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Secret Underground Cities
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Secret Underground Cities (Paperback)
by Nick McCamley
# Paperback: 270 pages
# Publisher: Pen & Sword Books Ltd (April 2000)
# Language English
# ISBN: _PHONE_
Describes the major, WW2 UK government underground works
SECRET UNDERGROUND CITIES' is the history of the series of vast underground arsenals, factories and control bunkers built by the British government during the Second World War, and of the new uses found for many of these subterranean cities as nuclear shelters and command centres during the period of post-war, cold-war paranoia.
Many of these underground sites were concentrated in the Corsham area of North Wiltshire, where hundreds of acres of disused stone mines, buried over 100' below the peaceful rural landscape, were converted at the cost of tens of millions of pounds, into huge and awesome bomb-proof cities.
After an introduction explaining the inter-war military, economic and political factors that influenced the government's policy on underground protection, the book goes on describe in detail the construction and operation of all the major sites including: (1) CENTRAL AMMUNITION DEPOT CORSHAM (Tunnel Quarry, Monkton Farleigh Quarry, and the Ridge/Eastlays underground complex)
(2) The two-million square foot SPRING QUARRY underground aircraft engine factory at Corsham, and the other smaller but similar sites at DRAKELOW, WARREN ROW, WESTWOOD and DUDLEY
(3) The sinister and secret underground repositories built to house the contents of the National Gallery at MONOD, in the bleak mountains to the North of Ffestiniog, and the deep stone quarry at WESTWOOD in Wiltshire that housed the greatest treasures of the V&A and the British Museum.
(4) The underground headquarters built in BROWNS QUARRY (later known as RAF RUDLOE MANOR) to house the headquarters of No.10 Group, Fighter Command. This later became the hub of the Western sector of the 'Rotor' radar system, and later still became of pivotal importance in the government's system of nuclear war headquarters.
(5) Amongst the other WW2 sites covered are the RAF storage depots at FAULD, HARPUR HILL and CHILMARK as well as the Admiralty and MoS depots at COPENACRE, MONKS PARK, HAYES WOOD (Limpley Stoke) etc.
The final section of the book describes in some detail how, in the 1960's, the underground factories at Drakelow and Warren Row were converted into Regional Seats of Government for use in event of nuclear war. It also describes how Spring Quarry at Corsham became the National Government War Headquarters, (the fabled city of Burlington), from where the government would launch any retaliatory nuclear attack, and which would become the home of the War Cabinet and the Chiefs of Staff Committee, together with some 5,000 Civil Servants.
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SAVAQ 160® SYSTEM
Sub-surface Textile Irrigation
Savaq is a new generation sub-surface capillary irrigation system that provides greater control over root zone conditions.
This system (Polypropylene 160 mm) allows to store water in a volume of 15 l per ml of pipe
Savaq is the supreme irrigation system designed specifically for use underground, and can be used for extremely long distance irrigation installations, since it doesn't work under pressure.
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ADVANTAGES OF SAVAQ 160®
- Contributes to combat the "heat island effect".
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- Eliminates evaporation and surface run-off.
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- Increases fertiliser efficiency.
- Safe, effective and efficient use of recycled water.
- Reduces weed propagation.
- No need of electricity.
Request more information about this product without obligation
Download the information in PDF

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Submitted by Sally Trowbridge on 14 May, 2012 - 13:00
After struggling to break the ice, the next obstacle is to keep the conversation going beyond the initial conversation. For this reason, this lesson aims to provide students with a bank of around 15 questions that they would feel comfortable asking in a conversation with a new acquaintance. They will also learn more general techniques involving different types of questions and the skill of turn-taking. Finally, they will practise all the skills from the lesson in a role-play game.
Topic: Socialising and keeping conversations going
Romesh Gunesekera was born in Sri Lanka, and has been living and writing in London since the 1970s. His writing is frequently elegiac and wistful, casting reflective eyes at 'the spoiled paradise' of his original home.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Raven is automatically gesturing too often Follow
If your Raven is mounted too close to your steering wheel, too close to the dash, slanted downward or is moving due to a loose mount this could cause frequent unintended gestures (short videos). If alignment is not an issue, the device may be gesturing due to an adhesive layer that needs to be peeled off. Follow the mounting directions below to rectify the issue.
Do not stack anything between the mount, adhesive, and dash:
Do not tilt Raven downward:
Incorrect: Tilted Correct: Level
If adjusting the location and view of Raven does not fix the gesturing issue, there may be a hidden plastic film on Raven's screen. Indications of an additional plastic film include:
- Under bright lighting Raven's screen does not look shiny and black
- Tiny bubble(s) on the bottom left corner of the screen. (See below)
- The screen easily scuffs
To remove the plastic film:
- Using a firm but non-abrasive tool, such as a business card, lift the corner of the film.
- Peel the remainder of the film off with your fingers.
*Proximity sensors on Raven are located in the center just above the displays on the front cover. If there is an object directly in front of the proximity sensor (within 10") then false gestures might be detected.


Mobius Encyclopaedia
Dark Gaia
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Dark Gaia
First Appearance
Sonic the Hedgehog #259
Biographical information
 - Dark Gaia
 - Deity
Physical description
Political Alignment and Abilities
Notable Super Forms
Dark Gaia is a primordial hyper energy organism that lies beneath the surface of Sonic's World and has been in eternal conflict with Light Gaia. Together they have maintained a cycle of destruction and rebirth since the dawn of time.
When Amy Rose met Sonic the Hedgehog for the first time at Never Lake, an illustration that heavily resembled Dark Gaia (as well as Chip) could be seen on one of her tarrot cards (the same set that allegedly predicted her first meeting with Sonic), possibly fortelling of the beasts eventual awakening. (StH: #290)
Awoken Too Soon
Dark Gaia Mural
A mural depicting the Dark Gaia.
According to Professor Pickle, Dark Gaia had a history of causing the planet to break up into fragments, not unlike the situation that resulted during shattered world crisis. Tikal indicated that the breaking of the planet following the Super Genesis Wave was an acceleration of the natural cycle, happening prior to its proper time. As a result, Light Gaia was left weakened and unprepared for the task that lay ahead of it. Additionally, portions of the creature's energy began seeping through the cracks in the planet, and some coalesced into Dark Gaia Creatures. (StH: #259, SU: #63).
After Sonic beat Dr. Eggman's Egg Dragoon, Dark Gaia finally regained its consciousness thanks to Eggman gathering its fragments with the Summoning Spire. Now strong enough on its own, it began reabsorbing its energies from across the globe, allowing to mature from its incomplete state into its "perfect form". (StH: #286, #287)
Dark Gaia is capable of exerting its essence as a corruptive, yet potent energy gas referred to as Dark Gaia Energy. This energy is capable of causing mutations at night, blocking spirits, and enhancing negative feelings. When coalescing, it can also create hostile monsters.
Background Information
 - Dark Gaia Mural
 Dark Gaia is the main antagonist of the game Sonic Unleashed. The storyline in which it appears in the comic is based on the story of said game.
 - Dark Gaia was first referred to in StH#193, though it was not referred to by name nor was actually seen on panel. Additionally, the story in which it was referred to took place in the Another Time, Another Place universe.
 - in Sonic Unleashed, Dark Gaia's essence was seen to put people in depressed moods; the comics indicate that it can also increase aggressive tendencies, and that high concentrations can lead to mutations as seen in the case of Sonic.
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text:
Every now and then people will contact me with a question about how I did this requirement or that. One question I have received a few times is "What are the rules for Tell It Like It Isn't for Tiger Achievement 4?"
The instructions can be found in the Tiger handbook, but I think sometimes as den leaders we look at something and think it must be more complicated. Tell It Like It Isn't is the game most of us know as Telephone. Yes, it really is that simple.
Tell It Like It Isn't
- Have the Cub Scouts sit in a circle.
- The first Cub Scout whispers something in the next Cub Scout's ear.
- He whispers what he thinks he heard in the next Cub Scout's ear.
- This continues around the circle until it is whispered to the last Cub Scout. He says what he heard.
- The first person says what the phrase really was.
- Continue with a few additional phrases, letting somebody different go first each time.
- Take the suggestion in the Tiger handbook that you use this to start a discussion about how things we hear might not always be accurate and especially how this applies to gossip. This is definitely a teachable moment.
- Rather than just letting the first Cub Scout make up something to say to the second, I always provided some index cards with some phrases. This served two purposes. First, when the whispering stops, the first Cub Scout can look at the card to remember what he said. Yes they sometimes forget that quickly! Second, it ensures that they will be passing a phrase which is appropriate instead of something inappropriate.


text:
March 2013 Women's History Calendar
Edith Claypole (1870–1915)
Born in England, Edith Claypole received her M.D. from UCLA in 1904. She joined UC Berkeley's pathology department as a volunteer and soon after became an associate researcher. She created a test to distinguish pulmonary streptothricosis from tuberculosis. When World War I broke out, Claypole enthusiastically lent her talents to the war effort. She devoted herself to developing a more effective typhoid vaccine for British and French troops. Her intensive work with typhoid bacteria led to her death from typhoid fever at age 45.
A passion for discovery: California women
trailblazers in science and technology
In celebration of National Women's History Month, this online calendar highlights remarkable yet little known women from California history who achieved success in STEM fields – science, technology, engineering and mathematics.
The calendar is produced by the California State Library, California Research Bureau and California Commission on the Status of Women and Girls. Images and biographical material are from the State Library's extensive collection of photos, prints, rare books and ephemera documenting the state's rich history.


text:
In Team Cherry's Hollow Knight, there are a lot of areas with their own kinds of enemies. One of these areas is The Hive.
Under Kingdom's Edge is a large community of bees called The Hive. The Hive is built from brown and translucent honey-like materials. In addition, the architecture in the area follows a hexagonal shape just like honeycombs.
In The Hive, the Knight will encounter different kinds of enemies: Hivelings, Hive Soldiers, Hive Husks, Hive Guardians, and the Hive Knight who is the optional boss of the area.
In this area, the Knight can also encounter and obtain a lot of items: ten Geo Deposits (with two only reachable by entering the north entrance), two Grubs (with one only reachable by entering the north entrance), a Mask Shard, a Whispering Root with 20 essences, and the Hiveblood Charm which you can only obtain after defeating the Hive Knight.
Reach The Hive
Before being able to reach The Hive, the Knight must first obtain the Tram Pass, which can be found in the wreck of a tram in the Failed Tramway in Deepnest, to access Kingdom's Edge.
After obtaining the Tram Pass, this is what the Knight must do:
- From Deepnest or Ancient Basin, enter the Tram and interact with the glowing button in the rightmost part of the Tram (if you start from Deepnest, interact with the glowing button twice to reach Kingdom's Edge).
- Next, exit the Tram and proceed to the right where you'll encounter spike pits, which you can easily jump and dash over
- Continue to the right until you reach a wall and two Hivelings. Kill the Hivelings then with the Soul gained from killing them, cast the Vengeful Spirit/Shade Soul Spell on the wall to break it and reveal a pathway (going up the wall and exiting above leads to Kingdom's Edge).
Once in The Hive, the Knight can open a path that can help access the further depths of The Hive. Just continue on the path of the area until you reach this part of the map:
Then, there will be a breakable wall that leads back to Kingdom's Edge.
Additionally, there is another entrance to The Hive but this time it is an isolated part of The Hive which contains a Grub and Geo Deposits. This entrance can be found just before entering Kingdom's Edge's central cliff. You will find a few more stray Hivelings and a breakable floor (exactly before the entrance to the central cliff). Then, this pathway is filled with pools of acid


text:
CORVALLIS, Ore. – Charles Wilkinson, historian and author of "The People are Dancing Again: The History of the Siletz Tribe of Western Oregon," will speak at Oregon State University on March 31, from 7 to 9 p.m. in the Memorial Union lounge.
In "The People are Dancing Again," Wilkinson tells the history of The Confederated Tribes of Siletz Indians – 27 tribes speaking at least 10 languages – who were brought together on the Oregon coast through treaties with the federal government in _PHONE_. For decades after, the Siletz people lost many traditional practices, saw their languages almost wiped out, and experienced poverty, ill health and a loss of cultural identity.
By 1956, the tribe had been "terminated" under the Western Oregon Indian Termination Act, their land was sold off and they lost federal health and education benefits. After years of refusal to give in, in 1977 they became the second tribe in the nation to have its federal status, treaty rights and sovereignty restored.
"The book has been an unusually comprehensive and intense collaboration between author and tribe, with over 100 interviews," Wilkinson said. "The book is rich with the tribal voice."
Wilkinson is Moses Lasky Professor of Law at the University of Colorado Law School, and a respected expert in tribal law and history. He is the author of many books, including "Messages from Frank's Landing: A Story of Salmon," "Treaties, and the Indian Way," and "Blood Struggle: The Rise of Modern Indian Nation."
Songs honoring Wilkinson and the Siletz tribe will be performed by a local Native American drum group.


text:
Click Here for Menu
Encouraging conservation-based planning in the transboundary watersheds of southeast Alaska and northwest British Columbia.
Rivers Without Borders Canada works with communities, scientists, First Nations, conservation allies, and others to encourage the adoption of long-term ecosystem-based planning to protect the extraordinary wildlife and marine habitat and cultural values of the transboundary watersheds of southeast Alaska and northwest British Columbia.
We promote a watershed-based conservation vision for an ecologically-rich region that virtually defines the essence of North American wilderness, and represents one of the continent's best conservation opportunities.
See why people support Rivers Without Borders
By working directly with First Nations like the Taku River Tlingit and other northern partners, Rivers Without Borders Canada is part of a vital movement towards sustainable northern communities.


text:
Measure AC Performance Metrics of Binary Weighted DAC
This example shows how to find the AC performance metrics such as SNR, SINAD, SFDR, ENOB, noise floor and settling time of a binary weighted DAC block.
Open the model
dac_ac_error. The model consists of a Binary Weighted DAC block and a DAC Testbench.
model = 'dac_ac_error'; open_system(model)
The parameters of the Binary Weighted DAC are kept at their default values.
In the DAC Testbench block, the Measurement option is set to
AC. In the Setup tab, the Autofill setup parameter button is used to automatically propagate the setup parameters from the DAC block. Show spectrum analyzer during simulation option is also checked.
Run the simulation for
The measured AC performance metrics are displayed on the DAC Testbench block.


text:
Determining the impact of unexpected disruptions to a complex supply chain
Aw, Waldron Jun Jie
Date of Issue2016-05-26
School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
This final year project deals with simulating disruptions in a multi-echelon supply chain and the objective is to study the propagation of such disruptions and also the factors affecting such disruptions. Different simulation techniques were reviewed and studied before discrete event simulation (DES) was chosen as inventory levels are of interest in this project and inventory levels in a supply chain evolve over time due to discrete events. A FlexSim model was created to study the propagation of disruptions in a supply chain. Verification was done by checking the structure, code and animated flow of the entities. As real life data was not available, validation was carried out based on data provided by SIMTech that was derived using an time based Input-output model (I-O model that had been developed and validated previously by SIMTech). After the FlexSim model had been verified and validated, disruptions were introduced at various locations in the supply chain so that the propagation of disruptions can be studied. Based on the results of the simulation model, critical nodes were identified and the factors leading to these nodes being critical were studied, analyzed and given weights. The analysis showed that trading volume and BOM are important factors that render nodes critical. The results also show that the disruption experienced by the end consumer does not change much when there are additional disruptions downstream of critical nodes. However, the disruption propagated to the end consumer fluctuates differently when there are additional disruptions downstream of critical nodes. These findings allow managers to prioritize nodes when planning and to take mitigating actions to manage the effects of disruptive events.
Final Year Project (FYP)
Nanyang Technological University


text:
Does the North Pole belong to Greenland and by extension to Denmark, to which it is politically linked? That's the question Danish geologists heading for the Arctic this week will be trying to answer.
They hope the seismic data they collect between now and mid-September will support the claim of Denmark and Greenland to 150,000 square kilometres of extra territory extending north from Greenland into the oil and gas-rich Arctic sea floor.
Their claim rests on whether an underwater formation extending north of Greenland called the Lomonosov Ridge qualifies as an extension of Greenland's land mass. If it does, Greenland can bid to extend its undersea territory.
Jens Jørgen Møller, head of the department organising the expedition at the Geological Society of Denmark and Greenland, says the key data will come from an echo sounding device mapping the profile of the seabed along the ridge, and from seismic measurements of sediment thickness.
Any claim that the Lomonosov Ridge belongs to Denmark and Greenland would meet resistance from Russia: in 2007 it claimed that the opposite end of the ridge is an extension of Siberia.
Other nations laying claims to chunks of the Arctic are Canada, Norway and possibly the US. Geological data is a prerequisite to winning an officially recognised claim to territory, according to the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, says Møller.
If you would like to reuse any content from New Scientist, either in print or online, please contact the syndication department first for permission. New Scientist does not own rights to photos, but there are a variety of licensing options available for use of articles and graphics we own the copyright to.
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text:
Cranbrook House & Gardens (Organization)
Found in 1 Collection or Record:
Abstract Cranbrook history dates back to 1904 when George and Ellen Booth purchased land in Bloomfield Hills, MI for their home. The next five decades saw the majority of this land transformed into an educational, artistic, and scientific community. In the early 1970s, a major reorganzition created the Cranbrook Educational Community. More than a century later, in 2021, this Community comprises five program areas: Cranbrook Schools, Cranbrook Art Academy, Cranbrook Art Museum, Cranbrook Institute of...
Dates: circa 1830-; Majority of material found within 1931 - 1970


text: Mesoporous silica MCM-41 was prepared by classical and ultrasound methods as an adsorbent for the removal of Sr2+ from aqueous solution. The physical properties of the synthesized materials were investigated by X-ray diffraction and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis. The results showed that MCM-41 prepared by the classical method had higher specific surface area and pore volume than those prepared by the ultrasound method. Therefore, it was selected as an adsorbent for the investigation of adsorption isotherms and kinetics. Adsorption of Sr2+ to MCM-41 was strongly dependent on pH values. Three two-parameter (Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin) and two three-parameter (Redlich-Peterson and Koble-Corrigan) adsorption isotherms were employed to model the equilibrium data of Sr2+ on the mesoporous adsorbent. The results indicated that the adsorption isotherm data fitted better to the Freundlich isotherm than to the Langmuir, Temkin, Redlich-Peterson, and Koble-Corrigan isotherms. The experimental data was described very well by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model.


text:
A servohydraulic fatigue testing machine is usually used to perform a fatigue test. This consists of a hydraulically operated actuator fitted into a high stiffness load frame to apply the load to the specimen. Because the system is hydraulically operated, it is possible to achieve both high loads and high cyclic frequencies.
The test system should be fitted with a control system that is capable of controlling the test and measuring data at high frequencies. It is also important that the load measurement system can accurately measure specimen load, and compensate for load errors induced by the dynamic movement of the test system.
Some typical materials that are subjected to fatigue testing:
- Structural Components
The following ASTM standards apply to fatigue testing:


Janette Oakman
'Bringing comfort &
 understanding through
 Helping to bring comfort and
understanding through knowledge
Mediumship Is Just Like Driving A Car
In the early days mediumship can be very similar to driving a car. When you start to learn to drive, you have to understand the gears, know which pedal to use and how much pressure to use, judge distances, remember to indicate, keep looking behind you through your rear view mirror, keep looking ahead of you as you need to know where you are going, pre empt what the person infront of you is going to do, pre empt what the person behind is going to do, pre empt what everyone at every junction you drive past is going to do, pre empt if the traffic lights are going to change or not, concentrate on your speed, concentrate on the pedestrains, make sure you are always 3ft away from any parked car, remember to indicate and then put someone else in the car that expects you to talk to them!
But just like learning to drive a car, it doesn't take too long before you are naturally doing all of the above without even giving it too much thought. A good friend of mine Bill Forrester psychic artist says its when we are doing scared spider impressions, you have arms and legs going everywhere! must admit I do like that visualisation.
Now if the person learning to drive can have a bit of understanding as to why they have to do each thing whilst driving, it can help the 'need to do it' to sink in. For example, if you stay in first gear you will ruin your gear box... a medium that isn't on the right level of awareness will NOT be able to give good spirit communication, as they won't be tuned n properly.
When learning to drive you must be aware of everything happening around you, if not you may miss something very important eg a child running into the road.. a medium must be aware of their whole body whilst working or they could miss some very good evidence that their body is picking up (a large part of my mediumship is done this way as I am a strong clairsentinent - clear feeling)
The traffic lights work in a certain way - we know when driving that if the green light goes amber that very soon it is going to be red and we must stop the car, so we start to slow down (of course checking the rear view mirror first) - many mediums recieve symbols from their guides when they are working, for example one medium I know will always see daffodils when there is a passing in January, another medium I know always knows there is a baby due to be born here soon when she sees rhubarb (long story).. so during your devleopment you might start to see that you always seem to see the same symbol and that it has the same meaning each time.. you will also have symbolic symbols given to you that you may need to either just give straight to the person you are giving a reading to or you may have to decipher the symbol for them.
so let's go back,
You and a passenger get in to your car and put on your seat belts - Protection very important and grounding
You put the key in the ignition - you have shown intention to work
You turn the key in the ignition - you connect with your guides
You pull off from the side of the road - you tune in to see if there is anyone in spirit that would like to communicate
you are driving your car - this is now you the medium
all traffic lights you see are now signs from your guides
the passenger in your car is now the person you are giving a reading to
the person driving a car infront of you is now your spirit communicator - never take your eyes off of them, hold them in your mind at all times. If they change direction and you have a new person driving infront of you, then you have a new spirit communicator to work with now..
Whilst watching them you will notice that they do odd things.. for example indicate to drive around a parked car - we as mediums need to notice these things when working. They may pull over and pick someone up - is it a male or female, how old, are they related? Notice anything about the way they walked or stood up? What hair colour they have etc etc
Now as living people we know that when a car infront of us stops to pick someone up that it is rare for anyone to do this for someone they have never known and that in the majority of cases it is because they belong to the same family group etc (unless the word taxi appears on the roof of the vechile of course lol)
When we are driving we have to apply the right pressure to the gas pedal to keep at a good speed and then maintain that speed - a medium has to make sure they are working on the correct level for what they are doing. A medium cannot give off to someone spirit communication if for example they are actually working on the psychic level, so it is important to start noticing what level you are actually working on.
Whilst driving our car we will use our eyes, our ears, our gut instincts, sometimes sense of smell (bonfires, car fires, manure, petrol etc) as mediums we use clear seeing, clear feeling, clear hearing, clear tasting, clear smelling
When we have finsihed our journey we will find somewhere safe to park our car, we will lock it up and this is also very similar to mediumship as we will close down, we will thank our guides for a lovely experience of working with them again. Just as our passenger may say, thank you for taking me to the shops for example..
I hope that this article has helped you to understand that, it may all sound very confusing at the beginning but if you allow it to, mediumship will become a lot easier the more often you do it and soon it will be as easy as driving a car.
God bless you all and thank you to my guides for helping me write this article for you all
copyright Janette Oakman
please click here to return to the Spirit Teachings menu
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Gaussian bubble clusters
Suppose I ask you to divide \(\mathbb{R}^n\) into two pieces of fixed Gaussian measure so that the surface area of the boundary is as small as possible. The Gaussian isoperimetric inequality states that the best way to do it is by cutting \(\mathbb{R}^n\) with a hyperplane:
Gaussian half-space
Now what if I ask for three parts instead of two? ...more
June 15, 2020
Gaussian noise sensitivity
Suppose that \(X\) and \(Y\) are positively correlated standard Gaussian vectors in \(\mathbb{R}^n\). Define the noise sensitivity of \(A \subset \mathbb{R}^n\) to be the probability that \(X \in A\) and \(Y \not \in A\). Borell proved that for any \(a \in (0,1)\), half-spaces minimize the noise sensitivity subject to the constraint \(\mathrm{Pr}(X \in A)=a\). This inequality can be seen as a strengthening of the Gaussian isoperimetric inequality: in the limit as the correlation goes to one the noise sensitivity is closely related to the surface area, because if \(X \in A\) and \(Y \not \in A\) are close together then they're probably both close to the boundary of \(A\). From a more applied point of view, Borell's inequality and its discrete relatives played a surprising and crucial role in studying hardness of approximation in theoretical computer science. ...more
June 15, 2020


text:
In this paper two studies are reported which compare (a) the perceptions of family functioning held by clinic and non-clinic adolescents, and (b) the perceptions of family functioning held by adolescents and their mothers in clinic and non-clinic families. In Study 1, matched group of clinic and non-clinic adolescents were compared on their responses to a 30-item scale (ICPS) designed to measure three factors of family functioning: Intimacy (high vs. low), Parenting Style (democratic vs. controlled) and Conflict (high vs. low). Clinic and non-clinic adolescents were also compared on their responses to a multi-dimensional measure of adolescent self-concept. Although there was little difference between the two groups of adolescents in terms of their perceptions of family functioning, there were strong relationships between the self-concept variables and the family functioning variables. In Study 2, comparisons were made between the perceptions of family functioning held by mothers and adolescents for both clinical and non-clinic families. There were no differences between the two groups of adolescents in terms of their perceptions of family functioning, although there were clear differences between the two groups of mothers. In addition, clinic adolescents and their mothers did not differ in their perceptions of the family, whereas adolescents in the non-clinic group saw their families significantly as less intimate and more conflicted than did their mothers.\ud \u
To submit an update or takedown request for this paper, please submit an Update/Correction/Removal Request.


@article {Pugh:1992-01-01T00:00:00:0007-4977:89, author = "Pugh, P. R.", title = " Desmophyes Haematogaster, a New Species of Prayine Siphonophore (Calycophorae, Prayidae)", journal = "Bulletin of Marine Science", volume = "50", number = "1", year = "1992-01-01T00:00:00", abstract = "A new species of prayine siphonophore, belonging to the genus Desmophyes, is described from a single specimen collected by the submersible DSRV Johnson-Sea-Link II.", pages = "89-96", url = "_URL_ }


Commit 6d555903 authored by Miroslav Kratochvil's avatar Miroslav Kratochvil
Browse files
Support MathTime conversion to Symbolics, document the whole thing
parent e6b27664
......@@ -19,8 +19,34 @@ allowed_sym(x, allowed_funs) =
haskey(allowed_funs, x) ? allowed_funs[x] :
throw(DomainError(x, "Unknown SBML function"))
function Base.convert(::Type{Num}, x::SBML.Math; mapping = default_symbolics_mapping)
"""
Base.convert(
::Type{Num},
x::SBML.Math;
mapping = default_symbolics_mapping,
convert_time = (x::SBML.MathTime) -> Num(Variable(Symbol(x.id))).val,
)
Convert SBML.['Math'](@ref) to 'Num' type Symbolics package. The conversion of
functions can be customized by supplying a custom mapping to symbols; if
nothing is supplied, ['default_symbolics_mapping'](@ref) that translates basic
functions to their Julia equivalents is assumed.
Translation of ['MathLambda'](@ref) is not supported by Symbolics.
['MathTime'](@ref) is handled specially, the function from the argument
'convert_time' is called to possibly specify any desired behavior. By default,
it just creates a variable with the same name as the time variable name stored
in SBML.
"""
function Base.convert(
::Type{Num},
x::SBML.Math;
mapping = default_symbolics_mapping,
convert_time = (x::SBML.MathTime) -> Num(Variable(Symbol(x.id))).val,
)
conv(x::SBML.MathApply) = eval(allowed_sym(x.fn, mapping))(conv.(x.args)...)
conv(x::SBML.MathTime) = convert_time(x)
conv(x::SBML.MathIdent) = Num(Variable(Symbol(x.id))).val
conv(x::SBML.MathVal) = x.val
conv(x::SBML.MathLambda) = throw(DomainError(x, "can't translate lambdas to symbolics"))
......
@testset "Math to Symbolics conversions" begin
@variables A B C D E
@variables A B C D Time
test = SBML.MathApply(
"*",
......@@ -21,11 +21,11 @@
),
],
),
SBML.MathIdent("E"),
SBML.MathTime("Time"),
],
)
@test isequal(convert(Num, test), (A * B - C * D) * E)
@test isequal(convert(Num, test), (A * B - C * D) * Time)
test = SBML.MathApply(
"piecewise",
......
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text: Samples of crosslinked cis-polybutadiene were crystallized at different temperature and drawing degree. The melting behavior of the crystallized samples was analyzed detecting the retractive stress as a function of temperature. The experimental melting data were extrapolated to the equilibrium conditions to obtain the thermodynamic melting temperature as a function of the drawing degree. The extrapolated data were analyzed with different theoretical approaches. Results agree with a model in which chain-folding and extended-chain crystallization can coexist, depending on crystallization temperature and drawing degree.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
View Medieval Travel Lies
As the western Roman empire declined during the fourth and fifth centuries AD, Europe lost contact with the rest of the world. Classical knowledge of the outside world receded, and what emerged in its place was a peculiar mixture of fact and fiction. European scholars inhabited the lands to their east with unicorns, cyclops, and other fantastic creatures. One persistent rumor spoke of the barbarian tribes of Gog and Magog whom Alexander the Great had supposedly imprisoned behind giant brass gates somewhere in the East. It was said that the escape of Gog and Magog would signal the imminent end of the world.
With the gradual revival of commerce during the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, Europeans once more began to venture beyond their borders and returned to tell of what they had seen. But these travellers, upon their return from faraway lands, seldom gave what we would consider to be factual accounts. Instead, they related bizarre stories that confirmed the existence of the imaginary kingdoms and creatures that Europeans had so long dreamed about and feared. We can only assume that these travel lies were another manifestation of the medieval preference for allegorical truths over literal ones.
Examples of Medieval Travel Lies
The Letter of Prester John
He was a Christian King rumored to have an empire in the East. The crusaders kept waiting for him to ride in with his cavalry and save the day, but for some reason he never showed up.
Did Marco Polo really travel to China, as he claimed? If he did, then why did he fail to notice the Great Wall of China?
The Travels of Sir John Mandeville
He's known as the greatest liar of all time. The narrative of his travels certainly stretches credibility.
The Lost Island of Hi-Brazil
For centuries the island of Hi-Brazil existed only in legends. Then someone claimed to have actually found the place.


text:
Roblox is a massively multiplayer online game created and marketed toward children and teenagers. It allows players to create their own virtual worlds and games. Driving in Roblox can be tricky, as the controls are slightly different from those in the real world. The following guide will teach you the basics of how to drive in Roblox.
How To Drive In Brookhaven Roblox
Brookhaven is a small town in Maine. The roads are narrow and there are many curves. Drive slowly and use caution when turning. There are no stoplights, so use caution when crossing intersections.
-A computer with internet access -A Roblox account -A working knowledge of how to use a computer -Some spending money to buy in-game items
- Select a car
- Enter the game
- Drive around the map avoid crashing into other cars or obstacles
– Always drive on the right side of the road. – Yield to pedestrians. – Follow all traffic signs and signals. – Use caution when driving in crowded areas.
Frequently Asked Questions
How Do You Play Brookhaven?
The objective of the game is to explore the town of Brookhaven and solve the mysteries within. The player can explore the town by walking around, and can interact with objects and characters by selecting them. Some objects can be interacted with more than once, and some characters will give the player tasks to complete. The player can also access a menu to check their inventory, map, and objectives.
How Do You Drive A Roblox Car On Ipad?
You can drive a Roblox car on an iPad by using the virtual joystick controls that appear on the screen.
How Do You Drive A Car In Roblox?
To drive a car in Roblox, you need to use the arrow keys on your keyboard.
Brookhaven is a busy town, so take care when driving. There are a lot of pedestrians and cyclists, so be vigilant and always give way. The roads are generally in good condition, but there are some areas that can be tricky to navigate, so take your time and pay attention to signage.


text:
Tuesday, 11 February 2003
Water balance computations of seasonal changes in terrestrial water storage for major Eurasian river basins
Seasonal variations in terrestrial water storage can be computed with the
water-balance method using three main variables: the water vapour
flux convergence, the precipitable water content, and river runoff. The two
first variables are available with high resolution and good accuracy
in present reanalysis data, and river runoff is commonly measured in most parts
of the world. A case study for the Mississippi river basin shows
that this method can provide reliable estimates of monthly changes in
terrestrial water storage (see paper J3.18).
Here we present computed estimates of seasonal changes in terrestrial water
storage for various major river basins in Europe and Asia. The employed data
include ERA-40 reanalysis data from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather
Forecasts (atmospheric water vapour flux and precipitable water content) and
conventional runoff measurements. When available, comparisons with soil moisture
measurements are presented.


text:
You may know someone with a big heart, but you probably haven't seen one the size of the whale heart that is on display now in Beaufort.
The heart of a male sperm whale was put on display at the North Carolina Maritime Museum in Beaufort Thursday morning. After a nine-year, 2,300 mile journey, the heart and skeleton of a male sperm whale is ready for the public to see this Valentine's Day week. The whale is named "Echo" and his skeleton currently hangs in the museum.
"We should all think about our hearts more often in many ways. It's good to have this display and since I'm a marine biologist I think it's great to bring biology into it and educate people," said Victoria Thayer.
"It felt very rubbery. I wasn't grossed out by it or anything, but I think it's fascinating that they're able to preserve it like that so that you can actually visualize what the inside looks like." said visitor Nan Holton.
The heart was plastinated at the University of Tennessee Knoxville. Plastination is a process used to preserve body parts where the water and fat are replaced by plastics. Once plastinated, the body part can be touched and does not smell or decay.
Designed by Gray Digital Media


text:
Grist is grain that has been separated from its chaff in preparation for grinding. It can also mean grain that has been ground at a grist mill. Its etymology derives from the verb grind. Grist can be ground into meal or flour, depending on how coarsely it is ground. Maize made into grist is called...
Found op _URL_
[magazine] Grist (originally Grist Magazine; also referred to as Grist.org) is an American non-profit online magazine that has been publishing environmental news and commentary with a wry twist since 1999. Grist's taglines are "Gloom and doom with a sense of humor" and "A beacon in the smog"...
Found op _URL_
[n] - grain intended to be or that has been ground
Found op _URL_
Brewers' term for milled grains, or the combination of milled grains to be used in a particular brew. Derives from the verb to grind.
Found op _URL_
Corn for grinding
Found op _URL_
Grist noun [ Anglo-Saxon grist, from grindan. See Grind.] 1. Ground corn; that which is ground at one time; as much grain as is carried to the mill at one time, or the meal it produces. « Get grist to the mill to ha...
Found op _URL_
1. Ground corn; that which is ground at one time; as much grain as is carried to the mill at one time, or the meal it produces. 'Get grist to the mill to have plenty in store.' (Tusser. Q)... 2. Supply; provision.... 3. In rope making, a given size of rope, common grist being a rope three inches i...
Found op _URL_
noun grain intended to be or that has been ground
Found op _URL_
- (n.) Supply; provision. • (n.) Ground corn; that which is ground at one time; as much grain as is carried to the mill at one time, or the meal it produces. • (n.) In rope making, a given size of rope, common grist being a rope three inches in circumference, with twenty yarns in each...
Found op _URL_
No exact matches found.
Typ a word and hit 'Search'.
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text:
MHT File Photo
Carroll County Almshouse and Farm
500, South Center Street, Westminster, Carroll County
The Carroll County Farm Museum consists of a complex of 15 buildings including the main house and dependencies. Most of these are original; two, however, are new structures and two are rebuilt from old materials. The most prominent of the buildings is the 30-room brick main house, around which the others are arranged. Originally designed and constructed for use as the county alms house, it is a long, three-story, rectangular structure, nine bays wide at the first and second floor levels of both front and rear façades. The main entrance of both elevations is located in the fourth bay in from the west end; a centered door on the second floor levels opens onto what were once the galleried roofs of the one-story farm porches. The nine eyebrow windows just below the roof cornices frame casement sash of 2/2 panes; the remaining windows have flat arches and frame sash of 6/6 panes. The gable roof is covered with tin and a single flush chimney stands at each end of the ridge. Centered on the roof is a simple frame cupola sheltering a farm bell. A separate building set at a right angle to the main house now houses the original summer kitchen, wash room, and baking room, and may have once housed farm and domestic help. It is a two-story brick structure containing 14 rooms and has a recessed two-story galleried porch across its west side, the last regionally characteristic architectural feature. In addition to these two buildings, there is also a brick, one-story dairy with a pyramidal roof dominated by a pointed finial of exaggerated height with Victorian Gothic "icing" decorating the eaves; a large frame and dressed stone bank barn of excellent quality and one of the better examples of its era and type in the region. a blacksmith's shop, springhouse, smokehouse, icehouse, and numerous other sheds and dependencies of various and sundry types, all in good repair and all used as a part of the working farm museum activities.
The Carroll County Farm Museum's significance is twofold; the preservation of the original Carroll County Almshouse founded in 1852 and the creation of the Farm Museum established in 1965 as a tribute to the great agricultural heritage of the County and the State of Maryland and as a monument to those early pioneers who created this great enterprise. The Museum is a working farm with many fine buildings that rank among central and western Maryland's best examples of pre-Civil War farm architecture. Each of the farm outbuildings has been utilized to display antique tools, and vehicles or to demonstrate crafts of yesteryear. With the exception of the log cabin, the museum remains much as it did in the 1850 period.


't know any Audacity function to quantify the total or average amplitude/energy/power of the resulting waveform.
Here is a BASIC program that produces such summary numbers, and stores them in a results file, based on the simpler version I wrote a couple days ago. The main thing I've learned is that this measure is almost identical for my data sets -- the peak correlation totals vary by only about one part in 15,000. It looks like turning on jitter correction in fre:ac helped, and that reading at 16x was optimum -- but the differences are so small that they probably don't mean much. The BASIC program takes a few minutes to process each 50 second .wav file. So even though there are many ways it could be much more efficient and run much faster, there is no need to bother yet.
Code: [Select]
' CDrot.bas (SmallBASIC FLTK 0.10.6 Windows XP)
' CD disc rot processing
' kd 26 jan 2012
' CROSS-CORRELATE LEFT AND RIGHT CHANNELS
DIM LL(9),RR(9),LR(9)
? "START of CDrot-CROSS-26JAN12.bas"
?
F=FREEFILE
FILNAM$="E1.wav"
OPEN FILNAM$ FOR INPUT AS #F
I=0
J=0
SM=0
ISM=0
ILR=0
WHILE NOT EOF(F)
 I=I+1
 L1=BGETC(F)
 L2=BGETC(F)
 R1=BGETC(F)
 R2=BGETC(F)
L=L2*256+L1
IF L>(2^15) THEN L=L-(2^16)
R=R2*256+R1
IF R>(2^15) THEN R=R-(2^16)

 IF I<13 THEN 199
 INSERT LL,0,L
 DELETE LL,10
 INSERT RR,0,R
 DELETE RR,10
FOR T = 1 TO 9
 LR(T) = LR(T) + LL(5)*RR(T)
 NEXT T
 ILR=ILR+1
IF (L=0) AND (R=0) THEN 199
SM = SM + L*R
ISM = ISM+1
 ' PRINT I;": ",L,R," ";ISM;" - ";L*R;" - ";INT(SM/ISM);" - ";SM,,ILR;LR

J=J+1
IF J>999 THEN
 PRINT ILR;LR
 ' INPUT "WAITING"; I$
 J=0
ENDIF
199 WEND
CLOSE #F
? "EOF"
PRINT "FILE: ";FILNAM$;" ";DATE$;" ";TIME$
PRINT ILR;LR
OUT=FREEFILE
NEWLINE$=CHR(13)+CHR(10)
OPEN "CROSS-OUT.TXT" FOR APPEND AS #OUT
PRINT #OUT, "FILE: ";FILNAM$;" ";DATE$;" ";TIME$;" CDrot-CROSS-26JAN12.bas";NEWLINE$
PRINT #OUT, ILR;LR;NEWLINE$
FOR T = 1 TO 9
 LR(T) = INT(SQR(LR(T)/ILR))
 NEXT T
PRINT "SQRT of AVG: ";LR
PRINT #OUT, "SQRT of AVG: ";LR;NEWLINE$;NEWLINE$
CLOSE #OUT
? "END of CDrot-CROSS-26JAN12.bas"
STOP
 - Last Edit: 26 January, 2012, 01:27:08 PM by kethd
 - gottogo99
 - [*][*][*]
Audio CD ROT, Red Book CD-DA data recovery, Disc Rot
Reply #14
Unfortunately, most modern laptops lack line-input ports (only have headphone out and mic in). I have bought an Xitel INport USB adapter, and do expect to try re-digitizing at some point. But as an amateur perfectionist, I'd much rather work on trying to recover an exact copy of the audio CD digital data then have to struggle with the details of trying to make an impossible "perfect" new digital copy of the aged analog recording.
The CDRs have deteriorated and may have unrecoverable errors. The tapes may not have deteriorated at all. You have the hardware to digitize, apparently. I think it's worth spending a few minutes testing the tapes.
 - AndyH-ha
 - [*][*][*][*][*]
Audio CD ROT, Red Book CD-DA data recovery, Disc Rot
Reply #15
isobuster can be downloaded and installed and used free for some recovery. For other conditions it will test and tell you if it sees anything to recover -- once you pay for the program.
If you decide to try the cassettes, first check that the pressure pads are present and intact. Then rewind the cassettes to get the tension more even so the playback speed will be more stable.
 - kct_99
 - [*]
Audio CD ROT, Red Book CD-DA data recovery, Disc Rot
Reply #16
Have you tried out ExactAudioCopy yet ? _URL_ This is also free / shareware.
This software keeps re-reading the bad sectors until eventually it gets a correct checksum and then moves on.
Quote:
In secure mode this program either reads every audio sector at least twice or rely on extended error information that some drives are able to return with the audio data. That is one reason why the program is slower than other rippers. But by using this technique non-identical sectors are detected. If an error occurs (read or sync error), the program keeps on reading this sector, until eight of 16 retries are identical, but at maximum one, three or five times (according to the selected error recovery quality) these 16 retries are read. So, in the worst case, bad sectors are read up to 82 times! But this effort will help the program to obtain the best result by comparing all of the retries.
Also, you may want to try an older (slower CD drive) which may also help to recover the data.
just my 2 cent worth
 - kethd
 - [*]
Audio CD ROT, Red Book CD-DA data recovery, Disc Rot
Reply #17
Have you tried out ExactAudioCopy yet ? _URL_ This is also free / shareware.
...
Also, you may want to try an older (slower CD drive) which may also help to recover the data.
...
Yes, EAC is what I usually use, and the first thing I tried -- but I could not find any way to turn the error-checking down enough to get it to make any process with these rotted CDs. And yes, I also was hoping that older slower CD drives might help, but nothing in my pile of old drives worked at all...
 - kethd
 - [*]
Audio CD ROT, Red Book CD-DA data recovery, Disc Rot
Reply #18
BASIC PROGRAM UTILITY TOOL
TO INSPECT BLOCKS OF DIFFERENCES
IN MULTIPLE SETS OF ALMOST IDENTICAL .WAV FILES
The following BASIC program analyzes a set of nearly identical .wav files, finds block-chunks areas of difference and displays a grid of numbers for interactive inspection. It analyzes each such block and collects summary statistics into a results file.
I am experimenting with a set of 7 copies of a track from a set of audio CDs that have become unplayable (rotted). I was only able to get data from 2 discs: 5 copies from one disc and 2 copies from another.
Just eyeballing the grid of numbers, with the differing values highlighted, the first impression is that this data recovery project looks hopeful. In many cases the errors are isolated and should be easy to weed out. The blocks of errors are mostly not long runs. Usually there are not more than two values appearing for a given sample.
This 50 second stereo track is somewhat over 2,000,000 L-R 16-bit sample pairs. Running the program on all 7 copies produced this (highly edited) output:
E1.wav E2.wav E3.wav E4.wav E5.wav N1.wav N2.wav
_PHONE_ BLOCK 8363: BLKLINESBAD 1938[1853,3677,2247,222,220,70,17,12,10]35 OVERS, MAX 1938
, VALSMAX 2[0,8216,144,2,1,0,0] // TOTMINMAX 3[3085,4054,1176,46,2,0,0]
Interpratation:
_PHONE_ samples processed
8363 blocks (chunks) of errors
1853 blocks contained 1 line of differing samples
3677 blocks contained 2 lines of differing samples
2247 blocks contained 3 lines of differing samples...
35 blocks contained over 9 lines of differing samples
the longest block contained 1938 lines of differing samples
Each set of samples is analyzed to count how many different values appear, and count the total of "minority" values (how many values are different from the one that is most common). Each block has a max result for those two measures; these results are tallied for all the blocks.
8216 blocks contained a max of 2 different


Sentence for camminy | Use camminy in a sentence
How do you use camminy in a sentence. Journalists, spelling bee organizers, and those who would like to gain additional insight into the meaning of words may find this page particularly useful. The lines of text below use camminy in a sentence, and provide visitors a sentence for camminy.
 - Camminy asked in the voice of discretion. (10)
 - Camminy bowed busily somewhere in the direction between Patrick and the sideboard. (10)
 - Camminy kept his head bent, his hand on his glass of port. (10)
 - Camminy saw his client redden fast and frown. (10)
 - Camminy was announced and ushered in. (10)
 - It is my belief that Camminy has taken a partner that he may act the independent gentleman at his leisure. (10)
Glad you visited this page with a sentence for camminy. Perhaps also see a sentence for coin and ways to use candle in a sentence. Now that you've seen how to use camminy in a sentence hope you might explore the rest of this educational reference site to see many other example sentences which provide word usage information.


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Series Hybrid vs. Parallel Hybrid
April 18, 2012 by Ron Averill
Hybrid refers to something that is made up of two or more diverse ingredients. The goal in combining them is to capture and merge the advantages of each ingredient, while overcoming any disadvantages. But ingredients can be combined in many ways, resulting in considerable variation in performance depending on how they are combined.
In optimization search algorithms, as with electric vehicles, there are two main categories of hybrids: series and parallel. To better understand the basic
differences between the series and parallel hybrid approaches, let's consider a simple illustration.
Passing batonSuppose a team of people needs to carry an object a long distance. In a series hybrid strategy, one person will carry the object for a while, and then someone else will take the load and carry it a bit further. This "tag team" approach continues until the required distance is covered. This series approach might work well if the object is lightweight and small. But if the object is heavy or awkwardly shaped, then it will be difficult for one person to carry it even a short distance, if he or she can move it at all.
RowersIn this situation, it is clearly more effective for two or more people to carry the object together in a parallel hybrid approach. By working together in a well-coordinated effort, the load can be shared in a way that allows each participant to contribute to the task. Each contribution, however small, reduces the load on other team members, allowing the group to carry the load faster and further with less fatigue. Drivers of horse-drawn wagons, dog sleds and Christmas sleighs discovered this truth a long time ago.
Series hybrid optimization
Turning our attention to optimization, a series hybrid algorithm is developed by starting with one search algorithm, and then switching to another one (using a different strategy than that of the first algorithm) to continue the search. There is no limit to the number of different search strategies that can be used in this sequential manner.
Typically, a series hybrid algorithm begins with a search method that is good at global exploration, such as a Genetic Algorithm, and ends with a local refinement strategy, such as a gradient-based algorithm. Various other search methods can be sandwiched between these two. On some problems, this type of series optimization algorithm has been shown to perform reasonably well compared to monolithic (single-strategy) algorithms, when an appropriate set of algorithms and tuning parameters has been chosen.
How well a series hybrid optimization strategy performs depends on the specific algorithms and tuning parameters used at each stage of the search. Because each algorithm is working alone, the progress made at any time depends on how effective the selected method is for that problem and what it does with the information provided by previous search methods.
As I've mentioned in other posts, it is usually impossible to know which algorithms or values of tuning parameters will work well on a problem before it is solved. So, series hybrid algorithms have the same fatal flaw as most monolithic strategies, except the number of unknowns is now multiplied by the number of different strategies used.
Moreover, additional unknowns are introduced, such as the order of the strategies and when to stop one strategy in favor of another. Default values for these parameters may or may not work well for your current problem.
Parallel hybrid optimization
Parallel hybrid algorithms, like SHERPA (in HEEDS® MDO), overcome many of the shortcomings of series hybrid algorithms. In this strategy, multiple optimization methods actually work simultaneously to solve a problem in a collaborative fashion. Rather than contributing sequentially, these methods work together to search a design space and identify optimized solutions, like many hands helping to carry a heavy load.
As with any good team, a parallel hybrid algorithm requires good leadership, communication, coordination, and accountability. These attributes are built into the algorithm's infrastructure from the start.
Instead of separately exploring and refining at different stages of a search, a parallel hybrid algorithm enables these two essential activities to take place concurrently and synergistically! This not only speeds up the search but also makes it more likely to find the global optimum.
In a series hybrid algorithm, the search history can be used to determine which individual algorithm(s) made the most meaningful contribution to the search. But this is not possible with a parallel hybrid algorithm, because each algorithm behaves very differently as part of a team than it would individually.
Nevertheless, there are ways to hold an individual search strategy accountable for its contributions within a parallel hybrid algorithm, and those methods that do not contribute enough over time can be replaced by new methods or have their resources transferred to existing methods that are contributing at a higher level.
The characteristics of a well-designed parallel hybrid optimization algorithm include shared discovery, intellectual diversity, synergistic search, and greater robustness. Oh, and better designs, faster!
Collaborative Optimization
March 19, 2012 by Ron Averill
Collaborative optimizationMany engineers still resist the use of optimization algorithms to help improve their designs. Perhaps they feel that their hard-earned intuition is just too important to the solution process. In many cases, they are right.
At the same time, most optimization algorithms still refuse to accept input from engineers to help guide their mathematical search. The assumption is that the human brain cannot possibly decipher complex relationships among multiple system responses that depend upon large numbers of connected variables. Unfortunately, this is true.
Is this a case of irreconcilable differences? Or is it simply an example of everyone wanting to be the teacher, and no one wanting to be the student? I'm reminded of the Latin proverb:
Surely engineering intuition can benefit from the results of mathematical exploration, and vice-versa. It seems almost obvious.
So why do engineers and optimization algorithms prefer to work solo? I don't believe they prefer this. I think it is more a matter of not knowing how to collaborate, or not having the tools to facilitate this interaction.
Fortunately, modern optimization software tools like HEEDS now have features that encourage engineers to learn from the intermediate results of an optimization study and to share intuition-based insights with the optimization algorithm during a search. This collaborative optimization process leverages our two most powerful design tools – human experience and computers.
Consider the following example:
 - An engineer uses intuition and experience to define the goals of an optimization problem and a baseline (starting) design.
 - An optimization search algorithm then begins to explore the design space to uncover mathematical relationships that can lead to an optimized design, all the while sharing its progress and discoveries with the engineer.
 - While monitoring, validating and interpreting these intermediate search results, the engineer starts to learn what makes some designs better than others. This new understanding causes the engineer's intuition to practically blurt out, "If design B is better than design A, then design C should be even better!" Of course, the optimization algorithm might eventually discover design C on its own, but it would surely take a lot longer to do so.
 - The engineer shares his insight with the optimization algorithm, which happily accepts the input and puts it to use immediately. If the engineer was correct, then the algorithm now has new information that will accelerate its search. If the engineer's intuition did not lead to a better design, then the algorithm has only spent one design evaluation to discover this, and the new data may still have some valuable nuggets that can be exploited later in the search.
 - The circular process of exploring monitoring interpreting sharing is continuous throughout the search process, leading to better designs in much less time than was previously possible.
 - The enhanced communication between the engineer and the optimization algorithm builds a strong interdependent relationship between the two, leveraging the strength of each.
Collaborative optimization tears down one of the most common objections that experienced engineers have to using optimization methods. It not only makes full use of an engineer's intuition, but improves that intuition through experience gained from mathematical exploration of the design space. This is accelerated learning at its best.
Further, this is not one of those nice ideas that looks good on paper but doesn't work well in practice. This technique has already been used very successfully on many challenging design problems, including composite aircraft, crashworthy cars and insulated vaccine carriers.
There is now overwhelming evidence that a more intimate coupling of intuition with a hybrid, adaptive optimization algorithm can solve many challenging problems previously thought to be intractable.
Of course, in order to find the best solutions many optimization algorithms tend to explore a design space broadly, even spending some time in those regions of the space that don't yield any good designs. So the process helps us to understand not only what makes a good design, but also why some designs perform poorly. This reminds me of another important proverb:
"Wise men learn by other men's mistakes, fools by their own."
March 5, 2012 by Ron Averill
Clearly, the primary objective is to cross the finish line in the shortest time possible. But it's still important to remember that the total race time is the sum of the times necessary to complete three very different parts of the race – the swim, the bike and the run.
In optimization, this is often referred to as a summed objective problem. It is a good way to handle optimization problems containing multiple objectives that do not directly compete with one another. In other words, improving the value of one objective does not inevitably worsen another one. For example, swimming faster does not necessarily make you run slower, so these two objectives can naturally be summed together when seeking an optimal race strategy.
However, non-competing objectives might still be strongly coupled. In a triathlon, if you spend too much energy swimming faster, then you won't have enough energy remaining to bike or run at your best, resulting in a slower overall race time. Based on the athlete's level of skill and fitness,


Wiring
Connecting the AW9523 breakout to your Feather or Arduino is easy:
 - If you are running a Feather (3.3V), connect Feather 3V to board VIN
 - If you are running a 5V Arduino (Uno, etc.), connect Arduino 5V to board VIN
 - Connect Feather or Arduino GND to board GND
 - Connect Feather or Arduino SCL to board SCL
 - Connect Feather or Arduino SDA to board SDA
The final results should resemble the illustration above, showing an Adafruit Metro development board.
Installation
You can install the Adafruit AS9523 Library for Arduino using the Library Manager in the Arduino IDE:
Click the Manage Libraries ... menu item, search for Adafruit AW9523, and select the Adafruit AW9523 library:
Then follow the same process for the Adafruit BusIO library.
Load Example
There are three different examples for the Adafruit AW9523 in Arduino.
Blink
This example, unsurprisingly, blinks a single GPIO output pin. It's a good demo for setting a pin to be an output and changing the state
In this example, connect an LED + resistor to the expander pin labeled 0
Connect the anode (positive) leg of the LED to the 0 pad, then the cathode (negative) leg of the LED to a ~ 1K ohm resistor and the other end of the resistor to ground.
#include <Adafruit_AW9523.h>
Adafruit_AW9523 aw;
uint8_t LedPin = 0; // 0 thru 15
void setup() {
 Serial.begin(115200);
 while (!Serial) delay(1); // wait for serial port to open

 Serial.println("Adafruit AW9523 GPIO Expander test!");
 if (! aw.begin(0x58)) {
 Serial.println("AW9523 not found? Check wiring!");
 while (1) delay(10); // halt forever
 }
 Serial.println("AW9523 found!");
 aw.pinMode(LedPin, OUTPUT);
}
void loop() {
 aw.digitalWrite(LedPin, HIGH);
 delay(100);
 aw.digitalWrite(LedPin, LOW);
 delay(100);
}
The LED connected to pin 0 will blink every 100 milliseconds!
Button Input and LED Output
This example shows how you can create an input on the expander. Note that this expander does not support internal pull resistors
Keep the LED wired up on pin 0, with a resistor to ground, this is the output
Connect a tactile switch with one side connected to pin 1 of the expander. Add a ~10K pull-up resistor on the expander pin 1 to Vin. Connect the other side of the button to ground. This makes it so the button pin is HIGH by default, and when you press the button, the pin goes LOW
Open up File -> Examples -> Adafruit AW9523 -> ledbutton_demo and upload to your Arduino wired up to the breakout.
#include <Adafruit_AW9523.h>
Adafruit_AW9523 aw;
uint8_t LedPin = 0;
uint8_t ButtonPin = 1;
void setup() {
 Serial.begin(115200);
 while (!Serial) delay(1); // wait for serial port to open

 Serial.println("Adafruit AW9523 Button + LED test!");
 if (! aw.begin(0x58)) {
 Serial.println("AW9523 not found? Check wiring!");
 while (1) delay(10); // halt forever
 }
 Serial.println("AW9523 found!");
 aw.pinMode(LedPin, OUTPUT);
 aw.pinMode(ButtonPin, INPUT);
 aw.enableInterrupt(ButtonPin, true);
}
void loop() {
 aw.digitalWrite(LedPin, aw.digitalRead(ButtonPin));
 delay(10);
}
This line in the main loop does all the work:
aw.digitalWrite(LedPin, aw.digitalRead(ButtonPin));
We read the button pin, and whatever the logic value is, sets that to the LED output. So when the button is not pressed, the LED is on (HIGH). When the button is pressed, the LED is off (LOW)
You can also see we enable the interrupt pin to listen to the button, you can use the INT pin to then monitor for 'changes' without performing an I2C read of the expander
Constant current LED fade demo
This example shows how to set up a pin to use it as a constant-current driver for an LED. This is great for flicker-free LED driving, and consistent brightness no matter what the voltage is
In this example, connect an LED to the expander pin labeled 0
Connect the cathode (negative) leg of the LED to the 0 pad, then the anode (positive) to power
Note that you do not need a resistor with the LED because we are limited the current internally. However, there's no harm if the LED has a resistor.
Constant current mode is open drain sink ONLY. That means you must connect LED negative sides to the pin and the positive sides to power - this is opposite from how we normally drive LEDs from a GPIO pin
#include <Adafruit_AW9523.h>
Adafruit_AW9523 aw;
uint8_t LedPin = 0; // 0 thru 15
void setup() {
 Serial.begin(115200);
 while (!Serial) delay(1); // wait for serial port to open

 Serial.println("Adafruit AW9523 Constant Current LED test!");
 if (! aw.begin(0x58)) {
 Serial.println("AW9523 not found? Check wiring!");
 while (1) delay(10); // halt forever
 }
 Serial.println("AW9523 found!");
 aw.pinMode(LedPin, AW9523_LED_MODE); // set to constant current drive!
}
uint8_t x = 0;
void loop() {
 // Loop from 0 to 255 and then wrap around to 0 again
 aw.analogWrite(LedPin, x++);
 delay(10);
}
Open up File -> Examples -> Adafruit AW9523 -> constcurrent_demo and upload to your Arduino wired up to the breakout.
The aw.analogWrite(LedPin, x++); line will cause the LED on pin 0 to fade up from 0 (no current) to 255 (max current) Then once at maximum 255, the x variable will wrap around and start again from 0 so you'll see it 'pulse'
This guide was first published on Feb 10, 2021. It was last updated on Mar 27, 2021.
This page (Arduino) was last updated on Mar 05, 2023.
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Are you looking for the correct Say "Whomever did this …," say crossword clue answer? While searching our database for the query, we were able to find 1 possible answer for this crossword clue. You can find the closest and possible answer for this clue below.
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Money to preserve Mitchelville community on Hilton Head tied up in SC budget debate
_EMAIL_ 23, 2012
A state budget proposal sets aside $200,000 to preserve Mitchelville, believed to be American's first planned community for freed slaves, but supporters might have to fight for it.
The S.C. Senate debated amendments to the 2012-13 budget Tuesday and Wednesday. Among them is a measure from Sen. Shane Massey, R-Edgefield, stripping $4 million worth of projects earmarked for private nonprofits and local governments, including $200,000 for the Mitchelville Preservation Project.
Some senators, however, are considering whether the money could be routed through state agencies, which would decide how best to disburse the dollars.
Sen. Tom Davis, R-Beaufort, who supports Mitchelville's restoration, says he will vote in favor of Massey's amendment.
"I think preserving Mitchelville is a worthy project, but it ought not be funded via a political earmark in the budget," Davis said. "All politicians think their projects are worthy. That's why it's important for the projects to go through a competitive selection process before the appropriate executive agency, which in the case of Mitchelville would be the Department of Archives and History."
Davis believes he can persuade the state agency to fund its preservation, and says he's eager to help, comparing the effort to preserving Civil War battlefields of Gettysburg, Pa., and Manassas, Va.
"It's an extraordinary story, a compelling reminder of a defining moment in our nation's history right here in our own backyard," he said. "I am a strong proponent of limited government, but preserving something of great historical significance is a proper state function, and I am prepared to advocate its funding to the appropriate state agency in an open and competitive process."
Mitchelville was established in 1862, before the Emancipation Proclamation and a year after Union ships drove Confederate troops from Hilton Head Island.
Barracks were initially set up for "contraband" slaves left behind Union lines and those who fled to freedom from plantations on nearby islands. Living conditions, however, soon became intolerable.
Military orders were issued from Washington freeing the slaves in April 1862. Later, Union Gen. Ormsby Mitchel, for whom Mitchelville is named, set land aside to create the village. Each family was given a quarter-acre plot to build a home and grow crops. The village of 1,500 or so was built along what is now Beach City Road at the island's north end.
The freedmen elected their own officials and passed their own laws, including the first compulsory education law in the South, before Constitutional amendments granted such rights for African Americans.
The nonprofit group seeking to preserve the site hopes to use the state money to help buy plots adjoining 35-acres of townand county-donated land along Beach City Road.
The land abuts Fish Haul Creek Park, which the Town of Hilton Head has tentatively agreed to lease to the group so parts of the village can be recreated. The 10.5 acres would help the group preserve more of Mitchelville, which over time has been split, built up, sold, resold and eyed for development.
"We want to acquire as much of the original Mitchelville land as we can to preserve the spot where these freed slaves saw the dawn of freedom," newly named project chairman Randy Dolyniuk said.
The group is particularly interested in buying Jerre Weckhorst's house, a replica home and headquarters for Gen. Mitchel, which includes a trove of artifacts from the mid-19th century and earlier.
The house is not on the market, but Weckhorst said he will consider selling to the Mitchelville group.
The nonprofit group hopes it can purchase the five parcels for about $2.9 million.
"Two-hundred thousand dollars is a drop in the bucket, but is a very important drop in the bucket," Dolyniuk said. "That may be the seed money that will help us leverage more donations."
There is no timetable for completion of the project, which is in its early stages. Plans include ongoing archeological digs and research; replicas of cottages, a school, and a prayer house; commemorative statues and a welcome center.
"It's a shame more people, even those in Beaufort County, don't know about Mitchelville," Davis said. "We rightly recognize Penn Center and the historic district of downtown Beaufort, but don't give Mitchelville its due, and I will do whatever I can to raise public awareness and ensure it is preserved."
The Associated Press contributed to this story
Related content
 1. Mitchelville Preservation Project
 2. Mitchelville supporters fight to preserve 'an American story': May 12, 2012
 3. Mitchelville on the mind: Jan.3, 2006
 4. Mitchelville: A fight to preserve 'da spirit of freedom'
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text:
Abstract for: The Agropastoralist Policy Lab (ApPL): analyzing the impacts of drought on rural Somalia and its policy implications
This paper discusses our experience in using System Dynamics to help humanitarian organizations respond to the deteriorated food security situation experienced by rural agropastoralists of Somalia as a result of drought. The main objective of our System Dynamics model was to test the impact of four policy options employed by an international Non-Governmental Organization to provide aid for vulnerable Somalis during, and after the onset of drought. The second objective was to create an online simulator to help disseminate insights from the model to a wider audience. Our results indicate that some policies are more effective than others in improving household food security and livelihood outcomes, there are tradeoffs between the four policies, and that the policy outcomes are time sensitive, the effectiveness of which is influenced by the time of policy implementation.


text:
Background: Although it is well-recognized that hospitalization often precipitates functional decline in older patients, there have been few studies to examine these functional changes carefully over multiple points in time. Objective: To describe functional trajectory during and 6 months posthospitalization and to ascertain the predictors that signal different classes of functional trajectory, using latent class analysis. Methods: A cohort study was conducted on 286 older hospitalized patients who were admitted to five surgical-medical units at a tertiary medical center in Northern Taiwan. Results are reported of 241 participants who completed all four scheduled assessments during hospitalization (within 48 hr after admission and before discharge) and 3 and 6 months postdischarge. Functional trajectory was measured using the Barthel index over four time points, and decline was defined as a reduction on the Barthel index scores. Demographics, comorbidities, visual impairment, medications taken, cognitive status, nutritional status, oral health, depressive symptoms, social support, surgical diagnosis, and length of stay were assessed as the predictors of functional trajectory classes. Results: Most (74.3%) participants developed functional decline during hospitalization, and 32.0% had persistent functional impairment at 6 months posthospitalization. Three functional trajectory classes (good, moderate, and poor) were identified, and gender, age, comorbidities, cognitive status, nutritional status, oral health status, and length of stay were associated with different trajectory classes. Conclusion: Visualizing different classes of functional trajectory and studying predictors that signal such differences during and posthospitalization help practitioners understand how function changed and the possible ways to intervene.
|Number of pages||8|
|State||Published - 1 Mar 2008|
- Activities of daily living
- Acute care for the older persons
- Functional decline
- Longitudinal design


text:
A professional landscape Melbourne company may even come to your home and install a drainage system on your property, as well as the necessary equipment needed to keep a lawn free of debris and other objects that could harm the grass. These professionals may also know about various types of fertilizers and weed killers that can be used to keep grass in good condition. on your property. In addition to helping your lawn look better, these types of professionals can even help to repair any damage that may have occurred to it over the years.
Landscape Melbourne – Basic Principles Of Landscape Design
Many professional landscapers come equipped with all the tools and supplies needed for their clients to work on their projects. These supplies include tools such as spades, hoes, spades, spading machines, rakes, spades, shovels, trowels and much more. They may also provide you with soil to use for your garden or plant trees in the space.
Another thing that landscapers typically offer clients is the expertise and knowledge of how plants and trees interact in your surroundings. They will be able to identify how plants will grow best in the area where you plan to put them, and how they should complement each other. This knowledge can often help you improve the look of your garden without the use of chemicals.


text:
The Offshore Engineering group conducts applied and fundamental research of value to the offshore engineering community. Alongside the research activities, the group is strongly involved in education within the Offshore and Dredging Engineering interfaculty curriculum. Both the research and education are carried out in close cooperation with the energy-oriented companies focused on the offshore developments.
The research mission of the group is to provide mechanics-based tools and solutions to offshore engineering challenges. The focus of the research is placed on the integral modelling and design of offshore structures under various loads such as wind, waves, currents and ice. Currently on the frontline are the research projects associated with the deep water challenges, developments in the Arctic and expansion of the offshore wind sector.
The educational mission of the group is to educate Offshore Engineers who will be in high demand at the energy-focused companies working with oil, gas and renewable energy. We accomplish this by providing the students with a strong fundamental background, applied knowledge and direct and indeed very active contacts with the industry.


text:
125 years of citizen astronomy!
2020 is an important year for citizen astronomy in New South Wales with the assembly, and first meeting to form the British Astronomical Association New South Wales Branch (now called Sydney City Skywatchers) held on 30 January 1895. John Tebbutt FRAS was appointed the first President.
At the second meeting held in March 1895 there were 48 members admitted, including women. A rigorous series of monthly meetings followed with talks and presentations about comets, solar eclipses, planets and stars. You can find out more here.
This year we have embraced new ways of communicating with the over 80 members who live far and wide using Zoom technology. There are talks planned every month with expert speakers, some are our own members, presenting.
We have also launched a new logo which honours our past, but looks forward to many new opportunities to learn and participate in astronomy.
As the 56th President of the Society, I am inviting all members to join in our presentations on-line and, if you are not a member, join up because it is great network of people who are interested and engaged in astronomy in many different ways. Once Covid-19 regulations are relaxed we will resume our outreach program which gives opportunities to improve telescope skills and if you don't own a telescope you can see what others are using and learn. No prior experience, but curiousity is required!


text: Multi-agent systems (MAS) can be widely applied in warehouse management to enhance logistics operation efficiency, reduce costs, and improve decision-making. In a MAS, robots can serve as agents to optimize the routing and scheduling of shipments, reducing delivery times and improving customer satisfaction in the warehouse environment. It is widely recognized that the more robots are deployed, the higher efficiency logistics operation will be. However, with the increasing number of robots, a growing number of challenges emerge, particularly in the domain of task allocation—a process aimed at assigning tasks to a group of robots to achieve a common goal. The task allocation often requires multi-objective optimization to balance various factors. This paper presents an efficient multi-agent task allocation algorithm that can handle both static and dynamic task allocation. To handle static tasks, the paper employs the NSGA2 algorithm, which can handle multi-objective optimization, to efficiently generate scheduling schemes and assign agents in the warehouse to execute tasks. For dynamic tasks, an auction-bid scheme is employed to quickly respond to task changes and ensure the efficient completion of the task. Meanwhile, we also design an effective scheme traffic-rules based to sufficiently avoid the robot collision. The simulation results demonstrated the capability of our algorithm to efficiently allocate tasks and plan the shortest path based on A*. Moreover, the algorithm effectively minimizes both the sum of the travel costs over all robots and the maximum individual travel cost over all robots simultaneously.


text:
New Chameleon Species from the Aberdare Mountains, Kenya
A new species from the central highlands of Kenya is described but may be threatened by fires
Surveys of the highlands of East Africa continue to reveal undescribed chameleon species diversity. Researchers recently surveyed the inaccessible Kinangop Peak (4000m) at the southern end of the Aberdare range, central highlands of Kenya. They compared the external morphology of small chameleons they found with other described taxa in the bitaeniatus group, which revealed them to be morphologically distinct. Mitochondrial DNA was used to construct gene trees and showed that the proposed new taxon, Trioceros kinangopensis sp. nov., is unique evolutionary lineage that is closely related to T. nyirit and T. schubotzi. Trioceros kinangopensis sp. nov. is restricted to the afroalpine zone (>3500m) and the prevalence of fires in this type of habitat may threaten its long-term survival.
For more information, read the full article here.


How To Blow Up A Car Engine? [Solved] 2022 – Best Answer
How do you make an engine blow up?
There is no one answer to this question as it is a potentially dangerous and difficult task that requires expertise and experience. However, some possible methods for making an engine blow up include using Improvised Explosive Devices (IEDs), detonating a grenade in the engine, or using a spark plug that has been cut off and set on fire.
What can make an engine blow?
Blowing air out of the engine.
What can you put in a car engine to mess it up?
There are many things you can put in a car engine to mess it up. Some common items include oil, air, and fuel.
What can damage a car engine?
The most common damage to a car engine is knocking. knocking is caused by the air/fuel mixture detonating prematurely in the engine.
How long will an engine last with blow-by?
The average engine will last around 10,000 miles with blow-by.
Can you blow your engine by revving?
No, you cannot blow your engine by revving.
What can cause engine failure?
The most common causes of engine failure are over-temperature, over-discharge, and low fuel pressure.
How do I know if I blew my engine?
There are a few ways to tell if you have blown your engine. One way is to look at the oil level in the engine. If it is low, you may need to replace the engine. Another way is to smell the air in the engine. If it smells like fuel or oil, you may have blown your engine.
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How To Remove Dried Egg From Car? [Solved] 2022 - Best Answer
How can I burn my car without getting caught?
There are a few ways to tell if you have blown your engine. One way is to look at the oil level in the oil pan. If the level is low, then it means that your engine has been damaged and needs to be fixed. If the level is high, then it means that your engine is running healthy and you can continue using it.
What's the worst thing you could put in a gas tank?
There are many things that could go into a gas tank, but the worst thing that could happen is that it explodes.
What do you do if someone puts sugar in your gas tank?
If someone puts sugar in your gas tank, you should drive to a nearby refinery and get a new tank.
What happens when you spray WD 40 into your gas tank?
The WD 40 will cause the gas tank to fill with water and the car will start.
How would you know if someone put sugar in your gas tank?
There are a few ways to tell if someone put sugar in your gas tank. One way is to smell the fuel. If the fuel smells like sugar, then the person may have added sugar to the gasoline. Another way to determine if someone put sugar in your gas tank is to look for the brownish-white residue on the fuel line. This residue usually indicates that someone added sugar to the gasoline.
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How To Delete Your Bitmoji On Snapchat? [Solved] 2022 - Best Answer
How much blow-by is too much?
There is no definitive answer to this question as it depends on the individual and the type of Blow-by. Generally speaking, however, most blow-by levels are below the safe limit established by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI).
What happens when an engine blows up?
The engine may catch fire, and the car may flip over.
Does blow-by cause smoke?
There is no definitive answer to this question as it depends on the specific circumstances of each situation. In general, however, blow-by can cause smoke if it is a regular part of the engine's air/fuel mixture.
Is it OK to rev a car in park?
There is no definitive answer as to whether or not it is OK to rev a car in park. Some people may feel that doing so helps the engine run more efficiently, while others may feel that it creates a bit of a noise. Ultimately, it is up to the individual driver to decide whether or not they want to rev their car in park.
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Energy exponents and corrections to scaling in Ising spin glasses
Jean-Philippe Bouchaud 1, Florent Krzakala 2, 3, Olivier C. Martin 1, 2
Physical Review B 68 (2003) 224404
We study the probability distribution P(E) of the ground state energy E in various Ising spin glasses. In most models, P(E) seems to become Gaussian with a variance growing as the system's volume V. Exceptions include the Sherrington-Kirkpatrick model (where the variance grows more slowly, perhaps as the square root of the volume), and mean field diluted spin glasses having +/-J couplings. We also find that the corrections to the extensive part of the disorder averaged energy grow as a power of the system size; for finite dimensional lattices, this exponent is equal, within numerical precision, to the domain-wall exponent theta_DW. We also show how a systematic expansion of theta_DW in powers of exp(-d) can be obtained for Migdal-Kadanoff lattices. Some physical arguments are given to rationalize our findings.
 - 1. Service de physique de l'état condensé (SPEC),
 CNRS : UMR8626 – Université Paris XI - Paris Sud
 - 3. Dipartimento di Fisica,
 INFM – SMC – Università degli studi di Roma I - La Sapienza


text:
A useful way to enable children to show their understanding in science is to use Clicker Talk Sets. A set to look at on LearningGrids is Reversible and Irreversible Changes – Talk, which looks at six materials and how they might be changed. Students consider whether the changes shown are permanent, or whether the materials can be returned to their original states.
The activity is open-ended – some children might describe what they can see in the pictures while others might give detailed interpretations of what has happened. Some may recognize, for example, that the candle represents both a reversible and an irreversible change. As such, the activity is suitable for a range of abilities.
Having recorded their ideas, children could use the set as a prompt for writing.
For other Talk Sets, use the quick search on LearningGrids.
To view all of the science sets available on LearningGrids, click on Science in the Categories section.


From Fedora Project Wiki
Revision as of 18:36, 10 January 2011 by Adamwill (talk | contribs) (moved QA:Testcase intelvideo kms to QA:Testcase intelvideo basic: Standardize video test case naming)
Description
This test case tests whether basic X initialization is successful with the intel driver.
Setup
 1. Ensure the nomodeset and i915.modeset=0 kernel parameters are not set in your bootloader configuration
 - You can see your current kernel options by running cat /proc/cmdline
 2. Ensure the file /etc/X11/xorg.conf does not exist, or is a valid file that uses the intel driver
 3. Shut your system down entirely, then start it up again
 4. If using a live image to test, ignore the above steps and simply boot the system from the live image with default options
How to test
 1. Observe whether the system successfully reaches the graphical login screen
Expected Results
 1. The system should boot successfully to the normal graphical login screen, at the optimal resolution for your monitor, with no graphical artifacts (missing cursor, wrong colors etc)


text:
This series of factsheets sets out the 10 key characteristics of good nutritional care in healthcare environments.
Care providers should:
- Deliver food service and nutritional care safely.
- Maintain an environment conducive to people enjoying their meals and being able to safely consume their food and drinks. (In hospitals this is known as 'Protected Mealtimes'.)
- Support a multi-disciplinary approach to nutritional care, and value the contribution of staff, service users, carers and volunteers.
- Include guidance on food service and nutritional care in service delivery and accountability arrangements.
- Screen all patients and service-users to identify malnourishment or risk of malnourishment.
- Design facilities and services which are centred on the needs of the people using them.
- Create a personal care or support plan for each patient or service-user, and give them input to identify their nutritional care and fluids needs.
- Ensure that staff and volunteers have appropriate skills and competencies, and receive regular training.
- Involve patients and service-users in planning and monitoring arrangements for food services and drinks provision.
- Create a policy for food service and nutritional care which is centred on the needs of users.


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Get Seconds from timestamp in Python-Pandas
 - Last Updated : 28 Jul, 2021
In this program our task is to create a program in python which will extract seconds from a given timestamp. We will use the s attribute of the DataTime object to extract the second.
Example : If we have a data frame that contains 5 different time stamps such as:

Timestamp
2012-12-11 04:12:01
2013-10-13 04:12:04
2014-12-14 04:12:05
2015-11-15 04:12:06
2016-10-15 04:12:07
And our task is to extract that seconds from given timestamps. So the output here will be:

 Attention geek! Strengthen your foundations with the Python Programming Foundation Course and learn the basics.
To begin with, your interview preparations Enhance your Data Structures concepts with the Python DS Course. And to begin with your Machine Learning Journey, join the Machine Learning - Basic Level Course
seconds
1
4
5
6
7
Example 1 :

Python3
# importing the module
import pandas as pd

# generating 10 timestamp starting from '2016-10-10 09:21:12'
date1 = pd.Series(pd.date_range('2016-10-10 09:21:12',
 periods = 10, freq = 's'))

# converting pandas series into data frame
df = pd.DataFrame(dict(GENERATEDTIMESTAMP = date1))

# extracting seconds from time stamp
df['extracted_seconds_timestamp'] = df['GENERATEDTIMESTAMP'].dt.second

# displaying DataFrame
display(df)
Output :

Example 2 :

Python3
# importing the module
import pandas as pd

# generating 5 timestamp starting from '2020-01-01 00:00:00'
date1 = pd.Series(pd.date_range('2020-01-01 00:00:00',
 periods = 5, freq = 's'))

# converting pandas series into data frame
df = pd.DataFrame(dict(GENERATEDTIMESTAMP = date1))

# extracting seconds from time stamp
df['extracted_seconds_timestamp'] = df['GENERATEDTIMESTAMP'].dt.second

# displaying DataFrame
display(df)
Output :

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