Using the App Autoscaler API
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This topic explains how to use the App Autoscaler API.
You can use the App Autoscaler API as an interface to App Autoscaler. You can also use the App Autoscaler Cloud Foundry command-line interface (cf CLI) plugin, which offers the same features as the App Autoscaler API. See Using the App Autoscaler CLI.
API Endpoints
The API is exposed by the autoscale-api app that runs next to the autoscale app in the autoscaling space of the system org. This is the base URL of all the requests covered in the sections below.
If your system domain is system-domain.com, in most cases you can reach the autoscale app at autoscale.sys.system-domain.com and the API at autoscale.sys.system-_URL_. Confirm that you can reach both the app and the API before you proceed.
Authentication
You must pass an access token to each API endpoint. The access token is expected as-is on the Authorization header of each request.
When you are logged in to your foundation with the cf CLI, get an access token by running cf oauth-token.
Note: The App Autoscaler API often returns a 404 error when a token is incorrect. If you a receiving a lot of 404 errors, check your access token.
Content Type Header
To make any PUT or POST requests, you must set the Content-Type header to application/json. If you do not set this, you might see the following error:
"Your token is invalid or the autoscaled application does not exist"
This error can appear regardless of the token you use.
Pagination
Most list calls use pagination. The App Autoscaler API uses a standard form of pagination that is very similar to how the Cloud Foundry API (CAPI) uses pagination.
The following is an example of a paginated response from the App Autoscaler API:
 {
 "pagination": {
 "total_results": 1,
 "total_pages": 1,
 "last": {
 "href": "_URL_
 },
 "next": null,
 "first": {
 "href": "_URL_
 },
 "previous": null
 },
 "resources": [
 ...list of objects...
 ]
}
Information
GET /api/v2/info
Parameters
None
Returns
A string denoting the App Autoscaler API version.
App Bindings
This section lists operations for app bindings.
Apps that are bound to App Autoscaler are represented by the App Autoscaler API as apps. This is similar to service binding in CAPI.
App Binding Object
Name Type Description
created_at string The timestamp for when this object was created
enabled Boolean Enables or disables scaling by App Autoscaler for this app
guid string The app GUID from CAPI
instance_limits.max integer The maximum instance count that this app is allowed
instance_limits.min integer The minimum instance count that this app is allowed
updated_at string The timestamp for when this object was last updated
Get All App Bindings in a Space
GET /api/v2/apps
Parameters
Parameter In Type Required Description
space_guid query string true The GUID of the space from which you want to get all app bindings
page query integer false The page of events to get
Returns
A paginated list of app bindings.
Get an App Binding
GET /api/v2/apps/:app_guid
Parameters
Parameter In Type Required Description
app_guid path string true The GUID of the app to get the binding for
Returns
An app binding.
Update an App Binding
PUT /api/v2/apps/:app_guid
Parameters
Parameter In Type Required Description
app_guid path string true The GUID of the app to update the binding for
enabled body Boolean false Enables or disables scaling by App Autoscaler for this app
instance_limits.max body integer false The maximum instance count that this app is allowed
instance_limits.min body integer false The minimum instance count that this app is allowed
Returns
An app binding.
Events
This section lists operations to retrieve events.
Scaling events include all scaling decisions made by App Autoscaler and other relevant changes. For example, an app is enabled or disabled.
Event Object
Name Type Description
created_at string The timestamp for when this object was created
description string A description of the event
scaling_factor integer The number of instances that the app was scaled by
updated_at string The timestamp for when this object was last updated
Get All Events for an App
GET /api/v2/apps/:app_guid/events
Parameters
Parameter In Type Required Description
app_guid path string true The GUID of the app to retrieve events for
page query integer false The page of events to get
Returns
A paginated list of events.
Rules
This section lists operations for rules.
Rules are tied to individual apps, and no one app can have multiple rules of the same category.
Rule Object
Name Type Description
created_at string The timestamp for when this object was created
comparison_metric string The divisor to compare metrics against
guid string The GUID for this particular object
metric string The metric on which scaling decisions are made
queue_name string The name of the queue to monitor for RabbitMQ rules
rule_type string The type of rule
rule_sub_type string The subtype of rule
threshold.max float The threshold beyond which the app is scaled up
threshold.min float The threshold below which the app is scaled down
updated_at string The timestamp for when this object was last updated
Get All Rules for an App
GET /api/v2/apps/:app_guid/rules
Parameters
Parameter In Type Required Description
app_guid path string true The GUID of the app to retrieve rules for
page query integer false The page of events to get
Returns
A paginated list of rules.
Create a Rule
POST /api/v2/apps/:app_guid/rules
Parameters
Parameter In Type Required Description
app_guid path string true The GUID of the app to create a rule for
comparison_metric body string false The divisor to compare metrics against
metric body string false The metric on which scaling decisions are made
queue_name body string false The name of the queue to monitor for RabbitMQ rules
rule_type body string true The type of rule
rule_sub_type body string false The subtype of rule
threshold.max body float true The threshold beyond which the app is scaled up
threshold.min body float true The threshold below which the app is scaled down
Returns
A rule.
Replace All Rules
PUT /api/v2/apps/:app_guid/rules
Parameters
Parameter In Type Required Description
app_guid path string true The GUID of the app to set rules for
array of rules body array true An array of rule objects. See Create a Rule.
Returns
A paginated list of rules.
Delete All Rules
DELETE /api/v2/apps/:app_guid/rules
Parameters
Parameter In Type Required Description
app_guid path string true The GUID of the app to delete rules for
Returns
A 204 status code and empty body indicating that all rules were deleted.
Get a Rule
GET /api/v2/apps/:app_guid/rules/:guid
Parameters
Parameter In Type Required Description
app_guid path string true The GUID of the app to get a rule for
guid path string true The GUID of the rule to get
Returns
A rule.
Delete a Rule
DELETE /api/v2/apps/:app_guid/rules/:rule_guid
Parameters
Parameter In Type Required Description
app_guid path string true The GUID of the app to delete a rule for
rule_guid path string true The GUID of the rule to delete
Returns
A 204 status code and empty body indicating that the rule was deleted.
Scheduled Limit Changes
This section lists operations for scheduled limit changes (SLCs).
SLCs are jobs scheduled for the future that alter app status, such as enabling, disabling, or instance limits.
Scheduled Limit Change Object
Name Type Description
created_at string The timestamp for when this object was created
enabled Boolean Whether or not the app is enabled or disabled
executes_at string The UTC timestamp indicating when this SLC is first executed
guid string The GUID of this object
instance_limits.max integer The maximum instance count that is set on the app
instance_limits.min integer The minimum instance count that is set on the app
recurrence integer A number that represents the days of the week that the change executes. Each bit in the number represents a day in the following order: sun, mon, tue, wed, thur, fri, sat. For example, repeat mon, wed, fri = _PHONE_ = 42.
updated_at string The timestamp for when this object was last updated
Get All Scheduled Limit Changes for an App
GET /api/v2/apps/:app_guid/scheduled_limit_changes
Parameters
Parameter In Type Required Description
app_guid path string true The GUID of the app to retrieve SLCs for
page query integer false The page of SLCs to get
Returns
A paginated list of SLCs.
Create a Scheduled Limit Change
POST /api/v2/apps/:app_guid/scheduled_limit_changes
Parameters
Parameter In Type Required Description
app_gui


text: The Japanese crane (Grus japonensis) known as the red-crowned crane, also called the Manchurian crane, is a large East Asian crane among the rarest cranes in the world and is sacred and seen as a symbol of fidelity, good luck, love and long life in the Orient. It is also the second rarest crane species in the world. These tall, graceful birds are mainly white in colour with black lower wings.The wingspan of the Japanese crane measures up to 2.5 metres! Japanese cranes are the most aquatic species of crane and prefer to forage in deep water. Japanese cranes usually pair for life and perform an elaborate, synchronised, balletic courtship dance to reinforce this bond.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
WASHINGTON – U.S. Senators Bill Cassidy, M.D. (R-LA) and Jacky Rosen (D-NV) released the following statement after their bipartisan resolution designating National Cybersecurity Education Week unanimously passed the Senate. The resolution designates the week of June 21 through 25 as National Cybersecurity Education Week. The resolution also commits the Senate to raising awareness about cyber education and taking legislative actions to address cybersecurity education expansion and address the cybersecurity workforce shortage.
"Recent cyberattacks demonstrate the need for stronger cybersecurity. Proud to see our resolution to support an all-of-nation response to cyber-threats pass the Senate," said Dr. Cassidy.
"I am thrilled the Senate has unanimously passed my bipartisan resolution with Senator Cassidy, which for the first time designates a National Cybersecurity Education Week. K-12 cyber education is the key to building a cyber-ready workforce," said Senator Rosen. "As our nation faces a dire cybersecurity workforce shortage, this bipartisan resolution will help ensure children, teens, and young adults have access to cybersecurity education before they enter the workforce."
Earlier this week, Cassidy and Rosen introduced a bipartisan resolution designating National Cybersecurity Education Week.
Last year Cassidy and Rosen introduced the PROTECT (Providing Resources for Ongoing Training and Education in Cyber Technologies) Act, legislation that would authorize and provide stability to the Department of Homeland Security's Cybersecurity Education and Training Assistance Program (CETAP). CETAP provides cybersecurity workforce development assistance to K-12 students across the United States.


text:
Wonderful, pulsing with grace, and an awe inspiring atmosphere, Bali is the most admired getaway destinations on the globe that demonstrates a fascinating amalgam of many attributes. A holiday in the place is welcome at any time; visiting through festivals helps make for an all the greater occurring holiday. Take a look at five common festivals from the island which enamour countless holidaymakers and prompts them to e book air tickets to Bali a great deal in advance.
Among the list of revered festivals inside the island Galungan occurs just about every 210 times and lasts for ten days. In the Pageant, people today of Bali celebrate the victory of advantage over evil. Guests can delight in wonderful dances, enough of cultural food items, and an excellent jovial ambience. Inhabitants on the island beautify a tall bamboo pole outside their properties. On tenth working day celebrations take place at water temple; Tampaksiring and ancestors are honoured with countless tributes.
Tawur Kesanga and Nyepi
Travellers booking tickets to Bali in advance for journey during late March or early April usually takes part in Tawur Kesanga and Nyepi. It can be celebrated for marking the beginning of recent lunar year. Tawur Kesanga falls each day just before Nyepi. On Tawur Kesanga, villagers build effigies of monster and immediately after having to pay tributes they burn it in just ceremonial fire. Future working day, Nyepi, the day of silence is celebrated without any amusement and merrymaking. Not a soul is allowed to shift outside of the house Because the stillness of your island tricks the devil spirit into believing that villagers have left the spot.
Bali Art Festival
Come June, and also the island basks in the glory of Bali Arts Festival. The full thirty day period Competition features amazing each day performances, magnificent handicraft exhibitions and plenty of cultural functions. It's an once a year cultural event of Denpasar or can say full Indonesia usually takes element while in the carnival. Bali Artwork Competition gives a singular chance to behold the spectacular classical palace dance performances, enjoy the calming tunes and gorge on lip smacking foods.
Nusa Dua Competition
Nusa Dua Pageant is celebrated while in the month of August and September. It capabilities large number of colourful cultural gatherings, amazing handicraft exhibitions, mesmerizing standard art, enthralling dance, outstanding drama and enamouring tunes performances. Travellers reserving airline tickets to Bali can immerse from the superb tradition of the island as being the Pageant gives wonderful cultural performances and things to do.
Bali Kite Competition
Last but not the minimum, a novel among the all festivals Bali Kite Festival is celebrated in Padang Galak close to Sanur Seaside throughout June. The competition is celebrated to request god for producing rich harvests and crops. On this festival, multi hued and unique formed kites accentuate the attraction of aqua blue sky. Small children and older people just take section from the kite flying competitiveness as well as the ambience in the seaside is punctuated with entrancing melody of gamelan orchestra.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
Information Retrieval and E-Service: Towards Open Information Retrieval
Proceedings of International Conference on Service Systems and Service Management (ICSSSM)
The concept of Information Retrieval (IR) could be extended towards an Open Information Retrieval (Open IR) approach. Open IR gives users a wider range of access methods when retrieving business objects (e.g. projects, products, skills, people, deliverables…) using Web applications. Open IR is based on the concept of the "Entity", as defined in the Hypertopic model. The Hypertopic model is a knowledge representation language we propose for mediating various "socio-semantic Web" applications, using topic maps co-constructed by members of a community. We briefly describe in this paper how Hypertopic "Entities" can be viewed "semiotically", depending on various topics and points of view. We describe how entity-based Hypertopic maps can be used to facilitate users' search efforts. For this purpose, we illustrate Open IR in the field of e-commerce: we examine complex features which could be proposed on electronic market places to describe/retrieve entities such as products proposed by multiple providers. Keywords: knowledge engineering, e-commerce, e-market place, information retrieval, socio semantic web.


What weight can it take?
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The Swytch Motor Wheel is built stronger and tougher than a normal bicycle wheel, so unless you are exceeding 200kg of weight, you will not experience any problems.
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text:
150 Years Ago Today in the Civil War: Battle of Philippi
Posted by Diane
This June 3, 1861, battle, which resulted in a Union victory, was part of a campaign by Maj. Gen. George McClellan, then commander of the Department of Ohio, to protect mostly pro-Union western Virginia and secure railroad bridges.
What may be the first battlefield amputations were performed on the Confederate side. Horrible as it was, this common battlefield surgery, which generally took about 15 minutes, saved many lives, according to Michael O. Varhola in the book Life in Civil War America.
One of the patients was 18-year-old James E. Hanger, who lost his leg. After returning home, he crafted an artificial leg from barrel staves with a hinge at the knee. He was commissioned to manufacture prosthetic limbs for other wounded soldiers and patented his device. He founded what is now the Hanger Orthopedic Group, still a leading manufacturer of artificial limbs.
Civil War | Genealogy books
Friday, June 03, 2011 9:52:20 AM (Eastern Daylight Time, UTC-04:00)

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


tkbx tkbx - 1 month ago 5x
Python Question
Insert line at middle of file with Python?
Is there a way to do this? Say I have a file that's a list of names that goes like this:
 1. Alfred
 2. Bill
 3. Donald
How could I insert the third name, "Charlie", at line x (in this case 3), and automatically send all others down one line? I've seen other questions like this, but they didn't get helpful answers. Can it be done, preferably with either a method or a loop?
Answer
This is a way of doing the trick.
f = open("path_to_file", "r")
contents = f.readlines()
f.close()
contents.insert(index, value)
f = open("path_to_file", "w")
contents = "".join(contents)
f.write(contents)
f.close()
"index" and "value" are the line and value of your choice, lines starting from 0.
Comments


but a pinhole is not a lens, and as I understand it, for lenses (or optical systems in general??), the focal distance is defined not by the distance between the point and the imaging plane, but between the center of the lens and a point, given an input of parallel lines. Is that not correct? (Note: see video links on my comment to John's answer --… -- also, note that I'm genuinely asking; I'm relatively new to understanding optics at this level.) – lindes Dec 11 '10 at 1:42
Yes you are correct a pinhole has no focal length as the focal length describes a lenses ability to bend light, what I meant to say is that the effective focal length of a pinehole system is the distance between the pinhole and screen, i.e. it gives the same field of view as a lens with the same fl. The point is you need to make assumptions about an imaging system in order to predict how it will behave if you change one of the parameters without knowing the others. – Matt Grum Dec 11 '10 at 14:44
add comment
Your Answer


text: Every year I update this sacred geometry calendar which has images from the Martineau Solar System. Here are details about the 12 images which are highly accurate geometric models of pairs of planetary orbits in our solar system. They were inspired by the remarkable work of John Martineau (publisher of Wooden Books), who wrote "A Little Book of Coincidence." Tiled images of planetary surfaces and related images form the backgrounds. Images are two or more orbits defined by simple 2D (circles, triangles, squares, pentagons, hexagons, octagons) or 3D geometries (e.g. tetrahedron, icosahedron, dodecahedron) typically with 99.9% or greater accuracy. The work picks up where Johannes Kepler's mystical exploration left off.


Lots of you have been asking for a print output to Excel (this has come up in discussions at user groups, in e-mail threads, and in the comments to my blog entry regarding RTF files). I've been giving this one some thought, and honestly, I don't believe that Excel makes sense as a "print" format. I am not saying that I don't see a need for programmatic Excel spreadsheet generation, I just don't know how a spreadsheet would map to a printable output.
As I see it (and as I've been demonstrating for the past three weeks), there are two distinct needs when it comes to printing from within ColdFusion apps:
1) Printing web pages: essentially compensating for the pathetic printing support in most browsers, allowing for content (text, images, alignment, tables, etc.) to be printed so that pages and breaks and wrapping all work properly. Being able to create PDF, FlashPaper, or RTF versions of web pages makes lots of sense. The intent is to generate something that is printable, and those all are. But this type of printing makes absolutely no sense as an Excel spreadsheet, there is no way to map freeform content to Excel rows and cells in any way that would actually be useful or relevant.
2) Reporting: data driven template based reports that display data in a structured format, supporting bands, running calculations, charting, and more. Supporting the same print formats makes sense too. Unlike the printing scenario described above, the type of data presented in reports is a bit more structured and so it may indeed be a fit for Excel spreadsheets. But, I still don't quite understand how it could all work. Spreadsheets are 2 dimensional data views (essentially data grids, with a possible 3rd dimension if tabs are used), and reports really are not grids at all. After all, if you were to indent a total in your report, what spreadsheet cell would you want it in? And if you used a sum function would you expect the value or an Excel sum function to be embedded? And if you used nested bands with headers and footers, what would those map to? What would rows line up to? There is way too much potential ambiguity here, and the reality of it would likely be that the generated spreadsheet would never be exactly what you intended. To generate accurate spreadsheet content you would need to either a) explicitly put content in specific cells (using APIs for explicit cell manipulation), or b) be able to generate a grid type view with enough control so that it may be intelligently mapped to cells. And honestly, both seem like a lot of trouble for not much upside. Especially as you can already use other techniques to generate Excel content, including generating CSV content, and generating HTML tables which Excel can process properly (mapping HTML table cells to Excel spreadsheet cells, once you have done the work of determining exactly what to place in each cell, Excel can handle the importing quite nicely).
I may be way off base here, but it seems that the use case for Excel is very different from that of PDF or even RTF. The latter are great as print formats, I buy that. But Excel is not a print format at all, it is a tool used for data analysis, and that may result in charting and reporting, but not necessarily so. Or, put differently, data is not sent to Excel merely to be able to print it, that would make little sense. Data is sent to Excel to be manipulated, to perform calculations, to generate charts, and more. This may ultimately be printed, but the primary objective is the data manipulation that Excel offers, not the fact that it can print.
As such, I think that if ColdFusion were to generate Excel content then the interface to it should not be printing or reporting at all. It sounds like users want an "export" feature, a way to take a database query and export it to some other useful format, like Excel (or even XML). I can see a tag like this:
Or maybe functions like:#QueryToCSV(myQuery)#
#QueryToXML(myQuery)#
Both interfaces make sense (and have pros and cons), and both would allow you to simply generate Excel content (perhaps with column names as the top row, and then data in specific cells). Maybe we could even allow additional functionality to better manipulate specific cells (to set values, add formatting or functions, and more), we'd need to think that one through in more detail.
The more I think of it, the more I agree that Excel spreadsheet generation makes a lot of sense, and the more I feel that the use case and usage patterns require a slightly different way of thinking.
Your thoughts?
25 thoughts
 1. and, if you want to add formatting/features specific to excel, you can use something like the apache project's POI (hssf) library. I've had good results using it from CFMX.
 2. I absolutely agree with you here. Unfortunately, I confused generating Excel files and using Excel files for print output.
 The ability to generate/save "stuff" as Excel in an easy way would be great.
 3. Ben, I don't like my users doing things out of what I build them, but they do. My clients like spreadsheets full of data that they can use outside of the systems that we build for them. Some import it into other systems, some use it for reports, some just like having it.
 I don't like it, but that's what they want. They also want mailing labels, name tags, etc. Which is perfect for RTF.
 PDF is nice for everything else.
 4. I agree that Export to Excel is geared towards data analysis rather than presentation. Ideally I'd like to be able to export the data into a range (named or defined) on a specific sheet within a pre-existing workbook. That way you can create pivot tables, VLOOKUPs and such like and just replace the data. Certainly the ability to target a sheet (or create a new one) within a workbook is very important (without it what's the point?)
 Shame on you no 3D capability! We have Excel here that slices and dices the data like an epileptic sushi chef. My current favourite has 42 sheets for man hours analysis. I'd like to add I don't do any Excel development just an odd data dump to workbooks the finance bods here build.
 I keep trying to convince them that OLAP is the way to go but what do I know about it 🙁
 5. Why not using for ex. <cfsavecontent>?
 Try to reuse as much tags as possible, or else you get much like a tagsoup.
 6. I have done some limited CF to Excel spreadsheet generation after reading "Excel's Web Query" in the Dec2001 version of CFDev Journal . Is a hidden feature of Excel not very well publicied but helps start things off. From memory I did manage to get simple SUM commands to export to excel, and colours etc, was kind of through trial error more than anything else.
 _URL_
 don't know if this could help anyone ?
 Cheers
 Andrew
 7. I agree that output to excel is unrelated to the print format topic of pdf, rtf, and flashpaper.
 Excel tends to be used for data manipulation, the other formats are for presentation.
 In your list of functions, we would also benefit from CSVToQuery and XMLToQuery, wouldn't we?
 – Calvin
 8. In generating content to an Excel spreadsheet, will it be possible to have the output stored in different worksheets (tabs) within the same workbook? This is a feature that our users have asked for. Some of the custom tags that offer this capability require that Excel be installed on the Web server and that's not allowed in our case.
 9. I think if you want to work with Excel you might as well use ODBC. I found it pretty easy to write SQL that could read and update Excel spreadsheets. If anyone is interested I can send you an example CFMX tag. _EMAIL_
 10. There are two big things Excel offers that others solutions don't. First, you can use Excel to design a template which has can be formatted for viewing and printing. Once you have a template it is really easy to just fill in the data –especially if you use my custom tag. Second, Excel allows you to not only place data in cells, but also formulas. This is a really powerful feature that allows end users to get reports that can also be used for "what if" scenarios by changing specific cells and watching the others update.
 11. We all know ColdFusion can generate Excel with CFHEADER and CFCONTENT, but rather then outputting html tables, xml can be used â€"
 <cfsetting showdebugoutput="no">
 <CFHEADER NAME="Content-Disposition" VALUE="filename=file.xls">
 <cfcontent type="application/msexcel"><?xml version="1.0"?>
 <?mso-application progid="Excel.Sheet"?>
 Then sophisticated formatting like cell rotation can be used:
 <Style ss:ID="s21"><Alignment ss:Vertical="Bottom" ss:Rotate="90"


Monitor Unit Calculation Practice Problem
A patient is being treated with radiation therapy using a SSD of 98 cm and a rectangular field size of 13.4 cm by 16.8 cm at the surface. The SAD for this machine is 100 cm. The medical linear accelerator is calibrated to deliver 1 cGy/MU at a depth t0 = dmax = 1.5 cm, using a setup SSD of 100 cm and a field size of 10 cm x 10 cm. What is the number of monitor units (MU) required to deliver an absorbed dose of 200 cGy to a depth of 18.6 cm, on the central axis of the beam?
**Use the data provided below for square field sizes. (You will not need all the data provided, and some data may need to be derived using the F factor or the TMR/PDD conversion equation.)
Field Size (cm) S_c S_p PDD(d = 18.6 \: cm, SSD = 100 \: cm)
13.4 1.014 1.007 43.9
14.9 1.020 1.010 44.5
15.2 1.021 1.010 44.6
17.7 1.031 1.015 45.6
MU


Visian ICL
Visian ICL (Implantable Collamer Lens)
visian icl (implantable collamer lens)The Visian ICL™ is another type of Phakic Intraocular Lens which is manufactured from a soft foldable polymeric material called Collamer. The cornea is actually comprised of collagen and sothis material provides excellent biocompatibility and superior optical capability. It is readily implanted in your eye behind the iris, or colored part of the eye, by gently folding it and injecting into the anterior chamber through a tiny incision only 3.0mm in length placed by the eye surgeon at the clear edge of the cornea.
Advantages of the Visian ICL
 - Quality of Vision – The Visian ICL produces not only improved visual acuity (20/20 vision is considered normal visual acuity), but also excellent visual quality. Many patients experience the "wow" factor when they experience the immediate improvement in the quality of their vision.
 - Biocompatibility – Collamer, the 100% pure collagen copolymer lens material of the Visian ICL, is not viewed as a foreign object by the body's immune system.
 - Versatility – The Visian ICL offers a wider treatment range for myopia than LASIK and PRK procedures.
 - Removable – The Visian ICL was designed to be permanently placed in the eye. However, the lens can be removed if a patient's vision changes or if it otherwise needs to be removed or replaced.For more information on the Visian ICL™, click here.
Frequently Asked Questions about the Visian ICL
The Visian ICL (Implantable Collamer Lens) has been gaining recognition as a phakic intraocular lens that produces exceptional quality of vision. It is revolutionizing the refractive correction industry. Below are some of the frequently asked questions about STAAR Surgical Company's implantable Collamer lens.
Q: Am I a candidate for the Visian ICL?
A. The implantable Collamer lens works best for patients who suffer from moderate to severe myopia, but have not had other ophthalmic surgeries. Those between the ages of 21 and 45 without a history of ophthalmic diseases such as glaucoma, iritis, or diabetic retinopathy make the best candidates for the Visian ICL.
Q. What are the advantages of the Visian ICL?
A. The Visian ICL can correct a wide range of myopia without removing or destroying the cornea's delicate tissue. During this surgical eye correction procedure, the doctor makes a tiny incision about 3 mm long. This incision will not require sutures. It is just large enough to insert the Visian ICL, a small, foldable, injectable lens. The lens is made of an advanced biocompatible material called Collamer. Because the Visian ICL is placed inside the eye, refractive outcomes and optical performance are consistent. The result is excellent quality of vision.
Q. What if a patient's vision changes?
A. The Visian ICL may be removed or replaced if eyesight changes. Another surgical eye correction can be done to correct the discrepancy. Eyeglasses and contact lenses may also be worn if correction becomes necessary. The phakic IOL cannot be used to treat presbyopia, the need for reading glasses due to age.
Q. Can the lenses dry out or get dirty like a contact lens?
A. No. The Visian ICL is designed to be a maintenance-free eye correction treatment. We recommend you continue to have annual ophthalmology exams to ensure that your eyes stay healthy.
Q. Can the Visian ICL be seen by the naked eye?
A. No. Your vision correction lens will be completely invisible to you and all observers. The Visian ICL is hidden behind the iris, resulting in a perfect cosmetic appearance. Only medical professionals will be able to determine that there is a lens in place.
Q. What is the Visian ICL made of?
A. The Visian ICL uses a collagen co-polymer material called Collamer, which is proprietary to STAAR Surgical Company. It contains a small amount of purified collagen and is very stable and biocompatible, which means it will not cause a reaction in your eye. Additionally, it contains an ultraviolet light filter.
Q. How long will the Visian ICL stay in the eye?
A. The Visian ICL is intended to remain in place without maintenance. If for any reason removal of the lens becomes necessary, it can be easily taken out by a trained ophthalmic surgeon.
Q. Can the Visian ICL be felt once it is in place?
A. Because the Visian ICL does not attach to any eye structures or move around in the eye, most patients do not feel it or notice that it is there.
Want more information about Visian ICL? Schedule your consultation or call _PHONE_ to learn more from our friendly, knowledgeable staff.


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A missing intensity interpolation method using a kernel principal component analysis (PCA)-based projection onto convex sets (POCS) algorithm and its applications are presented in this paper. In order to interpolate missing intensities within a target image, the proposed method reconstructs local textures containing the missing pixels by using the POCS algorithm. In this reconstruction process, a nonlinear eigenspace is constructed from each kind of texture, and the optimal subspace for the target local texture is introduced into the constraint of the POCS algorithm. In the proposed method, the optimal subspace can be selected by monitoring errors converged in the reconstruction process. This approach provides a solution to the problem in conventional methods of not being able to effectively perform adaptive reconstruction of the target textures due to missing intensities, and successful interpolation of the missing intensities by the proposed method can be realized. Furthermore, since our method can restore any images including arbitrary-shaped missing areas, its potential in two image reconstruction tasks, image enlargement and missing area restoration, is also shown in this paper.


Saving layouts
You can save your Monitoring task layouts in an areas view that everyone can access.
What you should know
When you save a Monitoring task as a layout, the tile pattern, and the entities displayed in each tile (tile content) are saved. The monitoring state (event and alarm monitoring) of the tiles, and the video mode of the cameras (live or playback) are not saved with the layout.
NOTE: The Save as layout menu item is only available in a Monitoring task.
The benefits of saving a Monitoring task layout are as follows:
 - You can quickly change the monitored entities (cameras, doors, and so on) without leaving the Monitoring task.
 - You can share layouts with other users who have access to the area view where the layout was saved.
To save a Monitoring task as a layout:
 1. In the Monitoring task, right-click the task tab and click Save as layout.
 NOTE: Only users with the required access rights to the area can view or modify this layout.
 2. In the Save as layout dialog box, use the drop-down menu to select the area where you want to save the layout.
 3. Enter a Name for the layout.
 Example: If you are currently monitoring your parking lot cameras, you can save your Monitoring task as a layout with the name Parking lot - Monitoring layout.
 4. (Optional) Enter a Logical ID.
 5. Click Save.
After you finish


Kenyans Odi Dancing in Covid-19 Quarantine Inspire Hope [VIDEO]
Kenyans quarantined at Kenyatta University protest against the government on Wednesday, April 15, 2020
A break from the doom and gloom occasioned by the Covid-19 pandemic came in the form of a viral video of Kenyans dancing at a quarantine facility that surfaced on Monday, June 1.
In a hospital gown, one of those in the ward excitedly got up as he started dancing to Phone Stress by Busy Signal, a popular Dancehall tune and a favorite among odi dancers.
As he continued with the groove, other patients in the ward joined in, each showing off their moves as they beckoned a health worker in full Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) to join in.
The nurse stole the show and had the ward watching as she happily odi danced to the tune, with other dancing patients urging her on in the background.
Odi dancing was made popular by young Kenyans inventing moves to Dancehall songs, and moved into the mainstream thanks to a hit of the same name by Timeless Noel. It became entrenched in the Gengetone music genre that subsequently emerged in 2018 and took over the charts.
The video of the dancers in quarantine inspired a large section of Kenyans who took to social media to express the joy and hope it brought them.
Particularly, the video was credited with helping combat stigma brought about by the pandemic even as the government reiterates messaging against stigmatization of those infected with Covid-19 or in quarantine.
Those in quarantine have faced stigma even after leaving the facilities Covid-19 free, with many friends, relatives and neighbors afraid of associating with them in fear of contracting the disease.
Some of those who arrived in the country from foreign nations and were subjected to mandatory quarantine for 14 days have recounted their struggles in re-integrating with their family, friends and communities.
Common complaints include the fact that in places such as home, no one wants to touch what they have touched and they are often confined to separate spaces.
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), social stigma is the negative association between a person or group of people who share certain characteristics.
In the Covid-19 scenario, patients may be labelled, stereotyped, discriminated against, treated separately, and experience loss of status.
This stigma, WHO explains, is predicated on the fact that it is a new disease, the fear of the unknown and the ability to associate it with 'others'.


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3 Types of Forests in British Columbia
A close look at Golden Ears Provincial Park in British Columbia.
Within British Columbia, there are several distinct forest types that hundreds of rare plants and animals call home. Along the coast, it is possible to find a coastal forest and even the rare temperate rainforest. Deeper into the interior and to the north, visitors will find dense boreal forests which populate much of Canada.
Common trees throughout British Columbia include the spruce and lodgepole pine, though further south and in the rainforest, red cedars remain prominent. While much of the boreal forest is densely populated, there is a range of elevations and topography types throughout the coastal forests ranging from valleys, mountains, and coastal wetland areas.
Types of Forests in British Columbia
This is a view over Howe Sound Inlet in British Columbia.
British Columbia is the far western province of Canada sandwiched between Washington state to the south and the Arctic to the north. This area is known for its densely populated forests that are home to countless animals and plants.
Although most forest in this area is categorized as the boreal forest, the rare coastal forest and temperate rainforest give this part of the world a unique and exciting ecozone that cannot be compared to anywhere else in the world. Below, let's take a closer look at British Columbia's forests to appreciate better the vast diversity these forests can offer.
Coastal Forest
This is an aerial view of Graham Island in British Columbia.
Located along the Pacific Ocean, British Columbia is home to some incredible coastal forest areas. Stretching 150 km down the coast of western Canada, visitors will find a range of tree species and several animals that can only be found in this part of the area. The coastal forests extend from the Cascade Range in northern Washington into Canada.
See also How Long are Avocado Plant Roots?
They include parts of the Nass Ranges and the Nass River and include parts of Olympic Mountain and Olympic Peninsula. While most trees are coniferous in a densely packed forested area, it is also possible to find lowland areas with fjords, valleys, and inlets.
Compared to other parts of the forest, this coastal forest is usually drier than inland forests. The coastal forest is mainly coniferous, although there are some deciduous trees spotted throughout this temperate forest. Visitors will be able to find red cedar trees, hemlocks, and Douglas fir trees.
The coastal forests in British Columbia have some of the rarest plants and animals in the world, making them extremely vulnerable. Luckily, much of the area is protected, and the forest is about 40% of its original size. Ongoing preservation efforts are in place to maintain much of this area's flora and fauna.
The majority of the coastal forest is in some type of national park or wildlife area. The rare Kermode bear calls this part of the world home. The Kermode bear is a black bear with a rare recessive gene that causes 10% of the cubs to have a white coat. Grizzly bears, moose, black bears, caribou, grey wolf, and fox can also be found in the coastal forests of British Columbia.
Boreal Forest
This is a sunset view of Unicorn Peak in Olympic National Park.
Much of Canada has boreal forest land, and British Columbia is no different. This type of forest covers over 38 million acres in British Columbia. A boreal forest is defined by mostly coniferous trees that can withstand difficult and harsh winter conditions.
See also Are Flamingos Pink? If Not, What Other Colors Are They?
The trees commonly found in a boreal forest can withstand long periods of drought and freezing temperatures. Compared to broadleaf trees, coniferous trees have needles. The needles will stay in place for the entire year rather than shed their leaves once per season.
These "evergreen" trees retain their color throughout the year and often will have cones rather than flowers to populate.
The boreal forest is home to many tree species, including white spruce, Engelmann spruce, and lodgepole pines. Black spruce can also be found but are usually much further in the northeastern part of the province. Several animals make the boreal forest their home.
More than 85 different species of animal life in the boreal forests in British Columbia, including grizzly bears, black bears, wolves, moose, bison, and elk. Smaller mammals like beavers and snowshoe hares also call this part of the world home. Several migratory birds can be found in the boreal forest.
Rainforest
This is a close look at a pathway within Pacific Rim National Park in British Columbia.
It may shock some people to learn that British Columbia is home to a rainforest. In fact, British Columbia has the largest coastal temperate rainforest in the entire world. Although many people associate a rainforest with the tropics, it is quite possible to have a rainforest in colder climates and more northern locations.
To qualify as a rainforest, an area of the forest only needs to receive a minimum of 60 inches of rain each year. The inland temperate rainforest in British Columbia gets a whopping 150 inches of rain every year.
Located on the Pacific coast, the coastal rainforest stretches from Haida Gwaii to Stanley Park. The rainforest is comprised of over 6.4 million hectares of protected forested area. Several ancient trees rely on abundant moisture within this area of old-growth forest to keep them healthy.
See also 19 Different Types of Forests in Oregon
Many of the trees in this rainforest are near 2,000 years old. Common tree species in this ancient forest include Sitka spruce and common western red cedar. This old forest area is also home to several animals, including grizzly bears, salmon, and a black bear population with a rare recessive gene that causes the fur to look white.
Luckily, conservation efforts are underway to protect the animals and vegetation found within this forest region. Although the forest industry is quite profitable, producing large amounts of valuable timber, 85% of the old trees within this area remain protected, especially from old-growth logging.
FAQs
Understanding the different forest types through British Columbia can be challenging, especially given the diverse topography and geographical locations throughout this Canadian province.
To better help you understand Canada's forests, we have put together a list of commonly asked questions related to the different types of forests found in British Columbia.
What type of forest is Vancouver?
Vancouver is in the southernmost region of British Columbia and is located close to the coast. Much of the forest found in this populous city is considered a temperate rainforest. Vancouver Island, located just off the coast, is home to some of the most varied and dense temperate rainforest environments.
Where is Canada's boreal forest?
Boreal forests usually consist of thick coniferous trees that are designed to withstand brutal winters and cold temperatures. Many of the boreal forests can be found in the northern regions of Canada. The uppermost portions of British Columbia contain the most extensive sections of the boreal forest.
See also 17 Different Types of Forests in Alaska
What are the best places for forests in British Columbia?
The best places to see forests in British Columbia really depends on the type of forest and wildlife you want to see, as well as how far you are willing to travel. For those close to Vancouver, a quick trip to Vancouver Island will have plenty of bio-diversity in this coastal rainforest environment.
Taking a more adventurous trip up the coast will take visitors to the Great Bear Rainforest, which features some densely populated forests filled with ancient trees. Even further north, adventurers can visit the boreal forests to the north.


culmination meaning in hindi
Pronunciation of culmination
culmination in Images
culmination Antonyms
culmination Definitions and meaning in English
 1. a final climactic stage
 2. (astronomy) a heavenly body's highest celestial point above an observer's horizon
 3. the decisive moment in a novel or play
 4. a concluding action
 5. conclusion; climactic stage
culmination Sentences in English
 1. समापन
 The reforms marked the successful culmination of a long campaign.
Tags: culmination meaning in hindi, culmination ka matalab hindi me, hindi meaning of culmination, culmination meaning dictionary. culmination in hindi. Translation and meaning of culmination in English hindi dictionary. Provided by a free online English hindi picture dictionary.


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About State Symbols
The Oregon Legislature designates state symbols (emblems), most of which are listed in Oregon Revised Statute 186. Some of the symbols, such as the state fossil Metasequoia, are unique to Oregon while others are shared with other states. For example, the Western Meadowlark, Oregon's state bird, is also recognized as the official state symbol by several other states. Even the iconic state animal, the beaver, is shared as a symbol with New York.
Alphabetical State Symbols
Please select the alphabetical range for the state symbol you seek or browse using the next option.
The following sections also include useful information for school reports:


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Learn more about our eBooks program and retail partners.
The Chemistry of Guanidine, Guanidinium, and Guanidinate Compounds
Australian Journal of Chemistry Special Issue, Volume 67, Number 7
Choon Hong Tan
This Special Issue describes the chemistry of compounds containing the guanidine functionality - in its neutral (guanidine), cationic (guanidinium), and anionic (guanidinate) forms. The diversity associated with this functional group is reflected in the contributions from all of the traditional areas of chemical research, including organic, inorganic, physical, and medicinal chemistry.
Visit the Australian Journal of Chemistryhome page.


Michelle Jones, Shake Shack
Retail Food Safety Forum
Simple Food Safety Training Combats Turnover
By Michelle Jones
Michelle Jones, Shake Shack
Restaurants must maintain a culture that continuously promotes food safety to empower employees to protect both their customers and their brand.
Retail food establishments face many challenges, and employee retention is one of the major concerns. Employee retention affects scheduling, hiring, and the overall effectiveness of training. Food safety training usually suffers when turnover occurs.
The safety of customers is dependent on an employee's knowledge and execution of the food safety standards that are in place.
The biggest challenge in training in the retail/hospitality industry is the risk that the employee may leave within the first year (or less) of employment. According to Restaurant.org, the average turnover rate for the restaurant/hospitality sector was 66.3% in 2014.1 This turnover rate creates a challenge for maintaining a solid food safety culture.
Restaurants can take proactive steps to create and maintain a food safety culture that is always visible to new and current employees by adopting various techniques.
Signage Is Your Friend
Signage throughout your restaurant is a great way to continuously relay a food safety message without confining employees to a computer or module-based system. This signage should be simple, sometimes playful and right to the point. An employee or manager takes roughly 30 seconds, on average, to read a message, so the shorter the better.
Visual signage is always a great tool to use in the back of house to relay food safety standards (e.g., proper cooking temperatures, order of storing food in coolers, etc.). Signage (photos specifically) may also assist employees who may not communicate in English proficiently. A picture is worth a thousand words, so utilize photos, cartoons or captions in order to relay the message.
Target the Leader
A quality assurance/food safety team should focus its training on the leaders of a region and/or district. Managers have more incentive to stay with companies longer; therefore, food safety training will be retained for a longer period. They may also visit their locations more frequently than the food safety professional, which gives them additional contact with the restaurant-level staff.
To assist these managers in their communication and verification of standards, compose a customized checklist for them to complete during a restaurant visit. The checklist should fulfill the following:
 1. Highlight the top opportunities they seek out (hand washing, sanitizer concentration, etc.)
 2. Provide the proper corrective action to eliminate the opportunities
 3. Considers their time. A manager does not have the ability to complete a five-page checklist. Keep it simple—just the facts!
If these managers are well versed on food safety and sanitation and procedures, they will be able to hold their restaurants to a higher level of compliance. So provide them with all of the tools they need to communicate to their employees.
Informed Employees Are Powerful Employees
Creating newsletters or publications serve as a great tool to keep employees informed of food safety policies. These articles can highlight trends in your company and new products available for use (i.e., chemicals, thermometers, etc.).
By law, every restaurant must have an area where employee information is listed (minimum wage, disability rights, etc.). This board is the perfect place to post your publication.
In conclusion, keeping employees trained on proper food safety standards is the best way to ensure your customers are safe and your brand is protected. Implementing various forms of communication of these standards will create a strong foundation for an excellent food safety culture to exist.
 1. National Restaurant Association. Hospitality employee turnover rose in 2014. March 11, 2015.
 1. Ken Ward
 Nice job Michelle. You make a fellow K-Stater proud. Hope you are doing well. I'm on my glide path to retirement, another 14 months if everything goes well.
 2. Geraldo
 Good suggestion. We meet recently Michelle when you visit food plant facility in the Boston area. The turnover does affect food safety culture.
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The American Psychological Association alluded recently to a study by Debi Roberson from Essex University who compared how English children learned colours with Himba tribe children, who come from northern Namibia in South West Africa. What was discovered was that Himba children may use one word for a colour while English children would use words that would divide a single colour word into several different colours.
Language Change Colour
For example, in Himba language, the word "serandu" for a single colour would be described as several different colours notably orange, red or pink. Additionally, the word "zoozu," which represented several dark colours would by English children be divided up into dark red, dark brown, dark blue, black and dark green. Notably, English has 11 words for the most basic colours, which are red, green, orange, yellow, white, black, purple, grey, pink, brown and blue, while Himba only has 5, which cover a broader spectrum of colours under one name.
The Himba's colour classification is ordered into 5 basic colours which are:
 - Serandu is pink, red and orange
 - Zoozu is black and darker shades of green, blue, red and purple
 - Vapa is white with some yellow
 - Borou is greens and blues
 - Dumbu is other greens, brown and red.
The way the Himba language view colours are different from western languages and it actually influences how they see things in the world.
In a BBC documentary called Horizon, the Himba people easily and quickly picked out colours which they had names for but if they were given 2 colours which shared the same name in their language they found it difficult to decide on a name for one they were asked to pick because they had no specific name for it.
The green / blue distinction is of particular significance, as the Himba have different ways of describing these colours so it shows that how we see the world is totally different from the way the Himba view it. Basically, if we as westerners use our version of blue or green to describe say a tranquil bush like setting, the Himba will see it totally differently because of the way they classify and label colour in their language.


Converting a afghan pattern
Tallguy's picture
Sometimes you can't simply
Sometimes you can't simply double all the numbers in a pattern for it doesn't work that way. The border stitches are separate, and you can do any border you like. That is up to you, but choose a "balanced" pattern -- that is, with an equal number of knits and purls so that your edges don't curl.
Your pattern repeat is 16. You can make anything with just the one repeat, but it looks nicer when you have several repeats of a design. You can make 10 repeats, 20, and upwards, or any number you like. It usually looks best to have an odd number (for balancing the design, but not always). Once you have determined your gauge, you will be able to calculate the size of your project.
After you have the repeats, you need to add that one stitch. That one is used to finish off the repeat at the very end. I can tell that with the addition of that one stitch, your total will always be an odd number. 274 won't work out evenly.
So add up the body number of stitches, plus the border stitches (two sides) and you have your total to cast on. It's just that easy! :-)
ronhuber's picture
16 x 16 = 256 + 1 = 257 + 16
16 x 16 = 256 + 1 = 257 + 16 (border stitches) = 273
Joe-in Wyoming's picture
Okay...math isn't my strong
Okay...math isn't my strong point but here goes:
Take the 274 and subtract the seed stitch border of 8 stitches. Then check to see if the 266 sts is divisible by 16 with 1 left over. If so, then you should be okay. If not, you may have to adjust your cast on numbers to have everything balance out. Lots of luck and I hope I steered you in the right direction.
Thanks, guys.
Thanks, guys.


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Conference paper Open Access
Lin, Yu-Yao; Sehgal, Anil
We present an algorithm for fully-automated all-hexahedral mesh generation for 3D models of Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) geometries, based on layered 2D polygonal mask layouts as input. Specifically, we propose a mapping procedure in three stages, based on integrating topology of 2D polygon sets from different layers, which define the architecture of a 3D VLSI geometry model. Three successive steps ensure that all geometric levels share the same topological structure, enabling extruded 3D meshing. In the first stage, the intersections between each pair of polygon sets are collected from top to bottom. The polygon sets which are absent on lower geometric levels are mapped downward. In the second stage, the polygon sets which are absent on upper geometric levels are mapped upward. In the third stage, we integrate the topology of each geometric level and construct a mapping through the levels. Finally, we generate a quadrilateral mesh on the bottom level and extrude the mesh to a hexahedral mesh through the mapping generated by the third stage. In the examples, we present the full hexahedral meshing result of various 3D models representing various sections of typical VLSI geometries. Moreover, we applied a quadrilateral and a hexahedral mesh optimization to ensure the validity of the meshes.


October 17, 2017 Hangry
How to Get Students to Respond to Surveys
In order to create the ultimate student experience, campuses need to know what the student wants. However, standard surveys, suggestion boxes and substantial feedback are hard to come by—especially from students. This prevents campuses from making the necessary improvements to improve overall campus life. Here we'll be listing 3 ways you can go about capturing valuable feedback.
1) Highlight the effectiveness of their participation
If students can directly see the results of survey participation, they might be inclined to partake as well. This can be done by posting results on social media, or with any medium that you know will generate high visibility. Using the Hangry Campus Branded app, you are able to send students push notifications directly to their phone which can include survey results, and how their feedback led to significant changes or improvements.
2) Provide Incentive
Millennials and GEN Z students are all about convenience, and what benefits they can receive. By providing incentive for filling out surveys, you will generate more participation and results. A great way to do this is through the Hangry Loyalty and Rewards feature. Through this feature, you can place points on virtually any action within your app. Therefore, you can reward students' points every time they participate in a survey or review a product/service. These points can then be redeemed in your mobile rewards store for campus prizes and experiences. This double-edged sword allows you to increase student participation in surveys, and promote campus retail, events, etc. through your mobile rewards store.
3) Keep it Simple, and Part of the Student Experience
The best way to ensure a student will never fill out your survey is to make it long and filled with boring questions. If you want to ensure students will fill out a survey, you need to keep it brief and fly under the radar. How do we accomplish this? Well, your first step is to state your goals to the student. An example of this would be a survey titled, 'Want your experience to be better next time? So do we. Let us help'. Letting them know you have their best interest at heart will cover your introduction (colloquial language is encouraged as it will give off a more personably approach). From there, you want to keep the survey very short and not too detailed.
Finally, you want to ensure the survey is blended into the student experience. With Hangry's Campus Branded App, you are able to strategically place surveys right into the daily app usage of each student. The survey could come after a mobile ordering experience, or it could be advertised as a content to earn points or meal plan credit.
Want to know how Hangry analyzes the student dining experience? Click here.
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Marengo, IA
Sponsored Topics
Marengo's longitude and latitude coordinates
in decimal form are 41.797227, -92.069550.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 2.2 square miles (5.6 km²), of which, 2.1 square miles (5.4 km²) of it is land and 0.1 square miles (0.2 km²) of it (2.78%) is water.


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FABBS is pleased to announce the 2022 Early Career Impact Award winners. This award is presented to early career scientists of FABBS member societies during the first 10 years post-PhD and recognizes scientists who have made major contributions to the sciences of mind, brain, and behavior. The goal is to enhance public visibility of these sciences and the particular research through the dissemination efforts of the FABBS in collaboration with the member societies and award winners.
2022 Association for Behavior Analysis International Award Winner
California State University, Stanislaus
Dr. Shrinidhi Subramaniam is an Assistant Professor in Psychology at California State University, Stanislaus and a Board Certified Behavior Analyst. Dr. Subramaniam received her PhD in Psychology from West Virginia University and completed a postdoctoral fellowship in behavioral pharmacology at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. She teaches courses in applied behavior analysis, research methods, ethics, and addiction treatment, and mentors graduate students in their thesis research. Dr. Subramaniam's research applies behavior analytic principles to solve problems like addiction, unemployment, and poverty in her community. Currently, her lab is evaluating the feasibility of a contingency management program to engage residential substance use disorder patients in continuing care. In addition to this work, she has published over 20 manuscripts and chapters across broad research interests. These publications include clinical studies evaluating the effectiveness of behavioral interventions like incentives and education, and basic and translational studies exploring processes underlying human decision making such as choice and temporal learning. Dr. Subramaniam is an Associate Editor for The Psychological Record, is on the editorial board for the Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, and serves as the Board Secretary of the Society for the Quantitative Analysis of Behavior.
"Supporting Patients in Recovery: Researcher Tests the Efficacy of Incentives on Behavior Change"
2022 Cognitive Neuroscience Society Award Winner
Maureen Ritchey, Ph.D., is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Psychology and Neuroscience at Boston College. Dr. Ritchey directs the Memory Modulation Lab, which uses the tools of cognitive neuroscience to investigate the neural bases of episodic memory. She combines cognitive neuroscience methods, including behavioral, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and computational approaches, to investigate the relationship between brain networks and memory processes.
Dr. Ritchey's research offered one of the clearest demonstrations of the role of the hippocampus in the process of recapitulation. Dr. Ritchey's experiments would change the way we think about human memory, as she combined sophisticated analyses of fMRI data and used graph theory to analyze functional connectivity and multivariate analyses to examine information carried in voxel-patterns. She brought these methods to bear on a new hypothesis: that there are two different memory systems, a posterior medial (PM) system that includes the parahippocampal cortex and retrosplenial cortex, and an anterior temporal (AT) system that includes the perirhinal cortex, that support different aspects of human memory. Her results were consistent with this hypothesis and led her to develop the "PMAT" framework for human memory, which has been a highly influential model.
Dr. Ritchey is now testing how these networks are involved in encoding and reconstructing the details of episodic memories, and how factors that modulate memory—such as emotional arousal—affect the function of these different memory systems. She has more recently begun a new line of work to examine whether individual differences in memory can be understood within the PMAT framework: Can differences in the balance of these networks explain why some people are better at remembering certain event content (faces, or context, or emotion)?
Dr. Ritchey's research is consistently published in leading outlets, including eLife, Journal of Neuroscience, and Psychological Science. Her research has been funded by the K99/R00 "Pathway to Independence" Award from NIMH, a NARSAD grant from the Brain and Behavior Research Foundation, and a CAREER award from the National Science Foundation. Dr. Ritchey has also served in leadership roles in the Memory Disorders Research Society and the Context and Episodic Memory Symposium, and as a consulting editor for the Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience.
"Researcher Explores the Interaction of Emotions and Memories in the Human Brain Network"
2022 International Congress of Infant Studies Award Winner
Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
Dr. Victoria Leong is a developmental cognitive neuroscientist who is interested in how parents and infants communicate and learn from each other. She is a pioneer in the use of dyadic-EEG to study parent-infant neural synchrony during social interactions.
Dr. Leong is currently Associate Professor of Psychology at Nanyang Technological University (Singapore), and also Deputy Director of the Cambridge-NTU Centre for Lifelong Individualized Learning (CLIC) which aims to develop neuro-personalised training programs for flexible learning across the lifespan.
Vicky received her undergraduate degree in Medical Science from the University of Cambridge. After working as a special education teacher and in special education policy in Singapore, she returned to Cambridge for a Masters in Psychology & Education and she obtained her PhD in Psychology from Cambridge in 2013. Vicky's PhD thesis was awarded the 2014 Robert J. Glushko Prize by the Cognitive Science Society, in recognition of outstanding cross-disciplinary work (integrating neuroscience, psychology, linguistics and computational modelling). Shortly after completing her PhD, Vicky was awarded a prestigious Junior Research Fellowship for early-career independent research at the University of Cambridge, followed by a Parke Davis Exchange Fellowship at Harvard University in 2015. Vicky has been awarded research grants from the UK Economic & Social Research Council (ESRC), the British Academy, Rosetrees Medical Trust, Welcome Trust, and Ministry of Education (Singapore) to study language learning and social influences on neural development in infants and young children.
"Researcher Studies How Parent-Infant Neural Attunement Supports Healthy Development"
2022 Society for Computation in Psychology Award Winner
Brendan T. Johns
McGill University, Canada
Dr. Brendan Johns is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Psychology at McGill University, serving since January 2020, where he runs the McGill Cognitive Computing Laboratory. He is also an Associate Editor of Behavior Research Methods. Previously, he was an Assistant Professor in the Department of Communicative Disorders and Sciences at the University at Buffalo. Before becoming a faculty member, Dr. Johns was an NSERC post-doctoral fellow in the Department of Psychology at Queen's University in Kingston, Ontario, under the supervision of Dr. Douglas J. K. Mewhort. He received his Ph.D. at IU under the supervision of Dr. Michael N. Jones in the Cognitive Computing Lab in August 2012. He received his Bachelor of Computing (with a major in Cognitive Science) from Queen's University in 2007.
Dr. Johns' research interests lie in big data and machine learning approaches to cognitive science. His research focuses on the development of large-scale computational models of cognition, with a specific emphasis on understanding the computational mechanisms that support the acquisition and representation of semantic information from naturalistic big data, as well as how this knowledge is used in online natural language processing and memory retrieval. The goal of this research is to develop cognitively plausible machine learning models that can further our understanding of human cognition. Additionally, his research involves using these models to gain a better understanding of the effects of lifelong learning on cognitive aging, bilingualism, and memory and language disorders.
2022 Society for the Psychological Study of Social Issues Award Winner
University of Wisconsin–Madison
Dr. Alvin Thomas is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Human Development and Family Studies at the University of Wisconsin, Madison, where he explores positive youth development and father involvement especially among Black families. Dr. Thomas earned his BA from Morehouse College and his PhD in Clinical Psychology from the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. He runs the Thomas Resilient Youth Lab (TRYlab), which engages child and community mental health research to understand the factors that hinder or contribute to positive outcomes in youth, particularly those exposed to greater risks in their day-to-day environments. The lab also explores father-child relationships as an under-examined resource in the lives of families and youth.
As a clinical psychologist, Dr. Thomas focuses on the risk and protective factors for boys situated in conditions that imperil them toward negative outcomes. His work exists at the intersection of positive child and youth development and father involvement. More broadly, he also researches ethnic identity, father-son engagement and relationships, and mental health in men and boys. Dr. Thomas focuses on risks and protections for Black children and youth, especially boys, and explore outcomes including violence, grades, and well-being. Dr. Thomas is interested in influencing fatherhood policy to highlight the efficacy of father involvement for Black and underrepresented families and for fathers across other contexts. Currently, he is exploring gaps in diversity training specifically related to father (non-resident) involvement in service provision to their children, as well as aggressive behavior, social media use, and police interactions for Black youth.
"Researcher Studies Black Fatherhood and Mental Health to Improve Youth Developmental Outcomes"
2022 Society for Research in Psychopathology Award Winner
McGill University, Canada
Dr. Anna Weinberg is an Associate Professor in the Department of Psychology and Canada Research Chair in Clinical Neuroscience at McGill University. She received her Ph.D. in Clinical Psychology at Stony Brook University, New York.
Dr. Weinberg's research focuses on identifying biological pathways that give rise to disordered emotional experience. This involves using multiple methodologies, most often event-related potentials (ERPs) to examine the activity of neural systems devoted to processing errors, emotional stimuli, and rewards, and working to establish reliable links between the function of these


text: This article empirically examines the impact of R&D and climate change on the Western Australian Agricultural sector using standard time series econometrics. Based on historical data for the period of 1977–2005, the empirical results show that both R&D and climate change matter for long-run productivity growth. The long-run elasticity of total factor productivity (TFP) with respect to R&D expenditure is 0.497, while that of climate change is 0.506. There is a unidirectional causality running from R&D expenditure to TFP growth in both the short run and long run. Further, the variance decomposition and impulse response function confirm that a significant portion of output and productivity growth beyond the sample period is explained by R&D expenditure. These results justify the increase in R&D investment in the deteriorating climatic condition in the agricultural sector to improve the long-run prospects of productivity growth.


Tempest Druid
Many of the druids who train under the aegis of the Storm Kindlers focus on different areas of nature than those classically paid homage to by their kind. These so-called tempest druids see the personification of nature in the fury of the storm alone and to some extent eschew the veneration of plant or animal life, and the nature of their powers shifts accordingly. They still understand the place of plants and animals in the natural order, however; they simply view such entities-and indeed, all forms of life-as subservient to the true power found in the storms that lash the world.
Alignment: The beliefs held by tempest druids are inherently more chaotic than those held by most druids, and as a result, tempest druids must be chaotic neutral.
This alters the druid's alignment.
Weapon and Armor Proficiency
A tempest druid is proficient with the trident, in addition to the druid's normal armor and weapon proficiencies.
This alters the druid's armor and weapon proficiencies.
Spontaneous Domain Casting
A tempest druid can channel stored spell energy into domain spells that he has not prepared ahead of time. He can -lose- a prepared spell to cast any domain spell of the same level or lower.
This replaces the druid's normal ability to spontaneously cast summon spells.
Nature Bond (Ex)
As a result of his beliefs, a tempest druid has little connection to the spirituality of animals or plants. He can't choose an animal companion, and must instead select a domain or subdomain from the following list when he gains the nature bond ability: Air, Aquatic, Cloud, Storm, Swamp, Weather, or Wind.
This alters nature bond.
Sodden Shore Sense (Ex)
A tempest druid gains a +4 bonus on Knowledge (nature) and Survival checks in coastal or marshy lands.
This ability replaces nature sense.
Electrical Resistance (Ex)
At 3rd level, a tempest druid gains electricity resistance 5. As a standard action, he can transfer this resistance to another creature for 1 hour, after which time it reverts to him.
This ability replaces trackless step.
Eyes of the Storm (Ex)
At 4th level, a tempest druid can see through 10 feet of magical fog, mist, rain, wind, or similar inclement weather conditions, ignoring any concealment such conditions might grant. This distance increases by 5 feet for every 4 levels beyond 4th.
This ability replaces resist nature's lure.
Bend Bolt (Su)
At 9th level, a tempest druid can redirect nearby electrical attacks. As an immediate action, the druid can shift the area or target of an electricity attack by 5 feet in any direction. If the electricity affects an area, the druid selects one square to be unaffected and an adjacent square to be affected. If the adjacent square is already in the area, this has no additional effect in that square. If the electricity affects a target, the druid selects an adjacent target. For example, if he were in the line of a wizard's lightning bolt, he could have the spell skip his square and instead affect an adjacent square, even if this meant the spell did not form a continuous line. If another druid attacked him with call lightning, he could shift the called bolt to an adjacent square, affecting a creature in that square (if any).
He can't redirect electricity damage conducted to him by physical contact with an object or creature (such as a shocking grasp or a shock weapon). He can use this ability a number of times per day equal to his Wisdom bonus.
This ability replaces venom immunity.
Section 15: Copyright Notice


text:
Irene Silverblatt's research centers on gender, race, and other cultural dimensions of power relations in the Peruvian Andes. Her first book, Moon, Sun, and Witches: Gender Ideologies and Class in Inca and Colonial Peru (Princeton University Press, 1987), looked at how two very different empires—the indigenous Inca and the foreign Spanish—consolidated their respective rules over Andean peoples. Her many articles have explored such historic subjects as what it meant to be Indian in the seventeenth-century Andes and the role family values played in Spain's efforts to "civilize" the native inhabitants of Peru.
Silverblatt will continue her probe into the cultural transformations at the heart of colonial Peru during her year at Radcliffe. The vision of political order shaping seventeenth-century Spanish colonialism combined religious orthodoxy and an emerging nationalist spirit with racialized categories of human beings. Using Inquisition records, Silverblatt will explore the cultural dynamics underlying Spain's tumultuous efforts to create the novel categories—"Indian," "Spanish," "Black"—at the core of its colonial enterprise.
An associate professor of anthropology at Duke University, Silverblatt earned her PhD at the University of Michigan. Her awards include a Rockefeller Foundation resident fellowship, a Guggenheim fellowship, and a grant from the Social Science Research Council.


text:
Colour-Based Binary Discrimination of Scarified Quercus robur Acorns under Varying Illumination
AbstractEfforts to predict the germination ability of acorns using their shape, length, diameter and density are reported in the literature. These methods, however, are not efficient enough. As such, a visual assessment of the viability of seeds based on the appearance of cross-sections of seeds following their scarification is used. This procedure is more robust but demands significant effort from experienced employees over a short period of time. In this article an automated method of acorn scarification and assessment has been announced. This type of automation requires the specific setup of a machine vision system and application of image processing algorithms for evaluation of sections of seeds in order to predict their viability. In the stage of the analysis of pathological changes, it is important to point out image features that enable efficient classification of seeds in respect of viability. The article shows the results of the binary separation of seeds into two fractions (healthy or spoiled) using average components of regular red-green-blue and perception-based hue-saturation-value colour space. Analysis of accuracy of discrimination was performed on sections of 400 scarified acorns acquired using two various setups: machine vision camera under uncontrolled varying illumination and commodity high-resolution camera under controlled illumination. The accuracy of automatic classification has been compared with predictions completed by experienced professionals. It has been shown that both automatic and manual methods reach an accuracy level of 84%, assuming that the images of the sections are properly normalised. The achieved recognition ratio was higher when referenced to predictions provided by professionals. Results of discrimination by means of Bayes classifier have been also presented as a reference. View Full-Text
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Jabłoński, M.; Tylek, P.; Walczyk, J.; Tadeusiewicz, R.; Piłat, A. Colour-Based Binary Discrimination of Scarified Quercus robur Acorns under Varying Illumination. Sensors 2016, 16, 1319.
Jabłoński M, Tylek P, Walczyk J, Tadeusiewicz R, Piłat A. Colour-Based Binary Discrimination of Scarified Quercus robur Acorns under Varying Illumination. Sensors. 2016; 16(8):_URL_ Style
Jabłoński, Mirosław; Tylek, Paweł; Walczyk, Józef; Tadeusiewicz, Ryszard; Piłat, Adam. 2016. "Colour-Based Binary Discrimination of Scarified Quercus robur Acorns under Varying Illumination." Sensors 16, no. 8: 1319.
Note that from the first issue of 2016, MDPI journals use article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.


text:
Study of Hail with C B and Dual Linear Polarization Radar
Liu Liping Xu Baoxiang Wang Zhijun Wang Jun(Lanzhou Institute of Plateau Atomspheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730001 )
This paper presents the calculations of the scattering properties of hydrometeors with different shapes and phases. Based on these properties and ZDR features of rain and clond echos, the dual linear polarization radar RHI data observed during hailstorm processes on August 9 and August 30, 1990 are analysed. We deduced that the area with negative ZDR values corresponded to hail shafts where may appear large oblate hailstones and small conical hailstones, and the area with great positive Z D R values corresponded to raining area. The Z D R greater than 5dB was caused by huge raindrops (D0.5cm). It is possible to detect the presence of hail using ZDR as a criterion. Compared with a S-band radar, the C-band dual linear polarization radar is unique in several aspects : the Z DR values are larger in raining area and smaller and negative in hail shooting area, which are useful for the study of microphysics and spatial structure of storms. The dual linear polarization radar will be impartant to cloud physics and weather modification.


non-adjacent vertices.
Constructors
StarFun (Int -> Int)
Specify the order in which the vertices should be connected by a function that maps each vertex index to the index of the vertex that should come next. Indexing of vertices begins at 0.
StarSkip Int
Specify a star polygon by a "skip". A skip of 1 indicates a normal polygon, where edges go between successive vertices. A skip of 2 means that edges will connect every second vertex, skipping one in between. Generally, a skip of n means that edges will connect every nth vertex.
star :: StarOpts -> [P2] -> Path R2 Source
Create a generalized star polygon. The StarOpts are used to determine in which order the given vertices should be connected. The intention is that the second argument of type [P2] could be generated by a call to polygon, regPoly, or the like, since a list of vertices is TrailLike. But of course the list can be generated any way you like. A Path R2 is returned (instead of any TrailLike) because the resulting path may have more than one component, for example if the vertices are to be connected in several disjoint cycles.
Regular polygons
regPoly :: (TrailLike t, V t ~ R2) => Int -> Double -> t Source
Create a regular polygon. The first argument is the number of sides, and the second is the length of the sides. (Compare to the polygon function with a PolyRegular option, which produces polygons of a given radius).
The polygon will be oriented with one edge parallel to the x-axis.
triangle :: (TrailLike t, V t ~ R2) => Double -> t Source
An equilateral triangle, with sides of the given length and base parallel to the x-axis.
eqTriangle :: (TrailLike t, V t ~ R2) => Double -> t Source
A synonym for triangle, provided for backwards compatibility.
square :: (TrailLike t, Transformable t, V t ~ R2) => Double -> t Source
A square with its center at the origin and sides of the given length, oriented parallel to the axes.
pentagon :: (TrailLike t, V t ~ R2) => Double -> t Source
A regular pentagon, with sides of the given length and base parallel to the x-axis.
hexagon :: (TrailLike t, V t ~ R2) => Double -> t Source
A regular hexagon, with sides of the given length and base parallel to the x-axis.
heptagon :: (TrailLike t, V t ~ R2) => Double -> t Source
A regular heptagon, with sides of the given length and base parallel to the x-axis.
septagon :: (TrailLike t, V t ~ R2) => Double -> t Source
A synonym for heptagon. It is, however, completely inferior, being a base admixture of the Latin septum (seven) and the Greek γωνία (angle).
octagon :: (TrailLike t, V t ~ R2) => Double -> t Source
A regular octagon, with sides of the given length and base parallel to the x-axis.
nonagon :: (TrailLike t, V t ~ R2) => Double -> t Source
A regular nonagon, with sides of the given length and base parallel to the x-axis.
decagon :: (TrailLike t, V t ~ R2) => Double -> t Source
A regular decagon, with sides of the given length and base parallel to the x-axis.
hendecagon :: (TrailLike t, V t ~ R2) => Double -> t Source
A regular hendecagon, with sides of the given length and base parallel to the x-axis.
dodecagon :: (TrailLike t, V t ~ R2) => Double -> t Source
A regular dodecagon, with sides of the given length and base parallel to the x-axis.
Other special polygons
unitSquare :: (TrailLike t, V t ~ R2) => t Source
A square with its center at the origin and sides of length 1, oriented parallel to the axes.
rect :: (TrailLike t, Transformable t, V t ~ R2) => Double -> Double -> t Source
rect w h is an axis-aligned rectangle of width w and height h, centered at the origin.
Other shapes
roundedRect :: (TrailLike t, V t ~ R2) => Double -> Double -> Double -> t Source
roundedRect w h r generates a closed trail, or closed path centered at the origin, of an axis-aligned rectangle with width w, height h, and circular rounded corners of radius r. If r is negative the corner will be cut out in a reverse arc. If the size of r is larger than half the smaller dimension of w and h, then it will be reduced to fit in that range, to prevent the corners from overlapping. The trail or path begins with the right edge and proceeds counterclockwise. If you need to specify a different radius for each corner individually, use roundedRect' instead.
roundedRectEx = pad 1.1 . centerXY $ hcat' (with & sep .~ 0.2)
 [ roundedRect 0.5 0.4 0.1
 , roundedRect 0.5 0.4 (-0.1)
 , roundedRect' 0.7 0.4 (with & radiusTL .~ 0.2
 & radiusTR .~ -0.2
 & radiusBR .~ 0.1)
 ]
roundedRect' :: (TrailLike t, V t ~ R2) => Double -> Double -> RoundedRectOpts -> t Source
roundedRect' works like roundedRect but allows you to set the radius of each corner indivually, using RoundedRectOpts. The default corner radius is 0. Each radius can also be negative, which results in the curves being reversed to be inward instead of outward.
Arrows
arrowV :: Renderable (Path R2) b => R2 -> Diagram b R2 Source
arrowV v creates an arrow with the direction and magnitude of the vector v (with its tail at the origin), using default parameters.
arrowV' :: Renderable (Path R2) b => ArrowOpts -> R2 -> Diagram b R2 Source
arrowV' v creates an arrow with the direction and magnitude of the vector v (with its tail at the origin).
arrowAt :: Renderable (Path R2) b => P2 -> R2 -> Diagram b R2 Source
Create an arrow starting at s with length and direction determined by the vector v.
arrowBetween :: Renderable (Path R2) b => P2 -> P2 -> Diagram b R2 Source
arrowBetween s e creates an arrow pointing from s to e with default parameters.
arrowBetween' :: Renderable (Path R2) b => ArrowOpts -> P2 -> P2 -> Diagram b R2 Source
arrowBetween' opts s e creates an arrow pointing from s to e using the given options. In particular, it scales and rotates arrowShaft to go between s and e, taking head, tail, and gaps into account.
connect :: (Renderable (Path R2) b, IsName n1, IsName n2) => n1 -> n2 -> Diagram b R2 -> Diagram b R2 Source
Connect two diagrams with a straight arrow.
connect' :: (Renderable (Path R2) b, IsName n1, IsName n2) => ArrowOpts -> n1 -> n2 -> Diagram b R2 -> Diagram b R2 Source
Connect two diagrams with an arbitrary arrow.
connectPerim :: (Renderable (Path R2) b, IsName n1, IsName n2) => n1 -> n2 -> Angle -> Angle -> Diagram b R2 -> Diagram b R2 Source
Connect two diagrams at point on the perimeter of the diagrams, choosen by angle.
connectPerim' :: (Renderable (Path R2) b, IsName n1, IsName n2) => ArrowOpts -> n1 -> n2 -> Angle -> Angle -> Diagram b R2 -> Diagram b R2 Source
connectOutside :: (Renderable (Path R2) b, IsName n1, IsName n2) => n1 -> n2 -> Diagram b R2 -> Diagram b R2 Source
Draw an arrow from diagram named "n1" to diagram named "n2". The arrow lies on the line between the centres of the diagrams, but is drawn so that it stops at the boundaries of the diagrams, using traces to find the intersection points.
connectOutside' :: (Renderable (Path R2) b, IsName n1, IsName n2) => ArrowOpts -> n1 -> n2 -> Diagram b R2 -> Diagram b R


text:
- Infrastructure design
- Design of structures
- Geotechnical design
The project embraced the installation of a comprehensive rain water management system commissioned by the State Government of the Nigerian federal state of Akwa Ibom.
To this end, a drainage master plan was established for the state capital, Uyo.
In this context, main collecting pipes totalling 3.55 km length and diameter 2,000 mm were designed for construction using the pipe-jacking method.
At a depth of more than 20 m and with shafts up to 12 m width, made of secant concrete pile walls, an environmentally friendly, long-term solution emerged amidst a challenging topographical location.


text:
7 Things to know about CSC Access to Information Act requests
- Kate Mitchell
- No comments
Inmates seeking to get records from the Correctional Service of Canada (CSC) can make requests under the Access to Information Act. Below are a few points relevant to federal inmates making requests under the act:
- Any information the government controls can be requested. Requests do not need to be limited to paper documents; information in any medium or form can be requested. This includes videotapes, audio recordings, emails, pictures, etc.
- An application must be submitted to CSC's Access to information and Privacy Division. A letter can be sent describing the requested records or an Access to Information Request Form can be filled out and submitted.
- There is a $5 application fee. This is an initial fee that covers 5 hours of searching and 125 pages of copying. Additional fees may be charged if the request requires more time ($10 per hour) or printing ($0.20 per page).
- Applications take time to process. CSC has 30 days to respond, but the act allows for extensions if the request cannot reasonably be completed within the 30 day time limit. CSC may grant itself several extensions and ultimately take several months to respond to the request.
- CSC has the authority to refuse to disclose records for a variety of reasons. For example, it may not release any records that contain personal information or that, if disclosed, "could reasonably be expected to be injurious to the security of penal institutions". The various exemptions are set out in sections 13-29.
- A complaint can be filed about CSC's response to an Access to Information request. If an individual is dissatisfied with the response, then a complaint can be filed with the Information Commissioner of Canada within 60 days of the response.
- Personal information can be requested through the Privacy Act. This act gives individuals the right to access their own personal information. Request under the Privacy Act are free to make, and individuals can also make requests to correct their personal information.


results to the database
Showing Result Report
After the user has finished the test, it's time to show the report.
The user will pass or fail the test, depending on whether the user has scored more or less points than the minimum required by the test (that is, the MinimumOfCorrectAnswers property of the Exam Definition entity).
As we can see in Figure 19 below, user John Doe failed the test because he scored only 4 points, while the minimum required was 10:
Failing the Test
Figure 19: Failing the test
Then poor John Doe studied a bit more and passed the test in another occasion, scoring 13 points:
Passing the Test
Figure 20: Passing the test
Entity Data Model
The entity data model (the edmx file) shown below matches exactly our database model. Below is a little explanation on each entity:
Entity Description
User Represents the user/student that is applying for the test.
ExamDef Represents the exam definition, containing name, definition, minimum of correct answers, and duration.
QuestionDef Represents the exam questions (along with the YouTube video IDs).
Alternative Represents the question alternatives.
ExamTake Represents the data for each user/student exam appliance.
Answer Represents the answers the user/student has chosen for the alternatives for each question.
Entity Data Model
Figure 21: The Entity Data Model
Wish List and Known Issues
There are still some issues with the application, and some desirable improvements which I hope I'll be correcting soon:
 - It would be great to have an exam definition editor. I'm planning to make one with WPF and publish it in a new article.
 - In the database model, the user is not linked to the exam definition in any way. It would be nice to have a schedule so that you could assign different exams to different users, control exam availability, validity periods, etc.
 - Sometimes the application doesn't properly stop the YouTube audio from playing while switching from one question to another.
 - I had some issues while passing the ExamDef entity from the Silvelight SaveExamTake method, and that's why I used transfer objects to pass data. Although it's not a critical problem, it would be nice and cleaner if I used only Entity Framework entities in those communications.
Final Considerations
I hope you have enjoyed this little application as much as the article. Feedbacks, please! Please tell me what you think of it, and please feel free to write about your complaints, suggestions, and advices.
History
 - 2010-05-18: First version.
 - 2010-05-28: Login View explained.
 - 2010-06-03: Exam View explained.
 - 2010-06-05: YouTube video added.
License
This article, along with any associated source code and files, is licensed under The Code Project Open License (CPOL)
About the Author
Marcelo Ricardo de Oliveira
Software Developer
Brazil Brazil
Marcelo Ricardo de Oliveira is a senior software developer who lives with his lovely wife Luciana and his little buddy and stepson Kauê in Guarulhos, Brazil, is co-founder of the Brazilian TV Guide TV Map and currently works for ILang Educação.

He is often working with serious, enterprise projects, although in spare time he's trying to write fun Code Project articles involving WPF, Silverlight, XNA, HTML5 canvas, Windows Phone app development, game development and music.

Published Windows Phone apps:

Awards:

CodeProject MVP 2012
CodeProject MVP 2011

Best Web Dev article of March 2013
Best Web Dev article of August 2012
Best Web Dev article of May 2012
Best Mobile article of January 2012
Best Mobile article of December 2011
Best Mobile article of October 2011
Best Web Dev article of September 2011
Best Web Dev article of August 2011
HTML5 / CSS3 Competition - Second Prize
Best ASP.NET article of June 2011
Best ASP.NET article of May 2011
Best ASP.NET article of April 2011
Best C# article of November 2010
Best overall article of November 2010
Best C# article of October 2010
Best C# article of September 2010
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Best C# article of November 2009
Comments and Discussions

QuestionYou Grade application not workingmemberFahd Sham9-Jun-12 21:44
GeneralMy vote of 5memberRaisKazi8-Jan-12 23:02
GeneralRe: My vote of 5mvpMarcelo Ricardo de Oliveira1-Mar-12 15:55
QuestionNicememberphil.o28-Oct-11 9:23
AnswerRe: NicemvpMarcelo Ricardo de Oliveira1-Mar-12 15:54
GeneralMy vote of 5membertoantvo31-Aug-11 16:50
GeneralRe: My vote of 5mvpMarcelo Ricardo de Oliveira2-Sep-11 3:47
Generalwowmemberhemachan2-May-11 20:27
Smile | :) wow super.............

i m expecting more from u...............
GeneralRe: wowmvpMarcelo Ricardo de Oliveira4-May-11 12:44
GeneralMy vote of 5memberYusuf8-Feb-11 10:20
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text:
Jeg Gikk Meg Over Sjo og Land: A Journey for the Future into the Past
Using Scandinavian immigrant culture as a backdrop, this project presents an integrated multiple intelligences approach to teaching Kindergarten and elementary school students about their music, history, and cultural inheritance. The paper describes eight themes that formed the framework of the eight-week music curriculum used in the project. Examples of the childrens artwork and creative writing are included in the work. The author concludes that raising childrens awareness of a single specific culture through their music, dance, art, and food preferences stimulates the childrens curiosity about their own heritage resulting in increased communication with their family members and greater self-knowledge. The project also created a more positive and productive teaching/learning relationship between the instructor and the various class members and gave the students an opportunity to share their discoveries with the rest of the schools population.
Advisor:Dr. James Kriley; Dorothy Morrison; Karen A. Kaufmann
School:The University of Montana
School Location:USA - Montana
Source Type:Master's Thesis
Date of Publication:09/19/2007