API
Dask APIs generally follow from upstream APIs:
Additionally, Dask has its own functions to start computations, persist data in memory, check progress, and so forth that complement the APIs above. These more general Dask functions are described below:
compute(*args, **kwargs) Compute several dask collections at once.
is_dask_collection(x) Returns True if x is a dask collection
optimize(*args, **kwargs) Optimize several dask collections at once.
persist(*args, **kwargs) Persist multiple Dask collections into memory
visualize(*args, **kwargs) Visualize several dask graphs at once.
These functions work with any scheduler. More advanced operations are available when using the newer scheduler and starting a dask.distributed.Client (which, despite its name, runs nicely on a single machine). This API provides the ability to submit, cancel, and track work asynchronously, and includes many functions for complex inter-task workflows. These are not necessary for normal operation, but can be useful for real-time or advanced operation.
This more advanced API is available in the Dask distributed documentation
dask.compute(*args, **kwargs)
Compute several dask collections at once.
Parameters:
args : object
Any number of objects. If it is a dask object, it's computed and the result is returned. By default, python builtin collections are also traversed to look for dask objects (for more information see the traverse keyword). Non-dask arguments are passed through unchanged.
traverse : bool, optional
By default dask traverses builtin python collections looking for dask objects passed to compute. For large collections this can be expensive. If none of the arguments contain any dask objects, set traverse=False to avoid doing this traversal.
scheduler : string, optional
Which scheduler to use like "threads", "synchronous" or "processes". If not provided, the default is to check the global settings first, and then fall back to the collection defaults.
optimize_graph : bool, optional
If True [default], the optimizations for each collection are applied before computation. Otherwise the graph is run as is. This can be useful for debugging.
kwargs
Extra keywords to forward to the scheduler function.
Examples
>>> import dask.array as da
>>> a = da.arange(10, chunks=2).sum()
>>> b = da.arange(10, chunks=2).mean()
>>> compute(a, b)
(45, 4.5)
By default, dask objects inside python collections will also be computed:
>>> compute({'a': a, 'b': b, 'c': 1})
({'a': 45, 'b': 4.5, 'c': 1},)
dask.is_dask_collection(x)
Returns True if x is a dask collection
dask.optimize(*args, **kwargs)
Optimize several dask collections at once.
Returns equivalent dask collections that all share the same merged and optimized underlying graph. This can be useful if converting multiple collections to delayed objects, or to manually apply the optimizations at strategic points.
Note that in most cases you shouldn't need to call this method directly.
Parameters:
*args : objects
Any number of objects. If a dask object, its graph is optimized and merged with all those of all other dask objects before returning an equivalent dask collection. Non-dask arguments are passed through unchanged.
traverse : bool, optional
By default dask traverses builtin python collections looking for dask objects passed to optimize. For large collections this can be expensive. If none of the arguments contain any dask objects, set traverse=False to avoid doing this traversal.
optimizations : list of callables, optional
Additional optimization passes to perform.
**kwargs
Extra keyword arguments to forward to the optimization passes.
Examples
>>> import dask.array as da
>>> a = da.arange(10, chunks=2).sum()
>>> b = da.arange(10, chunks=2).mean()
>>> a2, b2 = optimize(a, b)
>>> a2.compute() == a.compute()
True
>>> b2.compute() == b.compute()
True
dask.persist(*args, **kwargs)
Persist multiple Dask collections into memory
This turns lazy Dask collections into Dask collections with the same metadata, but now with their results fully computed or actively computing in the background.
For example a lazy dask.array built up from many lazy calls will now be a dask.array of the same shape, dtype, chunks, etc., but now with all of those previously lazy tasks either computed in memory as many small numpy.array (in the single-machine case) or asynchronously running in the background on a cluster (in the distributed case).
This function operates differently if a dask.distributed.Client exists and is connected to a distributed scheduler. In this case this function will return as soon as the task graph has been submitted to the cluster, but before the computations have completed. Computations will continue asynchronously in the background. When using this function with the single machine scheduler it blocks until the computations have finished.
When using Dask on a single machine you should ensure that the dataset fits entirely within memory.
Parameters:
*args: Dask collections
scheduler : string, optional
Which scheduler to use like "threads", "synchronous" or "processes". If not provided, the default is to check the global settings first, and then fall back to the collection defaults.
traverse : bool, optional
By default dask traverses builtin python collections looking for dask objects passed to persist. For large collections this can be expensive. If none of the arguments contain any dask objects, set traverse=False to avoid doing this traversal.
optimize_graph : bool, optional
If True [default], the graph is optimized before computation. Otherwise the graph is run as is. This can be useful for debugging.
**kwargs
Extra keywords to forward to the scheduler function.
Returns:
New dask collections backed by in-memory data
Examples
>>> df = dd.read_csv('/path/to/*.csv')
>>> df = df[df.name == 'Alice']
>>> df['in-debt'] = df.balance < 0
>>> df = df.persist() # triggers computation
>>> df.value().min() # future computations are now fast
-10
>>> df.value().max()
100
>>> from dask import persist # use persist function on multiple collections
>>> a, b = persist(a, b)
dask.visualize(*args, **kwargs)
Visualize several dask graphs at once.
Requires graphviz to be installed. All options that are not the dask graph(s) should be passed as keyword arguments.
Parameters:
dsk : dict(s) or collection(s)
The dask graph(s) to visualize.
filename : str or None, optional
The name (without an extension) of the file to write to disk. If filename is None, no file will be written, and we communicate with dot using only pipes.
format : {'png', 'pdf', 'dot', 'svg', 'jpeg', 'jpg'}, optional
Format in which to write output file. Default is 'png'.
optimize_graph : bool, optional
If True, the graph is optimized before rendering. Otherwise, the graph is displayed as is. Default is False.
color: {None, 'order'}, optional
Options to color nodes. Provide cmap= keyword for additional colormap
**kwargs
Additional keyword arguments to forward to to_graphviz.
Returns:
result : IPython.diplay.Image, IPython.display.SVG, or None
See dask.dot.dot_graph for more information.
See also
dask.dot.dot_graph
Notes
For more information on optimization see here:
_URL_
Examples
>>> x.visualize(filename='dask.pdf')
>>> x.visualize(filename='dask.pdf', color='order')


The end of the transitional period is coming to an end, and the effects of Brexit are almost upon the food industry. Leaving the EU has significant disruptive potential with labour shortages and an increased cost in ingredient sourcing likely to have an impact on the UK food supply chain.
The food sector is unprepared for even a soft Brexit. Food industry experts continue to show concern as a soft Brexit still looks uncertain, with negotiation continuing due to a lack of compromise from either side.
If a hard Brexit occurs, Britain will be considered a third country, which will mean severe trade barriers for the food industry as current trade deals expire in January 2021.
At present, British food exports to the EU make up more than 70% of our total food exports, totalling £18bn per year. This equates to 3.2bn litres of products shipped out to the EU each year.
UK farmers currently receive 3.1bn Euro in payments from the EU CAP scheme and have access to a further 5.2bn Euro pot of funding for rural development schemes. These two payments account for 55% of our farmer's income.
Short term impact
The short term impact of Brexit on the food industry will result in food prices going up. If a soft Brexit and a trade deal do not come to fruition, then export fees will change to World Trade Organisation rates. A few of the most significant of these include cheddar cheese with a 57% rate and butter with a 48% rate. The Brexit impact on fees to the food industry is expected to result in £500m extra costs.
A second short term impact will be felt because of the lower value of the pound. This will raise the cost of raw materials. Unfortunately, switching to local supplies will not change the course of heading towards higher purchasing prices. Over the next 12 months, the rise in raw materials' costs will be passed on to the consumer, and unprofitable items might disappear from supermarket shelves.
Consumer confidence is another short term concern of Brexit. However, the food industry might be somewhat reassured with past trends showing that spending during downturns will remain broadly the same. Shopping habits may change, and food manufacturers that can innovate may benefit from Brexit.
Long term impact
A Brexit impact that may be felt by the food industry over the long term is how food producers access labour under new constrictions of freedom of movement. This will affect the stability of factories.
Currently, one-third of food manufacturing workers and 98% of seasonal workers are from the EU. Relying on British workers would impact wage bills and ultimately result in food price inflation.
Pre-Brexit, the food industry, has a non-UK national workforce of 130,000 people. 25% of this workforce is expected to be lost in a market that already has a person skills gap of 100,000. The pound's falling value causes the gap, and so far, 84% of workers from Romania and Bulgaria have left the UK and now work elsewhere.
There are many unknowns, including how the government will support the food industry as subsidies are lost, regulations change, and foreign investment declines. There has been growth in selling produce to non-EU countries, which is growing at twice previous rates. However, extreme weather conditions continue to impact yields and contribute to a rise in bread and cereal price. As prices rise, healthy food may be considered too expensive, which might affect the nation's health.
Related articles


text:
A typical U.S. family spends about $1,900 a year on home utility bills, and a large part of that energy is wasted. Beyond your pocketbook to the environment, electricity generated by fossil fuels for a single home puts more carbon dioxide into the air than two average cars.
Yes, there are 29 Miele canister and upright vacuum cleaner models, and each has clear differences from the others. But there are only five basic vacuum cleaners used to build them. There are four basic canisters, the S2, the S5, the S6 and the S8, and one basic upright, the S7.
Different sets of features or accessories, unique to each model within the basic type, are used to create the vacuums that make up the series. Keep this in mind and it's much easier to choose the best Miele vacuum for your home or office. Continue reading
The Vatican Museums will construct a special vacuum cleaner and ventilation system to tidy up visitors before they can see the Sistine Chapel. Each visitor will be "dusted, cleaned and chilled" before they can enter.
As reported by The Guardian, the system, to be operational by the end of the year, is intended to help preserve the 500-year-old Michelangelo frescoes that are the Chapel's primary attraction. Continue reading

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


How to Cap a Copper Plumbing Line
Working with copper plumbing is often troublesome for the uninitiated, but there are some tasks that can give even an avid home plumber fits. After removing a fixture, it is sometimes necessary to either temporarily or permanently cap off the supply line. Supply lines are frequently difficult to drain, making them harder to solder and turning a normally straightforward procedure into a frustrating ordeal. The solution is to create enough empty space in the pipe where you need it most, in the immediate vicinity of the end cap.
How to Cap a Copper Plumbing Line
 1. 1. Shut Off the Water
 Turn off the water supply. Open a faucet on the same supply line as the one being capped to relieve pressure on the line. Drain the line as completely as possible.
 2. 2. Cut the Pipe
 Cut the copper pipe with a pipe cutter at the chosen location, instructs Enduring Charm LLC. Ream the inside of the pipe with the reamer attached to the pipe cutter or a separate reaming tool.
 3. 3. Insert the Tubing
 Insert 24 inches of a piece of thin vinyl or rubber tubing into the open end of the copper pipe. Start a siphon by sucking on the other end of the tubing, then hold the end over a bucket to catch the water. Drain the water level down to the point where the siphon stops, providing approximately 24 inches of empty pipe below the opening.
 4. 4. Clean the Pipe and Cap Fitting
 Clean the outside of the end of the pipe and the inside of a cap fitting with steel wool until the copper is bright and shiny, advises Upgraded Home. The key to a good, leak-free soldered joint on copper pipe is cleanliness. The pipe and any fittings must be completely clean and bright. After cleaning, don't touch the surfaces to be soldered with your hands.
 5. 5. Apply the Paste Flux
 Apply paste flux liberally to the clean outside portion of the pipe and the inside of the cap fitting using a flux brush. Slip the fitting fully onto the end of the pipe.
 6. 6. Add Cement Backer Board
 Place a fire extinguisher nearby. Insert a piece of cement backer board or sheet metal between the pipe and any combustible surfaces, such as wall studs, drywall or cabinetry.
 7. 7. Apply Heat to the Pipe and Cap Fitting
 Unroll a 6-inch length of lead-free solder from a roll. Light a propane torch and adjust it to obtain a strong, steady flame with a blue center cone. Apply heat to the pipe and cap fitting. Concentrate the heat on the joint to avoid heating the rest of the pipe unnecessarily.
 8. 8. Feed Solder Into the Joint
 Touch the tip of the solder to the pipe just below the cap fitting, on the side of the pipe opposite the flame. Feed solder into the joint once it starts to melt. Remove the heat and stop feeding solder when a bright silver ring forms around the entire joint at the base of the cap fitting, and when several drops of excess solder appear on the pipe.
 9. 9. Wait for the Joint to Cool
 Turn off the torch and set it carefully aside. Watch the joint for five seconds as it cools to be sure steam pressure doesn't blow any pinhole leaks in the solder seam. Wipe the joint with a damp rag.
 10. 10. Turn on the Water
 Turn on the water and check for leaks.
 Note: To quickly and temporarily cap a line so the rest of the house has water while you're doing repairs, install a compression stop valve. Push-to-connect fittings are also available that will suffice for temporary service.
 Things You Will Need
 - Pipe cutter
 - Reamer (optional)
 - Thin vinyl or rubber hose
 - Bucket
 - Copper cap fitting
 - Steel wool or emery cloth
 - Paste flux
 - Flux brush
 - Piece of scrap cement backer board or sheet metal
 - Fire extinguisher
 - Propane torch
 - Lead-free solder
 - Damp rag
 Warning
 Always wear shoes, long pants and a long-sleeved shirt as well as leather gloves and eye protection when soldering copper pipe.


text:
From Old French paternal ("of a father") (12c.), a learned borrowing from Vulgar Latin paternālis ("paternal"), from Classical Latin paternus ("of or pertaining to a father, paternal"), from pater ("father").
- Of or pertaining to one's father, his genes, his relatives, or his side of a family
- paternal grandfather
- Fatherly; behaving as or characteristic of a father.
- Received or inherited from one's father.
- their small paternal field of corn
- Acting as a father
- paternal filicide
- maternal – mother
- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables, removing any numbers. Numbers do not necessarily match those in definitions. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout#Translations.
paternal m (oblique and nominative feminine singular paternale)
- English: paternal
paternal (plural paternales)

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
In a major step to check stubble burning during the paddy season, the Punjab government on Thursday decided to permit certain categories of industries to install paddy straw-fired boilers to claim fiscal incentives.
The industries which can get this benefit include sugar mills, pulp, and paper mills, and any industry having boiler installation with a steam generating capacity of more than 25 TPH (tonnes per hour).
New and existing units of distilleries proposing the replacement of old boilers or expansion with installation of new boilers will also have to mandatorily use paddy straw as fuel in boilers, it was decided today by the Cabinet in a meeting chaired by Chief Minister Captain Amarinder Singh.
The Cabinet also decided to provide cumulative fiscal incentives of Rs 25 Crore to the first 50 existing industries on a 'first come first serve' basis for using paddy straw as fuel in boilers.
It has approved non-fiscal incentives to industries in terms of availability of Panchayat land for storage of paddy straw with lease agreement up to 33 years with a rate of increase in lease at the rate of six percent per annum.
Apart from this, balers would be made available on priority in areas where paddy straw is used as fuel in boilers. The move would help in tackling the menace of stubble burning during harvesting of Kharif crops, thus also conserving the fertility of the soil and saving the beneficial micro-organisms.
The decision assumes significance in view of the challenge of managing crop residue. Post harvesting, where the wheat straw is used as fodder for the livestock, paddy straw in the fields is set on fire by the farmers to quickly clear their fields for the next crop.
Due to field fire incidents during the month of October-November, the problem of air pollution is widely prevalent in and around the rural area, causing major health effects.
Due to the climatic conditions, the air quality in the NCR region also deteriorates, with contribution from various local sources such as domestic, vehicular, industrial, and municipal solid waste dump fires.
However, farm fires in the neighboring states are also blamed for air pollution in the NCR. Paddy is cultivated in 31.49 lakh hectare area (2020) in Punjab, resulting in the generation of about 20 million tons of paddy straw.
An official spokesperson said there is a need to further encourage the use of paddy straw as fuel in industries for promoting ex-situ management options.
Some industries in the state have been able to successfully utilize paddy straw for their industrial operations into their boilers.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


for every one hour throughout the day, at 5.30, 6.30 7.30 etc. How many such
trains would cross the passenger rail before it reaches Delhi?
74. The distance from Station to Bus-stand, Via Tank Bund is 8 miles. From Tank Bund to
Bus-stand via Station is 7 miles. From Station to Tank Bund via Bus-stand is 11 miles.
Calculate the distances between: 1. Station and Bus-stand, 2. Station and Tank Bund and
3. Bus-stand and Tank Bund.
75. There are some eggs in each bucket, named A, B, C, D, E. If A = 5; B+A =6; E+B =C;
E+C+B = 8, choose the values of A, B, C, D, E from 1, 2,3,4,5.
76.As in the same question above, find out the values of A, B, C, D, E from 1, 2,3,4,5 if D+B
= A+C; 2E =C+5; D+C = E. This is a more complicated question.
77. Three friends divide eggs from a bag equally. After each of them eat 4 eggs, the total
number of eggs remaining with them, is equal to 1/3 of total eggs. Find the original
number of total eggs.
78.You have two cups, one containing orange juice and one containing equal amount of
the orange juice or more orange juice in the lemonade?
79.A student is studying for his examinations and the lights go off. It is around 1:00 AM.
He lights two uniform candles of equal length but one is thicker than the other. The thick
candle is supposed to last 6 hours and the thinner one illuminates for 4 hours. When he
finally goes to sleep, the length of the thick candle is twice longer than the thin one. For
how long does the student study in candle light?
80.There are 3 switches, 1, 2 and 3 in a hall in the ground floor. One of them is connected
to a dining room bulb in the third floor. You can't see it from the ground floor, whether the
dining room light is on or off. How can you identify the correct switch? You can on and off
the switches as many times as you want, but you are supposed to go to the second floor
dining room only once and should announce the switch number from there.
81. A man decides to buy a horse for 600 rupees. After a year, he sells it for 700. He buys it
again for 800. And finally sells it for 900. What is his overall profit?
82.A swimmer jumps from a bridge into a canal and swims 1 kilometre against the stream.
There he passes a "floating cork" coming in opposite direction, going towards the bridge.
He continues swimming forward for half an hour more and then turns around and swims
fast does the water in the canal flow?
83.Two cars (A and B) are travelling in opposite direction with 60 and 40 miles per hour.
The distance between them is 100 miles. A bird starts along with car A, and flies at a speed
of 80 miles per hour towards B. When it reaches car B, it turns back and when it reaches
the car A, again it turns to the opposite direction. What is the total distance that the bird
has travelled when the two cars met?
84.You drive at 20 mph from point A to B and return at 30 mph. what is the average
85.If you drive at 20 mph from point A to B, how fast must you drive back to attain an
average speed of 40 mph?
pulkit khandelwal:


streams use MRCP to control media resources on external media servers, such as speech synthesizers for TTS and speech recognizers for ASR. The Cisco gateway, running a voice application, and the media servers providing speech recognition and speech synthesis, maintain a client/server relationship through an RTSP connection; the gateway is the RTSP client and the RTSP server is the streaming media server providing speech recognition and speech synthesis.
While doing speech recognition, the gateway creates a separate G.711 u-law RTP stream to the media server, enabling the gateway to simultaneously perform speech synthesis or play audio files using a different codec.
If speech recognition or synthesis is not working, Table: Speech Recognition or Synthesis Fails lists some possible causes and the actions that you can take.
Table: Speech Recognition or Synthesis Fails
Possible Causes Suggested Actions
Server is not configured either on the Cisco gateway or in the VoiceXML document.
Verify that the server location is configured by using at least one of these methods:
 - Globally on the gateway by using the ivr asr-server or ivr tts-server command. Refer to the Cisco IOS TCL and VoiceXML Application Guide.
 - With the com.cisco.asr-server or com.cisco.tts-server property in the VoiceXML document. Refer to the Cisco VoiceXML Programmer's Guide.
Gateway cannot access external ASR or TTS server or server is not running.
Ping the external server to make sure that the gateway has connectivity.
RTSP or MRCP errors are occurring between the gateway and the media server.
See the Troubleshooting ASR and TTS Server Functionality.
Troubleshooting ASR and TTS Server Functionality
SUMMARY STEPS
 1. debug vxml error and debug vxml event
 2. debug mrcp error
 3. debug rtsp error, debug rtsp session, and debug rtsp socket
DETAILED STEPS
1. Use the debug vxml error and debug vxml event commands to verify that the external media server is reachable and its location is configured on the gateway or in the VoiceXML document. In the following example, the application failed because the media server is not configured on the gateway or in the VoiceXML document.:
 Router# debug vxml error
 Router# debug vxml event
 *Jan 5 18:24:19.507: //62/36CA25A68036/VXML:/vxml_vapp_tts:
 tftp://demo/sample/banking.vxml at line 17: vapp_tts() fail with vapp error 1
 **Jan 5 18:24:19.507: //62/36CA25A68036/VXML:/vxml_event_proc:
 *Jan 5 18:24:19.507: <event>: event=error.badfetch status=0
 *Jan 5 18:24:19.507: //62/36CA25A68036/VXML:/vxml_default_event_handler:
 use default event handler
 *Jan 5 18:24:19.507: //62/36CA25A68036/VAPP:/vapp_session_exit_event_name: Exit Event
 error.badfetch
 *Jan 5 18:24:19.507: //62/36CA25A68036/VAPP:/vapp_session_exit_event_name: Exit Event
 error.badfetch
 *Jan 5 18:24:19.507: //62/36CA25A68036/VAPP:/vapp_session_exit_event_name: Exit Event Name
 already set to error.badfetch
 *Jan 5 18:24:19.507: //62/36CA25A68036/VXML:/vxml_vapp_terminate: vapp_status=0 ref_count 0
 *Jan 5 18:24:19.507: //62/36CA25A68036/VXML:/vxml_vapp_terminate: vxml session terminating
 with code=ERROR
 vapp status=VAPP_SUCCESS vxml async status=VXML_ERROR_BAD_FETCH
In the following example, the application failed because the media server is either unreachable or is not running.
 *Jan 5 18:36:44.451: //83/ECD9B163804B/VXML:/vxml_media_done: : media play failed to setup
 with VAPP error=31, protocol_status_code=0
 *Jan 5 18:36:44.451: <event>: event=error.com.cisco.media.resource.unavailable status=0
 *Jan 5 18:36:44.451: //83/ECD9B163804B/VXML:/vxml_default_event_handler:
 use default event handler
 *Jan 5 18:36:44.451: //83/ECD9B163804B/VAPP:/vapp_session_exit_event_name: Exit Event
 error.com.cisco.media.resource.unavailable
 *Jan 5 18:36:44.451: //83/ECD9B163804B/VAPP:/vapp_session_exit_event_name: Exit Event
 error.com.cisco.media.resource.unavailable
 *Jan 5 18:36:44.451: //83/ECD9B163804B/VAPP:/vapp_session_exit_event_name: Exit Event Name
 already set to error.com.cisco.media.resource.unavailable
 *Jan 5 18:36:44.451: //83/ECD9B163804B/VXML:/vxml_vapp_terminate: vapp_status=0 ref_count 0
2. Use the debug mrcp error command to verify the connection between the gateway and the server. The following example shows the error when the RTSP connection to the server fails:
 Router# 'debug mrcp error
 *May 9 20:29:09.936:Connecting to 10.1.2.58:554 failed
The following error occurs when the response from the server is incorrect:
 *May 9 20:29:09.936:Response from 10.1.2.58:554 failed
 *May 9 20:29:09.936:MRCP/1.0 71 422 COMPLETE
The following error occurs when the recognize request comes out of sequence:
 *May 9 20:29:09.936:act_idle_recognize:ignoring old recognize request
3. Use the debug rtsp error, debug rtsp session, and debug rtsp socket commands to verify the RTSP connection with the media server, for example:
The following message displays if the RTSP connection fails:
 *Sep 25 15:02:32.052: //-1//RTSP:/rtsplib_connect_to_svr: Socket Connect failed:
 172.19.140.31:554
The following message displays if the RTSP client receives an incorrect response from the server:
 *Sep 25 15:03:35.062: //-1//RTSP:/rtsp_process_single_svr_resp: Parse Server Response failed,
 172.19.140.31:554
The following message displays if the codec configured on the IP side is not G.711:
 *Sep 25 15:05:15.765: //-1//RTSP:/rtsplib_rtp_associate_done: Association mismatch
Rating: 5.0/5 (1 vote cast)
Personal tools


text:
In the view of increased competition resulting from globalization of economics, the Malaysia government has placed much emphasis on the importance of the wage determinant. Wages is define as 'remuneration or earnings which are payable in virtue of a written or unwritten contract of employment by employer to an employed person' (International Labour Organization). The government recognized that wage levels must increase in order to improve the standard of living and reduce poverty. However, increase in wages without appropriate policies could put pressures as well as erode the country's international competitiveness and its attractiveness as a profitable Centre for foreign investment. One of the reasons of the decline in FDI in Malaysia is that the country has been losing its competitiveness due to pressure on wages. Malaysia is no longer a center for cheap labor and low cost production when compared to countries like China, India or Vietnam (Yusof, 2006).
Since wage serves as a vital role in the economy, there are a number of empirical studies concerning wages in Malaysia industries. Ho and Yap (2001) investigated wage formation in the Malaysian Manufacturing industry from 1975 to 1997. They found a big positive significant relationship between wages and productivity where the increase in real wage exceeded the increase in labor productivity in the long run. Nijhar (1976) and Chan (1991) have conducted studies on wage structure but very little attention was paid to explaining the mechanism of wage formation at sectoral levels in the Malaysia economy.
This study analyse both the long-run and short-run dynamics of wage formation in Malaysian manufacturing industry. The determinants are inflation, unemployment rate, foreign direct investment (FDI), productivity, import, export in manufacturing and unemployment.
1.1 Research Background
The global economic crisis has had devastating consequences on...


text: A groundbreaking biography that recreates the cosmopolitan world in which a wine merchant's son became one of the most celebrated of all English poets More than any other canonical English writer, Geoffrey Chaucer lived and worked at the centre of political life—yet his poems are anything but conventional. Edgy, complicated, and often dark, they reflect a conflicted world, and their astonishing diversity and innovative language earned Chaucer renown as the father of English literature. Marion Turner, however, reveals him as a great European writer and thinker. To understand his accomplishment, she reconstructs in unprecedented detail the cosmopolitan world of Chaucer's adventurous life, focusing on the places and spaces that fired his imagination.Uncovering important new information about Chaucer's travels, private life, and the early circulation of his writings, this innovative biography documents a series of vivid episodes, moving from the commercial wharves of London to the frescoed chapels of Florence and the kingdom of Navarre, where Christians, Muslims, and Jews lived side by side. The narrative recounts Chaucer's experiences as a prisoner of war in France, as a father visiting his daughter's nunnery, as a member of a chaotic Parliament, and as a diplomat in Milan, where he encountered the writings of Dante and Boccaccio. At the same time, the book offers a comprehensive exploration of Chaucer's writings, taking the reader to the Troy of Troilus and Criseyde, the gardens of the dream visions, and the peripheries and thresholds of The Canterbury Tales.By exploring the places Chaucer visited, the buildings he inhabited, the books he read, and the art and objects he saw, this landmark biography tells the extraordinary story of how a wine merchant's son became the poet of The Canterbury Tales.


text:
AGROFORESTRY in CZECH REPUBLIC
The Czech Republic can be seen as an example of a region in which the agroforestry tradition was nearly completely lost due to political, socio-economical, and demographical changes. Agroforestry was a common land use in the mid-nineteenth century in Czech Republic. Fruit cropland, meadows, and pastures were closely bound with the highly developed agriculture of most fertile lowlands, while pastures, and meadows with wood use would occur more often in the mountainous forested regions.
The most extended traditional agroforestry practice in Czech Republic is silvopastoral agroforestry system (grazing of extensive fruit orchards) remaining in sites with less favourable conditions for intensive agriculture (e.g. mountains – regions of White Carpathians and Bohemian Forest), but also game ranging in the private forests. There are also other agroforestry systems: trees on pasture (found in mountain areas – e.g. Jeseníky) and intercropping of forest trees and forest farming. Agrisilvicultural systems (intercropping under fruit orchards) is not very widespread in the Czech Republic, but nowadays some organic farmers are interested in this. We can find also few examples of forest farming/gardening scattered around Czech Republic, usually as hobby farming. Currently, there are not new intensive agroforestry systems (e.g. alley cropping) for timber production practiced yet.
The total extent of agroforestry systems in the Czech Republic was calculated to be approximately 36,000 ha in 2018, which is equivalent to 0.45 % of territorial area and 0.8% of the utilised agricultural area.
AGROFORESTRY ASSOCIATIONS in CZECH REPUBLIC
Czech Association for Agroforestry (CSAL) was formally established in 2014 The main objective of the organization is the promotion of agroforestry in the Czech Republic. Currently it has more than 30 members including people from academic and research organizations (focusing on agriculture and rural development) but also farmers. CSAL is very active in international level and work actively on networking in Europe and transfer of the ideas into the Czech environment. CSAL is the only NGO with the main objective to actively promote agroforestry in Czech Republic.
The main activities of CSAL:
- CSAL firstly focus on building awareness among broad range of stakeholders working in rural environment about positive impacts of different types of agroforestry systems on their production and environmental services.
- CSAL specially focus on promotion and education of farmers, land owners or people working on farms to established and implement agroforestry systems on their landholding (e.g. creating guidelines for good management of several types of agroforestry systems).
- Third specific aim is to help create legal regulations related to agroforestry in order to break legislative barriers of growing trees on agriculture land, e.g. drafting of definitions, principles, framework for agroforestry in the Czech Republic and the development of strategic documents related to agroforestry.
- Fourth aim is to promote research in agroforestry in Czech environment, by networking the cooperation with research organizations, schools and farmers. CSAL also officially serve as coordinator of EURAF activities.
Up to now the CSAL prepared several seminars and workshop for farmers and other stakeholders in agriculture and excursions that enables the farmer-to-farmer transfer of agroforestry technologies. The members prepared several papers explaining the concept of agroforestry that were published in journals focused on farming. CSAL cooperate with Ministry of Agriculture and Ministry of the Environment on preparation of legislative and strategic documents focusing on agroforestry. CSAL is also member of the team of ERASMUS+ project named Agroforestry Systems: The Opportunity for European Landscape and Agriculture (AGFOSY). Members of CSLA are also actively involved in the national project Agroforestry – potential for regional development and sustainable rural landscape financed by the Technological Agency of the Czech Republic.
AGROFORESTRY POLICIES in CZECH REPUBLIC
Current Czech land-use policy does not work with the agroforestry concept and plots managed, as mix of agriculture and forestry are rare and remain unrecognized by the cadastral land-use categorization. However, Czech experts on agroforestry proposed modification of the law to include into it agroforestry practices and this proposition was sent recently to the Ministry of Agriculture of Czech Republic for further validation.
From the point of view of Czech law, the implementation of agroforestry is complicated.
The Czech lawnumber334/1992 Coll. (law on the conservation of Agricultural Land) does not allow tree growing on farmland. However, there is one exception: use of agricultural land for plantations of fast-growing trees. However, the plantations of fast-growing trees can be grown on farm land maximally for 30 years.
The Czech law number 289/1995 Coll. (the Forest Act) § 20, character n) The following shall be prohibited in the forest: to graze livestock, enable runs of livestock and punching of livestock through forest stand. Due to this law, grazing on forest land in the Czech Republic is impossible. The exception is game preserve of cloven-hoofed game and pheasantry. Agroforestry practice intercropping of forest trees is in accordance with the Forest Act of Czech Republic, but it is not almost used.
RELEVANT CZECH REPUBLIC AGROFORESTRY WEBSITES
TAKE A LOOK AT AGROFORESTRY in CZECH REPUBLIC
Fig. 1 Silvopastoral system in fruit orchard near of the town Kutna Hora
Fig. 2 Short rotation coppice and Thanksgiving.
Fig. 3 Excursion to silvopastoral plots near of the town Kunta Hora
Fig. 4 Example of traditionalagrisilvicultural practice in Drnovice.
Fig. 5 – 6 Wooden eggs in the Czech way (Nová Olešná locality).
Fig. 7 Founding new agroforestry (silvoarable) permanent research plot "Michovka" (Průhonice).
|Fig. 8 Plan of permanent study plot in University Agriculture Entreprise Žabčice (Mendel University Brno) – to be founded in 2019.


Improved API
We just released a major update to our API and command-line client, making it much easier to integrate video builds into your own software or delivery pipeline.
For example, you can set up a CI step to deploy your application and take screen-shots of key pages, then use Narakeet to include the latest look and feel of your application into explainer videos automatically. Another common use-case for Narakeet video automation is to create several versions of a single video, for example in different languages.
Until today, integrating with our API required hosting assets yourself, which was a big barrier for many people. Our new API supports uploading files directly to Narakeet, and building directly from files on your local disk. Here is a quick example: the following command will create a video from the local directory called my-video-project, with the main video script in video.txt inside that directory.
narakeet-api-client \
 --repository-type local-dir \
 --repository my-video-project \
 --source video.txt \
 --api-key $API_KEY
For more information on how to use the Narakeet API, check out Automating video production.
For information on the command-line client tool, check out Using the Narakeet Command-line Tool.


94
Here's what I am trying to do:
typedef enum { ONE, TWO, THREE } Numbers;
I am trying to write a function that would do a switch case similar to the following:
char num_str[10];
int process_numbers_str(Numbers num) {
 switch(num) {
 case ONE:
 case TWO:
 case THREE:
 {
 strcpy(num_str, num); //some way to get the symbolic constant name in here?
 } break;
 default:
 return 0; //no match
 return 1;
}
Instead of defining at every case, is there a way to set it using the enum variable like I am trying to do above?
20 Answers 20
72
The technique from Making something both a C identifier and a string? can be used here.
As usual with such preprocessor stuff, writing and understanding the preprocessor part can be hard, and includes passing macros to other macros and involves using # and ## operators, but using it is real easy. I find this style very useful for long enums, where maintaining the same list twice can be really troublesome.
Factory code - typed only once, usually hidden in the header:
enumFactory.h:
// expansion macro for enum value definition
#define ENUM_VALUE(name,assign) name assign,
// expansion macro for enum to string conversion
#define ENUM_CASE(name,assign) case name: return #name;
// expansion macro for string to enum conversion
#define ENUM_STRCMP(name,assign) if (!strcmp(str,#name)) return name;
/// declare the access function and define enum values
#define DECLARE_ENUM(EnumType,ENUM_DEF) \
 enum EnumType { \
 ENUM_DEF(ENUM_VALUE) \
 }; \
 const char *GetString(EnumType dummy); \
 EnumType Get##EnumType##Value(const char *string); \
/// define the access function names
#define DEFINE_ENUM(EnumType,ENUM_DEF) \
 const char *GetString(EnumType value) \
 { \
 switch(value) \
 { \
 ENUM_DEF(ENUM_CASE) \
 default: return ""; /* handle input error */ \
 } \
 } \
 EnumType Get##EnumType##Value(const char *str) \
 { \
 ENUM_DEF(ENUM_STRCMP) \
 return (EnumType)0; /* handle input error */ \
 } \
Factory used
someEnum.h:
#include "enumFactory.h"
#define SOME_ENUM(XX) \
 XX(FirstValue,) \
 XX(SecondValue,) \
 XX(SomeOtherValue,=50) \
 XX(OneMoreValue,=100) \
DECLARE_ENUM(SomeEnum,SOME_ENUM)
someEnum.cpp:
#include "someEnum.h"
DEFINE_ENUM(SomeEnum,SOME_ENUM)
The technique can be easily extended so that XX macros accepts more arguments, and you can also have prepared more macros to substitute for XX for different needs, similar to the three I have provided in this sample.
Comparison to X-Macros using #include / #define / #undef
While this is similar to X-Macros others have mentioned, I think this solution is more elegant in that it does not require #undefing anything, which allows you to hide more of the complicated stuff is in the factory the header file - the header file is something you are not touching at all when you need to define a new enum, therefore new enum definition is a lot shorter and cleaner.
8
 - 4
 I'm not sure how you can say this is better/worse than x-macros - this is x-macros. The SOME_ENUM(XX) is exactly an X-macro (to be precise, the "user form" that passes the XX function rather than using #def #undef) and then in turn the whole X-MACRO is then passed to DEFINE_ENUM which uses it. Not to take anything away from the solution - it works well. Just to clarify that it is a use of X macros.
 – BeeOnRope
 Feb 14 '17 at 19:49
 - 1
 @BeeOnRope The difference you note is significant, and distinguishes this solution from idiomatic X macros (such as Wikipedia's examples). The advantage of passing XX over re-#defineing is that the former pattern can be used in macro expansions. Notice that the only other solutions as concise as this one all necessitate the creation and multiple-inclusion of a separate file to define a new enum.
 – pmttavara
 Dec 29 '17 at 3:48
 - 2
 Another trick is to use the enum name as the macro name. You can simply write #define DEFINE_ENUM(EnumType) ..., replace ENUM_DEF(...) with EnumType(...), and have the user say #define SomeEnum(XX) .... The C preprocessor will contextually expand SomeEnum into the macro invocation when followed by parentheses and into a regular token otherwise. (Of course, this causes problems if the user likes to use SomeEnum(2) to cast to the enum type rather than (SomeEnum)2 or static_cast<SomeEnum>(2).)
 – pmttavara
 Dec 29 '17 at 3:57
 - 1
 @pmttavara - sure, if a quick search is any indication most common use of x-macros uses a fixed inner-macro name along with #define and #undef. Do you disagree though that the "user form" (suggested for e.g., at the bottom of this article) is a type of x-macro? I certainly have always called it an x-macro as well and in the C codebases I've been in lately it is the most common form (that's obviously a biased observation). I may have been parsing the OP wrong though.
 – BeeOnRope
 Dec 29 '17 at 19:27
 - 2
 @BeeOnRope The current wording is a result of edit, as you convinced me back then this is x-macro, even if it was perhaps less used form (or at least one less mentioned in articles) back then.
 – Suma
 Dec 29 '17 at 20:19
61
// Define your enumeration like this (in say numbers.h);
ENUM_BEGIN( Numbers )
 ENUM(ONE),
 ENUM(TWO),
 ENUM(FOUR)
ENUM_END( Numbers )
// The macros are defined in a more fundamental .h file (say defs.h);
#define ENUM_BEGIN(typ) enum typ {
#define ENUM(nam) nam
#define ENUM_END(typ) };
// Now in one and only one .c file, redefine the ENUM macros and reinclude
// the numbers.h file to build a string table
#undef ENUM_BEGIN
#undef ENUM
#undef ENUM_END
#define ENUM_BEGIN(typ) const char * typ ## _name_table [] = {
#define ENUM(nam) #nam
#define ENUM_END(typ) };
#undef NUMBERS_H_INCLUDED // whatever you need to do to enable reinclusion
#include "numbers.h"
// Now you can do exactly what you want to do, with no retyping, and for any
// number of enumerated types defined with the ENUM macro family
// Your code follows;
char num_str[10];
int process_numbers_str(Numbers num) {
 switch(num) {
 case ONE:
 case TWO:
 case THREE:
 {
 strcpy(num_str, Numbers_name_table[num]); // eg TWO -> "TWO"
 } break;
 default:
 return 0; //no match
 return 1;
}
// Sweet no ? After being frustrated by this for years, I finally came up
// with this solution for my most recent project and plan to reuse the idea
// forever
5
 - 3
 This is the sort of thing cpp was made for. +1. May 12 '10 at 21:25
 - 6
 This is a good answer, it seems to be about the best one can do without using special tools, and I've done this kind of thing before; but it still never really feels 'right' and I never really like doing it... May 13 '10 at 22:41
 - Small change: #define ENUM_END(typ) }; extern const char * typ ## _name_table[]; in defs.h file - this will declare your name table in the files you use it. (Can't figure out a good way to declare the table size, though.) Also, personally I'd leave off the final semicolon, but the merits are debatable either way.
 –


ASL Linguistics: Noun / Verb Pairs
Noun/Verb pairs are signs that use the same handshape, location, and orientation, but have a different movement. The verb of a noun verb pair generally has a single, continuous movement that is larger than the movement of the noun. The motion of a noun of a noun verb pair is generally a double movement that is smaller than that of a verb.
Got that?
Verbs (of noun/verb pairs) use a single movement.
Nouns (of noun/verb pairs) use a double movement.
A good example of a noun verb pair is the "CHAIR/SIT."
If I do this motion once, it means sit.
If I do the movement twice, it means CHAIR.
But sometimes if I'm in a hurry I'll only do the movement once and my friends still understand me. Why? Because of context. The rest of the sentence makes the meaning clear for me.
For more on this topic, see: "Compounds"
Want to help support Lifeprint / ASLU? It's easy!


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Definition: Sulfites
Definition: Sulfites
Sulfites
(Sulfitos)
Sulfites are food preservatives that can cause breathing difficulties in some people with asthma. They are considered an "asthma trigger" for people who are susceptible to them because they bring on asthma symptoms such as cough, wheezing, or shortness of breath. Sulfites are used as a preservative in many food products to prevent them from spoiling. Some examples of products that contain sulfites include: wine, beer, dried fruits and vegetables, shrimp, and pickles.


text:
Fourteen of the world's leading space agencies published their agreed vision for globally co-ordinated space exploration in a document called The Global Exploration Strategy: The Framework for Co-ordination.
The document outlines the rationale for society to explore space, defines the current focus and process of space exploration, the current interest in returning to the Moon and exploring Mars, and proposes a framework for the future co-ordination of global space exploration.
Science and Innovation Minister Malcolm Wicks said: 'This document marks the start of a new era of space exploration. Since the launch of Sputnik in 1957, we have learnt much about how to explore space and have experienced the benefits of scientific discoveries in our everyday lives. Innovations such as exploiting space for global communications, weather forecasting and helping emergency services have all flowed from the first half-century of space exploration.
'During this century we are sure to see some fantastic voyages of discovery as robots and humans venture further into our Solar System. What they learn will excite and inspire new generations to get involved in science and create new technology that could benefit the whole economy.
'The Framework for Co-ordination sets out a common vision for a new era of international collaboration. I welcome the fact that the
The British National Space Centre, which co-ordinates


Edit Article
One Methods:Towel method
Picking up a guinea pig requires a gentleness and special handling and care. Find out how to hold them right.
 1. 1
 Be careful at all times; guinea pigs are fragile and easily frightened.
 2. 2
 Reach under your guinea pig's belly.
 3. 3
 Place your other hand under her back legs as you lift him. Having all legs supported helps the guinea pig to feel secure, and makes it less likely that she will scratch you.
 4. 4
 Pull him up to your chest. This gives him a sense of security.
Towel method
 1. 1
 Fold a large towel or find a small towel.
 2. 2
 Drape it over your guinea pig.
 3. 3
 Pick up your guinea pig without removing the towel.
 4. 4
 Once he is in your arms, wrap the towel around him.
 5. 5
 Hold your guinea pig for up to 20 minutes. He will start to squirm, and this means he needs to go back in his cage.
 - Pick up and hold your guinea pig every day so he becomes more social.
 - When placing your guinea pig back in his cage, slowly place him in backwards so he cannot see that he is headed back to his cage. They get very excited when being returned to their home, and will squirm or even attempt to jump from your hands. This can result in injury.
 - do not do any sudden moves or else your guinea pick would get frightened.
 - If your guinea pig runs into its hidey-hole, try to bribe it out with some lettuce or its favorite vegetable!
 - Make sure you do not get it a hamster ball, because they are not suitable for guinea pigs.
 - put some newspaper under the guinea pigs cage especially if they are outside in the backyard
 - The towel method could scare some guinea pigs, but is useful for picking up guineas prone to scratching or biting.
 - Be extremely careful as guinea pigs are fragile animals!
 - Never pick them up from their head or bottom!
 - Supervise young children when picking up and holding a guinea pig.
Things You'll Need
 - A guinea pig
 - Handful of lettuce (optional)
 - Towel
Article Info
Categories: Guinea Pigs
In other languages:
Español: levantar un conejillo de indias, Português: Pegar um Porquinho da índia, Italiano: Prendere in Braccio un Porcellino d'India
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text:
RSV State Trends
Participating laboratories report weekly to CDC the total number or RSV tests performed that week, and the number of those tests that were positive. Because reporting delays may be expected for some laboratories, data shown for the more recent weeks may be less complete than others. Each point on the trend graphs below displays the average number of RSV tests that were performed, and the average percent of those that were positive from three adjacent weeks: the specified week, and the weeks preceding and following it. This is also known as a centered 3-week moving average.
State-level trends are only displayed when two or more labs report RSV antigen testing data for at least 36 of the prior 52 weeks. If data for a state are too sparse to display during a particular week, we recommend viewing the trends at the HHS Region or Census Division level that contains the state of interest.
In the United States, RSV infections typically occur at the time of annual community outbreaks, during late fall, winter, and early spring. There may be variation in the timing of outbreaks between regions and between communities in the same region.


How to find the missing number in Geometric Progression in Python
So, guys today we will learn How to find the missing number in Geometric Progression in Python. Let's do it together. We are basically supposed to find the number which is missing in GP. GP will be given the form of an array. GP is a progression of numbers with a constant ratio between each number and the one before.
You Guys may find it a bit difficult but don't worry it's too easy, let's dive deep into the code.
Finding the missing number in Geometric Progression in Python
We can find the missing element by literally traversing the array. It is one the simplest solution for which time complexity is O(N)
Another way of finding the missing number is by the binary search method. This is also simple but just the difference that time complexity changes that is O(logN)
Sample : A[] = {1, 5, 125, 625}
Ans : 25
Sample : B[] = {3, 9, 81, 243}
Ans : 27
def noMissed(sample, l, h, ratio):
 if (l >= h):
 return _PHONE_
 m = l + (h - l) // 2
 if (sample[m + 1] // sample[m]!= ratio):
 return (sample[m] * ratio)
 if ((m > 0) and (sample[m] / sample[m-1])!= ratio):
 return (sample[m - 1] * ratio)
 if (sample[m] == sample[0] * (pow(ratio, m)) ):
 return noMissed(sample, m+1, h, ratio)
 return noMissed(sample, l, m-1, ratio)
def find(sample, length):
 ratio = int(pow(sample[length-1] / sample[0], 1.0 / length))
 return noMissed(sample, 0, length-1, ratio)
sample = [3, 9, 81, 243]
length = len(sample)
ans=str(find(sample, length))
print("Missing Number in GP is " +ans)
Missing Number in GP is 27
Want to learn more! Have a look at some more amazing pieces of codes..!
What is Anagram Substring Search? Explain using program in Python
How to implement Navie String Searching Algorithm in Python
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text:
The European Family Therapy Association (EFTA) is an international association dedicated to scientific purposes.
EFTA was established in 1990 and has members from 29 European nations. It is a strictly non-profit making association.
EFTA's members comprise currently of 29 national organizations (EFTA-NFTO), 108 training institutes (EFTA-TIC) and about 1100 individual members (EFTA-CIM).
The main goals leading us are:
- Linking and coordinating European national organizations, institutes and individuals in the field of family therapy and systemic practice.
- Promoting the highest level of competence and quality in practice, research, supervision and teaching in family therapy and allied fields.
- Enhancing the training of systemic professionals and family therapists at regional, national and European levels by organizing and facilitating exchanges between individuals as well as professional centres.
- Facilitating European co-operation and exchange of ideas and experience among associations, institutions and individuals concerning medical, legal, social, psychological, gender, cultural, economic, spiritual and other aspects of human experiences in relation to systemic thinking and practice.
- Spreading information about family therapy and the systemic approaches throughout Europe to individuals, institutions and organizations concerned with the health and development of families and human systems.
- Promoting research, conferences, publications, audio-visual tools and other scientific material in this field through meetings and all other appropriate communicational methods.
- Creating links with other organizations having common or compatible aims in and outside of Europe.
The activities for achieving the aims of the association are:
- Regular international meetings, conferences and seminars
- International congresses
- Publication of a book series
- Professional exchanges between family therapy centers, therapists in training and trainers from different European countries
- Establishment of committees related to the aims of EFTA
- Other activities as to advance the aims of the association


text:
The Singapore Armed Forces
(SAF) has two rank structures
One rank structure is similar to that of other military in other country. One major difference is that the SAF uses a unified rank structure, with identical rank names and insignia throughout the Army
, and Air Force
. For example, traditional Navy ranks such as Ensign
have been replaced with Army-style ranks. Only two exceptions exist to the unified rank structure. Firstly, among the flag officer ranks, the Navy retains the Admiral
ranks. The second exception is for the rank insignia for Private
and Private First Class
among the Air Force, and the Army and Navy.
This structure is subdivided for Officer
, Warrant Officers
, and enlisted men.
The other structure is for the Military Domain Experts Scheme (MDES), which comprises eight ranks (ME1 – ME8).MINDEF
, Personnel under this Scheme are collectively known as Military Experts (MEs).
Unlike most Commonwealth countries, the armed forces of Singapore no longer use British-style rank insignia nor many British rank titles. Company officers are represented by bars, field officers by coats-of-arms and flag and general officers are represented by stars, similar to the systems of the Republic of China
, South Korea
, and (in particular) Indonesia
for example. American influence is obvious in relation to the existence of two Rear Admiral ranks.
The SAF rank structure is largely similar to that of the Singapore Civil......


text:
|Alternative names||Dorkunu, komi|
|Place of origin||West Africa|
|Main ingredients||Ground corn|
Kenkey or Dorkunu or Komi is a staple dish similar to a sourdough dumpling from the Akan, Ga and Ewe inhabited regions of West Africa, usually served with a soup, stew, or sauce. Areas where kenkey is eaten are southern Ghana, eastern Côte d'Ivoire, Togo, western Benin, Guyana (where it is known as "konkee"), and Jamaica. It is usually made from ground corn (maize), like sadza and ugali. It is also known in Jamaica as dokunoo, dokono, dokunu, (the Asante refer to the same dish as 'Dɔkono' pronounced as 'Dorkono'), blue drawers, and tie-a-leaf. In the cuisine of the Caribbean, it is made with cornmeal, plantain, green banana, sweet potato(Asante and Jamaican version, which came from the Asanti version) or cassava, wrapped in banana leaves. The food is derived from African cooking traditions. Unlike ugali, making kenkey involves letting the maize ferment before cooking. Therefore, preparation takes a few days in order to let the dough ferment. After fermentation, the kenkey is partially cooked, wrapped in banana leaves, corn husks, or foil, and steamed. There are several versions of kenkey, such as Ga and Fante kenkey.
- 6-8 cups of corn (maize) flour or cornmeal (ground corn or ground maize); (White cornmeal is preferred, it should be finely ground, like flour. Latin American style corn flour, as is used in tortillas, tamales, pupusas, etc. is the right kind)
- Banana leaves, or maize or corn husks, or aluminum foil to wrap dough in (the leaves or husks may be available at African, Asian, or Latino groceries)
Fermented cornmeal dough
In a large container combine the corn flour (or corn flour and grated cassava) with just enough warm water to dampen all of it. Mix well. Cover the container with a clean cloth. Set it in a warm place, such as a warmed oven or on top of the refrigerator, for two to three days. Fermentation may take longer than two days, especially in cool climates. (Note: a warmed oven is an oven that has been heated for a few minutes then turned off. The flour should ferment, not cook.) When it is properly fermented, it should have a slightly sour, but not unpleasant, aroma, like rising bread dough. Overly fermented corn flour will not taste right.
Prepare the corn flour as described above, and let it ferment for about six hours. Then mix one tablespoon of vinegar into the wet corn flour.
Soak the dry corn in water. After three days drain and wash the corn in fresh water. Grind it and add some water to make it into a dough with a smooth surface. Keep it in a warm place to ferment for two to three days before using it to prepare the kenkey. Before using it for the preparation the moldy surface on top should be removed and discarded.
- Knead the fermented dough with your hands until it is thoroughly mixed.
- In a large pot, bring one cup of water to a boil. Slowly add one part of the fermented dough. Cook for about ten minutes, stirring constantly and vigorously. Remove from heat. This half of the dough is called the "aflata".
- Combine the "aflata" with the remaining uncooked dough. Mix well. The proportion of raw dough to aflata determines the softness of the kenkey after cooking.
- Divide the "aflata"and raw dough mixture into serving-sized pieces. Wrap the pieces tightly in banana leaf, maize or corn husks, or foil. Banana leaves are more flexible if they have been briefly warmed in a hot oven or a pot of boiling water. The wrapped dough should look like burritos or tamales. Cooking string can be used to tie the wrapping closed.
- Place the wrapped dough packets on a wire rack above water in a large pot. Bring to a boil and steam for one to three hours, depending on their size and thickness. Serve room-temperature.
- Ga Kenkey is usually served hot with a red pepper sauce made of grounded chili pepper, onions and tomatoes; and a black pepper sauce locally called shito.
- Fante Kenkey is usually served warm with tomato gravy or palaver sauce. It may also go with any fish, poultry, or meat dish from Western Africa. In Ghana, guests are often served Fante Kenkey with red pepper sauce and canned sardines or fried fish, especially if they have arrived unannounced or after the family's evening meals.
The water used in boiling the kenkey is used as a drink when a maize or corn husks is used as the wrapper for cooking the kenkey. This water is called otinshi nu.
Note: Ready-to-use fermented cornmeal dough made especially for banku and kenkey may be available at African grocery stores and should be prepared according to package instructions.
- Jamaican Cooking: 140 Roadside and Homestyle Recipes.
- "Regional Dishes". touringghana. Retrieved 9 August 2013.
- "KENKEY". Ghanaweb. Retrieved 9 August 2013.
- Phil Bartle. "Kwasi Bruni; Corn and the Europeans". VCN.org.
- "West Africa Recipe - Cooking Kenkey". West Africa Secondary School, Accra Ghana. PBS Kids.
- "Questions and Answers > Food products > What is kenkey and how is it made?". Food-info.net. Wageningen University, The Netherlands.
- Fran Osseo-Asare (March 28, 2007). "Ghana-style Kenkey". Betumi.com.


text: Figure 1: Effects of APA deficiency on SBP. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) of APA−/−, APA+/−, and APA+/+ mice at 3 months ( to 15 per group) was determined by a tail-cuff system. Each datum point represents the mean measurement of 2-d taken after 4-d training period. The average ± SEM of each group is represented by an open circle and a bar. *.


You Ask! We Count!
Number of Atheists in the World
How many atheists are there in the world?
In 2007, there are an estimated 157,529,444 people worldwide who are atheists. This is according to data compiled from the 2010 World Factbook of the United States Central Intelligence Agency.Â This number represents about 2.32% of the world population at that time. Translated to current population statistics there would be about 170,088,267 atheists in the world today.
This fact is verified on : February 28, 2010.
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Here's the code I have which takes a string and reverse it
 name = "I CAN REVERSE THIS"
 def reverse_string(name_string)
 string_arr = []
 string_arr = name_string.split('')
 for i in 1..(string_arr.length)
 new_string = "#{new_string}#{string_arr[-i]}"
 _TAG_ new_string
 new_name = reverse_string(name)
 puts new_name
Why does my reverse_string function returns "1..18" if no return actions is called inside the function, but returns expected results if return action is called?
share|improve this question
Are you trying to rewrite reverse method?? – bjhaid Feb 26 '12 at 12:56
New to Ruby; was just exploring; seems like best way to learn is to rewrite simple methods. – ZeTradr Feb 27 '12 at 15:52
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1 Answer
up vote 1 down vote accepted
In Ruby, a method's implicit return value (if no explicit call to return is being made) is the return value of the last statement in that method. In this case that is the for, which apparently returns what it iterated over.
share|improve this answer
make sense; Thanks! – ZeTradr Feb 26 '12 at 8:29
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Your Answer


text:
What does Ante Meridiem and Post Meridiem mean in time?
They are Latin words ; Ante Meridiem (AM) means before midday and Post Meridiem (PM) means after midday.
AM and PM
Ante meridian simply means before noon, while post meridian means after noon. Each of these two periods have a total of 12 hours numbered, and you can find more details here _URL_


text:
Sub Exercise() Dim Tracks As Integer End Sub
Instead of using As Integer, you can use the % type character. Therefore, the above declaration could be done as follows:
Sub Exercise() Dim Tracks% End Sub
After declaring the variable, you can assign the desired value to it. If you assign a value lower than -32768 or higher than 32767, when you decide to use it, you would receive an error.
If you have a value that needs to be converted into a natural number, you can use CInt() using the following formula:
Number = CInt(Value to Convert)
Between the parentheses of CInt(), enter the value, text, or expression that needs to be converted.


text:
In the chapter titled An Engaging Monarchy, John Hooper, author of The New Spaniards, provides some insight into why the Bourbon royals are different or seen as different compared to other ruling monarchies. Hooper described a memorial service after the 2004 Madrid terrorist attacks:
When the service ended, the dignitaries prepared to file out, led by the Spanish royal family. But instead of leaving the relatives alone with their grief and incomprehension, King Juan Carlos and Queen Sofia, accompanied by their children and their children's partners, moved from pew to pew consoling the bereaved.
They clasped the hands of the bereaved, hugged their shoulders and kissed their cheeks. The King embraced a stooped old lady, and bent down to listen to her story. The Queen wept openly. Princess Cristina too sobbed as she hugged mourners.
It is inconceivable that any of the Windsors, for example, would have put their dignity at risk in that fashion.


text:
In REST API, a resource is an abstract notion. When the client and the server communicate with each other, they exchange representations of resources.
The resource representation has the form of an XML document. For example, if you request information about a Veeam backup server connected to Veeam Backup Enterprise Manager, Veeam Backup Enterprise Manager will return a resource representation of the Veeam backup server resource similar to the following:
A resource representation is a document that holds all data you need to know about the resource and its behavior. Typically, a resource representation contains the following data on the resource:
- General information about the resource: name, ID, URL and type
- Information about other resources related to the resource
- Set of actions that can be performed with the resource (if applicable)
Information about related resources and actions available for the resource is presented in the form of links.
- Resource Representations for Non-Key Resources
- Resource Representation for Key Resources
- Resource Representations for Collections of Resources


Our Observations
We have deployed this model using A100 GPU and observed that the model took an average cold start time of 16.17sec and an average inference time of 13.78sec for music sample length of 8sec.
Defining Dependencies
We are using the Audiocraft library from Meta for the model deployment.
Constructing the GitHub/GitLab Template
Now quickly construct the GitHub/GitLab template, this process is mandatory and make sure you don't add any file named model.py
Musicgen-stereo-melody-large/
├── app.py
├── inferless-runtime-config.yaml
├── inferless.yaml
└── input_schema.py
You can also add other files to this directory.
Create the class for inference
In the app.py we will define the class and import all the required functions
 1. def initialize: In this function, you will initialize your model and define any variable that you want to use during inference.
 2. def infer: This function gets called for every request that you send. Here you can define all the steps that are required for the inference. You can also pass custom values for inference through the inputs parameter.
 3. def finalize: This function cleans up all the allocated memory.
import torchaudio
from audiocraft.models import MusicGen
from audiocraft.data.audio import audio_write
import base64
class InferlessPythonModel:

 def initialize(self):
 self.model = MusicGen.get_pretrained('facebook/musicgen-stereo-melody-large')
 self.model.set_generation_params(duration=8)

 def infer(self, inputs):

 descriptions = [inputs["prompt"]]
 wav = self.model.generate(descriptions)

 for idx, one_wav in enumerate(wav):
 audio_write("temp", one_wav.cpu(), self.model.sample_rate, strategy="loudness", loudness_compressor=True)

 with open("temp.wav", "rb") as audio_file:
 audio_bytes = audio_file.read()
 audio_base64 = base64.b64encode(audio_bytes).decode('utf-8')

 return {"generated_audio_base64": audio_base64}
 def finalize(self,args):
 self.model = None
Create the Input Schema
We have to create a input_schema.py in your GitHub/Gitlab repository this will help us create the Input parameters. You can checkout our documentation on Input / Output Schema.
For this tutorial, we have defined a parameter prompt which is required during the API call. Now lets create the input_schema.py.
INPUT_SCHEMA = {
 "prompt": {
 'datatype': 'STRING',
 'required': True,
 'shape': [1],
 'example': ["Rock with saturated guitars, a heavy bass line and crazy drum break and fills."]
 }
}
Creating the Custom Runtime
This is a mandatory step where we allow the users to upload their own custom runtime through inferless-runtime-config.yaml.
build:
 cuda_version: "12.1.1"
 system_packages:
 - "libssl-dev"
 - "libx11-6"
 - "ffmpeg"
 python_packages:
 - "torch==2.1.0"
 - "audiocraft==1.2.0"
Deploying the model on Inferless
Inferless supports multiple ways of importing your model. For this tutorial, we will use GitHub.
Import the Model through GitHub
Click on theRepo(Custom code) and then click on the Add provider to connect to your GitHub account. Once your account integration is completed, click on your Github account and continue.
Provide the Model details
Enter the name of the model and pass the GitHub repository URL.
Configure the machine
In this 4th step, the user has to configure the inference setup. On the Inferless platform, we support all the GPUs. For this tutorial, we recommend using A100 GPU. Select A100 from the drop-down menu in the GPU Type.
You also have the flexibility to select from different machine types. Opting for a dedicated machine type will grant you access to an entire GPU while choosing the shared option allocates 50% of the VRAM. In this tutorial, we will opt for the dedicated machine type.
Choose the Minimum and Maximum replicas that you would need for your model:
 - Min replica: The number of inference workers to keep on at all times.
 - Max replica: The maximum number of inference workers to allow at any point in time.
If you wish to enable Automatic rebuild for your model setup, toggle the switch. Note that setting up a web-hook is necessary for this feature. Click here for more details.
In the Advance configuration, we have the option to select the custom runtime. First, click on the Add runtime to upload the inferless-runtime-config.yaml file, give any name and save it. Choose the runtime from the drop-down menu and then click on continue.
Review and Deploy
In this final stage, carefully review all modifications. Once you've examined all changes, proceed to deploy the model by clicking the Submit button.
Voilà, your model is now deployed!
Method B: Deploying the model on Inferless CLI
Inferless allows you to deploy your model using Inferless-CLI. Follow the steps to deploy using Inferless CLI.
Initialization of the model
Create the app.py and inferless-runtime-config.yaml, move the files to the working directory. Run the following command to initialize your model:
inferless init
Upload the custom runtime
Once you have created the inferless-runtime-config.yaml file, you can run the following command:
inferless runtime upload
Upon entering this command, you will be prompted to provide the configuration file name. Enter the name and ensure to update it in the inferless.yaml file. Now you are ready for the deployment.
Deploy the Model
Execute the following command to deploy your model. Once deployed, you can track the build logs on the Inferless platform:
inferless deploy


text:
Transient Analysis of the Piston Temperature with Consideration of In-cylinder Phenomena Using Engine Measurement and Heat Transfer Simulation Coupled with Three-dimensional Combustion Simulation
This study examined a method of predicting the piston temperature in reciprocating internal combustion engines with the aim of developing lightweight pistons. Since the piston temperature is strongly affected by the in-cylinder temperature distribution and turbulence, it is necessary to consider the effects of flame propagation, cooling by the intake air, temperature rise due to combustion, in-cylinder flow and the combustion chamber shape. A three-dimensional combustion simulation that can take these effects into consideration was run to calculate the heat transfer coefficient from the piston crown surface and the gas temperature. The results were used as the boundary conditions for an analysis of heat transfer from the piston, and a method was thus developed for analyzing the piston temperature.


Article ID : S500024724 / Last Modified : 11/04/2018
How do I use Share Charm in Windows 8?
How do I use Share Charm in Windows 8?
 The Share Charm allows you to quickly share files and information with people you know or send info to another app, without having to exit to the App you are currently using. Examples of using the Share Charm are emailing photos to someone or posting an article to Facebook.
 The share Charm is available from anywhere in the system, but it can only be used to the Apps that supports Sharing.
 To use the Share Charm:
 1. Open a file or information you want to Share. For example, using the Photos App, select one of the Photos you have.
 Note: If you have not selected any item, Windows 8 will display a message that there's nothing to share and asks you to select an app and try again.
 2. Move your mouse from the top or bottom-right corner of the screen, and then click on Share charm from the Charms bar.
 3. Choose which app to share with, and then follow the on-screen instructions. For example, choose Email app if you want to email the photo you've selected.


text:
NORFOLK (AP) -- The Navy has finished construction on the largest solar energy project in Virginia.
The Virginian-Pilot reports the 10-acre solar farm just outside of Naval Station Norfolk contains more than 8,600 panels.
Michelle Perry, project manager for Naval Facilities Engineering Command, says the panels can generate up to 2.1 megawatts of electricity, which is enough to power about 200 homes. That's about 2 percent of the electricity required to run Naval Station Norfolk, the world's largest naval base.
Although construction was completed in November, the photovoltaic panels are not yet connected to the electricity grid that feeds the base. Perry says that connection is expected by Christmas.
Information from: The Virginian-Pilot, _URL_


text:
What is the extinction coefficient of BSA?
The molar extinction coefficient (ε) for BSA: 43,824 cm-1M-1 (Absorbance max at 280 nm)
How do you calculate the extinction coefficient of a protein?
The extinction coefficient is the absorbance divided by the concentration and the pathlength, according to Beer's Law (epsilon = absorbance/concentration/pathlength). The units of extinction coefficients are usually M-1cm-1, but for proteins it is often more convenient to use (mg/ml)-1cm-1.
How do you calculate the molar extinction coefficient of a peptide?
The calculated concentration, assuming the stated percent absorptivity value, is as follows: (A / εpercent) × 10 = cmg/ml (1.346 / 6.6) × 10 = 2.039mg/mL Assuming a MW = 66,400, the molar extinction coefficient at 280nm for BSA is approximately 43,824M-1 cm-1.
What is the PI of beta lactoglobulin?
Bovine β-Lg consists of 162 amino acid residues per monomer, with an MW of ∼18 kDa; its amino acid sequence and that of several other species have been established. Its isoelectric point is ∼pH 5.2. It contains two intramolecular disulfide bonds and one mol of cysteine per monomer.
What is an extinction coefficient of protein?
Extinction coefficients for proteins are determined at absorbance maxima near 280 nm. Protein analysis is needed to determine if a sample solution contains the desired protein. For example, measuring the absorbance of a protein sample at 280 nm with a spectrophotometer is a rapid and straightforward method.
What is the function of beta-lactoglobulin?
β-lactoglobulin is a lipocalin protein, and can bind many hydrophobic molecules, suggesting a role in their transport. β-lactoglobulin has also been shown to be able to bind iron via siderophores and thus might have a role in combating pathogens.
What is beta-lactoglobulin used for?
β-Lactoglobulin (LG) is suspected to enhance or modulate human immune responses. Moreover, LG is also hypothesized to increase human cell proliferation. However, these potential functions of LG have not been directly or thoroughly addressed.
What does extinction coefficient represent?
Extinction coefficient ( E) It is a measurement of how strongly a molecular species absorbs light at a given wavelength. The absorbance of light at a given wavelength of a substance is dependent on the mass density or molar concentration of the specific substance.
Does extinction coefficient depend on wavelength?
The refractive index (n) and extinction coefficient (k) are related to the interaction between a material and incident light and are associated with refraction and absorption, respectively. Both refractive index (n) and extinction coefficient (k) depend on the wavelength.
What is ββ-lactoglobulin (β-lg)?
β-Lactoglobulin (β-Lg) represents ∼50% of the whey proteins, ∼12% of the total proteins, in bovine milk. It is a typical globular protein that has been characterized very well. The extensive literature has been reviewed, among others, by Sawyer (2003; 2013) and Creamer et al. (2011).
What is the function of beta lactoglobulin?
β-Lactoglobulin is the main component of milk skin, coagulating and denaturing when the milk boils. Once denatured, the β-Lactoglobulin forms a thin gelatinous film on the surface of the milk. Folding intermediates for this protein can be studied using light spectroscopy and denaturant.
Can ultrasound induce glycation of beta-lactoglobulin in aqueous solutions?
Bovine β-lactoglobulin (β-Lg) is one of major allergens in cow's milk. Previous study showed that ultrasound treatment induced the conformational changes of β-Lg and promoted the glycation in aqueous solutions, which is, however, less efficient compared with dry-state.
What percentage of milk protein is beta lactoglobulin?
For example, it accounts for about 10% of the total milk proteins in cow's milk. Surprisingly, β-lactoglobulin is not present in the milk of humans and other species including some rodents, rabbits, camels and llamas.


text:
SUPPORT ARCHIVES is the mission name used to indicate data collected
in broad support of mission/observation planning and data analysis.
It includes catalogs of properties (magnitudes, lightcurves, etc.),
shape models, ground-based surveys, special compilations of Earth-
orbiting observatory data, laboratory spectra, and any other data
set that was not generated by or for a specific mission, or which is
broadly applicable to present and future researchers and proposers.
As of this writing, the objects observed under this MISSION_NAME
include meteorites, comets, asteroids, natural satellites, and


text:
Economic Report of the President
The Economic Report of the President is an annual report written by the Chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers. It overviews the nation's economic progress using text and extensive data appendices. The Economic Report of the President is transmitted to Congress no later than ten days after the submission of the Budget of the United States Government. Information provided includes current and foreseeable trends and numerical goals concerning topics such as employment, production, real income and Federal budget outlays, employment objectives for significant groups of the labor force, annual numeric goals, and a program for carrying out program objectives. The report has been published since 1947.
1947 to 2013
Indexes of Quantity and Unit Value of United States Domestic Merchandise Exports, by Economic Class
Download this page from:
Download this page in groups:


text:
Reliable and easy-to-use
Consistent and accurate
Magnetic damping is an important concept in electromagnetism. The mechanical effect of magnetic damping has very important applications. This experimental apparatus is designed to measure the uniform sliding speed of a magnetic slide on a non-ferromagnetic conductor inclined rail. Through data processing, magnetic damping coefficient and sliding friction coefficient are acquired. This experimental apparatus is related to physics concepts such as mechanics and electromagnetism.
This apparatus has the following advantages:
1. It has reliable design and convenient angle adjustment.
2. Experimental data has good repeatability and consistency, and the experimental error is small.
3. The incline angle can be easily calculated by directly reading the length of one side of the triangle from the scale on the horizontal support (the other two sides are known).
4. The timer is intelligent and can store 10 counts of timing data.
5. It can be used for general physics experiments in colleges.
The instruction manual contains experimental configurations, principles, step-by-step instructions, and examples of experiment results. Please click Experiment Theory and Contents to find more information about this apparatus.
|Inclined rail||Range of adjustable angle: 0 °~ 90 °|
|Length: 1.1 m|
|Length at junction: 0.44 m|
|Adjusting support||Length: 0.63 m|
|Counting timer||Counting: 10 times (storage)|
|Timing range: 0.000-9.999 s; resolution: 0.001 s|
|Magnetic slide||Dimension: diameter=18 mm; thickness= 6 mm|
|Mass: 11.07 g|


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Paper Topic:
Humor and Empowerment of Women in Carol Satyamurti's
I Shall Paint my Nails Red
Carole Satyamurti, a poet and sociologist cleverly weaved the plight of ordinary women in I Shall Paint my Nails Red : women who are seen as a mere background of the societyneglected and lost in the mundane of her existence. While it is easy to discern that I Shall Paint my Nails is nothing but the showcasing of a woman's vanity seeking attention, a closer look at the poem would reveal a deeper and multi-layered analysis
of women. In essence, Carole Satyamurti's I Shall Paint my Nails Red was able to show the different roles and interpretations of women of her self, to her daughter, to her lover, the society and to lifethat painting her nails red symbolizes a departure from her customary role in to show an intelligent, interesting and valuable person capable of so much more than her ordinary routines. It is a declaration of a woman's importance
The color red is interpreted in poetry as a figure of speech for passion, anger and strong emotions. In this light, Satyamurti used this color to depict a seemingly humorous and trivial poem into one that speaks of a woman's importance. In the first line "because a bit of color is a public service (line 1 " Satyamurti departs from the convention that public service is about service, the economy and production. Essentially, the poem recognizes that it is not only men who are components of production and economics that can perform public service but also women who provide not only entertainment but beauty and compassion. This is affirmed in her second line when Satyamurti declared that "because i am proud of my hands (line 2'connoting that her hands that are used to do household chores are also important. By painting it red, Satyamurti calls attention to the role of women in the society and in the familythat while they are not being paid for work they do everyday of their lives, it should not be neglected. Thus, being proud of one's hands and putting a red paint on it declares that the woman is aware of her economic and sociological role and significance
On the other hand, the third and fourth lines of the poem points to the theme of strength and empowerment in women. In the line "because it will remind me I'm a woman (line 3 " and "because I will look like a survivor " the woman is declaring that being a woman means being brave and strong. Thus, by re-affirming her gender identity, the person in the poem is also recognizing that women in general possess strength of characters. Furthermore, because the color red symbolizes intense emotions, it evokes attention thereby, reminding us that women are not ordinary. For instance, in the fifth line "because I can admire them in traffic jams (line 5 " it is easy to note that this is vanity...


Request PDF on ResearchGate | Bore finishing—The ballizing process | The ballizing process is a relatively new microfinishing process that involves the forcing. Request PDF on ResearchGate | A Study of the Ballizing Process | The ballizing process which involves the forcing of a precision ground tungsten carbide ball. PDF | Ballizing is a method of finishing an internal diameter. This process involves the forcing of a precision-ground metallic ball through a slightly undersized.
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What is Burnishing Balls or Ballizing? It is a metal-displacement process, in which an oversize ball is pushed through an undersize hole.
There was a problem providing the content you requested
The ball expands the hole by displacing an amount of material equal to the interference fit. The ball displaces metal by plastic flow leaving a layer of denser metal on the ID wall. In some materials, the ID is work hardened by cold-work ballizing, and wear life of the Balliizng wall increases.
Burnishing in manufacturing There are several forms of burnishing processes, the most common are roller burnishing and ball burnishing ballizing. In both cases, a burnishing tool rubs against the workpiece and plastically deforms its surface. The workpiece proccess be at ambient temperature, or heated to reduce the forces and wear on the tool. The tool is usually hardened and coated with special materials to increase its life.
Ball burnishing, burnishing balls, or ballizing, is a replacement for other bore finishing operations such as grinding, honing, or polishing. A ballizing tool consists of one or more over-sized balls that are pushed through a hole. The tool is similar to a broach, but provess of cutting away material, it plows it out of the way.
Ball burnishing is also used as a deburring operation. It is especially useful for removing the burr in the middle of a through hole that was drilled from both sides.
Roller burnishing, or surface rolling, is used on cylindrical, conical, or disk shaped workpieces. The tool resembles a roller bearing, but the rollers are fixed so they slide against the workpiece surface instead of rolling. It is simultaneously rotated and pressed into the workpiece. Typical applications for roller burnishing include hydraulic system components, shaft fillets, and sealing surfaces.
Burnishing balls also occurs to some extent in machining processes. In turning, burnishing occurs if the cutting tool is not sharp, if a large negative rake angle is used, if a very small depth of cut is used, or if the workpiece material is gummy.
As a cutting tool wears, it becomes more blunt and the burnishing effect becomes more pronounced. In grinding, since the abrasive grains are randomly oriented and some are not sharp, there is always some amount of burnishing.
This is one reason the grinding is less efficient and generates more heat than turning. Results you can depend on The results of burnishing balls are predictable and nearly foolproof. This compares favorably to most reaming and grinding operations.
Industrial Tectonics, precision ball manufacturer, offers balls in a variety of sizes and tolerances. We can help you determine the type of ball you need, taking into consideration your workpiece and the degree of precision you require.
Ballizing, ball burnishing with tungsten carbide balls | ITI Ball
Because ballizing uses only a precision ball for sizing and finishing, and not a complex tool assembly, small holes often are easier to ballize than to grind, hone, or roller burnish. In fact, you can ballize a hole as small as 0.
Defective parts are almost impossible profess produce. Consequently, the process lends itself to automation. Please contact us for more information or you may get a custom quote online for your burnishing ball or ball burnishing questions or needs.


Make Recovery Rides Fun!
The Purpose of Recovery Rides
Is there a really a good reason to ride easy? The answer is absolutely, yes!
Your hard training sessions result in muscle damage. The rest and repair that occurs after this damage is the time for adaptation to occur and for you to get stronger. You can't get stronger if recovery does not occur. Active recovery or recovery rides aid the recovery process by stimulating blood flow that carries the nutrients to help heal damaged muscles and tissue. This light pedaling also flushes your legs of metabolic waste that is the by-product of your harder sessions.
Make recovery rides fun! Photo courtesy Sarah Kaufmann
Most athletes do well with four hard days of training per week. Few can tolerate (and adapt to) more, and many athletes actually experience better adaptation with fewer hard days per week. If you train hard for four days, that leaves three days for light riding or off. For most of the riders I coach, that means two days of light riding and one day completely off.
If you are a very time-crunched athlete, take the three days off the bike and just do your four hard days of training. If you can prioritize riding time a little more, the two days of lighter riding will aid your recovery and adaptation. Usually one of those days will be a dedicated 'Recovery Ride'. The other easy day should still be a lighter ride, with a slightly different goal (be that skills work or neuromuscular in nature), but still a shorter duration and lighter intensity than the dedicated hard training days.
The wording I use when I prescribe recovery rides is as follows; "Little to no resistance on the pedals, the only goal is to spin your legs out. Make an effort to breathe only through your nose. This ensures that you keep the effort low enough and it also elicits a lower stress hormonal response to the activity."
These rides should be anywhere from 30 to 60 minutes and should leave you feeling refreshed. When in doubt, less is more with recovery rides. In cased you are wondering if your ride is too easy, it isn't. If you are wondering if your ride is too hard, it probably is. Choose a flat route and keep it in a gear that allows you to lightly spin. You should stay below about 50% of your threshold power and about 70% of your threshold heart rate.
Recovery rides should be both a mental and physical break from training. If the weather is crummy or riding sounds like a chore, just take the day off. Recovery rides should not be an additional source of stress. Spin to the coffee shop, ride in jeans, or ride your beater bike. Add whatever outside cues you can to keep yourself from digging deep or trying to go fast. If you are eyeing a segment on STRAVA, turn STRAVA off that day, no PR's on recovery rides.
Let recovery rides be your mental and physical reward for the work you put in during your hard sessions. Instead of dreading them as wasted time, appreciate the benefit you get from active recovery and soak up the lightness.
Sarah Kaufmann is the owner of K Cycling Coaching. She is an elite level XC and CX racer for the DNA Pro Cycling Team. She is based in Salt Lake City, UT and can be reached at [email protected] or _PHONE_.
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text:
This paper was originally published in Ecological Economics.
"Abstract: Natural capital is usually presented as a recent concept, used for the first time in the 1970s, adopted in an important contribution by David Pearce in 1988, and widely used by ecological economists in the early 1990s. First employed to incorporate natural constraints into the economic lexicon, and to oblige economists to take the environment into account, the concept has also been used to include the environment in narrow economic valuations.
To take a global view of these controversial uses, this paper reconsiders the genesis of natural capital as an economic concept, not in its present-day form, but from its almost unknown, ancient origins in the 1900s–1910s, in the writing of Alvin S. Johnson. The article first sheds light on this historical and theoretical moment, and then shows how it can help interpret current controversies about natural capital…"
Read on and access the full paper at: Ecological Economics.


_USER_{Braun2007Telling, abstract = {We investigate the matching algorithm used by the German central clearinghouse for university admissions (ZVS) in medicine and related subjects. This mechanism consists of three procedures based on final grades from school (Abiturbestenverfahren, Auswahlverfahren der Hochschulen) and on waiting time (Wartezeitverfahren). While these procedures differ in the criteria applied for admission they all make use of priority matching. In priority matching schemes, it is not a dominant strategy for students to submit their true preferences. Thus, strategic behaviour is expected. Using the full data set of applicants, we are able to detect some amount of strategic behaviour which can lead to inefficient matching. Alternative ways to organize the market are briefly discussed.}, address = {Berlin}, author = {Sebastian Braun and Nadja Dwenger and Dorothea K\"{u}bler}, copyright = {_URL_ keywords = {C78; D02; D78; I29; 330; Matching; university admissions; strategic behaviour; Studienfach; Berufswahl; Zentrale Organisation; Matching; Spieltheorie; Deutschland}, language = {eng}, number = {759}, publisher = {Deutsches Institut f\"{u}r Wirtschaftsforschung (DIW)}, title = {Telling the truth may not pay off: an empirical study of centralised university admissions in Germany}, type = {Discussion papers // German Institute for Economic Research}, url = {_URL_ year = {2007} }


text:
Kenn Heydrick, President-Elect for the Science Teachers Association of Texas.
What does STAT stand for?
STAT stands for Science Teachers Association of Texas
This definition appears frequently and is found in the following Acronym Finder categories:
- Science, medicine, engineering, etc.
- Organizations, NGOs, schools, universities, etc.
See other definitions of STAT
We have 92 other meanings of STAT in our Acronym Attic
- Staatssicherheitsdienst (State Security, former East Germany)
- Software for Ambient Semantic Interoperable Services
- South Tidewater Association of Ship Repairers
- Short Term Air Supply System (emergency breathing system)
- South Tyneside Assessment of Syntactic Structure (language assessment tool)
- Standard Training Activity Support System (Navy-CNET)
- Submarine Towed Array Surveillance/Sonar System
- Surveillance and Target Acquisition Aircraft System
- Science and Technology Assistance Team
- Scientific Test and Analysis Techniques (various organizations)
- Security Test and Analysis Tool
- Security Threat Avoidance Technology (Harris Corporation)
- Short Term Assessment and Treatment
- Short Turn-Around Time
- Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription
- Situation Triage and Assessment Team
- Slotted Tube Atom Trap
- Small Transport Aircraft Technology
- Society of Teachers of the Alexander Technique
Samples in periodicals archive:
10 /PRNewswire/ -- The Science Teachers Association of Texas (STAT) presented its "1995 Recognition of Service to Science Education by a Business" award to Exxon Corporation (NYSE: XON) today in honor of Exxon's million dollar Texas Exxon Energy Cube program.


text:
As I'm trying to read through Readwithtajweed, I am confused about the meaning of harakat / count, in regards to Madd.
What is 1 (or 2,3, etc.) count? I've read that it is equivalent to seconds (1 count = 1 second). Are count durations relative to the speed with which I read, like beat/rhythm in music?