text:
FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS
What is the philosophy of shared costs?
The philosophy has been to allocate the costs of the LINC consortium according to how much each library uses the LLSAP. Use can be tracked in many ways for each library, such as number of ports, amount of circulation, number of holdings, total materials budget. All of these elements are calculated in formulas that assess the total costs of LINC and the Cataloging Center equitably to all participating libraries.
Committees and the LINC governing bodies have determined these cost formulas and approved them. LTLS does its best to control costs for the various elements that determine the overall bottom line. Libraries have also agreed that once costs are determined, the formulas should apply and libraries are responsible for paying their portion of the shared cost. Libraries that are members of the consortia agree to this, through the LINC Principles of Cooperation and the LINC Membership Agreement.
Who determined the cost sharing formula between libraries?
The Automated Libraries Council determined the current method of allocating costs. The LINC Directors Group would decide if any further refinements are necessary.
What does the annual LINC ongoing costs pay for and how is it shared between the libraries?
For the LINC ongoing costs, member libraries pay for hardware and software maintenance expenses to Epixtech, maintenance for routers, the shared data circuit to access LINC as well as some support staff costs and supplies.
The LINC ongoing costs are allocated according to three data sources: 1) number of ports 2) circulation 3) holdings. The projected costs for the year are divided equally into three portions of the formula and each part is allocated according to the three data sources (ports, circulation and holdings). Example: if projected Central Site costs were $90,000 for the year, $30,000.00 would be allocated to the individual libraries according to the number of ports each library has, $30,000 would be allocated according to the local circulation, and $30,000 would be allocated according to the number of holdings.
What does the annual Cataloging Center and OCLC costs pay for and how is it shared between the libraries?
For Cataloging Center, member libraries that use the center pay for the costs associated with the center including all OCLC use, professional and staff costs, and supplies.
The Cataloging Costs are allocated according to the individual library's materials expense less the periodical expense. That figure is used to allocate the projected Cataloging Costs for the year.
For the shared OCLC costs, member libraries have been paying for the initial ongoing batchloading of holdings records into OCLC. Those costs are currently being paid through the Illinois State Library. The formula for batchloading was determined by a percent of the holdings that libraries loaded into OCLC.
What is a port, how much does it cost, what does it pay for?
A port equates to a simultaneous user of the Dynix software. The cost of a port is currently $4000.00 and has been since 1993. The port/access fees are used to purchase additional licenses from epixtech as well as to be sure that the hardware has sufficient capacity to handle the number of users on the system. LTLS purchases additional hardware capacity and upgrades the software as the numbers of users are added to the system. In 1993, the Automated Libraries determined that it would be best to incorporate the hardware and software upgrades into the access fees in order to have a state-of-the-art system for members without assessing additional one-time charges for routine upgrades. This allows the libraries and LTLS to maintain response time and performance guarantees and has been a very successful way of managing upgrades. In 1997 the LINC system needed a major upgrade, which cost $235,000, and no fees were assessed to individual libraries to pay for that upgrade.
Does LT charge overhead?
No, LTLS does not charge building rent, insurance, or administrative overhead for the service of managing LINC.
What data is used to determine how much my library pays and when should I expect to know how much I owe for the next Fiscal Year?
The primary data (circulation, materials expenditures, holdings, and periodical expenditures) used in the formulas is derived from the Annual Profile Survey (APS) that member libraries complete. The surveys are to be returned to LTLS by January 15th. Libraries have requested the cost information by February or March prior to the beginning of the Fiscal Year. LTLS has not been able to meet that deadline for several years, as libraries are not completing the entire APS in a timely fashion. LTLS needs the signed document not just specific numbers, as the signature is the certification part of the APS process. LTLS is diligently working to have libraries submit the FY 2001 APS online.
Other data used is the actual number of ports that a library has access to and the actual number of records that were batchloaded.
What data (year) do we use?
For the costs for FY 2002 the FY2000 APS data was used. LTLS uses the current figures for the number of ports the individual library has access to.
How often are libraries billed?
The LINC Ongoing Costs and Cataloging Costs are billed on a quarterly basis. There are monthly bills generated for equipment or supplies.
How much grant money is used for LINC support?
We have used the Live and Learn grants to help new libraries join the LLSAP. The grants have been in the amount of $10,000 per library to help defray the start-up costs. We have also received grants in the past to upgrade the automation equipment such as a grant to upgrade the wide-area-network. Every year LTLS uses at least $75,000 of the Live and Learn grant to directly benefit the LINC consortia.
What do libraries pay when they join LINC?
For the past several years LTLS has awarded Live and Learn grants to libraries to help with the start-up costs. These costs include installation of hardware and data circuits, peripheral equipment, port fees, retrospective conversion costs and supplies. The grant covers most of these start-up costs although the library must add local holdings to the database and pay for supplies.
In addition to the annual LINC ongoing costs and the Cataloging Center costs that occur after the start-up costs, libraries pay for maintenance on local equipment, additional supplies and telecommunications connections to the system.
When do libraries start paying their share of costs?
The start-up costs described earlier are paid as the equipment is installed and services are provided. The Cataloging Center Costs begin after the first fiscal year and the LINC ongoing support begins after the second fiscal year.
How would we pay for a new automation system?
LTLS maintains a special fund "Port-Telecommunications Fund" where all the money collected from port fees is tracked. LTLS uses that money for upgrades as described previously, but the fund is also used for upgrades or purchasing a new system. As of June 30, 2001, there was $290,331 available in this fund. Other money that is deposited in that fund includes any funds that were not expended from the LINC ongoing costs during the previous fiscal year. In addition, LTLS has some credit with the current vendor, epixtech that could be applied to the purchase of upgrades if we remain with that vendor.
If the amount of funds in the "Port-Telecommunications Fund" were insufficient to purchase a new system, several options for payment would be a special assessment to member libraries, borrowing the funds or a special grant.


Skip to definition.
Verb: ensure en'shûr or in'shûr [N. Amer], en'shor or in'shor or en'shûr [Brit]
 1. Make certain in the future
 - guarantee, insure, assure, secure
 2. Be careful or certain to do something; make certain of something
 "ensure that the curtains are closed";
 - see, check, insure, see to it, control, ascertain, assure
Sounds like: elusive, illusive, allusivee, insure, inshor
Derived forms: ensured, ensures, ensuring
Type of: verify
Encyclopedia: Ensure


text:
An assessment for attitudes consistent with sexual offending for use with offenders with intellectual disabilities
MetadataShow full item record
Background: Over the past 10 years, the focus of assessment and treatment for sex offenders has changed from the assessment of skills and deviant sexual preferences to the assessment and treatment of cognitions that might be considered to encourage or justify inappropriate sexual behaviour. There have been a few assessment measures of deviant sexual cognitions developed for adults in mainstream sex offender populations but none in less able populations. The present study describes an assessment questionnaire consisting of 7 scales for cognitions associated with rape, voyeurism, exhibitionism, dating abuse, stalking, homosexual assault and offences against children, designed to be used by sex offenders with intellectual disabilities. Method: Four groups of subjects were employed in this study - sex offenders, non-sexual offenders, non-offenders all with mild intellectual disabilities or borderline intelligence and a further group of normal men. All subjects completed the questionnaire and 86 subjects provided reliability data. Results: Each item was subjected to 3 tests of reliability. Retained items were required to achieve an item-to-total correlation of at least 0.4. Of the 7 scales, 5 achieved an internal consistency coefficient of 0.8 or greater. All scales successfully discriminated between groups even when the normal controls were eliminated because their scores were so low. Conclusions: It is possible to develop scales to assess cognitions related to types of offences which discriminate between sex offenders and other groups with intellectual disabilities. The final scales have robust statistical properties and can be used for clinical and research purposes. Some caution was noted in the use of attitudinal assessments for sex offenders.
Lindsay, W.R, Whitefield, E. and Carson, D. 2007. Legal and Criminological Psychology. 12(1): pp.55-68

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Make an effort on one's own behalf. Shakespeare used this expression in 2 Henry IV (3:2): "She is old, and cannot help herself," and it also appears in the old proverb, God (or heaven) helps those who help themselves.
[ First half of 1500s
Serve oneself, as in The food's in the kitchen; just help yourself. When it takes an object this phrase is put as
help oneself to, as in I helped myself to more meat. It also is used as a euphemism for stealing, as in She simply helped herself to the hotel towels and left. The first usage dates from the late 1600s; the second, a colloquialism, from the mid-1800s.


more innocent problems, we can say that your dog will also have some cavities. Or he will start to produce much more saliva than he needs, resulting in an unwanted mess all around the house.
What to Do if Your Dog is Throwing Up After Eating Gummy Bears?
Vomiting is a very common reaction that can be caused by any food. However, if your dog is vomiting specifically after eating gummy bears, he might be suffering from xylitol poisoning. Call or contact your vet immediately to seek further help.
Make sure to check the package of the gummy bears to see if it really has xylitol in it, because your vet will probably ask about it. It is a serious situation but make sure that you remain calm and keep it under control.
Conclusion: Can Dogs Eat Gummy Bears?
Based on research about the effects of xylitol on dogs, we can confidently say that this substance is very toxic for dogs. The breed of the dog will not matter and he will get affected. That is why xylitol should be avoided and not offered to dogs. Unfortunately, gummy bears have lots of this chemical them.
Even the tiniest bit of xylitol can give your furry friend hypoglycemia or low blood sugar.
If he is getting gummy bears by himself or someone is giving him this dangerous food, you should immediately stop it and go to a vet. If your child is unknowingly feeding him gummy bears, make sure that you make them know dogs are not allowed to eat sweets.
Can Dogs Eat Guava?
Guava is a lesser-known fruit that is cultivated in tropical places. Although it is believed to originated in an area extending from southern Mexico into or through Central America, the origin of it is not known certainly. But if there is one thing that we're sure about it is that it is delicious and nutritious. But what about dogs? Can dogs eat guava?
The short answer to that question is yes, dogs can eat guava in moderate amounts. Because guava is very nutritious and contains beneficial vitamins and minerals. But it is also a fruit, so, it contains a high amount of carbohydrates and sugar. So, you should just feed it as a treat.
First, let's look at the nutritional value of the guava talk about its potential benefits and harms to dogs.
Nutritional Value
Vitamin C
You might be surprised to hear that guava contains four times more vitamin C than an orange. So, it would be true to say that it is filled with vitamin C. That is essential since vitamin C is a very beneficial vitamin.
Because it has antioxidant properties and it is very successful at combatting harmful molecules called free radicals. That plays a vital role in your dog's system because free radicals are the number one cause of cancer in humans and dogs.
Other than that, vitamin C can be beneficial to your dog in the sense that it boosts the immune system.
Vitamin A and K
Guava contains moderate amounts of vitamin A and K. Both are very important for a healthy metabolism.
Vitamin K's primary function is regulating the blood clots, and vitamin A generate new blood cell growth.
Other than that, vitamin A is good for good eye health, and vitamin K promotes bone health.
Fiber is a mineral naturally found in vegetables and some fruits. Guava contains a good amount of fiber. Although dogs don't need to have a diet with high amounts of fiber, it can be beneficial for dogs that have digestive issues.
Potassium is a mineral found in high amounts in banana, but it is also found in normal amounts in guava. Potassium is essential for bone and teeth health. So, your pooch should have a diet with high levels of potassium. Potassium deficiency can cause stunt growth in puppies.
Magnesium is another essential mineral found in guava. Magnesium is a natural relaxant that can be very beneficial for dogs that have muscles issues such as arthritis. Because magnesium provides soothing comfort on the sore muscles and joints.
Although it is not in high amounts, guava also contains sodium. Sodium can be very helpful for regulating blood pressure. But you should be mindful of the amounts that you're feeding it to your tail-wagger.
Because in high amounts, it can worsen the symptoms of some diseases by raising the blood pressure, and that is especially true for senior dogs.
Is Guava Good for Dogs?
Guava is one of the most nutritious fruits in the world. It has various benefits for humans, and it can also be beneficial for dogs.
The fact that it contains high levels of vitamin C makes this fruit a good choice if your dog has a weak immune system.
Other than that, it contains very beneficial vitamins that should be included in your dog's diet.
But the crucial part is the fiber content, in our opinion. Because fiber can be beneficial for dogs that have digestive issues such as diarrhea and constipation.
Besides all the benefits we mentioned above, guava is also known to lower the blood sugar levels. That can be very beneficial if your dog has diabetes or a weight issue.
We talked about all the benefits of guava and let's also talk about its potential harms.
First, you should keep in mind that guava is a fruit and it contains high amounts of carbohydrates. It is essential to state that dogs don't need to consume carbohydrates to sustain their lives.
That doesn't mean that your dog can't benefit from carbohydrates. But there is a difference between healthy carbs and unhealthy carbohydrates. Healthy carbohydrates mostly come from vegetables and unhealthy carbohydrates found in commercial food and also grains.
It wouldn't be wrong to say that fruits stand between the two. Because even though it is natural, the carbohydrates come from the sugar in fruits. That is why you should never exceed the moderate amounts when feeding your pooch fruits, including guava.
Other than that, you should be careful about the seeds found guava. They are perfectly healthy and edible for humans, but that is not the case for dogs. Because the seeds in guava contain cyanide, which can be toxic to dogs.
But you should still watch out for the after-effects. The usual symptoms of cyanide poisoning include rapid and heavy breathing, itchy skin, dizziness, and other health abnormalities.
Conclusion: Can Dogs Eat Guava?
All the benefits that we mentioned above clearly show that guava is not harmful to dogs in moderate amounts.
It can be even beneficial for some dogs that have a weak immune system or digestive issues.
But you should keep in mind that guava still contains a lot of fructose, which is a natural sugar. That is why you should only feed it as a treat. Because consuming too much sugar can cause diabetes and fat gain in dogs.
Other than that, you should remember not to ever feed the seeds to your tail-wagger. Because the seeds of guava contain cyanide, which can be toxic to dogs in high amounts.


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In today's fast-paced world, effective communication plays a crucial role in personal and professional interactions. With the widespread use of mobile phones, having a well-managed phone number list is becoming increasingly essential for connecting with ease. Whether it's staying in touch with family and friends, managing business contacts, or conducting marketing campaigns, a comprehensive and well-organized phone number list can significantly enhance communication efficiency and effectiveness. This article explores the importance of maintaining a well-managed phone number list and how it can revolutionize the way we connect with others.
Centralizing Contact Information
A well-managed phone number list acts as a Bahamas Mobile Number List central repository for all essential contact information. Instead of scrambling through scattered notes or multiple digital platforms, having a single, well-organized list saves time and eliminates the frustration of finding the right contact at the right moment. This centralization ensures easy access to information, allowing for seamless communication.
Streamlining Personal and Professional Communications
Whether it's maintaining personal relationships BGB Directory or running a business. A well-managed phone number list streamlines personal and professional communications by categorizing contacts into groups. Such as family, friends, colleagues, clients, and suppliers. This segmentation enables targeted communication, ensuring the right message reaches the right audience promptly.
Improving Customer Relationship Management (CRM):
For businesses, a well-managed phone number list forms the backbone of an effective Customer Relationship Management (CRM) system. Tracking customer interactions, preferences, and feedback becomes more manageable when all relevant contact details are readily available. This, in turn, enhances customer satisfaction and helps businesses build lasting relationships with their clients.
Boosting Marketing and Outreach Efforts:
A well-managed phone number list serves as a powerful tool for marketing and outreach activities. Businesses can utilize this list for targeted SMS or voice campaigns, informing customers about promotions, new product launches, and events. By reaching out to a receptive audience, marketing efforts become more efficient, yielding higher engagement and conversion rates.
Enhancing Emergency Communication:
In emergencies or urgent situations, a well-managed phone number list can be a lifesaver. Whether it's disseminating critical information during a natural disaster, coordinating with team members in the workplace, or alerting community members to potential hazards, a comprehensive phone number list ensures that vital information reaches everyone promptly.
The power of a well-managed phone number list for effective communication cannot be underestimated. Whether for personal connections, business interactions, or emergency situations, having all your essential contact information organized in one place empowers you to communicate with ease and efficiency. By centralizing contact details, streamlining communication, and maximizing outreach efforts, a well-managed phone number list becomes an invaluable asset in the modern world of constant connectivity. So, take the time to invest in organizing and updating your phone number list. And experience the transformation it brings to your communication endeavors.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


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Author(s): E. Vermuyten; P. Meert; V. Wolfs; P. Willems
Linked Author(s): Patrick Willems
Keywords: No keywords
Abstract: Previous research has shown that intelligent control of hydraulic structures can strongly reduce flood consequences, in ideal circumstances. However, uncertainties can significantly impact the performance of real-time flood control strategies. For the Herk river case study in Belgium, this research aims to quantify the influence of the hydraulic model uncertainty. The flood control is for this case conducted by a combination of a Reduced Genetic Algorithm (RGA) and Model Predictive Control (MPC) as optimization method. First, the influence of the initial river model conditions and the length of the prediction horizon on the model accuracy are investigated. Next, the performance of the MPC-RGA technique with and without real-time model updating by means of data assimilation is evaluated. Preliminary results show that even a basic data assimilation technique can compensate for some performance loss due to model uncertainty.


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"Fuming" is a method of coloring wood by exposing it to ammonia fumes. In short, the wood and ammonia are sealed into a fuming chamber where the concentrated fumes react with the tannin in the wood and cause it to turn anywhere from a rich brown to almost black, depending on the length of exposure. The method became popular around the turn of the century, especially with Arts and Crafts furniture makers, who liked it because it evenly colored the quarter sawn white oak they favored. The process lives on, and is still considered the method of choice for Mission style furniture. And it's not all that difficult, although there a few important safety considerations. Below, Michael Dresdner explains the process – including how to protect yourself – in answer to a Woodworkers Journal eZine reader's question.
Q. "Fuming wood. It's a finishing technique used in Mission style furniture. What strength ammonia is required and where to obtain it? Does it require heat and how much heat? How long does the process take, and how much ammonia is required? Does anyone have any ideas for the "Fuming Chamber"?
A. Michael Dresdner: "Fuming is a dangerous process, so gear up with eye protection, respirator, and gloves. Suit up BEFORE you open the jug, or open the chamber. Use 35% solution ammonium hydroxide, which you can get from a chemical supply house or blueprint supplier (this is the ammonia used in blueprint machines — something becoming increasingly rare thanks to computer plotters.) The ammonia generates fumes that are trapped in a chamber — hence, very little is required, since a small amount will generate a good bit of fumes. One bowl will do a tented table or chair, and a gallon will do an entire chamber full of furniture. Naturally, it can be used again and again."
"The longer the furniture is in the chamber, the darker it gets. Typical schedules go from 12 hours (a very light fuming) to 72 hours (rather dark). Test scraps first.
"The temperature in the chamber not only affects speed of fuming, but also color. The hotter the chamber, the more reds it brings out. Colder chambers result in a more greenish brown. Make one section of the chamber of clear plastic, and shine a heat lamp into it. Remember, ammonia corrodes aluminum, so no electrical connections should be inside the chamber. You'll notice that when the air inside gets up to 80 or 82 degrees, the reaction goes faster and the colors get slightly redder."
"A simple chamber can be nothing more than a frame draped with clear or black 2 mil plastic. Make the frame of wood scraps or plastic pipe — anything that will hold up plastic and surround the piece you are fuming. Seal the plastic at the bottom with duct tape. (Obviously, don't fume on a wood floor — fuming works even through most finishes.) For a more permanent, reusable one, try one of those ubiquitous Rubbermaid storage sheds. Close it and seal up the edges and seams with duct tape."
From the Woodworker's Journal eZine Archives
You'll also find some great tips on fuming white oak in the Woodweb Knowledge Base. As a bonus, the discussion includes a glimpse of how they did things in the old days:
"There was this old story about fuming my grandfather told about oak and some other woods done in France. He said the work was interior installations of small stores. When the work was complete, everything inside the space was removed, and all windows and doors were sealed except one. This would be sealed from the outside. When it was sealed really tight, the finisher would set a big flat pan of ammonia on a metal grate, and light a real thick candle under it. Next morning he'd come by, check the color, make sure the candle was still lit, and wait for the right tint to the wood. (Ahh… the old tricks–who would care to hand stain an entire architectural molded interior space?)"
(We assume that wood fumers of years past used appropriate, government approved safety equipment as well – of course they did. – ed.)
If you have access to the Fine Woodworking magazine archives (a modest subscription fee is required) make sure you read Kevin Rodel's "Fuming with Ammonia" (FW # 126). You'll find a thorough explanation of the process and a look at how fuming works with species other than the traditional white oak. Marc Spagnuolo (aka the Wood Whisperer) offered his wood fuming method recently (see May 14). Note the emphasis, again, on taking the proper safety precautions.
Finally, if you want to learn Mission furniture making from start to finish, pick up a copy of The Furniture of Gustav Stickley. It covers the entire process, including how to fume your finished projects to the point of perfect authenticity.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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The design of optimal immigration policy, particularly in the face of the spiralling demand for highly skilled workers, such as IT workers and engineers, is a topical issue in the policy debate as well as the economic literature. In this paper, we present empirical evidence from firm level data collected in 2000 on the demand in Europe for highly skilled workers in general and abroad and their determinants. Major findings are that the fraction of highly skilled recruited from the international labour market is very small, and it seems that foreign and domestic workers are very similar in terms of formal education, that is subject of specialisation, and job characteristics. We suggest an efficiency wage model that can explain why firms recruit foreign workers in small numbers and are willing to pay migrants the same wage as local workers and at the same time are willing to pay for moving costs, for example, that are specific to immigrating workers.
migration labour demand firm data highly skilled workers globalization


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Schools and children from across Wimborne Academy Trust have been making daily visits to Wimborne Minster's Easter Experience week.
The youngsters from Allenbourne Middle, St Michael's Middle, St John's First and Witchampton First schools have learned the true story of Easter thanks to the event held at the town's well-known church.
CEO of Wimborne Academy Trust, Liz West, said: "This is one of the highlights of our year and we are very grateful to Wimborne Minster for inviting our children to this very special event.
"It is an incredibly moving experience for our children to be taken through the last few days of Jesus's life and understand why we celebrate Easter every year."
Organised by St John's Church, St Michael's Church and Wimborne Minster, the Easter Experience is a one hour session based around the story of Easter.
In the church are six story-telling stations, decorated to symbolise the Easter story, including Palm Sunday, the Last Supper, Jesus washing the Disciples' feet, Jesus in the Garden of Gethsemane and the Crucifixion.
Throughout the week church volunteers led groups of more than 400 students to each station and told them what happened at each of those momentous events in history.
The children also engaged in interactive activities, including re-creating the Last Supper.
Allenbourne Middle School teacher, Richard Wright, accompanied the children on the visit and said: "Having the Easter story re-told in such a special place as Wimborne Minster really made this a memorable occasion.
"The children were completely enraptured with the Easter story and it was a very thought provoking experience for them."
Wimborne Minster Church Warden, Deirdre Ashton, added: "It was a real joy to welcome the children. They behaved impeccably, showing interest and respect towards their surroundings.
"Most impressively, they participated and responded with imagination and sensitivity."
Wimborne Academy Trust was formed in 2015 and comprises Allenbourn Middle School, St Michael's Middle School, St John's First School, Hayeswood First School, Merley First School, Colehill First School and Witchampton First School.
All of its schools are rated Good or Outstanding.
Note to editors: For more information please contact Rachel Read, account director at Deep South Media, on 01202 534487.


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This is a jointly delivered programme between the Department of Economics at Trinity College Dublin and the Economic and Social Research Institute (ESRI). The Economic Policy programme of Trinity College Dublin is aimed students who do not have a background in economics or who wish to refresh their economics knowledge through a policy angle. This programme will enable graduates to engage with international and national economic research with relevance for Irish policy formation. It will cover a range of key policy areas including, but not limited to, health economics, housing, climate change, banking, regulation, behavioural economics, taxation and welfare.
This degree will provide you with a unique understanding of the complex challenges of contemporary governance, providing a real-world context to the policy-making skills you will develop
This is the only masters programme in Ireland which has been specifically designed for those working in the public sector and/or policy design and evaluation who do not have a background in Economics to allow them to better engage with international and national economic research with relevance for Irish policy formation. The combination of expertise from TCD's Economics Department and the policy focussed research at the ESRI provides a unique programme which combines technical and evaluation expertise applied to Irish policy challenges.
- Micro Economic Policy
- Macro Economic Policy
- Quantitative Methods for Economics
- Research Methods for Economics
- Applied policy evaluation
- Behavioural Economics
- 24 months
Start dates & application deadlines
- Apply before , EEA/EU
DisciplinesEconomics Econometrics Public Policy View 10 other Masters in Econometrics in Ireland
- Admission to the course is competitive. Applicants will be expected to have a level 8 Bachelor's degree at 2.1 or above in any discipline and five years policy experience.
- Applicants with less than five years experience or a level 7 qualification with eight years experience in a policy relevant area will be considered on a case by case basis by the Dean of Graduate Studies."
EU/EEA15000 EUR/yearTuition FeeBased on the tuition of 15000 EUR per year during 24 months.
Living costs for Dublin
Apply and win up to €10000 to cover your tuition fees.


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This depends very much on the type of application you run. If you've got applications which are very trigger-happy WRT syscalls you can expect to see high amounts of context switching. If most of your applications idle around and only wake up when there's stuff happening on a socket, you can expect to see low context switch rates.
System calls cause context switches by their very own nature. When a process does a system call, it basically tells the kernel to take over from it's current point in time and memory to do stuff the process isn't privileged to do, and return to the same spot when it's done.
When we look at the definition of the write(2) syscall from Linux, this becomes very clear:
write - write to a file descriptor
ssize_t write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t count);
write() writes up to count bytes from the buffer pointed buf to the file
referred to by the file descriptor fd. [..]
On success, the number of bytes written is returned (zero indicates
nothing was written). On error, -1 is returned, and errno is set
This basically tells the kernel to take over operation from the process, move up to
count bytes, starting from the memory address pointed at by
*buf to file descriptor
fd of the current process and then return back to the process and tell him how it went.
A nice example to show this is the dedicated game server for Valve Source based games, hlds. _URL_ shows one second worth of syscalls done by a single instance of a game server which had no players on it. This process takes about 3% CPU time on a Xeon X3220 (2.4Ghz), just to give you a feeling for how expensive this is.
Another source of context switching might be processes which don't do syscalls, but need to get moved off a given CPU to make room for other processes.
A nice way to visualize this is cpuburn. cpuburn doesn't do any syscalls itself, it just iterates over it's own memory, so it shouldn't cause any context switching.
Take an idle machine, start vmstat and then run a burnMMX (or any different test from the cpuburn package) for every CPU core the system has. You should have full system utilization by then but hardly any increased context switching. Then try to start a few more processes. You'll see that the context switching rate increases as the processes begin to compete over CPU cores. The amount of switching depends on the processes/core ratio and the multitasking resolution of your kernel.
linfo.org has a nice writeup on what context switches and system calls are. Wikipedia has generic information and a nice link collection on System calls.


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By a student of grade 6Everyone has ever seen himself in a distorting mirror. In some mirrors you are very fat, the other just makes you super long and another makes you get a big head! In this art class, the children draw themselves as if they are in front of a disorting mirror. Each drawing has to contain three persons: one in normal size, one as if you are bfore a disorting mirror that makes you thin, and one that makes you very fat.
- white drawing paper A4 size
- colour pencils
The constant height is very important in this drawing. If children draw themself in front of a disorting mirror, all limbs have to be on the same height as in the usual mirror. The thin figure should not be longer, and the fat one should not be shorter than the middle drawing.
Guide the children in dividing their drawing sheet. Thin is 1/6 part of the sheet, normal is 2/6 part of the sheet and fat is 3/6 part. Tell students to start with the normal person. The fat and thin person have to be drawn after this. Colour the drawing with colour pencils.


. If there are multiple audio, offer a list to the user and have them choose.
If that doesn't work…
 1. Look for a link element with a rel value of "enclosure".
 2. Look for a meta element property value of "og:audio".
 3. Look for audio elements and grab either the src attribute of the element itself, or the src attribute of any source elements within the audio element.
If that doesn't work…
 1. Try to find a link to an RSS feed (a link that looks like "rss" or "feed" or "atom").
 2. If there is a feed, parse that for enclosure elements and present that list to the user.
That covers 80-90% of use cases. There are still situations where the actual audio file for a podcast episode is heavily obfuscated—either with clickjacking JavaScript "download" links, or links that point to a redirection to the actual file.
If you have a podcast and you want your episodes to be sharable and huffduffable, you have a few options:
Have a link to the audio file for the episode somewhere on the page, something like:
download
That's the simplest option. If you're hosting with Soundcloud, this is pretty much impossible to accomplish: they deliberately obfuscate and time-limit the audio file, even if you want it to be downloadable (that "download" link literally only allows a user to download that file in that moment).
If you don't want a visible link on the page, you could use metadata in the head of your document. Either:
And if you want to encourage people to huffduff an episode of your podcast, you can also include a "huffduff it" link, like this:
huffduff it
You can also use?page=referer—that misspelling has become canonised thanks to HTTP.
There you go, my podcasting friends. However you decide to do it, I hope you'll make your episodes sharable.


Aharbal is a hill station in the south-western part of Kashmir Valley in Jammu and Kashmir, 75 km south of the state capital Srinagar. Aharbal lies in the Kulgam district's Noorabad area. It is located on the Veshu River, a tributary of the Jhelum River, in an alpine valley covered in pine and fir trees within the Pir Panjal mountains, 18 km It lies at an altitude of 2266 metres above sea level. Aharbal is known for its waterfall, Aharbal Falls, where the Veshu falls noisily 25 metres and 7 metres through a narrow gorge of granite boulders. Aharbal Falls are also referred to as the Niagara Falls of Kashmir, owing to the volume of the water that falls. The terraces leading to the falls are fenced, but care must be taken to avoid slipping. Aharbal is a base for adventure tourism. The Veshu River is stocked with trout. The fishing permit can be obtained from the Fisheries department stationed at Aharbal. The alpine meadow of Kungwatan lies at the halfway point of the two-day trek to the high-altitude Konsernag Lake, which is the source of the Veshu. Other activities include horse riding, photography, and skiing during winter.


text:
The Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN) is an instrument for evaluating the income of agricultural holdings and the impacts of the Common Agricultural Policy.
No bulk downloading. Material is available through a search interface:
There are also various PDF, DOC and other files available at:
Information on data can be found at:
Free to be re-used as long as attribution is given. The Copyright notice on the European Commission website states:
Reproduction is authorised, provided the source is acknowledged, save where otherwise stated.
Where prior permission must be obtained for the reproduction or use of textual and multimedia information (sound, images, software, etc.), such permission shall cancel the above-mentioned general permission and shall clearly indicate any restrictions on use.


text:
With the help of energy analysis suggested by McLaughlin and Scott for the sine-Gordon equation, evolution of kink velocity modeling the propagation of a local conformational perturbation along the DNA molecule under the simultaneous action of dissipation effects and special nonstationary external fields is investigated. For a harmonically time-dependent external force, the kink velocity is characterized by oscillations about a rather monotonically decreasing trend expressed by an explicit analytical formula. The trend velocity coincides with the results of calculations of the kink velocity averaged over the period on different time intervals. Similar results are obtained for a nonstationary force in the form of a step function. A numerical analysis, in particular, demonstrates that the trend velocity changes its behavior for certain values of rectangular pulse duration.
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Physics and Astronomy(all)


text:
In California, the CCEECE is committed to taking steps to address this issue, especially as it applies to leadership in our field of Early Care and Education (ECE). We have selected 15 Directors, Director Mentors and Mentor Teachers for the CCEECE Equity Leaders Fellowship in Early Care and Education. This fellowship is designed to help prepare the next generation of ECE supervisors and administrators serving children 0-5 and their families. Our hope is to disrupt the status quo to ensure that the ECE leadership across the state reflects the diverse population of children birth to five years of age and their families.
Goal of the Emerging Leaders Fellowship:
- To develop deep understanding of racial inequities, systemic disparities and the impact of structural, institutional, interpersonal and personal forms of oppression on children, families and communities and the workforce serving them;
- To consider and to act to eradicate inequitable policies and practices
- To prepare participants in both management and leadership skills and dispositions through in-depth, inquiry-based learning.
If you are a member, please follow the link to Live Binder for materials. If you have forgotten your Access Key, please email _EMAIL_.


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Terms Of Use
Terms Of Use
In these terms :
 1. a) 'Applicant' means anyone who is referred or about whom information is supplied to a Client. It includes someone who may have been known or referred to that Client before Instructions are given or the Introduction made.
 2. b) 'Client' means the person or persons to whom an Introduction is made. It includes anyone who asks DMA for an Introduction, gives Instructions or interviews and Applicant on behalf of a Client ('Client Intermediary')
 3. c) 'Engagement' means any contract under which (directly or indirectly) the Applicant agrees to provide services to or for the Client or at the Client's direction.
 4. d) 'Fee' means a sum equivalent to a percentage of the remuneration package, calculated at the rates set out in the 'Introduction Fees' document provided. It includes any additional fees that may have to be charged under Clauses 6 b) 2 and 4. The fee is exclusive of any VAT, which must be paid by the Client at the prevailing rate.
 5. e) 'Instructions' means information about the Engagement, the remuneration package or the Client's requirements concerning an Applicant's qualifications or experience.
f ) 'Introduction' means the referral of an Applicant or the provision of any information about an Applicant to a Client by DMA or any associate, subsidiary or agent of DMA.
 1. g) 'Losses' means any kind of loss, cost, expense, charge, damage, liability or claim whatsoever other than liability for death or personal injury caused by negligence.
 2. h) 'Remuneration package' means the total amount, before the deduction of tax, of the salary, fees, profit share or equivalent remuneration and all commissions, bonuses, allowances (including car allowances) and benefits of any kind in respect to the first year of the Engagement.
 1. a) All Instructions are accepted and every Introduction is made subject to these terms. An Introduction is made when a referral or any information about the Applicant arrives at the Client's office or is communicated to the Client intermediary, whichever is the earlier event.
 2. b) Giving instructions, arranging an interview with or requesting further information about or from the Applicant, is acceptance or and agreement to these terms by the Client.
 3. c) These terms are paramount. They prevail over any other terms or conditions which may conflict with their provisions or, but for this term, may have been incorporated into any agreement between DMA and the Client.
 1. a) An Introduction, and any information about an Applicant, is provided to the Client in strict confidence and for the purpose of considering whether it wishes to engage that Applicant. The Client must not disclose an Introduction or any information about an Applicant to anyone else. In particular, the Client must not approach an Applicant's current employer until the Client has made an offer of Engagement to that Applicant and has the Applicant's permission to do so.
 2. b) The Client must not re-introduce an Applicant to anyone else. If, within twelve months of the Introduction it does so, and this leads to a contract equivalent to an Engagement with someone other than the Client, the Client must pay the Fee as if there had been an Engagement under these terms (except that Clause 7 a will not apply), unless that other person pays DMA a sum equivalent to the Fee.
 1. a) DMA will use the due skill and care in locating and introducing Applicants. Beyond that, no other term or condition is to be implied concerning DMA's services. In particular, DMA does not warrant or make any representations about the suitability of, or the accuracy of any information concerning an Applicant (as this information comes from the Applicant or other sources outside DMA's control) and none is to be implied from anything DMA may undertake or provide.
 2. b) Any decision to proceed with an Introduction, enter into an Engagement or incur any expense is a matter for the Client. The Client agrees that the responsibility for assessing and ensuring an Applicant's suitability for an Engagement, including taking up or confirming references, educational background, medical history, or obtaining any work and other permits and assessing or confirming qualifications, remains with the Client at all times. The Client is strongly advised by DMA to, and agrees to, take any of the steps referred to before offering or entering in an Engagement.
 3. c) DMA, its subsidiaries, associates, staff and agents (for whom DMA acts for the purpose of this and the following provision) shall not be liable, on any basis, for any Losses arising from, caused by or connected with DMA's taking the Client's Instruction, the Introduction, the acts or omissions of an Applicant or an Engagement, even if an Applicant acts or has acted negligently, dishonestly or fraudulently.
 4. d) However, if despite the previous provision, a Court determines that, for any reason and on any basis, DMA or any of its subsidiaries, associates, staff or agents is liable to the Client for any Losses, their aggregate liability shall be limited to the Fee actually paid by the Client.
 1. a) The Client agrees
 2. To give DMA the Instructions it may require from time to time to assist it in locating and introducing Applicants.
 3. To act promptly, reasonably and in good faith (including not applying any discriminatory standards or practices) when deciding whether it wishes to engage an Applicant.
 4. Not to prevent or impede DMA from making an Introduction or otherwise earning and receiving the Fee in any way.
 5. To indemnify DMA against Losses it incurs as a result of the Client's delay in giving, changes in or failure to give adequate Instructions, or any breach of these terms by, or the negligence or other wrongful act, omission or statement of the Client.
 6. b) The Client intermediary warrants that he or she is duly authorised to agree these terms on behalf of the Client, give instructions and act for the Client in matters concerning the Introduction and Engagement.
The fee and all other payments must be made as follows:
 1. a) The Fee becomes payable by the Client if an Applicant accepts any offer of Engagement at any time within twelve months of the Introduction being made. However, a Fee is not payable if an Applicant accepts an offer but fails to commence the Engagement through no fault of the Client.
 2. b) The Client must:
 3. Notify DMA immediately an Applicant is offered an Engagement and provide full details of the remuneration package (and copies of any relevant contract and other documents if DMA so requests) and when a commencement date for the Engagement is agreed.
 4. Update DMA immediately if there is any change in the offered or agreed remuneration package or the commencement date. DMA reserves the right to adjust the Fee or require the payment of an additional fee if there is a change.
 5. Pay the Fee within 30 days of the Applicant's acceptance of an offer of Engagement, or within 14 days of the commencement of the Engagement, whichever is the earlier ('the payment date').
 6. If asked to do so, provide DMA with full details of the remuneration package actually received by or paid to the benefit of the Applicant for the first year of his or her Engagement (and copies of any relevant contract and other documents if DMA so requests). DMA reserves the right to charge an additional fee on the difference between the remuneration package and actually received (if it is higher) and thta used for the calculation of the Fee.
 7. c) DMA will calculate and invoice the Client for the Fee and for any other sum payable by the Client under these terms. Unless there is an obvious error in any calculation shown on any invoice, the invoiced sum will be final and binding as the sum due from the Client. It is absolutely essential that the Fee and any other invoiced sum is paid, without deduction, by the payment date or, if for any reason it is issued later that the payment date, within 15 days from the date of any invoice.
 8. d) The Client must not make any deduction from, or assert or exercise any set-off, lien or other right or claim against the Fee, any other invoiced sum or any interest that may become payable under clauses 6 e)1.
 9. e) If the Fee or any other invoiced sum is not paid within the time specified in Clause 6 c) ('the due date') and in full, then
 10. Interest shall be paid on any outstanding balance, for the first 30 days, at the rate of 5% above, and thereafter, at the rate of 8% above the Midland Bank's (or its successor's) prevailing base lending rate, that interest accruing daily from the due date until payment (whether before or after judgement) and, while any part of the balance or interest remains outstanding.
 11. DMA may give notice to the Client terminating or, at its option, suspending, in either case with immediate effect, its performance of and any of its obligations under this and any other agreement then in force between itself and the Client, until the outstanding balance and any interest has been paid in full. DMA will not incur any liability, upon any basis or for any reason, for any Losses resulting from, and the Client will indemnify DMA against any Losses it incurs as a result of, any termination or suspension. A termination or suspension will not release the Client


tion should be automatically activated when the computer starts. Click Forward.
5. Select Network to Network encryption (VPN), and click Forward.
6. Select the type of encryption to use: manual or automatic.
If manual is selected, an encryption key must be provided later in the process. If automatic is
selected, the racoon daemon is used to manage the encryption key. If racoon is used, the
ipsec-tools package must be installed. Click Forward to continue.
7. On the Local Network page, enter the following information:
Local Network Address The IP address of the device on the IPsec router connected to
the private network.
Local Subnet Mask The subnet mask of the local network IP address.
Local Network Gateway The gateway for the private subnet.
Click Forward to continue.
Figure 19-24. Local Network Information
144 Chapter 19. Network Configuration
8. On the Remote Network page, enter the following information:
Remote IP Address The publically addressable IP address of the IPsec router for the
other private network. In our example, for ipsec0, enter the publically addressable IP address
of ipsec1, and vice versa.
Remote Network Address The network address of the private subnet behind the
other IPsec router. In our example, enter 192.168.1.0 if configuring ipsec1, and enter
192.168.2.0 if configuring ipsec0.
Remote Subnet Mask The subnet mask of the remote IP address.
Remote Network Gateway The IP address of the gateway for the remote network address.
If manual encryption was selected in step 6, specify the encryption key to use or click Gen-
erate to create one.
Specify an authentication key or click Generate to generate one. It can be any combination
of numbers and letters.
Click Forward to continue.
Figure 19-25. Remote Network Information
9. Verify the information on the IPsec Summary page, and click Apply.
10. Select File => Save to save the configuration.
11. Select the IPsec connection from the list, and click the Activate button.
12. As root at a shell prompt, enable IP forwarding:
a. Edit /etc/sysctl.conf and set net.ipv4.ip_forward to 1.
b. Execute the following command to enable the change:
sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.conf
The network script to activate the IPsec connection automatically creates network routes to send pack-
ets through the IPsec router if necessary.
Refer to Section 19.14.3 Testing the IPsec Connection to determine if the IPsec connection has been
successfully established.
Chapter 19. Network Configuration 145
19.14.3. Testing the IPsec Connection
Use the tcpdump utility to view the network packets being transfered between the hosts (or networks)
and verify that they are encrypted via IPsec. The packet should include an AH header and should be
shown as ESP packets. ESP means it is encrypted. For example:
17:13:20.617872 pinky.example.com > ijin.example.com: \
AH(spi=0x0aaa749f,seq=0x335): ESP(spi=0x0ec0441e,seq=0x335) (DF)
19.14.4. Starting and Stopping the Connection
If the IPsec connection was not configured to activate on boot, start and stop it as root via the command
line.
To start the connection, execute the following command as root on each host for host-to-host IPsec
or each IPsec router for network-to-network IPsec (replace <ipsec-nick> with the one word
nickname configured earlier, such as ipsec0):
/sbin/ifup <ipsec-nick>
To stop the connection, execute the following command as root on each host for host-to-host IPsec
or each IPsec router for network-to-network IPsec (replace <ipsec-nick> with the one word
nickname configured earlier, such as ipsec0):
/sbin/ifdown <ipsec-nick>
19.15. Saving and Restoring the Network Configuration
The command line version of Network Administration Tool can be used to save the systems network
configuration to a file. This file can then be used to restore the network setting to a Red Hat Enterprise
Linux system.
This feature can be used as part of an automated backup script, to save the configuration before
upgrading or reinstalling, or to copy the configuration to a different Red Hat Enterprise Linux system.
To save, or export, the systems network configuration to the file /tmp/network-config, execute
the following command as root:
redhat-config-network-cmd -e > /tmp/network-config
To restore, or import, the network configuration from the file created from the previous command,
execute the following command as root:
redhat-config-network-cmd -i -c -f /tmp/network-config
The -i option means to import the data, the -c option means to clear the existing configuration prior
of importing, and the -f option specifies that the file to import is as follows.
146 Chapter 19. Network Configuration
Chapter 20.
Basic Firewall Configuration
Just as a firewall in a building attempts to prevent a fire from spreading, a computer firewall attempts
to prevent computer viruses from spreading to your computer and to prevent unauthorized users from
accessing your computer. A firewall exists between your computer and the network. It determines
which services on your computer remote users on the network can access. A properly configured
firewall can greatly increase the security of your system. It is recommended that you configure a
firewall for any Red Hat Enterprise Linux system with an Internet connection.
20.1. Security Level Configuration Tool
During the Firewall Configuration screen of the Red Hat Enterprise Linux installation, you were
given the option to enable a basic firewall as well as allow specific devices, incoming services, and
ports.
After installation, you can change this preference by using the Security Level Configuration Tool.
To start the application, select Main Menu Button (on the Panel) => System Settings => Security
Level or type the command redhat-config-securitylevel from a shell prompt (for example, in
an XTerm or a GNOME terminal).
Figure 20-1. Security Level Configuration Tool
Note
The Security Level Configuration Tool only configures a basic firewall. If the system needs to allow
or deny access to specific ports or if the system needs more complex rules, refer to the Red Hat
Enterprise Linux Reference Guide for details on configuring specific iptables rules.
Select one of the following options:
148 Chapter 20. Basic Firewall Configuration
Disable firewall Disabling the firewall provides complete access to your system and does no
security checking. Security checking is the disabling of access to certain services. This should only
be selected if you are running on a trusted network (not the Internet) or plan to do more firewall
configuration later.
Warning
If you have a firewall configured or any customized firewall rules in the /etc/sysconfig/iptables
file, the file will be deleted if you select Disable firewall and click OK to save the changes.
Enable firewall This option configures the system to reject incoming connections that are not in
response to outbound requests, such as DNS replies or DHCP requests. If access to services running
on this machine is needed, you can choose to allow specific services through the firewall.
If you are connecting your system to the Internet, but do not plan to run a server, this is the safest
choice.
Selecting any of the Trusted devices allows access to your system for all traffic from that device;
it is excluded from the firewall rules. For example, if you are running a local network, but are con-
nected to the Internet via a PPP dialup, you can check eth0 and any traffic coming from your local
network will be allowed. Selecting eth0 as trusted means all traffic over the Ethernet is allowed, but
the ppp0 interface is still firewalled. To restrict traffic on an interface, leave it unchecked.
It is not recommended that you make any device that is connected to public networks, such as the
Internet, a Trusted device.
Enabling options in the Trusted services list allows the specified service to pass through the fire-
wall.
WWW (HTTP)
The HTTP protocol is used by Apache (and by other Web servers) to serve webpages. If you
plan on making your Web server publicly available, enable this option. This option is not
required for viewing pages locally or for developing webpages. You must have the httpd
package installed to serve webpages.
Enabling WWW (HTTP) will not open a port for HTTPS, the SSL version of HTTP.
FTP
The FTP protocol is used to transfer files between machines on a network. If you plan on
making your FTP server publicly available, enable this option. The vsftpd package must be
installed for this option to be useful.
SSH
Secure Shell (SSH) is a suite of tools for logging into and executing commands on a
remote machine. To allow remote access to the machine via ssh, enable this option. The
openssh-server package must be installed to access


text:
We examine the driving forces behind farm households' decisions to adapt to climate change, and the impact of adaptation on farm households' food productivity. We estimate a simultaneous equations model with endogenous switching to account for the heterogeneity in the decision to adapt or not, and for unobservable characteristics of farmers and their farm. Access to credit, extension and information are found to be the main drivers behind adaptation. We find that adaptation increases food productivity, and that the farm households that did not adapt would benefit the most from adaptation.
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xp_sscanf (Transact-SQL)

Reads data from the string into the argument locations specified by each format argument.
Applies to: SQL Server (SQL Server 2008 through current version).
Topic link icon Transact-SQL Syntax Conventions

xp_sscanf { string OUTPUT , format } [ ,argument [ ,...n ] ]
string
Is the character string to read the argument values from.
OUTPUT
When specified, puts the value of argument in the output parameter.
format
Is a formatted character string similar to what is supported by the C-language sscanf function. Currently, only the %s format argument is supported.
argument
Is a varchar variable set to the value of the corresponding format argument.
n
Is a placeholder that indicates that a maximum of 50 arguments can be specified.
0 (success) or 1 (failure)
xp_sscanf returns the following message:
Command(s) completed successfully.
Requires membership in the public role.
The following example uses xp_sscanf to extract two values from a source string based on their positions in the format of the source string.
DECLARE @filename varchar (20), @message varchar (20);
EXEC xp_sscanf 'sync -b -fproducts10.tmp -rrandom', 'sync -b -f%s -r%s',
 @filename OUTPUT, @message OUTPUT;
SELECT @filename, @message;
Here is the result set.
-------------------- --------------------
products10.tmp random
System Stored Procedures (Transact-SQL)
General Extended Stored Procedures (Transact-SQL)
xp_sprintf (Transact-SQL)
Community Additions
ADD
Show:


text:
06 Oct 2022 Recommendation for the eIDAS toolbox
Eurosmart, the Voice of the Digital Security Industry, started working on digital identity topics in 1999 – long before the eIDAS Regulation was even enacted. The association has developed strong expertise in the field, including standardisation aspects.
In this new document, Eurosmart would like to focus on specific points that deserve attention in the context of the eIDAS toolbox. This document builds on the set of technical guidelines that Eurosmart prepared at the beginning of the year.
Eurosmart's recommendation concerns six topics:
- Security and data protection
- Specific functionalities of the Wallet that need to be considered in the design phase or for which there is a lack of standardisation
- The level of trust that relying parties can place in the attestations of attributes
- Gatekeepers' ecosystems
- Governance aspects
- The format of attestations of attributes
In addition, readers will find an Annexe that compiles standards per Wallet functionality.
For the eIDAS toolbox, the most relevant European standardisation working groups are CEN/TC 224/ WG 17 and WG 20) and ETSI TC ESI. Their past and ongoing work is particularly useful for the eIDAS toolbox and often mentioned in this paper.Eurosmart_recommendation_eIDAS_toolbox_FINAL


Cubist is an R port of the Cubist GPL C code released by RuleQuest at _URL_ See the last section of this document for information on the porting. The other parts describes the functionality of the R package.
Model Trees
Cubist is a rule-based model that is an extension of Quinlan's M5 model tree. A tree is grown where the terminal leaves contain linear regression models. These models are based on the predictors used in previous splits. Also, there are intermediate linear models at each step of the tree. A prediction is made using the linear regression model at the terminal node of the tree, but is "smoothed" by taking into account the prediction from the linear model in the previous node of the tree (which also occurs recursively up the tree). The tree is reduced to a set of rules, which initially are paths from the top of the tree to the bottom. Rules are eliminated via pruning and/or combined for simplification.
This is explained better in Quinlan (1992). Wang and Witten (1997) attempted to recreate this model using a "rational reconstruction" of Quinlan (1992) that is the basis for the M5P model in Weka (and the R package RWeka).
An example of a model tree can be illustrated using the Ames housing data in the modeldata package.
library(Cubist)
data(ames, package = "modeldata")
# model the data on the log10 scale
ames$Sale_Price <- log10(ames$Sale_Price)
set.seed(11)
in_train_set <- sample(1:nrow(ames), floor(.8*nrow(ames)))
predictors <-
 c("Lot_Area", "Alley", "Lot_Shape", "Neighborhood", "Bldg_Type",
 "Year_Built", "Total_Bsmt_SF", "Central_Air", "Gr_Liv_Area",
 "Bsmt_Full_Bath", "Bsmt_Half_Bath", "Full_Bath", "Half_Bath",
 "TotRms_AbvGrd", "Year_Sold", "Longitude", "Latitude")
ames$Sale_Price <- log10(ames$Sale_Price)
train_pred <- ames[ in_train_set, predictors]
test_pred <- ames[-in_train_set, predictors]
train_resp <- ames$Sale_Price[ in_train_set]
test_resp <- ames$Sale_Price[-in_train_set]
model_tree <- cubist(x = train_pred, y = train_resp)
model_tree
##
## Call:
## cubist.default(x = train_pred, y = train_resp)
##
## Number of samples: 2344
## Number of predictors: 17
##
## Number of committees: 1
## Number of rules: 11
summary(model_tree)
##
## Call:
## cubist.default(x = train_pred, y = train_resp)
##
##
## Cubist [Release 2.07 GPL Edition] Fri May 28 16:18:26 2021
## ---------------------------------
##
## Target attribute 'outcome'
##
## Read 2344 cases (18 attributes) from undefined.data
##
## Model:
##
## Rule 1: [107 cases, mean 0._PHONE_, range 0._PHONE_ to 0.725238, est err 0._PHONE_]
##
## if
## Year_Built <= 1952
## Central_Air = N
## Gr_Liv_Area <= 1692
## then
## outcome = 2._PHONE_ + 2.89e-05 Gr_Liv_Area - 0.0011 Year_Sold
## + 2e-05 Year_Built + 1.1e-06 Total_Bsmt_SF
## + 0.0003 Bsmt_Full_Bath
##
## Rule 2: [333 cases, mean 0._PHONE_, range 0._PHONE_ to 0._PHONE_, est err 0._PHONE_]
##
## if
## Neighborhood in {Old_Town, Edwards, Gilbert, Sawyer, Sawyer_West,
## Brookside, Iowa_DOT_and_Rail_Road, Timberland,
## South_and_West_of_Iowa_State_University}
## Year_Built <= 1952
## Central_Air = Y
## then
## outcome = 0._PHONE_ + 1.87e-05 Gr_Liv_Area + 0.00011 Year_Built
## + 3.4e-06 Total_Bsmt_SF + 0.0009 Bsmt_Full_Bath
## + 7e-08 Lot_Area
##
## Rule 3: [176 cases, mean 0._PHONE_, range 0._PHONE_ to 0._PHONE_, est err 0._PHONE_]
##
## if
## Neighborhood in {College_Creek, Edwards, Somerset, Northridge_Heights,
## Gilbert, Sawyer_West, Mitchell, Iowa_DOT_and_Rail_Road,
## Timberland, Clear_Creek, Meadow_Village, Briardale,
## Blueste, Landmark}
## Year_Built > 1952
## Total_Bsmt_SF <= 765
## Gr_Liv_Area <= 1692
## then
## outcome = 0.01018 + 0.00034 Year_Built + 1.79e-05 Gr_Liv_Area
## + 2.2e-06 Total_Bsmt_SF + 0.0006 Bsmt_Full_Bath
##
## Rule 4: [87 cases, mean 0._PHONE_, range 0._PHONE_ to 0._PHONE_, est err 0._PHONE_]
##
## if
## Neighborhood in {North_Ames, Crawford}
## Year_Built <= 1952
## Gr_Liv_Area <= 1692
## then
## outcome = 0._PHONE_ + 1.45e-05 Gr_Liv_Area + 7e-06 Year_Built
## + 4e-07 Total_Bsmt_SF
##
## Rule 5: [35 cases, mean 0._PHONE_, range 0._PHONE_ to 0._PHONE_, est err 0._PHONE_]
##
## if
## Neighborhood in {North_Ames, Old_Town, Sawyer, Northwest_Ames, Crawford,
## Green_Hills}
## Year_Built > 1952
## Total_Bsmt_SF <= 765
## Gr_Liv_Area <= 1692
## then
## outcome = 0._PHONE_ + 0.000232 Year_Built + 1.16e-05 Gr_Liv_Area
## + 8.4e-06 Total_Bsmt_SF + 0.0013 Bsmt_Full_Bath
##
## Rule 6: [1428 cases, mean 0._PHONE_, range 0._PHONE_ to 0._PHONE_, est err 0._PHONE_]
##
## if
## Neighborhood in {North_Ames, College_Creek, Old_Town, Edwards, Gilbert,
## Sawyer, Northwest_Ames, Sawyer_West, Mitchell,
## Iowa_DOT_and_Rail_Road, Timberland,
## South_and_West_of_Iowa_State_University,
## Meadow_Village, Veenker}
## Bldg_Type in {OneFam, TwoFmCon, TwnhsE}
## Year_Built <= 2004
## then
## outcome = 0._PHONE_ + 1.26e-05 Gr_Liv_Area + 0.000171 Year_Built
## + 7.2e-06 Total_Bsmt_SF + 1.8e-07 Lot_Area
##
## Rule 7: [54 cases, mean 0._PHONE_, range 0._PHONE_ to 0._PHONE_, est err 0._PHONE_]
##
## if
## Bldg_Type in {Duplex, Twnhs}
## Gr_Liv_Area > 1692
## then
## outcome = 0._PHONE_ + 1.48e-05 Gr_Liv_Area + 0.000151 Year_Built
## + 4.7e-06 Total_Bsmt_SF + 1.3e-07 Lot_Area
## + 0.0004 Bsmt_Full_Bath
##
## Rule 8: [997 cases, mean 0._PHONE_, range 0._PHONE_ to 0.74771, est err 0._PHONE_]
##
## if
## Year_Built > 1952
## Total_Bsmt_SF > 765
## Gr_Liv_Area <= 1692
## then
## outcome =


Tag Archives: Belgium
Meet Claire
Young woman in white shirt with stripes standing in front of a brick building with installation art of multicolored open umbrellas above
Clare Bickers '20, The First World War Letters of H.J.C. Peirs Student Research Assistant, 2019.
This fall, Claire Bickers '20 started work as a student research assistant. She is from Fort Mitchell, KY, and is majoring in history with minors in public history and writing. She hopes to broadening her knowledge of the First World War by working for The First World War Letters of H.J.C. Peirs.
Unlike our other assistants, Claire did not work with Jack's letters in any of her classes. She heard about the project through word of mouth and thought that it would be an opportunity to hone her research skills while learning more about the Great War. She is interested in the experiences of the individuals who fought, rather than the big picture, tactical history of the war. Claire lived with British students while studying abroad in the UK and brings that cultural familiarity to the project.
As a public historian, Claire has experience communicating historical ideas to a broad public audience. When _TAG_ travels to France and Belgium in May, Claire will engage the public through social media and help collect content for future mapping and analysis projects.
male professor and female student examine a photograph from the First World War
Dr. Ian Isherwood and Claire Bickers '20 examine a photograph from the H.J.C. Peirs Papers.


This documentation is archived and is not being maintained.
WorkflowApplication.Terminate Method (Exception)
Terminates a workflow instance using the specified exception.
Namespace: System.Activities
Assembly: System.Activities (in System.Activities.dll)
public void Terminate(
 Exception reason
)
Parameters
reason
Type: System.Exception
The reason for terminating the workflow instance.
This method schedules the termination of the workflow instance. To be notified when the termination has completed, use the OnCompleted() handle.
By default, the Terminate(Exception) operation must complete in 30 seconds or a TimeoutException is thrown.
The following example hosts a workflow using WorkflowApplication. A WorkflowApplication instance is constructed using the specified workflow definition, the desired workflow lifecycle events are handled, and the workflow is invoked with a call to Run(). After the workflow is started, Terminate(Exception) is called. When the workflow is terminated, the following output is displayed to the console.
Starting the workflow. Workflow e6b33409-f010-49f1-82ce-56f8baabe5e5 Terminated.Exception: System.ApplicationExceptionTerminating the workflow. Workflow e6b33409-f010-49f1-82ce-56f8baabe5e5 unloaded.
Activity wf = new Sequence
{
 Activities =
 {
 new WriteLine
 {
 Text = "Starting the workflow."
 },
 new Delay
 {
 Duration = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5)
 },
 new WriteLine
 {
 Text = "Ending the workflow."
 }
 }
};
// Create a WorkflowApplication instance.
WorkflowApplication wfApp = new WorkflowApplication(wf);
// Subscribe to any desired workflow lifecycle events.
wfApp.Completed = delegate(WorkflowApplicationCompletedEventArgs e)
{
 if (e.CompletionState == ActivityInstanceState.Faulted)
 {
 Console.WriteLine("Workflow {0} Terminated.", e.InstanceId);
 Console.WriteLine("Exception: {0}\n{1}",
 e.TerminationException.GetType().FullName,
 e.TerminationException.Message);
 }
 else if (e.CompletionState == ActivityInstanceState.Canceled)
 {
 Console.WriteLine("Workflow {0} Canceled.", e.InstanceId);
 }
 else
 {
 Console.WriteLine("Workflow {0} Completed.", e.InstanceId);
 // Outputs can be retrieved from the Outputs dictionary,
 // keyed by argument name.
 // Console.WriteLine("The winner is {0}.", e.Outputs["Winner"]);
 }
};
wfApp.Unloaded = delegate(WorkflowApplicationEventArgs e)
{
 Console.WriteLine("Workflow {0} unloaded.", e.InstanceId);
};
// Run the workflow.
wfApp.Run();
Thread.Sleep(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(1));
wfApp.Terminate(new ApplicationException("Terminating the workflow."));
.NET Framework
Supported in: 4
.NET Framework Client Profile
Supported in: 4
Windows 7, Windows Vista SP1 or later, Windows XP SP3, Windows Server 2008 (Server Core not supported), Windows Server 2008 R2 (Server Core supported with SP1 or later), Windows Server 2003 SP2
The .NET Framework does not support all versions of every platform. For a list of the supported versions, see .NET Framework System Requirements.
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Pain in Both Arms?
Pain in both arms can occur simultaneously due to vigorous exercise. Many people schedule arm strength training on one day, then leg and ab strength training on other days. While switching out is important, it does mean that one muscle group at a time will feeling burning and some pain. If you feel pain in both arms, be sure to stretch and warm up properly, even before light exercising. This will decrease the possibility of pulling a muscle and hurting the arms.
Q&A Related to "Pain in Both Arms?"
Depending on which arm and where the pain is located in the arm there could be a large number of causes. Everything from pulled muscles, pinched nerves, RSD, carpal tunnel, to cardiac
1. Identify the source of your arm pain. Typing, playing a musical instrument, or gardening can cause a painful repetitive motion injury. Tennis or golf athletes are prone to overuse
IF the pain is on the same side as your little finger, then you are having trouble with your ulnar nerve. Do you work at a job where your elbows are on the table all the time? If
Could be a brachial plexus injury. Symptoms: burning sensation shoo...
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Both your arm muscles could be aching due to the onset of rheumatoid arthritis or general fatigue. Rheumatoid arthritis is a condition that causes pain and swelling...
What can cause bilaterial soreness in both breast and under both arms?...
Symptoms of conditions that cause upper arm pain are sharp and stabbing pains or throbbing dull pains. There are many possible causes of upper arm pain including...


text:
Strict scrutiny is a form of judicial review that courts use to determine the constitutionality of certain laws. To pass strict scrutiny, the legislature must have passed the law to further a "compelling governmental interest," and must have narrowly tailored the law to achieve that interest. A famous quip asserts that strict scrutiny is "strict in name, but fatal in practice."
For a court to apply strict scrutiny, the legislature must either have significantly abridged a fundamental right with the law's enactment or have passed a law that involves a suspect classification. Suspect classifications have come to include race, national origin, religion, alienage, and poverty.
Compare to intermediate scrutiny and rational basis.
Definition from Nolo's Plain-English Law Dictionary
A legal standard to determine the constitutionality of a statute, used when the statute implicates a fundamental right or relates to a suspect classification under the equal protection clause (such as race). To determine if a statute passes the test, a court considers whether the government has a compelling interest in creating the law, whether the statute is "narrowly tailored" to meet the government's objectives, and whether there are less restrictive means of accomplishing the same thing. (See also: rational basis
Definition provided by Nolo's Plain-English Law Dictionary.
August 19, 2010, 5:25 pm


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I'm wondering if the following can be true: Let Y be a second countable space and $\pi_2:Y \times \mathbb{R}\rightarrow\mathbb{R}$ ($\mathbb{R}$ with its usual topology and $\pi_2$ the projection onto the second factor) be a closed map: do these assumptions imply that Y is compact? (There is no assumption $T_0$, $T_1$ or $T_2$ on $Y$.)
thank you in advance.
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2 Answers 2
up vote 3 down vote accepted
Let $(y_n)$ be a sequence in $Y$. Let $A$ be the subset of $Y \times \mathbf{R}$ of all points $(y_n, \frac{1}{n})$ for $n \in \mathbf{N}$, and let $B$ be its closure. Then $\pi_2[B]$ is closed in $\mathbf{R}$, and contains all points $\frac{1}{n}$, so it contains $0$. So for some $y \in Y$, $(y,0) \in B$. Using the countable base we can extract a subsequence of the $(y_n)$ that converges to $Y$ (as $Y$ is first countable in particular). We do then need that $y$ is in the closure of all subsequences of $(y_n)$ as well, which follows in a similar way, otherwise we cannot get (without separation axioms) a convergent subsequence from first countability alone. But this works.
So $Y$ is sequentially compact, which implies that $Y$ is countably compact (in the covering sense; no separation axioms needed) and as $Y$ is also Lindelöf, being second countable, $Y$ is compact.
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I assume that by compact, you mean quasi-compact (i.e. not necessarily Hausdorff but with the finite sucover property), otherwise any $Y$ with the coarsest topology would be a counterexample.
Then it seems that your notion is equivalent to pseudocompactness, namely that any continous $f:Y\to\mathbb{R}$ has compact image. I checked that quickly, so I may be wrong.
EDIT : indeed I am, see below. The property is slightly stronger than that.
(I haven't found a reference in MR, although I would bet it is an exercise in Bourbaki).
The idea is first to observe that the property remains the same if you substitute $\mathbb{R}$ with $[0,1]\simeq[-\infty,\infty]$, basically because any one is included in the other (up to homeo).
Then since the graph of a continuous $f:Y\to\mathbb{R}$ is closed, $f(Y)$ must be closed in $\mathbb{R}$ and also $[-\infty,\infty]$, hence bounded. Similarly, any lower/upper semi-continuous $f$ is lower/upper bounded and attains its inf/sup, since $f$ is lsc iff its "epigraph" $\{(y,t):f(y)\leq t\}$ is closed.
For the converse, if $F$ is closed in $Y\times[0,1]$, but not its projection $F_2$, one may assume that $0$ isn't in $F_2$ but is in its closure. Then the function $y\mapsto \inf t : (y,t)\in F $ is lower semi-continuous and doesn't attain its infimum $0$.
EDIT: pseudocompactness doen't imply that lsc functions attain their infimum in general (not completely regular) spaces : there is no way to construct a continuous function from an lsc one if there are "not enough" continuous functions. Your property is indeed stronger than pseudocompactness, as the particular point topology on $\mathbb N$ shows. This space is homeomorphic to $\mathrm{Spec}(\mathbb{Z})$ with Zariski topology : a discrete countable subspace (primes) plus a dense "generic point" (0). Any continuous function is constant (hence pseudocompactness), but a function $f$ is lsc iff $f\leq f(0)$!! (I checked that twice, it's so shocking!)
So your property is equivalent to "lsc real-valued functions attain their lower bound", which may have a name, I don't know. Maybe "strongly pseudocompact"?
By the way, pseudocompact doesn't imply (quasi-)compact, even for "nice" (completely regular) spaces, as is seen with the long line or simply the first uncountable ordinal $\omega_1$ (with order topology). There are also non-Hausdorff examples, see wikipedia article.
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I thought about the latter too, as all countably compact space satisfy the fact that the projection onto R is closed (we can replace R by any sequential space even). But of course I realized we cannot have a second countable (note that condition! the OP works in second countable spaces) counterexample, as a second countable space is Lindelöf, and a Lindelöf and countably compact is compact... So the standard examples do not work. I also don't see why we can replace R by [0,1]: closedness is not preserved by embedding... So please elaborate on that? – Henno Brandsma Jul 13 '10 at 16:38
This is the following lemma : If projection $Y\times Z_1\to Z_1$ is closed and $Z_2$ is a subspace of $Z_1$, then $Y\times Z_2\to Z_2$ is also closed. Proof: take $F$ closed in $Y\times Z_2$ the projection $G$ of its closure $\overline{F}$ in $Y\times Z_1$ is closed in $Z_1$, so $G\cap Z_2$ is closed in $Z_2$. But since $\overline{F}\cap(Y\times Z_2)=F$ (opens of subspace are traces of opens of ambient space), this is the projection of $F$. – BS. Jul 13 '10 at 18:31
And I overlooked the "second countable" hypothesis, which ruins my counterexamples. – BS. Jul 15 '10 at 9:50
Your Answer


Apart from supporting the Out-Of-The-Box conversations, Max supports the following functionalities:
Processing Indicators
 - Max provides numerous processing indications to manage user expectations while it is working on user inputs.
 - Max displays a thinking indication icon in the user interface while it's working on the user request.
 - Max displays courtesy messages such as "Just a moment", "Give me a sec", "Hang on for a second".
 - Max displays empathetic messages such as "Apologies, this is taken longer than expected, appreciate your patience" for requests that take longer than the usual amount of the time for processing.
Multi-intent workflows
Max allows the user to specify multiple intents in a single command. For example: create nda for Alpha Gas and send it to Bob Schank for signature.
Zero input workflows
 - Max makes smart on-the-spot-decisions on your behalf. For example:
 - Max picks the most frequently updated template and further filters it by user's existing template filter choices by incorporating the settings of the account, agreement or other objects.
 - Max picks the most frequently used document format for agreement documents in the last 30 days.
Ease of useMax provides easy to click quick action buttons, while also allowing the user to provide verbal inputs.
Mobile supportMax allows users to invoke the conversation via a mobile browser or the embedded Max plugin from the native SFDC app on both iPhone and Android devices.
Voice dictationMax allows users to provide input using the inbuilt keyboard dictation on iPhone and Android devices.
Handling unsupported intents
Handling unsupported intents: Max understands the popular workflows that it cannot handle. For such workflows, it displays the appropriate help to guide you accordingly. Example: You ask Max to "create an account", Max responds with the below message:
I'm sorry! I'm not able to create accounts for you at this point. You can find instructions on how to create an account here: Managing Accounts in SalesForce. If you'd like me to be able to do this for you, you can reach out to your Max Admin and the Conga team by clicking here.
Contextual help
Max understands the context of the user conversation and responds with the correct help text. For examples of Contextual Help, refer to Contextual Help.
Provide FeedbackYou can provide feedback to Max at any stage in your conversation. To provide feedback, type Feeback or Provide Feedback in Max chat window. Max asks you whether your feedback is positive or negative. Based on your feedback, Max asks you to provide details about what you liked and what you disliked. After providing your feedback, Max navigates you back to your conversation.
All major conversation steps provide you with the following options:
 - Proceed: User can respond affirmatively and proceed with the action
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 - End: Ends the conversation by typing "Bye"
Quick Answers
 If you ask a specific question such as "what is the expiration date of the Google quote?", Max provides a quick answer with a generated sentence answering your query as below:
 The Valid Until Date for Google Dec-2018 is Fri Dec 14 2018Here are the details of the quote: .....
Yes/No Questions
If you ask Max a specific yes/no question such as "Is the Google quote accepted?", Max provides a quick yes/no answer with a generated sentence answering your query as follows:
Yes, The Google quote is Accepted.
Response Relevance
When a user asks for specific fields from quotes that satisfy a certain search criterion, Max includes both the fields that are selected and the fields used for filtering the results, in addition to the default fields that are normally displayed.
Conversational AnalyticsAll workflow steps, parameter selections, user utterances, workflow anomalies are logged as part of conversational analytics. This data is used as the raw material to study usage trends, usability and other issues that help improve Max.
Proactive GreetingIn the embedded mode, Max proactively greets you when you click the Max pop-up window.
Proactive tips
 Max offers proactive tips to the user based on the conversation context.
For example:
Let's get started! What can I do for you?
 - You can create an agreement by saying: 'create an nda and send it to John Snow for signature'
 - You can search for agreement(s) by saying: 'help me find the last NDAs I created on 08/01/2018'
 - You can search for fields within agreements by saying: 'show me the ACV of the last MSA I created, and also list the start date and duration'
 - You can search for quote(s) by saying: 'help me find the last quote I created in 2018'
 - You can search for fields within quotes by saying: 'show me the amount of the last quote I created, and also show me the expiration date


text:
The Irian Jaya training RAP was made possible with funding from the Smart Family Foundation, The MacArthur Foundation, and USAID.
Special thanks to CI's Irian Jaya and Indonesia programs, the University of Cenderawasih, the Irian Jaya Environmental Foundation, and Dewan Adat Mamberamo Raya.
Irian Jaya Training Rapid Assessment Program (RAP)
The biological diversity of Irian Jaya is extremely high and unique, but virtually unstudied. To collect biodiversity data to fill this knowledge gap and contribute to conservation planning, CI's RAP program is conducting its second expedition to Irian Jaya. On this expedition they will also conduct a training course for local scientists.
Expert biologists will train Indonesian participants in rapid biodiversity assessment methods for six taxonomic groups. The hands-on training course will lead to an actual scientific survey of birds, insects, freshwater fish, mammals, herpetofauna and vegetation.
Yongsu and the Mamberamo River basin, Irian Jaya, Indonesia
Located in the western portion of the world's highest and largest tropical island, Irian Jaya is considered the last great rainforest wilderness in Indonesia. The province's range of altitudes (from sea level to the highest mountains in the Asia-Pacific region) helps to create an extraordinary array of ecosystems, biodiversity, and endemic species (those species found nowhere else in the world).
This island treasure is at risk, however, from land conversion, which is ascribed to logging, transmigration, plantation agriculture, mining, oil and gas operations, the introduction of alien (non-native) species, and infrastructure projects such as dams and roads.
August 19 - September 15, 2000
From August 19 to August 30, more than 20 participants will take part in the training course. Then six participants will join the expert biologists in the Mamberamo River basin to conduct a rapid biodiversity assessment from September 1-15.
August 19-30, 2000: Yongsu Research Camp
August 31, 2000: Jayapura
September 1-7, 2000: Furu River Site in the Mamberamo River Basin
September 8-15, 2000: Tiri River Site in the Mamberamo River Basin
September 16-18, 2000: Sentani
International Team of Scientists and Indonesian Participants Conservation biologists from Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, Australia, the Netherlands, and the United States will teach participants from Indonesian universities, non-government organizations (NGOs), and government organizations. Meet the team >>
Objectives of the Biological RAP training in Irian Jaya
- To build capacity among Indonesian biologists in methods for rapid biological assessments, in data analysis and in report preparation.
- To collect biological data, which is currently severely lacking, and to build an understanding of ecological processes and biodiversity of Irian Jaya and the Mamberamo River basin specifically.
- To create a framework for further conservation recommendations about the areas surveyed to decision-makers.
- To publish the results and make them available to decision-makers, stakeholders, scientists, and other interested parties.
LEARN MORE: Find more information about RAP training and adventures studying biodiversity.


text:
Fire Safe is a 10-session one-to-one cognitive behavioural programme aimed at medium/high-risk offenders aged between 12 and 17 years old.
The programme is based on a model of change (suggested in the theory model within the scheme programme) and covers:
- cognitive behavioural skills.
- education and fire awareness.
- family involvement (where appropriate).
Young people are referred to this programme through a youth Referral Order, which means that they have been charged with the offence of arson. They are required to attend all sessions with their case worker.
Each Fire Safe session is led by a trained Fire Safe practitioner from our Community Safety team.