A Guide to Pigs Ears for Dogs (by Jo the Vet)
pigs ears for dogs
Written by Jo Hardy
A common treat found in most pet stores, pigs ears for dogs are inexpensive and irresistible to our canine companions. But how are they produced? Are they really a healthy option when it comes to dog treats? And if so, why? This article takes a deep dive into the subject, answering all these questions and more!
How are Pigs Ears Processed?
Pig ears are a natural dog treat, humanely harvested as a by-product from the farming industry. This ensures less of the pig goes to waste.
The part of the ear which is used is the pinna; the flap of the ear. The pinna is mainly comprised of cartilage and skin, with very little muscle. Therefore it is not like normal meat. Cartilage is a firm, yet flexible, connective tissue which is found in the ears, nose, at the end of ribs, and inside joints.
Once an ear has been harvested, it goes through a process of blanching in boiling water for 30 seconds, followed by rapid cooling in ice water. This removes all the remaining hair. After drying, it is then dehydrated either on a dehydration rack, in an oven at a low temperature, or in a smoker for extra flavour. This process can take between four and 24 hours, depending on which method is used.
Once fully dehydrated, they will be a treat that your dog won't be able to resist.
Always read the label!
Not every product sold as a "pig ear" is as natural as you might think. Some products might actually be rawhide shaped to look like a pig's ear. Others might have additives like liquid smoke or unnecessary preservatives. And they might be sourced from places with poor animal welfare. Always read the label before buying
Are Pigs Ears Good For Dogs?
Pig ears are highly nutritious, but they should always be given as a treat rather than as part of a routine diet. This is for two reasons; firstly, they are not balanced in minerals and vitamins like a diet should be. And secondly, they are high in fat. Therefore, if given excessively, they may contribute to obesity. However, some fat is a good thing, as dogs need up to 20% of their diet to be made up of fats.
In addition to fat, the other nutrient that is found in pig ears is protein (almost 70% of a pig's ear is protein). Protein is made up of chains of amino acids, which are the building blocks of all structural parts of the body, such as muscles, enzymes and antibodies. They are essential for basic functions in life, as well as effective immunity.
Pigs Ear Nutrition
Are There Any Health Benefits Linked to Pig Ears?
Because pig ears have a large hide content, they are tough to chew and require some effort to eat. With that being said, they are not as tough as cow hide, and therefore do not cause excessive abrasion on the gums. The toughness is a good thing as the continuous chewing action will remove plaque and tartar from your dog's teeth.
Plaque and tartar are formed because of a build-up of food material and bacteria on the base of the teeth. As a result, the gums react and become inflamed, leading to a condition called gingivitis. If this gets out of control, the ligaments which hold the teeth to the gums can become weakened and teeth start falling out.
But the good news is giving occasional pig ear can aid in keeping the teeth clean and prevent dental disease.
Are Pig Ears Safe? Can They Be Detrimental to My Dog's Health?
If given freely without care, pig ears can be detrimental to your dog's health, and therefore some dogs should not be given them.
Obesity & Pancreatitis
Because of the high fat content, dogs who are struggling with their weight should not be allowed to have pig ears. Obesity is a major welfare problem, and can be linked to diseases such as osteoarthritis, diabetes and liver failure.
Also, a large amount of fat ingestion can trigger a disease called pancreatitis, in some dogs. The pancreas is an organ which produces enzymes which aid to digest food. When a dog has pancreatitis, the enzymes begin digesting the pancreas itself, leading to vomiting, diarrhoea and extreme abdominal pain. If a dog has had pancreatitis before, they are at a higher risk of developing it again, and therefore if your dog is a sufferer of pancreatitis, then pig ears will not be for him.
There have also been Salmonella contamination scares in pig ear treats. Approximately 4% of commercially produced pig ears contain Salmonella. A Salmonella infection can cause vomiting and diarrhoea in your dog, as well as in humans.
But if you source your pig ears from reliable places, such as butchers, reputable pet stores and veterinary clinics, then they are less likely to be contaminated.
Risk of Intestinal Obstruction
Finally, pig ears can cause obstructions in the gastrointestinal system if large pieces are swallowed. With all treats which are hard and have the ability to break into pieces, pieces can be swallowed and become stuck in the oesophagus, stomach or intestines. Blockages can be extremely serious, and cause vomiting, abdominal pain, and potentially gut perforations. Therefore, it is very important that any dog eating a pig ear is supervised.
Are Pig Ears Off-Putting in Any Way?
Much like any natural dried animal product, pig ears do have a meaty odour to them. This odour is one of the reasons why dogs are so attracted to them. For some people this smell will not matter, but if you are worried about the meaty smell sticking to your carpet and furniture, it is best to only offer your dog pig ears outside or in rooms with hard floors.
Pig ears are also fairly greasy compared to other similar treats on the market, which is because of their high fat content. This is another reason why you may not want your dog chewing them on carpet or furniture.
FAQs About Pigs Ears for Dogs
Can I Give my Puppy Pigs Ears?
It is not recommended that puppies are given pig ears. This is because the high fat content may lead to gastrointestinal upsets, such as vomiting, diarrhoea and gut discomfort.
How Often Can I Give My Dog a Pigs Ear?
Pig ears should be given in moderation. As a recommended guideline, a medium sized dog should not have more than one pig ear per week. Remember that pig ears are not calorie free, and so the amount of food should be slightly adjusted on that day to avoid an increase in the number of daily calories above what is recommended.
How Long Will a Pig Ear Last?
If you're looking for a long-lasting treat to keep your dog entertained for hours, pig ears may not be for your dog! A smaller dog, or one with a more delicate chewing action, may take a fairly long time to get through a pig ear. However, an excited middle or large breed dog with a healthy appetite is likely to get through it in under five minutes.
Are Pig Ears Linked to Behaviour Problems?
Pig ears, per se, are not the cause of any behaviour problems, however if you have a dog who is possessive over food then they may growl or snap if you try to take a pig ear away from them.
This behaviour stems from your dog's attitude towards the hierarchy of the household. Dogs see their owners as part of their pack. Dominant dogs always eat first in a pack, and therefore if your dog feels he must warn you from coming near his food, this means he thinks he is higher in the hierarchy than you are.
If this is a case, you should consult a canine behaviourist to understand ways to ensure your dog sees you as their master, rather than their equal or beneath them.
Alternatives to Pigs Ears
There are several pig ear alternatives available on the market. If you wish to stick to pig ears, but in a slightly different form, some pet stores will sell them as rolls, which your dog can easily carry around. Because these are much thicker, they are considerably longer lasting.
If you wish to give your dog a different chew which is still natural and healthy, knuckle bones and antlers are both options that you will find in pet stores. However, knuckle bones can pose many health concerns to your dog, such as splintering and breaking off pieces which can cause blockages. Antlers are significantly safer, as they will not break or splinter, and they will also last for many months instead of simply seconds. Unfortunately, antlers are considerably more expensive than pig ears.
Rawhide chews are also commonly found in pet stores, in the same section as the pig ears. They may initially appear as a more attractive option, as they do not smell and are also made from animal by-products. However, the reality is less attractive. Rawhide is produced from a manufacturing process which can leave many chemicals still in the chew, which may be detrimental to your dog, so it is far less natural than it originally appears. In addition, it digests much slower in the gut, and can easily cause blockages if large pieces are swallowed.
In Conclusion...
Pig ear treats can be nutritious and delicious treats for your dog to enjoy on a moderated basis. They can be beneficial to your pet's health, especially dental health; however, they should be offered with precaution to avoid your dog from swallowing pieces which could cause an obstruction. They should be avoided if your dog is still a puppy, overweight or prone to bouts of pancreatitis, but if your dog is a healthy adult dog


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|Heating temperature（℃）||Room temperature -250|
$790.00 – $2,270.00
The pressure difference between the boiling film and condensing surface is the driven force of stem flow, and the minimum pressure will cause the flowing of steam. Under the 1mbar, the operation requires the boiling surface and condensing surface have the shortest distance. The evaporator manufactured based on the principle is called short-path distillation. The short-path distillation (molecular distillation) is equipped with a inside condenser which is opposite to the heating surface, and make the operation pressure reduce to under 0.001mbar. Its relative low boiling temperature is very suitable to the material with heat sensitive and high boiling point.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


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Developers will be well aware there are many issues that delay building or renovation work, and these can threaten the financial viability of a project. Here we look at how developers can use bridging finance to save the day.
A property developer can sometimes arrange for the completion date for a derelict property purchase to be delayed, giving the them time to carry out building work in the property that will add to its value. Derelict property is usually ineligible for a mortgage until it has been made habitable.
In a recent case, a developer had exchanged contracts for a property purchase but arranged for a six-month delay in completing the sale. This delay was to enable him to complete renovation work to make the property eligible for a mortgage. As often happens in construction work, there were several unexpected issues which meant that he could not complete the work within the six-month period. If he could not raise the finance to complete the purchase in time, he could forfeit the property and there was no guarantee he would be compensated for the cost of the building work.
The developer sought the help of a bridging finance broker who arranged for a bridging loan that was used to complete the purchase and allowed time to finish the renovations. The bridging loan funds were available seven days after the initial loan application. After completing the work, the landlord could arrange for a mortgage to repay the bridging loan and provide time to sell the property for a profit.


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Volunteer as a noun is defined by Dictionary.com as:
a person who voluntarily offers himself or herself for a service or undertaking or a person who performs a service willingly and without pay.
Volunteerism is defined by the same source as above as:
the policy or practice of volunteering one's time or talents for charitable, educational, or other worthwhile activities, esp. in one's community.
I pondered how being a volunteer and volunteerism correlated with my family history and genealogy. I can remember many activities that my mother took part in that would qualify as "volunteer".
- Girl Scout Leader
- Church Council member and President
- Church committee member
- Parent Teacher Organization member
- Substitute Teacher (when it was all volunteer)
- Working at school carnivals and community festivals
- Helping to coordinate her alumna banquets
- Driving elderly friends or church members to church, church functions or back home
- Hosting women's or club functions or bridge parties
- Driving her teenage daughter (me) and friends everywhere
As a member of several organizations (Parents Without Partners, American Legion, FOE Auxilliary, and a Square Dancing Club), I'm sure she put in a good many volunteer hours. Through the church, even when she was ill and couldn't do very much, she still volunteered to cook chickens that would be used for the Tuesday night dinners the church held for the community.
My mom saw volunteerism modeled by both of her parents who were very active in community organizations. My grandparents either separately or together were members of the National Association of Retired Federal Employees (N.A.R.F.E.), American Legion, Eastern Star, and Daughters of America. My grandfather served on the Council for the Village he resided in and worked hard toward the merger of the towns of Fairfield and Osborn in Greene County, Ohio long before they did merge to become Fairborn. He also was a Boy Scout leader for many years and a member of the Masons.
My mom's brother also saw the modeling of this type of volunteerism of his parents and became very active in the community as an adult. He helped organize the Battle Creek (Michigan) Hot Air Balloon championships; was a member of the Masons and the Lions club; member of the Battle Creek chamber of commerce who started the Leadership Academy; helped with Battle Creek's sesquicentenial celebration leading to the formation of PRIDE INC., of Keep America Beautiful; and many other activities.
Researching the many volunteer activities and the organizations my family members have been involved, has led me to the conclusion that they were very giving people and have passed on this sense of helping others. I have spent a good number of years wondering if "no" is part of my vocabulary.
At the age of not yet 50, I have been a Girl Scout Leader for two of my daughters; spent many years on the Christian Education board at church and the Cemetery Board; have now sat on the PTA as a board member and officer for 4 years; helped with one of our community organizations via our church by helping to make lunches for low income families during the summer; as a coordinator, treasurer and public relations chair for a parent organization; and other activities.
So how do I pass this on? Will my volunteerism or that of my mother, my uncle, and my grandparents impact the lives of my children, grandchildren or the great-grandchildren yet to be? And how does one go about volunteering without it being all about them? Helping others – either within a structured organization or individually – is not to make a name for oneself. It shouldn't be done with the thought that others will think more highly of you.
Volunteering in the name of genealogy should take on the same thought process. If you are in the position to help someone – whether it is spending an hour at the local libary looking up obituaries or a census index; going to a nearby cemetery to photograph/transcribe a few headstones; or pointing someone in the right direction – you should. Just because it is the right thing to do. Someday you may need that type of help. Very limited. Very specific.
I don't know how much I've contributed to other's research however I have received communications from very, very distant cousins or people researching the same surname as I am, and I've at least responded or sent them my own communication. If nothing else, I hope they feel that they aren't out in the genealogy research "world" without a paddle – that someone else has read their query or message board post.
I've been helped immensely by volunteers. Not only has a kind lady taken pictures of the requested headstones for me but she photographed other family members' headstones and spent several hours at her local library researching the names and sent me news clippings. And she didn't want one penny for her time or her postage. That is a volunteer – being selfless and not thinking about what was in it for her.
Two of my relatives in my Johnson line along with myself have pooled our resources and research and share everything about our shared lines that we find – including questions about whether we are on the right track.
That is volunteerism through genealogy.
Another definition of Volunteer is someone who signs up, enters, and serves in the military. Even though our service men and women do receive pay from the government, by offering to sacrifice themselves in order to assure our freedom – that is still volunteerism.
I've had many ancestors and family members who have volunteered in such a way. My grandfather for WWI, and went on to serve until the Korean War. My dad and his brothers who served during WWII and even beyond. Cousins who served in the Viet Nam War. Children of first cousins who served in the first Gulf War. A great-grandfather who served in the Civil War. Others who serve now – although not in a battle zone. This type of selfless sacrifice has also been passed down through the generations.
Humanitarian? Philanthropic? – they all add up to VOLUNTEER!
This post was written for the 88th Carnival of Genealogy.
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source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Farm diversification into tourism - Implications for social identity?
MetadataVis full innførsel
OriginalversjonJournal of Rural Studies 2011, 27(1):35-44 10.1016/j.jrurstud.2010.09.002
This article deals with how diversification and transformation of farming into tourism may influence the social identity of farmers. Based on a study of 19 farms run by couples engaged with agritourism, it shows how the development of tourism on the farms can be understood in a perspective of repeasantization; and how the couples draw on their farm work, culture and place to situate themselves in a new working role. Through food, stories, activities and themselves as hosts they mediate a strong farm identity. The article also explores how identities change through identifying three processes by which the 'new' work of tourism may destabilize identities. One is a shift in the meaning of farmer identity. Another is the gradual change towards a new master identity, and thirdly it finds a multiplicity of identities practiced as serial identities that shift as they relate to various social memberships and settings.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Last month, a robot plane safely carried passengers 500 miles from England to Scotland and back again, the British consortium operating the plane revealed Monday.
Dubbed "the Flying Test Bed," the plane is a normal 19-seat Jetstream—the kind a corporate executive might fly in—that was converted to fly autonomously.
The group behind the plane is Autonomous Systems Technology Related Airborne Evaluation and Assessment (Astraea), a business consortium funded by the British government and private businesses.
The test flight wasn't completely autonomous—a human pilot onboard entered the cockpit to steer the plane through take-off, and then later the landing. The majority of the flight, however, that long tedium of maintaining a plane at cruising altitude, was in control of the remote pilot, with autonomous systems doing much of the actual flying.
While this was a test flight, it didn't interrupt normal air traffic, and it's 500-mile round-trip between Warton, England, and Inverness, Scotland, occurred in regular commercial airspace, shared with other airplanes.


Ratio of magmastatic pressure, (ρNgLN)/PuN
2.1 × 100
1.2 × 10−4 – 7.8 × 102
\( {\mu}_{\mathrm{N}}^{\prime } \)
μ2/μ1
Ratio of the viscosity [NK model]
102
101 − 3
t
t/TuN
Dimensionless t [NK model]
6.1 × 104
6.1 × 10−4 – 2.4 × 107
Specific parameters and variables used by Nakanishi and Koyaguchi (2008) are indicated by the [NK model]
Definitions and values for the dimensionless parameters are listed in Table 1.
Mathematical analysis of the system behavior
For dp/dt, Eq. (14) indicates that its sign changes from positive to negative with increasing Q beyond \( {Q}^{\prime }={Q}_{\mathrm{in}}^{\prime }/\alpha \). For dQ/dt, Eq. (15) depends on the value of x relative to \( {H}_{\mathrm{w}}^{\prime } \). By combining Eqs. (16) and (18), we rewrite Eq. (15) as
$$ \frac{\mathrm{d}{Q}^{\prime }}{\mathrm{d}{t}^{\prime }}=\left\{\begin{array}{c}\ \frac{1}{\mu_{\mathrm{E}}^{\prime }}\ \left[\ \left({\mu}^{\prime }{W}^{\prime }-\alpha \right)\ {Q}^{\prime }+G{W}^{\prime }+{Q}_{\mathrm{in}}^{\prime}\right]\equiv {F}_1\left({Q}^{\prime}\right)\kern2.25em \left({x}^{\prime }<{H}_{\mathrm{w}}^{\prime}\right)\\ {}\ \frac{1}{\mu_{\mathrm{E}}^{\prime }}\ \left[\ {\mu}^{\prime}\left(1-\varGamma \right){Q}^{\prime 2}+\left(G-\alpha \right){Q}^{\prime }+{Q}_{\mathrm{in}}^{\prime}\right]\equiv {F}_2\left({Q}^{\prime}\right)\ \left({x}^{\prime }={H}_{\mathrm{w}}^{\prime}\right).\end{array}\right.\kern0.5em $$
(19)
F1(Q) indicates that as Q increases from 0, it will converge to a constant flux, satisfying F1 = 0, which is shown to be always less than \( {Q}_{\mathrm{in}}^{\prime }/\alpha \). This condition indicates that pressure will increase while \( {x}^{\prime }<{H}_{\mathrm{w}}^{\prime } \), due to the increasing mass of gas within the chamber. When \( {x}^{\prime }={H}_{\mathrm{w}}^{\prime } \), the quadratic function F2(Q) controls the behavior of Eq. (19). We set Γ to equal 0 or 0.86 (Table 1), so that 1 − Γ > 0 is always satisfied. The discriminant of F2(Q) is given by
$$ D={\left(G-\alpha \right)}^2-4\ {Q}_{\mathrm{in}}^{\prime }{\mu}^{\prime}\left(1-\varGamma \right). $$
(20)
When G > α, Q is unstable because for Q > 0, F2 is always positive and monotonically increases. Therefore, Q increases consistently and will not converge on a fixed value. When G < α and D < 0, F2 is always positive and Qcontinuously increases. If D > 0, Q increases and converges on a value that satisfies F2 = 0. The boundary defining whether or not Q will continuously increase (G < α and D = 0) is a function of Qin and Vc and is shown in Fig. 4c. Compared with the experimental data, we find that STW are observed above this boundary. The same boundary, calculated without including the surface tension term (Γ = 0), is also shown in Fig. 4c. Our results indicate that this boundary is sensitive to the effective viscosity used in the model.
Calculation method
Equations (1), (6), (10), and (11) are solved numerically using the Runge–Kutta method (Fig. 8). Here we use dimensional variables to allow direct comparisons with experimental data. The values of L, x, Q, and p at the beginning of a cycle are referred to as "initial values" and are indicated by the subscript i. Sequential photographs in which a liquid slug is reproduced at the bottom of the pipe indicate that L∗i and xi are equal to 2 mm. Parameter Qi is assumed to be 0, meaning that pi represents the hydrostatic pressure in the pipe (pi = ρgL∗i). The transition from slug-to-annular flow is regarded as occurring at L = 0, and slug reconstruction is assumed to begin immediately. The time required to form a new liquid slug is calculated by considering the conservation of liquid volume in the pipe. The new liquid slug grows as it is fed by downward film flow at a constant volume flux of ∣(1 − α)W∣. When it reaches a volume of πr2L∗i, slug reconstruction is completed and a new STW cycle begins.
Fig. 8
Example of numerical results for Qin = 0.15 cm3/s and Vc = 180 cm3; black solid line is for ξ = 1.11 × 106 (Γ = 0.86) and dotted line is for ξ = 0 (Γ = 0). Time=0 corresponds to the time when slug flow starts to ascend. a Excess pressure. b Head position of the liquid slug. Blue line indicates Hw. c Flux in the pipe. d Total liquid slug length
The model periodicity is defined by the duration from a completion of liquid slug formation to the next. For comparison with the experimental results, the model amplitude is evaluated using RMS. We removed the mean pressure change before calculating RMS.
Periodic STW and non-STW
Examples of the numerical results are shown in Figs. 8 (one cycle of STW) and 9a (periodic STW). The calculated period and RMS values are indicated in Fig. 4a, b by broken lines. They are smaller than the experimental results by a factor of 2 to 3. We suggest that this discrepancy results from the development of surface disturbances during downward film flow, which effectively increases the growth rate of the liquid slug length (dL/dt). To test this hypothesis, we applied a model with an arbitrarily large w (average downward film velocity) so as to magnify dL/dt. When using a larger value of w that is 1.6 times that calculated by Eq. (23), the model fits both the trend and magnitude of the period and RMS of the experimental results under conditions producing periodic STW (Fig. 4a, b, solid lines). However, the model still overestimates the period and RMS, especially under non-STW conditions. This discrepancy may be explained by our choice to disregard a layered structure by assuming only one large liquid slug, L (Fig. 7a), exists. The period of pressure change is better correlated with successive reconstruction and/or burst cycles of the layered structure (Fig. 6b).
Fig. 9
Numerical results with random initial conditions for each cycle. a Periodic pressure cycle with constant initial conditions. b Initial liquid slug length varied in the range 0.1–1.0 mm. c Liquid slug growth rate varied by setting 1–5 times larger value of w for 0.5 s after 2 s from the beginning of each cycle. d Slug reconstruction site varied in the range 0–180 mm from the bottom of the pipe assuming halfway reconstruction
Nonperiodic STW
Our model cannot explain nonperiodic STW (Figs. 3e and 6c) as each cycle is assumed to start with the same initial values. Figure 6c (e.g., t = 74 – 75 s) shows slug reconstruction within the middle of the pipe (hereafter termed "halfway reconstruction"), which is only observed during nonperiodic STW. We infer that large surface disturbances, resulting from violent liquid slug membrane rupturing under large Qin, grow rapidly and induce halfway reconstruction.
Figure 9b–d shows the waveforms and periodicities with variable initial conditions among different cycles. STW cycles are stable provided


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PINETOP, Ariz. — Biologists from multiple agencies working on the Mexican Wolf Interagency Field Team (IFT) have been surveying Mexican wolf end-of-year population numbers since Nov. 1, 2021. Those surveys are expected to continue through Feb. 2.
Population numbers are essential for the Mexican wolf due to the subspecies' status as an endangered species.
Ground counts of wolf packs and single wolves in Arizona and New Mexico began Nov. 1. The ground count is conducted in November and December, and that period is followed by an aerial count and capture operation conducted by the IFT using helicopter and fixed-wing aircraft. The dates for the upcoming aerial count and capture operation are Jan. 21 through Feb. 2, weather permitting. Agency personnel will be limited for this year's aerial operation, and numerous precautions will be implemented to limit the exposure to and possible spread of COVID-19.
Residents of Alpine, Ariz., and Reserve and Magdalena, N.M., and surrounding areas may notice several daily flights of a low-flying helicopter over their communities during this period, as biologists conduct their annual wolf population survey and capture. Survey flights will occur on the Fort Apache Indian Reservation, Apache-Sitgreaves, Cibola and Gila national forests in eastern Arizona and western New Mexico, and possibly on some areas immediately outside the forests.
The IFT is in the process of contacting private landowners for permission to land on their property to capture a wolf, if necessary, and is coordinating with land management agencies and county sheriff offices on survey operation details. Details of the 2021 wolf population census are anticipated to be available in March 2022.


I've got a strange problem with our terminal servers. Here in the office we run two terminal servers that both employees inside the office at their workstations and outside the office at home and abroad connect to for work.
A user connected to a remote session on the terminal server from a workstation inside the same LAN can stay connected indefinitely until he/she terminates the connection, even if they sit idle for a while (which is how it should be).
However, it's a different story for users connecting from the outside WAN world. A WAN terminal server connection will be automatically terminated if they sit idle for a few minutes.
I tested this by moving my computer from inside our LAN to a DMZ, connecting it to an extra port on the router and thus going around the LAN so it's seen as a box from the WAN. Sure enough, my terminal services connection died after I sat idle for a few minutes. Rejoined the LAN, and it stayed connected indefinitely.
So what could cause this difference between WAN and LAN terminal services connections? How can I change things so that a user from the WAN can stay connected to our terminal servers without being booted for idle time?


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The Jew's Harp: Vibrating Through Many Cultures
Designed by: Christina Black
The Jew's harp is played in many cultures around the world. Students learn about the different roles of a Jew's Harp from dance music to musical speech. Students also learn about the history, styles, and origin of this interesting instrument.
Suggested Grade Levels: 3-5, 6-8
Country: United States, Ireland, Tuva, Papua New Guinea
Region: English, Irish, Asian
Culture Group: English, Irish, Asian
Genre: World
Instruments: Jew's Harp
Language: English
Co-Curricular Areas: Geography, History
National Standards: 2, 3, 6, 8, 9
Prerequisites: None
 - Identify the Jew's harp
 - Listen to examples of the metal and bamboo Jew's harp
 - Compare the sound of different types of Jew's harps
 - Listen to an example of imitating nature using the Jew's Harp
 - Create an imitation of nature using instruments or body percussion
 - Dance to the music of the Jew's harp
 - Identify the location and environment of Tuva
 - Listen to speech through the Jew's harp
 - Have a musical conversation with someone
 - Transfer the patterns of speech into rhythm
Lesson Segments:
 1. The Jew's Harp Description and Examples (National Standards 6, 8, 9)
 2. The Jew's Harp in Tuva (National Standards 2, 3, 6, 9)
 3. Communication Through the Jew's Harp in Tuva and Thailand (National Standards 2, 3, 6, 9)
1. The Jew's Harp Description and Examples
Click to view recording details
"Shortnin' Bread"
from The Folkways Years, _PHONE_ (1991) | SFW40033
Click to view recording details
"Gaima plays the bamboo jew's harp"
from Bosavi: Rainforest Music from Papua New Guinea (2001) | SFW40487
Click to view recording details
"On the Road to the Fair"
from Irish Popular Dances (1951) | FW06818
 1. The Jew's harp is a small instrument made of wood (bamboo) or metal.
 1. The metal variety has a frame shaped like a horseshoe with extended parallel ends
 1. Between these ends is a thin piece of metal called the tongue that vibrates when the end (trigger) is struck
 2. Show students examples of metal and bamboo Jew's harps which can be found freely available online.
Jew's harps
 1. The instrument is played by placing the parallel ends of the metal loosely between the front teeth while vibrating the metal tongue with a finger.
 1. The wooden variety has a piece of thin wood, or lamella, attached to a cord that is pulled by the player to create the vibration
 2. Jew's harps can only play one base pitch that the player can alter by changing the shape of his or her mouth
 2. Jew's harps have been around since the Middle Ages.
 1. The origin of the name "Jew's harp" is not known; some scholars have explained the name as a mistaken translation of "jaw" harp or "juice" harp
 2. There is no indication that the origin of the Jew's harp was connected with Judaism or the Jewish people
 3. In England and Scotland, the instrument is called a "Trump" or a "Jew's Trump"
 1. There are hundreds of names worldwide for the Jew's harp and many of them translate to "mouth harp" in English
 2. The Italian name, "Scacciapensieri" means "drives away thoughts" or "pastime"; this translation gives an indication of how the instrument is used in parts of the world
 3. It is also used for communication, spiritual ceremonies and connection with nature
 4. 4. This small but unique instrument is used to make many different types of music around the world
 3. Listen to the example of Sonny Terry, an African-American from the United States, playing "Shortnin' Bread" on a metal Jew's harp.
 4. Now listen to Gaima playing a bamboo Jew's harp, or uluna, as it is called in the rainforest of Papua New Guinea where he lives.
 1. Gaima's songs often imitate the sound of an insect or bird he has heard
 2. Children in Papua New Guinea make a sound similar to the Jew's harp by attaching a live sago beetle to a small piece of bamboo
 1. The beetle hangs in front of the mouth while the player makes vocal sounds to its buzzing wing beats
 5. Compare the sound of the metal and bamboo Jew's harp.
 1. Discuss the difference in the style of the example from the United States and the one from Papua New Guinea
 6. h. The music of the Jew's harp is danced to in many cultures.
 1. Often, dancers would need to dance without shoes so their feet did not make more sound than the Jew's harp
 7. Listen to the Irish recording "On the Road to the Fair" of a hornpipe played on a Jew's harp and a guitar.
 1. A hornpipe is a lively dance that includes hops, stomps, and imitations of sailors' movements â€" pulling ropes, looking out to sea and climbing the rigging
 2. Try taking off your shoes and dancing a hornpipe while you listen to "On the Road to the Fair"
What words did you use to describe the sound of the metal Jew's harp and the bamboo Jew's harp? How would you describe the style of Gaima's music compared to "Shortnin' Bread"? What sailor movements did you add to your hornpipe dance?
2. The Jew's Harp in Tuva
Click to view recording details
"Xomuz (Jew's Harp) Imitating Water"
from Tuva, Among the Spirits: Sound, Music, and Nature in Sakha and Tuva (1998) | SFW40452
"Talking Xomuz"
 1. Tuva is a small region northwest of Mongolia in Asia.
 1. Show "Map of Tuva" liner notes from TUVA Voices from the Center of Asia (SFW40017), p. 2
 2. Tuva is mostly rural and herding is still a primary occupation.
 1. Tuvan's live on steppes, which are grassy treeless plains
 2. The climate is very severe with temperatures reaching over 100° in some areas in summer and -30° or lower in the winter
 3. Traditionally, many Tuvan's were nomads and travelled with their herds
 4. Many Tuvan people live in yurts, which are cloth covered wooden frames
 5. Living with nature and its sounds is expressed by Tuvans through their music
 1. The Jew's harp, or Xomuz, as it is known in Tuva is often used to imitate sounds from nature
Click to enlarge
 1. Listen to an example from Tuva, Among the Spirits of the Xomuz imitating the sounds of flowing and dripping water.
 1. Use an instrument or body percussion or your voice to imitate something from nature
 2. Students can work in groups to create the sound of a rainstorm
 3. Try using a soprano recorder to imitate the call of a bird that you know
How were you able to imitate sounds from nature? What method and sound did you choose?
3. Communication Through the Jew's Harp in Tuva and Thailand
 1. The Xomuz is also used by the Tuvans as an expression of human speech.
 1. Often secret messages were sent using the Xomuz or Jew's harp to those who could figure out the meaning of the words as they are played through the instrument
 2. Listen to "Talking Xomuz," a song that is sung and then played on the Jew's harp.
 On my soft-voices xomuz
 I play for the multitudes
 Among them sits a girl
 Who pretends not to notice me.
 3. In Thailand, a Jew's harp, or hroong, made of brass or bamboo, was used in courtship.
 1. If a young man was visiting his girlfriend in the evening and her whole family was there, he could use the quiet sounds of the Jew's harp to speak to her in a disguised way
 2. The tongue of the Jew's harp can be tapped to match the syllables of the words that someone may want to communicate to another
 3. The mouth can make the shape of words and disguise them with the vibration of the tongue
 4. Listen to "Ta' Manh Ruamchit, hroong bamboo Jew's harp", a song of court


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The California FreshWorks program, a $273M healthy food financing initiative launched by a coalition of public and private partners led by the California Endowment, engaged Pacific Community Ventures, the Sarah Samuels Center, and other researchers to evaluate the health, social, and economic impact of FreshWorks.
Pacific Community Ventures and the research team conducted interviews with FreshWorks investors, key partners, and other stakeholders to document the development and implementation of FreshWorks, identify the types of impact the program was seeking to support, and explore key challenges and opportunities to improve FreshWorks.
Pacific Community Ventures and the research team developed a comprehensive evaluation approach that included a robust set of metrics and processes for assessing FreshWorks' impact that provided insights into the extent to which FreshWorks was providing fresh food access and driving positive social and economic outcomes within underserved communities.
Pacific Community Ventures and the research team published three public reports documenting the impact of the FreshWorks program and its development and implementation. These Include:
- California FreshWorks: A Case Study Examining the Development and Implementation of FreshWorks
- The Social and Economic Impacts of FreshWorks
- California FreshWorks Food Access Report
The FreshWorks team has conducted a statewide market analysis and capital needs study to address the evaluation's recommendations for improving FreshWorks, and to develop a business plan that evolves FreshWorks into a statewide, multi-lender platform for investment in healthy food projects across California.


SWI Inquiry: Spelling "Hear" vs "Heard"
My friend, Q., had a question, "Why is "heard" spelled that way?" Hmm. I don't know why! What an interesting question, Q.!!! What we do know is that "heard" is the past of "hear" and we know that it is not spelled hear + ed-> *heared.
What is the reasoning behind the spelling of ?
First, let's look at both words:
We note that although appears in both words, there is a stem vowel shift as we say the words aloud: "hear"/"heard" although they both contain the letter strings ; the words are pronounced differently.
Might this signal that these words come from Old English? I know from my class with Rebecca Loveless that there are Old English-derived strong (showing an action or state of being or feeling) verbs that mark the past tense with a stem vowel shift, such as "eat/ate"; "run/ran"; "sing/sang" and ""grow/grew."
I notice that, unlike the words above, "hear" and "heard" have a vowel shift but not a letter string or grapheme shift. Hmmm. There is another example of am Old English-derived strong verb that has a vowel sound shift without a letter string or grapheme shift:
Present tense: "read"/Past tense: "read"
So, I ponder what, if anything does the "hear/heard" and "read/read" pairings have in common? They are all homophones: read/reed; read/red; hear/here; heard/herd. So, it would have been important for the scribes long ago to follow the homophone principle: "where possible, words that are pronounced the same, but are unrelated, will have different spellings to mark the differences in meaning."
So, it would have been important to have graphemes in that would signal the meaningful connection to while differentiating from .
Now, with those thoughts in mind, I will investigate and using the 4 questions of Structured Word Inquiry (Bowers & Kirby, 2010) to determine if any other new understandings come to light:
So, after considering all my current understandings, my answer to Q.'s question, "Why is "heard" spelled that way?", my hypothesis is that , as an Old English-derived strong verb, is spelled that way in order to show the meaningful connection to while differentiating from . I will continue to refine my hypothesis as I learn. Thank you, Q., for a very thought-provoking question!
Update: I wasn't feeling confident about my analysis about why is spelled that way so I continued to do research. I came across Dr. Peter Bowers' wonderful exploration of and here. His analysis taught me something new: <-d> is a non-productive suffix ( a suffix that is not currently being used to generate new words). In his etymological investigation, was historically replaced by and he is aware of the OE suffix -th (-th, according to Gina Cooke, is a verbal inflection that has been replaced by the <-s> in says. It has an <-eth> variant, like in ) so
saith-> sai + th
If is an earlier version of and <-d> is an earlier, now non-productive, suffix then
sai + d-> said
Dr. Bowers concludes, "our word sum analysis gives us evidence that and do NOT share a base, but the etymological evidence shows that they derived from the same Old English root secgan. "
That makes me update my hypothesis that is spelled that way as a result of + the now unproductive -d suffix hence
hear + d->heard
Based on my updated hypothesis and my current understanding, our word sum analysis gives us evidence that and do NOT share a base, but the etymological evidence shows that they derived from the same Old English root heran.
Thank you, Dr. Bowers, for your illuminative analysis of and for all your scholarship related to spelling and Structured Word Inquiry.
Note from Real Spellers Toolkit (Theme 2D):
 - We know that the homophones < hear > and < here > have different meanings because they are spelled differently. The one that is to do with listening shares a spelling with < ear > because that's what we listen with.
The other word is the one to do with place: < here >. It shares a spelling with the other words that are clearly about place: < there > and < where >, even though the pronunciation is different.
Peter Bowers, Structured Word Inquiry
Rebecca Loveless
Etymology Online
The Noun Project
Neil Ramsden's Mini-Matrix Maker
Real Spellers Forum and Toolbox
Gina Cooke and Lex Exchange
Oxford Dictionary
Embedding "Structured Word Inquiry" Within a Reading Lesson
After a text has been presented and discussed, ask students to select a word that interests them from a text. Guide students through the following 4 questions using the Structured Word Inquiry (Bowers & Kirby, 2010) Framework. (Note: This does not have to be explored during one sitting.)
 1. Meaning?
 2. Relatives? (Etymology)
 3. Structure? (Morphology)
 4. Pronunciation? (Grapheme/Phoneme Correspondence)
Sample Text:
"Sorry, But It Was Beautiful" by Andrew Vecchione (6th Grade Student of Kenneth Koch)
This is just to say
Sorry I took your money
And burned it.
But it looked like the world falling apart
When it crackled and burned.
So I think it was worth it.
After all
You can't see the world fall apart every day.
See the following SWI Thinksheet for a guided exploration of the student-selected word, "crackle":
SWI ThinkSheet:
One of the notable understandings for this investigation is that the suffix <-le>" is represented by the graphememarker and the phonemes /ə/ and /l/.
After the exploration, ask students for their lingering questions or provide extension activities for further study. In this case, an exploration of the -le suffix in the Oxford Dictionary showed that one meaning of this suffix is "a repetitive action." As one collects words with the -le suffix, it was noted that many of those words refer to repetitive sounds. This resulted in a sort of the words with an -le suffix (or ending, as we determined some of the words had as part of the base, not as part of the suffix) into two groups: -le words that referred to repetitive sounds and those that did not.
As a result of this investigation, there was heightened understanding of the -le suffix and future investigations to explore the -le suffix in English as it seems to have evolved (Latin -el?) or be connected to the -el suffix.
From Etymology Online, entry for -el:
-el (3)
derivational suffix, also -le, used mostly with verbs but originally also with nouns, "often denoting diminutive, repetitive, or intensive actions or events" [The Middle English Compendium], from Old English. Compare brastlian alongside berstan (see burst); nestlian (see nestle) alongside nistan). It is likely also in wrestletrampledragglestruggletwinkle, also noddle "to make frequent nods" (1733). New formations in Middle English might be native formations (jostle from joust) with this or borrowings from Dutch.
I am wondering, for example, if a word sum for (from the Middle Dutch praten, "to chatter") which would be expected to be prattle-> prat+le-> *pratle except that is not correct. The "Etymology Online" site notes in the entry for -el that in Modern English the -el suffix is represented by -el. Note that prat(t)+el->*prattel would explain the doubling but is not the correct spelling. At this point I will just consider a base based on my current understanding but I will research the -el/-le connection. (As I feel the pronunciation of the -le suffix, I realize that the first phoneme I hear is the schwa, which is a vowel. Is there any doubling rule that takes into account a suffix that starts with a vowel sound even though the suffix does not start with a vowel?) (Update: After examining the etymology of the words below here, I became aware of a class of verbs called frequentatives with in English marks its verbs with an -le or -er ending and refers to words that show some sort of small or intense repeated action. Read here and here and here. My latest understanding says that for a verb to be frequentative, it must be derived from another word with the addition of the suffix. That doesn't explain why a word like which is most likely frequentative and arising from does not follow the rules for


Dismissed: Tenants lose, landlords win in Baltimore's rent court
Once more into the breach
First, learn to distinguish the derriere from the elbow.
I find this sentence in this morning's print edition:
Watchdog first reported the breech in April, and the hole remains.
The word breech names the rump or buttocks. It's allied etymologically to break. It's where things break apart or split. The breech of a gun is the back end of the barrel. Breeches, alternatively britches, cover the rump. Or should.
Watchdog was reaching for breach, which is also related etymologically to break. To breach a thing is to break through it. That is why Henry V urges his comrades "once more unto the breach," to break through an enemy's lines or wall. The word can also be the noun for the opening in the defenses. One can also breach a contract — break it — by failing to adhere to its provisions.
There is sometimes also a confusion with broach, which means to break something open by making a hole in it. (Same root as brooch, the Middle Latin brocca, a spike or point, the thing one uses to make the hole in a container.) One broaches a keg of beer. An excellent idea. Fancy a pint?


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Home » The region's water supply » Water sources » Emigrant Creek Dam
Alert: Potentially toxic levels of blue-green algae detected in Emigrant Creek Dam. Keep up to date here...
Emigrant Creek Dam is located near Tintenbar, 11km north-west of Ballina. The water in Emigrant Creek Dam comes from a catchment that is an agricultural area with rural residential and some tourist development.
Water stored in the dam is used to supply drinking water to the Ballina and Lennox Head areas. It supplements the Rocky Creek Dam and Wilsons River supplies.
Earth-fill embankment abutments
|Year of completion
|Historic water levels
|Emigrant Creek Dam levels
|Dams safety standards
Emigrant Creek Dam was constructed between 1967 and 1968 and at that time, it provided the major water supply to Lennox Head and Ballina. In 1998 these areas were connected to the Rous County Council supply system however Rous County Council continued to use Emigrant Creek Dam to supplement their other sources.
In 2002 the dam was upgraded to new design standards so that it would safely withstand the "Probable Maximum Flood" - this is the volume of water flowing into the catchment from the largest flood event likely to occur. This would theoretically create about 5.5 metres of water flowing over the spillway. The upgrade involved raising the embankments, reinforcing the spillway and anchoring it to bedrock about 30 metres below the creek bed.
Emigrant Creek Dam is used to supplement the Rocky Creek Dam and Wilsons River supplies. Rocky Creek Dam is used for preference as it has the lowest operating costs. The other sources are brought on-line as the storage level in Rocky Creek Dam drops to help secure our water supply and avoid water restrictions.
Emigrant Creek Dam has a capacity of 820 mega litres at full supply level. The dam wall is 13 metres high and 140 metres long and is made up of about 6,000 tonnes of rock, soil, concrete and steel. Water is released via an integrated spillway which is designed to discharge 950 cubic meters of water per second under probable maximum flood conditions. The highest observed level at the reservoir was two metres above the spillway on July 9, 1985, corresponding to an outflow of 280 cubic metres per second.
The dam also releases environmental flows through two valves in the base of the dam. These are intended to mimic the natural flow patterns of the creek and minimise the impact on water quality downstream of the dam.
Emigrant Creek Water Treatment Plant is located adjacent to the dam. The plant starts and stops based on demand from the reservoirs in the supply network. When required, water is pumped directly from the dam into the plant for treatment.
For safety reasons, and to protect our water quality, there is no public access to the dam structure or lake. You can view the dam from a lookout at the end of the Water Walk which is accessed from Killen Falls Drive. There is also a walk that takes you to Killen Falls as well as car-parking facilities and picnic facilities. There are no toilets at this site. Learn more about the walks at Emigrant Creek Dam here.
The dam has a de-stratification (aeration) system. This system mixes the water in the dam, preventing layers of different temperatures or oxygen levels from developing within the water column. De-stratification reduces conditions favoured by blue green algae and prevents the bottom of the dam becoming anaerobic. Dissolved Oxygen and Temperature are measured at various locations in the dam each week to ensure the water is properly aerated and mixed. Water samples are also tested for blue-green algae weekly with increased testing in the event of an algal bloom. If a medium to high level algal bloom occurs, affected residents will be notified by phone and warning signs erected around the dam and at Kirklands Crossing. Further information about blue-green algae management and current NSW alerts is available from the NSW Office of Water.


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The Motoplat VC-014DS parts tester combines two devices:
a stator winding tester and a rectifier tester.
Once the stator is connected, the VC-014DS only take a view seconds to identify the phase connections and then checks the windings for any short circuits or connection failures.
The rectifier test includes checking the circuit connections and measuring their operability.
All the above mentioned data and results will appear on a LCD touch screen.
This small and light weighted tester was developed according to the requirements of service stations and works without any additional testing or measuring devises.


How do I call an.MSI within another.MSI?
Article:HOWTO5524 | Created: 2006-10-20 | Updated: 2009-08-20 | Article URL
Article Type
How To
How do I call an.MSI from within another.MSI?
You can either call _URL_ containing.MSI within the USER Interface or within a finish dialog.
1.) Add an Execute Program from Destination action. You will call msiexec.exe and pass the command line. If you wanted to call the.MSI silently, then you can pass the following command line: /i /q
2.) You would use the Execute Program from Installation custom action to execute the.EXE containing the.MSI.
3.) The better option is to create your own.EXE wrapper and then call the.MSI's in the desired order using Wisescript.
Legacy ID
Article URL
Terms of use for this information are found in Legal Notices


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Yes, there are headsets that are compatible with the Mac. It is possible to get them to work. You will need to go to the settings with the headset plugged in. Click on the device you want to use from the list to the output/input tab.
- Does any USB C work with MacBook Pro?
- Why do my headphones not work on my MacBook Pro?
- Do Macs use USB-C?
- Does MacBook have USB-C port?
- Can I use USB-C to charge MacBook Pro?
- Does MacBook Pro have audio jack?
- Why does the sound on my Mac only work with headphones?
- Does MacBook have earphone jack?
- Is Thunderbolt and USB-C the same?
- Does a MacBook Pro have a USB port?
- Which is faster USB A or C?
Does any USB C work with MacBook Pro?
If you have a Mac, you can charge your notebook with any of the power sources that come with the computer. If you want to charge your Mac notebook, you should use the power adapter and cable.
Why do my headphones not work on my MacBook Pro?
The port will not recognize your headphones or speakers if they are covered in dust or fluff. If that doesn't work, try blowing the dust off the jack and the port on your Mac to see if you can fix it. Hold the volume buttons at the same time as you put the headphones back in. The volume controls on your headphones need to be checked.
Do Macs use USB-C?
This port can be used with displays and other devices that use the same cable as the MacBook. You can charge your notebook computer with the help of a power source. There is a way to connect a device that doesn't connect to this port.
Does MacBook have USB-C port?
The new Macs have a pair of ports for connecting to the internet. There are a few other tricks that the usb-c has to offer. The new MacBook Pro was announced by Apple. The new 13- and 15-inch laptops have the same ports as their predecessors.
Can I use USB-C to charge MacBook Pro?
If you want to charge your Mac with a cable, you can use any of the ports on the Thunderbolt 4. The MagSafe 3 port and the Thunderbolt 4 port are only used for one port at a time, so you won't get a faster charging experience.
Does MacBook Pro have audio jack?
Apple says the new MacBook Pro models have the "best audio system in a notebook" with the upgrade to the speaker system. High-impedance headphones can now be supported by the 3.5mm jack.
Why does the sound on my Mac only work with headphones?
If your headphones don't work properly, there's a problem with your jack. The internal switch that tells the system which audio device to connect to is probably being shorted.
Does MacBook have earphone jack?
Apple says that the new 14-inch MacBook Pro and revised 16-inch MacBook Pro will work with low- and high-impedance headphones.
Is Thunderbolt and USB-C the same?
The following is a list of the five things. What is the name of the port? They're both universal, but they aren't the same. There are a number of features that make the Thunderbolt ports stand out from the rest of the USB-C ports.
Does a MacBook Pro have a USB port?
The ports will come back with the new MacBook Pro. Apple has added a MagSafe 3 port for charging in addition to the threeusb-c ports it already has. If the cable gets caught on something, MagSafe will make sure your laptop doesn't fly.
Which is faster USB A or C?
It is possible to charge devices up to 20 times faster with a universal serial bus connection. It is possible to deliver 100 watt of power to compatible devices with the help of the usb-c ports.


Beecroft Building Oxford University
Everyone in architecture or space design is aware of the stunning 8,950sqm Beecroft Physics building at Oxford University, named for Adrian Beecroft, the venture capitalist, one of the major donors for the project.
The Beecroft building is unquestionably a masterpiece of architectural design but, as recognised in the 2019 RIBA awards, it is also a building that goes "beyond architecture" to become a living, breathing, ecosystem of thinking and collaboration.
Professor John Wheater spoke of his vision for the building, explaining that there was a need for a building that allowed "space for people to work in a modern way". He goes on to explain that "One of the basic criteria for this very interactive building was for researchers to be able to see when there were groups of people sitting around talking about science."
With an aim to provide spaces that promoted spontaneous collaboration and sharing between physicists, the Beecroft building incorporates large curved chalkboards on collaborative mezzanine discussion areas between floors, constructed from Sundeala VES Chalkboard surface laminated directly to the substrate to ensure the boards are able to sustain a lifetime of daily use.
Professor Wheater does note that while the collaboration spaces were immediately popular with younger scientists, it took the older scientists longer to utilise the areas. Nevertheless, groups of all ages are now using the space enthusiastically, demonstrating that 'modern' space design has omnigenerational benefits.
Image Credit: Jack Hobhouse
Due to the building height restrictions of central Oxford which dictate a building may not be more than 18m in height, the Beecroft building reaches 16m underground with four floors of experimental physics laboratory space balanced perfectly on a system of hydraulics to dampen vibrations to 'the width of a few atoms' (i). The laboratories are temperature controlled to within a tenth of a degree and are intended to house extremely sensitive atomic-level experimentation.
While theoretical physicists are renowned for their love of chalk surfaces to write and explore ideas, dust particles from chalk preclude this in experimental physics spaces. It is, however, interesting to note that, even in this most cutting edge technological environment, the humble writing surface was still specified into the core design of the building.
Sundeala vitreous enameled steel whiteboards are fitted throughout the four floors of experimental physics laboratories, not only due to their market-leading quality but also for their lifetime surface guarantee. Once the laboratories were in use, the avoidance of any construction or maintenance that could disrupt the sensitive experiments is key.
Writing surfaces inherently foster collaboration. Displaying ideas, thoughts and data in a way that anyone can add their thoughts and extend the ideas at a second's notice without having to connect digital technologies means that collaborations can evolve over days and weeks, between dozens of individuals.
More Case Studies


When Is the MUGA Scan More Useful Than Other Tests?
When Is the MUGA Scan More Useful Than Other Tests?
A multigated acquisition scan is used to determine whether blood is flowing through the heart properly, which allows physicians to localize damage to the heart to a single location, according to About.com. MUGA scans are conducted on cancer patients to assess damage to the heart caused by chemotherapy, says Cancer.net.
By being able to centralize damage to one area, physicians are able to diagnose heart issues and move along with treatment in a less experimental fashion, according to About.com. A MUGA scan utilizes a moving image to scan the ventricles of the lower chambers of the heart, the chambers that are most responsible for pumping blood through the heart. The scan is noninvasive, allowing it to be used repeatedly where other tests require invasive procedures.
The patient is injected with specialized red blood cells to highlight certain areas in the image, as claimed by About.com. Technetium 99, a radioactive substance, is added to the red blood cells in order to make those highlights appear. The red blood cells localize themselves to the chambers of the heart while the gamma camera the patient is placed under picks up on the radiation the red blood cells give off. The radiologist uses the outline the red blood cells create in a specialized computer software to create a moving image of the heart pumping blood.


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Sexual Abuse and Human Trafficking Prevention and Safety
Sudbury Women's Centre (SWC) helps in cases of sexual abuse and human trafficking prevention and safety; however, we are seeing in increased need for safe intervention strategies where girls and women are concerned.
Victims and/or survivors are at-risk due to a number of factors, including gender, ethnicity, age, low income, addictions and mental health concerns, and physical health. From the Government of Canada's National Consultations Discussion Paper – The Way Forward to End Human Trafficking: "The populations at greatest risk of trafficking are those exposed to a number of overlapping risk factors in their lives and those who are among more disadvantaged or marginalized groups. Children, adolescent girls, and women tend to be most at risk of sexual trafficking and exploitation."
From the statistics identified by the HTNCC, the latest Juristat on Trafficking in Persons in Canada (July 2017, Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics) indicates that between 2009 and 2016, 95% of human trafficking victims in Canada were female, 70% were women under the age of 25, and one quarter were under 18 (25%).
COVID-19 has highlighted a need for intervention in situations that are happening amidst the pandemic. When home is the safest place for many, that is not always the case for these women. We are here to help. If you or someone you know may be in trouble, please reach out to one of our Client Support Workers to plan for your safety.


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created clay slips from a mixture of clays and minerals. The clay slips were then used to decorate the pottery. By the fourth century, a broad range of colors including yellow, purple, red, and orange were being made. However, some Mayan painters refrained from using many colors and used only black, red, and occasionally cream. This series of ceramics is termed the "Codex-style", it being similar to the style of the Pre-Columbian books.
From the 5th century AD onwards, post-firing stucco was adopted from Teotihuacan. By preparing a thin quicklime, the Maya added mineral pigments that would dissolve and create rich blues and greens that added to their artistic culture. Many times this post-fire stucco technique was mixed with painting and incising. Incising is carving deeply or lightly into partially dried clay to create fine detailed designs. This technique was mostly popular during the Early Classic Period.


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SMART Document Camera
Turn real objects into digital content with the SMART Document Camera. It's a great way to demonstrate, explore and understand– even when concepts are abstract or complex.
- Sharp, detailed imagesNow you can view images and videos in greater detail, thanks to the 5 megapixel (MP) camera, 80x zoom and 1080 video resolution.
- Record Audio & VideoThe built in microphone enables easy video and audio recording to create multimedia content for lessons and student presentations.
- Share images across distanceUse the document camera with video conferencing software like Bridgit conferencing software to share images with students outside your classroom.
- Explore in 3DUse the document camera's Mixed Reality Tools and a digital marker to view objects in 3D. It's a hands-on experience that offers new perspectives.
- Take learning anywhere The new SMART Document Camera is ready when you are. Just fold up the flexible arm and go.
Capture images and create multimedia lessons
Create more engaging lesson content by easily capturing images, video and audio with the SMART Document Camera. It's all easy – access the document camera from your SMART Notebook lesson with just one touch. You can even take a video of a science experiment with the document camera, save it on USB and use it in your next class and students can record their demonstrations during presentations for later review.
The SMART Document Camera is a perfect fit with other SMART products because you can control it right from your SMART Notebook lesson – with just one touch. It's easy to show images on your SMART interactive display, LightRaise interactive projector or SMART Table interactive learning center.
Inspire students as they learn
When you can take an object – a leaf, for example – and display it for all to see, it's easier for students to understand higher-level concepts like photosynthesis. You have a visual, kinesthetic way to teach and learn.
Mixed Reality Tools included
The SMART Document Camera allows objects to be viewed in 3D through Mixed Reality Tools. This provides students with a hands-on experience that engages students of all learning styles and helps them understand complex, abstract and conceptual content.


History of Japan
This week, we cover the short yet fascinating history of Islam in Japan. What factors led to a connection between the Islamic world and Japan? Who led the efforts to build bridges between the two? And why is the history of this relationship so generally unknown?
Show notes here.
Direct download: History_of_Japan_348_mixdown.mp3
Category:History -- posted at: 4:00am PST


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Client: Waterboard Fryslân
Developments in agriculture and climate change will influence the amount and intensity of drainage in the Province of Fryslân in the Netherlands. The impact on (peak) discharges is yet unknown.
FutureWater investigated the impact of changes in drainage on discharges with the FutureView methodology.
The impact is of changes in drainage on discharges is different for the different representative areas; for some peak discharges will be reduced, but especially for clay areas peak discharges increase.
The impact on the discharge in the main canals in the Province of Fryslân is higher peak discharges and a higher frequency of peak discharges.


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First published on MSDN on Jun 01, 2015
Two previous blog posts, here and here , detail the inner workings of the new ConfigMgr 2012 application model. When properly used the application model is a capable mechanism to help administrators manage and track applications throughout their lifecycle. As administrators use and are successful with the application model their understanding of its various capabilities increase along with a willingness to investigate how the application model can be better leveraged to solve unique business scenarios. There are several places in the application model that administrators might leverage to uniquely address specific needs. This article focuses on the detection methods available for an application and how they can be used to do more than just detect whether an application is installed.
For this example, consider that Tailspin Toys has an interest in moving to the application model but, due to the need to support legacy business systems, that move is viewed as difficult. The legacy systems in question require the creation of a local 'flag' file on systems where deployments are executed to indicate to legacy systems that the deployment was successful. These 'flag' files may also contain other information relevant to the deployment.
Because of the stated requirements a decision has been made to continue repackaging and delivering deployments with the legacy package model, which has been useful to support these legacy systems historically.
If the above decision were to be made it would result in the continued use of a legacy approach to package creation and delivery and also likely lead to significant delays in updating dependent legacy systems. Instead, what options exist with the application model to solve this scenario? There is no feature of the application model that will allow deploying a 'flag' file as part of application deployment after all! If limiting only to 'in box' options as described that statement is correct. With some inventive thinking, though, the application model is fully capable of solving this scenario.
From the title of this article it is obvious that discussion will focus on the detection methods available in the application model. Before getting into details of the example scenario a review of the options available for detection is useful.
Application detection methods are used to determine whether the application is installed. If an application is deployed to a system where it is already present, then a properly configured detection method will find that application and the application reinstall will be avoided. If the application is not present it will be installed and the configured detection method will be used to verify the installation once complete. An install that can be verified by the detection method will be viewed as successful while an install that cannot be verified with the configured detection method will be seen as a failure. For required application installs the detection method will be reevaluated every 7 days (be default and changeable in client settings) to confirm the application remains installed. If the application is still installed no further action is taken. If the required application is no longer installed it is reinstalled.
There are four categories of options that can be used for a detection method – MSI, File/Folder, Registry and Script.
An MSI detection method leverages the unique product ID of an MSI application to determine if that application has been installed. In addition to the product ID it is possible to also configure a version check. For a manufacturer supplied MSI this method is reliable. For applications that have been repackaged into an MSI take care to make sure the configured detection method is actually configured to detect the installed application rather than the repackaged MSI. Failure to do so can lead to failure or inaccuracy in other areas of the application model.
For applications other than MSI's or if a detection method is preferred that does not rely on the MSI then file system based detection is an option. With this option it is possible to configure detection of specific files and folders that must be present in order to consider the application installed.
Most modern applications will write to the registry during install. If this is the case for the application being deployed the registry can be a very useful choice for detection method. Detection logic configured here can focus on any registry hive – HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT, HKEY_CURRENT_CONFIG, HKEY_CURRENT_USER, HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE or HKEY_USERS – and configuration can focus on a specific key or a specific value.
Scripts – the ultimate in flexibility! If a detection method is needed that is beyond what can be delivered with other options detection scripts provide a great solution. There are three supported scripting languages – VBScript, PowerShell and Jscript. The script window isn't much of an editor so use an external editor to build the script and, when ready, paste into ConfigMgr.
With script the detection options are almost infinite and it is scripts that are the solution to the scenario described earlier. The scenario details specify that a 'flag' file be created to indicate that an application is installed. If the application is not installed the 'flag' file should not be present. In addition, the contents of the 'flag' file need to contain certain detail. A scripted detection method is the perfect solution to not only handle detecting the application in a more modern and sophisticated way but also can handle creation or deletion of the 'flag' file depending on the results of the detection.
Two script examples are show – the first and more complete one was built using VBScript. The second and bare bones script was built using PowerShell.
Putting it all together
Bear in mind that there is no requirement to only use one type of detection. Mix and match as much as needed between MSI, file/folder and registry. Note that with script there is no ability to add other options. Whatever the choice bear in mind to avoid creating detection logic that is unnecessarily time consuming.
Finally, the scenario described is but one example scenario. Many more scenarios exist that may not exactly fit within the application model on first inspection but with additional thought many things are very workable.


Inverts the transform.
Name Type Description
When you invert a transform, a rotation clockwise becomes an identical rotation anti-clockwise. A translation to the left becomes a translation to the right. A zoom in becomes a zoom out.
Note that not every transform can be inverted. If you specify a magnification of zero, you have shrunk your world space to a point. In this case, it is not possible to invert the transform to get the original back again. However, this kind of transform is uncommon in the real world and normally only occurs as a result of programming errors.
If you apply the invert method to a non-invertable transform, the transform will remain unmodified.
Here, we add some text rotated at 45 degrees anti-clockwise around the middle of the document. We then invert the transform and draw some more text. Because the transform has been inverted, the text now appears rotated 45 degrees clockwise.
Set theDoc = Server.CreateObject("ABCpdf11.Doc")
theDoc.FontSize = 72
theDoc.Rect = "0 0 999 999"
theDoc.Pos = "302 396"
theDoc.Transform.Rotate 45, 302, 396
theDoc.AddText "45 Degrees"
theDoc.Pos = "302 396"
theDoc.AddText "Inverted"
theDoc.Save "c:\mypdfs\transforminvert.pdf"


text: This paper considers probabilistic estimation of a low-rank matrix from non-linear element-wise measurements of its elements. We derive the corresponding approximate message passing (AMP) algorithm and its state evolution. Relying on non-rigorous but standard assumptions motivated by statistical physics, we characterize the minimum mean squared error (MMSE) achievable information theoretically and with the AMP algorithm. Unlike in related problems of linear estimation, in the present setting the MMSE depends on the output channel only trough a single parameter - its Fisher information. We illustrate this striking finding by analysis of submatrix localization, and of detection of communities hidden in a dense stochastic block model. For this example we locate the computational and statistical boundaries that are not equal for rank larger than four.


text:
Estimation of the unsteady lift coefficient of subsonic propeller blades in non-axial inflow.
Abstract:ESDU 96027 provides a program for calculating the unsteady local lift coefficient on an aerofoil section of the blade in subcritical flow. This forms part of the data input required by the propeller noise prediction program introduced in ESDU 11005. The orientation of the propeller axis is described by the Euler angles of yaw and pitch relative to the flight axis. The method is applicable to an aircraft on a straight, steady flight path that need not be horizontal. The input format is explained and a worked example illustrates the format of the output data.
- Aircraft Noise
- Noise Prediction for Aerospace Sources
- Propeller Noise
- Unsteady Aerodynamics
|Data Item ESDU 96027|
This program is only available to subscribers.


: User enters a number. The input can be controlled with minimum and maximums. You can specify a Step Size to require that the input be divisible by the specified value. Snap Interval is the amount that a number is increased or decreased by pressing the up or down button respectively. The Step Size value should be a multiple of the Snap Interval value unless Snap Interval is 0. The user-selected number is entered into the variable.
 - Numeric Interval: User selects a number and an item from a list. The list item has a numeric value. The value entered into the variable is the result of the multiplication. For example, if a user selects 2 and selects High (with high having a value of 3), the value is 6 in the variable.
 - Separator: A separator is a graphical way to separate sections in the user input form.
 - Text Area: User enters a large amount of text. The text is entered into the variable.
 - Text Input: User enters text input. Allowed entries can be controlled with regular expressions. The user input is entered into the variable.
 - Time: User selects a time from a drop-down list. The input can be subject to restrictions.
Most parameter types provide Options for specifying read-only values that help users understand how to configure the parameters when deploying an action. The following example shows the read-only values that you can specify for Text Input. The Preview section shows how the settings appear to users who deploy an action that uses the package.
Figure 5: Parameter options
Read-only values
Note that the Provide Help Text content appears as a tooltip when a user hovers over Information Info:
Figure 6: Provide Help Text
Provide Help Text


text:
Applied Virtual Environments: Applications of Virtual Environments to Government, Military and Business Organizations
Virtual environments (VEs) such as Second Life or World of Warcraft can be more than entertainment; they also offer new ways to test concepts and prototypes, train employees, and anticipate actions of an opponent. The U.S. military and other government organizations are applying VEs to support achieving training, operational, and rehearsal objectives. Business enterprises are starting to use virtual realities to lower costs and increase capabilities. This paper provides a systematic characterization and analysis of the features of VEs that improve organizational effectiveness. The paper describes: first, the key elements of a virtual world; second, the Use Modes or methods by which virtual worlds can be used to achieve a wide range of business or military objectives; third, a categorization of the wide range of application areas to which VEs can be applied; and lastly, the current limitations, emerging opportunities, and future research recommendations for using VEs to achieve organizational objectives.
Government, Business, Military, Computer-supported collaborative work, Virtual reality
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
The full website for the Journal of Virtual Worlds Research can be found at: _URL_


text:
Wisconsin Economic Development Corporation Tours Nelson & Pade, Inc.® for Manufacturing Month
As part of Manufacturing Month, WEDC officials toured our headquarters in Montello yesterday and had the opportunity to meet with the company's employees, learn more about the company's innovative Clear Flow Aquaponic Systems®, and see firsthand what has made our company successful.
For over 30 years, we have helped people from around the world get started and become successful in aquaponic food production. We accomplish this by providing comprehensive training, science-based, Clear Flow Aquaponic Systems®, and long-term grower support. To date, people from 103 countries and all 50 U.S. states have travelled to our state-of-the-art demonstration facility in Montello to attend our Aquaponics Master Class®.
"When combined with controlled environment agriculture, aquaponics can be used to grow large quantities of high-quality food in relatively small spaces in an environmentally friendly way," says Rebecca Nelson, co-founder and co-owner. "It is more important than ever to utilize methods of cultivating food that are safe and sustainable and result in food that is healthful and free of contamination."
Our Clear Flow Aquaponic Systems® allow growers to produce food year-round in any environment, using a proven system designed and built in Wisconsin. Unlike traditional agriculture, Clear Flow Aquaponic Systems® use one-sixth of the water to sustainably grow eight times more food per acre, without the use of pesticides, herbicides or chemical fertilizers.
Earlier this year, we joined WEDC's "Made In Wisconsin" Program, which provides Wisconsin's companies with a marketing tool and an official "Made In Wisconsin" logo, to help showcase the origin and quality of our products. At yesterday's event, Tricia Braun, Deputy Secretary and COO of WEDC presented our company founders Rebecca Nelson and John Pade with their Made In Wisconsin plaque to honor their commitment to Wisconsin and participation in the program.
"Wisconsin has a long, rich history of manufacturing with companies such as Nelson & Pade," says WEDC Deputy Secretary and COO Tricia Braun. "We are pleased to support Nelson & Pade through our Made In Wisconsin Program and have the opportunity to celebrate their efforts in manufacturing."


text:
POLICY: Clean Up
PURPOSE: To ensure a safe working environment for all persons employed and/or visiting a Carter & Carter Construction jobsite and to improve efficiency through discipline and organization.
RESPONSIBILITY: The Superintendent
PROCEDURE: Carter & Carter Construction will not tolerate a failure by its subcontractors or employees related to daily clean up. To ensure total compliance, the following shall be followed:
1. The clean up strategy devised while the estimate is being assembled will specifically address the following:
Removal of debris:
- Trash chutes
- Dumpsters (location and number)
- Temporary roads required
- Hoist requirements and uses
- Trash buggy needs/purchases
- Temporary labor
2. During the buyout phase, the following shall be specifically addressed regarding each subcontractor's responsibility:
- Sweeping floors – daily in work areas
- Daily removal of debris
- Providing of dumpsters
- Coordinated use of elevators, cranes or hoists
3. During construction, the Superintendent shall monitor clean up daily to ensure total compliance.
4. In the event the Subcontractor or its employees fail to clean the site area, a 24-hour notice will be issued. If the site is still not in compliance after the issuance of the notice, the Subcontractor will be back charged.


For example, I control a Pathraizer of Ulamog. One of my opponents cast Control Magic on it to take control of it. Then my other opponent casts the same spell. How can they both control it?
The last effect created takes precedence.
Section 613 resolves interaction of Continuous Effects. The rules relevant to this specific question are the following:
613.6. Within a layer or sublayer, determining which order effects are applied in is usually done using a timestamp system. An effect with an earlier timestamp is applied before an effect with a later timestamp.
613.6a A continuous effect generated by a static ability has the same timestamp as the object the static ability is on, or the timestamp of the effect that created the ability, whichever is later.
Continuous effects are continually reevaluated. This means that destroying the second Control Magic gives control of Pathraizer to the controller of the first Control Magic.
Your Answer


Getting Started with GigaSpaces in Kubernetes
The topics in this section assume basic knowledge of InsightEdge and the data grid. If you aren't familiar with the data grid (at minimum), review the contents of the general Getting Started section before performing the tasks described here.
This topic describes how to deploy GigaSpaces products in a Kubernetes environment. The integration is packaged as a Helm chart. You can deploy the full InsightEdge Platform, which includes the data grid, using the Helm chart available in the GigaSpaces Helm repository.
Prerequisites
Before beginning to work with the data grid and InsightEdge, ensure that you have the following installed on your local machine or a VM:
This topic describes how to do basic and intermediate-level deployment tasks for the data grid and InsightEdge using simple Helm commands. You can perform these tasks using a Kubernetes minikube, because you only need a single node.
Configuring the data grid for InsightEdge involves the same tasks as configuring the data grid alone. The deployment and maintenance tasks described below use insightedge Helm charts commands. However, you can also perform these tasks using the xap Helm charts commands.
Deploying and Managing a Data Grid
In this topic, you will learn how to do the following:
 - Get the required GigaSpaces Helm charts
 - Start a data grid in Kubernetes
 - Monitor your data grid using Kubernetes tools
 - Delete your data grid
Accessing the GigaSpaces Helm Charts
The Helm package manager is used for installing InsightEdge and XAP in the Kubernetes environment. Helm makes deploying complex applications more portable, supports automatic rollbacks, and is a familiar pattern for developers that is easy to understand. Moreover, since Helm is open source, there are many community charts available with standard configurations for common application services.
Helm supports installing charts in a number of ways. A Helm chart can be used in a variety of formats and locations; packaged, unpackaged, accessed via a remote URL or even in a chart repository. The xap and insightedge Helm charts are published in the GigaSpaces Helm chart repository at _URL_
There are multiple ways to access these charts in order to install a GigaSpaces product in Kubernetes:
 - Install a chart directly from the repo
 - Add the GigaSpaces Helm chart repo to the Helm repo list
 - Unpack the required Helm chart(s) in a local folder
Adding a Helm Repo to the Repo List
You can point to the GigaSpaces Helm repo, so that Helm can locate the xap and insightedge charts for installation:
helm repo add gigaspaces _URL_
After adding the GigaSpaces Helm repo, you can install the required chart(s) by referencing the chart name and product package version. For example, to install InsightEdge, use the following command:
helm install gigaspaces/insightedge --version=14.5.0 --name demo
Fetching the GigaSpaces Helm Charts from the GigaSpaces Repository
Another option is to fetch the GigaSpaces Helm charts that you need and unpack them locally, so you don't have to repeat the repo name and package version in each command (which has the added benefit of making the commands shorter). For example, if you fetch and unpack the Helm chart using the following command:
helm fetch gigaspaces/insightedge --version=14.5 --untar
You must fetch every chart that you will be using (for example: xap, xap-pu and xap-manager) in your GigaSpaces application environment.
The chart is unpacked in a local folder called insightedge, and then you can install the demo by typing:
helm install insightedge --name demo
All of the commands in the examples below assume that the Helm chart was fetched and stored in a local folder, but you can modify the commands to accomodate the other Helm install options (remote location, repo reference, etc.).
Starting a Data Grid in Kubernetes
In the directory where you unpacked the Helm chart(s), run the following Helm command in the command window to start a data grid in Kubernetes. This deploys a Kubernetes cluster called hello, which contains a data grid comprised of one Space in a Data Pod, and one Platform Manager called hello-xap-manager in a Management Pod. The Platform Manager manages the Space, the Manager service, and the headless service. There are no backup instances specified.
To start a data grid:
helm install xap --name hello
To start an InsightEdge data grid:
helm install insightedge --name hello
The rest of the data grid tasks described below use command examples from the insightedge Helm chart. However, you can also perform these tasks using the xap Helm chart.
Monitoring the Data Grid in Kubernetes
You can monitor the hello cluster you deployed using any of the following administration tools.
 - Helm: Run the following command to print the status of the "hello' release in the command window.
helm status hello
 - Kubernetes dashboard: run the following command to open a dashboard in your browser, where you can see all the Pods and services by clicking the various tabs. For example, if you're using minikube:
minikube dashboard
 - Kubectl: run the following command to print the name, description, and status of the Pods in the command window. A list of events is also printed, which can be used for troubleshooting purposes. For example, if you detected a problem in one of the Pods, you can see the Pod termination reason and exit code.
kubectl describe pod
Deleting a Data Grid from the Kubernetes Environment
To delete the hello Space cluster, use the following Helm command. It removes the release, but leaves the logs and data so you can inspect them at a future time. This command will remove both the Platform Manager and the Space.
helm del hello
If you want to remove the release and delete all the hello release data from the server, add the --purge option.
helm del --purge hello
Applying a Product License
The Kubernetes installation comes with a 24-hour trial tryme license, to enable users to perform one-click installation and explore the InsightEdge Platform and XAP functionality. However, if you want a longer trial license, you can apply the evaluation license key that you received in the email that was sent to you after you downloaded your InsightEdge or XAP commercial edition from the Download Center. These instructions are also applicable for applying a your official product license after you purchase a GigaSpaces product.
When the data grid starts, it checks for a valid license. You can apply the license by setting the pu.license property. For example, to apply the license for InsightEdge, use the following Helm command:
helm install insightedge --name hello --set pu.license="<your license key>"
 - You must enclose the license key in quotation marks ("...").
 - If you install a Processing Unit using the insightedge-pu or xap-pu chart, use the syntax --set license="<your license key>".


text:
Plan the design for your article and create it in Apple News Format.
- Apple News Format
- Apple News API
When you create an article in Apple News Format, you start by creating a JSON document file. The file contains code that specifies the layout for your article, provides the content, and customizes the look. The file is processed and rendered as an article in Apple News. The following figure shows the basic tasks associated with creating an article.
articledocument file. All article document files must have the name
articleStart by adding the ArticleDocument object and its required properties, or download this sample file. You can use any text editor to edit the code in your
articlefile. See Choose a Text Editor. Create a unique folder to hold the
articlefile and any other files you'll be publishing with this article, such as image files.
Plan the layout of your article. Decide how many layout columns your design will need. See Planning the Layout for Your Article.
Add components that contain your article's content. The content of your article—the text, photos, and other information—is contained in an array of components in your
articlefile. Each component has a specific function—for example, a title, a caption, body text, or a video. For an overview of the different kinds of components you can have in your article, see Components; to learn how to add components, see Adding Components.
Add the metadata for your article. See Metadata.
Once your article is finished, you can publish it to Apple News. See Create an Article.


text:
There are different ways in which the terms medical grade
or pharmaceutical grade can be perceived, particularly when referring to honey.
Most Manuka honey that is sold in retail
stores is table grade. However, some
might refer to active Manuka honey as medical grade to differentiate it from
inactive honey. Another perception of
medical grade honey pertains to honey (usually Manuka honey) that has been
gamma irradiated, classifying it as sterile.
Referring to honey (Manuka or otherwise) as being sterile
can be somewhat confusing. The term
sterile is defined as being free of germs or microorganisms. Despite the FDA's refusal of recognizing
honey of any kind as being antimicrobial, scientific evidence suggests that it
is. However, the potential for botulism
spores in some honeys makes gamma irradiation a process that some feel is
necessary in order to refer to it as being truly sterile.
Since honey is heat-sensitive, gamma irradiation is the
only way to sterilize it without diminishing its properties. However, it is unclear as to whether or not
it is necessary to sterilize honey. The presence
of botulism in honey is harmless to individuals over the age of 1 year
old. Infants under the age of 12 months
old have not yet fully developed their immune system, and therefore, cannot
ward off these spores.
Some might say that the only purpose of gamma irradiating
honey is to make it safe for infants to ingest.
Although, doctors who may want to use Manuka honey for wounds seem to
get a warm and fuzzy feeling when using a product that they consider to be
sterile. Either way, the use of Manuka
honey that has not been gamma irradiated on wounds or for other conditions has
been found to be perfectly safe.


text:
Earning power refers to how well a business can perform financially. Having earning power involves adhering to prescribed accounting habits while making good profit at the same time. Also, earning power can only be recognized if such profits are generated on top of the ability to fulfill all of the company's financial obligations. This includes proper payment of wages and maintenance of its infrastructure and other assets.
By being able to prove its ability to maintain its earning power, a business is able to place itself in a good position with financial institutions. Many times, companies find that even if they have sufficient assets to cover the purchase of additional assets, they can profit much more by loaning the necessary amount from banks. This practice is known as leveraging. For companies to be able to address their leveraging needs and get the best loan deals, they should show themselves to be financially stable and therefore capable of repaying their loans when they are due. One of the best way to show this is to demonstrate earning power.
Showing earning power does not only send a positive signal to banks, but it also serves to encourage investors. Prospective investors are more likely to be encouraged to buy shares from a company which is able to show that it can sustain consistent profits over a long period of time.
Companies and financial institutions may use a variety of methods in order to gauge earning power. The choice of method really depends on the specific information required, such as the company's attitude towards reinvestment, or how much profit it is capable of making within a given period of time.