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You are here: REHACARE Portal. Up-to-date. Archive. Wheelchair.
Communicate and Steer a Wheelchair by Sniffing
The nasal cannula is used to carry
nasal pressure to the sensor;
© Weizmann Institute
A device based on sniffing – inhaling and exhaling through the nose – might enable numerous disabled people to navigate wheelchairs or communicate with their loved ones.
Sniffing is a precise motor skill that is controlled, in part, by the soft palate – the flexible divider that moves to direct air in or out through the mouth or nose. The soft palate is controlled by several nerves that connect to it directly through the braincase. This close link led Sobel and his scientific team to theorise that the ability to sniff – that is, to control soft palate movement – might be preserved even in the most acute cases of paralysis.
To test their theory, the researchers created a device with a sensor that fits on the nostril's opening and measures changes in air pressure. For patients on respirators, they developed a passive version of the device, which diverts airflow to the patient's nostrils. About 75% of the subjects on respirators were able to control their soft palate movement to operate the device.
'The most stirring tests were those we did with locked-in syndrome patients. With the new system, they were able to communicate with family members, and even initiate communication with the outside," said Noam Sobel who developed this system.
One patient who had been locked in for seven months following a stroke learned to use the device over a period of several days, writing her first message to her family. Another, who had been locked in since a traffic accident 18 years earlier wrote that the new device was much easier to use than one based on blinking. Another ten patients, all quadriplegics, succeeded in operating a computer and writing messages through sniffing.
In addition to communication, the device can function as a sort of steering mechanism for wheelchairs: Two successive sniffs in tell it to go forward, two out mean reverse, out and then in turn it left, and in and out turn it right. After fifteen minutes of practice, a subject who is paralysed from the neck down managed to navigate a wheelchair through a complex route – sharp turns and all – as well as a non-disabled volunteer.
Sniffs can be in or out, strong or shallow, long or short; and this gives the device's developers the opportunity to create a complex 'language' with multiple signals. The new system is relatively inexpensive to produce, and simple and quick to learn to operate in comparison with other brain-machine interfaces. Sobel believes that this invention may not only bring new hope to severely disabled people, but it could be useful in other areas, for instance as a control for a 'third arm' for surgeons and pilots.
REHACARE.de; Source: Weizmann Institute
- More about the Weizmann Institute at _URL_
( Source: REHACARE.de )


Next: , Up: FR-V Built-in Functions Argument Types
The arguments to the built-in functions can be divided into three groups: register numbers, compile-time constants and run-time values. In order to make this classification clear at a glance, the arguments and return values are given the following pseudo types:
Pseudo type Real C type Constant? Description
uh unsigned short No an unsigned halfword
uw1 unsigned int No an unsigned word
sw1 int No a signed word
uw2 unsigned long long No an unsigned doubleword
sw2 long long No a signed doubleword
const int Yes an integer constant
acc int Yes an ACC register number
iacc int Yes an IACC register number
These pseudo types are not defined by GCC, they are simply a notational convenience used in this manual.
Arguments of type uh, uw1, sw1, uw2 and sw2 are evaluated at run time. They correspond to register operands in the underlying FR-V instructions.
const arguments represent immediate operands in the underlying FR-V instructions. They must be compile-time constants.
acc arguments are evaluated at compile time and specify the number of an accumulator register. For example, an acc argument of 2 will select the ACC2 register.
iacc arguments are similar to acc arguments but specify the number of an IACC register. See see Other Built-in Functions for more details.


moved. This is because
 correlations are by name.
 The best way for tests to correlate accurately with source files is
 when a change contains a test and exactly those files relating to the
 functionality under test. Too many spurious files will weaken the
 usefulness of the testing correlations.
 Aegis is capable of recording metrics as part of the file attributes
 of a change. This allows various properties of files to be recorded
 for later trend analysis, or other uses.
 The specific metrics are not dictated by Aegis. It is expected that
 the integration build will create a metrics file for each of the
 source files the change. These metrics files must be in the format
 specified by aemetrics(5).
 The name of the metrics file defaults to "filename,S", however it may
 be varied, by setting the metrics_filename_pattern field of the
 project config file. See aepconf(5) for more information.
 If such a metrics file exists, for each source file in a change, it
 will be read and remembered at integrate pass time. If it does not
 exist, Aegis assumes there are no relevant metrics for that file, and
 proceeds silently; it is not an error.
 The following options are understood:
 -Change number
 This option may be used to specify a particular change within
 a project. See aegis(1) for a complete description of this
 This option may be used to obtain more information about how
 to use the aegis program.
 This option may be used to obtain a list of suitable subjects
 This option may be used to disable the automatic logging of
 output and errors to a file. This is often useful when
 several aegis commands are combined in a shell script.
 -Project name
 This option may be used to select the project of interest.
 When no -Project option is specified, the AEGIS_PROJECT
 environment variable is consulted. If that does not exist,
 does not exist, when the user is only working on changes
 within a single project, the project name defaults to that
 project. Otherwise, it is an error.
 -REAson text
 This option may be used to attach a comment to the change
 history generated by this command. You will need to use
 quotes to insulate the spaces from the shell.
 This option may be used to cause listings to produce the bare
 minimum of information. It is usually useful for shell
 By default aegis only produces output on errors. When used
 with the -List option this option causes column headings to be
 access locks, if they cannot be obtained immediately.
 Defaults to the user's lock_wait_preference if not specified,
 see aeuconf(5) for more information.
 This option may be used to require Aegis commands to emit a
 fatal error if access locks cannot be obtained immediately.
 Defaults to the user's lock_wait_preference if not specified,
 see aeuconf(5) for more information.
 All options may be abbreviated; the abbreviation is documented as the
 optional. You must use consecutive sequences of optional letters.
 be understood, because consecutive optional characters were not
 Options and other command line arguments may be mixed arbitrarily on
 the command line, after the function selectors.
 "--option=value" convention is also understood.
 The recommended alias for this command is
 csh% alias aeipass 'aegis -ipass \!* -v'
 sh$ aeipass(){aegis -ipass "$@" -v}
 It is an error if the change is not assigned to the current user.
 It is an error if The change is not in the being integrated state.
 It is an error if there has been no successful 'aegis -Build' command
 for the integration.
 It is an error if there has been no successful 'aegis -Test' command
 for the integration.
 It is an error if there has been no successful 'aegis -Test -BaseLine'
 command for the integration.
 command. See aepconf(5) for the project configuration file's
 project_specific field for how to set environment variables for all
 commands executed by Aegis.
 aeib(1) begin integration of a change
 fail integration of a change
 simple file metrics
 metrics values file format
 user configuration file format
 aegis version 4.24.3.D001
 The aegis program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details use
 are welcome to redistribute it under certain conditions; for details
 use the 'aegis -VERSion License' command.
 Peter Miller E-Mail:
 /\/\* WWW:


Does colored mulch affect the growth rate of a plant?
Purpose: To determine if different colored plastic (or mulch) on the soil surface affects the temperature of soil.
Materials: Digital thermometer; potting soil; 8 pots; colored mulch in black, white, and red; window sill with full sun; tape. For the colored mulch, you can use different paint colors to paint black plastic, or you might use different colored plastic bags or mulch from the store.
Procedure: Fill pots with equal amounts of soil. Place 2 uncovered pots on the window sill where there is full sun. Cover 2 pots with black plastic, 2 pots with white plastic, and 2 pots with red plastic. Make sure the plastic covers the top of the pot, and tape it to the pot. Place these pots on the window sill. In 24 hours, record your first temperature measurements. You can do this by sticking the temperature probe in the drainage hole of the pot. For 10 days, record the temperatures for each pot in the morning and afternoon. Note the differences in temperature among the colors, and record observations.
Think About This:
1. Which pot had the highest soil temperature?
2. What color kept the soil the coolest?
3. Why do you think that some mulch colors make the soil hotter or cooler?
Return to: Ways to boss around a plant – experiments for middle schoolers
USDA-ARS. Does Colored Mulch Affect Soil Temperature? June 2009l


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Suicidal Mass Murderers: A Criminological Study of Why They Kill
On April 16, 2007, Cho Seung-Hui, a student at Virginia Tech with a history of mental illness, became the perpetrator of the most infamous school shooting in the history of the United States.
In the aftermath of the killings and Cho's subsequent suicide, one primary question emerged: Why? Suicidal Mass Murderers: A Criminological Study of Why They Kill explores the answer to this and related questions.
Detailing Cho's descent into madness that culminated in this tragic event, the book asks how we can:
- Identify and red flag the potentially dangerous
- Intervene early in their lives to prevent violence
- Mitigate potential damage
- Sequester, even involuntarily, the violent mentally ill
- Treat the dangerously mentally ill to being them back into meaningful lives
- Do all of this while protecting the patient's constitutional rights
Exploring the concept of whether such violent acts can be predicted, the book reveals the potential warning signs to look for in suspect individuals. First responders, public health authorities, and clinicians must learn to detect these early indicators if there is any hope in preventing a catastrophe such as what occurred at Virginia Tech from ever happening again.
|Publisher:||CRC Press (Routledge)|
|Author(s)||Liebert, J and Birnes, W|

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text: Performing in musical ensembles can be viewed as a dual task that requires simultaneous attention to a high priority �target� auditory pattern (e.g., a performer�s own part) and either (a) another part in the ensemble or (b) the aggregate texture that results when all parts are integrated. The current study tested the hypothesis that metric frameworks (rhythmic schemas) promote the efficient allocation of attentional resources in such multipart musical contexts. Experiment 1 employed a recognition memory paradigm to investigate the effects of attending to metrical versus nonmetrical target patterns upon the perception of aggregate patterns in which they were embedded. Experiment 2 required metrical and nonmetrical target patterns to be reproduced while memorizing different, concurrently presented metrical patterns that were also subsequently reproduced. Both experiments included conditions in which the different patterns within the multipart structure were matched or mismatched in terms of best-fitting meter. Results indicate that dual-task performance was best in matched-metrical conditions, intermediate in mismatched-metrical conditions, and worst in nonmetrical conditions. This suggests that metric frameworks may facilitate complex musical interactions by enabling efficient allocation of attentional resources.


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Bernard Street Bridge
|Bernard Street Bridge|
|Location Map ( geo)|
|Crossings related to the A199|
The Bernard Street Bridge carries the primary A199 over the Water of Leith in Leith. The bridge appears to date from the 1960s, consisting of three shallow concrete arches across the river. The size of the structure is deceptive, with much of it hidden under the water level which is maintained at an unnaturally high level by lock gates. In the past the Water of Leith was tidal.
Looking at the bridge today, it seems hard to imagine that it carries a primary route, being lined with parked cars, and taxi ranks, where it may once have been S4. However, with a traffic signal controlled junction on the west side of the bridge, and a steady flow of traffic in each direction the bridge is still busy.
Somewhere in this area is the site of the first bridge at Leith, built by the church in 1496. The bridge was demolished in c1780, when the expansion of Leith as a Port was already underway, and the removal of the bridge presumably opened up more of the river banks for development as wharves.
Another bridge, known as the Lower Drawbridge (the Upper Drawbridge is now known as Sandport Place Bridge), stood a little to the north of the modern bridge, seemingly requiring traffic to dogleg at each end to continue along the main Bernard Street - Commercial Street thoroughfare. This bridge was demolished in 1910.
Undoubtedly there have been other bridges on this site, or near to it, in the missing years between the two bridges mentioned above. However, more research is required to discover where they were, when they were built and what they looked like. Undoubtedly most would have allowed ships or boats to pass through them.


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Use of Function with Inconsistent Implementations
The code uses a function that has inconsistent implementations across operating systems and versions.
The use of inconsistent implementations can cause changes in behavior when the code is ported or built under a different environment than the programmer expects, which can lead to security problems in some cases.
The implementation of many functions varies by platform, and at times, even by different versions of the same platform. Implementation differences can include:
Slight differences in the way parameters are interpreted leading to inconsistent results.
Some implementations of the function carry significant security risks.
The function might not be defined on all platforms.
The function might change which return codes it can provide, or change the meaning of its return codes.
Weaknesses in this category are related to poor coding practices.
Weaknesses in this category are related to the use of built-in functions or external APIs.
This category identifies Software Fault Patterns (SFPs) within the Use of an Improper API cluster (SFP3).
This view (slice) covers all the elements in CWE.
CWE identifiers in this view (slice) are quality issues that only indirectly make it easier to introduce a vulnerability and/or make the vulnerability more difficult t...
This view (slice) lists weaknesses that can be introduced during implementation.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
Most South Africans Used Restitution to Increase Net Economic Assets, Atuahene Report Finds
September 5, 2012, ABF news
Illustration from Mail & Guardian, "Land is not a Utopia for the dispossessed," by Bernadette Atuahene
In July, ABF Faculty Fellow Bernadette Atuahene released a report on the South African land restitution process entitled "Paying for the Past: Addressing Past Property Violations in South Africa." Contrary to popular belief, Atuahene found that in many cases the money has had an enduring economic impact.
The South African government commissioned this report in 2008 when Atuahene began her research. Atuahene interviewed 150 beneficiaries of the Land Restitution Commission, the government agency tasked with providing financial compensation or land transfers to South Africans who were forcibly removed under apartheid and colonialism.
Atuahene's report contradicts the Land Restitution Commission's belief that financial compensation has not had a long term economic effect. Among Atuahene's findings are:
- 30% of interviewees who chose a cash award used it to improve their primary asset—their home.
- 33% used the funds such that they moderately increased their economic assets.
- When the award did not have an enduring economic effect, the award was often very small.
In her report, Atuahene recommends that the Commission:
- engage in the complicated task of transferring land to people who have the requisite skill set or resources to develop it.
- consider the cash awards a viable alternative to land transfers – which are complicated and time consuming – for restitution claimants who have a valid legal claim, but not necessarily the requisite skills or resources to develop the land to which they are entitled.
- boost the effectiveness of cash awards by providing vouchers that are larger than the cash amount and can be used to purchase items with an enduring economic impact such as building materials or to make direct payments to educational institutions.
Atuahene conducted an extensive South African media tour after the report's release, and was featured in leading South African publications such as the Mail & Guardian, Business Day, and City Press. She also gave lengthy interviews on the South African Broadcasting Corporation's "Forum @ Eight" and "Evening Radio Show with Masechaba" programs. Upon her return, she gave an interview on Chicago Public Radio's "Worldview" program.
Atuahene's forthcoming book, We Want What's Ours: Redressing Past Property Violations in South Africa, is based on the interviews she conducted during this field work. She is also directing and producing a documentary film about one South African family's struggle to reclaim the land stolen from them during apartheid.
For more about the film, please visit _URL_.
« Return to ABF news

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Talking Turkey: Choosing the Right Turkey for You
November 10, 2012
Talking Turkey: Choosing the Right Turkey for You
The turkey will be the star of your Thanksgiving dinner, so you want to make sure you choose one that's worthy of top billing. But how do you pick the right turkey with so many options out there? Check out our guide to selecting the perfect bird for you.
Figure out how much bird you need. Plan to have 1 ½ to 2 pounds of turkey per person you're serving. You should err on the side of 2 pounds per person if you're only having a few guests (smaller turkeys have more bones to meat than their plumper counterparts), if your guests are hearty eaters, or if you like those day-after sandwiches.
Select the right type of turkey. There's more than one way to raise and prep a turkey—so you have plenty of options for your Thanksgiving feast. Some turkey growers may use the same term to describe very different styles of raising turkeys, so read the label carefully to ensure you know exactly what you're getting.
 - Self-Basted These are the traditional turkeys you grew up with—they've been injected with butter, broth or salt water to ensure a moist turkey, though not necessarily the most flavorful one. Some brands come with a built-in temperature sensor that pops out when the turkey's done, making cooking a cinch. Just keep in mind you can get the same results with an old-fashioned meat thermometer, which you can use for other roasts.
Why You Might Like This: The self-basted turkey, with its built-in temperature sensor, takes a lot of the guesswork (and work) out of making a turkey, making it easier for a Thanksgiving newbie to get great results.
 - Natural When you're talking turkey, "natural" generally means that there's been no added preservatives or chemicals during the preparation for market. Sometimes, it can even mean that the turkey was raised in a more natural way, with a vegetarian feed and no antibiotics. Read the label carefully to see exactly what that particular grower means.
Why You Might Like This: If you're concerned about preservatives and other chemicals in your food, getting a natural turkey will minimize your exposure.
 - Kosher Kosher birds are raised and prepped in accordance with Jewish laws. That means that they've been subjected to a cool water bath and a serious salting before they hit your table. You'll likely be able to skip the brining process if you opt for a kosher bird.
Why You Might Like This: Even people who don't follow a kosher diet may want a kosher turkey—this turkey comes prebrined, so you don't have to do that.
 - Organic Organic turkeys need to be raised to strict standards to get that label. They aren't given growth hormones or antibiotics, and eat organic, pesticide-free feed that doesn't contain animal byproducts.
Why You Might Like This: Organic food will limit your exposure to chemicals—and organic turkeys will be free of hormones, antibiotics and pesticides that you might find in non-organic turkeys.
 - Free Range and Pastured "Free range" simply means that the turkeys aren't cooped up for their entire lives—but the amount of outdoor access varies, so read the label to see how much outdoor time your turkey actually had. Pastured birds likely spent much of their life out in the sun, eating their native diet of insects and grass, which could give you a more flavorful bird.
Why You Might Like This: If you're concerned about humane farming practices, a free-range or pastured bird will likely have been given more room to move and a more natural life.
 - Heritage If you want to taste a turkey like the Pilgrims ate, try a heritage turkey. These are unique breeds of turkey that are descended from the original domesticated turkeys, and are usually grown in humane conditions, including pasturing and grazing on grass and insects. Their meat is darker and more flavorful than a standard turkey, but they may be a bit harder to come by—you may need to order online rather than pick it up at the supermarket.
Why You Might Like This: If you want a more flavorful bird, and one grown in a more humane way, a heritage turkey will provide that.
Take care of your turkey properly. You can keep your turkey in the freezer until a few days before the big day. But give your bird plenty of time to defrost properly—one of the most common mistakes people make is trying to defrost a 20-pound turkey the night before Thanksgiving. Your turkey needs one day of defrosting in the refrigerator for every four pounds it weighs—so a 16-pound bird needs to hit the fridge at least four days before the holiday. (And don't even think about speeding up defrosting by leaving the turkey out on the counter—that puts you and your guests at risk for food poisoning.) To avoid icky spills in your fridge, keep the turkey in its original wrapping and thaw it on a rimmed baking sheet. Once the turkey is thawed, you're ready to roast!
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text:
etd AT Indian Institute of Science >
Division of Earth and Environmental Sciences >
Civil Engineering (civil) >
Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:
|Title: ||Passive Earth Pressure Coefficients And There Applications In The Uplift Capacity Of Anchors|
|Authors: ||Nayak, Sitaram|
|Advisors: ||Rao, Subba K S|
|Submitted Date: ||Apr-2000|
|Publisher: ||Indian Institute of Science|
|Abstract: ||The problem of passive earth pressure is one of the important topics in Geotechnical engineering. At attempt is made in this thesis to generate passive earth pressure coefficients for general c-Φ soils using logarithmic spiral failure surface by limit equilibrium approach. Method of slices for the determination of passive force in c-Φsoils is presented and the method is extended to a typical problem of two layered soil system. The application of passive earth pressure coefficients has been demonstrated for pullout capacity of inclined strip anchors in sloping ground. A semi-empirical approach for the determination of displacement-related passive earth pressure is presented.
The thesis is organized in seven chapters. In Ch.2, a brief summary of relevant literature is presented along with the scope of the thesis. In Ch. 3, limit equilibrium approach for the determination of the passive earth pressure in soils is presented. The
passive earth pressure coefficients are developed for δ/Φ= - 1, - ¾ , -2/3, - ½, 0, ½, ¾
1; ψ = -60º, -45º, -30º, -20º, -10º, 0º,10º,20º,30º and 45º; i= -30º, -20º, -10º,0º,10º,20º and 30º where δ is the wall friction angle, Φ is the angle of internal friction, Ψ is the
inclination of the wall with the vertical and i is the ground inclination with the horizontal. Ch.4 deals with the method of slices. Satisfying all the three equilibrium conditions and using interstice friction as a variable, passive earth pressure coefficients are obtained for soils. Extension of the method to a two layered soil system is demonstrated by an illustrative example. A generalised approach for the determination of uplift capacity of inclined strip anchors in sloping ground subjected to surcharge is presented in Ch. 5. Expressions are provided for the determination of pullout capacity of deep anchors. Displacement-related passive earth pressure is discussed in Ch. 6. Using the earlier experimental observations on the passive earth pressure measurements with displacements, expressions have been fitted for the determination of displacement-related passive earth pressure for the three modes of rigid body movements viz., translation, rotation about the top and rotation about the bottom. The conclusions drawn from the present investigations are listed in Ch 7.
(Pl see the original document for abstract)|
|Appears in Collections:||Civil Engineering (civil)|
Items in etd@IISc are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise indicated.


Weekend Unplug: Take the kids to watch trains + lessons to share
Christie Dedman | By Christie Dedman |
Email the author | Follow on Twitter
on August 09, 2013 at 5:00 PM, updated August 09, 2013 at 5:02 PM
Screen Shot 2013-08-09 at 12.30.10 PM.png
 It's time for the weekend unplug. This week we took the kids over to Irondale at the Whistle Stop Cafe and let them watch trains.
While it doesn't sound that exciting it is for my kids. They love trains, even my daughter enjoys watching down the line.
1. Take some snacks and water.
2. Keep track of the trains if they are a cargo, passenger etc.
3. Don't forget to count the carts.
4. Talk about the jobs of the engineer or conductor.
5. Help your children learn the difference between train engines.
6. Notice the signals and train safety.
7. Don't forget to take photos and videos of your kids watching the action.
8. I set an alarm when we go so the kids will know when it's time to go.
9. Go at different times of the day and night for different conditions, dusk, afternoon sun, fog, night lights etc.


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We have studied the electron emission characteristics of Mo field emitter arrays (FEA's) using a diamond-like carbon (DLC) film deposited by a layer-by-layer technique using plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition. The turn-on voltage was lowered from 55 to 30 V by a 20-nm thick hydrogen-free DLC coating and maximum emission current was increased from 166 to 831 juA. Also the gate voltage required to get the anode current of 0.1 (juA/emitter) decreases from 77 to 48 V. Furthermore the emission current from DLC coated Mo FEA's is more stable than that of noncoated Mo FEA's.
- Emission current
- Emission stability
- Hydrogenfree dlc
- Mo fea's pecvd
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
- Electrical and Electronic Engineering


text:
Harnessing Video Technology
Produced by the Learning and Skills Improvement Service (LSIS), this case study looks at the theme of harnessing technology. It describes how the engineering department of Worcester College of Technology tackled the problem of delivering practical engineering techniques to students in a non-workshop setting when the workshop.
Their solution was to create a series of demonstration videos. This case study includes videos that demonstrate knurling, lathe calibration and vertical milling.
HEALTH and SAFETY
Any use of a resource that includes a practical activity must include a risk assessment. Please note that collections may contain ARCHIVE resources, which were developed at a much earlier date. Since that time there have been significant changes in the rules and guidance affecting laboratory practical work. Further information is provided in our Health and Safety guidance.


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Jasmine Wahi (Jasmine Wahi Contemporary Art Advisory) and Meenakshi Thirukode (MT Productions) are pleased to present an experimental curatorial adventure Project For Empty Space, by Tehniyet Masood.
The evolution of Project For Empty Space's installation will be executed by local artist Tehniyet Masood. Every day she will add to a sculpture made out of reclaimed wood from different parts of New York City. Using the recycled wood as a metaphor for New York City's history, Masood will erect a work that draws inspiration from the existing intersections and overlaps of the urban landscape of New York. By bringing together different elements of architecture and design, the structure will take on a life of its own.
Project for Empty Space is an exhibition that investigates the dialog between artist, environment, and community. The relationship of these three subjects has taken on interesting overtones and layers given the current economic climate. Project for Empty Space brings together artists influenced by the environment of the Lower East Side to create thought-provoking and inspiring installations in a vacant outdoor space. Like many public art endeavors,
Project for Empty Space was originally born out of the need to bring contemporary art out of traditionally "high-brow" neighborhoods to the everyday people of New York. Due to the curators' convictions regarding art education and appreciation, the Project has been strategically crafted to encourage the public to interact with the work in a variety of ways. It is the belief of the curators that witnessing the process and evolution of a work of art from concept to completion will spark a sense of curiosity and interest in all who are exposed. The behind-the-scene's evolutionary experience of the artwork is both unique and engaging for the viewers.
Masood, who was born and raised in Karachi, Pakistan, studied Painting and Sculpture at Bennington College and the School of The Art Institute of Chicago.
Throughout the duration of the Project, curators Wahi and Thirukode will invite a number of guest speakers and artists to speak with the public about how New York City's diverse community and cityscape serves as their muse. More details on the presentations will be available closer to the dates.
Project For Empty Space has been made possible by generous donations from Bulldog Gin, Build It Green NYC, Pink Brick House, and numerous donations from private supporters across the globe.
For more information about the exhibition and its sponsors please refer to _URL_ or email _EMAIL_.


Quick Answer: What Causes Stress In Police Officers?
What are the effects of police stress?
The findings reveal that police officers experience daily psychological stress that puts them at an increased risk of various long-term health effects that may include cardiovascular disease, obesity, suicide, sleeplessness and cancer..
Can police officers have PTSD?
New studies have shown that police officers suffer symptoms indicative of PTSD at a similar rate as veterans of the military. Between seven and 19 percent of police officers exhibit symptoms of PTSD, compared to 3.5% of the general public. By and large, police officers suffer from cumulative PTSD.
What is the meaning of police personnel?
Definition. Police personnel refers to permanent, full-time equivalents of police officers and other support; part-time employees are converted to full-time equivalents (e. g.
What causes PTSD in police officers?
What do you consider the five most stressful aspects of work in law enforcement?
(2014) found that physical threats, lack of support, and organizational pressure were the highest ranked stressors. Collins and Gibbs (2003) found that the police organizational culture and an officer's workload were the highest ranked stressors.
How police can reduce and manage stress?
Law enforcement officers can reduce stress by: Planning meals and making healthy eating choices. Stop eating high-calorie fast food. Scheduling vacations and personal downtime.
What challenges do police officers face?
Law enforcement officers are exposed to disease and infected evidence and must take necessary precautions or risk being infected with AIDS, hepatitis B, or tuberculosis. Other dangers include the stress and fatigue of police work.
What are police officer hours?
Police and Sheriff's Patrol Officers work a minimum of 40 hours a week. They may work night patrol and often work on weekends and holidays. In addition, Officers are often required to be on-call. Some agencies offer a work schedule where Officers work 10-hour shifts, four days a week.
What types of stress do police officers deal with?
What are qualities of a police officer?
What are the three types of stresses?
Stress is the force applied to a rock and may cause deformation. The three main types of stress are typical of the three types of plate boundaries: compression at convergent boundaries, tension at divergent boundaries, and shear at transform boundaries.
What is police burnout?
What is the average life expectancy of a police officer?
A 2013 study published by the National Institutes of Health found the average life expectancy of a police officer to be 57, almost 22 years younger than the general population.
What are common signs and symptoms of police officer burnout?
Which is a major problem associated with police stress and burnout?
Police Stress and Burnout Issues associated with police stress are alcohol abuse, family problems, and suicide.


Stack
Stack and Reach
Stack is the vertical distance from the center of the bottom bracket to the top of the head tube. The horizontal counterpart to Stack is Reach.
Taken together, the reach and stack dimensions are very useful values to consider when comparing one frame to another. There is less ambiguity when looking at stack and reach than at seat tube length and top tube length as the two latter dimensions are often measured in different ways. The BikeCAD Design Archive can be searched according to reach and stack values. This allows you to easily find a variety of similarly sized bikes for comparison.
Be aware that stack and reach are also dependent on fork dimensions and the lower stack height of the headset used.
Stack can be directly controlled in BikeCAD as described at: bikecad.ca/toptube_frontcenter.


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The length of this lunation is 29 days, 15 hours and 31 minutes and it is 13 minutes longer than the upcoming lunation's length. This is the year's longest synodic month of 2093. The lengths of the following synodic months are going to decrease with the lunar orbit true anomaly getting closer to the value it has at the point of New Moon at perigee (∠0° or ∠360°).
Lunation length longer than mean
The length of the current synodic month is 2 hours and 47 minutes longer than the mean synodic month length. It is 4 hours and 16 minutes shorter compared to 21st century's longest synodic month length.
Lunar orbit details for
True anomaly ∠167.5°
The true anomaly of the Moon orbit at the beginning of this lunation cycle is ∠167.5° and at the beginning of the next lunar synodic month the true anomaly is going to be ∠190.3°.
Moon at apogee
Moon is at apogee at 06:06 about 14 days since last perigee on 10 June 2093 at 08:55 in ♑ Capricorn the lunar orbit is going to narrow while the Moon is moving towards the Earth over the upcoming 13 days until point of next perigee on 8 July 2093 at 18:17 in ♑ Capricorn.
This apogee Moon is 406 382 km(252 514 mi) away from Earth. It is 974 km further than the mean apogee distance, but it is still 327 km closer than the farthest apogee of 21st century.
Moon in ascending node
Moon is in ascending node in ♋ Cancer at 19:10 crossing the ecliptic from South to North. Lunar position remains north of if for the upcoming 13 days until Moon's next descending node later on 9 July 2093 at 06:40 in ♑ Capricorn.
1 day since the last northern standstill on 24 June 2093 at 15:06 in ♋ Cancer when the Moon has reached North declination of ∠21.648° the lunar orbit is extending southward over the next 12 days to face maximum declination of ∠-21.641° at the point of next southern standstill on 8 July 2093 at 09:04 in ♑ Capricorn.


Jeremy A.
asked • 06/18/21
Please Read Question Below!
A toy cannon uses a spring to project a 5.27-g soft rubber ball. The spring is originally compressed by 4.95 cm and has a force constant of 7.99 N/m. When the cannon is fired, the ball moves 16.0 cm through the horizontal barrel of the cannon, and the barrel exerts a constant friction force of 0.0322 N on the ball.
(a) With what speed does the projectile leave the barrel of the cannon?
(b) At what point does the ball have maximum speed?
_________cm (from its original position)
(c) What is this maximum speed?
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Solidarity with the Buffalo Soldiers Museum
We stand in solidarity with the Buffalo Soldiers National Museum which was vandalized sometime on July 27 or 28. The museum, located in Mid-town Houston, honors the contributions of African American members of the U.S. military who fought and died for this nation and those who continue to serve their country at home and abroad. African Americans have fought for the United States since the Revolutionary War, even as the country denied them their basic rights as citizens. This museum and the history it preserves is vital to our local community and to our nation's struggle to overcome its centuries long history of systemic racism.
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text:
When you're talking about a topping for bagels and cream cheese, lox is the name most tossed around — it just sounds natural to order a bagel with lox and cream cheese. But is lox really just smoked salmon? Here's a guide to what lox really is, as well as a primer on how different types of smoked salmon are made.
Lox was traditionally only made from the belly of salmon, although other parts of the fish are now also used. The salmon is salt-cured or brined but never cooked or smoked, so it has a very silky, rich texture and translucency. Lox is the traditional topping of bagels with cream cheese and is most often served thinly sliced.
- Get a recipe: How To Salt Cure Salmon (Lox) at Home
There are two other versions of lox where the preparation methods do vary a bit:
- Nova Lox: This lox, which comes from Nova Scotia, is actually cold-smoked after the curing or brining process.
- Gravlax: Gravlax is the Scandinavian preparation of lox, where lots of fresh dill and spices such as juniper berries and pepper, as well as some liquor such as aquavit or brandy, are additional ingredients used during the curing process.
- Get a recipe: Gravlax
Smoked salmon is a much more generic term than lox. Smoked salmon can be made from any part of the fish, and it starts with salt curing or brining, just as in lox.
The next step is where smoked salmon is different from lox. The salmon can be covered in spices or a dry rub after curing, then smoked in one of two ways:
- Cold-Smoked Salmon: The salmon is slowly exposed to smoke in about an 80°F environment for a few days. The salmon doesn't get cooked, so the flesh of cold-smoked salmon stays very moist and silky and has a beautiful translucent pink color. Cold-smoked salmon has a similar texture to lox, but has an additional layer of smoky flavor. It is also a common topping for bagels and cream cheese and is usually sold thinly sliced.
- Hot-Smoked Salmon: The salmon is smoked with heat in the same way meat gets smoked. The fish gets cooked all the way through and ends up with a firm, flaky, and drier texture, but it also has a distinct smoky flavor. When shopping for hot-smoked salmon, it looks very similar to a piece of cooked or grilled salmon.
- Get a recipe: How To Make Hot-Smoked Salmon
Updated from a post originally published in March 2011.


text:
As the result of a Settlement Agreement that the National AGO organization is entering into with the Federal Trade Commission, the AGO is no longer permitted to publish Salary Guidelines, Model Contracts, or Model Contract Provisions. Accordingly, these documents and guidelines have been removed from the AGO headquarters and this chapter's website.
Independent Contractor or Employee? How to Tell the Difference.
Occasionally churches or synagogues will hire musicians as independent contractors instead of employees. According to the IRS, workers are generally considered employees if they:
- Must comply with the employer's instructions about the work.
- Receive training from or at the direction of the employer.
- Provide services that are integrated into the business.
- Provide services that must be rendered personally.
- Are aided by assistants who are hired, supervised, and paid by the employer.
- Have a continuing working relationship with the employer.
- Must follow set hours of work.
- Work full-time for an employer.
- Do their work on the employer's premises.
- Must do their work in a sequence set by the employer.
- Must submit regular reports to the employer.
- Receive payments of regular amounts at set intervals.
- Receive payments for business travel expenses.
- Rely on the employer to furnish tools and materials.
- Lack a major investment in the facilities or equipment used to perform the services.
- Cannot make a profit or suffer a loss from their services.
- Work for one employer at a time.
- Do not offer their services to the general public.
- Can be fired by the employer.
- May quit work at any time without incurring liability.
According to these guidelines, the majority of church and synagogue musicians are employees.
To access the AGO "Positions Available" (available only to current members), please click here.


text:
- Knowledge Management -
Knowledge Management Strategic Planning
A Knowledge Management Strategic Plan is a comprehensive approach to knowledge management. Strategic planning may take the form of a multi-year strategic plan or may be as short as six months. Strategic planning is useful for knowledge management because it helps to identify areas to focus knowledge management initiatives on. The plan could include any of the following: an introduction, purpose, challenge, vision, responsibilities, priorities, strategic activities, corporate activities, and activity timelines.
Last Review / Update: 2011-07-04


Cykelero's Projects
Write your name, press enter, and watch it being written by falling leaves.
nameTracer is a Flash movie created as a test of Flash 9 bitmap handling capabilities.
When you press enter, a black and white mask of your name is created, black areas needing to be filled. Random points in dark areas are randomly picked, and the mask is instantly stamped with a randomly rotated white leaf, and a leaf is created at the top of the animation, with various randomized parameters such as horizontal delta. This leaf is then animated, until it hits the grounds at the precise point chosen before; at this point, the leaf itself is stamped on a second bitmap, which is displayed behind all the leaves. The leaf can be safely removed, ensuring a perfect framerate.
Last modified:.
nameTracer was made using Flash. It is a test. It is graphic.


5
$\begingroup$
I want to calculate the distribution of a product of two i.i.d. Gaussian distributed variables a and b. In principle, this should be possible by defining a new variable x with a dirac delta distribution
new variable x with dirac delta distribution
To get the distribution over x (the product of a and b), a and b have to be marginalized out:
calculation of p(x)
Since the dirac delta ties the variables a and b together via the variable x=ab, we can skip one integral and get
one integral skipped
So far so good.
If I now want to calculate this in Matlab, I get a huge difference between the solution with integral and a simple sampling solution as approximation.
Here is my MWE:
mu_a = 2;
sig2_a = 1;
mu_b = 0;
sig2_b = 1;
res = 250;
xmin = -10;
xmax = 10;
x_range = linspace(xmin,xmax,res);
normal = @(x, mu, sig2) 1/sqrt(2*pi*sig2)*...
 exp((-1/2)*((x-mu)^2/sig2));
normal_a = @(a) arrayfun(normal,a,mu_a*ones(size(a)),sig2_a*ones(size(a)));
normal_b = @(b) arrayfun(normal,b,mu_b*ones(size(b)),sig2_b*ones(size(b)));
product_pdf1 = zeros(size(x_range));
product_pdf2 = zeros(size(x_range));
for i = 1:length(x_range)
 x = x_range(i);
 normal_ab = @(a) normal_a(a).*normal_b(x./a);
 product_pdf1(i) = integral(normal_ab,-Inf,Inf);
 normal_ab = @(b) normal_a(x./b).*normal_b(b);
 product_pdf2(i) = integral(normal_ab,-Inf,Inf);
end
subplot(2,1,1,'replace'); hold all
plot(x_range, normal_a(x_range))
plot(x_range, normal_b(x_range))
plot(x_range, product_pdf1, '--')
plot(x_range, product_pdf2, '--')
axis tight
drawnow
% the sampling solution
N = 50000;
X_sequence = zeros(1,N);
for i=1:N
 a = mu_a + sqrt(sig2_a)*randn();
 b = mu_b + sqrt(sig2_b)*randn();
 x = a*b;
 X_sequence(i) = x;
end
subplot(2,1,2,'replace'); hold all
hist(X_sequence,250)
xlim([xmin xmax])
Note that I calculated the integral once for a and once for b, the output is completely different.
green and red lines: input Gaussians, dashed lines: attempt to calculate the product
Depending on the parameters, one, the other or both of the calculations are clearly wrong. In my example, the sampling solution is much peakier than the better looking integral attempt. The other one is completely wrong.
I now wonder: Is my math wrong? Is my code wrong? Or is it a limitation of Matlab's integral function (e.g. having trouble integrating over discontinuities)?
UPDATE:
Tom spotted a mistake in my derivations. I updated my MWE accordingly and normalized the histogram for better comparison:
mu_a = 2;
sig2_a = 1;
mu_b = 0;
sig2_b = 1;
res = 250;
xmin = -10;
xmax = 10;
x_range = linspace(xmin,xmax,res);
normal = @(x, mu, sig2) 1/sqrt(2*pi*sig2)*...
 exp((-1/2)*((x-mu)^2/sig2));
normal_a = @(a) arrayfun(normal,a,mu_a*ones(size(a)),sig2_a*ones(size(a)));
normal_b = @(b) arrayfun(normal,b,mu_b*ones(size(b)),sig2_b*ones(size(b)));
product_pdf1 = zeros(size(x_range));
product_pdf2 = zeros(size(x_range));
for i = 1:length(x_range)
 x = x_range(i);
 normal_ab = @(a) (1./a).*normal_a(a).*normal_b(x./a);
 product_pdf1(i) = integral(normal_ab,-Inf,Inf);
 normal_ab = @(b) (1./b).*normal_a(x./b).*normal_b(b);
 product_pdf2(i) = integral(normal_ab,-Inf,Inf);
end
subplot(2,1,1,'replace'); hold all
plot(x_range, normal_a(x_range))
plot(x_range, normal_b(x_range))
plot(x_range, product_pdf1, '--')
plot(x_range, product_pdf2, '--')
axis tight
drawnow
% the sampling solution
N = 50000;
X_sequence = zeros(1,N);
for i=1:N
 a = mu_a + sqrt(sig2_a)*randn();
 b = mu_b + sqrt(sig2_b)*randn();
 x = a*b;
 X_sequence(i) = x;
end
subplot(2,1,2,'replace'); hold all
hres = 250; % histogram resolution
[B, X] = hist(X_sequence,hres);
dx = diff(X(1:2));
plot(x_range, product_pdf1,'--')
plot(X, B/sum(B*dx),'-.');
plot(x_range, besselk(0,abs(x_range))/pi)
xlim([xmin xmax])
But, strangely, the solutions still don't match: enter image description here One of the integral solutions is now completely off, but the other (lower plot, dot-dashed red) is now actually closer to the sampling solution (dashed green). The BesselK doesn't match, it is much peakier.
Further suggestions?
$\endgroup$
 - $\begingroup$ Is your normal equation right? I would have thought: normal = @(x, mu, Sig) (1/(Sig*sqrt(2*pi))) * exp((-1/2)*((x-mu)/Sig)^2);? Not that it affects your charts $\endgroup$ – Dan Jun 25 '14 at 9:13
 - $\begingroup$ You're right, it looked a bit confusing. I changed Sig to sig2 to make clear I use sigma^2 in my definition. $\endgroup$ – Edgar Jun 25 '14 at 11:37
3
$\begingroup$
You made a mistake in the derivation. Let's start from this integral: $$ p(x) = \int_{-\infty}^{\infty} \int_{-\infty}^{\infty} \delta(ab-x) p(a) p(b) da ~ db $$ To remove the $\delta$, you need to make a change of variable from $b$ to $c=ab$, for which $dc = a ~ db$. The integral becomes: $$ p(x) = \int_{-\infty}^{\infty} \int_{-\infty}^{\infty} \delta(c-x) p(a) p(c/a) \frac{1}{|a|} da ~ dc \\ = \int_{-\infty}^{\infty} p(a) p(x/a) \frac{1}{|a|} da $$ When $p(a)$ is standard normal, $p(x) = \frac{1}{


text:
Growth and Movement in Brown Trout (Salmo trutta) in two Norwegian Rivers
MetadataVis full innførsel
- Institutt for biologi
In the present study, using stream-dwelling brown trout (Salmo trutta) as a model species, movement through the summer and autumn in two large Norwegian rivers, River Glomma and River Gudbrandsdalslågen, was observed. In addition fish from each river were sampled for age and growth analysis. The aim of the study was to test for which individual characteristics (sex, body mass, body condition factor, tagging site and cohort) that influenced movement and to test for correlations between growth rates (both immature and mature) and movement (movement during the growth season and spawning migration) on a large spatiotemporal scale. Model selection showed that body condition was negatively related to movement during the growth season and that there was a difference in movement activity between the two rivers. Female body size had a positive effect on the activity level shown for movement during the growth season and spawning period; however no such relationship was found for males. As this relationship has not been shown before in salmonids, the reason for this pattern remains unknown. However, one might speculate that it is related to differences between the two sexes in size-specific energy requirements associated with spawning. Neither movement during the growth season nor spawning migration could be predicted from growth rates experienced as juveniles. This indicates that variation in movement among individuals is not temporally consistent throughout life in brown trout.


Eco-Friendly Project with Cay-Shred begins at Beacon Farms
In December 2020, Beacon Farms received the first load of shredded paper from Cay-Shred Mobile Data Destruction. The load delivered weighed roughly 6,000 lbs - that is 6,000 lbs. less waste dumped at the George Town landfill!
Beacon farms will incorporate this shredded paper with our other compost inputs, such as green waste from landscapers, brown waste in the form of wood chips and create a nutrient rich compost product.
Cay-Shred will be delivering similarly sized load each week. This situation benefits everyone involved as we are reducing the volume of waste going to the dump by recycling a waste product and turning it into a valuable growing medium that will in turn make Beacon Farms' soil more productive.


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Combinatorics problem regarding number of possible paths
 1. Mar 1, 2010 #1
 Hi,
 I'm trying to figure out a variation of the problem where you determine the number of paths on a discrete grid. For example, for the paths from (0,0) to (a,b), you can consider it to be a rearrangement of a word with a x's and b y's, so the number of paths is (a+b)! / a!b!.
 The variation I would like to figure out would allow a specified number of reverse movements in addition to the movements in the proper direction. I am representing a movement to the right by "x", a movement to the left by "w", a movement upward by "y", and a movement downward by "z". If I am finding a path from (0,0) to (a,b) with c reverse horizontal movements and d reverse vertical movements, then the number of paths I have so far would be:
 (a + b + 2c + 2d)! / (a+c)!(b+d)!c!d!
 since the paths could be considered as a rearrangement of a word made of a+c x's, b+d y's, c w's and d z's. (a+c x's since there must be an additional movement to the right for every allowed movement to the left.
 I believe this is correct so far, but now I want to prevent paths where for example it goes right, then left, then right with a net result of just going right. To do this I want to find rearrangements of the word where there are no adjacent x's and w's and no adjacent y's and z's. I began by simplifying the problem to one where only reverse horizontal movements were allowed and I would then attempt to generalize to the case with reverse movements in both dimensions. However, I got stuck even in the simpler case.
 Would someone be able to help me through the simpler case (where there would be x's for going right, y's for going up, and w's for going left)? Then I will try to generalize to the other case.
 Thanks for your help.

 2. jcsd
 3. Sep 23, 2010 #2
 I'd still like to figure out this problem. It's not for an assignment or anything, rather for an independent project I'm working on, somewhat of an A.I. for a certain strategy game. Would it belong better in the homework section anyway?
 I'd really appreciate any help someone could offer. I'm terrible at combinatorics.

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text:
Do Tea Bags Expire?
If kept in conditions with low light, room temperature, and low moisture, tea bags won't mold and can last for years. Most manufacturers list the expiration date for tea bags as 2-3 years after their production, however, it also remains true that if you take care of where you store them, they will last longer.
You can keep tea bags for up to two years past their expiration date or expiration date, as long as you keep them in an airtight container in a cool, dark place so they don't spoil. Even though tea bags have a shelf life and shelf life, you can enjoy them for years until they no longer taste good. If the tea leaves are properly stored in a cool, dark place in an airtight container, they can be consumed for more than a year after the expiration date.
Expired tea can be drunk if the storage conditions of the tea are favorable. If your tea is individually packaged and stored securely, you can brew it years after its expiration date without worrying too much about safety. Storing tea under the above conditions can in some cases help keep it fresh even beyond the average expiration date, so it's definitely worth storing it properly if you're storing it for a long time.
As with most things, storing tea in any form at lower temperatures will extend the shelf life of the tea. Freezing the tea after brewing gives the tea a shelf life of 6-8 months.
Brewed tea will keep up to 5 days in the refrigerator and up to 8 months if frozen. In the refrigerator or freezer, tea products can be stored for at least 6-12 months if you pre-pack them. Generally, you can enjoy sealed tea for one to three years. Typically, tea bags and loose tea can be stored six to twelve months past their expiration date when stored in the pantry, and one to two years when stored in the freezer.
|Storage Places||Shelf Life|
While it's always best to follow the manufacturer's recommendations and drink your tea before the expiration date, tea bags can usually be kept for at least 1-2 years if stored properly. Unless the tea bags are in bags, which keeps the tea bags fresh longer, I would recommend storing them in an opaque airtight container such as these airtight containers from SilverOnyx. Because heat and light can reduce the quality of tea, store tea bags in an opaque glass container to keep them as cool as possible. If you don't like too strong tea and think you can make another cup or jug out of the same tea bag, the best thing you can do is put it in an airtight container right away to protect it from exposure.
To learn about How to know if peanuts have expired?, check out my other article where I cover things in detail.
If you choose to store tea in the refrigerator or freezer, be aware that condensation can form, so you can use a vacuum bag or packaging system to reduce the chance of tea spoiling and water getting into the tea. Storing tea in the refrigerator is the best option, especially for vacuum bags. The tea bags themselves contain chemicals that help keep the tea leaves fresh. However, tea bags can be used as long as they are not exposed to moisture or insects that can damage the leaves inside the tea bags.
Dried tea leaves are considered non-perishable goods, which means that they can be stored for a long time without the risk of spoiling. Tea leaves can last for years and will not rot or deteriorate if properly stored in a cool, dark, dry place. Properly stored dried tea leaves do not have an expiration date; however, after 2 years they lose their flavor and nutritional content. Leaves, tea bags and powdered tea can be stored for up to 2 years before the flavor of the leaves fades, provided they are stored in a cool, dark, dry and airtight place.
Dried tea leaves that are stored dry do not spoil, as long as they are kept away from heat, water, light and air, their flavors and phytochemicals can last for up to two years. The good news is that tea usually stays fresh for a while: 3 to 4 months in a bag, and up to a year in a can or other airtight container. To keep your tea fragrant and rich in flavonoids for a year or two, transfer your tea bags or tea leaves to airtight containers as soon as possible after purchase and store them away from stoves and sinks.
If you have a loose-leaf tea that you particularly like, transferring the tea to tea bags before putting it into long-term storage can make it much easier to consume the tea after taking it out of storage if you don't have it. infusor around. Taking these extra measures to store your tea may seem boring at the moment, but you'll appreciate your long-term efforts when finding the right type of tea becomes a breeze. No matter which container you choose to store your tea in, keeping it sealed from light, heat, air, and moisture is your best bet to keep your tea delicious and vital for years to come.
To learn about How To Tell If Mayo Is Bad, check out my other article where I cover things in detail.
Storing tea in the freezer is a great way to prevent mold growth and preserve the flavor and aroma for as long as possible. Tea bags can last for years if the tea bags are stored in cold places with less light, air and moisture, as cold places with less light can inhibit the growth of microbes in the tea bags and prevent loss of leaf flavor. Generally, most teas will keep for two years if stored properly, although green tea has a shorter shelf life and pu-erh tea can last much longer.
Is it OK to use expired tea bags?
Teabags will be good for at least a year to rest in the pantry; even longer, they are still safe to use. They may change their color or flavor. If your tea has an expiry date, it's just for its best taste, not for safety.
How do I know if my tea bag is expired?
As a rule, old tea will basically be less delightful than it ought to be, and taste dull or flat. While old tea isn't typically risky to polish off, it's most certainly a not great tea drinking experience. Assuming your tea has an aftertaste like it's turned sour or then again in the event that you spot apparent form or different indications of deterioration, stay away.
How do you store tea bags long term?
The most effective way to store tea sacks long haul is to placed them in hermetically sealed holders made of metal, clay, or glass. Firmly close the compartments and put them in a dim, dry spot. Keep temperatures between 60° to 80° Fahrenheit (15.5° to 26.6° Celsius). Keep away from direct light, dampness, and solid scents.


text:
An irradiated turbid medium scatters the light in accordance to its optical properties. Near-infrared (NIR) clinical methods, which are based on spectral-dependent absorption, suffer from an inherent error due to spectral-dependent scattering. We present here a unique spatial point, that is, iso-pathlength (IPL) point, on the surface of a tissue at which the intensity of re-emitted light remains constant. This scattering-indifferent point depends solely on the medium geometry. On the basis of this natural phenomenon, we suggest a novel optical method for self-calibrated clinical measurements. We found that the IPL point exists in both cylindrical and semi-infinite tissue geometries (Supporting Information, Video file). Finally, in vivo human finger and mice measurements are used to validate the crossing point between the intensity profiles of two wavelengths. Hence, measurements at the IPL point yield an accurate absorption assessment while eliminating the scattering dependence. This finding can be useful for oxygen saturation determination, NIR spectroscopy, photoplethysmography measurements, and a wide range of optical sensing methods for physiological aims.
Bibliographical notePublisher Copyright:
© 2018 American Chemical Society.


Turn screen updating on or off.
 Application.Echo(EchoOn, StatusBarText)
 EchoOn Use True (default) to repaint the screen and False to turn it off.
 Text to display in the status bar when repainting is turned on or off.
Complex Visual Basic code will run faster if you turn off screen repainting until the procedure has finished running. Echo Off can also be used to hide changes that the user should not see.
The Echo method does not suppress the display of modal dialog boxes, such as error messages, or pop-up forms, such as property sheets.
When screen repainting is off, the screen won't show any changes, even if the user presses CTRL+BREAK or Visual Basic encounters a breakpoint. If you try to step through the code, you won't be able to see progress through the code or any other visual cues, however, the code will continue to execute.
For debugging purposes, you can create a macro that turns repainting on and then assign the macro to a key combination.
' Open the Patients form minimized.
Application.Echo False
DoCmd.Hourglass True
DoCmd.OpenForm "frmPatients", acNormal
Application.Echo True
DoCmd.Hourglass False
Hourglass - Display the hourglass icon
SetWarnings - Turn system messages on or off.
© Copyright _PHONE_
Some rights reserved


text: In order to obtain insight into the structure of cobalt phthalocyanine dimers, molecular mechanics calculations were performed on dimeric cobalt phthalocyanine species. Molecular mechanics calculations are first presented on monomeric cobalt(II) phthalocyanine. Using the Tripos force field for the organic part of the molecule and parameters derived from the literature and subsequently optimized to describe the CoII force field resulted in a geometry that is in very good agreement with experimental data from the literature. Optimization of the dimeric structure leads to a geometry in which both phthalocyanines are separated by 3.2 Å and one of the molecules is shifted 2.38 Å in both the X- and Y-directions with respect to the other. This geometry is in excellent agreement with literature data on ß-Co(pc) crystals and with other calculated and experimental data on similar systems. All calculations were performed with three possible charge distributions in the phthalocyanine molecule and it was shown that varying the charge distribution had no significant effect on the final dimeric structure. This method provides valuable insight into the most important energetic interactions leading to dimer formation.


text:
Work Out With Your Dog - How Animal Agility Training Can Burn Calories For You
The University of Massachusetts studied human oxygen consumption during canine agility training. John Ales
Vigorous Exercise for Dog and Human
Researchers at the University of Massachusetts Department of Kinesiology have studied the impact on humans during canine agility training, and their findings were recently highlighted on Zoom Room Dog Agility Training Center's website.
The researchers looked at oxygen consumption (using a face mask and battery-operated, portable metabolic system that measures breath-by-breath gas exchange) as well as heart rate (detected and recorded using a Polar heart rate monitor). The data collected was translated into Metabolic Equivalents, or METs, a way of comparing how much energy a person expends at rest versus during a given activity.


text:
The ability to respond to environmental temperature variation is essential for survival in animals. Flies show robust temperature-preference behaviour (TPB) to find optimal temperatures. Recently, we have shown that Drosophila mushroom body (MB) functions as a center controlling TPB. However, neuromodulators that control the TPB in MB remain unknown. To identify the functions of dopamine in TPB, we have conducted various genetic studies in Drosophila. Inhibition of dopamine biosynthesis by genetic mutations or treatment with chemical inhibitors caused flies to prefer temperatures colder than normal. We also found that dopaminergic neurons are involved in TPB regulation, as the targeted inactivation of dopaminergic neurons by expression of a potassium channel (Kir2.1) induced flies with the loss of cold avoidance. Consistently, the mutant flies for dopamine receptor gene (DopR) also showed a cold temperature preference, which was rescued by MB-specific expression of DopR. Based on these results, we concluded that dopamine in MB is a key component in the homeostatic temperature control of Drosophila. The current findings will provide important bases to understand the logic of thermosensation and temperature preference decision in Drosophila.
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
- Molecular Biology
- Cancer Research


kids encyclopedia robot
Campanula wilkinsiana facts for kids
Kids Encyclopedia Facts
Quick facts for kids
Campanula wilkinsiana
Scientific classification
Campanula wilkinsiana is a rare species of bellflower known by the common name Wilkins' bellflower. It is endemic to California, where it is known fewer than twenty scattered occurrences in the Klamath Mountains and Cascade Range, and possibly the northern peaks of the High Sierra. It grows in temperate coniferous forest and mountain meadows. This is a perennial herb growing from a slender rhizome and producing an erect or leaning stem up to about 30 centimeters long. The plant is known to form dense colonies of many individuals. The thin, toothed leaves are between 1 and 2 centimeters long. The flower is bright blue to deep purple, funnel-shaped, and just over a centimeter long. The stigma is blue and protrudes from the mouth of the bloom.
This species was first collected by Lewanna Wilkins and named in her honor.
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Campanula wilkinsiana Facts for Kids. Kiddle Encyclopedia.


Blind men and an elephant
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Blind men touching parts of an elephant
The Blind men and an elephant is an idiom.
The story of the blind men and an elephant comes from India. It is about a range of truths and mistakes. It is also about the need for communication and the need for respect for different perspectives.
The idiom shows the effects of observation and bias.[1] Idioms are a common stumbling block for learners of a language.
Story[change | change source]
A group of blind men (or men in the dark) touch an elephant to learn what it is like. Each one feels a different part, but only one part. For example, one touches only the side and another touches only the tusk.
The blind men discover that they disagree when each describes what he has learned from touching the elephant.
Poem[change | change source]
A famous version of story is a poem -- "The Blind Men and the Elephant" by John Godfrey Saxe (1816–1887).
And so these men of Hindustan
Disputed loud and long,
Each in his own opinion
Exceeding stiff and strong,
Though each was partly in the right
And all were in the wrong.
The poem begins:
It was six men of Indostan
To learning much inclined,
Who went to see the Elephant
(Though all of them were blind),
That each by observation
Might satisfy his mind[2]
They conclude that the elephant is like a wall, snake, spear, tree, fan or rope, depending upon where they touch. None of blind men's description is correct for the whole elephant.[3]
Related pages[change | change source]
References[change | change source]
 1. Gong, Wenxiang. (1998). Communication and Culture: China and the World Entering the 21st Century, p. 51.
 2. Saxe, John Godfrey. (1872). "The Blind Men and the Elephant," The poems of John Godfrey Saxe, p. 260.
 3. Peng, T.C. and Juliana Yuan. (1995). "Chinese Idioms and Cultural Values," Chinese American Forum, Vols. 11-13, p. 32.
Other websites[change | change source]


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. The story weaves its way through 175 years of history and many notable geographic areas and people of Maryland and Washington, D.C. Its culmination is the 1927 graduation from Harvard of Robert Turner Ford, whose lineage is traced to Yarrow through his wife's family.
Johnston has admirably sought to connect the dots of the family's history while also providing parallels to the larger story of slavery and emancipation in colonial America. His 2012 book stands apart for giving readers the depth and unity of a family story of rising fortunes in its 310 pages with 25 black and white illustrations.
Meet Johnson at the Annapolis Book Festival on April 13 at Key School, Annapolis.


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The Big Geography Christmas Quiz 2020
Back by popular demand! It's that time of year again to add some festivities to your classroom and quiz your students with our Big Geography Christmas Quiz 2020!
This year the rounds will be on the following topics:
Round 1 – UK Places and Landmarks
Round 2 – Natural Hazards
Round 3 – Photo Analysis
Round 4 – Spot the Mistake
Round 5 – Rivers and Coasts
Round 6 – Geography General Knowledge
Round 7 – Natural Resources
Round 8 – Weather and Climate
Round 9 – Ecosystems
We would love to hear how your students did so tweet us at @DTW_Education with your results! Goodluck!
Launch the quiz:
Round 1 - UK Places and Landmarks
Round 6 - Geography General Knowledge


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David W. Grissmer and Andrew J. Mashburn, researchers at the University of Virginia's Curry School of Education, have received a $2.8 million grant to evaluate the effectiveness of the "WINGS for Kids" afterschool social and emotional learning program at four elementary schools in Charleston, S.C.
Ginny Deerin, a marketing executive and political fundraiser, founded the WINGS afterschool program in 1996 to serve children attending low-performing schools in high-risk neighborhoods in North Charleston. The children in these four schools and in the study experience extreme levels of economic and social risks; more than 90 percent receive free or reduced lunch.
The program seeks to teach students how to make good decisions and build healthy relationships. The 15-hour-a-week curriculum weaves 30 learning objectives into everyday activities that develop self-awareness, relationship skills, social awareness, self-management and responsible decision-making.
"Once children enter school, the afterschool hours before parents get home from work are critical periods for kids," Mashburn said. Many afterschool programs have been established to address the need to keep kids safe and constructively engaged during these hours, but rarely do these programs have evidence that what seems effective really is effective.
"Past evaluations provide encouraging evidence that the WINGS program has successfully impacted learning outcomes for kids," Mashburn said.
One study found that students who enrolled in two or more years of WINGS passed state standardized math and reading assessments at significantly higher rates than non-WINGS students. More years in WINGS also correlated with better grades and improved school attendance.
"The purpose of this grant is to provide a more rigorous evaluation of the WINGS afterschool program than has previously been possible, and in doing so we will be working with a large number of children and assessing the program's impacts on a broad range of academic and social outcomes across three years," Mashburn said. "This type of rigorous comprehensive longitudinal evaluation is very important for determining the effectiveness of this program."
Grissmer, a principal research scientist, and Mashburn, a senior scientist, work at the Center for Advanced Study of Teaching and Learning, a research center based at the Curry School that conducts empirical research to improve schooling and the outcomes for children.
Because more students apply for the WINGS program each year than can be accommodated, each school holds a lottery to determine which kindergartners may enroll, Mashburn explained. This circumstance will enable the researchers to be even more confident that any improvements they see can be attributed to the WINGS program.
"We will be able to conduct a randomized control trial comparing the social skills and achievement outcomes of students who were selected to enroll in WINGS with students not able to enroll, and to follow both groups over an extended period of time," he said.
Grissmer and Mashburn will examine students who start kindergarten in fall 2012 and follow them for three years. Students who start kindergarten in fall 2013 and fall 2014 will also participate, and more than 300 children will be tracked over the course of the study.
"The evidence is beginning to point to stronger social and emotional skills as a critically missing part of our national educational policy, which currently focuses almost entirely on academic achievement," Grissmer said. Evidence suggests that children's long-term outcomes are improved not only by gains in cognitive skills, but also gains in social and emotional skills, such as those emphasized in the WINGS program.
The research team, which includes Julia Blodgett, Elizabeth Cottone, Nancy Deutsch, and Sara Rimm-Kaufman from the Curry School, as well as assistant professor Laura Brock from the College of Charleston, who earned her Ph.D. from U.Va., will assess students' behaviors and relationships at home and at school, as well as reading skills, oral vocabulary, listening comprehension and mathematics skills. They will also conduct teacher surveys, parent interviews and classroom observations.
The four-year grant is being funded by the Institute for Education Sciences, part of the U.S. Department of Education.
In 2009, WINGS was named a "high-performing nonprofit" by the Alliance for Effective Social Investing, and has been recognized as representing best practices by the Academy for Educational Development, the National Institute of Out-of-School Time and the National Association of Elementary School Principals.
– by Lynn Bell


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us.
But ocean wallpapers are more than just visually pleasing; they also inspire us to explore and discover. By featuring hidden treasures such as shipwrecks, underwater caves, and mysterious sea creatures, these wallpapers ignite our curiosity and fuel our sense of adventure. They remind us that the ocean is a vast playground waiting to be explored, full of secrets and surprises that are just waiting to be discovered.
The deep blue hue of the ocean is known to have a calming and soothing effect on our minds. It evokes a sense of tranquility and peacefulness that can help us unwind and relax. By adorning our iPhones with ocean wallpapers, we can bask in the beauty of the deep blue and carry a piece of that serenity with us wherever we go. Whether we're stuck in traffic or waiting in line, a quick glance at our ocean wallpaper can transport us to a place of calmness and rejuvenation.
Moreover, ocean wallpapers allow us to indulge in the magic of the ocean. The vibrant colors, the playful dolphins, and the intricate coral reefs create a captivating and whimsical experience that can brighten even the dullest of days. They remind us of the wonders of nature and the joy that comes from exploring the unknown. With an ocean wallpaper on our iPhone, we can tap into our sense of wonder and rekindle our childlike curiosity.
In conclusion, ocean wallpapers for iPhones are a gateway to the majestic depths of the ocean. They bring beauty, tranquility, inspiration, and a touch of magic to our screens. By unveiling the hidden treasures of the ocean, these wallpapers remind us of the wonders that lie beneath the surface and encourage us to explore and discover. So, dive in, explore, and let the breathtaking ocean wallpapers mesmerize you with their splendor.
ocean wallpaper for iphone


A visual mechanism
to put brands into the conversation.
Define your strategy
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text:
This article does not cite any sources. (September 2010) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
|Comune di Biancavilla|
Santa Maria Elemosina Cathedral
|Metropolitan city||Catania (CT)|
|• Mayor||Antonio Bonanno|
|• Total||70.28 km2 (27.14 sq mi)|
|Elevation||513 m (1,683 ft)|
|Population (30 April 2017)|
|• Density||340/km2 (890/sq mi)|
|Time zone||UTC+1 (CET)|
|• Summer (DST)||UTC+2 (CEST)|
|Patron saint||St. Placidus and Maria SS. dell'Elemosina|
|Saint day||4-October 6|
Biancavilla is a town and comune in the Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, southern Italy. It is located between the towns of Adrano and S. Maria di Licodia, 32 kilometres (20 mi) northwest of Catania.
The town was founded on 8 January 1488 by Albanian refugees. Led by Cesare Masi, they arrived in an area called Callicari and received the "Licentia Populandi" privilege from Santapau and Centelles, the presidents of the region of Sicily. Therefore, Albanian people established in that area and founded the town. The area was subsequently called Albavilla until in the year 1599, when the name became Biancavilla.
|This Sicilian location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.|


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What's the best method to use a temperature controller during fermentation? If you're using a freezer (or warming apparatus) connected to the controller, how do you compensate for the fact that the wort's interior temperature can be several degrees higher than the air temperature around the fermentor?
In answering a recent question about temperature control inside a freezer, mdma stated:
Finally, if you want to be really sure what your fermentation temperature is, it's best to add a thermowell and a separate thermometer. Don't be tempted to use the controller thermometer to both measure and control the wort temperature - the wort changes temperature very slowly, and the controller will overshoot massively, causing everything else in the freezer to be frozen.
This was enlightening to me. I just bought a temp controller and until reading this post I had been planning to put the controller probe into the thermowell. If I understand what mdma is saying, because the relatively dense mass of the wort will not change temperature as quickly as the surrounding air, by the time the probe in the thermowell has reached the target temperature, the air surrounding the fermentor will have dropped considerably farther. Then the ambient temp will continue to chill the wort itself, resulting in a lower-than-expected wort temp and wider swings in temp as the controller cycles cooling on and off, thus defeating the goal of maintaining a consistent temperature.
(Side note: I suspect that when fermenting ales at room temperatures, the rest of the freezer is unlikely to get all the way down to freezing temperatures, but it would still be a significant variance.)
So how do you balance between air temp and wort temp? Do you just keep an eye on it and adjust the controller if the difference is significant? How much do you compensate between air temp and wort temp?
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1 Answer
Regardless of whether you are heating or cooling you simply need to equilibrate the wort to the temp of the freezer (in your example). Meaning chilling the wort to the temp you expect to ferment at. I have never had the problems that mdma describes in the quote you provide.
Don't put 80F wort in a carboy into a freezer unit and set it to 65F, that will create the problem mdma describes. Chill to 63-67F first. IF you can't do that with your chilling, method, then put the fermentor in there first without the probe on it. Let it equilibrate, then attach (or insert) the temp probe to the vessel/wort.
If you start with just a degree or two of difference between the ambient temp and the wort temp things will work out fine. I tend to tape the probe to the side of my fermentor. I tape a small hand towel that's been folded over a couple times against the fermentor to make an insulated pocket. Then slide the probe in there against the carboy/bucket directly.
You also can to play with the differential settings on the controller too. That will ensure the device cuts out prior to things getting too far away from your set point. Say you are trying to cool to a set-point of 50F, setting the differential to cut out at 55F will let the carboy "catch up" to the chilled air before the freezer comes on again. If the differential is set to 51F you are likely to overshoot.
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I'm curious about why you tape the probe to the exterior of the fermentor instead of using a thermowell. Wouldn't the reading be more accurate from the middle of the vessel with a thermowell? I've read in several places opinions from people who don't like thermowells, but I haven't yet read a good explanation of why. – Galapagos Jim Feb 7 '12 at 0:13
In theory measuring in the center might be more accurate, but in reality the temperature monitored at the side is the same. If you've ever used a carboy for fermentation and see how much its stirring itself around the temperature is pretty homogenous throughout the vessel. That and I don't want to clean and sanitize another piece of stuff going into the carboy. – brewchez Feb 7 '12 at 1:34
+1 to taping the thermometer's probe to the outside of a fermentation vessel. From Yeast by Chris White and Jamil Zainasheff: "[One] option is just taping the controller probe to the outside of the fermentor. If you do this, you must cover the probe with some sort of insulation.... As long as there is any fermentation activity in the fermentor, the temperature will be the same throughout the beer." p. 103 -- Hope this helps. – Dustin Rasener Feb 7 '12 at 3:08
+1 good to hear you're not getting these problems, brewchez, but how do you chill the wort to the desired temperature to avoid the large fluctuations - isn't that what the temp the controller is for? I find taping on the outside is the best compromise and allows the freezer to still be used for storing other things. I had written a paragraph about taping the probe to the outside in my quoted answer, but it was already getting too long so I pulled it. – mdma Feb 7 '12 at 8:05
I have a temp controller as well, and I don't use it to cool just-boiled wort unless I have to. I have an immersion chiller, and I always try to pitch yeast a degree or two below my target fermentation temperature. The only time I have trouble getting the wort to ~65 is in the summertime, when the cold-water spigot is too warm (lagering is a similar problem). In these cases, I chill the wort as far as I can with the chiller, then put the un-pitched wort in the temp controller to get down to fermentation temp. See: homebrew.stackexchange.com/questions/4629/… – Dustin Rasener Feb 7 '12 at 12:28
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the speed of a 250cc dirt bike is not just a number – it's a spectrum that varies with the setting. Whether it's the controlled environment of a track, the diverse challenges of a trail, or the wild unpredictability of off-road, these bikes offer a tailored riding experience, making them a popular choice for a range of riders.
Enhancing the Speed of Your 250cc Dirt Bike
For those with a need for speed, tweaking a 250cc dirt bike to enhance its performance can be a thrilling endeavor. However, it's crucial to strike a balance between speed and safety to ensure an exhilarating yet secure ride.
Performance-Boosting Modifications: Various modifications can rev up the speed of 250cc bikes. Upgrading the exhaust system can increase power output and improve efficiency. Tweaking the carburetor or installing a fuel injection optimization kit can also enhance performance, leading to quicker acceleration and higher top speeds. Replacing the stock air filter with a high-flow air filter allows the engine to breathe better, further boosting dirt bike engine power. These modifications, when done correctly, can turn your bike into a more potent version of itself, ready to zip through trails and tracks at greater speeds.
The Safety Equation: While chasing higher speeds, the importance of safety cannot be overstated. Every modification must be balanced with appropriate safety upgrades. For instance, if you increase your bike's speed, consider upgrading the braking system to ensure you can stop effectively. Suspension upgrades can also be crucial for maintaining control at higher speeds, especially on uneven terrains. Regular maintenance checks become even more vital when you push the limits of your bike's performance. Remember, the goal is to enjoy the thrill of speed without compromising on safety.
Ultimately, enhancing the speed of a 250cc dirt bike is about more than just mechanical upgrades. It's about understanding and respecting the machine's capabilities, and ensuring that every modification contributes to a safer, more exhilarating ride. By striking this delicate balance, riders can experience the true joy of riding at higher speeds, while remaining confident in their bike's reliability and their own safety.
Safety Considerations at High Speeds
Riding a 250cc dirt bike at high speeds is an adrenaline rush like no other. However, with great speed comes great responsibility, especially regarding safety. Ensuring you have the right gear is paramount to enjoying the thrill of riding without compromising on safety.
Helmet: The cornerstone of safety gear is a good helmet. It's not just a legal requirement in many places but a critical lifesaver. Opt for a full-face helmet that meets safety standards like DOT or SNELL. These helmets offer comprehensive protection for your head and face, crucial at high speeds.
Riding Jacket and Pants: Specialized riding jackets and pants, preferably with built-in armor or padding, protect against abrasions and impacts. They are designed to be both durable and comfortable, ensuring riders are protected without restricting movement.
Gloves: High-quality gloves protect your hands from blisters, cuts, and injuries in case of a fall. Look for gloves that offer a good grip, flexibility, and padding in critical areas.
Boots: Riding boots are essential for protecting your feet and ankles. They provide support, protect against impacts, and help in maintaining a good grip on the bike's controls.
Goggles: Eye protection is vital, especially when riding at high speeds where debris and insects can cause distractions or injuries. Goggles or a helmet with a visor can protect your eyes from the elements and improve visibility.
Remember, while pushing the limits of your 250cc dirt bike's speed, your safety gear is your first line of defense. Investing in high-quality safety gear not only protects you but also enhances your riding experience, allowing you to enjoy the speed with peace of mind.
Safety Considerations at High Speeds
Pushing a 250cc dirt bike to its speed limits is an exhilarating experience, but it's essential to pair this thrill with stringent safety measures. Equipping yourself with the right gear and knowing how to maintain control at high speeds are key to a safe and enjoyable ride.
Essential Safety Gear: The right gear is your best ally against potential risks. A quality, full-face helmet is non-negotiable for head protection. Look for jackets and pants with reinforced padding or armor, gloves that offer good grip and wrist support, and boots that protect your lower legs and feet. Don't forget eye protection – goggles or a visor are essential to shield your eyes from dust and debris.
Control and Stability Tips: At higher speeds, maintaining control of your bike becomes even more critical. Here are some tips:
 - Proper Body Positioning: Keep your body relaxed but alert. Position yourself to distribute weight evenly, which helps in maintaining balance. A forward-leaning posture can aid in aerodynamics and control.
 - Smooth Handling: Sudden movements can be dangerous. Ensure your steering, accelerating, and braking are smooth and gradual to maintain stability.
 - Anticipating Terrain Changes: Stay vigilant and anticipate changes in the terrain. Adjust your speed and positioning accordingly to navigate safely.
 - Braking Technique: Master the art of braking. Use both front and rear brakes in a controlled manner, especially on slippery or uneven surfaces.
 - Regular Bike Checks: Ensure your bike is in top condition. Regular checks of the brakes, tires, and suspension can significantly impact handling and stability at high speeds.
Combining these safety practices with your passion for speed will ensure that your high-speed adventures on a 250cc dirt bike are not only thrilling but also secure. Remember, the key to enjoying the speed is respecting the power of the bike and prioritizing safety at all times.
The Future of 250cc Dirt Bikes
The world of 250cc dirt bikes is not just about the thrill of the present; it's also about the exciting prospects of the future. Technological advancements and evolving design trends are constantly reshaping what these nimble machines can do, especially in terms of speed and efficiency.
Technological Advancements: The future of 250cc dirt bikes is being sculpted by cutting-edge technology. Innovations in engine design are pushing the boundaries of power and efficiency, making these bikes faster yet more environmentally friendly. Electronic fuel injection systems are replacing carburetors, offering better fuel economy and smoother power delivery, which can translate to increased speed and performance. Advanced materials are making bikes lighter and more agile, enhancing their speed capabilities without compromising on strength.
Trends in Design and Efficiency: Design trends are also playing a pivotal role. Aerodynamics is becoming a more significant factor, with sleeker designs that reduce drag and allow for higher top speeds. The focus is not just on speed, but also on sustainability. Manufacturers are experimenting with electric engines, which offer the potential for instant torque and impressive acceleration, marking a new era in the speed range of dirt bikes. Moreover, there's a growing emphasis on rider ergonomics, ensuring that increased speed doesn't come at the cost of comfort or control.
The future of 250cc dirt bikes is a blend of speed, efficiency, and sustainability. As technology evolves, so does the potential for these bikes to become faster, more powerful, and more environmentally conscious. This evolution promises to make the world of dirt biking even more thrilling and accessible for riders everywhere.
Conclusion
Our journey through the exhilarating world of 250cc dirt bikes brings us to a close, but the adventure on the tracks and trails is just beginning. We've explored the intricate dance of speed, power, and control that defines these remarkable machines. From the technical nuances of 250cc engines to the thrilling rush of hitting top speeds, each element contributes to the unique experience of riding a 250cc dirt bike.
In summary, the speed of 250cc dirt bikes varies, influenced by factors like terrain, rider skill, bike maintenance, and weather conditions. These bikes offer a versatile speed range, adaptable to different settings, be it on smooth tracks, challenging trails, or unpredictable off-road adventures. We've delved into how modifications can enhance speed, and more importantly, how vital it is to balance this with safety considerations. And as we look to the future, the evolving technology and trends in dirt bike design promise even greater performance and efficiency.
Ultimately, the essence of riding a 250cc dirt bike lies in the harmony of speed, safety, and enjoyment. It's about respecting the machine's capabilities while pushing your limits. It's about the thrill of acceleration balanced with the prudence of protective gear. And above all, it's about the pure joy of riding, feeling the wind rush past, and experiencing the freedom that only comes on two wheels. So, gear up, ride safe, and revel in the exhilarating world of 250cc dirt biking.
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What happened in the 19th century?
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What happened in the 19th century? by Mind Map: What happened in the 19th century?
1. Joseph Gayetty invented toilet paper in 1857.
1.1. Gayetty was born in Massachusetts USA, and worked in New York
2. Another inventions
2.1. The telephone, which allowed people to communicate over long distances
2.2.. The modern light bulb
2.3. Photography
2.4. Braille printing.
3. Alfred Nobel
3.1. He invented dynamite in 1867.
3.2. He studied in Russia, excelling in the study of chemistry.
3.3. He experimented with different elements, eventually inventing not only dynamite but other explosives, was well
4. Why do humans use money?
4.1. After that, around 400 BC, the Greeks began to use salt as currency.
4.2. Between 700 and 500 BC, India and China began to use coins.
5. Capitalism
5.1. Use your money, or capital, to create even more money. The better you are at making your money grow, the more money you have. You can even become very wealthy. It depends on how you invest your money.
5.2. Capitalism as we know it really started during the Industrial Revolution around 1760 in England, and got much worse after the Second Industrial Revolution in 1870.
6. Nobel Prize
6.1. Nobel Prize began in 1901 and is given every year to leaders in various fields of science and literature.


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I have extracted URL links from a number of webpages and many of the webpages contain the same set of links (or subsets) as other webpages. I have ~1000 webpages and ~10 links per webpage.
What is an efficient way to find the minimum set of webpages that will still cover the complete set of links?
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closed as off topic by Scott Morrison Nov 12 '09 at 2:40
closed as off topic - how come? The application is non-math but the principles certainly are. – hoju Nov 12 '09 at 3:08
Sorry, as asked it looks like a scientific visualisation or graphics design problem. If there's something mathematical you'd like to ask about, edit and I'll reopen. – Scott Morrison Nov 12 '09 at 5:02
fair enough. Have rephrased it now - is that sufficiently'mathy'? – hoju Nov 13 '09 at 0:03
the question is closed, so I can't answer, but this sounds like classic set cover. the atoms are the links, and the webpages are the sets. – Suresh Venkat Jul 7 '10 at 9:03
2 Answers 2
Let me try a preliminary answer to see if I've understood what you're after.
You have, let's say, 1000 web pages, each containing some outbound links. You might define a 1000x1000 matrix D by $$ D_{ij} = \mbox{number of links in common between the }i\mbox{th and }j\mbox{th pages}. $$ Then you want to extract from $D$ a single number, the 'level of overlap', which broadly speaking will be large if most entries of $D$ are large, and small if most entries of $D$ are small.
I can think of some ways of doing that, but before I go into it, let me check: is that the kind of thing you want?
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Yes that is what I am after. But I am not sure how to present it. As Martin said a Venn diagram is out of the question! – hoju Nov 12 '09 at 3:12
One approach is to represent your data as a graph, and use a network diagram tool to draw it. Variant 1: nodes are websites, weighted edges represent number of common links. Variant 2: a bipartite graph with nodes being either web sites or links, and unweighted edges indicating "web site A contains link B." The magic google phrase to find examples related to your example is "citation visualization".
The problem with this technique is that big graphs sometimes turn into hairballs in a graph layout tool, so you may need to prune or filter your data set for it to be intelligible.
There are other techniques: you could draw a grid where rows correspond to web pages, and columns to links they contain, and fill in cells (X,Y) where link X appears in web site Y. If you reorder the rows and columns to put related pages near each other and related links near each other this can be an effective analytic tool, but it might not be right for non-technical readers.
A lot of this depends on the details of your data. If you have any kind of metadata (a categorization of web pages or links) that could suggest other approaches--feel free to add details in your question. About the only thing you can say for sure is a big Venn diagram is going to be a mess!
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