text:
Does food insecurity contribute to socioeconomic inequalities in BMI?
Ramsey, Rebecca & Giskes, Katrina (2008) Does food insecurity contribute to socioeconomic inequalities in BMI? In Population Health Congress, 6-9 July 2008, Brisbane, Qld. (Unpublished)
Introduction: Food insecurity is a social determinant of health and is defined as limited ability to access sufficient amounts of nutritionally adequate or safe food for a healthy and active life. Food insecurity is associated with poor health status and the exacerbation of other health inequalities. This study examined whether an association existed between 1) socioeconomic position (SEP) and food insecurity and 2) food insecurity and weight status.
Methods: Data from the 1995 National Nutrition Survey was analysed. A random sample of households (n = 13 858) were asked about dietary habits and food choices. Information about gender, age, BMI, waist circumference, household income and whether the household had run out of money to purchase food in the previous 12 months was obtained and analysed using chi-square and logistic regression.
Results: Income was significantly associated with food insecurity; households with lower income were at higher risk of food insecurity. Lower income males were nine times more likely to experience food insecurity and lower income females were three times more likely to experience food insecurity than their higher income counterparts. Food insecurity was significantly associated with body mass index (BMI) among women but not men. Women experiencing food insecurity were at higher risk of overweight/obesity according to BMI and waist circumference measures.
Conclusion: Evidence suggests that low income households are at higher risk of food insecurity and women who are food insecure are at higher risk of being overweight or obese. Food insecurity may mediate the association between SEP and BMI.
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These databases contain citations from different subsets of available publications and different time periods and thus the citation count from each is usually different. Some works are not in either database and no count is displayed. Scopus includes citations from articles published in 1996 onwards, and Web of Science generally from 1980 onwards.
Citations counts from theindexing service can be viewed at the linked Google Scholar™ search.
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|Item Type:||Conference Item (Poster)|
|Keywords:||Food security, Food insecurity, Socioeconomic inequalities, Weight status, Obesity, Body mass index|
|Subjects:||Australian and New Zealand Standard Research Classification > MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES (110000) > NUTRITION AND DIETETICS (111100) > Nutrition and Dietetics not elsewhere classified (111199)|
Australian and New Zealand Standard Research Classification > MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES (110000) > PUBLIC HEALTH AND HEALTH SERVICES (111700) > Epidemiology (111706)
|Divisions:||Current > QUT Faculties and Divisions > Faculty of Health|
Current > Institutes > Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation
Current > Schools > School of Exercise & Nutrition Sciences
|Copyright Owner:||Copyright 2008 please consult the authors|
|Deposited On:||27 Nov 2012 10:15|
|Last Modified:||27 Nov 2012 10:15|
Repository Staff Only: item control page


Current Date: 28.09.2023
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text:
The impact of fuel duty on the British economy is immense and destructive. A new report, Time to Excise Fuel Duty?, argues not only that fuel duty is unfair on motorists, but also that it puts British companies at a competitive disadvantage and acts as a disincentive to work, pushing up the welfare bill. The report sets out a plan to fund reducing fuel duty, to the point that it can be halved and then eventually phased out.
- Economically damaging
With taxes comprising 60% of the cost of a litre of petrol or diesel, fuel duty is contributing around £33bn a year to the Treasury. This tax burden is stifling economic growth by acting as a barrier to trade within the UK, with devastating effects on productivity and labour mobility. Private road transport is taxed far more highly than other sectors of the economy, creating major economic distortions and encouraging the misallocation of resources.
- Contributes to long-term welfare dependency
Fuel duty significantly increases travel-to-work costs and has a negative effect on incentives to enter employment, particularly for those people already facing high effective marginal tax rates. For example, a single person over 25 in low-cost rented accommodation would typically be around £70 per week better off in a full-time job paying the minimum wage than on benefits, which works out at £1.75 an hour. However, if average costs for those driving to work (about £20 per week) are applied, this means the person is now only £50 per week better off, or £1.25 an hour. When a realistic estimate of the time spent travelling is incorporated, the effective hourly rate falls further to around £1.10 an hour. Thus, in this case study, under plausible assumptions, travel-to-work costs reduce the returns from entering work by almost 40 per cent.
- Puts British companies at a major disadvantage
Fuel duty is higher in the UK than in any other major economy. Taxes on diesel for commercial use are particul

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
*The deadline for paper submission has passed.
1. Background and Purpose
In Japan, the population is aging at the fastest pace in the world. In order to establish a sustainable social security system, it is indispensable to construct a policy infrastructure by accumulating evidence based on high-quality micro-data on the diverse aspects of the lives of elderly people. As an important part of this process, Japanese Economic Review (JER) is very pleased to announce a special issue on the economics of aging. We invite the submission of original research contributions covering all aspects, broadly defined, of the economics of aging using the Japanese Study on Aging and Retirement (JSTAR) and/or other family surveys such as:
- Health and Retirement Study (HRS)
- English Longitudinal Survey on Ageing (ELSA)
- Survey on Health, Aging and Retirement in Europe (SHARE)
- Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (KLoSA)
- Chinese Health and Retirement Survey (CHARLS)
- Longitudinal Aging Study in India (LASI)
Priority will be given to studies using JSTAR data.
3. How to submit your papers
By the end of October 15, 2014 (GMT)

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Zhang D.,Sichuan University |
Zhang D.,Sichuan Engineering Technical College |
Hou L.,Sichuan University |
Wang R.,Dong Fang Electrical Corporation Ltd |
And 3 more authors.
Energy Education Science and Technology Part A: Energy Science and Research | Year: 2014
The speed sensor for yaw system of a wind turbine was vulnerable to external environment, which seriously degraded the yaw system reliability. According to these problems caused by the sensor installation, a sensorless control for a yaw motor was put forward to make wind effectively facing the yaw system. Since sliding mode observer was robust to the motor parameters and disturbances, a variable structure model reference adaptive system (VS-MRAS) observer for speed identification of the yaw motor was proposed. The response characteristics of speed and torque under Matlab/Simulink were compared and analyzed in these two cases which were the sensorless vector control systems based on the VS-MRAS and MRAS respectively. Simulation results show that the former is more suited to dynamic yaw system with high nonlinear and uncertainty, makes dynamic performance of the estimated speed better, and improves control precision of the yaw system. © Sila Science. All Rights Reserved.
Dan Z.,Sichuan University |
Dan Z.,Sichuan Engineering Technical College |
Li H.,Sichuan University |
Rui W.,Dong Fang Electrical Corporation Ltd
International Journal of Simulation: Systems, Science and Technology | Year: 2016
Rotation precision of lathe spindle is an important indicator to measure the lathe performance. Owing to traditional Fourier transform lacking of locality and Wigner-Ville distribution having serious cross-interference, a method of rearrangement spectrogram was to extract the parameter of integrated error signal, which was picked up by the sensor in dynamic measurement system. Frequency estimation accuracy of eccentricity error caused when installing standard ball was improved by the method of rearrangement spectrogram, and then the eccentricity error was effectively separated by digital filter. The rotation precision on C616 with the proposed method in this paper was compared with DJ-HZ-1 machine tool rotation precision measuring instrument. Experimental results show that the proposed measuring method in this paper can be accurately measured the spindle rotation precision. © 2016, UK Simulation Society. All rights reserved.
Tang Q.,Dongfang Electrical Co. |
Tang Q.,Sichuan University |
Liu S.,Dongfang Electrical Co. |
Shang L.,Dongfang Electrical Co. |
Li Y.,Dongfang Electrical Co.
Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition) | Year: 2016
The design method of the teleoperation control system using industrial robot KUKA for was introduced the hazard environment and the control algorithm with heterogeneous master/slave structure. Using the Eth. KRLXML software package, a communication based on TCP/IP was connected between the robot controller and the remote computer. The joint angles and positions of the endpoint of the KUKA robot were sent periodically to the remote computer and commands from the remote computer were received and executed by the KUKA robot. Teleoperation control algorithm with relative scale transformation was adopted in the teleoperation system. Motions of the master manipulator was transformed to the slave manipulator's coordinate. By implementing the scaled relative position and pose transformation, the proposed control algorithm not only could be used in the designed heterogeneous master/slave structure, but also could satisfied different operation space requirements with high accuracy. Physical experiments verified the proposed teleoperation system and the proposed master/slave control algorithm. © 2016, Editorial Department of Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition). All right reserved.
Yang S.,Sichuan University |
Liu Y.,Dongfang Electrical Co. |
Sun Y.,Sichuan University
Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery | Year: 2013
A method of position analysis for spherical mechanisms with four-bar closed-loop chains was proposed. The mechanism was divided into a four-bar closed-loop mechanism and a single-opened-chain (SOC) unit. The constraint equation of the four-bar closed-loop was established with spherical loop equation. The constraint equation of SOC was set up with coordinate transformation and direction cosine matrix. The coupled constraint equation of whole mechanism was built up based on spherical trigonometry. The proposed method was simple to set up constraint, easy for elimination and less extraneous root, which was helpful to obtain symbolic solutions or figure-symbolic solutions.
Zhu Z.,Extra Highvoltage Branch JiangXi Electrical Power Company |
Li J.,Extra Highvoltage Branch JiangXi Electrical Power Company |
Liu J.,Extra Highvoltage Branch JiangXi Electrical Power Company |
Jiang H.,Dongfang Electrical Company
Advanced Materials Research | Year: 2013
With the build of Monitoring Center in our country, a great of signals are uploaded from many substations which are located on every corner. When an abnormal or a grid fault in Power System happens, lots of signals come out, then many operators on duty can't often react quickly and judge the fault accurately. Recently, more and more scholars begin studying intelligent alarm processing system. In this paper, by analyzing signals characters and SCADA network of Monitoring Center, an intelligent processing frame to alarms in monitoring center is provided, the frame includes three layers named signals foundation treatment layer, signals connecting and sharing layer, signals intelligent diagnosis layer. Now the frame has been implemented successfully in Monitoring Center of our company. At the same time, based on an virtual signals software, lots of devices alarms and grid faults are simulated, this intelligent processing system, which are built on the frame, always show the alarm tip quickly. Facts prove it attributes to grid fault judge for operators of Monitoring Center. © (2013) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.
He P.,Jiangxi Electrical Power Co |
Zhu Z.,Jiangxi Electrical Power Co |
Jiang H.,Dongfang Electrical Company
Advanced Materials Research | Year: 2013
In a centralized control center SCADA system, thousands of real-time data are sent to SCADA, including real-time signal, telemetering and alarm information. The intelligent analysis and processing of alarm signals is an important requirement. This article from the design point of intelligent alarm rules, explore an internal reasoning knowledge base and the external definition of rules combined design algorithm. Practical application results show that, the algorithm to power a variety of abnormal and fault has better capture and analysis ability. © (2013) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.
Tang J.,Central South University |
Pu T.,Central South University |
Pu T.,Dong Fang Electrical Corporation
Jixie Gongcheng Xuebao/Journal of Mechanical Engineering | Year: 2011
The calculation of spiral bevel gear meshing stiffness is the foundation of dynamic analysis. An approximate sine or cosine series are applied for dynamic analysis, which influences the computational accuracy. Based on the theory of finite element analysis for spiral bevel gear with loaded contact, a computational method of spiral bevel gear meshing stiffness is developed, and the key technologies and pre-processing methods are given. A spiral bevel gear model with five teeth is constructed using ABAQUS software. The normal contact force and integrated elastic deformation are computed, and the meshing stiffness of single and multiple teeth are achieved considering the influence of difference loads. Computing results show that the loads have a major effect on the meshing stiffness amplitude and period, and that impacts of the loads on contact ratio and the contacting position need to be considered for the calculation of meshing stiffness. Comparing the results of the development calculation method with existing literatures for involutes spur meshing stiffness, the correctness of the meshing stiffness calculation method is verified, which lays the foundation of dynamic analysis for spiral bevel gear. © 2011 Journal of Mechanical Engineering.


text:
Weeds can be an expensive problem for farmers and cost Australian farmers approximately $1.5 billion per year in weed control practices. There's also the cost to production, estimated to be $2.5 billion per year, with weeds competing with other plants, crops and livestock for resources, contaminating produce, affecting farm machinery and causing illness in livestock.
This makes weeds an important issue for all farmers and controlling the spread of weeds between, and onto farms, vital. Some important things to consider to prevent weeds coming onto your farm include:
The TFGA is continuing to work on helping stop the spread of weeds through the Farm Biosecurity Engagement Project. To find out more about the project contact Mandy Bowling: (03)6332 1800 or at _EMAIL_


text:
MOE – IMTL Portal
The Ministry Of Education (MOE) directs the formulation and implementation of education policies in Singapore. It has control of the development and administration of the Government and Government-aided primary schools, secondary schools, junior colleges, and a centralised institute. It also registers private schools.
The mission of the Education Service is to mould the future of the nation, by moulding the people who will determine the future of the nation. The Service will provide our children with a balanced and well-rounded education, develop them to their full potential, and nurture them into good citizens, conscious of their responsibilities to family, society and country.
In that regard, MOE seeks to engage the current IT-savvy generation and help improve the way they learn the language. The learning portal has a proposed feature which will enable students to recite, record and review their performance. In addition, a text-to-speech feature will assess reading fluency and correct pronunciation errors.
This challenge, to provide a Web-based Interactive Oracy Portal for Mother Tongue Languages, was awarded by MOE to Singtel – ACP Consortium in February 2011. ACP has successfully deployed an online portal that facilitates the teaching and learning spoken MTLs which is scalable for up to 400,000 users and 30,000 concurrent users.
This LMS solution was achieved through the following efforts:
- Publishing and removal of learning resources
- Creation and assignment of MTL oracy tasks
- Monitoring of MTL oracy tasks
- Assessment of MTL oracy tasks in both practice and test conditions
- Text-to-Speech (TTS) and Speech Evaluation capabilities for the system
As a result, ACP was able to achieve a successful nationwide rollout for 400,000 students across Singapore with support for 30,000 concurrent students accessing the system. The iMTL Portal was a runaway success with nationwide coverage and rave reviews from leading media houses and publications.
For more information regarding the iMTL project, you can head for the links below.


text:
Unformatted text preview: tein.
Groundnut kernels contain 47-53% oil and 25-36% protein. The crop is cultivated
between 40ºN to 40ºS of the equator. Groundnut is a self pollinated crop whereby
flowers are produced above ground and, after fertilization, pegs move towards the soil,
and seed-containing pods are formed and developed underneath the soil.
The productivity of groundnuts varies from 3500 kg/ha in the United States of America
to 2500 kg/ha in South America, 1600 kg/ha in Asia, and less than 800 kg/ha in Africa.
This is due mainly to various abiotic and biotic constraints. Abiotic stresses of prime
importance include temperature extremes, drought stress, soil factors such as alkalinity,
poor soil fertility and nutrient deficiencies. Groundnuts grow best in light textured
sandy loam soils with neutral pH. Optimum temperature for their growth and
development ranges from 28 to 30 ºC; the crop requires about 500-600 mm of well
The main yield limiting factors in semiarid regions are drought and high temperat...
View Full Document
- Spring '14
- Peanut, SA NE, Vijaya Gopal Kakani, Vara Prasad, Hari D. Upadhyaya, P.V. Vara Prasad


text:
Chapter Effectiveness Award
The Chapter Effectiveness Award recognizes an individual chapter for its outstanding achievements in advocacy to influence action and support for the credit union movement. This chapter illustrates the importance of advocacy, collaboration and teamwork. They are removing barriers, not only for their chapter, but also on a statewide and national level. This chapter reflects the importance of grassroots organization and the goals achieved by working together.
This chapter has demonstrated a yearlong effort to affect positive change for their region, their state and the credit union movement.
(One award winner per year)
The Chapter Effectiveness Award is presented for achievement in leadership, mentoring, advocacy and collaboration. Distinction in these categories can be demonstrated through:
- Supporting the next generation of credit union leaders through education, training and mentoring activities, as well as encouraging participation on the chapter executive committee
- Measurable impact to the chapter and movement as a whole
- Supporting key legislative initiatives such as: PAC fundraising, legislative events, etc.
- Supports Michigan Credit Union Foundation
- Supporting key cooperative initiatives such as: CU Link, CMS support, etc.
- Consistent record of teamwork through multi-chapter functions
- Nomination letter and letters of recommendation
- NOMINATION LETTER: A nomination letter must describe and elaborate in detail upon how the award criteria were met
- LETTERS OF SUPPORT: A minimum of 2, maximum of 5, letters of support must be sent and are expected to address the author's first-hand knowledge of the nominee with relation to all of the award criteria


DOI
_URL_
Author ORCID Identifier
_URL_
Date of Award
Spring 5-10-2024
Degree Type
Capstone Project
Degree Name
Doctor of Occupational Therapy (OTD)
Department
Occupational Therapy
First Advisor
Jade Holloway
Second Advisor
Carolyn Podolski
Abstract
Abstract
Background: This capstone project examines the intersection of intimate partner violence (IPV) and traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) within the framework of occupational therapy (OT). It aims to develop targeted OT interventions to address the complex needs of individuals impacted by these intertwined challenges.
Purpose: The purpose of this capstone project is to describe the role of occupational therapists in implementing an occupation-based course focused on building self-efficacy in various occupational performance areas (as defined by AOTA) for individuals who have experienced traumatic brain injury (TBI) as a result of intimate partner violence (IPV). Additionally, this project will explain a five-step neurological examination related to promoting the early identification of signs and symptoms of TBI to minimize occupational dysfunction and better address the health of this population.
Methods: By conducting a thorough review of the existing literature, needs assessment, and program development process, two programs were developed and implemented: an occupation-based group intervention for individuals who have experienced IPV-related TBIs and an educational program for shelter staff focused on identifying symptoms of TBI.
Outcomes: Although no data was gathered, details about the two programs are described in this paper. The results suggest the potential effectiveness of the two programs in addressing the unique needs of individuals affected by IPV-related TBIs.
Discussion/Impact: To advance progress, it is crucial to expand research efforts to better understand the impact of IPV-related TBIs, encourage interdisciplinary collaboration and continue the implementation of these programs. These actions can contribute to developing individualized approaches that promote independence and self-efficacy for individuals impacted by IPV-related TBIs.
Conclusion: This capstone project demonstrates the versatility of OT interventions in addressing the complex challenges of IPV-related TBIs. By focusing on self-efficacy, occupational performance and collaboration, meaningful progress can be made towards independence.
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Roche Abbey
To see Roche Abbey in Superzoom click the link below
Unusual in that the site was gifted to the Cistercian order by two benefactors, Roche was one of the first abbey churches to be built completely in the new Perpendicular Gothic style, and was said to be astonishingly beautiful.
Founded in 1147 building in stone probably began around 30 years later from the adjacent magnesium limestone which was of very fine quality. Indeed Roche stone was so highly prized it was used in the construction of Winsdsor Casle.
Situated over Maltby Beck between the former great forests of Sherwood and Barnsdale the monastry was close to the castles of Tickhill and Conisbrough in what is now South Yorkshire. There is a legend that Robin Hood came to Roche for mass, and indeed the abbey is central to the area recorded in the very early ballards.
The house was originally colonised by monks from Newminster Abbey in Northumberland, which itself was the daughter house of Fountains Abbey, near Ripon, so Roche was itself affiliated to Fountains. The abbey never developed extensive holdings but still played a role in important national affairs.
Surrendered in 1538 during the Dissolution of the Monasteries it was pilaged and ransacked by the local population before it could be dismantled by the King's commissionaries.


text:
In recent years, people have bred freshwater pearls as a substitute for natural pearls that occur in seawater, and they have also developed water-soluble pearl powder (P-w) and ultra-micro (P-μ) and ultra-nano pearl powder (P-n) products. However, neither the scientific value of pearl powder, nor the differences in efficiencies of different pearl powder products is still unknown. In this study, the effectiveness of three kinds of pearl powder products in various applications was compared. Tests for transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and evaluations of the skin surface hydration of test subjects showed that pearl powder has a satisfactory moisturizing effect on skin and that P-μ has a distinctly stronger moisturizing effect than P-w. The three pearl powder products can also significantly reduce the activation of tyrosinase and free radicals. In tests for reducing power and l,l-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) for scavenging free radicals, P-n and P-μ showed better performance than P-w. These results provide a reliable scientific basis for the use of pearl powder in beauty treatment, resistance to aging, and clinical medical treatment.
|Number of pages||13|
|Journal||Journal of Cosmetic Science|
|Publication status||Published - 2010 Mar 1|
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes


text:
Today is National Doctors Day!
"* The first Doctors Day observance was March 30, 1933, in Winder, Ga. The idea came from Eudora Brown Almond, wife of Dr. Cha Almond, and the date was the anniversary of the first use of general anesthetic in surgery. (On March 30, 1842, Dr. Crawford Long of Barrow County, Ga., used ether to remove a tumor from a patient's neck.)
* The Barrow County Medical Society Auxiliary proclaimed the day "Doctors Day," which was celebrated by mailing cards to physicians and their wives, and placing flowers on the graves of deceased doctors, including Dr. Long.
* The United States House of Representatives adopted a resolution commemorating Doctors Day on March 30, 1958. In 1990, legislation was introduced into the United States House of Representatives and United States Senate to establish a National Doctors Day. Following overwhelming approval by the House and Senate, then-President George Bush signed a resolution designating March 30 as National Doctors Day. The first National Doctors Day was celebrated in 1991."

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Difference between revisions of "Referencing AVI Files in MIRCdocuments"
|Line 37:||Line 37:|
Revision as of 16:28, 26 January 2011
This article describes how to insert AVI, MPEG, or other video files into MIRCdocuments using the File Service and Author Service of the RSNA MIRC implementation. This article applies only to MIRC T36b or later. It has only been tested with Internet Explorer.
There are two steps in referencing an AVI file in a MIRCdocument:
- Store the file in your file cabinet.
- Reference the file in a paragraph.
To store the AVI file in your file cabinet:
- Log in on the query page.
- Select My Files in the My Stuff menu.
- In the left pane of the File Cabinet page, select a file folder in which to store the AVI file.
- In the File menu, select Upload file.
- The Add File window will then appear. Click the Browse button.
- A file chooser will then appear. Navigate to the video file, and click Open.
- The file chooser will disappear. Click Submit File on the Add File window.
- Note the full path to the file folder in which the video file is stored. This is shown at the right end of the menu bar.
To reference the AVI file in a MIRCdocument:
- Create a new MIRCdocument or edit an existing one in the Author Service.
- Select a section in which to insert the reference to the AVI file and click its tab.
- Insert a paragraph or click on the text box of an existing one.
- Enter text as shown in the box below, replacing path with the path to the folder, and movie.avi with the name of the video file in that folder.
- Click the Save button in the toolbar to save the document.
Here is a movie.
This will present a link to the AVI within the paragraph. When clicked, the user's AVI viewer will launch and display the AVI in a separate window.
For example, if the path to the folder is Personal/Files/Misc_Files and the video filename is video.mpeg, the text would be:
Here is a movie.
It is also possible to make the video play within the paragraph itself. To do so, use the following paragraph contents:
- Video files are supported only in paragraphs in normal section elements, not in image-section elements.
- In the example above, the AVI file is called movie.avi.
- You can also insert WMV files in the same way.
- The square brackets in the reference to the video file are required.
- After copying the file into the file cabinet when the document is saved, the Author Service removes the bracketed reference from the source and replaces it with the filename of the video file, possibly modified to replace spaces in the name with underscores.


text:
Several new data products and applications for elastic backscatter lidar are achieved using simple conical scanning. Atmospheric boundary layer spatial and temporal structure is revealed with resolution not possible with static pointing lidars. Cloud fractional coverage as a function of altitude is possible with high temporal resolution. Wind profiles are retrieved from the cloud and aerosol structure motions revealed by scanning. New holographic technology will soon allow quasi-conical scanning and push-broom lidar imaging without mechanical scanning.
|Original language||English (US)|
|Number of pages||4|
|Journal||European Space Agency, (Special Publication) ESA SP|
|State||Published - Jun 1 2004|
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
- Aerospace Engineering
- Space and Planetary Science


1. Help Center
 2. Supported formats
Episerver XML
What is Episerver XML and how does it work for Episerver-based web applications?
File Extensions.xml
API Extension episerver
Format Options No
Import Yes
Export Yes
Pluralization supported? No
Descriptions supported? No
Episerver is a content management service provider. Episerver XML is its standard localization file format that is used to load translated/localized strings. The localized XMLs are typically saved in the "lang" folder under the web root directory. With a predefined Localization Provider, strings loaded from the XML will override default UI texts.
Each Episerver XML has at least one locale nested in the tag. Therefore, it is possible that an Episerver XML is multilingual.
Code Sample

 --- true
 This translations contains
a line-break.
 I'm a deeply nested key.
 This key is nested inside a namespace.
 Only one pluralization found.
 Wow, you have %s pluralizations!
 You have no pluralization.
 simple key, simple message, so simple.
 This translation is not yet verified and waits for it. (In some formats we also export this status)


Problem 70a
A multiway tree has a root element and a set of successors which are multiway trees themselves. A multiway tree is never empty, although it's list of children may be an empty list.
 - Define type to a represent multiway trees.
 - Create a tree instance to represent the tree in the diagram below.
 - Write a function to count all nodes of the tree.
Unit Test
import Html
import List
type MTree a =
 -- your definition goes here
mtree70 =
 -- instantiate the multiway tree illutrated above
count : MTree a -> Int
 -- your definition goes here
main =
 Html.text
 (if (test) then
 "Your implementation passed all tests."
 else
 "Your implementation failed at least one test."
 )
test : Bool
test =
 List.all ((==) True)
 [ count mtree70 == 7
 ]
Solution
Solution
results matching ""
 No results matching ""


Today's mystery bird for you to identify
What on Earth are these two Peruvian mystery birds doing in this photograph?
Mystery Bird photographed in Chaparrí reserve, Lambayeque Department in northwestern Peru (South America). [I will identify this bird in 49 or so hours]
Image: Nick Athanas/Tropical Birding, 28 February 2012 (with permission, for GrrlScientist/Guardian use only) [velociraptorise].
Canon EOS 7D
Question: This striking pair of Peruvian mystery birds are very similar to congener who shares its range. What is the identity of that congener? How can you distinguish the two species? Can you identify this mystery bird's taxonomic family and species? Incidentally, what do you suppose these two birds are doing in this photograph?
The Game:
The Rules:
4. Comments that spoil others' enjoyment may be deleted.
twitter: _USER_
facebook: grrlscientist
Pinterest: grrlscientist


text:
When Doctor Altman taught his 12-year-old daughter Mary about medicine, Abraham Lincoln, and freedom, he never imagined all three would soon be illegal, but living in Nazi Germany brought many unexpected changes to their lives. Doctor Altman is being forced to comply with the wishes of Hitler's closest officers, the Black Coats, and Mary soon discovers she must keep her opinions of freedom secret or she'll put her family's lives in danger. Their only hope is that the Allies win the Battle of Berlin and Hitler surrenders. After the war, Mary's family escapes to America, but once she gets there, Mary unwittingly becomes mixed up with the wrong people, endangering her family's American dreams. With the help of Raphael, an immigrant teen, and his father, who have a surprising connection to Mary's German childhood, Mary quickly learns that freedom doesn't mean doing whatever you want.
Filled with life lessons, a little romance, and plenty of humor and set against the historical backdrop of World War II, One Girl's Dream for Freedom is an engaging and exciting story of the difficult teenage years that readers of any age will enjoy. Download and start listening now!


text:
|Luca Bedogni||University of Bologna, Italy|
|Marco Fiore||National Research Council of Italy, Italy|
|Christian Glacet||National Research Council of Italy, Italy|
Upcoming mobile network technologies developed in the context of 5G and DSRC are expected to finally legitimize direct data transfers among vehicles as a standard communication paradigm. We investigate fundamental properties of the topology of vehicular networks built on top of these emerging vehicle-to-vehicle communication technologies. Our study yields multiple elements of originality: (i) it addresses temporal connectivity, which has been poorly investigated despite a high relevance for vehicular network operations; (ii) it introduces exact but computationally efficient models of the temporal connectivity of vehicular networks; (iii) it evaluates the proposed models in urban settings that exhibit an unprecedented combination of dependability, scale and generality of vehicular mobility. This approach lets us unveil an apparent scale-and city-invariant law of temporal reachability in vehicular networks. Finally, we open our original scenarios to the research community, so as to ensure reproducibility of our results and foster further investigations of vehicular network performance.


Cedar Hedges
Have large cedar hedge close to 8 ft. tall. We would like to replace three of the trees in the middle of the run. How would this be done? Would it be harmful to the other trees to the side of them and what size would the roots be? I can see close to the surface there is a spread out mass of roots, but how deep does this go? We are in Oakville, good soil, full sun, and we water. Thanks.
Thank you for contacting the Toronto Master Gardeners with your question.
8 foot cedars in the middle of a run can be replaced with minimal damage to surrounding members but it also depends on how many roots can remain undamaged. Usually cedars of this size in a maintained hedge refrain from growing thicker lateral roots which spread out into neighboring cedars. They tend to have more fibrous surface roots and some thicker roots going deeper. This is the norm but also depends on soil conditions and how many year the cedars have existed there. If they have been there more than 3 years, you will likely have to dig down 3 to 4 feet for removal, and may have roots as thick as 4 inches in diameter.
If you are digging up a neighboring cedar, you would want to avoid digging and disturbing roots under the 'drip line' of the neighbor that you want to retain. So as you are digging and you find root that might travel out from the cedar you are removing into the drip line space of the neighbor, then use a lopper or pruner to cut the roots off, rather than digging into the space of the neighbor.
Also sometimes it is a good idea to gently tie up the surrounding tree you want to protect from wielding digging tools with a twine or burlap.
Here is some general information on growing healthy cedars from a few of our earlier posts:
Watering deeply and thoroughly (at least once or twice a week after planting, especially in these hot summer conditions) is key so that your cedars' roots can take hold and spread. This is much more effective than frequent spraying or light watering, and can be done easily by using a soaker hose along the base of the cedars for several hours to ensure that the moisture reaches into the roots of the plant. Watering should continue well into the autumn until the ground is frozen to maintain adequate moisture through the winter. Cold winter winds can desiccate the foliage – once the ground is frozen, your cedars cannot take up moisture to replace what is lost from their foliage.
Deep, thorough watering can also help the roots in the root ball to separate and penetrate into the soil after planting: plants that have been in their containers for some time can often be root bound – that is, their roots circle around the pot and are quite tightly packed. If you did not loosen, tease out, or separate the roots somewhat before planting, your cedars may be experiencing some stress as the roots move into the garden soil.
Fertilizing the hedge with a 30-10-10 formulation three times in the growing season (May, June and July) is appropriate. It is very important to follow exactly the directions for applying fertilizers so that they are absorbed into the soil and are able to reach the plant's roots. Don't fertilize in late summer as the hedge needs to prepare to go dormant for the winter.
Using a mulch over the roots ensuring that the mulch is kept at least 3 inches away from the trunk. This will help maintain a consistent level of moisture for root survival.
Good luck with your removals and replacements.


text:
With Carmen Mountain whitetail deer recently added to the roster of subspecies recognized by Safari Club International, more hunters are becoming interested in pursuing this elusive desert dweller before the record books fill up. Here's where you can find them, along with a look at the future of the subspecies:
The Carmen Mountain whitetail is named, not surprisingly, for the Sierra del Carmen range, which crosses the U.S.–Mexico border. The Carmen Mountains are located mainly in Texas; the highest point is Sue Peaks, in Brewster County, Texas, at over 5,800 feet above sea level.
The deer can be found on both sides of the Rio Grande, in Coahuila and Texas' Big Bend National Park.
Carmen deer are normally only found in certain mountain ranges, including the Burros (Coahuila, Mexico), Carmen (Texas and Coahuila), and Chisos, Chinati, Rosillos, Christmas, Del Norte, Vieja, or Dead Horse mountains (Brewster and Presidio Counties, Texas). They are rarely found below heights of 4,500 feet and tend to avoid flat ground.
The Chisos Mountains in Big Bend National Park are home to the largest, most stable population of Carmen whitetails in the U.S. The high altitudes provide a perfect environment: the highest peak in these mountains, Emory Peak, stands taller than 7,800 feet above sea level. The temperatures here rarely reach extremes, sometimes climbing into the 80s during the summer and rarely falling below 20 degrees Fahrenheit at the coldest point in the year.
At the moment, it's unclear if the mountain ranges in Texas, other than the Chisos, will be able to support these deer in the long run. Their need for free-standing water and dense vegetation at high altitudes leaves them with a very limited habitat, and predation, hunting, and competition with livestock could destroy these populations. Between the limited opportunities and the conservation issues, these mountains are less highly recommended than other destinations.
Predation is a serious issue for Carmen whitetails—mountain lion attacks are the leading cause of death for them. Coyotes and bobcats are also known to prey on them.
GSS represents excellent outfitters operating in Coahuila, in locations where the populations are larger and more stable than most U.S. locations. However, the effect of human interaction on the Carmen Mountain whitetail deer population is unclear. Their elevated habitat and small size may help limit local hunting pressure, and while competition with livestock can sometimes be problematic, ranches that introduce new water sources at high altitudes can be beneficial. As always, hunt within the mindset that hunting is applied conservation. For additional information on hunting this whitetail deer sub-species, please contact Rick Kennerknecht at Global Sporting Safaris at _PHONE_, Extension 702.


text: **Please note that Combined Honours degrees at Liverpool Hope University are split 50/50. This means both subjects will be studied equally.** **Art & Design History** Art and Design History is an exciting discipline that encompasses the study of visual artefacts, museum and gallery practices and the production and circulation of meaning around art and design. The Art and Design History combined honours degree **provides a systematic understanding of art and design practices** and theories with a strong emphasis on critical thinking. Exclusive partnerships with National Museums Liverpool and Tate Liverpool, plus close collaborations with FACT and Bluecoat Gallery and Display Centre, offer you **privileged access to important collections in Liverpool** and experts working in the field. There is also the possibility to participate in overseas study tours – in recent years the department has visited Amsterdam, Barcelona, Bilbao, Milan, Paris, Florence, Venice, Berlin and New York. Another distinctive element of this degree is the curriculum, which covers key developments in art and design history. Furthermore, students in the second and third year will take **'Professional Practice for Art and Design History'.** These courses look at theoretical approaches to museology, as well as more practical considerations such as conservation, exhibition planning and design, curatorial practices and educational activities. **Film & Visual Culture** Film and Visual Culture is an intellectually stretching, stimulating and challenging degree that probes social issues and confronts inequalities and prejudices such as race, class, and gender through their representation in national and international films throughout history. Critical practice on the degree enables you to **study the history, theory and contemporary subject of film**, whilst having the opportunity to apply this understanding to creative practice in the fields of **screenwriting, filmmaking (drama and documentary), photography and animation.** You will graduate with a degree underpinned by academic rigour, but with the transferable skills needed if you intend to work in the creative industries. The degree is **taught by leading international scholars and practitioners** and are supported by outstanding library resources and practical equipment. Extra curricula activities support the curriculum whilst widening critical and creative horizons. These include fieldtrips to the national Museum of the Moving image, and a London fieldtrip, which in recent years included a visit to the Media Department at the Ministry of Defence, and photographic exhibitions at Tate Britain.


Can a Disabled Person go to Jail
Can a Disabled Person go to Jail?
For the past five decades, America has fallen in love with the idea of mass incarceration. The prison population in this country has skyrocketed since the beginning of the drug war, and one of the main reasons the numbers have gone down recently is because of COVID-19.
We lock up a greater share of our citizens than any other developed nation on Earth, and we spend more than $80 billion annually to do it. When people are behind bars, they aren't prepared for their eventual release, and that has led to a recidivism rate of more than 60 percent.
America's criminal justice system has impacted every community across the country, and those hit particularly hard include communities of color, residents in high-poverty neighborhoods, and members of the LGBTQ community.
What is not often recognized is the impact of our failed criminal justice system on Americans with disabilities. All of this leads me to today's blog topic: Can a disabled person go to jail?
In this blog post I will cover the following topics:
 - Disabled individuals and the criminal justice system
 - Can someone in a wheelchair go to jail?
 - Can someone who is mentally handicapped go to jail?
Disabled individuals and the criminal justice system
As the prison population has continued to rise over the past fifty years, a number of state mental hospitals and other institutional facilities that serve people with disabilities have closed. This shift is commonly referred to as "deinstitutionalization," and it has resulted in the number of Americans in these kinds of facilities dropping from approximately 560,000 in 1955 to about 70,000 in 1994.
While this drop might appear to be a good thing, the closing of these facilities was not accompanied by the investment needed to make alternatives available, especially for those who suffer from mental health conditions.
According to the Center for American Progress, the result has been that people with disabilities are no longer living together in large numbers inside an institution, and they are instead being swept up into the criminal justice system. Oftentimes, it can be for an infraction as small as sleeping on a sidewalk.
The population of individuals with mental health conditions inside of America's prisons and jails is three times higher that those in state mental hospitals.
According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics, people in prison are nearly three times as likely to report having a disability as those in the free world, while those in jails are more than four times as likely.
Cognitive disabilities—such as Down syndrome, autism, dementia, intellectual disabilities, and learning disorders—are among the most commonly reported. According to the Bureau of Justice statistics, one in five prison inmates has a serious mental illness.
Can someone in a wheelchair go to jail?
In addition to those with mental health issues, there are also inmates in jail who are confined to a wheelchair. Many with terminal illnesses or chronic diseases are placed in a prison hospital where they have better access to medical care compared to a regular prison.
Inmates who are in wheelchairs don't get any kind of special treatment. However, at the prison I was in, a person in a wheelchair was assigned a "pusher," which was an inmate who had the job of pushing the inmate in the wheelchair to their medical appointments, the chow hall, and anyplace they needed to go.
I can't speak to whether or not all facilities are ADA compliant (I will assume they are not). But, I do know that inmates in wheelchairs are assigned a bottom bunk, and they have access to special restroom and shower facilities.
Inmates who can't take care of themselves get assistance from staff when it comes to things like taking showers, getting dressed, receiving medication, visiting the commissary, and utilizing the library.
According to the ACLU, recent court cases have "brought to light the serious violations of the rights of prisoners with physical disabilities. In March 2015, the Los Angeles Sheriff's Department settled a lawsuit brought by the ACLU of Southern California, agreeing to provide mobility devices and physical therapy for prisoners with mobility disabilities after horrifying incidents of neglect and abuse."
Neglect is only part of the story. Prisoners with physical disabilities are also at constant risk for placement in solitary confinement because of logistics, not for punishment.
Can someone who is mentally handicapped go to jail?
As I mentioned earlier, someone who is mentally handicapped can go to jail. And, it is becoming more and more common for those with mental issues to end up behind bars than in a hospital where they can receive treatment.
In a 1999 study for the California Policy Research Center, Professor Joan Petersilia concluded, "If a culture is measured by how it treats its weakest members, then the handling of people with cognitive disabilities in our criminal justice system reveals American justice at its basest."
A Bureau of Justice Statistics report also revealed that 30% of jail inmates reported having a cognitive disability. That's quite a huge jump compared to the general public, where less than 5% of people self-report a cognitive disability.
One of the theories as to why those with cognitive disabilities are getting locked up at a higher rate is that people with low IQ and other developmental disabilities can engender suspicion because they lack the necessary social cues that other adults understand. This can result in inappropriate responses from law enforcement.
Do you think disabled people should be incarcerated? Let us know in the comments below.
Disabled Behind Bars
Prisoners with disabilities are forgotten and neglected in America
Our Weakest Members: Developmentally Disabled People in the Criminal Justice System
About the Author Natalie


text:
Guide to Historic Hamilton
History of Bitterroot and Hamilton Told
Copper Kings and women in goat-drawn carts are part of the Bitterroot valley's past that come to life in the Montana Historical Society Press's A Guide to Historic Hamilton.
The book, written by Chere Jiusto of the Society's State Historic Preservation Office, is the fourth in the Press's Montana Mainstreets series.
The book includes a lively text, maps, and historic photographs of the town founded in 1890 by Cooper King Marcus Daly, whose Anaconda Company sawmill and private Bitter Root Stock Farm dominated the community through the late nineteenth century.
Like all the Mainstreets guides, Guide to Historic Hamilton provides an easy-to-read and understandable introduction to the history of a unique Montana community through a look at its historic buildings
The legacy of Hamilton's rich history can be seen in the Georgian-style Colonial-revival mansion built by Daly's wife Margaret, which is among the most magnificent homes in Montana; the collegiate Gothic-style Rocky Mountain Laboratory, where scientists battled against Rocky Mountain spotted fever; and dozens of other historical buildings and homes.
Alongside stories of Hamilton's well-known citizens are stories of people like Martha Reinkeh, who lived in the 1880s in what is believed to be the oldest house still standing in the town today.
Known by locals as a cantankerous eccentric, Reinkeh traveled in a goat-drawn cart until her goat was shot after butting a businessman through a store window.
Doug Johnson, director of the Daly Mansion, brought the community together on the project and helped raise money to fund it. Russ Lawrence, charter member of the Daly Mansion Preservation Trust, wrote an afterword for the book that focuses on the future of the community.
The 74-page book includes 44 historic photographs, 11 maps, and other illustrations and sells for $9.95, as do the other books in the series. It is available in bookstores or can be ordered directly plus shipping and handling by calling toll-free _PHONE_.


the following properties:
scripts
This can be an object or a function that returns an object. See the annotated example below for what this object can look like (and different ways to run them):
module.exports = {
 scripts: {
 default: 'echo "This runs on 'nps'"', // nps
 // you can assign a script property to a string
 simple: 'echo "this is easy"', // nps simple
 // you can specify whether some scripts should be excluded from the help list
 hidden: {
 script: 'debugging script',
 hiddenFromHelp: true,
 },
 test: {
 default: {
 script: 'jest', // nps test
 description: 'Run tests with jest',
 // your scripts will be run with node_modules/.bin in the PATH, so you can use locally installed packages.
 // this is done in a cross-platform way, so your scripts will work on Mac and Windows :)
 // NOTE: if you need to set environment variables, I recommend you check out the cross-env package, which works
 // great with nps
 },
 otherStuff: {
 // this one can be executed two different ways:
 // 1. nps test.otherStuff
 // 2. nps test.other-stuff
 script: 'echo "testing other things"',
 description: 'this is a handy description',
 },
 },
 // this one can be executed a few different ways:
 // 1. nps k
 // 2. nps kebab-case
 // 3. nps kebabCase
 'kebab-case': 'echo "kebab-case"',
 series: 'nps simple,test,kebabCase', // runs these other scripts in series
 },
}
nps k # runs nps kebab-case
options
This object is used to configure nps with the following options:
silent
Setting this to true will prevent nps from outputting anything for your script (normally you'll get simple output indicating the command that's being executed). This effectively sets the logLevel to disable.
logLevel
This sets the logLevel of nps.
ENV variables
LOG_LEVEL
By setting LOG_LEVEL environment variable you can control the log level for nps
Log level
Log levels available:
 - error - errors only
 - warn - errors and warnings only
 - info - info, errors, and warnings (default)
FAQ
How do I do ___ ?
Have you looked at the examples in other/EXAMPLES.md?
Why npm start?
Just to be clear: You do not have to use the start script. You can use whatever you like. But I recommend using the start. npm scripts are generally run with npm run <script-name>. There are some exceptions to this. For example:
 1. npm run test === npm test === npm t
 2. npm run start === npm start
So, while you could use a script called script and run npm run script build, I just think it reads more clearly to just use the start script and run npm start build. It's also nice that it's fewer things to type. You could also use the test script and then type even less: npm t build, but thats just... odd.
Note, often servers are configured to run npm start by default to start the server. To allow for this case, you can provide a default script at the root of your scripts which will be run when npm start is run without any arguments. Effectively this will allow you to have a script run when npm start is executed.
Inspiration
This was inspired by a tweet by @sindresorhus.
Thanks
Big thank you to @tmpvar for giving up the name nps! The original nps is now called npmsearch-cli.
Related Packages
 - nps-utils - a collection of utilities to make cross-platform scripts and many other patterns (like running concurrent/parallel scripts)
Other Solutions
 - scripty has a solution for this problem as well. The reason I didn't go with that though is you still need a line for every script (one of the pains I'm trying to solve) and a each script requires its own file (one of the benefits of npm scripts I wanted to keep).
 - nabs is a compiler that turns a nicely structured YAML file into script entries in your package.json
FAQ
What happened to p-s?
This project is p-s! It was just renamed during a major version bump. There were a few breaking changes for this to happen and those are documented on the releases page.
Contributors
Thanks goes to these people (emoji key):
Kent C. Dodds
💻 📖 🚇 💡 📹 👀
David Wells
💻
Abhishek Shende
💻 ⚠
Rowan Oulton
💻 📖 ⚠
Gilad Goldberg
💻
Tim McGee
💻 📖
Nik Butenko
💡 💻
Tommy
🐛 💻 ⚠ 👀
Jayson Harshbarger
💡 👀
JD Isaacks
💻 ⚠
Christopher Hiller
👀
Robin Malfait
💡
Eric McCormick
👀 📖
Sam Verschueren
👀
Sorin Muntean
💻 ⚠ 📖
Keith Gunn
🐛 💻 ⚠
Joe Martella
🐛 💻 ⚠
Martin Segado
📖
Bram Borggreve
🐛 💻
Elijah Manor
📹
Ragu Ramaswamy
💻 ⚠ 🐛
Erik Fox
🐛
Aditya Pratap Singh
👀
bumbleblym
💻 📖
Islam Attrash
💻
JasonSooter
📖
Nate Cavanaugh
💻
Wissam Abirached
💻 ⚠
Paweł Mikołajczyk
💻 ⚠
This project follows the all-contributors specification. Contributions of any kind welcome!
LICENSE
MIT


text:
The Nuclear Industry Association Responds to North Wales Minister's emphasis on his commitment to Trawsfynydd site
06 March 2020
Today, North Wales Minister Ken Skates emphasised the Welsh Government's commitment to the Trawsfynydd site in Gwynedd, and its future potential in developing small modular reactors and other associated technologies.
In response, the Nuclear Industry Association's Chief Executive, Tom Greatrex, said:
"Nuclear energy provides the firm power the Committee on Climate Change shows is needed alongside intermittent wind and solar, to reduce our reliance on burning polluting gas to generate power and meet the increased demand for electricity required for a net zero future.
"The Welsh Government's commitment to Trawsfynydd is an important step towards not only reaching the UK's net zero emissions target by 2050, but also bringing prosperity to local communities.
"Just like Anglesey with the Wylfa Newydd project, Gwynedd stands to reap the economic, jobs and growth benefits from the opportunity in Wales to help reach net zero – adding to the 60,000 already directly employed in the UK's civil nuclear industry who are providing clean, reliable and constantly available electricity to power our future."


text:
Hitler's Nephew, Stalin's Daughter and Other Famous Defectors
Here are four defectors whose stories you won't soon forget.
1. Hitler's Nephew
© Hulton-Deutsch Collection/CORBIS
William Patrick Hitler was born in England to a German father, Alois Hitler, and an Irish mother, Bridget Dowling. When William was still a boy, his father moved back to Germany, but his mother refused to go, raising her son alone in England. Alois kept in touch with the family and so, when his famous Uncle Adolf rose to power, young William moved to Germany in the hopes that he would be given a high-profile job. After hounding him for months, Uncle Adolf agreed to give William a cushy position as long as he renounced his British citizenship and promised never to return home. Sensing something wasn't right, William went back to England and capitalized on his famous family by writing an article for Look Magazine called, "Why I Hate My Uncle."
The popularity of the story gave William and his mother (pictured above) the opportunity to travel to America as part of a lecture tour. While there, World War II broke out, and the two were essentially stranded in the United States.
Hoping to do his part in the war effort, Hitler asked for and received special permission from President Roosevelt to enlist in the U.S. Navy in 1944.
According to a newspaper story printed at the time, when he introduced himself at the draft office, the recruiter thought he was joking and responded with, "Glad to see you, Hitler. My name's Hess." a reference to Nazi leader Rudolf Hess.
William Hitler served valiantly in the war and received an honorable discharge in 1947. Then, he simply disappeared.
In 1998, author David Gardner went looking for Hitler's lost nephew and found that, after the war, William and his mother had become U.S. citizens and changed their name to Stuart-Houston. William started a successful medical laboratory business, got married, moved to Long Island, had four boys, and died in 1987. At one point during the interview, William's wife claimed that her sons made a pact never to have children—so the Hitler bloodline would end with them. The oldest son, Alexander Adolf Stuart-Houston, has denied that such a pact exists, though the men never married or had children.
2. The Littlest Defector
When the Polovchak family moved to Chicago from Soviet-controlled Ukraine in January 1980, they hoped to find the American Dream. However, it wasn't meant to be. After less than six months, the family decided to move back home. Well, most of the family did anyway. Young 17-year old Natalia and her 12-year old brother Walter were determined to stay in America. So just days before they were to board a plane, the siblings, with the help of family living in Chicago, filed for religious asylum, claiming they faced religious persecution in the Soviet Union due to their Baptist upbringing.
Because of Natalia's age, her parents couldn't legally make her come home. However, because Walter was still a minor, his parents asked for assistance from the Chicago Police Department to have their son returned to their custody. Under advisement from both the U.S. State Department and Immigration and Naturalization Service, the Chicago PD instead placed Walter in the care of the State of Illinois as a minor in need of supervision.
With their hands tied in the U.S., the rest of the Polovchak family went home without him, but they continued to fight for their son's return through political and legal channels. Before long, everyone from the Soviet Embassy, the FBI, the KGB, and the ACLU were embroiled in the controversial court cases that followed.
Sympathy for Walter caused the U.S. Government to intentionally drag its feet, stretching these court procedures out for six years in order to give Walter enough time to become a legal adult and decide for himself where he would like to stay. He was sworn in as an American citizen just a few days after his 18th birthday and still lives here today.
3. Stalin's Daughter
Svetlana Alliluyeva was born in 1926 to Nadezhda Alliluyeva and Soviet Premier Joseph Stalin. She was the youngest of Stalin's three children and his only daughter. Her mother died under suspicious circumstances when Svetlana was only six years old, leaving her in the care of nannies for much of her childhood, and only receiving occasional visits from her busy father.
While the two were never close, Stalin still had a forceful hand in his daughter's life, especially her love life. Although it wasn't the official reason, it's believed that Svetlana's first love was sent into exile because of their relationship. She later married another man, but even after the couple had a son and named him after Stalin, the Premier refused to meet his son-in-law.
She married again two years later, to Yuri Zhadanov, son of Stalin's second-in-command, Andrei Zhdanov, but the marriage didn't last. She met her next love, Brajesh Singh, in 1963, 10 years after her father's death. Although the two were never allowed to marry, they often referred to each other as husband and wife. Singh died three years later due to complications from various ailments, and Alliluyeva was allowed to take Singh's ashes to his family in New Delhi, India. With her first taste of freedom, Svetlana went to the United States Embassy and asked for political asylum.
After moving to America, she wrote her autobiography, Twenty Letters to a Friend, denouncing her father's regime and the Communist way of life. While here, she married William Wesley Peters, a top apprentice of Frank Lloyd Wright, and the couple had a daughter. After this marriage also ended in divorce, Svetlana and her daughter moved to the UK, then later back to the Soviet Union, where they were both, surprisingly, granted citizenship. However, they left again and bounced between the UK and the US throughout the 1980s and 90s.
She lived in obscurity until 2007, when filmmaker Lana Parshina tracked her down to record a series of interviews, resulting in the 2008 film, Svetlana About Svetlana. As of 2010, Joseph Stalin's only daughter lives in a retirement home in southern Wisconsin.
4. The Reluctant Communist
In 1965, to avoid deployment to Vietnam, U.S. Army Sergeant Charles Jenkins, stationed in South Korea, surrendered to a bewildered North Korean soldier. Jenkins thought he'd be sent to Russia and then returned to America as a part of a prisoner exchange, but instead, North Korea reported that he had asked for political asylum. In response, the U.S. branded him a traitor and issued a warrant for his arrest. With no way to communicate with the outside world to plead his case, Jenkins had little choice but to stay in North Korea.
Unlike other countries, North Korea did not provide an easy life for defectors. Jenkins was quarantined in a one-room house with other American defectors, where they received political indoctrination under constant threat of violence. In 1972, they were moved to separate homes, but life didn't get much better. Jenkins was assigned professions and given a small ration of food, but otherwise eked out an existence like everyone else. The violence continued as well, most notably when North Korean doctors held Jenkins down and, without anesthetic, removed a U.S. Army tattoo from his arm with a pair of scissors.
Hitomi Soga, a Japanese woman, was 21 years old when she met Jenkins in 1980. Hitomi had been kidnapped by North Korean agents to teach spies Japanese, and was later "given" to Jenkins as a wife to prevent him from "dirtying" the Korean bloodline. While their marriage was arranged - and despite a 20-year age difference – the two actually fell in love and had two daughters. At about the same time, Jenkins and other defectors were ordered to appear in a 20-hour propaganda film, Unsung Heroes, acting as villainous U.S. military leaders. When American intelligence acquired the film, it was the first time they could confirm that Jenkins was still alive.
Figuring they would never be allowed to leave, the Jenkins family made the best of their situation, suffering through the country's most difficult times in the 1980s and 90s. However, in 2002, their luck changed when North Korea admitted that Japanese civilians, like Hitomi, had been abducted. To make amends, abductees and their families were allowed to return to Japan. Jenkins was resistant – he feared North Korea was testing his loyalty, and worried about the American arrest warrant – but he was finally convinced to leave with his family in 2004. Once in Japan, Jenkins offered to have his marriage to Hitomi dissolved, figuring she had only stayed with him before because she had no choice. She refused.
To clear his conscience, on September 11, 2004, Jenkins, at the age of 64, put on his old Army uniform, and reported for duty at Camp Zama, a U.S. Army base near Tokyo. His 40-year absence marked the longest any American deserter had ever gone before turning himself in. Jenkins pleaded guilty to charges of desertion and aiding the enemy, but denied making disloyal statements (those charges were later dropped). Although he could have received life in prison, he was sentenced to 30 days in the brig and a


Overcoming Challenges as an Entrepreneur with Disabilities
Life isn't easy when it comes to being a Person with Disabilities (PWDs). Whether its access to public transport, doing sports, going to school, or many other things we take for granted, PWDs often face challenges due to their physical disabilities.
With the social stigma PWDs face everyday, securing a job is especially hard for them as society often views them as a burden or unable to contribute to the community. This has greatly impacted not just their livelihood, but their self-esteem as well, despite their individual talent and skills.
At PSC, we often work very closely with the PWD community as we believe they have the ability to create opportunities for themselves. Through our partnership with Maybank Foundation, the Reach Independence & Sustainable Entrepreneurship (R.I.S.E) program is an Entrepreneurship program that aims to empower the marginalised community, particularly the PWDs, to increase their own income by running their own businesses.
Since 2014, we're constantly inspired by their determination and achievement in becoming successful business owners. Here's how we've seen them overcome their challenges as an entrepreneur.
1. Becoming Mentally Positive
Everyone has their own insecurities, and this is especially true for PWDs. Imagine being told you cannot do certain things because of your physical challenge for so many years and bearing negative remarks by so many people. Its a demotivating thought which often prevents most people in that mental state to even believe they can succeed.
At PSC, we first aim to change that thought through our Awareness and Change module. Participants are taught to change their mindset and FLIP their negative thoughts into positive ones. Through this exercise alone, we've seen many PWDs become motivated in their cause and often they would be able to find ways to work through their challenges.
2. Finding Ways to Work WITH Your Disability
Everybody has their own strengths and weaknesses. And that's why even PWDs need to find ways that could complement their current skills and talent. With a positive attitude, anyone could find something they can do, and use it to their full potential.
We've seen a blind participant become an expert at body massages, a woman with Osteoporosis become a makeup guru, a wheelchair-bound person running a restaurant AND a tailoring business, and even a spinal cord injury victim becoming a specialist at modifying cars for others with disabilities.
Through their determination and strengths, we're inspired by their will to overcome their disabilities and use it to their advantage!
3. Hire People to Help
Running a business doesn't have to be a one-man show. For entrepreneurs with disabilities, teamwork is essential to a business' success.
As a thriving business owner, we've seen participants' confidence in themselves grow, often forgetting about their physical lack which helps them to hire others and eventually lead a team.
With the success of their growing business, we've seen participants create jobs for their community where fellow PWDs are given jobs and even able bodies individuals are also employed by them. This in turn has helped increase efficiency in the business operations as well as expanding the business.
4. Learn Proper Techniques as an Entrepreneur
Like any other business owner, knowledge is power and that's what we equip our participants with. Through our entrepreneurship program, participants are taught essential topics that can be easily implemented into their businesses such as the Blue Ocean theory, Sales Strategies, Customer Analysis, Customer Value Proposition, Financial Management and more.
With the proper training and mentoring, we've seen participants with disabilities soar through the success of their businesses. As a PWD, this is especially encouraging when they are given the right opportunity.
As an entrepreneur with disabilities, being physically challenged is not an issue in becoming a successful business owner. At PSC, we strongly believe that anyone with the right mindset and proper training has the chance of creating their own opportunities.
To learn more about our programs and how YOU can make a significant change in the world, email us at _EMAIL_
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Removing an element from a building up to 3 storeys high doesn't require a building consent if the structure, specified systems and fire separations remain unaffected.
Subject to section 42A of the Building Act, Schedule 1 exempts the following from a building consent:
The removal of a building element from a building that is not more than 3 storeys, provided that the removal does not affect:
(a) the primary structure of the building; or
(b) any specified system; or
(c) any fire separation.
This exemption was inserted in response to the partial demolition of buildings that had to be undertaken to allow repairs to damaged buildings after the Canterbury earthquakes of 2010/2011.
It applies to the removal of a building element (eg a chimney or roof, including cladding) rather than to the complete demolition of a building.
This exemption is limited to any building up to 3 storeys high as long as the removal does not affect the primary structure, any specified system or any fire separation (which includes firewalls protecting other property).
Note that any repair work associated with removing a building element can be done under exemption 1 (repairs, maintenance, and replacement). For example, removing an external chimney will require the making good of the gaps left in the wall and roof claddings.
All new building work must comply with the Building Code, including with its structural performance requirements. Also note that, on completion of the building work, the altered building must comply with the Building Code to at least the same extent as it did before the building work was undertaken.
If you are considering building work that is close to or involves potentially load-bearing walls, it is important to get professional advice (eg from a chartered professional engineer, registered architect, building consultant or registered building surveyor).
|Removing all non-load-bearing masonry walls (internal and external) in a 3 storey commercial building, except those that are fire separations.
|A home owner proposes to reduce the likelihood of earthquake damage to his house by completely removing a brick chimney located on an external wall. A designer inspects this and advises the owner that the chimney building element is independent of the house's primary structure.
|A building owner wishes to demolish the upper portion of a chimney (ie above the roof) of a redundant fireplace so as to reduce possible property damage in the event of an earthquake.
|A home owner wishes to completely demolish an internal masonry chimney between the dining and living rooms. A builder inspects the roof space and finds that the chimney is load-bearing as it supports some of the roof rafters and ceiling joists. As removing the chimney will affect the primary structure of the house, the proposed building work will require a building consent.
|An owner of a 3 storey office and retail building wants to reduce the risk of injuring office occupants on the middle floor in any future earthquake. He proposes to entirely remove the suspended ceiling grid which supports the heavy fibrous plaster tiles and expose the underside of the upper floor slab. Since the building has a heat detection emergency warning system, the proposed removal of the building element (ie the suspended ceiling) will affect this specified system. Therefore a building consent will be required to do this work.


Home / FAQ
What makes the Rocky Talkie different from other radios?
The Rocky Talkie is designed for athletes to push their limits in the outdoors. Unlike the fragile plastic belt clips of other radios, our radio easily secures to backpacks and harnesses using an ultra-light carabiner. For extreme terrain, a back-up leash is included to prevent drops. We find that this system is the difference between actively using the radio and keeping it in a backpack for emergencies.
In addition to the convenience offered, the Rocky Talkie includes a shatterproof LED screen (no-glass) and a thermoplastic covering to protect the electronics. The radio is ready to use out of the box and requires zero configuration. The electronics are simple and reliable - we cut out all of the superfluous radio features that kill battery life. The radio has 5 buttons that are easy to understand and still support the critical advanced features (such as privacy codes to prevent outside interference).
What is the usable range of a Rocky Talkie?
What is the battery life of a Rocky Talkie?
Can I use my Rocky Talkie with other radios?
Can I use a different charger to charge my radio?
How will cold weather effect my Rocky Talkie?
What sports are the radios recommended for?
Is the radio waterproof?
How can I change between high and low power?
How long does it take to charge a Rocky Talkie?
Are the accessories safe to climb with?
My radio is on but won't transmit?


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How important is it to seal electrical outlets against air leakage? Despite the tireless efforts of energy analysts and product manufacturers, nobody will ever come up with a truly valid answer to this question. One obstacle is that finding the "average" air leakage through electrical outlets is like trying to calculate the average size of rocks. Research reports and published pie charts show that air leakage through outlets can account for 15% to 25% or more of the total air infiltration in a house. But common sense tells us that the amount of air that flows through electrical outlets must depend on the tightness of the exterior sheathing and siding, the wall insulation, and the number of unsealed wiring holes


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The mission of the Syracuse Refugee Agricultural Program (SyRAP) is to increase self-sustainability and decrease food insecurity by providing refugees and immigrants with the agricultural resources they need to provide culturally appropriate food to the refugee and immigrant communities in Central New York. This is being done through a training program for refugees who are interested in growing their own food and/or starting a farm business. Farmers go through ESOL, agriculture, gardening, marketing, and business training to learn what it takes to work in agriculture in Central New York.
There are two facets to the SyRAP Program: the Community Gardens and the Incubator Farm. One of the biggest challenges facing refugee farmers is access to transportation and land. To solve this problem, SyRAP has three community gardens located on the Northside of Syracuse that are near many of the farmer's homes. The locations are 120 Seward Street, 131 Steuben Street, and 2033/2035 Lodi Street. In these community gardens individuals have one or two raised beds to grow their own food close to their home.
SyRAP farmers additionally have access to two Incubator Farms at the Salt City Harvest Farm in Kirkville, NY and Matthew 25 Farm in Lafayette, NY. There are incubator plots on the land at these partner farms where farmers can manage ⅛ acre – 1 acre farm plots. Farmers determine what will be grown on this land and what farming practices to utilize based on their own farming knowledge and the classes farmers go through. After the second year of the program, farmers have the opportunity to sell vegetables if they want to at the CNY Regional Market or through other marketing channels.
Recently, RISE has started a meat goat farm. There is a lack of accessible, affordable, and culturally appropriate meat for many of RISE's clients in the greater Syracuse area. Through this farm individuals can select a whole goat and butcher it according to their cultural and religious preferences. In addition, this program offers a workforce development program for individuals in the refugee and immigrant community to learn about goat husbandry and starting a business. At the end of the grant, the farm will be handed over to one of the program participants and that individual will run the business.


AU Biomaterials Design Lab:Protocols/Autoclave
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< AU Biomaterials Design Lab:Protocols
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An autoclave is a piece of equipment that is used for sterilization. In this lab, we primarily use the autoclave to prepare broth and flasks for bacterial protein expression. The autoclave that we use is located in Beeghly 314. There are directions posted on the wall in this room for proper use of the autoclave. We follow the directions for "Wet Samples".
 - Make certain that there is enough water in the reservoir before you begin.
 1. Turn the power on
 2. Turn the black knob to fill. This fills the chamber with water.
 3. Let water continue to fill the chamber until it reaches the line at the front of the chamber.
 4. Turn the black knob to STE (short for "sterilize").
 5. Load your media into the autoclave chamber. (Note: 2 2.8L Fernbach Flasks can be loaded into the chamber)
 6. Close the autoclave door and seal it shut.
 7. Set the temperature knob just to the right of 121F.
 8. Turn the timer knob to 50 minutes.
 9. After the 50 minutes have elapsed, wait 30 minutes until the pressure drops back to atmospheric pressure.
 10. Turn the black knob to Off.
 11. Use gloves to unload your sterilized material.
Personal tools


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The policeman stopped the car driver for regular control, the speed limit on the highway section was 120km / h, he legitimized the driver and asked him a few routine questions:
POLICEMAN: How long were you driving today?
DRIVER: I left Zagreb at 5.45 a.m. this morning.
POLICEMAN: Now it's exactly 10 a.m. From Zagreb you have crossed 510 km. It's very tedious.
DRIVER: No, not at all, because I like fast driving. After two hours of driving I made 20 minutes break, besides that I was stuck in traffic jam for another 20 minutes, and the rest of the ride went well.
POLICEMAN: (He paused and seemed to think), when he reached the conclusion, he told the driver: 'I think your driving this time will cost you a lot'.
The task: Understand the words of the Policeman!
Explanation: The time the driver came from Zagreb to the stop where the stop was:
10h – 5h and 45 min = 4h and 15min. What turned into hours is 4.25 h.
From that time on, he stood for 40 minutes (resting), which, when he had spoken in the hours:
40 min = (40: 60) h = 0.66 h.
From the data it can be seen that the driver was actively driving:
4.25 h – 0, 66 h = 3.6 h;
The length of the road that has so far switched is 510 km, the average speed with which the driver is driving can be calculated from the ratio:
Conclusion: The speed which is allowed to travel is 120km / h, so it is clear that the driver has exceeded the permitted speed. It is clear that the Policeman wanted to punish a driver for failure to comply with traffic regulations. Only what is not clear is that the Policeman so quickly came to the conclusion that the driver made a violation?


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Boston University's Department of the History of Art & Architecture is hosting a symposium featuring five late-stage doctoral candidates and recent postgraduates (within three years of defending) in the field of African American art history on November 11-12, 2022. The symposium will feature presentations on recent research, networking opportunities, and a concluding roundtable. This program is committed to advancing the connection and collaboration between diverse members of the Boston University community and emerging scholars of African American visual art, material culture, and architecture. The Present Coordinates: African American Art History symposium will provide honoraria and travel expenses for the panelists to travel to Boston.
Early-career scholars are invited to submit proposals for 45-minute research presentations on a topic of their choosing. Proposals may engage the current state of the field of African American art history; consider innovative and interdisciplinary methodologies; or investigate alternative frameworks and unstudied artists. Full details about proposals, which are due May 15, can be found here: _URL_


.. _videoInputPSNRMSSIM: Video Input with OpenCV and similarity measurement ************************************************** Goal ==== Today it is common to have a digital video recording system at your disposal. Therefore, you will eventually come to the situation that you no longer process a batch of images, but video streams. These may be of two kinds: real-time image feed (in the case of a webcam) or prerecorded and hard disk drive stored files. Luckily OpenCV threats these two in the same manner, with the same C++ class. So here's what you'll learn in this tutorial:.. container:: enumeratevisibleitemswithsquare + How to open and read video streams + Two ways for checking image similarity: PSNR and SSIM The source code =============== As a test case where to show off these using OpenCV I've created a small program that reads in two video files and performs a similarity check between them. This is something you could use to check just how well a new video compressing algorithms works. Let there be a reference (original) video like :download:'this small Megamind clip <../../../../samples/cpp/tutorial_code/HighGUI/video-input-psnr-ssim/video/Megamind.avi>' and :download:'a compressed version of it <../../../../samples/cpp/tutorial_code/HighGUI/video-input-psnr-ssim/video/Megamind_bugy.avi>'. You may also find the source code and these video file in the :file:'samples/cpp/tutorial_code/HighGUI/video-input-psnr-ssim/' folder of the OpenCV source library... literalinclude::../../../../samples/cpp/tutorial_code/HighGUI/video-input-psnr-ssim/video-input-psnr-ssim.cpp :language: cpp :linenos: :tab-width: 4 :lines: 1-14, 28-29, 31-205 How to read a video stream (online-camera or offline-file)? =========================================================== Essentially, all the functionalities required for video manipulation is integrated in the :hgvideo:'VideoCapture ' C++ class. This on itself builds on the FFmpeg open source library. This is a basic dependency of OpenCV so you shouldn't need to worry about this. A video is composed of a succession of images, we refer to these in the literature as frames. In case of a video file there is a *frame rate* specifying just how long is between two frames. While for the video cameras usually there is a limit of just how many frames they can digitalize per second, this property is less important as at any time the camera sees the current snapshot of the world. The first task you need to do is to assign to a :hgvideo:'VideoCapture ' class its source. You can do this either via the :hgvideo:'constructor ' or its :hgvideo:'open ' function. If this argument is an integer then you will bind the class to a camera, a device. The number passed here is the ID of the device, assigned by the operating system. If you have a single camera attached to your system its ID will probably be zero and further ones increasing from there. If the parameter passed to these is a string it will refer to a video file, and the string points to the location and name of the file. For example, to the upper source code a valid command line is:.. code-block:: bash video/Megamind.avi video/Megamind_bug.avi 35 10 We do a similarity check. This requires a reference and a test case video file. The first two arguments refer to this. Here we use a relative address. This means that the application will look into its current working directory and open the video folder and try to find inside this the *Megamind.avi* and the *Megamind_bug.avi*... code-block:: cpp const string sourceReference = argv[1],sourceCompareWith = argv[2]; VideoCapture captRefrnc(sourceReference); // or VideoCapture captUndTst; captUndTst.open(sourceCompareWith); To check if the binding of the class to a video source was successful or not use the :hgvideo:'isOpened ' function:.. code-block:: cpp if (!captRefrnc.isOpened()) { cout << "Could not open reference " << sourceReference << endl; return -1; } Closing the video is automatic when the objects destructor is called. However, if you want to close it before this you need to call its :hgvideo:'release ' function. The frames of the video are just simple images. Therefore, we just need to extract them from the :hgvideo:'VideoCapture ' object and put them inside a *Mat* one. The video streams are sequential. You may get the frames one after another by the :hgvideo:'read ' or the overloaded >> operator:.. code-block:: cpp Mat frameReference, frameUnderTest; captRefrnc >> frameReference; captUndTst.open(frameUnderTest); The upper read operations will leave empty the *Mat* objects if no frame could be acquired (either cause the video stream was closed or you got to the end of the video file). We can check this with a simple if:.. code-block:: cpp if( frameReference.empty() || frameUnderTest.empty()) { // exit the program } A read method is made of a frame grab and a decoding applied on that. You may call explicitly these two by using the :hgvideo:'grab ' and then the :hgvideo:'retrieve ' functions. Videos have many-many information attached to them besides the content of the frames. These are usually numbers, however in some case it may be short character sequences (4 bytes or less). Due to this to acquire these information there is a general function named :hgvideo:'get ' that returns double values containing these properties. Use bitwise operations to decode the characters from a double type and conversions where valid values are only integers. Its single argument is the ID of the queried property. For example, here we get the size of the frames in the reference and test case video file; plus the number of frames inside the reference... code-block:: cpp Size refS = Size((int) captRefrnc.get(CV_CAP_PROP_FRAME_WIDTH), (int) captRefrnc.get(CV_CAP_PROP_FRAME_HEIGHT)), cout << "Reference frame resolution: Width=" << refS.width << " Height=" << refS.height << " of nr#: " << captRefrnc.get(CV_CAP_PROP_FRAME_COUNT) << endl; When you are working with videos you may often want to control these values yourself. To do this there is a :hgvideo:'set ' function. Its first argument remains the name of the property you want to change and there is a second of double type containing the value to be set. It will return true if it succeeds and false otherwise. Good examples for this is seeking in a video file to a given time or frame:.. code-block:: cpp captRefrnc.set(CV_CAP_PROP_POS_MSEC, 1.2); // go to the 1.2 second in the video captRefrnc.set(CV_CAP_PROP_POS_FRAMES, 10); // go to the 10th frame of the video // now a read operation would read the frame at the set position For properties you can read and change look into the documentation of the :hgvideo:'get ' and :hgvideo:'set ' functions. Image similarity - PSNR and SSIM ================================ We want to check just how imperceptible our video converting operation went, therefore we need a system to check frame by frame the similarity or differences. The most common algorithm used for this is the PSNR (aka **Peak signal-to-noise ratio**). The simplest definition of this starts out from the *mean squad error*. Let there be two images: I1 and I2; with a two dimensional size i and j, composed of c number of channels... math:: MSE = \frac{1}{c*i*j} \sum{(I_1-I_2)^2} Then the PSNR is expressed as:.. math:: PSNR = 10 \cdot \log_{10} \left( \frac{MAX_I^2}{MSE} \right) Here the :math:'MAX_I' is the maximum valid value for a pixel. In case of the simple single byte image per pixel per channel this is 255. When two images are the same the MSE will give zero, resulting in an invalid divide by zero operation in the PSNR formula. In this case the PSNR is undefined and as we'll need to handle this case separately. The transition to a logarithmic scale is made because the pixel values have a very wide dynamic range. All this translated to OpenCV and a C++ function looks like:.. code-block:: cpp double getPSNR(const Mat& I1, const Mat& I2) { Mat s1; absdiff(I1, I2, s1); // |I1 - I2| s1.convertTo(s1, CV_32F); // cannot make a square on 8 bits s1 = s1.mul(s1); // |I1 - I2|^2 Scalar s = sum(s1); // sum elements per channel double sse = s.val[0] + s.val[1] + s.val[2]; // sum channels if( sse <= 1e-10) // for small values return zero return 0; else { double mse =sse /(double)(I1.channels() * I1.total()); double psnr = 10.0*log10((255*255)/mse); return psnr; } } Typically result values are anywhere between 30 and 50 for video compression, where


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5
THE LAND SPEED RECORD – THE BEGINNING OF THE INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE ERA
We continue the land speed record series with the beginning of the thermal engine supremacy. The electric or steam powered cars were blown away by the internal combustion engine and the rocket engines.
After the Stanley Steamer, the land speed record was set by Ernest Arthur Douglas Eldridge in a Fiat Mefistofele. He reached 243.97km/h and it was the last land speed record set on open road. You can see the Mefistofele in the picture below (source)
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The Mefistofele had straight six cylinder 21.7 liters engine that produced 320 bhp. Talking about an economical engine…
In 1926, Sir Henry O'Neil de Hane Segrave reached 245.149 km/h in a Sunbeam Tiger. Segrave was the first one to hold the land speed record and the water speed record at the same time. You can see the Sunbeam Tiger in the picture below. (source)
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The Sunbeam Tiger looked like the Mefistofele but it had a smaller more punchy engine. The Sunbeam had a 4 liter V12 supercharged engine producing 306 bhp. It was a little bit less than the Mefistofele but the car was a little bit lighter and the land speed record isn't very far from the Italian car either.
The next month, Sir Henry's record was beaten by J.G. Parry-Thomas, who reached 273.6 km/h in the car named Babs.(source)
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The Babs was powered by a single 27 liters V12 Liberty Aero engine that produced 450 bhp. The car featured a sleek body with an aero-shaped tail for stability. In a later attempt of reaching a new record, J.G. Parry-Thomas died in 1927, sadly becoming the first driver to die trying to set a new land speed record.
In 1927, Segrave set yet another record, driving a Sunbeam 1000 HP Mystery nicknamed The Slug. You can see The Slug in the photo below. (source)
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It would appear that the record-setting car had an ironic name, because The Slug was powered by two Sunbeam Matabele 22.4 liter aircraft engines producing something about 900 bhp. It was the first car that reached the infamous 320 km/h or 200 mph milestone.
In 1928, Ray Keech set the land speed record of 334.019 km/h at Daytona Beach in something called White Triplex, which you can see below. (source)
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The White Triplex was a huge thing, but then again, it needed to be. It was powered by three 27 liters Liberty Aero engines. In total, the engine had 36 cylinders, 81 liters and a claimed power of 1500 bhp. A year after setting the record in the White Triplex, Ray Keech died in a car accident. Talking about irony…
In 1929, Sir Segrave set hist last land speed record, again at Daytona Beach, reaching 372.46 km/h in the Golden Arrow. (source)
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The Golden Arrow was powered by a 23.9 liters W12 Napier Lion aeroengine that produced 925 bhp. He topped Keech's previous record by a whopping 40 km/h proving that size isn't everything. We do agree that he proved size isn't everything in a W12 24 liter 925 bhp powered car, but anyway…
That's it for today, we'll continue next week with more land speed record information !
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Some frog species, such as Kassina maculata (red-legged running frog), use an asynchronous walking/running gait as their primary locomotor mode. Prior comparative anatomy work has suggested that lateral rotation of the pelvis improves walking performance by increasing hindlimb stride length; however, this hypothesis has never been tested. Using non-invasive methods, experimental high-speed video data collected from eight animals were used to create two three-dimensional kinematic models. These models, each fixed to alternative local anatomical reference frames, were used to investigate the hypothesis that lateral rotation of the mobile ilio-sacral joint in the anuran pelvis plays a propulsive role in walking locomotion by increasing hindlimb stride length. All frogs used a walking gait (duty factor greater than 0.5) despite travelling over a range of speeds (0.04–0.23 m s−1). The hindlimb joint motions throughout a single stride were temporally synchronized with lateral rotation of the pelvis. The pelvis itself, on average, underwent an angular excursion of 12.71° (±4.39°) with respect to the body midline during lateral rotation. However, comparison between our two kinematic models demonstrated that lateral rotation of the pelvis only increases the cranio-caudal excursion of the hindlimb modestly. Thus, we propose that pelvic lateral rotation is not a stride length augmenting mechanism in K. maculata.
|Date made available||1 Jan 2019|