text:
Vehicles destined for demolition and recycling activities contain important quantities of electric wiring (the current average is of about 25 kg per vehicle); these quantities will increase with the implementation of further electric and electronic devices in modern vehicles and with the arrival of hybrid and electric power systems. The performance of the automotive wiring is high and it is expected to exceed 50-55% in the metal/insulation ratio. Stokkermill has created a series of technical measures and innovations that allow the processing of automotive wiring and the recovery of the contained copper. The Stokkermill CL system allows all types of automotive cable to be processed without removing glue and adhesives present within them, thank to an automatic system that neutralizes adhesive components and components contaminated with oil and grease. In the lines with the pre-grinder, the particular design of the rotor allows to process the wiring without the need of removing the ferrous parts within it (connections, plugs, anchoring systems, etc.), which are removed and separated from the recycling line without the intervention of the operator. These devices make the recycling of car cables highly profitable as they greatly reduce the need for manual intervention in the preparation of the material to be treated. The final screening systems allow to obtain high quality of output copper without the contamination of plastic and other metals.
Equipmet for wire harness recycling :
Wire granulator :
Copper shredder single-shaft shredder :
Industrial shredder twin-shaft shredder :
Aluminum shredder single-shaft hydraulic shredder :
Cable Stripper :
Video of wire harness recycling plant M150 :


text:
The Keris Bali Surapati is an extraordinary keris made in the nineteenth century in Bali, Indonesia. This ancient Balinese keris features the dapur Surapati, which in Java is called 'Pasopati'. It has a straight blade that still is in excellent condition considering the fact that it was made almost two hundred years ago.
On the surface of the blade, we can see the distinctive pamor pattern named 'Gubet Udan Mas'. This pamor motif represents golden rain drops, which symbolize the upcoming change of events that will bring windfall luck and fortune. A keris which has a pamor pattern of the 'udan mas' variety, is often classed as a top range pusaka item worth a lot of money. Moreover, the esoteric powers of this type of pamor are believed to be extremely powerful. Hence, the magical aspects of a keris featuring pamor Udan Mas are known to bestow upon the owner numerous blessings of good luck, and will provide the opportunities for increasing one's riches.
The hilt of this keris is made in traditional Balinese style; the word 'danganan' is used for the name of this kind of hilt. It is the original danganan hilt, and is carved in the form of the Hindu Monkey God Hanoman. Also, there are traces of the aging process visible on the surface of the hilt, indicating its authenticity.
Thus, the Keris Bali Surapati is an invaluable collector's item for one who seeks an ancient Balinese heirloom keris ('pusaka'), which, at the same time, serves as a mystical means to increase one's financial status and wealth.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Runtime Verification audits Blockswap's Stakehouse protocol
Runtime Verification is thrilled to announce Blockswap's Stakehouse protocol audit completion. Stakehouse is a programmable staking layer allowing users to register a consensus layer validator and mint tokens representing the validator's balance. The user's initial stake is minted partly as dETH, with more being minted when the validator earns rewards, and partly as SLOT, which represent management rights of the validator and carry risk of being slashed if the validator is penalized.
The audit scope covers the Solidity source code of Blockswap labs — Stakehouse protocol smart contracts. Some of the main functionalities implemented in the contracts consist of:
- Registering a KNOT (a validator in the protocol).
- Reporting an increase in a KNOT's balance in the Beacon Chain due to validator rewards or a decrease due to penalties (and minting or slashing the corresponding tokens).
- Moving a KNOT between indices.
- Withdrawing or depositing dETH into the open index.
- Topping up SLOT that has been slashed by paying ETH.
- Recovering a KNOT's signing key.
- Rage-quitting a KNOT, enabling the staked ETH for withdrawal.
A detailed explanation of the different functionalities just mentioned can be found in Blockswap's documentation.
Due to limited time and the extensive list of contracts covered, the core contracts were prioritized during the audit process following discussions with the Blockswap team. A detailed list of all the audited contracts can be found in the report.
The audit only covered Solidity source code contracts and it excluded any deployment and upgrade scripts, off-chain codebase and client-side portions of the codebase, as well as the security of the cryptography underlying the Common Interest Protocol used to recover the signing key.
Runtime Verification conducted a combination of design review and manual code review for a period of 11 weeks, and published a detailed report on March 27th, 2022.
The first step consisted of using a Solidity-like pseudocode to build a high-level model of key parts of the protocol. This model was used to get a better understanding of the protocol and its behavior based on the documentation and other resources provided by the Blockswap team, and to make it easier to observe how different operations would modify the protocol's state and which properties should hold during the protocol's operation.
A manual code review was then performed to identify scenarios where the code didn't function in the way the model expected it to, as well as to look for common security vulnerabilities.
Working together with the Blockswap team, certain aspects of the protocol which were of particular concern were singled out, and a pen-and-paper analysis was carried out to identify issues and potential risks in implementation. Additionally, a series of changes were proposed that could lead to an improvement of the protocol's performance and security in certain areas.
Finally, various tools were run against the code to analyze certain parts of the protocol, aiming to either identify scenarios where desirable properties of the protocol were violated or develop confidence that these properties were maintained. When it was not practical to run these tools on the code itself, they were run on a modified version of the high-level model.
The audit identified and highlighted some issues along with a number of informative findings. The Blockswap team addressed all the issues and concerns raised during the audit and incorporated all the necessary changes in the smart contracts. Code changes were not part of the scope; however, the team conducted a lightweight best-effort review of a limited number of changes.
Users interested in a more detailed and technical explanation about the findings can go over the full report in our GitHub repository.
Blockswap is a permissionless web3 infrastructure layer for multichain composable ETH. This ETH is superfluid, doesn't require an intermediary, doesn't require a bridge, is capital efficient, and provides yield singularity with native blockchain cryptographic security. Multichain composable ETH is a new primitive for interoperability between blockchains, L2/rollups, and end users. Blockswap's protocols introduce the new standard of tooling to build multichain and yield capturing protocols.
About Runtime Verification
Runtime Verification is a technology startup based in Champaign-Urbana, Illinois. The company uses formal methods to perform security audits on virtual machines and smart contracts on public blockchains. It also provides software testing, verification services and products to improve the safety, reliability, and correctness of software systems in the blockchain field.


text:
Manufacturing Engineering and Technology
Manufacturing Engineering and Technology is the study of the planning, organisation and operation of manufacturing methods, processes, facilities and systems.
The main purpose of this narrow field of education is to develop an understanding of the design, selection, development and operation of manufacturing processes and systems, and the planning, control and management of production functions.
Courses in Narrow Field 0301 Manufacturing Engineering and Technology develop skills in:
- assembly and joining
- operating manufacturing systems to produce a product
- printing technology and production
- textile technology and production
- wood product technology and production
This narrow field comprises the following detailed fields:
- Manufacturing Engineering
- Textile Making
- Garment Making
- Footwear Making
- Wood Machining and Turning
- Cabinet Making
- Furniture Upholstery and Renovation
- Furniture Polishing
- Manufacturing Engineering and Technology, n.e.c.
Thinking about a job in this field?
Check out the courses available in this field at various Australian universities and alternative study pathway options. If you'd like to speak with someone, discuss with your Career Advisor at school, or contact the Indigenous Education Unit at any of the Australian Universities, and they'll be able to offer advice on available local information and student support services.


87
I want to get the type of a variable at runtime. How do I do this?
119
So, strictly speaking, the "type of a variable" is always present, and can be passed around as a type parameter. For example:
val x = 5
def f[T](v: T) = v
f(x) // T is Int, the type of x
But depending on what you want to do, that won't help you. For instance, may want not to know what is the type of the variable, but to know if the type of the value is some specific type, such as this:
val x: Any = 5
def f[T](v: T) = v match {
 case _: Int => "Int"
 case _: String => "String"
 case _ => "Unknown"
}
f(x)
Here it doesn't matter what is the type of the variable, Any. What matters, what is checked is the type of 5, the value. In fact, T is useless -- you might as well have written it def f(v: Any) instead. Also, this uses either ClassTag or a value's Class, which are explained below, and cannot check the type parameters of a type: you can check whether something is a List[_] (List of something), but not whether it is, for example, a List[Int] or List[String].
Another possibility is that you want to reify the type of the variable. That is, you want to convert the type into a value, so you can store it, pass it around, etc. This involves reflection, and you'll be using either ClassTag or a TypeTag. For example:
val x: Any = 5
import scala.reflect.ClassTag
def f[T](v: T)(implicit ev: ClassTag[T]) = ev.toString
f(x) // returns the string "Any"
A ClassTag will also let you use type parameters you received on match. This won't work:
def f[A, B](a: A, b: B) = a match {
 case _: B => "A is a B"
 case _ => "A is not a B"
}
But this will:
val x = 'c'
val y = 5
val z: Any = 5
import scala.reflect.ClassTag
def f[A, B: ClassTag](a: A, b: B) = a match {
 case _: B => "A is a B"
 case _ => "A is not a B"
}
f(x, y) // A (Char) is not a B (Int)
f(x, z) // A (Char) is a B (Any)
Here I'm using the context bounds syntax, B : ClassTag, which works just like the implicit parameter in the previous ClassTag example, but uses an anonymous variable.
One can also get a ClassTag from a value's Class, like this:
val x: Any = 5
val y = 5
import scala.reflect.ClassTag
def f(a: Any, b: Any) = {
 val B = ClassTag(b.getClass)
 ClassTag(a.getClass) match {
 case B => "a is the same class as b"
 case _ => "a is not the same class as b"
 }
}
f(x, y) == f(y, x) // true, a is the same class as b
A ClassTag is limited in that it only covers the base class, but not its type parameters. That is, the ClassTag for List[Int] and List[String] is the same, List. If you need type parameters, then you must use a TypeTag instead. A TypeTag however, cannot be obtained from a value, nor can it be used on a pattern match, due to JVM's erasure.
Examples with TypeTag can get quite complex -- not even comparing two type tags is not exactly simple, as can be seen below:
import scala.reflect.runtime.universe.TypeTag
def f[A, B](a: A, b: B)(implicit evA: TypeTag[A], evB: TypeTag[B]) = evA == evB
type X = Int
val x: X = 5
val y = 5
f(x, y) // false, X is not the same type as Int
Of course, there are ways to make that comparison return true, but it would require a few book chapters to really cover TypeTag, so I'll stop here.
Finally, maybe you don't care about the type of the variable at all. Maybe you just want to know what is the class of a value, in which case the answer is rather simple:
val x = 5
x.getClass // int -- technically, an Int cannot be a class, but Scala fakes it
It would be better, however, to be more specific about what you want to accomplish, so that the answer can be more to the point.
 - The example code you wrote after "But this will:" is confusing. It compiles but the result is not the one you show in the comments. Both calls return the same result: "A is a B". Because the value 5 is both an instance of Int and an instance of Any. Apart from that, your explanation was perfect :) – Readren Jul 18 '16 at 9:06
 - @Readren The value isn't tested for, the class is. Int is Any, but Any is not Int. It works on Scala 2.10, and it should work on Scala 2.11, and I don't know why it isn't. – Daniel C. Sobral Jul 18 '16 at 23:39
 - 1
 It scares me to contradict an eminence like you, but the code a match { case _: B => ... test the type of the actual value of the variable a, not the type of the variable a. You are right in that it returns what you say in scala 2.10.6. But it should be a bug. In scala 2.11.8 the type of the actual value is tested, as it should. – Readren Jul 19 '16 at 19:02
 - @Readren You are right. – Daniel C. Sobral Jul 20 '16 at 20:55
 - Very nice coverage on differences between ClassTag and TypeTag, just what I was looking for. – marcin_koss Mar 13 '17 at 2:13
41
I think the question is incomplete. if you meant that you wish to get the type information of some typeclass then below:
If you wish to print as you have specified then:
scala> def manOf[T: Manifest](t: T): Manifest[T] = manifest[T]
manOf: [T](t: T)(implicit evidence$1: Manifest[T])Manifest[T]
scala> val x = List(1,2,3)
x: List[Int] = List(1, 2, 3)
scala> println(manOf(x))
scala.collection.immutable.List[Int]
If you are in repl mode then
scala> :type List(1,2,3)
List[Int]
Or if you just wish to know what the class type then as @monkjack explains "string".getClass might solve the purpose
17
If by the type of a variable you mean the runtime class of the object that the variable points to, then you can get this through the class reference that all objects have.
val name = "sam";
name: java.lang.String = sam
name.getClass
res0: java.lang.Class[_] = class java.lang.String
If you however mean the type that the variable was declared as, then you cannot get that. Eg, if you say
val name: Object = "sam"
then you will still get a String back from the above code.
 - 3
 You can also do name.getClass.getSimpleName for a more readable output – David Arenburg Sep 19 '16 at 12:14
13
i have tested that and it worked
val x = 9
def printType[T](x:T) :Unit = {println(x.getClass.toString())}
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text:
It's entirely possible for a city to completely run out of water. Eventually the water table dissipates and your pumping stations run dry. There's a couple of ways you can work around this, ensuring your city will always have a clean water supply.
Rain, water from shorelines and sewage treatment plants will all slowly replenish the water table. The best option is to build a water pump next to your sewage treatment plant. The sewage treatment plant will replenish the water table as fast as the water pump is depleting it, thus providing the effect of infinite water. Make sure you're using a filtration pump module, otherwise you run the risk of pumping germ infested, polluted water to your Sims.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
End statistics with hammer
- 2+: Ends where the team scored at least two points (i.e. the team was able to capitalize the hammer).
- 1: Ends where the team scored one point (i.e. opponent forced the team to take only one point with hammer).
- 0: Ends that the team blanked with hammer.
- Steal: Ends where the opponent scored at least one point (i.e. opponent stole points without hammer).
End statistics without hammer
- Steal: Ends where the team scored at least one point (i.e. the team managed to steal points without hammer).
- 0: Ends where the opponent blanked the end with hammer.
- 1: Ends where the opponent scored one point (i.e. the team managed to force the opponent to take only one point with hammer).
- 2+: Ends where the opponent scored at least two points (i.e. the opponent managed to capitalize the hammer).
- Result avg: Average result (points for - points against)
- Hammer avg: Averate points / end in those ends where the team played with hammer.
- Without hammer avg: Average points / end where the team played without hammer.
- Hammer value: Describes the value of hammer to the average points the team scored in an end.
Remarks about statistics
Apart from the result average, last end scores have been ignored in those cases where the losing team scored points. The purpose of this is to clean the data from distortions so the statistics would describe how teams have played in "normal" situations.
Example: the winning team has given a steal of one point in the last to guarantee a victory. This end has been ignored because the situation in the game is not "normal"

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Manningtree is an attractive small town on the banks of the River Stour, close to the border with Suffolk. It is believed by many to be the smallest town in England, although there is some dispute around the claim. It is thought that the name derives from "Two-Trees".
Manningtree became popular during the wool trade of the 15th century, along with other Essex and Suffolk towns such as Colchester, Lavenham and Long Melford. After the decline of the wool trade it developed as a port, and there was also some ship building.
The High Street which runs parallel to the River Stour is lined with a range of timber framed buildings many of which have Georgian fronts. On the Market Cross in the High Street is a sculpture of the Manningtree Ox, mentioned by William Shakespeare in Henry IV Part 1 when young Prince Henry is teasing the overweight Falstaff.
There are a number of pubs and restaurants and a few shops on the High Street. But do explore the streets either side of the High Street as there some interesting buildings hidden away.
The River Stour marks the border between the counties of Essex and Suffolk. As it flows past Manningtree it is tidal, and it is popular with both sailors and fishermen (and swans). The river narrows and heads towards nearby Flatford, where it was regularly painted by John Constable.
The most famous Manningtree resident (if you don't count Margaret Thatcher) was Matthew Hopkins, the self styled 'Witchfinder General'. He accused hundreds of women across the East of England of being witches. He was active between the years of 1645 and 1647, a time of great political and social upheaval in England. He lived in Manningtree and nearby Mistley. He accused many local women of witchcraft, Some were imprisoned in Colchester and sent to Chelmsford for trial. However a group were hung on The Green just behind the High Street. For those interested in the macabre its still an atmospheric place to stand. If you are interested in Matthew Hopkins, Josie, one half of Essex Days Out, leads guided walks of Manningtree and Mistley which include stories of Matthew Hopkins.
Getting there and getting around.
The railway station is on the mainline London Liverpool Street to Norwich line, and the intercity trains stop there, as do trains to and from Ipswich and Harwich. The railway station at Manningtree is on the outskirts of the town, but it's just a short walk from the station to the town centre and then on to the River Stour and Mistley.
By road Manningtree is easily accessible via the A120 taking the turning at Horsley Cross when travelling from either London or Harwich. For a more scenic and historic route you can reach Manningtree from Colchester via the Harwich Road (A137) from the town centre (keep an eye open for a giant strawberry by the roadside as you leave Ardleigh).
A stroll along The Walls, as the banks of The Stour are known at this point, from Wherry Corner to adjoining Mistley is very popular at all times of the year. There are excellent views across the river to the foreign lands of Suffolk and it is also an excellent spot for bird watching, and taking photographs.
Manningtree is on the edge of the Dedham vale Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. It is good walking country, taking you across countryside made famous by the artist John Constable, and along the banks of the River Stour.
A popular walk is from Manningtree to Flatford, whee you can stop for refreshments in the National Trust Bridge Cottage Tearoom and take in the scenes made famous by Constable in some of his paintings, before returning to Manningtree, or you can continue your walk on to Dedham and East Bergholt.
If you arrive by train you're only a few minutes away from lovely countryside – either heading towards Mistley and Wrabness (and 'Julie's House') to the east, or around Constable Country to the west. If you drive with your bike on a rack, park up in the public car park outside The Co-operative Store and head out into the countryside.


text:
In computer science and logic, a dependent type is a type that depends on a value. Dependent types play a central role in intuitionistic type theory and in the design of functional programming languages like ATS, Agda and Epigram.
An example is the type of n-tuples of real numbers. This is a dependent type because the type depends on the value n.
Deciding equality of dependent types in a program may require computations. If arbitrary values are allowed in dependent types, then deciding type equality may involve deciding whether two arbitrary programs produce the same result; hence type checking may become undecidable.
The Curry–Howard correspondence implies that types can be constructed that express arbitrarily complex mathematical properties. If the user can supply a constructive proof that a type is inhabited (i.e., that a value of that type exists) then a compiler can check the proof and convert it into executable computer code that computes the value by carrying out the construction. The proof checking feature makes dependently typed languages closely related to proof assistants. The code-generation aspect provides a powerful approach to formal program verification and proof-carrying code, since the code is derived directly from a mechanically verified mathematical proof.
 Systems of the lambda cube
Henk Barendregt developed the lambda cube as a means of classifying type systems along three axes. The eight corners of the resulting cube-shaped diagram each correspond to a type system, with simply typed lambda calculus in the least expressive corner, and calculus of constructions in the most expressive. The three axes of the cube correspond to three different augmentations of the simply typed lambda calculus: the addition of dependent types, the addition of polymorphism, and the addition of higher kinded type constructors (functions from types to types, for example). The lambda cube is generalized further by pure type systems.
 First order dependent type theory
The system of pure first order dependent types, corresponding to the logical framework LF, is obtained by generalising the function space type of the simply typed lambda calculus to the dependent product type.
Writing for -tuples of real numbers, as above, stands for the type of functions which given a natural number n returns a tuple of real numbers of size n. The usual function space arises as a special case when the range type does not actually depend on the input, e.g. is the type of functions from natural numbers to the real numbers, written as in the simply typed lambda calculus.
 Second order dependent type theory
The system of second order dependent types is obtained from by allowing quantification over type constructors. In this theory the dependent product operator subsumes both the operator of simply typed lambda calculus and the binder of System F.
 Higher order dependently typed polymorphic lambda calculus
The higher order system extends to all four forms of abstraction from the lambda cube: functions from terms to terms, types to types, terms to types and types to terms. The system corresponds to the Calculus of constructions whose derivative, the calculus of inductive constructions is the underlying system of the Coq proof assistant.
 Object-oriented programming
|Language||Actively developed||Paradigm[fn 1]||Tactics||Proof terms||Termination checking||Types can depend on[fn 2]||Universes||Proof irrelevance||Program extraction||Extraction erases irrelevant terms|
|ATS||Yes||Functional / imperative||No||Yes||Yes||?||?||?||Yes||?|
|Cayenne||No||Purely functional||No||Yes||No||Any term||No||No||?||?|
|Coq||Yes||Purely functional||Yes||Yes||Yes||Any term||Yes[fn 5]||No||Haskell, Scheme and OCaml||Yes|
|Dependent ML||No[fn 6]||?||?||Yes||?||Natural numbers||?||?||?||?|
|Epigram 2||Yes||Purely functional||No||Coming soon[dated info]||By construction||Any term||Coming soon[dated info]||Coming soon[dated info]||Coming soon[dated info]||Coming soon[dated info]|
|Guru||No||Purely functional||hypjoin||Yes||Yes||Any term||No||Yes||Carraway||Yes|
|Idris||Yes||Purely functional||Yes||Yes||Yes (optional)||Any term||No||No||Yes||Yes, aggressively|
|Matita||Yes||Purely functional||Yes||Yes||Yes||Any term||Yes||?||OCaml||?|
|NuPRL||No||Purely functional||Yes||Yes||Yes||Any term||Yes||?||Yes||?|
|Twelf||Yes||Logic programming||?||Yes||Yes (optional)||Any (LF) term||No||No||?||?|
 See also
- This refers to the core language, not to any tactic or code generation sublanguage.
- Subject to semantic constraints, such as universe constraints
- Ring solver
- Optional universes, optional universe polymorphism, and optional explicitly specified universes
- Universes, automatically inferred universe constraints (not the same as Agda's universe polymorphism) and optional explicit printing of universe constraints
- Has been superseded by ATS
- Anton Setzer (2007). "Object-oriented programming in dependent type theory". In Henrik Nilsson. Trends in Functional Programming, vol. 7. Intellect. pp. 91–108.
- "Agda download page".
- "Agda Ring Solver".
- "Announce: Agda 2.2.8".
- "ATS Changelog".
- "email from ATS inventor Hongwei Xi".
- "Coq CHANGES in Subversion repository".
- "Epigram homepage".
- "Guru SVN".
- Aaron Stump (6 April 2009). "Verified Programming in Guru". Retrieved 28 September 2010.
- Adam Petcher (1 April 2008). "Deciding Joinability Modulo Ground Equations in Operational Type Theory". Retrieved 14 October 2010.
- "Idris git repository".
- "Idris, a language with dependent types - extended abstract".
- Edwin Brady. "How does Idris compare to other dependently-typed programming languages?".
- "Matita SVN".
- "Xanadu home page".
 Further reading
- Martin-Löf, Per (1984). Intuitionistic Type Theory. Bibliopolis.
- Nordström, Bengt; Petersson, Kent; Smith, Jan M. (1990). Programming in Martin-Löf's Type Theory: An Introduction. Oxford University Press.
- Barendregt, Henk (1992). "Lambda calculi with types". In S. Abramsky, D. Gabbay and T. Maibaum. Handbook of Logic in Computer Science. Oxford Science Publications.
- McBride, Conor; McKinna, James (January 2004). "The view from the left". Journal of Functional Programming 14 (1): 69–111.
- Altenkirch, Thorsten; McBride, Conor; McKinna, James (April 2005). Why dependent types matter.
- Norell, Ulf. Towards a practical programming language based on dependent type theory. PhD thesis, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden, September 2007.
- Oury, Nicolas and Swierstra, Wouter (2008). "The Power of Pi". Accepted for presentation at ICFP, 2008.
- Norell, Ulf (2008). Dependently Typed Programming in Agda.


Archive for September, 2011
September 23rd, 2011
VB6 Data logger example program RS232 serial communication
Introduction of VB6 Data Logger Program:-
This is the second of data logger project using PIC18f452. In the previous post we have discussed the hardware of data acquisition system and now in this post we will learn how we can develop a simple data logger to log the process inputs using visual basic VB6.
Following components are used in this project:-
1. Text box
2. Command buttons
3. Com control for serial communication.
Steps to develop a simple program in VB6 for serial communication:-
1. Open a new project and using standard exe in vb6.
2. select text box and drag and drop it on form, re-size it and change with following properties of text box in properties section. (a) enable the multi-line , (b) in text property delete the text1.
3. drag and drop two commands button and change their caption in property section by "Connect" and "Disconnect"
4. Go toll bar, click on project, open component addition menu, find Ms-comm Control 6, and add this to left component section.
5. Drag and drop the MsComm on the form any where.
6. Copy and paste the following code in the code section of the project, compile and enjoy.
Photograph of the Data logger:-
Code (program) in VB6:-The VB6 code for the data logger is as under:-
Private Sub Command1_Click()
If (MSComm1.PortOpen = False) Then
MSComm1.PortOpen = True
End If
Command1.Enabled = False
Command2.Enabled = True
End Sub
Private Sub Command2_Click()
If (MSComm1.PortOpen = True) Then
MSComm1.PortOpen = False
End If
Command1.Enabled = True
Command2.Enabled = False
End Sub
Private Sub Form_Load()
With MSComm1
.CommPort = 5
.RThreshold = 1
.RTSEnable = True
.Settings = "9600,N,8,1″
.InputLen = 127
.SThreshold = 1
End With
End Sub
Private Sub Form_Unload(Cancel As Integer)
If (MSComm1.PortOpen = True) Then
MSComm1.PortOpen = False
End If
End Sub
Private Sub MSComm1_OnComm()
Dim Buffer As String
Select Case MSComm1.CommEvent
Case comEvReceive
'Text1.Text = " "
Buffer = MSComm1.Input
Text1.Text = Text1.Text & Buffer
End Select
End Sub
September 23rd, 2011
PIC18f452 serial Data acquisition for Temperature Monitoring
Introduction of Data Logger Project:-
This is project is about the construction of simple data logger using PIC microcontroller PIC18f452 and Visual basic-6 VB6.
The project is consist of two posts:
1. In the first post, we will discuss the Hardware of Data acquisition Unit and the programming of PIC Microcontroller PIC18f452.
2. The second post will be about the development of PC side code, the Data logger is designed and developed using Visual basic VB6 programming language.
Hardware of Data acquisition Unit:-
This is a simple example project for the understanding of how data loggers and data acquisitions systems works. Students can design the project their won after reading the post.
Componenets List:-
The components used in this Project are as follows:-
1. The heart of the data acquisition (DAQ )is PIC18f452 microcontroller
2. Crystal used is 20MHz
3. Capacitors used are 20pF
4. Push buton for manual reset
5. Liquid crystal Display LCD 2 line 20 Characters
6. LM35 the analog temperature sensor
7. variable resistor 10K ohm to set the contrast of LCD
8. 10K ohm pull up resistor
9. 5V DC regulated power supply
Features of Data acquisition Unit:-
1. The PIC18f452 have 8 buitin analog to digital converters ADC of 10 bits resulations. So we have used only one builtin ADC to convert the analog signals of Temperature from LM35.
2. Only one analog Temperature sensor LM35 is used to sense the temperature.
3. The software is written to take the average of 10 consective readings of ADC for smooth monitoring of temperature.
4. The measured temperature is display on LCD.
5. the progress of sampling is also shown on LCD.
6. The average value of temperature is then transmitted to PC using serial communication through RS232 port at 9600 buad rate with setting 9600,N,8,1.
Circuit diagram of Data acquisition Unit:-
Data logger PIC18f452 Temperature Display and RS232 serial transferSoftware of Data acquisition Unit:-
The program for PIC18f452 is written in proton basic language and listing is as under.
'****************************************************************
'* Name : Temperature_data_logger.BAS *
'* Author : Dr.Rana *
'* Date : 22/9/2011 *
'* Version : 1.0 *
'* Notes : This is simple program for PIC18f452 *
'* : The LM25 sensor is connected to PIC452 *
'* The temperature measured is transfered to PC via *
'* serial port RS232 for temerature data logger *
'****************************************************************
Device = 18F452
Xtal=20 ' The crystal frequency is 20MHZ
LCD_DTPin PORTD.4 ' LCD is conected to PIC18f452 using four bit mode
LCD_RSPin PORTD.3
LCD_ENPin PORTD.2
Adin_Res 10 ' Set the resolution to 10
Adin_Tad FRC ' Choose the RC osc for ADC samples
Adin_Stime 100 ' Allow 100us for charge time
ADCON1 = %_PHONE_ ' Set PORTA analog and right justify result
Input PORTA.0
TXSTA.5=1 ' setting Transmit Enable Bit
RCSTA.7=1
RCSTA.4=1
Hserial_Baud 9600 ' Setting Baud rate
Dim raw_adc_conversion As Word
Dim temperature As Float
Dim x As Byte
Print Cls
Print At 1,1,"T.Logger"
Loop:
raw_adc_conversion=0
For x=0 To 9
raw_adc_conversion = raw_adc_conversion + ADIn 0
DelayMS 200
Print At 1,10,"Samp.", Dec x
Next x
raw_adc_conversion = raw_adc_conversion/10
temperature = (5/1023) * raw_adc_conversion
temperature = temperature * 100
'1 degree centigrade for every 10mV
Print At 2,2,"Temp:", Dec temperature ,"C"
HRSOut Dec temperature,13,10
DelayMS 1000
GoTo Loop
September 20th, 2011
Proton Basic code example for PIC18f452 counter project
PROTON BASIC UP and DOWN Counter PROJECT with RESET USING PIC Microcontroller PIC18f452
Introduction of counter Project:-
This is a simple microcontroller project build for a Up and Down Counter with Reset of counts facility.
In this project PIC18f452 is used for processing and this device is the heart of the project. A 2 line 20 character General purose LCD is used as basic display of the counter.
In this project three push button are used as inputs of counter, but any TTL signal provider ciruit cn be interfaced which uses IR,LDR,phototransistor or optocoupler as input. Because this counter can be used any where, to counts any object passing through a certain location. This counter project counts up to _PHONE_ counts.
Thus this counter project is suitable where we have to counts any large number of objects.
Parts of the Counter Project:-
This counter project is based on a very few components which are listed as follows:-
1. The heart of the counter project is PIC18f452 (1Nos)
2. Liquid Crystal Display LCD ( 2 line 20 Characters 1Nos)
3. crystal 4MHz (1Nos)
4. Capacitor 20pF (2Nos)
5. Push Buttons (4 Nos)
6. Resistors (10K ohm 4Nos)
7. variable resistor (10K ohm 1 Nos)
A regulated power supply of +5V DC is required to make this project operational.
Circuit Diagram of Counter Project:-
Below is the circuit diagram of counter using PIC18f452 PIC Microcontroller and LCD.
Main Features of Up and Down Counter:-
The object counter based on PIC Microcontroller have following three basic inputs.
 1. Up button for increment the nuber of


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What is in this article?:
- Minimize Heat Damage, Spoilage, Fuel Consumption When Drying Corn
- Reduce possibility of heat damage
Even though drying conditions are excellent now, some producers may be faced with drying high-moisture or immature corn this fall. To minimize spoilage during drying, do not use natural air or low-temperature drying for corn with moisture contents of more than 21%, according to Ken Hellevang, North Dakota State University Extension Service grain drying expert. Natural air drying doesn't work well in late fall because the air's drying capacity is extremely poor at temperatures below about 35° F.
When outdoor temperatures average near or below freezing, Hellevang recommends cooling the corn to 20-25° F for storage this winter and finishing drying in early April. Natural air drying is the most energyand cost-effective method of drying at that point.
Limit the corn depth to about 20-22 ft. to obtain the proper airflow rate for drying. An airflow rate of 1-1.25 cubic ft./minute (cfm)/bushel is necessary to dry the corn before deterioration occurs. Turn fans off during extended periods of rain, snow or fog to minimize the amount of moisture the fans pull into the bin.
Adding heat doesn't help dry wetter corn and increases drying speed only slightly. The primary effect of adding heat is reducing the corn's moisture content unless you use a stirring device.
If high-temperature drying, use the maximum drying temperature that won't damage the corn. That increases the dryer's capacity (bushels dried per hour) and reduces energy use. Removing a pound of water will require about 20% less energy at a drying air temperature of 200° F than at 150° F. Follow the dryer company's recommendation, but generally, drying temperatures should be 210-230° F.
"Be aware that excessively high drying temperatures may result in a lower final test weight and increased breakage susceptibility," Hellevang warns. "In addition, as the drying time increases with high-moisture corn, the corn becomes more susceptible to browning."


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Eric - ايريك
Arabic Calligraphy design for
«Eric - ايريك»
Name meaning: The given name Eric, Erik, or Erick is derived from the Old Norse name Eiríkr (or Eríkr in Eastern Old Norse due to monophthongization). The first element, eiis derived either from the older Proto-Norse *aina(z), meaning "one, alone, unique", as in the form Æinrikr explicitly, or from *aiwa(z) "everlasting, eternity". The second element -ríkr stems either from *ríks "king, ruler" (cf. Gothic reiks) or from the therefrom derived *ríkijaz "kingly, powerful, rich, prince". The name is thus usually taken to mean "sole ruler, autocrat" or "eternal ruler, ever powerful".
The most common spelling in Scandinavia is Erik. In Norway, another form of the name (which has kept the Old Norse diphthong) Eirik is also commonly used. In Finland, the form Erkki is also used. The modern Icelandic version is Eiríkur, while the modern Faroese version is Eirikur. Éric [eʁik] is used in French, and in Germany Eric, Erik and Erich are used.[ًWikipedia]
Eric, Erik, Erick - ايريك


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Birao climate guide, Central African Republic
Welcome to the Birao climate guide, which shows average weather for Birao, Central African Republic. Check maximum temperature, the number of days with rainfall and daily hours of sunshine for each month of the year.
Birao climate guide: quick links
Maximum temperature (°C) in Birao
Days with some rain in Birao
Hours of sunshine in Birao
The Birao climate guide is provided by Weather2Travel.com. For more information about the weather in Birao, Central African Republic including monthly rainfall, mininum temperature, UV maximum, heat & humidity and daylight hours visit the Central African Republic climate guide page.


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|This article does not cite any references or sources. (February 2011)|
The Venus symbol (♀) is a depiction of a circle with a small cross below it. The symbol is historically associated with the Roman goddess Venus or the Greek goddess Aphrodite. It has a Unicode designation of U+2640, and is used in various media to represent things associated in some way with the mythological character, including:
- The female sex
- The planet Venus
- The chemical element copper
- Feminism in philosophy and sociology
- The female connector in a pair of mating connectors or fasteners
It is also believed by some to represent a hand mirror, with the top half of the symbol representing the actual mirror, and the bottom half representing the handle of the mirror.


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PGM to OpenSCAD surface
by sawdusty, published
PGM to OpenSCAD surface by sawdusty Apr 17, 2013
Thing Info
4731Views 638Downloads
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Summary
This is a quick and (very) simple Python script to read data from an ASCII format PGM (portable gray map) file and convert it to a "surface" data file for OpenSCAD.
You will need Python (written for v2.7), and numpy to run it, but it's quick to convert. You will need OpenSCAD to utilize the output of this script.
Instructions
Unlike a certain other "lithopane" thing, this is not limited to a small image size. However, you must be able to convert your original photo to a PGM file. You can do that quite easily with either IrfanView or with ImageMagick. I'm sure there are a dozen (at least) other tools that can do this too, but you need to make sure the PGM file is ASCII formatted (not binary) and that is has no (0) compression.
Steps:
1) Edit your digital image, then convert to PGM.
2) Run this script with Python 2.7 like this:
python pgm2surf.py myImage.pgm myImageSurf.dat
3) In OpenSCAD, use the "surface" command to import the DAT file, like this:
surface(file = "c:/myCoolStuff/myImageSurf.dat", center = false, convexity = 10);
Notes:
1) The surface is flipped both top to bottom and left to right when you create the surface in OpenSCAD. You can plan accordingly by editing your image in the photo editor before creating the PGM file.
2) There is a "depth" value in this script that reduces the heights of the surface values. I've set it to 0.03 after several trials, but you might want to play with that value, depending on your purpose for the surface. A value of 0.5 yields a surface that has a very high relief from the highest point to the lowest. It might be good if you want to create a mold of the image.
The depth value can be set as the last argument on the command line when calling the script, like this:
python pgm2surf.py myImage.pgm myImageSurf.dat 0.5
3) For a "cookie cutter" type mold, you want to "invert" your photo (create the negative) before creating the PGM file. Try it and see.
4) My apologies to Linux users, the typical python directive is missing from the top of the script. Please add it if you need it.
(BTW, the image example shown above is from a photo taken just after my parents' wedding, 50 years ago. They celebrated their 50th anniversary last week. Happy Anniversary! Now immortalized on the Internet.)
UPDATE:
While trying to get OpenSCAD to generate an STL file from the surface data, I found that it crashes... more often than not. The problem seems to be the number of vertices in the generated surface. I've been successful in generating an STL from a surface as large as 162 x 200 (pixels in the PGM file) but anything large crashes OpenSCAD. YMMV. (Yes, that means the example image I showed is very unrealistic... oops!)
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Any tip on how to add a frame and a hanging hole in OpenSCAD? I can't figure it out...
I think the easiest way to add a smooth frame around a surface would be to edit the image before you generated the PGM file. Add a gray border around the image in your photo editor. The darker the gray tone, the higher the frame will be. If you want a thin (light) frame, make it lighter gray. If you added some white circles in the border then you'd have a starting point for drilling mounting holes too. If that doesn't help, then you'll need to learn to use the difference() function in OpenSCAD.
My apologies on the (glacially) slow reply. I think the PGM file might not be in the format recognized by the Python code. That's about the best guess I have without knowing more about your input file and how it was created.
Some programs that generate PGM files will add comments in the beginning of the file, and they might not be handled well. It's no stretch to say that this code would not exit gracefully in that situation.
Is there a public repository for this code, to be able to follow and fork?
No, I haven't thought about adding the code for this to a public repository. I have not had time to work on this again, though some recent interesting activity in Thingiverse has made me want to get back to it.
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Fair Trade - National
For the third year in a row, together, we have exceeded our goals for the National Valentine's Day of Action.
This year's goal: Educate 3,500 children and youth about Fair Trade by Valentine's Day, using Global Exchange's Fair Trade curriculum, providing students with a deep learning experience about Fair Trade, starting many families on a lifetime of interest and involvement in the Fair Trade movement.
And now…the numbers are in!
The results: Educators taught the curriculum to 3,870 students in the US; participants were spread over 22 states, from Kentucky to Washington State and Nebraska to Maine. Some educators from outside the US also reported in that they taught an additional 207 students about Fair Trade in the UK, Australia, Canada, and Puerto Rico. Moreover, social justice clubs at one high school used Global Exchange's curriculum and pooled their resources to create a brochure that they distributed to 1,800 students at their school with Fair Trade chocolate minis.
Grand total: 5,877 youth educated about Fair Trade as part of the National Valentine's Day of Action
(Because not all classrooms report their participation, the actual numbers are probably higher.)
THANK YOU to all of you who helped make the National Valentine's Day of Action a huge success by referring teachers to the curriculum and teaching about Fair Trade in your classrooms!
Please be part of educating even more students next year, by telling educators about the curriculum today! The curriculum can be downloaded at _URL_
|_URL_||Unsubscribe from this list|


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Chris Timson Posted March 6, 2005 Share Posted March 6, 2005 Hi all, There has recently been a discussion on melodeon.net about the antiquity (or lack of) of the D/G melodeon, which of course nowadays is the dominant melodeon system in England. It makes interesting reading (and includes a contribution from our resident polymath, Stephen). Here is the nub of it:- Reply to : mitch the bass Some years ago I asked Peter Kennedy to relate the story of the introduction of D/G melodeons into England as his name always seems to come up.He said something like:In the 1950s most melodeons were based in C with either F or G as a second row and the half row, often in the club format, to give more chromaticity. He was collecting songs and tunes in Northumberland and found strangely that much of the repertoire played by fiddlers in particular was of Irish origin and in G or D and sometimes A. He investigated and found that an anomolous reception of Radio Eirrean (sp) occurred in the NE and local players were picking up Irish tunes for their repertoire from the radio. Now Irish melodeon players had adopted chromatic instruments based on C with either B or C# as a second row to enable them to play in other keys but this was not generally popular in England and the local melodeon players couldn't join in with this repertoire. So to help local melodeon players Peter arranged for Hohner to produce a batch melodeons in G/D, I believe that they were stocked and distributed by Bells of Surbiton and the EFDSS shop. Howard, This would fit in with what I have found out on the subject, though I hadn't heard the story about players in Northumberland before (and most Irish accordion players had yet to solve the problem of playing in what they would term "concert pitch"). Certainly Peter Kennedy seems to have been behind the general introduction of the system, though I have been told that it originated with a couple of players on Dartmoor who had had their accordions converted to play in D/G. However, I can take the introduction by Peter Kennedy back a few years earlier, as the following announcement appeared in "English Dance & Song" for March 1949 (Vol. XIII, No. 2): The New E.F.D.S. Club Melodeon The Society have been fortunate in securing a licence from the Board of Trade for a limited number of Club Melodeons, to be sold only to Members of the Society for Folk Dance work. These instruments are to be manufactured by Hagstroms, at Darlington, and will cost about £19. Many members have already placed their orders for these instruments, and it is suggested that any more people who want to order one should write to the Sales Department as soon as possible . . . These particular melodeons ordered by the Society have Italian reeds keyed in G and D ; these keys are considered the most useful for Folk Dance work . . . . PETER KENNEDY Due to post-war rationing and import restrictions, not to mention that German and Italian manufacturing needed to get going again after the war, it was not possible to buy a new accordion in Britain until the Swedish manufacturers Hagstrom's set up a factory in Darlington (and my friend Nils Nielsen came with them as a young tuner)in the late '40's. It was not possible to buy a new Hohner accordion until about 1951 and they seem to have soon started to supply models in D/G (hence Reg Hall bought the first one from the second batch, about 1953). However, it is perhaps significant to note that a 1957 article (Playing for Dancing - III ; What you can do with the Melodeon, by Roger Marriott) in English Dance & Song (Vol. XXI, No. 4) doesn't even mention the system, so it was still not well known amongst players at that stage. Stephen Now I am aware that the G/D system for the anglo hasn't been around for all that long, and that most of what are, are conversions and retunes. But I would be very interested to know what the history actually is. - Was it around before the 1950s? - If not, when did it first appear? - Who introduced it? The rapid rise to dominance of the D/G melodeon in English music hasn't been paralleled by the G/D anglo, there are plenty of C/G players around, but it is now a very popular system. As a G/D player myself I would be very interested in whatever history it has. TIA Chris Sounds like a job for Stephen... Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
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A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Simms, William Gilmore
|←Sigourney, Mrs. Lydia||A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature by
Simms, William Gilmore
Simms, William Gilmore (_PHONE_). -- Novelist, etc., b. at Charleston, South Carolina, began his literary life with journalism. He then for some time tried poetry, but without any distinct success except occasionally in Southern Passages and Pictures (1839). But in fiction, which he began in 1833 with Martin Faber, he was more successful, though rather an imitator of Cooper. The Yemassee (1835) is generally considered his best novel. He was less happy in his attempts at historical romance, such as Count Julian and The Damsel of Darien. During the war, in which he was naturally a strong partisan of the South, he was ruined, and his library was burned; and from these disasters he never recovered. He hadpage 345 a high repute as a journalist, orator, and lecturer. He was the first Southerner to achieve any name in literature.


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Geotechnical Evaluation of Foundation Conditions in Igbogene, Bayelsa State, NigeriaNwankwoala HO1* and Adiela UP2
- *Corresponding Author:
- Nwankwoala HO
Department of Geology
University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria
E-mail: [email protected]
Received date: January 18, 2016; Accepted date: September 26, 2016; Published date: September 30, 2016
Citation: Nwankwoala HO, Adiela UP (2016) Geotechnical Evaluation of Foundation Conditions in Igbogene, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. J Geol Geophys 5:265. doi: 10.4172/2381-8719._PHONE_
Copyright: © 2016 Nwankwoala HO et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Geotechnical studies were carried out to investigate the foundation conditions in Igbogene, Etelebou in Bayelsa State, Nigeria. The evaluation was carried out by means of three (3) number boreholes to a maximum depth of 30 m below the existing ground level using the cable percussive rig. Field and laboratory investigations reveal a near surface stratigraphy of clay to an average depth of 6 m underlain by loose silty sand to a depth of 10 m below the existing ground level. Underlying this clay layer, the formation presents a stratum of sand which extends to the maximum depth of investigation. Field and laboratory analysis carried out on relatively undisturbed soil samples of the silty clay showed the undrained shear strength of this near surface soil to lie between 40 and 56 kPa with a mean value of 47 kPa. However, the 1.0 m thick peat embedded between 3.0 m and 4.0 m will great increase the compressibility of this clay. Pile foundation is recommended, considering the anticipated load and the very high compressibility of peat under imposed load. Piles should be straight-shaft, closed-ended steel pipe piles and driven into the medium dense sand. Pile load test should be carried out on all piles to confirm working load and estimated settlements.


Meige syndrome 2017-11-28T12:13:09+00:00
What is Meige syndrome
Meige syndrome is an eponym to describe a cranio-cervical dystonia with blepharospasm and dystonia of the muscles of the lower part of the face, the neck and the larynx as described in 1910 by Henry Meige, a French neurologist .
Patients with Meige syndrome are patients over the age of 60, who complains of involuntary eye closure when trying to speak or to chew.It usually starts with a blepharospasm, which spreads down in 35 % of the cases to the mouth and the neck.
The chewing, swallowing and the speech can be impaired due to to the spread of the dystonia to the jaw, tongue, pharynx and larynx.
The spread to the neck can be responsible of a abnormal posture of head tilted in one side or the head shift backwards with a double chin posture. Sometimes the posture become more complex with flexion of the head and neck forward (antecolllis)
The pattern of activation of the eye closure changes from an isolated blepharospasm which is better when the patient is speaking and worst when the patient is silent to a spasm of eye closure when the mouth is activated.
Patient with Meige syndrome, also called cerico-cranail dystonia needs to be treated actively with drugs, botox injections around eyes, jaw, neck and throat. They benefit from joint ENT-Neuro clinic as they can be injected in every dystonic localisation in one session. the London BTX centre is the only private centre to offer such facilities with Dr Marion, working with Ms Hicklin, eNT surgeon and voice specialist.
Take a look at what my patients say about the treatment here


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Skip to Main Content
The use of Hall effect sensors is always accompanied by the problem of the large amount of unwanted offset voltage. A tremendous effort has taken place in the last decades to reduce the offset voltage as much as possible. This work reports the application of the technique of the full mode of spinning current-and-averaging technique for offset reduction to enhance the performance of a low magnetic field (<1 μT), 2D AlGaAs-InGaAs-GaAs Hall sensor, which was designed and optimised at UMIST. The design requirements of a portable, LabVIEW-based, low field magnetometer based on a new programmable switching network (PSN), and data acquisition system (DAQ), that can perform different modes of spinning current-and-averaging techniques for offset reduction, with the principle of reverse magnetic field reciprocity being applicable if required, is presented. Experimental results of a full mode of the technique showed the lowest offset voltage reported so far in semiconductor Hall devices, with an average value of the offset magnetic field of 5 μT; this is about half of the best reported so far. We also present experimental results of the offset dependence on both the bias frequency and the preamplifier circuitry, which led to the careful selection of the system parameters for the lowest possible offset voltage. The proposed design of the (PSN) and the (DAQ) is easily modifiable to acquire a magnetic signal from a 2D quantum Hall effect sensor array.
Date of Conference: 18-19 Nov. 2002


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PublicaHier finden Sie wissenschaftliche Publikationen aus den Fraunhofer-Instituten.
Synchrotron radiography and tomography of water transport in perforated gas diffusion media
Water transport in gas diffusion media (GDM) is investigated by synchrotron radiography and tomography. It is demonstrated that micro porous layer (MPL) cracks improve the water management in polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells. A further treatment by means of laser perforation is expected to enhance this effect. The radiography analysis reveals that water transport is practically not influenced by perforations applied only to the MPL. In contrast, perforations through the whole GDM (including the MPL) have a strong influence on the overall water transport behavior and are therefore considered for a deeper analysis. Performance measurements show a correlation between the perforation size and the fuel cell power density. An optimum is found for a perforation diameter of 60 m. Synchrotron tomography analysis reveals that this optimum is due to an improved draining effect on the area around the perforation. Moreover, SEM and EDX analysis show a loss of PTFE on th e GDM surface in the vicinity of the perforation due to the laser processing. The tomography images reveal water accumulations in this area that can be explained by the hydrophilic surface.


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The reason for using a hood is to block light rays from elements outside of the actual frame (stray light) to enter into the lens and degrade the image quality (lowering contrast). Effectively, it "shades" the lens from these rays. Since a sensor is rectangular, valid light rays that fall on the corners arrive from angles larger than light rays that fall on the middle of the sensor's edge. This is why many hoods have the "petal" form. Otherwise you will suffer from either vignetting at the frame corners, or lower effectiveness in blocking invalid rays.
With increasing focal length, the petal shape becomes less required and there is a transition to circular shape. Another reason for circular hoods is rotating front elements of the lens, where the hood is mounted. When focusing, the element (and hood) rotates so if you use petal hood it will lose its alignment with the sensor.


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Some kinds of rejection are harder to take than others. When you've been denied coverage for Crohn's treatment that could mean the difference between effectively managing your Crohn's disease or living in pain, rejection can be devastating.
According to the Advocacy for Patients with Chronic Illness and the Office of the Healthcare Advocate, 96% of insurance denials are never appealed. But those that are appealed have a success rate as high as 80%! So, don't give up before you've started. Your course of action will vary based on the type of insurance you have, but follow these tips.
- Determine why your Crohn's treatment claim was denied. Don't try to guess the reasons why your insurer denied your claim—they may be related to medical necessity stipulations. Your appeal will be based on the reason for denial, so get the information and then develop a plan of attack.
- Get your paperwork in order. Once you've figured out the reason for denial, gather necessary documents – medical records, journal articles, and letters from your doctor explaining medical necessity to help make your case.
- Write a letter of appeal. While it might be tempting, calling your insurer to plead for medicine won't get you far. Write a compelling letter about your situation, using the documents you've gathered as attachments that provide evidence to make your case. The better and clearer your explanation, the more likely you are to win.
For more information on appealing an insurance decision, visit the Advocacy for Patients with Chronic Illness Web site.


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Origin & Purpose
T&R has developed VertiBrace in response to architects' needs for a partition restraint solution that deals with the vertical movement of a building. Vertical movement can be caused by wind and seismic events as well as live/dead loads imposed on the floor above. The VertiBrace provides lateral bracing and removes the need for deflection headtrack. It prevents many of the issues seen during the Christchurch, Kaikoura and Seddon Earthquakes, helping to ensure occupant safety and limit non-structural partition damage.
It utilises a sliding connection that separates the partition wall from the structure above meaning that any vertical deflection doesn't damage the partition system. Furthermore, this separation also works acoustically.
A Closer Look
The Vertical action in buildings caused by wind and seismic events, when not designed for, can produce pressure and stress on interior partition walls. If not catered for in design, movement can cause walls and glazing units to be crushed, broken, or torn.
VertiBrace allows for this vertical displacement to be accomodated through a sliding connection.
The VertiBrace has been developed to exceed the New Zealand Building Code using sound engineering principles. The performance and capacity of all brackets has been quantified by extensive physical testing.
Suitable for ceiling height and full height partition walls in commercial interiors


Vectorworks Landmark in the landscape design office
Vectorworks (Landmark) has been a constant throughout my working life and is central to my workflow as a landscape designer. I started using Vectorworks 20 years ago and back then, it was more akin to graphical-drafting software. Over the time, the capability of the program has developed and I've always tried to keep pace with the evolution to help grow my business.
What does Vectorworks do?
Vectorworks, is an advanced software solution that enables object scheduling and interactive reports. This means that when drawing an object (a line for example) it can be assigned a Data Record. These can be used to describe the material, fixing method, item dimensions and any other attributes necessary. Object or objects with Data Records can be summarised in Spreadsheets, which update in real time to reflect any changes to the design as they occur. When working on large projects CAD is therefore vital to maintain accuracy.
How is it used in the office?
For pretty much everything! Vectorworks is used throughout the design process. We use it for both 2D and 3D design allowing us to draw, explore and develop ideas from all angles.
Survey data + Concept designs:
Topographical information is imported into Vectorworks and scaled. This forms the base of all subsequent work.
Nowadays we tend to transfer the survey data onto the iPad to sketch out our preliminary ideas - it saves printing costs and avoids having to use tracing paper.
Once the general layout has been roughly agreed then the concept is brought back into Vectorworks so it can be redrafted with more precision.
At this point we may start to work in 2D and 3D to test the concept works in relation to the site levels and to get a better understanding of the proposed landscape by flying around the 3D model. Generally, we export our Vectorworks 3D work into SketchUp (new blog post coming soon) which is more fun and a faster tool to delve deeper into the concept design.
Detailed CAD drawings:
Vectorworks is also great for technical work.
For planting plans, Vectorworks has a library of species that can be selected and dropped into the plan. Each new plant is counted and displayed on a spreadsheet which is very useful for large gardens and commercial-scale developments. Additional information such as size, spacing, cost and maintenance can be attached to the plant symbol which clearly saves a lot of time if you use the same plants on different projects.
Hardscape specification is equally clever. We attach Data Records to surfaces, objects and edges. This means that all items are documented at the point of creation rather than leaving unknowns in the design.
Modern landscape + garden design inspired by nature.
Nicholas Dexter Studio
55 Canning Street
Brighton. BN2 0EF
t - 01273 692878


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Higher education transformations for global competitiveness : policy responses, social consequences and impact on the academic profession in Asia
Higher Education Policy
managing global cities, massification of higher education, labour market, regional education hub, entrepreneurial university
Since the mid-1990s, the pressure of globalization and the pressing demands of a knowledge economy led to a series of educational reforms. The focus of these was the promotion of quality education and massification of higher education. After the Asian financial crisis in 1997, the governments in different parts of Asia have implemented comprehensive reforms to their higher education systems in order to enhance their global competiveness. Confronted with increasing pressure for global university ranking, governments and universities in Asia have tried to adopt different strategies in terms of special funding schemes, and different forms of measures in shaping teaching, learning and research activities to enhance their global ranking. This article sets out against the context briefly outlined above to highlight major higher education transformations for global competitiveness, with particular reference to discuss policy responses, social consequences, and impact on the academic profession in Asia especially when major attention is geared towards the quest for global university ranking among universities in Asia.
Access to external full text or publisher's version may require subscription.
Mok, K. H. (2015). Higher education transformations for global competitiveness: Policy responses, social consequences and impact on the academic profession in Asia. Higher Education Policy, 28(1), 1-15. doi: 10.1057/hep.2014.27


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Hildegard Brauns, Markus Gangl, Stefani Scherer
Education and Unemployment Risks among Market Entrants: A Comparison of France, the United Kingdom and West Germany
In empirical education and labour market research, different approaches for measuring education have been pursued; they reach from 'number of years of schooling' and educational scoring as continuous measures to typologies as the ISCED (International Standard Classification of Education) and CASMIN (Comparative Analysis of Social Mobility in Industrial Nations) classification as categorical approaches. The value of the CASMIN educational classification has been demonstrated in many studies in comparative social mobility and labour market research.
In this paper we present an updated and partly revised version of the CASMIN scheme, that is able to capture also the institutional changes that took place in the course of the educational reforms that affected most European societies following World War II. We also provide the reader with examples for implementation of the schema for France, Italy, West-Germany, and the United Kingdom.


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Sunday Times Brain Teaser 777 – Feeler Gauges
by L Poulter
I have half-a-dozen feeler gauges on a ring like keys on a key ring. They are attached in a certain order and by selecting a single gauge or combinations of adjacent gauges it is possible to measure from 1 to 31 thousandths of an inch (thou) inclusive in steps of 1 thou. If I remove two adjacent gauges, replace them with a single gauge and rearrange the five on the ring I can now measure from 1 to 21 thou inclusive in steps of 1 thou with these five gauges by again selecting a single gauge or combinations of adjacent gauges.
What are the thicknesses of the gauges and the order of arrangement on the ring in each case? (start with gauge of unit thickness and then its thinner neighbour for the sets).


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Making is mindfulness made practical, and quilting is a renowned and rewarding craft. In Mindful Makes: Quiltingmaker Elli Beavenreveals the meditative nature of the quilting process and its empowering skillset for creating, mending and mindfulness.
Drawing on the traditions of hand quilting, Elli has created 20 modern makes, ranging from simple coasters, bags and cushions to quilts and curtains. She shares the basic techniques of quilting and shows how these can be adapted and developed for different projects, as well as mending and repurposing.
Clean photography, contemporary illustration and heart-affirming text are neatly sewn together to celebrate handwork and the act of crafting for a sustainable future.
Packed with inspiring ideas and practical guidance, Mindful Makes: Quilting gives you the skills to get started with this fulfilling craft, and shows how the quilting process and the satisfaction of creating our own unique makes can benefit our wellbeing.
Elli Beaven is a quilt maker with a passion for sustainable making. She runs Wholecloth Studio in east London, UK, and also teaches quilting and natural dyeing workshops. Her beautiful quilted projects have appeared in Mollie Makes, Curated Quilts, and Selvedge.


5 Replies Latest reply on Jul 22, 2016 8:58 AM by David Li
 Difference Between Two Lines
 Barry Sheldon
 Greetings,

 I have a table with multiple columns. I would like to use a calulated field to graph the difference between two columns which the user selects.

 I have created two paramater controls which have a list of the column headings. I would like to click in these areas and have the chart update to show the different between these two columns.

 Any idea how to do this?

 Thanks!
 - 1. Re: Difference Between Two Lines
 David Li
 Hi Barry, you'll need to create switches using CASE WHEN to pick the measures and then net them against each other. For instance, something like

 CASE [Parameter 1]
 WHEN "Yo" then [Yo]
 WHEN "Goo" then [Goo]
 ...
 END -
 CASE [Parameter 1]
 WHEN "Yo" then [Yo]
 WHEN "Goo" then [Goo]
 ...
 END

 Notice the minus sign after the first "END", which is what does the difference calc.
 1 of 1 people found this helpful
 - 2. Re: Difference Between Two Lines
 Barry Sheldon
 Thanks for the quick reply - I have 118 columns - does this mean I'll need to do 118 different cases?
 - 3. Re: Difference Between Two Lines
 David Li
 Unfortunately, if you want to use parameters, then yes, you'll have to do 118 different cases until Tableau puts in something like Excel's INDIRECT() function. You can save yourself some time by building the pieces in Excel. Just put in all your column names in one column in Excel (with quotations around them), then put "WHEN" in the column to the left, "THEN" in the column to the right, and all your column names to the right of that (surrounded by square brackets). Then, you can copy that into Tableau and make final adjustments.

 Now, one thing you could potentially do as long as you don't mind reshaping your data is to do a forced unpivot of the data so that you can separate out the measures using a dimension. I'm not 100% sure this will work, but it might be worth a try if you don't want to do what I mentioned above. You can try to reshape the data so that you only have ONE value column. The measures will be differentiated by a new field named "Measure" or something, so that each row of original data will become 118 rows of reshaped data. Then, you can drop that into a sheet, use the Difference table calculation, and use a filter on the new Measure dimension to select them.
 1 of 1 people found this helpful
 - 4. Re: Difference Between Two Lines
 Barry Sheldon
 Ah, okay - thank you for the information!
 - 5. Re: Difference Between Two Lines
 David Li
 You're welcome, Barry!


Life Health > Health Insurance
8 characteristics of a good insurance executive
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Within the insurance industry, we take certain attributes for granted: diligence, detail orientation, a fundamental understanding of data.
However, it's rare to take a step back and examine the actual psychological characteristics of insurance executives — how they think, how they make decisions, how they approach interactions with others.
What is the psychological profile of an insurance executive — and how does this profile differ from the attributes of executives in other fields?
A recent study by Russell Reynolds Associates sought to answers these questions by analyzing the leadership and behavioral attributes of 87 insurance executives, and comparing those executives to the more than 5,000 executives across all industries in Russell Reynolds's database.
Three psychometric tests were used:
 - 16pf, which measures communication and teamwork styles.
 - OPQ-32, which examines personality related to management and leadership roles.
 - Hogan Development Survey, which identifies patterns of behavior that tend to appear when a person is stressed or under pressure.
The overall findings were striking. Insurance executives, defying stodgy industry stereotypes, score high on some quite vibrant personality traits.
The 'secret sauce'
Understanding this profile (as well as how these traits can be developed) can be of tremendous value to anyone in the insurance field.
The personality traits of insurance executives — the "secret sauce" of this group of executives — fall into three camps: possessing a concerned eye, being a steady pair of hands, and embodying dynamism.
Read on for our profile of what makes a good insurance executive.
1. They possess a concerned eye.
Insurance executives are more likely to worry before significant occasions than the average executive. This is a double-edged sword — this characteristic raises the right concerns, but can create mental drag due to the resulting anxiety.
2. They are a "steady pair of hands."
Insurance executives score higher than the overall executive population on a cluster of traits that relate to procedural and interpersonal steadiness.
3. They are more trusting and more likely to perceive others as reliable.
In our research, again and again, top executive groups score higher than the overall population for being trusting — the ability to trust others facilitates a whole host of productive, collaborative interactions.
To develop this trait, consciously reflect back on situations where you feel you withheld your trust from a business partner or group of business partners, and where that lack of trust was not ultimately validated.
What in your mind were the reasons for not trusting? How can you "rewrite the story" for future interactions toward putting your faith in others where appropriate?
4. They are emotionally even-keeled.
According to our psychometric results, insurance executives are more emotionally even than their peers in other industries — which can be a true asset in an industry facing constant disruption.
To develop this trait, seek regular feedback from colleagues about your emotional style. Are you perceived as being emotional or intense? Are these perceptions magnified when using communication channels like email?
5. They prioritize well.
With a million priorities constantly in play, it's perhaps not surprising that insurance executives are more oriented toward prioritization than their executive peers.
To develop this trait, constantly re-evaluate your priorities against your broader strategic goals. Make sure you're managing the "urgent vs. important" tradeoff correctly. And ask colleagues for feedback on your prioritization – sometimes an outside set of eyes can spot issues easily.
6. They embody dynamism.
This cluster of attributes is perhaps the most surprising — and meaningful — set of results. Insurance executives score higher for a group of dynamic traits than the average executive.
7. They are bolder and more achievement oriented.
Compared to the overall executive population, insurance executives are more likely to act with confidence and pursue ambitious goals.
To develop this trait, embrace your own convictions. Place greater trust in your inner voice — and don't hesitate to verbalize your position on an issue followed up by the proper supporting points. Vet your goals against a yardstick of scale — are they ambitious enough?
8. They seek a high level of activity.
And insurance executives can speed up their actions to match the speed of the business around them.
This is another group of traits we often see in very successful populations, broadly speaking — the ability to move fast and to embrace constant activity.
To develop this trait, constantly have your key priorities in mind, facilitating speedy but well-considered decisions. Look at areas where you feel you do not move quickly — or do not enjoy a high level of activity — and attempt to identify and correct for the unifying themes.
Your self-assessment
So what should insurance executives think about as they look at this psychological profile?
First, consider to what extent you conform to — or contrast with — the three areas of attributes described (concerned eye, steady pair of hands, dynamism). Are there aspects of your personal style that you would develop to be more closely aligned with these attributes? Why or why not?
Moreover, it's useful to think about what these attributes say about how the industry will move forward. Based on this psychological profile, how will insurance executives cope with changes like digital disruption, the rise of big data and diversity concerns?
On a personal level, consider how you can leverage your own psychological attributes to be a useful part of these changes. After all, deeper understanding of your own leadership style is interesting to reflect upon — but powerful when put into action.
Limore Zilberman is a member of Russell Reynolds Associates' Financial Services Sector and Digital Transformation Practice, with a concentration in insurance. She advises boards, CEOs and senior-level executives on hiring, benchmarking, development and succession. Zilberman is also a member of the firm's Diversity Practice.
More on this topic


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How to Make a Solar System in Little Alchemy 1
Little Alchemy is a popular game where players combine different elements to create new items and unlock new combinations. One of the most fascinating and educational combinations in this game is making a solar system. In this article, we will guide you step by step on how to make a solar system in Little Alchemy 1.
Step 1: Start with the Basic Elements
To create a solar system, you need to start with the basic elements available in Little Alchemy. These elements include air, earth, fire, and water. Combine these elements to create more complex items and unlock new combinations.
Step 2: Create the Sun
The sun is the central object of our solar system. Combine fire and earth to create lava. Then combine lava with air to create stone. Finally, combine stone with fire to create the sun. Congratulations, you have successfully created the sun!
Step 3: Make the Planets
Now, let's move on to creating the planets in our solar system. Combine earth and earth to create land. Combine land with land to create continent. Combine continent with continent to create planet. Repeat this process until you have created all the planets of the solar system.
Step 4: Add the Moon
No solar system is complete without a moon. To create the moon, combine sky and stone. This will give you the moon, a celestial object that orbits around a planet. You can place the moon around any planet you desire.
Step 5: Arrange the Planets
Once you have created all the planets and the sun, it's time to arrange them in the correct order. In our solar system, the planets are arranged in the following order from the sun: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. Place the planets in this order around the sun to complete your solar system.
Step 6: Explore the Solar System
Now that you have successfully created a solar system in Little Alchemy, take a moment to explore and learn about each planet. Click on each planet to read interesting facts and information about it. Little Alchemy provides an interactive and educational experience for players to learn about the solar system.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs):
1. Can I create a solar system with different planets?
Yes, you can create a solar system with any planets you desire. Little Alchemy allows you to personalize your combinations and create unique solar systems.
2. Can I create other celestial objects like comets or asteroids?
Unfortunately, Little Alchemy 1 does not include specific combinations for comets or asteroids. However, you can always experiment with different elements to see if you can create similar objects.
3. Can I add more than one moon to a planet?
In Little Alchemy 1, you can only add one moon to each planet. If you try to add a second moon, it will replace the previous one.
4. How many elements are there in Little Alchemy 1?
Little Alchemy 1 has a total of 560 elements that you can combine to create various items, including the solar system.
5. Can I create other celestial objects like stars or galaxies?
Little Alchemy 1 focuses on creating the solar system, so it does not include combinations for stars or galaxies. However, there are other versions of the game, such as Little Alchemy 2, that may include these elements.
6. Can I create a working solar system with orbits and rotations?
Little Alchemy is a simple game that does not simulate complex movements like orbits and rotations. It provides a basic representation of the solar system for educational purposes.
7. Can I create a solar system with different sizes for each planet?
Little Alchemy 1 does not provide options to resize the planets. Each planet will have the same size when created.
In conclusion, creating a solar system in Little Alchemy 1 is an enjoyable and educational experience. By following the steps outlined in this article, you can successfully create a solar system and explore the wonders of the universe within the game's universe. Have fun experimenting and unlocking new combinations!


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Neuropeptides are the mediators of neurogenic inflammation. Some pain disorders, e.g. complex regional pain syndromes, are characterized by increased neurogenic inflammation and by exaggerated sudomotor function. The aim of this study was to explore whether neuropeptides have a peripheral effect on human sweating. We investigated the effects of different concentrations of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and substance P (SP) on acetylcholine-induced axon reflex sweating in healthy subjects (total n = 18). All substances were applied via dermal microdialysis. The experiments were done in a parallel setting: ACh alone and ACh combined with CGRP, VIP or SP in various concentrations were applied. Acetylcholine (10−2M) always elicited a sweating response, neuropeptides alone did not. However, CGRP significantly enhanced ACh-induced sweating (P < 0.01). Post hoc tests revealed that CGRP in physiological concentrations of 10−7–10−9M was most effective. VIP at any concentration had no significant effect on axon reflex sweating. The duration of the sweating response (P < 0.01), but not the amount of sweat, was reduced by SP. ACh-induced skin blood flow was significantly increased by CGRP (P < 0.01), but unaltered by VIP and SP. The results indicate that CGRP amplifies axon reflex sweating in human skin.


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St Andrews Optimists recently heard an overview of the mission and activities of the South Carolina Civil Air Patrol. The speaker was Col. Lee Safley.
C.A.P.'s motto is "Always Vigilant for America." C.A.P. was formed December 1, 1941, and current-day activities of the Patrol range from search and rescue missions, support during natural disasters, to nurturing and developing cadets, most of whom come from area high schools.
The South Carolina organization is roughly composed of 60 percent adults and 40 percent cadets, making up the 19 statewide squadrons. Participants range in age from 12 to 98, so it is obviously an activity for all ages. Col. Safley shared a few impressive statistics with the Optimists. Among them were: (1)national membership numbering 60,000; (2) 560 single engine aircraft in service; (3) 1,265 search and rescue missions completed in 2016; (4) 92 lives saved directly attributable to C.A.P.'s efforts in 2016; (5) five search and rescue missions completed in South Carolina thus far in 2017. South Carolina has 19 active squadrons, with over 800 members. The most intensive missions in recent years have been weather-related: Hurricane Matthew, which involved over 100 ground and crew members, and the 2015 flood which involved 190 members.
C.A.P. is heavily involved with its cadets, striving to teach them leadership skills and problem solving. Cadets advance through a 16 step personal development program. Funding comes from two primary sources: the U.S. Air Force for ongoing activities and training, and FEMA during times when the Patrol becomes a tool in managing disaster rescues. During those rescues, C.A.P. partners with the Air Force where the low and slow Patrol aircraft capabilities are crucial.
Pictured are Gary Dobson, Optimist President, Col. Safley, and Optimist Jim Turner, the week's speaker host.


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Hemlata's Inspiring Journey To Launch A Millet Bakery In Chhattisgarh Under Startup India
Hemlata from Chhattisgarh established a startup based on Millets
Before knowing about Hemlata and Hemlata's startup, let's know something about Millets. There was a time when certain grains could be grown easily in any environment in every state of India. Neither do they need much water nor are they affected by cold or sunlight.
Year 2023 – International Year of Millets
This grain, which can be easily grown anywhere, was the main diet of the country's large population. Not only was it easy to plant, it also did not require maintenance or pesticides. Due to its affordability, these grains became a staple on every household's dining table. These grains were millets, which are today called superfoods. To bring this superfood to the plate of every home again, the government has declared the year 2023 as the International Year of Millets.
Which grains are included in Millets?
In the 60s, when the country faced a shortage of grains, the Green Revolution started, where wheat and paddy crops began growing in the fields of almost all the farmers. Millets remained limited to small farmers or some states only. One such state is Chhattisgarh, where the importance of Millets was seen from the beginning. Ragi, Kodo, Kutki, Sawna are found in almost all the houses, and in these houses, dishes like Cheela, Murku, Roti, etc. are made from them.
Millet Bakery is a healthy substitute for fast food
Healthy substitutes for fast food are not easily available in the market, or the alternatives available are too heavy on the common man's pocket. The work of filling this significant gap in the market was done by Hemlata Deshmukh, who is running a millet bakery in the steel city Bhilai of Durg district and providing people millet options for fast food.
Millet Bakery started
Hemlata's Millet Bakery was started in 2023, but she started her research in 2014 during her B.Tech agriculture studies. Hemlata also chose Millet as the subject of her thesis.
Hemlata says that the history of Millet in the country is about 5000 years old. During research, it was found that it has been described in Yajurveda. I got information about millet products in MBA Agriculture, and from there, I understood that the market for millet products in Chhattisgarh is quite significant. To fill this gap of healthy substitutes in the market, Hemlata adopted the startup path.
How to start millet related business?
For Millet Bakery, Hemlata used the Startup India initiative of the Government of India as a medium. In 2018, Millet Bakery's idea was submitted to the National Agricultural Development Scheme (RKVY) of the Agriculture Department under Startup India. After the concept was selected by RKVY, Hemlata was given training in millets, millets products, machinery for bakery, and its operation in several phases by Indira Gandhi Agricultural University, Raipur.
Any young entrepreneur who wants to work on a business model related to agriculture can take advantage of this scheme. More information about RKVY can be obtained by visiting rkvy.nic.in
Benefits from the scheme regarding millet business
On becoming the beneficiary of the scheme, Hemlata received Rs 5 lakh in 2 phases.. This fund was received for machinery. Infrastructure costs are not included in this. If we talk about the total cost, the bakery was set up for 8 lakh rupees.
Machines required for Millet Bakery
- Planetary mixer
- Pulverizer flour mill
- Measuring machine
- Packaging and Sealing Machine
According to the production of the product, different sizes of these machines are easily available in the market. Through these machines Hemlata produces the following millet products:
Eggless Millet Cake and Cup Cakes
- Ragi Cake and Cups
- Kodo Cakes and Cups
- Sorghum Cakes and Cups
- Multi Millet Cake and Cups
Eggless Millet Cookies
- Ragi Vanilla and Chocolate Cookies
- Jowar Cardamom Cookies
- Kodo Cumin Celery Cookies
- Millet Pizza
- Ragi Malt Powder (Cardamom + Chocolate)
- Ragi Vanilla Cake Premix
- Ragi Chocolate Cake Premix
- Ragi Chilla Premix
- Ragi Appe Premix
- Sava Fruity Muruku
- Kodo Muruku
Benefits of processing millet
Hemlata told that these products are also good because many companies selling millet products use flour for binding, but Hemlata continuously experimented for many years and created such products which have zero flour. Not only this, the shelf life of these products is also good. The biggest problem with millet products is their shelf life, because these products get spoiled quickly.
Apart from this, Hemlata is working only on premix of millet bread, bun, millet dosa and idli without preservatives.
What are the benefits of eating millets?
She is also supplying her millet products to some dieticians of Durg, Bhilai. One of her customers is a diabetic patient, who is now using products made from ragi roti, cheela and sava.
Profit in processing millets
Hemlata told that there was a lot of trouble in the initial days of the startup. Whatever the cost was, it was difficult to cover it. Millet production has just started on a large scale in Chhattisgarh. Before this there was no commercial production. Because of this, the price of raw material was very high. Apart from this, making people aware was also a big challenge in itself. Now the situation has changed and they are getting about 40 percent profit on their products.
Encouragement to millet cultivation
As a result of encouragement to the cultivation of millet by the state government, the inclination of farmers is increasing rapidly towards the cultivation of Kodo, Kutki and Ragi. To promote millets production in the state, it has also been included in Rajiv Gandhi Kisan Nyay Yojana. Under this, to encourage farmers producing millets, input assistance of Rs 9,000 per acre is also being given.
Support price of millets
The minimum support price (MSP) of Kodo-Kutki has been fixed at Rs 3,000 per quintal and that of Ragi at Rs 3,377 per quintal by the state government. In the last season, farmers had sold 34 thousand 298 quintals of millets at the support price for Rs 10 crore 45 lakh.
State Received national award for millets production
Under the Millet Mission, a tripartite agreement has been signed with IIMR Hyderabad for 14 districts with the efforts of Chhattisgarh State Minor Forest Produce Association for promotion of millet cultivation in Chhattisgarh, training to farmers, availability of high quality seeds and increase in productivity. The idea behind this is to double the productivity of millet. Due to promoting the cultivation of millets, Chhattisgarh state has also received the National Level Nutritious Grain Award 2022.
What is Millet Cafe?
With the aim of making millet products made by self-help groups available to the general public and making people aware about millet, millet cafes have been opened in many districts of the state.
Millet Carnival organized
For wide publicity of millet in the state, Millet Carnival was organized which witnessed interest from a large number of people.
Marketing is important in millets
Hemlata says that marketing of millet products is important. It is important to form an organization of people producing millet products so that we can directly connect with the government. He says that if the people working at the grassroots level are directly connected with the government, then everyone associated with the millets will benefit from it.
Contact us – If farmers want to share any valuable information or experiences related to farming, they can connect with us via phone or whatsapp at _PHONE_ or you can write to us at "_EMAIL_". Through Kisan of India, we will convey your message to the people, because we believe that if the farmers are advanced then the country is happy.


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Florida wildlife officials are looking for beaches where horseshoe crabs are mating.
Spring is the horseshoe crab mating season. The Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission is asking the public to report any sightings of the crabs in action. The survey helps biologists identify horseshoe crab nesting beaches.
Wildlife officials say the crabs provide food for migrating birds and other animals. The crabs also have medical uses, including cancer research.
The commission says overharvesting and loss of habitat have contributed to declining horseshoe crab populations. Shoreline development also disrupts their mating habits.
The state first began surveying horseshoe crab mating sites in 2002. Since then, more than 2,600 reports have been filed from across Florida.


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I need a batch file that will find all files in a folder with a set variable in there name and then move them to a different folder. This must work on a windows XP computer.
the folder has these files
if we search for file names that contain "123" then it would move both abc123abc.pdf and efg123eft.pdf to a set folder.
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2 Answers
If you want the names that have 123 anywhere in them:
move *123*.* c:\newfolder
If you want the 123 to always be the 4th, 5th, and 6th characters:
move???123*.* c:\newfolder
If you want only.pdf files with 123 (either of the above matches):
move *123*.pdf c:\newfolder
Works either from a batch file or directly from the command prompt.
The? matches a single character, the * matches one or more. These are called wildcard operators or simply wildcards.
To see how the wildcard operators work, open a command ("DOS") window in the folder you want to use, and try (dir is for a directory listing, and can't hurt anything to experiment with):
dir *.*
dir *123*
dir *123*.pdf
dir???123*.pdf
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how do i look through all the files in a folder? – jardane Aug 8 '12 at 1:27
The examples I gave you do exactly that - the wildcard gives you multiple (one or more) matches. See my last sentence, and see the dir command in the command-line reference. – Ken White Aug 8 '12 at 1:30
add comment
No need for a batch file - the move command with a wildcard will do that itself:
move *123* c:\where\ever
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Your Answer


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It's not often international wildlife conferences hold their annual meeting so close to home. Fortunately, the International Herpetological Symposium (IHS) chose Belize City as the base for their 42nd gathering and we are so glad they did! The International Herpetological Symposium (IHS) provides a forum for the dissemination of information and research pertaining to the natural history, conservation biology, captive management, and propagation of amphibians and reptiles. The symposium provided a valuable opportunity to showcase the herpetological conservation taking place in Belize. BFREE Staff, Jacob Marlin, Heather Barrett, Tom Pop, and Jaren Serano, attended the conference and presented on various topics. Dr. Marisa Tellez of the Crocodile Research Coalition also provided local perspective on conservation in Belize and several student presenters from southern Belize's Independence Junior College highlighted research questions and projects pertaining to reptiles and amphibians in the country. At the close of the conference, BFREE was given the Porras Conservation Award. This award is granted in recognition of lifelong achievements in and contributions to field biology. The award is presented to a speaker (or – in this case – an organization) who has demonstrated that their work represents exceptional accomplishments in the field that benefit herpetological conservation. We are pleased and honored to have our work recognized in this way.
BFREE PRESENTATIONS AT THE 42nd IHS SYMPOSIUM
Jacob Marlin, BFREE Executive Director, provided the keynote presentation. "The Herpetofauna of Belize, 30 Years of Observations, Myths, Facts and Hot Spots"
Heather Barrett, BFREE Deputy Director, presented "Awareness Messaging as a Tool for the survival of the world's most endangered turtle family"
Jaren Serano, BFREE Science and Education Fellow, presented "Turtle or Fish? Investigations into captive management and reproductive biology of the Central American River Turtle (Dermatemys Mawaii), at the Hicatee Conservation and Research Center, Belize"