What is the beta coefficient?
What is the beta coefficient?
What is the beta coefficient? A: The beta coefficient is commonly used to describe the strength of a particle, or a particle which is to be measured in relation to one another, such as particle size, or a mass, or any other quantity, such as temperature, pressure, humidity, or the like. This term is often used to describe a quantity of particles which is used to measure the concentration of a particular substance. Beta coefficient is also used in the calculation of the concentration of an element, or the concentration of any substance. For example, if the element is an iron (iron), then the concentration of iron in a solution of iron at concentration of 0.1% would be approximately 0.03. The coefficient of gravity is also used to describe how much gas is contained in a container, and also how much gas that is contained in the container is contained. The coefficient of gravity can also be used to describe if a liquid is in a container or if a liquid has a concentration of 0%. These and other useful expressions have been discussed in Reference 1 and referenced in the article on "Quantitative Analysis" by R. J. Avila, in which R. J Avila and G. J. Rüger, in "Theory of Particles: Volume and Method," Lecture Notes in Physics, Vol. 40, No. 41 (1942), are also included. 3.2 Origin of the concept of beta Beta is sometimes referred to as the "universal beta", for various reasons. The concept is widely used by physicists to describe the properties of most materials, such as the properties of molecules, and of molecules of nature, such as molecular hydrogen, or of molecules of the free radical "hydrogen". In connection with the concept of the beta, it is often referred to as a statistical beta.
Taking An Online Class For Someone Else
In this case, the beta is used to describe,What is the beta coefficient? Beta is a measure of how much a value has changed over time. It has been widely used in the past to measure the change in value over time. However, beta has not been widely used to measure changes over time because of a variety of reasons. How does beta change over time? beta is a measure that measures how much changes over time have changed over time and what has changed. Beta can be calculated by converting a value to a number and dividing by the number of days since it was converted. The number of days is the average of all days since the date of conversion. What is the average change in beta over time? (Mean change over time is the average back of the average over all the days since the time of conversion) The average back of a day is the average over the number of years since the date the date was converted. The number of years is the average number of years back. Is it possible to convert a value to an integer? (What is the overall average over a lot of years) Yes! Can a number be converted to an integer at all? (What are the overall average back of integers over a lot or a lot of numbers) Absolutely! Is there a limit to the number of digits of a number to be converted? (What does a limit on the number of numbers work for?) The limit is a number that is 5 times the number of digit in a number.What is the beta coefficient? The beta coefficient is a measure of overall quality websites life, and it is a measure given to the extent where one's health is better than another. The beta coefficient is the most important factor in deciding whether you are good or not. When you have a higher beta coefficient, you can make a much more effective health and wellness plan than just one that has a lot of content. In fact, the biggest factor in a health and wellness program is a combination of content, content that you create, content that is easy to learn, and content that requires minimal learning and attention. What is the best way to manage your health and wellness? Your health is a great foundation for staying healthy. Why health and wellness is more important than you think The importance of health and wellness in your life is very much related to health and wellness. Many of us go through life without a good health or wellness plan. We do have the best health and wellness programs in the world, and we know that the best programs that get us through the toughest times are the ones that focus on health and wellness instead of getting caught up in getting rich. The important thing to remember is that your health and well-being is important to you as a person. That is why health and wellness has changed as a way of life. In fact, we evolved many times over in our lives to be especially healthy and healthy.
Paying Someone To Take Online Class Reddit
Our health and wellness can be a great building block when it comes to your health. Let's understand the reason why health and well being is important to your life and your health and health and wellness when we talk about how to find the best health program in the world. Your Health and Wellness Health and wellness is the foundation for your health and many other things. Like any other part of life, your health is very important. It is important to keep your health and your well-
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text:
NameChum Pro 2.5.0
Secure online registration
NameChum Pro is an application for changing the name of files, folders and disks. It is useful for normal desktop usage, but becomes cool when works, fine, fast and in background, with thousands of files.
NameChum Pro can modify the name of objects by using one of offered options:
- Rename. Also NameChum automatically add a progressive number, as prefix or suffix, to changed names.
- Rename with numbers. NameChum rename your objects by using progressive numbers. You may select the starting number. You may also add custom prefix or suffix, to changed names.
- Custom prefix and/or suffix.
- Date. As prefix and/or suffix.
- Time. As prefix and/or suffix.
- Progressive number. As prefix and/or suffix.
Moreover NameChum Pro has other cool features for working on names:
- searches/replaces characters,
- removes any number of characters starting from whatever position into names,
- truncates start and/or end of names.
Through preferences you may decide:
- the default action,
- the default job method,
- whether NameChum Pro should scan directories,
- whether it should change names of directories,
- whether it should restart the progressive number at each session,
- whether it should try to set the extensions of names following the Internet Config "File Mapping" setting,
- whether it should set the extensions of names following only the Internet Config File Mapping" setting,
- up to four file type to ignore during the renaming,
- up to four file type to rename, ignoring the other ones.
Internet Config has a great Database containing extension: NameChum Pro allows you to use it, when you should insert a new suffix. You may easily modify this Database...
By using hot keys you may skip the "request" dialog and changing, on the fly, by using the default action. Moreover there's a key for setting the preferences before work.
After all you may use the enclosed Contextual Menu Extension for asking NameChum Pro to rename your selection.
NameChum Pro is Internet Config, Drag Manager and Navigation Manager aware, moreover it's Appearance savvy. It requires at least System 7 to run.
What's new in 2.5.0 version
Hardware and software requirements
- Rename option.
- Rename with numbers option.
- Contextal Menu extension.
- Extensions Database.
- NameChum Pro ignore, now, invisible files.
- Better Appearance dialogs.
- New About Box.
- Removed registration form from About Box.
- Added Registrations folder.
- Added Support folder.
- Recompiled with Interfaces-Libraries 3.3.2
- Internet Menu changed.
- Linked with MoreFiles 1.5.
- Linked with Appearance SDK 1.04.
- Linked with Internet Config 2.0.2.
- Recompiled by using the newest compiler.
- Addresses update.
- Minor bug, saving window position, fixed.
- A bug in Navigation routines fixed.
- Pro version.
NameChum Pro should work on any Macintosh with a minimum of System 7. It's accelerated for PowerPC. If you have the Appearance Manager and/or same the Navigation Manager and/or same the Drag Manager, they will be taken advantage of. Some menu items may be disabled or some feature may be inactive if you don't have Internet Config 2.0 installed (only on PowerMac).
Visitors of this Site:
The ZDNet's NameCum page
The NameChum page on FileDudes.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
From: Hartwick Pines State Park
Hartwick Pines Maple Syrup Time
Learn about the history of maple sugar making in North America on Saturday, March 23, 2013 from 10am to 4pm, as you help tap a maple tree and observe the boil-down process which converts maple sap into maple syrup. Of course, the day would not be complete without sampling this tasty Michigan product. Children can participate in a variety of fun and educational hands-on activities during Maple Syrup Day at Hartwick Pines. Among their unique experiences, they will construct a paper version of a mokuk, a birchbark container used by native peoples to transport maple syrup. This event is free of charge, although a Michigan state parks Recreation Passport is required for park entry. Phone for more details at _PHONE_.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


DF2014:Armor stand
From Dwarf Fortress Wiki
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This article is about the current version of DF.
Armor Stand
Materials Workshops Labors
Armor stands are a type of furniture. Much like the weapon rack, the armor stand can be used to create a barracks. After being built (b-a), you may define the barracks dimensions (b-a, then +-). It can also be placed in a noble's room to appease them.
When used in a barracks designated for individual and squad equipment, dwarves will prefer to store their armor on stands instead of stockpiles. Doing so in concert with weapon racks will allow you to create centralized armories for your military.
Armor stands do not block dwarf movement.
Stockpile storage always takes priority over furniture, making armor stands all but useless for their practical purpose.


text: This study describes a novel experimental approach to directly measure the thicknesses of asphaltene deposits in micro-channels. The thickness of the asphaltene deposit is estimated using a visualization technique based on 3D digital microscopy. The working fluid is a mixture of n-heptane and dead oil. Induced by the addition of n-heptane, the asphaltenes present in crude oil phase separate at ambient temperature to form aggregates of asphaltene-rich phase. Part of the asphaltene aggregates deposit on the walls of the transparent micro-channel. A two-dimensional profile of the deposit across the channel at selected axial sections is measured. The influences of injection mixture volume on the growth of the thickness of deposited asphaltenes is investigated using two experimental conditions, (i) varying elapsed time at constant flow rate and (ii) increasing the flow rate at a constant elapsed time. In both cases the deposit thickness of asphaltene (δ) increases with the total injection volume (V). The experimental results obtained in this work provide new insights into the deposition process at the micro-scale level, which can be used to facilitate the development of more accurate numerical model for this application.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
Dishing it out
The woman, with two children at her side, is breast-feeding an infant. She may symbolise the act of Charity. The figurine is an example of one of the more decorative pieces produced by the porcelain factory in Bow. The piece dates from the middle of the 1750s.
The Bow Porcelain factory was founded at Stratford in 1747. Bow porcelain was created to compete with the popular imported oriental porcelain. But it soon established its own market within Britain. Unlike London's other main porcelain factory of the time at Chelsea, Bow focused on wares for everyday use such as cups and bowls. These were decorated in blue and white patterns imitating oriental designs.
Centre for industry
With its location east of London, on the banks of the River Lea, Bow was well-situated for deliveries of raw materials. Other factories nearby included a calico-printing works.
Museum number NN2707


Lightstep accepts Prometheus Counters, Gauges, and Histograms through the OpenTelemetry Collector or the Prometheus Sidecar. However, there may be differences in how these metric instruments and measurements are displayed in Lightstep as opposed to Prometheus. This document collects these differences for reference.
Prometheus Cumulative Counters
Lightstep accepts a Counter, but for technical and philosophical reasons, we do not provide the underlying cumulative count to our graphs and instead plot them as deltas. The resolution of these deltas varies based on the age of the data - for example, 45 second buckets for data recorded in the past hour, 2 minute buckets for data recorded between one and four hours ago, and so forth.
For an example of how this might manifest, consider the promhttp_metric_handler_requests_total counter that Prometheus exposes for itself (at the /metrics endpoint). Assuming a regular scape cadence of 1 scrape per 10 seconds, graphing this metric in Prometheus would result in a plot of values increasing steadily, up and to the right. In Lightstep, the same metric represented as a count would result in a straight line over time assuming a consistent rate of scrape requests.
Default Grouping for Rate Calculations
When taking the rate of a counter in Prometheus, the default plot will implicitly group the plot by labels. In Lightstep, you must explicitly specify the label to group by.


text:
Rasmussen, Mary Lou and Harwood, Valerie, 2003, Performativity, Youth and Injurious Speech, Teaching Education, 14(1), 25-36.
Young people may become disengaged from schooling in the middle years for a multitude of reasons. We consider the story of one young woman from the state of New South Wales, in Australia, who left school early, and consider some of the factors that contributed to her decision to remove herself from compulsory education. This young woman encountered injurious speech relating to her race, gender, sexuality, size and ability. In undertaking this analysis, we draw on Foucaultian theorizing of the subject and on the related Butlerian notion of performativity. Performative acts that occur within and around schools have the power to injure, to alienate and to potentially exclude students from access to schooling. This article details how performative acts may operate as mechanisms of exclusion, obfuscating the social conventions and institutional structures that invest them with power. Our analysis of how performative acts function in school settings concludes with some suggestions of how teachers and students might think differently about the production of their own and others' existence.


text:
Soil & Terroir
With so much geographic variety, the Chilean landscape also offers a vast mosaic of terroirs and soil types.
Soils are healthy, well-drained, and have a variety of origins (alluvial, colluvial, fluvial, etc.) and textures (loam, clay, sand, silt).
Despite the relatively dry atmospheric conditions, abundant water for irrigation flows from the eternal ice caps of the Andes Mountains that tower all along Chile's eastern border.


pooling {baggr}R Documentation
Pooling metrics for baggr
Compute statistics relating to heterogeneity (whole model) and pooling (for each group) given a baggr meta-analysis model. The statistics are the pooling metric by Gelman & Pardoe (2006) or its complement, the I-squared statistic.
pooling(bg, type = c("groups", "total"), summary = TRUE)
heterogeneity(bg, summary = TRUE)
output of a baggr() function
In pooling calculation is done for each of the "groups" (default) or for "total" hypereffect(s). See Details section for how calculation is done.
logical; if FALSE a whole vector of pooling values is returned, otherwise only the means and intervals
Pooling statistic describes the extent to which group-level estimates of treatment effect are "pooled" (or pulled!) closer to average treatment effect in the meta-analysis model. If pooling = "none" or "full" in baggr, then the values are always 0 or 1, respectively. If pooling = "partial", the value is somewhere between 0 and 1.
Formulae for the calculations below are provided in main package vignette.
Matrix with mean and intervals for chosen pooling metric, each row corresponding to one meta-analysis group.
Group pooling
This is the calculation done by pooling() if type = "groups" (default). See vignette("baggr") for more details on pooling calculations.
In a partial pooling model (see baggr), group k (e.g. study) has standard error of treatment effect estimate, se_k. The treatment effect (across k groups) is variable across groups, with hyper-SD parameter σ_(τ).
The quantity of interest is ratio of variation in treatment effects to the total variation. By convention, we subtract it from 1, to obtain a pooling metric p.
p = 1 - (σ_(τ)^2 / (σ_(τ)^2 + se_k^2))
Note that, since σ_{τ}^2 is a Bayesian parameter (rather than a single fixed value), p is also a parameter. It is typical for p to have very high dispersion, as in many cases we cannot precisely estimate σ_{τ}. To obtain the whole distribution of_p_ (rather than summarised values), set summary=FALSE.
Overall pooling in the model
Typically researchers want to report a single measure from the model, relating to heterogeneity across groups. This is calculated by either pooling(mymodel, type = "total") or simply heterogeneity(mymodel)
In many contexts, i.e. medical statistics, it is typical to report 1-P, called I^2 (see Higgins and Thompson, 2002; sometimes another statistic, H^2 = 1 / P, is used). Higher values of I-squared indicate higher heterogeneity; Von Hippel (2015) provides useful details for I-squared calculations.
To obtain such single estimate we need to substitute average variability of group-specific treatment effects and then calculate the same way we would calculate p. By default we use the mean across k se_k^2 values. Typically, implementations of I^2 in statistical packages use a different calculation for this quantity, which may make I's not comparable when different studies have different SE's.
Same as for group-specific estimates, P is a Bayesian parameter and its dispersion can be high.
Relationship to R-squared statistic
See Gelman & Pardoe (2006) Section 1.1 for a short explanation of how R^2 statistic relates to the pooling metric.
Gelman, Andrew, and Iain Pardoe. "Bayesian Measures of Explained Variance and Pooling in Multilevel (Hierarchical) Models." Technometrics 48, no. 2 (May 2006): 241-51.
Higgins, Julian P. T., and Simon G. Thompson. "Quantifying Heterogeneity in a Meta-Analysis." Statistics in Medicine, vol. 21, no. 11, June 2002, pp. 1539–58.
Hippel, Paul T von. "The Heterogeneity Statistic I2 Can Be Biased in Small Meta-Analyses." BMC Medical Research Methodology 15 (April 14, 2015).
[Package baggr version 0.6.4 Index]


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I'm trying to understand if the timing of human bowel movements in the morning is associated with the circadian rhythm, and can thus be used to make predictions about the circadian rhythm.
What influences the timing of bowel movements? Is it the timing of meals, caffeine intake or is it a biologically programmed time?
Thank you!
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up vote 8 down vote accepted
The bowel movements are influenced by a lot of factors. For example, when you eat a meal it induces a movement in your large intestines, to defecate and clear up space for new food.
Also, there is MMC, migrating motor complex, which is responsible for the bowel movements when you are fasting. It causes a flushing effect, which prevents bacteria to overproduce in intestines.
So, the daily bowel movements are mainly influenced by the timing and content of the food that you eat. But as I said there are many other factors. The gastrointestinal system has a very complex nervous system. Even psychological factors can effect the bowel movements greatly, for example extreme physical pain may induce the symphatetic system and cause constipation.
Also caffeine may affect it, like many drugs do.
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text:
Lions and tigers are both night hunters. A good way to tell how if they are night or day hunters is by their eyes.
When looking at lions, you can see that they have white under their eyes, and so do tigers.The reason for this is to improve their night vision. The moonlight reflects off the white and in to their eyes so that they can see better in the dark.
Unlike the lions and the tigers, cheetahs actually hunt during the day. You can tell the same way you would for lions and tigers: looking at their eyes. Instead of having white under their eyes, cheetahs have those infamous black stripes down their face. Those stripes actually help them see during the day. The black does the opposite of what the white would do, actually absorbing the sun's rays, so it won't reflect in their eyes and make it hard to see.
There's always an exception…
One of the wild cats though is an anomaly. The cougar doesn't hunt only during the day or only during the night. The cougar on the other hand hunts whenever, whether it is night time or day time. They don't have a dominant color under theirs eyes like the cheetahs, lions or tigers do.
While you can see these tell-tale signs from pictures, it's much more fun to see in person! Come visit our lions, tigers and cougars next time you're at Wildlife Safari!


text:
Garelochhead Sea Temperature
10°C / 50°F
The measurements for the water temperature in Garelochhead, Scotland are provided by the daily satellite readings provided by the NOAA. The temperatures given are the sea surface temperature (SST) which is most relevant to recreational users.
Monthly average water temp
Monthly average max / min water temperatures
The graph below shows the range of monthly Garelochhead water temperature derived from many years of historical sea surface temperature data.
The warmest water temperature is in August with an average around 56.8°F / 13.8°C. The coldest month is March with an average water temperature of 45°F / 7.2°C.
7 day tide forecast for Garelochhead
*These tide times are estimates based on the nearest accurate location (Millport, Scotland) and may differ by up to half an hour depending on distance. Please note, the tide times given are not suitable for navigational purposes.


text:
This gigantic antenna system called Duga-3 is located near Prypiat in the Chernobyl area.
It was built in the 70's as an early missile detection system (over-the-horizon radar system). It was also called the Steel Yard hence its distinctive appearance. The antenna was deactivated in 1989.
The Russian Woodpecker was a notorious Soviet signal that could be heard on the shortwave radio bands worldwide between July 1976 and December 1989. It sounded like a sharp, repetitive tapping noise, at 10 Hz, giving rise to the "Woodpecker" name. The random frequency disrupted legitimate broadcast, amateur radio, and utility transmissions and resulted in thousands of complaints by many countries worldwide.
Starting in 1976 a new and powerful radio signal was detected worldwide, and quickly dubbed the Woodpecker by amateur radio operators. Transmission power on some woodpecker transmitters was estimated to be as high as 10 MW EIRP. As well as disrupting shortwave amateur radio and broadcasting it could sometimes be heard over telephone circuits due to the strength of the signals. This led to a thriving industry of "Woodpecker filters" and noise blankers.
coordinates : 51°18'19.31"N 30°03'57.66"E
pictures sources : 1 2 3
text source : 1


text:
The 3D-bolt in ADINA
In the constructions of many structures, bolts are used to hold structural parts together, and there can be many bolts in a model of a structure. It is important to be able to model the bolts and their interactions with the parts of the structure effectively.
Some difficulties in modeling bolts are that each bolt has to carry a prescribed tension or shortening after its application, and the tightening of bolts is to be carried out in a given sequence in order to ensure an overall acceptable structural behavior.
Since there can be many bolts in the structure, the modeling needs to be effective.
In this News we briefly highlight the 3D-bolt option in ADINA. As shown in Figure 1, the program also offers the beam-bolt option but the accuracy of modeling a bolt is clearly higher when using the 3D-bolt feature.
The supported bolt-type loadings are:
In both of these cases, the deformations of the rest of the structure are considered — meaning that after a bolt loading has been applied, the axial force in the bolt, or the reduction in length, has the given value and acts upon the rest of the structure, causing structural deformations.
Using ADINA, of course, any number of bolts can be included in the model. The bolts can all be loaded simultaneously, or the bolts can be loaded sequentially.
To introduce a 3D-bolt in the model, a 3D element group is designated as a 3D-bolt. The direction of the bolt is defined by a cutting plane, and then the geometry of the 3D-bolt is arbitrary. The bolt can be governed by small or large displacements, small or large strains, the sides and faces of the elements representing the bolt can be straight or curved, and any material model, any number of nodes per element, and contact conditions can be used. The mixed u/p formulation and the incompatible modes formulation can be employed.
Figures 2 and 3 below are given to define a simple problem in which the 3D-bolt ADINA analysis feature is used.
The two parts of the bracket are bolted together. After the parts are bolted together, the
tension in the bolt is to be 2000 N and thereafter a pressure load is applied.
In this model, the bolt and nut combination is modeled using a 3D-bolt element group, see Figure 4. The bolt element group and bracket element groups are allowed to come into contact. Some results of the analysis are given in Figures 5 and 6.
The movie at the top shows the stress vectors in the bolt and nut.
This capability of modeling bolts is a very powerful ADINA feature for structural analysis
and is quite easy to use for the various analysis options mentioned above — including general nonlinear analyses and multiphysics simulations.


Hallmark Card Studio for Mac requires internet access. This is true even for boxed versions on DVD.
If you are getting errors saying it cannot connect to the internet, or it cannot load some of the designs, please start by verifying that you have a good, constant connection to the internet. The program requires it.
If your Mac is currently connected, you should check your anti-virus, firewall or anti-malware software on your computer.
Often it is one of these programs blocking the Hallmark program's access to the internet.
In some instances the connection may be too slow, or have too much latency for the program.
This is especially true on satellite internet (such as HughesNet), internet via a cellular connection, dialup, and some slower DSL ISPs under 1 megabit.
You can clear cache by following those steps
1. Close the program thru Hallmark Card Studio>Quit Hallmark Card studio, or via Force Quit
2. Use Go To Folder, in the Finder's Go menu (also accessible by pressing Shift+Command+G)
3.Type in ~/Library and click Go
4. Double-click "Application Support" folder
5. Double-click "Hallmark Card Studio" folder
6.Drag the Backup folder to the Trash bin
 7.Re-launch Hallmark Card Studio, click Choose A Design


text:
In Access, the Max function returns the maximum of a set of values in a select query.
The syntax for the Max function is:
Max ( expression )
The expression argument represents a string expression identifying the field that contains the data you want to evaluate or an expression that performs a calculation using the data in that field. Operands in expression can include the name of a table field, a constant, or a function (not one of the other SQL aggregate functions). You can use Max to determine the largest values in a field based on the specified aggregation, or grouping.
In Access, you can use the Max function in the query design grid, in an SQL statement in SQL view of the Query window, or in an SQL statement within Visual Basic code. It is used in conjunction with the Group By clause.
Select SellerID, Max(Price) as MaxPrice From Antiques Group by SellerID


text:
The Wallace Garden raises understanding and interest in plant breeding and genetics
The Wallace Garden aims to raise understanding and interest in plant breeding and genetics
The curving pathways in the Wallace Garden reflect the shape of the DNA double helix, and break the oval enclosure into a series of attractive themed beds. These show how humans have created a dazzling variety of cultivated varieties from wild species such as sweet peas, sunflowers and dahlias.
Along the south wall, there is fascinating display of the evolution of the first plants on Earth – from mosses and liverworts through horsetails to the tree ferns and conifers that dominate just before the evolution of flowering plants.
This garden is named in honour of the Usk-born naturalist Alfred Russel Wallace (_PHONE_), whose own work on the theory of evolution by means of natural selection prompted Charles Darwin to publish his 'On the Origin of Species by Natural Selection'. In 2008, we celebrated Wallace's life with a specially commissioned play written by Gaynor Styles of Theatr na nÓg and performed by Ioan Hefin inside the Wallace Garden for both school groups and general visitors.


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Determine the point at which the electric field is zero.
 1. Sep 13, 2006 #1
 Determine the point( other than infinity) at which the electric field is zero.
 * ---------- *
 One point particle denoted Q1 = -2.50e-3 C and Q2 = 6.00 e-3 C
 the distance of separation is 1.00 m..
 I am not sure how to determine R, s.t. my Electric field is Zero.
 2. jcsd
 3. Sep 13, 2006 #2
 Do you know what R is?
 4. Sep 13, 2006 #3
 We are suppose to determine a distance which will produce an electric field that is zero. I happen to choose R..maybe that was a bad letter to represent a variable.
 5. Sep 13, 2006 #4
 Oh no. R is fine. I asked you what [itex] R [/itex] is, because [itex] R [/itex] should be a scalar (ie the distance) from something. Now [itex] R [/itex] could be the distance from anything, but would probably be the distance from the one of the charges.
 For example if you had this configuration below
 |<----- 1m -------->|
 Then if you wanted the distance from (-q) called R, you would have:
 R<------- (-q)---------------(q)
 Now the distance from (q) would be R+1m
 do you see why it's important?
 6. Apr 30, 2009 #5
 doin this question now myself, honestly doesnt make much sense to me to have an electrice field equal to zero unless we added another charge partical to cancel out.
 7. Apr 30, 2009 #6
 User Avatar
 Science Advisor
 Gold Member
 There isn't any reason why you would need a third charge here. The electric field scales as 1/r^2. Ignoring the spatial relationship between the two charges, you only need to find two distances such that the field from charge one is equal and opposite to the field of charge two. Keeping in mind that the E field is a vector, it's not hard to arrange the two charges arbitrarily to have a point of null field.
 Now with this problem, the two charges are fixed in relation to eachother. So the first thing is to setup up an equation for the total field using a single vector to represent the distance instead of two. FrogPad shows one such way to do this. Now, you could have a situation where you can't have any nulls, but I think we can assume that it will not be the case. Don't forget that the electric field is a vector, not just a scalar.
 8. Apr 30, 2009 #7
 been trying to use
 k2.5x10^-6/X^2 = k6x10^-6/(X+1)^2
 but not getting the answer the book gives :( seriously these electrical charges and things just aint making sense to me!


text:
Lupin: The Extraordinary Adventures of Arsene Lupin, Gentleman-Thief (Paperback)
On Our Shelves Now
The creator of Arsene Lupin, Maurice Leblanc, was born in Rouen in 1864. At the request of a Paris magazine, Je Sais Tout, he began a series of stories featuring the character Lupin, a 'gentleman thief', which appeared in this publication, starting in 1907. The blueprint for this new magazine was England's Strand Magazine in which Conan Doyle had first introduced his character Sherlock Holmes.
The stories were wildly successful and later led to plays, TV adaptations and movies. The most memorable of these adaptations for an anglophone audience being the recent (but ongoing) Netflix series "Lupin", starring Omar Sy. However, before this, in 1919 Agatha Christie reportedly considered basing her first detective on Lupin. Jean Cocteau wrote about the stories in his diaries, Sartre described Lupin as "the Cyrano of the underworld." When Leblanc died in 1941 Ellen Queen pronounced him as "the greatest thief in the whole world". Even T. S. Eliot was an avid reader of Lupin stories.
The translation by Texeira da Matos is immaculate and reads as effortlessly today as it would have done in 1907 when this collection was first published. The book comprises 9 stories:
THE ARREST OF ARSENE LUPIN
ARSENE LUPIN IN PRISON
THE ESCAPE OF ARSENE LUPIN
THE MYSTERIOUS TRAVELLER
THE QUEEN'S NECKLACE
THE SEVEN OF HEARTS
MADAME IMBERT'S SAFE
THE BLACK PEARL
SHERLOCK HOLMES ARRIVES TOO LATE.


text:
Siu Nim Tao
is the first open-hand form, or taolu
, of Wing Chun kung fu
. The form may also be called Sil Lim Tao or Sil Lum Tao.
Siu Nim Tao is a traditional form from Wing Chun Kung Fu and its history is similar to that of Wing Chun. The form originated in the Shaolin temple approximately 250 years ago. Little is known prior to this, however, many martial arts employ a neutral position when first teaching students the basic elements of a particular style.
All the basic hand movements used in Wing Chun are contained in Siu Nim Tao. There is minimal leg movement in the form; the feet only move to set up the stance in the initial movements.
Siu Nim Tao practice:
- defines the centreline and teaches students where their hands should be relative to it
- teaches students how to execute Wing Chun strikes correctly
- reinforces the correct elbow position
- instills correct breathing patterns
- facilitates force generation in short range Wing Chun strikes
Great emphasis is put on relaxation while performing Siu Nim Tao. This facilitates efficiency of movement and hand speed. Some teachers, notably Chu Shong Tin, place enormous emphasis on relaxation during Siu Nim Tao practice.
Siu Nim Tao can be used as a form of moving and breathing meditation
. In addition, it increases student concentration and focus. The form is also used extensively to develop forward energy in Wing Chun practitioners.
Demonstrations of the form
Although many of the movements are similar, Siu Nim Tao varies significantly between schools and branches
Tsui Sheung Tin
Wong Seung Long
Leung Ting (fast forward to 2:11)


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CLEVELAND, Ohio -- Some things, such as restaurants and movie theaters, have been hurt by the pandemic, while others -- namely Zoom -- have grown and thrived. Siegal Lifelong Learning at Case Western Reserve University can be placed in the category of things that have thrived.
In the days before COVID-19, Siegal was known for helping people who wanted to delve further into topics of interest and enrich their lives through in-person classes and lectures. Early on in the pandemic in March 2020, Siegal -- which already had a lineup of in-person courses and lectures planned -- moved to adapt to the times and the growing need for online learning.
The result has been that its online learning courses have attracted a more varied and far-reaching audience. Prior to the pandemic, the availability needed to attend in-person classes and lectures meant that many attendees were retired senior citizens.
In the past year, however, change has brought opportunity, as Siegal has broadened its topics and lecturers, and, in doing so, attracted participants from more than half of the states in the U.S. and from countries including Israel, Australia, Sweden and Canada.
With roots that date back to the 1920s in Jewish training schools, the Cleveland College of Jewish Studies came about in 1964. In 1976, the college moved to a campus at 26500 Shaker Blvd. in Beachwood. The name of the college was changed in 2002 to the Laura and Alvin Siegal College of Judaic Studies. Ten years later, it joined its adult education programs with that of Case Western Reserve University and took on its current name.
While many still think of Siegal Lifelong Learning as Siegal College and connect it with Jewish topics of education, it has, in fact, broadened its scope to include any and all topics of interest to the general public.
"Whatever the story," said Executive Director Brian Amkraut, "many people not only are finding Siegal courses and lectures enriching and educational, but also find them to improve feelings of connectedness and community."
Andrea Kushnick Rubin, who serves as Siegal marketing consultant, tells of how in the past year learning has brought people together.
"One example was a pair of sisters who are originally from Cleveland, and now one lives in Cincinnati and one lives in Florida, and they were aware of Siegal Lifelong Learning and decided to take a class during the pandemic," she said.
"They would eat dinner together (online) during the time leading up to the class, then they would take the class together, and it would give them something to talk about. It was a really nice way for these sisters to connect."
The sisters took a fun class on "Vintage Hitchcock."
In another instance, a Cleveland woman told her sister, living in the state of Washington and a member of a book club there, about Siegal. The result was that each member of the Washington book club attended a lecture for later discussion.
Unlike going to school, there are no grades, just an emphasis on the enjoyment of learning. Offerings take place during daytime and night, and some are even free of charge.
Speaking about the growth of the program in the past year, Rubin said that surveys are sent to those who participate.
"One of the biggest things we were hearing last year is that people have been feeling very isolated and lonely in the last year, especially senior citizens who might have been more isolated, that they really appreciated what we had to offer, that it was bringing something into their homes that they could participate in and enjoy during these times," Rubin said.
An example of what is upcoming from April into June is a series of seven courses devoted to classic literature.
Among them are classes on Jane Austen, Mondays from April 5 to May 24; "The Wisdom of Children's Literature," Wednesdays from April 7 to May 26; "The Modern American Play," Fridays from April 9 to May 14; and "William Faulkner's Southern Gothic," Wednesdays from April 28 to June 2.
Rubin said the growing number of participants is also attributable to the fact that going virtual has allowed for instructors and lecturers from around the world, assembled with the help of CWRU professors and staff, to more easily and widely share their knowledge.
As it is hoped that the pandemic will ease as the year goes on, Rubin said Siegal leadership is discussing how it can keep its virtual momentum alive, while going back to offering in-person courses for those who want to get out of their houses.
In recent years, Siegal has offered courses at different area venues, including many at Landmark Centre, 25700 Science Park Drive in Beachwood.
"As we transition to the next phase of our COVID-impacted lives," Amkraut said, "we do expect to reopen our classrooms and offer live programming for our dedicated lifelong learners in Northeast Ohio, in accordance with health and safety guidelines provided by CWRU, as well as state and local authorities.
"In addition, we plan to maintain a rich array of remote programming for those who prefer to connect virtually.
"Our learning community is open to all," he said. "Please join us."
To see a full schedule of upcoming offerings and learn more about Siegal Lifelong Learning at Case Western Reserve University, visit case.edu/lifelonglearning.


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How heat affects spa water chemistry
Why does scale seem to form so much more in a spa relative to a pool? Why does the pH rise so quickly in a hot tub compared to a pool?
The answers to these questions reside in the key differences between hot tubs and pools: heat and aeration.
That, and how the chemistry of calcium carbonate (of which scale is primarily composed) is affected by those differences.
This is going to get pretty technical - we're about to dive into the deep end here.
Scale formation occurs more readily in a spa than in a pool, and the reasons are related to the spa's jets and the increased temperature. It is also due to the tendency for the pH to drift upward, which itself is also related to the spa's jets and increased temperature.
These factors change the concentrations of the various species involved in the carbonate portion of calcium carbonates equilibrium reactions.
In the pool and spa environment, many of the reactions that take place are equilibrium reactions, where reactants come together to form products, and then the products undo the reaction and reform the reactants. A key feature of equilibrium is that at a given temperature, once chemical equilibrium has been reached, the concentrations of these components become constant with time. This type of equilibrium is true for the carbonate.
The equilibrium reaction is as follows:
CO2 + H2O ↔ H2CO3 ↔ H++ HCO3- ↔ H+ + CO32
In words, carbon dioxide reacts with water to form carbonic acid, which dissociates to form a hydrogen ion and bicarbonate, which further dissociates to form a hydrogen ion and carbonate.
This equilibrium takes place in both pools and spas, but compared to a pool, both the aeration from a spa's jets as well as the higher temperatures will change the concentrations of each of carbonate's components.
Jets play a role by increasing the rate of outgassing of carbon dioxide. Put simply, carbon dioxide escapes from a hot tub much faster than in a pool. The concept is the same as opening a can of soda and stirring it up. If air were blown through a straw into the soda it would cause the soda to lose its fizz.
Such is the effect of the jets in a hot tub. It causes the spa to lose its "fizz."
Similarly, heating the hot tub also increases the rate of carbon
Fraction of carbonates at various pH levels.dioxide loss to the air, compared to a swimming pool.
That loss of carbon dioxide upsets the equilibrium, which must rebalance itself. Because there was a loss of carbon dioxide, there are no longer equilibrium concentrations of the constituents, and the carbonates components quickly combine with one another to form more carbon dioxide to satisfy equilibrium concentration.
As they do so, hydrogen, H+, gets used up, and the pH rises.
That is because pH is a measure of the H+ in a solution. Free H+ in solution lowers the pH, so the loss of that H+ causes the pH to go up.
When carbon dioxide outgases, or leaves the system, the equilibrium concentrations are upset, causing carbonic acid to unmake itself into carbon dioxide, to satisfy the requirement to maintain those equilibrium concentrations. This, in turn, causes the bicarbonate to make itself into carbonic acid, and when it does this, it consumes a hydrogen ion. It was that existing hydrogen that had given rise to the neutral pH in the first place, so the pH begins to rise.
This explains why the pH rises in a hot tub compared to an adjacent pool.
But what about a hot tub's increased propensity to form scale? What is it about a little extra heat that causes scale to form readily on the spa's tile lines, not to mention heaters?
Two components explain this. First, the pH rises because hydrogen is being consumed. That shifts the equilibrium toward producing more carbonate ion (CO32-). This effect can also be seen in the accompanying graphic which shows the relative abundance of the different carbonate species at different pH values.
Because there is more carbonate available, there is a greater probability that calcium can combine with it to form calcium carbonate, or scale, as shown below.
Ca2+ + CO32- → CaCO3
However, it's important to remember that the carbonate ion is only half of the reason for scale. The other half is calcium.
Obviously, having high calcium content in the water will increase the likelihood of scale formation, but the question remains: why it is more likely to form more in the spa environment?
From a thermodynamic point of view, the reaction between calcium and carbonate is changed by changing the temperature.
In other words, increasing the temperature also assists the reaction between calcium and carbonate to form scale. That is because the precipitation of calcium carbonate is endothermic, meaning that it takes a certain amount of heat to produce scale.
This notion is fairly counterintuitive to many who are aware that a lot of substances tend to dissolve, rather than precipitate, with increased temperature. For example, if one added sodium chloride, or table salt to water, it would be expected to dissolve better with heat. Calcium carbonate, or scale, does the opposite. It forms more easily and in greater amounts with increased temperatures.
Temperature and aeration make a world of difference in water chemistry, affecting both pH and scale production.


Raising the Dead: New Species of Life Resurrected from Ancient Andean Tomb
Ecuadorian scientists have revived a new species of yeast from pre-Incan tomb, illuminating prehistoric life
R. Douglas Fields
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QUITO, ECUADOR—Long before the Spanish conquered the Incas in 1533, and centuries before the Incas inhabited this area, the present-day site of Quito International Airport was a marshy lake surrounded by Indian settlements—the Quitus on one shore and the Ipias on the other. Between A.D. 200 and 800 these cultures prospered here, fishing the lake, growing corn, beans and potatoes in the fertile soil, and fermenting an alcoholic drink—chicha—made of a watery corn broth.
In 1980, while clearing land for new construction in a warren of graffiti-covered cinderblock shanties bristling with barbwire and defended by concrete walls tipped with broken glass, workers scraped open a tomb that had been hidden for over a millennium beneath the ramshackle neighborhood. Then, nine more deep-welled tombs were uncovered in the volcanic rock, each containing about 20 bodies. The walls of the shafts were lined with Quitus remains, each one crouched in the fetal position, clothed in the finest textile, adorned with gold jewelry, and surrounded by pottery containing offerings of food and chicha for the afterlife.
Yeast biologist Javier Carvajal Barriga, of the Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador in Quito, collected scrapings from inside large, torpedo-shaped clay fermentation vessels taken from one of the tombs in an attempt to recover microbes that had fermented the ancient chicha and, if possible, revive them.
» View a Slide Show of Tombs in Ecuador Where Ancient Yeast Was Found
Under the sterile conditions of his laboratory, he scratched away the surface layers from inside the fermentation vessels hoping to collect yeast trapped deep in the pottery's pores. Using a special method that he devised to humidify the desiccated cells, repair their damaged membranes, and jump-start their arrested metabolisms, he coaxed a community of yeasts, which had lain dormant in the entombed vessels since A.D. 680, back to life. Carvajal says he resurrected "a consortium of yeasts" from the containers, but none of the yeasts were Saccharomyces cerevisiae—the type used in modern fermentation. They were primarily strains of the genus Candida, closely related to the well-known yeast that causes skin and vaginal infections. But careful genetic analysis showed that two strains of yeast were a new species of Candida, which he named C. theae, meaning "tea."
These findings confirm 16th-century reports of how indigenous people in the Ecuadorian Andes fermented their chicha. According to Spanish chroniclers, Inca Indians initiated fermentation using animal bones, human saliva and even human feces.
"The most closely related species to C. theae are C. orthopsilosis, C. metapsilosis and C. parapsilosis, all of which are found in human saliva and feces," Carvajal says. Indeed he found human-associated C. parapsilosis, along with C. tropicalis, among the community of yeast in the ancient fermentation vessels. C. parapsilosis is the second-most commonly isolated pathogenic species of Candida infecting people. "Also [there are] the Crytococcus saitoi and C. laurentii that are related to respiratory diseases. They [the Quitus] were chewing and spitting the corn [into the fermentation vessels], so we can assume this population probably had some respiratory problems caused by pathogenic yeasts."
These species of yeast can produce alcohol up to 4 percent in strength but, unlike S. cerevisiae, Candida dies when alcohol levels reach higher concentrations. S. cerevisiae is not common in the South American environment because it is most widely associated with oak trees, which are not indigenous to the region, so the Indians utilized Candida. "It is much better to have 3 to 4 percent alcohol than nothing," Carvajal says.
Caravajal fermented his own chicha from C. tropicalis that he resurrected from fermentation vessels taken from the tomb to relive the experience of these prehistoric Indians. "The flavor was very good. The aroma was very good. The alcohol was relatively good, but the effect was horrible. Just two drinks of this chicha and I had this bad headache typical of aldehydes and esters."
He also recovered Rhodotorula mucilaginosa from the ancient fermentation vessels. Although one of the most abundant yeast species, it does not produce alcohol, rather it is associated with flowering plants, evidence that the Quitus folded flowers into the brew for flavor enhancement—and most likely to increase the kick of their low-alcohol drink: Adding plants such as Datura produces psychotropic effects.
"Chicha must be drunk young, while it is still fermenting, because it quickly develops a rancid taste with time," Carvajal says. "But if you drink it too early in the fermentation process, you will experience food poisoning because the bacteria, amoeba and harmful yeasts have not yet been killed off by the alcohol."
After much searching, I was able to sample a modern version of chicha in Mama Clorinda Ecuadorian Food, a Quito restaurant. It was made from cooked corn, cinnamon, orange leaves, coriander and several other ingredients, including rotten pineapple skin added to initiate fermentation in the mix, which was contained in a plastic gallon-size jug. The cloudy yellow brew looked like a drink from an organic juice bar. It smelled of spicy cardamom and cinnamon, and fruity papya and fermented pineapple. It tasted delightful: lightly carbonated, with a sweet pineapple and papaya flavor, and a thick body and a clean finish.
"This is only about 2 to 3 percent alcohol," I was told by the restaurant manager, Roberto Guoma, "because we made it today. By tomorrow it will be 4 to 5 percent." The chef, Nelson Cardenas, who makes the chicha daily, generously provided his recipe for readers interested in brewing their own chicha, which uses rotten pineapple rind to initiate fermentation:
Recipe: Morocho Chicha
 1. 0.45 kilograms of morocho corn flour
 2. 500 grams of brown sugar (panela)
 3. Aromatic herbs (lemon verbena, cedron (quassia family, Simaroubaceae, native to Colombia and Central American), leaves of the orange tree
 4. 10 grams whole cloves
 5. Five grams cinnamon sticks
 6. Five grams allspice
 7. 250 grams white sugar
 8. Skin of one pineapple
1. Boil two liters of water
2. Mix the morocho corn flour in one half liter of water and mix with the two liters of boiling water. Boil for 10 minutes.
3. Boil two liters of water and add the herbs, orange tree leaves, cloves, cinnamon and allspice. Cook for 10 minutes and strain out liquid.
4. Combine the water–corn mix with the water–herb mix. Strain and add the pineapple skin.
5. Ferment for one day.
6. Check the consistency of the drink and add more water as needed. Add the brown sugar and white sugar until sweetened to taste. Add ice and serve.
(Translated by Claudia Alderman)
Global yeast?
Recalling of the movie Jurassic Park, one wonders about the potential dangers of reviving an ancient pathological microbe that could produce a modern plague. "There exists the possibility," he says, but Carvajal thinks that these species have been living with man for thousands of years." Indeed, that suspicion proved to be true.
Simultaneously, on the other side of the globe two cases of bottled tea were found clouded with contamination in 2010. The manufacturer sent the bottles to Ching-Fu Lee at the National Hsinchu University of Education, one of the few yeast taxonomists in Taiwan. He identified the contaminant as a new species of Candida and began to write a paper describing his discovery. During the peer review process, the anonymous reviewer suggested that Lee check the National Institutes of Health GenBank database. There he found the genetic sequence of the new species of Candida that Carvajal had recovered from the ancient fermentation vessel. Lee immediately contacted Carvajal, along with the latter's collaborator Stephen James, a yeast taxonomist at the Institute of Food Research in England, and the three teams of scientists jointly published their paper in the February issue of the International Journal of Food Microbiology.
But how did the identical yeast turn up simultaneously in Taiwan and Quito? "I don't think this is a beverage-related yeast, I think it is a human-related yeast," Carvajal says. "We know now that there were contacts between Polynesians and South American peoples. [Polynesians] departed from Taiwan 6,000 years ago."
Carvajal cites the example of another new yeast he has discovered, C. fodens, to buttress his argument. The yeast was collected in Australia, Costa Rica and Ecuador's Galápagos Islands. Genetic analysis shows that the yeast from all three Pacific locations are identical. "It is very hard to imagine that such a distance was covered by one single strain," he says.


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Latest VideosMore Videos
Whyatt has lost his very first tooth! When his mom tells Whyatt that the Tooth Fairy will come and take his tooth, Whyatt wants to know what happens if he wants to KEEP it? Super Why and his friends decide the best person to ask is the Tooth Fairy herself, so they set off to meet her in person. With a little bit of magic (and a little bit of floss) the reading heroes are able to get all their questions answered. Educational Objectives: To learn about the magic of the Tooth Fairy. Kids will follow the alphabet, rhyme with AY words, and use the power to read to change the story.
Watch Super Why! and more at PBS Kids Video.
Sorry, this episode has no rebroadcasts scheduled at this time.


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Thursday, November 6, 2008
Rerajahan: Sacred Drawing
Religious symbols, icons, or signs can be found in surprisingly numerous numbers in Bali. Surprisingly? Since they are perfectly interwoven in everyday Balinese life, one hardly realizes their existence. Some religious symbol can easily be recognized, for example Rerajahan. Rerajahan is the most obvious and easily recognized Balinese religious symbol.
Rerajahan is a drawing of sacred characters or images on a piece of cloth, metal plate, pottery, leaf, fruit, wood, weapon, basket or skin. The drawing of the rerajahan can be categorized into 11 groups:
1. Drawing of holy characters (vijaksara) or short incantation
2. Drawing of sun, star or moon combines with holy characters
3. Drawing of flower, especially lotus flower with holy characters on its petals
4. Drawing of animals such as tiger, crocodile, lion, snake or dragon
5. Drawing of human or part of human body
6. Drawing of distorted human body such as human with animal head, animal with human head, or human without head
7. Drawing of gods and goddesses, with their weapons and vehicles.
8. Drawing of distorted gods or goddesses or in their angry personifications.
9. Drawing of gods' weapons combines with holy characters.
10. Drawing of demons, spirit or strange creatures; sometimes equipped with their weapons.
11. Drawing of sacred buildings
Rerajahan serves various purposes range from inviting the gods to descend to mortal world to harming or killing the enemy. Basically, the functions of rerajahan can be categorized as follow
1. to get protection and magical power from the god that is drawn in the rerajahan for example the power to prevent rain
2. to purify the body and soul
3. to enhance the spiritual power of someone or something
4. to get a unique talent or power, for example ability to run fast or can not be seen
5. to get sympathy or admiration from other
6. to drive away pestilence, or bad luck
7. to protect the house compound, rice field, village or children
8. to prevent or negate physical or magical attack from the enemy
9. to harm or kill the enemy
In order to fulfill these various functions the rerajahan have to be invested with a power. A powerful rerajahan is made on an auspicious day with specific offerings and of course a qualified rerajahan maker. After the drawing process is finished the rerajahan is invested with magical power by its maker by using Pasupati mantra (pasupati incantation).
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Weather woes have caused a particular mosquito to show up in abundance in Louisiana
This year's weather has caused many challenges in Louisiana.
Among other issues, it gave rise to a mosquito species that is not normally seen in such abundant numbers.
LSU AgCenter reporter Craig Gautreaux has the story.
Unprecedented heavy rains in California have wreaked havoc on strawberry fields and other crops, posing a threat to farm workers and potentially causing price hikes for consumers.
The Center for Biological Diversity launched a map project to reduce pesticide use near endangered species habitats. However, there are some concerns over the accuracy of the maps.


Astronomer and Educator: Friend or Foe?
Previous abstract Next abstract
Session 43 -- Planetariums
[43.06] Astronomer and Educator: Friend or Foe?
D.K.Duncan (U. of Chicago and Adler Planetarium), A.Singel (Adler Planetarium)
Warning: This presentation might offend some astronomers and science or planetarium educators. It is not indended to offend, but to provoke discussion, and it is based on real-life experiences of astronomers and planetarium educators working together for the first time. It will presented as a skit. \\ Scene 1: An astronomer and a planetarium educator meet. The astronomer gives advice which the educator finds impractical and useless. The educator tells the astronomer what he teaches, and the astronomer finds it well-presented, irrelevent and misdirected. Scene 2: An astronomer and planetarium educator meet. The astronomer asks the educator what he could do to most help the planetarium. A surprising discussion ensues. The educator and astronomer agree on 3 basic ingredients which are usually required to create the best science programs.
8:30a program listing


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||Converting CAD Drawings to Product Models
||The fundamental aim of this study is to examine whether it is possible to automatically convert vector-based drawings to product models. The reason for doing this is that the new object-based systems cannot make use of the information stored in CAD drawings, which limits the usability of these systems. Converting paper drawings to vector-format is used today and provides recognition of lines and text, but does not interpret what the shapes represent. A language for describing the geometrical representations that could be processed directly into a recognition program for building elements is missing. It is easier to describe how to recognize a line as a series of dots in a raster image, than it is to describe how a complex symbol of a building element looks like. The approach in this research work has been to test different shape recognition algorithms. The proposed method can be divided into four processes: grouping of geometrical primitives, classifying these groups, interpreting the content and analyzing the relationships between the groups. The algorithms developed here are based on research within related domains, such as pattern recognition and artificial intelligence. The algorithms have been developed in a prototype implementation and were tested with three layer-structured drawings used in practice. The results of the tests show that there are no crucial obstacles to recognizing a large part of the symbols of building elements in a CAD drawing. The requirement is that the recognition system is able to differentiate one from another and be tolerant of errors and variations in the shapes.
|Year of publication:
||Product Model, CAD
Noack, Robert (2001).
Converting CAD Drawings to Product Models. Royal institute of Technology, Department of Construction Management and Economics,Licentiate thesis, Stockholm, Sweden,


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(243i) Shear-Induced Instability of Blue Phase Liquid Crystals
AIChE Annual Meeting
Tuesday, November 15, 2022 - 10:00am to 10:15am
Blue phase (BP) liquid crystals with a high level of chirality appear between chiral nematic and isotropic phases. In BPs, the anisotropic molecules form arrays of biaxial twisted structures called double-twisted cylinders (DTC). DTCs self-assemble into 3D cubic crystalline structures intertwined with the network of disclination lines arranged into body-centered cubic (BPI) and simple cubic (BPII) lattice symmetries. Here, we have studied the effect of shear flow forces on the arrangement of the disclination lines and the stability of the BP structures in bulk and within spherical microdroplets. The Linkam optical shearing system (CSS450) was used to apply continuous shear deformation to the BP bulk. Moreover, a lab-built microfluidic device was employed to explore the coupling of hydrodynamic forces and curved confinement on the structural reorganization and phase transitions of BPs within spherical droplets. Our results show that the shear deformation reduces the BP transition temperatures and stabilizes their structures at lower temperatures. In the flow-focused capillary microfluidic, on the other hand, the combined effect of shear flow forces and spherical confinement significantly enhances structural instability and temperature drops by about 20°C. This behavior is shear flow are and droplets size correlated; the higher the flow deformation and stronger the confinement, the lower the transition temperature. This phenomenon can be attributed to the extent of hydrodynamic forces acting on BP liquid crystals and the viscous dissipation heat. Understanding the structural transition of BPs in response to flow forces is interesting from a fundamental standpoint and has high practical applications.


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Forums · General English Grammar & Vocabulary, Listening & Speaking · General English Grammar Questions
Below are the definitions from online dictionaries. It looks like an excerpt is a formal quote, am I right?
excerpt ( ) n. A passage or segment taken from a longer work, such as a literary or musical composition, a document, or a film.
quote v., quoted, quoting, quotes. v.tr. To repeat or copy the words of (another), usually with acknowledgment of the source.
Informal. A quotation
Thanks in advance.
Excerpts are generally longer quotes, and as your definition says, come from written or scripted pieces; quotes needn't.
People are waiting to help.
Live chatRegistered users can join here
Related forum topics:
Online chat is available


Question: Is Kissing In Public Allowed In South Korea?
What happens when u kiss a girl's neck?
While the neck is generally sensitive, the area where the neck meets the collarbone is especially sensitive to touch.
This is a really great spot to kiss her if you want her to feel pleasure.
You can also kiss her neck near her jawline as well..
Is hugging a PDA?
As many people know, PDA is 'Public Display of Affection' which is showing affection to someone else in a public area. PDA can be hugging, kissing, holding hands, touching, and many more ways of showing affection. It also can be performed with any type of relationship like dating or married, friendships, and much more.
When a guy kisses your neck meaning?
The Neck Kiss When a guy's kissing your neck without biting, it means that he wants you – and that he wants you right now. Men who prefer neck kisses to typical mouth kisses may be afraid of actual emotional intimacy, though, so take note if he does this more than actual French kisses.
Is it permissible to kiss in public?
A kiss can mean absolutely anything. Some kisses can be pious and filled with respect while others can be absolutely vulgar. The vulgar sort of a kiss in public is absolutely forbidden. It is only for behind the closed doors in absolute privacy.
What is considered rude in South Korea?
What is PDA sexually?
Public displays of affection (P.D.A.) are acts of physical intimacy in the view of others. … Physical affection has been defined as "any touch intended to arouse feelings of love in the giver and/or the recipient."
But (as far as I'm aware), there are no laws against kissing in public and it's not unusual by any means. … If by "kissing in public" you meant kissing others cheek-to-cheek as a common form of greeting (as is customary in some other countries), then no, the cheek kiss is not a typical way to greet others in the USA.
Is it rude to cross your legs in Korea?
4. Don't cross your legs. It is considered rude and disrespectful to cross your legs when seated across from a superior—whether that be a supervisor or just someone who is older than you.
Why is tattoo illegal in Korea?
What should you not wear in South Korea?
If you go out wearing sweat pants or a sloppy outfit Koreans will think that you have just about given up on life. DO take the extra time to put on something nice. For girls, don't wear low cut shirts or expose your shoulders. This is considered very provocative.
What countries is it illegal to kiss in public?
You definitely don't want to mess around in Dubai, where kissing in public is illegal….According to Chinese custom, public displays of affection (PDA) are not the norm and are generally considered taboo.University of Zimbabwe. … Catholic Mass around the world. … Qatar. … India. … Indonesia. … Thailand.


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Three main phases can be identified in the history of lifestyles studies:
Lifestyles and social position
Earlier studies on lifestyles focus on the analysis of social structure and of the individuals' relative positions inside it. Thorstein Veblen, with his 'emulation' concept, opens this perspective by asserting that people adopt specific 'schemes of life', and in particular specific patterns of 'conspicuous consumption', depending on a desire for distinction from social strata they identify as inferior and a desire for emulation of the ones identified as superior. Max Weber intends lifestyles as distinctive elements of status groups strictly connected with a dialectic of recognition of prestige: the lifestyle is the most visible manifestation of social differentiation, even within the same social class, and in particular it shows the prestige which the individuals believe they enjoy or to which they aspire. Georg Simmel carries out formal analysis of lifestyles, at the heart of which can be found processes of individualisation, identification, differentiation, and recognition, understood both as generating processes of, and effects generated by, lifestyles, operating "vertically" as well as "horizontally". Finally, Pierre Bourdieu renews this approach within a more complex model in which lifestyles, made up mainly of social practices and closely tied to individual tastes, represent the basic point of intersection between the structure of the field and processes connected with the habitus.


Broesis / Pixabay
Chives are one of the most convenient types of herbs to grow in your garden They are a seasonal herb, which suggests they grow back year after year. They're likewise one of the earliest crops from my garden every spring, and among the current in the fall. However I can't grow them all year, so I need to freeze them for winter season use. Freezing chives is extremely simple, and a terrific way to protect the taste of freshly gathered chives.
manfredrichter / Pixabay
How to freeze chives from your garden.
Recently I wrote a post about how to harvest chives, however how do you preserve all those chives once you've harvested them? In my opinion, the simplest way to protect chives is by freezing them.
1. Rinse the chives: After harvesting the chives, rinse them in cold water and remove any brown or yellow stems. Drain them and pat them dry.
Broesis / Pixabay
2. Dry the chives well: I like to utilize my salad spinner to remove the excess water from the chives so they'll dry much faster (optional). If they're too wet when you freeze them, they tend to stick together.
Cairomoon / Pixabay
3. Chop the chives: When you get the majority of the water off the chives, just chop them up as you generally would.
StockSnap / Pixabay
4. Flash freeze chives: Flash freezing the chives will keep them from sticking together. Spread out the chives out on a cookie sheet and position them in the freezer for about 5 minutes.
Couleur / Pixabay
5. Keeping chives: When you're done, just pour the chives into a freezer bag or other freezer safe container, then save them in the freezer.
TanteLoe / Pixabay
I grow two types of chives, regular chives and garlic chives, and maintain them both the very same way. You can utilize frozen chives in recipes the same way you would use fresh chives, they taste simply as tasty. It's so great to be able to delight in garden fresh chives all year long.


Hey everyone.
I need to write program that builds an object of Pizza class and then pass that object to Order class.
here's my Pizza class:
class Pizza
{
public:
 void setCheeseToppings ( int ) ;
 void setPepperoniToppings ( int ) ;
 void setSize ( string ) ;
 void setType ( string ) ;
private:
 int cheeseTop ;
 int pepperoniTop ;
 string size [ 3 ] = { "small" , "medium" , "large" } ;
 string type [ 3 ] = { "hand tossed" , "pan" , "deep dish" } ;
} ;
I know this is a general question, but how should my order.addPizza function look? Do I need to put the same variables that were in pizza into the orders class to store them or do i have access to those variables since the object has been passed?
I'm stuck here:
class Order
{
public:
 void addPizza ( Pizza ) ;
 void outOrder ( ) ;
private:
} ;
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If Order can contain one or many pizzas then it should have a vector of pizza objects, and pass the Pizza object by referenct so prevent unnecessary duplication of the object.
class Order
{
public:
 void addPizza ( Pizza& order) ;
 void outOrder ( ) ;
private:
 vector<Pizza> theOrders;
} ;
Oh ok. So how would I access the Pizza data to output it?
a vector is a c++ array class, so just use a loop to access each Pizza object
int n = theOrders.size(); // get number of elements in the array
for(int i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
 outOrder(theOrders[i]);
}
You will want to add a parameter to outOrder function, similar to the parameter to addPizza().
>So how would I access the Pizza data to output it?
Probably define a member function or overloaded << operator that performs the output. In the code you posted, the Pizza class doesn't provide any way to get at the data. For example (keeping it simple):
class Pizza
{
public:
 void setCheeseToppings ( int ) ;
 void setPepperoniToppings ( int ) ;
 void setSize ( string ) ;
 void setType ( string ) ;
 template <typename CharT>
 friend std::basic_ostream<CharT>& operator<< (
 std::basic_ostream<CharT>& out, const Pizza& pie );
private:
 int cheeseTop ;
 int pepperoniTop ;
 string size;
 string type;
} ;
template <typename CharT>
std::basic_ostream<CharT>& operator<< (
 std::basic_ostream<CharT>& out, const Pizza& pie )
{
 return out<<"Cheese: "<< ( cheeseTop ? "Yes" : "No" );
}
Ok, so in my outOrders function would I be able to do something like:
cout << MyPizza.size << endl :
?
>cout << MyPizza.size << endl
No, size is a private data member. Unless the outOrders function is a friend of the Pizza class or a member function of a class which is a friend of the Pizza class, you don't have access to the private data. However, if you define the operator as I showed, you can do this:
cout<< MyPizza <<'\n';
And all of the private data you choose to output in the overloaded operator will be sent to cout in the way you format it, followed by a newline. Another example, even simpler:
#include <iostream>
#include <ostream>
class Time {
 int _minutes;
 int _seconds;
 bool _is_am;
public:
 Time ( int minutes, int seconds, int is_am )
 : _minutes ( minutes ), _seconds ( seconds ), _is_am ( is_am )
 {}
 friend std::ostream& operator<< ( std::ostream& out, const Time& t );
};
std::ostream& operator<< ( std::ostream& out, const Time& t )
{
 return out<< t._minutes <<':'<< t._seconds <<' '
 << ( t._is_am ? "AM" : "PM" );
}
int main()
{
 Time now ( 9, 55, true );
 std::cout<<"The time is "<< now <<". Isn't that nifty.\n";
}
is this
friend std::ostream& operator<< ( std::ostream& out, const Time& t );
the same as this
friend cout << ( ostream & out , const Time & t )
? Or am I utterly confused
template <typename CharT>
std::basic_ostream<CharT>& operator<< ( std::basic_ostream<CharT>& out, const Pizza& pie )
none of that^ makes since to me. =(
here's my updated .h file if that will help:
#pragma once
#include <string>
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
using namespace std ;
class Pizza
{
public:
 void setCheeseToppings ( int ) ;
 void setPepperoniToppings ( int ) ;
 void setSize ( istream & is ) ;
 void setType ( istream & is ) ;
private:
 int cheeseTop ;
 int pepperoniTop ;
 string size ;
 string type ;
} ;
class Order
{
public:
 void addPizza ( Pizza ) ;
 void outOrder ( ) ;
private:
} ;
example main:
int main()
{
 Order myOrder; // variable declarations
 Pizza cheesy;
 Pizza pepperoni;
 cout << "Cheese size type: " << endl ;
 cheesy.setCheeseToppings(3); // specify pizza
 cheesy.setSize( cin );
 cheesy.setType( cin );
 cout << "pep size type: " << endl ;
 pepperoni.setSize( cin ); // specify pizza
 pepperoni.setPepperoniToppings(2);
 pepperoni.setType( cin );

 cout << pepperoni.size << endl << pepperoni.type << endl ;
 cout << cheesy.size << endl << cheesy.type << endl ;
 myOrder.addPizza(cheesy); // add to order
 myOrder.addPizza(pepperoni);
 myOrder.outputOrder(); // ouput order
 cout << "\n -- Done! --\n";
 return 0;
}
>Or am I utterly confused
You're utterly confused. All of the things that cout can print have an operator<< defined for them. When you want to use this syntax to print your own custom classes:
cout<< my_object <<endl;
You have to overload the operator<< function for your class. The operator<< function should look like this for any given class and output stream:
[I]<output stream>[/I]& operator<< ( [I]<output stream>[/I]& out, const [I]<your class>[/I]& obj );
However, if you want the operator to have access to any private or protected members of the class, it has to be a friend of the class as well.
>friend cout << ( ostream & out , const Time & t )
I don't even know what this is supposed to be.
>none of that^ makes since to me. =(
It's the same thing, just more flexible because you're not restricted to std::ostream objects. For example, you can use both cout and wcout where the example that uses std::ostream can only use cout.
oh Ok, but how do classes access variables in other classes?
If my question isn't clear, maybe look at my example main() and see what I'm trying to do. I am completely lost on how to write the Orders class so that I can output the Pizza information. :(
I need to use a vector in the Orders class to store the pizza objects and then output them with the output func
>but how do classes access variables in other classes?
There are
1) Make the data members public, then anyone can access them:
class test {
public:
 int foo;
};
int main()
{
 test t;
 t.foo = 123;
}
2) Make the data members protected, then derived classes can access them:
class test {
protected:
 int foo;
};
class derived: public test {
public:
 void bar() { foo = 123; }
};
3) Make the function or class that accesses a data member a friend of the class:
class test {
 friend void bar ( test& t );
 friend class baz;
private:
 int foo;
};
void bar ( test& t )
{


text: Safety is the most important issue in the development of nuclear energy. This paper reports experimental studies of a thermoelectric energy harvesting system designed for integration in a nuclear power plant capable of performing in radiation rich environments and producing enough power to run wireless sensors meant to increase plant safety. Furthermore, the system, which utilizes wasted heat present in coolant system piping, has the unique ability to provide power in both normal and accidental situations, to run the sensors without the need for external power. Two energy harvesting prototypes were designed utilizing a heat pipe for heat transfer. The first can supply a maximum power of 2.25 W using two Bi2Te3 thermoelectric modules of 2.79cm (1.1″) × 2.79cm (1.1″), in a source temperature near 250 °C. A second design was put forward to extend the application in higher-temperature primary loops, in which one PbTe-Bi2Te3 hybrid TEG module of 5.6cm (2.2″) × 5.6cm (2.2″) can provide a power of 3.0 W when the hot side temperature reaches 340 °C. In addition to the energy harvester, wireless communication circuits were developed along with an integrated power management circuit for wireless data transmission. A high intensity gamma radiation experiment was conducted during which each component was irradiated. A total dose of 200 kGy±10% (20M rads) was applied to the first prototype in order to approximate the expected lifetime accumulation for one implemented thermoelectric generator. Results showed that thermoelectric modules used in the prototype had no reduction in voltage output throughout irradiation. Throughout the experiment the harvester system witnessed a small voltage drop in open circuit voltage attributed to a reduction in heat pipe performance from radiation exposure. We also acquired a baseline radiation survivability level for non-hardened, non-shielded electronics of 102 Gy.


text:
Doctoral Advisor-Advisee Pairing in STEM Fields: Selection Criteria and Impact of Faculty, Student and Departmental Factors
International Journal of Doctoral Studies • Volume 10 • 2015 • pp. 343-363
Unlike the doctoral programs in places where students are paired with advisors at the time of admission itself, most US programs require the students to choose their advisors, and the advisors to formally accept the students as advisees. Little research has been done to understand how students and faculty approach this mutual selection and pairing process. This paper examines this process in STEM departments (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics), with specific focus on factors influencing the decisions. Based on focus groups and interviews of doctoral students and faculty from STEM departments in an American university, we identify criteria applied by students and faculty in making their choices. Students were found to assess faculty on available funding, area of research, personality, ability to graduate students fast, and career prospects for students, and faculty to assess students on their qualifications/credentials and perceived ability to contribute to research. We also found that this mutual assessment was not objective, but influenced by perceptions associated with faculty gender and career stage, and student nationality. In the end, whether students and faculty were actually paired with persons of their choice depended on departmental factors including prevalent pairing practices, restrictions on student numbers per faculty, and reward structure. We discuss implications of the findings for research and practice.
Doctoral education, advisor/advisee selection, gender, nationality, career stage
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text:
EVALUATION OF A FIBER‐OPTIC SENSOR FOR STRAIN MEASUREMENT AND AN APPLICATION TO CONTACT MECHANICS
Date of Original Version
A surface attached fiber‐optic sensor has been evaluated for maximum strain measurement capability in simple tension experiments to better understand the basic mechanisms of fiber‐optic sensor failure. A fiber‐optic sensor was then evaluated for its applicability to measure strains under more complex loading conditions, for example, contact strains. Experimental work has shown that while the surface attached fiber sensor fails at much lower strain levels than that achievable by conventional strain gages, unlike conventional strain gages, the fiber‐optic sensor shows linearity up until the failure point. This failure point is well within the parameters for typical experiments in our laboratory. Fiber‐optic sensors also showed their applicability to contact mechanics. Copyright © 1994, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved
Publication Title, e.g., Journal
Sienkiewicz, F., and A. Shukla. "EVALUATION OF A FIBER‐OPTIC SENSOR FOR STRAIN MEASUREMENT AND AN APPLICATION TO CONTACT MECHANICS." Experimental Techniques 18, 4 (1994): 28-33. doi: 10.1111/j._PHONE_.1994.tb00286.x.


text:
- مبلغ: ۸۶,۰۰۰ تومان
- مبلغ: ۹۱,۰۰۰ تومان
Building density information is fundamentally important for urban design, planning and management and for urban environmental studies. This paper demonstrates that Building Coverage Ratio (BCR), Floor Area Ratio (FAR), and other building density indicators can be numerically and automatically derived from high-resolution airborne LiDAR data. An object-based method is proposed to process the LiDAR data for the building density information. The method consists of a sequence of numerical operations: generating the normalized Digital Surface Model (nDSM), extracting building objects, deriving object attributes, associating objects with the corresponding land lots, and computing building density indicators at land lot and urban district scales. The algorithms for these operations have been implemented as an ArcGIS extension module. The object-based method is applied to the processing of airborne LiDAR data over downtown Houston. Various attributes have been derived to quantify the building density, urban physical structure, and landscape morphological characteristics of the downtown area at three different spatial scales.


How Many Languages Can Prince William Speak?
Learning a foreign language is part of the royal family's protocol. However, some of the queen's family members are more fluent than others. Not to mention: A few of them know up to five languages. How many languages can Prince William speak? Find out, plus the one language he must know before becoming the British heir, ahead.
How many languages can Prince William speak?
Prince William
Prince William | PAUL ELLIS/AFP/Getty Images
The future king is quite the linguist. Apparently, Prince William can speak five languages, including English. Take a closer look at his linguistic proficiency, below.
French is one language many members of the royal family, including Prince William, have mastered. According to reports, the future heir to the British throne can speak French with ease.
Africa holds a lot of memories for Prince William. So, it comes of no surprise that the Duke of Cambridge can speak a little Swahili. The language can be heard throughout several African countries, including Kenya, Rwanda, Uganda, and Tanzania.
As the future Prince of Wales, Prince William must learn enough Welsh to converse with those fluent in the language. It's unclear how fluent he is in Welsh, but the Duke of Cambridge can speak the language.
In preparation for becoming Prince of Wales, Prince Charles also learned Welsh as a young boy. While he's not fluent, he allegedly knows enough to get by.
In addition to Welsh, Prince William also knows a little Gaelic. His Royal Highness likely speaks the language — or phrases — while visiting parts of Northern Ireland and Scotland. Prince Charles can also speak Gaelic.
What languages do other members of the royal family speak?
Prince William isn't the only one with impressive linguistic skills. In addition to the Duke of Cambridge, several members of the royal family can speak foreign languages and are even fluent in some. Here are all the languages spoken by the British royal family.
Prince William knows French, but he's not the only one. His great-grandmother, Queen Elizabeth is fluent in the language and learned as a young girl (her tutor and governess, Marion Crawford likely taught her). Like his wife, Prince Philip can also speak French — and so can their children. Prince Charles, Prince Andrew, Prince Edward, and Princess Anne all speak French.
Apparently, Meghan Markle also knows a little French, but her fluency is unclear.
German isn't the most popular foreign language in the royal family, but Prince Philip is fluent in it. According to reports, the Duke of Edinburgh grew up speaking the language, as it was one of the languages spoken by his family members.
Prince George and Princess Charlotte are currently learning the second most spoken language in the world, Spanish in school. In addition, their Spanish-speaking nanny, Maria Turrion Borrallo helps tutor them.
One member of the royal family knows a little Tagalog, aka the language of the Philippines. While visiting Edinburgh with Prince Harry, Meghan Markle was overheard saying "Salamat Po," which means "thank you" in the foreign language. It's likely that the Duchess of Sussex might only know a few words and phrases in Tagalog.
Some royals even speak Russian. Prince Michael of Kent and his wife, Princess Michael both know the foreign language.
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text:
A Quote by James Keller on cities, confidence, courage, depression, gloom, and individuality
An old Arabian fable tells of a prince imprisoned in a castle which had thirteen windows. Twelve of these windows overlooked lovely scenes, while the thirteenth looked down on the black ash heaps of the city. Ignoring the twelve windows, the prince always looked out through the thirteenth. It is so often true that whether a person carries with him an atmosphere of gloom and depression or one of confidence and courage depends on his individual outlook.
Source: Three Minutes by James Keller, M. M., 1950
Contributed by: Zaady


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Colourimetric analysis of thermally altered human bone samples
Colourimetric analysis of thermally altered human bone samples
Samenvatting
At this moment, no method is available to objectively estimate the temperature to which skeletal remains have been exposed during a fire. Estimating this temperature can provide crucial information in a legal investigation. Exposure of bone to heat results in observable and measurable changes, including a change in colour. To determine the exposure temperature of experimental bone samples, heat related changes in colour were systemically studied by means of image analysis. In total 1138 samples of fresh human long bone diaphysis and epiphysis, varying in size, were subjected to heat ranging from room temperature to 900 °C for various durations and in different media. The samples were scanned with a calibrated flatbed scanner and photographed with a Digital Single Lens Reflex camera. Red, Green, Blue values and Lightness, A-, and B-coordinates were collected for statistical analysis. Cluster analysis showed that discriminating thresholds for Lightness and B-coordinate could be defined and used to construct a model of decision rules. This model enables the user to differentiate between seven different temperature clusters with relatively high precision and accuracy. The proposed decision model provides an objective, robust and non-destructive method for estimating the exposure temperature of heated bone samples.
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OrganisatieVan Hall Larenstein
AfdelingBiotechnologie
Gepubliceerd inScientific Reports Uitgave: 8923
Datum2019-06-20
TypeArtikel
ISSN2045-2322
TaalEngels
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text:
Ground water year book of Gujarat state 2020-2021
Central Ground Water Board, West Central Region, has been issuing Ground Water Year Book annually for Gujarat state by compiling the hydrogeological, hydrochemical and groundwater level data collected from the Groundwater Monitoring Wells established by the Board in Gujarat State. Monitoring of groundwater level and chemical quality furnish valuable information on the groundwater regime characteristics of the different hydrogeological units moreover, analysis of these valuable data collected from existing observation wells during May, August, November and January in each groundwater year (June to May) indicate the pattern of groundwater movement, changes in recharge-discharge relationship, behavior of water level and qualitative & quantitative changes of groundwater regime in time and space. It also helps in identifying and delineating areas prone to decline of water table and piezometric surface due to large scale withdrawal of groundwater for industrial, agricultural and urban water supply requirement. Further water logging prone areas can also be identified with historical water level data analysis. This year book contains the data and analysis of groundwater regime monitoring for the year 2020-21.


text:
RIT Awarded Grant To Develop Food Waste Solutions
RIT has received a federal grant to research sustainable solutions for minimizing and managing the growing and complex challenges of food waste.
The $1 million National Science Foundation grant was awarded to Callie Babbitt, an associate professor at the Golisano Institute for Sustainability.
The four-year project will launch a collaboration with faculty from five RIT colleges. They will study how innovative technologies, waste management systems and policies can reduce the volume and environmental impacts of food waste while at the same time creating economic growth and maximizing efficient use of energy and water resources.
Babbitt says that about 40 percent of food produced in the U.S. is never eaten. He says an average American household spends almost $2,000 every year on food that goes straight to a landfill.
This project will also leverage established industrial and community partnerships, working with Wegmans and Synergy Biogas to collect data about the volume and composition of food waste streams in Upstate NY.


Dog Injuries Due To Leash Straining
Dog Leash Straining
"Who is walking whom?"
This question pops into my mind whenever I see owners being dragged down the street by their dogs. Leash pulling usually becomes a complaint only after a large dog has finally succeeding in pulling its owners off their feet, with resultant injury or embarrassment.
Most cases of leash pulling involve dogs that have become accommodated to the discomfort of a choke chain, pinch collar or even a leather collar. Some of them cease pulling only long enough to cough, some even regurgitate or take a few deep breaths, then continue struggling forward.
Most dog owners have no idea that their frustrated leash-pulling dog might actually suffer physical injury during their daily tug-of-war. However, in a Swedish study by the noted behaviorist Anders Hallgren, of 400 dog owners who agreed to have their dog's spines X-rayed, 63% were found to have spinal injuries. Of the injured dogs with neck (cervical) injuries, 91% had experience harsh jerks on the leash or were serious leash strainers! Among aggressive or overactive dogs, 78% had spinal injuries.
Head harnesses are very effective in controlling even the most straining of dogs and should be seriously considered.


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Articles Tagged with California nursing home abuse lawyer
The prospect of filing a nursing home abuse lawsuit in San Diego County can feel daunting, especially if you are unsure about whether it makes sense to begin the process of taking action against a particular facility. The most critical thing to remember is that, if you have any suspicions about nursing home abuse or neglect, it is always a better idea to do something than to hope that your concerns are misplaced. Much too often, nursing home abuse occurs—and continues to happen—because nobody takes action to stop it. An experienced San Diego County nursing home abuse attorney can help you to understand whether you have a valid claim, and what steps you need to take in order to move forward with a lawsuit.
In the meantime, the following are some commonly asked questions about nursing home abuse claims, along with answers to help you get started.
How Does California Law Define Nursing Home Abuse?
If you are considering filing an elder abuse claim in Los Angeles County, it is important to understand how much time you have to file a lawsuit. All civil lawsuits have what is known as a "statute of limitations," which creates a time window for filing a claim. If a plaintiff does not file his or her lawsuit within that time window, the claim can become time-barred. A time-barred claim is one that is barred from being filed because the statute of limitations ran out. In some cases, it can be possible to pause the statute of limitations, which is known as tolling. In the meantime, the following is some important information about the timeline for a nursing home abuse claim.
Statute of Limitations for a Negligence Claim
Many nursing home abuse and neglect cases are filed as negligence claims under California law. Like many other personal injury lawsuits, the statute of limitations in these cases is two years under Section 335.1 of the California Code of Civil Procure. How does the statute of limitations relate to filing a claim, and when does the "clock" start ticking? In most negligence cases, including claims for injuries resulting from nursing home abuse, the clock on the statute of limitations will start to "tick" on the date of the injury, or the nursing home abuse incident.
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text:
James M. WayneArticle Free Pass
James M. Wayne, in full James Moore Wayne (born c. 1790, Savannah, Ga., U.S.—died July 5, 1867, Washington, D.C.), associate justice of the United States Supreme Court (1835–67).
Wayne was admitted to the bar in 1810 and started to practice in Savannah. After the War of 1812 he was elected to the legislature for his opposition to an act suspending the collection of debts; he then served as mayor of Savannah and as a judge of the Court of Common Pleas. In 1822 he was named judge of the Superior Court and in 1828 was elected to the U.S. Congress, in which he served three terms. He was a strong supporter of President Andrew Jackson's administration in almost all its major measures and was appointed to the U.S. Supreme Court by Jackson in 1835. Although a Southerner, he remained loyal to the Union and kept his seat during the Civil War. His most memorable opinions concerned admiralty law and questions regarding land acquired from foreign countries.
What made you want to look up "James M. Wayne"? Please share what surprised you most...


text:
International Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences
Volume 32 (2002), Issue 12, Pages 707-720
Transitivity in uniform approach theory
1Department of Mathematics, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
2Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, RUCA, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, Antwerp 2020, Belgium
Received 26 February 2002
Copyright © 2002 Y. J. Lee and B. Windels. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
We introduce a notion of transitivity for approach uniformities and approach uniform convergence spaces, yielding reflective subconstructs of
and. Further, we investigate how these new categories are related to,, and, and we show that these relationships are similar to those in the classical case.


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Top 5 Accounting Challenges Small Businesses Face
Sydney tax accounting services
Running a business is a challenging affair, especially managing financial and accounting operations. Any inefficacy in these two departments can be a game-changer for an organization. And several challenges can significantly influence profitability, business operations, and sustainability. Let's understand some accounting challenges, beating which can help your business grow.
Generating an Effective Budget: All the small businesses and startups don't have many funding opportunities. That makes it essential to create a budget and stick to it. However, while generating a budget, you should emphasize business goals, resources cost, infrastructure operations and needs, money availability, etc.
Management of Cash Flow: Cash flow refers to identifying the cash available for business. Management helps stay on the accounts receivable when balancing installments are still not complete.
Accounting System Efficiency: Make sure that all the accounting tasks occur on time. Diligently recording expenses and dues will not be sufficient as a startup enters the growth phase. Businesses require systems and workflow that evolves with the changing needs and numbers. Another requirement of a growing business is that it timely generates accounting figures and data for easy visualization of finances' status and health.
Hiring the Correct Resources: If a small business employs experienced tax accounting services from Sydney, it can significantly move towards efficient management and growth. Besides accounting, investing in the right resources can help solve all challenges for a small business.
Tax Return Lodging Process: A fast-growing or newly launched business needs to know what tax credits and deductions they can benefit from. It saves resources and helps ensure the company stays on top of all obligations.