Getting into recovery mode becomes essential many times. Though the Huawei smartphones lack some common functionalities under this mode, still, you've enough options to maintain performance and stability of your phone. In this tutorial, we'll learn how to enter /boot recovery mode on Honor 8X smartphone. Through this mode, you can perform certain actions, including a factory reset and wipe cache partition. These are important to troubleshoot most of the Android problems that usually happen. And there are different ways to access this mode.
The usual method that includes the hardware keys is different for this model. If you're new to this phone or an Android operating system, you must aware yourself with these basic functions. Basically, the recovery mode runs independently and offers an environment that helps users to modify and customize the Android operating system. Thus, if anything bad happens to the Android firmware and it gets malfunctioned, you can use the recovery mode to troubleshoot that problem. The Huawei smartphones come with the stock recovery that has limited options.
If you've been familiar with the custom recoveries, these options seem very low in numbers. In order get into the recovery mode on Honor 8X, we have different methods. You can wisely choose between these based on your condition. The most common method to boot into the recovery mode uses the hardware keys. However, if something bad happens to these keys (any of them), we cannot use this method anymore. If that relates to your case, then we recommend you to try other methods that we discuss in this tutorial. Alternatively, we can use Google's Android Debugging tool to get into this mode.
The ADB tool has been designed for Android developers. This tool allows developers to evolve better applications and games. Basically, this tool has a command prompt based interface. Where we can write different commands that directly control the Android device. Through this command prompt, we can boot the Honor 8X and other smartphones into the recovery mode too. Most importantly, this method doesn't include the hardware keys. Thus, if you ever find that physical buttons aren't working on your phone, you can use the ADB commands to access different modes on your phone.
Besides, accessing the recovery mode doesn't affect your phone, nevertheless, you shouldn't use this mode carelessly. This mode is powerful enough to wipe your phone instantly. And if that happens, we cannot reverse that thing. Therefore, we recommend you to use this mode very precise and apply actions when you're completely sure about it. The stock recovery on Honor 8X has only two options; Factory Reset and Wipe Cache partition. Both these options wipe data on your phone. So, you better create a backup before proceeding with any of these actions.
Without bothering you more, we should get started with the main purpose of this tutorial. First, we explore the essential steps required to boot into the recovery mode on Honor 8X using the hardware buttons. Just follow the below steps:
Enter recovery mode on Honor 8X
Method 1: Enter recovery mode on Honor 8X using the hardware buttons
 1. Turn OFF your phone using the power button.
 2. Now, press and hold the Volume Up and Power buttons at the same time.
 3. Once the Honor Logo appears, release the Power button while holding the Volume Up key.
 4. Keep holding the Volume Up button until the Recovery Mode appears.
 5. Now, you can release the Volume Up button.
 6. You're in Recovery Mode.
The steps remain the same if you're using a custom recovery mode. That's the simplest method to enter/boot Honor 8X into the recovery mode. Also, see our tutorial; how to clear the cache on Honor 8X smartphone.
As your device enters into the recovery mode, you'll find the recovery menu that offers the following options:
 1. Wipe data/Factory reset — Use this option to perform a hard/factory reset on your phone.
 2. Wipe Cache Partition — When your phone becomes overloaded with the cache data, use this option to wipe the entire cache partition at once. This will help you maintain performance and free some good amount of storage space.
 3. Reboot system — Use this option to exit the recovery mode.
We hope that's enough information about this menu. Now, you should be able to use this mode appropriately. Move forward to learn the next method to enter into this mode.
Method 2: Use ADB commands to boot Honor 8X into the Recovery Mode
If you're unable to use the first method for any reason, the ADB commands can help you to get into this mode. However, before we can use this tool, there are some prerequisites that one must fulfill. First, you need to enable the USB Debugging feature on your phone.
The following steps should help in enabling this option on your phone:
 1. Open Settings on your phone.
 2. Tap on System (or proceed to next step)
 3. Tap on About phone.
 4. Now, locate the Build Number and tap it 7 times to activate the Developer Options.
 5. Then, locate the Developer Options under Settings menu.
 6. Under this menu, look for USB Debugging and enable it.
That's it, you've enabled both; Developer Options and USB Debugging on your phone. Now, to proceed further, arrange the following things:
 1. You need a Windows-based computer to operate the ADB tool.
 2. Must have the original USB cable of your phone. We will use that cable to form a proper connection with the computer.
 3. You must install the USB Drivers on the phone on your computer. You can download and install the Google USB Drivers on your phone from →here.
Now, you're ready to use this method and get your Honor 8X phone booted into the recovery mode. Use the following instructions:
 1. Begin with downloading the minimal package of ADB tool from →here. Unzip the package to obtain Run Me.bat file and double tap it. That opens the command prompts like this:Use ADB commands to boot Honor 8X into the recovery mode
 2. Thereafter, connect your Honor 8X through the USB cable to the computer.
 3. Type the following command to verify that your phone is there:
 - adb devices
 4. Now, type the following command to enter into the recovery mode.
 - adb reboot recovery
 5. That should boot your phone into the recovery mode.
Remember, the first command doesn't list your device, just re-install the USB Drivers and restart your computer. After that, follow the above procedure again.
That's it, you've successfully entered this Honor 8X smartphone into the recovery mode using the ADB commands. You can use this mode when you're out of options using the hardware keys.
So, that ends our tutorial here that explains two different methods to boot/enter Honor 8X into the recovery mode. You should certain your self with this mode. Sooner or later, you might want to use this tool to format your phone or clear it's entire cache files at once. That will help you troubleshoot most of the bugs and problems on Android smartphones.
_URL_ GuptaMobileHonor,Honor 8X,recovery mode,recovery mode Honor 8XGetting into recovery mode becomes essential many times. Though the Huawei smartphones lack some common functionalities under this mode, still, you've enough options to maintain performance and stability of your phone. In this tutorial, we'll learn how to enter /boot recovery mode on Honor 8X smartphone. Through this mode,...


How to Eat Mochi
Japan has a wide range of exotic foods that foreign visitors are sure to enjoy. Mochi is certainly a popular treat.
Mochi, also known as rice cakes, are something of a delicacy in Japan. Mochi can also be eaten in a range of different ways depending on the context - it can be eaten in ceremonies and functions, such as in New Year ceremonies.
But how exactly do you eat mochi?
Safety Precautions
Before we go on with the different types of mochi, let's just make one quick note - take little bites and make sure that you chew the mochi thoroughly before you swallow.
If you don't follow this advice, it can sometimes result in the mochi getting stuck in your throat as it is quite sticky.
As a Dessert
Mochi is most commonly eaten as a dessert, and boy are there a lot of desserts!
First of all is Daifuku. This translates to 'big' (Dai) and 'luck' (Fuku). This is a little round mochi, and inside of it is a filling that's usually sweet. Azuki red bean paste is just one example of a filling.
Kinako Mochi is also pretty intriguing. This is made out of mochi and roasted soy flour. It's a sweet treat with a delectable texture that you're sure to enjoy.
You can also get something called Ichigo Daifuku. Ichigo translates to 'strawberry.' As the name suggests, it's pretty similar to daifuku but the strawberry part is the important thing to remember. It tastes very sweet and yet is rather chewy thanks to the mochi part.
Mochi ice cream is also pretty popular. It's a little ball of mochi and it has a filling inside. That's right, ice cream! This is any sugar lover's dream. Before eating, allow the mochi ice cream to warm up for a couple of minutes so the dough can return to normal before you eat. This will make it much easier to bite. You can even add mochi ice cream to other desserts and dishes such as espresso or ice cream sandwiches.
In a Dish
Mochi is most commonly known for its function in various desserts, but did you know that it can also be used in various dishes?
For instance, it is sometimes used in Zoni. This is a soup that is traditionally eaten on New Year's Day.
So the next time that you are interested in some Japanese cuisine, you should certainly try mochi! This delicious food is truly something to enjoy when you visit Japan.
We hope you like it!


text: This paper presents a statistical measure for the identification of the presence, the location, and the calibration of the strength of singularity in a signal or in any of its derivatives in the presence of measurement noise without the requirement of a baseline using a wavelet based detection technique. For this proposed wavelet based detection of singularities present in a signal, the problem of false alarm and its significant reduction by use of multiple measurements is presented. The importance of the proposed measure on baseline and nonbaseline damage calibration has been discussed from the aspect of structural health monitoring. The findings in this paper can also be used for cross-checking of background noise level in an observed signal. The detection of the existence, location, and extent of an open crack from the first fundamental modeshape of a simply supported beam is presented as an example problem.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
Design of the Medal and Token Commemorating the Construction of the Monument to Nicholas I in Kiev, Kiev Province, 1895
This ink and watercolor document contains designs for the medal and the token issued to commemorate the construction of the monument to Tsar Nicholas I (1796−1855, reigned 1825−55) in Kiev. The designs are by the academician in architecture Vladimir Nikolaev (1847−1911), who also designed the pedestal for the monument. Nikolaev was the municipal and eparchial (diocesan) architect of Kiev at the time and designed many churches and mansions in the city. The statue of Nicholas was by the sculptor Matvei Afanas'evich Chizhov (1838−1916). The monument was erected in University Square and was officially unveiled in August 1896 during a visit to Kiev by Tsar Nicholas II, great-grandson of Nicholas I. The name of Nicholas I traditionally is associated with the opening of the university and the Institute for Noble Girls in Kiev. The monument was demolished in 1920. This document is preserved in the Russian State Historical Archive.
Title in Original Language
Киевская губерния. Проект медали и жетона в память сооружения памятника Николаю I в гор. Киеве : 1895 г.
Type of Item
Ink and watercolor on paper
Last updated: August 8, 2014


Laravel Collection Combine With Code Examples
In this article, we will look at how to get the solution for the problem, Laravel Collection Combine With Code Examples
How do I combine two collections in laravel?
Laravel collection merge() method merge any given array to first collection array. If the first collection is indexed array, the second collection will be added to the end of the new collection. The merge() method can accept either an array or a Collection instance.
$collection = collect(['John Doe']);
$concatenated = $collection->concat(['Jane Doe'])->concat(['name' => 'Johnny Doe']);
$concatenated->all();
// ['John Doe', 'Jane Doe', 'Johnny Doe']
$foo = collect(Foo::all());
$bar = collect(Bar::all());
$merged = $foo->merge($bar);
$collection = collect(['product_id' => 1, 'price' => 100]);
$merged = $collection->merge(['price' => 200, 'discount' => false]);
$merged->all();
// ['product_id' => 1, 'price' => 200, 'discount' => false]
$collection = collect(['name', 'age']);
$combined = $collection->combine(['George', 29]);
$combined->all();
// ['name' => 'George', 'age' => 29]
What is use of pluck method in laravel?
Laravel Pluck() is a Laravel Collections method used to extract certain values from the collection. You might often would want to extract certain data from the collection i.e Eloquent collection.
Does laravel have relationship?
has() is to filter the selecting model based on a relationship. So it acts very similarly to a normal WHERE condition. If you just use has('relation') that means you only want to get the models that have at least one related model in this relation.
What does => mean in Laravel?
assign operator
How do I add two collections?
Using the concat() Method. The static method concat() combines two Streams logically by creating a lazily concatenated Stream whose elements are all the elements of the first Stream followed by all the elements of the second Stream.
Why blade is used in Laravel?
In addition to template inheritance and displaying data, Blade also provides convenient shortcuts for common PHP control structures, such as conditional statements and loops. These shortcuts provide a very clean, terse way of working with PHP control structures while also remaining familiar to their PHP counterparts.
What is difference between Pluck and select in Laravel?
Pluck function normally used to pull a single column from the collection or with 2 columns as key, value pairs, which is always be a single dimension array. Select will return all of the columns you specified for an entity in a 2 dimensional array, like array of selected values in an array.
How do I sort a collection in laravel?
Laravel Collections Sorting a collection
How do you combine two data sets?
To join two data frames (datasets) vertically, use the rbind function. The two data frames must have the same variables, but they do not have to be in the same order. If data frameA has variables that data frameB does not, then either: Delete the extra variables in data frameA or.
Which Collection is best for sorting?
If you just want to sort a list, use any kind of List and use Collections. sort(). If you want to make sure elements in the list are unique and always sorted, use a SortedSet.
Intro To Python With Code Examples
In this article, we will look at how to get the solution for the problem, Intro To Python With Code Examples Can I teach myself Python? Can I Learn Python On My Own? Yes, it's absolutely possible to learn Python on your own. Although it might affect the amount of time you need to take to learn Python, there are plenty of free online courses, video tips, and other interactive resources to help anyone learn to program with Python. """ Welcome to computing! -- in this case, Python is the prog
X = X + 1 Javascript With Code Examples
In this article, we will look at how to get the solution for the problem, X = X + 1 Javascript With Code Examples What is == vs === in JavaScript? The == operator will compare for equality after doing any necessary type conversions. The === operator will not do the conversion, so if two values are not the same type === will simply return false . Both are equally quick. X += 1 Using a variety of different examples, we have learned how to solve the X = X + 1 Javascript. Is it += or =+ in JavaScri
Python Return Value From Single Cell Dataframe With Code Examples
In this article, we will look at how to get the solution for the problem, Python Return Value From Single Cell Dataframe With Code Examples How do I extract a single value from a DataFrame? get_value() function is used to quickly retrieve the single value in the data frame at the passed column and index. The input to the function is the row label and the column label. import pandas as pd data = ["thing"] df = pd.DataFrame(data) print(df.values) print(df.values[0]) print(df.values[0][0]) #Get fi
Can'T Resolve 'Crypto' In '/Users/Slmc/Downloads/Technical Assessment/Technical-Assessment/Node_Modules/Bson/Dist With Code Examples
In this article, we will look at how to get the solution for the problem, Can'T Resolve 'Crypto' In '/Users/Slmc/Downloads/Technical Assessment/Technical-Assessment/Node_Modules/Bson/Dist With Code Examples How can I use can in a sentence? We often use can to talk about ability to do something in the present or future: I can sing one song in Polish. Can you sleep on your back? We can go swimming after school tomorrow, if you like. ... module.exports = function (webpackEnv) {
Python Display Text In Label On New Line With Code Examples
In this article, we will look at how to get the solution for the problem, Python Display Text In Label On New Line With Code Examples How do you create a GUI component with Python Tkinter for displaying multiple lines of text? How to create a multiline entry with Tkinter? Python Tkinter – Text Widget. Python | Add Label to a kivy window. Python | Textinput widget in kivy. Kivy Tutorial. Hello World in Kivy. Python | Kivy .kv File. Python | Create Box Layout widget using .kv file. label = La
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text:
Yellowstone Center for Resources
The Yellowstone Center for Resources (YCR) was created in March 1993 to centralize the park's science and resource management functions. Many of the YCR's resource managers hold advanced degrees that provide them with the knowledge and experience to fill a scientific research role while performing the majority of their work within the realm of resource management. The goals of the YCR are to gather, manage, and analyze data that helps the park better manage natural and cultural resources; understand and mitigate the environmental and historic consequences of proposals; preserve and curate rare, sensitive, and valuable cultural and natural resources; work with park partners to meet resource management goals; and promote transfer of knowledge to other park staff, partners, and the public.
More information on the Yellowstone Center for Resources can be found in the YCR annual reports.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
"Your Safety is Our Business"
At the request of many clients, Safety Training and Consulting has developed a two-part course designed to address the unique environmental dangers faced by people who spend a lot of time in the Florida outdoors.
This Florida Outdoor First Aid course also discusses patient care as well as recognition and prevention of outdoor injuries and illnesses.
- Module 1 teaches your workers vital information about Florida critters, plants and Mother Nature
- Module 2 teaches you what to do when faced with potentially serious Medical and Trauma situations
Below is a PDF of our Florida Outdoors brochure, which you may download and print:
Florida Outdoors - Three Fold Brochure


}: {
queryRef: NameUpdater_viewer$key,
}) {
const environment = useRelayEnvironment();
const data = useFragment(
graphql'
fragment NameUpdater_viewer on Viewer {
name
}
',
queryRef
);
const [newName, setNewName] = useState(data?.viewer?.name);
const onSubmit = () => {
commitLocalUpdate(environment, store => {
const {updatableData} = store.readUpdatableQuery_EXPERIMENTAL(
graphql'
viewer {
name
}
',
{}
);
const viewer = updatableData.viewer;
if (viewer != null) {
viewer.name = newName;
}
});
};
// etc
}
 - This particular example can be rewritten using readUpdatableFragment_EXPERIMENTAL. However, you may prefer readUpdatableQuery_EXPERIMENTAL for several reasons:
 - You do not have ready access to a fragment reference, e.g. if the call to commitLocalUpdate is not obviously associated with a component.
 - You do not have ready access to a fragment where we select the parent record of the record we wish to modify (e.g. the Query in this example). Due to a known type hole in Relay, updatable fragments cannot be spread at the top level.
 - You wish to use variables in the updatatable fragment. Currently, updatable fragments reuse the variables that were passed to the query. This means that you cannot, for example, have an updatable fragment with fragment-local variables and call readUpdatableFragment_EXPERIMENTAL multiple times, each time passing different variables.
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text:
STEP EIGHT. You can use Canvas table layout to maximize the available space, with the Twitter widget in one column and contextualizing information in the other column. If you are designing for mobile, you can find additional information here: Canvas Columns without Tables.
Canvas Pages are not really a great space in which to design, in large part because you are constrained by the Canvas system content to the left, on the top, and sometimes to the right that you cannot control. You can, however, find ways to make tables work to your advantage if you want to make the most of the limited screen space available.
To get a sense of how that works, compare these two screenshots. Here's a widget pasted into a page:
And here's what it's like to put a widget into a two-column table:
If you want to use a table, you can copy-and-paste this bit of two-column table template code to quickly create a table that works nicely with an embedded Twitter widget. Remember that you need to be in the HTML editor when you paste in this code. You can then shift back into the Rich Content View to do your actual content editing.
TEXT STUFF GOES HERE
IFRAME STUFF GOES HERE
- The valign is important; that is what makes the contents of the table align against the top.
- The non-breaking spaces create a kind of divider column space between the left and right columns.
- You can adjust the width value as needed; the 450 pixel width works nicely for the widgets I usually make at Twitter.
- The iframe stuff was covered in the previous step: Add Twitter widget to Canvas Page.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Horse Bio-mechanics & Horse/Rider Balance
Triathletes are able to push their bodies to extreme limits through proper conditioning and efficient body mechanics
Bio-mechanics has become a big buzz word in the horse world. Bio-mechanics entails looking at the natural structure of the body in order to better understand how it should ideally function. Humans have been using this research for many years to help athletes in every sport, but riders and horse trainers are only beginning to tap into the current research.
Dr. Scofield's work has to do with bio-mechanics and horse balance. He took the simple and classical Form-Function Principle and made it a tangible tool for horse-trainers, riders, judges and, most importantly, horses. He has used this tool in helping horse professionals to understand, why horse balance is so important. I had the pleasure of spending several months studying with Dr. Scofield.
Gavin Scofield D.O. is a registered Osteopath who graduated from the European School of Osteopathy and has run a full time international equine practice for 19 years. He sees over one hundred horses each week, making it one of the busiest practices of its type in the World. For the last 6 years Gavin has been the official Osteopath for the British Endurance team.
Dr Scofield describes the concept of "Point of Balance" below. That is followed by "practical implications" for the horse/rider, which is the thrust of my work as a professional horse trainer.
The Point of Balance as an Axis Point in the Body
The horseâ€™s body organizes around a "Point of Balance" (often this axis point is referred to as the center of gravity). It is important to note that the center of gravity refers to the center of a static mass (stationary body) and does not take into account the dynamic weight shifts and changes in force that affect the Point of Balance. For a body (horse) in motion the Point of Balance is a moving point
Center Of Gravity Of Stationary Horse. This shifts as a result of movement of head and neck and affects of the rider
Ideally, the body adapts, adjusts and organizes around a steady, still and equalized Point of Balance with an appropriate amount of weight distributed through the correct structures in the body during all phases of movement. An unstable or dislocated Point of Balance in the center will reverberate into the outer extremities with unbalanced weight distribution and therefore an unbalanced posture. Sustaining an optimal Point of Balance is the challenge of (horse) training and what needs to be addressed as a priority. Freedom of movement, efficiency and athletic strength can occur only when movement and function are appropriate to the structure and form.
Implications for horse/rider: This "Point of Balance" can move as the horse moves (with or without the rider) and moreso in horse/rider combination. It becomes the rider's responsibility to make the small adjustments necessary to keep both horse and rider organized around a steady, stable Point of Balance.
Tail shows struggle with balance. The rider is responsible for making the small adjustments that encourage horse to find balance during motion
The short-term and long-term benefit of this approach is helping the horse to efficiently utilize its frame and muscles, given the extra weight of the rider, and promotes healthy long-term physical development of the horse overall. Long-term loading of a horse improperly (imbalance)Â by the rider can cause a myriad of issues starting with soreness, joint issues and even lameness. The thrust of my work as a professional horse trainer is in helping riders to become not only knowledgeable about this concept, but helping them to understand how to effect and respond to the these changes in balance, while riding their horses. My work especially with rescue-horses, has shown how effective it can be in helping the horse overcome long-standing physical and emotional issues, caused by long-term imbalances.
Planes of Balance in the Horseâ€™s Body
These invisible planes and the Point of Balance are observable through the functional relationship of the skeleton and muscles or by observing the weight distribution through the legs. The ideal function of each body will vary according to its natural structure or form. The horseâ€™s structure tells us that the skeleton and muscles of the hindquarter have the greatest weight bearing capacity. For a horse to balance, a greater proportion of body weight should be equally distributed between the two hind legs compared to a lower amount of body weight equally distributed between the two front legs. The Point of Balance for a horse in motion ideally would stabilize in the center of the barrel, between the legs â€" a much different location from the static center of gravity which is the center of mass located closer to the horseâ€™s shoulders.
Implications for horse/rider:
The important point here is how the "Point of Balance" should "ideally" shift from point-1 to point-2 for a horse in motion (shown in Figure-1), allowing the horse to carry more weight on its hindquarters, off-setting the weight and mass of the neck and head by balancing more on the rear legs.
Weight and position of rider changes horse center of gravity
The rider can help the horse effect this "shift" first through straightness (left/right plane), then increasing impulsion (front/back plane) and engagement (up/down plane) of its hindquarters, allowing the horse to utilize itself biomechanically in a more efficient and more effective way; this as opposed to a "crooked" and/or "front-loaded" horse which in the long-run will likely suffer physically and psychologically by not being able to Â use its body in the most efficient way.
3 Responses to "Horse Bio-mechanics & Horse/Rider Balance"
 1. freesoft says:
 Thank you..really informative!!
 2. Felipe says:
 The quick answer is if you can teach soeomne to be a good rider, a true rider, equitation will follow naturally. My long-winded answer is this: : )Equitation in its truest form is really proper riding. You are correct that for many in today's showring it is just sitting there looking pretty. The top riders, however, are able to really ride while looking pretty at the same time.This comes from a basic understanding of the whys and hows. Why does a saddle seat rider carry their hands higher then a hunt rider? What is the effect on the horse when combined with the right bit for that horse and correct rein usage? How is this achieved?How does the riders seat really become a source of control over the horse, much more so then the hands/reins, when properly engaged?If you as an instructor understand the basics, the fundamentals of riding, in fact of horsemanship, you will find it much easier to communicate these ideals to your students.Position and posture in the saddle affect balance of both horse and rider, when a rider moves around the horse has to compensate in its actions to accomodate the rider. This can not only be distracting for the horse but can also throw the horse off balance.My biggest pet peeve and the one thing I really try to send home with my students is this: Every time your hand/arm moves you move the reins. Every time the reins move the bit is engaged/moved. The movement of the bit, whether intentional or accidental, is sending a message to the horse that it should be doing something differently then what it is currently doing. If the cue is not clear it confuses the horse, done enough times this will frustrate and maybe even upset the horse.I tell them to put their index finger crosswise in their mouth, resting against the corners of their lips. Then to push back on the finger, putting pressure on those corners. It is uncomfortable, even in this controlled situation. This gives them a tangible understanding of what it might be like for the horse when a metal bit is pressed against their bars or banging around in their mouth. This, combined with lots of work on balance, can really help to prevent a rider from being heavy handed, unsteady and popping the horse, or relying too much on the reins to stop a horse. I guess my point, however long-winded, is to teach not only how but why. Horsemanship is not the sloppy, arm flailing, butt bouncing way of the cowboys in the old movies, nor is it the sit still and look pretty way of too many young riders dreaming of top equitation ribbons. It is, however, somewhere in the middle. In thinking about it, many of the top, national level equitation riders of the last several years are still in the horse business, many as professionals now. This is because, I imagine, they learned how to be horsemen/women and became invested personally in the craft.
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Quote Of The Day
~H.H. Isenbart


IELTS Writing Task 2 Sample 45 - It is better for children to grow up in the countryside than in a big city
IELTS Writing Task 2/ IELTS Essay:
You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.
Do you agree or disagree?
Use specific reasons and examples to develop your essay.
You should write at least 250 words.
Model Answer 1:
Some people believe that it is better for children to grow up in the countryside than in a big city. However, other people think that a big city gives more opportunities and it is good for the long run. Personally, for several reasons I think that it is better for children to grow up in a city that offers numerous advantages.
From the other side, children have some advantages living in a big city. For example, they have more opportunities to choose from what they want to do. They can choose to attend ballet school, school of art, gymnastics, etc. For the long run, it is good for them. They will be better prepared for a life in a "real world" and they will have more chances to make a good career and succeed. Moreover, a big city usually has many entertaining centres with movie theatres and play stations. When I was a child I liked to go to the movie theatre with my parents to watch a premiere.
One more reason to choose a big city for a child is that a city provides better live conditions and services such as medical, dental, etc. My friend lived in the country for a while and one time he and his family had to drive a couple of hours to the nearest medical centre when his child got a heavy cough.
( Approximately 394 words)
Model Answer 2:
Bringing up young generation in a big city is not as good as the countryside. I partially disagree with this statement. In my view, cities are the best place to grow up children and to live. However, cities have some drawbacks which will be discussed in this essay.
Many people opt to live in large cities rather than the countryside because they prefer to live in the metropolitan area than remote areas. Such a good benefit is an employment. People, who are living in a city can easily get a job in different types of professions.
Another reason is the easy availability of transportation services, large complex network maps of buses and trains covering almost all surrounding suburbs of a city, which can save a lot of valuable time spent by travelling with the own vehicle, which is more convenient and economical when your children go to school. And you will know where they are.
However, the cost of living in a city is usually much higher than in the countryside. Inhabitants of cities have to pay higher prices for housing, transport, and even food. Moreover, the big cities have some social problems such as high crime and poverty rates in comparison with the countryside. Furthermore, the air quality in cities is often poor, due to pollution from traffic, and the streets and public transport systems are usually overcrowded. As a result, city life can be unhealthy and stressful to our children.
After analysing the essay, we can conclude that those points are the important factors when considering living either in the urban or rural area. Apart from those, entertainment facilities, well-developed infrastructure and living with latest trends are other reasons for living in cities.
[ by - Ice]
Model Answer 3:
Today children predominantly live in villages and in the countryside, but many others live in big cities. This can be seen in terms of their family, hobbies, interests, and undoubtedly, lifestyle. It is believed that rural children are more skilled than children who live in big cities. This will be proven by analysing of children's lifestyle in both countryside and big city in this essay.
Firstly, it is well-known fact that living in isolated villages can improve children's health, and therefore, their physical development. For instance, if children constantly do house-working and gardening, they will be healthy. This example clearly shows that working hard improves not only health but also diversifies lifestyle. From this, it can be concluded that living in villages accelerates physical developing and improves skills which they need in future life.
Secondly, there is no doubt to say that rural children can adapt and develop in big cities, which are saturated by a variety of places. For example, they can visit and feel a sense of ethnic places, restaurants, stadiums, despite adapting. It is obvious when looking at the example that rural children slowly adapt for boiling city lifestyle. Thus, it would be better to live near big cities.
After analysing the areas of both lifestyles, it can be concluded that rural children are healthier than children of big cities. As has been shown, skills of rural children based on house-working, albeit village is not an ideal place to develop life skills. It is predicted that children will live in villages in the future.
[ by - Mama]
Model Answer 4:
At the present time, people say that children should be grown in the countryside rather than in the big city. I totally disagree with this rubric, because in big cities the quality of education and medicine are better compared with rural areas and huge occupation choice makes the city more convenient place in nourish of the child.
Firstly, children should be educated by qualified teachers but the countryside can't create that kind of condition for education and a large number of their teachers didn't even end up the university education. Good education is the earnest of success in the future. But not only a bright future depends on the education of the children, it also depends on proper medical treatment and facilities of medicine.
Aforesaid medicine, one of the main necessary things in raising children. Without vaccination, young children might get ill or even die from fatal diseases. To prevent this, in cities almost every month child is gone through medicine check and necessary injections are done to him.
In addition to this, currently the development of big cities strongly differs from the development of rural areas and it's another reason to grow children in big cities. Better conditions for children in job selection, they can choose every career they want, for example, to be a pilot, they can realise their dream in the city, but in a lot of countrysides, the airports don't exist.
In conclusion, a countryside is not the best place to raise children and big cities either. But, in my view nourishment of children should take place in the city due to high education and medicine level and the big choice in job selection.
[ by - Akmal Sharipov]
Model Answer 5:
City life has improved significantly with the advancement of technology and it provides state of the art facilities and services to its residents. Some people argue that children are more receptive to new learning experiences that could only be practice in cities. Children can enjoy a high standard of education, modern libraries, parks and many others technological services while spending their lives in cities. However, others claim that countryside is environmentally friendly and provides great physical activities that are mandatory for children health. I strongly believe that life in the city has undeniable positive effects on children.
Education plays a pivotal role in children life. Educational institutions in cities are equipped with modern teaching methods and facilities and have more qualified and trained professionals that help students substantially to improve their knowledge and information about the subject. Furthermore, the internet and mobile phone has become an essential constituent of children daily life and are more prevalent in cities. New technological advancement also helps children to achieve better grades by researching on the internet and by other positive use of these technologies.
However, it is often seen that children in villages are healthier and less susceptible to illness. Some of the reasons are clean environment and absence of pollution in their area and vicinity. In addition to this, they are more interested in physical games and take parts in activities that demand hard work and strength thus help them to remain active and fit.
To sum up, I would like to say that children grown up in cities are more dynamic and intellectual due to finest facilities they had. This also helps them in achieving more success in long run.
[ by - Fahad Sultan]
:D :lol: :-) :roll:
If it is about health, then gymnasiums and other sports clubs are present in cities which prevent people from suffering from obesity and other health related problems.
How can I improve my writing skill?
I am confused about the last paragraph. Please help.
IELTS Mentor
Dear Nanci, you are correct and that was really confusing. We have corrected that and hopefully, no further confusion remains.
Model Answer 1 is a contradiction. In the introduction, it says that he/she thinks that growing up in the country is a better choice. However, in the conclusion, it says it is better if children grow up in a city. It is very very confusing.


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Abstract by Nancy Fulda
EVE: Emotive Adversarial Ensembles for Mixed Initiative Dialog
Machine learning researchers often represent dialog as a strict mapping from input text to output text, but psychological and cognitive science literature shows that humans consistently model each other during communicative processes. Building upon a dialogic view of conversation and working in conjunction with Amazon's Alexa Prize support team, we present EVE, a conversational AI architecture that treats communication as a cooperative effort between unique individuals. Rather than attempting to imitate a human, EVE embraces its identity as a synthetic being, actively seeking information to expand its world-view while still accessing live news streams, fact repositories, and other online APIs in response to user queries. By modeling the expectations of its conversation parter, EVE is able to respond to user utterances in meaningful ways. The completed system will compete against other university teams for a one million dollar grand prize.


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How To Make An Easy DIY Patriotic Banner
Add a little red, white, and blue to your home decor. This rustic banner project will look great on your mantle or anywhere you want to hang it!
- Burlap triangle flags
- Craft paint red and blue
- Sponge brush
- Felt white
- Stars printed from your computer
- Jute twine
- Hot glue and a glue gun
Paint the burlap triangles with a thick coat of red or blue paint. Allow them to dry overnight before continuing.
Make your stars. Print a star shape from your computer and cut it out of the paper. Use a marker to trace the shape repeatedly onto the felt. Cut the stars out of the felt. You will need one star for each burlap triangle.
Use hot glue to glue the triangles onto the jute twine and a star on each triangle. Make your banner as long or as short as you want.
Trim any extra jagged edges and hang up your patriotic banner to enjoy!


How Service in the California Legislature Ends
The most common way that a term in the Legislature ends is that that the term ends and the officeholder leaves office. But there are a handful of other options:
There have been about 255 resignations since 1849, most recently in January 2015.
83 California Legislators have died in office, most recently in 2010.
Contested Seat
A seat is "contested" when one candidate is sworn into office and another candidate makes a claim that they were the actual winner. This happened most frequently when it took a while to get to Sacramento and candidates had to leave before the final vote tally arrived. When the second candidate won in the final count, they would present the evidence of their victory to that house of the legislature and a committee would determine who had actually won. Seven legislators lost their seats by having their elections contested; the most recent was in 1981.
Seat Declared Vacant
For many years, California law said that officerholders were required to remain within their jurisdiction during their term of service. Leaving the state during the term of your office (which current legislators now do regularly) meant surrendering your right to hold that office. Although it happened several times in statewide offices, this only happened once in the Legislature. In 1853, Assemblyman Horace W. Carpentier left the state and his seat was declared vacant. Don't worry, it wasn't too big a political setback; he soon became Oakland's first mayor.
The Recall
The recall was introduced in California in 1911, since then four legislators have lost their seats in recall elections. Two immediately after the introduction of the recall (1913 and 1914) and twice in 1995.
Removal from Office
Removal from office has only happened once, in 1995, when Dick Mountjoy was reelected to the Assembly at the same time he was elected to the State Senate in a special election. A majority of the membership in the Assembly determined that the Senate election took precedence, and Mountjoy was removed from office as an Assemblyman. (Added 3/30: After reviewing official sources, it looks like Mountjoy was not removed from office, but was instead "disqualified" from assuming office in the 1995-96 Session). Always important to remember that unlike the State Senate, the Assembly does have a period every two years when there are zero members in office.
Expulsion occurs when a house of the Legislature determines that a member has so significantly violated the public trust that they are unfit to remain in office. There have only been five expulsions in state history, most recently in 1905 when four State Senators were found guilty of having accepted bribes. In 2014, Senators Knight, Anderson, and Vidak introduced SR 29, to expel Rod Wright from the State Senate. Coincidentally, if SR 29 had passed, Wright would have been the second Senator Wright to be expelled from the Senate (Eli Wright was one of the four expelled in 1905).
Speak Your Mind


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Upgrading of Symbolic and Synthetic Knowledge Bases: Analysis of the Architecture, Engineering and Construction industry and the Automotive Industry in China
The degree and the way of upgrading differ widely per industry. This article tries to give some new insights in these differences by linking the concept of upgrading to that of the knowledge base. Moreover, we try to identify barriers to upgrading as well as the appropriate spatial scale on which upgrading takes place, again for different knowledge bases. We support our argument by analysing the process of upgrading in two industries in China: the AEC industry (in Beijing and Shanghai) and the automotive industry (in Shanghai). Within these industries we focus on upgrading on two levels: within firms and within projects. Our findings for both industries suggest that the principal ways of upgrading of the symbolic knowledge base are joint brainstorming in internal and external project teams and labour mobility. Major factors that hinder the upgrading of symbolic knowledge include the development stage of China, the Chinese educational system and tensions about duplication of western designs. Upgrading of the synthetic knowledge base takes mainly place via inter-company training programmes of foreign firms, technology transfer and labour mobility on the long run. A possible barrier for upgrading of synthetic knowledge, especially in the automotive industry, is that foreign firms tend to keep certain engineering activities in their home base because of the risk of knowledge leakage. However, this is changing quickly as many foreign carmakers and their suppliers invest in engineering centres in China due to an increasing demand for cars, to governmental regulations and to intensifying competition.
|Date of creation:||2011|
|Contact details of provider:|| Postal: Cannaregio, S. Giobbe no 873 , 30121 Venezia|
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Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.:
- Li, Yong & Oberheitmann, Andreas, 2009. "Challenges of rapid economic growth in China: Reconciling sustainable energy use, environmental stewardship and social development," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 37(4), pages _PHONE_, April.
- Jerker Moodysson & Lars Coenen & BjÃ¸rn Asheim, 2008.
"Explaining Spatial Patterns of Innovation: Analytical and Synthetic Modes of Knowledge Creation in the Medicon Valley Life-Science Cluster,"
Environment and Planning A,
, vol. 40(5), pages _PHONE_, May.
- Jerker Moodysson & Lars Coenen & Bjørn Asheim, 2008. "Explaining spatial patterns of innovation: analytical and synthetic modes of knowledge creation in the Medicon Valley life-science cluster," Environment and Planning A, Pion Ltd, London, vol. 40(5), pages _PHONE_, May.
- Cristina Chaminade, 2011.
"Are Knowledge Bases Enough? A Comparative Study of the Geography of Knowledge Sources in China (Great Beijing) and India (Pune),"
European Planning Studies,
Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 19(7), pages _PHONE_, July.
- Chaminade, Cristina, 2010. "Are knowledge-bases enough? A comparative study of the geography of knowledge sources in China (Great Beijing) and India (Pune)," Papers in Innovation Studies 2010/13, Lund University, CIRCLE - Center for Innovation, Research and Competences in the Learning Economy.
- Michael Storper & Anthony J. Venables, 2004.
"Buzz: face-to-face contact and the urban economy,"
Journal of Economic Geography,
Oxford University Press, vol. 4(4), pages 351-370, August.
- Michael Storper & Anthony J. Venables, 2003. "Buzz: Face-to-Face Contact and the Urban Economy," CEP Discussion Papers dp0598, Centre for Economic Performance, LSE.
- Storper, Michael & Venables, Anthony J., 2003. "Buzz: face-to-face contact and the urban economy," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 20008, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
- Giuliani, Elisa & Pietrobelli, Carlo & Rabellotti, Roberta, 2005. "Upgrading in Global Value Chains: Lessons from Latin American Clusters," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 33(4), pages 549-573, April.
- Elisa Giuliani & Carlo Pietrobelli & Roberta Rabellotti, 2004. "Upgrading in global value chains: lessons from latin american clusters," Working Papers 72, SEMEQ Department - Faculty of Economics - University of Eastern Piedmont.
- Kaplinsky, Raphael & Messner, Dirk, 2008. "Introduction: The Impact of Asian Drivers on the Developing World," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 36(2), pages 197-209, February.
- Robert C. Kloosterman, 2008. "Walls and bridges: knowledge spillover between 'superdutch' architectural firms," Journal of Economic Geography, Oxford University Press, vol. 8(4), pages 545-563, July.
- Raphael Kaplinsky & Jeff Readman, 2005. "Globalization and upgrading: what can (and cannot) be learnt from international trade statistics in the wood furniture sector?," Industrial and Corporate Change, Oxford University Press, vol. 14(4), pages 679-703, August.
- Gereffi, Gary, 1999. "International trade and industrial upgrading in the apparel commodity chain," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 48(1), pages 37-70, June. Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)
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An assessment of the stray light in 25 years of Dobson total ozone data at Athens, Greece
Abstract. In this study, we investigated the susceptibility of the Dobson spectrophotometer No. 118 to stray light interference. In this regard, a series of total ozone content measurements were carried out in Athens, Greece for air-mass values (μ) extending up to μ = 5. The monochromatic-heterochromatic stray light derived by Basher's model was used in order to evaluate the specific instrumental parameters which determine if this instrument suffers from this problem or not. The results obtained indicate that the measurements made by the Dobson instrument of the Athens station for air mass values up to 2.5, underestimates the total ozone content by 3.5 DU in average, or about 1 % of the station's mean total ozone content (TOC). The comparison of the values of the same parameters measured 15 years ago with the present ones indicates the good maintenance of the Dobson spectrophotometer No. 118. This fact is of crucial importance because the variability of the daily total ozone observations collected by the Athens Dobson Station since 1989 has proved to be representative to the variability of the mean total ozone observed over the whole mid-latitude zone of the Northern Hemisphere. This stresses the point that the Athens total ozone station, being the unique Dobson station in south-eastern Europe, may be assumed as a ground truth station for the reliable conversion of the satellite radiance observations to total ozone measurements.


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- Lift up the coil overhead and examine the interior with a flashlight. Determine if it has a single mark per wrap or just a few marks and determine if the marks appear in a regular line on the inside of the coil. If you have random and frequent marks, this is a sign of marks caused by metal pickup. I will address this problem later.
- If you have marks that are more or less inline inside the coil, there should be a discernible cause for the marks on the block. If there are four equidistant marks than it is obvious that it is the slots that are causing the marks. If the edge of the slots are not rounded with an approximately 1/8" to 3/16" radius, rounding the edges might eliminate the problem. If the slots are rounded and there are still four equidistant marks than it is an over drafting situation which has only two solutions. Draw the wire in two passes or draw it on a larger block to diminish the effect of the overdraft.
- If you have one or two marks that are not in line with the slots than we have to look elsewhere. Draw a few wraps and carefully unwrap the coils to determine where and when the marks appear. If the marks do not appear keep drawing wraps until they do and try and find the source of the marks. Match up the marks as you unwrap the coils with any possible causes. Look for a raised edge on the face due to gripper or chain damage or a defective coating, a raised edge on a post, raised edge on a "come along hole" or gripper pocket, and possibly a sharp edge at the top of the block which should have been rounded with a belt sander same as the slots. If the marks are in the first wrap possibly the die box needs to be adjusted so the wire enters at the draw line and parallel to the floor (a level placed on the drawn wire can determine if an adjustment is necessary).
- In the case of metal pickup which is similar to welding splatter on the face of the block, the problem gets progressively worse. There can be a few different causes for metal pickup, but basically the drawn wire is being ripped apart and sticking to the face of the block. It then builds on itself, causing more wire to be ripped apart and adhere to the block. In order to solve this problem all pickup has to be removed from the block which is most efficiently done by grinding.
- Not enough lubricant. This usually occurs by trying to produce a plating quality wire by minimizing a dry soap as opposed to using grease.
- Taper needs to be adjusted because the wire is too tight.
- Splintery rod
- A sharp edge on the face of the block is shaving the wire, and then the wraps adhere to the block and start the metal pickup.


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The makeup of the federal workforce has been changing along with that of the American workforce as a whole over the last decade, although some differences between the two have remained fairly constant, according to data the government released Friday.
In comparison with the overall workforce, the federal workforce is slightly more male and slightly less white: The federal workforce is 43.6 percent female and 65.9 percent white, compared with 46 and 70 percent respectively in the overall workforce.
Among demographic groups, Hispanics remained the most under-represented in federal jobs as of fiscal 2011, which ended Sept. 30. Hispanics made up 8.1 percent of the federal workforce, compared with 13.6 percent in the overall workforce, a gap that has been consistent for years. In 2002, 6.9 percent of the federal workforce was Hispanic compared with 12.2 percent of the overall workforce, and in 2007 the figures were 7.8 percent and 13.3 percent, respectively.
Meanwhile, the percentages of blacks in the federal workforce and in the overall workforce have held roughly steady. Currently, African Americans make up 17.8 percent of the federal workforce, the same as in 2007 and up from 17.6 percent in 2002. The percentage in the overall workforce was 10.4 in 2002 and 10.1 in both 2007 and 2011.
The percentage of Asian/Pacific Islanders in the federal workforce rose from 4.5 to 5.3 to 5.6 percent in that time, while the percentage in the overall workforce rose from 4 to 4.3 to 4.4 percent.
Native Americans make up about 2 percent of the federal workforce, more than double their representation in the overall workforce, ratios that have changed little over a decade. Non-Hispanic multi-racial employees account for the rest, about 1 percent.
The numbers changed relatively little from 2010 to 2011, with the percentage of men rising — and the percentage of women dropping — by 0.3 percentage points. The white percentage also dropped by 0.3 percentage points, while there were 0.1 percentage point increases among blacks, Hispanics and non-Hispanic multi-racial employees.
The report notes that the government has several initiatives under way, including a government-wide program to promote diversity and inclusiveness, a council to promote hiring, retention and advancement of Hispanics, and programs that seek to boost the hiring of the disabled and veterans. Programs for recruiting students and recent graduates also were overhauled recently.


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But ol' man river,
He jes' keeps rollin' along!
Is water male or female – and does it really matter? Unlike languages such as French, Spanish and German, English does not allocate gender to words. Although some things, ships and countries for example, often have feminine associations, there are no grammatical rules to make something either male or female.
Cognitive research has suggested that language and the way people use it has a profound influence on how we see the world. Water, for example, is often more associated with concepts of femininity – the river Ganges (Ganga) is well-known as a feminine sacred symbol of Indian culture in addition to being a central source of survival – but in the famed Hammerstein and Kern song, Ol' Man River, the river Mississippi is portrayed as a man.
The feminine Ganges symbolises faith, hope, culture and sanity – and, since the beginning of time, "she" has been as a source of livelihood for millions of people. By contrast, the endless, uncaring flow of the "old man" Mississippi is seen as a metaphor for the struggles and hardships of the men forced to work on it.
The allocation of a specific gender to an object or feature of our landscape might not be a result of conceptual categorisation and this is supported by an examination of noun classes and "gender shifts" across different grammatical systems. Is a French car (female) different in any way to a Spanish (male) car or is it just a question of grammar without connotation or semantics?
Read more: The Conversation


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With the increasing improvement of horizontal directional crossing technology and the increasingly strict requirements of the state on environmental protection policies, the horizontal directional crossing solid control system also has higher requirements. Horizontal directional crossing of solid control equipment is mainly reflected in the obstacles such as oil and gas pipelines crossing rivers, lakes, transportation trunks, and railway junctions. There are also a variety of separation techniques for the principle and technical method of horizontally directional crossing solid control to control the solid particles in the mud.
Environmental protection is a sensitive topic for us for a long time. Because the horizontal directional drilling mud contains many harmful substances and is of high value, the recovery of mud in the horizontal directional crossing system is the primary requirement of the owner for the construction. Construction units of horizontal directional crossing have purchased mud solid phase control equipment one after another to separate the waste solid phase and reuse it, turning waste into treasure, and have achieved considerable economic benefits. At the same time, it has also promoted the development of domestic horizontal directional through mud solid control system.
Horizontal directional crossing has not been developed in China or even the world for a long time. It does not have its own perfect system in drilling and mud. At present, it is largely absorbed and applied after the improvement of the oilfield process system. At the domestic level, the solid-phase separation method of directional through mud is somewhat similar to that of oil fields. There are mainly three methods of dilution, sedimentation and mechanical removal. GN Solids Control analyzes the difference between horizontal directional crossing mud and petroleum drilling mud, conducts detailed analysis and conducts a lot of field research and experiments. The successful R & D is in addition to the horizontal directional crossing solid control system specially designed for horizontal directional through mud. The main equipment includes shale shaker, centrifuge, and supporting pump system
At present, the horizontal directional through mud solid control and recovery system used in China is divided into domestic and imported, and the imports are mainly small, and they are matched with the rig when imported. The domestic ones are mainly large-scale and are prepared according to user needs.
According to different construction environments, the types and sizes of particles that need to be removed or suppressed, and the quality requirements of muds that need to be maintained are different. GN Solids Control can configure a reasonable and reliable solid control system for customers according to the actual working environment needs and combined with the company's previous successful cases.
If you have related requirements, please feel free to contact GN Solids Control.


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What Is The Strange White Stuff Washing Up On Our Beaches
What is the strange white stuff washing up on our beaches. Beachgoers in Pinellas County were left puzzled as piles of white material started appearing on the shores recently. With the busy Residents became concerned about potential harm to wildlife, fearing it could be plastic or some other harmful substance. However, Pinellas County environmental officials have determined that the material is harmless.
To investigate further, researchers from the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission took a closer look at the white material. Their findings revealed that it was actually sea grass, specifically Syringodium filiforme, also known as manatee grass or sea grass. The sea grass had been bleached by the sun, causing its white appearance.
Seagrasses like Syringodium filiforme play a crucial role in the coastal ecosystem. They provide essential habitats and serve as a food source for various wildlife, including manatees. Additionally, they contribute to keeping the waters of Tampa Bay clear.
As part of their natural life cycle, seagrasses shed "vegetation fragments," as noted in a study shared by Pinellas County Environmental News. These fragments can end up in different places, such as the ocean floor, floating out to sea, or washed up on the beach.
While the appearance of the white material may have initially raised concerns, it is important to understand that it poses no threat to the environment or wildlife. The presence of sea grass on the beach is a natural occurrence and a reminder of the delicate balance and diversity of our coastal ecosystems.
So, the next time you come across these mysterious white piles on Pinellas County beaches, rest assured that it's just another fascinating aspect of nature's cycle and a sign of the thriving coastal environment. News Channel 8


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This paper summarizes the main points of a theoretical study of the general watershed behaviour, on the basis of the known deterministic physics-based approaches for overland flow, underground flow and unsaturated medium phýsics. A parameter z(θ) which describes the soil water movement in the unsaturated zone and accounts for evaporation is introduced. Thus, a differential equation which allows a state-space formulation of the processes in the watershed is obtained, and the solution of the state equation can be given the form of the Volterra Integral series. The obtained results are compared with those of previous studies.
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A. Afouda; A Unified Approach to Watershed Modelling. Hydrology Research 1 June 1978; 9 (3-4): 161–172. doi: _URL_
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Dove Medical Press has adopted the CRediT taxonomy and authors are now required to complete the CRediT taxonomy when providing author contributions for all submissions.
What is the CRediT taxonomy?
CRediT is a high-level taxonomy, which includes 14 roles, that can be used to represent the roles typically performed by contributors to scientific scholarly articles. The roles describe each contributor's specific contribution to the scholarly output.
What are the benefits of using the CRediT taxonomy?
Adoption of the CRediT taxonomy is intended to improve accessibility and visibility of the range of contributions to published research outputs. Some of the benefits include:
- Helping to reduce the potential for author disputes
- Supporting adherence to authorship/contributorship processes and policies
- Enabling visibility and recognition of the different contributions of researchers, particularly in multi-authored works – across all aspects of the research being reported (including data curation, statistical analysis, etc.)
- Support identification of peer reviewers and specific expertise
- Improving the ability to track the outputs and contributions of individual research specialists and grant recipients
- Further developments in data management and nano-publication
- Enable new indicators of research value, use and re-use, credit and attribution
Importantly, the CRediT taxonomy is not intended to determine who qualifies as an author. Each author of an article may have one or more CRediT contribution roles but having a role described by the taxonomy does not automatically qualify someone as an author. Authorship is still determined according to our authorship guidelines which are based on the ICMJE requirements.
The 14 roles included in the CRediT taxonomy are:
- Conceptualization – Ideas; formulation or evolution of overarching research goals and aims.
- Data curation – Management activities to annotate (produce metadata), scrub data and maintain research data (including software code, where it is necessary for interpreting the data itself) for initial use and later re-use.
- Formal analysis – Application of statistical, mathematical, computational, or other formal techniques to analyse or synthesize study data.
- Funding acquisition – Acquisition of the financial support for the project leading to this publication.
- Investigation – Conducting a research and investigation process, specifically performing the experiments, or data/evidence collection.
- Methodology – Development or design of methodology; creation of models.
- Project administration – Management and coordination responsibility for the research activity planning and execution.
- Resources – Provision of study materials, reagents, materials, patients, laboratory samples, animals, instrumentation, computing resources, or other analysis tools.
- Software – Programming, software development; designing computer programs; implementation of the computer code and supporting algorithms; testing of existing code components.
- Supervision – Oversight and leadership responsibility for the research activity planning and execution, including mentorship external to the core team.
- Validation – Verification, whether as a part of the activity or separate, of the overall replication/reproducibility of results/experiments and other research outputs.
- Visualization – Preparation, creation and/or presentation of the published work, specifically visualization/data presentation.
- Writing – original draft – Preparation, creation and/or presentation of the published work, specifically writing the initial draft (including substantive translation).
- Writing – review and editing – Preparation, creation and/or presentation of the published work by those from the original research group, specifically critical review, commentary or revision – including preor post-publication stages.
More information about the CRediT taxonomy can be found at _URL_
Please note: This page was adapted from the Casrai CRediT homepage and Atkins H. Author Credit: PLOS and CRediT Update. 2016. Assessment, In the News, Publishing, Science communication _URL_
Updated 28 November 2018


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Mengoli's Series is presented visually.
A wide-ranging discussion of the question in the title of the paper is presented.
The probability of losing in exactly \(n\) steps of the gambler's ruin game is investigated.
The authors exhibit two differentiable functions for which the integration by parts formula does not apply.
The author analyzes the motion of a hollow ball with a viscous fluid center as it slowly rolls down a slightly inclined plane.
Three new proofs of the fact that the point \(A\) on the circular arc \(BC\) for which \(AB + AC\) is maximum is the midpoint of the arc are presented.


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Why test your phosphate levels? Well, phosphate can enter your aquarium through tap water, fish waste and decaying organics such as uneaten food or dead algae. As phosphate increases so does your chance of having unsightly algae and green water blooms. In salt water, phosphate can also inhabit the growth of corals and other reef building organisms.
Aquarium Pharmaceuticals Phosphate Test Kit allows you to easily and accurately measure the phosphate level and maintain a healthy aquarium or pond. It does 150 tests.
Kit contains: two dropper bottles for accurate dispensing of test solutions, easy to read instructions and color charts, one non-staining glass test tube with snap-tight cap.
Range is as follows for freshwater and saltwater: 0.0 PPM, 0.5 PPM, 1.0 PPM, 2.0 PPM, 5.0 PPM, 10.0 PPM.


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The bean duel with two players uses the same rules as the variant for three players with the following changes:
- Remove the Garden Beans and the Cocoa Beans from the game.
- A player may only sell beans from his bean fields on his turn.
- The game ends when the draw deck is exhausted for the first time.
- On a player's turn, he does the following in the order indicated:
1. Plant or discard offered bean cards
The player may plant or discard the bean cards his opponent left as an offer in step 3 of his turn. This is omitted by the starting player on his first turn.
2. Plant bean cards & discard
After planting one or two cards in his bean fields (as in the normal game), the player may discard one card from anywhere in his hand face up on the discard pile.
3. Draw, plant, and offer beans
The active player draws the three topmost cards from the draw deck and puts them face up on the table so both players can see them. If the topmost card on the discard pile matches any of the cards just drawn, the player adds it to them.
He does the same with the new topmost card from the discard pile until the topmost card on the discard pile does not match any of the drawn cards.
Now the player may plant any of these drawn (from the draw deck or discard pile) cards he wants, selling such beans as he can and wants in the process. He leaves any drawn cards he does not want as an offer to his opponent.
He need not plant any of the drawn cards. The players can earn more gold coins through this extended draw.
4. Draw new bean cards
The active player draws two cards from the draw deck. He draws them one at a time, placing each in turn at the back of his hand.


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The current-in-plane tunneling technique (CIPT) has been a crucial tool in the development of magnetic tunnel junction stacks suitable for magnetic random access memories (MRAM) for more than a decade. The MRAM development has now reached the maturity to make the transition from the R&D phase to the pilot production phase. This will require an improvement in the repeatability of the CIPT metrology technique. Here, we present an analytical model that can be used to simulate numerically the repeatability of a CIPT measurement for an arbitrary MTJ stack prior to any CIPT measurement. The model describes mathematically the main sources of error arising when a micro multi-electrode probe is used to perform a CIPT measurement. The numerically simulated repeatability values obtained on four different MTJ stacks are verified by experimental data and the model is used to optimize the choice of electrodes on a multi-electrode probe to reach up to 36% improvement on the repeatability for the resistance area product and the tunneling magnetoresistance measurement, without any hardware modification.
- Magnetic tunneling junction
- Electrode position error


Skip to definition.
Noun: wastefulness weyst-ful-nus
 1. The trait of wasting resources
 "the wastefulness of missed opportunities";
 - thriftlessness, waste
 2. Useless or profitless activity; using or expending or consuming thoughtlessly or carelessly
 - waste, dissipation
Type of: activity, improvidence, shortsightedness
Encyclopedia: Wastefulness


text:
The today will mandate a -recommended fix to install new elevator components on all aircraft that addresses a problem linked to at least two instances of inflight elevator vibrations.
The airworthiness directive (AD 2013-06-05), based on a Boeing service bulletin issued in April 2012, gives operators 60 months to replace left and right elevator tab control mechanisms with pieces with modified attach lugs, or modifying the lug assemblies alone.
Boeing says that two operators reported lug failures, which caused "unwanted elevator freeplay." The manufacturer traced the problem to lug bearings "likely installed such that they may become loose and migrate." The redesigned lug mitigates the problem, Boeing says.
The directive affects 1,096 U.S.-registered 737s, the FAA says in the AD. Compliance costs could be $62,400 per aircraft if the entire elevator mechanism is swapped out or $13,500 if operators just modify the lug assemblies, the FAA estimates.
It is not clear how many operators have complied with Boeing's April bulletin, or how many will opt for the less expensive modifications.
The directive supersedes a previous order from September 2010 that required repetitive inspections of the old-design lugs. The new directive terminates the need for repetitive checks.


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Towards a technological university: A design approach to knowledge creation
MetadataShow full item record
Irish economic strategies, in line with broader global strategies, aim to promote innovation and knowledge creation. The past notion that knowledge was a learned entity which stopped and was repeated as needed no longer fits. It is considered that in order to develop innovative fluid thinking and new knowledge creation, the focus shifts from the actual knowledge to the competencies and skills that the practice and application of the knowledge brings. In direct response to this, the Irish Higher Education system is witnessing a period of transition. As part of this transition, some of the Institutes of Technology (IOTs) will merge to become Technological Universities (TUs). The TU focus will extend beyond teaching and learning towards innovation and knowledge creation. The Irish design education sector is innovation focussed and is based on a tradition of practice oriented learning. This thesis aims to position the role of practice oriented learning in the context of innovation and knowledge creation within Irish design education. The approach may now be of value as a process in knowledge creation in other disciplines, as they transition to the emergent Irish TU model. In order to achieve this the overall research area was refined and broken down into the following research questions: 1. What is the strategy behind the focus on knowledge creation and innovation within the transitioning higher education system? 2. How is knowledge created within design education? 3. What role does practice oriented learning play in achieving knowledge creation? 4. How can the value of practice oriented learning benefit an emerging TU culture? Design research is based upon the ability to identify and implement the most appropriate approach to data collection and the analysis of collected material. The 'research through design' approach was the selected methodology for the project. Research through design presumes an interpretative understanding of the material or data being collected. It works when there is an openness and readiness to engage in new or surprising situations in the course of research. This methodology has a focus on synthesising information to form creative insights. The approach was selected as it does not pursue verification or falsification, but rather an interactive interpretative dialogue with the design situation (Frayling, 1993). This is appropriate when the research seeks to uncover strategy as opposed to gathering facts or data, we seek instead to make meaning of the data. One approach to synthesising information involves deep interaction with the data through visual mapping. This approach was selected on the basis that visual mapping would provide a means to deal with the complexity of considering three key areas of research namely; policy, industry and education. The visual mapping enables us to see how and when policy, industry and education interact to arrive at today's strategy for the emerging TU's. This involves decision making throughout the project based on analysis and findings to provide direction. Whilst this method provides a clear rationale for the project direction there is still an amount of subjective interpretation. In order to provide further rigour to this method, a pragmatic approach was taken to test findings through field research using interviews, observations and workshops. In addition to this, peer review and publications were carried out throughout the project. The peer reviews acted as a test bed for the latest thinking in this research area from an international context. The findings to date indicate the strategy behind the transitioning Irish Higher education system is to promote knowledge creation as opposed to the traditional knowledge consumption. This is being driven by economic demands in response to the global shift from production based economy to knowledge based economy. The economic demands are both national and International and strive for innovation through knowledge creation. The thesis defines knowledge creation within design education as a specific process of tacit and explicit knowledge exchanges that occur within a shared space or context. Tacit knowledge is explored as informal knowledge based on experiences, insights and intuition. The findings show that tacit knowledge is produced through practice oriented learning approach used in Irish design education. This approach, used by design may be of value to other disciplines as existing structures transition towards the emerging model of TU with the aim of promoting knowledge creation.
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American Voices full program information
The American Voices (AV) project, a pilot program developed by the NYC Department of Education (NYCDOE) and funded by American Express, provides dynamic instructional units of study and resources that stimulate and support student learning about the social and cultural history of 20th-Century America through the lens of theater.
The AV Program goals are to:
- Create and disseminate six rigorous units of study addressing the NY State Standards for Social Studies as well as the NYCDOE Theater Blueprint. AV units illuminate six historical decades (1920s-60s) in conjunction with great American plays to be understood as artifacts of America's cultural heritage.
- Provide NYC middle and high school students with opportunities to learn about the social and cultural context of American history as well as the historical implications of great American plays. Encourage students to think globally about historical concepts by showing them how art can reflect life and vice-versa.
- Provide teachers at same school with professional development and opportunity to team-teach so they may appreciate their subject matter in a larger context. American Voices facilitators visit and observe teachers utilizing AV materials, providing constructive feedback.
- Encourage teachers to become active teachers and thus engage students as active learners, utilizing theatrical techniques such as role playing, playwriting, songwriting, design, etc. to communicate understanding.
- Supply schools with American Voices Kits containing resources for historical context and to teach the plays. Kits include DVDs and full scripts of select plays, CDs of period contemporary music and musicals as well as samples of historical source materials.
These are the corresponding lesson plans and assessments as well as the full program introduction and evaluations.


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India's onion exports have surged in recent months amid a global shortage of the vegetable. According to data from the Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority (APEDA), onion exports from India have increased by more than 60% in the last year.
The increase in exports can be attributed to a combination of factors, including a bumper onion crop in India, strong demand from global markets, and disruptions in onion supplies from other major producing countries.
India is one of the largest onion-producing countries in the world, with an estimated annual production of around 20 million tonnes. The country has a competitive advantage in onion production due to its favorable climate and fertile soil.
The increase in onion exports is good news for Indian farmers and exporters, who have been struggling with low prices and oversupply in the domestic market. The surge in exports has helped to stabilize onion prices in India and improve the profitability of onion farmers.
Indian onion exports are primarily targeted at the Middle East, Southeast Asia, and Europe. Saudi Arabia, Bangladesh, and the United Arab Emirates are the largest importers of Indian onions, accounting for more than half of India's onion exports.
However, the surge in exports has also led to concerns about domestic onion availability and prices. The Indian government has taken steps to address these concerns by imposing export restrictions on onions in the past. The government has also announced plans to establish a buffer stock of onions to ensure domestic supply and stabilize prices.
In conclusion, the surge in Indian onion exports is a positive development for the country's agriculture sector and economy. However, it is important for the government to balance export demand with domestic supply and take measures to prevent volatility in onion prices.


Fundamental Limits of Budget-Fidelity Trade-off in Label Crowdsourcing
Part of Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 29 (NIPS 2016)
Bibtex Metadata Paper Reviews Supplemental
Authors
Farshad Lahouti, Babak Hassibi
Abstract
Digital crowdsourcing (CS) is a modern approach to perform certain large projects using small contributions of a large crowd. In CS, a taskmaster typically breaks down the project into small batches of tasks and assigns them to so-called workers with imperfect skill levels. The crowdsourcer then collects and analyzes the results for inference and serving the purpose of the project. In this work, the CS problem, as a human-in-the-loop computation problem, is modeled and analyzed in an information theoretic rate-distortion framework. The purpose is to identify the ultimate fidelity that one can achieve by any form of query from the crowd and any decoding (inference) algorithm with a given budget. The results are established by a joint source channel (de)coding scheme, which represent the query scheme and inference, over parallel noisy channels, which model workers with imperfect skill levels. We also present and analyze a query scheme dubbed k-ary incidence coding and study optimized query pricing in this setting.


educative.io
Integration testing VS E2E
Hi, I have a question regarding this assertion.
Usually, integration tests involve running a browser and automatically performing actions in it. For example:
 1. Open the app
 2. Fill in credentials
 3. Press the LOGIN button
 4. Check that the profile page opens.
From my point of view this example doesn't show the idea of Integration Testing. It is more likely E2E test but not the Integration test.
Integration Testing involves testing several different components and has more sophisticated logic than just logging into the system as you showed. So can we deep dive into this topic and discuss what the difference between E2E and Integration test?
For example, is this example of the Integration test or just e2e?
login to the system → add product to the basket → edit personal info → create order
Course: _URL_
Lesson: _URL_
Hi @Anna_Velychko !!
Your observation is correct, and it's important to understand the distinction between integration testing and end-to-end (E2E) testing.
Integration Testing:
 - Integration testing focuses on testing the interactions and interfaces between different components or modules of a system.
 - It verifies that the integrated components work together as expected and communicate correctly.
 - Integration tests typically involve testing multiple components together but in isolation from the rest of the system.
 - The purpose is to ensure that the integrated parts of the system function correctly when combined.
End-to-End (E2E) Testing:
 - End-to-end testing involves testing the entire application from start to finish, simulating real user scenarios.
 - It tests the application's workflow across multiple components, including the user interface, backend services, and external dependencies.
 - E2E tests typically mimic real user interactions and workflows, such as logging in, navigating through pages, interacting with forms, etc.
 - The purpose is to ensure that the application behaves correctly from the user's perspective, capturing how different components interact to fulfill user requirements.
Now, let's analyze the example you provided:
 - Login to the system
 - Add product to the basket
 - Edit personal info
 - Create order
This example involves testing the entire workflow of a user interacting with the system, covering multiple components and user interactions. Therefore, it aligns more closely with end-to-end testing rather than integration testing.
Integration testing, on the other hand, would focus on testing individual components in conjunction with each other to verify their interactions and interfaces. For example, testing how the login component interacts with the user authentication service, or how the product catalog interacts with the shopping cart service.
In summary, the provided example of testing the entire user workflow, including logging in, adding products to the basket, editing personal info, and creating an order, would typically be categorized as end-to-end testing (E2E) rather than integration testing. Integration testing would involve testing the interactions between specific components or modules in the system, typically in isolation from the rest of the system.
I hope it helps. Happy Learning :blush:
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Good explanation, thank you!
In addition to the discussion above, I want to clarify one quick question. Do I understand correctly that we do integration testing as a QA specialist only with code on dev side? I mean do we use code from the dev's framework to perform integration testing?
For E2E testing we create separate TAF (test automation framework) and write test code for testing user interaction. So, what approach is used for integration testing?
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@Anna_Velychko Yes, you're correct in your understanding.
Integration testing often involves collaborating closely with developers, as it focuses on testing the interactions between different components or modules of the system. Here's how integration testing typically works:
 1. Using Developer's Code: Integration testing often utilizes code from the developer's framework. QA specialists work with developers to access the necessary components/modules and test their interactions. This may involve setting up test environments where the integrated components can be tested together.
 2. Collaboration with Developers: QA specialists may collaborate closely with developers to understand the codebase, identify integration points, and develop test cases that verify the interactions between components.
 3. Testing in Isolation or Stubs: Integration testing can involve testing components/modules in isolation or with the help of stubs/mock objects to simulate the behavior of dependent components that are not yet developed or available.
 4. Automated Testing: Like end-to-end testing, integration testing can also involve automation. Automated integration tests can be written using frameworks like JUnit, NUnit, or others, depending on the technology stack being used.
 5. Continuous Integration/Continuous Deployment (CI/CD): Integration tests are often integrated into the CI/CD pipeline to ensure that changes made by developers do not break the interactions between components.
So, while end-to-end testing focuses on testing the entire application workflow from a user's perspective, integration testing delves deeper into the interactions between various components of the system. It often involves a collaborative effort between QA specialists and developers, utilizing code from the developer's framework and sometimes automated testing tools/frameworks.
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Managed Object Model
Managed Object Model can be defined as the set of objects that are used to form a blueprint describing the managed object we use in our application. In other words, the Managed object model can be seen as a schema that the CoreData uses.
It is an instance of NSManagedObjectModel class. However, the Managed Object Model includes the application's entities, the properties, and the relationship between them. In the previous section of this tutorial, we have created entities and added values to them.
A managed object model allows Core Data to map from records in a persistent store to managed objects that we use in the application. The model is a collection of entity description objects (instances of NSEntityDescription).
An entity description describes an entity, the name of the class used to represent the entity in the application., and it's properties.
Creating an Entity
As we have discussed in the previous section of this tutorial, if we want to use CoreData in the XCode project, we need to check the Use CoreData checkbox.
This will create a.xcdatamodeled class. To create an entity, click Add Entity button in the xcdatamodeled class, as shown in the below image.
Defining an Entity
We can define the entity in the entity pane in the right of the XCode. Here, we must notice that the entity name and the class name are not the same. The entity structure in the data model may not match the class hierarchy. The entity pane is shown in the following image.
An entity is abstract if we do not create any instances of that entity. We make an entity abstract if we have a number of entities that all inherit from a common entity that should not itself be instantiated. For example, in the Student entity, we can define Person as an abstract entity and specify that only concrete subentities (Student) can be instantiated. By marking an entity as abstract in the Entity pane of the Data Model inspector, We are informing Core Data that it will never be instantiated directly.


Worldbulletin News
Worldbulletin News Worldbulletin News Portal
05:35, 29 July 2014 Tuesday
17:31, 11 June 2011 Saturday
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Social media\'s influence on 'hate crime\'
Social media\'s influence on 'hate crime\'
The Internet and social media networks are not under any sort of inspection against racist ideas, hate or abusive speech in the name of freedom of surfing the Web.
Whilst the rise of the Internet and social networking websites has, in many ways, presented many positives for society, particularly in terms of freedom of speech and communication, it has also created a platform on which abusive and threatening opinions can be more easily voiced, in particular against certain individuals or groups of people, which is often referred to as hate speech.
Despite hate speech being restricted to the act of verbal abuse, some experts are worried by its tendency to develop into something more serious, falling under the bracket of hate crime.
A hate crime is a criminal offense motivated by hostility or prejudice based on a victim's race, ethnic origin, religion or beliefs, sexual orientation or disability.
This kind of crime may include robberies, threats, harassment, intimidation or actual acts of physical violence such as physical assault, sexual assault, rape, torture, attempted murder or murder.
Hate crimes are unique as they have a social undertone in their aim. They are intent on sending a message to entire groups or individuals, as well as to their families and other supporters, that they are unwelcome in particular communities. What sets hate crimes apart from other acts of violence is the psychological damage that they leave behind.
Although any type of victimization carries with it psychological consequences, certain types of emotional reactions are more frequent among survivors of hate crimes. These feelings include depression, anxiety, fear, stress and anger.
The news that features on media outlets are getting onto social networking websites like Facebook, Twitter and YouTube, where hate speeches are added and uploaded.
Turkish-Armenian journalist Hrant Dink, who was fatally shot in front of the headquarters of the bilingual Armenian weekly Agos in 2007, was one of the biggest victims of hate crime in Turkey as he was killed only because of his "Armenian" identity.
Forty-eight Roma from 13 families were forced to leave Selendi in Manisa, where they had lived for many years, after clashes erupted between the district's Roma population and other locals. These two examples show how serious these hate crimes can be.
An organization named the Association for Social Change (ASC) is currently the only association that solely deals with every aspect of hate crime. Their slogan is "Hate Crimes Kill."
In an interview with Cihan new agency, ASC's secretary-general, Fikret Levent Şensever, stated that there are various organizations that are working against hate crimes, such as the International Hrant Dink Foundation.
Şensever said that hate speech on online community and social networking websites strongly influences hate crimes. "We have to differentiate hate crime and hate speech first.
Hate crimes are physical crimes against individuals or groups of people, based on many aspects, such as ethnic origin, religious belief and so on. Hate speech is normally only in the form of verbal attacks; however, they can sometimes lead to hate crimes, too."
Currently there is no legislation about hate crimes in the Turkish Constitution. Though there are some articles in the Turkish Penal Code (TCK), as they do not directly cover hate crime or hate speech, criminal cases on such issues are not solved as they are in European countries and criminals generally get away with what they have done.
Hate speech does not only declare one's hate or anger, but also sets a premise for hate crime. Şensever stated that the Turkish government should take immediate action in creating legislation on hate crime and inform and train judicators, attorneys, police officers and civil societies.
Şensever told Cihan news agency, the government in the United Kingdom trains media personnel on discrimination issues to prevent any sort of racism or hate crimes, and they also provide booklets and newsletters concerning hate crime.
Şensever said the ASC was founded on Feb. 26, 2009 by activists in order to carry out various campaigns on social, cultural and environmental issues, and to support such efforts through projects and campaigns. He also mentioned that there were not many organizations that are dealing with hate crime in Turkey.
"In Western countries, especially in the United States, the government produces reports on hate crime every year. However, this is not the case in our country. So far there have been no reports on hate crimes in Turkey, so we do not know which segments of society are victims of hate speech," he said.
Cihan news agency
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text:
Smart Solar Lighting PayGo System is a system that designed for users to pay for the prepayment or installment of this solar DC system.
There are two forms of payment system, which can be full payment and pre-existing payment.
Prepayment payment system is Increased user's purchasing power and enthusiasm for using the product.
1. DC input and DC output
2. 2.5W*5pcs LED light
3. 2 USB output port
4. Inbuilt Battery 7.2Ah/11.1v
5. Solar Panel :10W/18V
6. Display with system info
PayGo System Manuel
1. Often press the key, the display lights up for boot
2. Repeatedly press the black button on the right side of the first row on the panel of the enclosure to display a series of digital codes.
3.open the file in the PC SOFTWARE page (Figure 1), click Recharge, Figure 2 page
4. Enter the numeric password shown on the display into the first line of Figure 2, and then select the number of days in the second line. After clicking OK, a string of digits will appear on the third line.
5. Enter the numeric code appearing in the third line of Figure 2 into the chassis display and press the Enter key (the rightmost key in the last line of the black key)
6. connect the LED can be used normally
7. often press the switch button on the chassis to shut down


text:
It takes approximately two and a half 750 milliliter bottles to make a half gallon. To get the number of bottles needed to make half a gallon, the gallon has to be converted to milliliters, divided by 2 to get half of it and then divided by the number 750.
One gallon translates to 3,785.41178 milliliters. This means that 1,892.70589 milliliters make half a gallon. Dividing that value with 750 yields the number 2.523607853. Upon rounding the number to two decimals, the result is 2.52, which represents the number of 750 milliliter bottles that are needed to make half a gallon.