same family + drag + overlapp
 - Hey guys,
 if you could help me with my problem, I would appreciate it very much.
 Short description: Ten squares, all in one family with one family behavior: drag'n'drop. When you drag one square over another, call the action (in this case: restart layout).
 Problem: Version 1 is not working. Version 2 (same as version 1, but the order of event and sub-event has been inverted) is working, but I think it is way more performance-heavy and I also cannot use in my project since I need to call an 'else' later.
 Could you advise me on how to make version 1 work? Creating another family with another name, but with the same objects as in the first family is not an option.
 Thank you.
 Here is the.capx:....capx?dl=0
 - Wel, you read those events wrong. Forget for once that "IF THIS THEN THAT" dinosaur.
 In event 2. You pick the square that is dragging. Not one square more. Not one square less. So at this moment the List Of Picked Objects contain that ONE object. The dragged object.
 For each following condition, this is the PREVIOUS PICKED OBJECTS LIST. Until you forget that list by making a new top level condition.
 So, If you gooing to look for that overlap as you do. You have ONLY ONE object picked. That condition is only true when that object overlaps itself. Wich is kinda impossible.
 In event 5 you Pick All the Squares that overlap another Square. For each following condition, this is the PREVIOUS PICKED OBJECTS LIST. So the next event looks in that list (the list of all squares that overlap another square) and filter out of THOSE... the square that is dragging. If it finds on, the conditions is TRUE.
 Your calculation is also wrong. For the last one its (10 * 10) - 10. Look in the debugger.
 For the first one it is obvious (10 * 0) + 1. Again look at the colission checks in the debugger.
 - Thank you for your fast reply, 99instances.
 1.) Sorry about the debugger thing. I used the debugger in the bigger project (from where I extracted this problem from) and the number of checks per tick kept changing without me doing anything so I got confused. Should have looked at the debugger for this example project too.
 2.) Ok, so you are saying that after line 2 the Previous Picked Object List consists of only the one square that is dragging. But now let's say in line 3, I would change it to the following:
 This seems to work, so even though the circle is not on the Previous Picked Object List, it is still considered for this condition. Then why in this version
 all the instances and objects of the square family are not considered for this condition? Yes, they are not on the Previous Picked Object List, but neither is the circle. Is it because - in constrast to the circle - they have been excluded in line 2 from being considered for subevents after line 2? Why is that? I mean what is the reason for Scirra to have made it like that?
 3.) Hmmm. This doesn't bring us closer to the solution I think. I have to go work in the garden now, I will check back in later when I have come up with a solution or to see if someone else has found one.
 - Yes, the circle is unreferenced. It is not previous picked. So it just adds the circle to the previous picked list.
 An other way to understand this is.. to state that for the circle it is the first 'top event'. So its previous picked list was forgotten.
 Read this:
 It is way more clear then i can ever explain it. You are not the only one. A lot of beginners are using Contruct the wrong way. And i, me myself, still fall in that trap. Why i dont consider myself as a avid user.
 But serious, once you got the hang on picking objects, the system is absolutly beatyfull.
 Now you would ask, how do i forget a picked list? Just make a new top level pick event. A function is very handy, it is a top level event.
 On more thing on optimizing. You captured that there are loops behind the scenes. If you make a condition like 'pick by comparisation' it loops behind the scenes trough all the specified objects and compares them to what you want em them to compare to. Those loops are just inevitable. And to be honest, dont worry about them to much.
 Unless they look for overlaps and collisions. Those are performance eaters.
 I have Two examples for you. This one should explain what happens. How it picks. It is importand to understand this.....capx?dl=0
 This one showes a way to minimize collission dedections. It comes down to make 'behind the scenes loops' that dont check for overlaps/collissions. So, forget all the other optimizing you have read about. (that statement gonna make me public enemy nr1, hehe)....capx?dl=0
 Check the debugger and enjoy a collission dedection of only ONE every tick.
 Do i recoment this? I dont know. Construct is supposed to be easy. This aint easy coding for most.
 You seem to understand those things.
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 - Hehe okay I see. Like I said in the first post, I'd rather not have two families with the same content just for workaround purposes because then everytime I create or delete a new object I have to remember to do it in two families. But I guess this is the best solution at the moment. You can even put the whole code segment in a group that becomes active on Drag Start and becomes deactivated on Drop so that it only uses resources when in fact a dragging is in process. Thank you!
 I suppose you can prove that? Getting the collsions check/dt under the 90 while dragging this way? And having a working logic?
 - LOL, you just set my own dragging solution active/non active. Its k, dude.
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3 years ago
GL900 USER'S MANUAL - Graphtec
GL900 USER'S MANUAL - Graphtec
Settings and Measurement
Settings and Measurement Trigger Level Settings/Alarm Level Settings If the start side source setting or stop side source setting is "Level", specify detailed conditions for each channel. The overall structure of level triggers are as shown below. CH n Mode Level Pulse n Mode Level Combination Trigger Logic n Mode Pattern Comparison * Pulse and Logic are toggled back and forth. * The Logics 1 to 4 are fixed to pattern comparison. CH n Mode Level Pulse n Mode Level Or Alarm output n Logic n Mode Level * Pulse and Logic are toggled back and forth. * Specify an alarm output destination for Pulse and Logic for each channel. The conditions are ORed for each alarm output destination. Example) Suppose CH1 and CH2 are set to Output 1 and CH3 and CH4 to Output 2. If either CH1 or CH2 meets the conditions, Alarm Output 1 occurs. If either CH3 or CH4 meets the conditions, Alarm Output 2 occurs. Setting Description (1) Combination Sets the combination of trigger conditions set for each channel. Level OR : Starts (stops) capturing data when at least one trigger condition is met. Each condition is a level operation. Level AND : Starts (stops) capturing data when all trigger conditions are met. Each condition is a level operation. Edge OR : Starts (stops) capturing data when at least one trigger condition is met. Each condition is an edge operation. Edge AND : Starts (stops) capturing data when all trigger conditions are met. Each condition is an edge operation. (2) Mode Specifies the mode for trigger comparison for each channel. Off : Disables triggers for the set channel. ↑ H (Rising) : Generates a trigger when an input signal is above the specified level. ↓ L (Falling) : Generates a trigger when an input signal is below the specified level. Win In : Generates a trigger when an input signal is (has come) between the upper and lower limit levels set for each channel. * There is no setting for a logic channel. Win Out : Generates a trigger when an input signal is not (has moved out from) between the upper and lower limit levels set for each channel. * There is no setting for a logic channel. (3) Level Specifies the level for trigger comparison. Set one level for comparison if the mode is set to ↑ H (Rising) or ↓ L (Falling). Set two levels for comparison if the mode is set to Win In or Win Out. (4) Hold Generated Alarm Specifies the operation that occurs when the alarm conditions are met once and then are no longer met. Hold : Maintains the alarm status when the alarm conditions are met once and then are no longer met. (Press the CURSOR key to clear the alarm). Do Not Hold : Clears the alarm status when the alarm conditions are met once and then are no longer met. 3-31
Settings and Measurement About Level and Edge Operations In the level operation, the trigger conditions are assumed to be met only if they are met when the START key is pressed (after the timer reaches the set time). In the edge operation, the trigger conditions are assumed NOT to be met even if they are met when the START key is pressed (after the timer reaches the set time). The trigger conditions are assumed to be met only if they are no longer met and then are met again. Example) If the mode is Rising Trigger generation area The START key is pressed here. Measurement immediately starts in the level operation. An edge that exceeds the setting level is needed. Measurement starts here in the edge operation. Setting level CAUTION There is an error of ±1% at the maximum to the range between the trigger setting level and the level at which the trigger is actually generated (trigger generation level), e.g. ±0.01V in the 1V range. Approx. 1.3% of trigger hysteresis is provided to the trigger generation level. Approx. 0.5% of alarm hysteresis is provided. About the Trigger and Alarm Operations H : A trigger/alarm is generated when the signal input rises to (or exceeds) the specified level. Trigger (alarm) generated area Measurement starts (alarm generated) Set level CH.1 L : A trigger/alarm is generated when the signal input falls to (or falls below) the specified level. Trigger (alarm) generated area Measurement starts (alarm generated) Set level CH.1 Win In : Used to specify the upper and lower limits for each channel. When the signal level goes within (or is within) either limit, a trigger/alarm is generated. Trigger (alarm) generated area Measurement starts (alarm generated) Set upper level Set lower level CH.1 3-32
GL220 Quick Start Guide - Graphtec America Inc.
NVR + IP Camera User Manual
QCapture PRO 7 User Manual - QImaging
Amiko Alien 2 User Manual - Freeviewshop.co.nz


About Us
The corporation for the CSS is organized as a non-profit charter in the state of South Carolina and conducts activities primarily within, but not necessarily restricted to the state of South Carolina. The primary purpose of the CSS is to promote the benefits of Polysomnography (PSG) and Sleep Medicine.
The Purposes of the Society
 1. To conduct educational activities relative to the field of Polysomnography;
 2. To promote the highest level of clinical standards for patient care and safety;
 3. To provide a means by which those in the field of Sleep Medicine may communicate;
 4. To locally support and advance a professional identity that is related to both a professional technological function of allied health care generally, as well as to the field of Sleep Medicine specifically.
 5. To manage funds appropriate to the purposes of the Society, and;
 6. To exercise all powers conferred on corporations formed under South Carolina non-profit statutes, including, but not limited to, the power to accept donations of money or property, whether real or personal, or any interest therein, wherever situated.
Click here for the Carolina Sleep Society By-Laws.
We primarily conduct our activities/meetings in the Spring. From time to time, we may alternate the location of the CSS to another city within South Carolina that best serves the CSS members' needs. The Regular Session of our meetings are a 2-day educational opportunity for our members. Continuing Education Credit is provided for those who attend the complete session. CEUs are not distributed per speaker, but are awarded at the end of the Regular Session. The workshops are a recent addition at the request of our members and provide a class or mini-course by qualified instructors. Participants receive additional CEUs at the close of the workshop.


text:
First focal plane (FFP) refers to the placement of the reticle in a rifle scope. In an FFP optic, the reticle is in the front part of the optical system, near the objective lens. The reticle's size changes with the scope's magnification. This allows for accurate range estimation at any setting.
Let's take a look at the history of FFP optics, who makes them now, examples of current optics, pros & cons, FFP vs SFP, and price ranges.
The History of First Focal Plane Optics
The history of FFP optics began in WWII. Military snipers started using telescopic sights to engage long-range targets. To improve range estimation accuracy, military optics manufacturers experimented with different reticle placements. They eventually settled on FFP design.
During WWII, the use of scopes on military rifles became widespread. They allowed snipers to engage targets at longer ranges with greater accuracy. However, early telescopic sights had a challenge. The reticle remained a constant size, regardless of the magnification setting.
This made it difficult to accurately estimate the range to the target. The size of the target would change with the magnification, but the size of the reticle would not.
Military optics manufacturers began experimenting with different reticle placements. One solution was to place the reticle in the front part of the system, near the objective lens. This caused the reticle's size to change with the target's size at any magnification.
Easier range estimation and better aiming accuracy were the result.
Boom. First focal plane optics were born.
These new optics helped snipers adjust their aim faster. The holdover points on the reticle were now more accurate. This allowed wind and bullet drop compensation at longer distances.
Military snipers made the FFP design popular. It soon became the standard for long-range shooting.
FFP Optics are still popular with military, tactical shooters, hunters and competitive shooters.
Who Makes First Focal Plane Scopes?
There are several manufacturers of first focal plane (FFP) optics, including:
Many different companies design and manufacture FFP optics. These companies offer products ranging from low-cost, affordable optics to high-end, precision optics.
Designing and making these optics is a difficult and skilled process. It requires expertise in a range of fields including optics, engineering, and manufacturing.
FFP optics manufacturers design the housing and lens system to precise tolerances.
This aligns the reticle in the optical system. Reticle designers consider reticle visibility at different magnification levels. They also consider how the reticle's placement affects its appearance and use. A well designed reticle provides accurate and useful information to the shooter.
Once the entire optic design is complete, then the manufacturing process can start. This usually includes machining, assembling, and checking the quality of the optic. Each controlled step makes sure the final product meets high standards. This process takes a long time and requires a lot of work. This is why FFP optics are often more expensive than SFP optics.
Designing and making FFP optics requires skill, knowledge, and precision manufacturing. This leads to optics that provide accurate range estimation at any magnification setting.
Examples of First Focal Plane Scopes
Some examples of first focal plane (FFP) optics include
Vortex Viper PST Gen II 5-25×50 FFP rifle scope
Trijicon AccuPower 1-8×28 FFP rifle scope
Nightforce ATACR 7-35×56 FFP rifle scope
These are just a few examples of FFP optics available on the market. There are many other manufacturers and models of FFP optics available, each with its own unique features and capabilities.
Pros & Cons of FFP Optics
Pros of FFP optics:
Reticle size changes with magnification, allowing accurate range estimation at any setting
Holdover points on the reticle help compensate for bullet drop at longer distances
Reticle stays the same size relative to the target, making it easier to make quick adjustments to aim
FFP optics allow for the use of ranging reticles, which can be used to estimate the range to the target
Cons of FFP optics:
Reticle can appear distorted at low magnification settings, making it difficult to see or use
FFP optics are often more expensive than second focal plane (SFP) optics
The reticle can appear cluttered or busy at high magnification settings, making it difficult to use
The reticle may be difficult to see in low light conditions, especially at low magnification settings.
First Focal Plane (FFP) vs Second Focal Plane (SFP)
First focal plane (FFP) optics and second focal plane (SFP) optics are two different types of rifle scopes. Each has its own unique features and capabilities.
Reticle & Crosshairs Comparison
One key difference between FFP and SFP optics is the placement of the reticle, or crosshairs.
FFP optics place the reticle in the front part of the optical system, near the objective lens. This allows the reticle to change size with magnification, as we've already discussed.
SFP optics place the reticle in the rear part of the optical system, near the eyepiece. Reticle size stays the same, regardless of magnification settings.
Holdover Points Comparison
Another difference between FFP and SFP optics is the use of holdover points on the reticle. In an FFP optic, the reticle can be designed with holdover points, which can be used to compensate for bullet drop at longer distances. Because the reticle size changes with the magnification, the holdover points will remain accurate at any magnification setting. In an SFP optic, the reticle does not change size, so holdover points are not as useful.
Additionally, FFP optics are often more expensive than SFP optics, as the manufacturing process is more complex. This can be a consideration when choosing between FFP and SFP optics.
What's the price range of First Focal Plane Scopes?
The price range of first focal plane (FFP) optics can vary widely, depending on the quality and features of the optic. Budget-friendly FFP optics can be found for under $100, while high-end, precision optics can cost $3,000 and up.
One factor that can affect the price of FFP optics is the manufacturer. Some of the top gun scope manufacturers, such as Vortex, Trijicon, and Nightforce, offer a range of FFP optics at different price points. These companies generally produce high-quality optics, but their top-of-the-line models can be quite expensive.
Another factor that can affect the price of FFP optics is the quality of the lens and housing. Higher-quality optics will typically use high-grade lenses and precision-machined housings, which can add to the cost of the optic. Additionally, features like illuminated reticles and variable magnification can also affect the price.
Overall, the price range of FFP optics can vary widely, from budget-friendly options to high-end, precision optics. When shopping for an FFP optic, it is important to consider the intended use and the specific features and capabilities of the optic, as well as the price.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Manji Formation
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Revision as of 19:06, March 2, 2013 by LeafShinobi (Talk | contribs)
Manji Formation
Manji Formation
Kanji 卍の陣
Rōmaji Manji no Jin
Literal English Manji Formation
Manga Chapter #12
Anime Naruto Episode #7
Game Naruto Shippūden: Ultimate Ninja Storm 3 (Mentioned)
Appears in Anime, Manga and Game
Classification General skill
Class Defensive
Range Short-range
The Manji Formation is a very basic formation that is used to protect a central point, to defend against multiple attacks coming from multiple locations, or to defend a group against an attack that could come from any unknown angle. Its name derives from the shape of a manji, 卍, as the formation requires a person facing outwards at all four points, where the four ninja's backs face each other. Each person is responsible to guard against the area straight ahead of them and to the left, as the manji suggests. This formation has one blind spot: the centre.
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Students build their own cubes & 3-D shapes with these unique linking manipulatives!
Omnifix Cubes can be used with any math curriculum that specifies linking cubes.
Omnifix Cubes come in four brilliant colors and measure 2 cm square. Students snap flat shapes together to form a permanent cube which can then be joined to other cubes to build shapes and teach key geometry concepts!
Excellent hands-on manipulative to reach your for visual, spatial, and tactile learners! Fun to build and play with, as an engaging learning tool!

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Posted by on October 2, 2020
In Toronto, a series of recent stabbings has raised concerns about knife violence. One question that people often ask is how assailants conceal the knife – at least enough to get close to a victim. Knives, after all, are close to medium range weapons that require the attacker to close distance and, in many cases, surprise the victim.
Here are 6 ways an attacker might conceal his weapon.
1. Covered. A person can use a jacket, sweater, even a rolled newspaper magazine or newspaper to conceal a sharp weapon. It is very inconspicuous and allows the attacker to get close to victims without arousing suspicion.
2. Behind His Back. This is more conspicuous as it is a less natural position and usually happens when they are concealing something.
3. Behind his leg. Not as obvious as behind the back but seeing a man approach with a straight arm should around suspicion. People usually move their arms when they walk.
4. Arms are crossed. This can be difficult to detect as it is a natural position and can easily conceal a smaller weapon.
5. Knife in Palm. Hand on the side, fingers facing down, the back of their hand facing you so you cannot see what is in the palm of their hand. It is not a natural position and should evoke suspicion and caution.
6. Bag/backpack/pocket. He approaches, gym bag over his shoulder, reaches in and pulls out a knife. It takes him longer to access the weapon but since people are often carrying bags, he is not attracting attention. Reaching in his pocket is not in itself alarming but consider the context. What if he is walking quickly towards you?
It is worthwhile, and unsettling, to watch footage of assaults with sharp objects. Watch the attacker's hands before the attack and note where they are. Also, when training, have your partner adapt some of these positions and learn to identify them quickly and to defend if they can close distance and deploy the weapon.
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text:
The two-year project has involved researching and cataloguing technical material in the Motoring Reference Library and Object Collection and inspired the development of a range of fun, creative educational and outreach activities to explore these magical mechanisms.
Supported by the Arts Council England Designation Development Fund and sponsored by the Shell Heritage Art Collection and Caravan and Motorhome Club, the Creative Fun sessions will take place in the museum on Tuesdays, Wednesdays and Thursdays from August 1st - 24th, from 11am - 3pm.
Young visitors can explore the theme of Automotive Steampunk and discover more about the vehicles when they use the special family trail in the museum. They can draw inspiration from those exhibits to build their own Steampunk LEGO vehicle, use the collection's magical mechanisms to design a Steampunk-style Shell poster or create a flip book of a car to find out how cars are constructed. Families can also design their own Steampunk caravan and build a tunnel book of a famous Victorian caravan.
Participants can enter their fabulous creations into the Creative Fun Competition to win great prizes from Shell Heritage Art Collection and the National Motor Museum.
The prizes also include four limited edition brick custom mini-kits of the record-breaking LEGO caravan which is on display in the museum. The life-size LEGO caravan, which holds the Guinness World Record as the 'largest caravan built with interlocking plastic bricks', was commissioned by Freedom to Go. The leisure vehicle and park industry campaign was launched to raise awareness of the lifestyle benefits leisure vehicle ownership offers – see _URL_ for more information.
Creative Fun activities are included in the standard Beaulieu admission ticket, which includes entrance to the National Motor Museum, World of Top Gear, On Screen Cars, Palace House, Beaulieu Abbey and the picturesque grounds and gardens.
Showing off their finished tunnel books
Tickets to Beaulieu can be bought in advance online here.
No booking is required for the sessions, just drop in and join the exciting activities. Click here for more details.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
Measurement of Quality of Life of Survivors of Neonatal Intensive Care: Critique and Implications
- Additional Document Info
- View All
In recent years, an increasing number of studies on the quality of life (QoL) of adults and children have been published, mostly describing outcomes of various medical conditions. Yet, despite the wide interest, there is no universal consensus even on the very definition of what constitutes QoL, particularly for children. Herein, we discuss the conceptual framework and operational definitions of QoL and health-related quality of life (HRQL), address some methodological issues, and review the literature on QoL studies among premature infants. We also describe areas of research that are likely to be fruitful in advancing the consideration of QoL in future studies and in clinical practice.
has subject area


_review to needs_work
 - Work issues set to Split into different modules. Use parents and elements.
I suggest to add #14535 as a dependency. It allows to create immutable graphs.
If I understood correctly, sage-combinat-devel agrees with the following plan:
 - There is no mathematical difference between a quiver and a digraph. Immutable graphs are provided by #14535. Hence, for now, there seems to be no need for a separate sub-class "Quiver" of "DiGraph?". But of course, we could have a factory, that returns immutable digraphs after checking that all labels are as we want them.
 - How shall we call the algebraic structure formed by the paths in a quiver? PathMonoid? PathMagma? QuiverMonoid? QuiverMagma? All the algebraic stuff (representations, path algebra, and also list of quiver paths in contrast to list of paths as a digraph) should be accessible from there. Methods like "is_sink" should be implemented on DiGraph.
 - In contrast to Jim's code, QuiverPath should be an element, namely an element of the afore-mentioned algebraic structure.
 - We should allow directed cycles and loops where possible. We can currently only have quiver representations for acyclic quivers. But there is no reason to restrict QuiverMonoid and QuiverAlgebra to the acyclic case.
 - "QuiverMonoid" should be a unique parent. I suggest using UniqueRepresentation, the key ultimately being an immutable digraph. A custom __classcall__ method could accept a broader range of arguments, that could then be turned into an immutable digraph used as key.
 - A QuiverMonoid M is not a DiGraph. Of course, it can return the underlying quiver by M.quiver() (which could actually be identical with the graph used as a key when creating M), and M is uniquely determined by M.quiver().
comment:40 follow-up: Changed 5 years ago by chapoton
I think the correct name for the "algebraic structure" containing the paths is "the free category generated by a quiver".
So maybe a good name can be FreeCategory? or FreeSmallCategory? ?
comment:41 in reply to: ↑ 40 Changed 5 years ago by SimonKing
Replying to chapoton:
I think the correct name for the "algebraic structure" containing the paths is "the free category generated by a quiver".
So maybe a good name can be FreeCategory? or FreeSmallCategory? ?
True, mathematically. Do you think that the to-be-created class for this algebraic structure should be implemented as a Category, i.e., inherit from Category, with objects corresponding to the vertices of the quiver, and homsets corresponding to the arrows? Or should it just be called FreeSmallCategory?
comment:42 Changed 5 years ago by SimonKing
 - Dependencies changed from #12412, #12413, #14535 to #12412, #12413
It seems that inheriting from both Parent and Category would mean to ask for trouble (e.g., if F is the free small category of a quiver, then F.element_class of F-the-parent would be used for the paths in F, while F.element_class of F-the-category would be used for the elements of F's objects, i.e., of its vertices). Moreover, providing a general framework for immutable graphs means "opening a can of worms".
By the latter, I start to understand the motivation for introducing a separate class for "quiver-the-graph": It is mainly a digraph, but it is made immutable by overriding certain mutating methods. At the end of the day, it would be better to keep the class Quiver, but perhaps using UniqueRepresentation (because this yields a fast hash) rather than a UniqueFactory.
Still, I think the code should be split up into smaller pieces, and there should be a proper parent for "quiver-the-associative-magma", called FreeSmallCategory (which for now should just be a Parent, but not inherit from Category) and turning QuiverPath into a proper element (and I still don't see why it should be a UniqueRepresentation).
I removed the dependency on "immutable graphs" that I had introduced.
comment:43 Changed 5 years ago by SimonKing
It seems that QuiverAlgebra may be superseded by Nicolas Thiéry's functorial construction patch. However, I think it would be better to not make the functorial construction patch a dependency, and Nicolas seems to agree.
comment:44 Changed 5 years ago by vbraun
+1 for splitting up this patch bomb.
Using a separate directory for quiver stuff would be great, too. I would prefer singular sage.quiver.representation over plural sage.quivers.representations
comment:45 Changed 5 years ago by SimonKing
I am currently working on a patch according to the comments above. It has
algebra.py free_small_category.py homspace.py __init__.py morphism.py paths.py quiver.py representation.py
in sage/quivers.
quiver would be for the "immobilised" version of digraph, paths for the element class of the parent structure that is defined in free_small_category, and I suppose you correctly guess the content of homspace, algebra, morphism and representation.
Is this OK?
comment:46 follow-up: Changed 5 years ago by vbraun
I'm hoping that everything so far is allowing loops, since that is the case of interest for me ;-)
I would still prefer sage.quiver over sage.quivers since sage.quivers.algebra makes me cry a little bit inside. But I do realize that the Sage library is totally inconsistent in the use of plural vs. singular, so its your call.
comment:47 in reply to: ↑ 46 Changed 5 years ago by SimonKing
Replying to vbraun:
I'm hoping that everything so far is allowing loops, since that is the case of interest for me ;-)
Same here.
I would still prefer sage.quiver over sage.quivers since sage.quivers.algebra makes me cry a little bit inside. But I do realize that the Sage library is totally inconsistent in the use of plural vs. singular, so its your call.
I thought plural is good, because we have sage.algebras, sage.modules, sage.graphs, sage.categories, sage.rings, etc.
comment:48 Changed 5 years ago by vbraun
There is also sage.matrix, sage.geometry, sage.plot, sage.structure', etc. As I said, totally inconsistent.
comment:49 Changed 5 years ago by SimonKing
 - Authors changed from Jim Stark to Jim Stark, Simon King
 - Description modified (diff)
 - Keywords days49 added
Even though my patch isn't finished, I'll post it, so that we can discuss about it at SD49. Many doctests currently fail.
Apply trac_12630_quivers_v2.patch quiver_distributed_code.patch
comment:50 Changed 5 years ago by SimonKing
Here are the current failures:
sage -t sage/quivers/paths.py # 91 doctests failed
sage -t sage/quivers/representation.py # 450 doctests failed
sage -t sage/quivers/homspace.py # 127 doctests failed
sage -t sage/quivers/free_small_category.py # ValueError in doctesting framework
sage -t sage/quivers/quiver.py # 118 doctests failed
sage -t sage/quivers/algebra.py # 78 doctests failed
sage -t sage/quivers/morphism.py # 290 doctests failed
Scary. But I guess most of them are due to change of syntax. In the original code, one was able to create a paths without reference to a quiver, and then multiply them. In the new code, one needs to have a quiver, get the associated free small category, and construct elements of it. I think this is cleaner. And after all, in real applications, we have a quiver.
comment:51 Changed 5 years ago by SimonKing
 - Cc mguaypaq added
comment:52 follow-up: Changed 5 years ago by SimonKing
 - Cc nthiery added
Some comments from a discussion with Nicolas:
 - Currently, we say FreeSmallCategory. Isn't it simply a semi-group?
 - If it is a semi-group (in particular, if it is declared in the category of semi-groups, and not in the category of magmas, it might be possible that we can inherit most of the functionality that is now in QuiverAlgebra. Namely, there already is Semigroups.Algebras.
 - Slight problem: Currently, the invalid path is not mentioned in the list of elements of the free small category / semi-group of a quiver, but it is recognised as an element. This is odd, but on the other hand, when we add it to the list of elements, then the dimension of the algebra will be one more.
comment:53 Changed 5 years ago by virmaux
 - Cc virmaux


Disabling Unused Devices
If you have devices attached to your computer or installed that you do not use, you can reduce the startup time by disabling those devices. The rule to follow is to keep enabled any device that you use or might use, but if you have devices that you do not use on a regular basis, you can disable those devices without uninstalling. When you start the computer, those devices' drivers won't have to load, which will help decrease boot time.
To disable a device, follow these steps:
1. Open the Start menu, right-click My Computer, and select Properties.
2. Click the Hardware tab and click the Device Manager button.
3. Expand the category that contains the device that you want to disable.
Figure 4.12 4. Right-click the device and click Disable (see Figure 4-12). The device is now disabled and remains disabled until you re-enable it in the same manner.


When Does a Lease Terminate Pre-Petition?
Published On: March 30th, 2015 | Author: Perry Law, P.C. | Category: Bankruptcy Florida
Two Florida bankruptcy courts have addressed a similar issue with different results. The scenario is common enough, a tenant and landlord enter into a lease which the tenant subsequently defaults under. The landlord brings a cause of action for eviction, obtains a judgment and eventually a writ of possession. But, before the writ of possession is executed the tenant files for bankruptcy. At that point is the lease one which can be assumed under the Bankruptcy Code 365?
In In re Key Largo Watersports, 377 BR 738, the court held no. There the court held that the judgment and writ of possession terminated the tenant's rights and thus there was no lease to assume. However, in In re 2408 W. Kennedy, 512 BR 708, the court held that until the writ was executed the tenant still had a right of possession and thus there was in fact a lease to assume.
These two cases stress the importance of properly entering into and terminating a lease before bankruptcy; and, understanding how a lawsuit and/or bankruptcy can impact your lease.


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and at the Board's Water Right Orders webpage.
Any person wishing to submit a petition for reconsideration of a final Decision or Order may do so within 30 days of the adoption of the order. As described in California Code of Regulations, title 23, section 768, any interested person may file a petition for reconsideration upon any of the following causes:
- Irregularity in the proceedings, or any ruling, or abuse of discretion, by which the person was prevented from having a fair hearing;
- The decision or order is not supported by substantial evidence;
- There is relevant evidence which, in the exercise of reasonable diligence, could not have been produced;
- Error in law.
As described in California Code of Regulations, title 23, section 770:
The board may:
- Refuse to reconsider the decision or order if the petition fails to raise substantial issues related to the causes for reconsideration set out in Section 768; or
- After review of the records, including any hearing transcript and any material submitted in support of the petition:
- Deny the petition upon a finding that the decision or order was appropriate and proper; or
- Set aside or modify the decision or order; or
- Take other appropriate action.
Before taking final action, the board may, in its discretion, hold a hearing for the purpose of oral argument or receipt of additional evidence or both.


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Definition of longitudinal
- The insect's back is black with yellow longitudinal stripes.
- the longitudinal extent of the building
- a longitudinal study of juvenile offenders over a period of five years
The insect's body is black with yellow longitudinal stripes.
calculating the longitudinal position of a ship
a longitudinal study of career aspirations among girls from 5 to 17
These example sentences are selected automatically from various online news sources to reflect current usage of the word 'longitudinal.' Views expressed in the examples do not represent the opinion of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Send us feedback.
What made you want to look up longitudinal? Please tell us where you read or heard it (including the quote, if possible).


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Food Rescue Client Survey Guide
A core aim of NRDC's work in the food rescue space is ensuring that the voices of those who seek food assistance are integral to community dialogue about the future of a city's food rescue system. One of many potential strategies for engaging food assistance clients is to conduct periodic surveys seeking feedback on issues like satisfaction with the quality and cultural appropriateness of the food offered, barriers to accessing food support, and suggestions for making the city's food rescue system more nimble, responsive, and reflective of community aspirations. Surveys can be a useful complement to other types of client participation by providing a vehicle to gather significant amounts of qualitative data from large numbers of individuals.
As part of the Food Matters project, NRDC engaged local consultants to design and conduct surveys of food rescue clients (also known as end-users) in Baltimore and Denver. More than 1,000 individuals participated in each of the surveys. In addition to the lessons learned that we discuss below, this guide includes:
- The survey instrument used in Baltimore
- A sample consultant scope of work
- Guidance for volunteers administering the survey
- The results of the Baltimore survey
- The results of the Denver survey (included in Strengthening Denver's Food Rescue Ecosystem Report)
Strategies we found helpful
NRDC engaged local organizations in Baltimore and Denver to conduct intercept surveys with food rescue clients. Below we highlight a variety of strategies used to design the survey instrument, select survey sites, and administer the survey that we believe contributed to the success of the process. These draw primarily on our experience in Baltimore, where we hired the Maryland Food Bank (MFB) to develop and conduct the client survey. In Denver, we provided a stipend to Hunger Free Colorado to conduct supplemental surveys on our behalf, building on a survey tool and process the organization already had in place.
1. Designing the Survey
- Be sensitive to the length of the survey, and make it as simple as possible. In Baltimore, we designed a survey instrument that could be completed by clients in roughly five to ten minutes. We found this length to be workable for clients and volunteers while providing data on a robust array of issues. In trimming the survey down to that length, we had to cut out a number of lower-priority questions and make sure that the wording and format of the questions were as straightforward as possible to save time and avoid confusion.
- In developing survey questions, consider having survey design specialists review your survey instrument to ensure that it does not introduce undue bias or steer respondents toward particular answers. Including "Does not apply" as an answer choice was particularly helpful in the Baltimore survey as, for example, we asked about the distance traveled and mode of transportation used by clients although some of the survey sites were retirement communities where clients were not traveling to obtain food. Academicians at area colleges can be particularly helpful in shaping an appropriate survey instrument. Please see our Baltimore survey instrument for ideas.
- Test your survey before administering it widely. Before launching the survey process in Baltimore, MFB conducted a test run of the instrument. We asked a focus group, consisting of MFB staff and volunteers, to take the survey and offer feedback. Then we conducted the survey at a local food pantry and collected client feedback there as well. This type of test run is critical for ensuring that any glitches are identified and corrected at the very outset.
- Anticipate the need to translate materials. Your survey instrument and volunteer protocols may need to be translated into languages other than English to reflect the demographics of the community.
- Respect clients' privacy. The survey instruments we used did not ask for any personal identifying information from respondents out of respect for privacy concerns, particularly among populations that may have concerns about immigration status.
- Take advantage of software to keep track of your results. In Baltimore, we used Survey Monkey to track results and it worked well for our purposes. We needed a premium version of Survey Monkey to accommodate the large number of survey responses.
- Capture data in a way that enables analysis. Survey Monkey automatically provides charts summarizing survey data. However, for more sophisticated analysis the data must be exported and manipulated. MFB analyzed the data from Survey Monkey in Microsoft Excel. Mapping of food distribution sites was done using ArcGIS.
2. Selecting Survey Sites
In Baltimore, survey responses were gathered at 29 food distribution sites in 17 neighborhoods. We took a range of factors into account during the site selection process, including:
- The demographic features of potential locations, including racial and ethnic attributes, household income, unemployment rates, prevalence of food insecurity, and others.
- The geographic distribution of locations across the city.
- The capacity of the food distribution site to provide space to conduct the survey on-site, and the staff's responsiveness to the request to participate.
- The type of site (e.g., pantry, mobile pantry, on-site feeding locations, senior-focused locations, K–12 locations, sites that were part of MFB's pantry network and those that were not, etc.).
- The type of distribution model (client choice, pre-bagged approach, or a combination of the two).
When constructing your project schedule, allow plenty of time to secure the cooperation of the survey sites. Many pantries and soup kitchens have limited staffing and hours of operation and can be very hard to reach. In Baltimore it took as long as several weeks to secure organizations' participation.
3. Administering the Survey
- To reach 1,000 clients over a 10-week period, MFB recruited 32 volunteers to administer the survey. They included people from MFB's staff and volunteer program, as well as students from the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. All volunteers were given an orientation and trained by MFB's volunteer program manager on technical aspects of the survey process (e.g., how to use mobile hot spots, Chromebook tablets, and Survey Monkey; how to distribute/track gift cards) and interpersonal skills (e.g., how to interact with clients). The use of a centrally managed pool of volunteers was critical, as many food distribution sites would not have had the capacity to conduct the survey themselves.
- The food bank prepared "survey kits" for volunteers to sign out. They included Chromebooks, styluses, mobile hot spots, paper copies of the survey, and pens, as well as volunteer guidance and a script to be used once the volunteer was on site (see Volunteer Guidance resource).
- All surveys were administered at food distribution sites during times when clients were picking up or eating food (e.g., at soup kitchens). The survey team would usually set up 30 to 60 minutes before clients began to arrive.
- At each site where surveys were conducted, at least one MFB staff member and one volunteer were present.
- MFB purchased three Chromebooks to conduct the survey electronically. However, with only three Chromebooks available, volunteers could survey only three clients at a time, significantly slowing the process. To address this, volunteers switched from using Chromebooks to paper surveys. Clients were given a paper copy of the survey, a clipboard, and a pen and were asked to complete the survey by hand. While using Chromebooks initially appeared to be more time efficient, using paper copies allowed volunteers to survey many more clients at a time. After finishing the survey work at a given location, volunteers input the data from each paper survey into Survey Monkey.
- If literacy challenges arose, a volunteer read the survey out loud to the client and recorded the responses in writing.
- Volunteers who were able to conduct the survey verbally in Spanish were available as needed.
- Clients typically completed the survey while waiting to receive food. This proved more effective than asking clients to participate as they left the food distribution site.
- Clients who completed the survey received a $5 gift card to a local retailer to compensate them for their valuable time and perspective. Before giving the client the gift card, the volunteer checked the survey for completeness. This quality check was very important as clients would sometimes rush through the survey and miss entire pages or skip some questions. We found that taking a moment to review the survey with the client improved the quality and completeness of responses. It also reinforced to the client how important his or her opinion was.
- It is important to have a protocol in place to ensure that each client is surveyed only once. The Maryland Food Bank addressed this by visiting each survey site only once. Given the geographic diversity of the sites, this reduced the risk of multiple responses from the same client. In addition, MFB asked all potential survey respondents if they had taken the survey previously.
- Surveys were conducted in private if space at the food distribution site allowed. This was done out of respect for the client's dignity and privacy and had the added benefit of reducing distractions, thereby making the survey process faster and easier.


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The objective of this Letter is to examine the utility of multispectral video data to supplement image data from satellite sensors in the environmental assessment of New Jersey nearshore waters. Due to the complexity of environmental conditions in nearshore waters, such applications of remote sensing technology may require a wide range of sensors. It was concluded that multispec-tral video data are a low cost and useful supplement-particularly when imaging of the water surface from satellite sensors is prohibited by weather conditions.
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
- Earth and Planetary Sciences(all)


text:
- Original Pdf: pdf
- Abstract: Although mathematical expressions (MEs) recognition have achieved great progress, the development of MEs recognition in real scenes is still unsatisfactory. Inspired by the recent work of neutral network, this paper proposes a novel two-stage approach which takes a printed mathematical expression image as input and generates LaTeX sequence as output. In the first stage, this method locates and recognizes the math symbols of input image by object detection algorithm. In the second stage, it translates math symbols with position information into LaTeX sequences by seq2seq model equipped with attention mechanism. In particular, the detection of mathematical symbols and the structural analysis of mathematical formulas are carried out separately in two steps, which effectively improves the recognition accuracy and enhances the generalization ability. The experiment demonstrates that the two-stage method significantly outperforms the end-to-end method. Especially, the ExpRate(expression recognition rate) of our model is 74.1%, 20.3 percentage points higher than that of the end-to-end model on the test data that doesn't come from the same source as training data.
- Keywords: mathematical expressions recognition, seq2seq model


The creep and creep rupture of SMC-R50 under different thermomechanical conditions
dc.contributor.authorYen, Shing-Chungen
dc.contributor.departmentEngineering Mechanicsen
dc.date.accessioned2017-01-30T21:23:59Zen
dc.date.available2017-01-30T21:23:59Zen
dc.date.issued1984en
dc.description.abstractThe creep and creep recovery behavior of a random fiber composite (SMC-R50) at elevated temperature and constant humidity were investigated experimentally and theoretically. The short time creep response for four constant stress levels at each of four selected temperature levels was experimentally determined. It was found that repeatable results can be obtained by applying a mechanical conditioning prior to each creep and creep recovery test. Creep data were modelled using the Findley equation which contains three parameters, εO (the instantaneous creep response), m (the amplitude of transient creep), and n (the time exponent). It was found that the time exponent is a function of time but approaches to an asymptotic value when the duration of creep is long. Thus, at a constant temperature level, one long-time creep test and four short-time creep tests were conducted. The long-time creep results were used to determine the proper time exponent n. The short time creep data for constant load were used to determine the Findley parameters εO and m. It was found that the Findley equation represented the creep results very accurately. Based on the short-time creep results, the Findley equation was used to predict the long time creep response and the creep response due to multiple step loadings. Five long time creep experiments were conducted. Four of them were 10,000 minutes long and were conducted at the same stress level (6,510 psi) but different temperature levels. The fifth creep experiment was conducted at 5,425 psi and 185°F over a three week period. Three multiple step creep experiments were conducted. These tests were of different load steps and durations. In all cases, it was found that the Findley equation predicted both long time creep response and multiple step creep response very accurately. Since repeatable results were obtained from conditioned specimens, the test results were compared to experimental data obtained from unconditioned specimens. It was found that experimental results of the conditioned specimens fell within the scatter band of the data for the unconditioned specimens. A free energy based failure criterion (proposed by Reiner and Weisenberg) was coupled with the Findley equation to predict the creep rupture time of SMC-R50. It was found that the critical free energy at the time of failure is temperature dependent. For a constant temperature, the critical free energy required for rupture is essentially a constant. It is also concluded that, for limited data, the Reiner-Weisenberg failure criterion provj.dl!S overall good prediction of the time to failure for SMC-R50.en
dc.description.degreePh. D.en
dc.format.extentxii, 138 leavesen
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10919/74710en
dc.language.isoen_USen
dc.publisherVirginia Polytechnic Institute and State Universityen
dc.relation.isformatofOCLC# 11223650en
dc.rightsIn Copyrighten
dc.rights.urihttp://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/en
dc.subject.lccLD5655.V856 1984.Y45en
dc.subject.lcshFibrous composites -- Creepen
dc.titleThe creep and creep rupture of SMC-R50 under different thermomechanical conditionsen
dc.typeDissertationen
dc.type.dcmitypeTexten
thesis.degree.disciplineEngineering Mechanicsen
thesis.degree.grantorVirginia Polytechnic Institute and State Universityen
thesis.degree.leveldoctoralen
thesis.degree.namePh. D.en
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Digital Health Platform Handbook: Building a Digital Information Infrastructure for Health
Abstract: The COVID-19 global health emergency has dramatically underlined the importance of harnessing the full power of digital technologies to strengthen health systems and programmes. The Digital Health Platform Handbook aims to assist countries with the advancement of their national digital health system, specifically through the use of a digital health platform, or DHP. This digital platform provides the underlying foundation for the various digital health applications and systems used to support health and care services. It enables individual applications and systems to interoperate and work together in an integrated manner. It provides a central hub, linking together disparate and unconnected systems and applications, enabling faster, more efficient and more reliable information exchange, and promoting increased access to health data across a range of applications and devices.
Resource Type: Guidance and Tools


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Results of IT industry developmentA meeting of the Board of the Ministry for Development of Information Technologies and Communications of the Republic of Uzbekistan was held in the city of Tashkent under the chairmanship of the Minister Azim Akhmedkhadjayev, during which the results of development of the ICT for the first half of 2018 were summed up, as well as issues of attracting foreign investments and implementing investment projects in IT sector were considered.
The event was attended by representatives of joint stock companies, enterprises and organizations in the field of information technologies and communications.
For the first half of this year, 690 kilometers of fiber-optic communication lines were laid, which significantly increased the capacity of local telecommunications networks. Along with this, the speed of connection to international Internet channels also increased, which exceeded 140 gigabits per second, which is 1.5 times more than at the beginning of this year.
Significant work was carried out in the field of improving the quality of mobile communications. The main attention in this direction was paid on remote regions, where previously there were many unreached territories by mobile network. Here, 1004 base stations were installed and put into operation, including 483 on 3G and 4G LTE technology. To date, the total length of local fiber-optic lines has reached 24.5 thousand kilometers, and the total number of base stations has exceeded 20 thousand.
Following the meeting, tasks and projects were considered, implementation of which is scheduled for this year.
Roman Bondarchuk, UzA


What will the new migration system mean for construction firms?
What will the new migration system mean for construction firms?
Changes to UK immigration rules were published in January, spelling out a points-based system. Ostensibly, the system will be based on skills – but in practice, salary – and it could create problems for industries accustomed to low-paid migrant labour.
What will the new migration system mean for construction firms
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Industries most affected could include hospitals, agriculture, care-working and construction.
What will the new migration system mean for construction firms2
Image Credit
According to the Office for National Statistics, one in ten workers do not have British passports. In building construction, the figures vary regionally; it is only 3% in Wales but 40% in London.
What the guidelines mean
To take up a vacancy, non-Britons will need to speak English and have a well-paid job offer. Salary is used as a measure of their value to the economy.
To put the guidelines in perspective, the government revises them every few months, so nobody should believe they are written in stone.
The new criteria (salary levels) are lower than those proposed by Theresa May, and the commitment to reduce annual immigration below 100,000 has been abandoned.
The government has recognised that nursing and agriculture are dependent on low-paid workers and softened the rules for them. Construction jobs are not exempt, but any sector with a recognised labour shortage can get an exemption.
EU workers already resident here are protected from re-evaluation until 2025, so the changes have little short-term impact.
Problems ahead
The salary criteria raise many anomalies: a labourer will need a salary offer of £25,600 but a technician will only need £20,480. This could distort pay differentials, discouraging British trainees from entering the sectors where they are most needed.
The government has berated businesses for hiring cheap labour instead of investing in training and more productive machinery, but will they facilitate it? Raising salaries and labour shortages squeeze the budgets for training schemes and machinery investments.
Engineering firms like Dana SAC UK, who supplied state-of-the-art hydraulic cylinders and hydraulic winch for the Thames' latest bridge could be hit. Subsidising training courses in things like the hydraulic winch could help British workers fill higher skilled vacancies.
The conflation of merit with salary has caused offense to many underpaid workers, British and foreign alike. It probably makes administration easier, but if it encourages firms from placing migrants into well-paid jobs instead of promoting British workers, it will do little to redress hostility to immigration.
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text:
Are you tired of your audio device emitting an annoying crackling sound? Have you noticed that it only happens when you're reading Black Book? You're not alone. This issue is common among many audiophiles and can be frustrating. In this article, we will explore the causes behind the crackling sound and provide you with step-by-step solutions to fix it. From identifying the root cause of the problem to troubleshooting the audio device, we'll cover everything you need to know to restore your listening experience to its former glory. So buckle up and let's get started!
|Cause of Crackling Sound
|Dryness or Irritation in Eyes
|Apply Eye Drops
|Drink Plenty of Water and Get Enough Sleep
|Use Adequate Lighting
|Choose a Well-Lit Area for Reading
|Use an Air Purifier
|Close Windows and Doors to Keep Out Pollutants
Understanding the Causes of Crackling Sound After Reading Black Book
When reading a physical book, sometimes you may hear a crackling sound while flipping through the pages. This can be caused by several factors, including:
1. Dust and debris on the book's cover or spine: Over time, dust and debris can accumulate on the cover of a book, causing it to make a crackling sound when you turn the pages. You should brush off any dust or debris gently with a soft-bristled brush or compressed air.
2. Dryness of the paper: If the paper in the book is too dry, it can cause the ink to crackle as you flip through the pages. To fix this problem, you can place the book on a flat surface and expose it to humidity for a few hours.
3. Age of the book: Old books are more likely to make crackling sounds than newer ones. This is because the paper may have become brittle or discolored over time. However, some old books are still in good condition and can be enjoyed without any issues.
4. Damage to the spine or cover: If the spine or cover of the book has been damaged, it may cause the pages to make a crackling sound when you turn them. In this case, the book may need to be taken to a professional for repairs.
5. Reading in a noisy environment: If you are reading in a noisy environment, such as near a fan or air conditioner, it can create a crackling sound that is not related to the book itself. You should try to read in a quiet location to minimize any distractions.
Identifying the root cause of the crackling sound is important because it will help you determine the best course of action to fix the problem. For example, if the issue is caused by dryness of the paper, you can simply expose the book to humidity and continue reading. However, if the damage is more severe, such as a damaged spine or cover, you may need to seek professional assistance.
Troubleshooting Techniques to Fix the Issue
Once you have identified the cause of the crackling sound, there are several troubleshooting techniques you can use to fix the problem:
1. Quick fix solutions for minor issues: For minor issues, such as dust or debris on the book's cover, you can simply brush off any dirt with a soft-bristled brush or compressed air. If the issue is caused by dryness of the paper, you can place the book on a flat surface and expose it to humidity for a few hours.
2. More in-depth troubleshooting steps for more severe problems: For more severe issues, such as damage to the spine or cover, you may need to take the book to a professional for repairs. If the issue is caused by a faulty binding, you may need to replace the entire book. In some cases, it may be necessary to replace individual pages if they are damaged.
It's important to note that not all issues with crackling sound can be fixed, and in some cases, the damage may be irreversible. If the book is too old or damaged, it may be best to accept its condition and continue reading without any distractions.
Adjusting Your Reading Environment
In addition to troubleshooting techniques, adjusting your reading environment can also help minimize crackling sounds:
1. Lighting: Poor lighting can cause the pages of a book to appear grainy or blurry, which can contribute to crackling sounds. Make sure you are reading in a well-lit area with good contrast between the page and the background. You can also adjust the angle of the light source to find the optimal balance.
2. Distance and angle: Reading too close to the book can cause strain on your eyes and make it more difficult to read. Try to maintain a comfortable distance from the book and adjust the angle of your reading glasses if necessary. Additionally, avoid holding the book in one hand for extended periods of time, as this can put undue stress on your arm and wrist.
By making these adjustments to your reading environment, you can minimize crackling sounds and improve your overall reading experience.
1. Fixing Cracking Sound After Reading Black Book
If you've ever experienced a crackling sound while reading a book, it can be quite frustrating. Fortunately, there are several ways to fix this issue and get back to enjoying your book without any distractions. In this section, we will discuss the most common causes of a crackling sound when reading and how you can fix them.
2. Understanding the Causes
There are several factors that can cause a crackling sound while reading, including:
– Page turning: When you turn pages quickly, it can put stress on the spine of the book. Over time, this can lead to cracking sounds.
– Finger pressure: If you apply too much pressure on the pages when turning them, it can cause damage to the spine and pages of the book. This can also contribute to a crackling sound.
– Storage conditions: Improper storage conditions can cause books to dry out and become brittle. When this happens, the pages may crack more easily when turning them, leading to a crackling sound.
3. Fixing the Issue
To fix a crackling sound while reading, you can try several methods:
– Use a bookmark: Instead of flipping through the pages quickly, use a bookmark to keep your place in the book. This will reduce the stress on the spine and prevent damage to the pages.
– Slide your finger off the page gently: If you do need to turn a page, slide your finger off the page gently instead of lifting it up abruptly. This can help prevent damage to the spine and pages of the book.
– Store your books properly: Make sure your books are stored in a cool, dry place with proper ventilation. Avoid stacking books on top of each other or placing them in direct sunlight, as these can cause the pages to become brittle and crack more easily.
4. Choosing the Right Reading Materials
To avoid cracking sounds while reading, it's important to choose the right materials for your reading needs. Here are some factors to consider:
– Format: Hardcover books are generally the best option for reading because they offer more protection for the spine and pages than paperback or eBook formats. However, if you prefer a lighter or smaller book, a paperback or eBook may be a better choice.
– Condition: Avoid purchasing books that are in poor condition, as these may be prone to cracking sounds while reading. Look for books with a firm spine and pages that are not brittle or discolored.
– Author: Choose books written by experienced authors who know how to write engaging stories without overly stressing the reader's hands.
5. Preventive Measures to Avoid Future Problems
To prevent crackling sounds while reading in the future, here are some tips to consider:
– Store your books properly: Proper storage conditions can help prevent damage to the spine and pages of your books, reducing the risk of cracking sounds.
– Use bookmarks or page markers: Instead of flipping through the pages quickly, use bookmarks or page markers to keep your place in the book. This will reduce stress on the spine and prevent damage to the pages.
– Be gentle with your books: Handle your books gently when turning pages or placing them on shelves. Avoid applying too much pressure on the spine or pages, as this can cause damage and increase the risk of cracking sounds.
– Choose high-quality materials: Invest in high-quality books made from durable materials that will last longer and withstand more use. Avoid purchasing cheap or poorly made books that are prone to cracking sounds.
1. What is a crackling sound when reading a Black Book?
A crackling sound when reading a Black Book may indicate that there is a problem with the device's speakers or audio output. It could also be a sign of hardware failure or damage to the device.
2. How do I fix a crackling sound in my Black Book?
Here are some steps you can take to fix a crackling sound in your Black Book:
– Check the speaker connections: Make sure that all cables and connections between the speakers and the device are securely plugged in.
– Restart the device: Turn off the Black Book and then turn it back on. This may help to reset any audio issues.
– Clean the speakers: Dust or debris can build up on the speakers, causing a crackling sound. Use a soft brush or compressed air to clean the speakers carefully.
– Update the device drivers: Make sure that your Black Book's drivers are up to date. Outdated drivers can cause audio issues.
3. Why is there a crackling sound when I read on my Black Book?
There could be several reasons for a crackling sound when reading on your Black Book, including:
– Speaker damage: If the speakers are damaged, they may produce a crackling sound.
– Audio settings issues: If the audio settings on your Black Book are not configured correctly, you may hear a crackling sound.
– Background noise: If there is background noise in the room where you are reading, it can cause


text:
Latin American Studies
The LAS program at UW-Eau Claire has come to distinguish itself as a unique program for its focus on international immersion experiences and its expectation of a high level of language proficiency from its students. Along with developing language proficiency in Spanish, students also gain in-depth knowldge and understanding of Latin America and Latinos/Hispanics in the United States through an array of courses from multiple disciplines including economics, geography, political science, art history, religion, history, anthropology and public and environmental health.
Your Gift Supports:
Support the general needs of the Latin American Studies program with a gift of any amount to the Latin American Studies Advancement Fund, which is used to meet the needs of the program that cannot be met by the state-assisted university operating budget. The fund enables the department to take advantage of opportunities to advance its cause.
- Scholarships and general funds to provide the greatest level of flexibility for operations and ongoing program development.
- An endowed Latin American Studies Scholarship to ensure a guaranteed source of annual scholarships. The initial endowment goal is $15,000, with an ultimate goal of a $100,000 scholarship endowment. This will provide a guaranteed pool of $4,000 to be awarded for scholarships.
- Flexible support for student programs, recruitment of faculty and students, and exploration opportunities out of the classroom. Ideally, we would like to have an endowment of $25,000, which would provide an annual allocation of $1,000 to be used to meet the greatest needs of the program.


View source on GitHub
Returns a function that can be used to apply L2 regularization to weights.
Small values of L2 can help prevent overfitting the training data.
scale A scalar multiplier Tensor. 0.0 disables the regularizer.
scope An optional scope name.
A function with signature l2(weights) that applies L2 regularization.
ValueError If scale is negative or if scale is not a float.


text:
In the ever-evolving world of digital art, a new subgenre has taken root: speed art. This form of artistic expression thrives on its rapid creation, often captured and condensed into mesmerizing time-lapse videos. While speed art embraces a diverse range of subjects, one particular domain has become synonymous with this unique style: gaming fan art.
Fuelled by a passionate community of gamers and artists, gaming fan art through speed art has blossomed into a vibrant artistic landscape. This article delves into the essence of this phenomenon, exploring its motivations, methods, and impact on the gaming and art worlds.
Motivations Behind the Speed:
The impetus behind speed art is multifaceted. For some artists, it's a thrilling challenge, pushing their technical skills and artistic decision-making to their limits. The pressure of time forces them to be more decisive and spontaneous, leading to unexpected results and a unique sense of dynamism in their work.
For others, speed art serves as a form of entertainment and engagement with their audience. Capturing the entire creative process in a concise time-lapse video allows viewers to witness the artist's thought process and skill in real time, fostering a deeper connection and appreciation for the finished piece.
Beyond personal motivations, speed art offers an avenue for dedicated gamers to express their love and appreciation for their favorite characters, worlds, and narratives. By recreating iconic imagery or injecting their own creative interpretations, these artists contribute to the vibrant fan culture surrounding their chosen games.
Methods of the Speed Demon:
While the essence of speed art lies in its rapid creation, artists employ various methods to achieve their desired results. Some focus on pre-planning and preparation, meticulously sketching out their composition and color schemes beforehand. This approach ensures a smoother workflow and minimizes wasted time during the actual painting process.
Others favor a more improvisational approach, embracing the spontaneity and unpredictable nature of speed art. Using a limited palette or restricting themselves to specific tools, they allow their creativity to flourish in the moment, leading to organic and unexpected outcomes.
The digital tools employed by speed artists play a crucial role in their process. Software like Photoshop, Clip Studio Paint, and Krita offer a plethora of brushes, textures, and effects that can be manipulated with remarkable speed and fluidity. Drawing tablets and pressure-sensitive pens further enhance the artist's control and precision, allowing them to translate their vision onto the digital canvas with impressive dexterity.
Impact on the Gaming and Art Worlds:
The rise of speed art has had a significant impact on both the gaming qq alfa and art communities. For game developers, it offers valuable insights into player engagement and the artistic interpretations their creations inspire. Witnessing the passion and talent poured into fan art can be a deeply rewarding experience for developers, reinforcing their connection to their player base.
From an artistic perspective, speed art has democratized the art creation process, making it more accessible and engaging for a broader audience. Time-lapse videos offer a behind-the-scenes glimpse into the artistic workflow, demystifying the creative process and inspiring aspiring artists to embark on their own artistic journeys.
Furthermore, speed art fosters a sense of community and collaboration amongst artists. Platforms like Twitch and YouTube provide spaces for artists to share their work, offer constructive criticism, and learn from each other's techniques. This collaborative environment allows artists to hone their skills and push the boundaries of the speed art genre.
The art of speed art, particularly within the realm of gaming fan art, represents a fascinating convergence of passion, skill, and technology. It offers a unique window into the creative process, showcasing the impressive talent and dedication of artists within the gaming community. As this artistic form continues to evolve, it promises to further enrich the digital art landscape and inspire a new generation of creative minds.


text:
A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Modularized, Computer-Assisted, Self-Paced Approach to Developmental Math
Community colleges are a large sector of postsecondary education. In 2016-2017, the United States had nearly 1,000 public 2-year postsecondary institutions (community colleges), serving almost nine million students, representing 39% of all undergraduates. The majority of entering community college students require developmental (or remedial) math. Success rates in the developmental math course sequence and college more broadly are discouragingly low. Policymakers, practitioners, and researchers alike are eagerly searching for reforms to improve success rates, but there is a dearth of causal evidence on the effectiveness of most proposed reforms. We sought to answer the following question: What effect does a modularized, computer-assisted, self-paced approach to developmental math (compared with a more "traditional" direct-instruction course alternative) have on students' likelihood of completing the developmental math course sequence? Findings from a randomized controlled trial (n =1,403) are presented. The program was well implemented; however, we did not find evidence that this approach was superior to the "traditional" math class. Although these results are disappointing, they are important because modularization and self-paced computer-assisted instruction are popular reforms.


text:
Scientists link ancient Arctic camel to modern breed
OTTAWA (AP) — Ancient, mummified camel bones dug from the tundra confirm that the animals now synonymous with the arid sands of Arabia actually developed in subfreezing forests in what is now Canada's High Arctic, a scientist said Tuesday.
About 3.5 million years ago, Strathcona Fiord on Ellesmere Island's west-central coast would have looked more like a northern forest than an Arctic landscape, said paleobotanist Natalia Rybczynski of the Canadian Museum of Nature in Ottawa.
"Larch-dominated, lots of wetlands, peat," said Rybczynski, lead author of a study published Tuesday in the journal Nature Communications. Nearby fossil sites have yielded evidence of ancient bears, horses, deer, badgers and frogs. The average yearly temperature would have been about 0 Celsius (32 Fahrenheit).
"If you were standing in it and watching the camel, it would have the feel of a boreal-type forest."
The Arctic camel was 30 percent larger than modern camels, she said. Her best guess is it was one-humped.
Although native camels are now only found in Africa and Asia, scientists have long believed the species actually developed in North America and later died out. Camel remains have been previously found in the Yukon.
What makes Rybczynski's find special is not only how far north it was found, but its state of preservation.
The 30 fragments found in the sand and pebbles of the tundra were mummified, not fossilized. So despite their age, the pieces preserved tiny fragments of collagen within them, a common type of protein found in bones.
Analyzing that protein not only proved the fragments were from camels, but from a type of camel that is much more closely related to the modern version than the Yukon camel. Out of the dozens of camel species that once roamed North America, the type Rybczynski found was one of the most likely to have crossed the Bering land bridge and colonized the deserts.
"This is the one that's tied to the ancestry of modern camels," she said.


the parameters of the signal.
The __gproperties__ dictionary is a class property where you define the properties of your object. This is not the recommend way to define new properties, the method written above is much less verbose. The benefits of this method is that a property can be defined with more settings, like the minimum or the maximum for numbers.
The key is the name of the property
The value is a tuple which describe the property. The number of elements of this tuple depends on its first element but the tuple will always contain at least the following items:
The first element is the property's type (e.g. int, float…).
The second element is the property's nick name, which is a string with a short description of the property. This is generally used by programs with strong introspection capabilities, like the graphical user interface builder Glade.
The third one is the property's description or blurb, which is another string with a longer description of the property. Also used by Glade and similar programs.
The last one (which is not necessarily the forth one as we will see later) is the property's flags: GObject.PARAM_READABLE, GObject.PARAM_WRITABLE, GObject.PARAM_READWRITE.
The absolute length of the tuple depends on the property type (the first element of the tuple). Thus we have the following situations:
If the type is bool or str, the forth element is the default value of the property.
If the type is int or float, the forth element is the minimum accepted value, the fifth element is the maximum accepted value and the sixth element is the default value.
If the type is not one of these, there is no extra element.
Invoke the object method handler in the first emission stage.
Invoke the object method handler in the third emission stage.
Invoke the object method handler in the last emission stage.
The property is readable.
The property is writable.
The property is readable and writable.


text:
The purpose of this study was to examine the antihypertensive effects of lower extremity aerobic exercise on resting systolic and diastolic blood pressure among hypertensive adults. Nine studies representing a total of 245 subjects (147 exercise, 98 control) met the criteria for inclusion. Using the meta-analytic technique, exercise-induce effect size reductions significantly different from zero were found for both resting systolic and diastolic blood pressure (mean +/- SD, systolic: 0.63 +/- 0.66, 95% confidence interval, 0.12 to 1.14; diastolic: 0.35 +/- 0.19, 95% confidence interval, 0.19 to 0.49). Effect sizes corresponded with decreases of approximately 7 +/- 5 and 6 +/- 2 mm Hg for resting systolic and diastolic blood pressure, respectively. None of the changes were significant for the control groups. The results of this study suggest that lower extremity aerobic exercise has an antihypertensive effect on resting systolic and diastolic blood pressure in adults. However, a need exists for more meticulously controlled investigations on this topic.
PubMed ID: _PHONE_
MEDLINE is the source for the citation and abstract for this record


drm_hwcomposer: fix pre comp regions during protected playback
During protected video playback an issue could happen when there are layers
below the protected video surface. The current logic in protected plane
provisioning logic includes all layers below the protected layer in precomp
plane in order to draw holes in these. However, when there are other layers in
place, in particular one that has blending (ex. PREMULT). For example:
Layers: count=3
 [0] blending[a=255]=NONE display_frame[x/y/w/h]=0/125/2560/1438
 [1] protected blending[a=255]=NONE display_frame[x/y/w/h]=0/181/2560/1438
 [2] blending[a=255]=PREMULT display_frame[x/y/w/h]=0/0/2560/1800
Planes: count=3
 [0] plane=17 type=LAYER source_layer=1
 [1] plane=22 type=LAYER source_layer=2
 [2] plane=23 type=PRECOMP source_layer=0
Squash Regions: count=0
Pre-Comp Regions: count=0
In this case, layer[0] is below protected surface (layer[1]). This causes
issues because precomp plane is setup to be on the highest z-order all the
time, and any time it isn't it expects any layers with higher z-order will
obscure some contents of the precomp layer. But in this case the layer on top
(layer[2]) has blending enabled (PREMULT) and is transparent so expectation is
that layer[0] is also rendered and blended with layer[2].
By merging any layer that is of higher z-order (layer[2] in example) to precomp
plane, all these layers can be handled during pre composition.
Test: run secure video in split screen mode
Bug: 36879178
Change-Id: I9b63b37fef0ae828c4a781e0d1da264d8a3d7a76
(cherry picked from commit 90414a36371ecb6a898e76a204a45fc5f219a67c)
3 files changed


text:
The City of Bowling Green's "Keep it Clean Bowling Green" Storm Water Program is now available to visit your classroom with a 40 to 50 minute long educational program. Our curriculum consists of information on our local water quality and the following:
- Watershed Model Display (where does water go).
- How do pollutants and chemicals travel through our water?
- Karst Landscape (definition and examples).
-Strong focus on Bowling Green landmarks such as caves, springs and underground rivers.
- Things that we can do to improve water quality.
- Pencils, pens, t-shirts, and other promotional items will be provided.
If you are interested in The City of Bowling Green visiting you or would like more information on our "Keep it Clean Bowling Green" Storm Water Program, contact Tim Slattery at _PHONE_ or email.


What small towns are worth visiting in the Baltic states?
What small towns are worth visiting in the Baltic states?
Baltic Small Towns
From Vilna Gaon's Kėdainiai to elegant Cesis, here are 21 of the loveliest small towns in the Baltics. Discover more towns on our Baltic Trilogy Tour
In this article, I am going to discuss a few reasons why it is worth visiting these small towns.
To begin with, Palanga is about sandy beaches and dunes, sea bridge, fresh iodine filled air, botanical garden and an amber museum in it. In addition to that, it's about numerous cafes and restaurants with tasty food, such as beet soup with sour cream. Therefore, Palanga is a good place to explore Baltic cuisine.
Anykščiai is a town famous in Lithuania for its boulder. According to the scientists, the "stone" was brought here by glaciers between 14000 to 20000 years ago. It is the main landmark in the town. Above all, the sculptor Bronius Pundzius engraved in the stone faces and the last will of Lithuanian pilots who crossed the Atlantic ocean on their plane "Lituanica".
Certainly, Druskininkai is a well-known spa town in the very southern tip of Lithuania. The name of the town implies this, as druska means "salt". It was first mentioned at the end of the 16th century, popular in the Soviet Union. Pine forests are, literally, in the town. The river is there. It was a popular Sanatoria spot during Soviet times and transformed into a spa town in modern times. A good idea is a day tour to Grodno, which is right on the other side of the border
Panoramic view of Neman river in winter in Druskininkai
Panoramic view Druskininkai
Birštonas is a true balneological resort located within the boundaries of a Nemunas Loop Regional Park. It is known for its mineral waters. It was mentioned already in the 14th century as a place of "salty waters". River Nemunas makes a loop around the town so there is a feeling of being around the water. Most importantly, Birstonas is not far from the capital of Lithuania Vilnius and at the same time from Kaunas.
To begin with, Raudondvaris lies on the Nevėžis River, just 10 kilometers from Kaunas Raudondvaris boasts a beautiful basilica of St. Theresa, museum, parks, and iconic tombstones from the powerful Tyszkiewicz family.
To continue with, Raudondvaris is also home to an elegant Manor Castle and accompanying gardens, stables, and orangery. The powerful Radziwiłł family built it in the year 1615, the palace was once known for its fine arts collection, which included paintings by Da Vinci, Caravaggio, Rubens, and others.
Kėdainiai is a charming town that maintains much of its old atmosphere from the 17th century. Its rich Jewish heritage is still evident in remnants of synagogues and a Jewish cemetery. Kėdainiai is relatively close to a Kaunas airport. For some reason, it's often overlooked by tourists–but not by Jerulita Travel. On our tour through Lithuania, we introduce you to the town's beautiful market square and the wooden St. Juozapo Church.
A favorite spot for many beachgoers and summer vacationers, Nida is one of the most idyllic towns along the Curonian Spit. With its thick forests, an impressive stretch of sand dunes, and a stunning lagoon, Nida makes for a perfect summer getaway.
Moreover, Nida as the whole Neringa is Unesco world heritage place. Neringa is a unique region within Lithuania. A good idea for a day tour from Nida is to cross the border and visit a Russian part of a Curonian Spit.
Daugavpils is the second largest city in Latvia after Ryga. Historically, on a railway crossroad between Warsaw and St. Petersburg, as well as Ryga and Minsk.
There is a Daugavpils fortress. The Russian Tsar Alexander I decided to build it in 1810, anticipating Napoleon's invasion. Last but not least, the city boasts multicultural history, as the city had a significant population of Jews, Belarussians, Russians, and Poles.
West of Riga is Sabile, a small town that boasts to be the northernmost outdoor vineyard in the world. This is recorded in the Guinness Book of Records. Due to the southward facing slopes, vineyards became a reality here. Sabile's wine traditions started yet in the 16th century. If you're lucky enough to visit in July, be sure to stop by the annual Wine Festival.
It is also the place where you'll find the Open-Air Museum at Pedale Manor, created by famed Latvian sculptor Ojars Feldbergs.
Sigulda lies on the southern part of the Gauja National Park. Firstly, Turaida Castle is a must visit place, which is on the other side of the Gauja river from the town's center. Livonians built the castle yet in the 13th century. From the Turaida Castle, there is a perfect view on the river and the Gauja National Park.
Funicular in Sigulda, Latvia
Funicular in Sigulda, Latvia
The westernmost Latvian city on the Baltic sea boasts sandy beaches. It is the 3rd largest city in the country and provides a truly Baltic experience. There are many churches museums and other monuments, Art Nouveau buildings. Because there were many industrial sites during Soviet times, there is loads of Soviet architecture as well. Nowadays, known for its coffee and beer brewery.
Liepaja sea shore
Liepaja sea shore
One of the easternmost towns not only in Latvia but the European Union in general, a heart of a historical Latgale region with its own language dialect. It is an important stop on a railway between Ryga and Moscow. You could still find many wooden houses in the town, such as a Green Synagogue and St.Nicholas Old-Believers Church. Latgales Mara is one of the most known statues in the whole Latvia.
In addition, Raznas National park with its stunning nature and lakes is close to the town.
Full of fascinating historical sites, castle and natural wonders, Cesis is a must-see for any visitor to Latvia. You could easily spend a whole day touring the regions outdoors. In the town, medieval remnants abound, from the 13th-century St. John's Church to the ruins of Cesis Castle, once held by the Livonian Order and now home to the Cesis History Museum. Above all, Cesis is located in the very middle of the Gauja National Park.
Ludza is Latvia's oldest known town, mentioned as far back as the 10th century. The once-great Ludza Castle was the far eastern outpost of the Livonian Border and served as a crossroads and trading post. After the dissolution of a Livonian Order, it became part of a Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Most importantly, Ludza History Museum and its open-air exposition invite to learn the history of the region.
The small town of Alatskivi is something out a fairytale, with the fine Gothic Alatskivi Castle. You'll also find the romantic Alatskivi Lake in the town, which makes a cozy natural setting. What is more, Lake Peipus, the fifth largest in all of Europe is within a walking or cycling distance from the town.
The small town of Keila is easily overlooked by visitors, but the ancient village has been in the northwestern corner of Latvia ever since the 10th century. Nature lovers might find wonders in the million-year-old limestone, the Keila River, and the marvelous waterfalls that simply shouldn't be missed.
Waterfalls in Keila
Waterfalls in Keila
Quiet and peaceful Saaremaa Island is one of the most beloved regions in all of Estonia. Here, the city of Kuressaare, which is a "capital city" of the island is home to Kuressaare Castle, erected in 1380 and now home to one of the largest and most popular museums in the country.
Folk has spoken of the healing seawaters of Haapsalu for hundreds of years. This quiet town avoids the bustle of many resort towns yet retains its charming, pleasant atmosphere. The area is also home to a picturesque castle and old town, which makes for a very photogenic weekend getaway. Most importantly, the town is famous since the times of the Russian Empire due to its muds. Mud spas are still operating..
National symphony orchestra on Haapsalu Tchaikovsky Festival
Haapsalu Tchaikovsky Festival 2019
To continue with, a small but ancient town in Estonia. The castle dates back to the 13th century.Viljandi is on the shore of the picturesque Lake Viljandi. A popular attraction is exploring the lake on the boat or kayaking. In addition, Viljandi Folk Music Festival takes place each July. Last but not least, Hanseatic days remind once powerful commercial, trade, and defensive union of the northern European towns. Symbolically, visitors can buy and sell traditional goods during Hanseatic days.
Narva is a town in eastern


text: The feasibility of using acoustic and plasma optical feedback emissions for guidance during pulsed laser lithotripsy and angioplasty procedures was studied in-vitro. A flash-lamp pumped tunable dye laser operating at a wavelength of 504 nm (coumarin green) was used as the laser source. Acoustic signals were recorded with a hydrophone which has a useful frequency response of up to 350 KHz. Plasma optical emissions were transmitted retrograde along the laser fiber and reflected through a beam splitter to an optical detection system consisting of a series of spectral filters (to transmit plasma radiation from 380 to 440 nm and block any 504 nm laser light) and a photomultiplier tube. Measurements of the laser-induced acoustic and the plasma optical emission signals were obtained from urinary and biliary calculi, ex-vivo bovine ureters, blood, blood clots, bile, atheromatous plaque and normal arterial wall. Results of monitoring show that it is possible to know without direct vision whether the laser energy is being discharged in the lumen, on healthy soft tissue, or on calculus or atheromatous plaque. Blood, blood clots, bile produced strong acoustic signals but no plasma signals; calculi and plaque produced strong plasma and strong acoustic signals. Neither plasma nor significant acoustic signals were produced by normal ureteral or arterial wall. These distinctions may allow clinical laser fragmentation of calculi or ablation of plaque to be performed with fewer complications.


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Following the comments to this answer to another question, what is the difference between size and magnitude?
I know there's a difference, but can someone put it in a nutshell for me?
share|improve this question
What is it that you find confusing after reading the definitions? – KitFox Aug 26 '11 at 11:28
I can't state it out in a logical way. I can't state their difference. Like what Matt Ellen said, he disagreed with what I said – Thursagen Aug 26 '11 at 11:30
I'm not sure the comments to the answer you're referencing use size and magnitude correctly, although they certainly serve to convey the intended meaning. – Peter Shor Aug 26 '11 at 13:08
I don't think this one will fit in a nutshell. Anything you say about either definition can be contradicted by a counterexample or a counter-definition from a particular discipline (astronomy, mathematics, etc.) – JeffSahol Aug 26 '11 at 13:14
In science, magnitude also means the amount (or absolute value) of something without considering the direction. So a force of 10 N at an angle of 30° has a magnitude of 10 N. – mgb Aug 26 '11 at 16:53
5 Answers 5
up vote 7 down vote accepted
Usually, size connotes physical dimensions while magnitude connotes either a numerical measure (particularly a non-linear one) of any sort of amount or metaphorical size.
"What size is that screw?" (Physical dimensions)
"A problem of immense magnitude" (Metaphorical size)
You can also use size to mean metaphorical size, but you usually can't use magnitude alone to mean physical size. (Nobody would say "What's your sneaker magnitude?")
share|improve this answer
+1: I think the suggestion that size is primarily used for physical dimensions while magnitude is more generally applicable sounds right. – AAT Aug 26 '11 at 22:35
I'm certainly going to be asking people for their "sneaker magnitude" after reading this. – gcbenison Apr 28 '12 at 3:33
The difference/usage exists mainly in natural sciences (physics)
 - size: has nearly always a linear scale, if the size gets bigger, it also means higher positive absolute values of the according physical quantitiy (temperature, volume,...)
 - magnitude: has more the meaning "order of magnitude" and is often used esp. for logarithmic scales when linear scales are too unhandy and typical order of magnitudes like milli, nano,... fail for practical use (e.g. magnitude of earthquakes, apparent magnitude in astronomy (here the unity is mag but a more negative mag value means a brighter astronomical object! so its counter intuitive to typical physical quantities.)).
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"Magnitude" connotes the quality of being big, whereas "size" is merely a measure of how big something is.
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Sounds very explanatory for me. – MoonLight Aug 27 '11 at 23:38
In mathematics, magnitude, together with direction, describes a vector. For instance, an object is said to have a velocity if it travels in a particular direction (say, "Northeast") at a particular rate (say, "30 knots"). The magnitude of velocity is speed, which does not imply a direction. Only values with a direction are said to have magnitude in this way; scalar values, such as an object's mass, or physical dimension (size) is never described in this way. Of course, there are many other ways that the word'magnitude' is used
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Both have technical meanings - e.g. size in fashion, magnitude in cosmology. However, in general usage the difference is really a matter of register.
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