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- Open Access
Routine pre-employment echocardiography assessment in young adults: cost and benefits
The Egyptian Heart Journal volume 73, Article number: 3 (2021)
Conventional echocardiography is a safe, available, and accurate tool for cardiac structural and functional evaluation, but it should not cancel clinical assessment and history tacking, and indeed both are complementary. A pre-employment assessment is important for employees and community safety and suitability for a specific work requirement.
Aiming to assess the value of routine pre-employment echocardiography for the detection of cardiac abnormalities, we examined seven hundred ninety-five persons who were routinely referred to us for pre-employment conventional echocardiography. Only 9 persons had structural cardiac abnormalities (1.3%) and distributed as follows: two had bicuspid aortic valve with isolated aortic regurgitation, one of them had mild AR, and the other had moderate AR. Two cases had mitral valve prolapse, one of them had trivial MR, while the other had a flail anterior leaflet with severe MR. One patient had atrial septal defect 1.5 cm with mild pulmonary hypertension and right-sided chambers dilatation. One patient had dextrocardia (situs inversus totalis) without other cardiac problems. One had moderate pulmonary hypertension and modest right-sided chambers dilation. Two patients had left ventricular hypertrophy. Surprisingly, we did not detect rheumatic valvular heart disease. The money cost of echocardiography tests for those 795 persons was 198,750 Egyptian pounds (LE); their transportation cost was about 19.800LE. The total group time cost of the tests was 265 h, total time lost at the waiting room was 1590 h, total transportation time lose was 2385 h, so the total time cost was about 4000 h. Using psychological stress questionnaire, 33 participants (4.2%) had results suggestive of a low sense of psychological pressure due to echocardiography examination, 221 participants (27.8%) had results suggestive of a moderate feeling of stress, while 541 participants (68%) had results suggestive of a high sense of stress.
We recommend against routine echocardiography for cardiac assessment in pre-employment assessment and to do it only for persons with abnormal clinical or ECG findings.
Assessment of fitness for work definition is the assessment of a worker's capacity to work without risk to their own or others' health and safety. The medical examination offers several purposes for the benefit of the employer and the employee. It is done to ensure that the prospective employee has no "serious medical condition" and he is "physically and mentally" suitable for the job offered. But in some jobs, the demands of the work requirements that the prospective employee should meet the minimum required medical standards to qualify for the appointment .
Despite the argument about the practical benefits of screening tests, there is a true desire to screen populations under cardiovascular risk; the screening aims to detect underlying diseases or abnormalities and subsequently reduce morbidity and mortality, but unfortunately, there is no agreement about the most proper and reliable test which can effectively detect the disease or abnormalities .
The leading cause of sudden cardiac death is well known which is a cardiovascular disease as silent ischemic heart disease, lethal arrhythmias, and myocardial diseases as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, so early detection, diagnosis, and proper management of silent cardiovascular diseases are of great importance .
The AHA guidelines recommended a fourteen elements comprehensive medical questionnaire of the personal and family history and physical examination as a guide for examiners to use it when they perform the pre-participation examinations for adolescent athletes (Table 1) .
Also, the US military recommended mandatory screening for cardiovascular disease military recruits using screening questionnaires and physical examination, but ECG is only performed in selective cases guided by history, symptoms, or physical data, and as a routine for aviation duty and in soldiers > 40 years old .
Nistri et al. used data from 34,910 persons ≥ 18 years old at the military screening program from 1992 to 1996 based on history-taking, physical examination, and routine ECG, and they found 8% had abnormalities and were referred for echocardiographic examination; echocardiography revealed that 0.7% of them had a new HCM diagnosis .
Unfortunately, personal history, family history, and physical examination have low sensitivity to detect many diseases and abnormalities that can cause sudden cardiac death .
A retrospective study of suddenly died competitive athletes revealed only < 5% of them had a confirmed cardiovascular diagnosis after screening with standard history and physical examination .
For example, by ECG only you can detect ion channelopathies and Wolff Parkinson-White syndrome. Many structural cardiac diseases which may lead to SCD, symptoms, family history of heart disease, and clinical signs are infrequent findings. For example in HCM, a systolic murmur is audible at rest in 25% of patients and with dynamic auscultation, it is audible in an additional 50% .
The British Army screening system although they described transthoracic echocardiography as relatively cheap, fast, and accessible in cardiac screening for potential recruits, they considered the need for professionals specialized in echocardiography increases the cost of the screening system and reduces the number of patients that can be investigated. Their final recommendation was to perform routine echocardiography only when the cost is a less important factor and the numbers of participants are low, as screening professional football players . So, the International Federation of Association Football (FIFA), the International Cycling Union (UCI), and the U.S. National Basketball Association (NBA) perform routine echocardiography in the primary screening tests in asymptomatic athletes .
The pre-employment screening test is just one factor of many factors used to judge the suitability of someone for the job. We cannot ignore the psychological stress induced by the pre-employment test. "Fear of failure to individuals who tie their self-worth to the outcome of pre-employment assessment" is particularly true for prospective employees, as the evaluative and competitive nature of the process of job application often causes feelings of anxiety, frustration, and distress .
Aim of the study
We aimed to assess the usefulness and cost of using echocardiography as routine practice in pre-employment assessment.
This a prospective survey study included 795 young persons (772 males, 23 females), with an age range between 20 and 31 years referred for routine echocardiography assessment as a screening test before employment in a variety of manual work jobs on railway lines and maintenance workshops of Egypt Railways, at the period between 1/2020 and 4/2020.
Also, a full cardiac examination was done for all subjects with special concerns for BP, cardiac murmurs, and dynamic auscultation to avoid missing LVOT obstruction, also a routine assessment of peripheral and femoral pulsations to detect aortic coarctation.
Routine 12-lead ECG was obtained to assess electrical abnormalities, myocardial ischemia, or chambers abnormalities. We did ECG at speed 25 mm/s with normal standardization (10 mm/1 mV) using automated mode.
Using the recommendations of last published American Society of Echocardiography , conventional transthoracic two-dimensional echocardiography using Philips HD11 (Philips Medical Systems; Eindhoven, Netherland) machine was done routinely; we used basic echocardiographic views (left parasternal long and short axis, apical 4, apical 2, and apical 3 chambers views, subcostal and suprasternal views) while the subjects at a left lateral position and ECG gated to assess chambers sizes, myocardial mass, and LV wall thickness, ventricular systolic function (by M-Mode, and area length method when needed) and diastolic function (using pulsed-wave Doppler and pulsed wave tissue Doppler to calculate E/A, E'/A' and E/E'), valvular morphologies and functions, great vessels diameters, pericardium, and finally to exclude congenital abnormalities.
The echocardiography test cost and transportation cost of each person were obtained to be used for the calculation of total cost.
The time of echocardiography exam, transportation time, and waiting time for each subject was recorded.
As regards our knowledge, we did not find a questionnaire focusing on psychological stress induced by pe-employment medical assessment, so we developed the Pre-employment psychological Stress Scale (PSS) to assess and escalating the psychological stress induced by pre-employment medical assessment (Table 2).
The questionnaire was used to assess the person's psychological stress due to referral for echocardiography assessment. It contains (15) items, and suggested three alternatives for the answer (agree, rather agree, disagree), Key correction (3, 2, 1).
* The total score of the questionnaire ranges between 15 and 45°, where it indicates:
The range of degrees (15–25) suggested a low level of psychological stress.
The range of degrees (26–36) suggested a medium level of psychological stress.
The range of degrees (37–45) suggested a high level of psychological stress.
An exploratory study was conducted on an experimental sample representing the original study sample for the following aims:
Determining the psychometric properties of the scale used in the study, so the authors can carry out the basic study through a scale of enough validity and stability.
The exploratory sample represents the individuals of the basic sample in all its specifications (gender and age distributions) to standardize study scale on them through validity and stability inappropriate ways. The exploratory sample consisted of (80) individuals, males and females (78 males 79


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Merger & Aquisitions Process PowerPoint Presentation
Funky Color M & A Process Slide For Presentation
It is tough to understand corporate moves. Suddenly, corporate companies announce they will combine with another company, or they tie up a sudden partnership with another company over 51% of its shares or take over the company's assets. These two processes are popularly known as mergers and acquisitions. We SlideEgg innovatively designed this slide to share this process. The merger and acquisition are shown clearly through our slide, and it has ten nodes with captions. The captions make our work easy to add details further. The ten rectangular round-headed shapes are shaded with funky colors, and small hexagons are placed above the ten rectangles with numbers. We can add sentences below the captions to know the target, category, criteria, and planning to acquire a company. This process helps us create a complete structure before mergers and acquisitions. Download now to present how to achieve it perfectly and more interestingly.
Features of the template
- 100% customizable slides and easy to download.
- Slides are available in different nodes & colors.
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- Easy to change the colors of the slide quickly.
- Well-crafted template with instant download facility.
- Includes colorful rectangles and hexagons shapes.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
Age of majority
From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia
The age of majority is the threshold of adulthood as it is conceptualized in law. It is the chronological moment when children legally assume majority control over their persons and their actions and decisions, thereby terminating the legal control and legal responsibilities of their parents over and for them.
In practical terms, there are certain specific actions which a person who attains the age of majority is permitted to take, which they could not do before. These may include entering into a binding contract, voting, buying and/or consuming alcoholic beverages, driving motor vehicles on public roads, and marrying without obtaining consent of others. The ages at which these various rights or powers may be exercised vary as between the various rights and as between different jurisdictions. For example, the ages at which a person may obtain a license to drive a car or consume alcoholic beverages vary considerably between and also within jurisdictions.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Gets a value that indicates whether this element has been initialized, either during processing by a XAML processor, or by explicitly having its EndInit method called.
Assembly: PresentationFramework (in PresentationFramework.dll)
This property may also be true if this element has been moved within the logical tree such that it has a new parent element, and therefore becomes reloaded again.
This property is useful if you also are using BeginInit and EndInit. Elements in the logical tree that is loaded by a XAML processor are assured to be initialized. Elements not in the logical tree are initialized when EndInit is called. In absence of any specific handling of BeginInit and EndInit, this will happen as soon as the constructor returns the initialized result.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Your vote on this answer has already been received
Technically speaking, every country has a capital. The most likely country that could be referred to as having no capital is Vatican City (in the centre of Rome, Italy) because the whole country (0.44 sqkm) is it's own city. Nauru also has no capital because it lacks any sizable population. However, most its leadership governs from the Yaren District.
Some other countries that have the same capital name as the country are:
San Marino (Europe)
Panama (Central America)


text:
Fire Coming Out of Atlantis Mission Flying Through the Sky
Atlantis Mission Flying Towards Outer Space
Atlantis Space Shuttle Flying Through Sky
Mission Discovery Flying Through the Night Sky
Space Shuttle Flying Through the Sky
Space Shuttle Flying Through the Sky at Night Time
Flames Shooting Out the Bottom of Space Shuttle
Space Shuttle Waiting For Lift Off
Fire Coming Out the Bottom of Space Shuttle at Night
Sparks and Flames Coming Out of Space Shuttle Engine
Fire Shooting Out Engine of Discovery
View Out Shuttle Window Before Take Off
Zoom Out on Space Shuttle Lift Off
Atlantis Engines Lifting Off
Atlantis Mission Heading Toward Space
Fire Lantern Starting to Fly to the Sky
UNITED STATES: 1970s: Side profile of plane in sunlight. Military plane flies over San Francisco bridge. Formation flight in sky. Engineer wars on plane engine. Pilots in helmets and masks. USAF training centre. Men put out fire.
Fireworks Sparks Shooting and Flying All Over the Sky Making the Patterns With Fire Colored Sparks Are Disappearing in the Sky Romantic Evening
Night Sky With Thousands Fire Paper Lanterns Flying
Fireworks Show With Fire Sparks Shooting and Flying All Over the Sky Red Orange Yellow Sparks Are Disappearing in the Sky Throwing Money Away
Light Effects and Flashes of Light Fireworks Show With Fire Pyrotechnics Devices Celebration in Grand Scale Sparks Shooting and Flying All Over the Sky
Blinding Light of Firework Show With Fire Sparks Are Shooting and Flying in the Sky Like Led Threads Event in a Big Way Grand Scale Throwing Money Away
Aerial-Flying over fire-killed forest in the Utah mountains with a 2-lane road and a meandering stream with blue sky and clouds.
Two Army Helicopters Flying on a Mission with Blue Skies, 4K
Military helicopter help sky mission army rescue flight fly approach rotor help
Camp fire, small flames flying to the sky
Fire sparkles from big fire flying and dissapear in night sky
Soot flying erratically on blue sky, caused by a fire that burns down 01
Green Symmetrical Fireworks Sparks Are Flying up Fast and Disappearing in the Dark Sky Bright Colors Are Reflected in the Water Show With Fire
Tilt shot of mother with her children in the woods flying a fire lantern, which going high in the blue sky
Blurred lantern lamps fire fly float high in dark night sky. 4K
Tilt shot of a mother and her two sons flying smiling fire lantern in the woods. At the end focus on the lantern floating in clear blue sky
Young couple launching a red Chinese sky fly fire lantern to make a wiss on the beach. HD slow motion. Phuket, Thailand.
Fireworks Sparks Flying up High in the Night Sky Show With Fire Expensive Pyrotechnics Devices Fireworks is Sparkling Like a Diamonds Slow Motion
Bright Sparks Are Flying up High in the Night Sky Fireworks is Sparkling Like a Diamonds Show With Fire Expensive Pyrotechnics Devices Slow Motion
Seamless animation of abstract fire flame burning. Fire and ash flying the sky from hot burning flame. Sparking firefly pattern in black background in 4k fire concept.
Seamless Abstract glowing fire ash sparking and flying in the sky moving from left to right with black background in bonfire, blacksmith flare, hot furnace, and thermodynamics in 4k ultra HD loop
Seamless Abstract glowing fire ash sparking and flying up in the sky with black background in bonfire, blacksmith flare, hot furnace, and thermodynamics concept in 4k ultra HD loop
Europe 1940s: animated planes fly over map of Britain. Animated planes fire on Britain. German planes in sky. Title fly 'Phase II'. Animated dive bombers fire on south coast of England. Parachute regiment falls from plane.
F-15 Cockpit and HUD Illustration on a Blue Screen Background


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Native American Indian language Native Indian cultures What's new on our site today!
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Language: Opón-Carare was a Cariban language once spoken in Colombia. It may have been most closely related to the Yukpa language. The Opón and Carare people lived in two distinct tribes (which were often at war with each other), and it is not clear whether they spoke dialects of a single language or two separate but related languages. Neither variety has been spoken since the mid-1900's, and few records of them remain.
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but an economic right in case the member does not agree. This right can be waived with the unanimous consent.
Asymmetrical or subjective division (Article 2506 2nd paragraph): Asymmetric division is understood to mean that it is permitted with unanimous consent that some shareholders are not allocated shares or shares of the beneficiary company but only of the demerger. There is talk of a partial division in the norm because it talks about shares or shares of the spun that are assigned. With this type of demerger to the demerged company rather than assigning shares of the beneficiary company, the participation of the demerger is increased. The unanimous consent of all the members is required because for the various partners their position is being deconstructed not only their position to vary but the participation in some companies is being deprived.
ESSENTIAL element for the non-proportional and asymmetric division is economic neutrality, ie it does not matter if the participation is proportional in each company or if the participation is more in one or the other but what matters is that it is proportional to the starting point, there is a different distribution of the company, if it is not economically neutral, there is talk of non-economic proportionality that is not admitted.
Negative division: consists of assigning negative assets. That is, it is possible in the event of a demerger by incorporation while it cannot be adopted in the event of a proper demerger, i.e. with the establishment of a new beneficiary company in which case it may be treated as a loss or is offset against the beneficiary's reserves and re-evaluate when it falls below 1/3 of the capital.


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E. Cobham Brewer _PHONE_. Dictionary of Phrase and Fable. 1898.
An arrow. The feathers under the beak of a hawk were called barb feathers (beard feathers). The point of an arrow has two iron feathers, which stick out so as to hinder the extraction of the arrow. (Latin, barba, a beard.)
N.B.The barb is not the feather on the upper part of the shaft, but the hooked iron point or head.


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Setun (Russian: Се́тунь) was a balanced ternary computer developed in 1958 at Moscow State University. The device was built under the lead of Sergei Sobolev and Nikolay Brusentsov. It was the only modern ternary computer, using three-valued ternary logic instead of two-valued binary logic prevalent in computers before and after Setun's conception. The computer was built to fulfill the needs of the Moscow State University and was manufactured at the Kazan Mathematical plant. Fifty computers were built and production was then halted in 1965. In the period between 1965 and 1970, a regular binary computer was then used at Moscow State University to replace it. Although this replacement binary computer performed equally well, it was 2.5 times the cost of the Setun. In 1970, a new ternary computer, the Setun-70, was designed. The computer was named after the Setun River, which ends near Moscow University.
DSSP (Dialog System for Structured Programming) is a programming language designed for Setun. It was created by students in the laboratory of Nikolay Brusentsov at the Computer Science department of the Moscow State University in 1980. The 32-bit version was created in 1989.
DSSP is similar to the Forth programming language; both are examples of stack-based languages. It may be seen as an early fork from Forth, yet with roots extending to the ternary logic computers like Setun.
Relying on the principle of "one word of text - one word of machine code", DSSP stays very close to the actual machine in structure. It uses Reverse Polish Notation, which is a stack-oriented form of calculating.
The first document in English regarding this obscure language distinguishes DSSP from Forth in the following manner: "DSSP was not invented. It was found. That is why DSSP has not versions, but only extensions. Forth is created by practice. DSSP is created by theory. It is not a word."
See also
- Klimenko, Stanislav V.: Computer science in Russia: A personal view. IEEE Annals of the history of computing, v 21, n 3, 1999
- Malinovski, B. N.: Istorija vychislitel'noj tekhniki v licakh. Kiev, 1995, (in Russian)
- Žogolev, Y. A.: The order code and an interpretative system for the Setun computer. USSR Comp. Math. And Math. Physics (3), 1962, Oxford, Pergamon Press, p 563-578 (in English)
- G. Trogemann, A. Y. Nitussov, W. Ernst (Hg.), Computing in Russia: The History of Computer Devices and Information Technology revealed. Vieweg Verlag, July 2001 (in English)
- Hunger, Francis: SETUN. An Inquiry into the Soviet Ternary Computer. Institut für Buchkunst Leipzig, 2008, ISBN 3-932865-48-0 (Englisch, German)
- Development of ternary computers at Moscow State University
- Nikolai Brusentsov's Setun entry
- Pioneers of Soviet Computing
- Serija EBM Setun (in Russian)
- Сайт материалов по троичной информатике(in Russian)
- Online simulation of Setun ternary computer
|This computer hardware article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.|


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Posted on February 12, 2024
The National Inland Waterways Authority (NIWA), over the weekend, hinted that arrangements have been perfected to dredge River Niger, just as the removal of wrecks and other hindrances across the waterways in the country will commence soon.
On the Lagos inland waterways alone, no fewer than five wrecks are planned to be removed during the exercise. Besides, NIWA will also be licensing no fewer than 2,200 boats and training 1,500 Skippers before the end of 2024.
Speaking with journalists in Lagos, the Managing Director/Chief Executive Officer of NIWA, Munirudeen Bola Oyebamiji explained that Lagos, being the hub of inland waterways activities in Nigeria, has already seen the deployment of five patrol boats to monitor activities on the state waterways.
According to Oyebamiji, "One of the targets I gave the area managers when I resumed was increasing the number of navigable waterways that we currently have in this country. "Nigeria has about 10,000km of waterways in this country, but anytime you search via Google, you will always find out that only 3,000km are navigable.
I have targeted the Area Managers to increase navigable waterways in Nigeria from 3,000km to 5,000km. This means that as part of the deliverables that I gave the Area Managers, NIWA has to dredge an additional 2,000km of waterways to meet the target of 5,000km of navigable inland waterways. We plan to carry out a major dredging operation across the River Niger.
"Also, another target I gave the Area Managers is tied to the number of jetties that NIWA has. I asked them to give me the number of jetties that they want to add to what they already have. In the next four years, we need to know the number of jetties that we will want to build so that by 2027, we would have said that this number of jetties were built during this period.
"On the issue of wrecks, I gave each Area number of wrecks to remove. Lagos, being our busiest area, got a target of five wrecks to be removed yearly. The wreck removals will also cover other areas across the country. Again, on boat operations, I expect 2,200 boats to be licensed on a yearly basis in Lagos.
Also, I have charged the Lagos Area Managers to train and license 1,500 Skippers on a yearly basis. "So all these formed part of the targets that I gave to each Area Managers during our meetings for them to measure their performance in office on a yearly basis. This will let everybody have a sense of direction and know what they are expected to do, "NIWA boss hinted.
Commenting on the maintenance of physical presence on the Lagos waterways, Mr Oyebamiji revealed that five patrol boats had already been deployed across Lagos. "With the Supreme Court judgement, we cannot afford to have any lapses any longer. Going forward, we have deployed five patrol boats across the waterways in Lagos, being our busiest axis. We are scaling up plans on safety of life and security on our waterways.
Protecting activities on our waterways, going forward, is a priority. "One patrol boat has been taken to Badagry to cover that axis. Another has been taken to Badore; another one has been deployed at Ikorodu; another deployed at Ijegun while the last one is at Marina here.
The deployment of these patrol boats was strategic. Take for instance the choice of Ijegun. You know Badagry is far, so if anything happens along the waterways leading to Badagry before the patrol boat stationed in Badagry arrives, the one in Ijegun would have got there. "The patrol boats have been deployed along these axes to monitor waterways issues like overspeeding, overloading, and others.
The deployment of these patrol boats is just a way of increasing our presence on the waterways. "We have also installed a Gauge inside the water here in Marina. The Gauge gives us information about the wave movement. It monitors wave movement and gives us information on what to expect every day.
The Gauge has a range of monitoring from Marina to Badagry and Ikorodu. "We are also looking at deploying some boats in the Northern part of the country because accidents happen in this area due to the rickety boats that are used. We also want to have Water Marshals across the country. This is already in place in Lagos, but we want to replicate that nationwide,"Oyebamiji remarked.


What is Minimum Production Speed, and why is it necessary?
Minimum Production Speed is the minimum speed at which the machine is considered to be running in production operation; for most machines it should be set to 1 unit rate of production. This parameter is defined to provide some customers with a method to represent actual machine status for specific machines in a way that […]
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Benefits of baling with Orkel
What are the benefits of baling?
This question is perhaps one of the more complex questions that our sales staff receive when speaking with new customers. Customers usually expect a short answer when, in fact, it is impossible to briefly summarize all of the benefits!
Furthermore, each type of bulk material, be it agriculture, industry, or waste, offer unique baling benefits based on the material's characteristics.
For the sake of good order, this article will focus on the benefits of baling forage with an Orkel compactor:
- Better forage quality
High degree of compaction eliminates oxygen and leads to higher forage quality.
- Better wrapping
The film-on-film thoroughly protects your forage's quality and drastically limits the potential food loss.
- Better storage
High-density Orkel bales can be stored for a longer period of time and at less optimal storage locations than other storage methods.
- Better handling
High-density bales = Reduced volume. This simplifies the logistics and allows for cost-efficient transport.
Oxygen is the main reason of feed spoilage. Cattle feed is normally conserved in bunker-, tower- or pit silos. When it is time to initiate feeding by opening the compartment, all forage is exposed to oxygen, initiating a degrading of nutrients and spoilage of the forage.
This results in less nutrient-rich forage for your cattle, while increasing the amount of food loss.
Remove the oxygen
When baling, you assure that all the nutrients are preserved by excluding the oxygen from your forage. After opening a bale, the remaining bales stay wrapped and protected against oxygen.
up to 7 litres more milk per cow daily
Studies show that forage conserved in high-density round bales made using an Orkel compactor preserve the nutrients better and will undoubtedly increase the production and quality of milk and meat.
CRV Holland found that dairy cattle being fed maize silage from round bales produced in average 7 liters more milk per cow daily compared to cattle eating the same forage mix previously stored in a bunker silo. They also found that the bale-fed cattle's milk quality was better and their cell count 80% lower.
Up to 20 kg more meat per cow
Another study by Gembloux Agro Bio Tech, comparing the slaughter weight of bale-fed cattle and cattle fed the same forage mix from bunker silos, indicated that the weight (48 hours after slaughter) was in average 23 kg higher for the cattle fed with bales.
When the bale is completely compressed inside the chamber, the Orkel compactor will wrap it with widefilm. This assures that the bale keeps its shape as it exits the chamber for further wrapping. The widefilm also adds an extra layer of oxygen protection.
The wrapping film helps keep the shape of the bale, but most importantly: It keeps oxygen and water out of the forage no matter the storage location.
Film-on-film, compared to net-on-film, consists of only one material, simplifying the recycle process. Consequently, the used film from your Orkel-wrapped bale is designed to partake in a circular economy process nicknamed "Closed Loops"!
Together, the widefilm and wrapping film prevent oxygen and water from entering your forage, allowing the forage to be stored anywhere for a longer period of time.
Bales produced with the Orkel compactor have a high density, making them more firm and stable than most bales. As a result, the high-density Orkel bales can be stacked up to 6 bales in height in order to save floor space.
Additionally, the baling process will compact your forage and reduce the volume. Orkel compactors provides the highest density, meaning that you will free up more storage space!
Round bales are easy to transport. The wrapping makes sure that the material is protected, in addition to preventing losses during transport. Because the volume is reduced, your forage takes up less space after baling resulting in more cost-efficient shipment.
As you can fit more forage per shipment due to transporting it as high-density bales, your forage will require less transportation space, which results in fewer emissions!
Easy market access
Bales are easy to separate from each other and move around. Transport them in containers, on trailers and trucks or by ships. With Orkel Precision, you can access complete bale history and content details using your smartphone, which represents a huge benefit if you are buying or selling forage.
We would love to tell you more
Don't hesitate to contact us for more information about baling and our compactors.
We are looking forward to hearing from you!


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Consider the following data concerning the solubility of two gaseous compounds, ammonia and hydrogen chloride, at various temperatures.
Molar Solubility of Gaseous Ammonia and Hydrogen Chloride as a Function of Temperature
|0||52.9 M||22.5 M|
|20||14.8 M||12.3 M|
|60||3.5 M||15.3 M|
The molar solubility of ammonia gas is significantly greater than that of hydrogen chloride at 0ºC, but its solubility drops off dramatically with increasing temperature.
By comparison, raising the temperature causes the molar solubility of hydrogen chloride to decrease at first, but as the temperature gets even higher, the molar solubility of $HCl$ begins to increase.
Which of the following is the BEST explanation for the fact that hydrogen chloride's molar solubility remains high, and even increases between 20ºC and 60ºC, while the molar solubility of ammonia drops steadily?


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Model WAC is a wafer style wet alarm check valve with a unique integrated anti-false alarm unit (Model AFA) designed for detection of small changes in water flow commonly found in low pressure watermist systems. The Anit False Alarm Unit ensures that pressure burst will not cause false alarms. The Model WAC and AFA valves use 12-24VDC and send a relay (NO or NC) signal in case of water flow. The valves have a flow test arrangement built into the valves and are very compact compared to more conventional soulutions.
Model WAC valves have successfully been endurance tested with 1000 operations cycles and have furthermore been tested to corrosion tests and other such component tests described in CEN/TS 14972. The valves are FM Approved for use in automatic watermist systems.
Model WAC valves can be used in wet pipe, automatic fire protection systems. As the valves are designed to detect water flows around 25-30 l/min, they are perfectly suited for low pressure watermist systems. Wet Alarm Check valves are often part of a wet pipe systems where water flow created form nozzle release needs to be detected.
Sizes: DN40 – DN50 (1½" – 2″)
Material: Bronze and brass
Operating pressure: 0.5 bar – 16 bar
Operating temperature: 5 °C – 55 °C
Weight: 6.5 kg


text:
The way of connection : journeys with the map of loss
Date of Award
Doctor of Psychology
Faculty of Computing, Health and Science
Profesor Alison Garton
This research is a journey our destination is an increased understanding of The Map of Loss (Snyder. 1999) and the potential it offers for connection and growth. The Map of Loss is a simple. easy to remember picture that explains complex psychological processes everyone goes through during life. Creating metaphors using pictures. creative activities and everyday language. The Map is a unique approach to understanding life. The Map presents a visual guide to the importance of balance in our lives. and provides us with an opportunity to realise connections between our actions. thoughts. feelings. and beliefs and the meaning we attach to our experiences. The Map is a means of understanding the process of change it is about making life real. about bringing together. linking and embracing our humanity. In undertaking this study I have utilised a mix of method. principles and practice, with the aim of providing an interpretive portrayal of lhe processes and adaptations of The Map. The purpose of the study was to explore the qualities of The Map of Loss. to identify the important features. aspects and theoretical underpinnings of The Map. which have not been written about before. The locus was on understanding why and how prolessionals (collaborators) were using The Map in various settings with differing populations.
Jackson, B. N. (2007). The way of connection : journeys with the map of loss. Retrieved from _URL_


A frequently asked question we receive on a daily basis is, "With LED Christmas lights if one bulb goes out will the whole set go out?"
The answer to this question is not as simple as it might seem. It all depends on what kind of outage we're talking about. Since the one piece LED bulb and socket design is our most popular style of LED, we'll focus on that type of set for this blog posting.
When looking at an LED outage, there are two types of bulb related outages:
1) Bulb still intact, but fails to light up.
2) Bulb lens cracked or significantly damaged.
Let's take a closer look at each one of these.
Bulb still intact, but fails to light up
LED bulbs do last a long time, but from time to time one does fail to light up. As long as the bulb lens has not been cracked or broken, then the light set will continue to illuminate with the exception of any individual bulbs that are not working.
Bulb lens cracked or significantly damaged
When it comes to lens damage, the general rule is if the lens is cracked all the way through to the core of the LED, then either the entire set or on longer stringers, half the set will go completely out. However, fortunately, most LED lenses are very rigid and don't easily crack or break.
It is important to note that some sets are more prone to outages due to broken bulbs. M5 light sets have small diameter bulbs that break relatively easily and for this reason, M5s tend to have more problems due to outages caused by broken bulbs than other light sets.
5 mm Wide Angle Conicals have very rigid bulbs because of the low profile of the lens. C7 and C9 stringer sets also tend to be resistant to outages caused by bulb breakage. These larger lens sets have an outside lens and then inside this outer shell, they have a 5 mm conical lens. So these light sets have even more protection to prevent the actual LED from getting damaged.
So the bottom line is that if one bulb goes out, but it's still intact, then yes, the light set will stay lit. But if the LED lens is significantly cracked or damaged, then anywhere from half to the full set will go out.


text:
23.0 x 16.0cm
The Mingei movement was a Western-inspired craft movement, distinguished by its appreciation of, and inspiration from, European and Japanese folk crafts. Its most representative artist is perhaps Hamada Shôji. In 1920 Hamada accompanied the British potter Bernard Leach (who had studied pottery in Japan) to England. After Hamada returned to Japan in 1924, the two potters kept in touch, visiting and holding exhibitions together. Their works were largely inspired by English slipware and other folk pottery, and were given a theoretical support by Yanagi Soetsu (_PHONE_), a religious philosopher who claimed that the supreme beauty of craft was found in pieces made by anonymous craftspeople for use by ordinary people. The theory, rather ironically promoted by works of prominent artists such as Hamada and Leach (who published Yanagi's theory under the title 'The unknown craftsman'), was embraced by many craftspeople. In Japan, the style has been continued by potters such as Kawai Takeichi and Shimaoka Tatsuzô.
'The Mingei Style', The Asian Collections, AGNSW, 2003, pg.268.
'Ceramics', The Asian Collections Art Gallery of New South Wales 2003, 2003, 268 (colour illus.).


Directed acyclic word graph
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
In computer science, a directed acyclic word graph (DAWG) is a data structure that represents the set of all substrings of a string. As its name implies, a DAWG takes the form of a directed acyclic graph; it can also be viewed as a deterministic finite automaton, and is similar in structure to suffix trees. DAWG have applications in approximate string matching.[1]
See also[edit]
 1. ^ Navarro, Gonzalo (2001). "A guided tour to approximate string matching" (PDF). ACM Computing Surveys 33 (1): 31–88. doi:10.1145/375360.375365.


text:
10 Mar Teaching Science as Inquiry
Implementating the No Child Left Behind Act has resulted in great challenges for teachers, and by extension, a greater need for professional development, than ever before.
CRDG's Science Section has responded to this need by creating a series of twoand three-day workshops on teaching science through inquiry. Research has shown that learning through inquiry enhances students' capacity to understand the concepts and skills of science. Our science faculty drew on their thirty-five years of experience supporting teachers and schools K–12 as they implemented inquiry strategies in their classrooms to create this series of workshops. The first session was held on Guam in the summer of 2005 where twenty-four elementary teachers from Guam and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI) focused on teaching astronomy through inquiry. Other modules developed in 2005 are Simple Machines (elementary), Why Do Things Sink and Float? (middle school), and Aquatic Science (high school).


text:
Farming Base (farmingbase.com) is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to Amazon.com. This site also participates in other affiliate programs and is compensated for referring traffic and business to them.
By definition, carnivorous plants or insectivorous plants are plants that kill and trap other animals in efforts to derive some or most of their bodily nutrients by using their very own enzymes or bacteria in order to digest them. While brambles or blackberry bushes have some of these characteristics, the question is do brambles have all of the necessary characteristics to be labeled as a carnivorous plant?
Brambles or blackberry bushes cannot be considered a carnivorous plant as they do not have all of the necessary characteristics of a carnivorous plant, or rather don't have the ability to exude enzymes or bacteria in order to derive nutrients from their prey.
Meaning, brambles do not have all of the necessary characteristics of a carnivorous plant but there is something in their character which makes them a curious case. Although they are not exactly carnivorous plants we can call them protocarnivorous plants. Keep on reading to find out what a protocarnivorous plant is and what makes brambles or blackberry bushes a protocarnivorous plant.
Are brambles and blackberries the same thing?
Brambles and blackberries come from the same genus Rubus, the bramble is Rubus Vulgaris while the blackberry is Rubus Fruiticosus meaning that brambles and blackberries are the very same thing.
While they are one and the same, what is the difference between the two?
Blackberries are an edible fruit which is produced by the genus Rubus, mentioned beforehand, from the family of Rosaceae.
Brambles are described as a rough, tangled, and prickly shrub that grows blackberries, raspberries, or dewberries, so basically, brambles describe the plant out of which the fruit of blackberries grows.
This means that whether you decide to call them brambles or blackberries, you cannot really go wrong but if you can, stick to the right terminology.
To repeat once more, when referring to the bush which produces the fruit, brambles is the right terminology. When you are referring to the aggregate fruit which is composed out of small drupelets, blackberry is the right terminology.
Also keep in mind that, although called berries, in a botanical sense, blackberries are not considered berries.
Are brambles (blackberry bushes) carnivorous?
By that definition, a carnivorous plant is any plant that has evolved its carnivory and adapted to capturing and digesting small animals or insects in efforts to derive nutrients from them. The emphasis is, however, on their very own ability to exude enzymes or bacteria in order to decompose the prey for the purpose of easier digestion.
To be classified as a true carnivorous the plant has to have all of the following characteristics.
1. Be able to attract prey
Being able to attract prey is the very first vital characteristic that sets everything else in motion. Although plants could wait for their prey to come, that leaves them with no guarantee of constant nutrition so true carnivorous plants have evolved mechanisms to attract prey.
For example, Pitfall plants attract plants in an effort to lure them into the pit from which they can no longer successfully escape. Their way of attracting prey is with nectar secreted at their openings or they can attract prey with their bright flowers and flower-like patterning.
The openings where the plants attract the prey are typically covered in a wax-like coating which causes the insects to slip into the pit. Once they are trapped within the pit, the plant starts exuding digestive enzymes which help dissolve the prey into a form that is easily absorbable for the plant. This is only one of the ways carnivorous plants attract and kill prey for digestion.
2. Have a trapping mechanism
Trapping mechanisms are divided into five basic mechanisms within the carnivorous plants.
Pitfall Traps or pitcher plants trap prey by luring them into a pit from which they cannot escape and are then digested with the help of plant's digestive enzymes and bacteria.
Flypaper traps trap prey with the help of sticky mucilage or a glue-like texture they exude. They utilize it through secreting glands – which can be either short, long, and mobile, and trap their prey by making it stick to the surface of the secretion after which the prey is digested with the help of the plant's digestive enzymes and bacteria.
Snap traps trap prey by the mouse and bear-like trap which with its rapid movement traps the prey within the two traps. The rapid movement is triggered by the sensitive hair on the leaf lobes. Currently, there are two species of flytraps – the Venus flytrap and the waterwheel plant. The digestion of the prey occurs over a period of one to two weeks.
Lobster-pot traps trap prey by forcing it to move towards the plant's digestive system by using its inward-pointing hairs. The inward-pointing hairs make the chamber easy to enter but difficult to get out and so the prey is forced to move in a particular direction and eventually trapped within the digestive system.
Bladder traps trap prey by generating a partial vacuum inside the bladder of the plant which basically sucks in the prey, makes it impossible for it to escape and as with other carnivorous plants, it gets digested with the help of enzymes and bacteria.
3. Be able to kill prey and derive nutrients by itself
The main characteristic of carnivorous plants is their ability to kill their prey and derive nutrients from its carcass through a process of chemical breakdown. The nutrients are then absorbed by the plant in an effort to enable their survival.
Carnivorous plants have evolved nine times in five different orders of flowering plants. There are close to 600 species classified with the characteristics of attracting, trapping, and killing prey all in an effort to absorb any available nutrients from the prey.
As brambles or blackberry bushes do not have the ability to impact the decomposition of the prey on their very own, they cannot be considered carnivorous plants.
Although they cannot be considered fully carnivorous plants, brambles share few of the characteristics of carnivorous plants which makes them protocarnivorous plants.
There are over 300 protocarnivorous plant species that are showing some of the characteristics of carnivorous plants.
Protocarnivorous plants, or also commonly referred to as paracarnivorous, subcarnivorous, or borderline carnivores, have some of the carnivorous characteristics attributed. Some are able to trap and kill the prey but lack the ability to derive and digest nutrients from their prey by themselves, as a carnivorous plant always can.
To be a fully carnivorous plant, the plant must exhibit all of the characteristics mentioned beforehand, whereas to be a protocarnivorous plant, the plant can exhibit only one of the characteristics – attraction, trapping, or absorbing of the prey.
What brambles or blackberry bushes have are thorns that help capture animals such as sheep. However, those thorns are not considered to be a trapping mechanism for the purpose of killing or incapacitating prey for the purpose of utilizing their nutrients but they are rather considered a defense mechanism in order to encourage herbivores to avoid it.
It gets a little bit more complicated when you take a look at the thorns of blackberry bushes. Unlike other plants with the same defensive mechanism of thorns, blackberry pushes do not have upright or straight thorns but rather have thorns that look like backward-facing hooks.
Backward-facing thorns draw the prey towards the middle of the bush where they can only get more tangled up and as they struggle they can only get more caught up within the thorns. As the prey struggles and gets to the point of absolute exhaustion it eventually dies and the brambles or blackberry bush does get its nutrients.
Despite this, brambles lack digestive enzymes for breaking down the nutrients and rather rely on symbiotic relationships with bacteria or insects for the part of absorbing the prey. It is a very important characteristic that the blackberry bushes are not responsible for the decomposition of the prey.
To conclude, let's review the characteristics of bramble and a carnivorous plant.
Characteristics of bramble and a carnivorous plant:
1. Being able to attract prey
Brambles or blackberry bushes produce the fruit of blackberries which can be used to attract prey but the question remains whether brambles evolved in a way that the blackberries were produced with the purpose of attracting prey.
2. Have a trapping mechanism
As we said before, it is debatable whether blackberry bushes evolved their thorns to backward-facing hooks in order to trap prey after attracting it or if it's just a defense mechanism in order to warn off herbivores. Also, brambles would have a hard time trapping any animal which does not have thick wool or fur in which the animal can get tangled up – which leads to a conclusion that its thorns are rather a defensive mechanism.
3. Being able to kill prey
As they use the help from their surroundings in order to derive nutrients, brambles are not necessarily responsible for killing the prey and they surely are not responsible for decomposing it.
By lacking this characteristic of absorbing the prey, brambles cannot be considered a carnivorous plant.


text:
How does cabbage plants make seed?
Can you tell me how cabbage plants make seeds? Ken C.
Answer: Cabbage, broccoli, brussels sprouts, cauliflower, kale and kohlrabi are all of the same species, Brassica oleracea, and have the same seeding and pollination habit. These plants produce a flower stalk that needs to be cross-pollinated (meaning a plant will not accept its own pollen) by insects.
The cabbage plant sends this flower/seed stalk directly out of the cabbage core. Home growers, unless they live in a very long growing zone, in the fall will need to select at least three firm ready-to-eat heads and remove the plants, roots and all, and store in a root cellar, refrigerator or cold basement. Keep the roots damp and cold during the winter.
In the early spring you would replant the plants, leaving two to three feet in between them. They will produce the seed stalk directly from the center of the plant. Since cabbage seeds ripen slowly and fall off immediately when they are ripe, you might want to either harvest the whole plant as the pods turn yellow or pick the dry pods when they turn brown.
When planted in the open garden – and if you are growing any other members of the Brassica family – you might be surprised what your seeds develop into since the plants can be cross-pollinated with broccoli, brussels sprouts, cauliflower, etc. But they might be interesting in flavor.
Good luck if you give this a try.


text:
Global Initiative for Food Security and Ecosystem Preservation (GIFSEP) launched the Trees for Schools Initiative on 22nd April 2021 as part of the activities to celebrate World Earth Day with the theme – Restoring Our Earth.
The tree-planting project was made possible with the support from the United Nations Development Programme-Global Environment Facility (UNDP-GEF) Small Grants Programme (SGP) in Nigeria.
The significance of tree planting cannot be overemphasized, because of its importance in helping to combat climate change. The trees being planted will help improve the quality of the environment within the schools, provide food in the form of fruits from the trees, provide shelter and beautify the schools.
It is also important to catch the students at a young age and encourage them to be environmental ambassadors and heroes. The exercise educated the students on why planting trees is beneficial to them, their environment and their communities. They are being encouraged to care and nurture the trees like a child, provide adequate water, sunlight and organic manure for the trees when necessary.
This exercise was also done to sensitize the students and all attendees on the adverse effect climate change is having on the environment most especially agriculture. Many economic trees have been cut down due to increasing population and demand for natural resources which is being used for construction, wood and agriculture.
The Trees for school initiative will encourage afforestation and combat global warming by absorbing carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. The trees planted include Mangos, oranges, guava, shower shop, palm trees and cashew.
Written by Abimbola Ajayi.


text:
Updated Trends: A recent report from the UK stated that lung cancer sufferers in the most deprived areas were more likely to die of the disease compared to those who live in other parts like Scotland. According to a report by the Roy Castle Lung Cancer Foundation, the people from deprived areas were almost twice likely to have lung cancer than someone living in the urban areas.
The study also showed that once people living in the deprived areas got the disease, they are more likely to die of the disease than those living in the better areas of the United Kingdom. In Scotland, lung cancer is considered as the major cancer killer. On an average, 11 people die of the disease every day and in total more than 4,000 die in a year.
On the other hand, reports have also shown the importance of the geographical significance estimated in a year's survival. It was found in Fife that one in four lung cancer patients are alive for a year after being diagnosed with the disease.
In Borders and Lothian, one in three people survive for at least a year after they are diagnosed. The NHS Border has the highest survival rate estimated in a year at 35.6%.


Radial distribution function
physics
Alternative Title: RDF
Learn about this topic in these articles:
molecular structure of liquids
 - Figure 1: Phase diagram of argon.
 In liquid: Molecular structure of liquids
 …potential function, u, and the radial distribution function, g. The pair potential gives information about the energy due to the interaction of a pair of molecules and is a function of the distance r between their centres. Information about the structure or the distances between pairs of molecules is contained…
 Read More
study of amorphous solids
 - Figure 1: The state of atomic motion.
 In amorphous solid: The radial distribution function
 The absence of long-range order is the defining characteristic of the atomic arrangement in amorphous solids. However, because of the absence in glasses of long parallel rows and flat parallel planes of atoms, it is extremely difficult to determine details of the…
 Read More
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CAD download
How to improve CAD software performance when you only have old or low-end graphics cards?
How to improve CAD software performance when you only have old or low-end graphics cards?
Generally speaking, 3D CAD software requires better hardware than 2D CAD software, but when dealing with complex drawings, especially drawings with lots of texts or solid fills, the CAD system with high-end graphics card may slow down, not mention the old or low-end ones.
But still, if we only have old or low-end graphics cards, we can do something to get the best performance.
1.Close Properties Panel (CTR+1) or hide Properties Panel, open it when you need to use it.
Properties Panel is commonly-used in CAD, but if think the CAD system is slowing down and you are not using it, you can close it.
2. Close the following functions or change the system variables to 0. Users can switch it on or off in the status bar.
* Close Selection Cycling
You won't need this if you don't select overlapping objects and you can switch it on/off in the status bar, as shown in the following picture,
* Close dynamic UCS
Dynamic UCS is not very commonly used by many people, we can close it and when it's closed, the system variable UCSDETECT=0
 Close Ortho Mode, press F8 to switch it on/off, you can also close it in the status bar as shown in the following picture,
System variable ORTHOMODE = 0
* Close Dynamic Input in the status bar as shown in the following picture,
System variable DYNMODE =0
* Disable the tooltips
The tooltips are displayed when the cursor is hovering over a button on a ribbon or toolbar, if you are quite familiar with the functions and commands, you can disable it in the Options dialog box, as shown in the following picture,
* Close Quick Properties
System Variable = 0
* Close Snap Mode using F9 or click the button in the status bar, as shown in the following picture,
System Variable SNAPMODE = 0
* Disable Selection Preview, we can customize it in the Select Set tab of the Options dialog box, as shown in the following picture,
System Variable SELECTIONPREVIEW = 0
* The system variable Property preview controls the preview of certain selected objects being modified. For example, select a line and click the Color and unfold the color drop-down list in the Properties Panel, we can see that the preview effect would display as we change different colors, as shown in the following picture,
3. If you are using Windows Vista or Windows 7, I suggest you change the desktop themes to "Windows Classic" and close Aero function as well.
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text: Motivated by potential financial savings, four-day school weeks have proliferated across the United States in recent years, reaching public schools in 25 states as of 2018. The consequences of the four-day school week for students, schools, and communities are largely unknown. This paper uses district-level panel data from Oklahoma and a difference-in-differences research design to examine the causal effect of the four-day schedule on school district finance and academic achievement. Results indicate that four-day weeks decrease districts' federal and state revenues and their non-instructional and support services expenditures. Decreases are concentrated specifically in food services and transportation expenditures and amount to approximately 1.36% of the average four-day district's budget. I find no detectable effect of the four-day week on academic achievement.


Comparison with Other Techniques: Bulk Analysis
What are the differences between Pulsed RF GDOES and Spark?
Spark emission spectrometry, know for decades, is widely used for the chemical analysis of metals and alloys. In terms of overall performance for bulk analysis, GD and Spark are very comparable and therefore Spark is more widely used due to lower price and simplest operation mode.
However, GD is the necessary choice when one wants to perform depth profile analysis (which Spark cannot do) together with bulk. GD has also some benefits in some rare cases, due to its specific characteristic low Matrix Effect and linearity allowing easier extrapolations. GD is therefore used for precious metals or nodular cast iron (with Mg).
Matrix Effects and linearity of the calibrations
Microscopic view of an Al sample after analysis by Spark (left) and by GD (right).
Fig 59: Microscopic view of an Al sample after analysis by Spark (left) showing localized surface melting. The same Al sample analyzed by GD (right) reveals that the structure of the sample is maintained by the "soft" sputtering process.
In Spark, the atomization and excitation steps occur in the same step. The sample surface is locally melted and the sample material vaporized. The electric arcs of a Spark analysis can also be affected by microstructures and inhomogeneities in the material. Finally the emission lines in Spark are subject to strong self-absorption leading to second order calibration curves, the need to select several lines for the same element to cover the required concentration range, and great uncertainties when extrapolating results. Spark is finally very sensitive to surface oxidation (requiring sample polishing just before analysis).
GD separates the atomization and excitation processes. In GD, sample atoms are released through sputtering and further excited in the gas phase away from the sample surface. Therefore strict matrix-matching is not necessary in GD which is an advantage for complex alloys for which no Certified Reference Materials (CRM) are available.
In addition, GD is a low thermal process and offers linear calibration curves over orders of magnitude (generally from DL to 100%), therefore one line per element is the rule of thumb in GD. Finally GD averages signals over the entire sputtered area and is therefore less sensitive to local inhomogeneities.
Analysis of thin foils
GD is of interest when thin foils (less than 2 mm) have to be measured.
Fig 60: Thin foil analysis.
GD is of interest when thin foils (less than 2 mm) have to be measured. The photo below is an example. The thermal effects in Spark are too strong to measure these types of samples accurately, which cannot be easily polished prior to measurement.
There is not much difference in the overall speed of a complete analysis between Spark and GD: an individual Spark measurement is faster than a GD one (15 s vs 1 mn typically) but, in order to obtain representative information, several spots must be done at different locations requiring a manipulation of the sample between two analyses (and repolishing if the sample is small). In GD, the pre-integration time notably is longer than in Spark but successive measurements can then be done at the same location as the process continuously penetrates the sample and the previously puttered material is continuously taken away.
What are the differences between Pulsed RF GDOES and XRF?
Multi-layered coin depth profile (not possible by XRF).
Fig 61: Multi-layered coin depth profile (not possible by XRF).
The two techniques are very different and rarely have to be compared. X-Ray techniques have limitations for light elements, which is not the case for GD.
Growing fields of interest in GD relate to Li batteries or H storage materials; H and Li cannot be measured with X-rays. For common elements, pulsed RF GDOES offers sensitivity superior to EDX but comparable to WDX.
X-ray instruments are sometimes also proposed for depth profile analysis. Depending on the incident energy the X-rays can penetrate more or less deeply in a material, and if the layer sequence is known, information on thickness can be derived. This might work for plated materials if the same element is not present in two layers (the sequence Au/Ni/Cu/glass can be measured where Au/Ni/Cu/Ni/glass will lead to errors). With X-rays, no sputtering is needed but low concentrations in the layers and potential contaminants at interfaces cannot be seen.
What are the differences between Pulsed RF GDOES and bulk HR GDMS?
Prior to the European project coordinated by HORIBA Scientific ( that lead to the development of a brand new instrumentation type called Plasma Profiling TOFMS, the acronym "GDMS" was only used for a few instruments worldwide dedicated to ultra trace analysis of metals.
These instruments feature a magnetic sector sequential by design (they are therefore not adapted to depth profile analysis of thin layers) and DC sources limit them to conductive materials only. They can achieve outstanding Detection Limits (down to the sub ppb range) and have found niche applications for high purity material assessment.


, says Khabbaza. "Encourage the person who is recovering to listen to their body. When they feel ready to resume their normal activities — whether that's running, biking, or walking — they should do so," he says.
When a person is sick, their body becomes deconditioned, and getting "back in the saddle" is an important step in the recovery process. But they shouldn't expect to be able to just jump back in where they left off fitness-wise; they need to be patient and not push too hard, especially in the first few weeks, Khabbaza adds.
People who have other chronic conditions or who had a more severe course of COVID-19 should check with their healthcare provider before resuming activities, according to UCLA Health.
A person can have lingering symptoms or health effects that continue after the normal recovery period, known as post-COVID conditions (PCC) or long COVID. Researchers are still learning about long COVID and how to best treat it. If the person you are caring for has bothersome symptoms at least four weeks after infection, they should check in with their primary care doctor, according to the CDC.


at cruising altitude, it is just possible to see the Los Angeles coast as you fly over Las
Vegas, so this answer seems reasonable. It is also possible to check the answer by working backwards. The
secant-tangent theorem states that the square of the distance d equals the product of the height of the
plane over the Earth h and the distance from the jetliner to point X on the other side of the Earth. Use this
to find the height of the plane in terms of the distance to the horizon and the radius of the earth:
d 2 =h ( h + 2R ) =h2 + 2Rh ⇒
0 = h2 + 2Rh − d 2 ⇒
−2R ±
h=
(
( 2 R )2 + 4 d 2
2
=−R ± R2 + d 2
) (6.37 ×10 m ) + (3.7 ×10 m )
=
− 6.37 × 106 m +
6
2
5
2
= 10736.63 m
Converting this back to feet and rounding to 2 significant figures gives confirmation that the answer was
3.281 ft
=
35,000 ft.
correct: 10736.63459 m ⋅
1m
1.59.
THINK: The given quantity is 1.56 barrels of oil. Calculate how many cubic inches are in 1.56 barrels. 1
barrel of oil = 42 gallons = (42 gal)(231 cu. in./gal) = 9702 cubic inches.
SKETCH: A sketch is not needed.
RESEARCH: If a volume V1 is given in barrels then the equivalent volume V2 in cubic inches is given by
9702 cu. in.
the formula V2 = V1
1 barrel
SIMPLIFY: Not applicable.
 9702 cu. in 
CALCULATE: 1.56 barrels 
 = 15135.12 cu. in.
 1 barrel 
ROUND: The value given in the question has three significant figures, so the final answer is that 1.56
barrels is equivalent to 1.51·104 cubic inches.
DOUBLE-CHECK: Barrels are not commonly used units. However, since the proper conversion factor of
9702 cubic inches per barrel was used, the answer is accurate.
1.60.
THINK: The car's gas tank has the shape of a rectangular box with a square base whose sides measure
l = 62 cm. The tank has only 1.5 L remaining. The question asks for the depth, d of the gas remaining in
the tank. The car is on level ground, so that d is constant.
SKETCH:
13
Bauer/Westfall: University Physics, 2E
RESEARCH:
=
Atank × d. Convert the volume 1.5 L to
Atank = l 2 . The volume of gas remaining is V
gas
1500 cm 3 by using 1 mL = 1 cm 3 .
SIMPLIFY: d = Vgas / Atank , but Atank = l 2 , so substitute this into the expression for d: d = Vgas / l 2 .
1500 cm 3
= 0.390218 cm
(62 cm)2
ROUND: To two significant figures d = 0.39 cm.
DOUBLE-CHECK: The car's gas tank will hold 52 L but only has 1.5 L remaining. The sides of the gas
tank are 62 cm and because the gas tank is almost empty, there should be a small depth of gas in the
bottom of the tank, so the answer is reasonable.
CALCULATE:
d
=
1.61.
THINK: The formula for the volume of a sphere is given by Vsphere = ( 4 / 3 )π r 3 . The formula for density is
given by ρ = m / V . Refer to Appendix B in the text book and express the answers in SI units using
scientific notation.
SKETCH:
RESEARCH:
The radius of the Sun is=
rS 6.96 ⋅ 108 m, the mass of the Sun is =
mS 1.99 ⋅ 1030 kg, the
radius of the Earth is=
rE 6.37 ⋅ 106 m, and the mass of the Earth is =
mE 5.98 ⋅ 1024 kg.
SIMPLIFY: Not applicable.
CALCULATE:
4
4
(a) VS = π rS3 = π (6.96 ⋅ 108 )3 = 1.412265 ⋅ 1027 m 3
3
3
4 3 4
(b) VE = π rE = π (6.37 ⋅ 106 )3 = 1.082696 ⋅ 1021 m 3
3
3
mS
1.99 ⋅ 1030
(c) =
= 1.40908 ⋅ 103 kg/m 3
ρS =
VS 1.412265 ⋅ 1027
mE
5.98 ⋅ 1024
=
= 5.523249 ⋅ 103 kg/m 3
VE 1.082696 ⋅ 1021
ROUND: The given values have three significant figures, so the calculated values should be rounded as:
(a) =
VS 1.41 ⋅ 1027 m 3
(d) =
ρE
(b) =
VE 1.08 ⋅ 1021 m 3
(c) =
ρS 1.41 ⋅ 103 kg/m 3
(d) =
ρE 5.52 ⋅ 103 kg/m 3
DOUBLE-CHECK: The radius of the Sun is two orders of magnitude larger than the radius of the Earth.
Because the volume of a sphere is proportional to the radius cubed, the volume of the Sun should be
(102 )3 or 106 larger than the volume of the Earth, so the calculated volumes are reasonable. Because
density depends on mass and volume, and the Sun is roughly 106 times larger and more massive than the
Earth, it is not surprising that the density of the Sun is on the same order of magnitude as the density of
the Earth (e.g. 106 / 106 = 1). Earth is primarily solid, but the Sun is gaseous, therefore it is reasonable that
the Earth is denser than the Sun.
14
Chapter 1: Overview
1.62.
THINK: The tank is in the shape of an inverted cone with height h = 2.5 m and radius r = 0.75 m. Water
is poured into the tank at a rate of w = 15 L/s. Calculate how long it will take to fill the tank. Recall the
conversion 1 L = 1000 cm 3 .
SKETCH:
V
1
RESEARCH: The volume of a cone is Vcone = π r 2 h . The rate water enters the cone is w = water where t
3
t
1 2
is time. When the cone is full, Vcone = Vwater , therefore π r h = wt .
3
2
πr h
SIMPLIFY: t =
3w
π (75 cm)2 (250 cm)
CALCULATE: t =
98.1748 s
=
 15000 cm 3 
3

s


ROUND: To two significant figures, t = 98 s.
DOUBLE-CHECK: The calculation resulted in the correct units, so the answer is reasonable.
1.63.
THINK: The rate of water flow is 15 L/s, the tank is cubical, and the top surface of the water rises by 1.5
cm/s. Let h be the height of the water in the tank.
SKETCH:
RESEARCH: The change in the volume of the water, ∆Vwater , is 15 L/s = 15000 cm 3 /s. The change in the
height of the water is ∆h =
1.5 cm/s. An equation to find the side length of the tank is ∆Vwater =
l 2 ∆h.
SIMPLIFY: l =
CALCULATE:
=l
∆Vwater
∆h
 15000 cm 3 / s 
=

 100. cm
 1.5 cm/s 
ROUND: =l 1.0 ⋅ 102 cm
DOUBLE-CHECK: The flow rate of 15 L/s is quite fast, but the level of the water is rising by only 1.5
cm/s, so it is reasonable that the tank is relatively large.
1.64.
THINK: The atmosphere has an effective weight of 15 pounds per square inch. By computing the surface
area of the Earth, it will be easy to compute the mass of the atmosphere. Then, since the atmosphere is
assumed to have a uniform density of 1.275 kg/m 3 , the mass can be converted to a volume. The volume of
the atmosphere is the difference of two spheres, whose radii are the radius of the Earth, rE , and the radius
of the Earth plus the thickness of the atmosphere, ∆r . The result will be a cubic equation with one real
root which can be approximated to give the thickness of the atmosphere.
15
Bauer/Westfall: University Physics, 2E
SKETCH:
RESEARCH: Recall the conversions 1 inch = 0.0254 m and 1 kg = 2.205 lbs. The radius of the Earth is
about 6378 km. The surface area of the Earth is AE = 4π rE 2 . The mass of the atmosphere is
mA = AE (15 lb/sq in ) .
The volume of the atmosphere can be computed using the ratio
VA = mA / ρ A , where ρ A is the density of the atmosphere. This volume is the difference of the two spheres,
as shown in the sketch. The volume of the Earth (without its atmosphere) is VE = ( 4 / 3 )π rE 3 , and the
volume of the Earth and atmosphere
is VEA ( 4 / 3 )π ( rE + ∆r ) . A second method of computing the
=
3
volume of the atmosphere is VA = VEA − VE . Set the two values of VA equal and solve for r.
SIMPLIFY: The first expression for the volume of the atmosphere is

mA 4π rE 2 
15 lb
=

.
ρA
ρ A  1 square inch 
V
=
A
(
)
The second expression
is VA ( 4π / 3 ) (rE + ∆r )3 − rE3 . Setting these expressions equal to each other gives
=
an equation to


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Posted
Binding the ASP.NET TreeView to a DataSet or an ObjectDataSource
, 2 May 2008 CPOL
Rate this:
Please Sign up or sign in to vote.
The TreeView can not bind to a DataSet or to an ObjectDataSource. With one line of code, you can do that now.
Introduction
The TreeView in ASP.NET is a powerful control that helps display hierarchical data. However, unlike other controls, it does not support binding to a DataSet or an ObjectDataSource. I have seen a lot of developers do this the old fashioned way, filling the tree programmatically, which is a waste of time and energy.
The solution
The key to this solution is that the TreeView can bind to any object implementing the interface IHierarchicalDataSource. So, this article presents to you a small class that will take a DataSet as an input and return an object that implements IHierarchicalDataSource so that the TreeView can easily bind with your DataSets.
Under the hood
The class HierarchicalDataSet presents data in a hierarchy, which means supports Parent-Child relationships, just like the nature of a TreeView control. You have nodes, and under some nodes, you have children. Creating this structure in a database involves having a table reference itself to implement the parent-child relationship. Here is how such a table would look like:
Table
Here is a quick example for some records to see how they will present the child parent relationship:
DataRow row = dataSet.Tables[0].NewRow();
row["ID"] = 1;
row["Text"] = "Parent 1";
dataSet.Tables[0].Rows.Add(row);
row = dataSet.Tables[0].NewRow();
row["ID"] = 2;
row["Text"] = "Parent 2";
dataSet.Tables[0].Rows.Add(row);
row = dataSet.Tables[0].NewRow();
row["ID"] = 3;
row["ParentID"] = 1;
row["Text"] = "Child 1";
dataSet.Tables[0].Rows.Add(row);
row = dataSet.Tables[0].NewRow();
row["ID"] = 4;
row["ParentID"] = 1;
row["Text"] = "Child 2";
dataSet.Tables[0].Rows.Add(row);
row = dataSet.Tables[0].NewRow();
row["ID"] = 5;
row["ParentID"] = 2;
row["Text"] = "Child 3";
dataSet.Tables[0].Rows.Add(row);
row = dataSet.Tables[0].NewRow();
row["ID"] = 6;
row["ParentID"] = 2;
row["Text"] = "Child 4";
dataSet.Tables[0].Rows.Add(row);
Using the code
Using the code is very simple. You need to call the constructor of the class that takes the DataSet and the two column names needed. The primary key and the foreign key reference the same table.
TreeView1.DataSource = new HierarchicalDataSet(dataSet, "ID", "ParentID");
The original blog of this article can be found here.
Hope this helps.
License
This article, along with any associated source code and files, is licensed under The Code Project Open License (CPOL)
Share
About the Author
Ralph Varjabedian
Technical Lead
Lebanon Lebanon
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Comments and Discussions

GeneralRe: Not so nice though! Pin
Ralph Varjabedian4-May-08 6:05
memberRalph Varjabedian4-May-08 6:05
GeneralRe: Not so nice though! Pin
nutwiss14-May-08 6:23
membernutwiss14-May-08 6:23
GeneralRe: Not so nice though! Pin
rexahs7-Oct-08 7:38
memberrexahs7-Oct-08 7:38
GeneralRe: Not so nice though! Pin
Ralph Varjabedian10-Oct-08 0:08
memberRalph Varjabedian10-Oct-08 0:08
QuestionWhy didn't Microsoft provide this? Can you make this work with custom collection? Pin
defwebserver2-May-08 11:04
memberdefwebserver2-May-08 11:04
AnswerRe: Why didn't Microsoft provide this? Can you make this work with custom collection? Pin
Ralph Varjabedian2-May-08 14:27
memberRalph Varjabedian2-May-08 14:27
AnswerRe: Why didn't Microsoft provide this? Can you make this work with custom collection? Pin
Ralph Varjabedian9-May-08 0:11
memberRalph Varjabedian9-May-08 0:11
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Skip to definition.
Noun: yawl yol
 1. A ship's small boat (usually rowed by 4 or 6 oars)
 - dandy
Verb: yawl yol
 1. Emit long loud cries
 "yawl with sorrow";
 - howl, ululate, wail, roar, yaup
Sounds like: yacks, yawl
Derived forms: yawled, yawling, yawls
Type of: call, cry, holler, hollo [non-standard], sailing ship, sailing vessel, scream, shout, shout out, small boat, squall, yell
Encyclopedia: Yawl


TL;DR:
SQS as a write stream.
Installation
npm i node-sqs-stream
or
yarn add node-sqs-stream
Link to Github project - _URL_
If you've worked in Node.js for a while, you've probably heard of streams. I spent years knowing that streams exist, but never understood how they worked. Streams are one of the fundamental concepts that power Node.js applications. I learnt how streams work only recently and have been applying them in my projects for great results.
Node SQS Stream
A Writable stream interface for AWS SQS. Stream data to AWS SQS directly from your read/transform streams. Uses SQS batch send to reduce costs. Batteries not included! Pass in your sqs client:
const sqsClient = new AWS.SQS({apiVersion: '2012-11-05'});
const sqsStream = new SQSWritableStream({
 sqsClient: sqsClient,
 queueUrl: 'http://example-sqs-url',
});
someStream.pipe(sqsStream);
Motivation
I had a use case where the contents of an entire Postgres database had to be transformed and then pushed to a SQS queue. One way to do this was to fetch results from Postgres in batches, transform and then send to SQS. However, while waiting for the next batch from Postgres, the process was essentially idle. This time could have been utilized for transformation or sending data to SQS also. The final solution was to stream results from Postgres using the excellent pg-query-stream, use a custom Transform stream for my data transformation and then pipe the results into node-sqs-stream.
Why Streams
Consider a use case where you need to run a series of tasks on a collection of data. For example - Read data from a file, convert it to upper case and then write it back to another file. Your code might look like this:
const fs = require('fs');
//Callbacks
fs.readFile('in.txt', (err, data) => {
 if (err) return;
 const upperCase = data.toString().toUpperCase();
 fs.writeFile('out.txt', upperCase, (err, result) => {
 if (err) return;
 console.log('done callbacks');
 });
});
// Promises
fs.promises.readFile('in.txt')
 .then(data => data.toString().toUpperCase())
 .then(data => fs.promises.writeFile('out.txt', data))
 .then(result => console.log('done promises'))
 .catch(err => console.error(err));
// Async Await
(async () => {
 try {
 const data = await fs.promises.readFile('in.txt');
 const upperCase = data.toString().toUpperCase();
 await fs.promises.writeFile('out.txt', upperCase);
 console.log('done async/await');
 } catch (error) {
 console.error(error);
 }
})();
While all this is pretty straightforward, what happens when the file size is larger than available memory? All three methods above load the complete contents of the file in memory, modify them in memory and then write it back to another file. Streams can help us solve this problem. We can view the operation as 3 independent steps:
 1. Read bytes from a file
 2. Convert bytes to string and then uppercase it
 3. Write bytes to a file
The above code looks like this when implemented with streams:
const fs = require('fs');
// Read Stream
const inStream = fs.createReadStream('in.txt');
// Write Stream
const outStream = fs.createWriteStream('out.txt');
// Custom Transform Stream
const upperCaser = new Transform({
 transform(chunk, encoding, callback) {
 this.push(chunk.toString().toUpperCase());
 callback();
 }
});
// Push data from inStream -> upperCaser -> outStream
inStream.pipe(upperCaser).pipe(outStream);
You can run this code on a file with infinite size with limited memory resources. There are many resources online to explain how streams work in detail, but my TL;DR version is this:
Imagine a stream is dam. A dam has finite capacity. Water from the river keeps on flowing towards the dam. When the dam becomes full, it is opened till it can hold water again.
In the NodeJS world, each stream has a buffer. When the buffer is full, the contents of the buffer are sent to the next stream as a "chunk".
Further Reading


text: A new methodology for the determination of self-diffusivities in solids and the corresponding activation energy of diffusion using in-situ Neutron Reflectometry is presented. In contrast to the classical ex-situ approach based on a sequence of isothermal measurements at different temperatures, the in-situ method allows one to work with a single experiment based on ramping the temperature with a constant rate. Our experiment demonstrates the success of the method for the model system of amorphous germanium. The activation energy of 2.2 eV and the absolute values of diffusivities achieved by the new method are in good agreement with the results of the classical approach, while a significantly lower amount of experimental time and samples are necessary. The presented method allows for an all-in-one type of experiment which can provide clearer and quicker results than similar methods using isothermal annealing procedures.


text:
Park HyattZanzibar reflects the intimate and understated elegance of thePark Hyatt brand while embracing the rich culture.This is the 36th Park Hyatt hotel worldwide, Park HyattZanzibar is situated on the beachfront in Stone Town, the historical center of the city and a designated UNESCO Heritage site.
As the cultural heart of Zanzibar, little has changed in Stone Town over the last 200 years. The town's unique blend of Arabic and African cultural influences originate from the 19th century when Zanzibar Island served as a center for the trade of spices.
During this period, Zanzibar, also known as the "Spice Island," was the most important trading hub along the east coast of Africa. Today, the streets of Stone Town are filled with rich aromas of spices, perfumes and local handcrafts. Architecture is a blend of Arab, African, European, Persian and Indian styles with reddish coral stone the predominant building material used. Finely crafted decorative wooden doors are one of the prominent features of Stone Town architecture.
Park Hyatt Zanzibar is housed in two buildings, one of them Mambo Msiige, a UNESCO heritage building steeped in history, grace and mystique with roots dating back to the 17th century.
Mambo Msiige is a typical Zanzibari mansion and an architectural gem, featuring intricate carvings and centered around a peacefulcourtyard.
The name alone meaning "not to be copied or imitated," embraces true uniqueness.The new and purposefully built Zamani Residence of the hotel connects to Mambo Msiige, designed to blend a contemporary charm structure while embracing Swahili culture with a blend of Arab, Persian, Indian and European influences.
Park Hyatt Zanzibar's guestrooms are a true home away from home with spaces to relax.Park Hyatt Zanzibar features 67 spacious guest rooms, including 11 suites.Oceanfront rooms feature spectacular views of Dhow Harbour and the Indian Ocean.
A perfect blend of contemporary style, modern technology, timeless regional accents and sheer luxury, all guestrooms reflect thePark Hyatt brand's intimate elegance, providing an ideal place to stay for discerning business and leisure travelers.
These suites are light and airy and feature carefully chosen sand colours with soft sage and moss accents.
Guests are led into the elegant bedroom with high, dark brown-beamed ceilings, featuring classical four-poster bed. A unique and elegant bathroom with wooden shutters and a separate tub and double rain shower offer romantic views across the Indian Ocean.
Park Hyatt Zanzibar's Zamani Residence offers a unique dining concept, featuring a range of authentic cuisines catering to all tastes.
Zamani Residence includes a Library with Veranda, a Living Room and a Dining Room with an outdoor terrace, and a residential style kitchen, the design is relaxed and comfortable, featuring eclectic interiors and designed to create a homely feel.
For those in search of rest and relaxation, guests are able to retreat to the tranquil sanctity of the hotel'sAnantaraSpa and indulge in a selection of body treatments, massages and personal services within the spa's hair salon.
Guests can also enjoy the exclusive oceanfront infinity pool is the ideal place to enjoy a morning swim, relax in the sunor invigorate after a day exploring Stone Town.
The stunning pool is 18 meters long, surrounded by comfortable lounge chairs and breathtaking views of the Indian Ocean and dhow harbours.
Zanzibar Town 4255
+255 24 _PHONE_


text: Changes in precipitation can be expected to have a major influence on the frequency and severity of flooding in the Taihu Basin. As part of an integrated assessment of flood risk in the Taihu Basin, this paper addresses the hydrological conditions and the potential impacts of climate change on Taihu Lake water levels. The hydrological system is simulated by using the distributed hydrological model VIC (Variable Infiltration Capacity), with future climate scenarios generated by the regional climate model PRECIS (Providing Regional Climates for Impacts Studies). The results indicate that maximum and mean flood water levels under the A2 and B2 scenarios for 2021–2050 will be higher than the levels during the baseline period (1961–1990), with larger increases under the B2 scenario than for the A2 scenario. The storm return periods leading to extreme water levels in the Taihu Lake in the future is projected to decrease significantly in comparison to the baseline period, implying the potential for the more frequent occurrence of major floods. These results indicate the importance of planning for future flood control in the Taihu Basin.


text:
The Antari from Antares
By Alloya Huckfield
This book is a sharing of my experience of working with 11th dimensional beings called the Antari who come from the star collective Antares. It is a Light Body manual containing information about the various layers of the Auric Field or Plasma Sheath from their lofty perspective. It describes in detail the various layers and their functions.
The Antari describe the mechanism of the conversion of energy into Light via several different light devices within the Kether (outer layer) of the Auric Field.
The Antari are on a mission to assist us in transforming our energy body to be able to accept high vibrational star codes from higher dimensions. Within this book it is hoped that a glimpse into the workings of the Light body is achieved.


> log tables. The STL log tables manage disk space by retaining only two to five days of log history, depending on log usage and available disk space.

Amazon Redshift provides an automatic logging of some STL tables to S3 for audit data. The included logs are primarily those concerned with DB security and queries run. Usage of these audit logs was described in the previous post, Analyze Database Audit Logs for Security and Compliance Using Amazon Redshift Spectrum.

If you want to retain system data from STL tables' data not included in the audit logging, you usually have to create a replica table for every system table. Then, for each you load the data from the system table into the replica at regular intervals. By maintaining replica tables for STL tables, you can run diagnostic queries on historical data from the STL tables. You then can derive insights from query execution times, query plans, and disk-spill patterns, and make better cluster-sizing decisions. However, refreshing replica tables with live data from STL tables at regular intervals requires schedulers such as Cron or AWS Data Pipeline. Also, these tables are specific to one cluster and they are not accessible after the cluster is terminated. This is especially true for transient Amazon Redshift clusters that last for only a finite period of ad hoc query execution.

In this blog post, I present a solution that exports system tables from multiple Amazon Redshift clusters into an <a href="_URL_ S3 bucket. This solution is serverless, and you can schedule it as frequently as every five minutes. The AWS CloudFormation deployment template that I provide automates the solution setup in your environment. The system tables' data in the Amazon S3 bucket is partitioned by cluster name and query execution date to enable efficient joins in cross-cluster diagnostic queries.

I also provide another CloudFormation template later in this post. This second template helps to automate the creation of tables in the AWS Glue Data Catalog for the system tables' data stored in Amazon S3. After the system tables are exported to Amazon S3, you can run cross-cluster diagnostic queries on the system tables' data and derive insights about query executions in each Amazon Redshift cluster. You can do this using Amazon QuickSight, Amazon Athena, Amazon EMR, or Amazon Redshift Spectrum.

You can find all the code examples in this post, including the CloudFormation templates, AWS Glue extract, transform, and load (ETL) scripts, and the resolution steps for common errors you might encounter in this GitHub repository.

Solution overview

The solution in this post uses AWS Glue to export system tables' log data from Amazon Redshift clusters into Amazon S3. The AWS Glue ETL jobs are invoked at a scheduled interval by AWS Lambda. AWS Systems Manager, which provides secure, hierarchical storage for configuration data management and secrets management, maintains the details of Amazon Redshift clusters for which the solution is enabled. The last-fetched time stamp values for the respective cluster-table combination are maintained in an Amazon DynamoDB table.

The following diagram covers the key steps involved in this solution.

The solution as illustrated in the preceding diagram flows like this:

The Lambda function, <tt>invoke_rs_stl_export_etl</tt>, is triggered at regular intervals, as controlled by Amazon CloudWatch. It's triggered to look up the AWS Systems Manager parameter store to get the details of the Amazon Redshift clusters for which the system table export is enabled.

The same Lambda function, based on the Amazon Redshift cluster details obtained in step 1, invokes the AWS Glue ETL job designated for the Amazon Redshift cluster. If an ETL job for the cluster is not found, the Lambda function creates one.

The ETL job invoked for the Amazon Redshift cluster gets the cluster credentials from the parameter store. It gets from the DynamoDB table the last exported time stamp of when each of the system tables was exported from the respective Amazon Redshift cluster.

The ETL job unloads the system tables' data from the Amazon Redshift cluster into an Amazon S3 bucket.

The ETL job updates the DynamoDB table with the last exported time stamp value for each system table exported from the Amazon Redshift cluster.

The Amazon Redshift cluster system tables' data is available in Amazon S3 and is partitioned by cluster name and date for running cross-cluster diagnostic queries.

Understanding the configuration data

This solution uses AWS Systems Manager parameter store to store the Amazon Redshift cluster credentials securely. The parameter store also securely stores other configuration information that the AWS Glue ETL job needs for extracting and storing system tables' data in Amazon S3. Systems Manager comes with a default <a href="_URL_ Key Management Service (AWS KMS) key that it uses to encrypt the password component of the Amazon Redshift cluster credentials.

The following table explains the global parameters and cluster-specific parameters required in this solution. The global parameters are defined once and applicable at the overall solution level. The cluster-specific parameters are specific to an Amazon Redshift cluster and repeat for each cluster for which you enable this post's solution. The CloudFormation template explained later in this post creates these parameters as part of the deployment process.

 Parameter


text:
Frequency and Incidence of Pyrenochaeta terrestris in Root Internodes of Different Maize Hybrids
Authorized Users Only
Article (Published version)
MetadataShow full item record
The frequency and incidence of Pyrenochaeta terrestris and symptom type on the roots of each internode of four maize hybrids of different maturity groups were studied 70 days after sowing. The fungus developed in the roots of all developed internodes (from the primary to the sixth or seventh internodes of all tested hybrids). The average frequency and incidence of P. terrestris in the roots of late and medium early maturity hybrids ranged from 29.5 to 55.2% and from 11.8 to 22.7%, respectively. The highest frequency of the fungus was at the 2nd root internode (93.3%), and its greatest incidence was detected in the mesocotyl of the medium early hybrid H-1 (56.9%). Necrosis predominated in the roots of the medium early (i.e. medium late maturity hybrids, 44.5% and 44.3%, respectively), whereas reddish pink symptoms were recorded in the roots of the late hybrids (51% and 42.5%). Because the fungus always produces a distinctive red pigment on carnation leaf agar (CLA) in a light regime, th...ese conditions can be recommended for the reliable identification of P. terrestris, even if pycnidia are not formed. These are the first reports of the successive distribution of the fungus in each maize root internode of different hybrids, as well as the use of CLA medium in the identification of the P. terrestris.
Keywords:Pyrenochaeta terrestris / maize / red root rot / symptoms / Serbia
Source:Journal of Phytopathology, 2011, 159, 6, 424-428
- Wiley-Blackwell, Malden


text: What kind of business is show business? This module explores the relationship between theatre and capitalism. It examines key economic problems as they arise in the theatre (e.g. "star" performers, box office, theatre as entertainment, theatre as a "creative industry," theatre and real estate). It also considers how performance offers a distinctive lens through which to think about broader practices and relations (e.g. neoliberalism, globalisation, urban development) that have become central to our everyday lives.


text:
Analyzing Cost and Revenue
Use the Cost Analysis view to analyze cost and revenue on each stage
of the project. The Cost Analysis view has up to three cost
You may use the slider to determine:
- Cost Variance (actual vs. budgeted cost)
- Cost with Risks and uncertainties vs. Current schedule
- If income is defined for at least one task, the cost analysis
diagram will show the project revenue calculated based on the
formula: Revenue = Income – Cost.
- If Cost exceeds Income in any given period of time Revenue will be
- If income is not defined, Cost will be always positive.
the shortcut menu to manipulate with chart. In particular, instead
of presenting a line chart of current schedule, result, and actual
cost, you can present an area chart by choosing Fill Chart
from the shortcut menu.