text:
Beetroots, red beets, golden beets, and dinner beets, or simply known as table beets, are nutritionally dense taproot vegetables. It is a versatile veggie with vibrant colors and health benefits. However, are beets acidic?
Literally, beets are close to the neutral side of the pH scale, but they are acidic in nature. The PH value of beet may vary according to the land and the conditions, but overall it is between 5 and 6.5, which is pretty less acidic. So, is it good for acid reflux conditions? Or do beets cause acidity?
Beets are naturally abundant in fiber content and alkaline-producing properties, therefore, they have a significant effect on acidity and stomach acid. You will get the full detail of beets and acidity relationship in this "are beets acidic?" guide.
Table of Content
- 1 Are Beets Acidic?
- 2 What's the PH of Beets?
- 3 Are Pickled Beets Alkaline or Acidic?
- 4 Are Cooked, and Canned Beets Acidic or Alkaline?
- 5 Is Beet Juice Acidic?
- 6 Does Beetroot Cause Acidity?
- 7 Are Beets OK for Acid Reflux?
- 8 Are Beets Anti-Inflammatory?
- 9 How Healthy Are Beets?
- 10 FAQs
- 11 Conclusion
Are Beets Acidic?
Naturally, beets are slightly acidic in nature. But why is beet not sour in taste if it is acidic? It is because of its low acidity value on the pH scale, which makes it a particularly good veggie for people with an acidic stomach.
The acidic value of beets may vary, however it usually ranges from 4 to 6.6. Typically, fresh and raw beets are less acidic as compared to canned or pickled beets. But, are beets alkaline food? Beets are generally alkaline-forming in nature.
What's the PH of Beets?
The PH scale is the logarithmic scale that determines the acidic and alkaline nature of food items. On this scale, 7 is the neutral value. Anything above 7 is considered alkaline, while anything below 7 is acidic. As the value decreases, the acidic content becomes more powerful.
As for beets, it is generally less acidic. However, the fresh and preserved beet may vary in their acidic content. Normally, a fresh and raw beet has a pH value of 5.20 to 6.60 on a PH scale. While canned, or acidified beets may have a 4.30 to 4.60 pH value.
Are Pickled Beets Alkaline or Acidic?
Pickled beets are the acidified beets specifically made after fermenting the beets into the acidic solution. After that, they are sealed in an air-tight container or sterile jar, therefore preserved for a long-time.
Typically, it has a 4.3 to 4.6 pH value. It is more acidic than raw and fresh beets, it can worsen the acid reflux condition.
Are Cooked, and Canned Beets Acidic or Alkaline?
Generally, beets are less acidic, and the majority of people consider them OK for acidic conditions. However, it is used in a variety of ways for eating. Although the majority of them are less acidic, some of the beet products can aggregate the acidic condition.
Anyhow, cooked beet vegetables are lower in acidic conditions than canned beets. Canned beets have a pH value of 4.90 – 5.60 while the cooked pH value has a 5.23 to 6.50 value, which is typically less than the fresh one.
Is Beet Juice Acidic?
Beet juice is a nutritious and carbs-rich natural drink that has a pH of 4 on a pH scale. However, fresh beet juice may be less acidic as compared to manufactured or preserved juice. Still, it contains a mild amount of acid. However, it is safer for GERD as compared to orange or lemon juices.
Does Beetroot Juice Cause Gas?
Beetroot is typically rich in dietary fiber, in the case of beetroot juice you are more likely to get a considerable amount of fiber that may improve digestion and stomach health. Meanwhile, it leads to stomach gas, bloating, or stomach pain.
Does Beetroot Cause Acidity?
Beetroot is typically low in acidic content. Although it is acidic in nature, it does not lead to acidity or acidic heartburn.
However, in some instances, the low stomach acidity may lead to the difficult metabolism of red pigment in the beetroot. Therefore, it may lead to stomach discomfort and gastrointestinal issues.
Are Beets OK for Acid Reflux?
Though beets are generally weakly acidic, it does not influence much with the acid reflux condition. So, is beetroot bad for acid reflux? As a matter of fact, beets are normally not bad for acid reflux, heartburn, and GERD. So, can you eat beets during the acid reflux?
Beets may contain a red pigment that is generally hard to digest and lead to mild stomach pain. Moreover, some short-chain carbs in the beetroots may cause an unpleasant sensation to digestive health. Eating or drinking beets is not safe for people with Irritable bowel syndrome disease.
So, you should take beets with caution during acid reflux conditions.
Are Beets Anti-Inflammatory?
Beets are naturally abundant with powerful antioxidants and other nutrients that make them potentially powerful food. It is nutritionally rich in vitamin A, potassium, potent antioxidants, iron, and many other properties that make it a significant anti-inflammatory food.
Moreover, betalains and nitrates are packed abundantly in the beets, which help reduce inflammation. Moreover, these elements help in removing the toxins from the blood and fight against free radicals.
Are pickled beets anti-inflammatory? Pickled beets are a significant source of powerful antioxidants, particularly, flavonoids that act as anti-inflammatory agents. Also, it helps boost immunity.
How Healthy Are Beets?
It is clear that beets are low in acidity, so it does not contribute majorly to causing stomach discomfort. However, it is significantly rich in dietary fiber, vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients that improve the stomach and overall health. So, what are the benefits of eating beets?
The following are a few benefits of beets for health:
- It helps to naturally lower the blood pressure by widening and relaxing the blood vessels.
- Drinking beet juice or eating beetroot significantly improves physical performance by increasing plasma nitrate levels in the bloodstream. Moreover, it is naturally rich in powerful antioxidants and nutrients that boost exercise stamina.
- Moreover, it is especially helpful for people with heart disease. It promotes heart health and increases muscle strength.
- Not only this but taking beets daily reduces cognitive decline and improves brain function.
- Importantly, it is low in calories and contains zero fats, therefore, it is helpful for people who want to lose weight safely.
- Furthermore, it contains betalains which are powerful water-soluble antioxidants that act as a chemo-preventive agent and kill the unstable or cancerous cells in the body.
- It helps to raise potassium to the optimal level that protects you from weakness, fatigue, dehydration, muscle cramps, and other health illnesses related to potassium deficiency.
- Besides, it helps people with anemia due to its high folate content. It is also helpful for pregnant women.
- It helps to lower the cholesterol level of the body and supports liver function.
- Apart from these, it is essentially a good source of magnesium, sodium, iron, zinc, copper, and manganese.
- Drinking beetroot juice, or eating beet is overall good for promoting health.
What Is the Healthiest Way to Eat Beets?
Answer: To reap maximum nutrients from the beets, it is best to eat them raw, or juice them. Moreover, steaming beets for 10 to 15 minutes is also considered the healthiest way to cook the beets while keeping their taste and health benefits.
Are Beets High in Purines?
Answer: The beets are generally low in purines like the other veggies. However, it contains a high value of oxalate that may have the same effect as the purine in the body. It may raise the blood uric acid or cause gout.
Are Beets Nightshades?
Answer: It is generally believed that the beets are nightshades or root vegetables but in fact, it is not nightshade vegetable. Instead, it belongs to the goosefoot family, which also includes Spanish and Swiss chard.
Can You Eat Pickled Beets with Acid Reflux?
Answer: Pickled beets are typically more acidic as compared to raw, or cooked beets. It is an acidified solution of the beets, therefore, it is generally not considered good for acid reflux conditions and GERD symptoms. It may worsen the symptoms of stomach acidity or heartburn.
Which Foods Are High in Alkaline?
Answer: Leafy green vegetables, citrus fruits, nuts, and root vegetables are high in alkaline value.
Is Beet Powder Acidic?
Answer: Beet powder is acidic, just like beets. However, it is less acidic as compared to pickled or fermented beets.
Beets are the most healthy and powerful vegetable that is incredibly good for gut, liver, and heart health. It is significantly rich in essential nutrients and powerful antioxidants. As for, "are beets acidic?" It has acidic pH, but it is a mild acid that is generally not harmful to acid reflux or GERD condition


text:
The objectives of this investigation were to design and develop an experimental turbocharger test rig (TTR) to measure the shaft whirl of the rotating assembly and the axial and frictional loads experienced by the bearings. The TTR contains a ball bearing turbocharger (TC) that was instrumented and operated under various test conditions up to 55,000 rpm. In order to measure the thrust loads on the compressor and turbine sides, customized sensors were integrated into the TC housing. The anti-rotation (AR) pin that normally prevents the bearing cartridge from rotating was replaced with a custom-made load cell adapter system. This sensor was used to measure the frictional losses in the bearing cartridge without altering the operation of the TC. Proximity sensors (probes) were also installed in the compressor housing to monitor shaft whirl. Axial load results indicated that the compressor side bears most of the thrust load. As the backpressure or the speed of the TC was increased, the thrust load also increased. Frictional measurements from the AR pin sensor demonstrated low power losses in the ball bearing cartridge. For certain shaft speed ranges, the data from the sensors illustrated periodic trends in response to the subsynchronous whirl of the shaft.
Experimental Investigation of the Dynamic Loads in a Ball Bearing Turbocharger
Contributed by the Tribology Division of ASME for publication in the Journal of Tribology. Manuscript received April 16, 2019; final manuscript received July 9, 2019; published online August 2, 2019. Assoc. Editor: Wenzhong Wang.
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Conley, B., Sadeghi, F., Griffith, R. C., and McCormack, J. W. (August 2, 2019). "Experimental Investigation of the Dynamic Loads in a Ball Bearing Turbocharger." ASME. J. Tribol. November 2019; 141(11): 111101. _URL_
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text:
International Inspiration is developing curriculum resources and training teachers in tandem with the Malaysian Government's major Transformation Curriculum initiative. With an initial focus on children with a disability and the most marginalised children living in the states of Sabah and Perak, International Inspiration's benefits will spread across the whole country in the longer term. International Inspiration will also contribute to the highly-prized national youth leadership movement, providing new models of training that draw out the potential of young people, and provide them with the skills to take the lead in their own communities.
Reasons to celebrate
- 48 teachers and lecturers have been trained to use resources with a focus on disability sport and inclusion.
- 600 teachers have been trained in the first year of training across Malaysia.
- 12 teachers and 100 young sports leaders have been trained initially to deliver sports festivals in their communities.
- By March 2011 a further 500 young sports leaders had been trained and a further 50 sports festivals arranged, involving more than 15,000 primary-aged pupils.
Influencing the nation as a whole
The Government of Malaysia has demonstrated its confidence in the programme by undertaking to drive and support the roll-out of International Inspiration curriculum models piloted in Sabah to all 13 states.
Improving behaviour and having fun
Ravichan Dran is a PE teacher in Malaysia. Through International Inspiration, a teaching technique using PE training cards has been introduced into Ravichan's school, which has led to an improvement in lessons.
Ravichan said that International Inspiration has enabled him to gain access to new materials and resources used in UK schools, which is of great benefit to teaching and learning activities in the school, with pupils 'having more fun learning'.
In addition, this teacher training has resulted in improved behaviour amongst pupils, and importantly, enabled Ravichan to go on to train other teachers in these new techniques, thereby leaving a lasting legacy.
Ravichan said: 'PE has become more fun for pupils and has given me more knowledge and skills in carrying out activities in sports in schools. It has benefited the children in educating them in the importance of sport in their lives. Problem students' discipline has improved when given the chance to be leaders in sport.'

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


RM 021
Calibre RM021
Manual winding tourbillon movement with hours, minutes, power-reserve indicator, torque indicator and function selector.
RM021 3
The RM 021 Tourbillon Aerodyne is the first watch to be created with a baseplate of titanium and honeycombed orthorhombic titanium aluminide with a carbon nanofiber core. It marks the entrance of the theme of air, space and supersonic speed to the brand's imagery and inspiration.
It was a long-standing dream held by Richard Mille to use such a material in the design of a watch, although the challenge was almost insurmountable and the potential benefits relatively small. And yet, despite the complexity of his goal, this extraordinary result was achieved in 2009.
Orthorhombic titanium aluminides are group of alloys, developed from the main class of titanium aluminides, which possess a specific crystalline molecular structure ordered on the orthorhombic phase of Ti2AlNb. Its use within a honeycombed geometrical pattern was originally the subject of research by NASA for application as a core material of supersonic aircraft wings, where resistance to extremely high temperatures and torsion is paramount.
The alloy in this honeycombed form has unparalleled stiffness, a low thermal expansion coefficient and exceptional torsion resistance.
Nid Off
The actual shape of the baseplate itself as seen from the dial side resembles the trench-like V- shaped profile of a flying wing aircraft where the wing tips are positioned higher than the central body of the aircraft itself. The winding barrel and the tourbillon are both placed in the central depth of this aerodynamic structure, balancing on light and airy bridges.
RM021 5
This manual winding tourbillon movement boasts a 70 hour power reserve, which is indicated on the power reserve barrel located between 11 and 12 o'clock. The dial also boasts hours, minutes, torque indicator and function selector.
RM 021 360 view


Migration file format reference
The config V3 migrations files generated by the CLI are pure SQL files.
Migration directory format
Each migration is stored inside a directory, which has the following structure:
A version which is the Unix timestamp in nanoseconds when the migration was created is the first part of the name of the directory. Followed by a name which is either manually added or auto-generated by the console. The files inside this directory indicates what step this is. up.sql file is supposed to have forward step(s), e.g. creating a table. The down.sql file should include the corresponding rollback step.


Specifications Explained: NI DSA & SC Express DAQ
The specification manuals for NI Dynamic Signal Acquisition (DSA) & NI SC Express Data Acquisition (DAQ) devices and modules provide the technical details necessary to determine or choose which DAQ device or module is best suited for your application, and as a reference to validate device or module performance during system development. This document provides definitions of the terminology used, in a glossary format, to illustrate the importance and relevance of each specification.
This guide is broken up into the same sections as most NI specifications manuals. Terms and definitions below are listed in alphabetical order and may occur in a different order in the specification manuals. This guide exclusively applies to 44xx (DSA) and 43xx (SC Express) DAQ devices and modules. Other NI product families such as Multifunction I/O (MIO) DAQ, cDAQ and cRIO Chassis and Controllers, 91xx, 92xx, 94xx C Series Modules, Multifunction RIO 78xx R Series, Digital Multimeters, Scopes/Digitizers and other instruments may use different terminology or methods to derive specifications and as such, this guide should not be used as a reference for devices and modules other than those in the DSA and SC Express DAQ families.
Understanding Specification Terminology
First, it is important to note the categorical difference between various specifications. NI defines the capabilities and performance of its Test & Measurement instruments as either Specifications, Typical Specifications, and Characteristic or Supplemental Specifications. See your devices' specifications manual for more details on which specifications are warranted or typical.
 - Specifications characterize the warranted performance of the instrument within the recommended calibration interval and under the stated operating conditions.
 - Typical Specifications are specifications met by the majority of the instruments within the recommended calibration interval and under the stated operating conditions. Typical specifications are not warranted.
 - Characteristic or Supplemental Specifications describe basic functions and attributes of the instrument established by design or during development and not evaluated during Verification or Adjustment. They provide information that is relevant for the adequate use of the instrument that is not included in the previous definitions.
Analog Input Specifications
NI DSA and SC Express devices and modules typically only have analog input or analog output systems. There are specifications unique to DSA or SC Express, but also some specifications which apply to both. This section is organized in three sections to cover the common specifications, DSA analog input specific, and SC Express analog input specific.
Common Analog Input Specifications
Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) Type
Successive Approximation Register (SAR)
An ADC which converts an analog signal into a discrete digital representation by using a binary search to match a created voltage to the provided signal voltage.
An ADC architecture consisting of a 1-bit ADC and filtering circuitry which over-samples the input signal and performs noise-shaping to achieve a high-resolution digital output.
Oversample Rate
This terminology applies only to modules with delta-sigma ADCs. Delta-sigma ADCs use sample rates that are large multiples, such as 128 times the Nyquist rate for a given signal. For example, to sample a 25 kHz signal, a sample rate greater than the Nyquist rate (that is above 50 kHz) would be sufficient. However, a delta-sigma ADC using an oversample rate of 128 times, samples the signal at 6 MHz. This approach has several benefits, such as better anti-aliasing and higher resolution.
The oversampled data is processed by a digital filter within the ADC before the data is made available as an output. Since it takes a non-zero amount of time for the oversampled data to be processed by the digital filter, the output data rate is always lower than the oversample rate. The output data rate equals to the oversample rate divided by the ADC decimation ratio.
ADC Resolution
Resolution is the smallest amount of input signal change that a device or sensor can detect. The number of bits used to represent an analog signal determines the resolution of the ADC.
The NI PXIe-4300 is a 16-bit device, which means that lowest amplitude change that can be detected on the ±5 V range is 0.152 mV. On the ± 0.1 V range, this value is 3.05 µV.
This specification will state what frequencies are available to be used as the timebase frequency.
Specified typically in ppm, this specifies how far from the listed frequency the actual timebase frequency can be. This specification is subject to the device's cal interval spec.
This will state what external routes are available to be used as external timebases.
Reference Clock
Locking Frequencies
Typically shown in a table, this will show based on the reference signal provided what are valid locking frequencies for reference clock synchronization.
This will display what are valid reference clock sources for the device. This will typically consist of the onboard clock and the chassis backplane clock.
Filter Group Delay (ADC Filter Delay)
Analog Delay
This filter delay is the result of the signal passing through an analog filter on the device. The values of this will vary based on the range/gain being used on the device.
Digital Filter Delay
 Uncompensated Group Delay
This filter delay is the result of the following: analog filter delay, buffered mode digital filter, or hardware-timed single point mode filter. This delay is not compensated for when synchronizing and will need to be accounted for to not see a phase shift in the data.
Compensated Group Delay
This filter delay is the result of the anti-aliasing filter working in a bufered mode. When synchronized with other hardware this delay will be automatically compensated for.
Base Filter Group Delay
This delay is of a result of the signal passing through the digital anti-aliasing filter on the device. It is a partial component of the Compensated Group Delay spec, and is determined by the input frequency provided to the module.
Variable Filter Group Delay
This delay is of a result of the signal passing through the digital anti-aliasing filter on the device. It is a partial component of the Compensated Group Delay spec and is determined by the sample rate currently being used on the module.
Bandwidth/ Alias Rejection
Passband/ Alias-Free Bandwidth
The passband/Alias-Free Bandwidth is the defined as the frequency range starting at DC to the point where the anti-aliasing filter reaches its' -0.1 dB point. This range is where the signal being measured should exist to get a proper measurement
The PXIe-4464 lists its Alias-free bandwidth (BW) (passband) as "DC to 0.454 * fs" meaning from DC to 0.45 4 times your sample frequency will be the passband for your current measurement
Stopband/Alias Rejection
The stopband/alias rejection is defined by 2 parts, an attenuation or rejection spec as well as a frequency spec. The attenuation/rejection defines the minimum amount of attenuation that will be applied to the signal, while the frequency determines where the starting point for that attenuation will occur.
The specification for the PXIe-4330 is shown below.
For the PXIe-4330 this means that signals found at a frequency of 0.55 times the sample frequency will see an attenuation of 100 dB from the original signal.
Minimum Frequency for Alias Hole
The delta-sigma ADCs on devices include an oversampled architecture and sharp digital filters with cut-off frequencies that track the sampling rate. Due to how the digital filter is designed inside of the ADC, there becomes a small hole, where in theory aliases could be seen, at larger frequencies.
Rejection at Alias Hole
To combat the alias holes left by the ADC an analog fixed frequency filter is applied to high frequency components along the analog path. This specifies what rejection those high frequency components will see.
Common Mode Rejection Ratio (CMRR)
When the same signal is seen on the positive and negative inputs of an amplifier, the CMRR specifies how much of this signal is rejected from the final output (typically measured in dB). An ideal amplifier will remove 100% of the common mode signal, but this is not achievable in implementation.
The NI PXIe-4300 has a CMRR of 100 dB for the 5 V range. This means that it will attenuate common mode voltages by 100,000x. If the signal being measured is a 5 Vpk sine wave, and the offset or common voltage between the positive and negative inputs is 5 VDC, the final output will reject or attenuate the 5 VDC input to 5 µV. CMRR is not included in accuracy derivations and should be accounted for separately if the signal measured contains common mode voltages.
The measure of how much a signal on one channel can couple onto, or affect, an adjacent channel. Crosstalk exists any time an amplitude-varying signal is present on a wire or PCB trace that is physically close to another wire or PCB trace.
The NI PXIe-4464 has a crosstalk specification of -95 dB for adjacent channels and -125 dB for non-adjacent channels when using its' -10 dB Gain range. This means that channel ai2 will have a crosstalk specification of -95 dB between channels ai1 and ai3, and a crosstalk specification of -125 dB to all other ai channels.
Some modules such as the NI 4461 and NI 4464 support both DC and AC coupled modes. When DC coupling mode is selected, any DC offset in the source signal is passed on to the ADC. When AC


What does hibiscus moscheutos mean?
Definitions for hibiscus moscheutos
Here are all the possible meanings and translations of the word hibiscus moscheutos.
Princeton's WordNet
 1. rose mallow, swamp mallow, common rose mallow, swamp rose mallow, Hibiscus moscheutos(noun)
 showy shrub of salt marshes of the eastern United States having large rose-colored flowers
Freebase
 1. Hibiscus moscheutos
 Hibiscus moscheutos is a cold-hardy perennial wetland plant that can grow in large colonies. The hirsute leaves are of variable morphology, but commonly found as deltoidal in form and sometimes having up to three lobes. It is found in wetlands and along the riverine systems of the southeastern United States from Texas to the Atlantic states, its territory extending northward to southern Ontario. There exists in nature numerous forms and petal colors range from pure white to deep rose, and, except for one genome, all have an eye of deep maroon. Taxonomic consensus is lacking for the nomenclature of the multiple sub-species. The complete flowers are born apically, whereas the related Hibiscus laevis carries bud and bloom along the stem. In Canada it is listed as a species of special concern by the Species at Risk Act. Propagation can be accomplished by seed sown 0.6 cm below media and kept constantly moist, or by crown divisions during winter dormancy, and some success can be achieved by hard-wood stem cuttings. Numerous hybrids of the native North American Hibiscus species have been released by the commercial nursery trade. In cultivation the species or the hybrids can be an attractive addition to a bog garden or other water feature, not only adding visual appeal but also enhancing wildlife value for nectar-feeders and birds.
Numerology
 1. Chaldean Numerology
 The numerical value of hibiscus moscheutos in Chaldean Numerology is: 8
 2. Pythagorean Numerology
 The numerical value of hibiscus moscheutos in Pythagorean Numerology is: 3
Images & Illustrations of hibiscus moscheutos
 1. hibiscus moscheutoshibiscus moscheutoshibiscus moscheutos
Translations for hibiscus moscheutos
From our Multilingual Translation Dictionary
 - гибискуса moscheutosRussian
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Project public preposition
barking dog
Status not yet realized
Place People's House, Bucharest /RO
Technique Fences, spotlights, doghouse, 2 dogs in exchange, performance
Thanks Michaela Dedeoglu, Evelin Hust, Beate Köhler,
Oana Lapadatu, Mihai Oroveanu
Montage Archive Mischa Kuball, Düsseldorf /DE
barking dog, Bucharest (not realized)
For no other creature is territorial behavior so pronounced as it is for dogs. It is based on the instinct to take possession of a territory, to mark it and to defend it. Directly in front of the Palace of the Parliament in Bucharest the leashed or enclosed animal would be an appellative symbol of a lost terrain, of the seizure and appropriation of public space for dictatorial and propaganda purposes by the then president Nicolae Ceausescu. In the process of constructing the palace in 1984, which included extensive plazas and boulevards, around 40,000 homes and countless churches and synagogues were torn down, and evictions were carried out in parts of the old city in the 1970s. The site of the former "People's House" would be temporarily occupied by the visibly "domesticated" dog, who thus symbolically reclaims the environment and living space of the citizens. (JO)


text:
China's largest, hottest, and driest desert sits in the westernmost part of the country. Filling the Tarim Basin,
Dust blew out of the Taklimakan Desert in early November 2012. The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on NASA's Terra satellite captured this natural-color image on November 2, 2012. Part of the Taklimakan Desert appears along the left edge of the image. Dust plumes—thick enough in places to completely hide the land surface—blow away from the basin's eastern margin.
- World Wildlife Fund, McGinley, M. (2007) Taklamakan Desert. Encyclopedia of Earth. Accessed November 2, 2012.
NASA image courtesy Jeff Schmaltz, LANCE MODIS Rapid Response Team at NASA GSFC. Caption by Michon Scott.
- Terra - MODIS


text:
This study examines how probation officers' (POs) knowledge of juveniles' trauma influences probation practices. The study was conducted with POs who responded to a Web-based survey (n = 308). The POs were directed to randomly select one juvenile from their caseload and to complete the Probation Practices Assessment Survey to assess their knowledge of the youth's lifetime trauma and past-year stressful life experience and their practice approaches. Nineteen percent of youths were reported as having had lifetime exposure to at least one type of trauma (for example, physical assault, sexual assault, witness violent death). The most common traumatic experience was sexual assault, with 11% of POs reporting this experience among the study youths. Structural equation modeling results indicated that POs' knowledge of cumulative exposure to trauma is associated with treatment-oriented probation and counseling approaches. Results of this study signal the importance of careful assessments of exposure to trauma and stressful life events among youths on probation. The use of specialized trauma-informed assessment strategies also are recommended to increase the sensitivity of juvenile justice programs to trauma.
- _TAG_ the UN in Geneva | UNICEF
- Varieties of Moral Orders and the Dual Structure of Society: A Perspective from Positioning Theory
- Costa Rica has made major socio-economic progress but more efforts needed to reduce inequality and poverty
- Mandated reporters' experiences with reporting child maltreatment: a meta-synthesis of qualitative studies
- Unfortunate Cautionary Tale of Poverty in Maine
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source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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SORRY GUYS! MY MISTAKE! Thanks for your reminder, I found out f(0,k) == f(k,0) == 1. This question is about how to count the number of shortest paths from grid (0,0) to (m,n).
I have to solve the following equation now, find out exactly what f(m,n) equal to.
1) f(m,n) = 0 : when (m,n) = (0,0)
**2) f(m,n) = 1 : when f(0,k) or f(k,0)**
3) f(m,n) = f(m-1,n) + f(m,n-1) : when else
for example:
1) f(0,0) = 0;
2) f(0,1) = 1; f(2,0) = 1;
3) f(2,1) = f(1,1) + f(2,0) = f(0, 1) + f(1, 0) + f(2, 0) = 1 + 1 + 1 = 3
I remember there is a standard way to solve such kinds of binary recurrence equation as I learned in my algorithm class several years ago, but I just cannot remember for now.
Could anyone give any hint? Or a keyword how to find the answer?
share|improve this question
1
Do you mean you need to find the formula that doesn't use recursion? Or just an algorithm that computes the recurrence efficiently? – svick Jan 26 '12 at 23:03
3
Are you sure about f(2,1)=3 ? I read f(2,1)=f(1,1)+f(2,0)=(f(0,1)+f(1,0))+f(2,0)=(1+1)+2=2+2=4 – Eugen Rieck Jan 26 '12 at 23:03

You are tring to find the closed form solution right? – ElKamina Jan 26 '12 at 23:05

@EugenRieck Yes Thank you!! I made a mistake on that. Your understanding is correct. – JXITC Jan 26 '12 at 23:11

@svick yes, I need to reduce a equation only contains m and n, without any recurrence formula. It's a math problem, not a programming problem. – JXITC Jan 26 '12 at 23:12
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3 Answers
up vote 10 down vote accepted
Ugh, I was just having fun going through my old textbooks on generating functions, and you went and changed the question again!
This question is about how to count the number of shortest path from grid (0,0) to (m,n).
This is a basic combinatorics question - it doesn't require knowing anything about generating functions, or even recurrence relations.
To solve, imagine the paths being written out as a sequence of U's (for "up") and R's (for "right"). If we are moving from (0,0) to, say, (5, 8), there must be 5 R's and 8 U's. Just one example:
RRUURURUUURUU
There will always be, in this example, 8 U's and 5 R's; different paths will just have them in different orders. So we can just choose 8 positions for our U's, and the rest must be R's. Thus, the answer is
(8+5) choose (8)
Or, in general,
(m+n) choose (m)
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WOW! Pretty explanation! Love you! – JXITC Jan 26 '12 at 23:31
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This is simply the binomial coefficient
f(m,n) = (m+n choose m) = (m+n choose n)
You can prove this by noting that they satisfy the same recurrence relation.
To derive the formula (if you couldn't just guess and then check), use generating functions as Chris Nash correctly suggests.
share|improve this answer

thank you so much:) – JXITC Jan 26 '12 at 23:38
add comment
Try looking up "generating functions" in the literature. One approach would be to imagine a function P(x,y) where the coefficient of x^m y^n is f(m,n). The recurrence line (line 3) tells you that P(x,y) - x.P(x,y) - y.P(x,y) = (1-x-y) P(x,y) should be pretty simple except for those pesky edge values. Then solve for P(x,y).
Are you sure f(k,0) = f(0,k) = k, and not 1, maybe? If it were, I'd say the best bet would be to write some values out, guess what they are, then prove it.
share|improve this answer

= =! I made a mistake again. Yes, it's 1...... OMG, how silly I was. I am about to rewrite the question. – JXITC Jan 26 '12 at 23:17

And thank you for your answer, I am looking at generating functions now. :) – JXITC Jan 26 '12 at 23:21
2
That's great news... the original problem was very ugly. The revised one is very pretty. Write out some values in a table, and turn your head 45 degrees. ;) – Chris Nash Jan 26 '12 at 23:25

Haha, that's much clearer, I now finally realize its underlying point. Thank you! – JXITC Jan 26 '12 at 23:31

grins f(0,0) is 1 too, actually. There's precisely one way to go nowhere :) – Chris Nash Jan 26 '12 at 23:36
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Although it may difficult to cite all the sects, what are some major Christian sects that promote "faith healing"?
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2 Answers 2
up vote 2 down vote accepted
Christian Science:
The Christian Science Journal records the healings and spiritual insights of those who faithfully practice Christian Science. Individuals share how an ever-developing understanding of God has healed, enlightened, and blessed them, expanding their spirituality and ability to heal others. Below are a few sample articles.
The Journal also includes a worldwide directory of Christian Science practitioners, teachers, and Christian Science nurses available to anyone interested in spiritual healing, as well as a listing of all Christian Science churches and societies throughout the world. The directory is here as well as in the right column of this page.
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The concept of "faith healing" is pretty broad and you would need to supply your own definition if you want a very specific answer. Lacking that, here is the general lay of the land.
Most Christian traditions actually believe (have faith) that God can and even does heal people. However I doubt this is what you are referring to. Where most denominations back off is when it comes to the recipient being able to demand (in faith?) to be healed and the result is seen as reflecting on the amount of faith rather than strictly God's sovereign will to say yes or no.
Of the latter kind of faith healing, it is most prevalent among Pentecostal and extreme Charismatic groups. It is given varying degrees of importance from a sometimes mentioned subject to a key item used as primary evidence of belief and even for evangelism.
A few less common groups with less direct ties to Christianity such as the Christian Scientist movement also promote this, although their implementation often varies from the kind of thing you see trumpeted on questionable TV channels.
It does sometimes pop up in other circles, even Catholic ones, but is generally not well received by other traditions. Again, other traditions may believe that God can and does grant healing and our faith plays a role in that, but the kind of belief and practice that probably comes to mind from watching TV evangelists is mostly the domain of Pentecostal movements.
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Thanks for the clarification. It sounds like you're expressing a bias however. "They may believe that God can and does grant healing and our faith plays a role in that, but the idea that's probably in your head from TV evangelists" Shouldn't we assume that the "idea" is real for the followers and not from TV evangelists? – rpeg Sep 26 '12 at 17:25
There is no question when it comes to the issue, I am biased. However that's not how I meant that -- what I was suggesting was a caricature at the far end of a spectrum, but I also know that what most people from non Christian backgrounds including yourself imagine this belief to be is likely to be more like that caricature than anything else and the place you'll find anything resembling that is in Pentecostalism. – Caleb Sep 26 '12 at 18:27
Your Answer


Poverty in Portugal
Portugal is usually known as a hotspot for tourists; a country filled with breathtaking historical sites and exquisite cuisine. Even though it may look like a luxury spot for vacation from the outside, Portugal is actually a country filled with economic and financial problems. Behind the array of castles, cathedrals and towers lay people living on the streets because of unemployment and children that are suffering. Why is poverty in Portugal such a big problem?
Poverty in Portugal: Top 10 Facts
 1. There are almost 2.6 million people living below the poverty line in Portugal, according to the National Statistics Institute. 487,000 of the citizens living in poverty in the country are under the age of 18.
 3. Portugal is known as one of the European countries that work the most, although, the hourly wage for workers is extremely low compared to other countries in Europe.
 4. Parents have to work multiple jobs, leaving them with less time to spend with their children. Due of this, students have been known to act out more and come to school not having eaten a proper breakfast.
 5. Unemployment is one of the main causes of poverty in Portugal. In 2018, the unemployment rate dropped down to 7.9 percent.
 6. After the 2008 recession, Portugal did not progress economically compared to the other countries around the world. Economic growth has been slowing down since then.
 7. A lot of families are forced to live in shacks or shambled housing due to poverty in Portugal. The need for suitable housing in the country is increasing, especially in urban areas.
 8. Portugal has the highest rate of HIV/AIDs in all of Western Europe.
 9. Child labor is common in the northern and central parts of Portugal. Many children under the age of 16 are made to beg on the streets and even have to leave school in search of work.
 10. Elderly citizens and children are more likely to be living in poverty in Portugal than any other group of people. The elderly are the most dominant demographic in Portugal, especially in more rural areas.
What is the Future of Portugal?
Portugal's president, Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa mentioned that citizens should not be simply pretending that poverty doesn't exist in their country. It is indeed disturbing that in Portugal almost 2.6 million people are at risk of poverty.
In March at the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation in Lisbon, President de Sousa discussed his national strategy for increasing the growth of employment, education, housing and health to hopefully eradicate poverty in Portugal. He said that he believes the country had been in a rut since the financial crisis and a global strategy must be implemented immediately to eradicate it.
– McKenzie Hamby
Photo: Flickr


Shipper Information Tab in the Shipper Editor Window
The Shipper Information tab allows you to add the address information for a new shipper or modify some fields for an existing shipper.
Using the Shipper Information tab:
 1. To add shipper information for a new shipper, provide the information in the appropriate boxes. See Address Guidelines.
 2. To modify shipper information for an existing shipper:
 3. View the following read-only fields: Address 1, Address 2, Country/Territory, Postal Code, City or Town, State/Province/County, UPS Account Number, and PTN.
 4. Verify and update the following fields as needed: Shipper Name, Contact, Address 3, Telephone, Fax, Tax ID Number, Tax ID Type, and E-mail Address (see Validate E-mail Addresses).
 1. Click the OK button. The Shipper Editor window appears.
 2. Click the Close button. The Shipping window appears.


text:
Standard Test Method for Determining Vapor Pressure by Thermal Analysis
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for the determination of the vapor pressure of pure liquids or melts from boiling point measurements made using differential thermal analysis (DTA) or differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) instrumentation operated at different applied pressures.
1.2 this test method may be used for the temperature range 273 to 773 K (0 to 500 degrees C) and for the pressures between 5 kPa to 2 MPa. These ranges may differ depending upon the instrumentation used and the thermal stability of materials tested. Because a range of applied pressures is required by this test method, the analyst is best served by use of instrumentation referred to as high pressure differential thermal instrumentation (HPDSC or HPDTA).
1.3 Computer or electronic-based instruments, techniques, or data treatment equivalent to this test method may also be used. Users of this test method are expressly advised that all such instruments or techniques may not be equivalent. It is the responsibility of the user of this test method to determine the necessary equivalency prior to use. In the case of dispute, only the manual procedures are to be considered valid.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Formato físico y digital
Nota: Precios sin IVA ni gastos de envío
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Updating primary key db2
The primary key of EMP is EMPNO; the primary key of DEPT is DEPTNO.
The table with the primary key is called the parent table and the table with the foreign key is called the dependent table (or child table).Referential integrity (RI), therefore, can be defined as a method of ensuring data integrity between tables related by primary and foreign keys.When RI is implemented between tables DB2 will guarantee that an acceptable value is always in each foreign key column based on the data values of the primary key columns.The same constraint name cannot be specified more than once for the same table.
If a constraint name is not explicitly coded, DB2 will automatically create a unique name for the constraint derived from the name of the first column in the foreign key.
For any given referential constraint, the parent table is the table that contains the primary key and the child table is the table that contains the foreign key. The parent table in the employs relationship is the DEPT table. So the primary key (say DEPTNO) resides in the DEPT table and a corresponding foreign key of the same data type and length, but not necessarily the with same column name (say WORKDEPT), exists in the EMP table.


Useful tips
How do you fix another instance of this application is already running?
How do you fix another instance of this application is already running?
How to Fix Another Instance Is Running Error in Windows 10 / 11
 1. Fix 1 – Set Workstation Service to Automatic.
 2. Fix 2 – Uninstall Web Companion from PC.
 3. Fix 3 -Update Windows.
 4. Fix 4 -Clean Boot PC from Safe Mode.
 5. Fix 5 – Run SFC Scan.
 6. Fix 6 -Run DISM Scan.
 7. Fix 7 -End Problematic Process from Task Manager.
How do I open another instance of a program?
To open a second window of certain open apps, just hold Shift and click on the icon in your taskbar. For programs like Word, Notepad, File Explorer, and Chrome, this will open a second window with a blank document. You can work in that instance of the app separately from whatever else you already have open.
How do I run another instance of Windows?
First, open the application you want to run in multiple instances. Then, hold down the Shift key on your keyboard and click with your cursor – or tap with your finger – on its taskbar icon. One click or tap opens a new instance, two clicks or taps open two, and so on.
What is the meaning of another instance?
a a different example of the same sort.
How do you stop another instance of Certbot is already running?
You need to kill the other certbot process. You can do that by rebooting the box. Or by killing the specific process.
What is an instance of a program?
An instance is a single copy of the software running on a single physical or virtual server. If you run two copies of the software on the same physical or virtual server, that counts as two instances.
How do I block multiple instances of a program in windows 10?
In order to disable multiple instances of an app on Windows 10, you need to install a free app called SingleInstance. Go ahead and download, and run the app. The app, by default, has one app pre-configured and that's the Calculator app on Windows 10.
How do I block multiple instances of a program in Windows 10?
How do I stop Certbot?
To uninstall certbot-auto , you need to do three things:
 1. If you added a cron job or systemd timer to automatically run certbot-auto to renew your certificates, you should delete it.
 2. Delete the certbot-auto script.
 3. Delete the Certbot installation created by certbot-auto by running sudo rm -rf /opt/eff.org .
How do I uninstall Certbot?
4 Answers
 1. Remove Certbot sudo certbot delete.
 2. Remove Certbot's Apache package sudo apt purge python-certbot-apache.
 3. Disable the SSL config file created by certbot sudo a2dissite 000-default-le-ssl.conf.
What does instance mean?
1 : a particular occurrence of something : example an instance of true bravery. 2 : a certain point or situation in a process or series of events In most instances, the medicine helps. instance.
What is an instance in programming examples?
In programming, an instance is one occurrence of a class or object. For example, a program may have a class/object named Animal, but there could be many instances of Animal, such as lion, cat, and dog.
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LinuxQuestions.org
LinuxQuestions.org (/questions/)
- Programming (_URL_
- - Combine number and text (_URL_
Ephracis 11-17-2004 09:39 AM
Combine number and text

I have a this code right now:
Code:
QLabel *label = new QLabel("text", this, "name");
The function QLabel takes three arguments, the first is the actual text, the second is the parent widget and the last (the interesting) is the name of the label (not the name of the variable).
The question is really easy (I think). I don't know how many of these I will need, so I would get the number of labels at runtime and then I would like to call them "name1", "name2", etc by just using a for-loop, that would produce like:
Code:
for (int i = 0; i<num; i++)
 QLabel ? = new QLabel("text", this, ?);
produces
QLabel *label1 = new QLabel("text", this, "name1");
QLabel *label2 = new QLabel("text", this, "name2");
QLabel *label3 = new QLabel("text", this, "name3");
...
QLabel *labeln = new QLabel("text", this, "namen");
How can I do this, combine both the string "text" with the integer i in the argument, and also combine the text "label" with the same number in the name of the variable.
Hivemind 11-17-2004 10:02 AM
A simple solution would be to have a function that returns the next label name.
Untested code:
Code:
const std::string& next_label = get_next_label_name();
QLabel *label = new QLabel("text", this, next_label.c_str());
Where get_next_label_name() is defined as:
Code:
std::string get_next_label_name()
{
 static int count = 1;
 std::ostringstream oss;
 oss << "Name " << count++;
 return oss.str();
}
Ephracis 11-17-2004 10:46 AM
I still have the problem with the variable-name. This one is really important. Is there even a solution to this? Can I create like three variables called var1, var2, var3 with a for-loop, without using arrays.
Hko 11-17-2004 11:13 AM
You simply cannot do it that way.
You can, however, use an array or a QList of pointers to QLabel's.
An array would look something like this:
Code:
QLabel *labels[100];
for (int i = 0; i < 100; ++i) {
 std::ostringstream oss;
 oss << "Name " << i;
 labels[i] = new QLabel("text", this, oss.str());
}
All times are GMT -5. The time now is 05:29 AM.


text:
Get the pip
Become irritated or annoyed.
It isn't likely that anyone would guess the original meaning of 'the Pip'. The odd fact is that it was coined in the 15th century as the name of a respiratory disease of birds. Specifically a disease that had a typical symptom of a white scaly patch on the tongue. This is first cited in the Middle English translation of the 4th century Roman writer Palladius's De Re Rustica, circa 1440:
And other while an hen wul ha the pippe,
A whit pilet that wul the tonge enrounde
Contemporary with that usage is a reference to a human disease. This appears in John Lelamour's translation of the 15th century herbal guide the Macer Herbal:
Playnteyn helithe the pipe [Plantain heals the pip]
It's good to find a use for plantain, which most gardeners revile as a noxious weed.
Some early citations concerning the human disease Pip refer to it as a disease of the mouth and it may be that duplicates the bird disease name. Other citations are quite varied in their context and it is more likely that 'Pip' was a jokey disease name, somewhat like 'lurgy' or 'nadgers'.
Most references to 'the pip' related specifically to the bird disease, which appears to have been well known and is frequently referred to in print. People in poor spirits were described as 'like a chicken with the pip' etc.
It wasn't until the 19th century that the specific avian references were dropped and people who were were annoyed or dispirited began to be described simply as having 'got the pip'. An example of that comes in High and Low, a novel by the English author Henry Coke, 1845:
"Yes, will you come?"
"I want to come, but here's More says he won't go."
"What's the matter, has he got the pip?" inquired his lordship.


Tolkien Gateway
Neekerbreekers were large and loud insects related to crickets. They dwelt in the Midgewater Marshes and squeaked all through the night, calling "neek-breek, breek-neek". Sam Gamgee gave them the name 'Neekerbreekers'.[1]
[edit] Etymology
Neekerbreekers were named so because of their sound, perhaps like that of a cricket.[2]
[edit] External links


text:
Comparison of the Limberg flap and bilateral gluteus maximus advancing flap following oblique excision for the treatment of pilonidal sinus disease
MetadataShow full item record
This study was performed to compare the use of a bilateral gluteus maximus advancing flap (BGMAF) following oblique incision, which was recently described for the surgical treatment of sacrococcygeal pilonidal sinus (SPS) disease, with the widely used Limberg flap (LF) technique following a rhomboid incision. A total of 105 patients treated for SPS were evaluated retrospectively. The patients were evaluated in terms of their age, body mass index, symptoms, length of the operation, complications, postoperative hospital stay, time to return to work, postoperative cosmetic satisfaction and recurrence rate. Fifty-six of the patients were treated with BGMAF, while 49 were treated with LF. The mean follow-up was 20.5 +/- A 5.4 months. The mean length of the operation, hospital stay and time to return to work were shorter, while the cosmetic satisfaction score was higher in the BGMAF group compared to the LF group. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups for the other criteria. The BGMAF appears to be superior to the LF in terms of the length of the operation, time to return to work and degree of cosmetic satisfaction. It is preferable for sinuses not to require wide excision, while the LF is more appropriate for sinuses with a large post-excision defect.


Swift meetup question: if would like to mention a method of a class in Objective-C in text I do it so -[Class method:parameter] or +[Class method:parameter] if it's about a class method. How should I do this in case of Swift? If I write Class.method(_parameter:) it is not clear is it about method of a class or an instance.


Follow TV Tropes
Broken Bridge
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medibot: A wall composed entirely of plot.
Kung-Fu Jesus: The most powerful substance known to video game characters.
An obstacle that prevents you from progressing to the next Adventure Town and advancing the plot further. Once this plot advancement has occurred, the bridge is fixed. Named for one of the most common methods, a bridge that's out/fallen.
This is often a method of "Railroading", as it allows the game designers or GMs of Tabletop RPGs to follow a specific path until the plot has reached the desired point.
Not necessarily a literal bridge — the trope applies to any random obstacle that exists just to keep you from going Off the Rails. Some of the more common non-bridge examples:
 - Avalanche or large boulder blocks the mountain pass.
 - An NPC Roadblock, where a person blocks your path or refuses to allow entry past a certain point.
 - Impassable body of water, and the boat is currently unavailable.
 - A Locked Door blocks your path, and cannot be opened, bypassed, or destroyed until you get the proper key.
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 - Adorable little kid asks for your help with some random task, like saving his lost brother or finding medicine for his mom. One or more of the members of your party (usually The Chick) will feel pity for him and, since they can't resist random chivalry, demand that you stop and help. If you try to leave anyway, they'll whine and stop you.
 - You've been declared an outlaw in a particular place, and can't return there until you've cleared your name.
 - You're supposed to meet an NPC in a particular place, but they either haven't arrived yet or have gone off somewhere for a brief while. They won't show up until after you've wandered around town for a while and gotten yourself into trouble.
 - You've commissioned an NPC to make an essential item or perform some other task for you, but they warn you that it's going to take a while. Since you can stand around for days or weeks without the requisite time passing, the time elapsed in-game is instead measured by the plot advancement.
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 - A strong enemy that is utterly invincible against your abilities stands in your way. If you follow the plot railroad properly, then you will either get an upgrade that allows the undefeatable enemy to become beatable, someone else will come along to defeat it, or it will wander off.
 - A puzzle thwarts the player's progress until a "correct" solution is discovered. Common in adventure games, and usually accompanied by the player's character saying I Can't Reach It or Informing the Fourth Wall.
If you're lucky, the removal of the broken bridge will logically follow from solving the Fetch Quest (i.e., the person who removes it will be the one you helped in the fetch quest), but many game designers aren't that devoted. Often the fetch quest is just a Solve the Soup Cans puzzle, and the broken bridge just happens to be solved independently while you're off retrieving the girl's necklace or whatever. Another logical solution is to use The Great Repair on a damaged transport.
If the heroes go off to fix the bridge, there may be villains to defeat or some plot twist revealed.
Tool used by designers to keep you on the One True Sequence. Event Flags are how they implement this. A poorly-designed broken bridge (from a mechanical standpoint) will often be the victim of clever gamers. Don't go crying if there's an Empty Room Psych on the other side though.
May overlap with Insurmountable Waist-Height Fence, if the characters should logically be able to bypass or remove the obstacle but can't because the plot says so. Border Patrol is a variant on the "impossibly strong enemy" idea mentioned above. In mythology, a similar concept is called Threshold Guardians and finally the Beef Gate for when the threshold in question can be overcome if your character(s) have become strong/skilled enough to overcome the aforementioned threshold.
While they both use monsters, Beef Gates are different in that a Beef Gate could be beaten by Level Grinding, skilled play, or exploits. If the monster is made of invincibility until the plot says otherwise, it's a broken bridge.
If something appears to be a broken bridge, but never actually lets you by at any point in the game, see Missing Secret. Ability Required to Proceed is a subtrope of Broken Bridge. In this case, gaining new powers serves as a way to "repair" the bridges and move forward in the game.
If a broken bridge or other obstacle prevents you from returning to earlier areas, it's a Point of No Return. Compare Inescapable Ambush.
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 Action-Adventure Games
 - Ecstatica starts with the player entering a village only connected by a bridge, and trying to head back will result in the bridge breaking, even though in the final cutscene the bridge is restored and perfectly usable with no explanation.
 - In the Western GTA clone Gun, the main character is trapped in the initial town because the only bridge over the canyon was destroyed by Native Americans and he can't progress until he undertakes a mission to protect the bridge builders from further attacks.
 - Legend of Kay features a very literal broken bridge: the items you have to go get in the Fetch Quest are precisely the items needed to extend the bridge.
 - The Legend of Zelda games are quite fond of this. You will very often find paths blocked by boulders, pits, etc., that usually require a specific dungeon treasure to get past.
 - The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time has a couple of interesting subversions, such as a literal Broken Bridge that will not be fixed until after you figure out how to cross over it anyway, and an NPC who can be commissioned to do something for you that, when he tells you to wait a few days for it to be done, actually means it. No plot advancement necessary. Just wait a few days, really. And you can speed this up with your ocarina. That said, the game does have some classic broken bridge scenarios, such as King Zora being directly in the way of getting to the third Spiritual Stone dungeon until you bring him a note from his daughter that convinces him to move out of the way, Sheik standing directly in front of the Master Sword's pedestal to prevent you from returning to the past until after you've cleared one Temple, various Kokiri boxing you in during the beginning of the game until plot points are fulfilled, etc.
 - The Groundhog Day Looping The Legend of Zelda: Majora's Mask had a variation where a pass blocked by a rock would, if you waited for workers to clear it, only be opened after it was far too late. You had to show up with a huge bomb once you unlocked it and blast it open ahead of time.
 - In fact Majora's Mask is worse on this matter than just that. You want to go the Swamp? Just dandy! Wanna go to the mountains? Well you have to shoot down an icicle with an arrow (found in the swamp) that breaks the ice blocking your path. You wanna to go the beach? Well you're going to need a horse (which can only be gotten by going to the mountains to get a big enough bomb to unclog the path) to jump over a fence. Wanna go to the canyon? Get ready to write this one down. You're gonna need to find the horse to hop over fences, then ditch the horse and use the hookshot to get past a cliffside, and then, here's the kicker, use ice arrows to freeze octoroks so you can cross the river. (Fortunately, as with OoT, when you reach a new area you can learn a warp song that flies you back as often as you want.)
 - Similarly, at the beginning of the game you're stuck in Deku scrub form, so the guards bar you from leaving town because it's too dangerous outside the walls...until it's too late and they have bigger things to worry about. You can only pass by completing the first quest, retrieving your Ocarina of Time and escaping deku scrub form. However, even once you do this, the guards will continue to stop you from leaving town if you're in the wrong form.
 - The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess has at least three literal examples. In two cases, you even have to use the game's portal system to literally go get the bridge yourself.
 - In the first case, if you save and quit at the wrong time after the bridge is stolen, you will be reloaded on the wrong side of the bridge, making the game Unwinnable, as all other paths are blocked by indestructible barriers or other broken bridges at this point.
 - Another one happens in the Forest Temple, where Ook cuts down the central bridge with the Boomerang and you have to rescue the captive monkeys throughout the temple to cross.
 - you actually go all the way to the first dungeon near the beginning of the game, but its entrance is blocked with boulders. Sometime between the Ordon children in the woods plot and purging Faron of the twilight, the boulders get replaced with a web you can burn with your lantern.
 - The Legend of Zelda: Phantom Hourglass does this right at the beginning. As soon as you're told (and allowed) to go off to the east, the bridge crumbles from an earthquake. The two people you can talk to about it say "Oh, the bridge is broken? Well,


text:
The following will allow you to operate the BO300 Blues Overdrive stompbox to its full potential:
1. Connect your guitar to the input jack of the BO300 using a 1/4" instrument cable.
2. Connect your amp to the output jack of the BO300 using a 1/4" instrument cable.
3. Use the LEVEL control to adjust the overall volume.
4. Use the TONE control to add tube-like warmth to the overall sound.
5. Use the GAIN control to adjust the amount of overdrive.
As always, experiment with the controls until the desired effect is achieved.


text:
DOE/NNSA NEWS RELEASE
The U.S. Department of Energy/National Nuclear Security Administration proposes to install two eight-foot-wide microwave dishes and accompanying infrastructure on the roof of a leased property in Santa Fe, NM. The microwave dishes are needed to provide redundant network capabilities with the communications tower recently installed at Technical Area 53 at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL).
Installation would include the two microwave dishes and accompanying infrastructure on the roof of the Pacheco Complex in Santa Fe and two eight-foot microwave dishes on the cellular tower located at the bend of Leda Road in TA-53 at LANL. The existing tower at TA-53 is a 70-foot-tall monopole structure with radio antennae. Investigations of microwave technology have identified a clear line of sight of approximately 22 miles between the Pacheco Complex and the TA-53 communications tower.
The microwave dishes would be used alongside the primary overhead fiber-optic cable to provide the required level of bandwidth (5 Gbps) to keep communications intact. LANL has identified a need for this project by recognizing the vulnerability for communications with the existing fiber-optic line between LANL and Santa Fe due to power outages and mechanical failures. The Categorical Exclusion can be accessed online at _URL_


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When typing < or > in LaTeX and compiling with pdflatex, the less than and greater than symbols appear at upside down exclamation points. I'm not in math mode.
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using it in a regression results table in a paper. – biased_estimator Aug 28 '10 at 2:44
_USER_: "This example holds true for all cases where n >= 3". – SabreWolfy Feb 2 '12 at 13:02
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4 Answers
up vote 79 down vote accepted
Geoffs tip with \textless and \textgreater will work well for you. However, you could type these symbols < and > directly in your editor and they would be correctly printed if you use the recommended font encoding, Cork resp. T1:
Have a look at the T1 encoding table, search for the symbols < and >. Afterwards, open the OT1 encoding table, which is the default. At the two corresponding places you will find the upside down exclamation resp. quotation mark. That should explain it.
For further reasons, why you should use T1 encoding, have a look at this question: Why should I use \usepackage[T1]{fontenc}?
You should use a font supporting T1. For instance use the very good Latin Modern font, derived from the standard fonts:
Or install the cm-super package which provides the standard Computer Modern fonts with T1 support.
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Further reading: Latin Modern vs cm-super? – doncherry Jan 31 '13 at 6:46
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Use \textless and \textgreater.
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unless they are part of a math expression, in which case they should be between dollar signs or \(... \) along with the rest of the math expression. – barbara beeton Aug 26 '10 at 19:51
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May be using some other sane font encoding, something like \usepackage[T1]{fontenc} or something. (Well, I don't think any of this legacy font encoding and input encoding is sane any way).
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+1 for your opinion in parentheses! – Lover of Structure Dec 26 '13 at 0:36
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What I usually do is just enter mathmode to type them, e.g. This object is $<$ that object.
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That is generally considered poor style. You should just write out "This object is less than that object." Occasionally, you'll see "foo is <0." This looks bad. – TH. Aug 27 '10 at 23:32
That's definitely true. However, if you're using LaTeX to organize your thoughts (as i often do), 'good style' equates to 'will I understand what I wrote if I come back and look at it in a week'! – Avi Steiner Sep 3 '10 at 3:30
_USER_.: I agree with you. My experiency tells me too that text and math code should not be mixed up. Good style would be either writing "The variable $foo$ is less than zero." (as you mentioned) or "The variable $foo$ satisfies the relation/condition $foo<0$.", which would probably suit your application. Good style means also to define variables at the first use. – strpeter Dec 7 '13 at 8:07
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text:
I was given an explanation that birds and reptiles are polyspermic because they have an abundant yolk sac. But how does it explain the thing?
Chicken as an adult is not using in my opinion yolk as an energy source. Yolk is used during embryogenesis as the primary energy source with blastula and gastrula -stages and during organogenesis, since the embryo needs proteins and energy somewhere.
How does abundant yolk sac make birds and reptiles polyspermic?


text:
The Anatomy and Morphology of the Coffee Plant
Original color poster depicting the anatomy and morphology of the coffee plant, including the stem, flower, and fruit, as well a look at the development of the coffee plant's seed and fruit. This is a great resource for all coffee professionals, providing a detailed look at the major components of a coffee plant that impact quality. The poster measures 32 inches wide and 22 inches tall.
More from this collection


text:
In this work, New composite material was developed from marble and granite waste , the unit for recycling of marble and granite wastes was designed, the prototype was tested in manufacturing of thermoplastic based composite from marble and granite wastes respectively, the main characteristics of both composite materials were measured, the structure of the new composite materials were determined by SEM, the composition were determined by EDX analysis, the particle size and elemental analysis were evaluated by the same technique, the volume resistivity and abrasive wear was evaluated. Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) was measured to determine the operation temperature of the new composite materials. Thermal conductivity of new composite material was calculated from the role of mixture. The main applications of the new composite materials were mentioned according to the characteristics measured.
"Characteristics of Micro and Nano Composite from Marble and Granite Wastes,"
International Journal of Thin Film Science and Technology: Vol. 10
, PP -.
Available at: _URL_


text:
What is the origin of the last name Benson?
Countries of origin for the last name Benson
The last name Benson is of English origin and is derived from the name Benedict. The name Benedict comes from the Latin word "benedictus" meaning "blessed." It is a patronymic surname, indicating that it is based on the given name of an ancestor.
The surname Benson is relatively common in English-speaking countries, particularly in the United States. It ranked as the 375th most common surname in the United States according to the 2000 census. It is likely that many individuals with the last name Benson can trace their ancestry back to England or other English-speaking countries.
The Benson surname has variations in spelling, including Bensin, Bensan, and Bennison. These variations may have developed over time due to regional accents, illiteracy, or transcription errors. It is important to consider these variations when conducting genealogical research or analyzing historical records.
Historically, individuals with the Benson surname were involved in a variety of occupations. Some were farmers, laborers, or craftsmen, while others held positions of authority or served in the military. The specific occupation of an individual with the last name Benson would likely depend on factors such as their geographic location and social status.
Researching the Benson surname can provide insights into familial connections, migration patterns, and social history. Genealogical records, such as birth, marriage, and death certificates, census records, and immigration records, can be valuable sources of information for individuals interested in tracing their Benson ancestry.
While the known facts about the Benson surname provide a foundation for understanding its meaning and significance, there are still unanswered questions and possibilities for further exploration. Delving deeper into historical documents, conducting DNA analysis, and connecting with other individuals with the Benson surname can contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of this last name and its variations.
Interesting facts about the last name Benson
- Benson is a surname of English origin.
- It is derived from the medieval given name "Benn," which is a short form of "Benedict," meaning "blessed" in Latin.
- The name became a surname when it was bestowed upon the offspring of someone named Benn or Benedict.
- The surname Benson is predominantly found in English-speaking countries such as the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, and Australia.
- In Norway, Benson is a relatively common surname of Norwegian and Swedish origin.
- As of 2021, Benson is ranked as the 731st most common surname in the United States.
- Famous individuals with the surname Benson include American singer and songwriter George Benson, American author and psychiatrist Bernard L. Benson, and British novelist E.F. Benson.
- The Benson family name also appears in popular culture, such as the character Benson DuBois from the TV show "Benson."


text:
On site calibrations for emissions trading
According to the Monitoring Regulation (EU No. 601/2012) and the EU Allocation Regulation Art. 7 para. 1, data sources with the highest achievable accuracy must be used for measurements to quantify emissions. Especially for heat meters in older installations and the use of non-MID compliant heat meters (i.e. without existing conformity assessment and declaration), you can achieve hierarchy level 1 data sources with an on-site calibration of the flow sensors by our DIN EN ISO/IEC 17025 accredited testing laboratory. Thus, the actual uncertainties of the measuring devices under operating conditions are determined and it is not necessary to consider the usually larger traffic error limits.
Provide evidence of the measurement uncertainties through regular calibrations.
This is a significant accounting advantage. Use it.


Basis of the bargain test
Under section 2-313 of the Uniform Commercial Code, when determining whether an express warranty exists or is valid in a sale of goods between two parties, the court asks if any promise or affirmation, any description of the goods or any sample or model of the goods displayed by a seller "became a basis of the bargain" between a buyer and a seller thereby creating an express warranty on the goods.
Though this test is used by the courts to determine if an express warranty exists, it is unclear in the case law how precisely basis of the bargain is defined, if actual buyer reliance on the promise or description is required, or if the information is something that a reasonable buyer can rely on will suffice to meet the requirment.


Meaning of DISH (SOMETHING) OUT in English
dish something ↔ out phrasal verb ( see also ↑ dish )
1. to give something to various people in a careless way:
We dished out some leaflets there too.
Paul tends to dish out unwanted advice.
2. to serve food to people:
Sam's dishing out sandwiches if you want one.
3. somebody can dish it out but they can't take it used to say that someone often criticizes other people, but does not like being criticized


Whole cell fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) with 16S rRNA targeted oligonucleotides was applied to reveal the microbial ecological structure of UASB-grown granular sludge. The FISH analysis indicated that the members of the domain Archaea accounted for 28 to 53% of the total cells in various granular sludge sources, while Methanosaeta and Methanobacteriaceae cells accounted for 13 to 38%, and 4 to 27%, respectively. Methanosaeta cell density and Methanobacteriaceae cell density were strongly correlated, respectively, with acetate-utilizing methane production activity and with hydrogen-utilizing methane production activity.
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The Happy Challenge - Cape Agulhas, Western Cape
The Happy Challenge - Cape Agulhas, Western Cape
Published: 14. June 2019
By: Eric
'Cape Agulhas' is the most southern tip of Africa. This official meeting point of the Indian Ocean and Atlantic Ocean is also the point of convergence of the Mozambique and Benguela currents.The Agulhas bank is a unique geographical formation which bears the title 'Graveyard of Ships' due to this challenging crossing resulting in numerous shipwrecks. When seafaring Portuguese vessels rounded this Cape tip in the 15th century their compass needles would swing unable to determine True North from Magnetic North. As a result, in 1488 the Portuguese navigator, Bartholomew Dias, named this ocean site 'Capo das Agulhas' translating to 'Cape of Needles'.....
The location?
Google Maps
How to get there?
Follow the N2 from from Cape Town to Bredasdorp and then due south down to Agulhas. The distance is approximately 210 km / 2 hours drive.
Things to do?
Climbing the lighthouse and breathing in the salty, clean air is a must. You've come a long way so why not!
Best place for your photo?
At the marker close to the lighthouse which indicates the official dividing line between the Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean.
Blog home


follows:
// Change the foreground to blue when the mouse enters the button
void Button_MouseEnter(object sender, MouseEventArgs e)
{
 Button b = sender as Button;
 if (b != null) b.Foreground = Brushes.Blue;
}
// Restore the foreground to black when the mouse exits the button
void Button_MouseLeave(object sender, MouseEventArgs e)
{
 Button b = sender as Button;
 if (b != null) b.Foreground = Brushes.Black;
}
With a property trigger, however, you can accomplish this same behavior purely in XAML. The following concise Trigger object is (just about) all you need:
<Trigger Property="IsMouseOver" Value="True">
 <Setter Property="Foreground" Value="Blue"/>
</Trigger>
This trigger can act upon Button's IsMouseOver property, which becomes true at the same time the MouseEnter event is raised and false at the same time the MouseLeave event is raised. Note that you don't have to worry about reverting Foreground to black when IsMouseOver changes to false. This is automatically done by WPF!
The only trick is assigning this Trigger to each Button. Unfortunately, because of an artificial limitation in WPF version 3.0, you can't apply property triggers directly to elements such as Button. They can only be applied inside a Style object, so an in-depth examination of property triggers is saved for Chapter 10. In the meantime, if you want to experiment with property triggers, you could apply the preceding Trigger to a Button by wrapping it in a few intermediate XML elements as follows:
<Button MinWidth="75" Margin="10">
<Button.Style>

 </Style>
</Button.Style>
 OK
</Button>
Property triggers are just one of three types of triggers supported by WPF. A data trigger is a form of property trigger that works for all .NET properties (not just dependency properties), also covered in Chapter 10. An event trigger enables you to declaratively specify actions to take when a routed event (covered later in the chapter) is raised. Event triggers always involve working with animations or sounds, so they aren't covered until Chapter 13, "Animation."
Warning - Don't be fooled by an element's Triggers collection! - FrameworkElement's Triggers property is a read/write collection of TriggerBase items (the common base class for all three types of triggers), so it looks like an easy way to attach property triggers to controls such as Button. Unfortunately, this collection can only contain event triggers in version 3.0 of WPF simply because the WPF team didn't have time to implement this support. Attempting to add a property trigger (or data trigger) to the collection causes an exception to be thrown at run-time.
Property Value Inheritance
The term "property value inheritance" (or "property inheritance" for short) doesn't refer to traditional object oriented class-based inheritance, but rather the flowing of property values down the element tree. A simple example of this can be seen in Listing 3.4, which updates the Window from Listing 3.1 by explicitly setting its FontSize and FontStyle dependency properties. Figure 3.4 shows the result of this change. (Notice that the Window automatically resizes to fit all the content thanks to its slick SizeToContent setting!)
figure 3.4
The About dialog with FontSize and FontStyle set on the root Window.
LISTING 3.4 The About Dialog with Font Properties Set on the Root Window
<Window xmlns="_URL_
 Title="About WPF Unleashed" SizeToContent="WidthAndHeight"
 FontSize="30" FontStyle="Italic"
 Background="OrangeRed">
 <StackPanel>

 WPF Unleashed (Version 3.0)

 © 2006 SAMS Publishing
 Installed Chapters:
 <ListBox>
 <ListBoxItem>Chapter 1</ListBoxItem>
 <ListBoxItem>Chapter 2</ListBoxItem>
 </ListBox>
 <StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal" HorizontalAlignment="Center">
 <Button MinWidth="75" Margin="10">Help</Button>
 <Button MinWidth="75" Margin="10">OK</Button>
 </StackPanel>
 <StatusBar>You have successfully registered this product.</StatusBar>
 </StackPanel>
</Window>
For the most part, these two settings flow all the way down the tree and are inherited by children. This affects even the Buttons and ListBoxItems, which are three levels down the logical tree. The first Label's FontSize does not change because it is explicitly marked with a FontSize of 20, overriding the inherited value of 30. The inherited FontStyle setting of Italic affects all Labels, ListBoxItems, and Buttons, however, because none of them have this set explicitly.
Notice that the text in the StatusBar is unaffected by either of these values, despite the fact that it supports these two properties just like the other controls. The behavior of property value inheritance can be subtle in cases like this for two reasons:
 - Not every dependency property participates in property value inheritance. (Internally, dependency properties can opt in to inheritance by passing FrameworkPropertyMetadataOptions.Inherits to DependencyProperty.Register.)
 - There may be other higher-priority sources setting the property value, as explained in the next section.
In this case, the latter reason is to blame. A few controls such as StatusBar, Menu, and ToolTip internally set their font properties to match current system settings. This way, users get the familiar experience of controlling their font via Control Panel. The result can be confusing, however, because such controls end up "swallowing" any inheritance from proceeding further down the element tree. For example, if you add a Button as a logical child of the StatusBar in Listing 3.4, its FontSize and FontStyle would be the default values of 12 and Normal, respectively, unlike the other Buttons outside of the StatusBar.
Note - Property Value Inheritance in Additional Places - Property value inheritance was originally designed to operate on the element tree, but it has been extended to work in a few other contexts as well. For example, values can be passed down to certain elements that look like children in the XML sense (because of XAML's property element syntax) but are not children in terms of the logical or visual trees. These pseudochildren can be an element's triggers or the value of any property (not just Content or Children) as long as it is an object deriving from Freezable. This may sound arbitrary and isn't well documented, but the intention is that several XAML-based scenarios "just work" as you would expect without having to think about it.
Support for Multiple Providers
WPF contains many powerful mechanisms that independently attempt to set the value of dependency properties. Without a well-defined mechanism for handling these disparate property value providers, the system would be a bit chaotic and property values could be unstable. Of course, as their name indicates, dependency properties were designed to depend on these providers in a consistent and orderly manner.
Figure 3.5 illustrates the five-step process that WPF runs each dependency property through in order to calculate its final value. This process happens automatically thanks to the built-in change notification in dependency properties.
Figure 3.5
The pipeline for calculating the value of a dependency property.
Step 1: Determine Base Value
Most of the property value providers factor into the base value calculation. The following list reveals the eight providers that can set the value of most dependency properties, in order from highest to lowest precedence:
 1. Local value
 2. Style triggers
 3. Template triggers
 4. Style setters
 5. Theme style triggers
 6. Theme style setters
 7. Property value inheritance
 8. Default value
You've already seen some of the property value providers, such as property value inheritance. Local value technically means any call to DependencyObject.SetValue, but this is typically seen with a simple property assignment in XAML or procedural code (because of the way dependency properties are implemented, as shown previously with Button.IsDefault). Default value refers to the initial value registered with the dependency property, which naturally has the lowest precedence. The other providers, which all involve styles and templates, are explained further in Chapter 10.
This order of precedence explains why StatusBar's FontSize and FontStyle were not impacted by property value inheritance in Listing 3.4. The setting of StatusBar's font properties to match system settings is done via theme style setters (#6 in the list). Although this has precedence over property value inheritance (#7 in the list), you can still override these font settings using any mechanism with a higher precedence, such as simply setting local


text:
Acetone is a strong solvent commonly used for various purposes, including in nail polish removers and industrial applications. While acetone can interact with polymer clay, it doesn't necessarily "melt" it like other materials. Instead, it has some unique effects on the clay.
Effects of Acetone on Polymer Clay
When acetone comes into contact with polymer clay:
- Acetone can soften and slightly dissolve the surface of polymer clay, giving it a smooth and shiny appearance.
- Acetone can be used to clean polymer clay surfaces before baking to remove dust, lint, and fingerprints.
- Excessive use of acetone can cause the clay to become too soft, making it difficult to work with or lose its shape.
- Acetone may cause some pigments or colors to bleed or fade, affecting the overall appearance of the clay.
Safe Usage of Acetone
If you choose to use acetone with polymer clay, consider the following:
- Use acetone sparingly and in well-ventilated areas to avoid overexposure to fumes.
- Test a small, inconspicuous area of the clay before applying acetone to your entire project.
- Be cautious when using acetone on painted or colored polymer clay, as it may affect the surface finish.
- After using acetone, allow the clay to air out and dry before continuing with your project.
Alternative Cleaning Methods
If you're concerned about using acetone, there are alternative methods for cleaning polymer clay, such as using a soft brush, gentle soap and water, or baby wipes.
While acetone can have specific effects on polymer clay, it's important to use it cautiously and test its effects before applying it to your entire project. With proper handling and care, you can achieve desired results without compromising the integrity of your polymer clay creations.


text:
City of Saskatoon, Saskatchewan
The City of Saskatoon is located in western Canada, and has a population of approximately 200,000. The City continues to be anchored by a lush natural river valley as it was when it was founded in 1881.
As with most other North American towns and cities, Saskatoon faces many challenges in dealing with worn-out infrastructure. Prior to 1996, some reinvestment had occurred on high-volume collector and arterial roads, but virtually no major works had occurred on residential streets. Citizens had to wait for sewer and/or water system replacement projects before they could expect any major reconstruction of their street.
In 1995, City staff prepared a report for council that addressed the need for reinvestment in residential streets. The report, based on the findings of a comprehensive condition study and pavement management analysis, concluded that a significant investment was required in order to keep residential streets in a reasonable condition.
The report went on to discuss the potential for introducing micro-surfacing as a treatment for residential streets. Micro-surfacing is a mixture of emulsion, aggregate, water, and mineral filler which is cold-placed in a thin layer on the road surface, thus sealing surface irregularities and reducing moisture infiltration into the road structure. Micro-surfacing was invented in the 1930s in Germany, and has been used successfully by many agencies throughout the world as a pavement preservation treatment.
Based on a life-cycle cost analysis, the report concluded that should micro-surfacing be introduced as a treatment in Saskatoon, the five-year funding requirements for the network would be approximately $3.9 million.
If only "traditional" methods of treatment were used, the average annual investment required to keep streets in a similar overall condition would be $8.1 million. In Saskatoon, "traditional" meant to perform routine maintenance until the road failed; then reconstruct.
City council accepted the report, including administration's recommendation to introduce micro-surfacing as a treatment, and dedicated $1.25 million dollars for the 1996 construction season.
In 1996 and every year since, the City has tendered a yearly micro-surfacing program for residential streets. The objectives of the program are to repair road failures, ensure that there is positive drainage from the pavement surface, and resurface the pavement with micro-surfacing. Road repairs and leveling are performed by City crews using hot-mix asphalt for fills and road profilers for cuts. All micro-surfacing is carried out through publicly-tendered contracts.
One key to the success of the micro-surfacing program was convincing council, City staff, and the public that the City needed to spend money on roads that, from a driver's perspective, were performing fine. Preventive maintenance treatments, such as micro-surfacing, would prevent these roads from failing prematurely. The City could not dedicate sufficient funds at that time to both rehabilitate streets that had failed as well as perform micro-surfacing on streets requiring preventive maintenance.
City council accepted administration's recommendation to focus efforts on the preventive maintenance approach. Statements such as "an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure," or "think of it like changing oil in your carâ€"a small cost now will save you huge costs down the road" were often used to calm down taxpayers who didn't understand why we were fixing up other roads while their road was in need of reconstruction.
Council, administration, and the general public have raved about the program ever since its introduction. To date, approximately 24 percent of the City's residential streets have been micro-surfaced.
In 2000, City administration reviewed the condition of micro-surfaced streets in order to determine whether the treatment was meeting the desired intent. Failures were measured and categorized as either "delamination" failures (micro-surface had peeled off) or "thinness" failures (micro-surface had worn through).
Of the 461,886 square metres that were rated, only 1.1 percent (4,968) square metres had failed. Further analysis showed that, on average, micro-surfacing on residential streets was failing at a rate of 0.4 percent per year (4 square metres failed for every 1,000 square metres placed). This failure rate exceeded administration's expectations and confirmed observations that the treatment was performing extremely well. Success of the program is attributed to the skill and commitment of both the City crews who perform the preparatory work as well as the contractors who carry out the micro-surfacing itself.
The report also made two major recommendations for further work to be undertaken. The first recommendation was based on quantifying the overall cost effectiveness of the program. Although administration believes that the program is extremely cost effective, a comprehensive study, including life-cycle cost comparisons, needs to be done in order to ensure that the funding being dedicated to micro-surfacing is in fact the most appropriate way to preserve pavements.
The second recommendation is based on ensuring that life expectancy of the micro-surfacing treatment is maximized. "Influence factors," such as emulsion source, relative humidity during construction, mix design results, aggregate quality, application rate, and other factors will be tracked in detail during construction to help enable the City to develop correlations between these factors and actual performance. This type of analysis, combined with keeping on top of industry research and best practices, will help ensure that the City of Saskatoon is getting the maximum life out of our micro-surfacing treatment.
Due in large part to the success of the leveling/micro-surfacing initiative, the City of Saskatoon's residential streets are now in much better overall condition than they were in 1996. In 2000, council began phasing in an annual program of $1.5 million annually which is dedicated to the rehabilitation of residential streets that have failed completely.
The City is now reaping the benefits of a preventive maintenance approach. Had the City maintained our "fix it when it fails" approach rather than the micro-surfacing approach, we would be facing a much different residential street condition than we are now. The micro-surfacing program has allowed us to get the most out of our existing pavements, resulting in surplus funds that can now be used to rehabilitate roads that have reached the end of their service life.
To reach Jeff Jorgenson, call _PHONE_ or send a Fax to _PHONE_.


text:
How to correct a transaction in an open batch or no batch
These instructions are applicable if: you have contributions in an open batch or that are not in a batch and they were posted with an error in one of the following: amount, donor, envelope number, date.
These instructions are not applicable if:
- The batch has already been closed. In that case, these instructions are appropriate
- The contribution is associated with a fund whose end date has transpired
- You are not authorized to edit contribution records
- View and Add/Edit access rights are required
- Access to the associated fund is required
- If applicable, select the desired organization from the Organization list.
- Click Contribution List in the Offering Module.
- Use the column heading filters to help locate the contribution you want to correct (see image below).
- For example, to locate the contribution by an envelope number, type the envelope number in the Env # heading filter field
- The search returns both broad and exact matches for the value entered. If you enter envelope #11, the search will return contributions posted for envelope numbers 1125, 110, 211, etc. (anything containing a 10).
Select the checkbox to the left of the contribution record you want to change. Then click the edit icon in the toolbar. The edit Contribution window is displayed.
In the Amount field, type the correct contribution amount. Only the information under the Contribution Record heading may be updated here.
In the Reason field, supply the reason for the change.
- Click Save, then Close to exit.