Definitions for danish pastry
This page provides all possible meanings and translations of the word danish pastry
Random House Webster's College Dictionary
Dan′ish pas′try(n.)
 1. a rich, flaky, yeast-leavened pastry, often filled with cheese, nuts, or fruit.
 Category: Cooking
Origin of Danish pastry:
Princeton's WordNet
 1. danish, danish pastry(noun)
 light sweet yeast-raised roll usually filled with fruits or cheese
 1. Danish pastry
 A Danish pastry, sometimes abbreviated Danish especially in the United States, is a viennoiserie pastry, of Viennese origin, which has become a specialty of Denmark and neighboring Scandinavian countries. Certain other countries, like the United States, commonly consume Danish pastries. It is called wienerbrød in Denmark, Finland, Iceland, the Faroe Islands, Norway and Sweden. It is referred to as facturas in some Spanish speaking countries. In Vienna, the Danish is referred to as "Plundergebäck" or "Golatschen". Like other viennoiserie pastries, such as croissants, danishes are made of laminated yeast-leavened doughs, creating a layered texture similar to a puff pastry.
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Troubleshooting a ControlLogix Output 2
Introduction to Troubleshooting a ControlLogix Output
The most common problems on a system using ControlLogix are usually field devices. Occasionally an I/O module can fail. Most of the time, however we are using RSLogix/Studio 5000 to find a failed field device. In this document, we will be troubleshooting a ControlLogix output. We will locate the output in the project. Then we will navigate through the project to find the reason why the processor is not calling for an output to energize. One reason the output might not energize is because the processor is not getting an input, such as a limit switch, or a selector switch.
Most of the time, there will be just one field device that we are not getting a signal from. In this example, however, we will have multiple field devices that are not made. This will give you a better understanding of how to navigate, and locate the I/O.
Our goal here is not to change logic or the operation of the equipment in any way, but to use Studio 500 as a tool to locate failed field devices.
Understanding the Chassis Layout
When troubleshooting a ControlLogix output, you might first locate the failed output on a schematic. Your schematic will show you what chassis the output is connected to, the slot, and the terminal. If you only have one chassis with a processor, we can always start by locating the Local controller tag. All tags for all modules where the processor resides will start with the name "Local". Tags for modules in remote chassis will begin with the name of the adapter in that chassis.
Consider the following layout:
Chassis Layout
As we said before, all tags for all modules in the top chassis will begin with the name "Local". Tags for the modules in the middle chassis will be named "remote_asb". We can find this name by expanding the I/O tree under I/O configuration in the RSLogix/Studio 500 project. Similarly, we know that all tags for modules in the last chassis will be named "remote_aent".
The output we will be troubleshooting in this example is shown above. This output is in the Local chassis, slot 6, terminal 0.

Locating the output in the ControlLogix project.
Be sure you are online with the processor. This will ensure the data that we are looking at is in real time. Next, go to Controller Tags.
Controller Tags

Now find the local tag for slot 6. Since this is an output module. This will be easy to decipher. We know the chassis name is Local, so find the controller tag for slot 6. We know this is an output module, so expand the Local:6:O tag. Then expand the data component of this tag.
Local 6
We will cross reference bit 0 of this tag to locate it's output in logic. Right click to cross reference. You cannot left click first, or Studio 5000 will think you want to cut, copy, or paste. Right click only, and choose "Go to Cross Reference for Local:6:O.Data.0".
Cross Reference
Notice the next window that opens. Usually, you will have only one instruction that is destructive. You can look in the destructive column for the "Y". An instruction that is destructive has the ability to change the value of the tag. We want to go to this tag to find out why it's not turning the bit on. In this case, we do have two instructions that are destructive, so we ask ourselves which one will energize the bit. The OTU (Output to Unlatch) will shut the bit off. We are wanting to turn the bit on, so we will double click the OTE (Output to Energize) instruction.
Destructive
This takes us to the output in logic.
Light 0 Output
Using Bookmarks
Studio 5000 has a nice book mark system built in. However, this is normally shut off by default. To turn on the bookmarks, go to View | Toolbars at the top of your project window. Put a check mark next to "Bookmark Toolbar".
Turn on Bookmarks
Now, you will notice "flag" icons have been added to your project. The first two icons will let you navigate between previous and next bookmarks. The middle icon (single flag) will toggle a bookmark at this location in logic. The third icon (with the x) removes all bookmarks. The last icon allows you to manage all bookmarks individually. Here, most of the icons are grey, because we don't have any bookmarks yet.
bookmark toolbar
As a rule of thumb, I will usually bookmark the first rung I come to. This way, if I get totally lost in logic, I can easily get back to the starting point, and start to navigate again. To prevent building up too many bookmarks when navigating logic, I will only bookmark a rung that has more than one condition that I need to trace down. Let's put a bookmark on this rung by pressing the middle bookmark icon.
Rung Bookmarked
You can see the flag underneath the rung number, so we know now that this location is bookmarked.
Navigating logic
Let's look at the conditions before Local_Light.0 You can see the alias information below this tag (Local:6:O.Data.0). You will also notice this is seal-in logic. Once bit_array[0] is true, the output will energize, and seal around bit_array[0]. When bit_array[0] goes false, the output will still remain energized. When we see a rung that seals the output, we can ignore that for now. This is because we have to take another path to get the light to energize in the first place.
We need to cross reference bit_array[0]. To cross reference this bit, be sure you are on the tag itself. You cannot cross reference an instruction, or a description. We need to right click bit_array[0], and cross reference. Then we will go to the destructive instruction.
bit array 0
In the following rung, we can see that bit_array[0] is not energized for two reasons. (The ONS will take care of itself). One condition is a real world input. SLC_Switch.15 is an alias to remote_asb:I.Data[1].15. If you look at the chassis layout above, we know this is on the middle chassis, slot 1, bit 15. If this was in your plant, you could locate this on your schematic to find the field device wired to this terminal. It's possible the input is not made because a limit switch is bent or a wire is broken. Somehow, you need to get a voltage to this terminal, and then you will see the bit intensify in logic (the instruction will turn green). Once this problem is solved, we cross reference safetys[7]. This is an internal bit, and we need to go to it's output.
Bit Zero Output
Here, we see the output safetys[7] is not is not energized because warnings[31] is not made. Again this is an internal bit.
Safety 7
The Final Rung
Now we can see warnings[31] output The only conditions left to fix are real world inputs now. We need to get a voltage on Slot 0 of the bottom chassis, bit 1 (remote_aent).. We also need a voltage on terminal 12, slot 1 of the SLC chassis (remote_asb). You might need your schematic and your meter, but since those are real world inputs, we need to fix them in the real world.
Warning 31
Once all problems have been solved, then we can go back to our bookmark (at our original starting rung). We can see the output is now energized.
Problem Solved
Remember bit_array[0] output had the ONS instruction before it, so it was only true for one scan, however, our output stays on because of the seal.
For more information on ControlLogix, visit the ControlLogix Category page, or simply choose "ControlLogix" from the menu bar above.

–Ricky Bryce
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Deciphering the mechanism of animal magnetic navigation: Geometric phase
by Prof. Ronnie Kosloff
HUJI
at Quantum optics seminar
Wed, 03 May 2023, 16:00
Sacta-Rashi Building for Physics (54), room 207
Abstract
Note that the seminar will be given in-person at the seminar room.
Abstract:
Magnetic sensing is commonly found in migratory species, and was shown to depend on ambient
blue/UV light. We hypothesize that visual opsin with a deprotonated retinal Schiff base as a
chromophore can function as a directional magnetic sensor. This photoreceptor protein is embedded
in a stack of oriented membranes aligned to the visual axis. The absorption in the blue/UV region
of the spectrum is due to the deprotonation of the Schiff base moiety. This form gives rise to n-\pi*
excited states which enables intersystem crossing with the bright \pi-\pi*
excited state. As a result magnetic sensitive triplet electronic states are formed. These triplets are the source of magnetic
sensing. A quantum phenomena based on the geometric phase accumulated by the rotation of
the molecule around the magnetic field axis operates as an interformeter. The actual double bond
isomerization of the retinal chromophore in the excited state around the magnetic axis is the source
of magnetic sensing. Magnetic directional sensitivity is then superimposed on the blue/UV visual
signal.
Created on 01-05-2023 by Folman, Ron (folman)
Updaded on 01-05-2023 by Folman, Ron (folman)


Benchmark – outcome and process measures
In a 1,000-1,250 word paper, consider the outcome and process measures that can be used for CQI. Include the following in your essay:
1. At least two process measures that can be used for CQI.
2. At least one outcome measure that can be used for CQI.
3. A description of why each measure was chosen.
4. An explanation of how data would be collected for each (how each will be measured).
5. An explanation of how success would be determined.
6. One or two data-driven, cost-effective solutions to this challenge.
Click Here to Make an Order Click Here to Hire a Writer


Keeping OSHA 300 log can be a challenge
What happens when an injury is disclosed two months later?
Keeping the OSHA 300 Injury and Illness log for your company can be challenging, as in the following example.
A former employee tells you that he or she had just come from their personal physician about a possible work-related injury. The physician recommended physical therapy and provided a prescription muscle relaxer to your former employee.
However, the event that caused the injury actually occurred almost two months prior. At the time the injury occurred, the employee still worked for you but did not require medical attention beyond first aid, nor did the employee seek additional medical treatment.
Now what are you supposed to do? Is this recordable?
If the physician believes that the injury or illness was a result of the work environment, then it is recordable. If the injury resulted from a known, single event, use that date, even if the injury did not meet the recording criteria until a later time. If the injury or illness develops over time, such as carpal-tunnel syndrome, then the injury is recorded on the date it becomes recordable, or on the date it is diagnosed by a physician or other licensed health care professional.
If you have a "contemporaneous" medical opinion, the employer can choose the opinion which is most authoritative.
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Maya the Bee (Dub)
Watch Maya the Bee (Dub) kissanime
Other name: Mitsubachi Maya no Bouken, みつばちマーヤの冒険
Plot Summary: Maya, a newborn honeybee, brims with curiosity about the world around her. From the time she is born, she is brought up to be a worker bee, but it is difficult for her to understand and follow the strict rules of the hive because of her individuality and strong desire for independence. Having collected all the honey around the honeycomb, Maya decides to set out on an adventure to find a flower garden in order to collect more honey for the hive. Her intentions are noble, but because she leaves the hive without permission the Queen sends Maya's friend Willy to search for the little troublemaker. Willy joins Maya in her quest, and together, beyond the familiar hive, the two friends marvel at the sheer beauty that nature has to offer. Through many experiences—sometimes enjoyable, sometimes terrible or sad—and encounters with various insects, Maya matures into a strong and wise honeybee.
Views: 36 views
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text: Here we present the first 14C ages for the Ascope Canal System (ACS), a large prehispanic hydraulic network in the Chicama Valley on the north coast of Peru. Composed of multiple alignments that irrigated areas north of the river, our results indicate that the ACS was constructed and operated in the Late Intermediate Period, ca. a.d. 1000–1400. This overlaps in time with the Chicama-Moche Intervalley Canal that diverted water on the south side of the Chicama River and extended to the city of Chan Chan. Conservative estimates of discharge capacity indicate that the combined flow through the canals would have exceeded stream flow in the Chicama River during half of the year. The ACS appears to have functioned for several centuries and would have been in direct competition with the Intervalley Canal. There was, apparently, insufficient water for both systems and other Chicama Valley canals during most of the year. This study underscores the complexities of understanding the operations and histories of irrigation systems in complex societies.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
Browse by author
Lookup NU author(s): Dr Hidajat Atmoko,
Professor Gui Yun TianORCiD
Full text for this publication is not currently held within this repository. Alternative links are provided below where available.
This paper introduces a new method for the estimation of sound source distance and direction using at least three microphone sensors in indoor environments. Unlike the other methods that normally use approximations in obtaining the time difference between sensors, this method exploits the existed geometrical relationships of the sensors to form an exact solution to estimating the source position. To overcome reverberation, an enhancing pre-process has been used for different sound sources with different spectra, e.g., single frequency, multiple frequencies and different noise shapes. Source direction and distances are estimated from time of sound wave travel and distances of acoustic sensors. Using the method described in this paper a level of 1° accuracy is obtained. Several experimental tests have been undertaken that verify the results. Conclusions and future work are also described. © 2008 IOP Publishing Ltd.
Author(s): Atmoko H, Tan DC, Tian GY, Fazenda B
Publication type: Article
Publication status: Published
Journal: Measurement Science and Technology
Print publication date: 01/02/2008
ISSN (print): 0957-0233
ISSN (electronic): _PHONE_
Publisher: Institute of Physics Publishing Ltd
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text:
If you have a picture or shape on a slide in PowerPoint, you may sometimes want to only move it in the same vertical or horizontal plane. How do you drag the picture to move it on the slide but keep it in the vertical or horizontal plane? Just press Shift when you are dragging. You can then only move it exactly vertically or horizontally. Make sure you keep the Shift key down until you let go the mouse button.
You can also use this technique in Word and Excel if you have added a picture or shape to the file.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Continuing Education Quality Assurance Manager
- Job posted by American Speech-Language-Hearing Association
2200 Research Boulevard
The purpose of the position is to support the work of the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association's (ASHA) Continuing Education (CE) program by ensuring there is quality and consistency in the daily functions performed by the individuals in the CE Accounts Manager and CE Provider Manager positions This incumbent reports directly to the Associate Director of CE Operations and is a liaison between the CE Account Managers, the CE Provider Managers, and the Associate Director of CE Operations.
- Develop, implement, and maintain standard operating procedures, policies, and processes related to the day-to-day operations to ensure quality and consistency.
- Serve as the lead technical and informational resource to Accounts Manager and Provider Manager team members. Work with teams to facilitate calibration and decision-making.
- Train CE Accounts Managers and Provider Mangers on position responsibilities, service delivery techniques, ASHA CE policies and procedures, and systems utilization.
- Identify and facilitate process improvements. Use data and trends to recommend and implement changes to processes and procedures.
- Assist in generating, updating, and disseminating reports and task schedules. Manage and document daily scheduling changes to ensure office coverage.
- Oversee the customer service experience. Troubleshoot escalated issues.
- Operate as a Provider Manager and Account Manager for a small caseload of new Providers and Providers with compliance challenges, ensuring consistency in the onboarding and retraining processes for Providers.
- Ensure CE Providers understand and implement processes needed to adhere to internal system restrictions, CEB requirements, and adult learning best practices.
Knowledge Typically Acquired Through
- Bachelor's degree
- Supervisory or demonstrated leadership experience
- Experience working with accreditation or standard based programs or regulatory bodies is preferred.
- Quality management experience is preferred; Have used tools, concepts and methodologies related to Quality Assurance
Scope and Depth of Technical Skills/Knowledge
- Collect and analyze data to inform business decisions
- Use an AMS and/or CMS database management system; experience with netForum, preferred
- Train adults
- Proficiently use Microsoft Office Suite, specifically Microsoft Excel and/or program management software, to produce reports including graphs and pivot tables
- Produce training materials, presentations, and business correspondence
- Manage process improvements, program/project management, and/or standards implementation
- Use adult learning principles and continuing education related best practices and standards
Scope and Depth of Non-Technical Skills/Knowledge
- Take initiative
- Use critical thinking and planning skills
- Build strong relationships, and work independently and as part of a team, excellent interpersonal skills
- Use communication skills, both orally and in writing;
- Organize and prioritize multiple complex projects/tasks and efficiently manage workload; is detail oriented
Health, Vision, Dental Insurance, Short Term & Long Term Disability, 401k, Wellness Classes, Flextime, Flexplace, Telecommuting, Carpool, Annual Leave, Sick Leave, Paid Holidays
Minimum Education Required


text:
One of art of music originated from Java Indonesia culture is gamelan. Gamelan instruments is a music ensemble (a group of people which plays music instrument or sings) which emphasize on kendang (drum with skin membrane), gong (a large metal disk that makes a resounding sound when struck), metalofon, and gambang (one of javanese gamelan instruments made from 18 slice of woods, played by hit the slices with certain stick).
Based on java mythology, there was a god conquered the whole java island and his palace is in lawu mountain in central java. To call the gods, he invented gong, and finally it form a set of a complete one.
At the beginning, Indonesian gamelan instruments are made based on relief on Borobudur temple in the 8th century. In the relief, there are some musical instrument consist of kendang, suling (flute made from bamboo), kecapi, and bell. Since, the said music instruments became the music instruments in Javanese gamelan music.
The javanese gamelan term refers to equipment or intruments and it's a one unity which played together. Gamelan comes from Javanese words, gamel, means to hit/to play. This verb is added with suffix –an and changed into noun, gamelan. Gamelan mainly made from wood and gangsa (a kind of metal mixed with copper or tin). A set of gamelan usually consist of kendang, bonang, gender, gambang, suling, siter, clempung, slenthem, demung, saron, kenong, kethuk, japan, kempyang, kempul, peking and gong.
In Indonesia gamelan orchestra can be found in java island, Madura, bali and Lombok island, with various size and ensemble. The term gong is synonymous with gamelan word for Bali and Lombok Island.
Gamelan in java not only played to escort art of voice (singing), dancing, or in puppet performance (wayang) only, but it also played in formal royal ceremony in javanese culture. Especially if there is royal family member who hold a Javanese traditional wedding. Javanese will play gamelan when the wedding occurs.
Gamelan music in java area itself is called karawitan. Karawitan is a term to title a soft gamelan music song. Karawitan arts which uses gamelan in the art of dancing and singing such as singing art consist of sinden, gerong, sendon and celuk. Art of puppetries (wayang) consists of leather puppet (wayang kulit), klithik puppets (wayang klithik), beber puppets (wayang beber) and so on. And the last one is dancing, such as srimpi dance, bedaya, golek, wireng and pethilan dance.
The way to adjust tones and the producing of gamelan can be concluded to be complex. There are four ways of adjusting tones, first is slendro. Slendro is one between two scaled of tones. This scale is more understandable than in pelog.
Secondly is pelog. Pelog is one of two scales, uses in original Bali and Javanese gamelan. Musical chord of pelog can be made by combining the 4th perfect interval with other wider intervals. Musical chord of pelog consists of seven different tones. The all seven are, 'barang, dada, nem, gulu, lima, nem and pelog'.
The third is degung, and the fourth is madenda. It is the same with original minor music scale.
Though gamelan music widely developed in Java Island, but in some area Indonesian gamelan instruments also exists. In Banjar, Kalimantan island, there are two types of gamelan, Banjar gamelan palace version, and common people version. Bali also has gamelan, which the metal used are thicker metal so the sound produced is more shrill. Bali gamelan characteristic is kind of cymbal called ceng-ceng. This ceng-ceng that creats shrill and fast voice.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Description of the painting by Kazimir Malevich "Aviator"
Description of the painting by Kazimir Malevich Aviator
Malevich is a Russian avant-gardist whose paintings continue to be deciphered to this day. "Black Square" – his most famous work – is currently causing debate, someone considers it absolutely meaningless, someone sees in it subtle symbolism and a prophecy about the end of art. These are all his works, even not so famous. It is difficult and not always possible to interpret them from the standpoint of reason; on the contrary, the language of Malevich is a language of associations and symbols, difficult to understand if you try to decipher it in words.
The language of Malevich is a mockery of the inertia and narrow-mindedness of even the creative thinking of society, which sets the framework for everyone, even the artists. Malevich is a reformist who sought to reshape people's perceptions, to show them that beauty does not depend at all on logical meaning and its explanation from the standpoint of reason.
"Aviator" – one of his paintings, puzzles, which everyone is free to interpret, as you like. If you want, you can link it with biblical motifs and images, you can, on the contrary, see ardent communism in it. In fact, this is a picture of a puzzle, which seems to have nothing to do with its name.
The man on it is torn out from the familiar world, placed in the world of flat forms, fancy inscriptions, meaningless, strange abstractions. He looks like a spectator who is trying to understand Malevich's ideas, a cylinder emitting light on him, he is crossed by white fish that literally glows with whiteness. And he clearly does not understand where he was.
He has a peak ace in his hand, around something vague and not carrying meaning. He seems to be flying in shining nowhere, like a pilot, lost between heaven and earth. Everyone is free to come up with his own explanation and to associate it with his ideas, because each person is free and can perceive any picture as he personally wants.
If you look closely, "Aviator" tells the story of freedom.


TY - JOUR AU - Nurhayata, I Gede AU - Santiyadnya, Nyoman PY - 2017/11/18 TI - Pengembangan Sistem Kontrol Otomatis Kran Solenoid Berbasis Radio Frequency Identification Pada Sistem Pelayanan Air Minum Desa JF - Seminar Nasional Riset Inovatif; Vol 5 (2017): SENARI 2017 KW - N2 - The use of manual water tap on the drinking water service system of the village affects the incompatibility of voluntary fund revenues with the volume of water released. The purpose of this study is to develop a system of drinking water service village with automatic solenoid faucet based Radio Frequency Identication (RFID). This research develops open and close control on solenoid faucets automatically with RFID card as customer identity. To limit the taking of drinking water volume by customers then developed a prepaid service system with water pulse system. The results showed that the system was able to identify the customer number correctly at a maximum distance of 10 cm. The solenoid valve opens automatically if the customer number has been registered and the water pulse value is not empty. The system also successfully limits the volume of water out as per customer requirements. When the water pulse value has been exhausted, the system manages to close the faucet automatically. UR - _URL_


text:
Gate areas vary in size between airports, however they all have one thing in common – they are only used for certain times of the day. When gates are not in use, energy is wasted, running heating, ventilation, air conditioning, and lighting for example.
Using a number of different measures, Siemens ensures energy is saved in this area:
CO2 measurement can be used to detect periods of low occupancy. Therefore, lighting and ventilation can be reduced saving electrical energy and reducing heating and cooling loads.
Integrating the passenger management system – a short period before the gate is staffed and the boarding systems running, ensure the HVAC and lighting systems run at full capacity – all controlled centrally without manual intervention.


OpenModelica
Solvers
The different integration methods for the C runtime are listed here. The default solver used is DASSL. The C++ runtime has support for the IDA solver and other sundials packages.
DASSL
This is a BDF method that selects its order (1-5) and step size at each step. It uses Newton's method to solve the resulting system of equations. It provides Newton's method with an initial guess by evaluating a polynomial that interpolates the last few time steps. These points are then used to calculate initial guesses for the derivatives. It has additional features like root finding functionality, and an initial condition solver for when not all initial values are given explicitly.
Runge-Kutta
This is the classical 4-th order Range-Kutta method based on a fixed step.
Euler
Standard Euler method with fixed step.
Compiler
The OpenModelica Compiler (OMC) is used to flatten Modelica models, transform them and output them into a format suitable for simulation. The compiler source code is mainly written in MetaModelica and is contained in the OMCompiler/Compiler directory.
Model Flattening and Debugging
Return flat Modelica for last class in file file.mo using MSL and SolarTherm libraries:
omc file.mo Modelica SolarTherm
Create graph dot model for DAE of class (silencing flat model output):
omc -q -d=daedumpgraphv file.mo
Use omc --help=debug to get more debug options.
Simulation
The OMC SimCode module outputs the model into the target language. By default this is C source code, but other formats can be selected with the --simCodeTarget flag (see also OMCompiler/Compiler/SimCode/SimCodeMain.mo).
The simulation runtime source code is contained under OMCompiler/SimulationRuntime. This contains the C and C++ runtimes and several others.
C Simulation Runtime
The C code target is selected by default and the resulting code is generated by:
omc -q -s file.mo Modelica SolarTherm
The generated source is then compiled and linked to the C simulation runtime library into a final executable. When the last class in the input file is Class, the executable is built with:
make -f Class.makefile
It is then simulated with:
./Class
Experiment annotations in Class don't seem to be used. The Class_init.xml file contains model information and simulation parameters. The C simulation runtime reads this file, so things like time intervals can be changed without recompiling the simulation executable.
The simulation executable can accept a number of command line (call with -help and -help=<flag> for more information). For example to output events:
./Class -lv=LOG_EVENTS
By default the simulation will output the results into a file named Class_res.mat, which is a MAT-file version 4. Another optional output is a CSV file, but this dramatically slows down the simulation.
Listed below are the source files generated in this process and an initial attempt to explain their purpose.
.makefile
Makefile for building the simulation executable. It could be manually edited if trouble with linking libraries in compilation.
_init.xml
Is an extension of the FMI standard. It has 3 main parts. The first is a high level description of the mode including the model name and number of variables. The second is the experiment parameters and the third is a list of the model variables along with their types, reference values and some parameters.
_info.json
Appears to contain similar information as that in the variables section of Class_init.xml.
.c
This contains the main function for the simulation, which puts together the simulation data (the DATA struct defined in SimulationRuntime/c/simulation_data.h) from the other source files and then passes it off to the _main_SimulationRuntime function (defined in SimulationRuntime/c/simuation/simulation_runtime.{h,cpp}). This data contains information about the model (e.g., number of states) and callbacks for evaluating different parts of the model. The file defines functions for evaluating equations and algorithms in the model. It then builds the DAE and ODE systems from these functions which are used as callbacks.
_functions.{h,c}
These files appear to contain struct definitions for any records that are defined and wrapper functions for any external C code used. Included by most other files here.
_model.h
A whole heap of macros that are used for conveniently accessing things like the current value of a variable in the simulation. The macros are used in the callback functions and operate on the simulation data passed to the callback function. Included by most other files here.
_literals.h
I think just some simple string literals defined. Included by most other files here.
_includes.h
Empty in the examples examined.
_records.c
Contains some additional code for records, for example names for the record and record fields.
_01exo.c
Constructors and deconstructors for external objects.
_02nls.c
Contains nonlinear systems (haven't observed it populated yet).
_03lsy.c
Linear systems (haven't observed it populated yet).
_04set.c
Initial state set (haven't observed it populated yet).
_05evt.c
Raw time, zero crossing, relation and discrete events. For zero crossings it contains a callback function that calls relevant functions defined in .c in order to update variables, and another callback function for checking transitions.
_06inz.c
Contains equation and algorithm functions for initialising variables. These equations are named with indices smaller than the functions in .c. Also contains function to initialise mixed systems (haven't observed it populated yet).
_07dly.c
Delay. Don't know what this does and haven't seen it populated.
_08bnd.c
Updates bound parameters and variable attributes start, nominal, min and max. Not sure exactly when this would be used. It contains equation and algorithm functions for this purpose with indices greater than those in .c.
_09alg.c
Collects together the functions from .c for the algebraic system.
_10asr.c
Contains functions checking and throwing asserts. These functions have indices greater than those in _08bnd.c.
_11mix.{h,c}
Contains mixed systems (haven't observed it populated yet).
_12jac.{h,c}
Contains functions for calculating and initialising the Jacobian. It seems to always contain sparsity information. The compiler flag --generateSymbolicJacobian needs to be set to produce equations for the symbolic calculation of the jacobian. Additionally a compiler call with -g=Optimica flag on an optimization class will produce stuff.
_13opt.{h,c}
Contains functions needed in optimisation like the objective and Lagrangian and for grabbing bounds from variables. Need to call compiler with -g=Optimica flag and have an optimization class to get something interesting here.
_14lnz.c
Linearisation. Not sure what for and haven't seen it populated.
The C simulation runtime is located under OMCompiler/SimulationRuntime/c. Interesting files include:
simulation_data.h
Contains the DATA struct and others.
simuation/simulation_runtime.{h,cpp}
Contains _main_SimulationRuntime function which gets called to run the simulation with the model data from the generated model code.
simulation/solver/solver_main.c
The solver_main_step function gets called to step the simulation and then passes the stepping off to the appropriate backend solver.
simulation/solver/perform_simulation.c
Contains the main simulation while loop in the function prefixedName_performSimulation.
simulation/solver/dassl.c
Contains the DASSL related functions including the dassl_step function. According to a comment in the file the integrated zero crossing method is disabled and zero crossings are instead handled outside DASSL (not same thing as internal root finding, which by default is turned on). It has functions for the symbolic or numeric calculations of Jacobians. The method can be selected with the -dasslJacobian flag, where coloredNumerical is the default. See the _12jac.{h,c} files for where the symbolic jacobian comes from (has to be enabled at during model compilation).
C++ Simulation Runtime
An example of C++ code generation:
omc -q -s --simCodeTarget=Cpp file.mo Modelica SolarTherm
The resulting files are slow to compile and sometimes fail for more complicated models. The simulation parameters are passed to the executable on the command line instead of being read from an XML file. See the Class.sh script for an example of the command line switches. It is able to use IDA instead of DASSL, which worked on at least a very simple example.
Language
Here are some notes on different aspects of the Modelica language. Some of the quirks presented here may just be specific to OpenModelica, whereas others are part of the language specification.
Expandable Connectors
Expandable connectors can have some defined components:
expandable connector Bus
 Real a


What is Oculogyric crisis - Definition, Symptoms, Causes, Treatment
The Oculogyric crisis is one of the types of disorder that can cause reversible involuntary reactions. These reactions are usually revolves around the eyeballs of the patient. In this crisis, the eye ball muscles are directly affected. Due to the effect onto the eye ball muscles, the eyeballs can twirl cause eyeballs to get fixed at the awkward positions.
The disorder can last few minutes too few hours depending upon the severity of the disorder. According to the research it is found that this particular disorder is more common in females than males. Mostly adults are found to be suffering from this particular disorder.
 - Oculogyric crisis Definition
 - Oculogyric crisis Symptoms
 - Oculogyric crisis Causes
 - Oculogyric crisis Treatment
Oculogyric crisis Definition
The Oculogyric crisis can be termed as the acute dystonic reactions. As the name suggests this particular reaction can be effect bodily functions particularly eye balls. In other words it can be suggested that the contraction of the muscles is directly involved.
There are many reasons that can play active role in triggering the disorder. Some people are emotionally stressed; this particular reaction can be quite common in emotionally stressed people. Fatigue can cause reasonable damage to the mental and physical health of the body. It can be one of the reasons that can influence the number of acute dystonic reactions like oculogyric disorder.
What is Oculogyric crisis - Definition, Symptoms, Causes, Treatment

Oculogyric crisis Symptoms
Like other medical issues, there are some definite symptoms that are associated with the Oculogyric crisis. It is kind of disease that can develop gradually and slowly. Most of the people suffering from this particular disease are found to have a hectic routine.
The disease is a kind of disorder that can be caused by restlessness. Patients suffering from this particular disease may have fixed staring eyes. The position of the eye balls can be right, left or upright or downwards. Not only this, patient suffering from these crises can have widely opened mouth and ocular pain. Eye pain and the tiredness is also one of the common symptoms.
Oculogyric crisis Causes
There can be multiple causes for the Oculogyric crisis. People who drink too much are prone to this particular disorder. Drugs like cocaine can also play active role in this disorder. Researchers have suggested that people suffering from Parkinson's disease can have oculogyric disorder as well. Trauma cans also one of the factors that can trigger this particular disorder.
Other causes can be Tourette's syndrome, multiple Sclerosis and Neurosyphilis. One of the most common causes of disorder is stress. People that are often stressed too much are found to be having disorder. Another reason for the disorder can be Herpes Encephalitis.
Oculogyric crisis Treatment
Like other diseases, the Oculogyric crisis can be treated immediately. There are various suggestions that can be given to the patient suffering from oculogyric disorder. The one common drug than be given to the patient intravenously is Procyclidine. The effects of the drugs given can be observed within 10 to 30 minutes after the infusion.
However there are some alternate drugs that can also be suggested to the patient suffering from the oculogyric disorder. Antipsychotics, anticholinergics and Benadryl can also use as alternative drugs. Proper management and the health care can be of the practices that can also be used to prevent the disorder.
What is Oculogyric crisis - Definition, Symptoms, Causes, Treatment What is Oculogyric crisis - Definition, Symptoms, Causes, Treatment Reviewed by Simon Albert on January 30, 2017 Rating: 5
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How To Install libwebkit2gtk-4.0-37 on Kali Linux
In this tutorial we learn how to install libwebkit2gtk-4.0-37 on Kali Linux. libwebkit2gtk-4.0-37 is Web content engine library for GTK
Introduction
In this tutorial we learn how to install libwebkit2gtk-4.0-37 on Kali Linux.
What is libwebkit2gtk-4.0-37
libwebkit2gtk-4.0-37 is:
WebKit is a web content engine, derived from KHTML and KJS from KDE, and used primarily in Apple's Safari browser. It is made to be embedded in other applications, such as mail readers, or web browsers.
It is able to display content such as HTML, SVG, XML, and others. It also supports DOM, XMLHttpRequest, XSLT, CSS, JavaScript/ECMAScript and more.
WebKit2 is an API layer for WebKit designed from the ground up to support a split process model, where the web content lives in a separate process from the application UI.
This build comes from the GTK port of WebKit (API version 4.0).
This is the library for embedding in GTK applications.
There are three methods to install libwebkit2gtk-4.0-37 on Kali Linux. We can use apt-get, apt and aptitude. In the following sections we will describe each method. You can choose one of them.
Install libwebkit2gtk-4.0-37 Using apt-get
Update apt database with apt-get using the following command.
sudo apt-get update
After updating apt database, We can install libwebkit2gtk-4.0-37 using apt-get by running the following command:
sudo apt-get -y install libwebkit2gtk-4.0-37
Install libwebkit2gtk-4.0-37 Using apt
Update apt database with apt using the following command.
sudo apt update
After updating apt database, We can install libwebkit2gtk-4.0-37 using apt by running the following command:
sudo apt -y install libwebkit2gtk-4.0-37
Install libwebkit2gtk-4.0-37 Using aptitude
If you want to follow this method, you might need to install aptitude on Kali Linux first since aptitude is usually not installed by default on Kali Linux. Update apt database with aptitude using the following command.
sudo aptitude update
After updating apt database, We can install libwebkit2gtk-4.0-37 using aptitude by running the following command:
sudo aptitude -y install libwebkit2gtk-4.0-37
How To Uninstall libwebkit2gtk-4.0-37 on Kali Linux
To uninstall only the libwebkit2gtk-4.0-37 package we can use the following command:
sudo apt-get remove libwebkit2gtk-4.0-37
Uninstall libwebkit2gtk-4.0-37 And Its Dependencies
To uninstall libwebkit2gtk-4.0-37 and its dependencies that are no longer needed by Kali Linux, we can use the command below:
sudo apt-get -y autoremove libwebkit2gtk-4.0-37
Remove libwebkit2gtk-4.0-37 Configurations and Data
To remove libwebkit2gtk-4.0-37 configuration and data from Kali Linux we can use the following command:
sudo apt-get -y purge libwebkit2gtk-4.0-37
Remove libwebkit2gtk-4.0-37 configuration, data, and all of its dependencies
We can use the following command to remove libwebkit2gtk-4.0-37 configurations, data and all of its dependencies, we can use the following command:
sudo apt-get -y autoremove --purge libwebkit2gtk-4.0-37
Dependencies
libwebkit2gtk-4.0-37 have the following dependencies:
References
Summary
In this tutorial we learn how to install libwebkit2gtk-4.0-37 package on Kali Linux using different package management tools: apt, apt-get and aptitude.


text:
This seems to me to be nonsense, not a contradiction. Presumably, the way this is laid out, the first three statements are the hypothesis, and the fourth is the conclusion. Because Phil being gone and John being dead have nothing to do with Tim having bread, it seems to me that this can be reduced to
Tim has bread ==> Tim doesn't have bread
This is not a contradiction. If Tim has bread, then it is not true that he doesn't have bread, so the first statement does not imply the second. If Tim indeed doesn't have bread, then the first statement isn't true, so any statement at all could be appear as the conclusion, and the implication would be true, but meaningless.
BTW, in English, we don't say someone has "a bread": we say someone has bread or has a loaf of bread.


text:
Completely clear all formatting of a range in Excel
In Excel, you can apply the Clear Formats function to quickly clear only the formatting that's applied to selected cells, and it cannot clear the formatting that's applied to the data or contents. But with Kutools for Excel's Clear All Cell Format, you can quickly clear all formatting from a range, no matter the formatting that's applied to the cells or the contents in Excel.
1. Select a range that you want to clear all cell formatting.
2. Click Kutools >> Format Tools >> Clear All Cell Format, see screenshots:
3. Click Yes button. All of the cell formats have been removed completely. See screenshots:
The differences between Kutools for Excel's Clear All Cell Format and Excel's Clear Formats:
In the following screenshot, you will see there are two cells, the cell 1 which has been applied the font color BLUE. But the cell 2 is using the font color BLACK, but the some contents in this cell have been applied to other font colors. See screenshot:
Let's see what will happen after applying both functions.
After applying Excel's Clear Formats:
After applying Kutools for Excel's Clear All Cell Format:
As you can see, the Clear Formats in Excel won't clear the formatting that's applied to the contents.


text:
OLR Bill Analysis
AN ACT CONCERNING THE ASSAULT OF A LIQUOR CONTROL AGENT.
This bill makes assault of a liquor control agent a class C felony (punishable by one to 10 years in prison, a fine of up to $ 10,000, or both), the same penalty as for assault of public safety, emergency medical, and public transit personnel, among others. A person commits this crime by assaulting a reasonably identifiable liquor control agent performing his or her duties, with intent to prevent the agent from performing them, by doing any of the following to the agent:
1. causing injury;
2. throwing objects capable of causing harm;
3. using tear gas, mace, or a similar harmful agent;
4. throwing paint, dye, or any other offensive substance; or
5. throwing bodily fluid, such as feces, blood, or saliva.
Current law does not have the specific crime of assault of a liquor control agent. Generally, assaults are punishable, depending on the conduct, by penalties ranging from a class A misdemeanor (up to one year in prison, a fine of up to $ 2,000, or both) to a class A felony (punishable by 10 to 25 years in prison, a fine of up to $ 20,000, or both).
EFFECTIVE DATE: October 1, 2013
Liquor Control Agents
Department of Consumer Protection liquor control agents conduct investigations and enforce the civil and licensing portions of the Liquor Control Act. In addition, agents provide training and assistance to local and state police officers on criminal aspects of liquor law enforcement.
General Law Committee


text: The TCS3701 is a very-high sensitivity light-to-digital converter that features ambient light and color (RGB) sensing in parallel with IR proximity detection. The Ambient light and color sensing function provides five concurrent ambient light sensing channels: Red, Green, Blue, Clear, and Wideband. The RGB and Clear channels have a UV/IR blocking filter. This architecture accurately measures ambient light and enables the calculation of illuminance, chromaticity, and color temperature to manage display appearance. The proximity function synchronizes IR emission and detection to sense nearby objects. The IR driver needs to be connected to an external LED or VCSEL emitter. The architecture of the engine features self-maximizing dynamic range, ambient light subtraction, advanced optical crosstalk noise cancellation, 14-bit data output and interrupt-driven 1.8V I²C communications interface. Sensitivity, power consumption, and noise can be optimized with adjustable IR LED timing and power. The proximity engine recognizes detect/release events and produces a configurable interrupt whenever the proximity result crosses upper or lower threshold settings.


text:
Blind image quality assessment (BIQA) of distorted stereoscopic pairs without referring to the undistorted source is a challenging problem, especially when the distortions in the left- and right-views are asymmetric. Existing studies suggest that simply averaging the quality of the left- and right-views well predicts the quality of symmetrically distorted stereoscopic images, but generates substantial prediction bias when applied to asymmetrically distorted stereoscopic images. In this study, we propose a binocular rivalry inspired multi-scale model to predict the quality of stereoscopic images from that of the single-view images without referring to the original left- and right-view images. We apply this blind 2D-to-3D quality prediction model on top of ten stateof-the-art base 2D-BIQA algorithms for 3D-BIQA. Experimental results show that the proposed 3D-BIQA model, without explicitly identifying image distortion types, successfully eliminates the prediction bias, leading to significantly improved quality prediction performance. Among all the base 2D-BIQA algorithms, BRISQUE and M3 archive excellent tradeoffs between accuracy and complexity.
Jiheng Wang, Qingbo Wu, Abdul Rehman, Shiqi Wang, Zhou Wang, "Blind Quality Prediction of Stereoscopic 3D Images" in Proc. IS&T Int'l. Symp. on Electronic Imaging: Human Vision and Electronic Imaging, 2017, pp 70 - 76, _URL_


text:
The basic goal in the conservation of vegetation is to rescue and display all the extant vestiges of the camp. Exceptionally salient aspects include maintaining the special arrangement of trees that was used to camouflage the mass killing facilities, in the form of green rows and groups of trees, and even woods.
The conservation of vegetation at the site involves work including
- care for trees and bushes, including historically valuable trees
- care for grassy areas
- weed removal.
In total, the boundaries of the Museum include an area of 191 hectares 9724 m², of which 171 hectares 6146m² comprise the Birkenau site, and 20 hectares 3588m² the Auschwitz I site. The great extent of the grounds means that work is carried out by both Museum employees and outside companies.


Community Speaker Series Presents Nicholas Epley on 4/20
Presented by The Community Speaker Series, D181 and D86.
Nicholas Epley: Mindwise – A Guide to Understanding the Minds of Others
You are a mind reader, born with an extraordinary ability to understand what others think, feel, believe, want and know. It's a sixth sense you use each day in every professional and personal relationship—but how well do you really know what your coworkers, employees, competitors or customers want or are thinking? How good are you at knowing the minds of others? How well can you guess what others think of you, your business or your product? In this illuminating exploration of one of the great mysteries of the human mind, University of Chicago award-winning psychologist Nicholas Epley introduces audiences to what scientists have learned about our ability to understand the most complicated puzzle on the planet—other people—and the surprising mistakes we often make. Why are we sometimes blind to the minds of others? Why do we so routinely believe that others think, feel and want what we do, when in fact they do not? In his presentation modeled after his book, Mindwise, Epley will not turn other people into open books, but will give you the wisdom to revolutionize how you think about them—and yourself.
Date: Tuesday, April 20, 2021
Time: 7:00 – 8:15 p.m.
Format: Zoom Webinar
Register: Click here or visit
For more information, please see attached flyer.


text:
Mar 5, 2022Grant aims to boost Wisconsin's hazelnut industry
A Midwestern effort to crack into the hazelnut industry is getting a boost from a $79,800 grant from the Wisconsin Economic Development Corporation (WEDC). The Targeted Industry Project (TIP) Grant will help with efforts to expand the hazelnut industry, which in the U.S. has historically been centered almost exclusively in Oregon.
"The global tree nut industry annually draws around $40 billion in revenue," said Jason Fischbach, emerging crops outreach specialist for the University of Wisconsin Division of Extension. "Wisconsin doesn't participate in the nut economy, except for a tiny piece of walnut production. That's a huge loss of opportunity for a state that does agriculture so well. It's ironic, too, given that the hazelnut grows wild on thousands of acres in Wisconsin."
Globally, about 82% of hazelnuts are grown in Turkey and Italy, while the U.S. produces only 2% of the world's crop – and 99% of that American production, totaling nearly $100 million annually, comes out of Oregon's Willamette Valley.
But for the last 15 years, the Upper Midwest Hazelnut Development Initiative – formed by the University of Wisconsin and University of Minnesota – has worked to advance the hazelnut industry across the region. The grant will help advance knowledge and innovation for growing and processing new varieties of hazelnuts as well as helping more farmers enter the market.
"Grants through TIP are designed to provide assistance to strategic industries that will help drive Wisconsin's future economic growth," said WEDC Secretary and CEO Missy Hughes. "This grant to help develop the hazelnut industry will help Wisconsin's food and beverage industry diversify and strengthen."
Based on survey work by Fischbach, there are now about 150 growers in the Upper Midwest, including about 90 in Wisconsin. He also found that 150 acres of mature crops are being grown, with an estimated 40,000 pounds of annual hazelnut production.
The initiative's goal is to have 20,000 acres in commercial production by 2030, according to Fischbach, who is the initiative's co-director.
Since the hazelnut grows wild in Wisconsin, the challenge is to domesticate it.
"It's analogous to the cranberry industry because cranberries were a weird-looking bog plant that grew in the wild and eventually turned into this hugely important crop for Wisconsin," said Fischbach.
Most of the initiative's work in that time has been to develop improved hazelnut varieties based on Wisconsin's wild American hazelnut (Corylus americana) to advance commercial hazelnut production and support early-adopter growers. Its breeding work has developed new varieties that, once planted, can enable commercially viable production.
But growing the hazelnuts is just one part of the equation. The initiative is also looking ahead to processing of the crop as the industry grows.
WEDC's grant funding is helping to expand the initiative's Ashland-based Hazelnut Processing Accelerator by providing money for equipment, consulting, personnel and leasing costs.
The public-private accelerator was formed in 2018 to support the emerging hazelnut industry, with a focus on harvest and post-harvest processing of the nuts. That processing includes receiving, husking, grading, size sorting and storage, as well as cracking and cleaning, which is done at the Larson Food Lab at Northland College. The funding helped to fabricate a machine to sort the nuts and separate kernels from shell fragments and to purchase a nutcracking machine and conveyor gear for an inspection line. With the help of the WEDC grant, most of that equipment has been purchased or built.
"When we started, we were working with machines people built in their garages," said Fischbach. "At first, the production cost to go from in-shell nuts to the kernel was $4.50 per pound. Now we have that down to 70 cents. Now we're in viability range."
The development of the hazelnut industry in the Upper Midwest comes at a time when demand for the nuts is outstripping supply, as Turkish production has declined. Fischbach says he is encouraged by market trends and the interest Wisconsin growers have shown in obtaining hybrid seedlings.
"We're building every part of this industry from scratch," he said. "The U.S. is an almond country, not a hazelnut country. But there are a lot of companies trying to change that. If companies like General Mills introduce just a single product, we're talking thousands of acres just to supply them. We're confident there's a market for 20,000 acres, if not more."
– Wisconsin Economic Development Corporation


text:
WHIDDEN GUNWORKS HYDRAULIC FORM DIE INSTRUCTIONS
Gather all parts of the Hydraulic Form Die Kit to include: the hydraulic form die body with lock ring, the piston, the appropriate shell holder (void of the fired primer discharge hole) and the bottle used to fill the case with either water or oil, your choice. Also, not included in the kit, you will need a few fired primers, case lube, a hammer and safety glasses.
- Install the shellholder into the press as normal.
- Install the hydraulic form die into the press just as you would with any other sizing die. With the ram of the press in the up position, install the hydraulic form die and allow the die to make contact with the top of the shell holder. This will set the headspace to the correct location with the die system. Secure the lock ring to the die body.
- Once contact is made between the shellholder and the hydraulic form die lower the ram.
- Insert a fired primer into the base of the brass to be formed.
- Lube the brass and insert the brass into the shellholder and raise the ram completely allowing the brass to enter the hydraulic form die.
- Using the liquid bottle, containing either water or oil, fill the case to about the top of the die body itself.
- Insert the piston into the top of the die.
- (CAUTION) If you haven't done so yet, put your safety glasses on.
- Ensure your safety glasses are on properly. (Obviously this is important)
- Pick up the hammer. We have found that a light to medium weight hammer works best and hitting the piston with several fast strikes (2 to 3) seems to yield the best results.
- Strike the piston.
- Lower the ram of the press and remove the case from the shell holder.
- Repeat steps 1-12 to form the next piece of brass.
Helpful tip: Water is much easier to cleanup and evaporates off the floor much more quickly.
Thanks for using the Whidden Gunworks Hydraulic Form Die System.


Viva Arquitectura | Casa Mangle Community Center
Casa Mangle Community Center
Casa Mangle is a study project developed for Fundación Granito de Arena, for the community of Curia, located in the pacific coast between what are the last blue crab mangrove areas in Ecuador.
Mangrove ecosystems have been on constant decline through the change in land use and development and urban growth in coastlines. Mangrove deforestation not only affects in the number of species of flora and fauna that perish with the reduction of these ecosystems, such as the blue crab, shrimp and others, but it also affects coastal communities that rely on fishing and harvesting that can no longer continue with their traditional activities and cannot make ends meet. Furthermore, mangrove deforestation plays a huge role in the resilience of these coastal areas to increasing tide levels and storm surges, thus with the reduction of the mangroves, these defenses fail, leaving the communities more exposed to further impact due to climate change.
The purpose of Fundación Granito de Arena and VIVA was to provide the community with a space that would allow for the community to preserve their ecosystem, to learn about the species that rely on the mangroves for their survival and to make others aware of the impact that deforestation can have, and most of all, to engage youth and kids in a positive balance with the ocean through surf and other water activities as a way to preserve the mangroves. Casa Mangle was a community design case study of what can be achieved through architecture as a community catalyst and environmental tool. The project includes surf board storage area, recreational spaces such as decks and walkways for mangrove appreciation, a library area, and community gathering areas.
Curia, Guayas, Ecuador
Environmental Design, Research


text:
New Possibilities of the Laboratory
State-of-the-Art equipment for the analysis of the steel grade and chemical composition was purchased for the Plant NDT Laboratory.
Non-Destructive Test Laboratory of Omsk Electromechanical Plant is attested by the Siberian Centre of Research and Engineering Support of Industrial, Environmental and Energy Safety and has equipment for steel structure tests with ultrasound, visual and measurement methods. Currently the list of measuring devices including ultrasonic flaw-detection device and caliper, photometer, tensile-testing machine and visual measurement devices was extended due to the purchase of the modern spectrometer.
"MCA emission spectrometer is designed for the analysis of metals and alloys during the input control of the materials and for holding quick analysis of steel chemical composition", – says the manager of QC Dept. Ms. Tatyana Sitnikova. – "In the future, when hot-dip galvanizing shop is commissioned, the spectrometer will also enable performing incoming zinc quality control".
Omsk EMP Laboratory performs quality control at each stage of the production cycle – from the rolled steel and components' input control to finished product acceptance, check of its package and loading.
"We monitor the processes of cutting, assembly, bending, cleaning, labeling, check the continuity of the rolled sheets, quality of the weld connections and anticorrosion coating", – comments Ms. Tatyana Sitnikova. – We plan to get the laboratory attested, particularly, for holding quick analysis of the steel chemical. Besides, we plan pass the accreditation for the test of not only construction elements but also pipelines".
Today Omsk Electromechanical Plant is capable of manufacturing max. 15,000 tons steel structures per year. The Company core activity area is the manufacture of steel supports of the overhead power transmission lines, including joist-web steel supports and narrow-base supports on the Company's own designs.


dcsimg
August 12, 2020
Hot Topics:
Going Parallel with the Task Parallel Library and PLINQ
 - By Jani Järvinen
 - Send Email »
 - More Articles »
Parallelizing Queries with PLINQ
Parallel LINQ lets you parallelize LINQ to Objects queries. With PLINQ, you can take existing LINQ queries, and use the client computer's number-crunching power to process the results. For example, suppose you had the following LINQ query, which retrieves data from an SQL Server database:
DataClasses1DataContext ctx =
 new DataClasses1DataContext();
var orders =
 (from ord in ctx.Orders
 orderby ord.Order_Details.Sum(
 o => o.UnitPrice) descending
 select new
 {
 Customer = ord.Customer.CompanyName,
 OrderId = ord.OrderID,
 Amount = ord.Order_Details.Sum(
 o => o.UnitPrice)
 }).Take(5);
This query would return the top five orders with the maximum unit price. Using the preceding code, LINQ to SQL would construct the necessary SQL statement, send it to the server, and convey the results back to the application. To parallelize this query, you would simply add the AsParallel method call to the last line like this:
...
}).AsParallel().Take(5);
After this change, query results processing will move from the database server to the client. This is important to understand: in addition to performance considerations, memory usage is also likely to increase on the client, because it must fetch more data from the database.
The original LINQ statement constructs a SQL SELECT statement containing the TOP clause, but in the PLINQ version, the SELECT statement fetches records from the Orders table and then filters the data on the client. This might or might not be what you are after.
In fact, when comparing the usability of the Task Parallel Library and PLINQ for database access, it is sometimes easier to find benefiting usage scenarios for TPL than for PLINQ. However, this is not to say that PLINQ isn't useful—it just depends on the situation and your data source. As PLINQ is still a new technology, best practices are yet to be formed.
Still, it is clear that PLINQ is most useful when you already have a large set of data in memory on the client, and you wish to query this data using complex LINQ queries. In such cases, finding the correct records and doing calculations based on each record are jobs that can often benefit from threading. Splitting the work between multiple processor cores is the key.
Compared to regular LINQ queries against SQL data sources, the benefits of PLINQ can be smaller. Just as when parallelizing loops, developers must decide whether multi-threading will be appropriate for any given query; not all queries will automatically benefit from parallelization.
PLINQ does not blindly run each and every query in parallel; it analyzes your query first. Based on this analysis, PLINQ then either runs the query serially (without threading) or in parallel. Bu because PLINQ's analysis isn't always correct, you can give it hints, which are similar to plans in SQL queries. You do this via the WithExecutionMode method (new in Beta 1). You can also use the WithDegreeOfParallelism method to control the number of parallel threads used to run your query.
New Structures to Help Developers
In addition to providing the TPL and PLINQ, Microsoft has also enhanced support for thread-safe data structures and classes in .NET 4.0. The new System.Collections.Concurrent namespace introduces classes such as ConcurrentDictionary, ConcurrentQueue, and ConcurrentStack. Although you could use the regular versions of the Dictionary, Queue, and Stack classes in conjunction with your own locking schemes, these new classes are both more convenient, and are also optimized for performance.
Using the new classes is easy: They operate much in the same way as their non-parallel origins, but remove the need to worry about locks. For example, to add and remove items from a ConcurrentQueue you could use code like this:
ConcurrentQueue<int> queue =
 new ConcurrentQueue<int>();
queue.Enqueue(123);
...
int first;
if (queue.TryDequeue(out first))
{
 // success
}
In addition to these useful utility classes, the next .NET version also gives developers new low-level threading tools to play with in the extended System.Threading namespace. You can think of the new classes there as being lighter-weight versions of previous locking primitives such as Semaphore and ManualResetEvent. Here's a list of the new additions:
 - Barrier
 - CountdownEvent
 - ManualResetEventSlim
 - SemaphoreSlim
 - SpinLock
 - SpinWait
For example, to lock access to a global resource using the new SpinLock class, you could write:
SpinLock spinlock = new SpinLock(true);
int[] numbers = new int[50];
for (int i = 0; i < numbers.Length; i++)
{
 bool lockTaken = false;
 spinlock.Enter(ref lockTaken);
 try
 {
 if (lockTaken)
 {
 ..
 }
 }
 finally
 {
 if (lockTaken) spinlock.Exit();
 }
}
Although most of the parallel enhancements in .NET 4.0 are performance-related, there's at least one new class that gives the chip inside your PC time to breath. The class sounds like the exact opposite of performance improvement—and appears to be the perfect solution for any late Friday afternoon development session: System.Lazy.
The idea behind this class is that you typically want to allocate memory for an object only when it's needed. By default, the framework allocates memory immediately when you construct an object. In contrast, if you give an object type to the Lazy class, it initializes only when you first access the object. Convenient!
Now's a Good Time to Get Parallel
This article showed some of the new parallel features in Visual Studio 2010 and .NET Framework 4.0. To sum up, the three major new portions are the concurrency runtime, the Task Parallel Library, and Parallel LINQ. The Task Parallel Library lets you split application execution into small chunks of code called tasks that can be executed in parallel. The new Task class and related helper classes, all part of TPL, make this work relatively easy. Unfortunately, it's more difficult to spot the best opportunities for running code in parallel. Because loops are often good candidates for threaded execution, the TPL provides the Parallel class, which helps you parallelize for and foreach loops.
If you are already using LINQ queries, then you'll probably want to take advantage of the new Parallel LINQ features. PLINQ extends your LINQ to Objects queries to use multiple threads. Although PLINQ isn't an optimal solution for every possible LINQ query, it can boost the performance of some complex queries.
Underneath, the new concurrency runtime provides the executing engine for both the Task Parallel Library and LINQ. Of course, all the parallel enhancements in .NET 4.0 ultimately rely on the processor power of your PC. Although using these new features might seem simple for the developer, Microsoft has developed a custom task scheduler which is able to tune workloads based on the number of cores available on the computer. If for some reason you aren't happy with Microsoft's implementation, you are free to roll your own.
With this kind of power at hand, it's definitely a good time to begin looking at the threading options. Even traditional business database GUI applications can benefit from parallelization; server applications are even better targets.
Here are some links for further reading:
About the Author
Jani Järvinen is a software development trainer and consultant in Finland. He's a Microsoft C# MVP and frequent author who has published three books about software development. He is the group leader of a Finnish software development expert group at ITpro.fi and a board member of the Finnish Visual Studio Team System User Group. Check out his blog. You can send mail to the author clicking on his name at the top of the article.
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This article was originally published on June 30, 2009
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This week's Drawing Challenge has asked users to draw a cityscape using PicsArt's Drawing Tools, so this tutorial will show you how to draw a glittering metropolis for the occasion.
Raising a city is not like other drawing subjects. This challenge calls for some special tricks that, once you learn, will produce some startling results. Just grab your hard hat and follow the steps below!
Step 1: First Two Rows
Select the Shape icon and select the rectangular shape on the "Fill" setting. Select a medium dark color and create your first row of buildings. Use a slightly darker color to darken the sides of the buildings. Add a layer below, and use black to create your second row of buildings.
Step 2: Foreground & Background
Add layers in the foreground and use a variety of colors and shapes to create your front row of buildings and a street or river. Choose another dark color for your final row of buildings at the bottom, and on the very bottom layer, fill in a sky.
Step 3: Shade
Add a layer on top of your buildings and use black brushes and shapes to draw shadows being cast on top of and behind buildings. Reduce the opacity to make them translucent like shadows.
Step 4: Lights
Select bright and pale colors to dot your buildings with specks of lights. Experiment with different brush shapes to vary your light patterns. Create streaks of varied tones in your sky to give it texture, and reduce the opacity of your back row of buildings for a cool effect.
Step 5: Final Details
Add the final details that will bring your drawing to life. Create specks of colored lights with large, nearly transparent halos for traffic. If you have a river, reflect your city and add waves.


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Criteria Query From Elements
The interfaces in this group are in use for setting a criteria query FROM clause. Criteria Query Variables The FROM clause in JPA queries (as in SQL) defines the query variables. Query variables are represented in criteria queries by descendant interfaces of the From interface: Range variables
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FROM clause (JPQL / Criteria API)
The FROM clause declares query identification variables that represent iteration over objects in the database. A query identification variable is similar to a variable of a Java enhanced for loop in a program, since both are used for iteration over objects. Range Variables Range variables are query
114
JPA Query Structure (JPQL / Criteria)
clause declares one or more query variables (also known as identification variables). Query variables are similar to loop variables in programming languages. Each query variable represents iteration over objects in the database. A query variable that is bound to an entity class is referred to as
104
JPA Criteria API Queries
the built query. Then a Root instance is created to define a range variable in the FROM clause. Finally, the range variable, c, is also used in the SELECT clause as the query result expression ... The JPA Criteria API provides an alternative way for defining JPA queries, which is mainly useful
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DELETE Queries in JPA/JPQL
. Applying changes to the database by calling the commit method. JPQL DELETE queries provide an alternative way for deleting entity objects. Unlike SELECT queries, which are used to retrieve data from the database, DELETE queries do not retrieve data from the database, but when executed, delete specified
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UPDATE SET Queries in JPA/JPQL
. Applying changes to the database by calling the commit method. JPQL UPDATE queries provide an alternative way of updating entity objects. Unlike SELECT queries, which are used to retrieve data from the database, UPDATE queries do not retrieve data from the database, but when executed, update
91
JPA Queries
variables, join and fetch): Other criteria query expressions (for all the query clauses): ... Queries are represented in JPA by the Query and TypedQuery interfaces: The JPA Query API section ... these interfaces to build and run JPQL queries. The TypedQuery interface (or alternatively the older Query
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[ODB1] Chapter 7 - JDOQL Queries
all the elements that can be used in a JDOQL query filter, except for parameters and variables ... queries with more than three parameters. 7.4 Query Variables There are two types of variables in JDOQL: Bound variables, whose main role is in querying collection fields Unbound variables, which serve
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declareVariables(variables)
Method javax.jdo.Query void declareVariables( String variables ) Declare the unbound variables to be used in the query. Variables might be used in the filter, and these variables must be declared with their type. The unbound variable declaration is a String containing one or more unbound variable
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Constants.OPTION_UNCONSTRAINED_QUERY_VARIABLES
Static Field javax.jdo.Constants String OPTION_UNCONSTRAINED_QUERY_VARIABLES "javax.jdo.option.UnconstrainedQueryVariables" Since: JDO 2.1 See Also: PersistenceManagerFactory.supportedOptions()
Getting Started
ObjectDB is very easy to use. Follow the Getting Started Tutorial and the Quick Tour manual chapter and in minutes you may be able to write and run first Java programs against ObjectDB.
Prior knowledge or experience in database programming (SQL, JDBC, ORM, JPA, etc.) is not required, but some background in using the Java language is essential.
Need Help?
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Home Jobs & Education What Is the Average Mortician Salary?
According to official government statistics provided by the BLS (the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S), the average mortician salary for the fiscal year of 2014 was $52,550 per year or $25.25 per hour. The profession, also known as that of a funeral service worker, requires an Associate's degree and has an average job outlook.
The mortician job is, therefore, higher paid than many US occupations featured in the BLS occupational handbook. However, some morticians and funeral workers receive a significantly lower pay for their job. The lowest paid 10% in this line of work receive just $25,910 per year, equaling to a mere $12.46 per hour. On the other end of the spectrum of reference for this occupation, the highest paid 10 points percentile get an average mortician salary of $83,520 or $40,16 per hour.
There isn't enough data to adequately say much about wage equality within this profession. As of 2014, there were only 60,400 people employed in the general area of funeral managing and death care. Of these 60,400, just 23,000 were morticians. Of the 23 thousand, 17 thousand were men, while 7,000 were women. Funeral workers and morticians are generally employed in the following two areas. As you can see, the salary of a mortician does vary a lot between them:
Industry Hourly mean wage Annual mean wage
Federal Executive Branch (OES Designation) $34.77 $72,320
Death Care Services $24.94 $51,870
"mortician salary salary of a mortician average salary of a mortician average mortician salary"
A mortician makes arrangements for the funeral and takes care of the deceased.
What Is the Average Mortician Salary by Location
Depending on the location where he or she is employed, the salary of a mortician may vary very much. Furthermore, the levels of employment for this job tend to vary greatly depending on each State. While salary varies depending on how many people employ the services of morticians in the respective area, the general price-tag for a specific area also comes into play.
Here's a list of the States which pay their mortician salaries the most in terms of the annual mean wage:
State Hourly mean wage Annual mean wage
Delaware $34.12 $70,970
Illinois $33.91 $70,530
New Jersey $33.80 $70,310
Rhode Island $33.74 $70,190
Nebraska $29.57 $61,510
Still, wage can be equally important as the specific level of employment. A mortician practicing his skills in Delaware might have a very hard time finding a job, even though the mortician salary is the highest out of all the US. That's because the whole state has just 80 mortician jobs available. Here's a table to indicate the best states in terms of employment:
State Employment Hourly mean wage Annual mean wage
Texas 1,940 $24.11 $50,140
Ohio 1,500 $24.83 $51,650
California 1,490 $22.71 $47,230
New York 1,460 $25.26 $52,540
Florida 1,250 $25.74 $53,540
Average Mortician Salary Change over Time
Given that the mortician job is seen as a hereditary line of work, parents usually pass on their trade to their kids once they reach an appropriate age. This means that most employees who begin work in this job line so early already know the skills they need to earn a decent wage. Here are the factors that influence the average mortician salary over time, according to PayScale:
 - Entry-level employees can earn up to 17% lower than the national average while mid-career employees earn just 5% more.
 - Experienced mortician will earn a mortician salary up to 23% bigger than the national average.
 - Late-career morticians may earn less than experienced morticians, but still 20% more than the average.
Image source: depositphotos.com.
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© Grace Enough Podcast2023
91: Mary Flo Ridley | Let's Talk Birds and Bees
Mary Flo Ridley | Let's Talk Birds and Bees
The Birds & Bees Founder, Mary Flo Ridley, has been passionately sharing this message all over the world for 30 years.
Mary Flo and her husband Dave have been married for 40 years, they have three married children, and eight grandchildren.
After growing up in El Paso, Mary Flo graduated from SMU. When she isn't working on B&B she loves playing with her grandchildren, baking, and traveling!
Mary Flo Ridley joins me to talk about simple, foundational conversations to have with our children, ranging from toddlers to teens, that will shape their sexual health for years to come.
Questions Mary Flo and I Discussed:
- (4:25) Even in 2020, I have conversations with friends who cringe when it comes to having the "birds and bees" talk with their children. We deal with questions like when is it the right time, what should I say, and so on, but Birds and Bees is all about getting rid of this idea that this is a one-time conversation in parenting. What are you hoping to see in exchange?
- (9:12) Let's begin by talking to the parents who have toddlers, what is a conversation pattern they can establish to show their children they are the loving authority on the topic of their bodies?
- (13:36) What are some key conversations and general language parents can practice with their elementary age children?
- (19:11) The average age someone first sees pornography is 11 yo and are as likely to see it accidentally as on purpose. How do you encourage parents to deal with discussing pornography with their children?
- (27:20) For parents of middle and high school age children (or really all young parents), talking about masturbation and puberty feels daunting. How do you encourage parents to address this topic?
- (32:30) Birds & Bees offers a curriculum. What can one expect if they use your curriculum?
- (36:15) Do you have any encouragement for the parent who feels like they are "behind" or have failed to create an open dialogue surrounding sex and our bodies?
- (39:38) Lastly, what are some books and other resources you would recommend to parents on this topic?
Quotes to Remember:
"What is the main thing you want your children to know about sex? If they're growing up in your family? If you could give that answer in one sentence? What would that sentence be?"
"When they [children] leave, what will they take with them that I have taught them on this topic, both in words and deeds?"
"We also have to define what does it mean when we say private? [It] means no one else touches those or asks to see those or, these days, you also have to include, no one takes a picture of those."
"Use your pediatricians voice. Pretend that you're talking to them as their pediatrician. What do you think that would sound like, instead of getting all weirded out?"
"I want parents to realize your child is not going to school with just six year olds, they're going to school with the oldest sibling of any six year old in that room."
"You have to know that if you want to be the one to tell them, with your values, it's going to be so much sooner than you think, You don't think your young child is ready to hear this, but you're leaving them wide open, when you don't say anything, to anything they may hear in the culture."
"I know that some parents will think, oh, that's far too young to explain things to a child, but it's also too young for them to hear it from someone else."
"One suggestion we have for parents is just to own it. Go ahead and say there is a topic I have avoided a little bit, because it's a little uncomfortable, but that's not going to be the case anymore. This topic is the topic of sex."
- Discussion Guide: Birds & Bees Take Flight!
- BOOK: Good Pictures, Bad Pictures: Porn-Proofing Today's Young Kids
- BOOK: Good Pictures, Bad Pictures Jr.: A Simple Plan to Protect Young Minds
- Don't Mom Alone Podcast: Preparing Now For Future Puberty & Masturbation Questions
- Birds & Bees Video Bundle
- BOOK: God Made All Of Me: A Book To Help Children Protect Their Bodies
- BOOK series: God's Design For Sex
- BOOK: The Care and Keeping Of You: The Body Book For Younger Girls
- BOOK: The Care and Keeping Of You 2: The Body Book For Older Girls
- BOOK: Guy Stuff: The Body Book For Boys
- 71: Krista Boan | Tips For Parents In The Digital Age
- 54: Nick Stumbo | Discovering Freedom From Pornography
- 90: Hillary Morgan Ferrer | Empowering Kids to Challenge Cultural Lies
- 89: Meg Glesener | Casting Vision For Your Family
- 28: Jodie Berndt "Praying The Scriptures For Your Children
- 57: Kristen Hatton | Redemptive Parenting
BIBLE STUDY: Renewed: Finding Hope When You Don't Like Your Story
Renewed: Finding Hope When You Don't Like Your Story, is for the woman who is not just walking through a season of hardship, but who has experienced a story that they did not choose and cannot change. In Renewed, a four-week study of the Book of Ruth, women glean wisdom from Naomi's perspective, a woman who lived a story she didn't choose or like. With insight from her own journey of living with a story that is not easy, Heather teaches women to flourish, even as they live hard stories, by trusting in God and trading their heartache for hope.
237: Sarah Frazer | Believing God is Good When Your Story ShiftsSeptember 25, 2023/
236: Christy Wood | Recovering Your Faith After Life in a CultSeptember 19, 2023/
Karrie Garcia | Is Freedom in Jesus Really Possible?September 12, 2023/
233: Amberly Neese | Untangle Your Faith by Asking QuestionsAugust 28, 2023/


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The technique used is patented and has the following advantages:
The muscle micro-biopsy is a minimally invasive procedure.
- The method is minimally invasive, especially in comparison with the samples of bone marrow from which stem cells are usually isolated and cultured.
- The technique is easy to carry out and requires a minimal amount of tissue.
- The protocol is recommended for young horses to build up a stock of stem cells available for future.


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Vibration Meter 2050
The Bearing Spike feature of the 2050 focuses attention on the bearing related vibration, and thus a very ellective bearing replacement system can be implemented on this basis. The 2050 also finds innumerable applications in laboratories, and research organisation engaged in machine dynam ics, where a simple and reliable measurement must replace subjective methods of vibration severity assessment.
ROKADE BEARING SHOCK PULSE METER (SPM-111)
SPM-111 is a small Micro Processor based diagnostic tool for comprehensive condition analysis of rotating machinery. Objective measurements of machine condition are needed as a reliable base for preventive maintenance. Now maintenance person can analyze bearing condition, measure machine vibration and check rotational speed


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Join Mike Jenzeh, Co-founder and President of Magnation Water Technologies to discover:
- How the magnetic fields of the Earth improve the water quality of the rain
- The way Magnation Water Technologies is utilizing this to improve water quality
- What happens when farmers use "rain-like"
- How "rain-like" water improves human health
- The many different ways that water technology mimics the way nature works
- How "rain-like" water improves the function of existing irrigation systems
- The amount of water saved through utilizing "rain-like" water
- What the additional benefits for the environment are by adopting "rain-like" water and
- How water technology creates negative ions necessary for a sustainable environment
Mike Jenzeh is the co-founder and presidents of Magnation Water Technologies. In 2008, Mike co-founded the company with his wife, Stef Jenzeh. The purpose behind the company: To help farmers solve their complex water challenges with innovative, cost-effective technologies.
Magnation Water Technologies emphasizes great products, exemplary service and honest answers. Mike and Stef grew Magnation from a tiny, windowless office into one of the largest, most trusted names in commercial and residential irrigation solutions.
Today, Magnation's water-wise irrigation devices are heavily used on many major farms and sports arenas across the United States and internationally.


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A sentence needs to make sense.
Look at these words: dog bone the its ate.
They don't make sense like this, but if we swap them round and add a capital letter and a full stop we get a proper sentence.
The dog ate its bone.
In this worksheet, you can practise making proper sentences out of jumbled words.
Here is a jumbled sentence. Swap the words round so that it makes sense and write the new sentence in the answer box.
Don't forget to put in a capital letter and full stop (not a question mark)!
yellow bananas are


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The plaque has in recent years been in the care of Bradford's Science and Media Museum but has been moved to the site of Le Prince's old workshop, which is now part of Leeds Beckett University's city campus.
Its unveiling was one of the highlights of a day of events hosted by Leeds Beckett and paying tribute to the Frenchman's work.
The programme also included a lecture by film, video and installation artist John Smith as well as the opening of a Le Prince exhibition that will run at Leeds Central Library until Thursday, November 16.
Leeds Beckett's Prof Robert Shail said: "Louis Le Prince was a pioneer who helped to make cinema possible.
"Today Leeds Beckett keeps those traditions of innovation alive at the Northern Film School.
"We are delighted to commemorate his achievements and the role of Leeds in film history through the launch of a new annual lecture, as well as the opening of an exhibition celebrating his life and work.
"This day of events demonstrates how our collaboration with Leeds International Film Festival keeps the city at the forefront of film culture."
The world's first moving pictures were recorded by Le Prince as he stood at a window overlooking Leeds Bridge one day back in 1888.
Sadly, he never benefited from his breakthrough – two years later he mysteriously disappeared after boarding a train during a trip home to France.
Attendees at today's plaque unveiling included Le Prince's great-great-granddaughter Laurie Snyder, Leeds City Council leader Coun Judith Blake and Coun Jane Dowson, the Lord Mayor of Leeds.
The Leeds International Film Festival began on Wednesday and runs until November 16.


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- or -
Wikipedia article
This article is about an older version of DF.
Bronze is a manufactured metal that does not occur naturally. Bronze bars can be used to make reasonable weapons and armor that are 75% effective compared to iron. Bronze can also be used to make furniture and other objects at a metalsmith's forge.
Bronze cannot be smelted from a single ore; it must be smelted using one of the following recipes:
Bronze has a value of 5 and uses the same ingredients as fine pewter (which also has a value of 5). If you find yourself short of tin, use this metal to make your objects of art instead of using fine pewter.
Another advantage of bronze is that, from ores, it only requires 1 fuel to smelt 2 bars of bronze. This is the best fuel:product ratio of any weapon-grade metal in the game*. This can be key in the early game, or on fuel-scarce maps, and/or if time is a critical factor.
(* of silver, copper, bronze, bismuth bronze, iron or steel.)
See Also:[edit]


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Essential Science for Effective Exploration
Through our SEEBASE regional studies, Global SEEBASE D2B packages, suite of data products, consulting services and government solutions, we provide actionable science that reduces risk and improves economic outcomes for petroleum agencies and explorers in every corner of the world.
What is SEEBASE - and why is it an exploration essential?
SEEBASE® is an interpreted depth-to-basement model that is the result of a number of calibration and integration steps:
Interpretation of Basement Terranes
Review and Update of Plate Reconstructions
Integration of Tectonic Events and Responses
Gravity and Magnetics Modelling
Assessment and Integration of Crustal Architecture
Seismic and Well Calibration
Extensive Literature Review
Read more about the SEEBASE difference here.


The Art of Paper Cutting
Annie Howe in Action
Annie Howe
Text by Linda Wright/Photography by Sean Scheidt Photography
The word "scherenschnitte," meaning scissor snips, is the German name for the art of paper cutting. Today, however, you are more likely to find artists making creative cuts with a craft knife.
For as long as paper has existed, people have been cutting it. The oldest surviving paper cutwork is a circle discovered in China dating back to the 6th century. Detailed paper cuts have been found in a variety of styles from countries and cultures around the world.