baby Names popularity charts
checkmark Alanna is currently #529 in U.S. births


text:
Run QBASIC on Android
QBASIC is a simple programming language. It was made and launched in 1964 by John G. Kemenny and Thomas E. Kurtz. QBASIC is now owned by Microsoft. QBASIC stands for Quick Beginners' All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code. It has simple commands like CLS, Input, Print, Let, GOTO, IF…THEN etc. QBASIC has Characterized User Interface (CUI). It is similar to MS-DOS. Almost all the Microsoft OS can run QBASIC.
Android is a Linux-based Mobile Operating System. It is found in many Samsung phones like Samsung Galaxy Series. Nearly all the PC Tabs use Android OS. Android users enjoy many advanced features that are not found in PCs. What if they could create small programs in their phones? Yes, they can by using QBASIC.
But, there is no QBASIC application on Google Play. How will they create programs? It's simple with aDOSBox. It is an Android DOS Emulator.
Let's start programming!
- The first thing you will have to do is download aDOSBox (Android DOSbox) to your Android Device. Here is the URL: _URL_
- After it is installed, you can open it and explore the app. The font maybe too small, but it is readable. Some phones have small screen, so there might be a problem understanding the texts.
- Now, the final thing you need is the QBASIC application. This is a Windows application, not Android. You might have the QB.EXE or qbasic.exe file on your computer.
- Copy it to your SD Card. Make a folder called "QBASIC" and move the QBASIC application to it.
- Open aDOSbox.
- Type the command 'CLS' and press enter.
You'll be seeing this:
- Then, type the following:
mount d /sdcard/qbasic
- Note that there is a space between d and /
- After that, /sdcard/qbasic will be mounted as local directory.
- Type d:
- You will be taken to D: directory i.e. SD Card. C: is Phone Memory and D: is the SD Card.
- Type the name of the QBASIC application present inside the QBASIC folder. If it's QB.exe, then type QB.exe and press enter
- After a second or two, the QBASIC screen appears!
You will have to learn how to move mouse pointer yourself. It's not that difficult. You first need to enable Mouse Emulation feature. When you slide your finger to right, the mouse pointer moves right. Take it to the desired place and press anywhere on the screen to click on the menu or area. My phone screen is small, so the font size is small and the graphics are not clear. However, QBASIC works the same way on your phone as in the computer. You can save programs, run them, change background color, create subs etc. If you want to exit QBASIC, then click on File and then Exit. The experience is amazing in a Tablet.
Check out some screenshots:
Check out some QBASIC programs here: _URL_
Share your experiences on comment. Thank you. Have fun!


Who, what, why: What happens when a country loses its 'birth certificate'?
Breaking News
However, as Fiji celebrated the 40th anniversary of winning independence from the UK, its government admitted it had lost the legal Independence Order presented to ministers by Prince Charles in 1970.
And after five years of scouring files in government departments, it was forced to take the embarrassing step of asking its former colonial masters for a photocopy.
But when a country loses such a document, does the right to independence go with it?
Almost certainly not, according to Catherine Redgwell, professor of international law at University College London.
Independence papers, meanwhile, are largely symbolic items.
In the same way that losing your birth certificate does not mean you cease to exist, the legitimacy of a state does not rest on a piece of paper, agrees Prof Roda Mushkat....
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text:
How has the changing nature of society and communal values resulted in law reform?
As societies and social values evolve, law reform is implemented to ensure that the legal system is parallel to changing communal values. In the aspect of family law, law reforms have been initiated in a range of aspects such as parental responsibility, alternate family relationships, surrogacy, birth technologies and more.
Alternate family relationships:
Whilst previously the general idea of family was a married couple with children, changes in social and communal values have resulted in alternate family arrangements. To mirror this change, the legal system has implemented reform to recognise these alternate arrangements. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Island Customary marriages:
Previously, ATS customary marriages were not recognised under the Australian legal system as they did not fulfil all of the requirements of the Marriages Act however over time the legal system has recognised that this has resulted in unfair treatment of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders in many instances such as taxation, superannuation, compensation, property and children. Thus, the government now recognises ATS marriages albeit to a limited extent. They are given the same rights as de facto relationships in aspects such as legitimacy of children, adoption, fostering and child welfare laws, distribution of property, intestacy, compensation, superannuation (covered by Social Security Act) and tax rebate. De Facto Couples:
Whilst earlier, society frowned upon couples living together in a bona fide relationship prior to marriage, this has become a common aspect of modern society with a large percentage of couples living together in a de facto relationship prior to marriage and some even opting to not get married. To accommodate for this evolution of communal ideals, reform was implemented through the Property (relationships) Act 1984, providing legal recognition for de facto relationships given...
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text:
Next, we'll find out how to add event handlers to XBL-defined elements.
As you might expect, mouse clicks, key presses and other events are passed to each of the elements inside the content. However, you may wish to trap the events and handle them in a special way. You can add event handlers to the elements inside the content if needed. The last example in the previous section demonstrated this. In that example,
handlers were added to some buttons.
However, you may want to add an event handler to the entire contents, that is, all the elements defined in the
tag. This could be useful when trapping the focus and blur events. To define an event handler, use the
element. Each will describe the action taken for a single event handler. You can use more than one handler if necessary. If an event does not match any of the
events, it is simply passed to the inner content as usual.
The general handler syntax is as follows:

Place all of your handlers within the
element defines the action taken for a particular event specified by its
focus. Use the event name without the 'on' in front of it.
A common reason to set handlers is to modify the custom properties when an event occurs. For example, a custom checkbox might have a checked property which needs to be changed when the user clicks the checkbox:

When the user clicks and releases the mouse button over the check box, the
mouseup event is sent to it, and the handler defined here is called, causing the state of the checked property to be reversed. Similarly, you may wish to change a property when the element is focused. You might have a need to change whether an element can have the focus or not. For this, you can use a special style property
-moz-user-focus. This property controls whether an element can be focused. (see Focus and Selection)
Handling Mouse Events
For mouse events, you can use the
button attribute to have the handler only trap events that occur from a certain button. Without this attribute, the handler traps all events regardless of the button that was pressed. The
button attribute should be set to either
0 for the left mouse button,
1 for the middle mouse button or
2 for the right mouse button.

Handling Key Events
For key events, you can use a number of attributes similar to those for the
element to match a specific key and match only when certain modifer keys are pressed. The previous example could be extended so that the checked property of the check box is changed when the space bar is pressed.

You can also use the
keycode attribute to check for non-printable keys. The section on keyboard shortcuts provides more information. The modifier keys can be checked by adding a
modifiers attribute. This should be set to one of the values set below:
- The user must press the Alt key.
- The user must press the Control key.
- The user must press the Meta key.
- The user must press the Shift key.
- The user must press the special modifier key that is usually used for keyboard shortcuts on their platform.
If set, the handler is only called when the modifier is pressed. You can require multiple modifier keys by separating them with spaces.
The following alternate syntax can be used when the code in a handler is more complex:
 -- handler code goes here --
The following example adds some key handlers to create a very primitive local clipboard:
Example 1 : Source

The content is a single textbox. A field
clipboard has been added to it to store the clipboard contents. This does mean that the clipboard operations are limited to this single textbox. However, each one will have its own buffer.
Three handlers have been added, one for cut, one for copy and the other for paste. Each has its own keystroke that invokes it. The first handler is the cut operation and is invoked when the Control key is pressed along with the x key. The script within the
action attribute is used to cut the text from the textbox and put it into the clipboard field. For simplicity, the entire text is cut and not just the selected text. The code works as follows:
this.clipboard=document.getAnonymousNodes(this).value;The first element of the anonymous content array is retrieved which gives a reference to the textbox element, which happens to be the first (and only) element within the content element. The value property is retrieved which will provide the text within the textbox. This is then assigned to the clipboard field. The result is copying the text in the textbox into this special clipboard.
document.getAnonymousNodes(this).value=''The text of the textbox is then assigned a value of a null string. This effectively clears the text in the textbox.
A copy operation is similar but does not clear the text afterwards. Pasting is the opposite where the value of the textbox is assigned from the value in the clipboard field. If we were creating a real implementation of these clipboard keyboard shortcuts, we would probably use the real clipboard interface and handle the current selection as well.
In the next section, we'll see how to extend existing XBL definitions.


text:
Learning SuDocs Call Numbers
This tutorial is designed to teach staff or student workers the SuDocs classification or call number system. The first section, SuDocs Basics, gives a brief overview of the system and focuses on the three most important things to remember. The second section is an interactive quiz with multiple choice and true/false questions, where even wrong answers teach a lesson. In the third section, you can arrange call numbers in shelving order in four different call number sequences.
This interactive tutorial is sponsored by the Continuing Education Fund Working Group of the Education Committee of the American Library Association's Government Documents Round Table. Originally designed by Becky Fox, former staff member of the Michigan State University Libraries.


Starting multiple different sub-processes using Call Activity
Hi everyone.
Since I am m pretty new to flowable I am working on test scenario which contains tree sequential activities as shown below:
image
First activity is a script which contains a list of sub-processes which needs to start using Call Activity. Last script task is only for logging when whole process finish.
Could someone explain me how to start multiple different parallel sub-processes from list using Call Activity? In other words is it possible to start process1, process2 and process3 in parallel using Call Activity? And how?
I cant find anything on forum/documentation on how to set up Call Activity using only web-based flowable modeler.
Hi vkras,
Regards
Martin
Thank you. I will go through documentation.
Hi Martin.
I did go through documentation and I cant find part where is described how to start 3 different parallel processes using call activity.
Should I use collection property for starting 3 different processes using call activity and how? I cant find any detailed documentation about how to set properties up for call activity to start 3 different parallel processes.
KR
You need to make the call activity multi instance (this applies to any BPMN activity, by the way). When doing so, you can pass in a collection - for each element in the collection there will be one instance of the call activity.
Note that you need to set the 'called element' property of the call activity as an expression ${myVar} which matches the element variable of the multi instance.
1 Like


text:
When a bearing moves circumferentially between the bearing ring and the bearing seat it is said to 'creep'. Bearing creep can occur at the shaft or the housing and the result of excessive creep can include overheating and erosion of smooth bearing surfaces.
Bearings are made to exacting tolerances and they should always be fitted to a shaft and a housing taking these tolerances into consideration. When a bearing is not the right size for the application in which it is used it's inevitable that creep will occur. To stop bearing creep the shaft and the housing to which the bearing is fitted must be thus machined extremely accurately.
If the ring and the seat are to rotate without creep, the bearing should usually have an interference fit or a press fit. A circlip or other type of clamp is also a good idea as this can stop lateral movement.
Even if a bearing is fitted using a press fit, creep can occur if the applied load is not in a direct rotating nature. This will cause the bearing to be either pulled or pushed on the shaft which can cause wear and hence cause creep to occur.


text:
The Muhimbi PDF Converter for SharePoint has been able to convert and merge multiple files (including web pages) into a single PDF file for some time, a facility used by many of our customers. Previously it was possible to use the SharePoint User Interface, our API and the Muhimbi Workflow Power Pack to control this merge process, but as of version 5.1 it is also possible to merge files using both SharePoint Designer and Nintex Workflow.
This post shows how to use SharePoint Designer to create a workflow that automatically adds a cover page to a document whenever it is created or updated. If the document is not already in PDF Format it will convert the file as part of the merging process.
The SharePoint Designer Workflow Activity is named Merge Documents into PDF. After adding it to your workflow you will see the following Workflow Sentence.
The following fields are available:
- These Documents: This field specifies the list of documents / URLs to merge (and convert if needed). Each file must be specified on a new line and each line may contains three ';' separated values
- File Path: The path to the file to merge or URL of web page to convert. This may already be a PDF file, but if not – and the file format is supported by the converter – then it will be converted first. The path can be relative to the current site (e.g. Shared Documents/Some File.docx) or absolute (e.g. /sites/Finance/Shared Documents/Some Folder/Some file.docx). SharePoint Designer Workflow Lookups are fully supported, which can be used to dynamically generate the path for the current file, e.g. [%Current Item:URL Path%]. In SharePoint 2010 always use forward slashes in your file path, see KB2529610. When specifying a file please make sure the path does not include the host name, e.g. 'http://your site/…'. If you wish to convert web pages then the path MUST start with http:// or https://.
- Include Bookmarks: The source file may already include PDF Bookmarks, or may be able to generate such bookmarks as part of the conversion process, e.g. an MS-Word file. Specify true to copy these bookmarks to the merged PDF file, or false to strip out any bookmarks. This value is optional
- Custom Bookmark value: The this field parameter (see below for details) can be overridden using the third parameter. Specify the name of the 'top level bookmark' for the file, specify "" to remove the bookmark for this document or don't specify anything at all to use the value stored in the column referenced by the this field parameter. For an example see the exercise below.
- This File: An optional filename (and path) to write the merged document to. When not specified, the same name as the document that triggered the workflow will be used with a '.pdf' file extension. Please make sure the path does not include the host name, e.g. 'http://your site/…'., see this post for details.
- This Field: In a way similar to the User Interface for the merge facility, it is possible to specify a name of the column which contents will be used to populate the PDF Bookmark for the merged document. For example, specifying name or title makes it very easy to jump between the various sections of the merged PDF file.
- Variable: List ID: If you wish to carry out further actions on the generated PDF file, e.g. perform a check-in, then you can optionally write the ID of the List the PDF was written to in a workflow variable.
- Variable: List Item ID: Similarly to List ID, the Item ID of the generated PDF file can optionally be written to a workflow variable.
OK, so that is the theory. Let's create a sample to automatically add a cover page to each document. In this example we will use SharePoint Designer 2010, but the steps for SharePoint Designer 2007 are nearly identical.
Download and install the PDF Converter for SharePoint. You will need version 5.1 or newer.
If not already installed, download and install the free SharePoint Designer for your environment (2007 or 2010).
Make sure you have the appropriate privileges to create workflows on a site collection.
Create, or navigate to, the Document Library that will be used for this workflow and add a simple MS-Word file named cover page.docx. This file can really be in any format and if its content is static it is recommend to use a PDF file for this purpose so it doesn't need to be converted repeatedly for every merge operation.
Open SharePoint Designer, open the relevant Site, create a new workflow, associate it with the Document Library used in step #4 and enable all Start Options to make sure the workflow is triggered when an item is created and updated.
Add a condition to check that the type property of the current item does not equal pdf. Otherwise the workflow will recursively trigger whenever the merged file is written to the same document library.
Add the Merge Documents into PDF workflow Action and click the these documents parameter.
Add a line for the location of the cover page, note that our Document Library is named Automatic Merging. There is no need to specify the optional Include Bookmark and Custom Bookmark values, although you can if you wish to.
The second file to merge is the one that triggered the workflow. Position the cursor on the 2nd line of the String Builder and click the Add or Change Lookup button. Select Current Item as the Data Source and URL Path as the Field from source. Click OK to close the Lookup for String window. We want to include the source document's bookmarks so enter ;true at the end of the second line.
Your String Builder should now look similar to the screenshot under step #8. Click OK to accept the changes.
In this example we want the (merged) output file to use the same name and path as the source file that triggered the workflow, so there is not need to change the this file parameter.
Click the this field parameter and select the field you wish to use for the content of the PDF Bookmarks. In this example we'll select Name.
We are all done, publish the workflow and add an MS-Word file with the content to merge to the Document Library. After a few seconds a PDF file will be created consisting of the cover page and the content. Open the PDF file and use the Bookmark pane to quickly navigate to the start of the 2 documents.


Nuclear physicist who worked for the CIA, executed in Iran
Source : 112 Ukraine
On penalty reported scientist's relatives, after his body was returned to his native city
15:38, 7 August 2016
Фото из открытых источников
Iranian nuclear physicist Shahram Amiri, who lived a long time in the USA was executed in Tehran. This was reported by the scientist's family, according to BBC. On penalty reported Amiri's relatives, when his body was returned to his native city. They found the traces of rope around the neck of the scientist.
Shahram Amiri in 2009 went on a pilgrimage to Mecca, and then disappeared and appeared in the United States, where, as reported he was kept by force by the CIA. US denied any involvement in the abduction. In 2010, ABC News channel reported that a nuclear physicist fled to the United States and helped the CIA to gather information on Iran's nuclear program. Subsequently, the White House said that the scientist willfully fled to the United States and gave Washington the important information.
In 2010, Amiri returned to Tehran, where he was greeted as a hero. However, after this he fell under long period of imprisonment.
Related: Iran is first to ban Pokémon Go
Related: Iranian oil might be transported to Central Europe via Ukraine
Система Orphus
see more


Saturday, November 25, 2006
Solution to the general cubic equation
Girolamo Cardano was able to find a general solution to the cubic equation based on Nicolo Fontana Tartaglia's solution to the depressed cubic equation.
For an equation of the form x3 + bx2 + cx + d = 0, Cardano did this by setting x = y - b/3.
The solution is complicated. Still, this solution was a very important step forward past the mathematics of Ancient Greece. Additionally, it would lead eventually to the acceptance of imaginary numbers and the establishment of group theory.
Lemma 1: Cardano's simplification of general cubic equation
x3 + bx2 + cx + d = 0
Then there exists y,p,q such that:
y3 + py + q = 0
(1) x3 + bx2 + cx + d = 0
(2) Let y = x + b/3
(3) Then, x = y - b/3
(4) x3 = (y - b/3)3 = y3 - 3by2/3 + 3b2y/9 - b3/27 =
= y3 - by2 + b2y/3 - b3/27
(5) bx2 = b(y - b/3)2 = by2 - 2b2y/3 + b3/9
(6) x3 + bx2 = y3 - b2y/3 + 2b3/27
(7) x3 + bx2 + cx + d =
= y3 - b2y/3 + 2b3/27 + c(y - b/3) + d =
= y3 + (c - b2/3)y + (2b3/27 - bc/3 + d)
(8) Let:
p = c - b2/3
q = 2b3/27 - bc/3 + d
Theorem: Solution to General Cubic Equation
ax3 + bx2 + cx + d = 0
(1) ax3 + bx2 + cx + d = 0
(2) If we divide all sides by a, we get:
x3 + (b/a)x2 + (c/a)x + (d/a) = 0
(3) Then using Lemma 1 above, if we set:
y = x - (b/a)/3
p = (c/a) - (b/a)2/3
q = -2(b/a)3/27 + (b/a)(c/a)/3 - (d/a)
Then we have:
y3 + py - q = 0
y3 + py = q
(4) Now, using the solution for the depressed cubic (see Theorem, here),
we have:
(5) Finally, adjusting for step #3, if we let:
r = (b/a)/3
Then we have:
Proof of Solution to Depressed Cubic
In today's blog, I will show a proof of the solution to the depressed cubic equation. Using Girolamo Cardano's trick (next blog), it is possible to use the solution to the depressed cubic equation to solve the general cubic equation.
Lemma 1: x3 = bx + c → ∃ u,v such that: b=3uv, c=u3 + v3, x = u + v
(1) Let x3 = bx + c.
(2) Let x = u + v
(3) (u + v)3 = u3 + 3u2v + 3uv2 + v3 = 3uv(u + v) + (u3 + v3)
(4) 3uv(u + v) + (u3 + v3) = b(u + v) + c
(5) So that b = 3uv and c = u3 + v3
Lemma 2: if b=3uv and c=u3 + v3, then:
we can assume:
u3 = c/2 + √(c/2)2 - (b/3)3
v3 = c/2 - √(c/2)2 - (b/3)3
(1) b=3uv → v = b/3u
(2) u3 + v3 = u3 + (b/3u)3 =
= u3 + b3/(27u3) = c
(3) So that we have:
u3 + b3/(27u3) - c = 0
(4) Multiplying both sides by u3 gives us:
u6 + b3/27 - cu3 = 0
(5) Using the solution for quadratic equations (see here) gives us:
u3 = (c/2) ± √(c/2)2 - (b/3)3
(6) Since u3 + v3 = c, we can assume that:
u3 = (c/2) + √(c/2)2 - (b/3)3
v3 = (c/2) - √(c/2)2 - (b/3)3
Theorem: Solution of the Depressed Cubic
x3 + bx = c
(1) x3 + bx = c
(2) So that we have:
x3 = (-b)x + c
(3) Using Lemma 1 above, we see that there exists u,v such that:
x = u + v
(-b) = 3uv
c = u3 + v3
(4) Using Lemma 2 above, we see that:
u3 = (c/2) + √(c/2)2 - (-b/3)3 = (c/2) + √(c/2)2 + (b/3)3
v3 = (c/2) - √(c/2)2 - (-b/3)3 = (c/2) - √(c/2)2 + (b/3)3
(5) Since x = u+v, we have:
Friday, November 24, 2006
Depressed Cubic
Scipione del Ferro's great discovery which eventually led to the general solution of the cubic equation was the solution of the depressed cubic equation: x3 + bx = c In today's blog, I will show how del Ferro solved this equation. The content is taken from Paul J. Nahin's The Story of √-1 (1) Let x = u+v (2) Then: x3 + bx = (u + v)3 + b(u + v) = = u3 + 3u2v + 3uv2 + v3 + b(u + v) = = u3 + v3 + (3uv + b)(u + v) = c (3) Now, if: (3uv + b) = 0 then: u3 + v3 = c (4) Now, (3uv + b) = 0 → 3uv = -b and further: v = -b/(3u) (5) So if: u3 + v3 = c, then: u3 + [-b/(3u)]3 - c = u3 + (-b3)/(27u3) - c = u6 + (-b3/27 - cu3 = 0 (6) But this is an example of a quadratic equation since if: z = u3, then we have: u6 + (-b3/27) - cu3 = = z2 - cz -(b3/27) (7) Using the solution for the quadratic equation (see here), we have: z = (c/2) ± √c2 - 4(-b3/27)/2 = =(c/2) ± √c2/4 + b3/27 = u3 (8) Considering only the positive form, we have: (9) Since v3 = c - u3, we have: v3 = c - (c/2 + √c2/4 + b3/27 = = c/2 - √c2/4 + b3/27 (10) This then gives us: (11) Since x = u + v, this gives us that: (12) Since (-1)3 = (-1) (13) This tells us that we can restate (11) as the following: In another blog, I present a proof that this really is the solution of the depressed cubic. References
Wednesday, November 22, 2006
Nicolo Fontana Tartaglia
Nicolo Fontana "Tartaglia" was born around 1500 in Venice. His father was a "mail rider", a person who would ride from town to town, to make deliveries. When Tartaglia was six years old, his father was murdered during one of these trips.
When Tartaglia was 12, the French took over his town of Brescia. There had been fierce fighting and in retaliation, there was a great slaughter of the Brescian townfolks. It is said that 46,000 inhabitants were killed in the fighting and the revenge killings. Tartaglia, his mother, and his sister hid away in a cathedral. In the course of the fighting, Tartaglia was attacked and left for dead.
Somehow, he survived but for the rest of his


Maintenance, the device and car repairs Ford Focus - 3.3. A control lamp of emergency pressure of oil//Ford Focus - mybestwatch.ru
Ford Focus>> System of greasing of the engine>> Control lamp of emergency pressure of oil
The control lamp lights up at pressure in the greasing system, equal 30 — 50 kPas which cannot provide existence of a necessary oil film in rubbing places of the engine. The lamp can light up also when the car goes on a bend with a minimum level of oil: as centrifugal forces arising thus move oil in a case towards turn and the oil pump cannot take away necessary amount of oil. After fast driving on автобану or at movement on lifting the lamp idling starts to blink, it is a sign of that it is not enough pressure of oil. As soon as the lamp by the first pressing a gas pedal dies away again, it should not cause in you concern, however let's burn with it long, cool the engine better.
If the control lamp burns constantly, act as follows:
- immediately stop and muffle the engine;
- check level of oil and if necessary add it. Otherwise go carefully before the following filling and add oil there. Check after that, whether the lamp dies away at the working engine;
- if the lamp does not die away, tow off the car in the next workshop and find out the reason by means of the expert.


eShopOnWeb Architecture (16/16) – uses clean architecture
On a high level eShopOnWeb uses clean architecture.
The main idea of clean architecture is that the solution is spilt into different projects (or layers) and that the domain project is at the centre with all other projects pointing into it. Other projects typically include an Infrastructure and UI project. Importantly these point into the domain project via interfaces not concrete dependencies.
Concrete dependencies on things like Entity Framework and Redis are defined in the Infrastructure project. Dependency injection is a fundamental concept in clean architecture and is used to inject these dependencies at runtime.
The diagram below (taken from the accompanying eBook for eShopOnWeb) shows a typical clean architecture setup…
The main proposed benefits of clean architecture is that because its heavily abstracted its easy to swap out implementations and also easy to test. I've definitely seen these benefits when I've used it BUT unfortunately these benefits come with huge cost in terms of extra complexity of the overall solution.
One thing in particular with clean architecture is that it's so abstracted there's extra cognitive work required to actually know where in the application something is actually done and how things 'fit together'.
As clean architecture separates code by technical not functional concern it can often have really low functional cohesion and so code for any one use case is scattered all over the place. For example below shows the files (note.. some of these are needed by alternative architectures too) involved in the Get My Orders use case in eShopOnWeb. To get an end to end understanding of how this use case actually works I have to navigate through a lot of files and projects.
Click on the image for a larger view in a new window…
I find this kind of solution architecture very unsatisfying to work with as a developer and definitely notice myself using 'Go to Implementation' a lot when reviewing systems which use it.
Of course having so much separation of concerns also means debugging can be harder, onboarding can be harder, PRs can be larger as often a lot of files to change, tracking bugs back to check-ins can be harder, documenting the system can be harder and yes actually adding or changing features can IMHO also be much harder.
Vertical slice architecture as an alternative to clean architecture?
IMHO vertical slice architecture is a much more pragmatic and developer friendly macro-architecture.
With VSA we aim to limit abstractions and have high feature cohesion by placing concrete code which corresponds to any one feature or use case together. For example… in the below still from Derek Comartins Restructuring to a Vertical Slice Architecture video on YouTube he has restructured the eShopOnWeb code for the Get My Orders use case shown above so that it is all together…
And the code for Derek's refactor is available on the accompanying blog post on his site.
It might not be one for the 'purists' among us but IMHO having all (or most) of the code for a particular use case together (doesn't necessarily have to be in the same file) is much easier to work with than having to constantly navigate around layers of abstractions and multiple projects as is often the case with clean architecture.
Of course the above is just my opinion and using clean architecture is definitely not 'wrong'… it's extremely popular online and because context is everything some projects will absolutely benefit from the rigid structure it provides. In particular many architects feel it helps less senior developers into the 'pit of success' which basically means its an architecture which makes it harder for them to do the wrong things due to how structured and prescriptive it is.
What do you like to use in your apps? Clean architecture, vertical slice architecture or something else?
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Documentation for Confluence 5.4.
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This page explains how you can export individual Confluence pages, blog posts, entire spaces or selections of pages into a single PDF file.
Exporting single pages
You can export a Confluence page to PDF. This option exports a single page and is available to all users who have permission to view the page.
 - Go to a page in the space and choose Tools > Export to PDF. Follow the prompts to export the page.
Note that the export of a single page to PDF applies any PDF stylesheet customisations, but does not apply any PDF layout customisations. To make your PDF layout customisations apply to a single page exported to PDF, use the'multiple page' method described below to export that single page only. See Customising Exports to PDF.
Exporting a blog post
You can export a Confluence blog post to PDF. This option exports a single blog post and is available to all users who have permission to view the page.
 - Go to a blog post and choose Tools > Export to PDF. Follow the prompts to export the page.
Blog posts can only be exported individually. Blogs cannot be exported at the space level.
Exporting multiple pages or the entire space
Using Confluence's space export functionality, you can convert multiple pages or an entire space to PDF.
To use the space export functionality, you need the 'Export Space' permission. See the guide to space permissions.
To export a space or selected pages to PDF:
 1. Go to the space and choose Space tools > Content Tools on the sidebar.
 2. Choose Export. This option will only be visible if you have the 'Export Space' permission.
 3. Select PDF then choose Next
 4. Decide whether you need to customise the export:
 - Select Normal Export to produce a PDF file containing all the pages that you have permission to view.
 - Select Custom Export if you want to export a subset of pages.
 5. Select the pages you want to export.
 - You have the option to Select All or Deselect All pages.
 - When you select a page, all its child pages will also be selected. Similarly, when you deselect a page all its child pages will also be deselected.
 6. Choose Export.
 7. When the export process has finished, download and save the PDF file as prompted.
If your space uses the Documentation theme:
 1. Choose Browse > Space Operations
 2. Choose PDF Export from the left menu.
 3. Follow the steps above to export the Space.
Screenshot: Selecting pages to export
Customising the appearance of PDF exports
You can add a title page, a table of contents and customised headers and footers to the PDF output. For more advanced customisations, you can apply Cascading Style Sheet (CSS) modifications. These customisations are specific to each space. You need the 'Space Administrator' permission to be able to apply these customisations. For more information, see Customising Exports to PDF.
 - PDF exports will not handle columns created via the page layout option in the editor. If you have a twoor three-column layout, the PDF export will contain the page content in one single column. The issue is tracked here: CONF-25240 - PDF export does not handle page layouts Resolved
 - Comments on the page are not exported to the PDF file. The screenshot above and Confluence both suggest otherwise, issue is tracked here: CONF-27811 - Description of PDF Export is incorrect Resolved
 - Only image attachments that have been inserted into a page are included when exporting to PDF.
 - To export a PDF containing international text, you need to install a Unicode font in Confluence.
 - Blog posts can be individually exported, but are not included when you export a space to PDF.
 - If you have 'Space Administrator' permissions, the link to customise the PDF Stylesheet is provided at the top of the page tree, as shown in the screenshot above.
 - Confluence's PDF export feature is designed to handle a wide variety of content. However, on rare occasions the PDF Export process may fail due to an unrecognised customisation. If that happens the PDF export screen will indicate the title of the page in which the problem occurred, to help you diagnose the cause of the failure.
 1. How do I get the comments on the page to show up in the PDF when I use the export single page icon?
 1. Hi Matt,
 Unfortunately, Confluence does not provide this feature currently. However, we are aware of such needs and there is an improvement request being tracked at the following link:
 The improvement request above suggest Confluence to have the ability to include comments in the page PDF export. If you are keen on this improvement, please cast a vote to increase its popularity and add yourself as a watcher for future updates.
 Choy Li
 2. Anonymous
 This would be really useful. Does anyone know if it's possible yet?
 1. Hi,
 You may want to give a try by using the Auto-Export plugin that is available in our Confluence Extension space:
 If the above is not an option, you may want to give a try to search for other plugins in our Confluence Extension space which might meet your requirement. Hope the information does help.
 Choy Li
 3. If exporting to PDF, I run into problems if tables or pictures are involved. I created an issue for this on JIRA
 4. Hi,
 is it possible, to store the selection of exported pages for a later re-use?
 1. This would be very handy. Is it possible in 3.0?
 5. Anonymous
 Hi there, we found that when multiple users of the wiki exported an entire space at the same time, the wiki runs very slow...logging in to the wiki just hangs....once the export is finished, speed comes back to there any way to allow space export without running into this adverse performance issue?
 1. I have the same issue - needing visitors to be able to export multiple pages (a particular section of a space) as a pdf.
 The best way to deal with this would seem to be by automating PDF export (with certain supplied parameters) on a regular (e.g. nightly) basis. I read in some comment here (but can't find it now) that (ro-)bot-export of spaces is deliberately discouraged by Atlassian to guard against DDOS-type attacks, but would it be possible to create a local-only bot capable of running these exports according to supplied parameters (regularity, page(s) to include, pdf filename,...)?
 Bot-exported PDFs could be saved in a certain folder with a known naming structure, and wiki pages could include links to the appropriate pdf file (perhaps via macro), avoiding the whole automatically-generated performance hit issue.
 2. The space backup process consumes some extra resources, hence, it is understandable that Confluence may perform poorly if there's multiple concurrent space export.
 In the context of permission settings, you can assign/drop the "Space - Export" space permission if necessary.
 In regards to a single automated process, I think one can create a job plugins that runs the space export at an interval. You might be able to find better answers in Atlassian Answers.
 1. Thank you for the information - a job plugin (set up to use Cron) sounds exactly like what we need. Then it's just the case of creating the plugin to export specific pages within a space (or the whole space) and save it - all according to designated parameters. Do you know if the plugin architecture allows you to specify a subset of pages to be exported in the space (like is possible in the UI)?
 Another method would seem to be to use an external script using the RPC API - but right now you can only export an entire space as a PDF (but I've voted up a feature request for extra granularity here - see I found a python script that could be modified (currently exports a space as XML)...
 Anyway, I will search the public forums as you suggest... I just wanted to update this thread with these pointers. Thanks again.
 6. P
 We're using Confluence to create documentation and we use the PDf export mechanism to provide our customers with a PDF version of the documentation.
 Now, in the spaces we use for documentation, we have several pages that have viewing restrictions on them. This can be either pages that are not yet finished or just some internal pages with comments/directions etc.
 I know I can manually uncheck each single page that I do not want to have included before exporting, but I was wondering if it's not possible to run the export in such a way that it will only export what is visible to anonymous users?
 1. Sure - you just need to grant 'Export Space' permission to anonymous users, and then log out before starting the export.
 This will create the PDF including only those pages which are visible to anonymous users.
 If you don't want to enable exports for anonymous users, then you could create a new user, make sure that the permissions are set so that the user does not see your internal pages, and perform your PDF Exports using that restricted user.
 1. P
 Tnx, that'll do the trick. Should have come up with that myself


This is the 7th in a series of posts leading up to Node.js Knockout on using Nodemailer. This post was written by Node Knockout judge and Nodemailer creator Andris Reinman.
tl;dr — How to send an e-mail using Nodemailer
Install Nodemailer
> npm install nodemailer
Include the module in your script and create a reusable transport object
var nodemailer = require("nodemailer");
var smtpTransport = nodemailer.createTransport("SMTP",{
 service: "Gmail",
 auth: {
 user: "_EMAIL_",
 pass: "gmailpass"
 }
});
Send an e-mail using the connection object
smtpTransport.sendMail({
 from: "My Name <_EMAIL_>", // sender address
 to: "Your Name <_EMAIL_>", // comma separated list of receivers
 subject: "Hello ✔", // Subject line
 text: "Hello world ✔" // plaintext body
}, function(error, response){
 if(error){
 console.log(error);
 }else{
 console.log("Message sent: " + response.message);
 }
});
Send another e-mail without caring about the outcome (or add the callback function as well, like in the previous code block, if you do care)
smtpTransport.sendMail({
 from: "My Name <_EMAIL_>", // sender address
 to: "Your Name <_EMAIL_>", // comma separated list of receivers
 subject: "Hello ✔", // Subject line
 text: "Hello world ✔" // plaintext body
});
For additional details see Nodemailer documentation or read through this article.
Super brief introduction to e-mail technologies
There are several ways to send an e-mail but in the end it all comes down to the SMTP protocol (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol), since this is the method how e-mails are actually transferred in the interwebs. There have been some other propositions as well in the past, like ISO standardized X.400 for example but these never took off and thus don't really matter for most.
The reason why you don't just open a TCP connection to the recipients incoming SMTP server (the one that is found from the domains DNS MX record and listening on port 25), transmit the message and be done with it, is that in this way, most probably, your message ends up in the junk folder or gets lost entirely - for one, you are not a trusted sender, your sending volumes are way too low (what an irony). This behaviour is also not optimal, as your application would have to handle e-mail bounces, errors, greylisting etc. The better way instead is to turn to your Mail Submission Agent (MSA), which also speaks SMTP and for an exchange of your credentials, happily queues your message for delivery by a relaying Mail Transfer Agent (MTA), which in turn, also speaks SMTP. Often MSA and MTA are one and the same but in theory they are meant to perform somewhat different tasks.
SMTP is a textual protocol and looks a bit like this:
CLIENT: <initiates connection to the server>
SERVER: 220 bob the mailcat listening
CLIENT: HELO joe.the.sender
SERVER: 250 Hello, joe.the.sender, nice to meet you!
CLIENT: MAIL FROM:<_EMAIL_>
SERVER: 250 Ok, proceed with recipients
...
The numbers returned from the server are status codes, anything equal or above 400 is an error (HTTP anyone?)
While SMTP defines the transport of the envelope (from the sender's computer to the recipients inboxes), the contents of the envelope is a completely different thing. Actually the two are so unrelated, you can set whatever you want to as the message contents (you can spoof "from" and "to" addresses in the mail header, you can set a future or prehistoric date for the message, you can use strange byte sequences or use an invalid format etc.) and it still gets delivered. Depending on the MSA, some of the data might be corrected though (eg. the prehistoric date of yours might be adjusted to a more recent value) but not all of it.
It's exactly as with regular mail - you have an envelope that says where the letter is supposed end up and then you have the envelope contents that can contain a valid letter, addressed to the same person labeled on the envelope; or some money without an explanation; or some barb wire; or instead a letter addressed someone totally unrelated from the person on the label of the envelope. If you don't have the envelope you can never be sure just based on the included letter from where the message originates and to whom it was sent.
Thats why when you look at a spam mail you often see that the recipient name and address fields are blank or invalid - the e-mail client program takes this information from the message contents and not from the envelope. Luckily most servers prepend some of the envelope information also to the mail header, so if you look at the raw source of the message, the first line, "Delivered-To" says which actual address was the final receiver. With several mail accounts ending up in the same e-mail client box, you might not be always able to tell it by yourself. That is also how BCC works - the name is on the envelope but not in the message.
The most simple e-mail message only consists of header and ascii content
From: _EMAIL_
To: _EMAIL_
Subject: Hello
How are you doing?
If you've ever done HTTP, then the structure should seem familiar. There's a header block and after two consecutive line breaks (NB! all line breaks in the interwebs protocols use the form <CR><LF> (eg. the "windows style") and not the <LF> (the "unix style") form) comes the body of the message.
Nontrivial E-mail messages (the ones that want to use non-ascii characters or attachments or almost any other feature) are formatted by MIME which stands for Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions. You can include multiple "views" of the same data for the message (ie. HTML view and plaintext view), add binary attachments, use different character sets and so on but eventually it is all compiled to a single ascii-only file before it is being sent as the e-mail. The compiled raw source was meant to be human readable on ancient 80 column terminals but with multipart messages (attachments, different "views" etc), it is not a pleasant exercise to browse through - all "extensions" are added on top of the original plain format, making up an onion-like structure. For example one horror child of such extending is the way to support long unicode filenames etc. for attachments (RFC2231) that uses urlencoding instead of mime encoding.
While most of the strings in e-mail headers are encoded in MIME encoded-word, like the following
Subject: =?us-ascii?Q?This_is_even_more_***fun***_isn't_it!?=
Then here's an excerpt from the RFC2231 for splitting long header values:
Content-Type: application/x-stuff
 title*0*=us-ascii'en'This%20is%20even%20more%20
 title*1*=%2A%2A%2Afun%2A%2A%2A%20
 title*2="isn't it!"
No, it is not fun.
Y U NO USE SAME ENCODINGS FOR EVERYTHINGZ?
E-mail modules
To keep you away from the tedious task of mingling together standard compliant e-mail messages that would go through the wire, enter e-mail sending libraries. There are some for every programming language and for Node.js, there's Nodemailer by yours truly or emailjs by eleith. These, of course, are not the only options, there used to be (now deprecated) node_mailer by Marak Squires and there still is pony by substack, there's probably even more but for feature completeness I would definitely suggest using either Nodemailer or emailjs. As the author of Nodemailer I'm not going to describe the other modules but these are still worth checking out.
Installing Nodemailer
Installing Nodemailer follows the common path - you can install it from npm. Add a dependency to your package.json and run npm install
package.json contents:
...
"dependencies": {
 "nodemailer": "0.3.29"
},
...
NB! If you don't have a package file yet, you can create one automatically by running npm init.
Now update your installation by running in the same directory the package.json resides.
npm install
If you are on Windows, you are going to see some error messages flying through while installing but this is normal and doesn't affect how the module is going to work in the end. Nodemailer tries to drag iconv module to the party as an optional dependency and iconv needs compiling. The icon


NGC | Catalog
CatalogModelsVehicleMakeNet
VehicleMakeNet
For downloads and more information, please view on a desktop device.
Logo for VehicleMakeNet
Description
Resnet18 model to classify a car crop into 1 out 20 car brands.
Publisher
NVIDIA
Use Case
Classification
Framework
Transfer Learning Toolkit
Latest Version
pruned_v1.0.1
Modified
November 8, 2021
Size
16.45 MB
VehicleMakeNet Model Card
Model Overview
The model described in this card is a classification network, which aims to classify car images into 20 popular car makes. VehicleMakeNet is generally cascaded with DashCamNet or TrafficCamNet for smart city applications. This model classifies following cars: Acura, Audi, BMW, Chevrolet, Chrysler, Dodge, Ford, GMC, Honda, Hyundai, Infiniti, Jeep, Kia, Lexus, Mazda, Mercedes, Nissan, Subaru, Toyota, and Volkswagen.
Intended Use
VehicleMakeNet is generally cascaded with DashCamNet or TrafficCamNet for smart city applications. For example, DashCamNet or TrafficCamNet acts as a primary detector, detecting the objects of interest and for each detected car the VehicleMakeNet acts as a secondary classifier determining the make of the car. Businesses such as smart parking or gas stations can use the insights of the make of vehicles to understand their customers.
Model Architecture
This is a classification model with a Resnet18 backbone.
Training
The training algorithm optimizes the network to minimize the categorical cross entropy loss for the classes. The training is carried out in two phases. In the first phase, the network is trained with regularization to facilitate pruning. Following the first phase, we prune the network removing channels whose kernel norms are below the pruning threshold. In the second phase the pruned network is retrained.
Dataset
Training Data
VehicleMakeNet was trained on a proprietary dataset with more than 60K car images. The training dataset contains car crops from a mix of camera heights, camera angles, field-of view (FOV) and occlusions.
Performance
Evaluation Data
Dataset
The inference performance of the VehicleMake model was measured against 2000 proprietary images across a variety of environments, occlusion conditions, camera heights and camera angles.
Methodology and KPI
The KPI for the evaluation data are reported in the table below. Model is evaluated based on Top-1 accuracy.
Model VehicleMakeNet
Content Top1 Accuracy (in %)
Evaluation Set 91
Real-time Inference Performance
The inference is run on the provided pruned model at INT8 precision. On Jetson Nano, FP16 precision is used. The inference performance is run using trtexec on Jetson Nano, AGX Xavier, Xavier NX and NVIDIA T4 GPU. The Jetson devices are running at Max-N configuration for maximum GPU frequency. The performance shown here is the inference only performance. The end-to-end performance with streaming video data might slightly vary depending on other bottlenecks in the hardware and software.
How to Use this Model
This model needs to be used with NVIDIA Hardware and Software. For Hardware, the model can run on any NVIDIA GPU including NVIDIA Jetson devices. This model can only be used with Train Adapt Optimize (TAO) Toolkit, DeepStream SDK or TensorRT. There are two flavors of the model:
 - unpruned
 - pruned
The unpruned model is intended for training using TAO Toolkit and the user's own dataset. This can provide high fidelity models that are adapted to the use case. The Jupyter notebook available as a part of TAO container can be used to re-train. The pruned model is intended for efficient deployment on the edge using DeepStream SDK or TensorRT. This model accepts 224x224x3 dimension input tensors and outputs a 1x20 class confidence tensor. DeepStream provides a toolkit to create efficient video analytic pipelines to capture, decode, and pre-process the data before running inference. DeepStream provides a toolkit to attach the classification model to any primary detector. The primary detector will detect the object and crop the object before sending to secondary classifiers. The unpruned and pruned models are encrypted and will only operate with the following key:
 - Model load key: tlt_encode Please make sure to use this as the key for all TAO commands that require a model load key.
Input
RGB Images of dimensions: 224 X 224 X 3 (W x H x C) Channel Ordering of the Input: NCHW, where N = Batch Size, C = number of channels (3), H = Height of images (224), W = Width of the images (224) Input scale: None Mean subtraction: [103.939, 116.779, 123.68]
Output
Category labels.
Instructions to deploy the pruned model with DeepStream
To create the entire end-to-end video analytic application, deploy this model with DeepStream SDK. DeepStream SDK is a streaming analytic toolkit to accelerate building AI-based video analytic applications. DeepStream supports direct integration of this model into the deepstream sample app. To deploy this model with DeepStream 5.1, please follow the instructions below:
 1. Run the default deepstream-app included in the DeepStream docker, by simply executing the commands below.
## Download Model:
mkdir -p $HOME/vehiclemakenet && \
wget _URL_ \
-O $HOME/vehiclemakenet/resnet18_vehiclemakenet_pruned.etlt && \
wget _URL_ \
-O $HOME/vehiclemakenet/vehiclemakenet_int8.txt
## Run Application
xhost +
sudo docker run --gpus all -it --rm -v /tmp/.X11-unix:/tmp/.X11-unix -e DISPLAY=$DISPLAY -v $HOME:/opt/nvidia/deepstream/deepstream-5.1/samples/models/tlt_pretrained_models \
-w /opt/nvidia/deepstream/deepstream-5.1/samples/configs/tlt_pretrained_models nvcr.io/nvidia/deepstream:5.1-21.02-samples \
deepstream-app -c deepstream_app_source1_dashcamnet_vehiclemakenet_vehicletypenet.txt
 1. Install deepstream on your local host and run the deepstream-app.
To deploy this model with DeepStream, please follow the instructions below: Download and install DeepStream SDK. The installation instructions for DeepStream are provided in DeepStream development guide. The config files for the purpose-built models are located in:
/opt/nvidia/deepstream/deepstream-5.1/samples/configs/tlt_pretrained_models
/opt/nvidia/deepstream is the default DeepStream installation directory. This path will be different if you are installing in a different directory. You will need multiple config files and 1 label file. These files are provided in the tlt_pretrained_models directory.
deepstream_app_source1_dashcamnet_vehiclemakenet_vehicletypenet.txt - Main config file for DeepStream app
config_infer_primary_dashcamnet.txt - File to configure primary detection (DashCamNet)
config_infer_secondary_vehiclemakenet.txt - File to configure Vehicle make classifier
labels_dashcamnet.txt - Label file with 3 for object detection
labels_vehiclemakenet.txt - Label file with 20 classes of Vehicle make
Note: The deepstream_app_source1_dashcamnet_vehiclemakenet_vehicletypenet.txt configures 3 models: DashCamNet as primary detector, and VehicleMakeNet and VehicleTypeNet as secondary classifiers. The classification models are typically used after initial object detection. Key Parameters in config_infer_secondary_vehiclemakenet.txt
tlt-model-key
tlt-encoded-model
labelfile-path
int8-calib-file
input-dims
num-detected-classes
Run deepstream-app:
deepstream-app -c deepstream_app_source1_dashcamnet_vehiclemakenet_vehicletypenet.txt
Documentation to deploy with DeepStream is provided in "Deploying to DeepStream" chapter of TAO User Guide.
Limitations
This model is design to classify detected cars from DashCamNet model with cars visible at a 5ft height, with visible front, back or side. The model doesn't classify well for cars seen from top view.
Versions
 - unpruned_v1.0 - ResNet18 based pre-trained model.
 - pruned_v1.0 - ResNet18 deployment models. Contains common INT8 calibration cache for GPU and DLA.
References
Citations
 - He, K., Zhang, X., Ren, S., Sun, J.: Deep residual learning for image recognition. In: CVPR (2016)
Using TAO Pre-trained Models
Technical blogs
Suggested reading
Licence
License to use this model is covered by the Model EULA


text:
Git source code repositories were wiped by a hacker and demanding a ransom in bitcoin
A number of developers have discovered that code files stored on Git repositories such as Github and Gitlab have been deleted and demanded a ransom in bitcoin. A hacker asks the developer to pay 0.1 bitcoin for about $570, and a hacker will return the code library backup file. However, many developers are not clear about how the above-mentioned well-known code repositories have account leaks so that developers around the world can continue to maintain trust.
After an investigation by these code hosting platforms, it was confirmed that the main responsibility of this hacked incident was that the developer divulged the account password and did not configure two-factor authentication. The investigation mainly found that the code fragment in the hacked code library actually included the account password. These developers have not two-factor authentication, which causes the attacker to log in directly to the code base. According to preliminary statistics, only 392 code bases have been tampered with and deleted on Microsoft's Github platform, and the content of extortion comments left by attackers is the same.
Fortunately, these deleted content has not actually been successfully deleted. Instead, the hacker only changes the repository's commit header. This means that at least some of the files can be successfully recovered. If you want to recover deleted files, you can click here to view the help files provided by others. Of course, it is also reminded here that developers must improve their security awareness. This time, the impact of extortion is relatively small.


text:
Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of ultrasound-guided (UG) versus fluoroscopy-guided (FG) percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). Methods: A systematic search of PubMed (MEDLINE), Embase, and the Cochrane Library was conducted to identify randomized controlled trials that compared UG-PCNL with FG-PCNL, and a meta-analysis of those studies was completed. The primary outcomes assessed were stone-free rate (SFR) and complication rate. Secondary outcomes assessed were the successful access-creation rate, time necessary for entrance into the target calyx, auxiliary procedure rate, transfusion rate, hemoglobin decrease after surgery, surgery duration, and hospital stay. Results: Eight studies comprising 966 patients were included in the meta-analysis. Compared with FG-PCNL, UG-PCNL had comparable stone-free rates [odds ratio (OR) 0.95; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.67–1.35; p = 0.79] irrespective of the patient's position, and a favorable safety profile resulting in a lower complication rate (OR 0.56; 95% CI 0.36–0.86; p = 0.009). No statistical difference was found between UG and FG groups in secondary outcomes. Conclusions: UG-PCNL is as effective as FG-PCNL and has the advantage of lower complication rates. In addition, UG-PCNL could be performed with patients in the supine position without compromising its efficacy.
ASJC Scopus subject areas


text:
Insight FDS Sensors
The Insight FDS Sensor is a specifically designed dynamic strain sensor meant to be used in an industrial setting to monitor the health of fluid film bearings supporting rotating machinery. Using strain to monitor fluid film bearing health was granted a United States patent in 2017. Using strain measured on a fluid film bearing in order to diagnose common machinery faults, such as unbalance and misalignment, was granted a United States patent in 2020. Red Wolf Reliability is the assignee on both patents.
There are a large number of strain sensors available on the market including metal foil gauges, piezo-resistive strain sensors, piezo-electric strain sensors, and optical strain sensors. The aforementioned patents cover all types of strain sensors. All can be dynamically sampled in order to give signals useful for machinery analysis. However, the metal foil and piezo-resistive sensors require an intricate installation including electrically balancing a wheatstone bridge. The FDS sensor is a piezo-electric strain sensor which does not require this complicated installation.
The sensor uses piezoelectric material for the sensing element and is powered by standard IEPE power. Typical sensitivity is approximately 50 mv/με. The application of this technology is so new that many vibration instrumentation vendors have not yet modified their software to accommodate the new measurement units. If this is the case, simply set the sensor up as an IEPE accelerometer with the assigned sensitivity and measure "acceleration" so as to not integrate the microstrain measurement. Until the vendors make software modifications (if they already have not), the analyst will have to know that the acceleration units displayed are actually microstrain. Effectively microstrain is dimensionless. More rigorously, microstrain is measured as a change in length of a body (whether in tension or compression) divided by the total length of that body (ΔL/L). Typical strain levels to expect will range from 1 to 50 με depending on the machine.
When the Lally brothers made the move to integrate an amplifier into a piezoelectric accelerometer in the early 1970's, it revolutionized the vibration condition monitoring industry, especially for rolling element bearing machines.
Previous accelerometers required external amplifiers, low noise short cables, and were not very robust. Creating the ICP accelerometer facilitated route-based vibration monitoring.
And while these sensors are an excellent solution for rolling element bearings, they are not ideal for fluid film bearings. Some reasons for this include:
- Accelerometers directly measure the acceleration of the vibrating surface. Typically, a machine that utilizes fluid film bearings has a relatively heavy casing compared to the rotor it houses. So when a "small" rotor transmits acceleration to the large housing, standard momentum theory dictates that the resulting acceleration is small. This makes an accelerometer insensitive to accelerations in the rotor.
- A fluid film bearing has anisotropic stiffness, meaning that it is stiffer in the Y-axis than it is in the X-axis. This is because the high-pressure wedge focuses the load to be carried mostly in one concentrated location. It means the typical vibration analysis rules for comparative amplitudes on rolling element bearings – which do have isotropic stiffness - are not applicable.
- A fluid film bearing can have as much as ten times the damping that a rolling element bearing does. This means that high velocities are significantly diminished by the time they reach the bearing casing. Since most condition monitoring procedures with an accelerometer integrate the signal to velocity, this makes for a severe disadvantage for health monitoring.
- Even though oil is considered an incompressible fluid, when additional load is applied to the bearing, the shaft displaces increasing eccentricity while reducing the minimum fluid film thickness. This causes a change in stiffness which is not linear. So, a change in vibration of the rotor does not produce a proportional change in the acceleration of the housing.
Even with these shortcomings they are used quite often for fluid film bearings. However, it takes considerable experience and trending to understand malfunctions that are more easily diagnosed with other technologies.
Eddy Current Probes
Just as revolutionary as the integrated amplifier in the accelerometer was employing an eddy current probe to detect shaft vibrations in a fluid film bearing. This was applied by Bently Scientific in the 1960's. Once this idea became popular, Don Bently renamed his company to Bently Nevada and moved it to Minden, Nevada. Up until that point, shaft riders were the state of the art.
Using and eddy current probe to detect shaft position makes it a proximity probe. This is a transducer that measures displacement as its native unit. The primary components include an oscillator which generates an eddy current, and a detector which senses the change in both the DC and AC voltages.
While the case mounted accelerometer measures absolute vibration levels, the proximity probe measures shaft displacement relative to the bearing housing. Relative motion between a shaft and a magnetic field generates a phenomenon called eddy currents. Eddy currents create electromagnets within the magnetic field. Changes in the proximity of either the magnetic field or the shaft, will give a proportional change in eddy current flow, which then gives a corresponding change in both amplitude and phase of the current.
Usually two proximity probes are mounted for each bearing—each installed 45 degrees from vertical. This installation places two sensors 90 degrees apart from one another. These probes are typically labeled X to Y in a counterclockwise direction when looking at them from the drive end of the machine. Figure 44 shows a typical proximity probe installation. The frequency range on most proximity probes is as high as 120,000 CPM.
Proximity Probe Considerations
There are a few considerations with respect to using proximity probes for fluid film bearing monitoring. The first is that there are two distinct signals from the system: AC vibration portion and a DC gap portion.
The AC vibration portion gives the analyst a view of the shaft vibration relative to the bearing housing. This vibration is measured in displacement units. The DC gap portion tells the analyst the distance from each probe to the surface of the shaft. If the clearance circle is known, then this information is very powerful in that it can give the analyst a direct measure of attitude angle and eccentricity. Figure 1 presents this gap measurement.
Figure 1 - Proximity Probe Configuration
Figure 1 presents the raw signals from an X and Y probe. Note that they are centered on two different zero, or bias signals. The top signal is centered at -07.28 volts. The lower signal is centered at -7.83 volts. If the proximity probes are 200 mv/mil sensors, then the sensor displayed on the top trace has a gap of (7.28/0.2) of 36 mils and the sensor displayed by the bottom trace has a gap of (7.83/0.2) 39 mils.
Figure 2 - Proximity Probe Raw Signals
If the typical bearing clearance is 1.5 mils per inch of shaft, then a gap voltage of 39 mils would imply a shaft with a massive diameter. But it should be noted that proximity probes are mounted within an internal countersink and this gap is measured from the tip of the probe mounted well within the countersink. The user would have to know the calibration set points, the clearance circle, and this gap value in order to locate the shaft.
Now the AC, or alternating, portion is examined. If the top trace in Figure 46 ranges from -7.22 to -7.33 volts then the AC portion is the difference in the range. So, in this case the range is 0.11 volts which equals a peak to peak maximum AC portion of (0.11/.2) 0.55 mils.
The second consideration is that a proximity probe gives a relative vibration measure. So, if the bearing housing is being influenced by outside forces, it could skew the analyst's perspective on the source of the excessive vibration. If a trend is rising, the question will be is it rising because the shaft is vibrating more or is it because the casing is moving more.
A third issue is that the target area for the proximity probe must be prepared properly with the correct surface finish. Scratches in the finish will be perceived as movement and a misdiagnosis may occur.
A final consideration is runout correction. Any mechanical runout will have to be compensated or the system will perceive that runout as vibration and again, misdiagnosis could occur. Any electrical runout, which is usually a result of a magnetized section of the shaft, will also need to be compensated. Correcting both of these is key to having accurate proximity probe data. This process is called runout compensation. Most software can apply this correction, once collected, to any current reading.


text: A webinar on "Augmented Reality and its Industrial Applications" was conducted on 22nd July 2020 by the Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering, PSG iTech through the online platform, Google Meet. Dr.S.Balamurugan, Director (R&D), Intelligent Research Consultancy Services (iRCS), Coimbatore was the resource person for the webinar. The webinar intended to explore the Augmented Reality (AR) and its industrial applications. The resource person briefed about AR along with several other real-time applications. He explained the variations between AR and virtual reality (VR). The session concluded with a Q&A session. This webinar was coordinated by Ms.S.Hemkiran, Asst. Professor (Sr.Gr.), Dept. of CSE, PSG iTech.


text:
Keep your Fire Hydrants clear from snow
"Clearing snow around fire hydrants keeps them visible and accessible and will save valuable time in the case of an emergency," In order for firefighters to quickly and easily utilize a fire hydrant in the event of a fire, there needs to be a 3 foot radius surrounding the hydrant that is completely cleared of snow. If a hydrant is covered, the firefighters need to clear it themselves and the delay that this causes could mean additional property damage, injuries or even lives lost. Unfortunately, this is sometimes an issue and the main reason for it is that people simply don't know whose responsibility it is to clear the hydrants in their neighborhood. It is your responsibility to clear Fire Hydrants located close to your home.