What Do the Color Marks on Toothpaste Tubes Mean?
Most of the time we don't notice the color coded markings that are found on everyday items sold in stores. While they appear on many products, on toothpaste tubes there's a popular myth that they identify what the toothpaste is made of.
What Do the Color Marks on Toothpaste Tubes Mean?
Last update: 18 May, 2022
For a while now users have been sharing an "urban legend" online, saying that the colors on the base of toothpaste tubes indicate what they're made of and how damaging they can be for your health.
But the information contained in post after post is completely false. In today's article we'll try to clear up what these marks really mean, and whether it's more than just a simple color.
According to the now-viral misinformation that's circulating the web, toothpaste tubes have a different colored square or rectangle at the end of the tube, opposite the opening.
This color varies from brand to brand and supposedly indicates that the product is made up of as follows:
 - Green = Natural products
 - Blue = Natural and medicinal products
 - Red = Natural and chemical components
 - Black = Purely chemical components
Well, as we already said at the beginning of the article, this information is completely false. It is just another urban legend to frighten people.
Because the purpose of this site is to give you as complete information about health as possible, we'll explain what these colored marks really mean. And also, why you shouldn't pay any attention to the alarming posts you read on the internet.
You might want to read: 14 Ways to Use Toothpaste
The colors on toothpaste tubes
A man using a toothbrush
The colors that are found on different brands of toothpaste are actually a characteristic of other commercial goods, like milk cartons, cereal boxes, and cookie packages, for example. Those markings are used during the manufacturing and packaging processes as "eye marks," "color marks," or "registration guides."
Their purpose is to indicate to a robotic sensor where the packaging should be cut, bent, or crimped during production. These colors are designed to be darker than the rest of the packaging, so the machine can read them.
In the case of toothpaste, the tubes are manufactured in a location that's completely separate from the product that they will eventually contain. The tubes are made in long, hollow strips. Depending on the intended volume of each one they're divided into sections that are a certain number of inches long.
It's during this process that the "color mark" comes into play. It indicates where the machine should stop and cut the end of each toothpaste tube.
Read also: Natural Products That Will Help Whiten Your Teeth
Why are the colors different?
Toothpaste on a toothbrush
But why the different colors? The truth is that the color doesn't matter too much. They vary from brand to brand and by manufacturer.
Each one has its own color that they use as a reference for quality control and ease of detecting a defective batch.
In this way, once again another urban legend that's gone viral on the internet is debunked through careful investigation. This particular legend was a problem for dental professionals because it generated much concern among their patients about dental health.
In any case, if you need more proof just go to your pantry right now and examine the packaging of the products you have stored there. We guarantee you'll find more than two containers that have these marks of many different colors.
This text is provided for informational purposes only and does not replace consultation with a professional. If in doubt, consult your specialist.


Idaho's Regional Economists are Source for Economic Information
Behind the scenes at the Idaho Department of Labor are six individuals who spend their days converting economic data into employment solutions.
"As regional economists, we take the data produced by the research analysts and tell a story with it," said Ethan Mansfield, regional economist for southwestern Idaho. "Data is meaningless unless someone is there to communicate it and interpret it, and that's our job."
Each region in Idaho has a designated economist who provides a link between those who produce economic data and those who need this data. The regional economists repackage and explain raw data to make it easily understandable, enhancing the community's economic knowledge.
Regional economists respond to information requests from private industries, public officials, economic development organizations, media organizations, government entities, employers, grant writers and job seekers.
Regional economists use their knowledge of labor market information to collect and analyze the most helpful information for each individual or organization.
"Often, users don't even know the data they need, let alone how to find it," Mansfield said. "We assist these folks by understanding the question they are trying to answer and identifying the data that will answer their question."
The work of a regional economist is beneficial for both businesses and employees.
"I frequently pull data on the number of openings, the number of job seekers and current and projected employment for specific occupations," Mansfield said.
Mansfield has been working on multiple tasks to create a broader understanding of the state's economy. One recent project was pulling data and projections to estimate the supply of nurses in Idaho.
"I am also working on defining and pulling data for the high-tech sector in Idaho," Mansfield said. "And I am working on a project to estimate vacancy rates using job postings from around the state and identifying the major hiring activity by employer and occupation."
Additionally, regional economists administer Workforce Development Training Funds. These funds are used to reimburse employee training costs to eligible companies bringing jobs to Idaho, adding jobs or upgrading skills of current workers to keep them employed.
"I love doing research. I love using numbers and statistics as little pieces of the puzzle to answer difficult questions and understand the bigger picture," said Christopher St. Jeor, regional economist for eastern Idaho. "I enjoy the one-on-one interaction with the public and working with them to answer their questions."
Find a Regional Economist near You
Northern Idaho
Sam Wolkenhauer
_PHONE_
North Central Idaho
Kathryn Tacke
_PHONE_
Ethan Mansfield
_PHONE_
South Central
Jan Roeser
_PHONE_
Dan Cravens
_PHONE_
Chris St. Jeor
_PHONE_


Generating strings of words with space delimiters from cut statement Code Answer
Hello Developer, Hope you guys are doing great. Today at Tutorial Guruji Official website, we are sharing the answer of Generating strings of words with space delimiters from cut statement without wasting too much if your time.
The question is published on by Tutorial Guruji team.
I am new to bash. When I run the following command:
grep "type" /root/myFile | cut-d'=' -f2
I get the following:
102
304
503
442
I want to store the contents of the first command into a variable such that the content of the variable would be the equivalent of declaring it like this:
myVariable="102 304 503 442"
I don't know how to go about this. Do I initialize myVariablewith an empty string and traverse the content of the command line-by-line and append it into myVariable with white spaces in between or is there an easier way for doing this with bash?
Answer
myVariable='grep "type" /root/myFile | cut-d'=' -f2'
What is between back-ticks (') is run and the output is assigned to myVariable.
If your current output is separated by line feeds (n), then you may want to replace them with spaces with tr such as:
myVariable='grep "type" /root/myFile | cut-d'=' -f2'|tr 'n' ' ''
Note: Some people prefer using the $() syntax instead of back-ticks but both are useful and when I have the choice I use the back-ticks. The real advantage of having both is if you want to handle execution at two levels since the back-ticked expression will be sent to a sub-shell first and then the $() portion will be executed.
We are here to answer your question about Generating strings of words with space delimiters from cut statement - If you find the proper solution, please don't forgot to share this with your team members.
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In this gallery, architectural details of historic structures are paired with contemporary cityscapes. The vibrant palettes, shapes, and patterns found throughout the city inform the abstract works and botanical photography.


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Simple tube tester
- Category: Articles
- Published: Tuesday, 09 January 2018 09:43
- Written by Grzegorz Makarewicz
- Hits: 2896
A simple solution, made according to the diagram shown in the picture below, allows to check whether the filament fiber in the tube is not discontinuoused and to detect specific defects of the tube (eg increasing the resistance of the filament fiber due to defective soldering to the pins of the socket; shorting the fiber inside the bulb or in the socket, e.t.c.).
The device includes:
- power (mains) transformer
(primary winding 110/220V~, secondary - 1,25V~),
- nakelite plate with various sockets mounted on it (2 sockets for a given type of tube),
- current meter (milliammeter),
- rectifier (Pr),
- two wire resistors (5 ohms each),
- two 2-volt indicator buklbs (Lv, Lp).
The operation of the tester is based on the well known bridge principle. After connecting the transformer to the electrical network, and the tubes to the sockets (reference tube V and tube under test P) - if the filament fiber resistance of both tubes are the same - the measuring instrument will not indicate any current flow, and both incandescent bilbs will glow with the same brightness. If, however, the fiber of the tested tube has a higher resistance than the fiber of the reference tube, then the measuring instrument will show the current flow correspondingly smaller, and the bulb in its circuit will shine brighter. This means a defect in the fiber of the tested tube.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Adding copy-to-clipboard rollovers in Contacts app via AppleScript
Adding Copy to Clipboard Rollovers in Contacts App via AppleScriptApple's Contacts app includes a lot of great shortcuts for initiating different forms of communication. Just click an email address, phone number or URL field label to display a list of available options. You can send an email, show a phone number in large type or start a FaceTime call, for example. Curiously, one shortcut that's absent from most of these popups is one for copying the email address, phone number, URL, etc. to the clipboard. Mailing addresses are one exception, as they provide an option to copy a mailing label. But, other fields don't include this option. Sure, you could just select a phone number, email address, URL, etc., and press Command+C to copy it. But, what fun is that? It sure would be nice if there were just more handy copy-to-clipboard shortcuts instead. With the help of AppleScript, you can add your own. Here's how...
Writing the Script
The following steps demonstrate how to add a Copy to Clipboard shortcut to phone number fields in the Contacts app. If you have any trouble following along, you can download the complete script here, along with ones for email address and URL fields too.
1. Launch AppleScript Editor (in /Applications/Utilities)
2. Create a new script document and enter the following code:
Note: If you want to create a version of this script for email address or URL fields, just change the action property handler to return the appropriate field type, i.e.,
on action property
return "email"
end action property
or...
on action property
return "url"
end action property
Installing and Using the Script
In order for the script you created to appear in the Contacts app, it needs to be saved in the proper place.
1. Quit Contacts if it's running.
2. Save the script you created as Contacts > Copy Phone to Clipboard.scpt, in script format, into the ~/Library/Address Book Plug-Ins folder in your Home directory. If this folder doesn't already exist, go ahead and create it.
Adding Copy to Clipboard Rollovers in Contacts App via AppleScript
Now, just relaunch the Contacts app. When you click on a phone number field label, you should see a new option for copying the phone number to the clipboard. Now, repeat the steps above for email addresses and URLs to enhance the Contacts app even further.
Adding Copy to Clipboard Rollovers in Contacts App via AppleScript
This marks my last scheduled post for the TUAW for a bit. Hopefully, you'll see more of me here in the future. In the meantime, feel free to reach out to me on Twitter to say "Hello," ask a scripting question or two, suggest a future topic, etc. Until next time, Happy Scripting!
© 2014 AOL Inc. All Rights Reserved.


text:
How To Remove Hair Dye From Bathtub. Sometimes when you dye your hair and it is not quite at its best, some of that dye may end up on your bathtub.
This can potentially be a devastating problem. But have no fear. There are many different methods that you can use to ensure that your bathtub will be as clean as ever.
One way may work better than another depending on the situation of what might have been used or how badly affected the tub is, but that doesn't mean you should discount trying other suggestions when the need for them arises.
How To Remove Hair Dye From Bathtub
The stain can be removed with bleach and water. Wait 5-10 minutes before cleaning. If you wipe away the fluid, the sweater will look years younger. By spreading it on a clean rag, acetone can be used to clean fabric surfaces. Cleaning up soapy tub water is quick and easy with baking soda and water paste.
In this article, we will show you how to remove hair dye from a bathtub.
Using Rubbing Alcohol
Rubbing alcohol is a great way to kill germs. However, it can easily take out the stain caused by a recent bathtub hair dye session, unless of course, you used a black hair dye because rubbing alcohol will only lighten the stubborn stain.
The first step is to wipe the sink clean with your cleaning cloth and then apply rubbing alcohol to the stained area to remove any excess water from earlier.
Then use your damp cleaning cloth or sponge to rub over the faded part of the stained area and let it dry before wiping again.
Using Nail Polish Remover
Nail polish remover is likely already in your possession. If you have dye stains in your bathtub, use a nail polish remover that contains acetone to remove them.
The stained area can be treated with nail polish remover with acetone using a cotton ball. If the stain is on a painted surface or a finished surface, it will remove the color completely.
Bleach is not only great for removing hair dye from surfaces around the bathroom but it can also be used to remove mildew that dirties your counters and tub.
Two cups of bleach are mixed with two cups of hot water and poured over the stain. The solution should sit for ten minutes before being thoroughly rinsed.
It's important to always open a window or use an exhaust fan while using bleach because it can become quite pungent, especially if you have sensitive skin.
Using Baking Soda
In addition to being an effective remedy for removing stubborn stains, this mixture is also a highly recommended bathtub cleaner and hair dye remover treatment.
To make a paste, it's best to start by mixing baking soda with a bit of water until it becomes thick not too runny as it will be difficult to remove later.
Use the brownish mixture to scrub away hard-to-remove stains from bathtubs and other stained surfaces like hair dye.
Mixing borax with water and scrubbing it on the dye stains inside the bathtub is one of the most convenient ways to remove them.
Take a handful of borax and mix it with about 1/4 cup of water and stir it together until smooth, rub the mixture into the stained area with a clean scrubber, apply some pressure as you scrub, and then wipe it clean with clean water.
Is it possible to permanently stain a bathtub with hair dye?
Almost anything it comes in contact with can be stained by semi-permanent hair colors. Skin, bathtubs, sinks, and clothes can all be stained.
To remove excess dye and petroleum jelly from your bathtub, wash and scrub it after rinsing your hair of color. When you increase your activity levels later on in the day, you may slip on the tub if you haven't done this.
Is it possible to wash hair dye out of the bath?
You can easily remove dye from your face, neck, ears, arms, and other areas. Take a cotton ball and wipe any remaining dye from the skin.
You can directly pour some rubbing alcohol onto a cotton ball and dab it away from your face while avoiding contact with your eyes. Avoid contact with your eyes or mouth after thoroughly rinsing with warm water.
How to Remove Semi Permanent Hair Dye from Bathroom

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
What will the reforms mean for researchers when applying for Academy funding or using the funding granted? How are the Academy's new practices linked to national and international developments in science and research? Join this Academy of Finland webinar to address these questions.
Starting with calls to be opened after 1 January 2021, the Academy of Finland will introduce a number of reforms concerning open access to scientific publications and responsible researcher evaluation. Through the reforms, the Academy wants to further strengthen its long-established policies on openness of scientific outputs and responsibility in researcher evaluation.
The policies are supported by the Academy's commitments to international and national declarations over the past two years. The reforms concerning open access publishing and responsible researcher evaluation support the Academy's objective of funding high-quality, high-impact and innovative research in an accountable manner.
13.00 – 13.05 Aki Salo (Academy of Finland, Senior Science Adviser): Welcome
13.05 – 13.15 Riitta Maijala (Academy of Finland, Vice President for Research): Introduction: Reforms to Open Access and Responsible Researcher Evaluation
13.15 – 13.35 Henriikka Mustajoki (Federation of Finnish Learned Societies, Head of Development): Open Access and responsible research evaluation – Role of national recommendation and policies
13.35 – 14.00 Johan Rooryck (cOAlition S, Executive Director): Plan S: an international alliance for the alignment of Open Access policies
14.00 – 14.20 Comments and discussion on links between domestic and international OA policies
14.20 – 14.30 Break
14.30 – 14.50 Jyrki Hakapää (Academy of Finland, Senior Science Adviser): Academy of Finland's Open Access Policy
14.50 – 15.10 Kata-Riina Valosaari (Academy of Finland, Counsellor of Science): Responsible Researcher Evaluation at Academy of Finland
15.10 – 16.00 Comments and discussion on Academy of Finland's policies and guidelines
(Kuva: Juho Karjalainen)


text:
South Texas Writing Project
Spanish as a Heritage Language
This workshop addressed the issues and challenges of developing and maintaining Spanish as a heritage language in the United States, with a particular focus in our Laredo, Texas community and the border dialect of Spanish. This session was designed in response to the growing need for scholarly material and pedagogy in the teaching of Spanish as a heritage language to Laredo bilingual students in grades K-16. Theoretical principles related to the acquisition and maintenance of Spanish by U.S.-born speakers, community and classroom-based research studies, as well as practice-related suggestions for the teaching of Spanish as a heritage language at the elementary, secondary, and university level were discussed.


text:
This article demonstrates how to run a tower scan in a PMP 450 deployment.
Support team requests to provide spectrum analyzer results to investigate issues like degraded performance, slow speeds, and link drop to name a few. This purpose is to understand if the source of interference impacts the uplink or downlink.
Solution: Run a Tower scan
Every transmitter displays the transmission properties as displayed below:
Let us consider a 360-degree tower with four 90-degree sectors using ABAB channel reuse.
In this case, when the spectrum analysis is started on one sector the remaining 3 sectors will continue to transmit. The resulting analysis would display skewed results.
Here is a sample of spectrum analysis run individually vs simultaneously (both scans are from the same tower):
Individual scans run at different times.
Simultaneous scans: We can observe lower noise levels in this scan compared individual scans shown in the previous image.
The scans above are a clear indication of the accuracy of the results when individually vs run simultaneously. Hence, performing a tower scan when troubleshooting interference is always suggested.
To perform the tower scan, login to all the involved APs through the web browser, set the display to Averaging, set min and max to full scan, scan duration to 180 seconds, and click on start timed spectrum analysis.


text:
History of Annuities
Reviews the evolution of annuities. This article starts with the earliest annuities, in Roman times, and takes you up to their use in the Great Depression.
Annuity and Insurance Advertisements
Highlights the early use of direct mail advertising for annuities and insurance in 1840s England, with examples of rare Mulready lettersheets and envelopes.
Annuity Certificates of the Bank of England
Presents a concise history of Bank of England annuities, a special type of government bond issued from the late 1600s through 1888 to finance wars, stipends for royalty, and major public projects.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Bringing a Turtle, Snake, or Lizard into the United States
CDC does not regulate snakes or lizards, but does limit imports of small turtles, tortoises and terrapins and their viable eggs. Turtles with a carapace (shell) length of less than 4 inches and turtle eggs may not be imported for any commercial purpose. An individual may import as many as six small turtles or six eggs or any combination totaling six or fewer turtles and turtle eggs for noncommercial purposes. This rule was implemented in 1975 after it was discovered that small turtles frequently transmitted Salmonella to humans, particularly young children.
- Turtles with shell length (carapace) less than 4" and viable turtle eggs may NOT be imported for commercial purposes
The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service regulates the importation of reptiles. Regulations regarding reptiles, fish, injurious [PDF - 2 pages] or endangered species can be found on the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service import/export website.


text:
This climate is ideal for people who can't stand or don't like the sweltering heat and those who like to relax on the beach in June or September-October, considering it an ideal time. Our dear children also feel much more comfortable in this climate!
Biarritz's unique climate
This natural "air-conditioning" effect in Biarritz is mainly due to 2 effects :
1 - Biarritz's particular location at the bottom of the amphitheatre of the Bay of Biscay, facing the Atlantic Ocean, which gives:
- The constant presence of a cool breeze circulating in the bay, even at the height of summer.
- The constant presence of the famous warm Gulf Stream current brings warm water from Mexico and the Caribbean's southern coasts. On entering the bay, this warm current is "stuck" here, unable to flow northwards. Thus, the Gulf Stream acts as an air conditioner for Biarritz while making the coastal waters extremely pleasant for swimming (for example, in southern Portugal, the water remains colder because the warm current never reaches it).
2 - Biarritz is "wedged" between the ocean and the southern Pyrenees:
- Thus, winds from the south rise towards the Pyrenees' summits, up to 3000m, where they lose humidity and go down to Biarritz while warming up (Foehn effect). Biarritz is therefore regularly swept by warm, dry winds from the south, which mix with the milder, more humid ocean breezes off the coast. The dry southerly winds contribute to the fact that Biarritz often has the highest winter temperatures in France, even at Christmas time.
The weather in Biarritz
- The weather in Biarritz in April: air - about +17°C, water - about +13°C.
- The weather in Biarritz in May: air - about +21°C, water - about +16°C.
The May holidays are always sunny, flowers and trees bloom everywhere, and temperatures reach +20+21. The nights are still cool, but you can sunbathe and start swimming in the gradually warming ocean during the day.
By the way, spring is the hortensias season in Biarritz. Flowers are everywhere, and it's absolutely magic!
- The weather in Biarritz in June: air - about +23°C, water - about +20°C.
- The weather in Biarritz in July: air - about +25°C, water - about +22°C.
- The weather in Biarritz in August: air - about +26°C, water - about +23°C.
The average temperature in the shade in Biarritz is +26°C in August and +23°C in June and September. Naturally, it is warmer in full sunshine, up to +30°C and more. But thanks to the humidity, there are always clouds forming, which, with a light cool breeze, makes these hot months as comfortable as possible.
- The weather in Biarritz in September: air - about +23°C, water - about +21°C.
- The weather in Biarritz in October: air - about +21°C, water - about +18°C.
In October, the average temperature in Biarritz is around +21°C in the shade. This is a time of year when people spend a lot of time on the beach, and it is the time of year when the French media tend to talk about Biarritz as the hottest city in the country.
About the rain in Biarritz
It doesn't rain often and not for long in Biarritz during the summer period, but it rains a lot! It is a tropical rain that makes you run very fast to seek shelter to not get wet in a second. But as a rule, an hour later, the sun comes out as suddenly as it left, and the city and the ocean begin to shine again. This is why Biarritz is bathed in greenery all year round and is famous for its lush hydrangeas. The vegetation remains vividly green even in July and August when Provence is burnt and dried by the sun.
Water temperature and purity in Biarritz
The water temperatures around Biarritz are pleasant and comfortable for swimming, thanks to the Gulf Stream, which carries the warm waters of the coasts of southern Mexico and the Caribbean. The water is much warmer here than in Portugal, for example, where this current does not occur. The average summer temperature of the coastal ocean waters in Biarritz is +23°С. Tourists bathe in Biarritz from early June to late October, and locals have no problem bathing in May and November. Another essential aspect, of which all the locals are proud, is the ocean waters' purity. Here, the water is constantly in motion; it travels and renews itself. The inhabitants pay great attention to the purity of the water. They do not bathe in most parts of the Mediterranean, considering that it is not clean enough compared to their hometown's waters.
The climate and oysters
The mild climate and clean waters of the Bay of Biscay allow oysters to reproduce and develop in ideal conditions for them. This is impossible, for example, in areas where the sea is warmer, and the water is stagnant. A few kilometres north of Biarritz, you will discover a real paradise of fresh oysters. And the oysters that are served to you have been fished only a few hours earlier.
The waves in Biarritz
The waves of Biarritz always offer a beautiful spectacle beyond imagination. Seeing it, some people dream of surfing, while others may be afraid. But Biarritz and the Basque Coast are lucky again - because here we also find beaches that are completely protected from the waves and where the water is calm and very welcoming. So, absolutely everyone will find their happiness here! For example, all children in Biarritz learn to swim directly in the ocean, on beaches where the ocean looks more like a swimming pool :)


London Piano Institute on Pianist Artur Schnabel
London-Piano-Institute-Artur-SchnabelLondon Piano Institute is the U.K.'s only piano school for adults only. Located in central London, London Piano Institute offers the highest quality instruction in classical, jazz, pop, rock and blues piano using the latest and most effective adult instructional methods developed by renowned piano pedagogue Celine Gaurier-Joubert. Here a top instructor at London Piano Institute discusses one the greatest masters of the keyboard, Artur Schnabel.
A Gathering of Experts: Who was Artur Schnabel?
London Piano Institute: He was an Austrian classical pianist, teacher and composer.
A Gathering of Experts: In what era did he live?
London Piano Institute: He was born April 17, 1882, and died April 15, 1951. He was one of the great pianists of the 20th century.
A Gathering of Experts: What was his specialty?
London Piano Institute: He specialized in the great Austrian and German composers, specifically Beethoven and Schubert, although he played others as well.
A Gathering of Experts: What set him apart?
London Piano Institute: He was recognized for his intellectual seriousness when approaching the repertoire and avoiding pure technical bravura.
A Gathering of Experts: Was that received well?
London Piano Institute: Yes, indeed. He has been hailed for his "interpretive penetration." Harold C. Schonberg, once chief music critic for the New York Times, called him "the man who invented Beethoven," meaning that he established authoritative interpretations that have stood the test of time.
A Gathering of Experts: Where was he born?
London Piano Institute: Born in Lipnik near Bielitz, Galicia, Austro-Hungarian Empire (today a part of Poland), Schnabel was the youngest of three children born into a Jewish family. At an early age, however, his family moved to Vienna, Austria.
A Gathering of Experts: Was he a child prodigy?
London Piano Institute: Evidently, yes. At the age of 2 he took an interest in his older sister's piano lessons and his talent became obvious. At age 6 he began piano studies at the prestigious Vienna Conservatorium and by age 9 was a student of the famed pedagogue Theodor Leschetizky.
A Gathering of Experts: What came next for him?
London Piano Institute: He continued to study piano and music theory and became acquainted with famous pianists and composers of his day, including Johannes Brahms. He made his concert debut in 1897 in Vienna.
A Gathering of Experts: Did he become a touring artist?
London Piano Institute: Yes, he gave concerts throughout the region including Budapest, Prague and Brunn (in today's Czech Republic). In 1898 he moved to Berlin where he gained fame as an orchestral soloist.
A Gathering of Experts: Did he tour outside of central Europe?
London Piano Institute: After World War I he gave concert tours in Russia, England and the United States.
A Gathering of Experts: Was there a focus to his performing during this time?
London Piano Institute: He became known for his chamber music and formed a number of variations of the Schnabel Trio with famous violinists and cellists of his day. He also performed with contralto Therese Behr, who became his wife.
A Gathering of Experts: Did he leave Germany before World War II started?
London Piano Institute: Yes, with the rise of the Nazi party, he left Berlin in 1933 for England and finally America in 1939.
A Gathering of Experts: Did he ever return to Germany or Austria after the war?
London Piano Institute: No, despite many concert tours in other parts of Europe he never did.
A Gathering of Experts: What were the standards of his repertoire?
London Piano Institute: He remained devoted to the core German composers but also included the piano masterworks of Bach, Mozart, Schumann, Weber and Liszt.
A Gathering of Experts: He is known for the difficult late Beethoven piano works, is he not?
London Piano Institute: Yes, indeed, although he recognized that as enjoyable as they were for the pianist to master, they could be challenging for an audience to enjoy.
A Gathering of Experts: How about Schnabel as composer?
London Piano Institute: As conventional as his repertoire was, it is interesting to note that his compositions were very modern in style, since he wrote in the atonal and 12-tone style, which feature the dissonance typical of mid-20th century classical music.
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definition SCL file data template comprises K logical node class；
A3) definition integer k=1；
A4) resolve and obtain kth logical node class；
A5) definition kth logical node apoplexy due to endogenous wind comprises M data object class；
A6) definition m=1；
A7) resolve and obtain than the m-th data object class；
A8) judge whether data object cache exists this data object, if it is present use the data object of caching, and go to A16, if it does not exist, then go to A9
A9) definition than the m-th data object class comprises N number of data attribute class；
A10) definition n=1；
A11) resolve and obtain nth data Attribute class；
A12) judge whether data attribute caching exists this data attribute, if it is present use the data attribute of caching, and go to A14, if it does not exist, then go to A13
A13) caching nth data Attribute class；
A14) judge that n, whether more than or equal to N, if it is not, then n=n+1, goes to step A11, if it is, go to step A15；
A15) caching than the m-th data object class；
A16) judge that m, whether more than or equal to M, if it is not, then m=m+1, goes to step A7, if it is, go to step A17；
A17) caching kth logical node class；
A18) judge that k, whether more than or equal to K, if it is not, then k=k+1, goes to step A4, if it is, terminate.
Step 2, resolves IED example.
B1) obtain and resolve IED example；
B2) with the logical node class each property value of instantiation data object of caching.
In above-mentioned steps, have employed the method that vtd-xml and DOM combines, i.e. use vtd-xml method to obtain SCL file data template, use vtd-xml method or DOM method to resolve SCL file data template, use vtd-xml method to obtain IED example, use DOM method to resolve IED example；The advantage fully merging two kinds of analytic methods, i.e. vtd-xml method requires to host machine hardware configuration that when resolving low and DOM method resolves quick advantage.
Said method can improve efficiency and the speed of application program, and can reduce the application requirement to host machine hardware configuration, reduces engineering cost the most to a certain extent；Said method is for using IEC The intelligent substation configuration file of 61850-6 SCL Language Modeling can use, and such as ICD file, SCD file, CID file etc., has universal adaptability, has certain dissemination.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention; it should be pointed out that, for those skilled in the art, on the premise of without departing from the technology of the present invention principle; can also make some improvement and deformation, these improve and deformation also should be regarded as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. intelligent substation SCL file fast resolving method, it is characterised in that: comprise the following steps,
Step 1, resolves SCL file data template；
A1) SCL file data template is obtained；
A2) definition SCL file data template comprises K logical node class；
A3) definition integer k=1；
A4) resolve and obtain kth logical node class；
A5) definition kth logical node apoplexy due to endogenous wind comprises M data object class；
A6) definition m=1；
A7) resolve and obtain than the m-th data object class；
A8) judge whether data object cache exists this data object, if it is present use the data object of caching, and go to A16, if it does not exist, then go to A9
A9) definition than the m-th data object class comprises N number of data attribute class；
A10) definition n=1；
A11) resolve and obtain nth data Attribute class；
A12) judge whether data attribute caching exists this data attribute, if it is present use the data attribute of caching, and go to A14, if it does not exist, then go to A13
A13) caching nth data Attribute class；
A14) judge that n, whether more than or equal to N, if it is not, then n=n+1, goes to step A11, if it is, go to step A15；
A15) caching than the m-th data object class；
A16) judge that m, whether more than or equal to M, if it is not, then m=m+1, goes to step A7, if it is, go to step A17；
A17) caching kth logical node class；
A18) judge that k, whether more than or equal to K, if it is not, then k=k+1, goes to step A4, if it is, terminate；
Step 2, resolves IED example；
B1) obtain and resolve IED example；
B2) with the logical node class each property value of instantiation data object of caching.
Intelligent substation SCL file fast resolving method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: use vtd-xml method to obtain SCL file data template, use vtd-xml method or DOM method to resolve SCL file data template.
Intelligent substation SCL file fast resolving method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: use vtd-xml method to obtain IED example, use DOM method to resolve IED example.
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CN105426454A (en) * 2015-11-12 2016-03-23 国网宁夏电力公司 Method for detecting consistency of intelligent electronic equipment loop information and SCD file loop information
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text:
Eсomorphic structure of the soil macrofauna communities of technosols of the Nikopol Manganese Ore Basin
AbstractThis study established features of the animal population of artificial soil-like bodies – technosols in terms of ecomorphic analysis. The survey was conducted at the research station of the Dnipro State Agricultural University in the city Pokrov in 2012–2014. The experimental polygons were laid within four technosol types: pedozems, sod loess-like lithogenic soils on loam, grey-green clay and red-brown clay. The polygon consisted of 15 transects and each transect was composed of seven test sites. The distance between rows in the polygon was 3 m. Each test site was a square with size 3 × 3 m. The manual sorting of the soil-zoological samples was conducted within each site for areas 0.25 × 0.25 m to the depth where animals were found. Samples were taken in late April or early May. In general, for each period of counting for each polygon 105 soil-zoological samples were taken 123 species of invertebrates were found in the soil macrofauna community of the technosols. These communities are a steppe monoceonosis with a tendency to transformations into pseudoomonoceonosis on account of increased share of pratants. The soil macrofauna of sod lithogenic soils on grey-green clay and loam on loes-like clays is most adapted to xerophilous condition. Animal communities in pedozems and sod-lithogenic soils or on red-brown clay have a more mesophilic character. The trophoceonomorphic structure of the soil macrofauna community indicates a significant potential of the fertility of artificial soil. The aeromorphs' structure reveals a significant ability of technosols to create cracks and pores, which can lead to hyperaeration. The dominant part of the of soil macrofauna community was hypercarbonatophils. Against the background of the steppe character, the soil macrofauna community had a topomorphic structure that is unusual for natural steppe black soil biogeocenoses on loess-like loam. The trophomorph structure was greatly dominated by phytophages, which indicates the prevalence of processes of mineralization of plant residues under the humification process. The phoromorphic spectrum of soil animal communities was dominated by ecological groups which move without the active construction of tunnels.
Akimov, M. P. (1954). Biomorphological method of studying of biocoenosis. Bulletin of Naturalists Society, 59(3), 27–36.
Andrusevich, K. V., Zhukov, A. V., & Kunah, O. N. (2014). Ecomorphic organisation of the mesopedobionts community as the basis of the anthropogenic soils zoological diagnostic. The Journal of V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, 22, 89–97.
Brygadyrenko, V. V. (2016). Effect of canopy density on litter invertebrate community structure in pine forests. Ekológia (Bratislava), 35(1), 90–102.
Brygadyrenko, V. V. (2016). Influence of litter thickness on the structure of litter macrofauna of deciduous forests of Ukraine's steppe zone. Visnyk of Dnipropetrovsk University. Biology, Ecology, 24(1), 240–248.
Decaëns, T., & Rossi, J. P. (2001). Spatio-temporal structure of earthworm community and soil heterogeneity in a tropical pasture. Ecography, 24(6), 671–682.
Didukh, Y. P. (2011). The ecological scales for the species of Ukrainian flora and their use in synphytoindication. Phytosociocentre, Kyiv.
Drake, J. A. (1990). Communities as assembled structures: Do rules govern pattern? Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 5, 159–164.
Faly, L. I., Kolombar, T. M., Prokopenko, E. V., Pakhomov, O. Y., & Brygadyrenko, V. V. (2017). Structure of litter macrofauna communities in poplar plantations in an urban ecosystem in Ukraine. Biosystems Diversity, 25(1), 29–38.
Gilarov, M. S. (1965). Zoological methods of the soils diagnostic. Nauka, Moscow.
Gongalsky, K. B., Gorshkova, I. A., Karpov, A. I., & Pokarzhevskii, A. D. (2008). Do boundaries of soil animal and plant communities coincide? A case study of a Mediterranean forest in Russia. European Journal of Soil Biology, 44(4), 355–363.
Gongalsky, K. B., Zaytsev, A. S., & Savin, F. A. (2009). Spatial distribution of soil animals: A geostatistical approach. Biology Bulletin Reviews, 70(6), 484–494.
Krivolutsky, D. A. (1994). Soil fauna in ecological control. Nauka, Moscow.
Kunah, O. N., Prokopenko, E. V., & Zhukov, A. V. (2014). Ecomorphic organisation of the Ukraine steppe zone spider community. Gruntoznavstvo, 15, 101–119.
Lavelle, P., Bignell, D., Lepage, M., Wolters, V., Roger, P., Ineson, P., Heal, O. W., & Dhillion, S. (1997). Soil function in a changing world: The role of invertebrate ecosystem engineers. European Journal of Soil Biology, 33, 159–193.
Mordkovich, V. G. (1977). Zoological diagnostics of the soil in forest-steppe and steppe zones of the Sibiria. Nauka, Novosibirsk.
Mordkovich, V. G. (2013). Zoological diagnostic of the soils: Imperatives, function and place in the soil science and pedology. Journal of General Biology, 74(6), 463–471.
Svyrydchenko, A. O., & Brygadyrenko, V. V. (2014). Trophic preferences of Rossiulus kessleri (Diplopoda, Julidae) for the litter of various tree species. Folia Oecologica, 41(2), 202–212.
Whalen, J. K. (2004). Spatial and temporal distribution of earthworm patches in corn field, hayfield and forest systems of southwestern Quebec, Canada. Applied Soil Ecology, 27(2), 143–151.
Williams, V. R. (1947). Pedology. Selhozgiz, Moscow.
Zhukov O. V., Zadorozhna, G. O., Maslikova, K. P., Andrusevych, K. V., & Lyadskaya, I. V. (2017). Tehnosoils ecology. Zhurfond, Dnipro.
Zhukov, A. V. (2015). Phytoindicator estimation of the multidimensional scaling of the plant community structure. Biological Bulletin of Bogdan Chmelnitskiy Melitopol State Pedagogical University, 1(1), 69–93.
Zhukov, A. V., & Shatalin, D. B. (2016). Hygrotope and trophotope of the steppe pridniprovie biogeoceonosis as determinants of the earthworms (Lumbricidae) communities β-diversity. Biological Bulletin of Bogdan Chmelnitskiy Melitopol State Pedagogical University, 6 (2), 129–157.
Zhukov, A. V., & Zadorozhnaya, G. A. (2016). Spatio-temporal dynamics of the penetration resistance of recultivated soils formed after open cast mining. Visnyk of Dnipropetrovsk University. Biology, Ecology, 24(2), 324–331.
Zhukov, A. V., Kunah, O. N., Novikova, V. A., & Ganzha, D. S. (2016). Phytoindication estimation of soil mesopedobionts communities catena and their ecomorphic organization. Biological Bulletin of Bogdan Chmelnitskiy Melitopol State Pedagogical University, 6(3), 91–117.
Zhukov, O. V. (2009). Ecomorphological analysis of soil animal consortia. Svidler, Dnepropetrovsk.
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Zhukov, O. V., Kunah, O. N., & Novikova, V.


text:
The Importance of Capital Dredging: Creating Deeper Waterways for Economic Growth and Improved Navigation
Capital dredging plays a pivotal role in creating new or deeper waterways, harbors, and port facilities, facilitating improved navigation and fostering economic growth. This process involves the excavation of substantial amounts of sediment and material from the seabed or riverbed to enhance water flow, reduce flood risks, and provide better access for ships and vessels.
One of the primary objectives of capital dredging is to accommodate larger ships and vessels, allowing them to navigate through channels, ports, and harbors more efficiently. By deepening and widening waterways, capital dredging increases the capacity of these areas, promoting trade expansion and enabling the handling of larger cargo volumes. This enhanced accessibility is crucial for supporting international trade and fostering economic development in coastal regions.
In addition to accommodating larger vessels, capital dredging also serves to create new waterways or expand existing ones. These newly created or extended water channels provide opportunities for the development of marine-related activities, such as offshore industries, aquaculture, and tourism. By improving access to coastal areas, capital dredging attracts investment and stimulates economic activities, creating employment opportunities and generating revenue for local communities.
Capital dredging projects are significant infrastructure investments due to the substantial quantities of sediment and material that need to be excavated. The process requires specialized equipment, such as cutter suction dredgers, to effectively remove the sediment and maintain precise depth and width requirements. The extracted sediment is carefully managed, often through methods like sediment containment areas or its beneficial use in land reclamation and beach nourishment projects.
Furthermore, capital dredging projects play a crucial role in managing water flow and reducing flood risks. By dredging waterways, rivers, and estuaries, the capacity for water to flow is increased, mitigating the risk of flooding during periods of high rainfall or storms. This flood prevention measure protects both coastal and inland areas, safeguarding communities and infrastructure.
Environmental considerations are an integral part of capital dredging projects. Environmental impact assessments are conducted to evaluate the potential effects on marine ecosystems, water quality, and sediment dispersion. Sustainable dredging practices are implemented to minimize ecological disturbances and protect sensitive habitats. Additionally, measures are taken to mitigate the release of sediment and maintain water quality during and after the dredging process.
Overall, capital dredging is a crucial infrastructure investment that creates new or deeper waterways, harbors, and port facilities. It supports economic growth, trade expansion, and the development of marine-related activities while also improving navigation, managing water flow, and reducing flood risks. By implementing sustainable practices and considering environmental factors, capital dredging projects contribute to the long-term prosperity and well-being of coastal communities and regions.✴ Read more about this post on: _URL_


What Does Wine Sound Like? Italian Engineers Create Audio Profiles for Vintages
Ever wondered what your favorite wine would sound like? Some sound engineers in Italy set out to create auditory profiles for their country's best vintages. They created the sound for each wine on a computer and when they insert a probe into the wine, it will make music depending on how the wine is moved around in the glass. The project is still in the early development stages, but they hope to one day offer it to wine producers and restaurants. Inside Edition Digital's Mara Montalbano has more.
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Verb: singe (singeing) sinj
 1. Burn superficially or lightly
 "I singed my eyebrows"
 2. Become superficially burned
 "my eyebrows singed when I bent over the flames";
 - scorch, sear
Noun: singe sinj
 1. A surface burn
 - scorch
Derived forms: singes, singeing, singed
Type of: blacken, burn, char, combust, scorch, sear
Encyclopedia: Singe


text:
Salina South High School730 E Magnolia Rd
Salina, KS 67401
Design Achievement – DLR Group's design for the additions and renovations at Salina South High School responds to the District's goals of creating an engaged learner through flexible and adaptable spaces in a safe and secure environment. The design includes two major classroom wings and an auxiliary gymnasium, along with an improved new main entrance to the high school. The school is organized around two distinct learning environments – one centered on the Humanities and one centered around STEM. CTE courses are dispersed between the two learning environments to reinforce the connection between the core curriculum and the advanced CTE curriculum. Large sliding doors further increase the connection between spaces and create a highly flexible and collaborative environment. The commons and media center link the two learning environments together and become a hub for activity within the school.
Scope Summary - The 275,000 SF high school accommodates 1,477 students in two distinct learning environments centered around Humanities and STEM. The organization within each learning environment reinforces the overall building concepts of flexibility and collaboration. Each learning environment contains CTE courses adjacent to the core curriculum spaces. These CTE courses offer high visibility from the circulation space to showcase and enhance awareness of the rigorous coursework happening within and enhance the learning environment and academic interaction for students. Collaboration space is located centrally in the learning environments connecting to both the learning environments and CTE courses. The student commons connects the existing performing arts and athletic spaces, allowing the commons to be a preand post-function space for public events and activities. DLR Group provided architecture, engineering and interior design services for this project.


Mau movement
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Women of the Mau movement circa 1930
Main article: History of Samoa
The Mau was a non-violent movement for Samoan independence from colonial rule during the early 1900s. Mau means 'opinion,' 'unwavering,' 'to be decided,' or 'testimony' denoting 'firm strength' in Samoan. The motto for the Mau were the words Samoa mo Samoa (Samoa for the Samoans). Similarly in Hawaii'an Mau means to strive or persevere, and is often linked with Hawaii'an poetry relating to independence and sovereignty struggles.
The movement had its beginnings on the island of Savai'i with the Mau a Pule resistance in the early 1900s with widespread support throughout the country by the late 1920s.[1] As the movement grew, leadership came under the country's chiefly elite, the customary matai leaders entrenched in Samoan tradition and fa'a Samoa.[2] The Mau included women who supported the national organisation through leadership and organisation as well as taking part in marches. Supporters wore a Mau uniform of a navy blue lavalava with a white stripe which was later banned by the colonial administration.[3]
The Mau movement's efforts would ultimately culminate in the political independence of Samoa in 1962 but the height of the movement's activity in the Western Islands occurred in the late 1920s and early 1930s.
Raising the flag of German Samoa at Mulinu'u, 1900. (photo by AJ Tattersall).
Broadly, the history of the Mau movement can be seen as beginning in the 1800s with European contact and the advent of Western powers, Britain, United States and Germany, vying for control of the Pacific nation. The country became German Samoa (1900–1914) followed by New Zealand colonial rule during which the Mau gathered national support.
The dispute led to the eventual formation of a resistance movement called Mau a Pule on Savai'i by Lauaki Namulauulu Mamoe, one of the Samoan leaders from Safotulafai who was deposed by the German Governor of Samoa, Wilhelm Solf. As well as deposing members of the Malo o Samoa, Solf called in two German warships as a show of strength. Faced with this demonstration of military force, and with the movement divided, Lauaki surrendered. In 1909, Lauaki and the other senior leaders of the Mau a Pule were exiled to the German colonies in the Marianas (North West Pacific) where they were to stay until 1914, when New Zealand took over Samoa as part of its Empire duties at the outbreak of World War One. Many of those exiled died before returning to Samoa. Lauaki died en route back to Samoa in 1915.
Influenza epidemic[edit]
SS Talune in Port Chalmers graving dock in New Zealand c. 1890s
This catastrophic event was to lay a new foundation for discontent with an administration already perceived as incompetent and dishonest by many Samoans. The clumsy handling of Samoa's governance, the slow and deliberate erosion of traditional Samoan social structures by successive administrators, and a general failure to understand and respect Samoan culture also sowed the seeds for a revitalised resistance to colonial rule. Logan was replaced by Colonel Robert Tate.
Mau leadership[edit]
Mau prisoners being transported in the capital Apia
The groundswell of support among Samoans for the Mau came from the leadership of Samoan matai, the heads of families in Samoa's traditional socio-political structure. Family and chiefly title connections, a central part of Samoan culture, were used to harness support. The success of the Mau in gathering national support showed that fa'a Samoa was still strong [2] despite colonialism.
Olaf Frederick Nelson, one of the leaders of the new Mau movement, was a successful merchant of mixed Swedish and Samoan heritage. Nelson was the richest man in Samoa at the time and well-travelled. He was frustrated by the colonial administration's exclusion of native and part-Samoans from governance. Notably, he was one of many who had lost a child to the influenza epidemic of 1919 in addition to his mother, sister, only brother, and sister in-law. Although classified as a European, he considered himself Samoan "by birth blood and sentiment."
New Zealand sailors removing the white strip from lava-lava, the Mau uniform, circa 1930
In reality, however, the Mau was built upon the traditional forms of Samoan political organisation. In each village that joined the movement, a committee was formed, consisting of the chiefs and "talking men". These committees formed the basic element of an alternative system of governance, and the tendency of Samoans to unite under traditional leadership meant that by the midto late 1920s, around 85% of the Samoan population was involved in open resistance.
Following another visit to New Zealand to petition the Government, Nelson was exiled from Samoa along with two other part-European Mau leaders. The petition, which lead to the formation of a joint select committee to investigate the situation in Samoa, quoted an ancient Samoan proverb: "We are moved by love, but never driven by intimidation."
Civil disobedience[edit]
As the select committee was forced to admit, "a very substantial proportion of Samoans had joined the Mau, a number quite sufficient, if they determined to resist and thwart the activities of the Administration, to paralyse the functions of government."
With his attempt at repression turning to ridicule, Richard offered pardons to all those arrested; however, arrestees demanded to be dealt with by the court, and then refused to enter pleas to demonstrate their rejection of the court's jurisdiction.
Black Saturday, 28 December 1929[edit]
Mau demonstration in Apia, 1929
New Zealand police in Samoa during the Mau movement
As he lay dying, Tamesese III made this statement to his followers;
Grave of Tupua Tamasese Lealofi III in Lepea village with inscription of his last words in the Samoan language.
Following the massacre, male Mau members fled to the mountains, the traditional retreat of those defeated in war. The resistance continued by other means, with the emergence of a women's Mau to continue the councils, parades and symbolic protests that the men now could not. For the women's movement, even the game of cricket represented an act of defiance inviting official harassment.
Tupua Tamasese Lealofi III lying in state at Vaimoso village, 1930.
Moving towards independence[edit]
High chief Mata'afa Faumuina Fiame Mulinu'u I, a leader of the Mau who became President of the Mau following Tamasese's death, circa 1930.
The leaders of the women's Mau; Mrs Tuimaliifano, Mrs Tamasese, Mrs Nelson, Mrs Faumuina, ca 1930, (photo by Alfred John Tattersall).
1962 independence[edit]
Fiame Mata'afa Faumuina Mulinu'u II (1921–1975), the son of another high chief and Mau leader Mata'afa Faumuina Fiame Mulinu'u I, became the first Prime Minister of Samoa.
In July 1997, the Samoa Constitution was amended to change the country's name to Samoa, and officially the Independent State of Samoa.[6]
New Zealand apology to Samoa[edit]
In 2002, Helen Clark, Prime Minister of New Zealand made an unprecedented move and apologised to Samoa for New Zealand's treatment of Samoans during the colonial era.[7] Clark made the apology in the capital Apia during the 40th anniversary of Samoa's independence. The apology covered the influenza epidemic of 1918, the shooting of unarmed Mau protesters by New Zealand police in 1929 and the banishing of matai (chiefs) from their homes.[8]
An American Samoa Mau[edit]
The Mau had manifestations in both the Western and Eastern Samoan island groups. The Mau movement emerged as an articulated of an indigenous response to the U.S. annexation of the eastern Samoan islands in 1899. It featured the signing of petitions in efforts to enact political transformation vis-a-vis American colonial government, and included effort to resist taxation of copra.
There was an American Samoa Mau that took place in Tutuila in American Samoa in the 1920s. It emerged as a result of fluctuating prices of copra and represented an open affront to the American Navy and its patterns of treatment of the indigenous Samoan people and failure to respect Samoan customs, conceptions of self-government and the Samoan way of life. This movement received a lot of press in the United States, both favourable and unfavourable. The leader of the movement, Samuel Ripley of Leone, Tutuila, was in effect exiled from American Samoa, when he was barred by the US Navy authorities from disembarking from a ship returning to Pagopago from California, and he was never allowed to return to his homeland. He eventually became the mayor of Richmond, California. The United States sent a committee to American Samoa in 1930, including US citizens from Hawaii who had a prominent role in the overthrow of the Hawaiian kingdom and Queen Lili'uokalani. Their report, favourable to the


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EOS Python-Demux
Python Demux for EOS
py-demux-eos is an implementation of the Demux library for Python
What is Demux?
Demux is a library and design pattern introduced by in July 2018. It allows programmers to reduce the cost of querying data in EOSIO blockchain applications. EOSIO smart contracts can store application data either in RAM or in the chain history. RAM is expensive and the chain state would be slow if the end user has to poll every block to look for events. The demux library polls the block chain, parses the actions and passes them onto another program which can write them into a local database and can quickly serve queries. A good example of this would be if we wrote a DEX (decentralised exchange), we would need to store the order book in a table in RAM but when a user wishes to complete a sale they would obviously want to get the best deal. If we do that in RAM the user who posts an order would pay with RAM and CPU time to update the indexes in the table so that the buyer can quickly find the best deal. With Demux those indexes can be computed off chain and the transaction is quicker and cheaper for both parties. We all want faster and cheaper don't we? That's why we have chosen the EOSIO platfom.
Why write in Python?
Even though Python is one of the worlds most widely used programming languages the main reason is because because Python is often considered a more expressive language, that is writing a program in Python requires less decisions than writing the same program in Javascript. This can be seen in the library we have produced which is approximately one third the size of its inspiration from and we are just a team of three developers doing some block chain and web consulting work with EOSphere.
What are these start_block and commit_block functions you added and why are they useful?
The original Demux also contains an architectural flaw. If a program crashes or otherwise unexpectedly stops part way through processing a block you could end up with only some of the actions in a block recorded in your off chain database. The only way to get back to a known good state might be to reprocess the entire blockchain – millions of blocks. These situations aren't actually very uncommon nor always accidental. In the past we have used deployment strategies that don't guarantee that servers are cleanly shut down before an update in all cases. The core idea is that the programmer using the py-demux-eos library will start a database transaction in the start_block callback function and commit it in the commit_block callback function. This would then guarantee the consistency in the target database. i.e that this would be an atomic operation.
How can I use this library in my program?
The instructions are in the
To install py-demux-eos on your computer.
pip install …
In your Python import the Demux class
from demuxeos import Demux
Instantiate the Demux object, there are several optional parameters
d = Demux('', start_block, commit_block, rollback)
Register action functions
Tell Demux to start processing blocks
Demux will call your callback function as it encounters new blocks and actions.
Demux is a class so we can connect to multiple chains and process them in the same app (our friends EOSphere are working on both EOS-Mainnet, WORBLI and soon to be TELOS). Doing so would require using multi threading though.
How do I get the code?
You can find it here:
There is also a demonstration app here:
What's next?
We are intending to build a module that will integrate this with the Django web framework and store blockchain data in a relational database for easier processing for web applications.
How can I help?
Our work is supported by the EOSphere Australia. If you vote for us 'eosphereiobp' we will be able to create more stuff for you and the ecosystem.
Maybe we can help you with building blockchain and web applications, you can contact us through EOSphere or at
Mark Lockett is a Developer on the EOSphere Team his work is supported by EOSphere
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To become a leading platform for developing and sustaining a diverse and thriving Islamic Community that is an integral part of America in accordance with the Qur'an and the Sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh).
The Mission of SBIA is:
1. To provide Islamic educational, religious and social services
2. To collaborate with other organizations to serve the greater Muslim community
3. To develop a harmonious relationship with neighbors and community at large within the framework of Islam


The radiator cap actually increases the boiling point of your coolant by about 25 C. How does this simple cap do this? The same way a pressure cooker increases the boiling temperature of water. The cap is actually a pressure release valve, and on cars it is usually set to 15 psi. The boiling point of water increases when the water is placed under pressure.


Using R and Excel Together
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January 9, 2009
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I put up a question to the R list on using VBA macros from within excel. It seems you can use R from within Excel and can customize it so that the end user doesnot know R. It is called RExcel (what else !) Quoting Erich from R archives " There is […]
I put up a question to the R list on using VBA macros from within excel. It seems you can use R from within Excel and can customize it so that the end user doesnot know R. It is called RExcel (what else !)
Quoting Erich from R archives "
There is RExcel (available by downloading the CRAN package RExcelInstaller. It allows to transfer data between R and Excel, and run R code from within Excel. So you can start with your data in Excel, let R do an analysis, and transfer the results back to Excel. You can write VBA macros which do this, but "hidden from exposure",
so the Excel user does not even notice that R is doing the hard work.
It also has an Excel worksheet function RApply which allows to call an R function from an Excel cell formula. =RApply("rfun",A1)
would apply the R function rfun to the value in cell A1.
If the value in A1 changes, Excel will force R to recalculate the formula.
There is a (half hour long) video demo about RExcel
at _URL_
_URL_ has more information about the project

This can help save a huge number of costs as Excel is the least expensive analytical software and is present on all analytics companies.

More news on R here _URL_


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Hindu Nose Piercings – A little information
Hindu Nose Piercings and Why Some Women Wear Them
The nose ring is worn by Hindu women married or not. The importance of the nasal stud can also vary from region to region. As in many other cultures and religions, there is no written code in Hinduism about wearing the nose ring or piercing the nose. In some Hindu sects, a nose ring is called a "Nath" and is worn during the wedding as well as being a symbol of the married woman.
There are many communities in the Hindu religion that do not pierce the nose.
Many ancient classical texts don't say too much on the such nose piercings and so there are several theories regarding the use of the nose piercing in the Hindu religion. Some state that the nose stud was not used during ancient times and it was introduced by invaders during the 11th century.
Another school of thought quotes the ancient Ayurvedic text Sushruta Samhita (Chikitsa Sthana, chapter 19) to suggest that nose piercings were prevalent in ancient times. Nose piercings near a particular area of the nostril is thought to decrease pain during the menstrual cycle. Some also believe that it protects women against nasal infections.
The nose piercing is widely worn in southern India, particularly in Tamil Nadu and parts of Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka, by married and unmarried young women. This is known as "mookkutthi". In some cases, women wear a stud on both arears/sides of the nose. The nose studs of Konkani wives from Goa are famous especially for their design, which are adorned with small fish or birds. The nose piercing is not the preferred choice in South India.
In North India and in many communities it is a must at wedding ceremonies. A nose ring or pin or stud can be made of gold, pearl and diamond. In some Hindu communities, the nose piercing is never removed and it is a symbol of married women like the Sindoor and Mangal sutra and is an essential part of Shodash Shringar or Solah sringar – the sixteen process of embellishing a bride.
There is no uniformity in wearing the stud or nose ring. In some areas it is worn on the left side of the nose and in some areas it is on the right. For example, a Maharashtra bride wears it on the left. In Gujarat, it is worn on the right. The size and style of the nose nose also varies from region to region. The big nose ring is only worn on the wedding day. Some communities opt for small nose rings. Piercings or rings are used in Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Himachal Pradesh and Punjab.
There is also a kind of septum (the dividing part between two cavities) piercing, which is also popular as a nose piercing, in Nepal and parts of northern India, including Rajasthan and Himachal. Pradesh. This nasal ring is known as "Bulak". Such piercing is also practised in eastern India by some communities.
Nowadays, some Hindu women see nose studs as part of modern fashion jewellery. Some also fight against the wearing of nose rings that act as an obstacle in their daily activities.
Why not check out our Nose Piercing page.


text: Compound dry and hot events (i.e. concurrent or consecutive occurrences of dry and hot events), which may cause larger impacts than those caused by extreme events occurring in isolation, have attracted wide attention in recent decades. Increased occurrences of compound dry and hot events in different regions around the globe highlight the importance of improved understanding and modeling of these events so that they can be tracked and predicted ahead of time. In this study, a monitoring and prediction system of compound dry and hot events at the global scale is introduced. The monitoring component consists of two indicators (standardized compound event indicator and a binary variable) that incorporate both dry and hot conditions for characterizing the severity and occurrence. The two indicators are shown to perform well in depicting compound dry and hot events during JuneJulyAugust 2010 in western Russia. The prediction component consists of two statistical models, including a conditional distribution model and a logistic regression model, for predicting compound dry and hot events based on El NioSouthern Oscillation, which is shown to significantly affect compound events of several regions, including northern South America, southern Africa, southeast Asia, and Australia. These models are shown to perform well in predicting compound events in large regions (e.g. northern South America and southern Africa) during DecemberJanuaryFebruary 20152016. This monitoring and prediction system could be useful for providing early warning information of compound dry and hot events.


Clyde Windfarm
Clyde is the largest wind farm in the UK and CDTS were contracted by Blackwells to hydroseed over 1 million m2 of special moorland grasses.
Hydroseeding was used to restore the soil disturbed by the installation of the turbinesand the areas adjacent to the access tracks. Due to the environmentally sensitive nature of the site, a site specific seed mix was formulated based on the local species found in the vicinity of the wind farm. The mix contained Heathers, Bilberries and moorland grasses like Cotton Grass.
CDTS carried out the hydroseeding using their largest hydroseeder a 6000lt, self propelled, four wheel drive unit, which was ideally suited to the conditions due to its ability to manoeuvre around site safely and hydroseed up to 30,000m2 per day. This contract has been successfully completed.


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In addition to the above parameters, the SRM agent supports additional configuration variables. Each of the variables described in this section is both an OTcl class variable and an OTcl object's instance variable. Changing the class variable changes the default value for all agents that are created subsequently. Changing the instance variable of a particular agent only affects the values used by that agent. For example,
Agent/SRM set D1_ 2.0 # Changes the class variable; $srm set D1_ 2.0 # Changes D1_ for the particular $srm object only;
The default request and repair timer parameters for each SRM agent are:
Agent/SRM set C1_ 2.0 # request parameters; Agent/SRM set C2_ 2.0 Agent/SRM set D1_ 1.0 # repair parameters; Agent/SRM set D2_ 1.0It is thus possible to trivially obtain two flavors of SRM agents based on whether the agents use probabilistic or deterministic suppression by using the following definitions:
Class Agent/SRM/Deterministic -superclass Agent/SRM Agent/SRM/Deterministic set C2_ 0.0 Agent/SRM/Deterministic set D2_ 0.0 Class Agent/SRM/Probabilistic -superclass Agent/SRM Agent/SRM/Probabilistic set C1_ 0.0 Agent/SRM/Probabilistic set D1_ 0.0In a later sectionSectionsec:extensions, we will discuss other ways of extending the SRM agent.
Timer related functions are handled by separate objects belonging to the class SRM. Timers are required for loss recovery and sending periodic session messages. There are loss recovery objects to send request and repair messages. The agent creates a separate request or repair object to handle each loss. In contrast, the agent only creates one session object to send periodic session messages. The default classes the express each of these functions are:
Agent/SRM set requestFunction_ "SRM/request" Agent/SRM set repairFunction_ "SRM/repair" Agent/SRM set sessionFunction_ "SRM/session" Agent/SRM set requestBackoffLimit_ 5 # parameter to requestFunction_; Agent/SRM set sessionDelay_ 1.0 # parameter to sessionFunction_;The instance procedures requestFunction../ns-/srm.tclAgent/SRM::requestFunction, repairFunction../ns-/srm.tclAgent/SRM::repairFunction, and sessionFunction../ns-/srm.tclAgent/SRM::sessionFunction can be used to change the default function for individual agents. The last two lines are specific parameters used by the request and session objects. The following sectionSectionsec:architecture describes the implementation of theses objects in greater detail.
Tom Henderson 2011-11-05


text: This paper studies the pricing strategies for personalized product bundles. In such problems, a seller provides a variety of products for which customers can construct a personalized bundle and send a request for quote (RFQ) to the seller. The seller, after reviewing the RFQ, has to determine a price based on which the customer either purchases the whole bundle or nothing. Such problems are faced by many companies in practice, and they are very difficult because of the potential unlimited possible configurations of the bundle and the correlations among the individual products. In this paper, we propose a novel top-down and bottom-up approach to solve this problem. In the top-down step, we decompose the bundle into each component and calibrate a value score for each component. In the bottom-up step, we aggregate the components back to the bundle, define important features of the bundle, and segment different RFQs by those bundle features as well as customer attributes. Then we estimate a utility function for each segment based on historical sales data and derive an optimal price for each incoming RFQ. We show that such a model overcomes the aforementioned difficulties and can be implemented efficiently. We test our approach using empirical data from a major information technology service provider and the test result shows that the proposed approach can improve the effectiveness of pricing significantly.


Jina Python API Reference
jina.import_classes(namespace, targets=None, show_import_table=False, import_once=False)[source]
Import all or selected executors into the runtime. This is called when Jina is first imported for registering the YAML constructor beforehand. It can be also used to import third-part or external executors.
Parameters
 - namespace (str) – the namespace to import
 - targets – the list of executor names to import
 - show_import_table (bool) – show the import result as a table
 - import_once (bool) – import everything only once, to avoid repeated import
jina.raise_nofile(nofile_atleast=4096)[source]
sets nofile soft limit to at least 4096, useful for running matlplotlib/seaborn on parallel executing plot generators vs. Ubuntu default ulimit -n 1024 or OS X El Captian 256 temporary setting extinguishing with Python session.


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Gove PeninsulaArticle Free Pass
Gove Peninsula, peninsula extending from the northeastern corner of Arnhem Land, Northern Territory, Australia, into the Arafura Sea. An estimated 200 million tons of bauxite were discovered there in 1952. A consortium began mining operations in 1971 and opened a reduction plant to produce alumina in 1972. The company built the town of Nhulunbuy to house the miners and plant workers. The Peninsula is part of an Aboriginal reserve, and the mining company pays royalties to the Aboriginal Benefits Trust Fund.
What made you want to look up "Gove Peninsula"? Please share what surprised you most...


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That which is entailed.
- To have, impose, or require as a necessary accompaniment or consequence: The investment entailed a high risk. The proposition X is a rose entails the proposition X is a flower because all roses are flowers.
- To limit the inheritance of (property) to a specified succession of heirs.
- To bestow or impose on a person or a specified succession of heirs.
- The act of entailing, especially property.
- The state of being entailed.
- An entailed estate.
- A predetermined order of succession, as to an estate or to an office.
- Something transmitted as if by unalterable inheritance.


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Occupational hygiene and environmental pollution studies
From its inception, the National Institute for Silicosis has carried out medical and technical studies in the areas of occupational hygiene and environmental health, focusing mainly on the prevention of respiratory pathologies. These studies, most of them performed by the Technical Department, have spread their field of activity and have carried out researches in other areas within occupational hygiene, not only related to respiratory health.
The development of practical studies makes the National Institute for Silicosis an institution with a unique experience by combining theory, research experience, as well as practical knowledge.
The fields within which the Institute carries out this type of activities are:
- Dust and silica
- Gases and aerosols
- Diesel fumes
- Indoor and outdoor air quality
- Radon gas
- Noise and vibrations
- Thermal stress
- Toxic agents
- Respiratory fit testing


How Do I Transfer My IBAN Number?
What can I use instead of IBAN?
Banks in the United States don't use IBAN codes to identify specific banks or account numbers.
We instead use SWIFT codes and routing numbers..
Is Iban enough for transfer?
How many digits is an Iban?
What is my IBAN account number?
You can find your International Bank Account Number (IBAN) and Bank Identifier Code (BIC or SWIFT) on your paper statement or by logging in to Online Banking. To find your IBAN or BIC number online: Log in to Online Banking at
Is it safe to give IBAN number?
Giving out IBAN (and BIC) is completely safe, and it is done routinely in at least the EU whenever transferring money to e.g. buy stuff from strangers. People can deposit money there without your approval, but they can never withdraw anything.
How do I transfer an IBAN number?
the recipient's full name and address. the recipient's IBAN (International Bank Account Number) or account number. the name and address of the recipient's bank – including the BIC* (Banking Identifier Code) / SWIFT code / clearing code. the amount you want to transfer.
Can I use swift code instead of IBAN?
International Bank Account Number (IBAN) vs. Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication (SWIFT) Code: An Overview. … A SWIFT code is used to identify a specific bank during an international transaction, whereas an IBAN is used to identify an individual account involved in the international transaction.
What is an IBAN number for wire transfers?
IBAN stands for International Bank Account Number. It's an internationally-agreed code made up of up to 34 letters and numbers that helps banks to process transfers around the world. Each set of characters represents a different detail for your bank account.
Can swift payments reversed?
Can I use IBAN instead of account number?
An IBAN, or international bank account number, is a standard international numbering system developed to identify an overseas bank account. … However, an IBAN does not replace a bank's own account number, as it's only meant to provide additional information that helps in identifying overseas payments.
Which countries use IBAN?
Is IBAN the same as Clabe?
An Internationa Bank Account Number (IBAN) is a series of alphanumeric characters that uniquely identifies an account held predominantly by banks in Eurozone countries. Clave Bancaria Esandarizada (CLABE) is a standard 18-digit number for bank accounts in Mexico.
How do I get an IBAN number?
What happens if you use the wrong IBAN number?
Do all accounts have an IBAN number?
IBANs are written using a standard format across all of the countries that use them. They contain all of the information needed to locate one specific bank account from the millions of accounts held throughout Europe. Have a look at this IBAN example to see how your own international bank account number is constructed.
What will happens if swift code is wrong?
What is an IBAN code for a bank?
International Bank Account NumberIBAN stands for International Bank Account Number, which you can use when making or receiving international payments. Your IBAN doesn't replace your sort code & account number ─ it's an additional number with extra information to help overseas banks identify your account for payments.


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By screening for neuropeptides in the mouse spinal cord using mass spectrometry (MS), we have previously demonstrated that one of the 78 peptides that is expressed predominantly (> 6-fold) in the dorsal horn compared to the ventral spinal cord is the atypical peptide desCER [des-Ser1]-cerebellin, which originates from the precursor protein cerebellin 1 (CBLN1). Furthermore, we found that intrathecal injection of desCER induces mechanical hypersensitivity in a dose dependent manner. The current study was designed to further investigate the relative expression of other CBLN derived peptides in the spinal cord and to examine whether they share similar nociceptive properties. In addition to the peptides cerebellin (CER) and desCER we identified and relatively quantified nine novel peptides originating from cerebellin precursor proteins CBLN1 (two peptides), CBLN2 (three peptides) and CBLN4 (four peptides). Ten out of eleven peptides displayed statistically significantly (p < 0.05) higher expression levels (200-350%) in the dorsal horn compared to the ventral horn. Intrathecal injection of three of the four CBLN1 and two of the three CBLN2 derived peptides induced mechanical hypersensitivity in response to von Frey filament testing in mice during the first 6 h post-injection compared to saline injected mice, while none of the four CBLN4 derived peptides altered withdrawal thresholds. This study demonstrates that high performance MS is an effective tool for detecting novel neuropeptides in CNS tissues. We show the presence of nine novel atypical peptides originating from CBLN1, CBLN2 and CBLN4 precursor proteins in the mouse dorsal horn, whereof five peptides induce pain-like behavior upon intrathecal injection. Further studies are required to investigate the mechanisms by which CBLN1 and CBLN2 derived peptides facilitate nociceptive signal transmission.
Keywords: Cerebellin; Mass spectrometry; Neuropeptides; Nociception; Pain; Peptidomics.
Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.


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By Bob Hanckel on Jul 26, 2013
Oracle Loader for Hadoop: OCI Direct
the previous tutorial post we discussed the basic mechanics and structure of an
OLH job using JDBC. In this post we move
on to the more mainstream method used for OLH, specifically OCI Direct
Path. The focus here is on loading
Oracle tables with really big data, and we will discuss how to do this
efficiently, and provide some basic rules for optimizing load performance. We will discuss the mechanics of
submitting an OLH job, and then take a dive into why this OLH load method is
what you want to use for most situations.
The Structure of an OLH Command using OCI Direct Path
The structure of an OLH command using OCI Direct Path is very similar to the structure we described for submitting a JDBC load:
The new file we are using, "dlOutput.xml", specifies the output format is OCI Direct Path (and not JDBC):
So switching from JDBC to OCI Direct Path is trivial. A little less trivial is why OCI Direct Path is preferred and what rules you should know to make this type of loading perform well and to maximize efficiency.
Rule 1: When using OCI Direct Path the target table must be partitioned.
This might sounds like a constraint, but practically speaking it isn't.
Exploiting Oracle Table Partitioning
A full understanding of Oracle table partitioning goes beyond the scope of this tutorial, and you would be advised to read related documentation that gets into this subject in depth, but for the sake of readers who live mostly in the world of Hadoop and have a limited understanding of Oracle let's briefly outline the basics of what Oracle table partitioning is and why it is essential to understand.
Rule 2: If you are loading really big data into an Oracle table, your Oracle table will want to be partitioned.
The reason is pretty simple. Table partitions are Oracle's method of breaking up a table into workloads that can be optimized transparently by SQL. In the same way MapReduce jobs scale out by breaking up a workload into data blocks and scheduling tasks to work in parallel against data blocks, Oracle SQL does the same with partitions. This is not only true for querying but it is also true for doing big loads.
Let's look at the "fivdti" table we have been using. A flat table would be declared like this:
A partitioned table declaration, using a hash partitioning scheme would look like this:
PARTITION BY HASH(i7)
With the simple addition of the partition clause at the bottom of the CREATE TABLE clause, you've empowered Oracle to exploit big optimizations for processing. The clause tells Oracle that the table should be divided into 10 partitions, and the partition for a row is determined by performing a hash operation on the value of the i7 column. If you were to compare load rates using OLH, SQL*Loader, or SQL for the flat table and the table that is partitioned, you would typically see a dramatic difference that favors partitioning. The same holds true for SQL. When querying partitioned tables, SQL can do all sorts of tricks under the covers to use parallel query technology that subdivides a job and maximizes parallel CPU and IO.
Oracle table partitioning comes in various flavors such as hash, list, and range. They also can be composites of the same. OLH supports all partition methods except reference partitioning and virtual column-based partitioning.
Advantages of OCI Direct Path
OCI Direct Path is a well-established method of loading data into Oracle using OCI (Oracle's C based client interface) or SQL*Loader. It is a code path dedicated to bulk loading and its key advantage is that it bypasses Oracle SQL, which makes it very efficient.
Virtually all relational database systems including Oracle are built on two layers of software: one for managing data at the row level (i.e. SQL), and another for managing data at the block level (i.e. storage). Loading through SQL (i.e. Oracle's front door) is expensive. It's okay when one is inserting a singleton row or a small array of rows, but it uses a lot of code path before the rows are passed onto storage and are copied into data blocks that ultimately get written to disk.
OCI Direct Path load is a short cut with an API whose code path both on the client and in the Oracle database is streamlined for loading. It does the work of preparing rows for storage in data blocks using client resources. (For our case the client is OLH running in Hadoop.) It then sends blocks of rows to Oracle's storage layer in a form close to what will be written to disk on a code path that minimizes contention: rows don't need to pass through Oracle's buffer cache layer. It also maximizes parallelism for multi-block IO. OCI Direct Path can also take advantage of presorted data which helps if it needs to build indexes for a table.
Running an OLH Job With OCI Direct Path
This pretty much looks the same as running a job with JDBC, except that the reduce phase always executes (since the target table is partitioned), and it is much faster. For both JDBC and OCI Direct Path the actual loading of the Oracle table occurs when the Reduce phase is 67% complete. For large loads approximating or exceeding a terabyte you will see a big difference in the time spent in this phase. OCI Direct Path is much faster than JDBC.
Are You Balanced?
Rule 3: After running an OLH load, check out the Oraloader report to see if it is balanced.
After the run of a successful OLH job, the output directory (specified by the "mapred.output.dir" property) generates an elegant report called "oraloader-report.txt" that details the work done in the reduce phase. It identifies reducer tasks that ran and associated statistics of their workload: bytes loaded, records loaded, and duration of the tasks (in seconds). If the load is not balanced, the values for bytes and duration will vary significantly between reduce tasks, and you will want to make adjustments.
Optimizing OLH and OCI Direct Path
Now we will discuss basic steps to optimize OLH using OCI Direct Path:
· Choosing a good number for Reducer Tasks
· Enabling the OLH Sampler
· Finding the sweet spot for Hadoop Map Reduce payloads
· If possible load using SDP transport protocol
Choosing a Number for Reducer Tasks
Rule 4: When using OCI Direct Path you want to choose the number of reducer tasks to be close to a multiple of the number of reducer slots allocated on your Hadoop cluster.
Reducer slots in Hadoop mean the number of processes that can run in a Hadoop cluster at once, performing the reduce phase for an OLH job. The Hadoop Map/Reduce Administration UI displays this as Reduce Task Capacity. Typically you choose some multiple of the number of reducer slots available. For example if the reduce task capacity in the Hadoop cluster is 50, then a mapred.reduce.tasks value of 50 or 100 should work well.
The purpose of this rule is to try to get reducers running and loading at the same time, and to make sure all available slots are being used. Not doing this can be costly. For example, suppose there are 50 reducer slots but you set the number of reducer tasks to 51. If reduce loads are balanced then the 50 reducer slots will start and finish at roughly the same time, but you will to wait for the singleton 51st task to run, which will double the time the reduce phase spends loading the data.
Rule 4 only works fully to your advantage when the data
sets are balanced (i.e. you are using the Sampler) and your OLH job is not
competing with other ongoing Map Reduce jobs that can steal reduce slots that
you were expecting to use. Note that Apache actually recommends a value close to a multiple of the number of reducer slots, for dealing with situations where reducers are not balanced.
This takes us to the next rule.
Rule 5: Always use the OLH Sampler.
The OLH Sampler
The OLH Sampler is an optional feature of OLH that does a great job of balancing the workloads of reducer tasks when partitions are not balanced. (Note that the Sampler works with all OLH load methods, not just OCI Direct Path). You can control the Sampler manually by setting the following property to "true" or "false" (for recent versions of OLH the Sampler is turned on by default):
For example, suppose I had a customer table which was partitioned using list partitioning representing the fifty states in the United States. Most likely the partition representing California will be much larger than the state of New Hampshire. Without enabling the OLH Sampler, a single reducer task has the burden of publishing a whole partition. This means that one reducer will have to publish California records while another will be tasked to publish the records from New Hampshire. This will cause skew, where some tasks have bigger workloads than others. The OLH Sampler addresses this pathology, and breaks up large partitions into smaller equal sized units that can be dispatched evenly across various reducer tasks.
The overhead of the OLH Sampler is very small for big data payloads. A Hadoop Map Reduce job typically takes minutes or hours, and the sampler overhead typically takes a few seconds. (OLH console output tells you at the outset if the Sampler is running and how much time it cost.) It runs at the beginning of the Map Reduce job and samples the dataset to determine differences between partition sizes, it then creates an partition strategy which balances the reduce load evenly.
Another pathology that the Samper addresses is when you have more available reducer slots than partitions in your table. For instance suppose your table has 10 partitions but your


text:
This Military Lending Act online training course was originally enacted in 2006 and is implemented by the Department of Defense. The Act protects active-duty members of the military, their spouses, and dependents from certain lending practices. These practices could pose a risk for servicemembers and their families, a threat to military readiness, and affect servicemember retention. This course provides details on the definitions, applicability, procedures, and laws regarding the Military Lending Act. This course is intended for all lending department personnel and compliance professionals.
Course Learning Objectives
By taking this online Military Lending Act course, the user will learn to:
- Know which loan applications apply to the MLA
- Determine if your applicant is a covered borrower in the appropriate manner and timing
- Understand and explain the protections the MLS provides to covered borrowers
- Ensure compliance with the laws
This online Military Lending Act course is made up of the following sections:
- Covered Loans
- Cover Borrowers
- Determining a Covered Borrower
- Disclosure Requirements
- Other Limitations
This Military Lending Act training course was designed for bank employees including lending department personnel and compliance professionals.
If you have any concerns as to whether this course is appropriate for you or your industry, please browse our full selection of online courses.