Scaling Content Moderation: Strategies for Growing Online Platforms
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Scaling Content Moderation: Strategies for Growing Online Platforms
Introduction to Content Moderation
Welcome to the digital age, where online platforms serve as bustling hubs of content, conversations, and connections. As these virtual communities expand and thrive, the need for effective content moderation becomes increasingly crucial. From filtering out spam to managing sensitive user interactions, maintaining a safe and engaging online environment is no easy feat. In this blog post, we delve into the world of scaling content moderation strategies for growing online platforms – exploring innovative solutions, common challenges, best practices, and real-life case studies that showcase the power of responsible and efficient content management. So buckle up as we navigate through the dynamic landscape of digital content moderation!
The Importance of Scalable Content Moderation
Content moderation plays a crucial role in maintaining the integrity and safety of online platforms. As these platforms continue to grow, the importance of scalable content moderation becomes increasingly evident. Without effective moderation strategies in place, online communities can quickly become breeding grounds for inappropriate content, spam, misinformation, and other harmful behavior.
Scalable content moderation allows platforms to adapt to increasing user activity and diverse types of content being shared. By implementing scalable solutions, platform owners can ensure that their users have a positive experience while engaging with the platform. This not only helps in retaining existing users but also attracts new ones who value a safe and well-moderated environment.
The ability to scale content moderation efforts is essential for keeping up with the ever-evolving landscape of online interactions. Platforms that prioritize scalable moderation practices demonstrate their commitment to creating a welcoming and trustworthy space for users from all walks of life.
Common Challenges in Scaling Content Moderation
Scaling content moderation poses several challenges for growing online platforms. One of the common hurdles is maintaining consistency in enforcing guidelines across a large volume of user-generated content. As platforms expand, ensuring that every piece of content aligns with community standards becomes increasingly complex.
Another challenge is the ability to adapt quickly to emerging trends and new forms of problematic content. With the ever-evolving nature of online interactions, staying ahead of inappropriate or harmful material requires continuous monitoring and adjustment.
Moreover, balancing automation with human oversight can be tricky. While AI tools can help streamline the process, they may not always catch nuanced violations that require human judgment. Finding the right mix between automated systems and human moderators is crucial for effective scaling.
Furthermore, overcoming issues related to false positives and negatives in moderation algorithms adds another layer of complexity. Striking a balance between minimizing errors without sacrificing efficiency remains a persistent challenge in scaling content moderation efforts on online platforms.
Strategies for Growing Online Platforms
Scaling online platforms requires strategic approaches to effectively manage content moderation as the user base expands. One key strategy is leveraging AI technology for automated content moderation. By implementing generative AI services, platforms can efficiently filter through large volumes of user-generated content in real-time.
Another effective approach is utilizing user reports and flagging systems to empower the community in identifying and reporting inappropriate content swiftly. This not only offloads some moderation tasks but also fosters a sense of responsibility among users to maintain a safe online environment.
Implementing clear community guidelines and rules is essential for setting expectations on acceptable behavior within the platform. By establishing transparent policies, platforms can proactively address potential issues before they escalate, promoting a positive user experience across the board.
Adopting these strategies can help online platforms navigate the challenges of scaling while maintaining high standards of content moderation and fostering a healthy digital ecosystem.
 1. Automating Content Moderation with AI
As online platforms continue to grow, the need for scalable content moderation solutions becomes increasingly crucial. One effective strategy is automating content moderation with AI technology. By leveraging artificial intelligence, platforms can efficiently sift through vast amounts of user-generated content in real-time.
AI algorithms can be trained to detect and flag potentially harmful or inappropriate content based on predefined criteria set by the platform. This automation process not only helps in speeding up moderation tasks but also ensures consistency in enforcing community guidelines.
Moreover, AI-powered tools can continuously learn and improve their moderation capabilities over time, adapting to new trends and evolving forms of problematic content. This proactive approach enables platforms to stay ahead of potential risks and maintain a safe online environment for users.
Integrating AI into content moderation strategies offers a scalable solution that enhances efficiency while upholding quality standards across growing online communities.
 1. Utilizing User Reports and Flagging Systems
User reports and flagging systems play a crucial role in scaling content moderation on online platforms. By empowering users to report inappropriate or harmful content, platforms can efficiently identify and address issues in real-time. This proactive approach not only helps maintain a safe environment but also fosters community trust and engagement.
Flagging systems allow users to easily notify moderators of any violations, ensuring swift action is taken. By leveraging the collective efforts of the user base, platforms can effectively moderate large volumes of content without overwhelming human moderators.
Encouraging users to actively participate in the moderation process promotes a sense of ownership and responsibility within the community. It creates a collaborative effort towards upholding platform guidelines and standards, ultimately contributing to a positive user experience for all.
Incorporating user feedback through reporting mechanisms enhances platform integrity while demonstrating a commitment to maintaining high-quality content standards. The synergy between automated tools and user-driven reports is key to successfully managing content at scale.
 1. Implementing Community Guidelines and Rules
When it comes to scaling content moderation on growing online platforms, implementing clear community guidelines and rules is essential. These guidelines serve as a roadmap for users, outlining expected behavior and what content is acceptable within the platform.
By clearly defining what constitutes inappropriate content or behavior, platforms can empower their users to self-regulate and report violations effectively. This not only helps in maintaining a positive user experience but also streamlines the moderation process by giving moderators a framework to work within.
Regularly updating and communicating these guidelines ensures that users are aware of any changes or additions, fostering a culture of transparency and accountability within the community. Additionally, providing examples and explanations can help clarify ambiguous rules, reducing confusion among users.
Implementing robust community guidelines and rules lays the foundation for effective content moderation that can adapt to the evolving needs of a growing platform.
Best Practices for Implementing Scalable Content Moderation
Implementing scalable content moderation requires a strategic approach to ensure the efficiency and effectiveness of the process. One best practice is to establish clear guidelines and rules that outline what is acceptable behavior on the platform. By setting transparent expectations, users are more likely to adhere to the standards set forth.
Another crucial practice is to continuously monitor and analyze data trends related to user behavior and content engagement. This allows platforms to identify potential issues early on and make informed decisions about moderation strategies in real-time.
Furthermore, leveraging a combination of automated tools such as AI algorithms for initial screening, coupled with human moderators for nuanced decision-making, can help strike a balance between speed and accuracy in content review processes.
Regularly updating moderation policies based on user feedback and industry best practices ensures that platforms stay ahead of evolving online trends while maintaining a safe and engaging environment for all users.
Case Studies of Successful Implementation
Case studies of successful implementation showcase real-world examples of how scalable content moderation strategies have made a significant impact on online platforms. One such case study involves a popular social media platform that effectively implemented AI-driven content moderation to filter out harmful and inappropriate content in real-time. This resulted in a safer and more user-friendly environment for their millions of users.
Another success story comes from an e-commerce website that utilized user reports and flagging systems to quickly identify and remove fraudulent listings. By empowering their community to flag suspicious activity, they were able to maintain trust among buyers and sellers, leading to increased customer satisfaction and loyalty.
Furthermore, a gaming forum successfully implemented strict community guidelines and rules to promote positive interactions among members. Through clear communication and enforcement of these guidelines, the platform saw a significant decrease in toxic behavior, fostering a welcoming environment for gamers of all backgrounds.
Conclusion: The Role of Responsible and Effective Content
In today's digital age, where online platforms are constantly evolving and growing, scalable content moderation plays a crucial role in maintaining a safe and engaging environment for users. By implementing strategies such as automating content moderation with AI, utilizing user reports and flagging systems effectively, and establishing clear community guidelines and rules, platforms can successfully navigate the challenges of scaling content moderation.
The key to sustainable growth lies in finding the right balance between automation and human intervention. While AI technologies provide efficiency and speed in handling large volumes of content, human moderators bring context, empathy, and nuanced understanding to the table. By combining the strengths of both approaches, platforms can ensure that their content moderation efforts are not only scalable but also responsible and effective.
Responsible and effective content moderation is essential for fostering trust among users, protecting brand reputation, and creating a positive user experience. As online platforms continue to expand in size and scope, prioritizing scalable content moderation strategies will be paramount in shaping a safe and inclusive digital space for all.

inbathiru
Objectways is a sourcing firm that concentrates on data labeling and machine learning to enhance business results. Our HQ is in Scottsdale,AZ and we have multiple offices mainly in the second tier towns in South India. Since 2018 Objectways has been committed to a course of steady, sustainable growth, while also believing that at some point in the future, Objectways will


text:
In the wake of Syrian unrest, Israel's residents are scrambling to get their government-distributed gas masks. A month before the festival of Purim, Israeli children are learning to don another costume.
In the wake of Israel's strike on Syrian chemical weapons convoys on Wednesday, January 30th, Israeli citizens in the north, closer to the Syrian border, went to get their gas masks.Officials from the Israel Postal Company said that over 4,000 masks had been given out Tuesday, up from 1,400 on the days before. The company also stated that in Jerusalem and Beersheba the numbers were especially high, up from less than 400 a day to over 1,000. That means almost three times the average number of citizens came to distribution centers across the country to receive their protective gear.
As of now, more than 4,700,000 protective gear kits have been distributed countrywide.
Children are especially vulnerable to toxins, and Israel has had to create special gas masks for children. The image in the post is the cover to the User Manual (הוראות שימוש or horeot shimush) for a gas mask for children aged 0 - 2, and illustrates how Israel has coped with dangerous neighbors. In a a few short weeks, though, children will dress up very differently when they celebrate the redemption of the Jewish people from the evil plans of Haman on Purim.
Purim, celebrated on February 23rd, is a holiday for children (read more about the festival here).. Israeli children dress up and go around giving gifts - Mishloach Manot - to friends, as well as going to the synagogue to hear the Megilla (the story of Esther).
Help Israeli children celebrate this festive holiday and give them something to smile about in this trying time. Click here and purchase a Purim Treat for Children. Israel Today staff will go to various locations in the Jerusalem area and around Israel to deliver your Purim Treat to help children celebrate this festive holiday.
The Purim Treat will contain:
- A Noise Maker for Purim
- Lollies and sweets
- A Surprise gift bag
- Colorful stickers
Be part of the spirit of Purim. Bring joy to the children of Israel.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


L_{WL}}
where DD is the displacement. For catamarans, 0.55Cp0.640.55 \leq C_p \leq 0.64, and in this example, we've chosen Cp=0.59C_p = 0.59. The prismatic coefficient for monohulls is usually in the range, 0.5Cp0.60.5 \leq C_p \leq 0.6. The prismatic coefficient is the ratio of the actual displacement to the displacement that would be generated if the maximum cross-section were extended to the length of the waterline. Lower values of CpC_p favor boats in light air while higher values are better for boats at or above hull speed (discussed below).
The waterplane coefficient is the ratio of the area of the boat at the waterline to the product of the waterline beam, BWLB_{WL}, times the waterline length, LWLL_{WL},
Cw=AwBWLLWL,C_w = \frac{A_w}{B_{WL}L_{WL}},
where AwA_w is the waterplane area. For catamarans, the waterline beam for the aft 2/3rd2/3^{rd} of the hull is almost equal to BWLB_{WL}, and the forward third narrows towards the bow. Looking at the sketch below I guessed that the waterplane area in the aft portion is about 90% of the rectangle and maybe 33% in the forward section. This gives
Cw=.9×23+.33×13=0.71.C_w = .9 \times \frac{2}{3} + .33 \times \frac{1}{3} = 0.71.
Lucky guess! This is exactly the value Terho Halme chose for the example. Values for CwC_w are typically between 0.69 and 0.72 for catamarans.
Waterplane coefficient
The final design parameter is the length to beam ratio, LBRCLBRC, which is the ratio of the overall length to the distance between hull centers or centerline beam,
LBRC=LHBCB.LBRC = \frac{L_H}{B_{CB}}.
Two hulls top view
A high value of LBRCLBRC means BCBB_{CB} is small relative to the length and will reduce transverse stability, possibly leading to capsize. Low values mean that the boat will be wider and heavier, but able to carry more sail area. For this example, set LBRC=2.2LBRC = 2.2.
Your SMath Studio worksheet should look something like this:
SMath Studio design parameters
I also included two constants, the number of hulls nHull=2n_{Hull} = 2 and the density of seawater, ρSW=1025kgm3\rho_{SW} = 1025 \frac{kg}{m^3}.
Derived Parameters
The remaining calculations are derived from these parameters and can be added to the worksheet somewhere below the design parameters. Many of them have been described already in terms of the design parameters.
When you add these equations to the worksheet include an equals sign "=" at the end to make SMath Studio immediately evaluate them.
SMath Studio derived parameters
Derived Parameters SMath Studio
The loaded displacement mLDCm_{LDC} is calculated from the volume enclosed by the waterline length and beam times the draft, then scaled by prismatic and midship coefficients and multiplied by the density of seawater. This is the mass of water displaced by the boat sitting in the water which must equal the mass of the boat. Empty and light displacements are also calculated as 70% and 80% of the loaded displacement, respectively.
Transversal and longitudinal stability are indicators of how well the boat can right itself. Stability is the length of the righting moment arm, so a unit of meters is correct.
Since the purpose was to show why keeping track of units is important, let's take a look at the last two calculations, engine power, and hull speed. Power should be in units of kilowatts and speed in knots, but instead, we get cubic meters and square root meters.
The first is easy to explain, and Halme says the engine power needed for a catamaran is about 4 KW / ton, which is the 4 in the equation. His equation for power is
Pm=4mLDC1025P_m = 4 \frac{m{LDC}}{1025}
and I assumed _PHONE_ was for the density of seawater with units of kgm3\frac{kg}{m^3}. Instead, _PHONE_ should be replaced with the conversion from kgkg to metric tons, 1000 kg=1 ton1000 \; kg = 1 \; \text{ton}. If we fix the equation we get
Pm=4kWtonmLDC kg1000kgton=4mLDC kW=28.5457 kW.P_m = 4\frac{kW}{\text{ton}} \frac{mLDC \; kg}{1000 \frac{kg}{\text{ton}}} = 4 \cdot mLDC \; kW = 28.5457 \; kW.
If you want to calculate sail areas, daggerboard, and rudder dimensions or estimate the speed under sail, see Basics of Boat Design or How to dimension a sailing catamaran? written by Terho Halme.
This still leaves the problem of the hull speed units.
Froude Numbers
William Froude worked with Isambard Brunel on other engineering projects and had a minor role in the design of the Great Eastern. He realized that naval architects of the time had a poor understanding of engine power requirements and thought that by studying scale models of several ships he could get a better estimate of power requirements.
He built a towing tank at his home in Torquay, a seaside town in Devon, England, where he was able to measure the power required to pull the one, two, and four meter long models down the 100-meter tank. He found the ratio of the inertial force to the gravitational force remained constant as the scale dimensions changed, now called the Froude number,
Fr=Inertial forceGravitational force.Fr = \frac{\text{Inertial force}}{\text{Gravitational force}}.
Force is mass times acceleration (Newton's Second Law of Motion). The units of force are in Newtons (NN), where 1 N=1kgms21 \; N = 1 \frac{kg-m}{s^2}. The gravitational force acting on a ship is the acceleration due to gravity, 9.8ms29.8 \frac{m}{s^2} times the mass of the ship in kgkg.
In fluid mechanics, the inertial force is often written as
ρL3Vt\rho L^3 \frac{V}{t}
where ρ\rho is the density of the fluid and LL is a characteristic length defining the scale of the system and used to generate dimensionless quantities such as the Froude number. In this case, the characteristic length is the length of the ship. Now, ρL3\rho L^3 is mass per unit volume times the volume of the characteristic length, kgm3×m3\frac{kg}{m^3}\times m^3, which becomes mass, and Vt\frac{V}{t} is velocity over time, or acceleration, a=ms×1s=ms2a = \frac{m}{s} \times \frac{1}{s} = \frac{m}{s^2}. So, we could write this as
ρL3Vt=mVt=mLVLt=mLV2.\rho L^3 \frac{V}{t} = m \frac{V}{t} = \frac{m}{L} V \frac{L}{t} = \frac{m}{L}V^2.
Froude's number squared is then
Fr2=mLV2gm.Fr^2 = \frac{\frac{m}{L}V^2}{g m}.
Factoring out the mass mm and taking square roots,
Fr=VgL,Fr = \frac{V}{\sqrt{gL}},
which is the usual representation. Froude also measured the drag, or viscous resistance, of a flat plate through the water. The dimensionless Reynolds number is the ratio of the inertial force to the viscous force and is used to estimate the viscous resistance. This plot shows the components forming the total resistance as a function of ship speed (from "Resistance and powering of ships"):
Resistance and powering of ships
Components of Hull Resistance
Now we can write the velocity in terms of the Froude number,
V=FrgL=3.1FrL msV = Fr \sqrt{gL} = 3.1 Fr \sqrt{L} \; \frac{m}{s}
since g=9.8ms


How to Use Pushbullet to Bridge the Gap Between All Your Devices
Pushbullet, the service that acts as a bridge between your mobile and desktop OSes, sets the gold standard for developer updates. If you haven't used it recently (or ever), this is a great time to check out all the cool stuff it can do.
The Basics: Push Anything to Any Device
How to Use Pushbullet to Bridge the Gap Between All Your Devices
Way back in the day, Google introduced a Chrome extension called Chrome to Phone that would allow you to push links from your desktop to your phone with a single click. It worked okay. Pushbullet, on the other hand, picked up where that extension left off, allowing users to push text, links, files, maps and more. Not only could you push from your desktop to the phone, but you could also push data in the reverse direction: from your phone to your computer. Or from one device to many others. Or even from your device to a friends! We'll explain how to do all of those (and much more) but first you'll need the apps or the extensions. Here are download links for various platforms:
Pushbullet also utilizes Chrome's rich notification system to show you notifications that have been mirrored from your device (more on that later) or sent from the Pushbullet app to your browser. Firefox has a similar toast notification function, though it's slightly less robust (for example, Chrome allows you to dismiss a notification on your phone from the desktop, while Firefox does not).
From any of these apps or extensions, you can send something to any of the others. Here are the basics that have been around in Pushbullet for a while:
 - Send links between devices: From your desktop, using the Chrome or Firefox extension, you can send a link to your phone or tablet with the click of a button. If you're on the page you need to send, Pushbullet will automatically fill in the title and link, so you just have to pick the device and hit push.
 - Copy files to other devices: Pushbullet can copy files from one device to another, including pictures, videos, music files, PDFs, APKs, and just about anything else that you can copy. While Dropbox is a pretty good solution for some file movement, being able to push a file directly from one device to another without a middleman can be useful.
 - Open an address in your maps app: One of the sucky things about Chrome to Phone getting abandoned is that moving a Maps location from your desktop to your phone is a little harder. If you're in Maps on the desktop, you can send a link from where you're at. You can also send an address without opening up Maps at all with the address function. Both options open directly in the Maps app on Android. iOS requires you to open the address in the Pushbullet app first, but then it will jump to your maps application.
 - Push a link to someone else's phone: While you'll have to add them as a contact in Pushbullet first, you can send pushes to a friend's phone by simply changing the target device. If you've ever had to open a messaging or email app just to share a link with someone, you can immediately see how much nicer this is.
Pushing links from one place to another is just the start, though. Pushbullet aims to be the glue that holds your devices together, filling in the gaps where typical syncing software fails.
Send and Receive Text Messages on Your Computer
How to Use Pushbullet to Bridge the Gap Between All Your Devices
As any Google Voice user could tell you, sending text messages from your desktop is way easier than tapping it out on a phone. While services like MightyText exist solely for this purpose, Pushbullet rolls it into the rest of its software suite. With the feature enabled, you can get a desktop notification when you receive an SMS, reply from the pop-up, or even initiate an SMS conversation yourself.
There are a couple downsides to this, though: for starters, iPhone users don't seem to have this functionality yet (possibly due to restrictions on iOS). And MMS and group messages don't seem to be supported at all, though the developer says he hopes to add it. Nonetheless, simple SMS is still plenty useful.
Receive and Dismiss Notifications on Your Phone or Tablet from Desktop
How to Use Pushbullet to Bridge the Gap Between All Your Devices
One of the neatest features of Pushbullet on Android is that it can mirror your notifications on your desktop. You can do this en masse or on a per app basis. The app accomplishes this by using the notification listening service (which is why it doesn't work on iOS, unfortunately). Enable notification mirroring on your Android phone or tablet and then install the Pushbullet extension on Chrome or Firefox. From then on, any notification you get will show up on your desktop. You can even dismiss them from your phone, which makes it particularly handy for managing all the notifications that build up during the day.
Of course, all of this functionality is built right in. You didn't come here for the stuff you already knew you could do, did you? Let's get to the fun stuff.
Sync Your Clipboard Across All Devices
How to Use Pushbullet to Bridge the Gap Between All Your Devices
Pushbullet already helps make it easier to copy a bit of text from one device to another with the push of a note. However, syncing your clipboard could make it even easier. So they made it happen. To turn on universal copy and paste, go into Settings on the devices you want to sync and check the box to turn it on. This option is device-specific and not account-wide, so you can enable it on just your phone and desktop if, for example, you don't want a tablet interfering.
Once the feature is turned on, you'll never actually "see" it in action, but it works behind the scenes. In our tests, there was a couple seconds of lag compared to normal cut and paste (it is traveling over the internet after all), but your clipboard contents are simply replaced with whatever the last thing you copied on any device was. A warning though: this can cause some security issues if you're using it on a shared device, so be sure that you only enable it on trusted devices. Alternatively, don't copy your passwords or credit card info to the clipboard.
Subscribe to Cool Content with Pushbullet Channels
How to Use Pushbullet to Bridge the Gap Between All Your Devices
In the first section, we talked about how you can send or receive links from someone else's phone. Well, it's not just people you know that can push stuff to your phone. Pushbullet also has its own Channels you can subscribe to that will send you updates. These are a bit like custom RSS feeds, but instead of being consolidated in a reader app, they go straight to your notification shade.
Unfortunately, at the moment, it doesn't seem that you can create your own channels. However, there are several useful ones to choose from. You can get updates on Steam deals, CyanogenMod announcements, or even certain webcomics like The Oatmeal. In the latter case, any fan can tell you that updates are irregular, so getting a notification is especially handy.
Suppose you'd like to get notifications of something not on the list, though. Well, Pushbullet can help with that, too.
Create Pushbullet Recipes with IFTTT
How to Use Pushbullet to Bridge the Gap Between All Your Devices
The IFTTT channel for Pushbullet has already been populated with hundreds of recipes that allow the service to send notifications directly to your phone, tablet, or PC when certain criteria are met. You can browse the entire channel here.
This section actually has a bit of overlap with a similar service, Pushover, which we've covered before. While both services can send notifications to your device via IFTTT, Pushbullet excels by making it easier to send thing between devices manually, as well as having Tasker integration which we'll get to next. If you're more inclined to write your own code, however, Pushover might be worth your attention. That being said, here are some examples of what you can do with Pushbullet and IFTTT.
Get Notified of Stock Prices
The stock channel on IFTTT allows you to find out if a particular stock has dropped or risen by more than a set percent, or simply to check in at the end of the trading day. Data for stock trading is provided by Yahoo! Finance.
Find Out When a Package Changes Status
If you're like me, then any time you're expecting a package, you're constantly refreshing Fedex's website like a mad man, anyway. Instead, you can have IFTTT send a notification directly to your phone any time your package changes status. For now, it seems the shipping channel can't filter out any status except "delivered" (which is the only one we care about), but it's still helpful.
Push a Voice Message to Other Devices
IFTTT allows you to call in to a dedicated number and leave a voice message for yourself (or others!). With the Pushbullet channel, you can send that voice message directly to your tablet or desktop. The notification will include an audio file of the recording that you can download to any of your devices.
Find Out When the Weather is Crappy
Okay, you probably have somewhere in the area of hundreds of apps on your phone that can retrieve the weather. However, Pushbullet and IFTTT can send weather alerts directly to your phone or desktop. You can get a daily reminder of tomorrow's forecast, receive a notification if it's going to rain tomorrow, or just get today's weather report every morning.
Get Notified


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There are records in the Nuremberg city annals of Friedrich Staedtler's activities as a pencil-making craftsman as far back as 1662. Generations later, his descendant would create one of today's most useful artist's tools.
J.S. Staedtler invented the first colored pencil in 1834. It was a colored oil pastel pencil which could be "sharpened to a point just like a pencil". In 1835, the city council granted him a manufacturing license, with permission to produce black lead, red chalk, and pastel pencils.
Staedtler had gained expertise from working with his father, Paulus Staedtler, at his workshop. He transferred this expertise to his industrial efforts. By the year 1840, his company was already making 63 different types of pencils.
Staedtler is now Europe's largest manufacturer of black lead and colored pencils, but its original headquarters have always remained in Nuremberg, Germany. More than two thirds of all the writing instruments Staedtler produces are made there. The quality seal of "Made in Germany" has become an integral part of the Staedtler Company. [ visit manufacturer website ]


What is the Underpinning process?
The underpinning process is a complex, highly specialized construction method that's vital for maintaining the strength and structural integrity of Melbourne buildings. This article will explain the underpinning process in Melbourne, and how important it is. Visit the page.
It is the primary objective of Underpinnings to reinforce a foundation in order to prevent it from shifting and becoming unsteady. A thorough structural evaluation is the first step in the process. This will identify any problems. Melbourne's unique geology and soil type pose challenges to underpinning experts.
Underpinning is performed after the evaluation. This involves the removal of portions of the base, and the installation new support systems. Mini-piled underpinning and mass concrete are two methods of underpinning. The foundation problem and construction needs will determine the method that is used.
Melbourne's climate plays an important role in foundation construction. Melbourne's engineers and architects must consider extreme temperature fluctuations as well as changes in moisture when choosing techniques or materials. It's vital that Melbourne's weather can be resisted by the foundations of any building.
Timing is crucial when it comes to underpinning. To minimize the groundwater intrusion, it's best to finish underpinning during the dry season. It is important to plan ahead in order to prevent delays.
After the underpinning is complete, you should monitor construction to make sure that everything is going well. Melbourne's varied soil conditions play a significant role in the post-underpinning monitoring.
In conclusion, Melbourne's construction industry and maintenance sector are dependent on underpinning. It is an essential but meticulous process. Underpinning is a process that addresses foundation issues to help ensure structural integrity and stability of buildings.
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rsu.sep.rsvarse {epiR}R Documentation
Surveillance system sensitivity assuming representative sampling and varying unit sensitivity
Description
Calculates the surveillance system (population-level) sensitivity for detection of disease assuming representative sampling and varying unit sensitivity.
Usage
rsu.sep.rsvarse(N = NA, pstar, se.u)
Arguments
N
scalar integer or vector of integers the same length as se.u, representing the population size. Use NA if unknown.
pstar
scalar representing the design prevalence.
se.u
vector of numbers the same length as N representing the individual unit sensitivities.
Value
A vector of surveillance system (population-level) sensitivity estimates.
References
MacDiarmid S (1988). Future options for brucellosis surveillance in New Zealand beef herds. New Zealand Veterinary Journal 36: 39 - 42.
Martin S, Shoukri M, Thorburn M (1992). Evaluating the health status of herds based on tests applied to individuals. Preventive Veterinary Medicine 14: 33 - 43.
Examples
## EXAMPLE 1:
## A study has been carried out to detect Johne's disease in a population of
## cattle. A random sample of 50 herds from a herd population of unknown size
## has been selected and, from each selected herd, a variable number of animals
## have been tested using faecal culture which is assumed to have a diagnostic
## sensitivity in the order of 0.60.
## The number of animals tested in each of the 50 herds is:
set.seed(1234)
ntest <- round(runif(n = 50, min = 10, max = 30), digits = 0)
ntest
## Calculate the herd level sensitivity of disease detection, assuming we've
## been provided with no details of the number of animals in each of the 50
## herds. Assume a within-herd design prevalence of 0.05:
herd.se <- rsu.sep.rs(N = NA, n = ntest, pstar = 0.05, se.u = 0.60)
range(herd.se)
## The herd level sensitivity of detection varies between 0.26 and 0.60.
## Calculate the surveillance system sensitivity assuming a herd-level design
## prevalence of 0.01:
rsu.sep.rsvarse(N = NA, pstar = 0.01, se.u = herd.se)
## The surveillance system sensitivity is 0.20.
[Package epiR version 2.0.38 Index]


State-Facilitated Retirement Plans Can Save Taxpayers $33 Billion and Reduce Dependence on Government Programs
U.S. taxpayers could save almost $33 billion over the next 15 years if every state established a state-facilitated retirement savings plan for small-business employees, according to a new report from the University of Maine. While most of the savings would come from reduced costs paid by the federal government, state taxpayers would save almost $7.8 billion. The savings reflect the lower cost for basic government benefits new retirees would otherwise need if they continue to be unable to save for retirement.
Today, about half of all fulland part-time workers, about 55 million in total, don't have access to a payroll deduction retirement savings plan. When employees don't have access to payroll deduction, very few of them save for retirement on a regular basis. And without significant retirement savings, millions of those retiring between 2018 and 2032 will be forced to rely on basic taxpayer-financed government programs to supplement their Social Security benefits. Recognizing this, almost 30 states are considering a state-facilitated retirement savings program that would enable small-business employees to build their own economic security.
When considering the data, it's easy to understand why states want to use this effective policy tool. Using public databases and widely accepted economic modeling tools, the University of Maine estimated the number of people who reach age 65 each year between 2018 and 2032, as well as their Social Security benefits and any additional income. The study then determined how many new retirees will have incomes so low that they will qualify for means-tested benefits (i.e., benefits available only to those below a certain income level) and the amount of benefits they would receive. The study considered both the total cost of those benefits as well as the share of that cost paid for by each of the 50 states.
Next, the study brings state-facilitated retirement savings plans into the equation. To do so, the study increases the retirement income of lower-earning workers by just $1,000 a year and estimates how many fewer retirees would need the taxpayer-paid services. Some of these people would permanently avoid needing these programs, and some would be able to delay starting those payments. In both cases, taxpayers would see reduced costs. In addition to the national study, which also includes Maine state numbers, the researchers developed individual state data showing how much taxpayers in each state could save.
As the study shows, state-facilitated retirement savings plans would reduce the costs for taxpayers — to the tune of $33 billion — and reduce dependence on government programs by allowing workers to rely on their own resources to build retirement security. Today, only 1 out of 7 small businesses offer their employees a payroll deduction retirement savings plan. State-facilitated retirement savings plans for small-business employees would be simple, low-cost and easy to understand for both employers and their workers. Enabling Americans to depend more on their own resources is a valid goal in itself. The fact that such a plan would also save taxpayers money is an added benefit.
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text:
History | The Levering Family | Industrial Revolution | 21st Century
Roxborough's past, present, and future focuses on the themes of community and entrepreneurialism.
In 1690 William Penn divided 11 tracks of land between the Schuylkill River, Germantown border
and Montgomery County. This land was sold at auction and was divided into smaller tracts of land for
farming and settlement.
While Roxborough is only nine miles northwest of Center City Philadelphia in the 18th century there
were significant differences in the economic and social attitudes of the two regions. Roxborough was
isolated from Philadelphia due to geographic obstacles. The Schuylkill River and Wissahickon Creek
served as land barriers and the steep hills and unpaved roads made 18th century modes of transportation
The second differential to the City of Philadelphia was that the earliest settlers that lived in Roxborough
wanted to live a communal and self-determining way of life. Many of the residents in Center City
Philadelphia were Tories and had allegiances to Britain and believed in the British economic system.
The Roxborough people were determined to promote sustainable communal and commercial lifestyles.
Many of the crops as well as other goods and services were traded amongst the Roxborough community
as well as to locations in Lancaster and Harrisburg.


text:
HE WAS AN AMERICAN INVENTOR, WHO EARLY IN HIS CAREER WORKED FOR THOMAS EDISON ON DEVELOPING A CONDUCTING CARBON FOR USE IN THE ELECTRIC LIGHT BULB, AND LATER ON HIS OWN HE DISCOVERED THE ABRASIVE CARBORUNDUM AND PERFECTED A METHOD FOR MAKING GRAPHITE. HERE HIS HANDWRITTEN QUOTE SUMMARIZES WHAT HE FELT SHOULD BE THE INVENTOR'S CREED: "IF YOUR PURPOSE IS A WORTHY ONE, IT IS POSSIBLE OF ACCOMPLISHMENT."
EDWARD GOODRICH ACHESON (_PHONE_) SIGNED QUOTE, "Edward G. Acheson, New York, April 7th, 1919", on a card 4.25 x 3.5, by American chemist and inventor of the Acheson Process, which is still in use to make carborundum, which is used to form hard ceramics that are widely used in applications requiring high endurance, such as car brakes and clutches, and ceramic plates used in bullet proof vests. He received 70 patents on devices, techniques, and compositions of matter in the field of mechanics, electricity, electrochemistry, and colloid chemistry relating to abrasives and graphite products. The Acheson Graphite Company was formed in 1899 to manufacture carborundum and graphite, and in 1928 it merged with the National Carbon Co. He also formed Acheson Colloids Co. to produce commercial forms of colloidal graphite products. His handwritten quote defines what he felt was the inventor's creed, in full: "If your purpose is a worthy one, it is possible of accomplishment." The card is boldly signed and is in fine condition, with minor age toning.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
If I have a triangle with the coodinates A(0,0) B (30,0) and C (30,40)
Is the centre of gravity 1/3 of the base and 1/3 of the height?
would this make it (10, 40/3)??
The area of the triangle is
You now need a triangle such that
The ratio of the main triangle's height to the base is
You need to have or
The center of gravity will occur along the triangle with the x coordinate equal to 21.2132.
You will need to do the appropriate calculations for the y coordinate.
You want to cut the large triangle so that the upper or smaller triangle is half the area of the larger triangle.


text:
A woonerf (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈʋoːn.ɛrf]) is a living street where pedestrians and cyclists have legal priority over motorists as implemented in the Netherlands and in Flanders. Techniques include shared space, traffic calming, and low speed limits. Under Article 44 of the Dutch traffic code, motorised traffic in a woonerf or "recreation area" is restricted to walking pace.
The word literally translates as "living yard".
Since the invention of automobiles, cities have been predominantly constructed to accommodate the use of automobiles.
In 1999 the Netherlands had over 6000 woonerven.
In 2006 it was reported that people Hesselterbrink were disillusioned about how the woonerf principle had become another traffic engineering measure that "entailed precious little more than signs and uniform standards". They have now encompassed the shared space principles as a way of rethinking the woonerf. They are reported to "now know that car drivers should become residents. Eye contact and human interaction are more effective means to achieve and maintain attractive and safe areas than signs and rules".
- Road Traffic Signs and Regulations in the Netherlands Ministerie van Verkeer en Waterstaat, June 2006 Accessed (Accessed 07/02/2007)
- MacPhee, Ian. "Is Vancouver ready for pedestrian priority streets?". re:place Magazine. Retrieved 29 March 2012.
- "Woonerf revisited – The Emmen pilot in Shared Space". Shared Space. 2006.
- Home Zones briefing sheet, Robert Huxford, Proceedings, Institution of Civil Engineers, Transport, 135, 45-46, February, 1999
- _URL_ Missing or empty
- _URL_ Missing or empty


filtrate tracer
1. . []
A chemical or isotopic marker that is uniformly distributed in the continuous phase of a drilling, coring, drill-in or completion fluid and used to later identify the filtrate in cores or in fluids sampled from permeable strata. A tracer must become a part of the filtrate, remaining in true solution and moving with the filtrate into permeable zones. It must not be a component in the strata that is expected to migrate, be adsorbed on clays, or degraded. It should be measurable in trace amounts and safe to handle.
Examples of filtrate tracers include
 - Radioactively tagged compounds (isotopes of elements). Tritium, a weakly-emitting radioisotope of hydrogen, can be a safe and effective tracer in both oil and water (as T2O) muds. It is measured by scintillation counts.
 - Bromide or iodide compounds are practical to use because they do not occur naturally in most muds or reservoirs. They are detectable in small amounts by electron-capture gas chromatography.
 - Fatty acids (or their derivatives) normally present in an oil-mud emulsifier can serve as oil-filtrate tracers and are analyzed by gas chromatography.
 - Nitrate (NO3-) anion, added as sodium, potassium or calcium nitrate, is one of the earliest tracers used. It is limited by being difficult to analyze and lost by degradation.
See: bland coring fluidcompletion fluidcontinuous phasecorecoring fluiddrill-in fluiddynamic filtrationlow-pressure, low-temperature filtration testmud tracerstatic filtration
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text:
The Effect Of Capital Expenditure And Local Revenue On Economic Growth In Cities And Regencies In Bengkulu
The main objective of regional development is to create economic growth and equitable development, including inter-regional distribution of income (PAD). Fast economic growth and low income inequality can be achieved, but both cannot be achieved simultaneously. This study aims to determine the effect of Capital Expenditure and Local Revenue on economic growth in cities and regencies in Bengkulu. The samples in this study were 10 local governments at the district/city level in cities and regencies in Bengkulu with a study period from 2015 to 2020. The data collection method used the documentation method. The data analysis used was multiple linear regression, coefficient of determination and hypothesis testing. The results of the regression test obtained the regression equation Y = 254.213 + 0.097X1 + 0.025X2. Capital expenditure (PAD) has a significant influence on economic growth in cities and regencies in Bengkulu because a significant value of 0.006 is smaller than 0.05. This means that as PAD increases, economic growth will also increase. Local Revenue does not have a significant effect on economic growth in cities and regencies in Bengkulu because the significant value is 0.531, which is less than 0.05. This means that the high or low PAD generated by a region does not really affect economic growth because there is still funding from the center. Based on the results of testing the hypothesis with the F test, the hypothesis made shows that together capital expenditure and regional original income affect economic growth in cities and regencies in Bengkulu. The results of statistical calculations show a significance value of 0.05. The coefficient of determination is 0.162, which means that changes in the independent variables together are able to explain the dependent variable by 16.2%, while the remaining 1% is explained by other factors outside the independent variables used in this research
Copyright (c) 2023 Tania Hasibuan, Ahmad Soleh, Abdul Rahman
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.


Saturday, March 3, 2012
xBR vs HQx Interpolation Filter Comparison
UPDATE: the comparisons in this post aren't a true representation of hq2x (more info in this post). The xBR shots are still valid, but don't put much weight on the comparisons without reading the other post for context.
This post compares the popular HQx interpolation algorithm with the newer xBR, which has been covered in some of my other posts. If you just want to download the filters, you can get them from the link at the bottom of the post.
Since Maxim Stepin created the HQx interpolation algorithm more than a decade ago, it has been the favored real-time interpolation filter for the emulation scene. The way it works is it looks at each pixel and then compares its color to that of the 8 surrounding adjacent pixels. If it finds a match, the filter then compares the resulting pattern with a predefined lookup table to guess what the original pattern was trying to represent.
For example, if we take a pattern like this:
and scale it up via nearest neighbor--that is, a straight upscale with no interpolation--you end up with this checkerboard pattern:
But, if you use HQ2x, you end up with this:
The algorithm guesses that the original pattern was trying to represent a diagonal line rather than a checkerboard pattern, so it fills in the gaps to compensate.
Recently, a Brazilian programmer by the name of Hyllian (aka Jararaca) developed a new algorithm that actually improves on HQx, known as xBR (stands for "a filter that scales By Rules").
xBR works much the same way as HQx insofar as it is based on pattern recognition, and it would upscale the above pattern with the same result. However, it goes further than HQx by using a 2-stage set of interpolation rules, which better handle more complex patterns such as antialiased lines and curves. The two main points that can be fine-tuned are the formula used to measure the distance between colors and the way the algorithm treats corners (more on the corners later).
Hyllian began development of xBR in 2011 as a plugin for Steve Snake's Genesis/Mega Drive emulator, Kega Fusion.
You can read more about Hyllian's algorithm here.
Lets take a look at how they compare on a real-world example (HQ2x on the left, 2xBR on the right; click to embiggen):
As you can see, 2xBR does a much better job on smoothing curves without getting chunky (see Yoshi's nose and the dragon coin). It also does a better job on the 'eyes' of the block, which is represented as a diagonal line with 2xBR compared with the series-of-squares look with HQ2x.
Here's another comparison, using Earthworm Jim's title screen:
And here's a third comparison, using the title screen to Earthworm Jim 2:
HQ2x actually does a slightly better job at getting a smooth gradient around the highlight in Jim's eye, but the rest of the image is a mess. xBR has smoother, straighter lines at every color transition.
Additionally, the xBR algorithm scales to higher scale factors much more easily than the HQx algorithm, making 3-, 4-, 5- and higher versions faster and more effective.
At very high scale factors (5 and higher), the xBR algorithm can obliterate some small details, such as pupils in eyes, dots, and so on, so Hyllian introduced some additional calculation to compensate (5xBR-v3.5a on the left [uncompensated] vs 5xBR-v3.5b on the right [compensated]):
Of course, this compensation comes with its own drawbacks and false-positives, so which version works better varies on a game-by-game basis.
UPDATE: Hyllian has made a third variant that is even more cautious. Here's an animated GIF comparing the way each variant handles text:
Another interesting aspect of this algorithm is that it works very effectively on images already upscaled with xBR, so you can easily get absurdly large images (scaled 1x, 3x, 9x and 27x) with just a few iterations:
This puts it in direct and favorable competition with this vectorization method that recently made the rounds. xBR manages to maintain detail a bit better than the vectorizer, and it can actually operate in real-time, unlike the vectorizer.
You can download these shaders from my Mediafire repo (most are available in either XML/GLSL or Cg format, both of which are compatible with SSNES). UPDATE: KrossX ported 2xBR-v3.5a to ePSXe format and SimoneT ported 5xBR-v3.5a.
UPDATE: New Cg version of 5x variant. Runs approx. 25% faster. :)
UPDATE: new XML versions of 5xBR-v3.7. This package includes 3 variants (a, b and c), as well as the A-variant+scanlines.
UPDATE: Hyllian has been working on a new version that analyzes an image frame by frame and dynamically decides whether to apply xBR smoothing or Reverse-Anti-aliasing to produce the best picture. It handles text better than any filter/shader I've encountered, and it also excels at digitized, prerendered images and backgrounds. Here's a shot of it with Final Fantasy VI on GBA:
You can download this shader here.
UPDATE (4/19/2013): Another great update from Hyllian, this time adding 3 levels of analysis. This version runs a bit slower in my experience (unsurprisingly), but it now handles jagged edges that earlier versions simply couldn't detect, due to their 2-level analysis pattern. Compare this shot with the ones at the top of the post:
Notice that inclined bit of ground under the dragon/yoshi coin. This new version will also really help with Mega Man X games, which tended to have a lot of these sorts of gently sloping planes. You can download a Cg shader of this new version here, or a 3x scale Kega Fusion plugin here.
Closely related to xBR are the SABR shader by Joshua Street and Zenju's xBRZ CPU filter. SABR was written by Mr. Street as part of a school project and it differs from xBR in a couple of ways, including using antialiasing on edges. It was forked from Hyllian's 5xBR v3.7c shader. xBRZ is a rewrite of the xBR algorithm in C++, with some changes to the corner detection and color distance measurement. It was forked around xBR v3.5.
There is also a standalone library written in C that incorporates both the xBR algorithm (as it appears in FFmpeg's libavfilter) and Hqx. You can browse this project's source on github.
Hyllian/Jararaca said...
Hi, HunterK. Nice review! I have some considerations.
Actually, there are some implementations of HQx that can smooth out diagonal lines on different angles than 45 degrees. The Snes9x CPU filter is one example.
The major difference between Hqx and xBR is visible in anti-aliased games. Get to the Press Start screen of Earthworm Jim with both filters and you can see how they perform.
Super Mario World is the easiest game for filters, so most of them do a great jog in it.
Hunter K. said...
Thanks, Hyllian! I made some updates per your recommendations.
Hyllian said...
Hi, HunterK.
EJ2 is a good comparison. But, actually I was talking about the first one.
See these screenshots I made last year in this post:
I know you're comparing the 2x version, though. The press start from EJ1 shows clearly how's the job of those filters on anti-aliased graphics.
Hyllian said...
Sorry to bother you this much. :p
Hunter K. said...
lol I don't know why I thought you said EWJ2... Anyway, I got the new screens in there and you're right. The left edge of the letter 'M' is a pretty clear win for xBR :D
It's no trouble, except for Blogspot's terrible interface. They made it super-hard to make side-by-side pictures :/
Anonymous said...
I will try my best in english.
Is it possible to create a Dll containing the xBR 3x Filter?
I'm working (hobby beside school) on a little Game (towerdefense/gemcraftclone) with only 240x206px size. It would be cool to make the game more flashlike.
Its written in AutoIt, a scripting language. Because of this I cannot understand C/C++/etc. good enough to create the Dll by my own.
I can show you some Pictures that I made with an Image Resizer.
xBR 3x:
It would be great if someone who can help would contact me.
Marcus (from Germany)
Darklord42 said...
Who made the xml version of the shader and do they plan to update it ot the latest 3.8 version?
Hunter K. said...
I believe Hyllian converted them himself, but he's said he can't really do that every time because he has no way to test them (he writes them all for RetroArch on PS3, so Cg-only). I tried using Themaister's Cg-to-XML script but it gives a black


text:
In heating, plumbing and solar energy systems, vent valves and dirt separators from Taconova can be used to automatically vent trapped air from the system components and pipes even in inaccessible areas. The reliable TacoVent vent valves remove unwanted air from heating systems. This increases the efficiency and reduces costs. Taconova valves remove dirt from heating systems automatically and therefore increase their effectiveness. Moreover, the heating components are protected against damage from dirt deposits.
The proven automatic TacoVent ventilators reliably remove unwanted air from heating systems. They increase efficiency and subsequently reduce energy consumption and operating costs. Regardless of whether radiators or systems are ventilated, whether horizontally or vertically installed, Taconova provides the ideal solution.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
Definitions for salmonberryˈsæm ənˌbɛr i
Random House Webster's College Dictionary
salm•on•ber•ryˈsæm ənˌbɛr i(n.)(pl.)-ries.
the salmon-colored, edible fruit of a raspberry, Rubus spectabilis, of the Pacific coast of North America.
the plant itself.
Origin of salmonberry:
cloudberry, dwarf mulberry, bakeapple, baked-apple berry, salmonberry, Rubus chamaemorus(noun)
creeping raspberry of north temperate regions with yellow or orange berries
salmonberry, salmon berry, thimbleberry, Rubus parviflorus(noun)
white-flowered raspberry of western North America and northern Mexico with thimble-shaped orange berries
salmonberry, Rubus spectabilis(noun)
large erect red-flowered raspberry of western North America having large pinkish-orange berries
A bush, taxonomic name Rubus spectabilis, found on the Pacific coast of North America
The fruit from this bush, similar in appearance and texture to the blackberry and raspberry


text:
Updating of the HEC-HMS model of the Duero River Basin Demarcation
End client: Duero Hydrographic Confederation (Ministry for Ecological Transition and Demographic Challenge)
INDEPRO Engineering Consultants is carrying out the update of the hydro-meteorological model HEC-HMS of the Duero Hydrographic Demarcation.
Description of the Works:
The main objectives of this upgrade are:
- New study sections were added to the model to improve knowledge of the hydro-meteorological conditions of the Duero River Basin.
- Precipitation data update for the year 2021.
The different stages into which the hydro-meteorological model updating has been divided are:
- Study of the basin according to geospatial information.
- Analysis and update of precipitation data through the year 2021.
- Preparation of the hydro-meteorological model of the basin, in natural and altered regimes.
- Obtaining the maximum volume of water flow corresponding to different return periods.


Fabio Burderi
Learn More
In recent years codes that are not Uniquely Decipherable (UD) have been studied partitioning them in classes that localize the ambiguities of the code. A natural question is how we can extend the notion of maximality to codes that are not UD. In this paper we give an answer to this question. To do this we introduce a partial order in the set of submonoids(More)
The canonical coding partition of a set of words is the finest partition such that the words contained in at least two factorizations of a same sequence belong to a same class. In the case the set is not uniquely decipherable, it partitions the set into one unambiguous class and other parts that localize the ambiguities in the factorizations of finite(More)
 - 1


Tells the physics engine that this object is a bullet.
Returns: Boolean
This variable defines whether or not the instance is extremely fast moving (for example a bullet). The default value is false but if set to true this tells GameMaker: Studio that the instance will be moving at such high speeds that it will require more expensive collision detection to ensure it doesn't pass through other instances undetected.
with (instance_create(x, y, obj_Shoot))
 phy_bullet = true;
 physics_apply_local_impulse(0, 10, 0, 200);
The above code creates a new instance and then defines it as being a "bullet" in the physics world before giving it a massive impulse along the y axis.
Back: Physics Variables
next: phy_speed
© Copyright YoYo Games Ltd. 2018 All Rights Reserved


text:
- In the LifeKeeper GUI, click the icon to open the Create Resource Wizard. Select the "SAP HANA" Recovery Kit.
- Enter the following values to create and extend a LifeKeeper resource (HANA-SPS_HDB00) to protect the HDB00 database instance on node-a and node-b. Note that the resulting resource should not be extended to node-c, the witness node. The icon indicates that the default option is chosen.
|Create Resource Wizard|
|SAP HANA SID||SPS|
|SAP HANA Instance for SPS||HDB00|
|IP child resource||none|
|Extend gen/app Resource Hierarchy Wizard|
Once the HANA-SPS_HDB00 resource has been successfully created and extended to node-b, the LifeKeeper resource panel should look similar to the following. Note that the names of the resources providing failover functionality for the SAP HANA virtual IP/hostname may differ according to your chosen cloud platform depending on which subsection of Create SAP HANA Primary Database Virtual IP was followed.
- Right-click on the SAP-SPS_HDB00 resource and select Create Dependency… from the drop-down menu.
For Child Resource Tag, specify the root resource of the resource hierarchy being used to failover the SAP HANA virtual IP/hostname. The precise resource name used in this step will depend on resources created in the subsection of Create SAP HANA Primary Database Virtual IP corresponding to your chosen cloud platform.
Click Next> to continue, then click Create Dependency to create the dependency.
The resulting hierarchy will look similar to the following:
SAP HANA database instance HDB00 has now been successfully protected by LifeKeeper.


text:
In the previous section, we've revealed what's inside the financial data analytics app, its main technical challenges, and the solutions of CI/CD concept, Infrastructure as a Code, and blue-green deployment. Here, we'll describe the disaster recovery and security features for financial analytics solutions.
Cloud Provider Infrastructure
Cloud providers like Microsoft Azure have these features inside:
- Availability Zone (AZ) — the physical location of the data center and its physical location. The high level of accessibility comes as the result of deployment in different availability zones. The distance between availability zones should be 100 km max.
- Region — the clusters of neighboring data centers with high-speed connectivity. Again, high availability comes as the result of this feature. The distance between regions should be 300 km min.
Because of regions' peculiarities, the chance of simultaneous outages is minimal. They also have unique identifiers. For example, it can be westeurope (signalizing the West of Europe location) or eastus2 (which means it's in the east of the U.S.). In terms of the blue-green deployment, "blue" and "green" examples have different region identifiers, which ensures their isolation from each other.
For more details on the features of cloud providers, please read the official documentation.
Azure Front Door
Traffic routing is the key stage of the failover process and blue-green deployment. Frequently, the developers use an option to adjust DNS records for the new users' needs. But the risk of having a broken instance after the record adjustment remains unsolved in this scenario, increasing the downtime anyway.
Numerous cloud offerings can solve this problem, introducing the abstraction concept between front-facing URLs and backend services. With them, client apps will address the front-facing URLs in any traffic routing scenario. Microsoft Azure is such a solution. For more information, read its official documentation.
Why we chose Azure Front Door (FD) for the solution:
- HTTPS traffic and application-level routing for traffic come right to the API and the asset storage.
- It deals with failover scenarios
- It serves the needs of a global service perfectly.
Here are the FD rules:
- "Blue" and "green" instances are accessed directly
- The system is accessed generically, pointing to "blue" or "green" instances after deployment. This configuration can be changed, enabling routing to the problematic instance in case of disaster recovery.
Here are the ways to route the users during deployment or disaster recovery.
Changing applications and their data require different approaches during deployments and failovers. An app upgrade usually happens by replacing old files with new ones within its set.
But changing data requires a more sophisticated approach, as it's generated by users on top of the existing application. In case of introducing a new file format to the app, you'll need to conduct data migration during the deployment.
When it comes to failovers, you need to ensure reliable storage for the existing data. In case of traffic redirection to another app in a different region, you need such storage in both regions at once so that the data serving remains stable in a new region and the system remains up and running after the first region becomes totally down.
The data types used in the system:
- structured data (Azure SQL Database)
- assets (Azure Blob Storage).
To reside data in two regions in parallel, we recommend adopting the replication approach, where changes in the primary location get an automatic reflection in the new one. To get more information on databases, read the official documentation. Also, it's useful to check out the guide on Azure Blob Storage here.
- Primary and secondary instances of Azure Blob Storage and Azure SQL Database
- System's connection strings to the database and assets storage to include the information to the new primary instances
- The Azure Front Door rule for another instance.
During outrages, the Powershell script is the tool that enables the sequence of these actions. If the system's lifetime is around a year, no records on outrage occurrences are available. That's why having a working and well-tested failover procedure is the key mission-critical element for the system.
Azure Active Directory
Modern systems frequently face user credentials storage problems, and their third-party solutions are sophisticated and costly (like introducing passwordless login, multi-factor authentication, etc). However, they introduce the Single-Sign-On scenario, which works well for a one-entry user experience of logging in once and getting access to the entire systems set.
Azure Active Directory is such a set of systems that can be leveraged by a sole Azure Portal. Besides, it doesn't keep any user's credentials, as admin access manages this information too.
Secret is the apps' compilation of sensitive information for getting access to external API, database, or any other credentials-storing service. Using Vaults helps here: the system with Microsoft Azure hosting can adopt Azure Key Vault service for satisfactory data security.
In the beginning, the system doesn't store sensitive information in the repository but simply reads it from the Key Vault. Only selected people have permission to read and write secrets after proving to the client the need to request some keys from the third-party services. For more details on how Azure Key Vault works, read its official documentation.
Managed Service Identity
After Key Vault setup, the system can access its secrets. In case several users get permission to get the API key from the repository, they will have the same access levels to Secrets Management by default. For identity "personalization," Microsoft Azure has an option to create the Managed Service Identity. Read more about this feature in the official documentation.
As for the next steps, you can assign the Azure App Service identity so that the system gets full access to the secrets, with no need for storing extra credentials in the code repository anymore.
Web Application Firewall
The remaining security element to review is Azure WAF. Same as for the previous elements, adopting ready-made systems is the best practice in this case. The greatest advantage is stable defense in front of the most frequent cyber-attacks — and with the real value-for-money.
In technical terms, a pre-configured WAF instance analyzes the system traffic that comes through the Azure Front Door. It checks and automatically blocks suspicious requests, without the need for extra coding. The service possesses a set of rules that follow the security standards (like OWASP Top 10 vulnerabilities), upon which you can build your own custom rules for certain patterns.
A blocked request comes as the result of WAF-verification failure. In this case, a user sees a 403 error, which prevents the system overload and minimizes the possible damage in the case of an emergency. For more information about Azure WAF, check out the official documentation.
With all the above-mentioned technical enhancements, the company gets the working tools to quickly react to the market changes and remain stable.
New entries and data processing operations we've described significantly facilitate data management and analysis, providing you with the needed level of control over your IT infrastructure. The data inputs come quickly, the updates happen automatically, and notifications to all the stakeholders are sent instantly.
In a long run, this investment enables establishing a proactive approach to serving clients and improving the quality of your data-driven decisions. And all this comes for fewer man-hours and with the real enhancements in the bottom line!


text:
FREQUENCY AND DISTRIBUTION OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF CERVICAL LYMPHADENOPATHY IN PATIENTS IN D.I.KHAN DISTRICT, PAKISTAN.
Background: Cervical lymphadenopathy is a common medical problem. The objective of the study was to determine the frequency and distribution of different types of cervical lymphadenopathy in patients in D.I.Khan, KP, Pakistan.
Material and Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted at Department of ENT, Gomal Medical College, Dera Ismail Khan from April 2013 to March 2016. Sample size was 80, selected through consecutive sampling technique. Patients having enlarged lymph nodes of either sex and of any age of at least 2 months duration were included. Patients having generalized lymphadenopathy were excluded from the study. Gender and age groups were the demographic variables. The research variables were types of cervical lymphadenopathy (tuberculous lymphadenopathy/reactive hyperplasia/metastatic carcinoma/lymphpoma) and side of the neck involved (right/left). All variables being categorical, the frequencies and percentages were calculated. descriptive statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 10.
Results: Out of 80 patients, 42 were males and 38 females. Majority of the patients were in the first decade. Chronic granulomatous diseases especially the tuberculous cervical lymphadenopathy was the most frequent histological findings in 31 patients. Lymphoma was noted in 21, reactive hyperplasia in 18 and metastatic malignancy in 10 cases. Lymph nodes involvement on the right side was more common 36 than on the left side 32.
Conclusion: Unilateral tuberculous cervical lymphadenopathy was most common found especially in young males.
KEY WORDS: Cervical lymphadenopathy; Tuberculosis; FNAC; Lymphoma.
Cervical lymphadenopathy is usually defined as cervical lymph node measuring more than 1cm in diameter. Lymphadenopathy can involve any site of the body and present at different age groups. Different diseases like tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, lymphoma, bacterial and viral infections and metastatic foci of malignant tumours in the head, neck, throat and face may present with enlarged cervical lymph nodes.1,2
Tuberculosis commonly presents with lymphadenitis in the neck as extrapulmonary manifestation.3,4 Recomended standardized protocols for diagnosis of lymphoma include an access to all patients with cervical lymphadenopathy in a weekly neck lump clinic.5 FNAC of cervical lymph nodes carries a high diagnostic accuracy especially in malignancy.6
Cervical lymphadenopathy is a common medical problem faced by all clinicians.1,7 Cervical lymphadenopathy can involve any site of the body and presents in different age groups.8
The objective of the study was to determine the frequency and distribution of different types of cervical lymphadenopathy in patients in D.I.Khan, KP, Pakistan.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
This cross sectional study was conducted at Department of ENT, Gomal Medical College, Dera Ismail Khan from April 2013 to March 2016. Mufti Mehmood Teaching Hospital and District Head Quarter Teaching Hospital were the data collecting sites. Sample size was 80, selected through consecutive sampling technique. Patients having enlarged lymph nodes of either sex and of any age of at least 2 months duration were included. Patients having generalized lymphadenopathy were excluded from the study. Informed consent was taken. Clinical presentation and history of contact with tuberculosis, duration of illness and other relevant information were obtained on a structured proforma. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), total leukocyte count (TLC), chest x-ray, ultrasound of the neck and FNAC of the lymph nodes were performed in all subjects. Specific investigations like pus for AFB/culture and excisional/incisional biopsy of lymph node were employed in patients in whom FNAC was inconclusive.
All specimens were sent to Shifa International Laboratory for histopathology. The histological diagnosis was undertaken on morphological grounds. The diagnostic criterion for tuberculosis was the presence of caseating epitheloid cell granulomas in biopsy specimen.
Gender and age groups (1-10/11-20/21-30/31-40/41-50/51-60/61-70 years) were the demographic variables. The research variables were types of cervical lymphadenopathy (tuberculous lymphadenopathy/reactive hyperplasia/metastatic carcinoma/lymphpoma) and side of the neck involved (right/left). All variables being categorical, the frequencies and percentages were calculated. descriptive statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 10.
Out of 80 patients, 42 (52.5%) were males and 38 (47.5%) females. Age group-wise distribution of the patients is as follows. Table 1
Table 1: Gender and age group-wise distribution of patients with cervical lymphadenopathy in D.I.Khan, KP, Pakistan (n=80).
Variables###Frequency and percentage
01-10 Years###23 (28.75%)
11-20 Years###21 (26.50%)
21-30 Years###13 (16.25%)
31-40 Years###09 (11.25%)
41-50 Years###03 (03.75%)
51-60 Years###10 (12.50%)
61-70 Years###01 (01.25%)
The tuberculous cervical lymphadenopathy was in 31 (38.75%) patients. Reactive hyperplasia was noted in 21 (26.25%), metastatic carcinoma in 18 (22.5%) and lymphoma in 10 (12.5%) cases. Table 2
Table 2: Distribution of cervical lymphadenopathy in patients in D.I.Khan, KP, Pakistan (n=80).
S. No###Type of Lymphadenopathy###Count and %age
1###Tuberculous cervical###31 (38.75%)
2###Reactive hyperplasia###21 (26.25%)
3###metastatic carcinoma###18 (22.50%)
Lymph nodes involvement on the right side was more common 36 (45%) than on the left side 32 (40%).
In the present study, minimum age was 1 year and maximum 70 years. Almost similar results were also reported in a study conducted locally in which age range of the patients was10 - 70 years.9 Majority of the patients were in the first decade of their life.
But another study has reported a higher incidence in second decade of life.10 But on the other side, in another study the age group mostly involved was 21-40 years which is contrary to our results.11
In the present study males 42 (52.5%) were more commonly affected than females 38 (47.5%). The results of the present study are in accordance with previous work already reported in the literature.12-14 Similarly local study by Siddiqui FG has reported male predominance with 52.9% male and 47.1% female cases.14 But other studies have reported female preponderance contrary to our findings.11,14
In this study besides tuberculous cervical lymphadenopathy being the most common (38.75%) pathological cause, reactive hyperplasia was found in 26% cases, metastasis to cervical lymph nodes in 22.5%, and lymphoma in 12.5% cases. Almost similar results are reported in a study conducted in Kathmandu, in which causes of cervical lymphadenopathy were tuberculous lymphadenitis (54%), reactive hyperplasia (33%) and metastatic lesion in lymph nodes (11.1%).15 Our reports are in tandem with another local study in which out of total 220 patients with enlarged neck lymph nodes, tuberculous lymphadenitis was the most common occurrence (70.45%).16,17 All of the tuberculous patients studied by Chaudry N, 58% presented with cervical adenitis.17
Tuberculosis had been the major cause of lymphadenopathy as evident by another study, showing an incidence of 36% but overall incidence was less as compared to the present study. This disproportion might have been due to differences in local referral pattern and patient selection.18 In Pakistan, tuberculosis as a cause of cervical lymphadenopathy is up to 75%.19 But tuberculosis has become a rare occurrence in western countries due to better awareness about the disease, higher standared of life and better medical care.20
The present study has certain limitations as it was conducted in a small study group. A large sized, prospective, randomized and various centers of the city should be included to study the various causes of cervical lymphadenopathy.
Unilateral tuberculous cervical lymphadenopathy was most common found especially in young males.
1. Gospodarowicz MZ, Soug JY, Cheong HJ.


text:
What Is the Definition of a Consumer Culture?
Betsie Van Der Meer/Taxi/Getty Images
A consumer culture is focused on the buying and selling of goods. The goods consumed in a consumer culture are not necessarily goods that are needed so much as goods that are wanted. The United States is an example of a consumer culture.


text:
The vice chancellor of Gloucestershire University has suggested that video games should play a role in the state education of the UK's youth.
Patricia Broadfoot, vice-chancellor of the University of Gloucestershire, said computer games could be used to assess creativity in schools.
According to The Times Higher Education, Broadfoot told the International Association for Educational Assessment conference in Brisbane last month:
"Games are excellent learning tools in that they are interactive and provide rapid feedback, opportunities for extensive practice, engagement with intellectual complexity, emotional involvement and, increasingly, open-ended outcomes that challenge the creativity of the player," she said.
They also offer training in metacognition, strategic thinking, concentration and even social skills, she added.
"Perhaps most important of all for many students is the level of engagement that computers can provide," she said.
"Engagement, as we have seen, is the essential starting point for creative thinking, whether this is at school, at university or in the workplace."
Current tests in the space are limited for assessment needs on a large scale, Professor Broadfoot said, adding that the sector needed to "embrace the full potential of the information age".


text:
The Tukudika, or Sheep Eater, Indians were a band of Mountain Shoshone that lived for thousands of years in the area that would become Yellowstone National Park. Throughout the park, archaeological sites reflect use of resources within this landscape by the Tukudika and other Native American tribes.
The Name Tukudika
Traditionally, Shoshone names were derived from places the bands traveled to or from foods they hunted or gathered. Tukudika (also Tukudyka'a, Tukadika) means "eaters of the mountain sheep." The Tukudika lived in northwestern Wyoming, southwestern Montana, and eastern Idaho. Related bands bore the names "salmon eaters," "elk eaters," and "bison eaters."
Because the name Sheep Eater can appear to equate these Indians with the bighorn sheep itself, the term was once considered derogatory. The name Sheep Eater suggests a Shoshone social hierarchy on which the Tukudika occupied one of the lowest rungs: whereas other Shoshone bands were hunting and consuming the "grander" bison and elk, the Tukudika were hunting the "inferior," elusive, mountain-dwelling bighorn sheep. Contemporary understanding of this name is more nuanced. The name does not signify that Tukudika ate only bighorn sheep; it means, simply, that the bighorn sheep was this group's primary source of meat. Indeed, the Tukudika's diet consisted of at least 50% plants, roots, nuts, and berries. However, the visceral connection between the Tukudika and the bighorn sheep is undeniable, for the Indians made their hunting bows from the same animal these weapons were designed to kill.
Traveling in extended-family groups, the Tukudika followed the park's rivers and streams to hunt game, harvest plants, and find suitable campsites. They traveled to higher elevations in the warmer months and stayed at lower elevations, often outside "park" boundaries, during the colder months. According to the Shoshone-Bannock tribes of southeastern Idaho, some Tukudika stayed in the park year-round.
Obsidian Cliff is important to Tukudika culture. When they lived in the park, the Tukudika quarried obsidian (dupi or tuupi) at this site. Working in family groups, the Indians quarried pits atop Obsidian Cliff with shovels made from bison or elk bone. (Archaeologists have identified and studied more than 50 obsidian quarries at this site.) After quarrying the obsidian (volcanic glass), the Tukudika worked the material with elk antlers. A cantaloupe-sized rock yielded two to three arrowheads. Because of its sharpness, obsidian was the primary material for arrowheads and tools. It played roles in medicine and religion as well.
The Tukudika paired arrowheads manufactured from obsidian and other stone materials with well-designed, extremely durable hunting bows made from the horns and sinews of bighorn sheep. The Indians soaked the horns in geothermal waters to soften them, then shaped the pliable horns into bows. These highly effective bows were sought-after objects which the Tukudika traded with other tribes throughout the Rocky Mountains and the Northern Plains. Sheepskin was used to make distinctive, high-quality clothing, another desirable trade good from this Native American group.
The Tukudika were skillful hunters. They designed drive lines and corrals to aid in the hunting of bighorn sheep, and they built fish traps of stone and timber. Unlike most other Indian tribes of the western United States, including other bands of Shoshone, the Tukudika did not adopt the horse. Instead, they continued to hunt on foot, accompanied by dogs (satii, sadee). These medium to large dogs resembled both wolves and huskies and served as both work dogs and companions. Some scholars have speculated that hunting on horseback would have hindered the group's techniques for alpine hunting. Dogs were used to pull travois (two-pole sleds) laden with game or belongings. Evidence that Native Americans, possibly Tukudika, were buried with their dogs has been found throughout the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem.
For cooking and storage, the Tukudika made bowls and other containers out of steatite, or soapstone, a metamorphic rock soft enough to scratch with a fingernail. Although steatite is a soft stone, it is surprisingly durable. Steatite deposits are plentiful throughout the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, but archaeologists have not yet determined whether this material was quarried in the park. Some archaeologists claim the vessels were cached and returned to, season after season. Others interpret the containers as heirlooms or as ceremonial vessels and maintain that the Tukudika would have transported them from site to site. These bowls are distinct from Intermountain Ware, a type of pottery made from different clays and tempers and associated with other Shoshone groups. The Heritage and Research Center (HRC) in Gardiner, Montana, houses several steatite bowls and pottery sherds found in the park.
The Tukudika built simple yet versatile shelters composed of curved lodgepole and grass thatching. When situated against a rock face, these newe-gahni (Shoshone houses, houses built to suit a specific purpose) proved sturdy and resistant to the elements. These structures are similar to, but probably distinct from, the wickiup, or conical timber lodge, a structure found throughout the park and associated with several tribes.
The stories that a culture creates and transmits are rooted in that culture's traditions, customs, social mores, and belief system. When two cultures encounter one another, misunderstandings and conflicts can arise. In the Rocky Mountain West, some of the first recorded stories of encounter between European-Americans and American Indians came from Lewis and Clark's Corps of Discovery expedition of 1804-6. Thirty years later, Osborne Russell, a young fur-trapper, wrote some of the first descriptions of European-American—Tukudika encounters in the park. In 1835, he met a small group of Tukudika in the Lamar Valley, and he portrayed them favorably, if somewhat romantically. Other explorers and trappers were not so open-minded. Many accounts were one-sided, prejudiced, fearful, or even hostile. These stories and reports failed to consider the Indians' agency, self-sufficiency, and vast knowledge of Yellowstone's landscape and resources.
The Tukudika continued to inhabit the landscape for several years after Yellowstone National Park was established in 1872. By 1900, the Tukudika had been incorporated into the Eastern Shoshone tribe of the Wind River Reservation in central-western Wyoming, and into the Mountain and Lemhi Shoshone and Bannock tribes of the Fort Hall Reservation in southeastern Idaho. Once confined to reservations, the Tukudika suffered the partial collapse of their traditional lifeways. Although the Tukudika continued to live traditionally for a generation or two after their removal to reservations, they eventually adapted to the ways of these other tribes, whose own cultural practices had already been altered by their earlier removal to reservations.
Today, some Tukudika descendants live on both of the aforementioned reservations. Some of these descendants prefer the name Mountain People to Tukudika or Sheep Eater for its emphasis upon place rather than food source.
Last updated: March 15, 2021


StartSpeechSynthesisTask - Amazon Polly
Allows the creation of an asynchronous synthesis task, by starting a new SpeechSynthesisTask. This operation requires all the standard information needed for speech synthesis, plus the name of an Amazon S3 bucket for the service to store the output of the synthesis task and two optional parameters (OutputS3KeyPrefix and SnsTopicArn). Once the synthesis task is created, this operation will return a SpeechSynthesisTask object, which will include an identifier of this task as well as the current status. The SpeechSynthesisTask object is available for 72 hours after starting the asynchronous synthesis task.
Request Syntax
POST /v1/synthesisTasks HTTP/1.1 Content-type: application/json { "Engine": "string", "LanguageCode": "string", "LexiconNames": [ "string" ], "OutputFormat": "string", "OutputS3BucketName": "string", "OutputS3KeyPrefix": "string", "SampleRate": "string", "SnsTopicArn": "string", "SpeechMarkTypes": [ "string" ], "Text": "string", "TextType": "string", "VoiceId": "string" }
URI Request Parameters
The request does not use any URI parameters.
Request Body
The request accepts the following data in JSON format.
Specifies the engine (standard or neural) for Amazon Polly to use when processing input text for speech synthesis. Using a voice that is not supported for the engine selected will result in an error.
Type: String
Valid Values: standard | neural
Required: No
Optional language code for the Speech Synthesis request. This is only necessary if using a bilingual voice, such as Aditi, which can be used for either Indian English (en-IN) or Hindi (hi-IN).
If a bilingual voice is used and no language code is specified, Amazon Polly uses the default language of the bilingual voice. The default language for any voice is the one returned by the DescribeVoices operation for the LanguageCode parameter. For example, if no language code is specified, Aditi will use Indian English rather than Hindi.
Type: String
Valid Values: arb | cmn-CN | cy-GB | da-DK | de-DE | en-AU | en-GB | en-GB-WLS | en-IN | en-US | es-ES | es-MX | es-US | fr-CA | fr-FR | is-IS | it-IT | ja-JP | hi-IN | ko-KR | nb-NO | nl-NL | pl-PL | pt-BR | pt-PT | ro-RO | ru-RU | sv-SE | tr-TR
Required: No
List of one or more pronunciation lexicon names you want the service to apply during synthesis. Lexicons are applied only if the language of the lexicon is the same as the language of the voice.
Type: Array of strings
Array Members: Maximum number of 5 items.
Pattern: [0-9A-Za-z]{1,20}
Required: No
The format in which the returned output will be encoded. For audio stream, this will be mp3, ogg_vorbis, or pcm. For speech marks, this will be json.
Type: String
Valid Values: json | mp3 | ogg_vorbis | pcm
Required: Yes
Amazon S3 bucket name to which the output file will be saved.
Type: String
Pattern: ^[a-z0-9][\.\-a-z0-9]{1,61}[a-z0-9]$
Required: Yes
The Amazon S3 key prefix for the output speech file.
Type: String
Pattern: ^[0-9a-zA-Z\/\!\-_\.\*\'\(\):;\$@=+\,\?&]{0,800}$
Required: No
The audio frequency specified in Hz.
The valid values for mp3 and ogg_vorbis are "8000", "16000", "22050", and "24000". The default value for standard voices is "22050". The default value for neural voices is "24000".
Valid values for pcm are "8000" and "16000" The default value is "16000".
Type: String
Required: No
ARN for the SNS topic optionally used for providing status notification for a speech synthesis task.
Type: String
Pattern: ^arn:aws(-(cn|iso(-b)?|us-gov))?:sns:[a-z0-9_-]{1,50}:\d{12}:[a-zA-Z0-9_-]{1,256}$
Required: No
The type of speech marks returned for the input text.
Type: Array of strings
Array Members: Maximum number of 4 items.
Valid Values: sentence | ssml | viseme | word
Required: No
The input text to synthesize. If you specify ssml as the TextType, follow the SSML format for the input text.
Type: String
Required: Yes
Specifies whether the input text is plain text or SSML. The default value is plain text.
Type: String
Valid Values: ssml | text
Required: No
Voice ID to use for the synthesis.
Type: String
Valid Values: Aditi | Amy | Astrid | Bianca | Brian | Camila | Carla | Carmen | Celine | Chantal | Conchita | Cristiano | Dora | Emma | Enrique | Ewa | Filiz | Geraint | Giorgio | Gwyneth | Hans | Ines | Ivy | Jacek | Jan | Joanna | Joey | Justin | Karl | Kendra | Kevin | Kimberly | Lea | Liv | Lotte | Lucia | Lupe | Mads | Maja | Marlene | Mathieu | Matthew | Maxim | Mia | Miguel | Mizuki | Naja | Nicole | Penelope | Raveena | Ricardo | Ruben | Russell | Salli | Seoyeon | Takumi | Tatyana | Vicki | Vitoria | Zeina | Zhiyu
Required: Yes
Response Syntax
HTTP/1.1 200 Content-type: application/json { "SynthesisTask": { "CreationTime": number, "Engine": "string", "LanguageCode": "string", "LexiconNames": [ "string" ], "OutputFormat": "string", "OutputUri": "string", "RequestCharacters": number, "SampleRate": "string", "SnsTopicArn": "string", "SpeechMarkTypes": [ "string" ], "TaskId": "string", "TaskStatus": "string", "TaskStatusReason": "string", "TextType": "string", "VoiceId": "string" } }
Response Elements
The following data is returned in JSON format by the service.
SynthesisTask object that provides information and attributes about a newly submitted speech synthesis task.
Type: SynthesisTask object
This engine is not compatible with the voice that you have designated. Choose a new voice that is compatible with the engine or change the engine and restart the operation.
HTTP Status Code: 400
The provided Amazon S3 bucket name is invalid. Please check your input with S3 bucket naming requirements and try again.
HTTP Status Code: 400
The provided Amazon S3 key prefix is invalid. Please provide a valid S3 object key name.
HTTP Status Code: 400
The specified sample rate is not valid.
HTTP Status Code: 400
The provided SNS topic ARN is invalid. Please provide a valid SNS topic ARN and try again.
HTTP Status Code: 400
The SSML you provided is invalid. Verify the SSML syntax, spelling of tags and values, and then try again.
HTTP Status Code: 400
The language specified is not currently supported by Amazon Polly in this capacity.
HTTP Status Code: 400
Amazon Polly can't find the specified lexicon. This could be caused by a lexicon that is missing, its name is misspelled or specifying a lexicon that is in a different region.
Verify that the lexicon exists, is in the region (see ListLexicons) and that you spelled its name is spelled correctly. Then try again.
HTTP Status Code: 404
Speech marks are not supported for the OutputFormat selected. Speech marks are only available for content in json format.
HTTP Status Code: 400
An unknown condition has caused a service failure.
HTTP Status Code: 500
SSML speech marks are not supported for plain text-type input.
HTTP Status Code: 400
The value of the "Text" parameter is longer than the accepted limits. For the SynthesizeSpeech API, the limit for input text is a maximum of 6000 characters total, of which no more than 3000 can be billed characters. For the StartSpeechSynthesisTask API, the maximum is 200,000 characters, of which no more than 100,000 can be billed characters. SSML tags are not counted as billed characters.
HTTP Status Code: 400
See Also


The new Instruction creates a new piece of data represented by a Destination.
To enable multiple objects to be created, if there is already data loaded into the Destination, it will be committed to the database. Nothing will be committed if there are any errors processing the current Record.
action "new"
destination The Destination for this data.
It is generally unnecessary to use the new Instruction for dependent destinations unless you are intending to create multiple objects.
To ingest new objects in a project Destination, use a new Instruction followed by other Instructions to add data:
 "action": "new",
 "destination": "project"
 "source": "TITLE",
 "destination": "project",
 "name": "dc:attribute:title"


Allen charge
An instruction given by a court to a deadlocked jury to encourage it to continue deliberating until it reaches a verdict. Some states prohibit Allen charges, because they deem them coercive, but the U.S. Supreme Court upheld their use in Allen v. U.S., 164 U.S. 492 (1896). Also called dynamite charge, nitroglycerine charge, shotgun charge, and third-degree instruction.
Illustrative caselaw
See, e.g. Lowenfield v. Phelps, 484 U.S. 231 (1988) and Allen v. U.S., 164 U.S. 492 (1896).
See also


text: This paper introduces a lightweight knee assisting robot called 'COWALK-M' and a control methodology using estimated ground slope and intended walking speed of the wearer. It is designed to assist stroke patients suffering from mild hemiplegia to move the paretic knee joint during Activities of Daily Living(ADL). The COWALK-M has various kinds of sensors including pressure sensors under the soles as well as encoders at the knee and ankle joints. These sensors are used to detect gait phases in real-time and finite state machine (FSM) is implemented for quiet standing and forward walking. Furthermore, ground slope as well as gait speed is estimated in order to provide the wearer with the most appropriate trajectory. To evaluate the performance of gait segmentation algorithm and gait speed/ground slope estimator, experiments on walking with and without a treadmill were conducted on five subjects under different speeds and different inclines. Despite a small number of sensors used, our method showed relatively high success rates for phase detection and a small error for estimators.


text:
This section explains the steps required to load an image to the image editor. Image editor has a built-in toolbar that has options to edit the image with shapes, path, text, crop, rotate and flip.
After installing Essential Studio for UWP, you can find all the required assemblies in the installation folder,
SfImageEditor is available in the following assembly and namespace:
In addition, you have to install a
Win2Dpackage to save the image.
Initialize the image editor
- Import the SfImageEditor namespace as shown below,
- Initialize the image editor as shown below,
SfImageEditor editor = new SfImageEditor(); grid.Children.Add(editor);
Loading an image to the image editor
It can be done by the following two ways:
- Using bitmap object
- Using Stream
Using bitmap object
You can load an image to the control as a bitmap object.
IRandomAccessStream stream = await file.OpenAsync(FileAccessMode.Read); BitmapImage bitMapImage = new BitmapImage(); image.SetSource(stream); imageEditor.ImageSource = bitMapImage;
You can load an image to the control as a stream.
IRandomAccessStream stream = await file.OpenAsync(FileAccessMode.Read); imageEditor.Image = stream;
- After an image has been loaded to the SfImageEditor, you can start to edit an image by using the built-in Toolbar