text: Background: Cassia auriculata L. (CA) leaf extract might increase the body's production of insulin thereby suppressing the elevated blood glucose and lipid levels in diabetic rats. CA has been used as dietary supplement in India from ancient times. Objective: The present study was to elucidate the synergistic pharmacodynamic (PD) and pharmacokinetic (PK) interaction of metformin (MT) with CA. Materials and Methods:A simple, precise reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography - UV detection mode method was developed to quantify MT in rat plasma. In PD interaction, streptozotocin (45mg/kg, intraperitoneally) induced diabetic Wistar rats weighing 180–250 g of either sex were randomized to receive MT (90 mg/kg, MT-HD), CA (500 mg/kg) separately and in combination of MT (90 mg/kg, MT-HD) + CA (500 mg/kg), and MT (45 mg/kg, MT-LD) + CA (500 mg/kg) (all oral) along with normal and diabetic control groups for 21 days. PK of MT was carried out in normal rats with preadministration of CA (500 mg/kg) for 14 days. Results: PD data showed reasonable blood glucose lowering effect of CA. The reduction of MT dose with combination of CA achieved a similar blood glucose lowering effect of MT alone. PK data showed enhanced time taken to achieve maximum plasma concentration (Cmax), area under the curve (AUC0-t), and Cmaxin combination group of MT (90mg/kg) and CA (500mg/kg), and reduction of MT dose in Group III had a reduced Cmaxand AUC0-tcompared to MT alone treated groups. Conclusion: Co-administration of CA with MT at varying dose showed a synergistic herb-drug interaction. Thus using the synergistic herb-drug interaction, the dose level of MT may be reduced to produce the same therapeutic effect as when taken alone.


One of the core concepts in OpsMgr is modules. There are four modules types in OpsMgr: DataSource, Condition Detection, Probe, and Write Action. When you write any workflow such as rule/monitor/discovery/task/diagnostic/recovery you are using one or more module type that are already defined in system management packs. One of the hard things sometimes is to actually figure out what modules exist and what are their properties such as:
1 - What parameters need to be passed to a module?
2 - What is the input and output type of a module?
3 - Which parameters are mandatory and which are optional?
4 - What are the data types of the parameters?
To try to simplify this a bit, I wrote a small utility last night to provide some visibility into the library of modules and information about each module. The utility shows a tree of modules. At the top of the tree are the code based modules and the child nodes are the modules that use these code based modules.
This is the first version of the utility so it might not answer all the questions that one might have. I would really appreciate feedback as to how I can make this tool more useful.
Use of included utilities are subject to the terms specified at


text:
Cedar Lake is a 1,075-acre lake located in Northeast Lower Michigan, one-half mile from Lake Huron. Several studies of the lake conducted during the past two decades indicated hydrologic concerns and the need for aquatic plant management. The Cedar Lake Improvement Board, the local lake association, and other stakeholders collaborated to develop a plan that would provide a new approach to managing critical areas and conditions throughout the watershed. These efforts resulted in a Watershed Management Plan (WMP), which continues to serves as a road map for identifying and achieving watershed goals and sustaining Cedar Lake.
This website provides access to Cedar Lake watershed management planning information, updates regarding ongoing activities, and technical publications from relevant watershed studies.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


Question: How Warm Is 63 Degrees?
Is 58 degrees too cold to swim?
Any water temperature below 70 degrees should be treated with caution for those not wearing a wetsuit or drysuit, the National Center for Cold Water Safety warns.
When water temperatures are between 60 and 70 degrees it becomes progressively more difficult to control your breathing..
Is 63 degrees hot or cold?
Is 62 degrees hot or cold?
62 degrees Fahrenheit = 16.67 degrees Celsius How hot is 62°f in Celsius? How cold? Type the information into the input boxes and the degrees in Celsius will update automatically. Once again, 62°f in Celsius is equal to 16.67°c.
Is 60 degrees hot or cold?
What temp is too cold for shorts?
That said, few people will wear shorts when the temperature is 40 degrees. Similarly, someone wearing a winter jacket when the temperature is 90 degrees outside would probably generate a lot of concern or suspicion.
Can you wear shorts at 60 degrees?
Can you wear shorts in 60-degree weather? Some people would say that shorts are not for 60-degree weather. … However, if you are comfortable and you have a high body temperature, you can wear shorts. If you feel that your legs will be cold, you can add tights to lessen the cold.
Is 60 degrees warm enough to swim?
Swimming temperatures are a matter of preference — some people can tolerate much colder temperatures than others. People even acclimatize themselves to swim in the Arctic for short distances. Generally, water cooler than 60 degrees Fahrenheit poses danger to swimmers who go for longer than two hours.
Is it unhealthy to keep your house cold?
Cold homes are bad for health. If you're struggling to pay your heating bills and your home is cold and damp, your health may suffer. Problems and diseases linked to the cold range from blood pressure increases and common colds, to heart attacks and pneumonia.
How cold is too cold to swim in?
77-82F(25-28C) Swimming pool temperature range for Olympic competition. 70F(21C) Water feels quite cold to most people. Treat any water temperature below 70F (21C) with caution. 40F(4.4C) or lower Water is painfully cold.
What is the lowest temperature to set thermostat in winter?
The experts at the Department of Energy share that aiming for a lower interior temp may be the best temperature to set a thermostat in winter. They recommend setting the thermostat at around 68°F or lower during the daylight hours when the home is empty, or at night when everyone is asleep.
Is it cheaper to leave your heating on low?
According to experts at the Energy Saving Trust, the idea it's cheaper to leave the heating on low all day is a myth. … The Energy Saving Trust says if you're keeping the heating on all day you're losing energy all day, so it's better to heat your home only when you need it.
Is 65 degrees too cold for inside?
Do not let it get too cold inside and dress warmly. Even if you keep your temperature between 60°F and 65°F, your home or apartment may not be warm enough to keep you safe. … Set your heat to at least 68–70°F. To save on heating bills, close off rooms you are not using.
Can you swim in 68 degree water?
Anything between 65 and 100 F will not do harm (except particular cases). However, with temperature of the water at 65–70 F or 85–100 F swimming is not comfortable and can be even dangerous. A centigrated and fahrenheit thermometer are placed in a hot water. The water is cooled.
Is 63 degrees warm enough for shorts?
63F is an idea temperature for biking with shorts. Even colder than that would be very pleasant… down to about 50F should be comfortable if you're riding like you mean it. Below that, then in rain or a high wind you might begin to shiver.
Is 63 degrees too cold to swim?
Water Temperature of the Sea Below 8°C (46°F) For swimming this is considered very cold and even the most hardy among us would be foolhardy to venture in for a swim and risk hypothermia if exposed for any more than a few minutes.
Is 68 too cold for House?
Depending on the season, the ideal house temperature for both comfort and efficiency is between 68 to 78 degrees Fahrenheit. In the summer, the recommended thermostat setting is 78 degrees F. In the winter, 68 degrees is recommended for energy savings. However, these temperatures aren't perfect for every situation.
How should I dress at 60 degrees?
What to Wear in 60 Degree WeatherWear light to medium weight fabrics such as cotton, rayon, silk, or merino wool.Start with a foundation layer such as a tank or tee. … For bottoms go with leggings, long pants, or capris. … 60 degrees is still a bit too cold for flip flops and too warm for heavy boots such as Uggs.
How long can you stay in 50 degree water?
How long can a person survive in cold water?Water TemperatureExpected Time Before Exhaustion or Unconsciousness32.5°0.3°< 15 minutes32.5–40°0.3–4.4°15 – 30 minutes40–50°3.3–10°30 – 60 minutes50–60°10–15.6°1 – 2 hours5 more rows•Nov 18, 2015
Is 68 degrees hot or cold?
Is 65 degrees hot or cold?
65 degrees is a comfortable temperature but if it is windy it becomes cold. Everything is relative and whether or not you are acclimated to it.
Is 62 degrees cold for a house?
Recommended Temperature When You Are Home The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends setting your thermostat no lower than 64 degrees (F) in the Winter months while people are in the home. If there are infants or elderly individuals, they recommend keeping the temperature at 70 degrees at a minimum.


Question:
Explain how you can do testing in GO?
Answer:
It has a lightweight testing framework consists of the go test command and the testing package.
To write a test you have to create a file with a name ending in _testing. Go which contains functions named TestXXX with signature func (t *testing.T). The test framework runs each such function.
Keywords:
© 2017 QuizBucket.org


text:
Some people love to learn in a "Linear Fashion" and here at OneClick Training, we are all about that. Since 2013, publishing individual Clickteam Fusion 2.5 courses for people to learn how to create particular games or applications using a linear approach sets the precedent for learning in 2019.
Learn from A to Z
Whilst the ClickFusion Academy provides a ton of tutorials, resources, examples and downloads for Clickteam Fusion 2.5, OneClick Training provide Step A to Step Z courses for particular game types and/or applications.
The Clickteam Fusion 2.5 courses here at OCT are designed with one goal in mind; to allow people to learn how to a) Approach b) Design and c) Develop.
Approach is to learn how to approach a particular game development, for example a Platformer game in Fusion 2.5. Design is for how to design and assemble the game assets to use for your development and Develop is to learn all the individual steps required to develop the game, ultimately ending up with a game or application you have built yourself, simply following the course.
Clickteam Fusion 2.5 Courses
There are many budding and enthusiastic developers who like to learn via Online Courses and this is where we specialise. All of our Clickteam Fusion courses are available to everyone and they all have a specific set of goals in mind for you to learn.
Each course will stipulate what you will achieve and what you will learn as you progress through the courses. Around 95% of our students complete their courses and leave reviews and personal messages stating how great the course was, from A to Z (which is fantastic news for us) as this is our primary goal of all our courses here at OCT.
Get browsing our courses today and start learning in a more linear fashion. They are available right now…


Skip to main content
Water Refilling Stations in the Philippines
In the Philippines, bottled water has established a major foothold. In some places, piped-water systems are lacking; in others, people are uncertain about biological contaminants, disinfection by-products from the chlorination process, taste, and odor.
Even in the capital Manila, only about three fourths of the population receives piped water from the municipal authority. Outside Manila far fewer people have access to clean water distribution. In both locations, these families must find alternate water sources if they are to avoid cholera epidemics and other health problems spawned by the foul, contaminated water available in their neighborhoods.
A solution has appeared in the thousands of water refilling stations that now dot the Philippine landscape. These shops began as privately-run community sources, where consumers would bring containers and fill them for a per-gallon fee that is a small fraction of commercially bottled water's cost. Demand is such that most stores now offer home delivery for regular customers.
Other shops are likely supplied by unauthorized or illegal deep well diggings. A proliferation of these private sources could have detrimental effects on groundwater reserves and subject them to contamination.
The government has accepted private water shops as a necessary weapon in the fight against waterborne disease and regulates their quality control practices and final product as much as possible. However, given the large number of shops, it is difficult to adequately monitor the entire industry.
Though many in the Philippines benefit from the availability of water shops, the system does not address the long-term water delivery and sanitation infrastructure improvements necessary to provide reliable water to all.
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text:
duplicates = new Duplicate[stringSize - 1];
Indeed gives you
stringSize - 1 is 4, like you say). How are you determining you're getting less?
I suspect you may be doing something like:
sizeof(duplicates) / sizeof(duplicates), and on an off-change getting one. The above code only works for statically allocated arrays, where
sizeof(duplicates) would match the size of the array, in bytes. In your case, it'll simply return the size of a pointer on your system. (
duplicates is a
And mandatory: Use
std::vector if this is "real" code.
Your debugger is doing the best it can. As far is it's concerned, you've merely got a pointer to some data. Consider:
duplicates_A = &foo; // points to one Duplicate
duplicates_B = new Duplicate; // points to memory containing 4 Duplicate's
void bar(Duplicate* p)
// is p a pointer to one value, or is it an array?
// we can't tell, and this is the same boat your debugger is in
How should the debugger, just given a pointer, know if it's pointing to an array or just one value? It cannot, safely. (It would have to determine, somehow, if the pointer was to an array, and the size of that array.)

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
bathotpix - locate and mask out hot pixels in a BAT detector image
bathotpix infile outfile
bathotpix locates hot pixels in a BAT detector plane image. Hot
pixels can be a source of noise in subsequent image processing steps,
and so should usually be excised.
This tool uses a histogram-based approach to locate the hottest and
coldest pixels in the image. Given a distribution of counts, the
"centermost" portion is selected as being good (the "keepfract"
amount). If keepfract is 0.98, then 98% of the detectors are selected
as good. The selection window is further enlarged by bands on either
side using the guardfract and guardval parameters. Values outside the
selection window are considered to be "cold" (too low) or "hot" (too
The output of the tool is a quality map of the same dimensions as the
detector image. Values stored in the map are determined by the
keywords below, but typically a value of 0 indicates a good pixel.
This mask can be input into downstream image processing stages. The
second extension, BADPIX, is a binary table containing a list of bad
Users can submit an existing detector mask using the detmask
parameter. Pixels with bad quality are ignored by bathotpix in
computing the distribution and selection windows. By default, the
input mask is logically AND'd with the result, so that the output is
the cumulative record of excised pixels. By default, BAT detector
gaps are also excised.
- infile [filename]
- Input file name containing a detector plane image.
- outfile [filename]
- Output detector mask image.
- (detmask = "NONE") [string]
- Input detector mask image. Pixels with bad quality are ignored in
the bathotpix analysis.
- (row = 1) [integer]
- Image number to process, where the first image is number 1. This
applies both to files with multiple image extensions (where 'row'
selects the extension number) and to files with one binary table
extension (where 'row' selects the table row).
- (keepfract = 0.98) [real]
- Fraction of non-zero detectors to select as good, initially.
- (guardfract = 0.25) [real]
- Fractional amount to enlarge initially selected detectors,
relative to the median value. A value of 0.25 indicates an
enlargement of 0.25 x the median on both sides of the distribution.
- (guardval = 5.0) [real]
- Further amount to enlarge the selection window, this time in
counts. This keyword is present for the case of an image with very
small dynamic range, where guardfract may be too small to be
- (applygaps = yes) [boolean]
- If yes, then positions of BAT detector gaps are excised.
- (mergemask = yes) [boolean]
- If yes, then the input mask is merged with the result before
writing to the output. If no, then only the pixels adjusted within
this run of bathotpix are written.
- (zerothresh = 20.0) [real]
- Threshold value. If the median is above zerothresh, then pixels
with zero are considered to be COLD. If the median is below
zerothresh, i.e. the total number of counts is very low, then pixels
with zero are considered to be okay.
- (goodval = 0) [integer]
- Value to be used in detector mask maps to indicate a good pixel.
- (badval = 1) [integer]
- Value to be used in detector mask maps to indicate a bad pixel, such
as a detector gap.
- (hotval = 1) [integer]
- Value to be used in detector mask maps to indicate a hot pixel.
- (coldval = 1) [integer]
- Value to be used in detector mask maps to indicate a cold pixel.
- (clobber = NO) [boolean]
- If the output file already exists, then setting "clobber = yes" will cause it to be overwritten.
- (chatter = 1) [integer, 0 - 5]
- Controls the amount of informative text written to standard
output. Setting chatter = 1 produces a basic summary and image
statistics; chatter = 2 (default) additionally prints a summary of
input parameters; chatter = 3 prints detailed information on which hot
and cold detectors; chatter = 5 prints debugging information.
- (history = YES) [boolean]
- If history = YES, then a set of HISTORY keywords will be written to
the header of the specified HDU in the output file to record the value
of all the task parameters that were used to produce the output
1. Locate hot pixels in a detector plane image
bathotpix image.dpi image.mask
2. Same as example 1, but an input mask is also supplied
bathotpix image.dpi image.mask detmask=apriori.mask


Take the 2-minute tour ×
Consider the Weierstrass cubic $$y^2z = x^3 + A\, xz^2+B\,z^3.$$ This defines a curve $E$ in $\mathbb{P}^2$, which if smooth is an elliptic curve with basepoint at $[0,1,0]$.
I'm interested in having an explicit description of the locus of $p$-torsion points of this curve, where $p$ is prime.
In fact, suppose $p\neq 3$. Then ideally I'd like to be able to find a curve $C$ in $\mathbb{P}^2$, given by an equation $f=0$ of degree $d=(p^2-1)/3$, so that the scheme $X=E\times_{\mathbb{P}^2} C$ is precisely the locus of points of exact order $p$.
Example: For $p=2$, it's well known that $f=y$ gives such a curve.
I'd like $f$ to be an expression which depends on $A$ and $B$; i.e., I want to do this over a generic part of the moduli stack. I would also like this expression to work in characteristic p; in this case, $X$ should turn out to be the "scheme representing Drinfeld level structures $\mathbb{Z}/p\to E$". (Edit: I'm particularly interested in families of curves which include supersingular curves.)
(My example curve $E$ is never smooth in characteristic $2$, but if you consider a more general Weierstrass form which is smooth in char. $2$, then you can find a degree $1$ curve $C$ which does what I ask. For instance, if $E: y^2z+A\,xyz+yz^2=x^3$, take $f=A\,x+2\,y+z$.)
So my questions are:
 1. Is it usually possible to find an equation $f=0$ such that $E\cap C$ is exactly the $p$-torsion? (Is this the same as asking that $X$ is a complete intersection?) Can you ever show it's not possible?
 2. Are there known methods for computing the locus of $p$-torsion points explicitly? Are there software packages which do this? (I'm aware there are ways to find explicit torsion points on elliptic curves defined over some field or number ring; I'm asking for something a little different, I think.)
 3. Have people carried out these sorts of computations for various small values of $p$ (even $p=5$), and are these computations described in print? (I'm probably most interested in this question.)
Warning: I am not an algebraic geometer or number theorist.
share|improve this question
3 Answers 3
That's not the best wikipedia page. "The division polynomials form an elliptic divisibility sequence." is mentioned well before the far more important "the roots of then'th division polynomial tell you the n-torsion in the curve".
share|improve this answer
PS finite flat group schemes are always complete intersections ;-) – Kevin Buzzard Mar 4 '10 at 16:56
Okay, I will look into that! I'm worried it's not what I want, though. The roots of the division polynomial $\psi_p$ are the $x$-coordinates of the $p$-torsion points, which means it degenerates in characteristic $p$ to something of smaller degree; it will never give the thing I want if the curve is supersingular, for instance. But since the algorithm seems to give a formula for $[n]:E\to E$, maybe I can get what I want out of it... – Charles Rezk Mar 4 '10 at 17:13
I'll tell you a formula for [n]:E-->E; it's [n-1]+[1]. This works even in characteristic $p$. I am wondering whether if you think hard enough about this trivial observation that it will solve your problems without actually having to do any computations... – Kevin Buzzard Mar 4 '10 at 17:27
To be honest, perhaps the main contribution of the answer is telling you what to google for, rather than anything else... – Kevin Buzzard Mar 4 '10 at 17:29
PS _USER_: I've just realised that I don't understand your comment earlier about degenerations. You absolutely want the p'th division polynomial to degenerate mod p, because in characteristic p the identity of the group (the point at infinity) is a root of the equation [p]P=0 with multiplicity at least p, and hence you want some of the roots of the polynomial to go off to infinity, which is exactly what is happening. – Kevin Buzzard Mar 4 '10 at 17:39
Since you asked about software, I'd just like to point out (if you don't know already) that SAGE (available at sagemath.org) can compute division polynomials easily. The commands
R. = PolynomialRing(GF(5))
E = EllipticCurve([A,B])
f = E.division_polynomial(5)
return the result
2*A*x^10 - A^2*B*x^5 + A^6 - 2*A^3*B^2 - B^4.
The warnings of the commenters apply; you must be cautious about interpreting the division polynomials. It is true that the roots of this polynomial give you the "physical" 5-torsion points of the elliptic curve in characteristic 5, but that's about all it says. The polynomial does not tell you, eg, the structure of the group scheme E[5] over the supersingular locus.
A little more helpful might be the formal group associated to this family:
G = E.formal_group()
which returns
2*A*t^5 + (2*A^6 - A^3*B^2 - B^4)*t^25 + O(t^30)
There's also a command G.group_law() whose output I'm not going to give here. Together these data give you the structure of E[5] over an infinitesimal neighborhood of the zero section of your elliptic curve over $\text{Spec}\mathbf{F}_5[A,B,\Delta^{-1}]$.
I'm a firm believer in explicit calculations as a means of developing intuition about algebro-geometric concepts. But by all means read Katz-Mazur :-).
share|improve this answer
Here is an attempt to answer my own question, using the "division polynomials" of Kevin's and Jared's answers. It is probably the maximally naive idea, and I do not claim it works, though it's not clear to me that it can't. I've community wiki-ed this answer, as it's probably junk anyway...
Fix $A,B\in \mathbb{Z}$, obtaining an elliptic curve $E$ over $S=Spec \mathbb{Z}[\Delta^{-1}]$, and a prime $p\geq 5$ not dividing the discriminant $\Delta=\Delta(A,B)$. The division polynomial $\psi_p(t)$ is supposed to be a polynomial of degree $d=(p^2-1)/2$ over $\mathbb{Z}$, whose roots are the values $t(P)=x(P)/z(P)$ as $P$ ranges over the points of exact order $p$ in $E$.
Turn $\psi_p$ into a homogeneous polynomial $g$ of degree $d$ in $\mathbb{Z}[x,y,z]$, so that $g(x,y,1)=\psi_p(x)$. The polynomial deterimes a curve $C=(g)$ in $P^2/S$, and thus a closed subscheme $D=E\cap C$ of $E$. Over $\mathbb{Z}[\Delta^{-1},p^{-1}]$, $D$ should consist of the points of exact order $p$ on $E$ (with multiplicity $1$), together with the basepoint of $E$ with multiplicity $d$.
Claim. $D$ is an effective Cartier divisor on $E/S$, of degree $3d$.
Proof. I don't know. I need to prove that $D\to S$ is flat, the main concern being the behavior over $\mathbb{Z}_{(p)}$. I don't even know if this is really plausible in general.
Let's pretend we somehow know $D$ is an effective Cartier divisor on $E$ relative to the base $S$. There is another relative Cartier divisor, namely $$ D' = E[p] \quad + \quad (d-1)[0]$$ where $E[p]$ is the $p$-torsion subgroup scheme of $E$, and $[0]$ is the degree one divisor of the basepoint of $E$. It seems clear that away from characteristic $p$, the divisors $D$ and $D'$ are equal. Equality of effective divisors on a smooth curve is a closed condition, so they should be equal over all of $S$.
The divisor I want is thus $D''=D-d[0]=D'-d[0]$ (which is still effective). Then it's really easy to find


text:
Guests who bought this also bought
EIN-O's Seed Bursts Box Kit
What is germination? What role does gravity play in seed germination? This Seed Bursts plant biology kit answers these questions and so many more. Additionally, it teaches the essential elements for germinating seeds -- all through fun, hands-on experiments that further the educational experience. With the Ein-O I Know Guide, young botanists will plant seeds and watch them germinate and learn what effect water, a warm environment and gravity have on the germination process. Includes blotting paper, cotton wool, flower pots, grow tube, growth ruler, magnifying glass, seed potter, nursery dish and a convenient plastic storage box. Collect all 4 plant biology kits! For ages 7+.
Busy hands build strong minds! Children are curious by nature and one of the best ways for them to learn is by asking "how does it work?" These Ein-O Box Kits set out to answer basic science hows and whys and to reinforce learning through hands-on exploration. By building problem-solving skills children develop a thirst for additional learning and educational experiences.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Fruit Tree Installation and Care
Yes, you can grow organic, heirloom fruit trees in your garden in the San Francisco Bay Area! Get started with this workshop for fruit tree beginners in which you learn the basics of organic fruit tree care for apples, pears and plums. As we dive into the world of organic fruit trees and organic fruit tree care, you will learn everything you need to know to care for your tree for the first year: how to plant your tree, irrigate properly, fertilize with organic fertilizer, manage pests organically and winter prune (summer pruning is covered in a separate class).
This workshop will cover both 'pome' fruits and 'stone' fruits (apples, pears and plums) and will discuss varieties of apples, pears and plums best suited for San Francisco. While this class is intended for beginners, our instructor Matthew Sutton founder of Orchard Keepers: Ecological Tree Care will be available to answer any and all advanced-topic questions. Space is limited, register online.
- Event Phone:
- Event e-mail:
- Event URL:
- Wheelchair Accessibility:


text:
Board member - Friends of the Earth
Volunteer status: No salary, reasonable travel expenses covered
Duration: initially 3 years – expected commitment of four board meetings per year plus annual away days
Location: Northern Ireland – usually 3 meetings are held in London and 2 outside London
As we strive to protect the environment and tackle the climate emergency at this critical time, we are seeking to appoint a Board member based in Northern Ireland to join the Friends of the Earth Board.
About Friends of the Earth
Friends of the Earth is a global environmental movement standing with anyone who cares about the world we live in. We work with local groups, experts, business leaders and politicians to campaign for change on a wide range of environmental issues. Over the course of Friends of the Earth's history, we have been at the forefront of exciting and crucial campaigns, from pioneering recycling in the 1980s to challenging road building in the 1990s, and more recently to standing up against fracking and plastic pollution. Our new campaigns are directed towards achieving urgent climate action in order to prevent catastrophic damage to our planet. Our organisational strategy highlights that, in order to do this, we must support and enable a wide range of communities across England, Wales and Northern Ireland. We are therefore looking to appoint someone with a strong understanding of Northern Ireland to complement existing board members based in England and Wales.
About the role
Sharing responsibility with other Board members, this role involves scrutiny of our strategy and its delivery. It includes overseeing the organisation in making a long-term, sustainable impact on the environment and helping ensure that a perspective from Northern Ireland is held within our governance structure. We are particularly interested in individuals who have expertise in senior leadership and/or financial experience.
The role involves the following key areas, working with fellow Board members under the direction of the Chair:
- Supporting and guiding the mission and values of Friends of the Earth
- Providing strategic direction and advice for the organisation
- Fulfilling legal responsibilities as a director under company law
- Fundraising, financial management and compliance
- Assessing risks and mitigating actions
- Supporting and constructively challenging our senior leadership team
Key skills and attributes
The key attributes for this role are:
- Strong interest in and commitment to Friends of the Earth's values and environmental goals
- Understanding of the socio-political landscape in Northern Ireland
- Based in Northern Ireland
The ideal candidate would hold some of or a combination of the following skills and experiences:
- Financial experience, including accountancy or a similar qualification
- Experience at the senior management level of organisational effectiveness and delivery in a large organisation (whether public, private or third sector)
- Governance / Board experience of medium to large organisations
- Experience of people management / human resources
- Understanding or experience of environmental protection in Northern Ireland
- Involvement with community action
Being a member of the Friends of the Earth Board is a highly rewarding experience and you'll play a vitally important role.
If you feel you have the skills required to add value to the Board and to help Friends of the Earth achieve its environmental objectives, then we invite you to send your CV, along with a supporting statement explaining how you could make a difference, to _EMAIL_
Applications will be reviewed up submission.
If invited to interview, we are happy to reimburse travel expenses.
Friends of the Earth is an equal opportunities employer and we welcome applications from all suitably qualified persons. We are keen to encourage applications from people currently under represented in the environment movement and on our Board, including BAME, disabled people and LGBTQI+ people.


text:
Topology Based Optimization of Suspension and Steering Mechanisms of Automobiles
MetadataShow full item record
This thesis proposes a kinematic based optimization of the characteristics of suspension and steering systems by focusing on their dynamics interaction. Two of the most important suspension mechanisms are modeled. A new approach based on combining transformation matrix and vector analysis is used resulting in less time and memory consumption during optimization. Modelling is verified by comparing the results with multi-body dynamics software. Further, the steering importance and its effects on the suspension are discussed, along with modelling and analysis of the rack and pinion steering mechanism. The optimization aims at the road holding and vehicle stability considering the effects of steering mechanism on the suspension. Therefore, the cost function is defined based on both steering and wheel travel. Moreover, the effect of wheel travel in different steering angles is shown to be important and has been considered in the cost function. In regards to some behaviors of the suspension, static constraints are defined and their importance is discussed. Lastly, case studies are presented to provide analysis and optimization of the suspension characteristics including steering error and track alterations. Optimization is performed to design suspensions for particular vehicle classification, such as, family cars and SUVs. The results show that optimization can be used to arrive at desired behaviors when the steering and suspension interaction is considered in the optimization.
Cite this version of the work
Reza Atashrazm (2015). Topology Based Optimization of Suspension and Steering Mechanisms of Automobiles. UWSpace. _URL_


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Checking WAEC result is been laid down into several ways, perhaps to Check WAEC Result without Scratch Card is one of it. That is why on this page you will learn it. Beside this processes where laid down by the West African Examinations Council, so it's not a trick to check WAEC Result without Scratch Card.
There are ONLY 2 methods to check waec result, whereby Pins are are even required. Meaning that you will still need the Scratch Card.
Why You Need The Waec result Scratch Card
- It savers as a protection to your result in the WAEC database
- Using the Scratch Card help control how user access the Result checking Portal
- Its a way of making money for the organization (WAEC Office)
Here are Ways to checking Result, NOT to Check WAEC Result without Scratch Card
I assume you all are mistaking the SMS method of checking WAEC result as a way to Check WAEC Result without Scratch Card. Well if that is what you are thinking, then its wrong because checking your result via SMS also needs PIN Number of the Scratch Card (although no serial number is required)
- Send SMS in the format below:
To short-code 32327 (MTN, Celtel & Glo subscribers)
- For example -:
Ensure you adhere strictly to the format above. There should be no space in the message.
- Wait for your result to be delivered to your phone via SMS. (SMS Cost N30 Only)
But Checking WAEC Results Online – You use this method
You can either use mobile phone or PC to do this, as long as its connected to the internet.
- Logon to _URL_
- Enter your 10-digit WAEC Examination Number.
(This is your 7-Digit centre number followed by your 3-digit candidate number eg. _PHONE_)
- Enter the 4 digits of your Examination Year eg. 2002
- Select the Type of Examination
- Enter the Card Serial Number found on the reverse side of your Scratch card.
- Enter the Personal Identification Number (PIN) on your Scratch card
- Click Submit and wait for the results window to come up
However, there are things you should know about which never exist, that is;
- to check waec result without examination number
- to check waec result without scratch card pin or serial number
- to check results without spending money or credit
This is because you MOST need the follow to successfully check your waec result online or SMS;
- Examination Number – Your Exam number make you look unique from others, that is why no one can have same exam number (only by error).
- Examination Year – You providing the year you wrote exam will enable the database to locate your results and other vital information about you.
- Type of Examination – WAEC conducts different types of exam, like GCE, SSEC, etc. That is why providing the type of exam you had participated also help getting your data from the WAEC portal.
Card Serial Number


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Pub. date: 2010 | Online Pub. Date: November 23, 2010 | DOI: 10.4135/9781412959193 | Print ISBN: 9781412959186 | Online ISBN: 9781412959193| Publisher:SAGE Publications, Inc.About this encyclopedia
Abolitionism, according to Stanley Cohen, is a critical thinking movement about criminology, crime, punishment, and criminal law that has been developing in Western Europe since the early 1970s. John Muncie characterizes abolitionism as a knowledge-based movement that seeks to move beyond the essentialist ideas of crime, criminality, and criminal justice to facilitate new critical insights and alternative visions of justice.11 The impetus of the abolitionist movement was dissatisfaction with current crime and criminal justice policy. This discontent was not only with the basic assumptions of criminal justice policies but also with the concrete consequences of criminal justice functioning, according to Louk Hulsman. Abolitionism is based heavily on deconstructionist impulses in the form of the questioning of dominant criminal justice theories and practices. There is no concrete definition of abolitionism. To some, abolition requires doing away with the entire criminal justice system and to others abolition implies the end of penal...


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- A State Historic Preservation Officer (SHPO), a Tribal Historic Preservation Officer (THPO), a Federal Preservation Officer (FPO), a scholar, a private owner, or an interested member of the general public, writes a letter of inquiry to the National Park Service.
- NHL staff review the letter to determine if the property appears to meet the criteria for an NHL. If the property has the potential to become an NHL, the staff provides the preparer with detailed guidance as the nomination is written.
- Working with the preparer, staff from the National Historic Landmarks program edit and review the nomination.
- Subject matter experts and scholars from across the nation review the nomination. Their suggestions and assessments are incorporated into the nomination.
- The Landmarks Committee reviews the nomination before making a recommendation to the National Park System Advisory Board.
- The National Park System Advisory Board reviews the nomination before making a recommendation to the Secretary of the Interior.
- The nomination is submitted to the Secretary of the Interior.
- The Secretary considers the recommendations and decides whether or not to designate the property as a National Historic Landmark.
photograph by photoholic1 via Flickr
Roseway (Schooner), MA: This wooden two-masted schooner, built in 1925, is the only known survivor of a type of vessel developed specifically to compete in yearly international races of fishing boats. In 1941, Roseway became a pilot boat in Boston, and during World War II served as a patrol vessel manned by the Coast Guard Reserve.


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The complement fixation test is like a Wassermann reaction, but the antigen should be polyvalent.
The Committee made inquiries from competent witnesses as to the present position of the complement fixation test in gonorrhœa.
At a later period, however, the complement fixation test is almost invariably positive.
complement-fixation test n.
An immunological test for determining the presence of a particular antibody in which serum is treated in a manner that allows existing antibodies to accept and bind to a known amount of antigen. If binding occurs the presence of the antibody is verified and its concentration in the serum can be calculated based on the amount of antigen added to the system.


Friday, February 01, 2008
Ed and Edd, But Not Eddy
Ed and Edd decided to build competing roller coasters. Ed built his roller coaster 40 feet high that will travel down on a straight slope. Edd built his roller coaster 40 feet high, but his travels down a curved slope (steep at the beginning, levels out at the end with no bumps).
If both cars are released at the same time (they cars are identical), which one will arrive at the bottom first?
 1. curved slope will win
 2. The curved slope will win because you will pick up more speed at the beginning.
 3. mike - are you sure about this? I spent a lot of time considering this (this happens to be right up my alley, as you may know by now), and I think I may disagree. you do in fact get more speed at the beginning, but you have a greater distance to travel, since you have to travel the length of the line, and if the line is curved, it will be longer (i.e. the shortest distance between two points is a straight line).
 Consider the following extreme example. Let's say that your "curved line" consists of a vertical drop for the full height, then a flat line going to the end, while the "straight line" coaster is just a linear slope between the start and end. We'll say that it's 45 degrees for simplicity (that is, length=height=h). If you crunch the numbers, it comes out that it takes slightly longer to get to the end of the "curved" coaster, unless I made a mistake.
 "Straight Line"
 distance to travel = d = h*sqrt(2)
 acceleration = a = g cos(theta) = g/sqrt(2)
 d = h*sqrt(2) = (1/2)*a*t^2
 t = 2*sqrt(h/g)
 "Curved Line"
 First Leg:
 distance = d = h
 acceleration = a = g
 d = h = 1/2*a*t1^2
 t1 = sqrt(2*h/g)
 final velocity = v = sqrt(2*g*h)
 Second Leg:
 distance = d = h
 acceleration = a = 0
 d = v*t2
 t2 = d/v = h/sqrt(2*g*h) = sqrt(h/(2*g))
 t = t1+t2 = (sqrt(2)+sqrt(1/2))*sqrt(h/g)
 since (sqrt(2)+sqrt(1/2))>2, the "curved" scenario takes longer, by my figuring. Anyway, it seems like this would hold true for all similar scenarios if it held true for this case, but I'm not sure about it.
 I bet this was a lot more than you bargained for on this question...sorry.
 4. As usual for me, I'm not sure. It's going to take me some time to figure this one out.
 At first glance, I would think it would matter how far you are dropping. Off the top of my head (I haven't worked my way through your math, yet) I can definitely see there would be a tipping point where the straight line would catch up to the curved line, but for a short drop, the curved line (I would think) would win.
 And, if there is a tipping point, I wonder what that would be.
 And, that all supposes that I'm right about the quick pick-up of speed.
 Let me work through your math and see what I can see.
 5. Alright, after trying my hand at some algebra, I think I came up with time on a curved track is (sqrt(2) + sqrt(2))*sqrt(h/g) which is bigger than time on a straight track 2*sqrt(h/g).
 If either of us is doing the math correctly, the straight line wins.
 Sorry about that.
 6. it's ok. I'm going to actually look at some Hamiltonian / Lagrangian techniques and see if I can solve this definitively with calculus of variations. you've piqued my curiosity. I'll get back to you.
 7. Mike,
 I crunched the numbers on one that slopes just a little more sharply than a straight line, then levels off at the bottom, and it is indeed faster. If you slope just a little more at the first, it is faster, but the extreme case I gave is slower, which means there is some maximization curve which will do it in the fastest time. Anyway, good question, even if you didn't realize it at the time ;-)
 9. Wow, that was totally not obvious to me. Very interesting though.
 I really wish I could say I knew it all along, but I'm guessing everyone here would know better by now!
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The Lamplight Manor Puzz 3-D


reddit':subreddit, 'comments':commentTree})
return product
Scraper v5 - Multiprocessing
Our program is functionally complete at this point. However, it runs a bit slowly because all the work is done serially by a single process. We can improve the performance by handling the posts by multiple processes using the Process and Manager objects from the multiprocessing library.
The first thing we need to do is to rename the parsePosts function and make it handle only a single post. To do that, we're simply going to remove the for statement. We also need to change the function parameters a little bit. Instead of passing our original product object, we'll pass a list object to append the results obtained by the current process.
scraper.py (v5 - partial)
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def parsePost(post, results):
time = post.find('time')['datetime']
date = datetime.strptime(time[:19], '%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S')
title = post.find('a', {'class':'search-title'}).text
score = post.find('span', {'class':'search-score'}).text
score = int(re.match(r'[+-]?\d+', score).group(0))
author = post.find('a', {'class':'author'}).text
subreddit = post.find('a', {'class':'search-subreddit-link'}).text
commentsTag = post.find('a', {'class':'search-comments'})
url = commentsTag['href']
numComments = int(re.match(r'\d+', commentsTag.text).group(0))
commentTree = {} if numComments == 0 else parseComments(url)
results.append({'title':title, 'url':url, 'date':str(date), 'score':score,
'author':author, 'subreddit':subreddit, 'comments':commentTree})
results is actually a multiprocessing.managers.ListProxy object that we can use to accumulate the output generated by all processes. We'll later convert it to a regular list and save it in our product. Our main script will now look like as follows:
scraper.py (v5 - partial)
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if __name__ == '__main__':
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
parser.add_argument('--keyword', type=str, help='keyword to search')
parser.add_argument('--subreddit', type=str, help='optional subreddit restriction')
parser.add_argument('--date', type=str, help='optional date restriction (day, week, month or year)')
args = parser.parse_args()
if args.subreddit == None:
searchUrl = SITE_URL + 'search?q="' + args.keyword + '"'
else:
searchUrl = SITE_URL + 'r/' + args.subreddit + '/search?q="' + args.keyword + '"&restrict_sr=on'
if args.date == 'day' or args.date == 'week' or args.date == 'month' or args.date == 'year':
searchUrl += '&t=' + args.date
try:
product = json.load(open('product.json'))
except FileNotFoundError:
print('WARNING: Database file not found. Creating a new one...')
product = {}
print('Search URL:', searchUrl)
posts = getSearchResults(searchUrl)
print('Started scraping', len(posts), 'posts.')
keyword = args.keyword.replace(' ', '-')
results = Manager().list()
jobs = []
for post in posts:
job = Process(target=parsePost, args=(post, results))
jobs.append(job)
job.start()
for job in jobs:
job.join()
product[keyword] = list(results)
with open('product.json', 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
json.dump(product, f, indent=4, ensure_ascii=False)
This simple technique alone will greatly speed-up the performance. For instance when I perform a search involving 163 posts in my machine, the serial version of the program takes 150 seconds to execute, corresponding to approximately 1 post per second. On the other hand, the parallel version only takes 15 seconds to execute (~10 posts per second) which is 10x faster.
You can check out the complete source code on Github. Also, make sure to subscribe to get updates on my future articles.


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CoreLogic examines what is driving the rise in occupancy fraud in its 2023 Annual Mortgage Fraud Report
Mortgage fraud occurs when a borrower intentionally misrepresents information on a loan application. From false information regarding borrower income, employment, assets, and debt to fraudulently stating the intended occupancy of the property, loan officers and financial institutions have a lot to consider when proactively identifying fraud.
According to the CoreLogic® 2023 Annual Mortgage Fraud Report, an estimated 1 out of every 134 mortgage applications had indications of fraud in Q2 2023.
Among the various types of mortgage fraud, occupancy fraud is becoming increasingly prevalent. The most common type of occupancy fraud occurs when a borrower states on a loan application that they intend to live in a property but instead they use the property as an investment.
One motivation spurring this type of fraud is an attempt to obtain better loan terms than would normally be available for an investment home. Generally, programs, pricing, and underwriting guidelines are more favorable on owner-occupied properties.
Occupancy fraud rose 11.8% from Q2'22 to Q2'23
Mortgage lenders struggle with occupancy fraud because it's easier to spot after it already happens. However, proactively detecting this type of fraud is especially consequential at a time of increasing repurchase risk. Loan buyback rates have increased annually since 2020. Repurchase rates in the first quarter of 2023 are up 759% compared with the same period of 2020.
According to a study published in early 2023 by the Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia, investment volumes varied between 2005 and 2017, but fraudulent investors (i.e., those committing occupancy fraud) consistently made up roughly one-third of the total pool of investors.
The share of investor purchases has surged since 2021. Today's investors are becoming more likely to operate on a smaller scale, only owning three to nine properties. As a result, it's not surprising that reports of occupancy fraud rates have increased since the pandemic.
The pandemic caused low occupancy fraud in 2020, but recent evidence suggests that the rate has since increased. The CoreLogic 2023 Annual Mortgage Fraud Report found that occupancy fraud in Q2 2023 is up 11.8% from a year prior. Similarly, the Fannie Mae Financial Crimes team's Aug. 11, 2023 update reported that among all loans with mortgage fraud investigative findings, the percentage of loans with occupancy fraud increased from 10% in 2020 and 2021 to 19% in 2022.
CoreLogic's Science and Analytics team recently analyzed trends in suspected occupancy fraud. The researchers compared where borrowers stated they lived on mortgage loan applications to public records after the loan was approved. If there were differences, it could mean the borrowers lied about living in the property they bought. For example, researchers flagged loans where a borrower claimed during mortgage loan origination that a property would be their primary residence, but post-closing public records identified the property as an investment owned by the initial borrower.
The percentage of suspect occupancy loans in the analyzed population has nearly tripled since 2020. Rates of potential misrepresentation among purchase loans are higher than refinances, but both have shown an increase.
Loans involving multi-unit properties were the most likely to involve potential occupancy fraud, followed by jumbo and FHA loans. Lower risk was associated with VA loans.
Lower interest rates may be a motivation to commit occupancy fraud. The average application interest rate on loans suspected of occupancy fraud is consistently lower than the average rate for legitimate investment loans, which decreases overall mortgage payments.
Occupancy fraud is a challenging issue that appears to be growing in the current market. However, time will tell if instances of this type of fraud will stay high once interest rates start to decrease.
It is easier to identify fraud after the fact than it is to prevent it. This can leave lenders at risk of repurchase. Rather than being left in the dark, lenders should understand fraud trends. Keep up with CoreLogic's quarterly mortgage fraud reports and review existing processes using tools like CoreLogic's LoanSafe to help mitigate increasing risk.


Upcoming seminar
Back to lecturers
Anne Kathrine Frandsen
Anne Kathrine Frandsen, architect, Ph.D. and researcher at the Danish Building Research Institute, Department of Construction and Health, Aalborg University, Denmark
Anne Kathrine Frandsen is a researcher studying the therapeutic potential of architecture. She is one of the main authors of the report 'Healing Architecture', a comprehensive scientific literature review of the impact of the physical surroundings on patients' healing, including the architectural significance for reducing stress and optimizing comfort for patients, their families and staff.
Participated in the following seminars


text:
- Original (pdf) 50 kB
ISPRS 2001 Mars Cartography using MOLA Control
The stereo photogrammetric observable equations are presented relating control point image location to camera distortions, camera pointing, spacecraft position, Mars-fixed areocentric control point location, and Mars parameters such as spin axis direction, spin rate and prime meridian location. The use of these equations in a minimum variance, least squares, block adjustment process are describes to add both horizontal and vertical control to the image data using Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) Mars Orbiter Laser Altimetry data. An example is presented locating Viking Lander 1 (VL-1) on the surface of Mars in Mars-fixed coordinates using overlapping, stereo Viking Orbiter images and MOLA data surrounding the VL-1 site.
- T. Duxbury
- Added to Astropedia
- 15 May 2012
- 9 July 2013
- Geospatial Data Presentation Form


text:
Nonlinear Air Acoustics.
Final rept. 1 Feb 71-31 Dec 72,
TEXAS UNIV AUSTIN APPLIED RESEARCH LABS
Pagination or Media Count:
Basic research on nonlinear acoustics in air was performed during calendar years 1971 and 1972. The projects described in this report are as follows Saturation of acoustic waves directional beams of intense sound diffraction of N waves focusing of N waves by a spherical mirror propagation of intense periodic waves in a tube propagation of finite-amplitude noise propagation of intense acoustic signals through the earths atmosphere parametric acoustic array in air and, parametric reception.


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What is concrete written language? It is writing that is full of words that represent things we can see, hear, taste, touch and smell. We can see clouds. We can hear sirens. We can taste beer. We can touch the skin. We can smell perfume. See what I mean?
Concrete language is the opposite of vague language.
When a writer uses too much vague language, the writing loses impact. This is why it is better to show emotion then it is to tell the reader what emotion one or more characters are feeling.
If a character is in love, don't tell the reader that the character is in love. Show that the character is in love. And how does a writer show that a character is in love? There are several ways. Through the character's mannerisms, actions and dialogue. And when a writer does this, that writer's character will come alive for the reader because the reader will be able to see and hear that the character is in love.
That is much more satisfying for a reader than the writer telling the reader that the character is in love. Concrete language = show don't tell writing.
My Ebook of show don't tell fiction is ready for download on the Home Page of this blog.


text:
|Peking Duck sliced and prepared|
|Literal meaning||Beijing Roast Duck|
The dish is prized for the thin, crisp skin, with authentic versions of the dish serving mostly the skin and little meat, sliced in front of the diners by the cook. Ducks bred specially for the dish are slaughtered after 65 days and seasoned before being roasted in a closed or hung oven. The meat is eaten with pancakes, scallion, and hoisin sauce or sweet bean sauce. The two most notable restaurants in Beijing which serve this dish are Quanjude and Bianyifang, two centuries-old establishments which have become household names.
Duck has been roasted in China since the Southern and Northern Dynasties. A variation of roast duck was prepared for the Emperor of China in the Yuan Dynasty. The dish, originally named "Shaoyazi" (燒鴨子), was mentioned in the Complete Recipes for Dishes and Beverages (飲膳正要) manual in 1330 by Hu Sihui (忽思慧), an inspector of the imperial kitchen. The Peking Roast Duck that came to be associated with the term was fully developed during the later Ming Dynasty, and by then, Peking Duck was one of the main dishes on imperial court menus. The first restaurant specialising in Peking Duck, Bianyifang, was established in the Xianyukou, Qianmen area of Beijing in 1416.
By the Qianlong Period (1736–1796) of the Qing Dynasty, the popularity of Peking Duck spread to the upper classes, inspiring poetry from poets and scholars who enjoyed the dish. For instance, one of the verses of Duan Zhu Zhi Ci, a collection of Beijing poems was, "Fill your plates with roast duck and suckling pig". In 1864, the Quanjude (全聚德) restaurant was established in Beijing. Yang Quanren (楊全仁), the founder of Quanjude, developed the hung oven to roast ducks. With its innovations and efficient management, the restaurant became well known in China, introducing the Peking Duck to the rest of the world.
By the mid-20th century, Peking Duck had become a national symbol of China, favored by tourists and diplomats alike. For example, Henry Kissinger, the Secretary of State of the United States, met Premier Zhou Enlai in the Great Hall of the People on July 10, during his first visit to China. After a round of inconclusive talks in the morning, the delegation was served Peking Duck for lunch, which became Kissinger's favourite. The Americans and Chinese issued a joint statement the following day, inviting President Richard Nixon to visit China in 1972. Peking Duck was hence considered one of the factors behind the rapprochement of the United States to China in the 1970s. Following Zhou's death in 1976, Kissinger paid another visit to Beijing to savor Peking Duck. Peking Duck, at the Quanjude in particular, has also been a favorite dish for various political leaders ranging from Cuban revolutionary Fidel Castro to former German chancellor Helmut Kohl.
Raising the duck
The ducks used to prepare Peking Duck originated in Nanjing. They were small, had black feathers, and lived in the canals around the city linking major waterways. With the relocation of the Chinese capital to Beijing, supply barge traffic increased in the area. Often these barges would spill grain into the canals, providing food for the ducks. By the Five Dynasties, the new species of duck had been domesticated by Chinese farmers. Nowadays, Peking Duck is prepared from the Pekin duck (Anas platyrhynchos domestica). Newborn ducks are raised in a free range environment for the first 45 days of their lives, and force fed 4 times a day for the next 15–20 days, resulting in ducks that weigh 5–7 kg (11–15 lbs). The force feeding of the ducks led to an alternate name for the dish, Peking Stuffed Duck (simplified Chinese: 北京填鸭; traditional Chinese: 北京填鴨; pinyin: běijīng tián yā).
Fattened ducks are slaughtered, plucked, eviscerated and rinsed thoroughly with water. Air is pumped under the skin through the neck cavity to separate the skin from the fat. The duck is then soaked in boiling water for a short while before it is hung up to dry. While it is hung, the duck is glazed with a layer of maltose syrup, and the inside is rinsed once more with water. Having been left to stand for 24 hours, the duck is roasted in an oven until it turns shiny brown.
Peking Duck is traditionally roasted in either a closed oven or hung oven. The closed oven is built of brick and fitted with metal griddles (Chinese: 箅子; pinyin: bì zi). The oven is preheated by burning Gaoliang sorghum straw (Chinese: 秫秸; pinyin: shú jiē) at the base. The duck is placed in the oven immediately after the fire burns out, allowing the meat to be slowly cooked through the convection of heat within the oven.
The hung oven was developed in the imperial kitchens during the Qing Dynasty and adopted by the Quanjude restaurant chain. It is designed to roast up to 20 ducks at the same time with an open fire fueled by hardwood from peach or pear trees. The ducks are hung on hooks above the fire and roasted at a temperature of 270 °C (525 °F) for 30–40 minutes. While the ducks are cooking, the chef may use a pole to dangle each duck closer to the fire for 30 second intervals. Almost every part of a duck can be cooked. The Quanjude Restaurant even served their customers the "All Duck Banquet" in which they cooked the bones of ducks with vegetables.
The cooked Peking Duck is traditionally carved in front of the diners and served in three stages. First, the skin is served dipped in sugar and garlic sauce. The meat is then served with steamed pancakes (simplified Chinese: 春饼; traditional Chinese: 春餅; pinyin: chūn bǐng), spring onions and sweet bean sauce. Several vegetable dishes are provided to accompany the meat, typically cucumber sticks. The diners spread sauce, and optionally sugar, over the pancake. The pancake is wrapped around the meat with the vegetables and eaten by hand. The remaining fat, meat and bones may be made into a broth, served as is, or the meat chopped up and stir fried with sweet bean sauce. Otherwise, they are packed up to be taken home by the customers.
Whole Peking Ducks can be ordered as takeaways. The ducks can be reheated at home with an oven, grill or boiling oil. When an oven is used, the duck is heated at a temperature of 150 °C (300 °F) for 20 minutes, and then at 160 °C (325 °F) for another 10 minutes. The grilling method involves filling the duck with boiling water before placing it on a griddle, 70 cm (28 in) above the cooking fire. The boiling water is replaced every 3–4 minutes until the duck's skin is piping hot. To reheat the Peking Duck with oil, the duck is sliced into thin pieces and placed in a strainer held over a wok of boiling oil. The duck is then rinsed several times with the oil.
Notable restaurants
A number of restaurants in Beijing specialise in Peking Duck. Examples include Quanjude, Bianyifang, Changan Yihao (長安一號), Beijing Xiaowangfu (北京小王府) and Dadong Kaoyadian (大董烤鴨店). Some restaurants, in particular Quanjude and Bianyifang, have long histories of serving high quality duck that they are now household names, or laozihao (老字號), literally "old brand name". In addition, Quanjude has received worldwide recognition, having been named a China Renowned Trademark in 1999. Duck Chang's Restaurant, established in 1975 in Virginia, USA, was the first Chinese restaurant to prepare and serve Peking Duck without a 24 hour advanced notice.
Crispy aromatic duck
See also
- Chinese cuisine
- Mandarin cuisine
- Pekin duck, which is the animal used for Peking Duck, and, which is also served as "Long Island duck" in the USA
- Peking duck, the popular playground game
- Roast goose
- Zhangcha duck
- Peking Duck, Chinatown Connection 2005. Retrieved 18 May 2010.
- "品味北京五大百年名吃 (500 year old delicacies of Beijing)". Xingchen Food Network (in Traditional Chinese). China News Information Centre. 2006-09-22. Retrieved 2007-09-10.
- "北京特產 (Specialties of Beijing)" (in Traditional Chinese). Xinhua. 2004-04-08. Retrieved 2007-09-10.
- "Slicing through the secrets of Peking Duck". Adelaide Review. 2005. Retrieved 2007-09-10.
- "Peking duck". Encyclopædia Britannica.
- "A Cultural Classic: Peking Duck". Globe Trekker.
- "History of the Peking Duck". SilkRoad. Archived from the original on 2007-08


The VBScript Network and Systems Administrator's Cafe » working with arrays _URL_ Tue, 19 Nov 2013 19:51:34 +0000 en-US hourly 1 VBScript Statements: Explanation of the For Each … Next Statement _URL_ _URL_ Wed, 02 Jul 2008 00:06:14 +0000 Jerry Lees _URL_ The For Each Next statement combination is very useful for situations where you need to loop through a piece of code a specific number of times, just like the For Next statement, except that you may not even know at run time how many items you need to loop through.
This particular variation of the For Next statement is particularly helpful when iterating through arrays, objects, or collections– cases where you may not know how many items are in the object or collection with out going through them first. (Which would be a waste of resources)

You can use Exit For statements to exit out of a For Each Next loop, if you need to check for a condition inside the loop.
Here is an example of a For Each Next statement:
ReDim Collection(2)
Collection(0) = "Test"
Collection(1) = "Test 2″
Collection(2) = "Test 3″
For Each Item in Collection
 wscript.echo item
next
]]>
_URL_ 0
VBScript Statements: Explanation of the Erase statement _URL_ _URL_ Fri, 20 Jun 2008 15:19:51 +0000 Jerry Lees _URL_ The VBScript Erase statement is used to erase all the values of an array, but keep the array size and dimensions intact.
 This is useful when you re-use an array and you want to ensure the values inside an array have truely been cleared and no old data is left in the array.
For example, the following would print a blank line:
Redim Bob(10)
Bob(1) = "Rickky Bobby"
Erase Bob
Wscript.echo Bob(1)
]]>
_URL_ 0


text:
What influences a child to choose a career on the family farm, and when is that decision made? A new University of Illinois study of pre-teen farm youth suggests that the foundations for this life choice are set early and that maternal influence, rather than paternal expectations, may be key.
Although previous studies have focused on high-school-aged youth, Angela Wiley's training in child development led her to believe farm kids would be influenced toward or against farming earlier than that. "Research implies that an important life decision such as this would be rooted in the early activities, education, and relationships of farm children," she says.
Wiley, an assistant professor in human development and family studies, surveyed 40 farm children aged 10 to 13 and also interviewed their parents. She found that children who did more work at home were more likely to plan to farm, that mothers had more influence than fathers on farm children's future plans, and that perceptions of parental worry over the family farm's future also affected children.
"Mothers have a strong influence on farm children. It may be that children, as they work around the house, have more opportunity to take in their mother's attitudes toward farming. If she is positive about farming as a career choice and a lifestyle, it may affect the child's later decision," Wiley says.
Although farm parents were careful to keep anxiety about the farm operation from their children, Wiley's respondents picked up on it anyway. If they believed their parents were worried about the farm, there was a "let-me-make-it-better" effect, says Wiley, that led the children to plan to continue in the family business.
"They seem to have taken on a sense of responsibility from an early age that this is a family endeavor and I need to do my part," Wiley says. "Their plans to farm later may be an attempt to ease their parents' worries and to ensure the continuance of the family enterprise."
Wiley says parents are finding time to talk and be with their children. And this investment is likely to pay off in the future not only in terms of children's development and adjustment, but also in terms of the viability of family farms, she concludes.


Home Chemistry Benzene Exposure And Diabetes: What You Need To Know
Benzene Exposure And Diabetes: What You Need To Know
PPT Benzene PowerPoint Presentation ID3848472
Introduction
Benzene is a chemical that is commonly found in industrial settings. It is used in the production of plastics, rubber, and other materials. Unfortunately, exposure to benzene has been linked to a number of health problems, including diabetes. In this article, we will explore the link between benzene exposure and diabetes.
What is Diabetes?
Diabetes is a chronic disease that affects how your body processes glucose, a type of sugar. If you have diabetes, your body either doesn't produce enough insulin, or it can't use the insulin it produces effectively. This leads to high levels of glucose in your blood, which can cause a number of health problems over time.
How is Benzene Exposure Linked to Diabetes?
Studies have shown that exposure to benzene can increase your risk of developing diabetes. This is because benzene can interfere with the production and function of insulin in your body. In addition, benzene exposure can also lead to inflammation and oxidative stress, which can further increase your risk of developing diabetes.
Symptoms of Benzene Exposure
If you have been exposed to benzene, you may experience a number of symptoms. These can include headaches, dizziness, nausea, and skin irritation. In severe cases, benzene exposure can also lead to cancer and other serious health problems.
Preventing Benzene Exposure
If you work in an industry where you may be exposed to benzene, it is important to take steps to protect yourself. This can include wearing protective clothing and equipment, working in a well-ventilated area, and following proper safety protocols.
Treating Diabetes
If you have been diagnosed with diabetes, it is important to work with your healthcare provider to manage your condition. This can include making changes to your diet and lifestyle, taking medication as prescribed, and monitoring your blood sugar levels regularly.
Conclusion
Benzene exposure can have serious health consequences, including an increased risk of developing diabetes. If you work in an industry where you may be exposed to benzene, it is important to take steps to protect yourself. If you have been diagnosed with diabetes, it is important to work with your healthcare provider to manage your condition and reduce your risk of complications.


pylint #8961 tell pylint about dynamic attributes [open]
here is a discussion about how we could tell pylint about dynamic attributes:
Duncan:
Presumably something like the following could work.
class MyClass(object):
 # pylint: dynamic-attributes = foo, bar, baz
 def __init__(self, **kwargs):
 for key, val in kwargs.iteritems():
 setattr(self, key, value)
Maarteen update:
I would prefer to have a way to tell pylint that a class has dynamic attributes without explicitly naming the attributes. In the best case explicitly naming the attributes is duplicating information, in the worst case it is not even possible to name the attributes since they might be different for different executions of the program (read from a user-provided data file, for example).
A possible syntax for this would be similar to what you proposed, but with a slightly different comment:
# pylint: dynamic-attributes
or with a wildcard filter:
# pylint: dynamic-attributes = *
or with a regex filter:
# pylint: dynamic-attributes = .*
or similar to existing warning-suppression syntax:
# pylint: disable-msg=E1101
In the last case, this suppression should not suppress warnings from code inside the class, but from code outside the class accessing attributes on the class.
What would be even handier would be to specify the name of a python list or dict where the list members or keys are the attribute names. Of course this would need to be a class attribute, not an instance attribute. For example:
class MyClass(object):
 attrs = ['foo', 'bar', 'baz']
 # pylint: dynamic-attributes = attrs
 def __init__(self):
 for attr in self.__class__.attrs:
 setattr(self, attr, 'some value')
For the case that attributes are defined outside the class and passed in to __init__ I can not think of a way to handle that one.
Paul update:
What would be even handier would be to specify the name of a python list or dict where the list members or keys are the attribute names. Of course this would need to be a class attribute, not an instance attribute. For example:
class MyClass(object):
 attrs = ['foo', 'bar', 'baz']
 # pylint: dynamic-attributes = attrs
 def __init__(self):
 for attr in self.__class__.attrs:
 setattr(self, attr, 'some value')
For the case that attributes are defined outside the class and passed in to __init__ I can not think of a way to handle that one.
prioritynormal
typeenhancement
done in<not specified>
load1.000
load left1.000
closed by<not specified>


text:
- The expression translates to 7 + −4.
Reminder: The AND keyword translates to mean "plus" because the leading keyword is SUM OF. With other leading keywords (discussed in the following sections), AND can mean other things. Also notice that you do not simplify the expression and get "3" for the answer because you are just translating words into symbols and not performing the math.
Two other keywords on the addition keyword list, PLUS and INCREASED BY, can be correctly translated by the direct translation strategy. In the direct translation strategy, you translate each word into its corresponding algebraic symbol, one at a time, in the same order as written, as shown in Example 4.
Example 4: Translate the following: a number increased by twenty‐four
- The expression translates to x + 24.
Some additional keywords, such as GAIN, MORE, INCREASE OF, and RAISE, are commonly found in story problems, as in Example 5.
Example 5: Translate the following story problem into a mathematical expression about the weight of the linebacker: The defensive linebacker weighed two hundred twenty‐two pounds at the beginning of spring training. He had a gain of seventeen pounds after working out with the team for four weeks.
- The expression translates to 222 + 17.
Note: Not all numbers mentioned in a word problem should be included in the mathematical expression. The number "four" is just interesting fact, but it is not information you need in order to write an expression about the linebacker's weight.
You may also be wondering why the answer isn't 239 pounds. That's because the question asks you to translate the story problem into a mathematical expression, not to evaluate the expression.
Example 6: Translate the following word problem into a mathematical expression about the cashier's current hourly wage: A cashier at the corner grocery was earning $6.25 an hour. He received a raise of 25 cents an hour.
- The expression translates to 6.25 + 0.25.
Note: The hourly wage is stated in dollars, and the raise is stated in cents. Any time you are adding two numbers that have units, make sure both numbers are measured with the same units; if they aren't, convert one of the numbers to the same units as the other. Having both numbers measured with the same units is called homogeneous units. In this example, you convert his raise, the 25 cents, to $0.25 because his hourly wage is measured in dollars, not cents, so the raise must also be in dollars.
Subtraction keywords also include leading keywords, keywords that can be translated one word at a time, and keywords that are found in story problems. Look at the following list of subtraction keywords:
- DIFFERENCE BETWEEN _____ AND _____
One subtraction keyword (DIFFERENCE BETWEEN) is a two‐part expression that begins with a leading keyword that defines the corresponding AND. You can use the same methods of underlining and circling the keywords shown in the preceding section to translate these expressions.
Example 7: Translate the following: the difference between four and six
Here is how you translate Example 7:


How to remove undefined index error in php
How can remove Undefined offset error in php?
This error means that within your code, there is an array and its keys. But you may be trying to use the key of an array which is not set. The error can be avoided by using the isset() method.
What is undefined index in PHP?
Definition: Undefined index error; this happens when you try and reference a variable or in this instance an element of an array that hasn't been given state/value yet.
How do you solve undefined?
We learned that a numerical expression is undefined when there is no answer or when you get division by zero. We might get division by zero for those numerical expressions with variables and a denominator. To find the points where the numerical expression is undefined, we set the denominator equal to zero and solve.
What is undefined variable error in php?
Otherwise, PHP cannot tell whether you are shadowing the global variable with a local variable of the same name. The second error ( $y is undefined), is because local scope is just that, local. The whole point of it is that $y doesn't "leak" out of the function.
How do I fix Undefined offset 1 in PHP?
In your code: $parts = array_map('trim', explode(':', $line_of_text, 2)); You have ":" as separator. If you use another separator in file, then you will get an "Undefined offset: 1" but not "Undefined offset: 0" All information will be in $parts[0] but no information in $parts[1] or [2] etc.
What is undefined offset error in php?
An offset is undefined if it doesn't exist in the array. The notice is thrown the first time you reference the element, then PHP initializes the element and sets it to NULL. To avoid the notice you must initialize the offset. You can test if an offset exists either through array_key_exists or using isset.
See also: How to start php
What is an index php?
The index. php is a PHP file that is the entry point of any website and application. It is a file used for templates that contain a mixture of codes that will be delivered as a PHP code. It will also be modified before delivery as the system will be used by anyone with a simple HTML website.
Is set in PHP?
PHP isset() Function
What value is undefined?
In computing (particularly, in programming), undefined value is a condition where an expression does not have a correct value, although it is syntactically correct. An undefined value must not be confused with empty string, boolean "false" or other "empty" (but defined) values.
What is a undefined?
without fixed limits; indefinite in form, extent, or application: undefined authority; undefined feelings of sadness. not given meaning or significance, as by a definition; not defined or explained: an undefined term.
Where is a function undefined?
A function is said to be "undefined" at points outside of its domain – for example, the real-valued function. is undefined for negative. (i.e., it assigns no value to negative arguments). In algebra, some arithmetic operations may not assign a meaning to certain values of its operands (e.g., division by zero).
How do I fix undefined index error in php?
To solve such error, you can use the isset() function, which will check whether the index or variable is set or not, If not then don't use it.2 мая 2018 г.
See also: How does php work with apache
How do you fix a undefined variable error in php?
Ways to deal with the issue:
 1. Recommended: Declare your variables, for example when you try to append a string to an undefined variable. …
 2. Set a custom error handler for E_NOTICE and redirect the messages away from the standard output (maybe to a log file): set_error_handler('myHandlerForMinorErrors', E_NOTICE | E_STRICT)
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text:
is a Bloy House institute for Mandarin speaking individuals who would like to learn more about Episcopal liturgy, scripture, and leadership. Instituto de Liderazgo is a Bloy House institute that equips Spanish speaking Episcopalians within the diocese of Los Angles for vital lay ministries in their congregations. Through the Instituto, one can earn certificates in Liturgical Leadership, Pastoral Leadership, Parish Administration, Christian Education, Evangelism, and Lay Preaching. Information about these two programs can be found at: Bloy House programs.
- Pathways for Baptismal Living (Bexley Seabury) – As part of Bexley Seabury's seminary-beyond-walls philosophy, they have launched Pathways to educate, form, and catalyze the Body of Christ to blaze new pathways for prophetic and pastoral service in response to God's Call. Pathways offers three types of offerings: 1) Personal Enrichment: these seminary-created offerings for people who want to go deeper in their knowledge and faith than their adult formation classes permit, but who do not want to enroll in a formal degree program; 2) Licensure for Church-Wide Imperatives: these courses are designed to meet General Convention directives and licensure requirements of the Canons of the Episcopal Church. Those seeking licensure must receive the approval of their Bishop for a license to be conferred; and 3) Communities of Practice: these programs are designed to support leaders in a specific ministry role through critical Zoom conversations about faith, leadership, and issues relevant to their roles. See the Pathways program at Bexley Seabury here.
- Stillpoint: The Center for Christian Spirituality – Stillpoint offers a two-year training program in The Art of Spiritual Direction, rooted in the contemplative tradition and open to all faiths. Click here for more information about Stillpoint.
Forming a Non-Profit
When a particular lay ministry will require financial support from the public to be sustainable, that ministry may take the form of a tax-exempt organization under Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code. This law permits tax deductible donations to be made by donors to a corporation that is organized and operated for charitable, religious, educational, scientific, or other tax-exempt purposes. For tips on setting up a tax-exempt organization, click here.


Voting types
At the moment, the plugin provides three types of voting: Like, Rating (avg) and Rating summary (since version 2.3.03).
Like (+1)
Like is the easiest way to vote. On click to the vote button if the user available to vote – the number of votes increases by 1.
Displaying example: 15 votes
Rate (avg)
With this type, the user can select the number of stars for the photo. For example, from 1 to 5 or 10. It depends on the basic settings. It's possible from 5 to 10 stars. Herewith the average number is calculated. If the photo has five, six and seven stars, then the average will be 6.
Displaying example: 8 of 10 [14]
To change Stars count:
To change Rating delimiter text:
Rate summary
It is very similar to the previous one, only with the difference that it is considered the total amount of stars, not the average value.
For example, all photos received five, six and seven stars. As a result, they will have 18 stars.
Displaying example: 20 votes
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How to graph NBA data with SAS
People have always been fascinated by sports statistics, and with the recent popularity of fantasy sports there is an increased demand for custom analyses of the sports data. With those folks in mind, I have created a simple example that SAS programmers can use as a starting point for analyzing NBA data.
Before we get into the nitty gritty details, here's a picture of my friend Simone's son playing basketball (in the bright shirt, with the ball). He's tall, in shape, and smart, so I think he'll do well in basketball. Who knows, maybe one of these days we'll all be plotting his data in our NBA graphs!
I had recently read about some examples that demonstrate how to use the Python and R programming languages to analyze the NBA data, and decided to try my hand at using SAS to do something similar. With a bit of digging, I found the magic url that can be used to download the data for a specified player & season. I then wrote some SAS code to import the data directly from the Web page, into a SAS dataset.
After scrutinizing the data a bit, I determined that the 0,0 origin coordinate was in the middle of the basket, and all of the shots were shown in relation to one end of the court. I looked up the dimensions of an NBA basketball court, then determined the coordinates of the 4 corners, and created a map polygon I could use to represent the court in Proc Gmap. I then converted the shot data into an annotate dataset that would plot the missed shots as red x's and the made shots as blue o's. Here's what things looked like so far:
The above graph is nice, but it would be even better with some points-of-reference so we can see 'where' the player was when he made the shot. Therefore I worked out the coordinates of all the markings on the court, and created a special annotate dataset to draw them on the map (using annotate draw and polygon functions). Wow - what a difference that makes!How to graph NBA data with SAS _TAG_ Click To Tweet
The Proc Gmap approach is a good starting place for a spatial analysis, but how about analyzing the data over time? It was a simple matter to feed the data into Proc Gplot, and generate the following. Do you notice any trends in Stephen's shot data? Can you explain the outliers?
Just for Fun:
Here's a little quiz, to test your NBA knowledge, combined with your visual analytics perception skills. Below are three graphs - can you tell which goes with Kevin Durant, Lebron James, and Marc Gasol:
(Once you've made your guess, you can 'cheat' and look at the filenames of the images for a hint!)
About Author
Robert Allison
The Graph Guy!
 1. So cool! I went to Virginia Tech with Stephen's father, Dell Curry, before the school became well-known for its football program. Dell was year ahead of me.
 2. Pingback: A statistical analysis of Stephen Curry's shooting - The DO Loop
 3. Pingback: Nonparametric regression for binary response data in SAS - The DO Loop
 - Robert Allison
 Robert Allison on
 I can't remember exactly what page I got it from. I did a bunch of Google searches, and tried out several existing web-based NBA data query tools, and copy-n-pasted the URL from one of them, and trimmed it down a bit to do what I was wanting :)
 4. I wanted to imitate your work, but the code doesn't work!
 There was no observation in'my data', and I am poor at SAS, so I could not find what is the problem.
 Please comment..
 - Robert Allison
 Robert Allison on
 Have you defined the'my_proxy' macro variable, as described in the comments? Each site will have a different/unique proxy, so you need to define that based on your site...
 %let my_proxy=;
 The my_proxy macro variable's value is then utilized in the filename statement, to get to the data...
 filename temp_url url &url proxy="&my_proxy";
 5. Pingback: Wie treffsicher war Jordan unter Druck? - Mehr Wissen
 6. Pingback: My top 10 graph blog posts of 2016! - SAS Learning Post
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G$ contains a set $S$ of at most $k$ vertices such that $G\setminus S$ belongs to ${\cal G}.$ We denote by ${\cal A}_k ({\cal G})$ the graph class containining the graphs that are $k$-apices of ${\cal G}.$ We prove that every graph in the obstruction set of ${\cal A}_k ({\cal G}), $i.e., the minor-minimal set of graphs not belonging to ${\cal A}_k ({\cal G}),$ has size at most $2^{2^{2^{2^{poly(k)}}}},$ where ${poly}$ is a polynomial function whose degree depends on the size of the minor-obstructions of ${\cal G}.$
Joint work with Ignasi Sau and Giannos Stamoulis
01 avril 2021
Stéphane Bessy (Équipe AlGCo)
Exponential Independence in Subcubic Graphs
A set $S$ of vertices of a graph $G$ is exponentially independent if, for every vertex $u$ in $S$, $\sum_{v∈S\setminus \{u\}}(1/2)^{{\rm dist}(G,S) (u,v)−1} < 1$, where ${\rm dist}(G,S)(u, v)$ is the distance between $u$ and $v$ in the graph $G − (S \setminus \{u, v\})$. The exponential independence number $αe(G)$ of $G$ is the maximum order of an exponentially independent set in $G$. In this work we present several bounds on this parameter and highlight some of the many related open problems. In particular, we prove that subcubic graphs of order n have exponentially independent sets of order $Ω(n/\log^2 (n))$, that the infinite cubic tree has no exponentially independent set of positive density, and that subcubic trees of order n have exponentially independent sets of order $(n + 3)/4$.
Joint work with D. Rautenbach and J. Pardey, Ulm University
25 mars 2021
Ignasi Sau (Équipe AlGCo, LIRMM)
Kernelization of Maximum Minimal Vertex Cover
In the Maximum Minimal Vertex Cover (MMVC) problem, we are given a graph $G$ and a positive integer $k$, and the objective is to decide whether $G$ contains a minimal vertex cover of size at least $k$. This problem has been considered in several articles in the last years. In this talk we focus on its kernelization, which had been almost unexplored so far. We prove that MMVC does not admit polynomial kernels parameterized by the size of a minimum vertex cover or of a maximum matching, unless NP⊆coNP/poly. Motivated by a question of Boria et al. (Discret. Appl. Math. 2015) about the existence of subquadratic kernels for MMVC parameterized by $k$, we rule out their existence unless P=NP, if we restrict the kernelization algorithms to apply only a type of natural reduction rules that we call large optimal preserving rules. In particular, these rules contain the typical reduction rules to obtain linear kernels for Vertex Cover. On the positive side, we provide subquadratic kernels on $H$-free graphs for several graphs $H$, such as the bull, the paw, or the cliques, by making use of the Erdős-Hajnal property in order to find an appropriate decomposition.
Joint work with Júlio Araújo, Marin Bougeret, and Victor A. Campos.
18 mars 2021
Marin Bougeret (Équipe AlGCo, LIRMM)
On the complexity of computing Maximum Minimal Blocking Sets
A blocking set in a graph $G$ is a subset of vertices that intersects every maximum independent set of $G$. Let 𝗆𝗆𝖻𝗌($G$) be the size of a maximum (inclusion-wise) minimal blocking set of $G$. This parameter has recently played an important role in the kernelization of Vertex Cover parameterized by the distance to a graph class ${\cal F}$. Indeed, it turns out that the existence of a polynomial kernel for this problem is closely related to the property that 𝗆𝗆𝖻𝗌$({\cal F})=sup_{G∈F}$𝗆𝗆𝖻𝗌$(G)$ is bounded by a constant, and thus several recent results focused on determining 𝗆𝗆𝖻𝗌$(F)$ for different classes $F$. We consider the parameterized complexity of computing 𝗆𝗆𝖻𝗌 under various parameterizations, such as the size of a maximum independent set of the input graph and the natural parameter. We provide a panorama of the complexity of computing both 𝗆𝗆𝖻𝗌 and 𝗆𝗆𝗁𝗌, which is the size of a maximum minimal hitting set of a hypergraph, a closely related parameter. Finally, we consider the problem of computing 𝗆𝗆𝖻𝗌 parameterized by treewidth, especially relevant
in the context of kernelization. Given the "counting" nature of 𝗆𝗆𝖻𝗌, it does not seem to be expressible in monadic second-order logic, hence its tractability does not follow from Courcelle's theorem. Our main technical contribution is a fixed-parameter tractable algorithm for this problem.
11 mars 2021
Daniel Gonçalves (Équipe AlGCo)
On the colorability of rectangle intersection graphs
Chalermsook and Walczak proved that rectangle intersection graphs with clique number $w$, are $O(w\cdot\log w)$-colorable. This improves on the $O(w^2)$ bound dating from 1960. They also designed a deterministic polynomial-time $O(\log \log n)$-approximation algorithm for the same problem. This improves on previous known algorithms. This talk will be devoted to the description of these results.
04 mars 2021
Sebastian Wiederrecht (TU Berlin)
A matching theoretic approach to structural digraph theory
The theory of butterfly minors in digraphs which is closelinked to the notion of directed treewidth has become an active field of research in the past years. Many great advancements have been made such as a directed version of the famous Grid Theorem and several other generalisations of great results from the Graph Minors Series of Robterson and Seymour.
However, many of these results appear flawd when first encountered: The Erdős-Pósa property of butterfly minors does not appear to be linked to a topological property, and the directed version of the Flat Wall is not actually flat.
In this talk we identify two possible reasons for these flaws and show how recent advancements in the area of structural matching theory can be used, by rethinking the way we handle butterfly minors and unavoidable infinite anti-chains of them, to achieve much nicer results.
18 février 2021
François Pirot (G-SCOP, Grenoble)
Complexity thresholds for fractional distributed colouring
In the domain of distributed algorithms, the complexity is considered in terms of rounds, during which the nodes of a graph can exchange data with their neighbours. Moreover, in the LOCAL model, the nodes are assumed to have infinite computational power, so any problem can be solved within D rounds, if D is the diameter of the graph. When considering distributed colourings of graphs of fixed maximum degree Δ on n vertices, an interesting complexity threshold appears. There exists a deterministic distributed algorithm for finding a colouring with Δ+1 colours within O(log* n) rounds. If the graph is neither complete nor an odd cycle, Brooks' Theorem tells us that there exists a colouring with Δ colours. It turns out that any distributed algorithm constructing such a colouring requires Ω(log n) rounds if it is deterministic, or Ω(log log n) rounds if it is probabilistic.
In this talk, I will present a similar sharp threshold for the complexity of distributed fractional colourings of graphs of fixed maximum degree, and of d-dimensional grids. Finally, I will present a distributed algorithm for constructing a fractional colouring of weight 2+ε of graphs of maximum average degree 2+ε' and sufficiently large girth, within O(log n) rounds.
Joint work with Nicolas Bousquet and Louis Esperet.
11 février 2021
Alexandre Vigny (University of Bremen)
Query enumeration and nowhere dense classes of graphs
Given a query q and a graph G the enumeration of q over G consists in computing, one element at a time, the set q(G) of all solutions to q on G. The delay is the maximal time between two consecutive output and the preprocessing time is the time needed to produce the first solution. Ideally, we would like to have constant delay enumeration after linear preprocessing. Since this it is not always possible to achieve, we need to add restriction to the classes of graphs and/or queries we consider.
In this talk I will talk about some restrictions for which such algorithms exist: graphs with bounded degree, tree-like structures, conjunctive queries...
We will more specifically consider nowhere dense classes of graphs: What are they? Why is this notion relevant? How to make algorithms from these graph properties?
04 février 2021
Thomas Bellitto (Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Mechanics, University


sound decision definition, sound decision meaning | English dictionary
a a periodic disturbance in the pressure or density of a fluid or in the elastic strain of a solid, produced by a vibrating object. It has a velocity in air at sea level at 0°C of 332 metres per second (743 miles per hour) and travels as longitudinal waves
b (as modifier)
a sound wave
2 modifier of or relating to radio as distinguished from television
sound broadcasting, sound radio
3 the sensation produced by such a periodic disturbance in the organs of hearing
4 anything that can be heard
5 a particular instance, quality, or type of sound
the sound of running water
6 volume or quality of sound
a radio with poor sound
7 the area or distance over which something can be heard
to be born within the sound of Big Ben
8 the impression or implication of something
I don't like the sound of that
9 (Phonetics) the auditory effect produced by a specific articulation or set of related articulations
10 often pl
Slang music, esp. rock, jazz, or pop
11 to cause (something, such as an instrument) to make a sound or (of an instrument, etc.) to emit a sound
12 to announce or be announced by a sound
to sound the alarm
13 intr (of a sound) to be heard
14 intr to resonate with a certain quality or intensity
to sound loud
15 copula to give the impression of being as specified when read, heard, etc.
to sound reasonable
16 tr to pronounce distinctly or audibly
to sound one's consonants
17 intr; usually foll by: in (Law) to have the essential quality or nature (of)
an action sounding in damages (See also) sound off
 (C13: from Old French soner to make a sound, from Latin sonare, from sonus a sound)
 soundable adj
English Collins Dictionary - English Definition & Thesaurus
See also:
sound, sound, sound, Sound
Collaborative Dictionary English Definition
the decision is yours
to say, pronounce, speak
ex.: The child sounded out each word out loud as she read her book.
(of sound) hollow and deep-sounding
Bookish knowledge; knowledge obtained through hearsay, has no sound basis
word used to describe the sound made by the wheels of a train
by extension, it can be applied to other rhythmic similar sounds (for example, the sound of a clock or of a typing machine)
cela te dirait de?
it sounds interesting or attractive
avec de l'imagination on prend le son pour de la farine
ability to make decisions and take action without waiting for someone to tell you what to do
I showed my initiative when I became a group leader in class.
cela est évident, irréfutable
cela est évident, irréfutable
Or sign up in the traditional way
 - Create your own vocabulary list
 - Contribute to the Collaborative Dictionary
 - Improve and share your linguistic knowledge