Heuristic for Solving NP Planning Problem
Continue from last post about NP-Problem. Today, I am going to study a planning puzzle which is a type of NP-problem.
In fact, planning problems are NP-Hard (Scary).
Disclaimer: This post is for self-study and for research purposes only. I reuse some of the content from third party website (the Bus-Driver-Planning Puzzle). If it caused any unintended troubles to whatever party, please leave comment below and I will remove the post.
The Bus-Driver-Planning Puzzle
This is a real life puzzle according to the creator. It looks something like this:
 - There are three bus lines: Line 1, Line 2, Line 3
 - You must allocate two drivers per line per day. One for the morning shift and one for the late shift.
 - A driver can only do one shift per day; early or late.
 - There are eleven bus drivers: A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, and K. Some are only qualified to drive on Line 1, 2 or 3, while some are qualified to drive on a combination of two of those lines. Find the qualifications under each driver name in the Shift Planning form.
 - Every driver is entitled to days off. Days off are indicated with dark gray nodes in the Shift Planning form. You can't assign shifts on days off.
 - Some drivers prefer to take particular days of the week off. This is indicated by light gray nodes in the Shift Planning form. These are preferences, rather than rules.
 - Drivers may prefer to work an early or late shift on particular days. The yellow nodes in Shift Planning form indicate shift preferences.
 - Most drivers dislike working too many late shifts. Therefore, the late shifts should be distributed as fairly as possible among the drivers. You should aim to assign exactly 4 late shifts to each driver over the two-week planning period.
 - According to an agreement with the Transport Workers Union, a driver must not be assigned a late shift followed by an early shift the next day.
 - According to a second agreement with the Transport Workers Union, a driver can only work no more than three consecutive late shifts.
Planning Puzzle
An Example of the Planning Puzzle
You can earn and lose points in the following way:
Respect a single shift preference +3
Respect a single driver day-off preference +4
For each driver allocated a long rest (3 or more consecutive days off) +5
For each unassigned shift -20
For each late shift followed immediately by an early shift in a single driver's schedule -30
For every after the third consecutive late shift assigned to a single driver -10
For every late shift assigned that is not equal to 4 -8
Here is the problem…
Given the above puzzle, how would you approach it? In fact, the above puzzle is intended to be solved with optimum solution (a score of 162) within an hour MANUALLY. In other words, you need to assign the tasks to the driver one by one to fill in the colorful puzzle in the example above (see image above).
Knowing that this problem is NP-hard, which means there is almost an infinite number of feasible solutions in the search space, finding the optimum solution MANUALLY is nearly impossible. Hitting the jackpot/lottery has higher chance than finding the perfect solution.
However, there are people who scored a full 162 scores for it. Is it luck? Possible. From time to time, there are people who hit the multi-millions jackpot. Are they skillful? Not sure. Are they lucky? Sure yes!
The only way to know whether those who scored 162 scores are really skillful is to ask them to solve several puzzles in a row and see if they can still maintain full scores for every puzzle. However, this still cannot rule out the possibility of luck since in life, there are people who got strike by lightning more than anyone else.
How to approach the NP problem
Having a near-optimum solution for a NP-hard problem is good enough. This avoids the need to exhaust all the possible solutions to find for the optimal one which might take up the whole universe time.
With the above knowledge, we can devise a heuristic solver to tackle the problem. Heuristic is an experience-based, quick and dirty way to come up with a near-optimal solution. With a little bit of luck, sometimes, it can also achieve an optimal solution.
Heuristic for the NP Planning Problem
Firstly, we need a model to represent the problem. The puzzle's input (the constraints of the puzzle like the drivers' preferences and the resources like which driver drives which line, etc) and output (the assignments of each driver) need to be encoded in a way that a computer can handle (The actual implementation is not exposed to allow imagination for the readers).
Then we need an evaluation function that can evaluation the quality of the solution. It allows us to know whether solution A is better than solution B. This function is obtained via the information from the table with points above.
Thirdly, our goal is to maximize the score. The most straight forward way to achieve this is to pick a task from a pool of available tasks and test-assign it to all the drivers for every day and evaluation the assignment to find the maximum score before assigning the task to a specific driver on a specific day. Then continue until no more task can be assigned.
With this approach, we will usually arrive at a local maximum and stuck there. To overcome this, we need to inject certain randomness to the solver by randomly unassign certain tasks from certain drivers and rerun the previous step to reassign the tasks back to drivers with the highest score. And do this infinitely.
Heuristic Random Solver
Heuristic Random Solver
The animation above shows the successive highest scores found (the animation is run at a one-second cadence) for the same puzzle in the example at the beginning of this article. The heuristic solver hit a maximum score of 148 (out of 162) after running for about 1 hour and 17 minutes.
An interesting thing to mention is that different run of the solver will return different high score at different duration. For example, sometimes, it will produce a score of 147 in under 30 minutes, however, on other times, it needs more than one hour to return the same high score. Thus the non-deterministic nature of the solver.
Another thing to note is that, given enough time to run, the solver will hit the jackpot one day. For example, for certain puzzles, it can hit a score of 154 after running for a few hours. If given enough time, it should be able to find the optimal solution.
Heuristic Random Solver (faster animation)
Heuristic Random Solver (faster animation)
This is a faster animation of the same algorithm running on the same puzzle. It allows us to "see" and have an idea of the evolution of the solution. We can practically see how the solution is forming gradually.
There are two kinds of constraints for the puzzle: hard and soft constraints. Hard constraints are constraints that you must follow. Soft constraints are constraints that are OK not to follow, however, they will cost penalty.
In this puzzle, hard constraints are:
 - day off which no driver can work on that day
 - the line that a driver can drive
Soft constraints are:
 - the drivers' preferences
 - the penalties like driving late shift for 3 consecutive nights, having late shift followed by early shift, having number of late shifts not equal to 4
If you think about it, hard constraints are actually a good thing to have since it limits the search space. We have less to search. However, what make things complicated are the soft constraints. We don't know whether to satisfy them or not. But we cannot ignore them else we won't be able to find the near-optimal solution.
It is a bad idea to turn the soft constraints to become hard constraints hoping that it can reduce the dimensions of the search space. Doing this will make the solver unable to even assign all the tasks to the drivers. This is a key learning that I had.


text:
Nursing leaders today find themselves trying to straddle two worlds…..the world of the now and the world of what is ahead with health reform. There are no clear answers about the right strategies to embrace or initiatives to launch. Bob Johansen describes today's environment using the term VUCA, one characterized by volatility, uncertainty, complexity and ambiguity. VUCA environments are stressful and the natural reaction is to challenge ourselves to keep up and work at a grueling pace. But is this always the best approach? In his book, The Pause Principle: Step Back to Lean Forward, Kevin Cashman suggests that the role of the leader is to bring clarity to chaos. He recommends that to do this, leaders have to step back and gain a fresh perspective that transcends the immediate swirl of activity. We have to pause.
Cashman's suggests that fast thinking is the domain of management transaction, while slow thinking is the leadership domain of strategic, innovative transformation. He believes every leader is on a journey from being a transaction-focused manager to an authentic leader that inspires real change. At the core of this transformation is the ability to pause. But for most, slowing down to drive performance is counter to instinct, especially when they have been rewarded for speed and action. But stepping forward to act, particularly in complex situations, without first stepping back for information, clarity, and connection to what is most important can be disastrous. Many nurse leaders have stories about reacting to quickly to situations. To relearn these patterns of behavior, Cashman recommends the following 7 pause practices that leaders should adopt:
- Be On-Purpose – it is the role of the leader to remain of and remind everyone about what is important. In the midst of healthcare reform and a movement toward accountable care organizations, the day to day care of patients matters as does the happiness and satisfaction of staff.
- Question and Listen– Cashman suggests that questions are the language of pause. They allow us as leaders to reframe, reconsider and revisit. Listening is the incubator for growing clarity out of complexity. Questioning and listening are essential to leadership growth.
- Risk Experimentation– although our tendency might be to minimize risk in stressful situations, this is not how growth occurs. He recommends stepping back from long held beliefs to attempt the new.
- Reflect and Synthesize – Cashman observes that with our addiction to speedy decisions, it is easy to become a transactional leader. Great leaders take the time to incubate ideas and develop more strategic and forward thinking solutions.
- Consider Inside-Out and Outside-In Dynamics – to fully think about our leadership, we must not only reflect on what is happening in our environments but also what is happening within us. Transformation and change usually involves inner work as well as outer work. Stop to pause and ask your self – what impact is this having on me – are my beliefs being challenged and how can I change.
- Foster Generativity – generativity is the energy and enthusiasm we receive by developing others to surpass our own accomplishments. It is pausing to make sure that you are doing your own succession planning and leaving your leadership legacy.
- Be Authentic– Cashman observes that there is no greater force than a truly authentic leader. We must pause to reflect on how we can be more authentic and create lasting value.
Although this is a book about leadership, there are also many lessons that can also be applied to our lives outside of work. Many leaders today know that they need to slow down and reduce their stress level because it is unhealthy. Through our nursing careers, we quickly learn how your life can quickly change in an instant with an accident or illness, but we forget this in our day to day work. We sometimes are forced to pause because we cannot ignore what has happened to us. Cashman suggests that there is a better way – we need to integrate the pauses into our life and work.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
When an adult gets a hold of Sophie The Giraffe, the first comment is usually "Oh! It is so soft! What is that texture? Amazing!", and when we mention that it is natural rubber straight from the trees, he or she immediately starts smelling Sophie. Some love the smell because it reminds them of their childhood. Others like it less. Some would love to taste it but refrain themselves, due to the fact that they are adults.
But what do babies think of Sophie? Actions speaking louder than words, it seems that they all agree: Sophie The Giraffe is fun to hold, but it is also the greatest object to gnaw and chew on.
The counter-pressure from biting on Sophie's nubs, ears, and feet helps relieve the pressure from under the gums when a baby teethes.
For parents the best thing about Sophie ( handmade in France) is that she is made out of a natural flexible rubber, and non-toxic paint and that she has no harmful chemicals (such as Parabens, PVC, Phtalates, BPA (Bisphenol-A) and Nitrosamines). She is a safe alternative to a plastic teether and helps minimize a baby's chance of being exposed to chemicals.
In the first year, babies put everything in their mouths, and in doing so, they can absorb large amounts of toxic chemicals that we aren't always aware of. Some of those chemicals have not been around long enough for us to know what the long-term consequences might be, but why take a chance when our babies can have Sophie? ^__^


text:
When we originally converted the build to maven we had a single "core" module defined, but later reverted this to a module-less build for the sake of simplicity.
It now looks like it's time to re-address this, as we have an actual need for modules to:
- provide a trimmed down "client" library that applications can make use of
- more cleanly support building against different versions of Hadoop, in place of some of the reflection machinations currently required
- incorporate the secure RPC engine that depends on some secure Hadoop classes
I propose we start simply by refactoring into two initial modules:
- core - common classes and utilities, and client-side code and interfaces
- server - master and region server implementations and supporting code
This would also lay the groundwork for incorporating the HBase security features that have been developed. Once the module structure is in place, security-related features could then be incorporated into a third module – "security" – after normal review and approval. The security module could then depend on secure Hadoop, without modifying the dependencies of the rest of the HBase code.


text:
It is demonstrated that palynomorphs can occur in fired ancient potsherds when the firing temperature was under 350°C. Pollen and phytoliths recovered from incompletely fired and fully fired potsherds (ca. 2700 yrs BP) from the Yanghai Tombs, Turpan, Xinjiang, NW China can be used as potential indicators for reconstructing past vegetation and corresponding climate in the area.
The results show a higher rate of recovery of pollen and phytoliths from incompletely fired potsherds than from fully fired ones. Charred phytoliths recovered from both fully fired and incompletely fired potsherds prove that degree and condition of firing result in a permanent change in phytolith color.
The palynological data, together with previous data of macrobotanical remains from the Yanghai Tombs, suggest that temperate vegetation and arid climatic conditions dominated in the area ca. 2700 yrs BP.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Okinawa Prefecture anticipates 30% lower mango production in 2012
July 1, 2012 Ryukyu Shimpo
On June 29, the Prefectural Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Department Horticulture Center announced that the 2012 mango production forecast anticipates a figure of 1036 tons, a 33.8% decline from the previous year and the lowest level of shipment in the ten years since 2003.
The Horticulture Center explains that the 40 to 60% reduction in mangoes is because of last year's typhoons, the high temperatures in October and November, and the reduced levels of sunlight from November to February. The low temperatures during the period of bloom in March and April and the slow pollination of flowers by insects also caused crop failure in some areas.
The forecast production levels by district are 310 tons, a 20.7% decline, in the northern region, 57 tons, a 38.7% decline, in the central region, 289 tons, a 37.0% decline, in the southern region, 274 tons, a 47.3% decline in the Miyako region, and 106 tons, a 2.9% increase in the Yaeyama region.
As a countermeasure, farmers were instructed to increase the fruit-setting from one fruit per branch to two or three fruits per branch. Also, a greenhouse facility check-up for typhoons and drainage maintenance will be conducted.
(English translation by T&CT, Megumi Chibana and Mark Ealey)
Previous Article:TransAsia Airways launches regular charter flights between Naha and Taipei
Next Article:Okinawa Governor tells Defense Minister: "If the governments bulldoze their way to deploy the Osprey, all U.S. bases will be closed immediately."
- Sugar production season kicks off in Okinawa
- Processing of sugarcane starts – lowest output since Okinawa's reversion
- Pumpkin production revives
- Almost half of the driftage in Okinawa washes ashore on Miyako Islands
- TAKI Farm to produce large volumes of Ryukyu Wood Ear (Auricularia auricula-judae) edible fungus in Nishihara

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
What is advocacy, communication and social mobilization?
Advocacy: Advocacy for TB is to be understood as a broad set of coordinated interventions, designed to place TB high on the political and development agenda, foster political will, increase and sustain financial and other resources.
Communication: Within countries, and in the context of TB control, communication primarily seeks to create and improve knowledge among the general public about TB (e.g. its symptoms and curability), TB control services (e.g. diagnosis and treatment) and improve interpersonal communication between patients and program providers contributing to behavioral change or to meet a particular behavioral goal.
Social Mobilization: In the national and sub-national contexts, social mobilization is a process of generating public will by actively securing broad consensus and social commitment within civil society to fight stigma and eliminate TB as a public health threat. That is, social mobilization seeks to convert knowledge into demonstrable action.


I have noticed that a cat and dog share the same radical, which is 犭dog (quǎn).
So, if we break the words down:
猫 cat (māo) = 犭dog (quǎn) + 艹 cǎo (grass) + 田 tián (field)
狗 dog (gǒu) = 犭dog (quǎn) + 勹 bāo (wrap) + 口 kǒu (mouth)
I have two questions:
1) Why a dog radical has the dog in it with other components?
2) Why a cat has the dog radical it in?
These words are not difficult to remember. For a cat, I use'meow', which is somehow similar to māo. For a dog, I stick to 'Go, go, dog!', which sounds a bit like gǒu.
However, I am curious about the origin of these words.
 - 1. Both 狗 and 貓 are 形聲字. 2. Nobody says 犭 can only be used for Canidae. – user3a Jan 15 '17 at 12:10
The radical in 猫 actually comes from 豸 zhi4 (beast), which you can still see in the traditional character 貓.
Whereas the radical in 狗 is in fact 犭 quan3.
The simplified version of 猫 got the 犭 quan3 radical because of trait reduction and semantic affinity (dog -> beast).
If it sounds easier to you, you can think of 犭 quan3 in simplified Chinese as generically referring to an animal, as in 狼 (wolf), 狮 (lion), 猴 (monkey), 狐 (fox) and words relating to animals as 猎 (hunt).
As for your other question:
The dog radical 犭 comes from 犬 which is a pictogram, still used in some words today, especially dog breeds. No radicals other than the image itself. Here you can see an evolution of the picture. (Source: Wenlin, and possibly 说文解字).
enter image description here
If you are talking about the modern character 狗 gou3, it comes from the semantic/radical 犭 quan3 plus the phonetic part 句 ju4. It was probably a colloquial or popular name for "dog" which has made it into the standard language, whereas 犬 keeps a more classical and scientific flavor.
 - 1
 Thank you very much for the detailed explanation. The picture is very interesting. You have made my day. I am very happy that I have learned something new today. – Luzing Jan 15 '17 at 12:49
 - The phonetic part 句 has another pronunciation gou3, exactly the same as 狗 – jf328 Jan 17 '17 at 12:07
 - I cannot find reference of the gou3 pronunciation. It appears to have gou1, (and some sources list also gou4) probably as a variant of 勾. Do you have any links? – blackgreen Jan 17 '17 at 12:24
 - _USER_ _URL_.htm – Graham Ou Apr 7 '17 at 15:54
Your Answer


Radicore Forum - RDF feed _URL_ output2 with parent/child tables _URL_
I have a question concerning the pdf output2 pattern with parent-/child tables.
I want to show the child occurences of the parent record in the same way as you created the pdf invoice example. My child records would be the items in the invoice example. Is this allright?
I want to create a subclass of the parent class where I can get all the necessary data by the _cm_output_multi() function.
Is this the right way or is there a better one?]]>
htManager 2014-10-02T10:11:17-00:00
Re: output2 with parent/child tables _URL_ AJM 2014-10-05T09:13:57-00:00 Re: output2 with parent/child tables _URL_
In the $structure[title] section I can define different fields one after another in one line. Is it possible to show the fields 'floating'. I don't know how to express this correctly. What I mean is, that I have to define the width of each field. But if I have defined a width of 20 and I have only three characters there is much space between this and the next word.
The second question I have is the following: Can I group the list view by a column in the same manner as the list view with totals? For your understanding what I mean: I have a team with members. Each member is categorized by a certain position(as 'Star sign' in your example). I want to create a list where all members of a position are grouped under his/her position. I hope you can imagine what I want.
]]>
htManager 2014-10-13T15:37:31-00:00
Re: output2 with parent/child tables _URL_
(2) The output of data in any PDF report is mainly controlled by the SQL query which you use to extract data from the database. The PDF processing will simply take each record that is produced from that query and process it before moving on to the next record. Any sorting or grouping must therefore be done in the SQL query *BEFORE* you send that data to the PDF object.
The documentation at _URL_ clearly identifies the various options which are available, so if you want something which is not in this document then it's probably not available.
]]>
AJM 2014-10-14T10:00:19-00:00
Re: output2 with parent/child tables _URL_ htManager 2014-10-14T12:55:22-00:00 Re: output2 with parent/child tables _URL_
(1) I looked at your example in option_list(a).php and changed my $sql_select statement as discribed below:
$sql_select = 'CONCAT(vereine_kuerzel, \' \', mannschaften_id) AS mannschaft_name';
In the report I changed the entry in:
$structure['title'][] = array('text' => '%%mannschaft_name', 'width' => 15, 'align' => 'left', 'x' => 25, 'y' => 0);
But there is no output. What did I wrong?
(2) Can I get a field value of the parent table within the above sql_select statement? I want to show a logo image file in the child report title. But the file name is stored in the parent table. I think that this should work with outer/inner join in a way as you showed in option_list(a).php. Did you somewhere describe this problems in one of your documentation? Or can you tell me what SQL-expression I should looking for to get information how to handle it?
Once more, thanks for your patience!
]]>
htManager 2014-10-14T15:48:00-00:00
Re: output2 with parent/child tables _URL_
$structure['title'][] = array('text' => '- Contents of X_PERSON table -',
to
$structure['title'][] = array('text' => '%%last_name',
and it worked perfectly.
I suggest you step through with your debugger to see what is going wrong in your code.
When reading from a database table it is possible in the SQL query to JOIN to other tables to obtain other values, then that data can be handled in the code as if it came from the first table. All you have to do is construct a valid query.]]>
AJM 2014-10-14T22:03:04-00:00
Re: output2 with parent/child tables _URL_
To construct a valid sql query is obviously too difficult for me. But I get the value by the _cm_getExtraData in the parent class and I store this value in the $_SESSION variable.
I am happy now - til the next problem rises up.]]>
htManager 2014-10-15T15:16:40-00:00


Sunday, January 24, 2021
Island Checklist - Flora
As with fauna, flora is also part of mother nature and cannot be criticised.
Again, this is to advise clients to inspect the island carefully to see whether they can live with what is there and to study what grows on the island.
In certain areas, there are poisonous plants. Some plants can cause allergic reactions. There are coconut trees on many tropical islands. There is also a danger that a coconut could fall on your head if the trees are not maintained. If noone is maintaining the island, it would be wise to consider this safety point very carefully.
Studying flora closely also gives you an idea of what kind of ground water is on the island. Experts can read how much ground water available from the vegetation. The vegetation also signifies whether the island is self-sufficient or not.
In summary: studying the island's flora is a worthwhile and useful point on the checklist.


text:
Neiker-Tecnalia estimates the growth of vines using an innovative system that measures their infrared radiation emission
The Basque Institute of Agricultural Research and Development Neiker Tecnalia has tested the effectiveness of an innovative system to estimate vegetative growth in vines by measuring the infrared radiation emission of the plants. The method is known as the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVT) and estimates the vegetative growth of plants by measuring the solar radiation that plants reflect in the red and near-infrared band of the electromagnetic spectrum.
In order to provide farmers and anyone else involved in managing agricultural ecosystems with a tool enabling them to assess the impact of their farming practices on the health of their crops and soils, the Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development NEIKER-Tecnalia has created its new TSEAs or 'Agricultural Ecosystem Health Cards'. These handbooks are an improved version of the cards created in the 1980s by the United States Department of Agriculture. The R&D centre is holding various meetings to make these handbooks known to various groups (growers, technicians, scientists and the administration) linked to the agricultural sector and who will receive them free of charge.


_USER_{10272/11831, year = {1996}, url = {_URL_ abstract = {The rugged karst terrain that is developed on the dolostones of the Miocene Cayman Formation on Grand Cayman includes numerous large cavities that formed through the activity of tree roots. The surfaces of those cavities are coated with laminated calcrete crusts that are up to 8 cm thick. These calcrete crusts, which are formed of calcite, dolomite, and locally manganese precipitates, formed though the action of the plant roots and their associated microbes. As such, they are excellent examples of non-horizontal calcrete crusts that developed in the shallow subsurface rather that on the subaerially exposed surface}, publisher = {Sociedad Geológica de España}, keywords = {Calcretes}, keywords = {Roots}, keywords = {Cavities}, keywords = {Microorganisms}, keywords = {Spores}, keywords = {Rootcretes}, title = {Desarrollo de calcretas en cavidades cársticas y/o de raíces: Las calcretas Cuaternarias de la Isla Gran Cayman}, title = {Calcrete development ¡n root/karstíc cavities: Quaternary calcretes from Grand Cayman Island}, author = {Alonso Zarza, Ana María and Jones, B.}, }


-example folder. Connect the motes and program them with rest-server-example.
make TARGET=sky rest-server-example.upload
2. Disconnect the motes and load one other mote with the RPL border router to connect to the rest-server.
cd ../ipv6/rpl-border-router
make TARGET=sky border-router.upload
3. Connect the REST-server to the border router using tunslip6.
make connect-router
4. Open new terminal window for each mote and execute the following command and reset the motes. The IP addresses of these motes get printed after the motes are reset.
make login TARGET=sky MOTE=2 #Shows the prints for first mote
make login TARGET=sky MOTE=3 #For second mote and so on.
5. Ping the motes using the IP addresses we get from step 4. As highlighted below
ping6 <IPv6 Address of the MOTE>
IPaddrmote.PNG
6. If WITH_COAP = 0 i.e. HTTP Server, use the HTTP Client to connect to the REST server. When WITH_COAP = 1. i.e. COAP Server, load the coap-client-example.c to the motes and connect to the REST server (same as COOJA Example).
General Issues You Might Face
1. To use curl as the HTTP client you need to install curl by running the following command in the terminal:
sudo apt-get install curl
2. The memory on the Tmote sky is not big enough to fit in the HTTP example on REST server. Thus while running it on real motes we get the error "region text is full". To overcome this problem, instead of RPL to decide the route, we can use static routes. We can also reduce the size by changing the Makefile of the border router by setting the WITH_WEBSERVER = 0.
3. Generally the COAP Client is used instead of HTTP client for running over REST Server.
References
1. REST-Example Github page: _URL_
2. A Low-Power CoAP for Contiki - Matthias Kovatsch, Simon Duquennoy, Adam Dunkels
Back to Contiki Tutorials


text:
Art enthusiasts in Louisiana are learning about the history of the African diaspora as seen through the art of Professor Imna Arroyo. "Ancestral Memories: The Work of Imna Arroyo" opened on May 14 at the Paul and Lulu Hilliard Art Museum at the University of Louisiana in Lafayette and ran through July 9. This exhibition gives visual voice to the untold millions of Africans who died during the Atlantic crossing between Africa and the American colonies. As scholars report, millions of people were kidnapped and loaded onto slave ships.
Ancestral Passage is composed of 27 terracotta ceramic figures in a sea of acrylic canvass. The figures represent African ancestors who died during the journey and are coming back to tell observers to remember African gifts. A six-minute DVD, titled "Trail of Bones," tells this poignant story and accompanied the exhibition.


text:
Copyright © 2010 A. Casado et al. This is an open access article distributed under the
Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
We apply the Wigner function formalism to partial Bell-state analysis using polarization entanglement produced in parametric down conversion. Two-photon statistics at a beam-splitter are reproduced by a wave-like description with zeropoint fluctuations of the electromagnetic field. In particular, the fermionic behaviour of two photons in the singlet state is explained from the invariance on the correlation properties of two light beams going through a balanced beam-splitter. Moreover, we show that a Bell-state measurement introduces some fundamental noise at the idle channels of the analyzers. As a consequence, the consideration of more independent sets of vacuum modes entering the crystal appears as a need for a complete Bell-state analysis.


text:
The Space Production Calculator was designed by the Flight Propulsion Laboratory Department of the General Electric Company. The manufacturer and year of production are unknown. The calculator is 7.125 inches in diameter and consists of three plastic disks. It is described as a valuable engineering tool for swiftly computing a number of engineering characteristics of propulsion systems for space vehicles.
Note the reference to chemical rockets, nuclear rockets, plasma jets, and ion and magnetronhydrodynamic propulsion.
The window shows the hours in a day, days in year, distance from Sun, Mass as multiples of Earth's mass and radius in 100s of miles.
The wallet, with instructions and diagram inside, is 7.125 inches square.
The calculator was perhaps given to GE's own engineers and those at client and associated companies. The number distributed is unknown but it is very rare.
For more posts about Space Age calculators click on the Space Age Calculators category on the right.


text:
Prosper's new API has key improvements and benefits for Prosper's lenders. Key improvements and benefits for lenders through the new API:
- Expanded access to credit profile data points. The new API offers more than 475 credit bureau variables and more than 550 data points in total.
- Easy access to Notes, with a more comprehensive breakdown of principal, interest and other fees.
- Details down to the individual Note level, including specifics about payments and reason for default.
- Improved filtering and querying that make it easier to use specific criteria to search for Notes. For example, only C rated Notes less than $10,000.
- For lenders that want to build their own tools, they now have access to the data through a RESTful interface.
- The RESTful interface of the API supports OData filter query operations.
- Unique login credentials for API users restricted to reviewing and investing funds only. This means no access to bank information or account settings so you can keep your API tools separate from your Prosper account.
How to access the API:
If you are a lender with Prosper, and are interested in learning more about the API please visit the Api Documentation Page. Obtain access through your account settings right now.


Abstract TMP86: Folic Acid Therapy Prevents Stroke in Countries Without Mandatory Folic Acid Food Fortification
 loading Checking for direct PDF access through Ovid
Abstract
Background: Additional folic acid treatment appears to have a neutral effect on reducing vascular risk in countries that mandate fortification of food with folic acid (e.g. US and Canada). However, it is uncertain whether folic acid therapy reduces stroke risk in countries without folic acid food fortification.
Objective: To comprehensively evaluate the efficacy of folic acid therapy on stroke prevention in countries without folic acid food fortification.
Methods: Pubmed, EMBASE, and Clinicaltrials.gov from January 1966 to August 2015 were searched to identify relevant studies. Relative risk (RR) with 95% CI was used as a measure of the association between folic acid supplementation and risk of stroke, after pooling data across trials in a random-effects model.
Results: The search identified 14 randomized controlled trials involving treatment with folic acid that had enrolled 71,334 participants, all of which stroke was reported as an outcome measure. Across all trials, folic acid therapy vs. control was associated with a lower risk of stroke (RR=0.84; 95% CI, 0.76-0.93; P=0.0007) and there was no heterogeneity among include trials (P for heterogeneity =0.27, I2=17%) (Figure). The RR of stroke in primary prevention trials was 0.81 (12 trials, 95% CI, 0.72-0.91; P=0.0006). Among 3 trials, which distinguished ischemic from hemorrhagic stroke as endpoints, folic acid therapy reduced risk of ischemic stroke (RR=0.77; 95% CI 0.67-0.90, P=0.0006), but had a neutral effect on hemorrhagic stroke (RR=0.92, 95% CI 0.66-1.28, P=0.61).
Conclusion: Among people living in countries without mandatory folic acid food fortification, folic acid therapy reduces the occurrence of a stroke.
Related Topics
 loading Loading Related Articles


text:
Definition of recompense :
1. An equivalent returned for anything done, suffered, or given; compensation; requital; suitable return.
2. To give in return; to pay back; to pay, as something earned or deserved.
3. To give recompense; to make amends or requital.
4. To render an equivalent to, for service, loss, etc.; to requite; to remunerate; to compensate.
5. To return an equivalent for; to give compensation for; to atone for; to pay for.
pay off, gratuity, premium, allowance, recoupment, honorarium, contribution, furbish up, mend, fix, pay, fee, reparation, resort, consideration, stipend, spend, indemnify, bushel, reward, finance, renovate, even off, invest in, down payment, reprisal, doctor, remediate, settlement, quittance, wages, damages, counterbalance, overcompensate, make up, remuneration, advance, repair, requital, satisfaction, fund, restore, payback, recreate, touch on, animate, indemnification, indemnity, reanimate, repay, quicken, disburse, revive, deposit, requite, restitution, vivify, salary, payment, even out, compensation, bear the cost/expense etc., amend, hire, earnings, repayment, remittance, pay out, revivify, put up, right, cover, even up
atone (part of speech: verb)
recompense (part of speech: verb)


1. WeatherSpark.com
 2. Canada
 3. British Columbia
 4. Langley
 5. October
Average Weather in October in Langley Canada
In Langley, the month of October is characterized by rapidly falling daily high temperatures, with daily highs decreasing by 10°F, from 64°F to 53°F over the course of the month, and rarely exceeding 71°F or dropping below 48°F.
Daily low temperatures decrease by 5°F, from 48°F to 42°F, rarely falling below 34°F or exceeding 55°F.
For reference, on August 3, the hottest day of the year, temperatures in Langley typically range from 56°F to 75°F, while on January 2, the coldest day of the year, they range from 33°F to 42°F.
Average High and Low Temperature in October
The daily average high (red line) and low (blue line) temperature, with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands. The thin dotted lines are the corresponding average perceived temperatures.
The figure below shows you a compact characterization of the hourly average temperatures for the quarter of the year centered on October. The horizontal axis is the day, the vertical axis is the hour of the day, and the color is the average temperature for that hour and day.
Average Hourly Temperature in October
Average Hourly Temperature in October in Langley18152229112233445566778899101011111212131314141515161617171818191920202121222223232424252526262727282829293030313112 AM4 AM8 AM12 PM4 PM8 PM12 AMSepNovvery coldcoldcoolcomfortable
The average hourly temperature, color coded into bands: frigid < 15°F < freezing < 32°F < very cold < 45°F < cold < 55°F < cool < 65°F < comfortable < 75°F < warm < 85°F < hot < 95°F < sweltering. The shaded overlays indicate night and civil twilight.
Clouds
The month of October in Langley experiences very rapidly increasing cloud cover, with the percentage of time that the sky is overcast or mostly cloudy increasing from 50% to 67%.
The clearest day of the month is October 1, with clear, mostly clear, or partly cloudy conditions 50% of the time.
For reference, on January 14, the cloudiest day of the year, the chance of overcast or mostly cloudy conditions is 73%, while on August 3, the clearest day of the year, the chance of clear, mostly clear, or partly cloudy skies is 72%.
Cloud Cover Categories in October
Cloud Cover Categories in October in Langley1815222911223344556677889910101111121213131414151516161717181819192020212122222323242425252626272728282929303031310%100%10%90%20%80%30%70%40%60%50%50%60%40%70%30%80%20%90%10%100%0%SepNovOct 150%Oct 150%Oct 3133%Oct 3133%Oct 1144%Oct 1144%Oct 2138%Oct 2138%clearmostly clearovercastpartly cloudymostly cloudy
The percentage of time spent in each cloud cover band, categorized by the percentage of the sky covered by clouds: clear < 20% < mostly clear < 40% < partly cloudy < 60% < mostly cloudy < 80% < overcast.
Precipitation
A wet day is one with at least 0.04 inches of liquid or liquid-equivalent precipitation. In Langley, the chance of a wet day over the course of October is very rapidly increasing, starting the month at 30% and ending it at 54%.
For reference, the year's highest daily chance of a wet day is 60% on November 18, and its lowest chance is 11% on August 5.
Probability of Precipitation in October
The percentage of days in which various types of precipitation are observed, excluding trace quantities: rain alone, snow alone, and mixed (both rain and snow fell in the same day).
Rainfall
To show variation within the month and not just the monthly total, we show the rainfall accumulated over a sliding 31-day period centered around each day.
The average sliding 31-day rainfall during October in Langley is very rapidly increasing, starting the month at 3.6 inches, when it rarely exceeds 6.6 inches or falls below 0.7 inches, and ending the month at 7.5 inches, when it rarely exceeds 12.0 inches or falls below 3.6 inches.
Average Monthly Rainfall in October
The average rainfall (solid line) accumulated over the course of a sliding 31-day period centered on the day in question, with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands. The thin dotted line is the corresponding average liquid-equivalent snowfall.
Sun
Over the course of October in Langley, the length of the day is rapidly decreasing. From the start to the end of the month, the length of the day decreases by 1 hour, 44 minutes, implying an average daily decrease of 3 minutes, 29 seconds, and weekly decrease of 24 minutes, 20 seconds.
The shortest day of the month is October 31, with 9 hours, 53 minutes of daylight and the longest day is October 1, with 11 hours, 38 minutes of daylight.
Hours of Daylight and Twilight in October
The number of hours during which the Sun is visible (black line). From bottom (most yellow) to top (most gray), the color bands indicate: full daylight, twilight (civil, nautical, and astronomical), and full night.
The earliest sunrise of the month in Langley is 7:10 AM on October 1 and the latest sunrise is 46 minutes later at 7:57 AM on October 31.
The latest sunset is 6:48 PM on October 1 and the earliest sunset is 58 minutes earlier at 5:50 PM on October 31.
Daylight saving time is observed in Langley during 2017, but it neither starts nor ends during October, so the entire month is in daylight saving time.
For reference, on June 21, the longest day of the year, the Sun rises at 5:05 AM and sets 16 hours, 13 minutes later, at 9:19 PM, while on December 21, the shortest day of the year, it rises at 8:02 AM and sets 8 hours, 13 minutes later, at 4:15 PM.
Sunrise & Sunset with Twilight and Daylight Saving Time in October
The solar day over the course of October. From bottom to top, the black lines are the previous solar midnight, sunrise, solar noon, sunset, and the next solar midnight. The day, twilights (civil, nautical, and astronomical), and night are indicated by the color bands from yellow to gray.
Humidity
We base the humidity comfort level on the dew point, as it determines whether perspiration will evaporate from the skin, thereby cooling the body. Lower dew points feel drier and higher dew points feel more humid. Unlike temperature, which typically varies significantly between night and day, dew point tends to change more slowly, so while the temperature may drop at night, a muggy day is typically followed by a muggy night.
The chance that a given day will be muggy in Langley is essentially constant during October, remaining around 0% throughout.
For reference, on August 5, the muggiest day of the year, there are muggy conditions 1% of the time, while on January 1, the least muggy day of the year, there are muggy conditions 0% of the time.
Humidity Comfort Levels in October
The percentage of time spent at various humidity comfort levels, categorized by dew point: dry < 55°F < comfortable < 60°F < humid < 65°F < muggy < 70°F < oppressive < 75°F < miserable.
Wind
This section discusses the wide-area hourly average wind vector (speed and direction) at 10 meters above the ground. The wind experienced at any given location is highly dependent on local topography and other factors, and instantaneous wind speed and direction vary more widely than hourly averages.
The average hourly wind speed in Langley is increasing during October, increasing from 3.7 miles per hour to 4.8 miles per hour over the course of the month.
For reference, on December 5, the windiest day of the year, the daily average wind speed is 5.9 miles per hour, while on August 9, the calmest day of the year, the daily average wind speed is 2.8 miles per hour.
Average Wind Speed in October
The average of mean hourly wind speeds (dark gray line), with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands.
The wind direction in Langley during October is predominantly out of the south from October 1 to October 30 and the east from October 30 to October 31.
Wind Direction in October
Wind Direction in October in LangleySE1815222911223344556677889910101111121213131414151516161717181819192020212122222323242425252626272728282929303031310%100%10%90%20%80%30%70%40%60%50%50%60%40%70%30%80%20%90%10%100%0%SepNoveastwestsouthnorth
The percentage of hours in which the mean wind direction is from each of the four cardinal wind directions (north, east, south, and west), excluding hours in which the mean wind speed is less than 1 mph. The lightly tinted areas at the boundaries are the percentage of hours spent in the implied intermediate directions (northeast, southeast, southwest, and northwest).
Water Temperature
Langley is located near a large body of water (e.g., ocean, sea, or large lake). This section reports on the wide-area average surface temperature of that water.
The average surface water temperature in Langley is decreasing during October, falling by 4°F, from 54°F to 50°F, over the course of the month.
Average Water Temperature in October
The daily average water temperature (purple line), with 25th to 75th and 10th to 90th percentile bands.
Solar Energy
This section discusses the total daily incident shortwave solar energy reaching the surface of the ground over a wide area, taking full account


text:
A friction burn is a form of abrasion caused by the friction of skin rubbing against a surface. A friction burn may also be referred to as skinning, chafing, or by the surface causing the burn such as rope burn, carpet burn or rug burn. As friction also generates heat, extreme cases of chafing may result in genuine burning of the outer layers of skin.
The dermal papillae may be exposed after top layers of the dermis (stratum corneum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum and stratum basale) have been removed. This is often uncomfortable and even painful, but rarely results in bleeding.
A person's own skin (or the skin of another person) may be sufficient to act as an abrasive surface to cause friction burn. More commonly, friction with abrasive surfaces, including clothing, carpet, or rope, can lead to a friction burn. Common places at which skin-to-skin chafing can occur are between the thighs and under the armpits. Friction burns are very common with clothing such as trousers on the knees caused by playing sport or sliding on wooden surfaces
A risk of friction burns is infection.
One of the underlying factors behind abdominal chafing (inguinal friction) may be obesity, and weight loss may be indicated as a preventive measure.


text:
Date: Feb 5, 2013 2:57 AM
Subject: Re: Matheology � 203
In article ,
fom wrote:
> On 2/4/2013 6:00 PM, fom wrote:
> > On 2/4/2013 5:14 PM, Virgil wrote:
> >> In article ,
> >> fom wrote:
> >>> From the beginning (I showed up when Zuhair was asking questions)
> >>> I have not understood terminology. A CIBT is the Cantor space.
> >>> It is a topological construct and the C refers to topological
> >>> completeness.
> >> In my disputes with WM, a "CIBT" or "COMPLETE INFINITE BINARY TREE"
> >> is a countably infinite set of nodes, with a unique root node and such
> >> that every node has two child nodes, a "left child" and a "right child",
> >> and every node but the root node has one parent node for which it is
> >> either a left child or a right child.
> >> One can model it with its nodes being positive naturals:
> >> 1
> >> / \
> >> / \
> >> 2 3
> >> / \ / \
> >> 4 5 6 7
> >> / \ / \ / \ / \
> >> So that the left child of any node n is 2*n and its right child is
> >> 2*n+1, and the parent of any node n except 1 is floor(n/2).
> > Yes. I gathered that and it is nice to see it
> > framed classically.
> > Would not infinite binary tree suffice? What
> > confused me initially was the inclusion of the
> > modifier "complete".
> I suppose not. In discrete presentations, the
> length of a tree is probably described relative
> to the length at the terminal node of the longest
> branch (usually with a +1 somewhere). Consequently,
> complete here means that every node has a branch
> for every symbol of the alphabet -- in this case 2.
A path in a binary tree is any maximal chain of parent-child linked
nodes in a binary tree, and such a tree is complete if all paths are of
equal length. In an infinite binary tree that means each path is a
countably infinite set of nodes.


troy method.
The @PostConstruct, @PreDestroy annotations are included in the javax.annotation package. @Persist, @PersistState and @Focus are part of the org.eclipse.e4.ui.di package.
Eclipse defines additional behavior annotations for commands and for the application life cycle which are covered in the respective chapters.
Behavior annotations imply that the framework needs to provide the specified parameters to the method, i.e., the framework also performs method dependency injection. If you also add the @Inject annotation, the method is called twice, first during the dependency injection phase and later for the behavior annotation. This is typically undesired and therefore an error.
17.4. Use the @PostConstruct method to build the user interface
It is recommended to construct the user interface of a part in a method annotated with the @PostConstruct annotation. It would also be possible to create the user interface in the constructor, but this is not recommended as field and method injection have not been done at this point.
Creating the user interface in an @PostConstruct method requires that @Inject methods are aware that the user interface might not have been created yet.
Why is the @PostConstruct method not called?
The following description is only valid for Eclipse versions before the Eclipse 4.6 (Eclipse Neon) release. As of Eclipse 4.6 the framework uses the Java version of @PostConstruct and the problem described here, cannot happen anymore.
Before Eclipse 4.6, both Java 7 and the Eclipse platform exposed the @PostConstruct annotation. In your Eclipse application you need to tell the framework that the annotation from the Eclipse platform should be used. org.eclipse.core.runtime exports javax.annotation in the correct version. If, for some reasons, you want to avoid a dependency to org.eclipse.core.runtime, you could define a package dependency to the javax.annotation package and set the version to 1.0.0. See Eclipse 4 RCP FAQ for details on this issue.
18. Exercise: Using @PostConstruct
18.1. Implement an @PostConstruct method
Add the following method to your TodoOverviewPart, TodoDetailsPart and PlaygroundPart classes. In case you created constructors for these classes you can remove them.
import javax.annotation.PostConstruct;
import org.eclipse.swt.widgets.Composite;
// more code
@PostConstruct
public void createControls(Composite parent) {
 System.out.println(this.getClass().getSimpleName()
 + " @PostConstruct method called.");
}
18.2. Validate
Run your application and validate that the @PostConstruct method is called.
19.1. Adding menu and toolbar entries
You can add menus and toolbars to your Eclipse application via the application model. These entries can be positioned at various places. You can, for example, add a menu to a window or a part. Each element define, directly or indirectly, one or several links to a class which is responsible for the execution. These classes are responsible for the behavior once the menu or toolbar entry is selected. Such a class is called handler class.
19.2. The usage of commands and handlers
The Eclipse application model allows you to specify commands and handlers.
The usage of the commands and handlers model element is optional. You can use the Direct MenuItem or a Direct ToolItem model elements. These entries define a reference to a class (handler class). An instance of this handler class is created by the framework and its annotated methods are called by the framework if necessary. Menus and toolbars support separators.
A command is a declarative description of an abstract action which can be performed, for example, save, edit or copy.
A command is independent from its implementation details. The Eclipse framework does not provide standard commands, e.g., you have to create all required commands in your application model.
The behavior of a command is defined via a handler. A handler model element points to a class (handler class) via the contributionURI property of the handler. This attribute is displayed as Class URI in the model editor.
Commands are used by the Handled MenuItem and Handled ToolItem model elements.
Prefer the usage of commands over the usage of direct (menu or tool) items. Using commands together with handlers allows you to define different handlers for different scopes (applications or part) and you can define key bindings for the handler's associated commands.
19.3. Behavior annotations and dependency injection for handler classes
In a handler class exactly one method must be annotated with the @Execute annotation. In additional, you can also annotate one method with the @CanExecute annotation. If you annotate more than one method with the same annotation, the framework calls only one of them. The Eclipse runtime uses dependency injection to provide the parameters of the method. The purpose of these annotations are described in the following table.
Table 10. Behavior annotations for handler classes
Annotation Description
@Execute
Marks the method which is responsible for the action of the handler class. The framework executes this method once the related user interface element, e.g., the menu entry, is selected.
@CanExecute
Marks a method to be visited by the Eclipse framework to check if the handler class can be executed. If a handler class returns false in this method, Eclipse disables the corresponding user interface element. For example, the save button is active if the handler class returns true in the @CanExecute method. The default for this method is true, which means, if the handler class can always be executed, it does not need to implement a @CanExecute method.
The following example demonstrates the implementation of a handler class.
package com.vogella.tasks.ui.handlers;
// import statements cut out
// ..
public class ExitHandler {
 @Execute
 public void execute(IWorkbench workbench) {
 workbench.close();
 }
 // NOT REQUIRED IN THIS EXAMPLE
 // just to demonstrates the usage of
 // the annotation
 @CanExecute
 public boolean canExecute() {
 return true;
 }
}
A handler instance does not have its own Eclipse context ( IEclipseContext). It is executed with the Eclipse context of the active model element which has a Eclipse context. In most common cases this is the context of the active part.
All required parameters should be injected into the method annotated with @Execute, as you want the handler class to retrieve its runtime information during execution.
To ensure that you get the expected values from the active context ALWAYS get the required values injected as parameters into your methods annotated with @Execute or @CanExecute.
19.4. Determining the relevant handler for a command
If a command is selected, the runtime determines the relevant handler for the command. The application model allows you to create a handler for the application, a window and a part.
Each command can have only one valid handler for a given scope. The Eclipse framework selects the handler most specific to the model element.
For example, if you have two handlers for the "Copy" command, one for the window and another one for the part then the runtime selects the handlers closest to model element which is currently selected by the user.
19.5. Evaluation of @CanExecute
A method annotated with @CanExecute is called by the framework, if a change in the Eclipse context happens. For example, if you select a new part. If the method returns false, the framework disables any menu and tool items that point to that command.
You can request the re-evaluation of the @CanExecute methods by sending out an event via the event broker.
// evaluate all @CanExecute methods
eventBroker.post(UIEvents.REQUEST_ENABLEMENT_UPDATE_TOPIC, UIEvents.ALL_ELEMENT_ID);
// evaluate a context via a selector
Selector s = (a selector that an MApplicationElement or an ID);
eventBroker.post(UIEvents.REQUEST_ENABLEMENT_UPDATE_TOPIC, s);
//See _URL_ for details
19.6. Mnemonics
The application model allows you to define mnemonics. A mnemonic appears as an underlined letter in the menu when the user presses and holds the ALT key and allows the user to quickly access menu entries by keyboard.
You specify mnemonics by prefixing the letter intended to be the mnemonic with an ampersand (&) in the label definition. For example, if you use the the label &Save, the S will be underlined if the Alt key is pressed.
19.7. Naming schema for command and handler IDs
A good convention is to start IDs with the top level package name of your project and to use only lower case letters.
The IDs of commands and handlers should reflect their relationship. For example, if you implement a command with the com.example.contacts.commands.show ID, you should use com.example.contacts.handler.show as the ID for


Label (Mac OS)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
In Apple's Macintosh operating systems, labels are a type of seven distinct colored and named parameters of metadata that can be attributed to items (files, folders and disks) in the filesystem.[1] Labels were introduced in Macintosh System 7, released in 1991,[2] and they were an improvement of the ability to colorize items in earlier versions of the Finder.[1] Labels remained a feature of the Macintosh operating system through the end of Mac OS 9 in late 2001, but they were omitted from Mac OS X versions 10.0 to 10.2,[3] before being reintroduced in version 10.3 in 2003,[4] though not without criticism.[5] During the short time period when Mac OS X lacked labels, third-party software replicated the feature.[6][7]


text:
How do the Epsom salts crystals grow? Hot water holds more Epsom salts crystals than cold water does. That's because heated water molecules move farther apart, making room for more of the Epsom salts crystals to dissolve. When no more of the crystals can be dissolved, you have a saturated solution. As this solution cools, the water molecules move closer together again.
Cooling the solution rapidly (in Freezer 10 minutes) encourages fast crystal growth, since there is less room for the dissolved salt in the cooler, denser solution. As the solution cools, the magnesium sulfate atoms run into each other and join together in a crystal structure.
Crystals grown this way will be small, thin, and numerous. Left undisturbed, the crystals should last months or more!
* Sometimes it won't work. That's why they are called experiments. If you can't get it to work then add a epsom salt piece in the solution right when you put it in the refrigerator.
* Stir for 2 minutes and put in freezer or refrigerator right after stirring
* Sometimes making the water to hot it will not work. I use very HOT Tap water. You can experiment and microwave the water. Try 45 seconds for one cup
* I see results in 3 hours and even better overnight. But the longer you leave them in the refrigerator the better the results. Try making to batches and leave one for a week.


text:
make home improvements.
- Lower interest rates: Because engineers are considered to be highly skilled professionals with stable incomes, they are often offered lower interest rates on home loans.
- Higher loan amounts: Engineers typically earn higher salaries than people in many other professions, which means they may be able to borrow more money for a home purchase or refinance.
- Easier income verification: Engineers typically have a steady income, making it easier for them to prove their financial stability and secure a mortgage.
- Specialized knowledge: Engineers have a deep understanding of how buildings and homes are constructed, which can be useful when assessing the condition and value of a property.
- Flexibility: Many lenders offer engineer home loans with flexible repayment terms and other features that can be tailored to the borrower's needs.
- Limited availability: Engineer home loans may not be available from all lenders, which can make it more difficult to find a loan that meets your needs.
- Higher down payment requirements: Some lenders may require engineers to make a larger down payment than other borrowers, which can be a challenge for those who are just starting out or who have other financial obligations.
- Specialized requirements: Some engineer home loans may come with specific requirements that must be met, such as having a certain level of education or work experience in the engineering field.
- Potential for overborrowing: Engineers may be tempted to borrow more than they can afford, especially if they are offered higher loan amounts and lower interest rates.
- Limited benefits for non-engineers: If you are not an engineer, you may not be eligible for many of the benefits that come with engineer home loans


Forgot your password?
Seven against Thebes Quiz
Directions: Click on the correct answer.
Questions 1-5 of 25:
What type of violation is used to describe women being treated like treasures? (from Part 1)
Who does Eteocles accuse of bringing down the city's morale? (from Part 2)
What term does Eteocles and the Chorus use to describe the city of Thebes? (from Part 2)
According to the Chorus, what are the Gods a source of? (from Part 2)
Who does Eteocles express his disgust with in Part 2 of the play? (from Part 2)
Follow Us on Facebook
Homework Help
Characters Left: 200


Color vision deficiency
From JSXGraph Wiki
Revision as of 19:11, 23 June 2011 by Michael (talk | contribs)
(diff) ← Older revision | Latest revision (diff) | Newer revision → (diff)
Jump to navigationJump to search
JSXGraph can give a rough impression about how color blind people see your work. It is possible to emulate three types of color vision deficiency: Protanopia, Deuteranopia, and Tritanopia.
Consider this geometric construction from the Euler line example.
Code
// To enable color vision deficiency emulation just use
board.emulateColorblindness(deficieny);
// where deficieny is a string equal to either 'protanopia', 'deuteranopia' or 'tritanopia'. To disable it use
board.emulateColorblindness();
// without any parameters.
References
_URL_
_URL_


Policing and justice report
Hate Crime and Public Order (Northern Ireland) Bill not expected until 2022
Northern Ireland could jump from being a laggard to having the most progressive hate crime laws in the UK, if recommendations from an independent review are accepted in the form of a proposed Hate Crime and Public Order (Northern Ireland) Bill.
However, moves to bring forward the recommendations will likely not take place until late 2022 because of the volume of legislation already being progressed by the Department.
A spokesperson for the Department of Justice confirmed that, following receipt of the recommendations in December 2020, officials in the Department are working to develop a departmental response and set out an implementation plan, expected to be considered by the Justice Minister in early 2021.
The Department has highlighted that a majority of the recommendations relate to legislative changes and will need further consideration. Asked about a proposed timeline for potentially bringing legislation forward to the Assembly, a spokesperson added: "Any legislative changes will need to be scheduled into the Department's legislation programme in due course. Given that the legislative programme for this mandate is already full and, given the need to further develop and scope any legislative changes, this is likely to happen early in the next mandate of the Assembly."
The final report into hate crime legislation in Northern Independent Review was published by the Department of Justice in December 2020 and includes a recommendation that age and gender (rather than misogyny) be covered as protected characteristics.
Adoption of the recommendation would see Northern Ireland align closely with the Scottish model of hate crime law but also become the first of any of the UK jurisdictions to include gender under hate crime legislation.
Justice Minister Naomi Long has asked for time to give the "complex and wide-ranging" recommendations "careful consideration".
The report includes 34 recommendations, including a suggested definition of a hate crime for Northern Ireland, in the absence of a clear and universally accepted definition in law.
Distinguishing between hate speech (criminal expressions of bigotry) and hate crime (the commission of criminal offences with a bias motive (hate crime), Judge Desmond Marrinan, the man tasked with the review by the Department of Justice in June 2019, recommends that: "A hate crime may be defined as a criminal act perpetrated against individuals or communities with protected characteristics based on the perpetrator's hostility, bias, prejudice, bigotry or contempt against the actual or perceived status of the victim or victims."
The backdrop for the review was a commitment from then Justice Minister Claire Sugden MLA to initiate the process in 2017, following calls from numerous corners for hate crime legislation in Northern Ireland to be reviewed on recognition that Northern Ireland reports a hate crime ratio in excess of England and Wales.
An average of eight hate incidents are reported in Northern Ireland every day and in recent years racist hate incidents have outnumbered sectarian hate incidents. Between 2016 and 2018/19, 1,124 racist hate-motivated incidents were recorded compared to 865 sectarian hate motivated incidents for the same period.
In 2018/19, racist hate abuse in Northern Ireland accounted for almost half of all reported occurrences with hate motivation, while sectarian abuse accounted for just over one-third. However, the extent of the problem is emphasised when considering the smaller proportion of the population from a black or multi-ethnic background in Northern Ireland. The review found that there is roughly a one in 31 chance of being a victim of a reported racial hate incident in Northern Ireland compared to an approximately one in 1,777 chance of being a victim of a reported sectarian hate incident.
Currently no specific offence of 'hate crime' exists in Northern Ireland law. Instead, provision for hate crime in Northern Ireland centres exclusively on the enhanced sentencing provisions of the 2004 Order. In 2019, not one single defendant brought before the crown court on allegations of hate crimes received an enhanced sentence above the expected penalty for their crime.
Sixteen years on from the introduction of enhanced sentencing provision for hate crime incidents, Judge Marrinan says: "Nothing I have read or reviewed since the launch of the consultation paper in January 2020 has given me any assurance that this enhanced sentencing law is working any better now or is capable of being reformed."
His recommendation, therefore, is for the Department of Justice to legislate to copy the Scottish model and add statutory aggravations to all existing offences, meaning that any criminal offence could be charged in its aggravated form.
The proposed expansion of categories of protected characteristics by the review would see Northern Ireland join England, Scotland and Wales in including transgender as a protected characteristic and go further to include all crimes with a gender-based motive. Additionally, the review recommends adding age as a protected characteristic, however, it opts not to suggest an elder specific protection. Interestingly, Marrinan suggests leaving the door open in legislation for other protected characteristics to be added to the list if evidence emerges that this is necessary.
— Hate crime definition recommendation
On sectarianism, the report suggests the requirement for a more precise legal meaning for the term and believes that sectarianism "should be specifically defined as an issue that exists between Christian communities in Northern Ireland" at this time, adding the belief that not enough is understood about sectarianism in relation to other communities in Northern Ireland to make the application of sectarianism to those communities meaningful in a legal or social sense. In essence, the report recommends the application of the findings of the report of the working group on defining sectarianism in Scots law in 2018 to Northern Ireland.
In a series of other wide-ranging recommendations, the report also suggests changes to that would have bearing on freedom of expression and the regulation of hate expression in public spaces, where a clear and unambiguous statutory duty on relevant public authorities is recommended to take all reasonable steps to remove hate expression from their own property and, where it engages their functions, broader public space.
Additionally, the review had included in its remit the role of restorative justice in dealing with hate-motivated offending and has established the need for a new statutory scheme for restorative justice for over-18s, similar to the existing Youth Justice Agency in Northern Ireland. This, the report recommends, should be supported by the established of a funded framework and that the scheme remain independent of the Department of Justice.
Addressing online hate crime was also a focus for recommendations. As well as calls for the UK's Online Harms White Paper (2019) to be implemented in full, and for stricter rules on jurisdiction, enhanced access to prosecution guidelines, and an alteration of Northern Ireland's Malicious Communications (Northern Ireland) Order 1988 to change the use of publication to refer to posting or uploaded material.
Article 3 of the Malicious Communications (Northern Ireland) Order 1988 should be amended to explicitly bring within its ambit electronic communications, the report says. The word 'publication' should be amended to refer to 'posting' or 'uploading material online'.
Concluding with a recommendation that all hate crime and hate speech law should be consolidated into a new Hate Crime and Public Order (Northern Ireland) Bill, Judge Marrinan's recommendations also assesses the potential oversight of change. Outlining his belief that the issues "fully justify" a dedicated post, Marrinan recommends an office of a Hate Crime Commissioner for Northern Ireland should be established and suggests the potential for a joint shared post of Hate Crime and Domestic Abuse Commissioner.
"I believe this would work well because the remit for this post relates to specific criminal contexts which are not dissimilar," he adds.
Show More
Back to top button


text: The UK National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) is charged with the duty of providing informed guidance on clinical practice (clinical effectiveness and cost effectiveness) to patients and health professionals. The Appraisal Committee through its process of review of evidence advises NICE on the clinical effectiveness and cost effectiveness of new and existing technologies and their appropriate use within the National Health Service in England and Wales. The appraisal process takes into account both published and unpublished evidence as well as input from professional and patient and carer groups when coming to its decisions. The appraisal of a new technology often has to bridge the gap between the evidence required for licensing purposes and that needed to provide pragmatic advice to practising clinicians. The appraisal of zanamivir (Relenza) is an excellent working example of this difficult and important process.


text:
|49.151 ~ 1094 ~ Apotomis capreana|
Resident. A local and generally uncommon species found in the southern half of Britain and scattered localities in Scotland.
First recorded in 2013 at Derwenlas in the far west of the county. This is only the second record in north Wales.
Wingspan : M & F 17-22mm.
|Flight time & Voltinity
Open woodland, marshy areas and banks of streams.
Spinning. Eggs laid on a foodplant. Larva feeds between tightly spun leaves. Pupates in the larval habitation or spun up on the ground.
Photo by AT, 23rd July 2013, Derwenlas


text:
Coarse-Grained Theory of Biological Charge Transfer with Spatially and Temporally Correlated Noise.
System-environment interactions are essential in determining charge-transfer (CT) rates and mechanisms. We developed a computationally accessible method, suitable to simulate CT in flexible molecules (i.e., DNA) with hundreds of sites, where the system-environment interactions are explicitly treated with numerical noise modeling of time-dependent site energies and couplings. The properties of the noise are tunable, providing us a flexible tool to investigate the detailed effects of correlated thermal fluctuations on CT mechanisms. The noise is parametrizable by molecular simulation and quantum calculation results of specific molecular systems, giving us better molecular resolution in simulating the system-environment interactions than sampling fluctuations from generic spectral density functions. The spatially correlated thermal fluctuations among different sites are naturally built-in in our method but are not readily incorporated using approximate spectral densities. Our method has quantitative accuracy in systems with small redox potential differences (
Liu, C; Beratan, DN; Zhang, P
Volume / Issue
Start / End Page
Electronic International Standard Serial Number (EISSN)
International Standard Serial Number (ISSN)
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)


text:
What does BTA stand for?
BTA stands for Behavioral Targeting Advertising
This definition appears rarely and is found in the following Acronym Finder categories:
- Business, finance, etc.
See other definitions of BTA
We have 165 other meanings of BTA in our Acronym Attic
- Basic Transport Allowance (travel)
- Basic Travelers Allowance
- Bass Tab Archive
- Bata (SIL code, Nigeria)
- Bath Teachers Association
- Bâtiment et Techniques d'Armor (French construction company)
- Bâtiment Technique Artisanal (French construction company)
- Battle Training Assembly
- Be There Aloha
- Be There Always


text:
Style Japonism, Chinoiserie / Ref.11364
Shelves cabinet of Far Eastern inspiration, decorated with floral vases in mother-of-pearl and ivory
Width: 41'' ⅜ 105cm
Height: 67'' ⅜ 171cm
Depth: 16'' ⅞ 43cm
France, 19th century
This presentation cabinet is a good example of the Far Eastern inspired creations of the late 19th century. It has many shelves, open and closed niches decorated with vases, flowers and butterflies inlaid with mother-of-pearl and ivory. Engraved and carved, it is also surmounted by a threatening dragon rising from a pagoda.
Mother-of-pearl incrustations from Tonkin are quite common in so-called "japanese" style furniture and are witnesses of a practice very common in the 19th century: the re-use. These inlaid panels were made in the Far East to adorn furniture. Imported in France, these panels were used by Parisian cabinetmakers at the turn of the century to decorate their own creations.
The asymmetry of this piece of furniture is one of the hallmarks of chinese and japanese furniture in the late 19th century. This piece of Far Eastern inspiration is thus quite representative of the period known as "Japonisme", which expands in Europe in the second half of the 19th century, especially under the impulse of the World's Fairs .
Recommended for you :


text:
- Incubation: 18-20 days
- Clutch Size: 4 eggs
- Young Fledge: 16-21 days after hatching
- Typical Foods: insects, aquatic invertebrates and seeds
Female red phalaropes are stunning -- they are a rich chestnut color with a dark crown and white face. However, virtually all Ohio birds are in drab non-breeding plumage.
Habitat and Habits
This species prefers the open waters of Lake Erie. It is most typically found along stone jetties and breakwalls in sheltered harbors. The flight call is similar to that of the red-necked phalarope, but generally higher pitched.
Reproduction and Care of the Young
Breeding takes place in Alaska and northern Canada. Nests are hollows in the ground of marshy tundra. The male raises the young.


text:
DRILL-WELL™ D210 Fluid Loss Additive (FLA) is a low cost polymeric fluid loss additive designed for reducing high temperature high pressure (HTHP) fluid loss in diesel, mineral and synthetic oil-based drilling fluids. DRILL-WELL™ D210 FLA is a white free flowing powder which is compatible with other commonly used materials in non-aqueous fluids.
- Mixes easily
- Reduces HTHP fluid loss
- Improves rheological properties
- More cost effective than most polymeric fluid loss additives
- May be used in conjunction with other fluid loss additives such as amine treated lignite and Gilsonite®1
- Compatible with other commonly used materials in non-aqueous fluids
- Temperature stable up to ±149 °C (300 °F) with results depending on fluid conditions. Pilot testing is recommended.
DRILL-WELL™ D210 FLA is usually added in 1-4 ppb for HTHP control and may be mixed at the rig site or at the mud plant. The use of this additive can improve rheological properties such that other additives specifically used to prevent barite sag are reduced or eliminated all-together. If other rheological additives are to be added it is suggested that the fluid be pilot tested first for any compatibility issues that may arise.


text:
The poet choice of words (diction).
In the beginning of "Hunting Snake" Judith Wright it gives you the feeling of a perfection with the "sun-warmed "during the "late season's grace" and "autumn's gentlest sky". "Sun-warmed" gives you a cozy feeling. "Late season's grace", the word "grace" can normally be connected to the word beauty. Lastly "autumn's gentlest sky", the season "autumn" usually gives you the impression of a quiet and calm place, "gentlest" makes you feel relax which also adds on to the calmness of autumn. The poet then froze the perfect image as the "snake went reeling by". The poet describe it as a "great black snake", the words "great" gives you the feeling of something powerful, while "black" is a color that sometimes can be associated with darkness and give you the idea of and evil creature. This was what the image that the poet was trying to show the reader at first. Although the poet then tells how the sun shined at "his curve of diamond scale", diamond is something that is precious and rare at the same time, this description of the scale of the snakes skin makes you wonder if the poet is trying to look at the beauty of the snake despite the impression that the snake was giving. However, the snake, almost as if it wanted to prove the poet wrong, attack it's "small food" with a "fierce intent". The "small food" show us size of the snake as it's pert is consider small and it's "fierce intent" shows its wildness as "fierce" can be also link to being wild. "Cold, dark, splendid he was gone", the word "cold "can be related to the feeling of bitterness, "dark" give you a hint of mystery around the snake, "splendid " a words closely linked to wonderful. This was the poet's last thought of the snake as it vanished.


text:
The C.H. Nash Museum at Chucalissa, operated by the University of Memphis, is on the grounds of a Mississippian Culture Mound Complex. Exhibits cover Native Americans from prehistory to the present, a hands-on archaeology lab, nature trail and more.
The C.H. Nash Museum at Chucalissa is a prehistoric American Indian archaeological site dating back to the 15th century. The site was occupied, abandoned and reoccupied several times throughout its history, spanning from 1000 to 1550 A.D. The museum, named after its founding director, curates an extensive collection of artifacts recovered during a 40-year period of systematic excavations. The site features a Mississippian mound complex, nature trail and arboretum, hands-on archaeology lab, and exhibits that explore the history and life-ways of Native Americans of the historic and prehistoric southeastern United States.


Learning path
Infrastructure Automation with Ansible Automation Platform
Skill Level
Fundamentals
Duration 6h
Updated Dec 18, 2023
About this learning path
This learning path is designed to take your automation journey to the next level. The goal of this learning path is prepare you to implement your automation in an enterprise environment using the Ansible Automation Platform.
Your instructors
World Wide Technology
Principal Solutions Architect
Prerequisites
 1. Understanding and experience with Ansible Engine
 2. Basic understanding of containers
 3. Experience with version control
What you'll learn
 1. Ansible Automation Platform Architecture
 2. Building, deploying, and consuming Automation Execution Environments
 3. Local Development using Ansible Navigator
 4. Overview of Ansible Automation Hub
 5. Executing Automation in Ansible Automation Platform
 1. 1. Ansible Automation Platform Overview
 1. Enroll in this learning path to view locked content Ansible Automation Platform Overview
 Lab
 Locked
 2. 2. Ansible Execution Environments
 1. Enroll in this learning path to view locked content Ansible Execution Environments
 Lab
 Locked
 3. 3. Introduction to Ansible Navigator
 1. Enroll in this learning path to view locked content Ansible Navigator
 Lab
 Locked
 4. 4. Ansible Automation Hub
 1. Enroll in this learning path to view locked content Ansible Automation Hub
 Lab
 Locked
 5. 5. Implementing Automation in AAP
 1. Enroll in this learning path to view locked content Implementing Automation in AAP
 Lab
 Locked
 6. 6. Conclusion
 1. Enroll in this learning path to view locked content Infrastructure Automation with Ansible Automation Platform Quiz
 Quiz
 Locked
 2. Enroll in this learning path to view locked content Learning Path Complete
 Achievement Badge
 Locked


text:
The City of Jacksonville has applied for Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Public Assistance (PA) funding through the North Carolina Emergency Management (NCEM) as a sub-recipient.
Under the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), federal actions must be reviewed and evaluated for feasible alternatives and for social, economic, historic, environmental, legal, and safety considerations. Under Executive Order (EO) 11988 and EO 11990, FEMA is required to consider alternatives to and to provide a public notice of any proposed actions in or affecting floodplains or wetlands. EO 12898 also requires FEMA to provide the opportunity for public participation in the planning process and to consider potential impacts to minority and low-income populations. This notice may also fulfill requirements under Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA).
Funding for the proposed project will be conditional upon compliance with all applicable federal, tribal, state, and local laws, regulations, floodplain standards, permit requirements and conditions.
Applicant: The City of Jacksonville
Project Title: Ellis Blvd Pump Station - Generator and Pump Controls
Location of Proposed Work:
Date of Construction
Ellis Blvd Pump Station
122 Ellis Boulevard Jacksonville, NC 28540
Special Flood Hazard Area Zone:
This project is for the Ellis Blvd Pump Station located in an AE floodway. Confirmation of location in the floodplain was made by reference to Onslow County Preliminary Flood Insurance Rate Map, Panel 3720438600K, dated 06/30/2016. The proposed work conforms to all applicable State of North Carolina and local floodplain regulations. The proposed work will be done on existing structures and will have no effect on the local floodplain. The proposed work has the potential to be impacted by flooding in the future but is functionally dependent on its location in the floodplain. The proposed work will take place in a Freshwater Forested/Shrub Wetland per the United States Fish and Wildlife Service National Wetlands Inventory but will have little potential to impact or affect wetland values.
Proposed Work and Purpose:
The City of Jacksonville is requesting funds to replace a generator, pumps, motors, chlorination system, and other components at the Ellis Blvd Pump Station. These actions will have mitigation to minimize future damages by elevating the bypass pump, chlorination system/biofilter, and backup generator above the base flood elevation (BFE). The purpose of this project is to replace and better protect equipment that supports the critical action of waste water treatment in the City of Jacksonville.
Alternative #1 (No Action): If no action is taken to protect this public facility, it will impact the function of wastewater treatment in the City of Jacksonville.
Alternative #2: (Relocation) Relocating structures outside of the flood zone was evaluated. This pump station is a piece of a connected system and therefore it is not practicable to move these structures out of the flood zone.
Comments are solicited from the public; local, state or federal agencies, and other interested parties in order to consider and evaluate the impacts of the proposed project. The comments should be made in writing and addressed to:
FEMA Internal 11988 Reviewer
FEMA Region 4
3003 Chamblee-Tucker Road
Atlanta, Georgia, 30341
Alternatively, comments may be emailed to: _EMAIL_. Please send comments with the subject line [DR-4393-NC-01598 11988 COMMENT].
All comments are due by no later than 30 days of the posted date of this notice.
POSTED ON: (June 16, 2020)
End of Notice


text:
Ferhad-bey Vuković-Desisalić built his mosque in 1561/1562.
Later a mahala took shape around it, known as Ferhadija. The mekteb, imaret, drinking fountain and ornamental fountain erected alongside the Ferhadija were burned down in fires in 1879 and 1897.
The Ferhadija mosque reflects the full maturity of the classical Ottoman style-domed mosque, portico with small domes, and beautiful built-on minaret.
Ferhadija Mosque, Sarajevo
Research works on the painted decoration inside the mosque carried out in the 1964/1965 revealed five painted layers dating from various periods.
The oldest and extremely valuable decorations of the first layer date from 16th century (in the dome, on the cornice and pendentives, the base of the corner calottes, the mihrab and the lunettes of the lower row of windows), belonging to the group known as Rumi ornament,m which were also to be seen in the Aladža mosque in Foča.
The next layers (on the calottes, central part of the mihra, and surface of the dome) consists of purely floral decorations with the features of 18th century style.
The third and fourth layers date from the late 19th century (1878), and the first quarter of the 20th.


text:
This article is about monastic cells (living quarters).
The term cell applies to such a living space in a building, usually within a cenobitic monastery, which consists of rooms for each monk or nun, as well as a hermit's primitive solitary living space (possibly a cave, hut in the desert, deep forest, etc.) isolated from monasteries. In a cenobitic setting the building of "cells" also contains communal rooms for eating.
In 2005, the oldest physical example of living quarters for Christian monks was found by renovators who were repairing paintings in a fifteenth-century church at the site of the ancient Monastery of St. Anthony in Egypt, near the Red Sea. The monastery was founded in the mid-fourth century and is located about 100 miles southwest of Cairo, Egypt. These cells date from the fourth and fifth centuries. This archeological find is the first physical evidence that monks lived on the monastery site before the sixth century.


You are here: Home » Law » Sample Test Questions in Politics, Government, and Constitution
Sample Test Questions in Politics, Government, and Constitution
Multiple Choices. Write the letter of answer on the space provided before each number. Do not encircle. Erasures or change of answers are considered wrong in all items of this exam. Encircled letter is likewise wrong.
______ 1) It is the power inherent in the sovereign State to levy or impose charges upon persons, property, occupation, and others, to defray the expenses of the government and to enable it to fully discharge its functions.
 a.) police power b.) taxation c.) constitution d.) power of eminent domain
______ 2) It is the fundamental law of the land.
 a.) civil code b.) constitution c.) penal code d.) statutes
______ 3) It is a term which refers to the registered voter of the State.
a.) citizen b.) electorate c.) resident d.) constituent
______ 4) It is a prelude to the written Constitution.
 a.) national territory b.) preamble c.) state d.) constitutional convention
______ 5) The House of Representatives in the Philippines belongs to what branch of government as stated in Article VI of the 1987 Constitution?
 a.) executive branch b.) legislative branch c.) judicial branch d.) independent branch
______ 6) It refers to the automatic adoption of international law as part of the domestic law of the country.
Liked it
Powered by Powered by Triond


text:
In an article entitled "Hidden in Plain Sight" on the Health Resources & Services Administration (HRSA) site, Dr. Kimberly Chang, who has uncovered multiple cases of childhood sex trafficking in her Bay area health center practice stated, "They are invisible, hidden from us, but sometimes, in plain sight. They can be cooks in our restaurants, people who grow our food; they staff our factories; and they are children on our streets. They are our community and our patients … and yet we don't see them."
Authorities estimate that some 21 million people are victimized worldwide – and between 100,000 and 300,000 children are at risk of being forced into sexual servitude in the U.S alone.
Chang suspects the numbers are much higher. "That's just the tip of the iceberg," she said, noting that most estimates are obtained from criminal justice records that only represent a fraction of offenders.
What is clear is that victims intersect with health care systems everywhere. One study of survivors showed that almost 88 percent had encountered a health care provider during their ordeal.
STAC is training public health professionals throughout the area as part of its mission to build public awareness and inform professionals and community members about the existence of sex and labor trafficking in the Big Bend of Florida.
Join us for a healthcare event in your area!
HUMAN TRAFFICKING: A CALL TO ACTION FOR HEALTH CARE PROFESSIONALS
Register at one of these two locations:


text:
In this article, we explore what the world would look like if the ice caps melted, and the impact on biodiversity, humanity and weather patterns.
In this article, we will explore ten breathtaking European coastal locations that are perfect for diving adventures.
In this article, we explore El Niño and La Niña and what impact they have on climate change and the temperatures of our oceans and seas
You can now add tides and weather to your website. Configure your widget below and copy the embed code to add tide times and weather for Isla Escondida to your site, regardless of what CMS you use.