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Test roles
If you have role-based access control in your APIs and application, you would want to test for privilege escalation vulnerabilities. This typically involves checking access of all the higher-privilege APIs by a lower-privilege user. If any such API exists, then it's privilege should be fixed by the development team.
Akto enables you to do automate privilege escalation security tests. You can also use the information while creating Test YAML templates if you want to develop custom tests.
Testing for Privilege Escalation using Akto
 1. 1.
 Set up all your application roles in Akto along with the auth token for each role (hardcoded or automated). Explained here
 2. 2.
 For each role, find all the APIs that are accessible by that role. Explained here
 3. 3.
 Setup automated test to check if any API exclusive to a higher-privilege role can be accessed by a lower-privilege role. Explained here
The instructions here cover the above 3 steps in detail.
Configure application roles
You should create as many roles as are in your application. For example, if you are a B2B Saas app, you might have ADMIN, BILLING, MEMBER, GUEST etc. roles. Role creation is a one-time configuration.
Create role
 1. 1.
 In the left navigation menu, go to Testing and then click on Roles tab.
 2. 2.
 Click on the plus-icon to add a new role.
 3. 3.
 Give a suitable name to your role eg. ADMIN. Select the APIs that belong to the application. If you want to select from an existing API Collection, use belongs to operator.
 4. 4.
 Select API Collection from the dropdown menu.
 5. 5.
 Select endpoints you'd want to evaluate. You can simply select all. And click on Save button.
Add hard-coded auth token for the role
During API testing, Akto will add these headers to the sample API calls to check if the role has access to the API. You can provide a hardcoded auth header or you can also automate fetching auth token automatically (next section) for the role.
 1. 1.
 Click on the Add auth button to add auth-token for your role. Then click on the plus icon to add auth headers for the role
 2. 2.
 Add your auth header key and its value as shown.
 3. 3.
 You can add multiple headers too. Click on the plus icon to add more headers for this role. Click on Save when you are done.
Automate auth token for the role
If you configure automated auth token generation, Akto will run the Login-request sequence before the test starts and fetch the auth token. You should know which API (or sequence of APIs) can give you the auth token in the response. For this example, we will configure a Login-request sequence of 2 APIs. The response of the 2nd API contains the auth token.
 1. 1.
 If you want to automate auth token generation you can select Login-request radio button. And click on Create button.
 2. 2.
 You will see a dialog box where you can configure the sequence to fetch auth token automatically.
 3. 3.
 You can set URL, Query params, Method, Headers and Body for your request. Click on the edit button on each field to set it. Once you enter the required value, click on the check icon at the end of the line to save the field.
 4. 4.
 Here, we have configured the first API call to create a user with a given email and password. You can choose to skip this api call in your case if you already have a user created with this role.
 5. 5.
 Click on the Test button to see the result of this API call.
 6. 6.
 If you have configured the API call correctly, you should see the desired response. In this case, we see the API responds with success.
 7. 7.
 To add another API call to the login sequence, click on the Add step button. You can multiple steps for the login sequence. If you want to remove a step, click on Remove step button on the top-right.
 8. 8.
 Let's configure the 2nd API call in the login sequence. Note that the email and password field should be the same as previous API call. In the sequence, you can substitute values from requests & responses of previous API calls. You can refer to the first API call as x1. You can access request or response. In request, you can access url, method, body, headers fields. For response, you can access body and headers field. Remember to use ${} while referring to any of API variables. For example, to get email from the request body of the first API call, we can say ${x1.request.body.email}. Similarly we can access password field using ${x1.request.body.password}
 9. 9.
 Click on the Test button to check for the response. Here, we successfully get the auth token in the response body. Click on Extract button to start extracting token from this API response.
 1. 10.
 Under "Header value" mention how to extract the auth token from the API response. In this example we can say ${x2.response.body.authentication.token}. Mention the "Header key" under which Auth token will be attached as part of the API request while testing. eg. Authorization. Click on Done button.
 2. 11.
 If the auth token is supposed to be attached in the request body, you can select Body in the step above.
 3. 12.
 Don't forget to Save the automated login sequence in the role.
If your sample requests come from diff accounts
Akto will replay the API requests which it recorded in your application server traffic. In your setup, it might be possible that there are multiple accounts being used on your staging app, hence Akto will record API calls from multiple accounts. In these cases, just 1 auth token per role might not suffice. You might want to configure 1 auth token for each account. When Akto tries to replay the recorded sample API call, it can pick up the auth token meant for the same account as the API request to check for role-access.
 1. 1.
 If account id comes as a simple header field, you can click on the Analyze tab to find out possible values of any header that Akto has captured.
 2. 2.
 For example, we can find out how many diff values has Akto recorded with CompanyId header. We see only 3 "CompanyId" values. Note that the analysis comes from saved requests only. Akto doesn't save all API traffic it processes. It saves only a few requests.
 3. 3.
 We should configure an "auth" token for each such company. We can use Api Header conditions for this. Mention "CompanyId" as header key and "_PHONE_" as header value. Akto will use this token while testing for sample API requests whose CompanyId in the headers equals "_PHONE_". We should configure 2 more auths for remaining 2 companies for complete coverage.
Create access matrix
Once tokens are set up, the next step is to hit all the recorded APIs with tokens from each role. This way, Akto maintains a table for each role for each API - if the role can access that API. We call this Access matrix.
 1. 1.
 Click on the Access tab
 2. 2.
 Click on Create access matrix button
 3. 3.
 Currently, access-matrix job runs once per hour. You might have to wait for an hour to see the results. You don't have to click on "Create access matrix" button for other roles one-by-one. Akto will create access matrix for all roles together. In this example of Juiceshop, ADMIN can access 52 APIs, but MEMBER can access 43. There are 9 APIs exclusive to Admin.
 4. 4.
 Akto will run this task daily.
You should periodically review the access matrix. Specially when any associations change.
Create test template
You can use this information in test YAML templates too. You can filter APIs exclusive to the ADMIN role (9 APIs in this example). You can also get the auth token for any role in the template.
Say we want to create a custom YAML test that should run on the Admin-exclusive APIs using Member token. If any API returns 2XX response, we will send an alert.
Filter Admin-exclusive APIs
This is a combination of 2 conditions - The API should accessible by ADMIN, and, the API should NOT be accessible by MEMBER.
 - include_roles_access - You can use this filter to include all the APIs accessible by a particular role. eg. here we can use it as -
include_roles_access:
param: ADMIN
 - exclude_roles_access - You can use this filter to exclude all the APIs accessible by a particular role. eg. here we can use it as -
exclude_roles_access:
param: MEMBER
You api_selection_filters section can then look like the following -
api_selection_filters:
response_code:
gte: 200
lt: 300
include_roles_access:
param:


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Article dans une revue
The Western Mediterranean Islands and the Various Uses of Independentism
Abstract : Since they promote separation from national frameworks, independentist parties are easily labelled as anti-system parties. This contribution shows how a study of party dynamics in three Western Mediterranean island jurisdictions (Sardinia, Balearic Islands, and Corsica) leads to a rather different conceptualisation of their nature and influence. Political parties favouring independence are still likely to influence other political parties and the political system as a whole. They do so mainly by adopting various, often ambiguous, accommodative strategies, which relate to their difficulty in attaining and/or maintaining a significant party status and electoral presence. Above all, the independentist parties' influence is highly variable, especially in relation to their closest rivals, and can only be evaluated by taking into consideration external factors, such as state organisation. Thus, one needs to examine the independentist parties' political interactions and influence on policies, and not just their teleological and ideological positioning.
Type de document :
Article dans une revue
Liste complète des métadonnées
Contributeur : Corinne Idda <>
Soumis le : lundi 3 juin 2013 - 14:29:38
Dernière modification le : jeudi 11 janvier 2018 - 06:23:04
 - HAL Id : hal-00829531, version 1
André Fazi. The Western Mediterranean Islands and the Various Uses of Independentism. Commonwealth and Comparative Politics, Taylor & Francis, 2012, 50 (n° 4), pp. 508-527. ⟨hal-00829531⟩
Consultations de la notice


text:
We present a new optical assembly with which to achieve Lau fringes with totally incoherent illumination. Gratinglike codification of the spatially incoherent source combined with an achromatic Fresnel diffraction setup allows us to achieve Lau fringe-pattern visibility of almost 100% with broadband light. The white-light character to our proposed setup is in stark contrast to previous monochromatic implementations. Potential implications of this fact are identified.
© 2004 Optical Society of America
(_PHONE_) Diffraction and gratings : Diffraction gratings
(_PHONE_) Diffraction and gratings : Diffractive optics
(_PHONE_) Fourier optics and signal processing : Data processing by optical means
(_PHONE_) Optical design and fabrication : Systems design
J. Lancis, G. Mínguez-Vega, E. Tajahuerce, V. Climent, P. Andrés, and Z. Jaroszewicz, "High-contrast white-light Lau fringes," Opt. Lett. 29, 150-152 (2004)

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


s needed.
 - In order to make R.hom(S) work with Sage's default infrastructure, it is needed to implement a method natural_map() for the homset R.Hom(S). And this homset should be returned by a method R._Hom_(S). Caching is actually not needed, because this is done in sage.categories.homset.Hom. Hence, TODO: Remove the UniqueFactory!!
 - There is a default sage.structure.parent.Parent.hom, and there is no need to overload it. In particular, the hom() method provided by the old patch expected its arguments in the wrong order. The default is: First the data defining the morphism, second the codomain.
 - an_element() should be implemented by providing _an_element_().
 - There is a default __contains__ method for parents, and there is usually no need to overload it (instead, one should implement coercions). Hence, I removed some of them. There is still __contains__ for FreeSmallCategory, because it needs to extend what DiGraph.__contains__ is doing. TODO: Check whether homspaces could do without the custom __contains__!
 - Speaking of default infrastructure: Elements should be created by either doing arithmetic on the generators of a parent, or by calling the parent with appropriate data, but not by passing these data to the underlying class of the elements (which does not coincide with the element class in many cases). TODO: Try to make TestSuite() work.
 - Speedup: I have already mentioned above that list(self._vector[startdim:startdim + rows*cols]) is a lot slower than self._vector.list()[startdim:startdim + rows*cols].
 - There is a default zero method, that caches the zero of a parent. So, there should be no need to overload it. However, some methods start with self.zero() and then change it in-place. That's of course not allowed with a cached element, and hence I had to replace self.zero() with a non-cached self().
I think, in spite of the above TODOs, I put it as "needs review" for now, and wait for your comments. For the record, I give positive review to those parts of the code that I did not change (hence, to most of the code inside of methods, as I was mainly changing the structure of the code base and the semantics of few methods that are important for Sage's infrastructure).
Apply:
trac_12630_quivers_v2.patch trac12630_refactor_code.patch trac12630-quiver_representation.patch
Last edited 5 years ago by SimonKing (previous) (diff)
comment:96 Changed 5 years ago by SimonKing
 - Status changed from needs_review to needs_work
 - Work issues set to Coverage, doctest continuation
The patchbot was quite fast! Some plugins failed:
startup-modules
+New:
+ sage.quivers
+ sage.quivers.all
+ sage.quivers.quiver
+ sage.quivers.sage
What is sage.quivers.sage??? It is not possible to import sage from sage.quivers. So, I guess this is a problem of the plugin. The other import should be fine. Note that no other modules from sage.quivers are imported during start-up, which is one of the aims of my last patch.
coverage
+Full doctests quivers/algebra.py 12 / 12 = 100%
+Missing doctests quivers/free_small_category.py 6 / 14 = 42%
+Full doctests quivers/homspace.py 18 / 18 = 100%
+Full doctests quivers/morphism.py 34 / 34 = 100%
+Full doctests quivers/paths.py 13 / 13 = 100%
+Missing doctests quivers/quiver.py 24 / 25 = 96%
+Full doctests quivers/representation.py 58 / 58 = 100%
I will try to add the missing tests in the third patch
doctest_continuation
+ trac12630_refactor_code.patch:657 + ... counter += 1$
+ trac12630_refactor_code.patch:658 + ... print p$
+ trac12630_refactor_code.patch:659 + ... if counter==20:$
+ trac12630_refactor_code.patch:660 + ... break$
This is in the second patch. I'll try to fix this as well.
Changed 5 years ago by SimonKing
Combined refactoring patch
comment:97 Changed 5 years ago by SimonKing
 - Status changed from needs_work to needs_review
Now the second and third patch are updated. So, it can be reviewed now, even though I'd still like to take care of the above TODOs.
Apply:
trac_12630_quivers_v2.patch trac12630_refactor_code.patch trac12630-quiver_representation.patch
comment:98 Changed 5 years ago by SimonKing
I am sure that the doctest error found by the patchbot is unrelated with this ticket.
comment:99 Changed 5 years ago by SimonKing
 - Work issues changed from Coverage, doctest continuation to Remove UniqueFactory of Homspace, Homspace.__contains__, make TestSuite work
comment:100 follow-up: Changed 5 years ago by SimonKing
 - Status changed from needs_review to needs_work
 - Work issues changed from Remove UniqueFactory of Homspace, Homspace.__contains__, make TestSuite work to Make HomSpace inherit from Homset; remove UniqueFactory of Homspace, Homspace.__contains__, make TestSuite work
There is now a different error reported by the patchbot (with identical patches), but both errors seem totally unrelated.
However, there is a more serious problem: There are cases when a morphism is not calling sage.categories.morphism.Morphism.__init__. And part of the problem: QuiverHomspace does not inherit from Homset!!
comment:101 in reply to: ↑ 100 Changed 5 years ago by SimonKing
Replying to SimonKing:
And part of the problem: QuiverHomspace does not inherit from Homset!!
But making it inherit means that one needs to overload __call__. Alas.
comment:102 follow-up: Changed 5 years ago by SimonKing
It might be reasonable for now to overload __call__, by first trying what is now done in the _element_constructor_, but using an element_class. And only if this fails, Homset.__call__ should be called.
On the long run, I believe Homset.__call__ should instead obey the rules of Parent.__call__. Hence, it should be possible to implement creation of morphisms simply by providing an attribute Element to the homset. But this would be for a different ticket.
comment:103 in reply to: ↑ 102 Changed 5 years ago by SimonKing
Replying to SimonKing:
It might be reasonable for now to overload __call__, by first trying what is now done in the _element_constructor_, but using an element_class. And only if this fails, Homset.__call__ should be called.
The update of the third patch implements this short term solution.
Still TODO:
 - I found that still some tests start with importing Quiver. This is not needed. Quiver, in contrast to everything else of the new stuff, is in the global namespace.
 - Get rid of the unique factory
 - Now, as element_class is available for the Homspaces, use it! Hence, do not create QuiverRepHom, but always create homomorphisms by means of the element_class.
comment:104 Changed 5 years ago by SimonKing
 - Status changed from needs_work to needs_review
 - Work issues changed from Make HomSpace inherit from Homset; remove UniqueFactory of Homspace, Homspace.__contains__, make TestSuite work to Add a TestSuite test
Mainly done. The only missing bit is a TestSuite test.
Apply:
trac_12630_quivers_v2.patch trac12630_refactor_code.patch trac12630-quiver_representation.patch
comment:105 Changed 5 years ago by SimonKing
 - Status changed from needs_review to needs_work
Aha, it would really good idea to make the test suites work. For example, quiver representations can't be pickled...
sage: Q = Quiver({1:{2:['a', 'b']}})
sage: S = Q.S(QQ, 2)
sage: loads(dumps(S))
-------------


text:
Recently, some of our CKSA employees got together to create a submission for the Ivy Tech Community College's Edible Book Festival. The festival is geared towards Baking and Pastry Students attending Ivy Tech, however the showcase is open to the public as well. The Edible Book Festival is an international program in which libraries and bookstores celebrate books with food. Revolved around National Library Week, many libraries around the nation and world participate. The showpieces must be made of edible products and reflect a particular book. Some entries depicted scenes from books where others looked like the front cover or maybe even a character.
CKSA drew inspiration from many illustrations from the popular Dr. Seuss Book Oh, The Places You'll Go. They wanted to use the project as a platform to try out different techniques they had not used before. The cake started out with a tie dye effect cake, created by dividing cake batter up into different bowls, then dying the portions each a different color then layered into the baking pans. Using the Wilton Punch Set and Rainbow Zig Zag Designer Strips LK-47089P, they punched out hot air balloons and adhered them to the fondant covered cake. They also made plaques out of run royal icing fitted to the sides of one tier to replicate the bands of color as shown on the front cover of the book. The figures were hand modeled out of candy clay ( 1 lb. candy coating to 2/3 cup corn syrup) and gum paste. The most impressive work was the Isomalt balloon made by warming up isomalt and squeezing air into it, creating an edible 3-D hot air balloon. The project seemed to be a learning experience for all participants and the piece was very well received at the festival.


About The Project
What is the purpose of the Tally?
The Turtle Tally project was initiated and developed at the end of 2018. The aim was to research the topic of released pet terrapins in the UK as there was little available. The idea was to provide a survey that could be accessed by the general public to upload photos and information on terrapins seen whilst out and about similar to other wildlife citizen science projects. Terrapins (freshwater turtles) are widespread across Europe and released pets have had an impact on those populations due to competition for food and basking sites. The European pond turtle (Emys orbicularis) was native here circa 8000 years ago but due to climatic changes they became extinct (although remnant populations are noted) so there are no native freshwater terrapins in the UK. Unlike in Europe, where released terrapins out-compete native species, this is not a factor here in the UK but we are uncertain of how these released pets impact the environment and what the welfare considerations are for them. Our research is evolving and we are investigating various related factors in this topic to provide evidence informing future decision making regarding these turtles and their welfare.
Using the locations and information that people provide, we can see if there are correlations between urban areas and release sites, the numbers seen in one sighting and types of habitat. This is purely an observational study so we are using the data to map out locations and linking with other groups and organisations, working on research that may help conserve native fauna and flora and the terrapins themselves. If you have any queries regarding the research, please do send an email using the 'Get in touch' link.
National Centre for Reptile Welfare and Hadlow College,
Kent TN11 0AN.
 - Facebook
©2020 by Turtle Tally UK


text:
Prof. Yury Gogotsi was awarded the Lee Hsun Award Lecture at the Institute of Metal Research (IMR) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences on November 5, 2015. The Lee Hsun Lecture Award is named after the former IMR Director H. Lee, who discovered hydrogen embrittlement in steels. According to Prof. Hui-Ming Chen, Editor in Chief of Materials for Energy Storage (Elsevier) and IMR Advanced Carbon Materials Division Director, this award "Honors scientists who have significant impact and made great contribution to the field of materials science and engineering both at home and abroad. It is aiming at continuously and regularly encouraging scientists with great influence on materials science and engineering to visit IMR to accomplish academic communication and cooperation, and promote the establishment of new subject areas."
Previous recipients of this award in the field of materials science and engineering include such household names as Subra Suresh (former MIT MSE Dept. Head and Dean, NSF Director and current CMU President), Rod Ruoff (the biggest name in carbon), Morinobu Endo (credited with discovery of carbon nanotubes even before Iijima), Zhong Ling (ZL) Wang of Georgia Tech, Founding Editor of Nano Energy (Elsevier) and Nobel Prize candidate by Thomson Reuters estimate this year.


text:
Posted September 1, 2006 ATLANTA
Communications & Marketing
Contact Lisa Grovenstein
Johnson part of team designing and building prototypes for better sanitation
When given a choice this summer between helping out with designs for environmentally friendly luxury condos less than a mile away from campus and designing and building solar latrines to improve sanitation in Bolivia, Georgia Tech All-American wide receiver Calvin Johnson chose the latrine project without hesitation.
"Are you sure?" said Kevin Caravati, a student project advisor and senior research scientist at the Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI). "The other project is right down the street."
Johnson's response was brief and to the point. "I want to help the less fortunate," he answered.
Four billion people globally suffer from chronic waterborne disease, and an estimated 13 million children die annually of diarrhea - conditions linked to a lack of adequate sanitation. In a developing country with extreme conditions like Bolivia, poor sanitation poses a serious health risk, contaminating the limited water supply and attracting disease-carrying insects.
"You realize how fortunate you are when you see that people around the world don't have clean water and sanitation," Johnson said.
Emory University's Center for Global Safe Water approached Georgia Tech's School of Civil and Environmental Engineering and GTRI to help remove a significant sanitation roadblock faced by developing countries - the design and cost flaws of current United Nations latrines.
"We wanted help with the project, but it was tough to find students enthusiastic about latrines," Caravati said. "Calvin was our first volunteer. He wanted to have a hands-on experience to build a prototype that had the potential to have a huge global impact on people."
Johnson immediately began work on designs for an inexpensive dry latrine system that uses the sun's rays to safely transform bacteria-laden waste into fertilizer.
He was then joined by his project partner Brad Davis, a building construction student at Georgia Tech, and the two hammered out a final design with Caravati. The goal was to create an improved solar latrine out of the most affordable and available materials. The interior needed to be heated at a minimum of 120 degrees Fahrenheit to kill pathogens, and the design and materials had to be as simple and cost effective as possible.
"We focused on designing the most inexpensive and durable model, taking into account what materials would be readily available in those nations. This gave Calvin and me the ability to think outside of the box and use everyday materials in our design," Davis said.
The team made two prototypes from a hodgepodge of household items, including a bicycle tube to insulate the waste and retain heat, a bleach bottle, plexi-glass, scrap wood and tin foil. The central idea was to 'bake' the waste with an oven-like design that could reach temperatures of more than 150 degrees Fahrenheit while still keeping the inhabited area cool enough for users.
Johnson, Davis and Caravati were able to build two very effective prototypes that would cost only $78 per unit, compared to $120 for existing models used. They were also able to reach sustained temperatures of over 150 degrees while still keeping the inhabited area cool enough for users.
With the initial prototypes completed, Johnson and the rest of the Georgia Tech project team plan to travel in January to a remote area of Bolivia's Andes Mountains to build several of the new latrines and instruct locals on how to build their own.
"I'm looking forward to making the trip to Bolivia after the season," Johnson said.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Which is correct (or better) English:
"Choose lace in neutral pastel tones or also in grey or black"
"Choose lace in neutral pastel tones, in grey or in black"
"Choose lace in neutral pastel tones, grey or black"
Grey and black are not pastel tones, so you are setting up an either/or situation. Therefore, it would be proper to use the first example:
The first or separates pastel tones from the set of hues in the grey/black spectrum, and the second or offers a choice between the latter two. Note that if you said "grey and black" it would imply that you meant to use both in combination.
Also note that I put a comma in, but it is not strictly necessary. It just gives the reader a handy marker to quickly see the first of the two choices, pastels vs. grey or black.
None of these is incorrect.
But item 1 could be interpreted as meaning something different, because of the word 'also':
Item 1 could mean the 3 options are:
While items 2 and 3 mean the 3 options are:
Item 1 sounds awkward, and ambiguous, and even if the meaning as described above is what you want, I would suggest rephrasing it.
They all mean the same, and they are all grammatical. The difference lies in the tone of the statement.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
The outer- and inner-valence ionization spectra of the Group VI hydrides and below the double-ionization threshold were studied by the SAC-CI (symmetry-adapted-cluster configuration-interaction) general-R method. The SAC-CI method quite accurately reproduced the experimental spectra of these hydrides and gave detailed characterizations of the shake-up states. Several unknown satellite peaks were predicted. The shake-up state which includes excitations to the Rydberg orbitals was found to be very important for describing the satellite peaks of these hydrides. A detailed inner-valence satellite spectrum of is theoretically proposed prior to any experimental observation.
Theoretical study on the outer- and inner-valence ionization spectra of and using the SAC-CI general-R method
M. Ehara, M. Ishida, H. Nakatsuji; Theoretical study on the outer- and inner-valence ionization spectra of and using the SAC-CI general-R method. J. Chem. Phys. 22 May 2001; 114 (20): 8990–8999. _URL_
Download citation file:


has to do something to work out which partition the row should go into, and while it does that work it release any pins of buffers it would have been holding from the previous row's insert; in other words, various optimisations relating to array inserts are not taking place.
 - Looking in more detail at the figures for the ref partition insert:
 - The 100,000 "HSC heap Segment Block Changes" equate to the 100,000 rows inserted into the table
 - Add the single row index updates to the primary key and you get 200,000 redo entries.
 - For every individual row inserted Oracle has to do a current mode (db block gets) check against the primary key of the orders table – but when array processing the root block can be pinned.
We can get a closer look at the differences by taking snapshots of v$segstat (or v$segment_statistics), to see the following (pre-created table on the left):
ORD_PK | ORD_PK
 logical reads 199,440 | logical reads 300,432
 |
ORDER_LINES_2 - P201801 | ORDER_LINES - P201801
 logical reads 2,112 | logical reads 16,960
 db block changes 1,280 | db block changes 16,944
 |
ORDER_LINES_2 - P201802 | ORDER_LINES - P201802
 logical reads 2,256 | logical reads 16,144
 db block changes 1,248 | db block changes 15,088
 |
ORDER_LINES_2 - P201803 | ORDER_LINES - P201803
 logical reads 2,288 | logical reads 17,264
 db block changes 1,376 | db block changes 16,560
 |
ORDER_LINES_2 - P201804 | ORDER_LINES - P201804
 logical reads 2,672 | logical reads 16,768
 db block changes 1,280 | db block changes 16,144
 |
ORDER_LINES_2 - P201805 | ORDER_LINES - P201805
 logical reads 2,224 | logical reads 17,472
 db block changes 1,264 | db block changes 16,528
 |
ORDER_LINES_2 - P201806 | ORDER_LINES - P201806
 logical reads 2,624 | logical reads 16,800
 db block changes 1,328 | db block changes 16,160
 |
ORDER_LINES_2 - P201807 | ORDER_LINES - P201807
 logical reads 1,376 | logical reads 10,368
 db block changes 864 | db block changes 10,752
 |
ORL2_PK | ORL_PK
 logical reads 10,640 | logical reads 206,352
 db block changes 7,024 | db block changes 104,656
The right hand data set does an extra 100,000 logical reads on the ORD_PK index (top set of lines) which I think are the 100,000 gets on the root block that was pinned for the table on the left – the numbers don't quite add up, so there's some extra complexity that I haven't guessed correctly.
The insert into the ORL[2]_PK index (lines) is single row processed for the right hand table – with, I think, the logical reads recording two current gets per insert.
Every partition of the table, except the last, shows 15,000 db block changes, totalling a difference of about 100,000 db block changes corresponding to the single rows being inserted. Then ORL[2]_PK shows another 100,000 db block changes, giving us the 200,000 we saw as redo entries and 400,000 (when doubled up to allow for the undo) db block changes that we saw in total.
Finally we need to explain the difference of 400,000 db block gets between the two sets of session stats – and I think this is the extra 100,000 for ORD_PK, the 100,000 for the table inserts, and 200,000 for the ORL[2]_PK index, which I think might be explained as 100,000 as a current get that checks for "duplicate key" and 100,000 gets to do the actual insert.
Bottom Line, though – if you use reference partitioning every array insert seems to turn into single row processing with the attendant increase in buffer gets, undo and redo generated, latch activity, and CPU used as Oracle checks for every single row which partition it should go into: and there doesn't seem to be any optimisation that caters for "this row belongs in the same partition as the previous row". You may decide that this extra cost due to reference partitioning is worth it for the benefits that reference partitioning supplies – it's all down to what your application does, especially in terms of aging data perhaps – but it's nice to know that this cost is there so that you can do a better cost/benefit analysis.
Footnote:
Interested readers might like to extend this test to a multi-layered set of ref-partitioned tables to see if the increase in overheads is linear or geometric.
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Sunken motor boat listed on National Register of Historic Places
LAKE GEORGE —Deep beneath the ice on Lake George, a newly designated national historic resource awaits exploration by scuba diving enthusiasts.
The U.S. Department of the Interior has listed the lake's first-ever gasoline-powered motorboat on the National Register of Historic Places, making it part of an underwater state park called "Submerged Heritage Preserves" that includes boats from the French and Indian War.
The 45-foot long Forward, built in 1906, was owned by W.K. Bixby of Bolton Landing and St. Louis, a noted early 20th century industrialist.
"There are 80,000 properties on the National Register, only 300 shipwrecks," said Wilton's Joseph Zarzynski, an underwater archaeologist and founder of Bateaux Below, a not-for-profit group that nominated the Forward for the National Register.
"It's very rare to find something from the 20th century on the register," Zarzynski said. "It took 20 years to get this done. It's sort of like creating a fine wine. We had to wait a little extra time."
The Forward is historically significant on two fronts.
First, it marked the transition from steam to gas-powered vessels on Lake George that ushered in a "Golden Age of Tourism."
Previously, only the very wealthy could enjoy the "Queen of American Lakes." Gas-powered motorboats allowed a whole new group of people to discover its charms.
Second, W.K. Bixby was a nationally prominent businessman, the president of American Car and Foundry Co. and a friend of Adolphus Busch of St. Louis brewery fame. Bixby donated millions for a medical school at Washington University in St. Louis and his son, Harold, was the financial patron of Charles A. Lindbergh's first-ever trans-Atlantic solo plane flight in 1927.
The Forward was built by the Gas Engine and Power Co. and Charles L. Seabury & Co., Consolidated on the Harlem River in New York. That boat yard later became Consolidated Shipbuilding, one of the nation's most famous shipbuilders until it closed in the 1950s. The site produced military vessels used in the Spanish-American War, World War I and World War II. The Forward was one of the company's first recreational products. Continued...
"It has a niche in shipbuilding history," Zarzynski said.
After its closure, the boat yard — with 1,500 feet of waterfront — became today's Roberto Clemente State Park, a short distance from Yankee Stadium.
After the Bixby family's ownership, the Forward was operated as an excursion boat by Leonard Irish and Alden Shaw. In 1929, its crew made a dramatic rescue of eight passengers from the Miss Lake George tour boat that caught fire from a motor mishap and then sank. It's believed that in the 1930s, the Forward went down in the lake, possibly abandoned.
Divers first rediscovered it during the 1970s and Bateaux Below members relocated it in 1989, mapped the site and began trying to get it on the National Register.
Today, the boat rests in about 40 feet of 55- to 60-degree water about four miles north of the lake's south end and 1,500 feet east of Diamond Island.
"It's lying just like it went straight down," Zarzynski said. "About 40 to 50 percent of it is left. The bow is the most intact part. Sideboards have fallen apart. The two engines and twin-screwed propeller are there. It was one of the earliest gas engines."
He said nearly 750 people per year visit the site, which includes underwater signs.
"It's the heaviest-dived shipwreck in the lake," he said. "Its location is easy to get to. It can be enjoyed by beginning, intermediate or advanced divers. It's just like swimming into a museum."
"Submerged Heritage Preserves," free of charge, is the state's first underwater park for scuba divers. Other features are a 1758 floating gun boat called the Land Tortoise, a National Historic Landmark, and seven colonial bateaux known as "The Sunken Fleet of 1758."
Location, ST | website.com
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Its source is a Latin expression meaning "Soldier."
The name Myles ranked 295th in popularity for males of all ages in a sample of 2000-2003 Social Security Administration statistics and 813th in popularity for males of all ages in a sample of the 1990 US Census.
Though this name appears on the 1990 U.S. Census lists, it is used by only a small percentage of the general population.
Latin may be the source of the Germanic form, Milo, that this name assumed in the Middle Ages. Nothing is certain about this derivation, however, and speculation on the ultimate source ranges from the Hebrew name Michael to the Slovonic name element mil (grace).


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Garden fence: these are original ideas
The fence around the home is indispensable for many garden owners. After all, this serves as a visual delimitation of the property, protects against unwanted looks from the outside and provides a certain protection.
However, it does not always have to be a classic wire mesh or double wire mesh fence – because many hobby gardeners want to design their own fence individually. The following article shows which ideas are particularly original and transform the fence into an absolute visual highlight.
Picket fence in bright colors
The very popular and widespread picket fences are certainly part of the standard range of fences. As a rule, these are made up of wooden slats, which are rounded at the top. It only takes a little paint to make such a fence shine in an extraordinary light. If the picket fence is already in place, all you need is a little paint and varnish. If the fence still needs to be built, the hardware store offers the right material for it.
As soon as the construction of the fence has been completed, each individual slat can be given a different color, for example. The wooden slats can also be designed in the form of people, for example family members, in that the rounded, upper end serves as the head and the lower part as the body.
Once the slats have been painted and the colors are dry, the top coat can be sprayed or painted onto the slats. This ensures that the colorful fence is protected against the effects of the weather and is preserved for a particularly long time.
However, the picket fence can also be designed in other ways, for example by carving or sawing its ends into unusual shapes.
The slats should ideally be removed from the fence and draped on a table. The desired shape can then be pre-painted with a pen and then sawed out or carved. This is followed by the assembly of the wooden slats on the fence.
Collected branches as a DIY fence
In order to design a very special DIY fence, the local foresters should first be asked for permission to collect branches. Finally, there must be enough branches so that the desired length of the fence can be achieved. The height of the branches can be different – this makes the fence design even more varied and special.
After collecting the branches, they are placed on the ground at the desired distance. These must then be knocked into the ground with a rubber hammer so that there is sufficient stability. The branches can then be connected using a conventional wire. It is also possible to attach additional branches horizontally to the garden side of the fence using nails.
In the summer months, this fence variant can be optimally decorated with colorful pots and flowers.
Natural fences through bushes and hedges
Rigid demarcations of your own property are not always necessary. Hedges and shrubs are a natural way of limiting. This has the advantage that the border looks much more colorful and natural.
For example, an evergreen hedge can be used – so privacy protection is provided all year round. However, a colorful and varied hedge looks even friendlier. For this, different bushes, grasses, perennials and shrubs can be planted next to each other.
Living ideas and decoration –


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|This guidance document provides basic information about used oil management practices for used oil collection programs. The rules can be found in Title 128 – Nebraska Hazardous Waste Regulations.
Used Oil Collection
- Definition of used oil: Any oil that has been refined from crude oil or any synthetic oil that has been used, and as a result of such use, is contaminated by physical or chemical impurities. (Title 128, Chapter 1, §140)
- New oil is never considered "used oil."
- Examples of substances that are considered used oil and meet the used oil exemption:
- Spent oil from gasoline and diesel engines
- Spent refrigerant lubricating oil
- Spent lubricating oil from aircraft reciprocating and jet engines
- Spent hydraulic fluid
- Spent heat transfer fluids
- Spent transmission fluid
- Cutting oils
Examples of materials that are not used oil:
Used oil that exhibits one or more characteristics of hazardous waste but is recycled in some manner other than being burned for energy recovery is exempt from hazardous waste regulation (Title 128, Chapters 4, and 7 through 23).
Used oil mixed with a listed hazardous waste is a hazardous waste. In fact, if used oil contains more than 1000 ppm of total halogens it is presumed to be a hazardous waste on the assumption that it has been mixed with a halogenated hazardous waste listed in Title 128, Chapter 3, §013 through 016. This presumption may be rebutted. If a used oil collector accepts "rebutted presumption" used oil, we recommend that documentation be kept.
A used oil generator or collector who gives (or sells) used oil directly to an off-specification used oil marketer is not a marketer of used oil. (See page 3 for a discussion of off-specification used oil.) Obtain documentation. Documentation from the off-specification used oil marketer must indicate what he does with the used oil; that is, he does not burn the used oil for energy recovery himself. This documentation is standard in the used oil industry.
A collector of used oil is subject to the used oil marketer provisions of Title 128, Chapter 7, §010.04 if he provides that used oil directly to a person who burns used oil for energy recovery.
The analysis requirement at Title 128, Chapter 7, §010.04B1 may be skipped if the collector/generator stipulates the oil does not meet specification.
Used oil marketers must notify NDEQ of that activity. This notification is done using State of Nebraska Form 8700-12, "RCRA Subtitle C Site Identification Form" commonly referred to as the "Notification of Hazardous Waste Activity 8700-12 Form."
Used oil marketers must use an invoice system. When the marketer initiates a shipment of off-specification used oil, the marketer must send the receiving facility an invoice that has an invoice number, the marketers NDEQ ID #, the names and addresses of both the sending and receiving facilities, the quantity of the off-specification used oil, the date of shipment, and a statement that says "This used oil is subject to NDEQ regulation under Title 128, Chapter 7". A copy of the invoice must be kept for three years.
The marketer must obtain certain written and signed notices from the used oil burner to document the used oil is burned in a proper device. See Title 128, Chapter 7, §010.04B5.
If the marketer claims the used oil meets specification, the marketer must keep copies of the analysis that proves such for three years, maintain a log with certain required information, and provide a cross reference between the log and the used oil analysis.
A person may market off-specification used oil only to burners or other marketers who have notified NDEQ (or other authorized state/EPA) of used oil activities and who have a NDEQ identification number.
- Spent antifreeze
- Brake fluid
- Solvents of any kind
- Unused motor oil
Burning Used Oil
- Used oil burned for energy recovery is subject to the requirements of Title 128, Chapter 7, §010. This section includes:
- A prohibition against burning used oil mixed with hazardous waste, except under limited circumstances.
- A prohibition against burning off-specification used oil in a used oil fired space heater, except under limited circumstances.
- Requirements for generators of used oil burned for energy recovery.
- Requirements for used oil marketers (see discussion below).
- Requirements for burners of used oil.
Off-specification used oil is used oil that exceeds any one or more of the levels for the following:
Arsenic - 5 ppm
Cadmium - 2 ppm
Chromium - 10 ppm
Lead - 100 ppm
Flash Point - 100° F (minimum)
Total Halogens - 4,000 ppm
Used oil that is a hazardous waste solely because it exhibits a characteristic of hazardous waste may be burned for energy recovery if:
- It is not mixed with hazardous waste. This means the used oil may be a characteristic hazardous waste in its own right, but no additional hazardous waste may be added.
- The used oil contains hazardous waste generated SOLELY by a person subject to the requirements of a conditionally exempt small quantity generator (CESQG) of hazardous waste. A CESQG generates 220 pounds or less of hazardous waste per month.
- This means public utilities may burn used oil in their utility boilers for energy recovery if it is their own used oil or it is collected from: a) "do-it-yourself" (DIY) used oil generators; b) farmers who are CESQGs as well as DIY oil generators; c) other businesses who are CESQGs; and d) other businesses who generate hazardous waste above the CESQG level only if it can be confirmed their used oil has not been mixed with hazardous waste. If businesses that generate hazardous waste as small quantity generators (SQG) or large quantity generators (LQG) place hazardous waste in their used oil, their used oil is no longer regulated as used oil.
Off-specification used oil may be burned in oil-fired space heaters if the heater burns only used oil that the owner or operator generates, or used oil from do-it-yourself oil changers who generate the used oil as household waste. For example, a state agency that does oil changes can bring their own off-specification used oil to another of their facilities that has a used oil-fired space heater. That same agency cannot take that used oil to be burned in another state agency's used oil-fired space heater. Any of the above can burn do-it-yourself used oil, but be prepared to prove the do-it-yourself oil is what it claims to be. See below for transportation related issues.
Nebraska does not have any quantity limitations on used oil collection or transportation. A hazardous waste manifest is not required for transporting used oil in Nebraska. Transporters must comply with any appropriate Department of Transportation regulations. See the 49 CFR series. Collectors must comply with applicable State Fire Marshall requirements for storage of flammable and combustible materials.
HANDLING USED OIL AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
Storage and Collection
- Keep hazardous materials separate, properly labeled, and sealed in the recommended containers.
- Develop a system for monitoring incoming used oil. Locked collection ports can help prevent unwanted materials in your used oil.
- We recommend collection tanks have a clearly visible gage that shows the level of product in the tank and overfill protection. Continued overfilling of used oil collection tanks has occurred when there was no indication the tank was actually full.
- Containers and aboveground tanks used to store used oil shall be in good condition (no severe rusting, apparent structural defects or deterioration (T128, Ch7, §009.04A1); and not leaking (with no signs of visible leaks) (T128, Ch7, §009.04A2)
- Containers and aboveground tanks (and other receptacles of used oil) with a volume of 25 gallons or greater, shall be labeled or marked clearly with the words "Used Oil", T128, Ch7, §009.04A3
- The Department recommends that storage or collection areas be covered. The storage or collection location may need to be fenced and locked if vandalism could be a problem.
- Cap, label, cover, and properly store above-ground outdoor liquid containers and small tanks within a bermed area and on a paved impermeable surface, if possible. This practice helps to prevent spills from running into surface or ground water.
- If possible, store materials under a roof or tarpaulin to protect them from the elements and to prevent contaminated runoff.
- Sweep regularly.
- Inspect hazardous materials storage or collection areas at least weekly to ensure there are no leaks or spills.
- Inspect equipment such as pumps, pipes, storage tanks, valves, and material handling equipment for signs of corrosion, support or foundation failure, or other deterioration.
- Promptly clean up spilled materials to prevent runoff, tracking, and spoilage of other materials.
- Stock cleaning and spill response materials where they are readily available.
- Post reminders of good housekeeping practices.
- Provide instruction on securing containers.
- Schedule housekeeping duties and inspections to ensure good housekeeping is being accomplished.
- Maintain adequate aisle space between containers to facilitate material transfer, easy access to materials, and inspections.
- Close used oil containers between filling or emptying events.
- Store containers, drums, and bags away from direct traffic routes to prevent accidental damage or spills.
- Organize materials neatly for storage.
- Store incompatible materials separately.
- Stack containers according to manufacturer's instructions to avoid damage to containers from improper weight distribution.
- Store containers on pallets or in containment devices


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The Niger River in the western region of Africa is used for irrigation, power production, and transportation. Niger River, principal river of western Africa. With a length of 2,600 miles (4,200 km), it is the third longest river in Africa, after the Nile and the Congo.
What is unique about the Niger River?
Interesting Niger River Facts
The Niger has one of the most unusual routes of any of the major rivers in the world. It starts approximately 150 miles from the Atlantic Ocean (240 kilometers). Instead of flowing to the nearby Atlantic Ocean it instead heads inland, away from the sea into the Sahara Desert.
Why is the Niger river called the Oil River?
Oil Rivers, area comprising the delta of the Niger River in modern Nigeria, West Africa. … It was renamed the Niger Coast Protectorate in 1893 and in 1900 was joined to the Nigerian territories administered by the British government. Its name derives from the palm oil that was the chief product of the area.
What is the original name of River Niger?
|Niger River or Fleuve Niger (Joliba, Orimiri, Isa Ber, Oya, gher n gheren)|
|Name origin: Unknown. Likely From Berber for River gher|
|Countries||Guinea, Mali, Niger, Benin, Nigeria|
What does the Niger River empty into?
Why is the Niger river dangerous?
The health hazards become most serious during the rains, which bring flooding and a sharp rise in water-born diseases. Cholera outbreaks are common. Every year hundreds of people die from this severe diarrhoeal disease which is spread through contaminated water.
What animals live in the Niger River?
Many varieties of fish are found in the Niger and its tributaries; the chief food species are catfish, carp, and Nile perch. Other Niger fauna include hippopotamuses, at least three different types of crocodiles (including the much-feared Nile crocodile), and a variety of lizards. There is a rich collection of birds.
What is the shortest river in Africa?
The Niger River flows past the town of Mopti, in Mali. Fishing is an important activity along the length of the river system, especially during the dry season when the deep-sea and coastal fish catch is smallest.
Is Nigeria named after River Niger?
The nations of Nigeria and Niger are named after the river. The people who live along it have a variety of names for it, notably Jeliba in Manding, Isa Ber ("big river" in Songhay), Joliba (a Mandigo word meaning Great River), and Kworra or Quorra.
Where is West Africa's largest river?
The Niger River, with a total length of about 4100 km, is the third-longest river in Africa, after the Nile and the Congo/Zaire Rivers, and the longest and largest river in West Africa.
How did Niger get its name?
The country takes its name from the Niger River, which flows through the southwestern part of its territory. The name Niger derives in turn from the phrase gher n-gheren, meaning "river among rivers," in the Tamashek language.
Which civilization was located at the mouth of the Niger river?
Called the Niger Bend, the middle of the river was a focal point for trade across the western Sahara and a major center of the ancient African kingdom of Mali. Since the early days of civilization in the region, the river has been a source of power also in the constant wars that have battered the region.
Which state is River Niger located in Nigeria?
The River Niger Bridge in Onitsha (also known as the Onitsha Bridge), Anambra State, Nigeria connects southeastern Nigeria with western Nigeria over the Niger River. It is linked to Asaba in Delta State, Nigeria.
River Niger Bridge.
|Longest span||600 feet (180 m)|
|Piers in water||7|
|Clearance below||74 feet (23 m)|
How was the Niger River important to civilization in West Africa?
The Niger river provided irrigation and drinking water in the more arid parts of the these empires. The river was a food source providing fish, and other food to the people of the empires. Many civilizations had their beginnings along side a river.
What are the major rivers in West Africa?
Geographically, West Africa is predominantly plains. It also features numerous rivers. Major rivers include the Niger, Senegal, Gambia, and the Kolenté (Great Scarcies).
How many rivers are in Nigeria?
In Nigeria there are eight main river basins, i.e. the Benue, Delta and Cross Rivers, the Imo-Anambra, Hadejia-Chad, Sokoto-Rima, Niger, Owena and Ogun, and Osun Basins.


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Creative JumpStart is a one-of-a-kind community event to jumpstart your creativity in 2020. The Theme this year is "Super Power".
We asked our crew of Mixed Media Artists and Crafters: what is your artistic Super Power? Is it a tool or technique that helps you achieve your unique style? Is it a way of thinking, organizing, or planning that leads up to a finished piece? Is it something else entirely? What Super Power do you use to create? Our artist teachers have created mixed media lessons that share this insight with YOU – so you can try these Super Powers yourself in your own artmaking.
There is no doubt about it: art can be beautiful, personal, and really fun to make. It can capture a once-in-a-lifetime moment, feeling, or idea. And artists can influence everything from the walls of a home to world events. If you think about it, creativity really is a Super Power! Whether you are creating simply for the joy it brings you or creating to share your ideas with others, that is a pretty awesome pursuit.
Join us for this 9th year of CJS and learn how different Mixed Media Artists and Crafters translate our theme into their own work, sharing with you their creative process, techniques, tips, tricks, and ideas on how to develop your own style.
You get 31 DOWNLOADABLE videos for $60 (USD). It's a great value – at only $1.93 per video it's a collection of tutorials that you can keep forever, over 5 hours of unique content!
*Please read download info below*
How does it work? Each day throughout the month of January, a new video posted in the online classroom – all video lessons are now available. Participate in the classroom comments, ask questions and post comments, show and share your interpretation of the projects in the Show and Tell to get the most from the CJS community. You will have access to project supply lists and additional special features to inspire you. The classroom will be open until the middle of November 2020 and the videos can be downloaded in the classroom and then kept forever!
Join the 31 artists we call "JumpStarters" as they reveal their creative secrets. They'll be bringing their unique style and favorite media and techniques to the classroom to share with you.
For only $60 you'll get:
- A series of 31 technique- and project-based videos from 31 artists from around the world.
- Each video is about 10 minutes long for a total total of over 5 hours of video content
- Downloadable videos – download before November 2020 to enjoy them forever. You can get all the download links HERE.
- Information about new creative and innovative products and techniques you might not have used before.
- Inspiration to jumpstart your own artwork
- Methods to translate artwork by others into your own style.
If you're looking for new ideas and inspiration, Creative JumpStart is for you!
Who is this workshop for?
This workshop is for the Mixed Media Hobby Artist who wants to jumpstart their creativity in a wide field of projects, techniques and mediums. It is suited for beginners to intermediate artists – with a couple projects for the advanced audience. From lots of Art Journaling and mixed media based ideas, from project-based videos to inspirational videos, to technique-based videos – there is something for everyone!
And to keep things even more exciting, we have a series of giveaways from our official CJS20 sponsors. These art and craft product companies are offering chances to win products and gift cards but you must enter by February 8, 2020.
What supplies will I need?
A short basic supply list will be provided in the Welcome Section after you signed in. No need to go on a shopping spree and buy a ton of stuff you might not use that often. Watch the videos first to decide if you can substitute some of the materials with something you already own. If not, then choose which items to buy.
If you have some of the following in hand, it would be helpful:
Sheets of watercolor paper, an Art Journal if you like to work within a book format, 6-8 colors of acrylic paints plus black and white, a basic set of watercolor paints, gel medium, gesso, a selection of brushes, a rubber brayer, various pens and pencils.
TERMS AND CONDITIONS
By signing up for CJS, you agree not to give your private log-in and any password information to anyone else. The enrollment fee is for one person only. After the payment confirmation is sent to you, cancellation is no longer possible. Tuition is not refundable.
All videos are under the copyright of the artists and are for private use only and cannot be shared. You may not teach/re-teach the information in the videos or use it for any online or print publications.
Streaming: If you plan on using Streaming only, please sign up only if you are able to watch vimeo hosted videos. All videos are posted in this format. See vimeo.com to test your computer. Some older computers and software may have problems playing the videos. We are not responsible for troubleshooting playback difficulties of the videos. Note that CJS is not optimized for viewing on mobile devices. Some devices may not be able to play videos or display all content. We recommend joining CJS from a laptop or desktop computer. Please ensure your computer or device is compatible BEFORE joining.
Downloads: You will be able to download the videos so that you can watch them offline and keep them forever. Download terms and conditions will be posted when you download the first video and in order to do so, you will have to agree to those terms and conditions.
*Please read the following information regarding downloads: You can download our vimeo videos any time to a desktop computer or laptop. Downloading to certain mobile devices including Apple devices can be problematic in some cases depending on the age and model of the device (an unfortunate limitation to these devices). Please verify the capabilities of your device before purchasing this workshop/workshop collection. Unfortunately we cannot provide technical support for all the different models of devices out there. We recommend researching various support pages to learn about your device and its capabilities, for example the Apple Support page here _URL_.


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Dialux is a computer program developed by architects, interior architects, electrical engineers and design engineers as a calculation and design program used in lighting design and lighting calculations. This program helps architects as to how to place the luminaries in rooms and buildings. Dialux makes lighting calculations according to the rules determined by LEED and BREEAM and the accounts are accepted. LEED and BREEAM are construction certification programs that signify a certain level of environmental-friendly design achievement of a building.
While working on architectural projects, designers who use the Dialux program for lighting design and calculations can save their area-specific designs in a cad file in dwg or dxf format and then save these designs as a Dialux program to be able to copy and to get the lighting visuals. However, when we use the Dialux program in accordance with architectural projects, we encounter some problems regarding lighting calculations and visuals as well as 3D rendering problems in some calculations due to the way Dialux operates. These types of problems continue after the initial architectural plan gets transferred to the Dialux program. For example, when lighting calculations are made in a conference hall, the working plane of the area should be 70 to 80 cm above the ground when the floor code is 0.00 cm.
If the area you calculate and place in the AutoCAD file does not start from 0,0 point in the coordinate plane, when you process the autocad file into the Dialux program and open the Dialux screen, the architectural plan will most probably be at an infinite point and this means you may have to devote hours to find the architectural project. Besides, when you find the project, you have to select the area and the height of the room, but since your architectural plan is in a very different coordinate plane, you will either need to memorize the exact coordinates or write it somewhere and then copy it into the Dialux program. In order to avoid these problems, the area to be calculated should be initially transferred to a dwg or dxf file and then transferred into the Dialux program but it shouldn't be forgotten that the coordinate point should be selected as 0.0. Once the area in accordance with the architectural plan is created, if the study area includes a flat floor plan, such as passive rooms, classrooms, corridors, lighting design and lighting furnishing placement will enable you to work very comfortably. However, in the Dialux program, if the lighting calculation is to be performed in a place where there is an elevation difference such as stepped amphitheater or cinema or conference hall, , floor and lighting account plane codes create problems in the calculation results. For example, when lighting calculations are made in a conference hall, the working plane should be 70 to 80 cm above the ground when the floor code is 0.00 cm.
In the conference hall, if each of the 16-step-ladder system whose steps are chosen as an area leading up to the last seat is 160 cm high, this means that at the end of the step each has a height of 10 cm. If the lighting layout in the conference hall is done in harmony with the architecture and furnishing, the Dialux program considers the area up to 70 to 80 cm as the working plane and creates a lighting schedule accordingly. Incorrect illumination values appear in the calculation of illumination lux values for areas that are less than 70 to 80 cm in the calculation sheets. When you get the results of the calculations and do 3D rendering work, as the light distribution curves of the luminaires create errors due to the working plane, your visual can either create very light or very dark areas and cannot be added to the presentation file.
Since the doors and materials in the Dialux program are uniform, they create an incorrect lighting curve when the calculation is done using new materials such as wooden, glass and PVC. However, it is a very good option that there are many company options for the selected luminaires in the calculated area and that the lumen and luminaire power values can be manipulated and processed after the placement of the selected luminaires. The luminaires assigned for lighting calculations come in different visual colors in 3D rendering modeling. For example, when the lighting calculation is made having selected 10 luminaires with black structure, 2 or 3 luminaires appear in different color structures. When the architectural layout and furnishing plan on Autocad is transferred into the Dialux with all the details in accordance with the architectural plan and new furnishing materials are designed, the calculation time is extended because it takes up more space in megabytes and therefore it may even throw you out of the system. If the lighting calculation program in the Dialux account program gets you out of the system for such a reason, you cannot go back and the Dialux recorded extension files are identified as problematic, which means you need to start the design calculation from scratch.
If you activate the 3d render import command in the Dialux program, the less megabytes your file occupies, the less material and visual extensions you use, the faster the rendering will be but it will be similar to 1980 Micky Mouse cartoons. However, if you would like your architectural render to be impressive, your render time will be prolonged, and no matter how powerful your computer is, you will probably devote your days to have one render only. In the meantime, you will be praying that the dialux program will not kick you out of the system. If the landscape lighting account is going to be done, you can make a normal lighting calculation using the materials that are included in the system. On the other hand, if you use 3D model houses, cars, and lush leafy trees as requested by the landscape architect and architect, you will have longer waiting time and higher chance of being thrown out of the system as the larger the area, the longer you should wait for. If you prefer a small and less structured landscape, you will only get a lighting calculation for that small area. Dialux program is growing by adding into different features by upgrading the version recently. However, with the addition of external materials into the program, errors occur in the calculation and acquisitions of three-dimensional rendering.
Since Germans designed the program, when the language changes are made while the presentation file is taken, some of the outputs remain German. Dialux is currently only installed on computers with windows based processor system. It cannot be installed on Mac computers with IOS processor system. Dialux program is an important program for architects, interior designers and designers in today's technology. However, three-dimensional visual rendering of the materials used should be developed. I also hope that it will further improve its infrastructure to create better visuals with more options for presentation files.


text:
1 Dec 2010
Instructional Poster for "Dynamo" c. 1929-30
Pencil, watercolour and black ink on paper, 33.5 by 46.5 cm
The design of visual propaganda for the young Land of the Soviets was an important, indeed the paramount occupation for all Soviet artists. It was usually top-class, fully-trained professionals who were accepted to work on visual aids in the military and sports areas. Many of these also achieved success with their easel works and participated in art exhibitions across the country. Such was the outstanding Leningrad master Vladimir Lebedev who, as is well known, received commissions from the Dynamo sports society in 1929 and 1930. It was for this organisation that the artist created the instructional poster now on offer.
The main requirement of a mass teaching aid of this kind is a thorough knowledge of military subjects and a detailed, delicate draughtsmanship, facilitating speedy and accurate teaching. The Red Army soldiers in Lebedev's poster are painted in watercolour. Each "pin-point" touch of the brush recreates details of the clothes, of the figures' bulk, their weapons and even the basics of handling the weapons, easily understood thanks to the use of bodily gesture. Such filigree perfection and finish would be the envy of any disciple of Filonov. This unique work not only demonstrates the highly developed graphic culture of Vladimir Lebedev, his capability as a draughtsman and watercolourist, but is also a valuable document of its time.
Notes on symbols:
* Indicates 5% Import Duty Charge applies.
Ω Indicates 20% Import Duty Charge applies.
§ Indicates Artist's Resale Right applies.
† Indicates Standard VAT scheme applies, and the rate of 20% VAT will be charged on both hammer price and premium.


text:
The Weight of Price - On the Structural Fomation of (Nominal) Market Prices
41 Pages Posted: 19 Nov 2012
Date Written: January 11, 2006
A new method to the investigation of nominal prices is presented. Taking into account (a) the weight of a number's digits, (b) the build-in characteristics of cardinal numbers in decimal notation, and (c) a probable misconception of decimal notation, the main features of nominal prices are demonstrated to be well predictable: the probability of market prices' first digits obeys Benford's Law due to (b); the length of prices, and the distribution of digits on the consecutive positions are determined by a price's first digit, as well as by (a) and (c). A secondary data analysis from el Sehity, Hoelzl and Kirchler (2005) is undertaken on price data from 10 EMU-countries before and after the transition to the euro. Price structures of the former national currencies re-established in euro within one year according to (a), (b), and (c).
Keywords: Nominal Market Price, Price Digits, Benford's Law, Money Illusion
JEL Classification: D49, E49, P22
Suggested Citation: Suggested Citation


text:
Traditional control system for double speed wipers
Nautical line control systems for windscreen wipers have the following features:
- actuate wipers individually or in groups, operating both in continuous and intermittent mode ;
- actuate windscreen washing system performing a predetermined cycle.
Control systems proposed are:
- PWS System: developed to control a group from two up to five wipers.
- LMS System: allows you to control a group from three up to nine wipers.
- CT System: very compact, similar to a toggle switch, to control one or two wipers.
- ESB Switch: ON-ON-ON switch suitable to feed two speeds motors with self parking.


text:
This muscle sensor from Advancer Technologies measures a muscle's activity by monitoring the electric potential generated by muscle cells. This is referred to as electromyography (EMG). The sensor amplifies and processes the complex electrical activity of a muscle and converts it into a simple analog signal that can easily be read by any microcontroller with an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), such as an A-Star or Arduino – or even a Maestro servo controllerlike Pololu show in this blog post. As the target muscle group flexes, the sensor's output voltage increases. The exact relationship between the output voltage and the muscle activity can be fine-tuned using an on-board gain potentiometer.
The MyoWare Muscle Sensor is an updated version of Advancer Technologies' older Muscle Sensor v3 with a number of improvements, notably single-supply operation (no need for a negative voltage supply) and built-in snap connectors for electrodes. Other new features include a raw EMG output, reverse power protection, a power switch, and LED indicators.
In order to attach to skin, the sensor requires three electrodes (not included) that snap into the sensor's snap-style connectors, which make it easy to attach and detach electrodes. Two connectors are located directly on the PCB, and the third is located at the end of the attached reference electrode cable. The board's pins have a 0.1″ pitch and work with 0.1″ male headers and 0.1″ female headers.
For more detailed information about the muscle sensor, including instructions on how to use it, see the Advancer Technologies MyoWare Muscle Sensor datasheet (1MB pdf). Example Arduino programs can be found on the MyoWare GitHub page.
- Dimensions: 2.1″ × 0.8″ (excluding reference electrode cable, which is about 3″ long)
- Operating voltage: 2.9 V to 5.7 V (unlike previous sensor versions, no negative supply is required)
- Analog voltage output from 0 V to +Vs (supply voltage)
- Adjustable gain
- Both EMG envelope and raw EMG outputs available
- Embedded electrode connectors – electrodes snap directly into MyoWare (alternatively, external electrode cables can be connected)
- LED Indicators – one power LED, and one LED that brightens when the muscle is flexed
- Power switch
- Reverse voltage protection
- Two mounting holes (suitable for M3 or #4 screws)
- Informative user's guide (1MB pdf)
This product is listed in:
Documentation and Resources:
- The Maker Revolution
The Maker Revolution celebrates the creation of new devices and the modification of existing ones - the transition from a consumer buying goods to eventually having a major part in their creation. The Maker Revolution places strong emphasis on free (...
- Getting Hands-on with Sensors
What good is a robot if it can't interact with the environment around it? Sensors are the backbone of almost every electronics project as they allow your program to make decisions based on external stimuli. We've got sensors for all kinds...
- IoT Plant Monitor
So, my wife wanted to have some small plants in the house. I didn't, so we compromised, and got some plants. The only thing is that neither of us remembers to water them, so I wanted to build a sensor array to monitor the moisture content of the soil, and notify us when they needed watering. We've got 3 plants, all fairly close to each other, and I wanted to create an IoT project so that it could send an email notifi...
We deliver Australia-wide with these options:
- $3 for Small Items (4-6 days, not tracked, only available on selected small items)
- $6.95 for Standard Post (2-4 days, tracked)
- $8.32 for Express Post (1-2 days, tracked)
- Pickup - Free! Only available to customers who live in the Newcastle region
International Orders - the following rates are for New Zealand and will vary for other countries:
- $11.49 for Pack and Track (3+ days, tracked)
- $16.50 for Express International (2-5 days, tracked)
If you order lots of gear, the postage amount might increment based on the weight of your order.
Our physical address:
Unit 18, 132 Garden Grove Parade
Please checkout our customer service page if you have other frequently asked questions such as "do we do purchase orders" (yes!) or "are prices GST inclusive" (yes they are!). We're here to help - get in touch with us to talk shop.


text:
Women have many questions: Why you care about her? Why you do what you do? Why you make the investment decisions that you do?
Yet most advisors, even those who claim to be Women's Wealth Specialists, tend to drown women (and sometimes men) in long winded explanations of their credentials, experience and investment process.
Many advisors think words such as, 'asset allocation' and 'diversification' are both valuable and intriguing.. in reality they simply confuse and bore women often causing them to tune out.
They don't want to know how to make the clock they want to know why they need the clock. The same holds true with your investment philosophy. When women understand why you invest the way you do in simple compelling language the barriers come down and the relationship grows.
Become A Women's Wealth Specialist
Tool 3: Writing Your Investment Philosophy
Consider using clichés to validate your investment recommendations. Instead of overwhelming your client with technical terms and financial jargon they aren't familiar with, engage them with clichés to cleverly describe your strategy and approach.
Well known clichés create immediate clarity as to why you do what you do. This builds trust with a woman. When a woman understands why you do what you do, she will be more inclined to move forward and take action.
- You'll experience a receptive client: The moment the male advisor shared her clichés the woman nodded and was totally receptive to the recommendations.
- Clichés also have a positive effect on husbands: After using her 3 clichés, she realized it wasn't just the women who appreciated this approach, as the men seemed more relaxed and focused on the investment recommendations as well.
- Using clichés allows you to prioritize your time: By using his 3 clichés he didn't have to spend time explaining giving a lengthy explanation about what he does, and instead what able to focus on the client and resolving their issues.
- Using clichés builds confidence: It can be challenging to explain an investment philosophy to your audience. You might have experienced blank stares with your approach. Using clichés will help.
- Clichés are a simple and effective approach: Advisors never realize how simple it is to get women to move forward once they understand what you think and why. This process is so much easier. What a great solution!
Sample Investment Philosophy:
Our investment philosophy is best represented by three clichés that instill our core philosophy for investing your money.
- We take the road "Less Traveled": We often focused on the investments least adored by Wall Street. We tend to buy into fear and sell into greed.
- Price Matters: We like to buy quality on sale. The best business in the world can be a terrible investment if you pay too much for it.
- A Penny Saved is a Penny Earned: We do not like to lose money! We believe that capital preservation and minimizing the risk of large portfolio losses is of paramount importance.
You too can become a Women's Wealth Specialist. In the MWA, Masters of Women's Advisory Certification Program, Adri will walk you through every step of the process, help you to create and integrate your investment clichés, and help you develop a Female Friendly practice that will engage, inspire, and motivate women to become your client.


text:
Corn Flakes - History of Corn Flakes
Have you ever eaten corn flakes? Corn flakes are flakes of cereal made out of corn. Sometimes they come with sugar added to them. There are many brands of corn flakes sold at the grocery store. There is one, though, that is called Corn Flakes. This cereal is made by the Kellogg company.
Corn Flakes were created by Dr. John Harvey Kellogg in 1894. At the time, Dr. Kellogg was the superintendent at Battle Creek Sanitarium. Superintendent means that he was in charge. A sanitarium is a hospital for people who have a sickness that cannot be cured. People who could not be cured went to live out the rest of their lives in the sanitarium.
Dr. Kellogg was interested in healthy eating. The Battle Creek Sanitarium was a "health spa" that encouraged a vegetarian diet. This means that the patients could not eat meat. They were also not allowed to drink alcohol or smoke cigarettes.
Dr. Kellogg invented several healthy foods, such as granola and peanut butter. Dr. Kellogg believed that tooth decay was caused by people not using their teeth to chew enough. But, people had to be able to chew something that wouldn't hurt their teeth. So, he experimented with toasting dry, crisp cereals that could be mixed with milk. This is how Corn Flakes were invented.
The Kellogg company still makes many types of cereals. Today, toasted "flakes" are used in many types of cereals-corn flakes, rice flakes, and wheat flakes. These dry cereals are a popular breakfast food. They are usually eaten in a bowl with milk poured over them. But, some people will use these flakes to make "treats" or desserts by adding sugar, peanut butter, honey, or marshmallows.


Gil Kalai Sep 26 '11 at 12:10
OK, I'll have a look at it and see if the method can be applied to the stronger statement. – Pascal Maillard Sep 26 '11 at 12:59
show 1 more comment
Midway Problem (a reformulation only)
This is not an Answer. Start with a 2n x2n grid graph. all edges length one, all even pairs linked.
The "both even" numbered vertices are "the original graph". Add (x odd, y even) vertices half the time. Add (x even, y odd) vertices the time. The (odd, odd) vertices are always out. Seems a decent starting point. Point Midway is now (n+1, 0), and in the graph half of the time.
The two questions may then be:
Strongest question, as n grows: Show with probability approaching one that the set of all shortest paths between (0,0) and (2n,0) almost never contains Midway.
Weaker question, as n grows: Show with probability approaching one that there is a shortest path
between (0,0) and (2n,0) that does not contain Midway.
They may even have different answers, unless the shortest path has "uniqueness" properties. So again, this is not an answer.
But, the fractions are gone, and the edge lengths are all one!
Apologies for the initial typo. Is this variation more accessible?
The Far Corner variant of Midway, with an exclusion somewhere, may be easier for purists; but again, I do not know the answer (Nor even close). Propertys of shortest path sets from (0,0) to (2n,2n) may shed light on the axial case. Some small variety of forbidden minor, behaving as Midway, may be worthy of considering. I would try constant sized cycles.
share|improve this answer
That's an interesting variation of the problem that might be easier. When you say add (x odd y even) hald the time do you mean with probability 1/2? I suppose also the (x even y odd) vertices are also added half the time. that's interesting. – Gil Kalai Jan 31 '10 at 16:52
add comment
Your Answer


text:
Día de la Virgen de Guadalupe – Virgins, Kids and Indigenous Costumes
Every 12th of December in Guatemala on the Día de la Virgen de Guadalupe children throughout the country dress up in colorful, traditional indigenous costumes and carry an image of the Virgin of Guadalupe in local processions. Usually marimba and hordes of traditional food stalls go with the festivities.
Originating in Mexico after the Spanish conquest, when the Virgin Mary is said to have appeared to an indigenous peasant, the custom continues throughout the Americas.
In Antigua the celebrations take place in front of the beautiful baroque church of La Merced. Rustic mini-scenes backed by painted images of the Virgin are set up in front of the church and parents pose their children for photographers. Tiny replicas of adults, the boys have mustaches painted on their faces and the girls little baskets tied to their heads. Each scene has a variety of typical Guatemalan everyday items for the children to use as props including miniature marimba, tortillas on a comal, model horses and a strange collection of live chickens and toy tigers.
Colorful images of the Virgin.
Children dressed up in traditional indigenous costumes.


text:
Walking around most neighborhoods in Portland, Oregon you may notice street names, dates, and contractor's names stamped into the concrete sidewalk. Most of these date to the early 20th century, at a time when the city's streetscape was solidifying through the use of asphalt and concrete.
Sidewalk stamping in the U.S. became popular toward the end of the 1800's, when brick and board walkways were gradually being replaced by concrete sidewalks and curbs. Today, signs with street names are designed for drivers. Though they acknowledge the existence of pedestrians and other users by minimum clearance heights and other standard dimensional requirements, these and other geographical markers are predominantly focused on directing vehicular traffic. Concrete stamping however, is a specific marker designed for the pedestrian. As pedestrians move through the streets, stamps provide an easy, natural way to identify their location. Having recently moved to a new neighborhood, I personally appreciate these 100+ year old stamps as I walk down my new streets.
The photo above was taken in my neighborhood at a new ADA-compliant pedestrian ramp which was cut into an older portion of sidewalk. In these confluence areas of old and new, Portland has often impressed the construction dates of old and new sidewalk into the new concrete. This is a trend fairly typical of many cities besides Portland, and one which reflects respect for our historical infrastructure.
As the photo above shows, some contractors stamped their company name in the fresh concrete. This simple advertising was also a mark of craftsmanship. This pride in craft is admirable, and shows true confidence in quality workmanship – especially given the nature of sidewalks which are meant to last for decades. It's impossible to know how long these contractors thought their work would endure, but it is a testament to their superior skill that so much of this older sidewalk is in exceptional shape.
A portion of the public art for the new Portland-Milwaukie light rail project will be used to incorporate phrases and poetry in the form of stamps in sidewalk panels. Read about the proposed impressed concrete here: _URL_ This project recognizes that concrete stamping is not only valuable for navigation, it also offers a great aesthetic opportunity.
Concrete stamping is a relatively simple process, though it does require attention to some key details. The stamp should be designed for the reality of concrete sidewalk and the concrete mix design used. For example, a small-lettered stamp will not be suitable for sidewalk with a larger aggregate mix, as it will be difficult for the letters to fit with the aggregate (and for the finished stamp to be structurally strong enough to last a significant amount of time). Timing is also a crucial element, as stamps must be impressed into relatively wet concrete, though the surface must be stiff enough to hold the pattern of the lettering. Likewise, the force used to stamp concrete will have a significant effect on the impression that is made – too hard and the impression will be too shallow, too soft and the letters will smear together. Oil or powder on the stamp helps to release it from the concrete and create a more consistent finished product.
Given the relative ease of concrete stamping and its durability, it is not surprising that this municipal streetscape element is still popular today.


Comments on RDFa Core 1.1 (CURIE only)
From: Gavin Carothers
Date: Tue, 17 Jan 2012 10:50:35 -0800
Message-ID:
I'm not sure if this should go to the RDFa WG as a personal comment,
or as part of the RDF WG's feed back.
Alignment with SPARQL and Turtle
Both Turtle and SPARQL provide a mechanism for writing shortened IRIs.
The stated design goals of CURIEs are:
 CURIEs are designed from the ground up to be used in attribute
values. QNames are designed for unambiguously naming elements and
 CURIEs expand to IRIs, and any IRI can be represented by such an
expansion. QNames are treated as value pairs, but even if those pairs
are combined into a string, only a subset of IRIs can be represented.
 CURIEs can be used in non-XML grammars, and can even be used in
XML languages that do not support XML Namespaces. QNames are limited
to XML Namespace-aware XML Applications.
These exact same goals are met in Turtle and SPARQL using the concept
of Prefixed Names. Exactly how Prefixed Names and CURIEs are different
to end users is not very clear. Both use simple concatenation, both
work outside of XML, both are not value pairs. The given example
isbn:_PHONE_ is a perfectly valid prefixed name in both Turtle and
SPARQL. In fact all the example CURIEs in RDFa Core 1.1 and the RDFa
Primer are valid Prefixed Names (Some would require language specific
escaping in SPARQL or Turtle). However there are some differences.
CURIE grammar
The grammar for CURIEs provided in RDFa Core 1.1
prefix ::= NCName
reference ::= irelative-ref (as defined in [RFC3987])
curie ::= [ [ prefix ] ':' ] reference
safe_curie ::= '[' [ [ prefix ] ':' ] reference ']'
The grammars for prefixed names are well tested and have many
implementations. The CURIE grammar does not seem to have ANY
implementations. In fact even implementing the seemingly simple
grammar from RDFa Core 1.1 is very complicated. The grammar references
two other grammars. First the XML Namespaces grammar for NCName, which
allows a wider range of tokens then prefixed names do. Exactly what
uses cases those additional tokens are needed for is not clear. Some
_1: is a valid CURIE prefix but NOT a valid Prefixed Named prefix.
______: is a valid CURIE prefix but NOT a valid Prefixed Named prefix.
In fact, the only clearly allowed set of tokens allowed by CURIE and
not Prefixed Names is prefixes containing _ as the first character.
Given that _ in the first character is used in RDFa, Turtle, and
SPARQL to reference blank nodes it seems unlikely that anyone uses _
as the first character in their prefix names.
Moving on to the right hand side of the CURIE the grammar gets much
more amusing. First off the referenced grammar is not in the same form
as CURIE or XML which use W3C EBNF. The iri RFC use ABNF. This leads
to complicated reading for humans, and no clear way to use any
automated tool to build a CURIE a grammar. While the name
"irelative-ref" sounds like a relative IRI reference, the rule in
question is NOT limited to relative references. Host parts, IPv4 and
IPv6 segments are allowed as part of irelative-refs. This is not
exactly expected. Again what use case is served in allowing CURIEs
{'prefix' : '_URL_
These are very easy to confuse with normal IRIs. In general it seems
that the intent of CURIEs was to limit the right hand side to relative
references but that is not accomplished by using the "irelative-ref"
production from the IRI RFC.
Align RDFa with SPARQL and Turtle prefix names. It should be possible
to create a simpler grammar for "CURIEs"/Prefixed Names based on the
SPARQL and Turtle productions bellow:
[s157] PN_CHARS ::= PN_CHARS_U | '-' | [0-9] | _TAG_ |
[s158] PN_PREFIX ::= PN_CHARS_BASE ((PN_CHARS|'.')* PN_CHARS)?
[s159] PN_LOCAL ::= (PN_CHARS_U | [0-9] | PLX ) ( ( PN_CHARS |
'.' | PLX )* ( PN_CHARS | PLX ) )? >
[s160] PLX ::= PERCENT | PN_LOCAL_ESC
[s161] PERCENT ::= '%' HEX HEX
[s163] PN_LOCAL_ESC ::= '\' ( '_' | '~' | '.' | '-' | '!' | '$'
| '&' | "'" | '(' | ')' | '*' | '+' | ',' | ';' | '=' | ':' | '/' |
'?' | '#' | '@' | '%' )
Main differences are likely to be that most of the PN_LOCAL_ESC
characters should be allowed in RDFa grammar directly, as the host
languages (XML and HTML) provide for escaping mechanisms already.
While this would be a backwards incompatible change the real effect on
deployed data and software is likely to be low. I am unaware of any
RDFa implementation that uses the CURIE grammar as specified, and have
not ever encountered RDFa data in the wild that uses the odder values
the current grammar productions allow.
Received on Tuesday, 17 January 2012 18:51:14 GMT


text:
FGB has developed special cardan foot joints for servo-hydraulic synchronised cylinders, which supply the cylinders with hydraulic oil without hoses. This means that the cylinders are not affected by the interfering hose pulsations nor the hose drag. On the other hand, the cylinders are hindered from swinging around their piston rod axis. This also allows the inertia influence of the cylinder mass to be kept low, because the individual centres of gravity of the legs can be installed close to the pivot point of the foot joint thanks to the compact cylinder joint design. In total, this significantly improves the performance of the corresponding test bench set-ups.
- Hydraulic oil supply of the cylinders without hoses
- Not affected by the interfering hose pulsations
- Not affected by the hose dag
- Minimalization of the inertia influence of the cylinder mass
- Compact cylinder joint design
- Significantly improve performance of the test bench set-ups