text:
South African Journal of Agricultural Extension
versão impressa ISSN 0301-603X
Lesotho has plenty of water resources which could be used to improve the livelihoods of Basotho as a nation in many aspects. However, this seems not to be the case as Lesotho suffers from food security mostly during severe droughts, to an extent of seeking support from international communities. The purpose of this paper is to elaborate on the very important role extension support should play in the practising of sustainable irrigation farming by smallholders. A structural questionnaire was administered amongst 153 irrigation farmers and 31 extension officers randomly in the four southern districts of Lesotho, namely Maseru, Mafeteng, Mohale's Hoek and Quthing. Extension credibility is highly questionable as 70% of irrigation farmers do not regard extension as important for irrigation management decisions. Although extension workers are generally well qualified, no in-service training is offered to help with the skilling of extensionists regarding irrigation management. Consequently the extension workers consider them not competent to provide support for irrigation farming. These results suggest the need for greater political and institutional input in irrigation farming; in particular there is a need to revisit institutional policy instruments and institution for extension, technical assistance, training and credit services that will facilitate performance of irrigation farming in Lesotho.
Palavras-chave : extension support; smallholder irrigation; training; competencies.


text:
Análise Estrutural de Redes Viárias Usando Ciência das Redes
(Structural Analysis of Road Networks Using Network Science)
Alvaro M. A. Garcia (_EMAIL_)1, Rodrigo P. Monteiro (_EMAIL_)1, Carmelo J. A. Bastos Filho (_EMAIL_)1
1Universidade de Pernambuco
This paper appears in: Revista IEEE América Latina
Publication Date: Oct. 2016
Volume: 14, Issue: 10
The way the streets and avenues are organized in a city may have a huge impact on the traffic flow. This paper presents a methodology to analyze topological characteristics of road networks. The study was performed by using two groups of neighborhoods divided according to the historical traffic problems. These areas were represented using graphs, thus making possible the application of some network metrics. The main goal of this process is to identify patterns associated with each one of these groups. It was observed that some parameters such as entropy, centrality and input and output node degree distribution can provide the indication of features that are directly related to the criticality of the traffic jam in the road structures.
Network science, Traffic modeling, Traffic jam, Human Mobility
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source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


Overview
Send the image with a POST request to the Extract API endpoint and FormX will recognize the information from the document.
FormX will use the extractor of your choice to extract and return the data in a JSON format. The extractor can be specified by the extractor_id parameter. An Access Token should also be included. They can be obtained from the web portal dashboard.
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text:
Ask a question about '1st/15th Royal New South Wales Lancers'
Start a new discussion about '1st/15th Royal New South Wales Lancers'
Answer questions from other users
The 1st/15th Royal New South Wales Lancers
is a current Australian Army Reserve
The Australian Army Reserve is a collective name given to the reserve units of the Australian Army. Since the Federation of Australia in 1901, the reserve military force has been known by many names, including the Citizens Forces, the Citizen Military Forces, the Militia and, unofficially, the...
Light Cavalry (Reconnaissance) Regiment. The regiment is based at Lancer Barracks in Parramatta, New South Wales
Parramatta is a suburb of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. It is located in Greater Western Sydney west of the Sydney central business district on the banks of the Parramatta River. Parramatta is the administrative seat of the Local Government Area of the City of Parramatta...
. The regiment has recently re-equipped with 4x4 Land Rover
The Land Rover Perentie is a vehicle in use by the Australian Army, produced in Australia and based on the Land Rover Defender 110. It was introduced in 1987 to replace the ageing fleet of Series 2A and 3 Land Rovers, and is still in service...
patrol vehicles as part of the conversion to a Light Cavalry (Reconnaissance) role. The last of the previously equipped vehicles, the M113A1 APC
The M113 is a fully tracked armored personnel carrier that has formed the backbone of the United States Army's mechanized infantry units from the time of its first fielding in Vietnam in April 1962. The M113 was the most widely used armored vehicle of the U.S...
was handed over in 2006.
The current regiment was formed in 1956 when the 1st Royal New South Wales Lancers
The 1st Royal New South Wales Lancers was a former Australian Army light cavalry regiment. Its complicated lineage includes the New South Wales Lancers which were first formed as a colonial unit in 1885, and subsequently saw action in the Second Boer War, and later during First World War at...
and the 15th Northern River Lancers
The 15th Northern River Lancers was an amphibious assault squadron of the Australian Army, the Lancers were designated A squadron of the Amphibious Assault Regiment. The 15th Northern River Lancers were formed in 1948 and based in Northern New South Wales, in 1956 it was amalgamated with the 1st...
were joined, initially being equipped with Matilda tank
The Infantry Tank Mark II known as the Matilda II was a British infantry tank of the Second World War. It was also identified from its General Staff Specification A12....
s. The 1st/15th RNSWL carries the former regiments' battle honours, and consequently it is the most highly decorated unit in the Australian Army with 21 battle honours, including those from the Boer War
The Second Boer War was fought from 11 October 1899 until 31 May 1902 between the British Empire and the Afrikaans-speaking Dutch settlers of two independent Boer republics, the South African Republic and the Orange Free State...
, First World War and Second World War.
The Regimental Band of the 1st/15th Royal New South Wales Lancers is one of the few RAAC regimental bands still in existence. It consists of Army Musicians who perform for Regimental functions, at public events, and for other Army Ceremonial tasks.
1st Royal New South Wales Lancers
15th Royal New South Wales Lancers
- Boer War: South Africa 1899–1902;
- First World War: Defence at ANZAC, Sari Bair, Rumani, Magdhaba-Rafah, Gaza-Beersheba, Jerusalem, Jaffa, Jericho, Jordan (Amman), and Megiddo
- Second World War: South West Pacific, Finchaffen, Sattleberg, Wareo, New Guinea, Wareo-Lakon, Gusika, Borneo, Balikpapan, Milford Highway
- Boer War: South Africa 1899–1902;
- First World War: Rumani, Magdhaba-Rafah, Egypt, Gaza-Beersheba, Jerusalem, Jaffa, Jericho, Jordan (Es Salt), Jordan (Amman), Megiddo, Nablus, Damascus
- 1st Queen's Dragoon Guards - The Light Dragoons
The Light Dragoons is a cavalry regiment in the British Army.It was formed in 1992 from the amalgamation of two regiments, the 13th/18th Royal Hussars and the 15th/19th The King's Royal Hussars becoming the first dragoon regiment in the British Army for over twenty years.-Present day:The Light...
- Fife and Forfar Yeomanry/Scottish Horse
The Fife & Forfar Yeomanry/Scottish Horse is a Yeomanry Squadron of the Queen's Own Yeomanry part of the British Territorial Army. It was formed following the amalgamation of the The Fife and Forfar Yeomanry and The Scottish Horse regiments....
- Northumberland Hussars
The Northumberland Hussars is a Squadron of The Queen's Own Yeomanry is an armoured Squadron of the British Territorial Army. It is part of a Formation Reconnaissance Regiment, equipped with the FV107 Scimitar and FV103 Spartan type armoured reconnaissance vehicles...

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Package org.lwjgl.egl
Class KHRStreamCrossProcessFD
 - public class KHRStreamCrossProcessFD
 extends java.lang.Object
 Native bindings to the KHR_stream_cross_process_fd extension.
 This extension allows an EGLStreamKHR object handle to be duplicated into another process so that the EGLStream producer can be in one process while the EGLStream consumer can be in another process.
 Duplicating the EGLStreamKHR object handle into another process is peformed in 3 steps
 1. Get a file descriptor associated with the EGLStream.
 2. Duplicate the file descriptor into another process.
 3. Create an EGLStreamKHR from the duplicated file descriptor in the other process.
 The file descriptor is obtained by calling eglGetStreamFileDescriptorKHR().
 Duplicating the file descriptor into another process is outside the scope of this extension. See issue \#1 for an example of how to do this on a Linux system.
 The EGLStreamKHR object handle is created in the second process by passing the file descriptor to the eglCreateStreamFromFileDescriptorKHR() function. This must be done while the EGLStream is in the EGL_STREAM_STATE_CREATED_KHR state.
 Once the EGLStreamKHR object handle is created in the second process, it refers to the same EGLStream as the EGLStreamKHR object handle in the original process. A consumer can be associated with the EGLStream from either process. A producer can be associated with the EGLStream from either process.
 Requires EGL 1.2 and KHR_stream.
 - Field Detail
 - EGL_NO_FILE_DESCRIPTOR_KHR
 public static final int EGL_NO_FILE_DESCRIPTOR_KHR
 See Also:
 Constant Field Values
 - Method Detail
 - eglGetStreamFileDescriptorKHR
 public static int eglGetStreamFileDescriptorKHR(long dpy,
 long stream)
 - eglCreateStreamFromFileDescriptorKHR
 public static long eglCreateStreamFromFileDescriptorKHR(long dpy,
 int file_descriptor)


text:
ISBN : 9780878935161
Stephen W. Kuffler was the most dominant figure in experimental neuroscience in the 1960s and '70s. The lessons he taught by example about how to do research and how to interact with one's students and colleagues transcend specific disciplines and are timeless. This volume consists of letters by Steve's former students and colleagues and a biography by the noted biophysicist Sir Bernard Katz. Altogether, they demonstrate the views, achievements, and versatility of this extraordinary scientist, teacher, and friend.
Can Mr. Kuffler Come Out To Play?
The Pied Piper
After the End
Stephen William Kuffler (By Sir Bernard Katz)

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Under an agreement just signed between the European Union and the United States, airlines must provide personal information on passengers traveling to the U.S. from Europe, including details about their race, religion, political affiliations, sexual orientation and health. The argument is that the September 11 attacks could have been prevented if such a system had been in place.
What does this mean for people living with HIV? The 1993 U.S. HIV travel ban already requires passengers entering the country to disclose their HIV status, so advocates are more concerned about the requirements on disclosing sexual orientation and other details of their personal lives.
"They're maintaining that this is about counterterrorism, but they're certainly not explaining why these specific categories are necessary to move toward that stated goal," says Nancy Ordover, Assistant Director for Research and Federal Affairs at the New York-based Gay Men's Health Crisis (GMHC). "How is someone's sex life related to counterterrorism? Obviously there's something else going on here."


text:
Efficient HVAC Systems May Qualify for Tax Breaks
HVAC, construction, energy efficiency, operating costs, green design June 19, 2008
I'm Ed Sullivan, editor of Building Operating Management magazine. Today's topic is potential tax benefits for very efficient HVAC systems.
The Energy Policy Act of 2005 – better known as EPAct – provides tax deductions for the installation of HVAC systems with energy costs that are at least 16.7 percent than an HVAC system designed to meet the 2001 edition of ASHRAE 90.1. The deductions apply both to new construction and to renovations. Although HVAC component upgrades typically don't qualify, a comprehensive system installation is a good candidate. So are geothermal and thermal storage systems.
Getting the deduction isn't easy. EPAct requires that the performance of the system be substantiated by energy modeling. And the modeling required is different than the modeling required by LEED. But rebates may be available to cover at least some of the cost of modeling, though the rebates must be obtained before the modeling is conducted.
The tax benefits are currently due to expire at the end of 2008. But there are proposals in Congress to extend the tax breaks. For green buildings and other buildings where significant HVAC work is planned, the tax breaks are worth looking into.


Generative EO/IR multi-scale vision transformer for improved object detection
Document Type
Conference Proceeding
Publication Date
1-1-2024
Abstract
For certain objects, panchromatic or 3-band (RGB) imagery may be insufficient to achieve accurate object identification, thus, additional bandwidths within the infrared (IR) spectrum may be needed to exploit unique spectral characteristics for improving object detection. Many of the existing generative modeling techniques are applied solely to the visible wavelengths. A need exists to fully explore the application of generative modeling techniques to multispectral imagery (MSI) and specifically the IR bands. Generative models used for data augmentation for object detection must have sufficient fidelity to avoid generating data that are out of distribution with respect to actual measured data, or that contain systemic bias or artifacts. This work demonstrates the utility of a conditionally generative, multi-scale vision transformer that learns the spatial and spectral structures and the interactions between them in order to accurately synthesize near-infrared (NIR) and short-wave infrared (SWIR) data from RGB. This synthesis is performed over a diverse set of target objects observed over multiple seasons, at multiple look angles, over varying terrains, with images sampled globally from multiple satellites. For both training and inference, the model is provided no contextual information or metadata as input. Compared to using RGB alone, the average precision (AP) of an off-the-shelf object detection model (YOLOv5) trained with the additional synthesized IR data improves by up to 48% on a target class that is difficult for an analyst to identify. In conjunction with RGB data, using synthetic instead of true IR data for object detection provides higher AP values over all target classes.
Publication Title
Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering
ISBN
[9781510673885]
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Sir Walter Scott's Ivanhoe and Real-Life Trial by Combat
Jan 19, 2010 | Fiction/Lit/Movies
The Black Knight and Friar Tuck enjoy some delicious pie
The Black Knight and Friar Tuck enjoy some delicious pie
I'm studying Ivanhoe right now, and I came across some interesting articles about the book and its connection to a real-life trial by combat… in 1817. So I thought I would blog about the details, because though I think it is really interesting it will probably never make it into my paper.
The Ashford v. Thornton case of 1817 was the last case of a trial by combat challenge in Britain. It came at a time of rising interest in medieval England, chivalry, and romance. But of course the early nineteenth century wasn't a time when trial by combat was considered anything other than absurd and (frankly) barbaric. Most people thought the case allowed a guilty man to get away with rape and murder. How? Through his very willingness and ability to commit murder.
Ivanhoe by Sir Walter Scott was published two years later, in December of 1819. It includes a trial by combat, and several scholars have argued that the case of Ashford v. Thornton was popular enough that both Scott and his readers would have been very aware of the case during the climactic final scene of the novel. Scott indeed mentions the Thornton case in his private letters (Letters; click "Vol. IV").
Details of the Ashford v. Thornton case (1817)
In 1817 Abraham Thornton was accused of raping and murdering 20-year-old Mary Ashford. Her body had been pulled from a pit of water outside a very small village, several miles northeast of Birmingham. At a party the previous night, Thornton had boasted that he'd already had Mary's sister, and he would also have Mary, who was also at the party. Thornton later told police that he did have sex with Mary that night, but that it was consensual. Although we'll never know for sure what happened, Thornton does not come across as a very sexually appealing fellow, considering his rude boasting and his appearance. The London Times noted that Thornton's "natural thickness is greater than common, but his excessive corpulency has swollen his whole figure into a size that rather approaches to deformity." [1]
At the initial trial, Thornton was found "not guilty" after only five minutes of jury deliberation. Again, based on the details available to us today, it is impossible to say whether he actually was guilty or innocent.
Mary's brother, William Ashford, was allowed by English law to make an "appeal," such that Thornton was called upon again to plead his innocence. Except this time, on the advice of his attorneys, he pleaded "Not guilty, and ready to defend the same upon my body" (qtd. in Dyer 386), at which point Thornton threw down the proverbial gauntlet (in this case a yellow leather glove). William, being a skinny teenager, did not accept the challenge. And so Thornton was free. (For what it's worth, the weapons of the fight were to be "oak clubs.")
The public at the time was shocked, given that it was the first demand for a trial by battle since 1638. It was an old law that had basically been forgotten about by the courts, and so it had never been repealed. For the public, Thornton had basically turned the chivalric code upside down. Chivalry asks men to use their power to defend women; Thornton used the chivalric code to get off the hook after supposedly raping and killing a woman. William Ashford, who actually was trying to defend a woman, was out of luck (being a skinny teenager, and all).
Ashford v. Thornton and Ivanhoe
"Combat de chevaliers dans la campagne" by Eug√®ne Delacroix
"Combat de chevaliers dans la campagne" by Eugene Delacroix
Ivanhoe's trial by combat surrounds the saintly Jewess, Rebecca, who has been threatened with rape by the Templar knight Sir Brian Bois-Guilbert. Her staunch resistance to his advances causes him to fall even further in love with her. Eventually, she is accused by the Knights Templar of being a witch who has seduced Bois-Guilbert.
There are a few obvious differences between the case of Ashford v. Thornton and Ivanhoe's trial by combat. In Ivanhoe, the trial by combat is demanded by the threatened woman, Rebecca, not the villain (though it is Bois-Guilbert who secretly suggests it to her, because he wants to save her life). The combat also does not let someone get away with murder; technically, it saves Rebecca's life. Indeed, the real villain, Bois-Guilbert, even though he is never on trial, ends up killed in the middle of the combat due to "the violence of his own contending passions" (490), and justice ends up actually being served. (The "contending passions" refer to Bos-Guilbert's will to win the duel and thus further his ambitions towards eventually becoming the Templar Grand Master, and his conflicting will to save Rebecca, with whom he's fallen in love.)
The two main scholars to take on the similarities of the Ashford vs. Thornton case and Ivanhoe are Gary Dyer and Mark Schoenfield. Both argue that Scott is attempting to rescue chivalry in some way, even if he realizes it's not at all feasible in the modern world.
I think the idea of rescuing chivalry in a world in which it's not feasible is a pretty important aspect of Scott's Ivanhoe. Part of romance involves a kind of lost golden age we can never get back to, and despite the subtle critiques of chivalry and romance in Ivanhoe, I think that the world we are introduced to is indeed a romantic golden age. Although we can't get back to that golden age, it is an important part of our history. In Schoenfield's words, for Walter Scott, chivalric institutions (such as the trial by combat) "rendered modernity intelligible" (81).
[1] I saw part of this quotation originally in Mark Schoenfield's article, and he cites it as 9 August 1817. But I could only find it in the 11 August paper. It is in regards to a Friday trial, which is why it appears three days after, on the Monday instead of Saturday.
Cited Stuff:
Dyer, Gary. "Ivanhoe, Chivalry, and the Murder of Mary Ashford." Criticism 39.3 (Summer, 1997): 383-408. Print.
Schoenfield, Mark. "Waging Battle: Ashford v. Thornton, Ivanhoe, and Legal Violence." Prose Studies 23.2 (2000): 61-86. Print.
Scott, Walter. Ivanhoe. Ed. Ian Duncan. Oxford and New York: Oxford UP, 1996. Print. Oxford World's Classics.
– – –. "The Letters of Sir Walter Scott E-Text." The Walter Scott Digital Archive. Edinburgh University Library. Web. 19 Jan. 2010.
"Warwick Assizes, Friday, Aug. 8. Trial of Abraham Thornton For The Murder Of Mary Ashford." The Times [London] 11 Aug. 1817, Law sec.: 3. The Times Digital Archive _PHONE_. Web. 3 Jan. 2010.


» vux-doc-perf1
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vux-doc-perf1
Basic patch optimization using Expr
Expr (Value) is a node which allows you to evaluate a mathematical expression, represented as a string.
Fist dummy test
Let's do a test on a simple operation: x*2
As x*2 = x+x, i'm gonna try both ways using + (Value), * (Value), and expr with both operations.
On all patches I just run an = (Value) followed by AND (Boolean Spectral) to verify i have the same results for each operations.
I also put an lfo on the Phase pin of the spread, to make sure data changes all the time.
Here is the result in debug mode (Spread Count 50000):
As we can see doing x+x or x*2 is fairly similar.
Expr performs a bit better on the A*2 part, but no big deal really.
In this simple operation case we can the see using the standard node outperforms Expr.
Let's add another operation
Now let's add something to our equation, and let's change it to x*2+1.
From now we need two nodes to perform this. We can still write the formula as a string.
I'm also gonna add up two other ways for Expr, having the 1 as a variable (so formula becomes x*2+y)
There goes the debug mode result.
As we can see, both + * technique stay roughly the same, so let's get interested by the expr part.
x*2+1 patched takes: 38.8+29.1 = 67.9
expr, with the 1 within the formula becomes 49.6
expr, with the 1 as parameter, becomes 71.2
So if our y will never change, we can see that using Expr outperforms patching.
Now if our y will change, using the nodes is still faster, but the gap in performance is closing very quickly.
So let's do a bit more complicated formula :)
Some trigonometry
Well ok, it's not that bas, we just gonna use (x*2+1)*sin(z)
For the first try, we gonna use a spread count of 50000 for z, and 3000 for z.
Results as follow:
Now let's increase z spreadcount to 50000 as well:
What can we learn from that?
on a low spread count, our patch implementation does:
36.9+24.8+13.4+40.6=115.7
This is a bit faster than the Expr variable method, and a bit more than the Expr fixed method.
In this case please note that the sine function is evaluated only 3000 times then multiplied, whereas Expr evaluates it 50000 times at it fits in the expression.
On a high spread count for sine, the sine function on it's own takes 222.6, which is much more than the expr for the whole expression, so using expr makes your formula execute mush faster.
As an extra test on the 3000 spread count:
Function (Complex): 13.4
Expr (Value), using sin(A) : 5.1
Conclusion
 - When a value doesn't change , it fits well in the Expr node as hardcoded in the formula.
 - Trigonometric function is slow in comparison to Expr (would like to know why, possibly because of using complex numbers).
 - If every variable has different spreadcount, some techniques are more interesting than others. Like if a variable has an expensive operation but a low spreadcount, it's much better to evaluate it separately and integrate the result in the equation.
by vux
anonymous user login
Shoutbox
~12d ago
fleg: This Tuesday, Cologne: exhibition opening of "interwoven", textile disinformation patterns created with vvvv. _URL_
~26d ago
manuelgonzalvez: Assimp nodes all broken afted Win Update w/exception "COM object that has been separated from its underlying RCW(...)"
~26d ago
manuelgonzalvez: @levi thanks would love to! anyway managed to get something similar working based on forum search and anthokio's patches.
~26d ago
levi: @ravasquez thanks. 31.2 x86 verrion worked. @manuelgonzalvez i have a dx11 projectTexture if u a want.
~28d ago
manuelgonzalvez: Anyone has a dx11 port of "projectedTexture" dx9 fx for projection mapping?
~28d ago
manuelgonzalvez: Anyone has a dx11 port of "projectedTexture" dx9 fx for projection mapping?
~28d ago
ravazquez: @levi not sure bout the ImagePack, but I believe VL.OpenCV should give you the same tools and should work with beta just fine
~28d ago
levi: anyone knows of a VVVVpacks.image that works for elliot's projector calibration patches?x64,dx11. always crashes v4 on solve.
~1mth ago
Lorenz: VJing with GIFS: _URL_ A fun little side project, that I first prototyped in v4 and now turned web-based ;)
~2mth ago
schlonzo: finally fixed in 4.8 nice1


text:
Monitoring of groundwater quality is important in the airport's activities and the environmental impact they have on soil and groundwater.
Groundwater in the soil under the airport is contained in a layer of limestone about ten metres below the surface. Groundwater is formed by rainwater seeping through the soil over many years and filling up the pores of the limestone.
CPH monitors the groundwater in the airport through a groundwater monitoring programme designed in collaboration with the Taarnby municipal authorities. This monitoring provides an aggregate overview of groundwater conditions at the airport. CPH has focus on this monitoring because the airport areas is part of the drinking water resources for the Copenhagen metropolitan area.
About 50 monitoring wells are included in the monitoring programme, which includes the collection of water samples and determination of the groundwater level, i.e. how deep under ground the surface of the groundwater reservoir is.
The water samples are submitted for analysis in order to monitor groundwater quality. Information on how deep the groundwater surface is helps monitor movements in the groundwater reservoir, i.e. the direction the groundwater is moving in the limestone layer.
Did you know
that 49 groundwater samples and 51 soundings of the groundwater level are taken each year.


text:
Can Florida pompano larvae be raised at low salinities?
A study aimed to determine the optimal salinity required to culture fingerlings from hatch to weaning under on-farm conditions.
The Florida pompano (Trachinotus carolinus), a fish species that can live in waters of a wide range of salinity, is a prime candidate for aquaculture commercial fish production in the United States. There are less than ten aquaculture farms across the U.S. that have been successful in commercially raising and distributing Florida pompano. Many farms import their broodstock from countries such as Mexico, the Dominican Republic and Brazil. When attempting to rear Florida pompano from hatch to market, farms face a variety of challenges including access to seawater. On inland farms, seawater must be mixed on-site using artificial sea salt products, which can contribute to high production costs and lower profit returns.
While several studies have investigated using juvenile Florida pompano in low salinity, no low salinity experiments have been conducted on Florida pompano larvae. To address the knowledge gaps of the impact of low salinity on Florida pompano larval health, researchers from Florida Atlantic University's Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, in collaboration with two local fish farms, Live Advantage Baits and Proaquatix, conducted a novel experiment that serves as a model study for future on-farm collaborations and helps build a bridge between scientists and farmers in aquaculture.
The objective of the study was to determine the optimal salinity required to culture fingerlings from hatch to weaning under on-farm conditions. Low salinity conditions can affect the early development of the Florida pompano by increasing osmoregulatory stress, which reduces the availability of metabolic energy reserves, otherwise needed for developmental processes such as cellular formation.
For the study, Florida pompano larvae were reared in three different salinities: 10, 20 and 30 parts per thousand (ppt) at local producers' farms. Growth, fatty acid profiles and transcriptome responses (cellular formation) were quantified every three days after hatching (three, six, nine, 12, 15, 18 and 24 days post-hatch) and results were compared across salinities.
Results showed that larvae reared at 10 ppt grew at a normal rate and the developmental stage had a greater impact than salinity on fatty acid composition and larval gene expression.
"We have shown that it is possible to grow this warm water marine species in salinities as low as 10 parts per thousand, which makes it more economic and easier for producers far from the coast to attempt Florida pompano commercial growth," said Sahar Mejri, senior author and an assistant research professor, Department of Aquaculture and Stock Enhancement at FAU Harbor Branch. "We expect to run this study for a longer period to investigate the long-term effects of low salinity on larval health and development."
An important metric for determining the health and viability of Florida pompano as a commercial food species is the lipid profile of the larvae. "Larvae reared at the lowest salinity, 10 parts per thousand, seemed healthy and showed normal growth and physiological development overall with no adverse effects," said Mejri. "Larval diets combined with developmental stages had a greater impact than salinity on fatty acid composition and transcriptomics gene expression."
David J. Bradshaw, Victoria Uribe, Laura E. King, Carlie S. Perricone, Gonzalo Illán, Elizabeth Allmon, Marisol Sepulveda, Marty Riche, Paul S. Wills, Sahar Mejri. (2023) Effects of low salinities on growth, fatty acid composition, and transcriptome in Florida pompano (Trachinotus carolinus) at early developmental stages. Aquaculture, Volume 563, Part 1, 2023, 738964 _URL_


Enable SE models to be populated with external data
Enable SE models to be populated with external data
To maintain a complete overview of the complexity of a project, Relatics offers the possibility to view all data as one coherent whole. This coherent whole is being realized despite the data being managed by Relatics or external applications. As a result, the SE model should be constructed independently of where the data ownership lies. Two things are required to populate Relatics with data managed by an external application: a type element where the ownership is configured as external and an interface to handle the requests. This article explains the first.
Create a type element to be populated with external data*
 1. Create a standard type element, and in the dialog New type element, enter the settings of the type element.
 2. In the dialog New type element, on the tab Advanced, set the Ownership in to External application.
 3. Click on Create. As a result, the dialog is closed, and the new type element is created.
Note:
 - A type element configured as external can have a mix of internal and external properties and relations.
Create a type property to be populated with external data*
 1. Create a type property, and in the dialog New type property, enter the settings of the type property.
 2. On the tab Advanced, set the Ownership in to External application.
 3. Click on Create. As a result, the dialog is closed, and a new type property is created.
Note:
 - The option Ownership in is only available for properties if the type element field Ownership in is configured as External application.
 - The data type attachment is not supported for interfaces.
 - There cannot be an external property named ExternalId in the type element.
Create a type relation to be populated with external data*
 1. Create a type relation, and in the dialog New type relation, enter the settings of the type relation.
 2. On the tab Advanced, set the Ownership in to External application.
 3. Click on Create. As a result, the dialog is closed, and a new type relation is created.
Note:
 - The option Ownership in is only available for properties if the type element field Ownership in is configured as External application.
* In the workspace, the user type of your user must be set to power user to enable this feature.
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Ceramic materials have been used for centuries due to their unique properties like high temperature resistance, durability, and excellent electrical insulation. With the development of advanced ceramics like Itowu ceramic materials, their application in various industries has expanded. Itowu provides several advantages compared to traditional ceramics, making it a perfect solution for demanding industrial applications.
What are Itowu Ceramic Materials?
Itowu ceramic materials are an advanced type of ceramic material developed by leading manufacturers. They are made from a combination of oxide and non-oxide materials such as alumina, zirconia, silicon nitride, and yttria-stabilized zirconia. The result is a ceramic material that exhibits exceptional mechanical strength, wear resistance, and fracture toughness, making it ideal for demanding industrial applications.
 Advantages of Itowu Ceramic Materials
The unique characteristics of Itowu ceramic materials make them suitable for several industrial applications. Their high fracture toughness and wear resistance make them ideal for use in high-load applications, including cutting tools, bearings, and medical implants. They also exhibit excellent thermal shock resistance, allowing them to withstand rapid changes in temperature without cracking or breaking.
Conclusion
In conclusion, Itowu ceramic materials are a promising development in the world of advanced ceramics. With their superior mechanical strength, wear resistance, thermal shock resistance, and biocompatibility, they offer several advantages over traditional ceramic materials. Their versatility makes them suitable for various industrial applications, particularly in the production of cutting tools, bearings, and medical implants. Manufacturers and businesses looking to improve their products' performance should consider Itowu ceramic materials as a viable solution.
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Published on Brock University (_URL_)
A Brock University professor, a physician and a bracing specialist are teaming up on research to expand our knowledge of bone strength as well as re-think how we design back braces for people with scoliosis.
And they're inviting women across the Niagara peninsula to take part in the project.
The researchers are seeking young women, aged 18-30 years, who have or have had scoliosis, and who used a scoliosis brace during their adolescence. Scoliosis is a medical condition characterized by curvature and rotation of the spine.
Bareket Falk, a researcher in Brock's Department of Kineseology, is undertaking the project with partners Alan Rigby of the private-sector business Niagara Prosthetics and Orthotics, and Dr. Matt Greenway of the Michael DeGroote School of Medicine.
Falk said the researchers want to study how bracing may affect bone during the growing years, and whether flexible scoliosis braces are more effective than the rigid braces traditionally used by patients with scoliosis. Importantly, the researchers are interested in examining how nutrition and exercise can be used to alleviate some of the potential effects of bracing.
Read the full story on the Brock News
For more information about Bareket Falk's research visit her faculty profile


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Explore America's Campgrounds
Grass shrimp, or Palaemonetes, are a genus of freshwater and brackish water shrimp commonly found living among plants such as hydrilla and eelgrass. They make excellent live bait, especially for larger game fish. You can learn how to catch fresh water grass shrimp in a few steps.
Items you will need
Fine mesh net
Fish-flavored cat food
Wet eelgrass or other aquatic plants
Know where to look. Grass shrimp are sensitive to heat and changes in temperature and tend to congregate in shady areas. You can find them near aquatic plants and near submerged or sunken objects like docks, fences or pipes. Hunting at night by shining a flashlight into the water can be particularly effective.
Scatter shrimp from hiding places in plants by shaking the plants or combing through them with your hands, a wire rake or a fine, mesh net. Use the same net to scoop up any shrimp that you find. You can also use a sport or commercial shrimp trap baited with fish-flavored cat food.
Take a proper receptacle to store them in. Two good options are a cooler half-filled with ice cubes and lined with newspaper or a wood box lined with eelgrass or other aquatic plants collected from the area. Grass shrimp do not need to be submerged in water to survive, only kept cool and wet.
- Paul Tearle/Stockbyte/Getty Images


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Take the 2-minute tour ×
Our eyes are spherical, our retina is circular, but still our eyes can see more in the horizontal direction than in vertical direction. Why is it so, why is the preferred aspect ratio not square?
share|improve this question
This is just a hypothesis: but there is probably not one "preferred" aspect ratio, even for one individual. It probably has to do with the following points: 1. the eyes are positioned on a horizontal line; 2. the width between the irises; 3. how far you are looking. And let's not call it a "preferred" aspect ratio. It's more like an "effective" aspect ratio. My hypothesis is that the closer you look, the wider the effective aspect ratio is, and the further you look, the more circular it is. And if you cover one of your eyes, you'll probably get a circular FoV regardless of distance. – Kal Nov 5 '12 at 9:28
I have to agree with Kal, but mainly about #1. Essentially, the eyes are next to each other, and this allows for stereoscopic vision. If you cover one eye, your field of view is more or less circular (due to the retina and macula), but you'll lose depth perception. Plus, your eyelids slightly limit the amount you can see in the up-down directions. – jello Nov 5 '12 at 11:19
_USER_ Surely the eyelids can't be having an effect as you describe because they don't normally cover any part of the pupils. – Alan Boyd Nov 5 '12 at 19:08
_USER_ I think you're right. For some reason, I was probably thinking about ptosis, when a drooping eyelid does limit your visual field. – jello Nov 7 '12 at 8:35
I will add that in other animals, having a wide horizontal angle helps in hunting and also in defending against hunters. The vertical angle is also important, for example for hunting birds, but not so much for terrestrial animals. – 149781-32509185 Nov 9 '12 at 13:45
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2 Answers
up vote 7 down vote accepted
I found the explanation given below here (my emphasis). It may not be authoritative, but it makes sense to me.
You can determine the approximate shape of your visual field by looking straight ahead, and holding a hand out to each side and noticing where you can no longer see them. Do the same for above and below, and you'll see that your peripheral vision probably extends to about 180 degrees (or a little less) left and right, and about 100 degrees up and down. Your brow, nose, and cheeks narrow the vertical angle.
So your visual field has a ratio of about 1 to 1.8.
Interestingly, and not entirely coincidentally, ordinary films and wide-screen TVs have a ratio of 1.78 (16:9).
Another way to see this effect is to look at someone's head in profile and from directly above. In the former case you have a clear view of their eyes, in the latter you don't. (Tested on a small sample - one 3 year old male, playing with an iPad).
share|improve this answer
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The reasons your field of view is not circular are:
 - Even when looking directly forward your nose, brows, and cheeks obstruct your view.
 - You have two eyes which are aligned horizontally.
The field of view is measured by a method called perimetry, and looks approximately as depicted in this graphic. The guide here provides further comments on the graphic.
As you can see in the image I linked to, the field of view (were it to be approximated with a rectangle) spans 180° horizontally and 130° vertically. Yielding a width-to-height ratio of 0.72. Which is better approximated by the traditional 4:3 screen size and NOT by modern 16:9 displays. Having said that, 16:9 may not necessarily be a worse format, as researchers found that horizontal saccades are faster than vertical ones.
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How to Make Mushroom Soil
Mushroom soil is a rich compost used in cultivating mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus). Every grower has a different recipe for the compost. Mushroom soil is also beneficial in the garden to add nutrients and organic material to ordinary soil. A small amount goes a long way; one cubic yard of mushroom soil will cover 100 square feet of garden.
The first ingredients are 5 pounds each finely ground corncobs and straw in a compost bin. Forming a tight mound or rectangle will ensure the 160 degrees Fahrenheit needed to break down organic material and destroy weed seeds or pathogens. The compost needs to be mixed well and given enough water to be damp with each addition. After four or five days, add 1 pound of leaf mold or peat moss and 1 pound of cottonseed, canola or soybean meal to the compost bin and allow it to stand five or six days. The final ingredients are 1/2 pound each potash and gypsum. A week to 10 days later, the result should be dark brown, light and crumbly in texture and smell earthy. If the soil is wet, smells rotten or has large clumps of material, it needs another week of composting.
Crafting and creative projects have been part of Heidi Grover's life since she was old enough to reach the glue and glitter. Grover received a degree in creative writing from Utah Valley University and combines her love of crafting with her love of words.


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We study the efficient allocation of a divisible asset when reallocation is costly. Two players initially divide an asset between them. At the time of this initial division the players' valuations for the asset are uncertain. After the uncertainty resolves, costly reallocation may take place. We first establish that the surplus associated with efficient reallocation monotonically increases or decreases in the concentration of the initial division for a wide range of cost specifications. We then characterize how the budget necessary to implement the efficient reallocation changes with the initial division. (JEL D11, D63, D81)
"Reallocation Costs and Efficiency."
American Economic Journal: Microeconomics,
Consumer Economics: Theory
Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
Criteria for Decision-Making under Risk and Uncertainty


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Ice plants or delosperma are succulent perennials native to South Africa. Water is essential for new or recently transplanted ice plants to help them survive and settle in. These plants have moderate water needs and generally thrive with minimal attention once established.
How To Tell If Ice Plant Needs Watered
Ice plants need water when the top few inches of soil are dry. Dry, cracked soil are indicators the plant needs water. Dry plants may droop, or the foliage will have a shriveled appearance. Dry leaves that wrinkle and fall off are signs of severe dryness.
How Often To Water Ice Plant
Newly planted ice plants need water daily or every few days, depending on the sunlight the plant receives. While new plants have increased water needs, avoid overwatering because too much moisture can be damaging.
Ice plants are succulents, so they store water that can sustain them, and they only need water when necessary. Established ice plants need water every other week or when the top few inches of soil are dry. Sunlight, humidity, and rainfall impact how often the plant needs water, so check the soil and inspect the plant for signs of dryness before watering.
Potted ice plants need water more often than plants in the ground. As succulents, ice plants store water but need long drinks to thrive during the growing season. Plan to water container-grown ice plants every few days or when the plant shows signs of drying out.
Best Time To Water Ice Plant
Water immediately if the plant is withering or showing signs of drying out. The ideal time to water ice plants is in the morning, so the plants can soak up moisture before the hot afternoon sun hits.
How to Water Ice Plant
Step 1 - Check the plant for signs of dryness.
Shriveled, drooping foliage and dry, cracked soil indicate the plant is too dry.
Step 2 - Feel the soil to determine the dryness.
Water ice plants when the top few inches of soil are dry.
Step 3 - Saturate the soil.
Drench the soil so the root ball is wet.
Ice Plant Watering Tips
- Feel the soil and water when the top few inches are dry.
- Monitor the plant for drooping or wilted stems and leaves.
- Water the ground around the plant, drenching the soil.
This page contains affiliate links to products on Amazon. We may receive a commission for purchases made through these links.
Author Alison Cotsonas - Published 06-03-2023


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Bildtext får vara max två rader text. Hela texten ska högerjusteras om den bara ska innehålla fotobyline! Photo: B. Christensen/Azote
Tame the flames, rule the world
New understanding of power shows important relations between humans and nature
- From a social-ecological standpoint it makes sense to expand the concept of power to include not only humans but also other living creatures
- Power can be used to change the conduct of living beings, as well as the conditions under which they live, for example through managing and controlling landscapes
- Including other living beings in the concept of power can remind us that our responsibilities stretch beyond our own species
Ask academics to define power and the reaction could well be that of panic or sheer confusion. That is because power is a perpetually contested concept in social theory. Power is difficult to define because it exists in many forms, be it economic power, military power, or symbolic power. The famous sociologist Max Weber defined it as "the probability that one actor within a social relationship will be in a position to carry out his own will despite resistance, regardless of the basis on which this probability rests".
Weber's definition highlights that power only exists through social relationships between persons: it is employed by someone and influences others. From a social-ecological perspective, Weber seems to have been missing something.
In a paper recently published in Ecology and Society centre research Wijnand Boonstra argues that power needs to be redefined as including not only dependency relations between people, but also between people and other living beings. His research is timely, because resilience scholars have been relatively silent when it comes to addressing the issue of power relations.
The power of fire
Boonstra illustrates how the concept of power can be used to analyse the interdependency between humans and nature with the example of the domestication of fire. Relations between humans and the natural environment dramatically changed when humans learned to tame the flames and acquired firepower.
"By including humans as well as other living beings in the concept of power, we are reminded that our responsibilities stretch beyond our species"
When early humans came to learn how to use fire, they gained control over a crucial source of power. With fire they could influence the conduct of other people and species, for example by using fire as a source of protection or to chase others away.
But the use of fire also indirectly changed the social and ecological conditions under which both humans and other species lived. Landscape burnings radically changed the habitat in which humans and other species lived. Fire also enabled cooking and so led to human physiological changes that in turn triggered other human abilities.
For maintaining, transporting and handling fire people also had to learn how to collaborate, think ahead, and communicate. The domestication of fire highlights how the use of power sources comes with shifts in interdependencies between people and nature.
With great power comes great responsibility
The story of how humans tamed the flames is important because it helps us understand how power can be used to think about responsibility.
For example, terming the current geological era the Anthropocene in a sense disperses responsibility for human-caused global change to the whole of humanity. However, only a small minority has been responsible for the majority of the activities that drive the 'great acceleration'. The Indian subsistence farmer, the African herder and the Peruvian slum-dweller are grouped together with inhabitants of the rich world, despite playing different roles in ecological devastation and planetary overshoot. In this way, the term Anthropocene points to the power of humans as a species but conceals who is exercising that power and how, where and when.
"The concept of social power that I present is an effort to provide a tool to address the issue of responsibility for this kind of complex and global social-ecological interactions," says Boonstra.
"My effort to conceptualise power is to help tease out whose actions are impacting whose conduct and situation, and to include social-ecological interdependencies. By including humans as well as other living beings in the concept of power, we are reminded that our responsibilities stretch beyond our species," he concludes.
Boonstra, W. J. 2016. Conceptualizing power to study social-ecological interactions. Ecology and Society 21(1):21. _URL_
About the centre author:
Wijnand Boonstra is particularly interested in understanding how individual use of ecosystems aggregates to form so-called regimes of ecosystem use. Describing and explaining the complex set of social and ecological conditions and their interaction at micro and macro scales that cause these regimes to shift, is a key research objective.
Research news | 2021-07-03
Groundbreaking book on methods to study social-ecological systems
Open-access book covers 28 broad groups of methods, featuring contributions from almost a hundred authors in 16 countries
Research news | 2021-06-23
Better scenario building can help curb global threat of invasive species
Invasive species remain largely ignored in current future analyses. Experts present first set ever of alternative futures for global biological invasions
Research news | 2021-06-22
New software helps design sustainable cities
Natural Capital Project have developed a software that shows city planners where to invest in nature to improve people's lives. It will also save billions of dollars
Research news | 2021-06-21
Proximity to green boosts building projects
Proximity to ecosystem services raises the value of residential and commercial areas around cities. Future projects should focus more to keep it that way
Research news | 2021-06-18
How much is the right amount of meat?
Celebrating World Sustainable Gastronomy Day, centre doctoral student Kajsa Resare Sahlin on why we need to better understand how much 'less' meat actually is and what 'better' means
Research news | 2021-06-18
The accidental chef
How a former PhD student's book on food and life in the Pamir Mountains won the world's most prestigious culinary book award


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My Singing Monsters is one of the most intriguing mobile games we've ever played. This isn't because the game's mechanics are particularly novel or inventive, but rather because of its unique presentation, which revolves around hatching and raising a vast range of monsters that, when placed on your islands, begin playing tunes and generating lovely music.
Explicitly put, My Singing Monsters is a base-building game in which you must gradually increase your assets by building structures and hatching and raising monsters. When these monsters are placed, they create coins as resources. Meanwhile, you may construct a variety of facilities, such as bakeries, where you can spend money to make goodies that will level up your monsters and improve their coin generation when given to them.
You'll also gain XP as you level up monsters, construct structures, and complete missions, which will help your account level up, giving you access to additional monsters and facilities. So, in this article, we will tell you a few tips and tricks to help you perform better in the game. Let's get started then.
1. Obtaining more coins
Coins are the primary form of currency in My Singing Monsters, and their usage is simple. This currency may be used to buy and place buildings, as well as to purchase monster eggs. They can also be used to make sweets at Bakeries, which can then be fed to your monsters to raise their levels and increase the number of currency they produce over time.
And while we're on the subject, the most common ways to earn money in this game are by passively collecting coins from your singing monsters, selling unwanted monsters once they've hatched, or performing game tasks.
2. Keep the Monsters Happy
Try to make monsters happy. Your currency supply increases when your monsters are happy! But be smart about what you buy for a monster's happiness. Consider the cost and if it's best to buy it now, wait for a bargain, or not at all. Use the Storage structure to your advantage. Monsters will still be happy with the decorations in the storage facility.
3. How to Upgrade Monsters?
You may feed treats to your present monsters to provide them XP, which will aid them to level up. It boost the amount of currency they create over time. The maximum number of coins they can carry at any particular time also increases by levelling up.
Treats in My Singing Monsters are made by spending coins at the Bakeries. You'll obtain more treats at the end of the production time if you spend more coins. However, the higher the monster's level, the more treats it will require to advance to the next level.
- When it comes to Ethereal Island, only transport one of each Ethereal at a time because you may breed more readily there.
- Concentrate on progressively boosting monster levels rather than investing all of your food resources on one monster. Your progress will be slowed as a result.
- Don't level up the Dipsters past level 10, as they hardly make any coins.
- Get a tonne of single elementals on Ethereal Island and Magical Sanctum. They make a lot more shards, s ingle elementals that are extremely rare and even better – epic.
- Make use of the social features! You can acquire Starshop items and diamonds on Tribal Island!
- Remember to use wishing torches; they improve your odds of breeding uncommon monsters and can be lit for free by friends.
Also Read: Top 10 Best Platform Mobile Games In 2022


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When you add a meditation headband to your health routine, you can find peace. These stress-relieving tools help you concentrate on one thing so you can tune out everything else.
There are 8 meditation headbands that can help you relax
a person wearing the Flowtime biosensing meditation headband
Meditation can help you relax and sleep better at night after a stressful day. But it's not always easy to get rid of your thoughts. That's where these meditation headbands that help calm your mind come in.
Think about the Muse S if you want a high-tech model (Gen2). This one keeps track of your biometrics and gives you a digital sleeping pill to help you fall asleep again.
Then there are headphones like the MOITA Sleep Headphones that make you feel calmer by blocking out noise and playing your favorite soothing music. Check out how the wellness tools below can help you get better at meditating.
1. The biosensing technology in the Flowtime Biosensing meditation headband helps you improve your practice and shows you how your brain works
Add the Flowtime Biosensing Meditation Headband to see how your brain responds to meditation. Its 2-channel EEG Acquisition technology watches your heart rate and tracks your brainwaves. Validated lessons show you how to do things right.
Also, read 5 useful gadgets for yoga.
2. The Muse S (Gen 2) meditation and sleep headband tracks your meditation posture and has Digital Sleeping Pills to help you sleep
With the Muse S (Gen 2) meditation and sleep headband, it's fun to keep track of your meditation progress. During sessions, biometric feedback in real-time gives pointers, taking the guesswork out of meditation. This device can also help you sleep.
With guided meditations, soundscapes, and more, the HoomBand audio headband for bedtime can help you calm down and stop your mind from racing.
3. The HoomBand audio bedtime headband is a great choice if you just need a little help relaxing while you meditate
The HoomBand audio bedtime headband is a great choice if you just need a little help relaxing while you meditate. It fits nicely around your head and plays sounds that are relaxing.
4. The brainwave feedback from the Muse 2 Meditation Headband lets you know more about your meditation than you ever thought possible.
The Muse 2 Meditation Headband is an important health tool. It can figure out what your brain is doing by using advanced signal processing. So, you hear "calm weather" when you feel calm. When you're upset, all you can think about is stormy weather. The sounds remind you to focus on your breathing more.
5. EEG sensors in the Dreem 2 headband track your movements and heart rate while you sleep. And a setting for meditation helps you calm down.
With the Dreem 2 sleep-monitoring headband, it's easier to calm down while you meditate. This device keeps track of your sleep and helps you get ready for it by teaching you how to meditate, breathe, and think.
6. The COVE sleep device sends carefully calibrated vibrations to your skin, which helps you feel emotionally stable.
With the COVE sleep device, you can calm your mind so you can meditate better. After 20 minutes of wearing it twice a day, the vibrations make you feel more relaxed.
7. The SleepPhones Wireless sleep headphones help you relax and fall asleep by playing music, audiobooks, and other sounds that are good for meditation.
The SleepPhones Wireless sleep headphones are another popular meditation headband that calms your mind. They are great for traveling because they are soft and easy to carry. By playing sounds for meditation, they help you relax and fall asleep anywhere.
You can also read a list of the top six smartwatches for yoga.
8. The MOITA Sleep Headphones put you in the right mood to meditate. It has Bluetooth speakers that can play any music you want
The MOITA Sleep Headphones are another popular headband for meditation that helps calm your mind. You can use them for meditation, working out, and sleeping. Start relaxing by playing your favorite soundscape.
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A Historical Look at the Heceta Head Lightstation
Published: 04/16/2019 Updated: 08/13/2019
Sitting 205-feet above sea level and visible for over 21 miles, Heceta Head Lighthouse towers high above a scenic viewpoint on Oregon's Central Coast and is one of the most photographed lighthouses in the United States.
Sitting on a remote Oregon Coast headland midway between Umpqua River and Yaquina Bay, Heceta Head Lighthouse was first lit on March 30, 1893. The lighthouse is the last major coastal beacon established in Oregon. It is among the most architecturally impressive lighthouses on the West Coast, placed on the National Registry of Historic Places in 1973. The cape and lighthouse owe its name to Don Bruno de Heceta of the Spanish Royal Navy, who in 1775 commanded an expedition to explore the Pacific Northwest. For more than a century the spectacular sentinel guided mariners through treacherous waters. When Oregon finished construction of US Highway 101, electricity and motorists followed, making the Oregon Coast a sightseeing destination. Heceta Head is highly visible to northbound travelers and notably the most photographed lighthouse in Oregon.


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European Pollutant Release and Transfer Register – Update – 2010 data now available
The European Commission and the European Environment Agency today published updated information on releases and transfers of pollutants from industrial installations included in the European Pollutant Release and Transfer Register (E-PRTR). E-PRTR is a comprehensive online register which contains information on emissions of pollutants to air, water and land by industrial facilities in 32 European countries. The register includes annual data for 91 substances released from more than 29 870 facilities in 65 economic activities. E-PRTR also provides additional environmental information, such as the amount and types of waste transferred from facilities to waste handlers both inside and outside each country, and maps of certain non-industrial sources of emissions. The new dataset contains information for the year 2010 and updated information for certain countries for the earlier years 2007 – 2009. The full dataset of E-PRTR is hosted by the European Environment Agency (EEA) in its Data Service.
Over the coming months, EEA will perform a number of quality checks on these data received from countries. An updated dataset will be published in October 2012 after corrections are received from countries.


D. Cutting Out
time limit per test
3 seconds
memory limit per test
256 megabytes
input
standard input
output
standard output
You are given an array $$$s$$$ consisting of $$$n$$$ integers.
You have to find any array $$$t$$$ of length $$$k$$$ such that you can cut out maximum number of copies of array $$$t$$$ from array $$$s$$$.
Cutting out the copy of $$$t$$$ means that for each element $$$t_i$$$ of array $$$t$$$ you have to find $$$t_i$$$ in $$$s$$$ and remove it from $$$s$$$. If for some $$$t_i$$$ you cannot find such element in $$$s$$$, then you cannot cut out one more copy of $$$t$$$. The both arrays can contain duplicate elements.
For example, if $$$s = [1, 2, 3, 2, 4, 3, 1]$$$ and $$$k = 3$$$ then one of the possible answers is $$$t = [1, 2, 3]$$$. This array $$$t$$$ can be cut out $$$2$$$ times.
 - To cut out the first copy of $$$t$$$ you can use the elements $$$[1, \underline{\textbf{2}}, 3, 2, 4, \underline{\textbf{3}}, \underline{\textbf{1}}]$$$ (use the highlighted elements). After cutting out the first copy of $$$t$$$ the array $$$s$$$ can look like $$$[1, 3, 2, 4]$$$.
 - To cut out the second copy of $$$t$$$ you can use the elements $$$[\underline{\textbf{1}}, \underline{\textbf{3}}, \underline{\textbf{2}}, 4]$$$. After cutting out the second copy of $$$t$$$ the array $$$s$$$ will be $$$[4]$$$.
Your task is to find such array $$$t$$$ that you can cut out the copy of $$$t$$$ from $$$s$$$ maximum number of times. If there are multiple answers, you may choose any of them.
Input
The first line of the input contains two integers $$$n$$$ and $$$k$$$ ($$$1 \le k \le n \le 2 \cdot 10^5$$$) — the number of elements in $$$s$$$ and the desired number of elements in $$$t$$$, respectively.
The second line of the input contains exactly $$$n$$$ integers $$$s_1, s_2, \dots, s_n$$$ ($$$1 \le s_i \le 2 \cdot 10^5$$$).
Output
Print $$$k$$$ integers — the elements of array $$$t$$$ such that you can cut out maximum possible number of copies of this array from $$$s$$$. If there are multiple answers, print any of them. The required array $$$t$$$ can contain duplicate elements. All the elements of $$$t$$$ ($$$t_1, t_2, \dots, t_k$$$) should satisfy the following condition: $$$1 \le t_i \le 2 \cdot 10^5$$$.
Examples
Input
7 3
1 2 3 2 4 3 1
Output
1 2 3
Input
10 4
1 3 1 3 10 3 7 7 12 3
Output
7 3 1 3
Input
15 2
1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1
Output
1 1
Note
The first example is described in the problem statement.
In the second example the only answer is $$$[7, 3, 1, 3]$$$ and any its permutations. It can be shown that you cannot choose any other array such that the maximum number of copies you can cut out would be equal to $$$2$$$.
In the third example the array $$$t$$$ can be cut out $$$5$$$ times.


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Controller Placements for Improving Flow Set-Up Reliability of Software-Defined Networks
- 18 Downloads
Software-defined networking (SDN) is a new networking paradigm that decouples control plane from the data plane. A switch in the data plane device sends a flow set-up request to the controller, a device in the control plane, upon the arrival of an unknown flow. The controller responds the request with a flow entry to be installed in the flow table of the switch. Link failures can cause disconnections between switches and controllers. Most existing research on controller placement in SDNs investigated controller placements without considering single-link-failure impact on the number of dropped flow set-up requests in SDNs. In this paper, we formulate a novel SDN controller placement problem with the aim to minimize the average number of dropped flow set-up requests due to the single-link-failure. We propose two efficient algorithms for multiple-controller placements. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithms achieve competitive performance in terms of average number of dropped flow set-up requests under single-link-failure and average latency of flow set-up requests.
KeywordsSoftware-defined network Reliability Single-link-failure Network controller
This work is partly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (61701162, U1836102), the Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation (1608085MF142), and the open project of State Key Laboratory of Complex Electromagnetic Environment Effects on Electronics and Information System (CEMEE2018Z0102B).
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- 14.Internet2 Open science, scholarship and services exchange. [Online]. Available: _URL_


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Reliquary Sentence Examples
Besides the silver shrine of St Simeon, many gold and silver ornaments, church vessels and old manuscripts, there are a set of vestments and a reliquary, believed by the monks to have been the property of St Sava.
The monstrance was formerly used of a reliquary, exposing the sacred object to view.
The back of the crucifix contains an empty reliquary with a sliding lid carved with symbols of the Passion.
The most treasured item in the procession is a copy of a golden reliquary said to hold a tooth of the Buddha.
The pieces of the cross are splinters put together in the shape of a cross inside the glass section of the small reliquary.Advertisement
The bones of Macarius, especially his head in a silver reliquary, were believed to work miraculous cures.
These include St Simon holding a glass reliquary containing a severed arm.
In a third version, that of Diu Crone, a long and confused romance, the origin of which has not been determined, the Grail appears as a reliquary, in which the Host is presented to the king, who once a year partakes alike of it and of the blood which flows from the lance.
What it is is not explained, but inasmuch as it is the vehicle in which is conveyed the Host on which the father of the Fisher king depends for nutriment, it seems not improbable that here, as in Diu CrOne, it is to be understood as a reliquary.
An early medieval reliquary from Littondale would have once been the precious possession of an Anglo-Saxon Christian.Advertisement
Fang reliquary head, co-founder of Sainsbury Collection with Guro dance mask African objects can be displayed in a variety of ways.
Among many fine pieces of jewellers' work preserved in the ecclesiastical treasuries may be mentioned the silver statuette of San Biagio, and the reliquary which contains his skull - a 17th-century casket in filigree and enamels with Byzantine medallions of the 11th or 12th century.
The Egyptian name was A bdu, " the hill of the symbol or reliquary," in which the sacred head of Osiris was preserved.
The hospital of St Jean, where the sick have been cared for since the 12th century, contains the chief works of Memling, including the famous reliquary of St Ursula.
In a great silver reliquary (modern) in the crypt lie the bones of St Ambrose,.Advertisement


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Sixth Form students at St Benedict's have this week been awarded for their work in two different Chemistry Competitions.
Firstly, Leah Dunn, Keira Morgan and Mary Kirsten Soriano (all year 12) were the winning team for our school in the Royal Society of Chemistry Schools' Analyst Competition.
All AS Chemistry students took part in this year's competition which was to help with the transformation of a family owned fish and chip restaurant. They wanted to change suppliers for some of their ingredients to those closer to the shop to reduce their carbon footprint and to support local businesses. They need to make sure that the quality of the food didn't suffer.
In order to do this students were required to analyse the local flour, potatoes and vinegar for qualities associated with truly excellent fish and chips. Students were required to complete 4 – 6 hours of lab time which allowed students to demonstrate and expand on their existing chemistry knowledge and skills.
The team will now be entered into a second round against other winning teams from the regiona for the chance to be crowned champions!
Also awarded this week, was Ava Leadbetter from Year 12, who received a Copper award for her work in the Cambridge Chemistry Challenge.
This competition aims to stretch and challenge students interested in chemistry, and provides an excellent experience for anyone considering taking their studies further. Set by an experienced team of teachers and university chemists, it is designed to be accessible to Year 12 students but will take them significantly beyond the syllabus and encourage them to think about science in the way they would at university. Past papers will provide a valuable resource for teachers.
This competition was open to students studying in the UK in Year 12 or below. It took the form of a 90 minute written paper which students took in school.


Empire Waists, Bustles and Lace is an exciting exhibition of the Museum's collection of historic dresses. When viewed in conjunction with the John Singer Sargent exhibition, the show enables visitors to see and experience a broader historical context of men's and women's fashion. Even though upstate New York was considered the edge of the western frontier in the 19th century, residents of the area kept up with New York City and the world in terms of fashion. The exhibition includes the oldest known example of a dress with a label, stunning examples of Empire, Romantic and Civil War era dresses and turn-of-the-20th century (Sargent era) items. Additionally, visitors will be able to peek at what was worn underneath the dresses which were vital to giving them their distinctive shapes.
Supported in part by The Coby Foundation.


Dear visitor,
About EGGER> Forestry> Forestry News> Road Infrastructure
What you need to think about when planning road infrastructure?
Road infrastructure is a huge capital cost
The decision to construct a road, whether large or small, within your forest requires very careful consideration. In most cases, road infrastructure represents the single largest capital cost outside of purchasing the forest or land.
In light of this, timing of when to start and how to phase a road building programme can require thorough planning in order to help both minimise the degree of financial exposure the forest owner will face as well as maximising the potential income from establishing infrastructure which should allow suitable access for operations such as establishment, tending and harvesting.
The design of the road needs careful thought. Access to allow for the uplift of harvested timber will require a road with a suitable firm construction to carry a maximum gross vehicle weight of 44 tonnes. Allowing for enough width to turn near the location of roadside timber and also allowing enough width on corners along the road are key to minimising the distance lorries need to run on as well as ensuring all road users remain safe when travelling. Some knowledge of the underlying geology, the soil structure and the location of available stone are essential.
Consideration also needs to be given to minimising the environmental impact of a new road. Factors such as managing watercourses, managing habitat and minimising the impact on local communities need to be given thought.
Over recent years, there has been a move towards lowering the impact caused by timber lorries within the forest through the use of systems such as Central Tyre Inflation (CTI) which allows the driver to reduce tyre pressure when travelling off the public road. Specific 'in-forest' haulage systems can also be used, which can consist of a simple 4-wheel drive tractor and trailer or something more specific, such as a purpose built unit capable of moving large quantities of timber out to a landing area close to the public road. Whilst there is usually an additional cost associated with running these systems, it can usually be offset by reducing the cost of ongoing road maintenance.
To find out more information about road construction, watch our Prince of Wales Woodlands case study on YouTube: watch video here.


verify that WinRM is running on your Windows instance, run the command:
winrm e winrm/config/listener
The successful output will be something like this:
C:\Windows\system32>winrm e winrm/config/listener
Listener
Address = *
Transport = HTTP
Port = 5985
Hostname
Enabled = true
URLPrefix = wsman
CertificateThumbprint
ListeningOn = 127.0.0.1, ....
Listener
Address = *
Transport = HTTPS
Port = 5986
Hostname = EC2AMAZ-Q0MO0AP
Enabled = true
URLPrefix = wsman
CertificateThumbprint = 1A1A1A1A1A1A1A1A1A1A1
ListeningOn = 127.0.0.1, ...
For more information about EC2 and WinRM, see the following:
If the default methods for setting up WinRM in your Windows instances is not working, try the script listed here: Configure a Windows host for remote management with Ansible.
Set Up the WinRM Connection in Harness
Add a WinRM connection in Harness to execute deployment steps on the remote Windows servers.
 1. Mouseover Continuous Security, and then click Secrets Management. The Secrets Management page appears.
 2. Under Executions Credentials, click WinRM Connection. The WinRM Connection Attributes dialog appears.
 3. Fill out the WinRM Connection Attributes dialog and click SUBMIT. The WinRM Connection Attributes dialog has the following fields.
Field
Description
Name
Name to identify the connection. You will use this name to identify this connection when setting up the Connection Attributes in the environment Service Infrastructure.
Auth Scheme
Specifies the mechanism used to authenticate the credentials used in this connection. Currently only NTLM is supported.
Domain
The Active Directory domain name where the user account in the credentials is registered. This can be left blank when using a local user.
User Name / Password
The user account credentials for this connection. The user must belong to the same Active Directory domain as the Windows instances that this connection uses. These are the same user account credentials you would use to log into the VM using a remote connection such as Microsoft Remote Desktop.
Use SSL
Enables an HTTPS connection instead of an HTTP connection. SSL is recommended.
Skip Cert Check
When connected over HTTPS (Use SSL in enabled), the client does not validate server certificate.
WinRM Port
Specifies the network port on the remote computer to use.
To connect to a remote computer, the remote computer must be listening on the port that the connection uses. The default ports are 5985, which is the WinRM port for HTTP, and 5986, which is the WinRM port for HTTPS.
To determine what ports WinRM is listening on, use the command:
winrm e winrm/config/listener
Cloud Provider Connection
Add a connection to the Cloud Provider where the IIS website, application, or virtual directory will be deployed.
 1. Click Setup, and then click Cloud Providers. The Cloud Providers page appears.
 2. Click Add Cloud Provider. The Cloud Provider dialog appears.
 3. In Type, select the type of cloud provider you want to add, such as Amazon Web Services or Microsoft Azure. The dialog settings will change for each cloud provider.
 4. Enter the cloud provider account information, and then click SUBMIT. For account details and Harness permission requirements for the different providers, see Add Cloud Providers (AWS, Azure).
 Once you have created Harness applications and environments, you can return to this dialog and add Usage Scope on which applications and environments may use this provider.
For certain Cloud Providers, such as AWS, instead of using account information to set up the Cloud Provider, you can install a Harness Delegate in your VPC and use its credentials for your Cloud Provider. After you install the Delegate, you add a Tag to the Delegate, and then simply select that Tag in the Cloud Provider dialog. For an example, see Installation Example: Amazon Web Services and ECS.
Artifact Server Connection
Add a connection to the Artifact Server where Harness can pull the IIS website, application, or virtual directory artifact.
If you are using the same Cloud Provider as artifact server, then you can skip this step. For example, if you added AWS EC2 as a Cloud Provider and you are using AWS S3 as an artifact server, you do not need to add AWS S3 as an artifact server. You can simply use the same AWS connection.
 1. Click Setup, and then click Connectors. The Connectors page appears.
 2. Click Artifact Server, and then click Add Artifact Server. The artifact server dialog appears.
 3. In Type, click the artifact source you want to use. The dialog settings will change for each server.
 4. Enter the artifact server information and click SUBMIT. For account details and Harness permission requirements for the different servers, such as SMB and SFTP, see Add Artifact Servers.
 Once you have created Harness applications and environments, you can return to this dialog and add Usage Scope on which applications and environments may use this server.
Now that you have connected the IIS artifact server and a cloud provider, and configured a WinRM connection to execute deployment steps on the remote Windows servers, you can add your Harness application.
Azure Storage is not currently supported as an Artifact Source. Azure Container Registry is supported for Docker and Kubernetes deployments.
IIS Deployment Overview
The following procedures pull IIS website, application, and virtual directory metadata from AWS S3 and deploy them to a Windows instance in AWS EC2 or a Microsoft Azure VM. Both deployment environments are explained. To deploy an IIS website, application, and virtual directory, follow the procedures below.
Add Harness Application
A Harness application is a logical grouping of the services, environments, and workflows for your IIS website deployment.
To add the IIS application, do the following:
 1. Click Setup, and then click Add Application. The Application dialog appears.
 2. Enter the name for your application, such as IIS-Example, and click SUBMIT. Your new application appears.
 3. Click your application's name. The application entities appear. These are the tools you will use to define and execute your deployment.
Add IIS Website Service
Services include artifact sources, deployment specifications, and configuration variables. For more information, see Add a Service.
In this procedure you will define which artifact(s) to use for your IIS Website. Harness will then create a Deployment Specification using PowerShell.
To add a service for your IIS Website, do the following:
 1. In your application, Click Services, and then click Add Server. The Service dialog appears.
 2. Give the service a name, such as IIS-website.
 3. In Artifact Type, select IIS Website.
 4. Click SUBMIT. The service is displayed. In Service Overview you can see the name and type of your service.
 5. To add the artifact source for your IIS website, click Add Artifact Source. A list of artifact source types appears.
 6. Click the artifact source type. The artifact sources consist of the cloud providers and build servers you added earlier. For this guide, we will use Amazon S3. Harness also supports other popular Windows protocols such as SMB and SFTP.
 7. For the Amazon S3 example, in Cloud Provider, select the S3 provider you added earlier. Harness connects to the provider automatically
 8. In Bucket, select one of the buckets in the S3. The list is automatically populated by Harness.
 9. In Artifact Path, select the file(s) for your IIS website. The list is automatically populated by Harness. For this guide, we will use a zip file.
 For WinRM connections, Harness does not use direct artifact copy when you set up the Service. Metadata is supported and is used to download the artifact directly on to the Windows Host during deployment runtime. For this reason, ensure that the target host has connectivity to the Artifact Server before deploying.
 When you are finished, the Artifact Source will look something like this:
 10. Click SUBMIT. Harness builds the service, including the Deployment Specification.
 The Deployment Specification section is automatically filled the Install IIS Website template, which pulls the artifact, expands it, creates the Application Pool (AppPool) and creates the website. Later you will create the environment where the scripts will be executed.
 To add more scripts, mouseover anywhere in the script and click the plus icon:
By default the Install IIS Website Template is linked to the template in the Template Library and its scripts cannot be edited in the Service (although its variables may be edited). To modify its scripts, you must copy the template instead of linking to it. To do this, in the Deployment Specification, click Add Command, select From Template Library, select the Install IIS Website Template, and choose Copy instead of Link.
The template is copied to the Service and you can modify its scripts.
Install IIS Website Template
When you create a Service of type IIS Website, a link to the Install IIS Website template is added to the Service. The template contains the following script steps:
 - Download Artifacts - As noted earlier, for WinRM connections, Harness does not use direct artifact copy when you set up the Service. Meta-data is supported and is used to download the artifact directly on to the Windows Host during deployment runtime. Ensure the target host has connectivity to your Artifact Server.
 - Expand Artifacts - PowerShell script runs to expand the artifact.
 - Create App Pool - See Application Pools below.
 - Create Website - PowerShell script to create the IIS Website.
For more information on templates, see Use Templates.
Template Variables
To edit the variables used in the Install IIS Website Template


text: This paper presents a heuristic optimization method for cooling channels with internal repeated-rib roughness. The method rapidly explores a design space to simultaneously optimize two geometric parameters, channel length, and rib roughness ratio. For a rapid and accurate optimization, the method combines a heuristic optimization technique, simulated annealing (SA), and numerically derived closed-form models of heat transfer and pressure drop. It is shown that approximately 1 million designs are evaluated within 6 s, resulting in optimal designs having minimal thermal resistance for given pressure thresholds. Closed-form correlations for developing and fully developed flow are derived by evaluating discrete design points using a finite volume model (FVM). The derived correlations predict the channel properties with acceptable ranges of mean absolute error (<5% for Nusselt number and < 15% for pressure drop) against the FVM. Optimal channel designs exhibit up to about 12 times greater performance factor compared to smooth channels, supporting the efficacy of optimization. The introduced method demonstrates the potential of rapid numerical optimization method in designing heat transfer devices with complex geometries.


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Cardiff City Tour
This tour explores the 'Avenues and Alleyways' of Cardiff City Centre, uncovering its nooks and crannies and its inner secrets. Discover Cardiff's rich and varied history. Trace its origins as a modest Roman port, via the influence of the Normans, its prominent role in the court of Elizabeth 1st, the remarkable prosperity of the entrepreneurial Victorian era when it dominated the world's coal industry – culminating in today's modern, vibrant and cosmopolitan centre, one of Europe's youngest capital cities.
The walk will take in the Civic Centre, Market, Arcades, Principality Stadium and Castle


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This one of a kind plane was the first aircraft to be manufactured at Dallas Love Field by the first commercial company licensed to sell airplanes in Texas. It was developed and flown in 1927 by George W. Williams,Jr. the first man to design and build an airplane in the state. Williams, along with his brother E.K. Williams (publisher of the Temple Daily Telegraph) was well underway with construction of a 4 acre production factory here at Love Field, until the stock market crash of 1929. The "Texas Temple" monoplane was eventually built in four different versions by his Texas Aero Corporation.
This "Texas Temple" Sportsman monoplane (987N) was the last production airplane completed by the Texas Aero Corporation in 1930. It was flown in the Fort Worth/Dallas area by Ralph Doshier and Ted VonRosenberg who helped to build it. Its original 10 cylinder Anzani engine of 100 hp was obtained from Clyde Cessna. It was reconstructed from the parts of the original aircraft that Jerry Ferrel discovered at Russell Field south of Fort Worth. It is the only remaining example in the world.
This aircraft was donated by its restorer Jerry Ferrel of Temple Texas.


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A theoretical model for digestive ripening
Recently, gram quantities of monodisperse gold or silver nanoparticles were reported to be produced through a digestive ripening process, in which colloidal particles of size from 2 to 40 nm are transformed to nearly monodisperse particles of 4-5 nm diameter. Digestive ripening, an example for inverse Ostwald ripening, is a puzzling phenomenon since it appears to avoid the usual capillary consequence, i.e., reduction of interfacial free energy. This paper presents a theoretical model which accounts for the self-assembled monodisperse state of such nanoparticles by considering the effect of charges, and therefore electrostatic energy, in the coarsening behavior of the particles. An appropriate Gibbs-Thomson equation is first derived, and then particle growth rates are calculated. The results show that success of a monodisperse state depends on, among other things, the initial particle distribution, and the size distribution at equilibrium follows some of the thermodynamic principles observed in binary phase diagrams of alloy systems. © 2007 Acta Materialia Inc.
A theoretical model for digestive ripening.
Retrieved from: _URL_


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Shape type sections allow you to visually organize your information in different ways. You can use our these shapes by accessing our template gallery.
Each of Stormboard's built-in section shapes work with our custom smart reporting, which means that when you run a report, it will know exactly where in the shape your notes are located.
There are six types of shapes:
Circles (used in various ways, e.g. a pie chart)
Concentric Circles (Visualize a group of data within a group of data.)
Fishbone (Identify the causes of a problem)
Funnel - (Move ideas through a process)
Venn diagram - (Categorize your ideas and find their similarities and differences)
Bullseye Diagram - (Determine how close to your objectives your notes are)
Note: For Business and Enterprise subscribers you can add any of these diagrams to any section by changing a section type in your Storm. If you are on a trial or Personal Plan and would like to upgrade to a paid account, visit our pricing page.
To change the section type:
1. Click the pencil icon in the top right corner of the section you would like to edit.
2. A menu will pop-up. Click the tab labeled Type.
3. Select Shape in the Section Type drop-down.
4. Select the shape you want to use in the Shape drop-down.
5. Edit the customizable options to get the shape you want.
6. Click Save Changes.
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- feeling or showing envy of someone or their achievements and advantages；feeling or showing suspicion of someone's unfaithfulness in a relationship
- 1. feeling or showing envy of someone or their achievements and advantages:
he grew jealous of her success
- 2. feeling or showing suspicion of someone's unfaithfulness in a relationship:
a jealous boyfriend
- 3. fiercely protective or vigilant of one's rights or possessions:
Howard is still a little jealous of his authority
they kept a jealous eye over their interests
- 4. (of God) demanding faithfulness and exclusive worship.
- adj.feeling or showing an envious resentment of someone or their achievements, possessions, or perceived advantages:
- she was always jealous of me
Powered by Oxford Dictionary of English 3e
...quot;thinking someone you love loves another person more than you " jealous通常翻譯為嫉妒的，善妒的 或者對誰產生嫉妒懷疑不忠 例句中of之後接的是這...
You're jealous與You're just jealous文法都正確. just只是個副詞, 意思是"只是...的語意是針對某個特定時刻的狀態或表現, 平常並非如此. You are jealous. 你吃醋; 你嫉妒. You are being jealous. 你(一時)在吃醋...
...有一樣意思 只是看你的口氣喔 像 "OHMYGOSH IM SO JEALOUS" 那樣帶給別人說 "哇 我超忌妒的" 那不就是羨慕了嘛? 所以其實...


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Physical or built capital provides a range of benefits for communities ranging from transportation to housing. These services provided by infrastructure are crucial elements that a community requires to function. "One unique aspect of physical capital is its immobility" (Green and Haines, 2016). The condition of physical capital also has important connections to other capitals. For example, adequate transportation infrastructure can help ensure that community members are able to get to work successfully, enhancing human and financial capital.
In Milton, VT construction is being finished on a bridge that spans the Lamoille River. This bridge is also part of I-89, a major interstate in Vermont. The project began in January, 2014 and paving the new bridge began last month. "The original bridges were built in 1967 and showed signs of fatigue, state engineers said" (Lamdin, 2016). Physical capital can provide services for long periods of time but maintenance is required to ensure safety and efficiency. The bridge project also involves a number of local subcontractors such as Donald H. Turner Excavation, LLC. This Milton-based utility service company has helped with excavating for the new bridge. This project is also part Vermont's Agency of Transportation's Accelerated Bridge Program. "Today, the program continues to deliver projects quickly and relies on accelerated bridge construction as a means to reduce road closure durations" (VTrans, 2016). The Accelerated Bridge Program acknowledges the challenges of construction and maintenance, and strives to minimize the difficulties in keeping physical capital functioning.
Physical capital such as roads, housing, and sewage systems allow a community to function. In Milton, VT a major bridge that has allowed travel up and down I-89 is almost fully functional again. This maintenance project will help people to get from Milton to Franklin County more easily and ensure the safe travel of others using I-89. The ability to travel safely is beneficial to human capital and the access to reliable transportation networks can ensure access to jobs outside of Milton.
Green, G. P., & Haines, A. (2016). Asset Building & Community Development. Los Angeles, Calif.: SAGE Publications.
Lamdin, C. (2016, November 3). Bridge project to begin paving. Milton Independent.
U. (n.d.). I-89 Bridges. Retrieved from _URL_
VTrans. (2016). Accelerated Bridge Program. Retrieved from _URL_