How To Set The Time On A Smart Bracelet
Mobile Accessories
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Are you struggling to set the time on your smart bracelet? Look no further! In this article, we will guide you through the step-by-step process of setting the time on your smart bracelet, ensuring that you never miss a beat. Whether you have a fitness tracker or a smartwatch, the time-setting process is generally similar across devices.
By mastering how to set the time on your smart bracelet, you can stay punctual and keep track of your activities with ease. With our comprehensive instructions, you'll be able to sync your smart bracelet to the correct time and ensure that it accurately reflects your schedule and preferences. So, let's dive in and get your smart bracelet perfectly in sync with your life!
Inside This Article
 1. Overview
 2. Method 1: Using the Mobile App
 3. Method 2: Using the Smart Bracelet Buttons
 4. Method 3: Synchronizing the Time with a Smartphone
 5. Conclusion
 6. FAQs
Overview
Setting the time on a smart bracelet is a crucial step to ensure the accurate tracking of your activities and help you stay on schedule. These wearable devices not only monitor your fitness and health but also display the current time and date.
Syncing your smart bracelet with your smartphone is the first step in setting the time. This allows the bracelet to connect to your device, enabling it to receive updates and automatically adjust its time based on your smartphone's settings.
Accessing the settings menu of your smart bracelet is the next step. This is usually done through the companion app on your smartphone or by using the touch screen interface on the bracelet itself. The settings menu is where you'll find the option to adjust the time and date.
Once you're in the settings menu, look for the "Time" or "Date and Time" option. Tap on it, and you'll be able to make the necessary adjustments. Some smart bracelets offer the option to set the time manually, while others automatically sync with your smartphone.
Manually setting the time involves using the touch screen or physical buttons on the device to scroll through the hours, minutes, and seconds. Simply adjust the time to match the current time and proceed to the next step.
If your smart bracelet supports automatic time syncing, you may need to toggle on the option within the settings menu. This will ensure that the bracelet stays constantly connected to your smartphone and receives the accurate time updates.
After making the necessary adjustments, confirm the changes to save them. The smart bracelet will update the time and date display to reflect your updates. Remember to double-check the accuracy to ensure that the time is set correctly.
By following these steps, you'll be able to set the time on your smart bracelet and enjoy accurate time tracking along with the other features and benefits offered by these wearable devices.
Method 1: Using the Mobile App
One of the easiest and most convenient ways to set the time on your smart bracelet is by using the dedicated mobile app. Most smart bracelets come with a companion app that you can install on your smartphone to sync and control various features.
To start, make sure your smart bracelet is paired with your smartphone via Bluetooth. Open the mobile app and navigate to the settings section. Look for the option to set the time and tap on it.
Once you're in the time settings menu, you'll usually be presented with multiple options like 12-hour or 24-hour format and the ability to manually set the time or sync it with your smartphone's time. Choose the option that suits your preference.
If you want to synchronize the time with your smartphone, simply tap on the "Sync Time" button. The app will communicate with your smart bracelet and update the time based on your smartphone's clock.
If you prefer to manually set the time, you can do so by selecting the "Manual Setting" option. You'll then be able to input the specific time and date using the app's interface. Adjust the hour, minute, and second accordingly, and select the appropriate AM or PM indicator for 12-hour format.
Once you are satisfied with the adjustments, tap on the "Save" or "Confirm" button to apply the changes. The smart bracelet will receive the new time settings and display them on its screen.
It's worth noting that the steps and options may vary slightly depending on the brand and model of your smart bracelet, as well as the companion app you are using. However, the general process should be similar across different devices.
By using the mobile app to set the time on your smart bracelet, you can ensure accuracy and convenience. Plus, it allows you to make other customized settings and adjustments as well.
Method 2: Using the Smart Bracelet Buttons
If the smart bracelet you are using doesn't have the option to sync with your smartphone, don't worry! You can still set the time directly on the bracelet using its buttons. Here's how:
1. Check your smart bracelet's user manual to locate the specific buttons used for navigating and adjusting settings. Typically, these buttons are located on the sides of the bracelet or on the front face.
2. Press the button or combination of buttons that will allow you to access the settings menu on your smart bracelet. Depending on the model, this could be a long press, a double press, or a combination of specific buttons.
3. Once you are in the settings menu, navigate through the options using the designated buttons. Look for an option related to "Date and Time" or "Clock Settings."
4. Select the "Date and Time" or "Clock Settings" option using the appropriate button and press it to enter. Here you will find options to adjust the time, date, and other related settings.
5. Use the navigation buttons to scroll through the available options. Look for the "Time" or "Clock" option and select it.
6. Now, you can adjust the time on your smart bracelet using the buttons. Some bracelets might have separate buttons for increasing and decreasing the time, while others might use a combined button to adjust the time forward or backward.
7. Once you have set the desired time, press the confirmation button or follow the on-screen instructions to save the changes.
8. After confirming the time, exit the settings menu and take a quick glance at your smart bracelet's display to ensure that the time is correctly set.
By following these steps, you can easily set the time on your smart bracelet using the buttons on the device itself, even if it doesn't have the option to sync with your smartphone.
Method 3: Synchronizing the Time with a Smartphone
If you want to ensure that the time on your smart bracelet is always accurate, you can synchronize it with your smartphone. This method is convenient and ensures that both devices display the same time. Here's how you can do it:
1. Start by downloading and installing the companion app for your smart bracelet on your smartphone. The app is usually available on both iOS and Android platforms, and you can find it in the respective app stores.
2. Open the app and create an account if necessary, or log in with your existing account credentials. Make sure to grant the necessary permissions for the app to access and sync data with your smart bracelet.
3. Once you're logged in, navigate to the settings menu within the app. Look for an option that allows you to sync the time or adjust the time settings. The exact wording may vary depending on the brand and model of your smart bracelet.
4. Tap on the sync time option, and the app will initiate the synchronization process. It will send the current time from your smartphone to your smart bracelet, ensuring they are perfectly aligned.
5. After a few moments, the synchronization process will be completed, and the time on your smart bracelet should match the time displayed on your smartphone. If not, try restarting both devices and repeating the synchronization process.
By synchronizing the time on your smart bracelet with your smartphone, you can rest assured knowing that you will always have the accurate time on your wrist. This method eliminates the need for manual adjustments and ensures that you're never late or ahead of schedule.
Setting the time on a smart bracelet may seem like a simple task, but it can often be confusing, especially for first-time users. In this article, we have explored the step-by-step process of setting the time on a smart bracelet, ensuring that you can keep track of time accurately and effortlessly.
By following the instructions provided, you can customize the time display on your smart bracelet to match your preferred time zone and format. Whether you are adjusting for daylight saving time or simply need to sync your smart bracelet with your smartphone, these guidelines will help you navigate the settings with ease.
Remember, always refer to the user manual that came with your specific smart bracelet model for precise instructions and troubleshooting tips. With this newfound knowledge, you can confidently set and manage the time on your smart bracelet and enjoy its full range of features.
FAQs
1. What is a smart bracelet?
A smart bracelet is a wearable device that combines the functionality of a fitness tracker and a smartwatch. It typically tracks your daily activities, monitors your heart rate, counts steps, and displays notifications.
2. How do I connect my smart bracelet to my phone?
To connect your smart bracelet to your phone, you'll need to install the companion app on your smartphone. Once installed, open the app, and follow the instructions to pair the device via Bluetooth. Make sure that your phone's Bluetooth is turned on.


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Two case studies in nineteenth century environmental history focus upon health as an issue central to understanding social organization. They explore the relationship between urban, industrial expansion, deteriorating environmental conditions and health. One study deals with assumption of responsibility for public health by the municipality of Pittsburgh. It focuses upon the relationship between public health and deteriorating urban environment in a burgeoning industrial city. The other is concerned with the response of coal miners to health and safety issues related to industrial expansion and technological developments in that industry.
New York, Bern, Frankfurt/M., Paris, 1989. XXI, 308 pp.
Contents: Social Response to disease in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania: Municipal organization for public health in the 19th century:
Health and Environment-Coal Mining. The relationship between health and environment has only recently been focused upon by
historians. This book explores that relationships in both the urban and industrial environments.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


Two-Phase Commit
What Does Two-Phase Commit Mean?
A two-phase commit is a standardized protocol that ensures that a database commit is implementing in the situation where a commit operation must be broken into two separate parts.
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In database management, saving data changes is known as a commit and undoing changes is known as a rollback. Both can be achieved easily using transaction logging when a single server is involved, but when the data is spread across geographically-diverse servers in distributed computing (i.e., each server being an independent entity with separate log records), the process can become more tricky.
Techopedia Explains Two-Phase Commit
A special object, known as a coordinator, is required in a distributed transaction. As its name implies, the coordinator arranges activities and synchronization between distributed servers. The two-phase commit is implemented as follows:
Phase 1 – Each server that needs to commit data writes its data records to the log. If a server is unsuccessful, it responds with a failure message. If successful, the server replies with an OK message.
Phase 2 – This phase begins after all participants respond OK. Then, the coordinator sends a signal to each server with commit instructions. After committing, each writes the commit as part of its log record for reference and sends the coordinator a message that its commit has been successfully implemented. If a server fails, the coordinator sends instructions to all servers to roll back the transaction. After the servers roll back, each sends feedback that this has been completed.
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Related Terms
Margaret Rouse
Technology Expert
Margaret is an award-winning technical writer and teacher known for her ability to explain complex technical subjects to a non-technical business audience. Over the past twenty years, her IT definitions have been published by Que in an encyclopedia of technology terms and cited in articles by the New York Times, Time Magazine, USA Today, ZDNet, PC Magazine, and Discovery Magazine. She joined Techopedia in 2011. Margaret's idea of a fun day is helping IT and business professionals learn to speak each other's highly specialized languages.


Skip to definition.
Noun: sousing saw-sing
 1. The act of making something completely wet
 - drenching, soaking, souse
Verb: souse saws
 1. Cover with liquid; pour liquid onto
 "souse water on his hot face";
 - drench, douse, dowse, soak, sop
 2. Immerse briefly into a liquid so as to wet, coat, or saturate
 "souse the garment into the cleaning solution";
 - dunk, dip, plunge, douse
 3. Become drunk or drink excessively
 - soak, inebriate, hit it up
 4. (cooking) cook in a marinade
 "souse herring"
Derived forms: sousings
Type of: booze, cook, drink, fuddle, immerse, plunge, wet, wetting
Encyclopedia: Sousing


Corners theorem
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
In mathematics, the corners theorem is an important result, proved by Miklós Ajtai and Endre Szemerédi, of a statement in arithmetic combinatorics. It states that for every ε > 0 there exists N such that given at least εN2 points in the N × N grid {1, ..., N} × {1, ..., N}, there exists a corner, i.e., three points in the form (xy), (x + hy), and (xy + h). Later, Solymosi (2003) gave a simpler proof, based on the triangle removal lemma. The corners theorem implies Roth's theorem.
References[edit]
 - Ajtai, Miklós; Szemerédi, Endre (1974). "Sets of lattice points that form no squares". Stud. Sci. Math. Hungar. 9: 9–11. MR _PHONE_.
 - Solymosi, József (2003). "Note on a generalization of Roth's theorem". In Aronov, Boris; Basu, Saugata; Pach, János; et al. Discrete and computational geometry. Algorithms and Combinatorics 25. Berlin: Springer-Verlag. pp. 825–827. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-55566-4_39. ISBN 3-540-00371-1. MR _PHONE_.
External links[edit]


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ALEXANDRIA, Va., Jan. 4, 2012 /PRNewswire/ -- Today, the Global Probiotics Council (GPC), a committee formed by Danone and YAKULT HONSHA CO., LTD., announced the launch of the fifth annual Young Investigator Grant for Probiotics Research (YIGPRO). This grant provides two awards, each in the amount of $50,000, to promising young researchers. This year, the grant will continue to focus on the role of probiotics and gastrointestinal microbiota in health and wellness. Applications will be accepted until February 15, 2012.
Danone and YAKULT HONSHA CO., LTD. are the leading global companies on the forefront of raising awareness about the health benefits of probiotics through science-based education.
"We designed this grant program five years ago to attract young researchers to this field of study, and foster scientific research in the United States," said Mr. Yoshihiro Kawabata, Director Deputy President, YAKULT HONSHA CO., LTD. "Based on the results of the past four cycles, we are confident that these grants will lead to scientific advancements that continue to add to the body of literature, and help uncover critical mechanisms by which probiotics promote health."
The cutting-edge field of probiotics and microbiota research is gaining momentum worldwide. The microbes in our bodies outnumber our human cells by 10 to 1, and scientists are continuing to discover how the composition of the microbiota can influence our health in a variety of ways. New research is uncovering the potential functions of probiotic microorganisms, extending far beyond what was originally conceptualized.
"This scientific field has experienced a true revolution in the past few years and we are committed to push it forward," said Jean-Philippe Pare, Executive Vice President Danone R&D.
|SOURCE Danone; YAKULT HONSHA CO., LTD.|
Copyright©2010 PR Newswire.
All rights reserved


text:
Research activities of the United States Bureau of Mines related to using diesel equipment in underground coal mines were discussed. Interacting parameters that influence the use of diesel engines underground were summarized. These include Mining Enforcement and Safety Administration regulations that specify the mine ventilation requirements needed to obtain an acceptable air quality based on actual emissions from a specific diesel engine, pollutant concentrations from the engine and its control system when new and after use, and methods for controlling emissions. The Bureau of Mines' research program emphasized five functional areas that investigate the interactive parameters: emissions control, emissions characterization, field studies, instrumentation and monitoring, and noise. Emission control research emphasized evaluating existing and prototype control systems such as catalytic converters, scrubbers, alternative fuels, new engines, and external combustion engines. Emissions characterization research has emphasized developing reliable analytical procedures for sulfur oxides and polynuclear aromatics, laboratory evaluations of candidate diesel engines, and field studies. Field study research was directed toward developing effective sampling techniques for exhaust emissions, evaluating prototype air sampling instruments, and studying the effects of dispersion and dilution on pollutant concentrations. Instrumentation and monitoring research has focused on developing hand held instruments for determining air quality, personal dosimeters, instruments for use on vehicles, and area air quality monitoring instruments. Noise research has emphasized identifying noise sources and developing methods to control these sources. A transcript of a question and answer session was included.
Proceedings of a Workshop on the Use of Diesel Equipment in Underground Coal Mines, Morgantown, West Virginia, September 19-23, 1977; Morgantown, West Virginia, NIOSH


text:
Features of noise protection screens optimization on the example of the section of the toll road Moscow – St. PetersburgI.E. Zukernikov1, Doctor of technical Science. those. Sciences, head of the laboratory;
L.A. Tikhomirov1, engineer, researcher;
E.V. Lubakova1, engineer, junior researcher;
N.E. Shchurova1, engineer, leading researcher;
T.O. Nevenchannaya2, Doctor of technical Science, prof.
1 Research Institute of construction physics of RAASN
(127238, Moscow, Locomotivny Drive, 21)
2 FGBOU VPO Moscow Polytechnic University
(127550, Moscow, Pryanishnikova, 2A)
Abstract. The article considers the possibility of optimizing the volume of noise screens. During this work, calculations and computer modeling of long stretches of the road with a complex relief were performed to evaluate the impact of various options for placing noise screens on adjacent residential buildings. Relevant sites that require a thorough review of the placement of noise barriers and measures to protect against noise transport. For a visual demonstration of the optimization noise maps were built for the residential area before and afteroptimization. The estimation of an economic effect from optimization is given.
Key words: traffic noise, noise map, computer modeling.


text:
Apple says that the random shutdown issue plaguing some iPhone 6s models may be more widespread than first believed.
The company originally said it affected a small number of devices manufactured between September and October 2015. Apple is now saying that the issue is more wide spread than originally expected and that an iOS update is on the way.
In a support document that isn't published in English yet, Apple says that it needs more diagnostic data to figure out the cause of the issue. It says that a software fix may be a possibility for devices that were outside of the original batch.
Outside the affected batch, a small number of customers reported an unexpected shutdown. Some of these shutdowns may be normal, because the iPhone will shut down to protect its electronic components. To gather more information, we will add an additional diagnostic feature to the iOS software update that is released next week. This feature collects a variety of information in the coming weeks that may help us improve algorithms for managing battery performance and shutdown operations. If such improvements can be achieved, we will deliver them through further software updates.
Late last month Apple launched a free repair program for devices with certain serial numbers, but it now appears that devices outside of the initial batch are being affected.


Abbas Mehrabi
Learn More
—Fluctuations in electricity tariffs induced by the sporadic nature of demand loads on power grids has initiated immense efforts to find optimal scheduling solutions for charging and discharging plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) subject to different objective sets. In this paper, we consider vehicle-to-grid (V2G) scheduling at a geographically large scale in(More)
Given an undirected, unweighted graph G = (V , E) the minimum vertex cover (MVC) problem is a subset of V whose cardinality is minimum subject to the premise that the selected vertices cover all edges in the graph. In this paper, we propose a meta-heuristic based on Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) approach to find approximate solutions to the minimum vertex(More)
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text:
Soil Respiratory Activity and Organic Matter Depletion in an Arid Nevada Soil1
- S. D. Lyda and
- G. D. Robinson2
Incorporation of mature crop residues of alfalfa (Medicago sativa), oat (Avena sativa), and sudan (Sorghum vulgare) into a fine sandy loam soil in southern Nevada stimulated the soil respiratory activity. A close correlation was observed between respiration rate and organic matter content; both decreased steadily over a 6-month test period.
Four mature crop residues (alfalfa, cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), oat, and sudan) were added to the same soil type in laboratory tests at 1, 2, 3, and 4% (weight/weight). Respiratory activity of these soils was followed for 10 weeks at 2-week intervals. A maximum activity was noted at the first 2-week period for the 2, 3, and 4% additions of all four residues.
The respiration rate was proportional to the residue concentration but the increments were not additive. A linear relationship was noted when the reciprocal of the rate was plotted against the reciprocal of the residue concentration, similar to that of a first-order reaction during the period of maximum activity. It was suggested that a given soil could become saturated with organic matter and reach a maximum respiratory activity; other factors would become rate limiting.Please view the pdf by using the Full Text (PDF) link under 'View' to the left.
Copyright ©.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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You need to cover a lot of Medical Council of Canada (MCC) objectives when preparing for the Medical Council of Canada Qualifying Examination (MCCQE) Part 1. Fear of remembering the key point is common during preparation for the MCCQE1 exam, which is a valid concern. Concise and well-organized summary notes will aid you in retaining the information you need to make a proper decision during the MCCQE1 exam and will address recall concerns.
Making notes is critical, especially when preparing for the MCCQE1 exam because good summary notes make the objective easier to recall and significantly improve performance simply by assisting you in recalling those key points, similarities, best initial test, and most accurate diagnosis, as well as best initial therapy and management during the exam.
Making summary notes involves actively engaging with the text's ideas and transforming the original material idea into one's own words through reflecting on key points or underlining key points. To summarize, you should be an active reader, and while reading, you should scan for key points with significant value, such as similarities between medical conditions, different and unique features of medical conditions. Next, take a moment to summarize what you've learned.
Note-making can be done in many ways, and different note-making methods exist, but Outlining, Mind-mapping, and Cornell methods are the most prominent and widely used methods. Some people prefer Cornell methods because Cornell is more appealing to them and is what works well for them, and some prefer a combination of methods, and they tend to combine Mind Mapping with Outlining. If you have successfully used one or more methods in the past, It is best to stick to the methods that have worked for you so far.
The purpose of this article is to discuss the advantages, disadvantages, and importance of making notes and why you should make your own summary note while studying for the MCCQE1 exam.
Why are summary notes important in MCCQE1?
To be effective, study must be active. When you note down a summary during your study, you actively engage your mind, which will help you understand and retain information better, which is essential during the preparation for the MCCQE1 exam.
A key part of creating summary notes is to understand the concepts well so that you can summarize them effectively. Making an effective summary note without a firm grasp of the concepts is not impossible but definitely less useful.
The concepts you're learning are similar to the clothes in your closet: We have a tendency to keep clothing that we wear every day. The stuff that gets tossed or lost is the stuff that is piled in the back of the closet. Likewise, merely reviewing the same information over and over is useless. The key to retention is to do something with the content you wish to master. Making your own summary notes, as well as sketching figures or graphs, are common active learning techniques.
You have to do something with the content as you learn, such as generating your own summary notes to engages the hippocampus and amygdala. The hippocampus is a brain map that organizes information, allowing for broad comprehension as well as active memory. Amygdalas attach an emotional tag to events and knowledge, making them stand out among the sensory stream of daily experiences. When you interact with the information, your brain receives a signal that the content is significant and engages the mental processes that allow for long-term recall.
I've previously gone through the format of the MCCQE1 exam in-depth, but in a nutshell, the MCCQE1 exam consists of 210 multiple-choice questions (MCQ). The questions are not separated into sections and are meant to be answered one after the other. You will have around 3.5 – 4 hours in the morning to finish the exam. When you have to answer 210 questions in a row, having a strong memory comes in handy. Revising the summary note will provide you with a strong recall and an advantage over your competition.
How should I make a summary note?
To begin, you should first know the difference between taking notes and making notes. Note-taking and note-making are not the same. Note-taking is the act of jotting down notes from a lecture, conference, or meeting in order to relieve your mind of the burden of remembering everything and having a general idea of what was discussed, While Note Making is all about making personalized summary notes to describe what you have understood clearly from a textbook using your own words.
The ability to summarise is extremely valuable, especially in the medical sector, yet taking notes is not simple. However, in order to create a summary note, you must first comprehend the disease. Certain dermatological manifestations might be the result of gastrointestinal disease. Let's go with erythema nodosum, which causes painful, red lumps on the shins. However, dermatological manifestations such as erythema nodosum are more common in Crohn's disease patients but can also occur in ulcerative colitis patients.
In your summary points, you should include the key points in the history and physical examination findings that led to a proper diagnosis, as well as the difference between two similar inflammatory bowel diseases (Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis). The summary note should also include the appropriate management, therapy, medication side effects, and other clinical manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease. Time and patience are needed to collect all of this detailed information and write it down in your own words.
ACE Question Bank was created with you in mind. The correct, as well as incorrect answers, are explained for each question. In addition to explanations, Ace Qbank provides explanations as well as tables, algorithms, and summary notes to help you put together your own summary notes.
The essential point to remember is that an effective summary note is brief (one side of A4 MAX) but contains all of the necessary information without error, requiring you to return and double-check. Your notes might be tidy or sloppy in the form of organized lists or vast webs. As long as you can use them, it doesn't matter. Here are a few suggestions for creating a good summary note:
- Should be short, selective, and contain all essential points
- Should be well-spaced for add more details later if necessary
- Should be the essence of your deep understanding of the concept
- Should be summarized using your own words
- Should be easy to memorize use color, highlighting, and underlining
You'll know how good your notes are when you try to use them, so make sure your summary notes are error-free. They are clear, and you understand them, so there will be no surprise when you come to revise.
The characteristics of useless summary notes are as following:
- Close resemblance to the original source
- unsummarize (long summary note, two pages of A4)
- failure of writing it in your own words
Possibly you are wondering at this point whether the effort is worthwhile. Let me give you the answer……. Yes, absolutely. In medical practice, people use summary methods to claim success.
Benefits of making note
In terms of benefits, making notes can help you prepare for the MCCQE1 exam since they are a permanent record of concise and organized medical knowledge that you can access as you prepare for the exam. The following are some benefits of creating your own summary notes:
- helps you to understand, make connections, and remember
- Makes revision for the MCCQE1 exam much easier
- Helps you to focus on what is important, such as the best initial test, most accurate diagnosis, best initial therapy, and management.
- Helps you to identify the key points, similarities, major and minor differences between clinical presentations, which significantly increases the speed of answering questions.
Downside of making summary notes
Fortunately, there are few drawbacks to making summary notes. One big drawback is that if someone ignores the summary notes for a lengthy period of time and then attempts to go over them close to the exam date. Revision of summary notes will help solidify the information, but the reverse could have the opposite effect, which would exacerbate stress levels and cause chaos near the exam date. Here are a few disadvantages of making summary notes:
- Mistake in summary notes, pay attention when writing notes, and don't rush to write down the summary. The accuracy of the information determines the summary note's value.
- Poorly organized summary notes, poor arrangement of summary notes may lead to confusion that does not serve a purpose later.
- Too many summary notes, you should be selective when writing summary notes. Not everything is important.
- It takes time; Creating a well-organized summary will take time and effort, but it will be worth it in the end.
Take your time:
If you wish to make your notes an effective resource, then consider spending some additional time processing your notes while it's still fresh in your mind; annotate, summarize, identify keywords and write down questions or the objective the notes address. Your notes won't be of any value to you in the future if you merely file them and forget about them. Therefore, organizing your notes effectively now assures that they will be meaningful in weeks, months, or even years to come.
Review your summary notes:
The summary points need to be reviewed as often as possible, and It is critical to go over your summary points since this will help you retain what you learned. Every day, you should set aside time to revise your summary note, even if it is only a small part of the summary note. By reviewing, you strengthen your memory of key facts over time, which is tremendously helpful during the MCCQE1 exam.
No matter how good your summary notes are, they are useless without revision, and they will only create stress for you. The summary note from two months ago is no longer familiar today, which may cause you to cram before the MCCQE1 exam or may lead to feelings of unpreparedness


The Gresham Ship
The Discovery of the Gresham Ship
In the 16th century, a merchant ship sank to the bottom of the Thames where it lay undisturbed for 500 years. It was discovered by the Port of London Authority during investigations for the Princes Channel deepening, and it was clear from the outset that the find was something special. This is the story of that discovery.


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Noun: Sir Francis Bacon
 1. English statesman and philosopher; precursor of British empiricism; advocated inductive reasoning (_PHONE_)
 - Bacon, Francis Bacon, Baron Verulam, 1st Baron Verulam, Viscount St. Albans
Type of: national leader, philosopher, solon, statesman
Encyclopedia: Sir Francis Bacon


Prof. Pierre Boyer, Ph.D.
Project: A2, C5
SFB Associate A2, C5
École Polytechnique
Department of Economics
Route de Saclay
FR-91128 Palaiseau
Tel.: +33 (0) 1-6933-3035
Email: pierre.boyer
Pierre is an assistant professor of economics at CREST-Ecole Polytechnique (Paris). His research interests include public economics, political economy, european integration, and banking regulation.. This involves working projects that explore how the political economy forces shape the policy instruments observed in practice (e.g. the income tax schedule, or the level of publi debt). His previous research has been published in leading journals such as the Quarterly Journal of Economics and the Journal of Public Economics.


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Volvo I-Shift Synthetic Transmission Fluid to Maximize the Potential Fuel Economy Benefits
A completely synthetic SAE 75W-80 transmission oil is designed specifically for Volvo I-Shift automated manual gearboxes. I-Shift transmission oil is certified for drain intervals up to 500,000 miles depending on the vehicle and application. All Volvo-powered trucks designed for the North American market now come standard with Volvo I-Shift gearboxes.
The 75W-80 viscosity grade of Volvo Trucks' I-Shift transmission fluid helps preserve fuel economy by reducing viscous churn, better gear meshing, and simpler pumping and filtration, according to Volvo Trucks. Furthermore, the company claims that its high viscosity index enables low-temperature fluidity for faster starts, easier shifts, and less wear during cold start-ups, while simultaneously producing powerful lubricating coatings at higher temperatures.
Volvo transmission fluid also optimizes friction properties for smooth and rapid gear shifting, reducing stress on the driveline and tires, while shear stability and load carrying capacity help maintain effective viscosity and film strength for better wear protection under all operating conditions, according to the company. According to Volvo, the transmission fluid has thermal durability and oxidation resistance, which helps prevent deposit formation and adds to long seal life and oil drain intervals.
Let's have a look at some of the features of Volvo I-Shift Transmission Fluid:
- Designed to provide the optimal frictional reactions, material compatibility, and viscosity grade for improved fuel efficiency and fluid durability.
- Reduced viscous churn, smoother gear meshing, and simpler pumping and filtering all contribute to increased fuel economy.
- Better protection for heavy loads: Whether you're transporting massive machinery across the nation or navigating rough roads with loaded trailers, Volvo I-Shift Transmission Fluid protects against early wear.
- Shear stability, load bearing capability, thermal durability, and oxidation resistance are all optimized.
- Improved fuel economy: I-Shift Transmission Fluid reduces viscous churn, resulting in smoother gear meshing, easier pumping, and improved filtering, all of which contribute to improved fuel economy.
- Quicker starts, simpler shifts, and less wear are all advantages during cold starts. The viscosity index of I-Shift Transmission Fluid is high, which indicates it will flow easily regardless of temperature.
- Excellent thermal and oxidation stability: Protects against sludge, varnish, lacquer, and hazardous deposit building in important transmission components by being formulated for high temperature performance and superior oxidation resistance.
- Fewer deposits: I-Shift Transmission Fluid has outstanding thermal durability and oxidation resistance, reducing deposits. As a consequence, longer drain intervals and increased seal life are feasible.
- Volvo I-Shift Transmission Fluid is designed to reduce friction, reduce driveline stress, and improve fuel economy, resulting in smoother and faster shifting.
- With Volvo I-Shift Transmission Fluid, you can extend fluid drain intervals up to 500,000 miles / 60 months, which means longer uptime and lower total cost of ownership.
- Furthermore, Volvo claims that the transmission fluid has excellent thermal endurance and oxidation resistance, which helps to prevent deposit development and adds to long seal life, as well as longer oil drain and service intervals.
- This is the ideal transmission fluid for the Volvo I-Shift, which is currently standard on all Volvo-powered trucks.
Choose Volvo I-Shift Synthetic Transmission Fluid Today!
The 75W-80 viscosity grade of Volvo I-Shift transmission fluid helps it keep its fuel economy benefits by reducing viscous churn, better gear meshing, and simpler pumping and filtration. Volvo claims that the high viscosity index provides for excellent low-temperature fluidity, resulting in faster starts, easier shifts, and less wear during cold start-ups, while also delivering strong lubricating coatings at higher temperatures.
SAE 75W-80 I-Shift Fully Synthetic Transmission Lubricant is a premium full synthetic, heavy-duty, automated manual transmission fluid designed exclusively for Volvo I-Shift and Mack gearboxes.
SAE 75W-80 I-Shift Fully Synthetic Transmission Fluid is a premium heavy-duty automated manual transmission fluid with excellent fluid shear stability and exceptional frictional qualities for smooth, uncomplicated shifting. The high-performance additives offer excellent rust and corrosion resistance while being compatible with a wide range of ferrous and yellow metals. Get it today!


text:
stick very well to cotton cloth, but did not wash out with soap or laundry detergent. The uranium would wash out with a 2% solution of sodium bicarbonate (baking soda). Clothing can become contaminated with depleted uranium (DU) dust and normal laundering will not remove it. Those at risk of DU dust exposure should have their clothing washed with baking soda (about 6 ounces (170g) of baking soda in 2 gallons (7.5l) of water).
As a biopesticide
Sodium bicarbonate can be an effective way of controlling fungus growth, and in theUnited Statesis registered by the Environmental Protection Agency as a biopesticide.
Cattle feed supplement
Sodium bicarbonate is sold as a cattle feed supplement, in particular as a buffering agent for the rumen.
Category: Food Additive Chemicals


Maritime cultures are intensely practical and very often highly spiritual or superstitious. To live near the sea is to welcome her bounty and be awed by her power. Those in maritime communities learn the methods of mastering this vast resource to the extent that is possible while developing a healthy respect for the wild unpredictability of the world's waters and marine life. Maritime traditions reflect the tangible and intangible dimensions of the nautical life and encompass hard skills such as boat-building, fishing, salt harvesting as well as nuanced and mystical rituals, ceremonies and festivals.
People are Culture


text:
Conserving areas of bush and forest in cities is essential to the conservation of New Zealand's wasp species, according to research from Victoria University.
With more than 1,000 native species, wasps are an important part of New Zealand's biodiversity says Dr Rudi Schnitzler.
"Despite their fearsome reputation, very few wasps are capable of stinging humans; most tend to paralyse other insects. They play an essential role in the control of insects and are often deliberately used to control pest species such as the apple leaf roller moth in Hawke's Bay and Nelson."
Dr Schnitzler's PhD focussed on the effect diminishing amounts of native bush in urban areas has on native and introduced wasp species. He found that the greater the proximity of reserves and parks, the greater the number of wasps and the better the health and diversity of the species.
His findings are important for the conservation of urban bush and forest areas and have implications for city planners. "It's important to have many different types of plants in any section of forest or bush. The more variety in terms of species of plants, the more likely you'll find a pool of insects that nature can maintain."
He says backyard gardeners can play a part in increasing the diversity of flora and fauna of cities, especially in Wellington where sections of forest and bush are in close proximity to backyards.
Dr Schnitzler spent more than two years collecting and analysing wasps at 10 sites around the greater Wellington region.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
- Philip Norman
Philip E Norman FSA (
9 July 1842- 17 May 1931) was a British artist, author and antiquary.
Born in 1842 in
Bromley, he was the son of George Warde Norman (_PHONE_) and brother of Frederick Henry Norman, the merchant banker.
He was educated at
Eton Collegewhere he was a notable cricketer, and where, at the age of 17, he won the 120 yards hurdlerace in the then record time of 18 seconds. He was later to play one season of first-class cricketin 1865 with the Gentlemen of Kent.
He was trained as a draughtsman and painter in watercolours at the
Slade School, often exhibiting at the Royal Academy. A large part of his work consisted of depicting parts of Londonthat he knew, particularly buildings or areas which stood as a survivor of a bygone past or which were about to be demolished. Norman also recorded the history of the buildings which he painted or photographed, and works such as "London Vanished and Vanishing", written in 1905, provide a fascinating record of bygone London. The historian Hermione Hobhousehas described Norman as one-third of the "triumvirate" of key figures whose works record the topography of London between 1890 and 1950, the others being Walter Hindes Godfrey and Percy Wells Lovell.
Norman was elected a
Fellowof the Society of Antiquaries in 1886, acting as Treasurer from 1897 to 1913 and Vice-President from 1913 to 1917.
He died in 1931 in
South Kensingtonat the age of 88. His photographs are now held by the National Monuments Recordand his watercolour paintings and drawings of London are kept by the Victoria and Albert Museum.
* "London Signs and Inscriptions", London: Elliot Stock, (1893)
* "London Buildings Photographed, _PHONE_", London Topographical Record II, (1903)
* "London Vanished and Vanishing", London: Adam & Charles Black, (1905)
* "Survey of London", London County Council, (1909)
* "Cromwell House Highgate: Its history and associations", London: John Murray, (1917)
* "The London City Churches", London: The London Society, (1929)
*cite journal |year=1931 |month=May 30 |title=Obituary: Philip Norman |journal=Notes and Queries |pages=396 |issn=0029-3970
Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.


Hex lag screw
wood screw
Hex head screw
Contact Us
Haiyan Tianqi Fastener Co., Ltd.
 - Add:Jiaxing Haiyan China NO.1-3 Jincheng South road， Qinshan Industrial Zone of Haiyan, Jiaxing
 - Tel:+86-573-86408971
 - Mobile Phone:+86-_PHONE_
 - Fax:+86-86408973
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 - Post Code:314300
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What are the reasons for the rust of self-tapping screws?
1. If the surface of the self-tapping screw accumulates dust containing other metal elements or attachments of foreign metal particles, the condensed water between the attachments and stainless steel will be connected into a micro battery in the humid air, making the protective film The self-tapping screw is rusted due to damage;
2. In polluted air (such as the atmosphere containing a lot of sulfide, carbon oxide, and nitrogen oxide), self-tapping screw manufacturers tell you that self-tapping screws will form sulfuric acid, nitric acid, and acetic acid liquid spots when they meet with condensed water, causing chemical corrosion ；
3. The self-tapping screw itself contains nickel and other trace elements, which will rust over time.
4. The self-tapping screw manufacturer will explain to you that if self-tapping screws encounter acid, alkali, and salt substances (such as alkaline water and lime water splashing on the decoration wall), they will cause local corrosion and cause local rust.
Self-tapping screws generally refer to pointed, coarse-tooth, and hard-textured wood screws, as well as aluminum alloys and plastics. Some of them will not be screwed when installed. The self-tapping screw manufacturers will tell you the solution.
1. Spray some spray lubricating oil, and then use a torx wrench to unscrew it.
2. The self-tapping screw manufacturer tells you that you can use professional tools to open the self-tapping screw installed in the machine. The key is to master some basic methods;
3. Master the strength of the opening. If the force is too large, the contents of the self-tapping screw will be damaged. If it is too small, the self-tapping screw will not be able to be screwed. Therefore, the self-tapping screw manufacturer warmly reminds you that you need to master the skills to unscrew it. Master the force evenly
The self-tapping screw manufacturer tells you that the self-tapping screw can be used on the material to be consolidated, relying on its own threads, to "tap-drill, squeeze, and press" the consolidated body to produce the corresponding threads, so that they can be closely matched with each other.
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turning on the Implicit Transaction. As already told after a commit or rollback a new transaction gets started and that is how you see three transactions in the above depiction. Once you turn OFF the implicit transaction, the transaction will be set back to the default Auto Commit transaction.
Use the below SQL statements to Turn-ON or Turn-OFF the implicit transaction:
Set Implicit_Transactions On;
Set Implicit_Transactions Off;
Now Have a look at the below given example:
--Example 3
Set Implicit_Transactions On;
--Transaction 1
Update Authors Set Au_LName = 'Black' where Au_Id = '172-32-1176';
commit;
--Transaction 2
Update Authors Set Au_LName = 'Voyer' where Au_Id = '213-46-8915';
Rollback;
--Transaction 3
Update Authors Set Au_LName = 'Peterson' where Au_Id = '238-95-7766';
commit;
--Select the Authors, to see the effect of Update statement
Select Au_Id, Au_Fname + ',' + Au_Lname as Name,
Phone, City from Authors where Au_id in ('172-32-1176',
 '213-46-8915','238-95-7766');
--Revert back to Original
Update Authors Set Au_LName = 'White' where Au_Id = '172-32-1176';
Update Authors Set Au_LName = 'Green' where Au_Id = '213-46-8915';
Update Authors Set Au_LName = 'Carson' where Au_Id = '238-95-7766';
Go
Set Implicit_Transactions Off;
In this example, three update statements are executed followed by either a Rollback or a commit. Note that, here we have the Freedom of specifying where we want to do a commit or a roll back which we cannot do in the default Auto Commit Transaction mode. Also be aware that even though we can specify where we want to end the transaction, it is not possible to control the starting of the transaction. Because, the transaction starts immediately after it ends.
After the first Update statement, we asked for a commit, so the update of author's last name as Black is committed to the database and new transaction is started after that. The second Transaction comes to an End when the rollback statement is executed. The update of author's last name (as Voyer) kept in the memory is discarded after the rollback and one more new Transaction is started. Note that at the end of the script we turned off the implicit transaction. Once the implicit transaction is turned off, the mode changes to default Auto Commit transaction mode.
OK. What is the Final result of executing this script? The first and last update statement committed to the database and the second update is discarded.
4. Explicit Transactions
In "Explicit Transaction", we control the starting and ending of the transaction. Look at the below Pic:
As we control the starting and ending of the transaction, this transaction type is widely used while making the compiled unit of code Say for Ex. Stored Procedures. Have a look at the below specified code:
Here we started two transactions and note that the transaction will end when there is a commit or rollback. In this example, the first transaction will get succeed and the "Data Inserted message" will appear in the message area while executing the script. The second Transaction fails as Not Null column Contract is skipped from the insert (Note skipping a column means we like to leave the column as null) statement.
As this is a constraint violation and this happens at runtime the "@@Error" in our script returns a Non-Zero Error number. When the statement execution succeeds without any problem, we do get zero in the "@@Error environment variable". The remaining portion of the script is understandable. If you need complete example, you can take that from below:
--Example 04
Declare @ErrNo int
Begin Transaction;
Insert into Authors(Au_id, au_lname, au_fname, Phone, contract)
values ('112-33-1811', 'Jane', 'Marey', '_PHONE_', 1);
Set @ErrNo = @@Error;
if @ErrNo != 0
 Begin
 Print 'Error Occurred. Transaction Cancelled';
 RollBack;
 End
else
 Begin
 Print 'Data Inserted.';
 Commit;
 End
Begin Transaction;
Insert into Authors(Au_id, au_lname, au_fname, Phone)
values ('112-33-1234', 'Billy', 'Jones', '_PHONE_');
Set @ErrNo = @@Error;
if @ErrNo != 0
 Begin
 Print 'Error Occurred. Transaction Cancelled';
 RollBack;
 End
else
 Begin
 Print 'Data Inserted.';
 Commit;
 End
-- Revert back the Change
Delete from Authors where Au_Id = '112-33-1811';
March 7, 2013
[ MFC ] - Setting Image Background for dialog
1. Introduction
In this article, we are going to see how do we set the background image for the dialog based application. You can use the same technique specified here for any dialog by handling the WM_PAINT message.
The example for this article is shown below:
2. Add Bitmap Resource
First, we should create a bitmap resource. Once the resource is ready we can start adding the code to display the background image for the dialog. Follow the below-provided steps:
1) Create a Dialog based MFC Application and name it as DialogBackground.
2) Run the wizard created default application
3) Take screen shot of the dialog and paste it to the paint brush
4) Draw something manually inside the dialog display area.
5) Then copy the image from the display area and create a bitmap resource from it. This fifth step is shown in the below video
Once the resource is ready, we can display the image as a background for the dialog box.
3. About the source code
Modify the OnPaint() handler as shown below:
void CDialogBackgroundDlg::OnPaint()
{
 if (IsIconic())
 {
 CPaintDC dc(this); // device context for painting
 SendMessage(WM_ICONERASEBKGND, reinterpret_cast<WPARAM>(dc.GetSafeHdc()), 0);
 // Center icon in client rectangle
 int cxIcon = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CXICON);
 int cyIcon = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CYICON);
 CRect rect;
 GetClientRect(&rect);
 int x = (rect.Width() - cxIcon + 1) / 2;
 int y = (rect.Height() - cyIcon + 1) / 2;
 // Draw the icon
 dc.DrawIcon(x, y, m_hIcon);
 }
 else
 {
 //Sample 01: Required Declarations
 CDC MemDC ;
 CBitmap bmp ;
 CPaintDC dc(this);

 //Sample 02: Get the Client co-ordinates
 CRect rct;
 this->GetClientRect(&rct);
 //Sample 03: Create the Dialog Compatible DC in the memory,
 // Then load the bitmap to the memory.
 MemDC.CreateCompatibleDC ( &dc ) ;
 bmp.LoadBitmap ( IDB_BITMAP_BKGR ) ;
 MemDC.SelectObject ( &bmp ) ;
 //Sample 04: Finally perform Bit Block Transfer (Blt) from memory dc to
 // dialog surface.
 dc.BitBlt ( 0, 0, rct.Width() , rct.Height() , &MemDC, 0, 0, SRCCOPY ) ;
 CDialog::OnPaint();
 }
}
Explanation:
Sample 01: Required declarations are added.
Sample 02: The client coordinate of the displayed dialog is retrieved and stored in a CRect instance rct. Note this client rectangle returned will match the dimension of the bitmap resource that we created earlier.
Sample 03: The method call CreateCompatibleDC will create the memory device context which compatible to the dialog. That is it takes the settings (Pen, Brush etc) from the device context of the dialog. Once the Memory device context is created, we load the bitmap from the resource into CBimap object bmp. Finally, we load this bitmap to the memory device context MemDC.
Sample 04: BitBlt is called on the CPaintDC. BitBlt stands for Bit Block Transfer. Here we are transferring the bitmap content prepared in the memory (MemDC) to the destination CDialog.
Look at the below video to see the output:
Source Code: Download
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text:
Today is the day to no longer fear the word "zest." Why? It's simple. To zest a fruit means to scrape off the outer layer of fruits and use the scrapings to enhance the overall flavor of the dish.
The peels from fruits such as lemons, limes and oranges contain a very high amount of flavorful oils that, when used in small amounts, go a long way to add hints of citrus to a dish or baked good. By only using the colorful part (the zest) of the peel instead of the white bitter part (the pith), an intense citrus flavor will be added instead of bitterness.
Prior to zesting a citrus fruit, it is important that you scrub the fruit with soap and water and then pat it dry with a paper towel. Once these steps are completed, it's time to choose your zesting weapon. There are many tools that can be used to achieve a zest that incorporates beautifully into a dish to add amazing flavor. Typically, the tools listed below are most often used when a recipe calls for zest:
- Box Grater: When using a box grater, there are four different sides of the grater to choose from when deciding on how large of zest pieces you desire. It is usually best to add fine pieces of zest to recipes so be sure to use the side with the smallest holes.
- Microplane: When zesting with a microplane, rub the fruit in one direction against the blades. Be sure to turn the fruit as you zest so that the colored part (the zest) is removed and not the white part (the pith).
- Vegetable Peeler: This tool will result in strips of the zest instead of very fine pieces of zest.
- Zester: This tool makes long, thin strands of threadlike zest. When using this tool, simply scrape the blade along the outer side of the fruit and remove only the color part (the zest) and not the white part (the pith). Sometimes, it's a good idea to chop the strands with a knife to achieve finer portions of zest.
What tool do you usually use when a recipe calls for citrus zest?


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How to know if errors are due to linear or non-linear issue in an optical link?

When the bit error occurs to the system, generally the OSNR at the transmit end is well and the fault is well hidden.
Decrease the optical power at the transmit end at that time. If the number of bit errors decreases at the transmit end, the problem is non-linear problem.
If the number of bit errors increases at the transmit end, the problem is the OSNR degrade problem.
General Causes of Bit Errors
 Performance degrade of key boards
Abnormal optical power
Signal-to-noise ratio decrease
Non-linear factor
Dispersion (chromatic dispersion/PMD) factor
Optical reflection
External factors (fiber, fiber jumper, power supply, environment and others)

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Nice experience shared, but what is the logic here.
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text:
- Browsing Through Your Library
- Searching for Songs
- Sorting Songs
- Playing and Pausing Songs
- Moving Around in a Song
- Options for Playing Multiple Songs
- Accessing and Playing Podcasts
- Controlling Volume
- Listening to Radio Streams
- Viewing Artwork
- Accessing and Playing Video
- Rating Songs
- Sharing Your Music
- Playing Music from Others' Libraries
- Dealing with Firewalls
If browsing or searching yields many songs (or if you're viewing your entire library), it helps to be able to sort the songs that appear in the song list. You may also want to sort your songs in a particular way, since the order they appear in the song list is the order in which they'll play.
To sort by a particular column:
- Click the column name (
). The column head becomes highlighted, so you can tell that it's the column by which the entire list is sorted. If the triangle on the right side of the column name points up, everything is sorted in alphabetical or numeric order.
Figure 3.6 Click any column head to sort by that column. Songs are sorted in alphabetical order, since this triangle points up. Click the triangle to reverse alphabetical order.
To reverse the order of the sort:


text:
24 Apr What's the Best Time of Day to Mow the Lawn: Complete Guide
The Best Time of Day to Mow Your Lawn
Finding the perfect time to do yard work can be tricky in the summer months. If you do it too early, you have to deal with dewy grass that gets caught in your mower, while if you wait until the middle of the day, you have to deal will excruciating heat. "Lawn work is supposed to be enjoyable," you think to yourself, "not torturous." Believe it or not, but the health of your lawn can be affected by the time of day you choose to mow.
So, when is the best time of day to mow your lawn? The ideal time of day to mow your lawn is mid-morning, between 8 AM – 10 AM, and late afternoon, between 4 PM and 6 PM. By waiting until mid-morning, the dew on the grass has had time to evaporate. Mowing in the late afternoon can save you and your lawn from the mid-day heat and cause less turf stress.
Having a scheduled mowing time that caters to the health of your lawn is important. Mowing at ideal times will not only leave your lawn looking good, but it will also help it to maintain its health. Keep reading to learn how mowing your lawn at specific times of day affects the health of your lawn.
Mowing Your Lawn in the Early Morning (Not Recommended)
Mowing your lawn in the early morning may seem like a good idea; it would allow you to beat the heat of the day as well as enjoy the brisk and magical moments of early morning. (You'd probably only enjoy this if you're a morning person.) There's something nice about being up before the birds start singing.
While this may sound enticing, mowing your lawn in the early morning is not recommended. Early morning is from 5:30 AM – 8 AM. The main reason you should avoid cutting grass in the early morning is that the grass will be covered with dew. Dewy or wet grass can be a nuisance to mow.
Wet Grass Will Clog Your Lawnmower
When wet grass is mowed, it clumps up, sticks to the mower blade, and clogs up the mower deck. This means that if you decide to mow the grass in the early morning, it will take you much longer than normal. You'll have to stop and remove the wet grass from the deck and the blade over and over again. (If you have to do this, make sure your lawnmower is off!)
You'll Have Grass Clumps in Your Yard
Another disadvantage of cutting your lawn early when the grass is wet from dew is that the lawnmower will spit out clumps of grass. These clumps can ruin the appeal of a manicured lawn.
Wet Grass Will Cut Unevenly
Dewy or wet grass tends to bend under the weight of the water. This will cause the grass to be cut unevenly. You should wait to mow your lawn until the grass has dried and the blades of grass have become more upright.
No One Likes Wet Shoes
One of the biggest nuisances of cutting your lawn in the early morning is that your shoes and socks will get soaked by the dewy grass. No one likes this feeling. You can avoid this altogether by mowing your lawn at a different time of day.
Mowing Your Lawn in the Mid-Morning (Recommended)
The ideal time to mow your lawn is mid-morning, from 8 AM – 10 AM. Now, you'll have time to drink a cup of coffee, let the dew evaporate, and still beat the heat of the day.
Allows For Dew to Evaporate Off the Grass
When you wait to mow your lawn in the mid-morning, the dew has had a chance to evaporate. This will leave the blades of grass standing more upright, which will allow for a nice even cut. It will also save you from having wet clumps of grass in your yard and grass clogging up your mower.
You Can Beat the Heat of the Day
Although temperatures rise between early morning and mid-morning, you can still beat the heat of the day by mowing your grass in mid-morning. You'll want to mow your grass when the temperatures are cooler since it will be less stress on the health of your lawn.
Sugar Content is At its Lowest in the Grass
Grass produces sugar throughout the day through a process called photosynthesis. Grass usually peaks in its sugar production in the afternoon and is at its lowest during the morning hours. If you don't want to interrupt the high-time of your grass' sugar production, it's best to mow in the morning.
Mowing Your Lawn at Mid-Day (Not Recommended)
Can you mow your lawn in the middle of the day? Mid-day is considered between 12 PM – 4 PM and, yes, you can mow your lawn at mid-day; although, it isn't optimal. There are a number of reasons you should hold off from mowing your lawn in the middle of the day.
You'll Have to Deal With the Heat
Mowing the yard is tedious work that usually requires you to be out in the sun laboring. The heat combined with the work can be exhausting, and even dangerous is you don't hydrate and take breaks when you should. For this reason, we do not recommend mowing your yard in the middle of the day. Temperatures usually reach their highest between 1 PM – 3 PM, so you'll want to avoid mowing at these times.
It Will Stress Your Turf
Another reason to avoid mowing your lawn in the middle of the day is that the heat combined with the mowing can cause stress on your lawn. Believe it or not, but grass can be healthy and unhealthy too. When stress is put on your lawn, it will cause the yard to become more unhealthy and more susceptible to fungi and lawn diseases.
Mowing Your Lawn in the Late Afternoon (Recommended)
One of the best times to mow your lawn is in the late afternoon; the late afternoon is from 4 PM – 6 PM. By this time, the outside temperatures may have cooled off and there is less stress on your yard.
The Temperatures Have Cooled Off
Although the day still may be hot, at least the sun isn't directly overhead in the late afternoon. Waiting until the late afternoon will allow the temperatures to drop so mowing can be more enjoyable for you. At these hours, there are many shadows cast that can create great relief from the heat.
Less Stress on Your Yard
With cooler temperatures, there will be less stress on your lawn. When it's already hot outside and you decide to mow your lawn, your grass is having a lot of stress put on it that can deplete the health of your yard. When it comes to keeping your yard healthy, remove any pets or kids from the yard before you mow so that the lawn will have time to recover from being walked on and run over. Want to know how to keep dogs off of your lawn? Read our article, Keeping Dogs Off Your Lawn: 7 Reliable Solutions.
Your Yard Has Recovery Time Before Nightfall
Nightfall is the prime time for yard fungus and lawn diseases to take root. A healthier lawn will have a better chance to withstand the attacks compared to a lawn that has been put through the stresses of the day and not allowed time to recover. Mowing in the late afternoon will still give your lawn a few hours to recover before nightfall.
Mowing Your Lawn in the Early Evening (Not Recommended)
Early evening is from 6 PM – 8 PM, and you should avoid mowing your lawn at this time. While it may be tempting to wait until dusk to mow for cooler temperatures, you shouldn't consider mowing your lawn passed 6 PM. Keep reading to find out why!
Your Lawn Has Been Burning Energy All Day
At this point of the day, your lawn has been burning energy all day in order to produce sugar. Late evening is when the grass is at its weakest due to the work it has been doing all day. To mow the lawn at this time is striking it when it's at its lowest point.
Grass Stops Producing Sugar Once the Sun Goes Down
The grass will stop producing sugar once the sun goes down, as it requires sunlight in order to do photosynthesis. At this point, the grass will enter into rest until morning. If you were to mow the grass once the sun has gone down, you're causing stress on your grass when it should be rejuvenating and resting.
No Recovery Time for Your Lawn
Cutting your lawn in the evening will not allow your grass any recovery time before nightfall. Have you ever noticed how one day, your yard looks fine, and then the next morning, there are mushrooms in it? This is because of lawn fungus taking root in the middle of the night when the grass is resting. A weaker lawn will not be able to fend off fungus or other lawn diseases. Allow your lawn some time to recover and prepare for the night by mowing earlier in the day. (Check out our article, Why Does My lawn have Mushrooms? Complete Guide.)
We hope this article was helpful when it comes to planning what time of day to cut your grass. Another thing you'll have to plan is how to keep your lawn free of crabgrass during the Summer. Read our article, Getting Rid of Crabgrass in the Summer: Complete Guide.


text:
Optimisation of Ingot Margins
Comalco produces and sells ingots, which can be sold/ allocated across countries/ customers and sourced from any Comalco smelter or purchased. Depending on the cost of freight and destination country, the commodity return is different. The commodity margin reflects the total premium for commodity minus the total selling and distribution costs. The margin can vary depending on the site the metal has come from and its destination. The objective is to maximise the total profit. Shipping cost, sales cost, trade cost, sales income and trade income are considered. The followings aspects are also considered in the problem as well: the individual shipments that filled each sales order; the amounts sold from smelters to traders and the amounts bought from traders; and a tabular format the amount in metric tonnes sent from smelters, to each destination, on each ship, of each freight and product type.
A binary programming technique is used to solve the model.
Microsoft Excel based user interface integrated with premium solver software. The macro has set up the solver model from the data given.
Efficient dispatching and production of ingots.


text:
The logarithmic spiral is plotted with the origin in red. It can be expressed in polar coordinates as or parametrically as:
Each small black point represents the spiral's point for a different angle. Specifically, 80 black points are plotted for each completed round (). The big black point represents the "initial point" corresponding to. The big blue point highlights the point for the specific angle selected with the control.
Select "fixed axes" to restrict the range of in the plot to. Without "fixed axes", the same spiral can be seen resized; the unit line segment along the axis shows the scale.


With me, with you
– The word in Marshallese for 'with' is 'ippān.' However, it changes when you say 'with me,' 'with you,' etc.:
ippa with me
ippaṃ with you (singular)
ippān with him or with her or with it
ippān Dan with Dan
ippān Greg im Brian with Greg and Brian
ippād with us (inclusive)
ippām with us (exclusive)
ippāmi with you (plural)
ippāer with them
(You might notice that these words bare a resemblance to 'my,' 'your,' etc. in the last lesson. This is not a coincidence. If you want to know why see Lessons 66-71).
– If you want to say 'with' in the sense of 'using,' like in the sentence 'I hit the nail with the hammer' (as opposed to the sense of 'accompanied by,' like in the sentence 'I went to the lagoon with you'), then use 'kōn' for 'with' andkake' for 'with it.' For example:
Iaar jeje kōn pinjeḷ eo = (not Iaar jeje ippān pinjeḷ eo) I-PAST/write/with/pencil/the = I wrote with the pencil
Iaar jeje kake = (not Iaar jeje ippān) I-PAST/write/with it = I wrote with it
ṃōkaj or eṃṃōkaj (E: ṃōkaj or ṃōṃkaj) fast, on time, early
ṃōkaj ñan iien on time, on time to ___ Ex. Ṃōkaj ñan iien jikuuḷ = On time to school
nuknuk clothes
ruuṃ (from English) room, space
peen (from English) pen
pen hard (in both the physical sense and the sense of 'difficult')
pidodo easy, soft
pilawā (from English) flour, bread
pinjeḷ (from English) pencil
teeñki flashlight
wūnto (from English) window
Pronunciation Practice
The two ō's
The letter 'ō' in Marshallese actually stands for two different sounds. To hear the difference between these sounds, have a Marshallese person say these two words:
wōn 'turtle' wōn 'who?'
Notice that the first 'ō' sounds close to the 'oo' in 'book,' but the second 'ō' sounds like the 'u' in 'buck.' In the Marshallese-English Dictionary, the first sound is indicated in the phonetic transcription of a word by an 'e' with a hook under it, and the second sound is indicated by an 'e' with no hook. Here are some common words with 'ō' sorted by which sound it stands for:
Book Buck Book Buck
wōn 'turtle' wōn 'who' ṃōḷo 'cold' kiiō 'now'
wōt 'rain' wōt 'only' kōto 'wind' kōṇaan 'want'
ṃōj 'finished' elōñ 'there is' aebōj 'water' bōk 'take'
bōd 'wrong' ewōr 'there is' ṃōṇōṇō 'happy'
kōn 'about' ṃōñā 'eat' eọñōd 'to fish'
kōnke 'because' kōṃṃan 'do' ḷōmṇak 'think'
kwōle 'hungry' kōrā 'woman'
Practical Marshallese
Published by Marco Mora-Huizar
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sets the step-limit used by the ACL2 prover at the top level only
This event provides a way to limit the number of so-called ''prover steps'' permitted for an event. See with-prover-step-limit for a way to specify the limit on prover steps for a single event, rather than globally (and without the restriction mentioned above, pertaining to the top level). For a related utility based on time instead of prover steps, see with-prover-time-limit. For examples of how step limits work, see the distributed book books/misc/misc2/step-limits.lisp.
Example Forms:
General Form:
(set-prover-step-limit expr)
Depending on the computer you are using, you may have only (very roughly) a half-hour of time before the number of prover steps exceeds the maximum step-limit, which is one less than the value of *default-step-limit*. Note however the exception stated above: if the ''limit'' is nil or is the value of *default-step-limit*, then no limit is imposed.
The limit is relevant for every event, to calls of thm and certify-book, and more generally, to any form that creates a ''summary context'' to print the usual event summary. The limit is also put in force when entering the proof-checker. Below, at the end of this documentation topic, we explain in detail when a call of set-prover-step-limit is in force: in brief, it applies to all forms that are either at the top level or are inside the same summary contexts.
Note that the limit applies to each event, not just ''atomic'' events. Consider the following example.
(set-prover-step-limit 500)
 (defthm lemma-1 ; takes 380 steps
 :rule-classes nil)
 (defthm lemma-2 ; would take 319 steps
 :rule-classes nil))
Prover steps counted: 380
The summary for lemma-2 reflects that situation:
Prover steps counted: More than 120
The summary for the encapsulate events then indicates that the available steps for that event have also been exceeded:
Prover steps counted: More than 500
Rules: NIL
Prover steps counted: 41090
ACL2!>
Finally, we discuss in some detail with a set-prover-step-limit event is in force: it applies to a subsequent form that is either at the top level or at the same level as the set-prover-step-limit form, in the following sense. Let us say that a ''summary context'' is any context for which the usual ACL2 summary will ultimately be printed (if summary printing is not inhibited). Every event -- a call of defun or defthm, or more generally, every embedded event form (see embedded-event-form) -- establishes a summary context, as do certain other top-level forms such as calls of thm and certify-book. (But a call of ld does not establish a summary context.) Here, we consider two forms to be at the same level if they are in the same summary contexts. Thus, if set-prover-step-limit is called at the top level, then this call is not in force for events under a call of certify-book, encapsulate, progn, make-event, or (more generally) under any form that establishes a summary context. Also, if set-prover-step-limit is called inside a summary context, then it does not apply above that summary context except, if it is not local to some event, at the very top level.


text:
Moug ('Waves') Trailer
It was in the extraordinary and historic city of Suez that the first martyr of the Egyptian revolution fell. But the city has long been the gateway to Egypt's most decisive, transformative moments. Home to the strategic Suez Canal, the port was a key asset in the British imperial project, attacked by British-Israeli-French forces in 1956, during the infamous 'Suez Crisis', and destroyed in the 1967 Arab-Israeli war. Despite its importance, the film shows how the people of Suez feel left behind and neglected by Egypt's political elites.
Exploring the significance of his hometown and its unique experience and role in the 2011 revolution, Suez-born filmmaker Ahmed Nour tells a highly personal story. He uses his own voice, animation techniques and a poetic style of sound and cinematography to capture the essence of the revolution's generation, its hopes and its disappointments.
Ahmed Nour , "Moug ('Waves') Trailer," Politics, Popular Culture and the 2011 Egyptian Revolution, accessed December 7, 2023, _URL_


text:
Not content with synchronizing your phones to make one giant speaker? Researchers at the Tokyo University of Technology have developed "Pinch," an interface that lets you connect multiple devices together to form a giant disjointed display. Although the technology behind the interface remains a mystery — described only as a Wi-Fi based system — a video posted by DigInfo TV shows Pinch in action. To connect two devices, a user simply needs to pinch two adjacent screens together. The screens can be linked together in whatever alignment you choose, as the position and screen size of each display is communicated on a successful pinch.
Originally posted here:
'Pinch' connects multiple smartphones and tablets together to make a display


text:
What you need to know
Pyongyang claims extensive new fortifications on its border with China and a "shoot-to-kill" policy for anyone suspected of attempting to flee are measures to keep Covid-19 s at bay.
By Julian Ryall
North Korea has dramatically increased security on its northern border with China, constructing new fences, walls, and guard towers under the pretext of stopping anyone with the coronavirus from entering the country.
A human rights group has documented the work and has concluded that the primary reason for the new fortifications is to stop North Koreans fleeing worsening hunger and political repression at home.
Published on November 19 by New York-based Human Rights Watch (HRW), the report makes use of extensive satellite photography of around 300 kilometers (186.4 miles) of the border with China. North Korea's entire northern border stretches for more than 1,300 kilometers and also includes a short stretch with Russia.
Fences and guard towers
Analysts have examined the development of facilities on the frontier since the first cases of Covid began to be reported in China in late 2019.
"Preliminary analysis indicates that, since early 2020, the authorities have constructed new primary fences in several areas, set up secondary layers of fencing, upgraded pre-existing primary fences, improved or widened patrol paths, and built new garrisons, watchtowers, and guard posts along the border," the report stated.
HRW carried out a particularly in-depth examination of a stretch of the border close to the city of Hoeryung, on the Tumen River and opposite Jilin province in China.
This part of the border has long been used by smugglers and defectors as the river is broad and shallow, making crossings easier. In 2019, the 7.4-kilometer section was nearly fully fenced and had five watch towers.
In April 2022, new satellite images show an additional 169 guard posts have been constructed, with 9.5 kilometers of improved primary fencing and a further 9.2 kilometers of new secondary fencing.
In January 2020, North Korea became the first country in the world to completely seal its borders to the outside world, claiming it was acting to halt the spread of the virus.
In August of the same year, Pyongyang also announced the creation of "buffer zones" in the border regions, with soldiers under orders to "unconditionally shoot" anyone found within the zones without permission. The directive is understood to still be in force.
Repression of North Korean citizens
"The North Korean government used purported Covid-19 measures to further repress and endanger the North Korean people," said Lina Yoon, a senior researcher at HRW.
"The government should redirect its energies to improving access to food, vaccines, and medicine, and respecting freedom of movement and other rights."
Do Kyung-ok, director of the peace research division at the Seoul-based Korea Institute of National Unification, said revisions to the Emergency Communicable Disease Control Act were passed in Pyongyang in October 2021.
It states, for instance, "Citizens and foreigners must not come into contact with filth in the border area," while article 63 of the law says anyone who "comes into contact with unknown objects, such as balloons, that are suspected to have crossed the border" can be fined up to 50,000 North Korean won (€54, $56), he pointed out.
"The addition of border-related regulations in the law shows that the North Korean authorities are very concerned about an influx of coronavirus through the border," Do told DW. "But I am not sure that the provisions sufficiently explain why the North Korean authorities are establishing additional barriers on the border.
"It is reasonable to assume that they have the purpose of both preventing the virus entering the country and also preventing defections," she said.
The barricades have not stopped the virus getting into the North, but they are proving effective in reducing the number of people who defect. In 2019, government figures show that 1,047 defectors safely reached South Korea, but that figure had fallen to 229 in 2020, and to just 63 in 2021.
The number for all of 2022 is expected to hit another record low. Just eight defectors completed the journey in the second quarter and groups that assist defectors estimate that the figure for the full year will be below 50.
"These new walls and fences are there to keep people in," said Song Young-Chae, an academic and activist with the Worldwide Coalition to Stop Genocide in North Korea.
"The North has been building fences for years because they want to have complete control over all their people," he underlined. "The regime has learned that defectors speak out about their experiences in the North and those stories are never positive.
"They also do not want their people to get out and see how people in the rest of the world live — the plentiful food, the ability to say and think whatever they want, the chance to travel freely," he added. "They will do anything they can to maintain their control because if that begins to weaken, then that is a threat to the regime."
Pointing out that the cost of the fortifications "must have been considerable," Song said the resources should have instead been spent on ensuring food and medical assistance to the nation's impoverished citizens.
"Whatever its cost, that money would have been better spent on the people who are struggling to survive because there is not enough food," he said. "And for the regime to claim that the border is being reinforced is simply a lie. It is to control their people even more."
Edited by: Srinivas Mazumdaru
This article was originally published on Deutsche Welle. Read the original article here.
READ NEXT: Harris and Marcos Want More U.S. Troops in PH — And a "Joint Response" for Taiwan
TNL Editor: Bryan Chou (@thenewslensintl)
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Advil liqui-gels and Abdominal abscess - a phase IV clinical study of FDA data
Summary:
Abdominal abscess is reported only by a few people who take Advil Liqui-Gels.
The phase IV clinical study analyzes which people take Advil liqui-gels and have Abdominal abscess. It is created by eHealthMe based on reports of 4,733 people who have side effects while taking Advil liqui-gels from the FDA, and is updated regularly.
Phase IV trials are used to detect adverse drug outcomes and monitor drug effectiveness in the real world. With medical big data and AI algorithms, eHealthMe is running millions of phase IV trials and makes the results available to the public. Our original studies have been referenced on 600+ medical publications including The Lancet, Mayo Clinic Proceedings, and Nature.
On Feb, 07, 2023
4,733 people reported to have side effects when taking Advil liqui-gels.
Among them, 4 people (0.08%) have Abdominal abscess.
What is Advil liqui-gels?
Advil liqui-gels has active ingredients of ibuprofen. It is often used in headache. eHealthMe is studying from 4,936 Advil liqui-gels users for its effectiveness, alternative drugs and more.
What is Abdominal abscess?
Abdominal abscess (collection of pus in abdomen) is found to be associated with 1,444 drugs and 889 conditions by eHealthMe.
Number of Advil liqui-gels and Abdominal abscess reports submitted per year:
Could Advil liqui-gels cause Abdominal abscess?
Gender of people who have Abdominal abscess when taking Advil liqui-gels *:
 - female: 100 %
 - male: 0.0 %
Age of people who have Abdominal abscess when taking Advil liqui-gels *:
 - 0-1: 0.0 %
 - 2-9: 0.0 %
 - 10-19: 0.0 %
 - 20-29: 0.0 %
 - 30-39: 0.0 %
 - 40-49: 75 %
 - 50-59: 25 %
 - 60+: 0.0 %
Common drugs people take besides Advil liqui-gels *:
 1. Rebif: 3 people, 75.00%
 2. Acetaminophen: 3 people, 75.00%
 3. Protonix: 1 person, 25.00%
 4. Lexapro: 1 person, 25.00%
 5. Levoxyl: 1 person, 25.00%
 6. Cimzia: 1 person, 25.00%
 7. Ambien: 1 person, 25.00%
Common side effects people have besides Abdominal abscess *:
 1. Pneumonia: 1 person, 25.00%
 2. Atelectasis (partial or complete collapse of the lung): 1 person, 25.00%
Common conditions people have *:
 1. Multiple Sclerosis (a nervous system disease that affects your brain and spinal cord. it damages the myelin sheath): 3 people, 75.00%
 2. Diabetes: 3 people, 75.00%
 3. Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (reoccurrence of an inflammatory disease in which the insulating covers of nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord are damaged): 2 people, 50.00%
 4. Crohn's Disease (condition that causes inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract): 1 person, 25.00%
 5. Birth Control: 1 person, 25.00%
* Approximation only. Some reports may have incomplete information.
Do you take Advil liqui-gels and have Abdominal abscess?
Check whether Abdominal abscess is associated with a drug or a condition
How to use the study?
You can discuss the study with your doctor, to ensure that all drug risks and benefits are fully discussed and understood.
Related publications that referenced our studies
Related studies
How severe was Abdominal abscess and when was it recovered:
Expand to all the drugs that have ingredients of ibuprofen:
Alternative drugs to, pros and cons of Advil liqui-gels:
Common Advil liqui-gels side effects:
Browse all side effects of Advil liqui-gels:
a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
Abdominal abscess treatments and more:
COVID vaccines that are related to Abdominal abscess:
Common drugs associated with Abdominal abscess:
All the drugs that are associated with Abdominal abscess:
Common conditions associated with Abdominal abscess:
All the conditions that are associated with Abdominal abscess:
How the study uses the data?
The study uses data from the FDA. It is based on ibuprofen (the active ingredients of Advil liqui-gels) and Advil liqui-gels (the brand name). Other drugs that have the same active ingredients (e.g. generic drugs) are not considered. Dosage of drugs is not considered in the study.
Who is eHealthMe?
With medical big data and proven AI algorithms, eHealthMe provides a platform for everyone to run phase IV clinical trials. We study millions of patients and 5,000 more each day. Results of our real-world drug study have been referenced on 600+ medical publications, including The Lancet, Mayo Clinic Proceedings, and Nature. Our analysis results are available to researchers, health care professionals, patients (testimonials), and software developers (open API).
WARNING, DISCLAIMER, USE FOR PUBLICATION
WARNING: Please DO NOT STOP MEDICATIONS without first consulting a physician since doing so could be hazardous to your health.
DISCLAIMER: All material available on eHealthMe.com is for informational purposes only, and is not a substitute for medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment provided by a qualified healthcare provider. All information is observation-only. Our phase IV clinical studies alone cannot establish cause-effect relationship. Different individuals may respond to medication in different ways. Every effort has been made to ensure that all information is accurate, up-to-date, and complete, but no guarantee is made to that effect. The use of the eHealthMe site and its content is at your own risk.
If you use this eHealthMe study on publication, please acknowledge it with a citation: study title, URL, accessed date.
Recent studies on eHealthMe:


text:
Development of a Rubber-Bonded Grinding Wheel - Studies on Aspherical Grinding -
Aspherical surfaces are an important technology in optical instruments. Until now, only improvements in form accuracy and surface roughness of aspherical surfaces have been investigated. However, when the surface roughness becomes low, the small waviness of the surface becomes marked. This small waviness is termed "Nano-topography." Nano-topography causes grinding marks and reduces the accuracy of an optical instrument. Nano-topography is caused by the vibration of a grinding wheel during the manufacture of the surface. This paper will reveal how a rubber-bonded grinding wheel has been developed to absorb that vibration. The dressing of the grinding wheel was also investigated. As a result, it is possible to eliminate the generation of nano-topography.
Dongming Guo, Tsunemoto Kuriyagawa, Jun Wang and Jun'ichi Tamaki
N. Yoshihara et al., "Development of a Rubber-Bonded Grinding Wheel - Studies on Aspherical Grinding -", Key Engineering Materials, Vol. 329, pp. 465-470, 2007


text:
The philosophy of the group Partners in Education is the sooner the better.
It's never too early to encourage your kids to pursue a college education.
On Saturday what was called a "College Coach" workshop was held at the University of Toledo and sponsored by Partners in Education.
100 Toledo Public School students in grades five through seven, their parents and educators attended.
The message is that if parents wait until high school to discuss college aspirations with their kids, it may be too late.
By starting young, you instill good study habits and promote career goals.
"The parents are going to make sure their kids get to school, do homework and ask questions, helping expose them to different careers. Our program helps them do that," said Becky Spencer of Partners in Education.
It wouldn't be a "College Coach" workshop if the kids didn't hear from a real coach.
UT Womens Basketball coach Tricia Cullop gave them some inspirational advice.
"You can never start too late. We start recruiting young, even in basketball. But for their education, it starts now. As young as they are, you can never wait another day to start investing," she says.
One mother at the workshop, Tomara Carter, says she is already investing in the future of her four kids.
"It's a good experience for them to learn a lot. They can also follow behind me. I'm a college graduate," said Ms. Carter.
Her son Elijah has plans.
"I want to be a police officer," said Elijah.
"I want to be a teacher because I'm smart and get straight A's," added his sister, Takayla.
Two kids who sound like they're headed "straight" to college.
Copyright 2013 Toledo News Now. All rights reserved.


The Fundamentals of Kernel Density Estimation
Introduction
In today's blog, we examine a very useful data analytics tool, kernel density estimation. Kernel density estimation (KDE), is used to estimate the probability density of a data sample.
In this blog, we look into the foundation of KDE and demonstrate how to use it with a simple application.
What is Kernel Density Estimation?
Kernel density estimation is a nonparametric model used for estimating probability distributions. Before diving too deeply into kernel density estimation, it is helpful to understand the concept of nonparametric estimation.
Nonparametric Estimation
Unlike traditional estimation techniques, nonparametric estimation does not assume that data is drawn from a known distribution. Rather, nonparametric models determine the model structure from the underlying data.
Examples of Nonparametric Data
Ranked or ordinal data.
Data without a strong theoretical link to a known distribution.
Data with anomalies such as outliers, shifts, or heavy-tails.
Some examples of nonparametric models include:
 - Histograms and kernel density estimation.
 - Nonparametric regression.
 - K-nearest neighbor algorithms.
 - Support vector machines.
Probability Distribution Estimation using KDE
The intuition behind KDE is simple -- the more data points in a sample that occur around a location, the higher the likelihood of an observation occurring at that location.
This is implemented by using weighted distances of all observations from various locations on a linearly spaced set of points. Formally, the KDE is given by:
$$\hat{p}_n(x) = \frac{1}{nh} \sum_{i=1}^n K\bigg(\frac{X_i - observation}{h}\bigg)$$
ComponentDescription
$X_i$Fixed location.
$K(x)$The kernel function.
$h$Smoothing bandwidth.
Don't worry if this equation seems overwhelming. We will look more closely at the components.
The Kernel Function
The kernel function, $K(x)$, specifies how to compute the probability density given the distance, $X_i-observation$. There are a number of kernel functions available and model selection techniques based on mean squared error can be used to help determine which is the best choice for underlying data.
Examples of Kernel Functions
KernelFunction
Uniform$k(x) = \frac{1}{2}\\ \text{Support}: |x| \leq 1$
Epanechnikov$k(x) = \frac{3}{4}(1 - x^2)\\ \text{Support}: |x| \leq 1$
Gaussian$k(x) = \frac{1}{\sqrt{2\pi}}e^{-\frac{1}{2}x^2}$
Simple Example
Let's consider a simple example:
Observed data$x_1 = 30, x_2 = 32, x_3 = 35$
Bandwidth ($h$)5
Linear support$X_j = \{20, 21, 22, ..., 38, 39, 40\}$
Kernel functionEpanechnikov
Looking at point $x_1 = 30$:
$X_j$$x_i$$\frac{X_j - x_i}{h}$$\frac{3}{4}(1 - x^2)$
2030$\frac{20-30}{5} = -1$$\frac{3}{4}(1 - (-1)^2) = 0$
2130$\frac{21-30}{5} = -0.9$$\frac{3}{4}(1 - (-0.9)^2) = 0.1425$
2230$\frac{22-30}{5} = -0.8$$\frac{3}{4}(1 - (-0.8)^2) = 0.27$
............
3830$\frac{38-30}{5} = 0.8$$\frac{3}{4}(1 - 0.8^2) = 0.27$
3930$\frac{39-30}{5} = 0.9$$\frac{3}{4}(1 - 0.9^2) = 0.1425$
4030$\frac{40-30}{5} = 1$$\frac{3}{4}(1 - 1^2) = 0$
This generates a kernel function centered around the observation $x_1 = 30$:
If we move across all observations we get an individual kernel function for each observation:
To compute the kernel density estimation, we sum the kernel functions at each point.
The Bandwidth
The selected bandwidth controls how smooth the estimated density curve is. There are some convenient things to remember about the bandwidth:
 - As we increase bandwidth, points further from our location are included. This results in a smoother distribution.
 - Too large of a bandwidth can lead to the loss of information about the shape of the underlying data. This is called oversmoothing.
 - Too small of bandwidth may result in the density reflecting randomness rather than our true underlying density. This is called undersmoothing.
Changing the Bandwidth
Now, let's use the previous example to demonstrate the impact of bandwidth selection.
Observations data$x_1 = 30$
$h$$h = \{ 5, 10, 15 \}$
Linear support$X_j = \{20, 21, 22, ..., 38, 39, 40\}$
Kernel functionEpanechnikov
We can see that:
 - At the lowest bandwidth, the density goes to zero for $X_j \leq 25$ and $X_j \geq 35$. This results in a steeper and less smooth density.
 - The density "widens" as we increase bandwidth, this results in a smoother density.
Empirical Example: Old Faithful
Now let's put our knowledge to use with a real-world example using the Old Faithful dataset, which is available here.
Loading Data
First, we'll load the load data directly from the url:
/*
** Load data from url
*/
url = "_URL_
faithful = loadd(url);
The kernelDensity Procedure
Next, we will use the kernelDensity procedure, introduced in GAUSS 23, to estimate the probability density function of the Old Faithful wait times. The kernelDensity procedure requires one input, the data sample.
It also accepts three optional arguments:
 - A kernel function specification.
 - A bandwidth specification.
 - A kernelDensityControl structure for advanced settings.
kd_out = kernelDensity(dataset [, kernel, bw, ctl]);
dataset
Name of datafile, dataframe, or data matrix.
kernel
Optional argument, scalar or vector, type of kernel. Default = 1 (Normal).
bw
Optional argument, scalar, vector, or matrix, smoothing coefficient (bandwidth). Must be ExE conformable with the dataset. For example, if scalar, the smoothing coefficient will be the same for each plot. If it is a row vector, there will be a different bandwidth for each column of the dataset. If zero, the optimal smoothing coefficient will be computed. Default = 0.
ctl
Structure, an instance of the kernelDensityControl structure used to control features of estimation including variable names, number of points, truncation, and plot customization.
Default Estimation
To estimate the kernel density using the default settings and plot the resulting probability density estimate, we can call the kernelDensity procedure with just a single input:
// Estimate and plot the kernel density
call kernelDensity(faithful[., "waittime"]);
Comparing Kernel Functions
The kernelDensity procedure supports 13 different kernel functions which can be specified using a scalar indicator input:
Supported Kernel Functions
InputKernel
1Normal
2Epanechnikov
3Biweight
4Triangular
5Rectangular
6Truncated normal
7Parzen
8Cosine
9Triweight
10Tricube
11Logistic
12Sigmoid
13Silverman
To compare different kernel functions, we can use a vector input of kernel specifications.
// Specify three kernel
// for comparison on
// same plot
// 1 Normal
// 3 Biweight
// 5 Rectangular
kernel = { 1, 3, 5}};
// Estimate and plot the kernel density
call kernelDensity(faithful[., "waittime"], kernel);
Changing the Bandwidth
By default GAUSS uses a data-driven rule of thumb to determine the bandwidth. However, the kernelDensity function also accepts a user-specified bandwidth specification. For example, suppose we want to use a bandwidth equal to 2:
// Use the Normal kernel
kernel = 1;
// Set bandwidth
bw = 2;
// Estimate and plot the kernel density
call kernelDensity(faithful[., "waittime"], kernel, bw);
We can see that this results in a less "smooth" density than our default bandwidth. Conversely, if we use a bandwidth equal to 25:
// Use the Normal kernel
kernel = 1;
// Set bandwidth
bw = 25;
// Estimate and plot the kernel density


text:
International Year 2008
The United Nations (UN) dedicates an entire calendar year to focus on particular topics or themes. Many countries actively participate in promoting these years.
timeanddate.com has list of "International Year" events allocated to an entire calendar year for 2008. Global organizations, such as the United Nations (UN), organized these events to raise public awareness on major global issues and to encourage international action.
The events for 2008 include:
- The International Year of Languages.
- The International Year of Planet Earth.
- The International Year of the Potato.
- The International Year of Sanitation.
Many countries worldwide celebrated these events.


text:
Your five senses to experience 3000 years of history on your smartphone as you walk!
The application allows a specific discovery of the exceptional and sometimes unusual natural landscapes of Gruissan, a playful approach to the biodiversity of the sea and the ponds, the meeting of the inhabitants and the fishermen, their culture and the sharing of their traditional know-how..
The app is a digital guide that helps you find local and interactive information.
Each route is detailed to give you a unique experience thanks to geolocation