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Encyclopedia - Hun
'Hun' was a derogatory nickname used primarily by the British and Americans - officers rather than men - during the First World War to describe the German Army, e.g. "the Huns attacked at dawn".
The origin of the term dated back to the Boxer Rebellion (_PHONE_); in despatching his troops to China Kaiser Wilhelm II instructed them in a speech to behave like the Huns of old and to wreak vengeance ("let the Germans strike fear into the hearts, so he'll be feared like the Hun").
The term was widely used by Allied propaganda to suggest the worst kind of conduct from the German 'Huns', crushing neutral nations and imposing brutal rule upon conquered peoples.
A 'Woolly Bear' comprised a German shrapnel shell, which burst with a cloud-like explosion.
- Did you know?


Definitions for
Overview of verb deform
The verb deform has 6 senses? (no senses from tagged texts)
1. deform
(make formless; "the heat deformed the plastic sculpture")
2. contort, deform, distort, wring
(twist and press out of shape)
3. flex, bend, deform, twist, turn
4. deform
(become misshapen; "The sidewalk deformed during the earthquake")
5. deform, distort, strain
(alter the shape of (something) by stress; "His body was deformed by leprosy")
6. change shape, change form, deform
(assume a different shape or form) © 2001-2013, Demand Media, all rights reserved. The database is based on Word Net a lexical database for the English language. see disclaimer
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logical connectives AND OR NOT to make compound comparisons using the same inputs. (The first two take an array of comparisons.)
 - Both inputs enumerate all object fields, both scalar and object.
 - The prop mapped to the name characteristic (if any) is skipped since you can filter by field name.
"<Type> comparisons, single-value fields"
input <Type>_Where {
 "Check by id" ID: [ID!]
 "Conjunction of <Type> comparisons" AND: [<Type>_Where!]
 "Disjunction of <Type> comparisons" OR: [<Type>_Where!]
 "Negation of <Type> comparison" NOT: <Type>_Where
 # for each single-value field (scalar except "name", or object):
 "<single_field> comparisons" single_field: <single_field_Type>_Where
 # for each multi-value field (scalar, or object):
 "<multi_field> comparisons" multi_field: <multi_field_Type>_Where_Multi
}
"<Type> comparisons, multi-value fields"
input <Type>_Where_Multi {
 "Check by id" ID: [ID!]
 "Conjunction of <Type> comparisons" AND: [<Type>_Where_Multi!]
 "Disjunction of <Type> comparisons" OR: [<Type>_Where_Multi!]
 "Negation of <Type> comparison" NOT: <Type>_Where_Multi
 "ForAll for <Type>" ALL: <Type>_Where_Multi
 "ForAll and Exists for <Type>" ALL_EXISTS: <Type>_Where_Multi
 # for each single-value field (scalar except "name", or object):
 "<single_field> comparisons" single_field: <single_field_Type>_Where
 # for each multi-value field (scalar or object):
 "<multi_field> comparisons" multi_field: <multi_field_Type>_Where_Multi
}
For every scalar type we also generate two input objects.
 - Similarly to the above, one is for single-value fields, the other for multi-value fields.
 - They also add the appropriate logical connectives.
 - NOT is excluded at this level because you can use negation at the operator level (e.g., NIN is the negation of IN).
 - They enumerate the appropriate comparison operators for that scalar. For example, Int and Date have the following comparisons:
"Int comparisons, single-value fields"
input Int_Where {
 "Equal to Int" EQ: Int
 "Not equal to Int" NEQ: Int
 "In list of Int" IN: [Int!]
 "Not in list of Int" NIN: [Int!]
 "Less than Int" LT: Int
 "Less or equal to Int" LTE: Int
 "Greater than Int" GT: Int
 "Greater or equal to Int" GTE: Int
 "Conjunction of Int comparisons" AND: [Int_Where!]
 "Disjunction of Int comparisons" OR: [Int_Where!]
}
"Int comparisons, multi-value fields"
input Int_Where_Multi {
 "Equal to Int" EQ: Int
 "Not equal to Int" NEQ: Int
 "In list of Int" IN: [Int!]
 "Not in list of Int" NIN: [Int!]
 "Less than Int" LT: Int
 "Less or equal to Int" LTE: Int
 "Greater than Int" GT: Int
 "Greater or equal to Int" GTE: Int
 "Conjunction of Int comparisons" AND: [Int_Where_Multi!]
 "Disjunction of Int comparisons" OR: [Int_Where_Multi!]
 "ForAll for Int" ALL: Int_Where_Multi
 "All and Exists for Int" ALL_EXISTS: Int_Where_Multi
}
 - Finally, String and ID have the additional comparison operators RE IRE NRE NIRE:
"String comparisons, single-value fields"
input String_Where {
 "Equal to String" EQ: String
 "Not equal to String" NEQ: String
 "In list of String" IN: [String!]
 "Not in list of String" NIN: [String!]
 "Less than String" LT: String
 "Less or equal to String" LTE: String
 "Greater than String" GT: String
 "Greater or equal to String" GTE: String
 "Regex match" RE: String
 "Case-insensitive regex match" IRE: String
 "Regex mismatch" NRE: String
 "Case-insensitive regex mismatch" NIRE: String
 "Conjunction of String comparisons" AND: [String_Where!]
 "Disjunction of String comparisons" OR: [String_Where!]
}
"String comparisons, single-value fields"
input String_Where_Multi {
 "Equal to String" EQ: String
 "Not equal to String" NEQ: String
 "In list of String" IN: [String!]
 "Not in list of String" NIN: [String!]
 "Less than String" LT: String
 "Less or equal to String" LTE: String
 "Greater than String" GT: String
 "Greater or equal to String" GTE: String
 "Regex match" RE: String
 "Case-insensitive regex match" IRE: String
 "Regex mismatch" NRE: String
 "Case-insensitive regex mismatch" NIRE: String
 "Conjunction of String comparisons" AND: [String_Where_Multi!]
 "Disjunction of String comparisons" OR: [String_Where_Multi!]
 "ForAll for String" ALL: String_Where_Multi
 "All and Exists for String" ALL_EXISTS: String_Where_Multi
}
Where Examples: Persons and Articles
Now that you are familiar with the grammar of where queries, let's look at more complex examples. We start with some examples about articles and persons.
 - persons with some article with rating>=4, ordered by name
{person (where: {article: {rating: {GTE:4}}} orderBy: {name:ASC}) {
 name}}
 - same, but also return those articles, ordered by title
{person (where: {article: {rating: {GTE:4}}} orderBy: {name:ASC}) {
 id name
 article (where: {rating: {GTE:4}} orderBy: {title:ASC}) {
 id title}}}
 - person by name, and his articles
{person (where: {name: {EQ: "A.U.Thor"}}) {
 id
 article {id name}}}
 - persons named "smith" (case insensitive)
{person (where: {name: {IRE:"smith"}}) {
 id name}}
 - articles whose titles start with Pizza (case-sensitive)
{article (where: {title: {RE:"^Pizza"}}) {
 id title}}
 - persons named "smith" who wrote any article with "pizza" in the title (case-insensitive)
{person (where: {name: {IRE:"smith"}
 article: {title: {IRE:"pizza"}}}) {
 name
 article {title}}}
Where Examples: Star Wars
Below are some examples that you can try on Ontotext's Star Wars API demo service. See the blog post A New Hope: The Rise of the Knowledge Graph (Navigating through the Star Wars universe with knowledge graphs, SPARQL and GraphQL) for an explanation of the data model.
You can compare these to similar queries at the GraphCool SWAPI.
 - find ships with cargo capacity between 110 and 150 tons:
{starship (where: {cargoCapacity: {GTE:110, LTE:150}}) {
 name cargoCapacity}}
 - find ships that have only tall pilots (over 180cm), have at least one such pilot, and return all their pilots:
{starship (where: {ALL_EXISTS: {pilot: {height: {GT:180}}}}) {
 name
 pilot {name height}}}
 - we can express this in a more verbose manner through double negation (for ALL) and repeating the clause (for EXISTS). In the above case the Platform optimizes in the second clause: it looks for EXISTS pilot but does not expand the condition further ({height: {GT:180}}). This optimization is not possible if you write out the second clause in full.
{starship (where: {NOT: {pilot: {NOT: {height: {GT:180}}}}
 pilot: {height: {GT:180}}}) {
 name
 pilot {name height}}}
 - find ships that have pilots that also drive a vehicle whose name contains "a", and return all those ships, pilots and vehicles. Unfortunately we need to repeat the same sub-condition in the ship, pilot and vehicle filters (unlike field fragments, there are no "filter fragments" to let us reuse filters):
{starship (where: {pilot: {vehicle: {name: {IRE: "a"}}}}) {name
 pilot (where: {vehicle: {name: {IRE


text:
To run PingTime from your browser you will need to enter a URL such as:
For OpenView on Unix
For OpenView on NT
where CiscoRouterIP is the IP address of the Cisco router to use as the test source.
TestIP1 TestIP2 etc is a list of IP addresses to test response times from this router.
In the example below, 10.1.1.12 is the router and the other addresses are the targets to test.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


Definitions of subjective
 1. ( philosophy) of a mental act; occurring entirely within the mind
 2. Relating to the subject, as opposed to the object; pertaining to the conscious subject as distinct from the object in itself; characterized by the individuality of the author.
 3. Pertaining to the subject as opposed to the object; relating to, or derived from, one's own consciousness; based upon one's own feelings; as, a subjective view of life.
 4. Relating to the subject: derived from one's own consciousness: denoting those states of thought or feeling of which the mind is the conscious subject, opposed to objective.
 5. Subjectiveness, subjectivity.
 6. Relating to the subject; derived from one's own consciousness, in distinction from external observation; in the phil. of mind, subjective denotes what is to be referred to the thinking subject, objective what belongs to the object of thought.
 7. That which is due to external conditions.
 8. Subjectively.
 10. Perceived by the individual only and not evident to the examiner, noting certain symptoms, such as pain.
 11. Relating to the subject; pertaining to consciousness or to conscious mind.
 12. taking place within the mind and modified by individual bias; " a subjective judgment"
 13. of a mental act performed entirely within the mind; " a cognition is an immanent act of mind"
 15. Of or pertaining to a subject.
Quotes of subjective
 1. Does not the very word 'creative' mean to build, to initiate, to give out, to actrather than to be acted upon, to be subjective Living photography is positive in its approach, it sings a song of lifenot death. – Berenice Abbott
 2. I have a problem when people say something's real or not real, or normal or abnormal. The meaning of those words for me is very personal and subjective I've always been confused and never had a clearcut understanding of the meaning of those kinds of words. – Tim Burton
 3. Sexual harassment is complex, subtle, and highly subjective – Kathie Lee Gifford
 4. I mean, the competition is really created by the buzz around the Emmys. It's a totally subjective thing. – Michael C. Hall
 5. Most Americans in both red and blue states reject and resent the message being sent by Hollywood and some in the media that values are subjective to be defined by the individual and not by God. – Trent Lott
 6. It is psychological law that whatever we desire to accomplish we must impress upon the subjective or subconscious mind. – Orison Swett Marden
 7. The essayist has to follow a certain intellectual pattern. The novelist has the advantage of using fantasy, of being subjective – Manuel Puig
 8. No sane person should believe that something is subjective merely because it cannot be settled beyond controversy. – Hilary Putnam
 11. Those objecting to the concept of race argue that the taxonomic definitions are arbitrary and subjective – J. Philippe Rushton
 12. Modern culture is constantly growing more objective. Its tissues grow more and more out of impersonal energies, and absorb less and less the subjective entirety of the individual. – Georg Simmel
 13. I'm more concerned with getting them to find and strengthen their original voice as writers rather than imposing my own subjective tastes, judgements or sensibility on the project. – Douglas Wood
 14. The distinguishing characteristics of mind are of a subjective sort; we know them only from the contents of our own consciousness. – Wilhelm Wundt
Usage examples for subjective
 1. The name man is caused by the adname whatever to be twofold subjective case, from its denoting, of itself, one person as the subject of the two remarks. " – The Grammar of English Grammars by Goold Brown
 2. And, if one is to venture into more speculative and subjective arguments, I find it rather hard to think of any lyric poet except Euripides who could have written the Adrasteia chorus or the lines about the Nightingale in the Watchers' Song; of any playwright except Euripides who would have ended a play of gallant martial adventure with the vision of a solitary mother clasping her dead son. " – The Rhesus of Euripedes by Euripedes
 3. In some cases a triviality of thought, the everyday wisdom that is too dull not to seem calm and disinterested, comes to represent the artistic condition in which the subjective side has quite sunk out of sight. " – Thoughts Out of Season (Part II) by Friedrich Nietzsche
 4. These ideas, being then transferred to his subjective mind, exert an unwholesome influence upon his bodily functions. " – Primitive Psycho-Therapy and Quackery by Robert Means Lawrence
 5. What of this new and astonishing revelationnew and astonishing to him, at any ratethat love, to a woman, is not a mere decoction of bliss administered by a powerful and benevolent male, but a highly complicated universe of subjective illusions in which the lover is only dimly seen as a necessary but disturbing phantom of gross and agonizing ineptitudes? " – Command by William McFee
 6. He is an idea, a belief, which gives meaning to our ethical life, a subjective necessity. " – Preaching and Paganism by Albert Parker Fitch
 7. The original and elementary subjective fact in society is the consciousness of kind, writes Professor Giddings,... " – by
 8. It was an argument from the utility of beliefs to their truth; from the fact that certain subjective convictions produced good results, to the correspondence of such convictions with objective reality. " – The Faith of the Millions (2nd series) by George Tyrrell
 9. " I have made endless experiments on this point, and by no effort of the imagination can I persuade myself, when looking at a colour, that the colour is in my mind, and not at a " distance off," though of course I know perfectly well, as a matter of reason, that colour is subjective – Critiques and Addresses by Thomas Henry Huxley
 10. Living more or less in a subjective universe, our rambles in thought were better tonics than medicine to him. " – Edgar Saltus: The Man by Marie Saltus
 11. " Spenser a Subjective Poet. " – Halleck's New English Literature by Reuben P. Halleck
 12. We have seen that everything turns on the obligation of our subjective part to act within the limits of the suggestion which has been most deeply impressed upon it. " – The Creative Process in the Individual by Thomas Troward
 13. Still, the alteration was not wholly in herself; it was not wholly subjective – The Old Wives' Tale by Arnold Bennett
 14. We recognize in our experience two distinct orders, the objective order, the system of phenomena which constitutes the material world, and the subjective order, the order of things mental, to which belong sensations and " ideas." " – An Introduction to Philosophy by George Stuart Fullerton
 15. It is too utterly subjective to please you. " – The Life of Froude by Herbert Paul
 16. It will be observed that for lack of any tangible evidence he very properly makes use of subjective reasoning. " – The Dramatic Values in Plautus by Wilton Wallace Blancke
 17. But under the influence of love she plunges into herself, as it were, and her life for the time being is purely subjective – What Dreams May Come by Gertrude Franklin Horn Atherton
 18. Nor is this as easy as it might appear; for, as we saw in our study of the emotions, our feeling attitude toward any object that occupies the mind is largely responsible for the subjective value we place upon it. " – The Mind and Its Education by George Herbert Betts
 19. As the work progresses through the different years, the subjective and creative sides are more and more emphasized, and the study of objects is felt to be merely a means necessary to an end. " – Text Books of Art Education, Book IV (of 7) by Hugo B. Froehlich Bonnie E. Snow


text:
Karolyn Smardz Frost is an accomplished author of lively and intriguing narrative non-fiction. A native of Toronto, Canada, she now lives with her husband, Norm, in beautiful Wolfville, Nova Scotia, where the view from her front porch encompasses the Minas Basin of the Bay of Fundy.
Both an archaeologist and an historian, in 1985 Karolyn directed the excavation of the first Underground Railroad site ever dug in Canada. It was the Toronto home of freedom-seekers Thornton and Lucie Blackburn, who had made their way to Canada from Louisville, Kentucky. In 2007, Karolyn won the Governor General's Award for her biography of the Blackburns. I've Got a Home in Glory Land: A Lost Tale of the Underground Railroad was the first entirely original fugitive slave biography published since the Civil War.
Karolyn's co-edited A Fluid Frontier: Slavery, Resistance, and the Underground Railroad in the Detroit River Borderland (2016), which won the Historical Society of Michigan Book Award. Her newest volume, Steal Away Home (HarperCollins Canada 2016) tells the intriguing tale of Cecelia Jane Reynolds, who at the age of fifteen fled her Louisville owners by way of the Cataract House hotel at Niagara Falls NY. A finalist for the Atlantic Book and Heritage Toronto Awards, Steal Away Home won the Speaker's Award for the Legislative Assembly of Ontario, and the J.J. Talman Award for the best book in Ontario history over the past three years.
Right now she is working with the University of Buffalo Archaeology Lab and the Underground Railroad Heritage Commission of Niagara Falls, New York, on the excavation of the Cataract House hotel.
An adjunct professor at both Acadia and Dalhousie Universities in Nova Scotia, Karolyn was the Bicentennial Visiting Professor for Canadian History at Yale University in 2012-2013. She holds a PhD in the history of Race, Slavery and Imperialism from the University of Waterloo, a Master's in Classics, and a BA in Archaeology.
The most exciting news yet is that Steal Away Home has been optioned for a five-part mini-series by Conquering Lion Pictures, which made Book of Negroes for television!


text:
Yes, you can grow plants on a boat. In fact, it's quite easy to do with the right type of soil and light. You will need to water and fertilize your plants regularly to keep them healthy while you're on the open water.
If you're interested in growing plants on your boat, there are a few things to consider.
First, what type of plants do you want to grow? There are many options available, from fruits and vegetables to flowers and herbs. You can also choose to grow potted plants or install an aquaponics system.
What kind of plants can you grow on a boat?
On boats, you can grow a lot of different kinds of plants. This is possible if you have the right kind of soil and light. You will need to water and fertilize your plants regularly to keep them healthy.
Some plants that can be grown on boats include vegetables, fruits, herbs, and flowers. Each type of plant will have different requirements in terms of soil and light. You will need to research what each plant needs in order to thrive.
How to grow plants on a boat
You can grow plants on a boat. You can grow different kinds of plants, depending on the light and soil you have. You will need to water and feed your plants regularly to keep them healthy.
To grow plants on a boat, you need:
Follow these steps to grow plants on your boat:
1. Choose the right soil for your plant. Different plants need different types of soil. You can use potting mix, garden soil, or sand.
2. Place your plant in a sunny spot on your boat. Make sure it gets at least six hours of sunlight every day.
3. Water your plants regularly. They will need more water in hot weather and less in cold weather.
4. Feed your plants every two weeks with a fertilizer designed for plants.
With a little care, you can grow healthy plants on your boat.
What type of soil is best for growing plants on a boat
Soil is an important part of growing plants. There are many different types of soil, and each one has its own set of benefits and drawbacks. The type of soil you use will depend on the climate and environment where you live.
In a marine environment, like on a boat, you will need to use soil that can withstand high levels of salt and moisture. There are special soil mixes made for growing plants in saltwater environments. These mixes can be found at most gardening stores.
How to water plants on a boat
Watering plants on a boat can be a little tricky, since you may not have a lot of access to fresh water. Here are some tips for watering your plants:
- Make sure to water your plants regularly, especially if you're not able to access fresh water often.
- Use a watering can or spray bottle to evenly distribute water to your plants.
- If possible, try to collect rainwater or use gray water from dishes to water your plants.
- Avoid using salt water to water your plants, as this can damage them.
What type of light is best for growing plants on a boat
There are a few things to consider when it comes to the best type of light for growing plants on a boat. One is the intensity of the light. The other is the wavelength of the light. And finally, you need to consider the distance from the light source to the plant.
The intensity of light can be measured in terms of lux. The higher the number of lux, the more intense the light. Plants, need a certain amount of light to photosynthesize and produce food. But too much light can be harmful to plants. That's why you need to find a balance when it comes to the intensity of light for your plants.
The wavelength of light is also important for plants. They need light in the right wavelength in order to photosynthesize properly. Too much or too little of a certain wavelength can be harmful to plants.
Finally, you need to consider the distance from the light source to the plant. If the light source is too far away, then the plant will not be able to photosynthesize properly.
But if the light source is too close, then the plant can get burned. So you need to find a balance when it comes to the distance from the light source to the plant.
In general, the best type of light for growing plants on a boat is sunlight. Sunlight has the right intensity and wavelength of light that plants need to photosynthesize properly.
And the distance from the sun to the plant is just right. But you can also use artificial lights if you can't get sunlight. Just make sure that the artificial lights have the right intensity and wavelength of light. And that they are at the right distance from the plant.
How to fertilize plants on a boat
Fertilizing plants on a boat can be a challenge since you often don't have access to traditional soil and fertilizer. However, there are a few things you can do to keep your plants healthy.
One option is to use liquid fertilizers. These can be diluted and sprayed directly onto the plants' leaves. Another option is to use slow-release fertilizers, which can be added to the water used to irrigate the plants.
Whichever type of fertilizer you use, make sure to follow the manufacturer's instructions carefully. Over-fertilizing can damage your plants, so it's important to get the proportions right.
How to protect plants from pests on a boat
Just as with plants on land, plants on boats can be susceptible to pests and diseases. To protect your plants from pests, you can use organic or synthetic pesticides.
Be sure to read the label carefully and follow the instructions for safe use. You can also use physical barriers to protect your plants from pests, such as netting or row covers.
Keep an eye out for signs of pests or diseases, such as holes in leaves or discolored patches. If you see any signs of pests or diseases, isolate the affected plant from the rest of your plants and contact a professional for treatment options.
So, you want to grow plants on a boat? It can be done! You just need to make sure that you have the right conditions for your plants and follow some simple steps for keeping them healthy.
The type of soil, light, water, and fertilizer you use will all depend on the plants you choose to grow. Make sure to protect your plants from pests by using natural methods or pesticides as needed. With a little bit of effort, you can create a beautiful garden oasis on your boat that will bring life and color to your travels. What type of plants are you going to try growing on your boat?


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Let $A$ be a finite, Abelian, additive group. Let $A^{*} = Hom(A, \mathbb{Q}/\mathbb{Z})$ denote the group of homomorphisms $f$ from $A$ to $\mathbb{Q}/\mathbb{Z}$. Take for granted that $A^{*}$ is an Abelian group (I have already proved this). Prove that $A$ is isomorphic to $A^{*}$ if $A$ is cyclic.
share|improve this question
What's the group operation on $A^*$? $(f \cdot g)(a) = f(a) \cdot g(a)$? – Clive Newstead Oct 30 '12 at 18:30
That is indeed the case! – user44069 Oct 30 '12 at 18:36
add comment
1 Answer
up vote 2 down vote accepted
Hint: If $A$ is cyclic, and $a$ generates it, then every homomorphism $f:A\to G$ is completely determined by $f(a)$.
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Your Answer


Set a default area code or country code
You can use smart dialing to set a default area code and country code that's applied automatically to the contacts that you call, so you don't have to include a country code or area code with phone numbers that you add to the Contacts app.
 2. Tap Settings > Smart Dialing.
 3. Do any of the following:
 - To change the default country code, tap Country Code. Tap a country.
 - To change the default area code, in the Area Code field, type an area code.


text:
Urban explorer Moses Gates recounts 10 years of urban adventuring in Hidden Cities: Travels to the Secret Corners of the World's Great Metropolises. The memoir follows Gates' journey into urban exploration, from his start in the subways of New York City to his expeditions in the catacombs of Paris and beyond. The book is available on Amazon.
Gates is a new breed of adventurer for the 21st century. He thrives on the thrill of seeing what others do not see, let alone even know exists. It all began quite innocuously. After moving to New York City and pursuing graduate studies in Urban Planning, he began unearthing hidden facets of the city—abandoned structures, disused subway stops, incredible rooftop views that belonged to cordoned-off buildings. At first it was about satiating a nagging curiosity; yet the more he experienced and saw, the more his thirst for adventure grew, eventually leading him abroad. In this memoir of his experiences, Gates details his travels through underground canals, sewers, subways, and crypts, in metropolises spanning four continents.
via John Law


The Moduli Space of Elliptic Curves
A moduli space is a kind of "parameter space" that "classifies" mathematical objects. Every point of the moduli space stands for a mathematical object, in such a way that mathematical objects which are more similar to each other are closer and those that are more different from each other are farther apart. We may use the notion of equivalence relations (see Modular Arithmetic and Quotient Sets) to assign several objects which are in some sense "isomorphic" to each other to a single point.
We have discussed on this blog before one example of a moduli space – the projective line (see Projective Geometry). Every point on the projective line corresponds to a geometric object, a line through the origin. Two lines which have almost the same value of the slope will be closer on the projective line compared to two lines which are almost perpendicular.
Another example of a moduli space is that for circles on a plane – such a circle is specified by three real numbers, two coordinates for the center and one positive real number for the radius. Therefore the moduli space for circles on a plane will consist of a "half-volume" of some sort, like 3D space except that one coordinate is restricted to be strictly positive. But if we only care about the circles up to "congruence", we can ignore the coordinates for the center – or we can also think of it as simply sending circles with the same radius to a single point, even if they are centered at different points. This moduli space is just the positive real line. Every point on this moduli space, which is a positive real number, corresponds to all the circles with radius equal to that positive real number.
We now want to construct the moduli space of elliptic curves. In order to do this we will need to first understand the meaning of the following statement:
Over the complex numbers, an elliptic curve is a torus.
We have already seen in Elliptic Curves what an elliptic curve looks like when graphed in the xy plane, where x and y are real numbers. This gives us a look at the points of the elliptic curve whose coordinates are real numbers, or to put it in another way, these are the real numbers x and y which satisfy the equation of the elliptic curve.
When we look at the points of the elliptic curve with complex coordinates, or in other words the complex numbers which satisfy the equation of the elliptic curve, the situation is more complicated. First off, what we actually have is not what we usually think of as a curve, but rather a surface, in the same way that the complex numbers do not form a line like the real numbers do, but instead form a plane. However, even though it is not easy to visualize, there is a function called the Weierstrass elliptic function which provides a correspondence between the (complex) points of an elliptic curve and the points in the "fundamental parallelogram" of a lattice in the complex plane. We can think of "gluing" the opposite sides of this fundamental parallelogram to obtain a torus. This is what we mean when we say that an elliptic curve is a torus. This also means that there is a correspondence between elliptic curves and lattices in the complex plane.
We will discuss more about lattices later on in this post, but first, just in case the preceding discussion seems a little contrived, we elaborate a bit on the Weierstrass elliptic function. We must first discuss the concept of a holomorphic function. We have discussed in An Intuitive Introduction to Calculus the concept of the derivative of a function. Now not all functions have derivatives that exist at all points; in the case that the derivative of the function does exist at all points, we refer to the function as a differentiable function.
The concept of a holomorphic function in complex analysis (analysis is the term usually used in modern mathematics to refer to calculus and its related subjects) is akin to the concept of a differentiable function in real analysis. The derivative is defined as the limit of a certain ratio as the numerator and the denominator both approach zero; on the real line, there are limited ways in which these quantities can approach zero, but on the complex plane, they can approach zero from several different directions; for a function to be holomorphic, the expression for its derivative must remain the same regardless of the direction by which we approach zero.
In previous posts on topology on this blog we have been treating two different topological spaces as essentially the same whenever we can find a bijective and continuous function (also known as a homeomorphism) between them; similarly, we have been treating different algebraic structures such as groups, rings, modules, and vector spaces as essentially the same whenever we can find a bijective homomorphism (an isomorphism) between two such structures. Following these ideas and applying them to complex analysis, we may treat two spaces as essentially the same if we can find a bijective holomorphic function between them.
The Weierstrass elliptic function is not quite holomorphic, but is meromorphic – this means that it would have been holomorphic everywhere if not for the "lattice points" where there exist "poles". But it is alright for us, because such a lattice point is to be mapped to the "point at infinity". All in all, this allows us to think of the complex points of the elliptic curve as being essentially the same as a torus, following the ideas discussed in the preceding paragraph.
Moreover, the torus has a group structure of its own, considered as the direct product group \text{U}(1)\times\text{U}(1) where \text{U}(1) is the group of complex numbers of magnitude equal to 1 with the law of composition given by the multiplication of complex numbers. When the complex points of the elliptic curve get mapped by the Weierstrass elliptic function to the points of the torus, the group structure provided by the "tangent and chord" or "tangent and secant" construction becomes the group structure of the torus. In other words, the Weierstrass elliptic function provides us with a group isomorphism.
All this discussion means that the study of elliptic curves becomes the study of lattices in the complex plane. Therefore, what we want to construct is the moduli space of lattices in the complex plane, up to a certain equivalence relation – two lattices are to be considered equivalent if one can be obtained by multiplying the other by a complex number (this equivalence relation is called homothety). Going back to elliptic curves, this corresponds to an isomorphism of elliptic curves in the sense of algebraic geometry.
Now given two complex numbers \omega_{1} and \omega_{2}, a lattice \Lambda in the complex plane is given by
\Lambda=\{m\omega_{1}+n\omega_{2}|m,n\in\mathbb{Z}\}
For example, setting \omega_{1}=1 and \omega_{2}=i, gives a "square" lattice. This lattice is also the set of all Gaussian integers. The fundamental parallelogram is the parallelogram formed by the vertices 0, \omega_{1}, \omega_{2}, and \omega_{1}+\omega_{2}. Here is an example of a lattice, courtesy of Alvaro Lozano-Robledo:
fundamental_parallelogram
The fundamental parallelogram is in blue. Here is another, courtesy of Sam Derbyshire:
200px-lattice_torsion_points-svg
Because we only care about lattices up to homothety, we can "rescale" the lattice by multiplying it with a complex number equal to \frac{1}{\omega_{1}}, so that we have a new lattice equivalent under homothety to the old one, given by
\Lambda=\{m+n\omega|m,n\in\mathbb{Z}\}
where
\displaystyle \tau=\frac{\omega_{2}}{\omega_{1}}.
We can always interchange \omega_{1} and \omega_{2}, but we will fix our convention so that the complex number \tau=\frac{\omega_{2}}{\omega_{1}}, when written in polar form \tau=re^{i\theta} always has a positive angle \theta between 0 and 180 degrees. If we cannot obtain this using our choice of \omega_{1} and \omega_{2}, then we switch the two.
Now what this means is that a complex number \omega, which we note is a complex number in the upper half plane \mathbb{H}=\{z\in \mathbb{C}|\text{Im}(z)>0\}, because of our convention in choosing \omega_{1} and \omega_{2}, uniquely specifies a homothety class of lattices \Lambda. However, a homothety class of lattices may not always uniquely specify such a complex number \tau. Several such complex numbers may refer to the same homothety class of lattices.
What \omega_{1} and \omega_{2} specify is a choice of basis (see More on Vector Spaces and Modules) for the lattice \Lambda; we may choose several different bases to refer to the same lattice. Hence, the upper half plane is


text:
Botswana Politic map show the international boundaries, districts and town councils boundaries with their capitals and national capital.
Maps show Where is Botswana locate in the World.
Find the outline map of Botswana displaying the major boundaries displaying the major boundaries.
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Find Botswana latitude and longitude map show comprehensive details including city, roads, town, airport and much more.
Physic Maps of Botswana show mountain ranges, platea, river, plains, etc.
This map locates main airport in Botswana. Capitals and major city have also been marked for convenience.
The map displays major stock exchange places in Botswana.
Find Mineral map of Botswana show major mineral locations in Botswana.
Botswana road map show all the major roads, streets and highways.
Maps show the rail network of Botswana.
Maps shows various river flows and water bodies across the Botswana country.
Botswana Map To Travel, Botswana Map To Holidays, Botswana Map, Map of Botswana, Botswana Map, History of Botswana, Botswana History, Botswana Culture, Botswana Profile, Botswana Information, Botswana Economy, Botswana Map For City, Botswana Map For Road, Botswana Map For Rivers.
Botswana Map for Over the course of the following months the comet would have slowly moved toward and under the western ish the Circlet of Pisces. FIG The Christ Comet on November , BC it has passed Saturn on its way toward Jupiter and the Sun. The comet icon is generic and is not intended to convey anything about the comet's size in outer space. Image credit Sirscha Nicholl. According to our orbit, one striking aspect of the comet's movement within the dome of the sky during the year when it irst appeared was a conjunction with Jupiter under the belly of the western ish equated with the stars and Piscium in the constellation of Pisces with respect to zodiacal sign, it was crossing from Aquarius to Pisces. On the western horizon shortly after sunset between January and February , BC, the comet would have been within degree of the King Planet. Our orbit suggests that the comet came to about half a degree from Jupiter on February By February , the date when Jupiter made its last appearance in the western sky, the comet was about a degree from it. Botswana Map 2016.


React-Native – Citibikes app
Navigation in React-Native (Tab and Stack base Navigation)
Objectives
We have seen navigation in React Native via the navigation stack, namely createStackNavigator. For a review on how it works see createStackNavigator.
Today we will be building upon this knowledge to create a Tab based navigation hierarchy.
createBottomTabNavigator
A simple tab bar on the bottom of the screen that lets you switch between different routes. Routes are lazily initialized — their screen components are not mounted until they are first focused.
export default createBottomTabNavigator({
 Home: HomeScreen,
 Settings: SettingsScreen,
})
The app we will be building is a Citibikes app. The app will use the citibikes api to get bike station information along with real-time data on the availability of bikes at a Station.
Endpoints
Bike Station Information: _URL_
Real time status on bike availability: _URL_
CitiBikeAPI.js
The CitiBikeAPI has two functions one fetches the bike station infomation from Citibike API. In the for..in statement we construct a station object which will hold a coordinate object needed by the MapView's Marker component and the bike station object.
The bikeStationStatus fetches the real time bike status information from Citibike API.
Complete Implementation
export function bikeStationInformation() {
 return fetch('_URL_
 .then(response => response.json())
 .then(jsonData => {
 const data = jsonData['data']
 const results = data['stations']
 let objects = []

 for(let index in results) {
 let object = {
 station: results[index],
 coordinate: {
 latitude: results[index].lat,
 longitude: results[index].lon,
 }
 }
 objects.push(object)
 }
 return objects
 })
 .catch(err => console.error(err))
}
export function bikeStationStatus() {
 return fetch('_URL_
 .then(response => response.json())
 .then(jsonData => {
 const data = jsonData['data']
 const stationsStatus = data['stations']
 return stationsStatus
 })
 .catch(err => console.error(err))
}
App.js
In App.js the RootStack is setting up a Tab Bar Style Architecture. The List route holds a ListStack object which itself is a Navigation Stack. There are two tab routes: the List tab bar and the Map tab bar.
Imports being used here are createStackNavigator and createBottomTabNavigator from the third party library, react-navigation. For the tab bar icons we use Ionicons from the react-native-vector-icons library. We import our own custom function from the CitiBikeAPI.js, namely the bikeStationInformation and bikeStationStatus functions. The are three routes (screens) in our app.
 - BikeStationsListScreen: the first tab bar which consist of a FlatList of station items
 - BikeStationsMapScreen: the second tab bar which is a MapView with station annotations
 - StationDetailsScreen: shows a MapView with a Marker of the selected station
Complete Implementation
import React, { Component } from 'react';
// import 3rd Party libraries
import { createStackNavigator } from 'react-navigation'
import { createBottomTabNavigator } from 'react-navigation'
import Ionicons from 'react-native-vector-icons/Ionicons'
// import our cutom functions
import { bikeStationInformation, bikeStationStatus } from './helpers/CitiBikeAPI'
// import screen components
import BikeStationsListScreen from './screens/BikeStationsListScreen';
import BikeStationsMapScreen from './screens/BikeStationsMapScreen';
import StationDetailsScreen from './screens/StationDetailsScreen';
const ListStack = createStackNavigator({
 List: BikeStationsListScreen,
 Details: StationDetailsScreen
})
const RootStack = createBottomTabNavigator(
 {
 List: ListStack,
 Map: BikeStationsMapScreen
 },
 {
 // Setting up the tab bar icons for the List and Map Screens
 navigationOptions: ({ navigation }) => ({
 tabBarIcon: ({ focused, tintColor }) => {
 const { routeName } = navigation.state
 let iconName
 if (routeName === 'List') {
 iconName = 'ios-list${focused ? '' : '-outline'}'
 } else if (routeName === 'Map') {
 iconName = 'ios-map${focused ? '' : '-outline'}'
 }
 return <Ionicons name={iconName} size={27} color={tintColor} />
 },
 }),
 tabBarOptions: {
 activeTintColor: 'tomato',
 inactiveTintColor: 'gray',
 },
 }
)
// The one component our App returns is the RootStack component which we have defined to be a bottom tab navigator
export default class App extends Component {
 render() {
 return(
 <RootStack />
 )
 }
}
BikeStationsListScreen.js
Complete Implementation
import React, { Component } from 'react'
import { View,
 FlatList,
 Text,
 StyleSheet } from 'react-native'
// import 3rd party libraries
import { SearchBar } from 'react-native-elements'
// import function
import { bikeStationInformation } from '../helpers/CitiBikeAPI'
// The navigationOptions is where further customization can be done for the screen component
// Here the Navigation screen title is being set.
export default class BikeStationsListScreen extends Component {
 // A stations array is declared as part of our state variables
 constructor(props) {
 super(props)
 this.state = {
 stations: [],
 }
 }
 // The componentDidMount view cycle makes a call to fetch all the Citibike stations in New York City.
 // The stations array is then set with the result of the promise
 // A filteredStations temp array is used for search filtering
 // The query variable here is used to clear the searchBar when the clear button is pressed
 componentDidMount() {
 super.componentDidMount
 bikeStationInformation()
 .then((results) => {
 let objects = []
 for(let index in results) {
 objects.push(results[index].station)
 }
 this.setState({
 stations: objects,
 filteredStations: objects,
 query: '',
 })
 })
 }
 static navigationOptions = {
 title: 'CitiBike Locations',
 }
 // The renderItemSeperator returns a View component to the ItemSeparatorComponent to render a line between items in the
 // FlatList
 renderItemSeperator() {
 return <View style={{backgroundColor:'lightgray', height:0.5}} />
 }
 // The filterSearch function takes a single String argument and does a filter on the stations and updates the FlatList
 filterSearch = (word ) => {
 this.setState({
 query: word,
 filteredStations: this.state.stations.filter((station) => station.name.toLowerCase().includes(word.toLowerCase()))
 })
 }
 render() {
 return (
 <View>
 {/* Since react-native does not have a native SearchBar component we will use react-native-elements SearchBar. */}
 <SearchBar
 lightTheme
 round
 clearIcon={{color: 'gray'}}
 placeholder='search for bike location'
 onChangeText={(searchText) => this.filterSearch(searchText)}
 autoCapitalize='none'
 autoCorrect={false}
 onClear={() => this.setState({query: ''})}
 value={this.state.query}
 />
 {/* The FlatList gets its data from the fetch API to get all Citibike stations */}
 {/* <View style={{backgroundColor:'red', height:'100%', width:'100%'}}></View> */}
 <FlatList
 data={this.state.filteredStations}
 renderItem={({item}) => <Text
 style={styles.item}
 onPress={() => this.props.navigation.navigate('Details', {
 station: item
 })}
 >
 {item.name}
 </Text>}
 // A unique key is needed here we will use the station_id
 keyExtractor={item => item.station_id}

 // Expects a component that will render between items in the FlatList
 ItemSeparatorComponent={this.


How to copy file to s3 with aws cli example
This brief post will show you how to copy file or files with aws cli in several different examples. It will cover several different examples like:
 - copy files to local
 - copy files from local to aws ec2 instance
 - aws lambda python copy s3 file
You can check this article if you need to install and download files with S3 client on Linux Mint or Ubuntu: How to Download Files from S3 Bucket with AWS CLI on Linux Min
Step 1: Copy files to local with aws cli
One the S3 client is installed and correctly configured(check the link above). You can copy files from a S3 bucket to your local machine by command:
aws s3 cp
and example would be
aws s3 cp s3://some-space_bucket/my-file.txt.
The command above will copy the file located on bucket - s3://some-space_bucket/my-file.txt on the current working folder.
Step 2: Copy files to local with different AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID and AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY
What about if you like to get files from a bucket which has different AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID and AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY from the configured one. And you don't like to store them on your machine.
In this case you can use the next command to copy files with custom keys:
AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID=xxx AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY=xxx aws s3 cp s3://some-space_bucket/my-file.txt.
Step 3: Copy files from local to S3 bucket
If you need to copy a local file from your local machine to aws instance then you can use the next syntax:
aws s3 cp
or as example:
aws s3 cp./test.txt s3://some-space_bucket/my-file.txt
This will copy the local file test.txt from the current working folder to the bucket path: s3://some-space_bucket/my-file.txt
Step 4: Python aws lambda to copy S3 file(s)
If you need to create a aws lambda to copy files from S3 buckets you can check: Using an Amazon S3 trigger to invoke a Lambda function
The Python lambda to copy files is:
import json
import urllib.parse
import boto3
print('Loading function')
s3 = boto3.client('s3')
def lambda_handler(event, context):
 # Get the object from the event and show its content type
 key = urllib.parse.unquote_plus(event['Records'][0]['s3']['object']['key'], encoding='utf-8')
 response = s3.get_object(Bucket=bucket, Key=key)
 return response['ContentType']
 except Exception as e:
 print('Error getting object {} from bucket {}. Make sure they exist and your bucket is in the same region as this function.'.format(key, bucket))
 raise e
Step 5: Python aws lambda to copy S3 file from one bucket to other
If you need to copy files from one bucket to another with a aws lambda you can use next Python snippet:
import boto3
import json
s3 = boto3.resource('s3')
def lambda_handler(event, context):
 bucket = s3.Bucket('some-space_bucket-1')
 dest_bucket = s3.Bucket('some-space_bucket-2')
 for obj in bucket.objects():
 dest_key = obj.key
 s3.Object(, dest_key).copy_from(CopySource = {'Bucket': obj.bucket_name, 'Key': obj.key})
This will copy all files from some-space_bucket-1 to bucket some-space_bucket-2
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Execute like Reed when faced with an uneven lie
Patrick Reed captured his first PGA Tour victory Sunday in the Wyndham Championship by defeating Jordan Spieth in a two-hole playoff.
What will be remembered by most from Reed's win will be the potential shot of the year he hit during the playoff.
Narrowly avoiding out of bounds with his tee shot on the second playoff hole, Reed was left with his ball under trees and well above his feet.
Reed, however, was able to pull off a miracle shot, getting the ball to within 7 feet of the hole.
Uneven lies are extremely common throughout a round of golf, and I often hear players asking what to do when they have a particular lie on the course.
Here are few things you need to know the next time you are forced to hit a shot from anything but a flat lie:
- Ball above your feet: Remember that when the ball is above your feet, you will have the tendency to pull the shot. So a right-handed golfer should aim a little to the right to compensate for a slight pull.
- Ball below your feet: The exact opposite is true when the ball is below your feet. Right-handed players will tend to push the ball to the right of their target. Whether the ball is above or below your feet, make sure you take an extra practice swing to find the bottom of your swing. In other words, rehearse hitting the ground with the club the way you would want to hit the ball.
- Uphill lie: When you are faced with an uphill lie, remember that loft is effectively being added to the club. Depending on the severity of the lie, you may need to use one or two extra clubs. Remember to fight gravity and get your weight to the front foot when you finish your swing.
- Downhill lie: Again, the opposite is true when faced with a downhill lie. Loft is effectively reduced so you may need less club depending on the lie's severity. The most important key to remember on uphill or downhill lies is to try and match your shoulders to the slope of the ground, which allows the club to make good contact with the ground.
Take an online lesson with Tyrus York.


text:
Emissions from a Legacy Diesel Engine Exercised through the ACES Engine Test Schedule
Most transient heavy duty diesel emissions data in the USA have been acquired using the Federal Test Procedure (FTP), a heavy-duty diesel engine transient test schedule described in the US Code of Federal Regulations. The FTP includes both urban and freeway operation and does not provide data separated by driving mode (such as rural, urban, freeway). Recently, a four-mode engine test schedule was created for use in the Advanced Collaborative Emission Study (ACES), and was demonstrated on a 2004 engine equipped with cooled Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR). In the present work, the authors examined emissions using these ACES modes (Creep, Cruise, Transient and High-speed Cruise) and the FTP from a Detroit Diesel Corporation (DDC) Series 60 1992 12.7 liter pre-EGR engine. The engine emissions were measured using full exhaust dilution, continuous measurement of gaseous species, and filter-based Particulate Matter (PM) measurement.


> Docs Center > IDL Reference > Advanced Math and Stats > IMSL_HYPOTH_TEST
IMSL_HYPOTH_TEST
IMSL_HYPOTH_TEST
The IMSL_HYPOTH_TEST function performs tests for a multivariate general linear hypothesis HβU = G given the hypothesis sums of squares and crossproducts matrix SH.
This routine requires an IDL Advanced Math and Stats license. For more information, contact your sales or technical support representative.
IMSL_HYPOTH_TEST computes test statistics and p-values for the general linear hypothesis HβU = G for the multivariate general linear model.
The hypothesis sum of squares and crossproducts matrix input in scph is:
where C is a solution to RTC = H and where D is a diagonal matrix with diagonal elements:
Error sum of squares and crossproducts matrix for model Y = Xβ + ε is:
which is input in IMSL_MULTIREGRESS. The error sum of squares and crossproducts matrix for the hypothesis HβU = G computed by IMSL_HYPOTH_TEST is:
Let p equal the order of the matrices SE and SH, i.e.:
Let q (stored in dfh) be the degrees of freedom for the hypothesis. Let v (input in info_v) be the degrees of freedom for error. The IMSL_HYPOTH_TEST function computed three test statistics based on eigenvalues λi (i =1 , 2, ... p) of the
generalized eigenvalue problem SHx = λSEx. These test statistics are as follows:
Wilk's lambda:
The associated p-value is based on an approximation discussed by Rao (1973, p. 556). The statistic:
has an approximate F distribution with pq and mspq/2 + 1 numerator and denominator degrees of freedom, respectively, where:
and:
The F test is exact if min(p, q) ≤ 2 (Kshirsagar, 1972, Theorem 4, p. _PHONE_).
Roy's maximum root:
c = max λi over all i
where c is output as value = ROY_MAX_ROOT(0). The p-value is based on the approximation:
where s = max(p, q) has an approximate F distribution with s and υ + qs numerator and denominator degrees of freedom, respectively. The F test is exact if s = 1; the p-value is also exact. In general, the value output in p_value = ROY_MAX_ROOT(1) is lower bound on the actual p-value.
Hotelling's trace:
U is output as value = HOTELLING_TRACE(0). The p-value is based on the approximation of McKeon (1974) that supersedes the approximation of Hughes and Saw (1972). McKeon's approximation is also discussed by Seber (1984, p. 39). For:
the p-value is based on the result that:
has an approximate F distribution with pq and b degrees of freedom. The test is exact if min(p, q) = 1. For υp + 1, the approximation is not valid, and p-value = HOTELLING_TRACE(1) is set to NaN.
These three test statistics are valid when SE is positive definite. A necessary condition for SE to be positive definite is υp. If SE is not positive definite, a warning error message is issued, and both value and the p-value are set to NaN.
Because the requirement υp can be a serious drawback, IMSL_HYPOTH_TEST computes a fourth test statistic based on eigenvalues θi (i = 1, 2, ..., p) of the generalized eigenvalue problem SHw = θ(SH + SE) w. This test statistic requires a less restrictive assumption; SH + SE is positive definite. A necessary condition for SH + SE to be positive definite is υ + qp. If SE is positive definite, IMSL_HYPOTH_TEST avoids the computation of the generalized eigenvalue problem from scratch. In this case, the eigenvalues θi are obtained from λi by:
The fourth test statistic is as follows:
Pillai's trace:
V is output as value = PILLAI_TRACE(0). The p-value is based on an approximation discussed by Pillai (1985). The statistic:
has an approximate F distribution with s(2m + s + 1) and s(2n + s + 1) numerator and denominator degrees of freedom, respectively, where:
s = min(p, q)
m = 1/2(|p - q| – 1)
n = 1/2(υ - p – 1)
The F test is exact if min(p, q) = 1.
Examples
Example 1
The data for this example are from Maindonald (1984, p. 20310204). A multivariate regression model containing two dependent variables and three independent variables is fit using IMSL_MULTIREGRESS and the results stored in Info_v. The sum of squares and crossproducts matrix, scph, is then computed using HYPOYH_SCPH for the test that the third independent variable is in the model (determined by specification of h). Finally, IMSL_HYPOTH_TEST is used to compute the p-value for the test statistic (Wilk's lambda).
x = TRANSPOSE([[7.0, 5.0, 6.0], [2.0, -1.0, 6.0], $
 [7.0, 3.0, 5.0], [-3.0, 1.0, 4.0], [2.0, -1.0, 0.0], $
 [2.0, 1.0, 7.0], [-3.0, -1.0, 3.0], [2.0, 1.0, 1.0], $
 [2.0, 1.0, 4.0]])
y = TRANSPOSE([[7.0, 1.0], [-5.0, 4.0], [6.0, 10.0], $
 [5.0, 5.0], [5.0, -2.0], [-2.0, 4.0], [0.0, -6.0], $
 [8.0, 2.0], [3.0, 0.0]])
h = FLTARR(1, 4)
h(*) = 0
h(0, 3) = 1.0
coefs = IMSL_MULTIREGRESS(x, y, Predict_Info = p)
scph = IMSL_HYPOTH_SCPH(p, h, Dfh = dfh)
pvalue = IMSL_HYPOTH_TEST(p, dfh, scph)
PM, pvalue, format = '(F10.6)', Title = 'P-value'
IDL prints:
P-value
0.000010
Example 2
This example is the same as the first example, but more statistics are computed. Also, the U matrix, U, is explicitly specified as the identity matrix (which is the same default configuration of U).
x = TRANSPOSE([[7.0, 5.0, 6.0], [2.0, -1.0, 6.0], $
 [7.0, 3.0, 5.0], [-3.0, 1.0, 4.0], [2.0, -1.0, 0.0], $
 [2.0, 1.0, 7.0], [-3.0, -1.0, 3.0], [2.0, 1.0, 1.0], $
 [2.0, 1.0, 4.0]])
y = TRANSPOSE([[7.0, 1.0], [-5.0, 4.0], [6.0, 10.0], $
 [5.0, 5.0], [5.0, -2.0], [-2.0, 4.0], [0.0, -6.0], $
 [8.0, 2.0], [3.0, 0.0]])
h = FLTARR(1, 4)
h(*) = 0
h(0, 3) = 1.0
u = [[1, 0], [0, 1]]
coefs = IMSL_MULTIREGRESS(x, y, Predict_Info = p)
scph = IMSL_HYPOTH_SCPH(p, h, Dfh = dfh)
pvalue = IMSL_HYPOTH_TEST(p, dfh, scph, U = u, $
 Wilk_Lambda = wilk_lambda, Roy_Max_Root = roy_max_root, $
 Hotelling_Trace = hotelling_trace, $
 Pillai_Trace = pillai_trace)
PRINT, 'Wilk value


text:
Interagency Coordinating Council
"The mission of the Utah Interagency Coordinating Council for Infants and Toddlers with Special Needs is to assure that each infant and young child with special needs will have the opportunity to achieve optimal health and development within the context of the family."
Introduction to ICC: Interagency Coordinating Council for Infants and Toddlers with Disabilities and their Families
What is Early Intervention?
Baby Watch Early Intervention is a statewide, comprehensive, coordinated, interagency, multidisciplinary system, which provides early intervention services to infants and toddlers, younger than three years of age, with developmental delay or disability, and their families. Early intervention is the "baby" piece of Special Education. The program is authorized through the Individuals with Disabilities Act (IDEA), Part C, (Early Intervention Program for Infants and Toddlers with Disabilities). In 1987, Utah's Governor designated the Department of Health (DOH) as the "Lead Agency" for the early intervention program. Utah was one of the very first states in the nation to fully implement its early intervention program after securing the approval of the State Legislature.
At present, there are 16 early intervention programs that serve more than 2,000 children per month in the state. It is anticipated that the demand for these services will continually increase.
What is an Interagency Coordinating Council (ICC)?
The creation of an ICC was established with the passage of federal law P.L. 99-457 in October 1986. Developers of the legislation recognized the need for a group outside of the Lead Agency to "advise and assist" in the development of such a system. The independent nature of the ICC is one feature that gives the group the potential for making a contribution to the development of the service system.
Another feature of the regulations is the multidisciplinary and the multi-constituency representation on the ICC. By specifying what types of members should be included on the ICC, the legislation enables states to bring together consumer, clinical, political, and administrative communities. This merging of a variety of communities facilitates the building of bridges between the involved agencies. In addition, the committee has provided a broader vision of the service system based upon the participation and contributions of all relevant providers and consumers.
The ICC, a body required by statute to be appointed by each state's Governor, is to be an important participant in the development of a well-coordinated service system (Federal Interagency Coordinating Council, June, 1989). Each state ICC determines, in conjunction with the Lead Agency, the nature of the roles and tasks it chooses to perform at various policy stages.
The Utah ICC is an interagency group whose membership represents the statewide early childhood services community. It is comprised of up to 25 members.
The purpose of the Utah ICC is to advise and assist the lead agency in the Division of Community and Family Health Services, Bureau of Children with Special Health Care Needs in the UDOH.
Much of the work of the ICC is accomplished in standing committees and ad hoc task force meetings that perform long range planning, study specific issues and make appropriate actions. A member of the ICC chairs each committee.
What role does the ICC play?
The Council functions as a planning body at the systems level and advocates for children birth to three years of age and their families with or at-risk for a developmental disability. The Council acts in three major roles:
(1) ADVISOR: Providing advice to the Lead Agency, Governor and the state legislature on issues related to the development of a coordinated system of early intervention services for children with or at-risk for a developmental disability and their families.
The federal law defines the Council membership and the program in order to give it a unique view of the "service systems".
The parent component of the Council gives it a perspective which may be different from that presented by state agencies which are represented on the Council.
The Council can use its special vantage point to be recognized as a source of information for the Lead Agency, Governor, and legislators, as well as other key decision makers in the state.
(2) NEGOTIATOR: Working as an advocate to encourage a particular course of action by the state.
A major activity of the Council is to "review and comment on the annual state plan for services for children birth to three years" as part of its overall responsibility to assess the service system as it exists in the state. This information as well as interagency coordination is another important goal of the program and puts the Council in a position to be effective in making changes in how services are provided in the state. With agency and provider representatives on the Council, communication can more easily be effected and gaps between agencies can hopefully be bridged.
(3) CAPACITY BUILDER: Enhancing the ability of the overall service system to address service needs.
In this role, the Council works to increase the quality and quantity of desired supports and services from the public and private sectors, to ensure that all needy children and families will be provided early intervention services.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Project Feed
Now having learnt what a feed does in Zoho Projects, we shall see how you can check the feed across projects and within a project. If you have missed to learn what a feed is, you can refer to this page first and then come here to know how to access project feed.
How do I...
What else can I do with the feed in Zoho Projects?
Check Feed Across Projects
 1. Navigate to theFeed tab in the top band to check the feed across projects in your company.
 2. By default, the feed will be loaded with the latest activities that are happening by then. You can find them under the Feed section.
 3. Click Status to look into the statuses posted recently by your peers.
 4. Click Activity Stream to have a track on your peers' activities on a daily basis and to know who is doing what. You can also go to a specific timeline to check upon someone's activity here.
 - Click the user profile in the feed to view all the activities of the user
 - You can send a direct message to or chat or follow the user
Check Feed for a Specific Project
 1. Click Projects in the top band and navigate to the project for which you would like to check the feed.
 2. Click the Feed module in the left panel.
 3. Check the latest activities that happened in that specific project in the default Feed section.
 - Click the Status and Activity Stream tabs to check the recent statuses and the latest activities of the project users respectively
Quick Add Work Items
You can quickly post a status; add a task; create a milestone; upload a document to a project; post a forum; schedule an event; and submit bugs from the feed. Quick-add is possible both within a project and across projects. Click Feed in the top band to add a work item quickly or navigate to a specific project and do it.
 1. Type in your Status. To mention or tag someone in the status, prefix the '@' symbol before their name. To tag bugs, prefix '#' to the bug name.
 2. Select the project in which the status has to be posted to.
 3. Click Submit.
 1. Enter the Task Name.
 2. Attach files if needed. You can also use the screengrabber to do it.
 3. Select a project in which the task that you are creating should be mapped to.
 4. Select a Tasklist name.
 5. Click to assign users and set followers for the task.
 6. Click to set the start and end dates for the task.
 7. Click to set the priority for the task.
 8. Click Submit.
 1. Enter a Milestone Name.
 2. Select a project in which the milestone has to be mapped to.
 3. Click to assign users to the milestone.
 4. Click Submit.
 1. Drag and drop the document that you would like to upload or use the screengrabber to capture, highlight, and share screenshots live here.
 2. Select the project to which the document has to be uploaded.
 3. Select the Folder under which the document has to be moved to.
 4. Click Submit.
 1. Give a name for your forum.
 2. Enter the forum Content.
 3. Attach files that support the forum content.
 4. Select a Project Name in which the forum has to be posted.
 5. Select a relevant Category as well.
 6. Click Submit.
 1. Name your Event.
 2. Set its schedule.
 3. Enter the Duration and Location.
 4. Select the project for which the event is scheduled.
 5. Click to set the participants of the event.
 6. Click Submit.
 1. Enter a Bug Title.
 2. Give a Description of the bug if possible.
 3. Attach screenshots of the bug.
 4. Select a project under which the bug has to be assigned.
 5. Click to assign users to resolve the bug.
 6. Click to set the Start and End Date to close the bug.
 7. Click Submit.
Update or Modify the status of the Work Items
In the feed section, you can modify a work item's status according to its context. i.e, When a task is updated, you can complete it from the feed itself; when a task is completed already, you can reopen it from the feed itself. That's how it works. The following screenshot is an example to help you understand this case.
Helen Collins completes a task at 2:44pm and the menu says Click to open.
Whereas, she updates the completion percentage for another task at 2:51pm and its menu says Mark as complete.


text:
Video by JP Pangan
Written by: Sophia Balod-Lorenzo. Video by JP Pangan. Photos by: Ad Astra Photography, Gener Esquibil Photography, LHR Photography, and Ben Batz Photography.
Amsterdam, The Netherlands – Premiering at the Eyefilm Museum in Amsterdam on October 14th, the film Tulipa received a standing ovation from more than a hundred participants who joined the gala event including the delegation from the Philippine Embassy The Hague and humanitarian officials from other countries. Tulipa is the first Filipino film shown at the historic cultural and film center Eyefilm Museum.
TULIPA is a film about Filipino LGBTs who sought a life outside the Philippines to assert their rights to gender equality, representation, and most importantly, freedom of expression. The film features personal experiences and life stories about survival, hope, and the continuous struggle of Filipino LGBTs living in the Netherlands. One of the most pressing campaigns explored in the film is the call to pass the SOGIE (Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Expression) Equality Bill, which aims to legalize measures to prevent various acts of discrimination against people based on their sexual orientation, gender identity, or expression.
This film is a product of collaboration with The Filipino LGBT Europe Foundation, the Philippine Embassy The Hague, The Netherlands Embassy Manila, Commission on Human Rights Philippines, the ASEAN SOGIE Caucus, and MUJER LGBTQ+.
Senator Risa Hontiveros gave a recorded welcome speech during the event highlighting the importance of passing the SOGIE Equality Bill. "SOGIE Equality is an important step towards universal health care, universal quality education, and livelihood for all. This is not just the fight of the LGBTQIA+ community but also our fight to build the Philippines we aspire for," Hontiveros says.
Chairperson and film Executive Producer Chris Sta Brigida Kopp said in his welcoming remarks that Filipino LGBTQ+ migrants do not just leave the Philippines due to financial reasons alone, but also due to the lack of legal protection in the country. "Filipino migrants have aspirations to go back home, but the lack of legal protection stops many in our community from going home. In most cases, coming back home could mean giving up the rights and protection that allowed them to grow and prosper while living overseas," he adds.
Highlighting the struggles of Filipino LGBTQI+ migrants is an important step in bridging the connection among Filipinos around the world and how laws in the Philippines ultimately impact not just Filipinos living in the country but also Filipino migrants.
"As I journey in the fight for the SOGIE Equality Bill along with my peers in the Philippines, I realized that it seems we have forgotten about the biggest export of our country…our people," film director Rhadem Musawah says.
"They were always invisible in the narrative of our equality movement back home. Leaving their home country because of these inequalities in the Philippines, the agony they go through from leaving to living. That is why we made this short film, not to entertain people but to start a conversation of inclusion, to spark awareness of the aspirations of Filipino LGBTIQ+ in the diaspora."


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Single Supercapacitor Charger from 1.8V to 5.5V Input to 5V Output (1000mA Max Input Current)
Mar 24th 2010
Single Supercapacitor Charger from 1.8V to 5.5V Input to 5V Output (1000mA Max Input Current)
The LTC3127 is a wide VIN range, highly efficient, 1.35MHz fixed frequency buck-boost DC/DC converter that operates from input voltages above, below or equal to the output voltage. The LTC3127 features programmable average input current limit, making it ideal for power-limited input sources. The input current limit is programmed with a single resistor and is accurate from 0.2A to 1A of average input current.


Greek Yogurt: The Healthy Toxic Waste Hazard
 - Michael Briggs, Design & Trend Staff Writer
 - May, 26, 2013, 06:08 PM
(Photo: AP)
(Photo: AP)
Greek yogurt is lauded for its health benefits, but the increasingly popular food item is also reportedly highly dangerous for the environment.
For each ounce of the yogurt, three to four ounces of milk is needed. The remaining substance is called 'acid whey,' which contains about the same acidity as orange juice and can't be dumped because it could enter waterways and destroy aquatic life. The problem the $2 billion Greek yogurt industry is left with is exactly what to do with the acid whey.
While solutions to feed the substance to cows (which one farmer called, "like feeding your cows candy bars - they like it but can't eat too much of it,") and use it in a new infant formula have the ball rolling, the industry is still searching for a more permanent solution.
The recent report in Modern Farmer that detailed the environmental issue involving Greek yogurt further explained how difficult another solution, converting the acid whey into electricity, would be:
The material is heated up and kept in the tank for about 20 days, during which time bacteria break up the organic material-the lactose, in the case of whey-and release gases, including methane. The gas is fed into generators that produce electricity to power the farm and to sell to the local utility for use elsewhere."
According to Packaged Facts, Greek yogurt made up 35% of all yogurt sales in 2012, rising from just 1% in 2007.
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Adventures in Machine Learning
Mastering Oracle: How to Limit Query Results for Efficient Data Retrieval
Query Limitation in Oracle: Limiting Result Rows in Queries
Are you tired of sifting through a sea of query results in Oracle? Do you want to save time and only view the important data?
You're in luck! In Oracle, you can limit the number of rows in your query results. In this article, we'll explore how to limit the number of rows in your Oracle queries.
The Limit Clause
The simplest way to limit the number of rows in your query results is by using the LIMIT clause. This clause is available in other database management systems but not in Oracle.
However, Oracle provides its own version of the LIMIT clause – the FETCH clause. Let's take a look at the syntax:
"'
SELECT column
FROM table
[WHERE condition]
FETCH {FIRST | NEXT} number {ROW | ROWS} ONLY;
"'
Here's a breakdown of the syntax:
– SELECT: The statement to retrieve data from Oracle's database. – column: The name of the column to retrieve data.
– table: The name of the table to retrieve data. – WHERE condition: Optional criteria for selecting rows.
– FETCH: Returns a specific subset of rows from the result set. – FIRST | NEXT: Indicates the starting point of the result set.
– number: Specifies the number of rows to fetch. – ROW | ROWS: Indicates the type of unit for the number of rows to fetch.
– ONLY: Excludes all rows beyond the specified number from the result set. For example, if we want to select the first three rows of the "employees" table:
"'
SELECT *
FROM employees
ORDER BY last_name ASC
FETCH FIRST 3 ROWS ONLY;
"'
This query will retrieve the first three employees' records from the "employees" table, sorted by last name in ascending order.
Subquery with ROWNUM Limitation
Another way to limit your query results is by using a subquery with the ROWNUM keyword. ROWNUM is a pseudocolumn that assigns a unique number to every row fetched from a query.
Combining ROWNUM with a subquery is an effective way to limit the number of returned rows. Here's an example:
"'
SELECT *
FROM (SELECT *
FROM products
ORDER BY unit_price DESC)
WHERE ROWNUM <= 5;
"'
This code retrieves the five products that have the highest unit price from the "products" table.
The subquery first sorts all the rows in descending order by unit price. Then, the outer query selects the first five rows numbered by ROWNUM.
Getting Top Rows Based on a Condition
When you have a larger dataset and want to get the top results based on a condition, you can use both methods described above as well. In the following example, we'll get the highest score of an exam with the following structure:
"'
CREATE TABLE exam (
exam_id NUMBER,
student_name VARCHAR2(50),
score NUMBER(3)
);
"'
The sample data inserted:
"'
INSERT INTO exam
(exam_id, student_name, score)
VALUES
(1, 'Alice', 95),
(2, 'Ben', 80),
(3, 'Charlie', 100),
(4, 'David', 95),
(5, 'Ella', 85),
(6, 'Frank', 92),
(7, 'Gina', 78),
(8, 'Harry', 90),
(9, 'Ivan', 96),
(10, 'Jake', 83),
(11, 'Kate', 87),
(12, 'Liam', 95),
(13, 'Maggie', 77),
(14, 'Nora', 84),
(15, 'Oscar', 98),
(16, 'Penelope', 81),
(17, 'Quincy', 92),
(18, 'Rachel', 89);
"'
The query to get the highest score:
"'
SELECT *
FROM exam
WHERE score = (SELECT MAX(score)
FROM exam);
"'
This query will retrieve the students who scored the highest on the exam.
Key Takeaways
By now, you should have a better understanding of how to limit query results in Oracle. You can use the FETCH or ROWNUM to ensure that only the necessary data is retrieved.
Additionally, by combining these techniques with subqueries, you can limit the results further based on particular conditions. Regardless of your query needs, a well-structured query can help you find the data you need quickly and efficiently.
In summary, limiting query results in Oracle is a handy technique that can help you save time and avoid unnecessary data. With this knowledge, you'll be one step closer to mastering Oracle's powerful query capabilities!
Discussion and Tips: How to Refine Your Oracle Queries Using Subqueries, Conditions, and Limitations
As the amount of data we store continues to grow at an exponential rate, so do the complexities of processing and analyzing it.
Organizations need agile and efficient tools to query their databases effectively. In this article, we'll explore how to leverage subqueries, conditions, and query limitations in Oracle to refine your queries and simplify data retrieval.
Using Subqueries for Sorting
Often in database applications, the need arises to perform a complex sort on a specific attribute within a dataset. In such cases, a subquery can be helpful.
A subquery allows you to divide a more extensive query into two or more queries and retrieve data from a nested component within a single query. When it comes to sorting, you can use a subquery to define a result set for sorting.
Let's take a look at an example:
"'
SELECT order_id, customer_id, total_amount
FROM orders
WHERE customer_id IN (
SELECT customer_id
FROM customers
WHERE region = 'Asia'
)
ORDER BY total_amount DESC;
"'
This query retrieves all the orders from a specific region (Asia) and sorts them by the total amount of each order. Notice that we used a subquery in the WHERE clause to retrieve customer IDs from a nested component and filter the results accordingly.
Applying Conditions for Query Result Limitation
When dealing with large datasets, it is often necessary to apply conditions to limit the number of results returned by a query. Oracle provides us with a useful and straightforward tool for this: the ROWNUM keyword.
ROWNUM is a pseudocolumn that can be used to limit the number of rows returned from a query, which helps to conserve memory and reduce processing time. Let's explore an example:
"'
SELECT order_id, customer_id, total_amount
FROM orders
WHERE status = 'delivered'
AND ROWNUM < 6;
"'
This query retrieves the five most recent delivered orders by filtering on the "status" column and applying a condition on ROWNUM in the WHERE clause. Here, we've limited the number of rows returned to five by setting ROWNUM to less than six.
Potential Limitations and Risks
While subqueries and ROWNUM are useful for limiting query results, there are several limitations and risks to consider before implementing them in your queries. When using subqueries, it is essential to be mindful of their complexity and impact on performance.
Subqueries can become quite complicated and take longer to execute, which can slow down your query performance. Additionally, subqueries are not always supported by all database management systems, so be sure to check the documentation for complete details.
Similarly, when using ROWNUM, it's crucial to remember that the order of rows returned is determined by the physical order the data is stored. Therefore, it's not always reliable to use ROWNUM to limit a query's results since the order in which the data was entered into the table could impact the results.
Another potential risk when using ROWNUM is that it can create a false sense of security in your results. Suppose you're using ROWNUM to limit the number of results returned in your query.
In that case, you may not necessarily be getting the data you need. For instance, if you are looking to retrieve the five highest scores from a table, and two or more students have scored the same highest score, using ROWNUM can limit the result set to less than five rows.
Therefore, be careful when relying solely on ROWNUM to limit your query's results.
Final Thoughts
Oracle provides many useful features and tools for querying your database effectively. By leveraging subqueries and ROWNUM, you can streamline your data retrieval and limit the number of results returned to optimize performance.
However, be mindful of the potential limitations and risks associated with these features. As always, test your queries, and consult Oracle documentation to ensure the best results for your specific needs.
In summary, refining your Oracle queries using subqueries, conditions, and limitations can help you streamline your data retrieval and optimize your query performance. By using subqueries to sort and filter your data and applying conditions to limit the number of results returned by your queries, you can efficiently query large datasets.
However, it's essential to be mindful of the potential limitations and risks of these features. Always test your queries and consult Oracle documentation to achieve the best results.
Query optimization is a crucial skill for data analysts, and mastering these techniques will help you make better data-driven decisions.


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Linear Mass Density Problem
 1. Mar 2, 2005 #1
 I'm having a hard time with this.
 A long thin rod lies along the x-axis. One end is at x=2.00 m and the other at x=3.00 m. Its linear mass density λ = 0.300 x2+ 0.500, in kg/m. Calculate mass of the rod.
 Can anybody help?
 2. jcsd
 3. Mar 2, 2005 #2
 I take it you mean [itex]\lambda =.300x^2 +.500[/itex]?
 Note that
 [tex]m = \int_{x_1}^{x_2}\lambda(x) dx[/tex].
 4. Mar 2, 2005 #3
 But then how would I find the center of mass?
 5. Mar 2, 2005 #4
 The center of mass is just the weighted average of the density. You really should be able to look these formulas up on your own, or memorize them.
 [tex]x_{CM}= \frac{1}{m}\int_{x_1}^{x_2} x \lambda(x) dx[/tex]
Similar Discussions: Linear Mass Density Problem
 1. Linear Mass Density (Replies: 1)
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text:
This crossword clue is for the definition: Land of the banshee.
it's A 19 letters crossword puzzle definition.
Next time, when searching for online help with your puzzle, try using the search term "Land of the banshee crossword" or "Land of the banshee crossword clue". The possible answerss for Land of the banshee are listed below.
Did you find what you needed?
We hope you did!.
Possible Answers: EIRE.
Last seen on: LA Times Crossword 23 Nov 18, Friday
Random information on the term "EIRE":
The Proto-Celtic language, also called Common Celtic, is the reconstructed ancestor language of all the known Celtic languages. Its lexis can be confidently reconstructed on the basis of the comparative method of historical linguistics. As Celtic is a branch of the Indo-European language family, Proto-Celtic is a descendant of the Proto-Indo-European language. According to one theory, Celtic may be closest to the Italic languages, which together form an Italo-Celtic branch. The earliest archaeological culture that may justifiably be considered as Proto-Celtic is the Late Bronze Age Urnfield culture of Central Europe from the last quarter of the second millennium BC. By the Iron Age Hallstatt culture of around 800 BC, these people had become fully Celtic.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Figure 12. Negretti and Zambra thermometer, 1874 model. Although the principle
of reversing was first described by George Aime' in 1845, this was the first
thermometer to accurately determine the temperature at great depth and return to
the surface and retain its readings. As such, it is considered the first
modern reversing thermometer. It was used on the CHALLENGER expedition.


text:
Background: In schools, a major obstacle to drawing on emergent bilingual students' knowledge and skills in their first language is a widespread lack of awareness about language use among adolescent English learners, including how peer talk can connect knowledge and abilities in both languages to school-based learning. Although research often acknowledges the importance of engaging students' home language and culture to bridge to academic literacies in English, few have explicitly examined bilingual peer talk as a resource for language learning during adolescence.
Purpose: This study explores how emergent bilinguals engaged multiple linguistic codes to scaffold their own academic language development with peer support.
Research Design: Ethnography and discourse analysis of student interactions were used to contextualize and analyze the academic language use of four Spanish-speaking adolescent immigrant students, taking into account the affordances of classroom discourse structures and peer talk.
Conclusions: The study describes the linguistic resources available to Spanish-speaking adolescent immigrant students through their peers and shows that emergent bilingual youth used academic language in both Spanish and English most frequently—and in more elaborated interactions—while off-task or in less supervised spaces. Classroom discourse structures often limited student participation, particularly when students used nonstandard linguistic codes.


text:
In the past, you've certainly had your gums examined to determine the presence of gum disease. You might recall a thin metal periodontal probe used to calculate "pocket depth," which is the detached area between your teeth and gums. The depth of detachment within each pocket can vary depending upon where the probe is placed and can lead to an inaccurate diagnosis. A team of engineers from the University of California San Diego developed a process that can provide a more detailed and accurate diagnosis—using squid ink and photoacoustic ultrasound.
Squid Ink, Nanoparticles,
and Photoacoustic Ultrasound
A rinse made of food-grade squid ink, water, and cornstarch is first swished in the mouth. Melanin nanoparticles in the squid ink, which are trapped in the tooth pockets, absorb light. This allows a laser light shined on the gums to heat the squid ink and cause pressure differences in the pockets. This pressure difference is detected by ultrasound and converted to an image for diagnosis.
Consistent, Reliable Measurements
Researchers have been able to consistently obtain the same accurate measurements in repeated tests. And, the method is non-invasive which means no pain and reduced risks to the patient.
Although an external laser light is used now, researchers are working to create dental trays that will emit the light directly onto each tooth and transmit the results to a computer application in a matter of moments. While they are at it, they want to replace the expensive laser lights with an inexpensive, portable light system like LEDs, which will make the diagnostic tool more economical and universally available. Finally, the current salty taste of the mouth rinse is on the chopping block as researchers plan to improve the taste by adding mint and other flavorings.
What This Means to Patients
This tool will provide the information dentists need in much less time and with an excellent degree of accuracy. Patients will appreciate the fact that the process is non-invasive and have confidence that the ultimate diagnosis will lead to improved care for their gums.


text:
Construction Cost: $30 Million
The Apponaug Bypass is a highway project with a heavy traffic design component driving the final concept. The project's goal was to provide a two-way road around the section of Post Road located in front of the Warwick City Hall, between Apponaug Four Corners and Williams Corner. The new bypass has successfully diverted most of the traffic that formerly travelled on Post Road eastbound at City Hall resulting in significant lower traffic volumes passing through the heart of Apponaug Village. The reduction of those traffic volumes is a key element in the City of Warwick's plans for the revitalization and redevelopment of the historic village.
Whereas the project was originally planned with traffic signal control at the major intersections, the concept was subsequently revised to incorporate roundabouts due to their increased safety, improved traffic flow, traffic calming effects and aesthetic benefits.
Central to the project design was the need to provide a comprehensive and holistic approach to the management of stormwater and natural resources, particularly due to the project's location within the watershed of Greenwich Bay—an impaired waterbody subject to a Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) plan established by the RIDEM—and, as an MS4 owner/operator regulated under the Rhode Island Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (RIPDES) Phase II Stormwater program, RIDOT is required to amend its Stormwater Management Program Plan (SWMPP) to incorporate measures to address stormwater impacts contributing to the impairment. Complicating the environmental issues was the fact that the 0.2-mile segment of new roadway required to complete the bypass (Veterans Memorial Drive Extension) extends across the former Apponaug Mill Complex, a site known to contain contaminated materials due to its long history of industrial use.
The same Veterans Memorial Drive Extension segment also spans across the Apponaug River (which was culverted under former mill buildings for hydropower and other use) and the floodplain associated with the river and its main tributary (Hardig Brook); and, despite having been culverted along the mill reach, the Apponaug River remains a seasonal fish run for Alewife migrating upstream to spawn in Little Gorton's Pond, a function of high ecological value that had to be maintained during and following construction. These environmental issues were addressed to the satisfaction of RIDEM, and all required permits were obtained.
A major component of this project, during design and construction, involved stakeholder coordination and public outreach. GRA coordinated and participated in regularly-scheduled stakeholder meetings which included various city departments (planning, engineering, public works, landscape, etc.), local public agencies (Chamber of commerce, Apponaug Village Association) and local business and property owners. The intent of the meetings was to provide project status information, seek input and address concerns. Stakeholder services also included the coordination and participation in quarterly "Partnering" meetings and related follow-up. The partnership sessions were structured to draw on the strengths of each interested or affected organization to identify and achieve reciprocal goals. Meetings were held every three months during the construction and contract period.
Construction phase services entailed assisting the RIDOT Resident Engineer through the participation in meetings, investigations, research and review of questions related to concerns, issues, differing site conditions, sequence of construction, or contractor suggested/requested design changes that took place during construction in order to assist with resolutions in a timely and cost-effective manner. Utility coordination was also conducted as necessary to address and help resolve questions or issues.
Bicycle and pedestrian considerations were important throughout the design of this project. The planning for the bypass included sidewalks throughout and shoulders four feet in width to provide for bicycle travel. A bicycle lane has been provided on Post Road in Apponaug Village.
With the bypass in place, the formerly heavy eastbound traffic of approximately 22,000 vehicles per day (VPD) has been reduced to approximately 5,000 VPD. As part of the project, that section of Post Road was reconstructed using a road diet to reduce the former two travel lanes to one lane and a six-foot bicycle lane. Under a complete streets approach, traffic calming is provided through a series of three bump-outs and extensive streetscape treatments. Pedestrian accommodations include new sidewalks throughout and raised crosswalks at the bump-outs.
ACEC RI Engineering Excellence Award Recipient


text:
On this page:
Who is A.V. Bramble?
A.V. Bramble: Albert Victor Bramble was a British actor and film director. Bramble was born in Portsmouth, England in 1887. He began his acting career on the stage. He started acting in films in 1913, and subsequently turned to directing and producing films. He died on 17 May 1963.
- also known as Albert Victor Bramble, A V Bramble, A. V. Bramble
- born in (128 years ago) in Portsmouth
- nationality: England, United Kingdom
- profession: Actor, film director
- died on (52 years ago) in Friern Barnet
- read more about A.V. Bramble (film director)
Online dictionaries and encyclopedias with entries for A.V. Bramble
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Setting User IDs
User IDs should be set for each of your users. These should be unchanging and accessible when a user opens the app. A database ID or a hashed email address/username is usually a good reference to use. We strongly recommend providing this identifier as it will allow you to:
 - Track your users across devices and platforms, improving the quality of your behavioral and demographic data.
 - Import data about your users using our User Data API.
 - Target specific users with our Messaging API for both general and transactional messages.
If such an identifier is not available, Braze will assign a unique identifier to your users, but you will lack the capabilities above. You should avoid setting User IDs for users for whom you lack a unique identifier that is tied to them as an individual. Passing a device identifier offers no benefit versus the automatic anonymous user tracking Braze offers by default.
These User IDs should be private and not easily obtained (e.g. not a plain email address or username).
Assigning a User ID
You should make the following call as soon as the user is identified (generally after logging in) in order to set the user id:
1
[[Appboy sharedInstance] changeUser:@"YOUR_USER_ID_STRING"];
1
Appboy.sharedInstance()?.changeUser("YOUR_USER_ID")
Do not call changeUser() when a user logs out. changeUser() should only be called when the user logs into the application. Setting changeUser() to a static default value will associate ALL user activity with that default "user" until the user logs in again. Additionally, we recommend against changing the user ID when a user logs out, as it makes you unable to target the previously logged-in user with reengagement campaigns. If you anticipate multiple users on the same device, but only want to target one of them when your app is in a logged out state, we recommend separately keeping track of the user ID you want to target while logged out and switching back to that user ID as part of your app's logout process.
Implementation Example
changeUser is utilized in UserAttributesViewController.m file of the Stopwatch sample app.
Automatic Preservation of Anonymous User History
Identification Context Preservation Behavior
User has not been previously identified Anonymous history is merged with user profile upon identification
User has been previously identified in-app or via API Anonymous history is not merged with user profile upon identification
Additional Notes and Best Practices
Please note the following:
 - If your app is used by multiple people, you can assign each user a unique identifier to track them.
 - Once a user ID has been set, you cannot revert that user to an anonymous profile
 - Do Not change the user ID upon a user "log out".
 - Doing so separates the device from the user profile. You will be unable to target the previously logged out user with re-engagement messages. If you anticipate multiple users on the same device, but only want to target one of them when your app is in a logged out state, we recommend separately keeping track of the user ID you want to target while logged out and switching back to that user ID as part of your app's logout process. By default, only the last user that was logged in will receive push notifications from your app.
 - Switching from one identified user to another is a relatively costly operation.
 - When you request the user switch, the current session for the previous user is automatically closed and a new session is started. Furthermore, Braze will automatically make a data refresh request for the News Feed, slideup and other Braze resources for the new user.
 If you opt to use a hash of a unique identifier as your userID take care to ensure that you're normalizing the input to your hashing function. For example, if you're going to use a hash of an email address, ensure that you're stripping leading and trailing whitespace from the input, and taking localization problems into account.
Aliasing Users
An alias serves as an alternative unique user identifier. Use aliases to identify users along different dimensions than your core user ID:
 - Set a consistent identifier for analytics that will follow a given user both before and after they have logged in to a mobile app or website.
 - Add the identifiers used by a third party vendor to your Braze users in order to more easily reconcile your data externally.
Each alias consists of two parts: a name for the identifier itself, and a label indicating the type of alias. Users can have multiple aliases with different labels, but only one name per label.
1
 [[Appboy sharedInstance].user addAlias:ALIAS_NAME withLabel:ALIAS_LABEL];
1
Appboy.sharedInstance().user.addAlias(ALIAS_NAME, ALIAS_LABEL);
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Simon deMaid: What can employers do to ensure bereavement leave policies are effective?
Simon deMaid bereavement
The death of a child can have devastating effects on mental and physical wellbeing, yet there is currently no legal requirement in the UK for employers to provide paid leave for grieving parents. It must, therefore, come as no surprise that campaigners have petitioned so forcefully to change the law on this issue.
The introduction of the new Parental Bereavement (Leave and Pay) Act 2018, due to come into force in 2020, will give all employed parents a day one right to two weeks' leave if they lose a child under the age of 18, or suffer a stillbirth from 24 weeks of pregnancy. Employed parents will also be able to claim pay for this period, subject to meeting eligibility criteria.
As a result of these changes, employers may need to review and update their bereavement leave arrangements. There is no one-size-fits-all approach when trying to manage the needs of a bereaved employee. However, implementing a clear, written bereavement policy will ensure a consistent approach and provide employees with certainty and security as to their rights in such challenging circumstances.
The policy should be easy to follow, widely accessible, and a copy should be provided to all employees.
In conjunction with an effective bereavement policy, employers should adopt a holistic approach when considering what support systems they can implement to help bereaved employees.
It is common for grieving parents to suffer both physically and emotionally. Employers should be alert to any change in absence, performance or behaviour and deal with such issues carefully and sensitively. Managers and HR personnel should be provided with relevant training to understand the importance of using discretion and sensitivity when dealing with bereaved employees.
The effects of grief do not always manifest immediately, so it is important that employees are provided with ongoing support; this may include access to an employee assistance programme (EAP) or the provision of counselling services.
Simon DeMaid is an employment law partner at Howes Percival