text:
violent colonialist legacy'
A group of
astronomers is trying to change the name of the Milky Way's two brightest
satellite galaxies because of the "violent colonialist" they are
named after. The push to rebrand
the Large Magellanic Cloud and Small Magellanic Cloud, named after the
16th-century Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, is being led by Dr
Mia de los Reyes, an assistant professor of astronomy at Amherst College in
Reyes recently published an op-ed in the journal APS Physics where she made her case for the proposed switch, branding Magellan "a coloniser, a slaver and a murderer" because of what he did while sailing around the world 500 years ago. A first-hand account of Magellan's expedition detailed in Reyes' essay described how Magellan and his men enslaved the Tehuelche people in what is now Argentina.
"He placed iron manacles on the 'youngest and best proportioned' men, telling them that the manacles were gifts," the astronomer wrote. "In what became Guam and the Philippines, Magellan and his men burned villages and killed their inhabitants." The Portuguese became the first person to circumnavigate the globe, between 1519 and 1522.
During the expedition, a man on the ship wrote about two groups of stars that looked like clouds in the night sky in the Southern Hemisphere. They were later named the Large Magellanic Cloud and Small Magellanic Cloud, and became significant in astronomy because they were full of stellar bodies and offered scientists some of the best opportunities to study star formation.
Reyes argued indigenous people had their own names for the clouds well before Magellan and his men noted their appearance in the night sky. "Magellan made no astronomical discoveries, and for many, he continues to be a symbol of imperialist and anti-Indigenous violence," she wrote.
"I and many other astronomers believe that astronomical objects and facilities should not be named after Magellan, or after anyone else with a violent colonialist legacy." Last year some scientists and astronomers tried and failed to change the name of the James Webb Space Telescope, over allegations James Webb discriminated against, and fired, homosexual staff from the US federal force in the 1950s and '60s.
Mouse Embryos Grown in Space for First Time
Mouse embryos have been grown on the International Space Station and developed normally in the first study indicating it could be possible for humans to reproduce in space, a group of Japanese scientists said.
The researchers, including Teruhiko Wakayama, professor of University of Yamanashi's Advanced Biotechnology Centre, and a team from the Japan Aerospace Space Agency (JAXA), sent frozen mouse embryos on board a rocket to the ISS in August 2021.
Astronauts thawed the early-stage embryos using a special device designed for this purpose and grew them on the station for four days. "The embryos cultured under microgravity conditions developed" normally into blastocysts, cells that develop into the foetus and placenta, the scientists said.
The experiment "clearly demonstrated that gravity had no significant effect," the researchers said in a study that was published online in the scientific journal iScience on Saturday. They also said there were no significant changes in condition of the DNA and genes, after they analysed the blastocysts that were sent back to their laboratories on Earth.
This is "the first-ever study that shows mammals may be able to thrive in space," University of Yamanashi and national research institute Riken said in a joint statement on Saturday. It is "the world's first experiment that cultured early-stage mammalian embryos under complete microgravity of ISS," the statement said. "In the future, it will be necessary to transplant the blastocysts that were cultured in ISS's microgravity into mice to see if mice can give birth" to confirm that the blastocysts are normal, it added.
Such research could be important for future space exploration and colonisation missions. Under its Artemis programme, NASA plans to send humans back to the Moon in order to learn how to live there long-term to help prepare a trip to Mars, sometime towards the end of the 2030s.
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Size: 23 x 33cm, opening to 46 x 33cm. Designed for use in Australia and New Zealand, with public holidays and school terms. Price: $20 for one, $15 for two or more, $13 each for ten or more. For Ordering see the website: _URL_
Move Shoot Move 3-Axis Smartphone Adapter for Telescope
Reviewed by David Reneke, Mid North Coast Astronomy Group (NSW, Australia)
I recently had the pleasure of testing out the Move Shoot Move 3-Axis Smartphone Adapter for Telescope, and let me tell you, this little gadget is an absolute game-changer for astrophotography enthusiasts. Right off the bat, the all-metal gears on this phone adapter caught my eye. The craftsmanship is beautiful, and you can feel the sturdiness in your hands. The durability of this adapter ensures it can withstand the demands of outdoor use, and it exudes a quality that is truly commendable.
What sets the Move Shoot Move adapter apart is its ingenious design. Unlike other smartphone adapters, this one features three directional knobs (X, Y, and Z axis) that make aligning your phone's camera with the eyepiece a seamless process. In mere seconds, you can achieve perfect alignment, eliminating the need to constantly hold your phone, allowing you to focus on capturing that perfect image.
Ease of use is a critical factor for any accessory, and the Move Shoot Move adapter excels in this regard. The three-axis adjustment knobs make aligning the phone camera to the eyepiece an absolute cinch. Swapping eyepieces under the phone has never been easier, saving valuable time during those crucial moments. Compatibility is always a concern when it comes to accessories, but fear not with this adapter. It works flawlessly with a wide range of mobile phone models, including the latest offerings from Samsung, Google, and Apple. The digiscoping adapter's compatibility with eyepieces ranging from 0.86 to 2.4 inches in diameter ensures versatility in various setups.
As if the adapter itself wasn't impressive enough, the inclusion of the Bluetooth shutter release is a true blessing. This thoughtful addition reduces touch-related vibrations, resulting in clearer images. It's a small gift with a big impact, enhancing the overall user experience and making this package even more valuable. The Move Shoot Move 3-Axis Smartphone Adapter for Telescope is a stellar addition to any astrophotographer's toolkit. Its durability, unique design, ease of use, broad compatibility, and the added bonus of the Bluetooth shutter release make it a standout product. I wholeheartedly recommend it to fellow astronomy enthusiasts looking to elevate their astrophotography game. It's a game-changer you won't want to miss out on
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ATRO ANARCHY AS OUR SPONSOR: My business partner Peter Davies and I have set up a new Astro Tourism business focusing on the recently 'Dark Sky Town' accredited to Norfolk Island. We call it 'Norfolk Island STARGAZING'. When approached, Pete from Astro Anarchy had no hesitation in organizing and supplying all our Telescopes, Binoculars and associated gear to get started. Nothing was any trouble allowing us more than enough time to set up and become fully operational. He and he and his business come highly recommended for anyone wanting any astronomical gear in Australia.
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CLICK to listen To Just a Couple Of Past Interviews
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text:
A complex speech sound or perhaps glide which usually commences with just one Irish vowel and progressively develops to a new Irish vowel while in the very same syllable, as (oi) in boil or (i) in fine. A diphthong when it comes to Irish language (literally indicates "two sounds" or "two tones"), typically known as a gliding vowel. Irish diphthong is recognized as two neighboring vowel sounds occurring while in the very same syllable.
Basically, a Irish diphthong is a vowel having two varying objectives – which is, your tongue moves in the course of the pronunciation of your vowel. Learn More
Diphthongs present in Irish language differenciate with monophthongs, while the tongue does not rotate and simply one particular vowel sound is actually heard in a syllable. Where two adjacent vowel sounds occur in different syllables-for instance, in the English word re-elect the result is identified as break, and not as a diphthong.
Learn Irish Language Online
Diphthongs in Irish Language generally form when ever individual Irish vowels are generally operated mutually in rapid conversation during a dialogue in Irish Language.
|Diphthongs are generally irregular and can be learned only by experience. For example, 'ai' in "Corcaigh" (the city and county of Cork) is pronounced like the 'i' in "dig" but the 'ai' in "faic" (nothing) is pronounced like the 'a' in "hack", and the 'ai' in "haigh!" (hi!, transliteration of a loan-word) is pronounced like the 'i' in "high".||
Select the hyperlinks below to find a list of beneficial Irish travel keyword phrases that are sorted by category. For each holiday word or phrase in Irish, you will find the English interpretation.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
- Description of a model for the calculation of breeding values for profitability
|Last update: November 22, 2010 12:27:19 PM|
Description of a model for the calculation of breeding values for profitability
M. J. Herselman
Grootfontein Agricultural Development Institute, Private Bag X529, Middelburg, EC, 5900, South Africa.
E-mail: Tino Herselman
Currently, the selection of breeding animals through the National Small Stock Improvement Scheme (NSSIS) in South Africa is based on indices and estimated breeding values for different production traits. The net result of such selection is an increase in production or income per head and not necessarily per unit of available resource. The income from an individual sheep is directly related to the level of production of that animal, whereas the income from a sheep farming enterprise is determined by the efficiency of converting available grazing material into products. For the farm enterprise, the available grazing material is the primary limiting factor. In the South African context, where vast areas of land are of relative low potential and where too much pressure is already placed on the natural resource, it is of particular importance that livestock is bred to increase income per unit of available resource and not per head. Continuously breeding bigger animals with higher nutritional requirements will inevitably result in more pressure being placed on the veld if animal numbers are not decreased accordingly. Currently, body weight is the most important trait considered during selection in the stud and commercial sheep and goat industries and it can therefore be expected that these animals will have ever-increasing nutritional requirements. The purpose of this paper is to propose a concept for incorporation into the NSSIS, which will enable breeders to select wool sheep for their potential to generate income within the limitation of the primary resource. A database was created consisting of ewe body weight (BW), clean fleece weight (CFW), clean wool price (CWP), number of Iambs born per ewe per year (LB), meat price (MP) and farm profit (PROFIT). Different combinations (243) of the first five variables were taken arbitrary and farm profit (R/SSU) was calculated for each of the 243 records with the SM2000 model of Herselman (2002). Amongst others, the following aspects are already built into SM2000 or were specifically included before the calculations were performed: generation of a growth curve for Iambs from adult ewe body weight; a 2 kg increase in body weight results in lambs to be marketed one month earlier; meat price of cull ewes (adult) is taken as 85% of that of lambs; the wool production of lambs is calculated from that of adult ewes; the small stock unit equivalents (SSU) are calculated from ME intake which in turn is calculated from the production data using the formulas of the ARC (1980). Subsequently, a multiple linear regression was fitted on the data (243 records) with PROFIT as dependent variable and BW, CFW, CWP, LB and MP as independent variables (Equation 1).
PROFIT (R/SSU) = -200.02 - 1.47BW + 28CFW + 2.8CWP + 67LB + 8.45MP (R2 = 0.97)
Equation 1 can be used in this format for the calculation of profit of a wool sheep farming enterprise from the average production data of the farm and relevant wool and meat prices. Subsequently, CWP in Equation! was substituted with a prediction equation whereby CWP is calculated from fibre diameter (FD), FD2 and staple length (SL). The wool prices for different micron and staple length categories for this equation were obtained from Cape Wools SA for the production seasons of 1997/98 to 2002/03. Likewise, MP in Equation 1 was substituted with the average meat price of the same period. The equation was further expanded to obtain an equation for the calculation of a breeding value for Farm Profit from estimated breeding values (ebv's) of the other production traits (Equation 2).
PROFITebv(R/SSU) = -998.16 - 1.47BWebv + 28CFWebv + 0.25SLebv - 106.23FDebv + 2.2634(21 + FDebv)2 + 67LBebv
The model for the calculation of breeding values for profitability has been computerized in a spreadsheet format, which enables easy re-calculation with other baseline values. The application of PROFITebv as a selection criterion will be evaluated in practice before implementation in the NSSIS.


text: This paper partitioned five major coal mining areas respectively in central, southern and eastern Jilin Province for case study based on current situation of exploitation and distribution of coal resources through artificial neural network(ANN) and the 3S technology to gain soil erosion loss mass. On the basis of RUSLE equation, BP neural network is fused to gain the rainfall erosion index of higher precision than those of traditional method. By extracting of indices and raster calculation on the platform of ERDAS and ArcGIS software, we made predication of soil erosion loss of the coal mining areas. After verification, the precision of rainfall erosion index is high, and thus improved the predicting accuracy of soil erosion. Comparative analysis shows that the soil erosion in central section of Jilin Province has much lower intensity, and high degree erosion occurred in the east and south mostly.


PPDL Picture of the Week
September 4, 2018
Hallowheart of Watermelons
Wenjing Guan, Clinical Engagement Assistant Professor-SWPAC, Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University
Hollowheart of watermelons is a physiological fruit disorder. Flesh separate inside of the fruit, typically forming three gaps (Figure 1 and 2). In severe cases, hollowheart could cause watermelon load rejection.
Watermelon fruit that has hollowheart tends to be triangular shaped. Poor pollination is the primary reason causing hollowheart. Scientists were able to approve that seedless watermelons are more likely to develop hollowheart when the pollenizer plants (diploid watermelons) are located further away from the seedless plants. The study found hollow heart incidence started to increase when the distance between the seedless plant and the pollenizer plant is more than 6 feet.
Cold weather and the lack of bee movement during pollination period also cause poor pollination. Some growers use mixed pollenizer plants with different flowering peaks to ensure availability of pollens matching the blooming period of seedless plants. Bumblebees, in addition to honeybees, are used. This is partly because bumblebees are relatively more active at relatively low temperatures and low light intensity conditions.
In addition to poor pollination, water and fertility management are also believed to affect the incidence of hollow heart. The assumption is that hollow heart is caused when the fruit inner cells can not keep pace with the expansion rate of the rind, and this situation is more likely to occur on 'forced' plant, for example, planting with excessive fertilizers.
Incidence of hollowheart occurs more frequently in crown-set fruit compared to lateral-set fruit, part of the reason is that crown-fruit have larger intercellular spaces with fewer and larger cells. It could also because crown-fruit set earlier in the season when environmental factors such as low temperatures are more likely to affect pollination.
Although hollowheart symptom was observed on both seedless and seeded watermelons, seedless watermelons tend to have more hollowheart than the seeded watermelons. Under the same environmental conditions, yellow and orange-fleshed watermelon varieties tend to have the most severe hollowheart symptoms. Among typical seedless watermelon varieties, a negative correlation existed between watermelon flesh firmness and the ratings of hollowheart. Firmer fleshed-watermelons have lower hollowheart ratings.
Click image to enlarge


text:
Proceedings of The 6th International Conference on Social sciences, Humanities and Education
Economic conditions of Georgian Church and Monasteries in the XI – beginning of the XIII century (based on Historical Documents)
Georgian Church has always been an important player in the political and economic history of the country. Throughout centuries its strength has been based not only on its ideological influence but also its economic strength.
The present paper studies the economic conditions of the Georgian Church based on the surviving historical documents from the XI c. to the beginning of the XIII centuries: "Report by Melkhisedek Catholicos to the Cathedral of Mtskheta ", "Written by the Head Priest St. Nicolao", "Deeds by King George to Georgian Church" and others. Through these documents, we can trace the relationship between the King or a particular feudal lord and the Church, the social circle of church donors, economic status of the feudal lord, the growth of the property of the churches and monasteries, and the complicated relationship between the Church and the State: the Church with its growing wealth striving to be "a state within a state" and the State aiming to gain the support of the Church as the most influential institution and at the same time trying to control this influence. The paper also gives analysis of various kinds of taxes and grants paid to the Church, and the structure of the church property management board.
keywords: Georgian Church, economic history

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


Update: Ghana-La Côte D'Ivoire Maritime Boundary Dispute
csm_AQ_ITLOS_Wallocha_280315__27__148b10dd7dOn 23rd September 2017, the Special Chamber of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS) will deliver its judgment in the Dispute Concerning Delimitation of the Maritime Boundary between Ghana and Côte d'Ivoire in the Atlantic Ocean (Ghana/Côte d'Ivoire)[1].
Hearings in respect of the substantive matter commenced on 6 February 2017 and ended on 16 February 2017.
Judge Boualem Bouguetaia, the President of the Special Chamber constituted to deal with the dispute presided over the hearing. Rüdiger Wolfrum, Germany, and Jin-Hyun Paik, the Republic of Korea are the other judges on the panel hearing the case. Ad hoc judges Thomas Mensah, Ghana, and Ronny Abraham, France, were selected by Ghana and Cote d'Ivoire, respectively, pursuant to the rules of the ITLOS.
Ahead of that, here is a summary of the key issues involved in the dispute.
What is the dispute about?
La Côte d'Ivoire is claiming that Ghana has undertaken and continues to undertake oil exploration activities in its waters. Ghana denies that. Ghana argues that all of its oil exploration activities are within Ghana's territorial waters.
 Beneath the claims lies the question as to whether there is an established maritime boundary between the two states. Whereas Ghana argues that a customary equidistance boundary line should be used in determining the maritime boundary, La Côte d'Ivoire is urging on the Tribunal a bisector approach.
What is Ghana's position?
AT_ITLOS_Schiller_090217__B___800x534_Ghana argues that there is not dispute around the fact that there has been no formal attempt at delimiting the maritime boundaries between Ghana and La Côte d'Ivoire. Ghana, however, asserts that for about half of a century both states had mutually recognised and agreed that their maritime boundary was established on the basis of the equidistance rule. Ghana also asserted that Côte d'Ivoire abided by the tacitly agreed boundary and only changed its mind when Ghana announced that it had found oil in commercial quantities.
Ghana accused La Côte d'Ivoire of being inconsistent regarding the method to be used in delimiting the maritime boundary between the two countries. Ghana argued that each of La Côte d'Ivoire's suggested approach to delimiting the maritime boundaries between the two states had the effect of cutting sharply across the coastal projection of the Ghanaian coastline, and thereby severely reducing Ghana's maritime entitlement.
Ghana also argued that La Côte d'Ivoire's constantly changing approach had the effect of causing "considerable uncertainty in the development of Ghana's petroleum sector". Ghana added that "La Côte d'Ivoire's inconsistent approach to the maritime boundary has greatly prejudiced Ghana as Ghana has acted in good faith, relied on La Côte d'Ivoire's long standing acceptance of the customary equidistance boundary by engaging in long term capital intensive, offshore exploitation and exploration program based on the expectation that these investments would provide a solid and sustainable basis for its economic development."
 What is La Côte d'Ivoire's position?
BJ_ITLOS_Schiller_090217__Q___800x534_Naturally, Cote d'Ivoire denies Ghana's presentation of the facts. For instance, whereas Ghana argued that La Côte d'Ivoire stood by and did nothing whiles huge investments were being made in the disputed area, La Côte d'Ivoire argued that "from 1993 following the death of Félix Houphouet-Boigny, La Côte d'Ivoire gradually slipped into a lengthy period of serious political and social instability." They continued: "these internal political tensions led to a military coup and then a civil war, which destabilized the country significantly." It was only up until 2007 that some stability was restored.
 La Côte d'Ivoire also denies any notion of a "tacitly agreed customary maritime boundary." They maintain that the maritime boundary between La Côte d'Ivoire and Ghana is yet to be delimited. In their words "there is no formal or tacit agreement on delimitation of boundary and Ghana cannot silence La Côte d'Ivoire by applying the doctrine of estoppel."
 What has happened so far?
images-4On 27 February 2015, La Côte d'Ivoire requested the chamber to prescribe provisional measures for the protection of its rights to exclusively explore and exploit the oil and gas resources in that part of the Atlantic Ocean. It requested the chamber to make an order requesting Ghana to (a) suspend all ongoing exploration and exploitation activities in the disputed areas; (b) desist from issuing permits for the exploitation and exploration of oil in the disputed area; (c) ensure that information gathered by Ghana from its exploration activities in the disputed area is not used to the detriment of La Côte d'Ivoire. They ask the court to restrain Ghana from any unilateral step that has the potential to aggravate the dispute and affect the rights of La Côte d'Ivoire prejudicially.
Ghana, amongst others, argued that the total cessation of exploitation and exploration activities would cause Ghana irreparable damage considering the sums of money spent on developing the area under the dispute.
The Tribunal did not accede to La Côte d'Ivoire's request that Ghana suspends all ongoing exploration and exploitation activities in the disputed areas. The tribunal noted that "suspension of ongoing activities conducted by Ghana in respect of which drilling has already taken place would entail considerable financial loss to Ghana and its concessionaires." The Chamber, however, pursuant to Article 290 of the Convention on the Law of the Sea, prescribed that Ghana takes all necessary steps to ensure "no new drilling either by Ghana or under its control takes place in the disputed area," to prevent information regarding exploration that is "not already in public domain from being used in any way whatsoever to the detriment of Côte d'Ivoire," and "refrain from any unilateral action that might lead to aggravating the dispute." It was further unanimously decided by the chamber that both parties submit a report detailing compliance with the measures by May 25, 2015.
What are the implications of a judgment in favour of Ghana?
Its is not hard to tell. A judgment in favour of Ghana will mean that a lot of businesses that have invested heavily in the oil exploration especially in the Deep Water Tano Block (made up of the Jubilee and TEN fields) will be deeply relieved.
What are the implications of a ruling in favour of Ivory Coast?
A ruling in favour of Ivory will definitely be bad news for Ghana. This would mean that all the oil blocks and concessions that have been given will fall into disarray. It may also mean a renegotiation of key contracts. Additionally, Ghana's economy will be hard it as revenue from petroleum exploration will drop significantly.
[1] (Case No. 23).
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 Good background to the dispute.
 Eagerly awaiting the Chamber's decision
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Female Officer History
Female officer history :
The first woman hired in the United States as a Police Officer was Alice Stebbin Wells.
She was born on June 13 1873.
Alice was a pentecostal minister in Kansas, and through her work with the church, became familiar with issues involving juveniles and women and their victimization in crime.
Particularly due to their vulnerabilities, and what she believed to be an inability of the Police to empathize with their plight, Alice decided to pursue a career with the Police.
It wasn't easy. She wasn't welcomed in with open arms. Alice petitioned the Los Angeles Mayor, police commissioner and city council, before she was finally successful. Alice joined the Los Angeles Police Department, and was sworn in on September 12, 1910, becoming not only the first female Police Officer in the United States, but it is also believed, the world.
During her employment she also founded and was the first president of the International Association of Police Women.
She worked to promote acceptance and hiring of female officers, in both the United States and Canada.
Alice retired from the LAPD in 1940. She passed away on Aug. 17, 1957
Return from Female Officer History to Homepage


text:
A wink is a facial expression made by briefly closing one eye. A wink is an informal mode of non-verbal communication usually signaling shared hidden knowledge or intent, which may also include, in all contexts, sexual attraction.
General overview and meanings
||This section needs additional citations for verification. (April 2011)|
Winking is one of the more subtle gestures, usually involving eye contact between those involved. In most cases it is only meant to be known by the sender and his or her intended receiver(s), but in some cases can be more widely intended.
Single wink
A single wink is usually a friendly gesture implying a degree of solidarity and/or intimacy.
A typical use of the wink is to quietly send a message that third parties are not aware of. For example, while person A is lying to person B or deliberately teasing him, he might wink at person C as a means of indicating the fact to C and incorporating him in the "conspiracy". Alternatively, if person A is joking or teasing person B in a friendly way, person A may wink directly at person B as a way to suggest to him that his own (A's) words are to be taken as a joke. It is also possible for person A to use winking in order to secretly imply to person B that the words or actions of some third party should not be taken seriously (for example, because the third party is joking or lying).
A wink could also be used as a somewhat humorous way to express sympathy, solidarity and encouragement, especially when the winker is trying to put the receiver at ease in a situation where they might feel nervous or uncomfortable. In such cases the meaning of a wink is not unlike that of a "thumbs up".
In some cultures it is often a sexual interest, or flirtatious manner, during momentary eye contact. This is often followed by a smile, and usually a smile from the receiver, if it is accepted/approved, or combined with blushing if they are embarrassed. A smile from the receiver sometimes—but not always—indicates (sexual) interest in the winker.[according to whom?]
Double wink ("wink wink")
Like a single wink but more emphatic, two winks in a row may be used by the sender as a subtle way to imply that something said by the sender, immediately beforehand, was "sneaky", "tricky", "misleading", or "untrue" to the receiver. In English-speaking countries, this has also given rise to the expression of vocally saying "wink wink" while winking, or sometimes while not even winking at all - in this case, the sender is not communicating the "trickiness" of his words to a third party, but to the receiver, and is thus signalling that his words should not be taken literally but as a hint or euphemism.
Both eyes (bat/flutter)
To close and open, or "wink", both eyes is usually an involuntary action known as a "blink". Though if done intentionally, in a particular way (such as once slowly or a few times in a row quickly), while giving a sweet or suggestive look with the eyes, often with the head tilted or at an angle in combination with the shoulders, is known as to "bat an eyelash", "bat/batting eyelashes", or "flutter/fluttering eyelashes". This is most commonly done by girls, as a way of flirting, showing interest, or in an attempt to persuade the receiver.
In addition to the traditional "wink", a "clicking" sound is made with the side of the tongue and gums that sound taach (joining the tongue and upper lip and crossing the air from outside to inside), with particular emphasis on timing the "click" with the "wink" at exactly the same time. The "clink" is typically used to signify agreement or satisfaction.
Cultural specific differences
||This section may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. (November 2009)|
The West
As explained above, winking in Western culture can be used as a way of letting someone else know that the winker or some other person is joking or lying (e.g., a mother tells her child a story about a fairy princess, and she then winks at the child's older sibling, the sibling thus knows the mother is lying to the younger child). It may also be used to communicate sexual intentions, ranging from flirtation to an explicit invitation.
Latin America
In China and reportedly to some extent in India, winking may be seen as an offensive gesture.
However, winking in the Indian subcontinent often has similar connotations as in the West. It can be used to signal an "inside" joke, a sly gesture shared between two people privately, unbeknownst to those around them, as in a social gathering. It can also be a naughty "come on" by a girl to a boy or vice versa.
West African parents may wink to signal children to leave the room, especially when there is a guest, or another adult coming in. It is considered rude for children to stay in a room where adults or elders want to have a conversation, and so winking is used as a more discreet way to tell the children to leave the room. Parents also try not to embarrass themselves in front of guests, because their children do not understand immediately when it is time to leave the room.
Noted examples
- In the famous Monty Python sketch Nudge Nudge, a younger man slyly asks an older gentleman about sex through innuendo, reiterating the phrase "nudge nudge wink wink" after his questions in an attempt to indicate that his innocent-sounding questions are intended to be double entendres, i.e., of a sexual nature.
- In an episode of the television series Seinfeld (The Wink), the character George Costanza has problems when grapefruit pulp gets into his eyes, leading to his involuntary winks getting misinterpreted by others.
- In the television series Arrested Development, Lucille Bluth many times winks at her son, who expresses great discomfort thereafter.
- In the 2004 science fiction movie I, Robot, a robot named Sonny learns to wink, using it as a gesture of trust to Detective Spooner (Will Smith).
- During a Quarter Final match of the 2006 World Cup between England and Portugal, Wayne Rooney was sent off, largely due to an impassioned argument from Cristiano Ronaldo. After Rooney's sending off, Ronaldo was caught on camera winking to the Portuguese bench. This received widespread criticism from the English press, who largely saw it as a sign of conspiracy from the Portuguese player.
- During the 2008 United States vice-presidential debate, Republican candidate Sarah Palin winked at the audience several times. Her behaviour was considered to be highly unusual in the context of a formal political debate and received considerable media attention. While some conservative pundits defended Palin, other individuals were critical of and even offended by her conduct.
- In online dating, a 'wink' is a way of communicating approval of another member (sometimes from a non-member) without sending email. It is used at sites such as Match.com.
Physiological ability
Not all humans are able to wink voluntarily, and some can only wink one (usually the non-dominant) eye. Others are far better at winking one eye and find it awkward to wink the other.
Some people, especially children and adolescents, show a habit of winking involuntarily under stress, often without their own knowledge. It is considered a symptom of Tourette Syndrome.
See also
|Look up wink in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.|
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Winking|
- Buyer, Richard. 2009. Why the JFK Assassination Still Matters: The Truth for My Daughter. P.154
- Trask, Richard. Caries, Cabals and Correspondences. Letters from Readers. In Popular paranoia: A Steamshovel Press Anthology by Kenn Thomas
- "Non-verbal communication". Retrieved 2008-02-04.
- Sarah Palin's wink, LA Times
- Frederick Spencer Chapman. The Jungle is Neutral
- "All The Rage". Los Angeles Times. 2008-10-05.
- "Ronaldo: I put my country first", Evening Standard, accessed 2009-28-12
- Ladyman, Ian, "Get lost Ronaldo!", The Daily Mail, accessed 2009/28/12

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
REPORTS AND PUBLICATIONS
Table of criteria: Everyday Depictions in a Sexualizing Context
Sexualized Everyday Depictions of Children
Quelle: I-KIZ-Zentrum für Kinderschutz im Internet
Unproblematic everyday depictions of children are often appropriated on the Internet and misused for sexual purposes. In order to shed light on the phenomenon, the competence centre at jugendschutz.net researched high-traffic Internet services and those which are relevant to the child abuse scene, in particular social networks, forums, blogs and websites.
Increasing opportunities for interaction on the Internet facilitate the transposition of everyday depictions to a sexual context. This can take place in many ways, in particular by the use of service-specific functions and structures. Linking up depictions with sexualized elements enables the perception of a child as a sexual object.
In order to identify typical elements that lead to the sexualisation of everyday depictions, the competence centre analysed around 400 sources and developed a grid that systematically records their characteristics. This is intended to simplify categorization and assist with assessment of the potential sexualisation of everyday depictions.
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You may have been wondering – how long can you drive with bad lifters?
If you're not a car expert, don't worry – we're here to break down the basics in simple terms.
Bad lifters, also known as hydraulic lifters, play a crucial role in your car's engine performance. These small components are responsible for maintaining the proper clearance between the camshaft and valve, ensuring smooth operation and optimal power generation. However, when lifters go bad, problems can arise.
You might be wondering, how long can you actually drive with bad lifters? It's a common concern for many car owners. While there's no one-size-fits-all answer, there are some signs to watch out for, such as ticking noises, reduced engine power, and poor fuel efficiency. Ignoring these symptoms could lead to more severe engine damage and costly repairs.
In this article, we'll look into the indicators of bad lifters and discuss whether it's safe to drive with them. We'll also provide you with essential tips on how to extend the lifespan of your lifters and prevent further complications. So, if you're curious about the health of your vehicle's lifters, keep reading – we've got you covered!
Driving with Bad Lifters: How Long is Too Long?
When it comes to cars, there are a lot of moving parts that work together to make your vehicle run smoothly. One of these important parts is called a lifter, or a hydraulic lifter to be precise. Now, you might be wondering, what does a lifter do? Well, think of it as a tiny helper that makes sure your engine works the way it should.
Lifters have a big job in your car's engine. They help the camshaft and the valve work together. These parts need to move at the right times and in the right way for your engine to make power. Lifters help maintain the right distance between them, so everything fits just right.
But here's the catch – sometimes lifters don't work the way they should. They might get dirty or worn out, and that can cause problems. One of the first signs you might notice is a ticking noise coming from your engine. It's like a little tap-tap-tap sound. This noise is a way your car is telling you that something might be wrong with the lifters.
So, the big question: Can you keep driving even if your lifters aren't doing their best job? Well, you can, but it's not a great idea. If your lifters are struggling, it could affect how much power your engine makes. You might notice that your car doesn't accelerate like it used to, or it might feel a bit weaker. Plus, bad lifters can also make your car guzzle more gas than usual, and nobody likes spending extra money on fuel.
If you ignore the signs and keep driving with bad lifters, things could get worse. Your engine might not work as smoothly, and that could lead to more serious problems down the road. You might even end up with a big repair bill that's no fun at all.
So, what's the bottom line? While you can drive with bad lifters for a bit, it's a good idea to get them checked out as soon as you notice any issues. Your car can manage around 80 to 100 miles before bad lifters start causing trouble. But never underestimate the potential issues that this may cause. Limit driving to 100 miles to dodge additional car woes.
Faulty lifters might even trigger engine backfires during idle times. If these signs emerge, it's smart to get your vehicle inspected promptly. Ignoring bad lifters today could lead to more headaches down the road.
Signs of a Bad Hydraulic Lifter
Your car's engine is like a storyteller, and it communicates through various sounds and sensations. Among the cast of characters, the hydraulic lifter plays a crucial role. But when this little performer starts acting up, the story can take an unexpected turn. Let's explore the signs that reveal a bad hydraulic lifter and learn how to decode your engine's whispers.
1. Tapping or Ticking Sounds
Imagine your engine as a finely tuned orchestra. A bad hydraulic lifter is like a musician playing off-key, causing a tapping or ticking noise. If you notice these rhythmic sounds, especially when your car is idling, it's time to pay attention. These noises are your car's way of raising its hand to signal something isn't right.
2. Decreased Engine Power
A healthy engine is like an athlete in peak condition, delivering power effortlessly. But a bad lifter can disrupt this performance. If you sense a decrease in your car's power, sluggish acceleration, or struggles while climbing hills, it might be due to a misbehaving lifter. Your engine needs the right timing to perform at its best, and a bad lifter messes up that timing.
3. Poor Fuel Efficiency
Think of your car's fuel efficiency as its ability to conserve energy. A bad hydraulic lifter can throw this efficiency out the window. When the lifter isn't doing its job properly, the engine's performance suffers. This means your car might demand more fuel to perform tasks that should usually be easy, resulting in lower miles per gallon.
4. Engine Backfires
A bad lifter can cause the engine to backfire, especially when idling. These sudden bursts of noise are clear signals that something is amiss within your engine.
5. Rough Idling
If you feel your car shuddering or vibrating excessively when it's stationary, it's likely due to a problematic lifter. This roughness is a message that your engine's harmony has been disrupted.
6. Check Engine Light
Your car has a built-in communication system, and the check engine light is like a flag going up to get your attention. A bad hydraulic lifter can trigger this warning light to illuminate on your dashboard. While this light doesn't directly point to a bad lifter, it signifies that something needs investigation.
The Dangers of Driving with Bad Lifters
Lifters, also known as hydraulic lifters, ensure that your engine's moving parts glide seamlessly, maintaining optimal performance. But when lifters become worn out or clogged with dirt and sludge, they can't perform their role effectively. The first telltale sign is a distinctive ticking or tapping sound emanating from the engine. It's your car's way of saying, "Hey, something's not right!"
Risk #1: Diminished Engine Power
Bad lifters don't just make noise; they impact your engine's power production. Lifters ensure that the camshaft and valve open and close at the right moments, allowing air and fuel to enter the engine. When lifters are compromised, this precise timing falters, causing your engine's power output to weaken. You might find your car struggling to accelerate or feeling less responsive than usual.
Risk #2: Reduced Fuel Efficiency
A well-functioning engine is an efficient one, using just the right amount of fuel for each task. Bad lifters disrupt this delicate balance. When your engine isn't performing at its best due to faulty lifters, it requires more fuel to accomplish the same tasks. This translates to lower fuel efficiency, leading to more frequent visits to the gas pump and higher expenses.
Risk #3: Escalating Engine Problems
Ignoring bad lifters can lead to a domino effect of engine troubles. When lifters aren't working properly, other engine components might also suffer. The irregular movements caused by malfunctioning lifters can strain various parts, potentially resulting in more severe and costly damage over time.
Risk #4: Costly Repairs
Driving with bad lifters might seem like a minor inconvenience, but it can quickly snowball into a major financial setback. What could have been a relatively simple fix can turn into a complicated repair job involving multiple components if left unaddressed. The longer you wait, the more extensive the damage – and the more expensive the repair bill.
Your car's engine communicates with you through sounds and performance. Bad lifters are a clear message that something needs attention. While driving with compromised lifters is possible for a short while, it's a risky gamble that can lead to decreased power, increased fuel consumption, and potentially expensive repairs. Regular maintenance and swift action when issues arise will keep your car's symphony playing sweetly, ensuring a smoother and more cost-effective journey on the road.


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Sustainability – Helen Green x UAL
Helen Green Design is proud to announce a sample recycling programme in collaboration with the University of the Arts London. Discontinued and unused samples will be donated to the University to build a materials library for utilisation on student's projects.
"BA (Hons) Interior and Spatial Design are excited to receive material samples – fabrics, rugs, tiles and more – from Helen Green Design, facilitated by recent alumni Sara Hamza, Junior Designer at Helen Green Design. We plan to use the samples to build a material sample library in our studio and as a basis for a number of design projects in the 2022-23 academic year. Such collaborations exemplify our commitment to improve our students' vocational opportunities, our graduates' skills and employability and importantly to ensure our students' skills are always set within an ethical framework which addresses issues of social, racial and climate justice."
-Shibboleth Shechter "BA Interior & Spatial Design Course Leader"
Helen Green Design is passionate about sustainability, and we are committed to refining and bettering our daily practices. This collaborative initiative with the University of the Arts London will help to minimise waste while giving back to our local community.
University of the Arts London is a world-class university for Art and Design and their researchers are at the forefront of designing sustainably through innovative design. Across six campuses students are offered access to art facilities, machinery workshops and materials in order to excel their creative process.
Helen Green Design is excited to support new emerging talent and hope that access and exposure to a wider variety of samples will help students develop their comprehension of material use and encourage sustainable design.
-Sara Hamza (Junior Designer)


Heat Input Formula
Under the arc welding process, heat input and arc energy are the measures of energy that has been supplied to the piece to form a weld. Both are measured in units of energy per unit length.
It refers to a characteristic or dimension such as weld length, a bead, the diameter of a weld spot, or cross-section. The amount of heat input that goes into a weld is determined as a function of time.
Formula for Heat Input
The heat input formula is given by,
\(Heat\;Input = \frac{60\times Current \times Volts}{1000\times \left ( distance travelled in /min \right )}\)
KJ/in is the unit.
The accurate measurement of arc voltage is the difficulty here, but we mostly measure load voltage at the output terminals of the current source.
Solved Examples
Example 1
You weld at 400 inches and 39 volts per minute. The weld is 35 inches long, and welding takes minutes. While welding you find that the system shows an amperage of 425. Which is your input heat?
Solution:
\(Travel speed = \frac{Length of the weld}{Time to weld}\)
Travel speed = 35/4
Travel speed = 8.75 inches per min
\(Heat Input = \frac{60\times Current \times Volts}{1000\times \left ( distance travelled in /min \right )}\)
\(Heat Input = \frac{60\times 425 \times 39}{1000\times \left ( 8.75 \right )}\)
Heat input = 113.65 KJ/in
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Keywords: OML model, research version, AERMOD model, Prairie Grass, model evaluation, atmospheric dispersion, Wikis, dispersion models, modelling, air pollution, air quality
Evaluation of OML and AERMOD
Results from an evaluation of three dispersion models are presented: the currently operational OML model, a new, improved 'Research Version' of OML, and the US AERMOD model. The evaluation is based on the Prairie Grass data set. For these data the OML Research Version appears superior to the other two models. Further, the paper discusses problems and pitfalls of the Prairie Grass data set. The criteria for exclusion of data have tremendous impact on evaluation metrics. A new Wiki on Atmospheric Dispersion has the potential to become a very useful focal point to pool and communicate experiences on data sets such as Prairie Grass.


North Middletown, New Jersey: Basic Data
The average family unit size in North Middletown, NJ is 3.09 family members, with 61.9% owning their own homes. The mean home valuation is $228247. For those leasing, they pay an average of $1662 monthly. 70% of families have 2 sources of income, and a median household income of $93071. Average income is $33365. 5.7% of citizens exist at or below the poverty line, and 11.5% are handicapped. 6.5% of residents of the town are veterans of the military.
Visualization: Visualizing Success In North Middletown:
Law of Attraction may be the most powerful law of the universe.Law of Attraction may be the most powerful law of the universe. The Law of Attraction is in constant effect and in motion. It's similar to gravity. It is currently operating in your daily life. It is something that is always creating. You are creating your reality every moment of every day. Your destiny is being formed by every thought you think, consciously and unconsciously. Because creativity is never ending, you cannot choose maybe not to make something and take a break then from it. People often ask, "Is it real?" It is often asked, "does the law of attraction work? really" These questions are always welcome and I'm happy to clarify my place. Because I believe that understanding the Law of Attraction is crucial to anyone's success. Then it is important to understand your role in the Law of Attraction if you are looking to make a difference in your life, and to empower yourself to build a great future. You could expect the unexpected. Regulations of Attraction can bring you endless opportunities, unlimited prosperity and pleasure that is unending. There is no difficulty in using the Law of Attraction. It can transform every area of your life. To understand how the Law of Attraction can work in your life, we need to consider a few factors. This talk will cover the Law of Attraction and how you can use it to bring success to a number of areas. I also include a meditation technique, as well as money-making tips. Let's start at the beginning. How does the statutory law of Attraction work? Regulations of Attraction simply states that what you focus in will bring regarding your desired outcome. You will get back what you focus on and how energy that is much expend. This concept has a lot of meaning although it is a simple definition. You will attract positive things to your lifetime if your focus is on the good and beautiful aspects. Negativity will attract negativity to your life when you focus on the negative and dwell on insecurity. You attract what you like. If you're enthusiastic, joyful, passionate, happy, grateful, and thankful, then your energy is good.
North Middletown, NJ is found in Monmouth county, and includes a residents of 3179, and exists within the more New York-Newark, NY-NJ-CT-PA metropolitan area. The median age is 36.4, with 14.7% of the residents under 10 several years of age, 11.4% are between ten-19 several years of age, 11.9% of town residents in their 20's, 18.1% in their 30's, 13.6% in their 40's, 12% in their 50's, 8.6% in their 60's, 7.3% in their 70's, and 2.4% age 80 or older. 48.9% of residents are men, 51.1% women. 44.9% of citizens are recorded as married married, with 12% divorced and 38.7% never wedded. The percent of men or women identified as widowed is 4.4%.
The labor pool participation rate in North Middletown is 76.5%, with an unemployment rate of 4.4%. For all in the labor force, the average commute time is 32.7 minutes. 12.4% of North Middletown's residents have a masters degree, and 19.9% have a bachelors degree. For many without a college degree, 26.8% have at least some college, 33% have a high school diploma, and just 7.9% have an education lower than twelfth grade. 3.5% are not covered by health insurance.


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Christoff Rudolff (born 1499 in Jawor, Silesia, died 1545 in Vienna) was the author of the first German textbook on algebra.
Rudolff was from 1517 to 1521 a student of Henricus Grammateus (Schreyber from Erfurt) at the University of Vienna and was the author of a book computing, under the title: Behend und hübsch Rechnung durch die kunstreichen regeln Algebre.
He introduced the radical symbol (√) for the square root. It is believed that this was because it resembled a lowercase "r" (for "radix"), though there is no direct evidence. Cajori only says that a "dot is the embryo of our present symbol for the square root" though it is "possible, perhaps probable" that Rudolff's later symbols are not dots but 'r's.
Furthermore, he used the meaningful definition that x0 = 1.
- ^ a b Walter William Rouse Ball (1960), A short account of the history of mathematics (4 ed.), Courier Dover Publications, p. 215, ISBN 978-0-486-20630-1
- ^ a b Howard Whitley Eves (1983), Great moments in mathematics (before 1650: Volume 1), MAA, p. 131, ISBN 978-0-88385-310-8
- ^
- ^ a b Florian Cajori (1919), A history of mathematics (2 ed.), The Macmillan Company, p. 140
- ^ a b Florian Cajori (1993 (reprint)), A history of mathematical notations, Volumes 1-2, Courier Dover Publications, p. 369, ISBN 978-0-486-67766-8


Anders Lim
Faint Clouds - Poem by Anders Lim
Connecting with the Earth once more
I comprehend the depths of its core
The gap of failure and success
As thin as paper, uncompressed
Greenest grass and flowery hills
Why do breezes feel like chills
Tropical suns and oceans wide
Why does sorrow hit on every tide
If every cloud has a silver lining
What would the faintest clouds
Reveal in his timing?
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Concept Cars > Bizzarrini Veleno Concept
The Bizzarrini Veleno is a futuristic and imaginative concept vehicle which was created by Coventry University Transport Design graduate Borys Dabrowski. The concept was his final year project, and also a homage to the famed automotive engineer and designer Giotto Bizzarrini.
The Bizzarrini Veleno concept's shape was inspired by nature, in particular poison dart frogs. The name "Veleno" is actually Italian for Venom, and the eerie green lighting and highlights perfectly suit the car's amphibian theme. The Veleno was designed for the year 2030, and as such it features a number of technologies which would be difficult, if not impossible, to implement on a production car today. The main structure of the car is composed of a new composite material called CentrAL - currently being researched for use in aircraft manufacture. CentrAL uses layers of aluminium and glass fibers to form an incredibly strong, light, and fatigue resistant material.
Powering the Bizzarrini Veleno concept is an electric motor and a biohydrogen reactor. The Hydrogen would be generated from a hybrid algae which produces more hydrogen than naturally occurring algae. Although from Dabrowski's description it's unclear whether the hydrogen would be used to fuel an internal combustion engine which acts as an electricity generator, or used to fuel and engine which works in conjunction with the electric motor.
The wheels of the Bizzarrini Veleno concept are another oddity. Instead of one single wheel, at each corner are a number of curved rollers. These allow the car to move laterally as well as forwards and backwards, effectively allowing for 360 degrees of movement.
The complicated opening mechanism of the doors was inspired by the way a flower opens its petals. Inside are three seats, two up front for the driver and a passenger, and one located in the middle of the car slightly further back for a second passenger. The futuristic and hi-tech design of the interior nicely matches the car's exterior. The dash panel is characterised by its clear lack of physical instrumentation, leading to the possibility of a comprehensive heads-up display which works in conjunction with the small steering wheel-mounted screen.


PowerShell Not Equal (-ne) Comparison Operator Tutorial
PowerShell provides different comparison operators to compare different values, objects, variables, outputs, etc. The Not Equal operator is used to check if the specified two-parameters are equal or not. If two specified parameters are not the same the not equal operator returns True boolean value. If two specified parameters are the same the not equal operator returns False boolean value.
Not Equal Operator Syntax
The not equal operator is expressed with the -ne the first letters of the "not equal". The syntax of the not equal operator is like below. The not equal operator returns a boolean value True or False according to the result.
A -ne B
 - A can be a variable, value or object which compared to B for inequailty.
 - B can be a variable, value or object which compared to A for inequailty.
Check If Variables Not Equal
Variables can be compared if they are equal or not using the not equal operator.
$a = 2
$b = 2
$c = 3
$result = $a -ne $b
# result is False
$result = $a -ne $c
#result is True
Check If Values Not Equal
The not equal operator can be also used with the values without using variables.
$result = "a" -ne "b"
#result is True
$result = 2 -ne 3
#result is True
Check If Strings Not Equal
String variables and values can be checked for inequality by using the not equal operator.
$a="ismail"
$b = "ahmet"
$result = $a -ne $b
#result is True
$result = "ismail" -ne $b
#result is True
$result = "ismail" -ne "ahmet"
#result is True
$result = $a -ne "ismail"
#result is False
Check If Numbers Not Equal
One of the most popular usages for the not equal operator is to check numbers for their equality.
$a = 1
$b = 2
$result = $a -ne $b
#result is True
$result = $a -ne 3
#result is True
$result = 3 -ne 3
#result is False
Check Collection/Multiple Values If Not Equal
The not equal operator can be used to check multiple values or a collection for inequality. In the following example, we check if variables a, b and c are not equal to 3 and return a collection that is not equal to the 3.
$a = 1
$b = 2
$c = 3
$result = $a,$b,$c -ne 3
$result is a collection which consist of 1 and 2 as they are not equal to the 3
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Jiaqi Ma, Weijing Tang, Ji Zhu, Qiaozhu Mei
We consider a family of problems that are concerned about making predictions for the majority of unlabeled, graph-structured data samples based on a small proportion of labeled samples. Relational information among the data samples, often encoded in the graph/network structure, is shown to be helpful for these semi-supervised learning tasks. However, conventional graph-based regularization methods and recent graph neural networks do not fully leverage the interrelations between the features, the graph, and the labels. In this work, we propose a flexible generative framework for graph-based semi-supervised learning, which approaches the joint distribution of the node features, labels, and the graph structure. Borrowing insights from random graph models in network science literature, this joint distribution can be instantiated using various distribution families. For the inference of missing labels, we exploit recent advances of scalable variational inference techniques to approximate the Bayesian posterior. We conduct thorough experiments on benchmark datasets for graph-based semi-supervised learning. Results show that the proposed methods outperform state-of-the-art models under most settings.


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 PeterDobias.com / Blog / Supplements & Diet
 Synthetic supplements for dogs can cause serious problems
 By Dr. Peter Dobias, DVM
 It is very apparent from nature that living organisms are extremely capable of selecting nutrients that they need and throwing away the ones that are in excess. The body does it without any outside regulation and with ease.
 synthetic vitamins
 How many supplements are too many?
 The problem of excess nutrients only arises when synthetic chemicals are offered instead of food-based concentrates and supplements. These supplements including synthetic vitamins and minerals can correct symptoms of severe deficiency - for example scurvy - Vitamin C deficiency and Beriberi vitamin B1 hypovitaminosis.
 However, synthetic non-food based supplements can create severe excesses and overdoses. Good examples are fat soluble vitamins ADEK or overdoses of minerals in chemically manufactured mineral supplements. I frequently see this in dogs' hair mineral test results.
 The body needs real food!
 The body is designed to process food-based nutrients and not chemicals which can easily create a state of excess often expressed in agitation, heat production and digestive problems. These are the main reasons why I only recommend naturally-fermented vitamins, probioticsplant-based minerals and naturally sourced omega oils that are powerful, yet gentle and can be managed by the body well.
 A simple example is the difference between taking a cheap synthetic multivitamin that commonly causes stomach upset when taken on an empty stomach and a naturally fermented multivitamin that usually does not cause such symptoms.
 Nature never measures the exact amounts of vitamins and nutrients in food. It just provides nutrients that are natural and non-synthetic.
 There are two major and very common problems in nutrition and the origin of premature ageing and chronic disease:
 1. Deficiency of nutrients and vitamins that result from soil and food depletion.
 2. Supplementing them in artificial forms.
 It is not a question of whether supplements are needed but what forms to give and which ones to avoid.
 Additional recommended reading:
 How many supplements are too many for dogs and which ones to give
 © Dr. Peter Dobias, DVM
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Study analyzes Maine wind power benefits
Wednesday, November 28, 2012
PORTLAND, Maine (AP) — An environmental group says power generation from Maine wind farms is eliminating more than 400,000 metric tons of carbon pollution a year.
Environment Maine on Wednesday released a report that analyzes data from the U.S. Department of Energy and the wind industry to measure the environmental benefits from wind turbines operating in Maine.
The report says the turbines reduce carbon dioxide output by 403,000 metric tons a year, equivalent to the pollution from 79,000 vehicles. It further says the wind farms also reduce the output of smogand soot-forming pollutants, while saving 155 million gallons of water annually.
The group released the analysis to support its position in favor of extending federal tax credits for wind energy that are set to expire at the end of the year.


In 2010, approximately 734,611 speakers of this language were registered and many others are already beginning to practice it. Here at we will tell you the meaning of Am en Maya and in which parts of the world communicate through this historical language. Go ahead!
The word Am en Maya means Spider, which is an invertebrate arthropod animal whose main characteristics is to have eight legs and a kind of tweezers that are called queliperos. This strange word comes from a 4000-year-old language B.C. Continue reading to us and learn more. 👇
Recommended: Meaning of Languso
Where Does the Word Am en Maya Come From?
The word Am en Maya originates from the Mayan culture, specifically the so-called proto-Maya language, the oldest language. This ancestral language was used by Central American Aborigines 4000 or 5000 years ago to communicate verbally.
Despite being a highly historical language, its use remains in many regions of Central America. Today speakers of this language can be found in much of Guatemala, Belize, Honduras, El Salvador and southern Mexico.
Curious Words of the Maya Language
We show you a series of words used by the Mayan culture.
· Achichincle
This curious expression is extracted from nahualt (Mexican macro), and its meaning is as follows:
atl is equal to"water"and chichinqui means"suck" is defined as"sucking water". It is widely used in Spanish, especially these Central American regions, to refer derogatoryly to the person who "does everything said by his boss". Which is equal to a despicable subject.
· Papalote
It also comes from nahualt, and is extracted from the word papalotl. It means butterfly.
· Cuate
It is native to the nahualt"Cuatl" and its meaning is twin, twin. Today, the word cuate is widely used by Mexican culture and its connotation is "friend".
· Sáas
Glass object used for divination activities.
· Awat Che'ej
It means, "laugh with laughter."
It's quite interesting and important to know a little bit about each culture. Our world is constantly changing and globalization influences so much that different cultures mix by making us confused. But don't forget that you can count on us, our Library always awaits your queries.


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Difference between revisions of "Perl lib/EPrints/"
m (EPrints Directory Structure/eprints3/perl lib/EPrints moved to Perl lib/EPrints/)
|Line 1:||Line 1:|
Revision as of 12:17, 15 January 2007
This is a list of almost all the EPrints perl modules. We've not expanded the Plugins and MetaField directories as these are pretty big.
- AnApache.pm - Abstracts differences between apache and mod_perl versions.
- Auth.pm - Handles authentication
- LogHandler.pm - Logs accesses as Access Objects
- Login.pm - Handles the login screen
- Rewrite.pm - Redirects and rewrites URLs in requests, as appropriate
- Template.pm - Handles applying the template to pages
- VLit.pm - Handles the vlit feature.
- BackCompatibility.pm - defines EPrints 2.3 function calls which call their 3.0 equivalents.
- Config.pm - Handles the configuration of the EPrints system itself
- DataObj/ - all classes in this dir are a subclass of EPrints::DataObj
- DataObj.pm - Base class for Data Objects
- DataSet.pm - Has one instance per repository for each type of Data Object
- Database.pm - Object connecting the Session to the database. Provides most database calls.
- Email.pm - Handles sending email messages.
- Extras.pm - Handy functions. Nearly obselete.
- Index.pm - Handles text indexing and the indexer.
- Language.pm - Provides access to phrases.
- Latex.pm - Latex rendering tools for functions and equations.
- List.pm - A search result, or other list of Data Objects within a single Dataset
- MetaField/ - Contains classes representing each type of metadatat field.
- MetaField.pm - Base class for field objects. An instance of a metafield represents a single field in a Dataset, not a field + a value.
- OpenArchives.pm - Handles OAI stuff.
- Columns.pm - Subclass of EPrints::Paginate which renders the results as a spread sheet style list, and allows sorting by clicking titles.
- Paginate.pm - Paginate search results (eg. 20 items per page) in HTML
- Paracite.pm - Paracite interface
- Unix.pm - UNIX specific functions
- Platform.pm - Allows abstraction of methods which are operating system specific.
- Plugin/ - The plugins directory.
- Plugin.pm - The base class (and loader) for all plugins.
- Probity.pm - Handles producing checksum files for documents.
- Profiler.pm -?
- Repository.pm - An instance of this represents a single repository and has access to the configuration of that repository.
- ScreenProcessor.pm - Handles the Screen plugin interface
- Script.pm - Processes expressions in the mini-scripting language used in citation and workflows.
- Condition.pm - Represents a single search condition (used internally)
- Field.pm - Represents a single search field (a row in the search interface). Has a value and a list of metadata fields to search.
- Search.pm - Represents a single search. Returns a List object when executed.
- Session.pm - A link between a web request (or command line script), a language, a database connection and a repository.
- StyleGuide.pm - Notes on how to write EPrints code.
- SystemSettings.pm - Created by the installation. Contains information on your apache version, where commands are to be found and where EPrints is installed.
- TempDir.pm - Creates and removes tmp directories.
- Time.pm - Functions related to time and date processing.
- Utils.pm - Misc. functions.
- Processor.pm -
- Stage.pm -
- Workflow.pm -
- DOM.pm -
- EPC.pm - Code to handle processing the epc namespace: eg.
- GDOME.pm -
- LibXML.pm -
- XML.pm - Abstraction to handle diferent XML libraries. (DOM, GDOME, LibXML)


How do I insert a record into a MySQL Database only if an existing record doesn't exist?
I have MySQL table like the following :
Domain -=- A domain name
Date -=- The date the domain was added to the database
Rank -=- A metric that we calculate for the domain
None of the values are unique. For example you could have the domain name "example.com" with a different Rank value for the past 7 days so there'd be 7 entries in the database all with different dates.
We are calculating a new "Rank" value in PHP but we only want to add it to the database if it's different to the last value in the database. So we need to look at the date column for the specified domain and only add a record if the Rank is different from the currently calculated Rank.
I'm not sure if I should be doing this with multiple queries or if there's a way to do this with one mySQL query?
TotallyMeAsked:
Who is Participating?

birwinConnect With a Mentor Commented:
As I said, I hadn't tested it. When I did I found you have to slightly hot-wire it, as shown below. In your code you had missed the insert list. I tested this, and it works perfectly, although, of course, I was using my own database.
Note that the LIMIT 1 is outside the last parenthesis.
$query = "INSERT INTO database_name (domain, date, rank) select '$domain', NOW(), '$rank' FROM database_name WHERE NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM database_name WHERE domain= '$domain' AND rank='$rank' ORDER BY date desc ) LIMIT 1 "
0

birwinCommented:
I couldn't test this, but the basic form of the query should be:
$query = "INSERT INTO database_name (domain, date, rank) values ($domain, NOW(), $rank) WHERE NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM database_name WHERE domain= $domain AND rank=$rank);

0

birwinCommented:
I re-read your query, and realized I didn't handle the different from the last entry.
Just add to the select query
ORDER BY date desc LIMIT 1

0
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Beverley PortlockCommented:
Make a composite index on the table so that the domain and rank are UNIQUE and then just use an ordinary INSERT statement. The INSERT will fail if the record is already present but you can either catch the failure or just ignore it.
 ALTER TABLE 'myTableName' ADD UNIQUE (
'domain' ,
'rank'
)
0

Beverley PortlockCommented:
If you want to catch the error then
mysql_query("INSERT INTO.....
if ( mysql_errno() == 1062 ) {
 .... attempt to add a duplicate failed
}
The advantage of doing it with a UNIQUE index is that the database ensures the uniqueness
0

TotallyMeAuthor Commented:
birwin: Thanks for your help I'm getting closer but still getting an error when I test this query in phpMyAdmin:
INSERT INTO 'my_table' VALUES ('domain.com', now(), '9') WHERE NOT EXIST (SELECT * FROM 'my_table' WHERE 'domain' = 'domain.com' AND 'rank' = 6 ORDER BY 'date' DESC LIMIT 1);
#1064 - You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near 'WHERE NOT EXIST (SELECT * FROM 'my_table' WHERE 'domain' = 'domain.com' AND 'rank' ' at line 1
0

TotallyMeAuthor Commented:
Ok just found one bug, I was using :
"WHERE NOT EXIST"
rather than
"WHERE NOT EXISTS"
Fixed it but I'm still getting same error
0

TotallyMeAuthor Commented:
I just had a Google and can't seem to find anyone using INSERT statements with WHERE NOT EXISTS so I'm starting to wonder if it's even possible.
I'm trying to look for another way to achieve this. Unfortunately bportlocks method won't work as it doesn't allow me to compare the Rank I'm creating with the current Rank.
0

mabbj747Commented:
Try this
INSERT INTO my_table(domain, date, rank)
SELECT
 vwData.domain
 , vwData.date
 , vwData.rank
FROM
 (
 SELECT
 'domain.com' As domain
 , now() date
 , '9' rank
 )vwData
LEFT OUTER JOIN
 my_table
ON
 vwData.domain = my_table.domain
AND
 vwData.date = my_table.date
AND
 vwData.rank = my_table.rank
WHERE
 my_table.domain IS NULL

0

TotallyMeAuthor Commented:
mabbj747: WOW, that blew my mind, didn't realise it could be that confusing. The error it returned was:
#1267 - Illegal mix of collations (utf8_unicode_ci,COERCIBLE) and (latin1_swedish_ci,IMPLICIT) for operation '='
0

TotallyMeAuthor Commented:
Awesome, that works great. The only thing I've noticed is it doesn't insert anything if the table is empty, as soon as I add one row manually it works fine but it won't insert any data into an empty table.
This is my latest SQL, had to include "AND date != now()" :
 $sql = "INSERT INTO 'domains' (domain, date, rank)
 SELECT '$data[1]', NOW(), '$data[0]' FROM 'domains'
 WHERE NOT EXISTS (
 SELECT * FROM 'domains' WHERE domain = '$data[1]'
 AND rank = '$data[0]' AND date != now() ORDER BY date DESC
 ) LIMIT 1"
0

birwinCommented:
I don't see how adding the logic of adding AND != date works. Does that allow you to enter into a blank database and it won't without it?
Try adding LIMIT 1 on both sides of the parentheses.
ORDER BY date DESC LIMIT 1 ) LIMIT 1"
I tried that on an empty table and it worked.
0

TotallyMeAuthor Commented:
The "AND date != now()" is just so it wouldn't add a duplicate entry for the same day.
That extra LIMIT 1 didn't work, I think the problem is because the INSERT is dependent on the SELECT? I've been having a play around with it but can't seem to work it out.
0

birwinCommented:
Can you post the actual structure of your database? Are there any fields other than the three you mentioned? Is your date expressed at datetime or just YYYY-MM-DD?
I tested my code on a database with about a dozen fields. I copied the database, emptied it and ran the query. It worked as expected without error.
0

TotallyMeAuthor Commented:
This is the table, yes date is as YYYY-MM-DD.
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS 'domains' (
 'domain' varchar(253) NOT NULL,
 'date' date NOT NULL,
 'rank' int(9) NOT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;
0

mabbj747Commented:
TotallyMe, I don't know why you found the query so confusing. It only inserting the data which is not in the tbale by joining to the same table. If you are getting the collation conflicts then you can specify the collation with the string columns in the join class.
0

birwinCommented:
Can you clarify the problem? You earlier mentioned an issue with empty tables. This is a problem that I tested for, but could not duplicate.
I also still don't get why you need the date in the select statement. The point of this code is that if the domain name exists, and it has a ranking equal to the ranking you are planning to insert, then the query should insert nothing.
If it is used on a blank table, it iserts the data, but once it iserts that data, it should be unable to reinsert the same domain / rank information again. if the oldest entry for that domain in the table has the same rank as you are trying to enter. This code does not just test for yesterday's date, it finds the latest entry in the database for that domain, regardless of its date.
I am not sure if your issue is not being able to enter into a blank table, or if the code is throwing off an error. As I mentioned, I have tried several scenarios with a test database, and I cannot duplicate a problem.
0
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The pass-through card / hardware bridge on a ProxySG
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Article ID: 166989
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Updated On:
Products
ProxySG Software - SGOS
Issue/Introduction
The pass-through card / hardware bridge on a ProxySG
How does the pass-through card work on a ProxySG?
You want help with the pass-through card / hardware bridge
Resolution
A pass-through adapter is a 10/100 dual interface Ethernet adapter designed by Blue Coat to provide an efficient fault-tolerant bridging solution. If this adapter is installed on a ProxySG, SGOS detects the adapter upon system bootup and automatically creates a bridge—the two Ethernet interfaces serve as the bridge ports. If the ProxySG is powered down or loses power for any reason, the bridge fails open; that is, Web traffic passes from one Ethernet interface to the other. Therefore, Web traffic is uninterrupted, but does not route through the appliance.
Once power is restored to the ProxySG, the bridge opens and Web traffic is routed to the appliance and thus is subject to that appliance's configured features, defined policies, and content scanning redirection instructions.


text:
BACKGROUND. Children treated with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunts to manage hydrocephalus frequently develop shunt failure and/or infections, conditions that present with overlapping symptoms. The potential life-threatening nature of shunt infections requires rapid diagnosis; however, traditional microbiology is time consuming, expensive, and potentially unreliable. We set out to identify a biomarker that would identify shunt infection.
METHODS. CSF was assayed for the soluble membrane attack complex (sMAC) by ELISA in patients with suspected shunt failure or infection. CSF was obtained at the time of initial surgical intervention. Statistical analysis was performed to assess the diagnostic potential of sMAC in pyogenic-infected versus noninfected patients.
RESULTS. Children with pyogenic shunt infection had significantly increased sMAC levels compared with noninfected patients (3,211 ± 1,111 ng/ml vs. 26 ± 3.8 ng/ml,
CONCLUSION. Elevated CSF sMAC levels are both sensitive and specific for diagnosing pyogenic shunt infection and may serve as a useful prognostic biomarker during recovery from infection.
FUNDING. This work was supported in part by the Impact Fund of Children's of Alabama.
Theresa N. Ramos, Anastasia A. Arynchyna, Tessa E. Blackburn, Scott R. Barnum, James M. Johnston
CONSORT flow diagram.


Birds of Paradise Agra Design Carpet
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Agra is one of the cities in India that served as a production center for carpets after the establishment and consolidation of the Mughal Empire in the 16th century. Persian weavers were brought in to combine their weaving skills and Persian patterns with those of Indian patterns and the tastes of India's royal leaders. Demand for these rugs grew outside of India, particularly due to the high density of knotting, and not just the design elements. In the late 19th and early 20th century, under the era of British colonialism and subsequent influence, colors and patterns changed. Some of the most expensive and exclusive carpets from this era were made by prisoners in the city jails.
Design: Birds of Paradise Agra Design Carpet
Style: Antique Agra Wool Carpet
Origin: India
Material: 100% Wool
Colors: Raspberry Red, Chartreuse Green, Blue
Size: 9' X 11'9"
Rug Number:


Angela Wanhalla
Lecture theatre
Angela WanhallaDr Angela Wanhalla
Raised in a house full of books and aware of her whakapapa, lecturer Angela Wanhalla knew she'd follow a history path.
"Dad was always interested in history and I knew where I came from, so history became part of the trajectory."
Of Ngāi Tahu descent (Taumutu and Otakou), Angela grew up in the small Canterbury town of Rolleston.
While the subject history was dead certain, Angela took time to fine-tune her specific fields of interest. For her first degree - a BA(Hons) from the University Canterbury - she took papers in Māori history, education, sociology and anthropology, before choosing feminist history for her honours project and MA.
Today, Angela specialises in the histories of cultural encounter in New Zealand's colonial past, with a focus on the history of interracial relationships and intermarriage in New Zealand. She's writing a book based on her PhD, which explored the history of interracial marriage between 1830 and 1940 in a community based at the Taieri Native Reserve.
With postdoctoral studies under her belt (she researched intermarriage in the Canadian prairies at the University of Saskatchewan), Angela's teaching focus at Otago is comparative indigenous histories. This includes teaching papers that introduce students to New Zealand history from a comparative perspective, and take a biographical approach to Māori history.
Dry facts it's not - history is about people's interaction with the world around them, she says.
"It's about reviving and reconstructing communities and looking at personal experiences."


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convert degrees to mm wheel alignment
Alignment conversion:inches to degrees - help! Relevance. You'll now be given a value for nearside toe, offside toe and overall total toe angle in degrees. Step 9) Adjust your toe. In my case, 40 ÷ 8 = 5. :thumbsup: Step 1. ,, how can I convert a toe of 1/8" in to degrees? Here are the basic aspects of steering tuning. If you are going to use distance, you need to be certain what you are measuring from and how far out from the point of origin. mm's per inch conversion, you're not a likely candidate for being able to handle this yourself. Anyone know a conversion on degrees to mm or inches. Have a 4 wheel alignment performed. Divide the toe mm by the mm/degree result to get toe in decimal degrees Or Excel =DEGREES( ASIN( TOE_IN_MM / ( RIM_DIA_INCHES * 25.4 ))) Or use the calculator on this page, hypotenuse is the rim diameter the toe per wheel (total toe divided by 2) in mm is width (or toe in degrees is angle A). The caster in this vehicle is read four degrees plus or minus one half degrees (.5Â°). If the tires are leaning inward on the bottom they should wear on the outside of the tire. WHEEL ALIGNMENT SPECIFICATIONS & PROCEDURES 1998 Mitsubishi Montero 1997-98 WHEEL ALIGNMENT Mitsubishi - Specifications & Procedures Diamante, Eclipse, Galant, Mirage, Montero, Montero Sport, 3000GT RIDING HEIGHT ADJUSTMENT NOTE: Prior to performing wheel alignment, perform preliminary visual and mechanical inspection of wheels, tires and 10min /- 0deg. > > All I want to do is measure my front and rear toe. /- 0deg 5min. Press CALCULATE to find other values.Hit RESET to clear the form and SAMPLE if you want to see a sample calculation. 10min. > > It's the distance from the center of the tire tread to the > centerline of the vehicle. 10min. I just had my NSX aligned. User Name: Remember Me? All donations, trader's subscriptions, and the little advertising revenue generated goes straight back into maintaining server hardware to ensure the site runs quickly and smoothly with a substantial amount of money coming from my own pocket - money that I would far rather spend on … Using this diameter, I was able to duplicate the NSX-Hunter readouts exactly for -3.5 mm front and 4 … document.write(''); As it turns out, they use a Reference Tire Diameter for all of their car toe-in-linear-mearurements to toe-in-degree-measurments conversions. 30 mil to degree = 1.71887 degree. Still have questions? Type in unit symbols, abbreviations, or full names for units of length, area, mass, pressure, and other types. The camber angle is read one degree plus or minus 30 minutes. Now degrees is used because it's more accurate for differing wheel diameters. Will Biden get rid of gasoline cars and make me buy a electric car? These are two entirely different measurements. Anyway the question is my car required 0 degrees 9 minutes of toe in however the machine I have only works with mm, how do I convert this?. Get your answers by asking now. 8 years ago. 45 degrees. Also factory manual states the alignment tolerances in degrees, mm and inches and lists the following. Then multiply the amount of Minute you want to convert to Degree, use the chart below to guide you. Active 3 years, 7 months ago.


From Hindupedia, the Hindu Encyclopedia
By Swami Harshananda
Sometimes transliterated as: Jatamukuta, JaTAmukuTa, Jataamukuta
Jaṭāmukuṭa literally means 'hair dressed up as a crown'.
Jatā means matted hair and mukuṭa means crown. If the matted hair on the head of a deity is dressed up as a crownit is called 'jaṭāmukuṭa'. We find it on the head of the deity in some forms of Devi, Śiva, Kārttikeya and Śāstā (Ayyappan).


Prisoner Zero
Prisoner Zero
Prisoner Zero
First Seen In:
The Eleventh Hour
Day of the Moon
Prisoner Zero
Main Actor:
Olivia Colman
Main Voice Actor:
William Wilde
Other Actors:
Marcello Magni
Matt Smith
Caitlin Blackwood
Eden Monteath
Merin Monteath
click on images to enlarge
Prisoner Zero was a multi-form shape-shifting alien, held prisoner by the Atraxi for certain crimes. He escaped to Earth when the TARDIS explosion caused cracks throughout time and space, hiding in an extra room of Amelia Pond's home for twelve years until he was tricked into revealing himself by the freshly regenerated Eleventh Doctor and recaptured by his jailers to be executed. Before being taken away, he warned The Doctor against the Silence.
In 1996, Prisoner Zero was a captive in an Atraxi extra-dimensional prison. When a crack in the universe opened into Amelia Pond's bedroom wall, Prisoner Zero escaped through to Amelia's house in Leadworth. It hid in a room in Amelia's house, placing a perception filter on the room's door so it would not be found. It hid on Earth for twelve years, watching Amelia grow up. It sometimes ventured into the village, posing as comatose people in Royal Leadworth Hospital whom it had established a psychic link with, a process that took months. If the person it was copying was dreaming about having someone else with them, Prisoner Zero would appear to be multiple lifeforms touching each other. It was actually one creature with many limbs and orifices.
The forms it took were of comatose people. In 2008, Rory Williams, who worked at the hospital as a nurse, took pictures of them with his mobile phone, knowing the people he saw shouldn't be up and about. It was during this time that Prisoner Zero established a psychic link with Amelia (later Amy) Pond.
The Eleventh Doctor belatedly returned to Amelia's house to save her from the multi-form. After Amy had seen its natural form, Prisoner Zero took a shape-shifted form but was confused as to which voice to use for each form. The Atraxi, who had followed The Doctor, broadcasted a global warning that they would incinerate "the human residence", Earth, if Prisoner Zero did not surrender. After escaping from Prisoner Zero, The Doctor and Amy went into the village square, where residents of Leadworth were taking pictures of the Sun, obscured because the Atraxi had put a force field around the Earth. The Doctor noticed that Rory was facing the other way, taking a picture of Prisoner Zero, who was disguised as a man with a dog. The Doctor attempted to draw the Atraxi to Prisoner Zero by overloading all the electrical devices in the surrounding area with his extraterrestrial sonic screwdriver, but the screwdriver burnt out and Prisoner Zero escaped again.
Prisoner Zero went to the hospital and killed all The Doctors and nurses. It took the form of a woman with two children to fool Amy and Rory, but gave itself away by talking with the woman's voice through a child's mouth. It snarled at Amy and Rory and chased them down the corridors. The Doctor arrived through the window just in time, and revealed his master plan to Prisoner Zero.
Believing that surrender would mean execution, Prisoner Zero said it was prepared to die in flames with the whole planet. The Doctor suggested Prisoner Zero open another crack to escape, but Zero said the cracks were not its doing, but cracks in the skin of the universe. It taunted The Doctor about his lack of knowledge. "The Doctor in the TARDIS doesn't know." It added that "the Pandorica will open. Silence will fall". When cornered by The Doctor, who had given the Atraxi Prisoner Zero's location and pictures of all its previous disguises, it tried to avoid Atraxi detection by using a psychic connection with Amy to imitate her younger self and the Doctor. The Doctor thwarted this by stimulating Amy's recent memory of Prisoner Zero and forcing it to take on its own form. The Atraxi detected and secured Prisoner Zero, as it gave its final warning: "Silence, Doctor. Silence will fall". (The Eleventh Hour)
Much later, the Eleventh Doctor would later muse that while he foiled the mysterious plans of Prisoner Zero, he never actually learned what Prisoner Zero's plans were. (The Day of the Doctor)
 - In an issue of Doctor Who Magazine, Matt Smith and Karen Gillan referred to Prisoner Zero as a "Face Tendril". Steven Moffat also referred to it as such, as did the trading card.
 - Despite being the first villain of the Matt Smith era, Prisoner Zero wasn't seen in any trailers or publicity images.
 - Steven Moffat's DVD commentary on The Eleventh Hour reveals that there was originally a line of dialogue establishing that Prisoner Zero had impersonated an army and invaded a planet, but the line was cut. Moffat states that he was never quite happy with the explanation and it is better left to the imagination..
 Prisoner Zero's entire body in its true form is never seen, always trailing off-screen.
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