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Why is it called a sledgehammer?
All the hammers have self-explanatory names - toffee hammer, nail hammer, claw hammer, club hammer - but why is a sledgehammer so called?
Dave, London
** Joint Definitive **
Name: Barry, Battersea
Qualification: Comes from a family of shipbuilders
Answer: I originally come from Jarrow, on the River Tyne and a lot of my family work in shipbuilding. The timber racking that held the boat upright before it reached the river was called a sledge. Inside the timber were big oak wedges, which needed to be knocked out to launch the boat. These were hit with a big hammer, which was then called a sledgehammer.
** Joint Definitive **
Name: Marcus
Answer: When they build big boats, they build them on big sledges that go down into the sea. They are chocced up to make sure they don't slide into the sea and they knock those big chocs out with hammers, which are called sledgehammers.


Sayyidi's Ramadhan Advice from Haram
While in Haram shariff (Makkah e mukarramah) this Ramadhan Sayyidi wa sanadi Hazrat Mawlana Mohammad Taqi Usmani sahib db gave the following advice to a small group of mureedeen.
1. Recognize the importance of time and use it appropriately.
2. In addition to your regular ma'moolat recite سبحان الله و الحمدالله و لا اله الا الله و الله اكبر abundantly.
3. Make dua excessively, especially اللهم جعلنا من لاعتقاء رمضان
4. Give sadaqa (charity) as much as possible.
5. Recite Quran e kareem a lot.
6th Ramadhan 1426


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Employee onboarding: identification of best practices in ACRL libraries
Purpose ‐ The purpose of this paper is to identify best practices of employee onboarding, the process by which a new employee is introduced to an organization and its vision, mission, and values. Design/methodology/approach ‐ Researchers requested that members of the Personnel Administrators and Staff Development Officers Discussion Group of the Association of College and Research Libraries (ACRL) share documents related to employee onboarding and three researchers independently reviewed the documents. The collected documents were compared to the socialization model proposed by Raymond Noe, including the detailed aspects of the organizational phase and the key components identified in the best practices literature. Findings ‐ In total, 17 institutions submitted documentation for review. All institutions discussed at least one or more of the key areas identified in the socialization process. Every institution in the study included a discussion of job expectations and evaluation criteria (100 percent); ten (59 percent) discuss mission, vision, and values; however, topics such as culture (five or 29 percent) and politics (one or 6 percent) were infrequently covered. Onboarding programs varied in length (one week to more than six months). Check lists were the most common tool used to manage the onboarding process. Other notable topics covered include dealing with change, understanding the team-based environment, diversity, library awards and library fundraising. Research limitations/implications ‐ Because of the limited number of documents examined in this study, the research results may lack generalisability. Therefore, researchers are encouraged to test the proposed propositions further. Practical implications ‐ Moving from a traditional new employee orientation model to a best-practices onboarding model will require HR professionals to conduct an internal assessment of the current program. Originality/value ‐ Due to the high cost associated with recruiting new employees, the need for new employees to be fully functional and engaged as soon as possible, and the need to communicate performance indicators, the need to share best practices is important.
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source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Director: Dr. Rupy Sawhney
The laboratory has the ability to create alternative physical simulations of manufacturing and supply chain systems. This allows one to model and analyze the complex interactions among the operational variables and as they impact the system KPI's with an objective of developing Smart Manufacturing Systems.
As part of the Smart Manufacturing Systems concept the laboratory also has the ability to represent this physical system by four information categories.
- Complete real time data
- Partial real time data
- Time based off line data
- Computer/simulation based representation of the physical system
This allows the laboratory to experiment with and design management systems that align with the unique product demand and production attributes characterized in the physical system. This ability allows one to understand the value of information under different production systems and business conditions.


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Definition of gunfire in English:
The repeated firing of a gun or guns: they'd been caught up in gunfire in Beirut
More example sentences
- It was not known if the governor was wounded by gunfire from the assailant or from shots fired afterward.
- Fires continue to belch smoke over the city and sporadic gunfire echoes through the flooded streets.
- Yesterday there were sporadic exchanges of gunfire and a tank firing shells in the city.
Words that rhyme with gunfirebonfire • crossfire • bushfire
What do you find interesting about this word or phrase?
Comments that don't adhere to our Community Guidelines may be moderated or removed.


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Issue with the PriorityArray and multiple BACnet objects of the same type
I have recently discovered that if you were to create two objects of the same type which have a priority array (e.g. BV), if you set the Priority at index 3 in BV1, it will also set it in BV2. This happens because in ObjectProperties.java, the static add() function creates a new PriorityArray instance which is then passed into all objects of the same type when they are created. This means the same PriorityArray object is used and passed into all BV instances when they are created.
The solution to this is to after creating your BACnet object (AO, AV, BO, BV etc), call the setProperty() function, and create a new PriorityArray instance;
BACnetObject bv1 = new BACnetObject(.....);
bv1.setProperty(PropertyIdentifier.priorityArray, new PriorityArray());


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Make Clay Idioms a "Piece of Cake"!
"That test was a piece of cake!" "It's clean as a whistle!" Idioms, well-known words or phrases that have figurative meanings different from their literal ones, can be found everywhere from the books we read to our everyday conversations. That's why it's important that your child understands the figure of speech he's using. Luckily, an idiom is more than just an expression. It is also the inspiration for this fun, hands-on art activity!
In this activity, your child will use modeling clay to represent the literal meaning of an idiom which can then be compared to how we use the phrase when we talk or write. To complete this activity, your child will brainstorm all the idioms he knows and think creatively about how to represent his favorite one using clay. Above all, he'll discover that practicing English grammar can be fun!
What You Need:
- Sheet of paper
- Modeling clay (can be found at any craft store)
- Internet access (only if you need help brainstorming)

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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> Do you know places where I can find precise border for small countries like Singapore?
Search the internet for shp files containing information about Singapore. I briefly searched data.gov.sg and found 294 shp files on Singapore from census data, municiple planning areas, and lots of different maps.
- Go to the 2010 census link above, download the zip file; unzip all files.
- Add the folder containing Region_Census2010.shp to your MATLAB path using addpath(...)
- Run the code below to see the map produced below. Note, these data break Singapore into Central, West, North, North-East, and East regions but is also includes at least some of the island borders.
- See notes in code below for more info.
First let's look at the shape info
info = shapeinfo('Region_Census2010.shp')
struct with fields:
Filename: [3×108 char]
BoundingBox: [2×2 double]
Attributes: [8×1 struct]
CoordinateReferenceSystem: [1×1 projcrs]
projcrs with properties:
GeographicCRS: [1×1 geocrs]
ProjectionMethod: "Transverse Mercator"
ProjectionParameters: [1×1 map.crs.ProjectionParameters]
The ProjectionMethod is "Transverse Mercator" which is "tranmerc" in Matlab if you choose to use map axes (eg, axesm('tranmerc')).
The coordinate reference system is not a geocrs object so this dataset does not use geographical coordinates (lat/lon) as described here. If you need Lat/Lon you'll either need to find a different sph file or perhaps these values can be converted.
S = shaperead('Region_Census2010.shp','UseGeoCoords',true)

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


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Efforts are underway to minimize future erosion and flooding along a North Westside creek.
On Monday, the provincial government approved a funding application that was submitted by the Regional District of Central Okanagan over the weekend to construct a bypass channel in Shorts Creek at Fintry.
"The goal of this emergency work is to stop the threat of any serious sudden erosion that could occur from elevated flows in Shorts Creek," said Bruce Smith, RDCO communications co-ordinator.
"During three separate significant rainfalls over the past three months, the creek bank has sustained serious erosion and any further heavy rainfall could result in the creek bursting its bank. Diverting and redirecting flows in the creek to a safer northern channel will reduce the threats posed to public safety and infrastructure in the area."
Design of the work and creek surveying is underway and it's hoped construction of the new bypass channel in the creek can be started this week.
Until this project is complete, officials continue to monitor the creek in case further action is needed by RDCO's regional emergency program.
"The regional district is grateful to Emergency Management B.C. and various provincial ministries for their co-operation and quick consideration of its application for this emergency work," said Smith.
Last week, the regional board was told of the threat posed by any further catastrophic erosion of Shorts Creek.
A report from Urban Systems highlighted concerns that any additional flows and high water levels in the creek could cause flooding problems in the Fintry area.


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Copyright В© 2010-2019. All rights reserved.


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This week on Sharin' Hearts: The Fireside Bookshelf, Ginger Green discovers the contents of Loneliness: How to Be Alone but Not Lonely by June Hunt. God has placed within each of us a basic need for a relationship with him and with others; therefore, our longing to belong, is natural. You may feel like the entire world has abandoned you; as if no one understands your pain and sorrow, but the Bible promises that the Lord is with you always!
Do you know…
· How being alone and being lonely differ?
· What leads to feelings of loneliness?
· How to identify situational causes for loneliness?
· What are the mental and physical symptoms of loneliness?
· How to overcome feelings of loneliness?
If not, come be a part, as an author and biblical counselor, June Hunt, helps us find answers to these questions in her book, Loneliness: How to Be Alone but Not Lonely.


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Background. Thoracic aortic aneurysm after patch repair of aortic coarctation is a potentially lethal complication. We hypothesized that transverse arch hypoplasia in association with patch repair of aortic coarctation predisposes aneurysm formation. Methods. A retrospective analysis was performed on all patients undergoing isolated aortic coarctation repair at the University of Virginia Health Systems between 1970 and 1995. Of 244 repairs, 38 patients underwent patch repair. These 38 patients were divided into two groups. The aneurysm group (n = 15) had aortic aneurysms develop at the repair site, which required aneurysmectomy. The nonaneurysm group (n = 23) did not have any aneurysms develop. Univariate analysis and Fisher's exact text were used to identify factors that independently predict aneurysm formation. Results. Univariate analysis demonstrated aortic arch hypoplasia associated with patch repair independently predicts future aneurysm formation (p < 0.01). Patients who had an aneurysm develop also had a similar incidence of bicuspid aortic valves, mild restenosis, and late hypertension compared with patients in the nonaneurysm group. Conclusions. Aneurysm formation after patch repair of aortic coarctation develops into a subgroup of patients. Aortic arch hypoplasia associated with coarctation independently predicts future aneurysm formation.
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
- Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine


Lansweeper treats the monitors in your network as separate devices with their own asset page. Because a monitor does not directly connect to your network, Lansweeper adds it as an asset when it scans the connected Windows computer. Lansweeper finds this information in the computer's registry
Any IT network usually contains a considerable number of computer screens. Although they have their own asset page, they do not count towards the assets limit of your Lansweeper license.
Scanned monitor information
Like with most other devices Lansweeper will retrieve the basic information from your monitor, including but not limited to:
 - Asset type
 - Device description
 - Manufacturer
 - Model
 - Serial number
For certain brands (Dell, Fujitsu, HP, Lenovo), Lansweeper attempts to retrieve warranty information from the manufacturer.
Automatic Relations
The information about your monitors is scanned from the registry of the Windows computer they are connected to. This allows Lansweeper to automatically create an asset relation between the monitor and computer.
Once scanned, each monitor also receives a unique identifying key, based on the manufacturer code and serial number. When you move a monitor and connect it to a different computer, Lansweeper recognizes it and creates a new asset relation on the existing asset page. This also allows you to keep track of your monitor's history.
Most networks have more monitors than computers. Having two screens per computer, and more in stock is not uncommon. With Lansweeper, you can keep track of your monitor's history even while it's unused.
Related Assets
Start Now! Discover all Monitor Assets in Your Network


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Megaminx Speedsolving Methods
Contrary to popular belief, the Megaminx is not substantially harder than a 3x3x3 to solve. The Megaminx can be solved up until the last face exactly like F2L on a normal Rubik's Cube. Generally, a solver will start with a "star" on one side, analogous to the cross on a Rubik's Cube. Then, corners and edges are paired and placed exactly like that of CFOP F2L until only the last face needs to be solved. From here there are several ways to go about solving the last face. Many algorithms used on a Rubik's Cube can be applied to the last layer of the Megaminx. For example, Sune (R U R' U R U'2 R') cycles three edges, and F R U R' U' F' and its inverse orient edges just like that of a Rubik's Cube.
List of methods


Scientists propose storing DNA 'ark' on the Moon to preserve our planet
Written on 03/15/2021
By Ciarán Mather
It would seem that some scientists are planning to give a futuristic twist to the old phrase 'don't keep all your eggs in the one basket.'
A group of researchers have suggested sending an 'ark' full of DNA from Earth, consisting of various types of sperm, eggs and seeds from plants.
In their proposal, they outlined that this 'gene bank' would be hidden inside the moon's lava tubes: hollowed-out tunnels and caves sculpted by lava more than 3 billion years ago inside the moon.
In addition, the banks would be powered by solar panels.
Jekan Thanga, head of the Space and Terrestrial Robotic Exploration (SpaceTREx) Laboratory at the University of Arizona, explained his team's back-up plan to LiveScience: 'There's this strong interconnectedness between us and nature. '
'We have a responsibility to be guardians of biodiversity and [to also be] the means to preserve it.'
He added the lunar ark approach is preferable to simply preserving it on Earth, in the event of our planet potentially succumbing to a disastrous event such as a super-volcano or even nuclear war.
The ark would hold the cryogenically (frozen) genetic material of all 6.7 million known species of plants, animals and fungi on Earth.
This would require at least 250 rocket launches to transport the cargo to the moon from Earth, according to researchers.
Not all the technology needed for this ambitious project exists yet, but the researchers think that it could realistically be built within the next 30 years.
The idea of an ark containing Earth's DNA echoes similar concepts seen in science fiction stories before, such as in 2017's Alien: Covenant.


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The Southern Highlands Irrigation Scheme commenced operations in November 2017.
Frequent drought, and a lack of reliable irrigation water in this district has, until now, been a constraint to expansion.
The area produces poppies, pasture seed crops and cereals and provides pasture for beef and sheep.
The scheme has a total capacity of 7,215 ML over a 120-day delivery period on which the summer irrigation season is based.
Water is harvested into the new Southernfield Dam from the Shannon River, and delivered via 58.4km of pipe from the dam at Waddamana Road in the north, to Bothwell and south to Hollow Tree. A pipeline also runs east from Bothwell to Pitcairns Marsh.
A pump station is located south of Waddamana Road on the banks of the Shannon The pump station can pump to the dam, the scheme or a combination of both at the same time. There are also two booster pumps at Bothwell and Hollow Tree.
In the Southern Highlands Irrigation Scheme, a Farm Water Access Plan is required to cover all land that Tasmanian Irrigation water is applied and to all dams that are used to store Tasmanian Irrigation water. Click here for information on Farm Water Access Plans


calaspargase pegol
Pronunciation: kal AS par jase PEG ol
Brand: Asparlas
What is the most important information I should know about calaspargase pegol?
You should not use this medicine if you have ever received pegaspargase and it caused an allergic reaction, a blood clot, pancreatitis, bleeding, or liver problems.
What is calaspargase pegol?
Calaspargase pegol is used to treat acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children and young adults from 1 month to 21 years old.
Calaspargase pegol may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide.
What should I discuss with my healthcare provider before taking calaspargase pegol?
You should not use calaspargase pegol if you are allergic to it, or if:
 - you have liver disease;
 - you have had a serious allergic reaction to pegaspargase; or
 - you have had a blood clot, pancreatitis, or serious bleeding caused by using asparaginase.
Tell your doctor if you have ever had:
 - pancreatitis;
 - heart problems;
 - a blood clot; or
 - liver disease.
Calaspargase pegol may harm an unborn baby. Use effective birth control to prevent pregnancy while you are using this medicine and for at least 3 months after your last dose.
Calaspargase pegol may interact with birth control pills. To prevent pregnancy while using calaspargase pegol, use an effective non-oral form of birth control (injection, implant, skin patch, vaginal ring) plus a barrier form of birth control (condom, diaphragm, cervical cap, contraceptive sponge).
Do not breastfeed while using this medicine, and for at least 3 months after your last dose.
How should I take calaspargase pegol?
Calaspargase pegol is given as an infusion into a vein. A healthcare provider will give you this injection.
Calaspargase pegol is usually given once every 21 days. Your doctor will determine how long to treat you with this medicine.
Calaspargase pegol doses are based on body surface area (height and weight). Your dose needs may change if you gain or lose weight or if you are still growing.
You will need frequent medical tests.
What happens if I miss a dose?
Call your doctor for instructions if you miss an appointment for your calaspargase pegol injection.
What happens if I overdose?
Seek emergency medical attention or call the Poison Help line at _PHONE_.
What should I avoid while taking calaspargase pegol?
Follow your doctor's instructions about any restrictions on food, beverages, or activity.
What are the possible side effects of calaspargase pegol?
Get emergency medical help if you have signs of an allergic reaction: hives, itching, redness; feeling light-headed; wheezing, difficult breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat.
You will be watched closely for at least 1 hour after each injection, to make sure you do not have an allergic reaction.
Call your doctor at once if you have:
 - easy bruising, unusual bleeding;
 - high blood sugar --increased thirst, increased urination, dry mouth, fruity breath odor;
 - pancreatitis --severe pain in your upper stomach spreading to your back, nausea and vomiting;
 - liver problems --loss of appetite, stomach pain (upper right side), dark urine, jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes); or
 - signs of a blood clot --headache, sudden numbness or weakness, blurred vision, chest pain, swelling or redness in an arm or leg.
Your cancer treatments may be delayed or permanently discontinued if you have certain side effects.
Common side effects may include:
 - pancreatitis;
 - blood clotting problems; or
 - abnormal liver function tests.
This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.
What other drugs will affect calaspargase pegol?
Other drugs may affect calaspargase pegol, including prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal products. Tell your doctor about all your current medicines and any medicine you start or stop using.
Where can I get more information?
Your pharmacist can provide more information about calaspargase pegol.
This information does not replace the advice of a doctor. Healthwise, Incorporated, disclaims any warranty or liability for your use of this information. Your use of this information means that you agree to the Terms of Use. Learn how we develop our content.
Healthwise, Healthwise for every health decision, and the Healthwise logo are trademarks of Healthwise, Incorporated.


text:
The Happy Museum was delighted to invite Tom Crompton of the Common Cause Foundation to speak at a recent gathering of our 5-Year Study Group of museums. Tom spoke about the Foundation's research into Human Values and Frames and opened up a discussion into the implications and opportunities of this work in museums. He observed:
'Museums can play a crucial role in reflecting and shaping people's values – the things that matter to people in life. These values play a crucial role in determining levels of wellbeing, cultural belonging, and public expressions of concern about a wide range of different social and environmental challenges. Research suggests new ways to encourage reflection on values and the factors that shape these.
Common Cause Foundation recently worked with internationally leading social psychologists and Ipsos-MORI to conduct a survey of the values of one thousand demographically representative UK citizens.
They found that:
- 74% of UK citizens place greater importance on compassionate values (associated with greater wellbeing, cultural belonging, concern about social and environmental issues, and civic engagement) than selfish values
- However 78% of UK citizens underestimate the importance that a typical fellow citizen places on compassionate values and over-estimate the importance that they place on selfish values
- People who suffer such misconceptions about a typical fellow citizen's values also report higher levels of cultural estrangement and lower levels of civic engagement (they are less likely to have voted, for example).
- Asked what values they believe are encouraged by 'arts and culture – galleries, museums, theatre and music', most people say that they believe these institutions encourage compassionate values less than they themselves hold these to be important, and encourage selfish values more than they themselves hold these to be important.
Find out more about these findings and an opportunity for museums to engage with these questions hereExploring our values -an invitation to museums.


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Improvements of Valve Stem Seals to Meet Future Emission Requirements 980581
Due to the current and future emission regulations, nearly every new internal combustion engine has to be equipped with valve stem seals.
The optimal seal is designed to meet the increasingly severe emission regulations by constantly metering the oil flow to allow adequate lubrication of the valve stem/ guide while at the same time minimizing oil flow to the combustion chamber and hence minimizing emissions. The seal has to compensate for manufacturing tolerances of the cylinder head and to provide stability of the oil metering rate for all different running conditions over the life of the engine.
To increase the constancy of the oil flow metered by the seals, a new stepped lip design was developed using finite element analysis.


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Two Japanese researchers have recently developed a gun that is able to stop someone from speaking mid-sentence, according to the Washington Post.
Kazutaka Kurihara of the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, and Koji Tsukada of Ochanomizu University who made the gun said that the device can silence someone from talking more than 100 feet away, the Post reports.
"In general, human speech is jammed by giving back to the speakers their own utterances at a delay of a few hundred milliseconds. This effect can disturb people without any physical discomfort, and disappears immediately by stopping speaking," Kurihara and Tsukada wrote in a research paper describing the portable gun, according to The Telegraph.au.
Initially, the researchers intended the device to be used in hushed spaces, like libraries. But also in that paper they wrote that it can be used to silence people who speak during important speeches and hush meaningless noises.
Extremetech.com comments that this gun was made basically "to enforce 'proper' conversations."
Controversial talk bout the invention of this speech-silencing gun concern the rights of free speech.


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Knowledge and skills for life and work
Pearson is working with the British Council to deliver a new government funded programme called Connecting Classrooms through Global Learning (CCGL).
This new programme supports teachers and school leaders in schools around the world to improve teaching – giving students the knowledge, skills and attitudes they need to make a positive contribution now and in the future.
It helps teachers enhance lessons with global learning themes and gives students a platform to learn about and collaborate with peers in other countries on the big issues that shape our world. Through free professional development for teachers, connections with other schools, and engaging learning resources, the CCGL helps develop students equipped to live and work in a globalised world.
Building a global learning journey
There are a host of learning opportunities on offer to UK schools as part of the CCGL. Whether a school is part of a cluster or applying for individual opportunities, their global learning journey can be tailored to match their school's priorities thanks to the programme's range of flexible elements.
Opportunities available to UK schools
UK schools can apply for access to the following CCGL opportunities as an individual school, a lead school, or as part of a cluster:
- free access to high-quality online and face-to-face professional development for teachers and school leaders - find out more
- classroom activities with partner schools based on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
- an online partner-finding tool to help schools build international connections, as well as guidance and training to get the most from partnerships
- grants for reciprocal visits between partner schools in different countries, either as a cluster of schools or one-to-one school partnership
- grants for lead schools to build and expand a cluster network and develop the skills of an appointed international co-ordinator
- recognition via the relevant level of the International School Award to highlight your achievements in embedding international education in your school.
Learn more on the Connecting Classrooms through Global Learning website
Collaboration and support
Connecting Classrooms through Global Learning can help schools make connections locally and globally. It encourages schools in the UK to work together as clusters, or individually, to develop partnerships with schools in other countries and embed global learning in the classroom.
Being part of a cluster means you are fully supported throughout your global learning journey by becoming part of a new global learning network, where practitioners with a broad range of international expertise share their experiences and advice.
Becoming a lead school brings with it a host of benefits. Lead schools get access grants to build and expand a cluster network, access a range of advanced professional development opportunities for a co-ordinator to further develop their own practice around global learning themes and gain the skills and resources to take a lead role in delivering training to schools in the cluster, host events showcasing their international work to the wider community, and get cover support for the co-ordinator's time.
Learn together, act together
By integrating global themes into their lessons, teachers can engage learners in understanding how to use core and transferable skills, such as critical thinking and citizenship. It can inspire students to apply what they learn in the classroom to help them thrive in the wider world, create positive change and live as responsible global citizens.


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EDI Envelope: Digital Information Package
EDI Envelope serves to deliver electronic transactions to a receiving company's business system. EDI Envelope can include multiple business transaction sets in the same way multiple paper purchase order documents can be physically grouped, stuffed, and mailed together to a receiver. EDI Envelope is the digital package that contains EDI documentation to be sent to trading partners. EDI Envelope is presented in three different types representing different levels of digital packaging. These include transaction set, group, and interchange envelopes, the last of which is the largest envelope comprised of the smaller groups of transaction sets.
Sometimes when we want to imaging the structure of an EDI document we can think about common paper documents that are packed in an envelope. The upper envelope (ISA/IEA Envelope) contains one or more envelopes (GS/GE Envelopes) in which documents are placed. Each document is in a separate EDI Envelope (ST/SE Envelopes).
The addresses of sender and receiver are "written" on ISA/IEA envelopes.
The type of documents "packed" are "depicted" on EDI Envelope GS/GE. This envelope contains only the documents of similar type – Purchase Orders, Invoices etc. Also it can be "written" on an envelope to which company-receiver division these documents refer. The last envelope contains the end-documents, e.g. Purchase Orders 000000123 and 000000124. Below is a sample of an EDI document structure:
ISA <<< «upper» envelope
GS <<< «inner» envelope that contains documents of one type
ST <<< envelope with a document
 <<< document itself
ISA*00* *00* *ZZ*A1STORES *ZZ*LEXINGTON *020115*0900*U*00400*000000005*0*T*>~
There are three different types of EDI envelopes representing different levels of digital packaging. These include transaction set, group, and interchange envelopes, the last of which is the largest envelope comprised of the smaller groups of transaction sets.
In an EDI document, each separate EDI envelope is notated by a pair of segments at the beginning and end of the transaction. Within one EDI document, there can be multiple transactions, and groups of transactions, each defined by their respective EDI envelopes.


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When seeking a hearty winter warm-up in the Savo region of Finland, a good first step is finding the deeply brown dumplings known as myky. Because these dense patties get their rich color and flavor from animal blood, they were often made when animals were slaughtered or brought back from a hunt, and traditionally found their way into mykyrokka, or blood dumpling soup.
Also called tappaiskeitto, meaning "butchery soup," the hearty meal has a history as an all-village affair. People would gather to distribute the butchered meat from whole animals (typically cows or pigs), making some into sausage and using the scraps for soup. Today, families still gather to assemble mykyrokka, mixing offal and chunks of meat with potatoes and onions, and shaping barley flour and blood into the iconic dumplings. When the soup is done, it provides just the sort of rib-coating warmth a body needs during the dark days of Finnish winter.


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Singing Voice Detection, also referred to as Vocal Detection (VD) aims at automatically identifying the regions in a music recording where at least one person sings. It is highly challenging due to the timbral and expressive richness of the human singing voice, as well as the practically endless variety of interfering instrumental accompaniment. Additionally, certain instruments have an inherent risk of being misclassified as vocals due to similarities of the sound production system. In this paper, we present a machine learning approach that is based on our previous work for VD, which is specifically designed to deal with those challenging conditions. The contribution of this work is three-fold: First, we present a new method for VD that passes a compact set of features to an LSTM-RNN classifier that obtains state of the art results. Second, we thoroughly evaluate the proposed method along with related approaches to really probe the weaknesses of the methods. In order to allow for such a thorough evaluation, we make a curated collection of data sets available to the research community. Third, we focus on a specific problem that was not obvious and had not been discussed in the literature so far. The reason for this is precisely because limited evaluations had not revealed this as a problem: the lack of loudness invariance. We will discuss the implications of utilising loudness related features and show that our method successfully deals with this problem due to the specific set of features it uses.
Sprache der Kurzfassung:
IEEE Transactions on Audio, Speech and Language Processing


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By Hannah Brockhaus | 15 June 2020
CATHOLIC NEWS AGENCY — A historic statue of Mary atop a column, torn down by an angry crowd more than 100 years ago, has been restored to its original site in Prague.
The placement of the exact replica of the 17th-century statue in the Czech capital's Old Town Square June 4 was an event 30 years in the making.
The Marian column, as it is called, was erected to "the singing of Marian songs, the ringing of bells on the tower of the Mother of God in front of Týn [Church] and the applause of the people present," Karel Kavička told CNA via email.
Kavička is a founding member of an association of historians, artists, and Catholics who have worked for more than three decades to create the replica and to gain the city's permission to return the Marian column to its historic place.
"From the beginning, we have strived to make the pillar a symbol of reconciliation. Who can be a better symbol of peace than the Virgin Mary?" Kavička said.
He noted Czech Catholics' joy at the statue's restoration, but added that many Protestants and non-believers also supported the project because of the statue's historic and artistic importance in Prague.
The star-crowned Mary and the 52-foot column she sits upon were pulled down by a mob of angry men, led by writer Franta Sauer, on November 3, 1918. […]


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at Stonegate Farm
at Stonegate Farm
Stonegate Farm is a nineteenth-century estate farm in New York's picturesque Hudson River Valley. Located one-hour north of New York City, the historic carpenter-gothic farm is a model of bio-intensive organic farming where growing and cultivating is practiced as an art form, where healthy and sustainable land-stewardship is prioritized, and where ideas on the value, meaning and processes of small-scale, sustainable farming are passionately explored. The farm's philosophy is manifest in the cultivation of its beauty and wellness products, its various food and event programs, and its public outreach as a model of aspirational growing.
The farm cultivates a seasonal abundance of medicinal and culinary herbs, botanicals for topical and ingestible beauty and wellness, as well as historic tree and bramble fruit, vegetables and raw honey. Our methods are organic and sustainable, with no chemical fertilizers or pesticides in practice. Our soil is regularly replenished with local compost, minerals and low-impact, cultivation. Though herbs and flowers are the farm's priority, it's Stonegate's diverse and varied ecosystem of living things that is essential to the harmonic balance and interaction of soil and plant health, as well as to the efficacy of the farm's products and services.
We are Jill Rowe and Matthew Benson, co-founders of Cultivate Apothecary at Stonegate Farm and blissed-out stewards of this magical and productive piece of earth. We and our amazing team at Stonegate Farm are passionate about creating the most beautiful and potent botanical beauty and wellness products for you. We care as much about the impact and efficacy of what we create for you, as we do the impact we impress on our environment. We are multi-passionates–with past lives in publishing, film, fashion, photography, art, food, horticulture, and beauty–but mostly we are compulsive creative obsessives with never enough hours in the day.


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Atlas de Jordanie
The Atlas of Jordan provides 17 thematic maps on social and environmental issues, distributed over various areas and over time, including expansion of drought, water balance and polarization; population growth, density and distribution; migration and urbanization trends; land use planning and settlement patterns.
These maps contribute to identify existing and future physical and social vulnerabilities to disasters, such as land use plans, migration patterns and water shortage. The maps can serve as a source for sustainable development planning, with integrated disaster risk reduction measures.
The work combines different scales of analysis (localities, urban areas, subdistricts, districts, governorates and regions) to present the dynamics of the Jordanian territory in a new way.
The work on the Atlas of Jordan began in January 2006 with a team of researchers from the French Institute of Near East Studies, under the supervision of Dr. Myriam Ababsa. The 17 main plates of the Thematic Atlas of Jordan were exhibited in Amman in 2009. The project is finalized and the Atlas is expected to be published in 2011.
The Atlas is the result of cooperation with several Jordanian institutions including the Royal Geographic Centre, the Department of Statistics, the Ministry of Town Councils, the Ministry of Water, the Centre of Natural Resources, and the Land Registry Department.
The publication is supported by the French National Centre for Scientific Research, the National Research Agency (Citadain project), the Academic Agency of French speakers and the Delegation of the European Union in Jordan.
- Themes:Climate Change, Environment, Food Security & Agriculture, GIS & Mapping, Risk Identification & Assessment, Urban Risk & Planning, Water
- Hazards:Drought, Earthquake, Flood, Heat Wave


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Last updated on December 8th, 2022 at 02:06 pm
The resolution on the annual celebration of Radio Day on May 7 was issued by the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR in May 1945
Today, Russia and some other countries celebrate the professional holiday of workers in all sectors of communications, radio engineering, and radio journalism – Radio Day.
Happy Radio Day!
On this day 125 years ago, the Russian physicist Alexander Stepanovich Popov for the first time demonstrated the operation of a radio receiver – a device capable of responding to electromagnetic waves, that is, opening up the possibility of wireless transmission of information. Paying tribute to our compatriot, it will be fair to remember that the birth of radio communication technology is connected with the names of other scientists, especially Heinrich Hertz, who proved the existence of electromagnetic waves themselves.
Radio communications and broadcasting have developed rapidly. The effect of their appearance in some sense can be compared with the advent of the Internet in our time. A huge role – both technical and cultural – advanced technologies played in the young Soviet Union. It is no accident that the invention of the radio was regularly noted even before the Great Patriotic War, and after the decision of the USSR Council of People's Commissars in May 1945, the holiday became an annual event.
The transmission of information by radio has become the basis of so many technologies that we use every second that it is impossible even to simply list them all. These are radio communications and broadcasting, radar and television, navigation and accurate measurements, cellular and local wireless networks. Radio waves are used by PC peripherals and wearable electronic devices, medical devices, and virtual reality headsets.
We can say that Radio Day is no longer just a professional holiday. But, of course, congratulations and wishes on this day, first of all, are addressed to teachers and students of specialized educational institutions, scientists and designers, engineers and technicians, other specialists – all who connected fate with this important and interesting industry. Happy holidays, dear friends!


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Preparing for a Career in Woodstock's Emergency Dispatch Centers
In Woodstock, it is the city governments that supervise of the working with procedure of 911 dispatchers. This is why there are variations in the minimum requirements essential to qualify as a 911 dispatcher. Although there is an accreditation requirement that will be administered by all city government, the choice regarding which sort of accreditation will be various.
Training requirements for 911 dispatchers will differ throughout the state. This is since city government is in charge of the working with procedure. Requirements are frequently part of a post-hire curriculum, although prospects who already have experience with any of the following may have a benefit over their competitors throughout the employing process:.
- Accreditation dealing with the National Crime Information Center (NCIC)
- Law Information Network of Kentucky (LINK) Certification
- Emergency Medical Dispatch Certification
- Police Dispatching Certification
- Fire Dispatch Certification
- Innovation Training:
- Computer Aided Dispatch
- GPS Mapping
- Authorities Radio Dispatch
Educational Options for Emergency Dispatch Personnel In Woodstock
Aside form necessary 911 operator training, prospects ought to think about getting a college degree also – since a degree is perceived as the nest way to prepare yourself for a 911 dispatcher position. There is a typical annual job growth rate of one percent in the next years leading up to 2020, which means that the competitive nature of this field will only become more competitive.
A college degree in any of the following majors are directly appropriate to anybody wishing to become a 911 dispatcher:
- Emergency Management
- Public Safety
- Bad guy Justice
- Fire Science
- Homeland Security
Woodstock Job Outlook
Woodstock is another state which has a criminal activity rate higher than the national average– particularly in regards to violent criminal offenses such and home criminal offenses such as; murder, rape, theft and theft. This is why Woodstock is ranked 38th on the United States Crime Index. Other problems concerning crimes come in the type kidnappings, drug smuggling, and human trafficking. In combination with vehicle accidents, and other unforeseen accidents, Woodstock emergency agencies are always in alarming need for skilled 911 dispatchers.
Appropriate training and experience is crucial for anyone who desires to enter this occupation. Dispatchers have to be composed and professional at all times in order to be able to correctly assist callers.
The day-to-day grind of 911 dispatchers in Woodstock may have its sets of obstacles, however it is among the most fulfilling jobs. Due to some of those obstacles, college graduates make for some of the most preferable dispatchers, considering that they are thought about to be finest equipped (mentally and mentally). The majority of callers will be distressed as well as terrified for their life. If the dispatcher slips up, this could just aggravate such scenarios. Dispatchers are essentially put in charge of caller's lives.
911 Operator Career Requirements In Woodstock
The requirements to become a 911 dispatcher in Woodstock are:
- Must type 35 wpm and pass an evaluation.
- Must finish Emergency Medical Dispatcher certification (EMD) within 3 months of hire.
- Must finish Emergency Fire Dispatcher accreditation (EFD) within 3 months of hire.
- Must become CPR accredited by the American Red Cross within 3 months of hire.
Candidates interested in becoming part of the emergency reaction team should attempt to familiarize themselves with the regional, nationwide, and international companies in charge of all the 911 dispatchers companies. A few of these companies are:
- The Woodstock APCO. The Woodstock APCO works to collaborate and modernize emergency communications throughout the state.
- The National Emergency Number Association. This group works to coordinate and improve emergency interactions across the nation, consisting of making emergency dial services readily available from voice over IP and remote mobile phone.
- The International Academies of Emergency Dispatch. The IAED works to bring the innovation of emergency dial to countries throughout the world, and push for worldwide standards.


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Draw a skyline with roofs of Dutch canal houses on the white sheet. Cut it. Choose a colour to stencil with. Rub chalk on the stencil. Use a tissue or your finger to rub the chalk off the stencil on the black sheet, to create the soft looking skyline.
Turn the stencil and take another colour to repeat this process. Students may also exchange the roof with your neighbour, to get different skylines.
Draw a moon with chalk pastel. Draw windows in the houses and colour them with a yellow and/or white pencil.


Skip to definition.
Noun: anorak 'a-nu,rak
 1. A kind of heavy jacket
 - parka, windbreaker [N. Amer], windcheater [Brit]
 2. [Brit] Someone considered boring because of their obsessive hobby or narrow solitary interests
 - trainspotter [Brit], nerd, spod [Brit]
Derived forms: anoraks
Type of: jacket
Encyclopedia: Anorak


OEOutFileStringParameter
Attention
PRELIMINARY-IMAGE This is a preliminary API until Spring 2021 and may be improved based on user feedback. It is currently available in C++ and Python.
class OEOutFileStringParameter : public OEFileStringParameter
The OEOutFileStringParameter represents parameter that has string value representing a writable file format for modeling objects, such as a molecule or a design unit.
Following methods are publicly inherited from OEParameter:
Following methods are publicly inherited from OETypedParameter:
Following methods are publicly inherited from OEPODParameter:
 - GetDefaultsVector
 - GetSettingsVector
 - GetValuesVector
Constructors
OEOutFileStringParameter()
OEOutFileStringParameter(const std::string& name, const unsigned fileType)
OEOutFileStringParameter(const OEOutFileStringParameter&)
Default and copy constructors.
Constructs an OEOutFileStringParameter instance using the specified set of parameters. The fileType refers to a constants defined in the OEFileStringType namespace.
operator=
OEOutFileStringParameter &operator=(const OEOutFileStringParameter &)
The assignment operator.


ActionsDifferent tools that the customer can use e.g. to save their products or add content into the canvas.
Bounding BoxA bounding box is a rectangular area. You can define bounding boxes by setting the position (top, left) and size (width, height) of the box or you can use another element in the same view as bounding box by using the title of this element.
The canvas is the working surface in which elements are added to. The canvas has fixed width and height in pixels.
Cross Sells ProductsA function that advertises the customers design on different types of products.
An element can be an image or text object. These elements can be customized depending on the defined properties.
Different Layers of the product that are placed on top of each other to create the customizable product (e.g. a colored base and a shadow overlay of a t-shirt).
MaskA tool that only shows designs inside a provided svg path.
ModulesChoose between different modules such as images, text, designs or drawings to create your custom interface for the product configurator.
The parameters defining the properties of the elements.
Product Builder
The tool that is used to set up a fancy product.
A code snippet that is used to insert predefinded content on a website.
A small preview image that represents the product.
UI Composer
A tool that lets you create the Layout of the customizer shown in your website.
Upload ZoneA rectangular area tin which customers can upload their images.
ViewA fancy product can have different views that shows the product out of different angles.
The views can also be used to represent different pages of a book.


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The Federal Communications Commission (the "FCC") recently released its Declaratory Ruling and Order regarding the requirements of the Telephone Consumer Protection Act of 1991 (the "TCPA"). The FCC Order provides some good news for the healthcare industry, clarifying the TCPA's application regarding calls to patients by healthcare providers, and granting an exemption from the TCPA's prior express consent requirement for certain healthcare calls that are not charged to the end recipient. Here's what you need to know:
Prior Express Consent:
- The General Rule. The Ruling clarifies that when a patient provides his telephone number to a healthcare provider, such provision constitutes prior express consent for healthcare calls subject to HIPAA. The express consent only extends to HIPAA covered entities and business associates acting on their behalf as defined in the HIPAA privacy rules and only to calls made within the scope of the consent given, and absent contrary instructions.
- Incapacitated Third Parties. The FCC Order additionally addressed the issue of whether a third party may provide a telephone number and prior express consent for incapacitated patients. In doing so, the FCC recognized that in certain situations, it may be impossible for a caller to provide prior express consent due to incapacity. The Order therefore allows for a third party to provide prior express consent to make healthcare calls subject to HIPAA where a party is unable to consent because of medical incapacity. In those situations, prior express consent to make healthcare calls subject to HIPAA may be obtained from a third party. As such, healthcare providers may make healthcare calls subject to HIPAA, to an incapacitated patient based on the prior express consent of a third party. At the time the patient is considered capable to grant consent on his own behalf, the third party consent is no longer valid. At that point, the healthcare provider must obtain prior express consent from the patient himself.
Free to End User Calls:
The Order also provides a limited exemption from the TCPA's prior express consent requirement for certain non-telemarketing, healthcare calls that are not charged to the receiving party.
- What Calls are Exempt?
- Calls have a healthcare treatment purpose
- Appointment and exam confirmations and reminders,
- Wellness checkups,
- Hospital pre-registration instructions,
- Preoperative instructions,
- Lab results,
- Post-discharge follow-up intended to prevent readmission,
- Prescription notifications
- Home healthcare instructions.
- What Calls are Not Exempt?Calls regarding accounting, debt collections, payment notifications, Social Security disability eligibility or other financial content.
- Requirements for Exempted Calls:
- Voice calls and text messages must be free to the end user and not counted against any plan limits to the recipient;
- Voice calls and text messages may be sent only to the wireless telephone number provided by the patient;
- Voice calls and text messages must state the name and contact information of the healthcare provider (for voice calls, these disclosures must be provided at the beginning of the call);
- Voice calls and text messages are strictly limited to the purpose permitted in the FCC's ruling;
- Voice calls and text messages must not include any telemarketing, solicitation, or advertising;
- All communications must comply with HIPAA privacy rules;
- Voice calls and text messages must be concise
- one minute or less in length for voice calls (unless more time is needed to obtain customer responses or answer customer questions)
- 160 characters or less in length for text messages;
- A healthcare provider may initiate only one (1) message per day, up to a maximum of three (3) voice calls or text messages combined per week from a specific healthcare provider;
- A healthcare provider must offer recipients within each message an easy means to opt out of future such messages;
- voice calls that could be answered by a live person must include an automated, interactive voice and/or key press-activated opt-out mechanism that enables the call recipient to make an opt-out request prior to terminating the call,
- voice calls that could be answered by an answering machine or voice mail service must include a toll-free number that the consumer can call to opt out of future healthcare calls, text messages must inform recipients of the ability to opt out by replying "STOP," which will be the exclusive means by which consumers may opt out of such messages; and,A healthcare provider must honor the opt-out requests immediately.


Creating an agent bundle
This topic describes how to create an agent bundle for use with the Unified Agent Installer.
This topic contains the following sections:
About agent bundles
An agent bundle maps target platform types to their corresponding agent installers. Optionally, an agent bundle can also specify the contents of the following agent configuration files: exports, users.local, and secure (optionally different settings for each platform).
For example, suppose you want to install agents on Microsoft Windows 32-bit servers. Following the instructions in Adding agent installer packages to the Depot, you would create a depot software object for the Windows 32-bit agent installer package, and this object would be based on the installer file RSCD86-WIN32.msi. When you create an agent bundle, you include a line that says: for each Windows 32-bit target system, use the RSCD86-WIN32.msi package to install an agent.
You may need to create only one agent bundle to specify the installers and settings for all your platforms. However, there are some situations where you need to create more than one bundle:
 - You need agent bundles with different permissions for each bundle.
 - You need to have different agent configuration file contents for the same platform.
When you create an agent bundle, it is stored in the file server.
Before you begin
Required authorizations
To create and use agent bundles, your role must be granted the following authorizations:
 - DepotFolder.Read on the folder where the agent bundle is stored
 - DepotFolder.Write on the folder where the agent bundle is stored
 - DepotFolder.Read on the folders where agent installers are stored
 - WindowsSoftware.Read, AIXSoftware.Read, LinuxSoftware.Read, or SolarisSoftware.Read, to access the appropriate agent installer
 - AgentBundle.Read
 - AgentBundle.Create
Familiarity with exports, users.local, and secure files (optional)
When you create an agent bundle, you do not have to specify the contents of the exports, users.local, and secure files. If you omit these settings, the system uses the defaults from the agent installer package.
However, if you want to specify these configuration settings in the agent bundle, familiarize yourself with the various options and syntax for these files. See Setting up configuration files. Use care when defining non-default configurations. The installation process does not validate configuration settings. An incorrect setting can prevent an agent from starting or block users from accessing the agent.
To create an agent bundle
 1. Open the Depot folder. Select a sub-folder, right-click and select New > Agent Bundle. The New Agent Bundle wizard opens.
 2. Define the agent bundle, as described in the following sections:
 3. Click Finish after completing the last step of the wizard.
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The difference between environmental protection cable and low smoke halogen-free cable
by：AAA 2020-03-25
In many key projects, such as fire protection, monitoring, alarm and other places, low smoke halogen-free cables will be used, which are usually called environmental protection cables, in fact, environmental protection cable does not refer to low-smoke halogen-free cable. The following is a detailed analysis of the difference between environmental protection cable and low-smoke halogen-free cable: 1. Halogen-free: green environmental protection insulation layer, sheath and special oxygen insulation layer materials are adopted, it not only has good electrical properties, physical and mechanical properties, but also ensures that the product does not contain halogen and solves the 'secondary pollution' formed during combustion ', to avoid the traditional PVC wire burning can produce carcinogenic 'dioxine' substances. 2. High flame retardancy: Environmental protection cables fully guarantee their building requirements with high fire protection requirements. Cables are not easy to burn in case of fire, and can prevent the spread of flames and the expansion of disasters after burning. 3. Low toxin: the insulation and sheath do not contain heavy metals such as lead and cadmium that are harmful to human body, and will not pollute the soil and water source when the cable is used and discarded. And after rigorous toxicity tests, the mice were safe and sound under the prescribed experimental conditions. 4. No corrosive gas will be generated: new special coating materials that are pollution-free to the environment will be adopted, and gases such as HCL will not be generated during production, use and combustion, and very little acid gas will be emitted, it has little damage to personnel, equipment and instruments and shows more environmental protection characteristics. 5. Waterproof and UV-proof: Green and environment-friendly materials with special molecular structure are adopted to ensure ultra-low water absorption. Special ultraviolet absorber makes the product have good ultraviolet protection function. The safety of this kind of products is ensured and the service life is prolonged. The first to launch the name of 'environmental protection cable' is a Japanese company, whose product standard is FN (Ecomaterial) Ecological cable standards, Western countries, the United Kingdom has also formulated advanced environmental protection cable standards, and later gradually spread to the world. 6. High light transmittance: the smoke generated when the cable burns is extremely thin, which is conducive to the evacuation of personnel and the fire fighting work. The light transmittance of the product is greater than 40℃, which is far higher than the standard of less than 20% for traditional flame retardant cables.
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A modern architect
In the wake of the Second World War, as the tangles of colonialism were unravelling around the globe, new urban settlements were being planned to embody the ideals of the nations emerging from the conflict.
Despite their varied origins, these new towns were joined by a common desire to improve on the past to make people's lives better. Some of these urban developments also shared the same planners or architects. While most of these professionals were notably white, European (or American) men, the British architect Jane Drew made a name for herself in what was, and perhaps still is, an otherwise male-dominated industry.
Her life and career may be less well known than some of the other architects of the day, such as her colleague Le Corbusier, however her blend of innovative design with humanitarian concern is arguably of equal significance to the history of modern architecture.
After qualifying at the Architectural Association in the 1930s, Drew struggled to find work. So she started her own firm in which she initially aimed to only employ other female architects. She received contracts for aircraft factories and also kitchens for the new pre-fabricated housing that was developed to replace the homes bombed during the war. While working on these she used a vigorous method of research, which included gathering statistics on the height of post-war British women to establish a new standard height for kitchen ovens.
Drew became interested in Modernism upon meeting the architect Maxwell Fry and joining the MARS Group (Modern Architectural ReSearch) in which Fry played a key role in forming a plan for the future of London. They both collaborated with Walter Gropius, of the Bauhaus movement. Drew continued to dedicate herself to her work after she married Fry in 1942, working on, among other projects, the Rebuilding Britain exhibition at the National Gallery in 1943, and the Britain Can Make It exhibition in 1946 at the Victoria and Albert Museum.
Town planning at home and abroad
The 1946 UK New Towns Act was introduced with the desire to employ modern design technologies to create new communities. It was through their connection with MARS that Drew and Fry came to work in Harlow New Town. Combining a new modernist agenda with inspiration from the previous garden city developments, they designed the Tanys Dell and The Chantry housing estates. The couple then took their work abroad to British colonies and former colonial territories.
Her anthropological approach to design led her to spend long periods studying climatic conditions, ecology and traditions as well as people's needs
In British West Africa, Drew and Fry had to adapt their modernist design agenda to a tropical climate. The thorough sociological methods of research that Drew had developed while working on prefab kitchens were put to use as she undertook extensive consultation with the local population to align their architectural ideas with what were perceived to be local and traditional customs. There she designed universities, hospitals, housing complexes and dams, which worked in harmony with the environment and climate, and introduced new and controversial elements to the established ideas of universal modernism in the process.
An invitation from Nehru
It is likely that their work in late-colonial Nigeria, and their subsequent publications on designing modern architecture for tropical climates, brought Drew and Fry to the attention of Jawaharlal Nehru, the first prime minister of the newly independent India. A new town was required for the Punjab, where conflict and partition had caused chaos and destruction.
"The Indians arrived at our house in Gloucester Place for tea," Drew recalled in an interview in 1990 for The Independent. "And they asked whether we would take on the job of doing the architecture at Chandigarh. They said that Nehru wanted to do it free form the shackles of the past and to incorporate all the ideas that we had been fighting for. And it seemed a wonderful opportunity."
Drew's enthusiasm would eventually convince her husband to agree to accept the invitation. As they were both involved in various other projects at the time, however, Drew took the initiative by suggesting Le Corbusier be invited to help work on Chandigarh.
Previous architects had drafted plans for the city so Le Corbusier was able to finalise them reasonably quickly and it was largely left up to Pierre Jeanneret, Drew, Fry and a team of Indian architects, which included M.N. Sharma, A.R. Prabhawalkar and Aditya Prakash, to fill in the gaps in the master plan.
Although Chandigarh is commonly referred to as "Corb's Capital", it is likely that he would never have been invited on to the project if it were not for Drew's influence. This is proof of the respect she had gained among her peers, as well as the political leaders who employed her. Indeed, it was noted by her associates that Chandigarh would not have become a "great venture" had it not been for Drew's enthusiasm and commitment to the project.
A unique form of modernism
While maintaining a pragmatic approach to her work, Drew felt compelled to support the avant garde. As a friend and close ally of artists, including Eduardo Paolozzi and Barbara Hepworth, she had a formative role in establishing and securing the premises for London's ICA at Dover Street in 1950, as well as its current location on The Mall in 1968.
Drew considered her work to be "quiet", not at all formalist or sculpturally expressive in the way her colleague in Chandigarh, Le Corbusier, worked. The Chantry in Harlow certainly makes a quieter statement than Le Corbusier's Unite d'Habitation. She was an idealist and a visionary, but a practical one. Her anthropological approach to design led her to spend long periods studying climatic conditions, ecology and traditions as well as people's needs.
The plans of most modernist architects were often considered utopian or universal, with imposing grid systems and stark structures designed and built in advance of their occupants. All her career, Drew defended the modernism of her generation, but her work challenged dominant ideas of universal modernist architecture to put people at the heart of her buildings. For this, along with her tireless enthusiasm and generosity, she is considered the outstanding woman architect of her generation.
Jane Drew (_PHONE_): An Introduction is on view at the Institute of Contemporary Arts on The Mall in London from February 12 until March 23
Inheritance Projects, a group of independent curators, are conducting research into the life and work of Jane Drew as part of New Cities, a long-term project supported by Vision Forum, Linköping University, Sweden.
Images courtesy of RIBA Library Photographs, Books & Periodicals Collection


How Do You Spell Queen?
What does Queen really mean?
1a : the wife or widow of a king.
b : the wife or widow of a tribal chief.
2a : a female monarch.
b : a female chieftain.
3a : a woman eminent in rank, power, or attractions a movie queen..
How do you spell?
What makes a woman a queen?
A Queen is someone who doesn't conform to what others thinks of her but takes advisement from others because she knows that she does not know all. A Queen is someone who's always looking out for the greater good of others. A Queen is also a warrior fighting for justice for her people.
What type of word is Queen?
noun. a female sovereign or monarch. the wife or consort of a king. a woman, or something personified as a woman, that is foremost or preeminent in any respect: a movie queen; a beauty queen; Athens, the queen of the Aegean.
What does Princess mean sexually?
A pillow princess is a slang phrase that describes someone, mostly an LGBTQ woman, who prefers to receive sexual stimulation more than they do to give it.
What is the full meaning of Princess?
1 archaic : a woman having sovereign power. 2 : a female member of a royal family especially : a daughter or granddaughter of a sovereign. 3 : the consort of a prince.
How do you spell daughter?
How do you spell Queen in English?
Correct spelling for the English word "queen" is [kwˈiːn], [kwˈiːn], [k_w_ˈiː_n] (IPA phonetic alphabet).
Why do British say H wrong?
Can you write cow in 13 letters?
So you can write "COW" in 13 Letters as "SEE-O-DOUBLEYOU". … 🐄 Cow can be spelled in 13 letters as SEE – O – DOUBLE – YOU.
How do you spell princess?
Correct spelling for the English word "princess" is [pɹˈɪnsɛs], [pɹˈɪnsɛs], [p_ɹ_ˈɪ_n_s_ɛ_s] (IPA phonetic alphabet).
What does Queen mean in a relationship?
Some women think being treated like a queen means to be constantly pampered and catered to. In a superficial relationship that's what it always means. In a real relationship, it does mean that on occasions. But what it really is: a deep and abiding respect, love and trust her man has for her.
What does Queen mean in Hebrew?
gĕberetTo further complicate matters, the word gĕberet (/ɡəbɛrɛt/; Hebrew: גְּבֶרֶת, also גְּבִרְת, gĕbirĕt, and גְבָרֶת, gĕbāret, meaning 'lady', 'mistress', or 'queen') occurs 9 times in the Masoretic Text.
What are the characteristics of a queen?
We explore 6 qualities of beauty queens that we can all learn from and apply to our own context as a _TAG_ in the office.Charisma. All beauty queens are very likeable, have good energy and exude charisma. … Confidence. … Charities. … Eloquent speech. … Beauty queens always look good. … A winning attitude.


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Equipping Members of the Radiant Life Christian Ministry in Nigeria for Biblical Mentoring
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This project seeks to equip members of the Radiant Life Christian Ministry in Nigerian to mentor Biblically. Chapter 1 presents the history and ministry context of RLCF and the goals of this project. Chapter 2 explains three passages of scriptures, Ruth 1-4, Mark 3:14, and Second Timothy 2:2, to show that when Christians are mentored biblically, the church becomes the leadership locus of the marketplace in any society. Chapter 3 presents the historical and current mentoring best practices principles. Chapter 4 describes the project itself, recounting the content and teaching methodology of the specific course curriculum. Chapter 5 evaluates the efficacy of the project based on the completion of specified goals. Ultimately, this project seeks to equip Christians with the boldness and skills needed to intentionally and consistently develop Christian leaders for the world's marketplace through mentoring.


Goqlath Castle was an ancient structure in Kol'Vat, which was the site of a famous Klingon battle. According to legend, the hero, Krim, slit the throats of the castle guards and led his forces into the fortress and captured it. Some believe it was in the stories of Goqlath Castle that the saying "four thousand throats may be cut in a single night by a running man" originated, though scholars believed the saying predated the conflict, and also that Goqlath Castle was not large enough to accomodate 40,000.
Goqlath Castle is also the name of a Klingon opera which relates the story of this battle. The opera is traditionally attributed to Emperor Sompek, and included the song "The Campaign at Kol'Vat". (TNG novel: Diplomatic Implausibility; KE novel: A Burning House)
the planet Qo'noS
landmarks and institutions Combat Testing CenterDu'HurghFederation Embassy on Qo'noSFlame Cliffs of KutabiGoqlath CastleGreat Domes of Qo'noSGreat HallHall of HeroesHall of HonorKilgore Landing BayKlingon Defense Force Command HeadquartersLukara EdificeMuseum of Military Triumph and ConquestOrion outpostPalace of KahlessPlace of HonorTactical CollegeTaklar TempleTemple of MolgarTemple of RogaxTengchaH JavThree Turn BridgeTlhIng Veng laboratoryR'kalla SquareVulcan Cuisine
nations and provinces KethaKhlaruMekro'vak


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UmAlQuraCalendar.ToFourDigitYear Method
Converts the specified year to a four-digit year by using the TwoDigitYearMax property to determine the appropriate century.
Namespace: System.Globalization
Assembly: mscorlib (in mscorlib.dll)
public override int ToFourDigitYear(
 int year
Type: System.Int32
A 2-digit year from 0 through 99, or a 4-digit Um Al Qura calendar year from 1318 through 1450.
Return Value
Type: System.Int32
If the year parameter is a 2-digit year, the return value is the corresponding 4-digit year. If the year parameter is a 4-digit year, the return value is the unchanged year parameter.
year is outside the range supported by this calendar.
The ToFourDigitYear method uses the year parameter, the TwoDigitYearMax property, and a year to calculate a 4-digit year. The century is determined by finding the sole occurrence of the 2-digit year parameter within that 100-year range. For example, if TwoDigitYearMax is set to 1429, the 100-year range is from 1330 through 1429. Therefore, a 2-digit value of 30 is interpreted as 1330, while a 2-digit value of 29 is interpreted as 1429.
If the TwoDigitYearMax property is the special value 99, the ToFourDigitYear method ignores the settings in the regional and language options in Control Panel and returns the year parameter unchanged.
The year parameter can be either a two-digit year or a four-digit year. If year is a two-digit year value (less than 100), the method converts year to a four-digit value according to the TwoDigitYearMax value representing the appropriate century. If year is a four-digit year value that is within the supported calendar range, the method returns year unchanged. If year is a four-digit value that is outside the supported calendar range, or if it is a negative value, the method throws an exception.
Supported in: 5, 4, 3
Silverlight for Windows Phone
Supported in: Windows Phone OS 7.1, Windows Phone OS 7.0
XNA Framework
Supported in: Xbox 360, Windows Phone OS 7.0
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Date of Degree
Document Type
Degree Name
Comparative Literature
John Brenkman
Paul Julian Smith
Committee Members
Bettina Lerner
Noel Carroll
Subject Categories
American Literature | American Popular Culture | Comparative Literature | Latin American Literature | Literature in English, North America | Modern Languages | Modern Literature
Literary Journalism, Latin American Literature, Mexican Studies, Fictionality, Theory of the Novel, Literary Nonfiction
This dissertation compares twentieth-century literary journalism from the U.S. and Mexico, with a focus on the nonfiction novel and the Mexican chronicle. The dissertation considers the two genres both historically and theoretically, in order to distinguish the borders between literature and unscrupulous journalism. North American journalism is at the heart of a crisis over the epistemological status of facts and their place in our political discourse. Some have argued that works of literary nonfiction can damage social norms like journalistic objectivity. Others argue that forms like the chronicle and the nonfiction novel can describe experience better than news reports. This dissertation engages with debates in and between the disciplines of history and theory of the novel, rhetorical and narrative studies of literature, philosophy of art and of literature, Latin American studies, Mexican studies and more, in order to investigate the boundaries of literature and journalism, art and representation, and fiction and fact.


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History enthusiasts converged to celebrate Puducherry's rich heritage at the vibrant Pondicherry Heritage Festival, immersing themselves in the town's cultural tapestry and colonial legacy.
As the scorching afternoon sun of Puducherry slowly descended, a group of avid history buffs gathered by Palais de Mahe, one of the town's prominent boutique hotels, to embark on a journey through the old town and delve into its unique and intriguing history.
Puducherry, once a French territory, holds significant historical value, making it imperative for residents and the government to educate visitors about the town's heritage and culture.
The Pondicherry Heritage Festival (PHF) serves as a crucial initiative in this endeavor. Over the past decade, citizens have united to raise awareness among locals and tourists about the importance of preserving the town's distinctive architecture and cultural heritage.
In recent years, tourists flocking to Puducherry for its charming cafes, scenic beaches, and colonial French architecture have shown a growing interest in the town's history, traditions, and local cuisine.
"You will find tour guides offering heritage walks at every corner on weekends. We have trained numerous individuals who now run their own private heritage tours," stated Ashok Panda, co-convener of INTACH's Puducherry chapter.
Ashok, actively involved in the restoration of colonial buildings in Puducherry for two decades, led a heritage walk as part of the Pondicherry Heritage Festival on March 1.
Commencing with a brief history lesson on French rule in India, Ashok highlighted the town's transformation post the 18th century wars between the French and British powers.
"Pondicherry was designed akin to a small French town, featuring narrow streets, frequent crossings, and prioritizing pedestrian traffic over vehicles," Ashok explained while navigating through the streets.
Despite lacking a natural deep-sea port, Puducherry's strategic significance to the French is evident through the construction of a jetty for docking ships and facilitating trade.
French influence pervades the old town, evident in its bilingual street signs and the architectural style of buildings. Notably, the Catholic Church's sisters of Cluny use one of the oldest standing buildings as their embroidery center, showcasing intricate French detailing and design.
Stringent design regulations govern new constructions in the old town, ensuring adherence to the aesthetic value and French architectural norms. Buildings are limited to two stories, with spacious interiors featuring high ceilings and open courtyards for ventilation, ideal for Puducherry's warm climate.
The heritage walk culminated with a visit to the Notre Dame des Anges Church, an architectural marvel with pink domes, vaulted ceilings, and exquisite stained-glass windows, standing as the town's oldest building since its construction in 1855.


text: This study aims to investigate the factors regulating population size and colony distribution of Adelie penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae) at Cape Hallett. Data was collected on Adelie penguin reproductive effort and chick condition including total number of adults, number of breeding pairs, number of active nests, number of territories, number of unknown, nests with 1 or 2 eggs, nests with 1 or 2... chicks and the number of creche chicks. Satellite transmitters and time depth recorders were used to track individual penguins at sea to determine their foraging areas and strategies during the breeding season. Regurgitated food samples were collected for analysis. Chicks were selected randomly and were weighed and had their flipper length measured to calculate a chick condition index which is comparable between years and between the rookeries. Feeding frequency and reproductive effort was determined from chick feeding observations.


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Meet Jason Walther, the farmer who grew the potatoes in your bag.
Farming As a Way of Life
As a third-generation member of the Walther family, Jason was just six years old when he realized his passion was, and always would be, farming. "Farming is a way of life and it becomes part of who you are," Jason said. Luckily, Jason has help from nine family members including siblings and cousins to grow the best quality potatoes for Kettle Brand potato chips. The family farmers also practice sustainable farming, implementing proper crop rotations that naturally enrich the farm's soil, including seeding 500 acres of land with a cover crop mixture every third year. By doing so, they provide valuable habitat for pollinators like the monarch butterfly, comma butterfly, eastern bumblebee and European honeybees.
When the Walthers aren't tending the taters and pollinators, they volunteer to serve their local community schools. The farmers pack more than 600 backpacks every week with food to help students in need.
- Kettle Brand Farmer Since: 2016
- Location: Three Rivers, MI


text:
Alabama Bronze Map
A Guide to the Images of the Bronze Map on the Lawn of the Alabama Department of Archives and History
33. King Cotton
Because cotton was Alabama's major cash crop from the antebellum period until well into the twentieth century, Alabama became known as the Cotton State.


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Leaked data has reportedly emerged indicating that Flight MS804 was on fire before it crashed, as smoke alarms were sounding for almost three minutes before it began its rapid descent.
The leaked data was filed through the Aircraft Communications Addressing and Reporting System (ACARS), a data link for sending messages between planes and ground facilities.
The new information suggests that a fire may have been on board the EgyptAir plane and is more likely reason for the crash than a bomb, although experts have not ruled out the use of an 'incendiary device'.
According to the leaked data, smoke alarms in the lavatory behind the cockpit first began sounding at 00.26GMT. Less than a minute later, smoke was also detected in the avionics [electronics].
The final two alerts from the plane indicate faults with the FCU – the flight control unit used by the pilot to input instructions into the flight computer – and the SEC 3 – the computer that controls the plane's spoilers and elevator computers.
An ACARS screen grab published by air industry website The Aviation Herald shows time stamps that appear to match the time the aircraft lost contact with controllers.
Meanwhile Egyptian officials have continue saying that they suspect terrorism, no group has yet come forward to claim credit as theories as to the cause of the crash continue to circulate.


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An historic bridge in Fulton County has been granted the distinction of being put on the National Register of Historic Places.
The Arkansas State Highway 289 Bridge over English Creek that is between Mammoth Spring and Saddle is now on the country's official list of historically significant properties, Arkansas Historic Preservation Program (AHPP) Director Frances McSwain announced Feb. 4.
The Pratt thru-truss bridge is an iron monster that takes a person's breath away as they approach it, but it is also architecturally beautiful with its serene, rural backdrop.
The bridge was built in 1929 by the Virginia Bridge and Iron Company to safely transport tourists across the creek as they went to see the large spring at Mammoth Spring.
The Pratt thru-truss bridge was designed in 1844 by Thomas and Caleb Pratt, according to the National Register of Historic Places registration form. Early truss bridges were made with wood, but this bridge is made from concrete and steel to carry heavy loads. The total structure length of the bridge is 153.8 feet with a Pratt thru-truss span of 122 feet.
"The Pratt thru-truss was a popular choice for bridges on Arkansas roads and highways throughout the early 20 century," according to the National Register nomination. "Since the bridge opened to traffic in 1929, it has remained in continuous use, and today, remains a vital transportation link in this rural part of Fulton County. It is also an excellent example of a Pratt thru-truss produced by the Virginia Bridge and Iron Company."
Other Arkansas properties that are now listed on the National Register of Historic Places include:
* The Mike Meyer Disfarmer Gravesite at Heber Springs in Cleburne County.
* The Earl Building at Morrilton in Conway County.
* Ridgeway Hotel Historic District at Monticello in Drew County.
* Southwestern Proving Ground Building No. 4 and No. 129 near Hope in Hempstead County.
* Ephesus Cemetery near Emmett in Nevada County.
* Little Rock to Cantonment Gibson Road -- Fourth Street Segment at Atkins in Pope County.
* Block 35 Cobblestone Alley and West Seventh Street Historic District at Little Rock in Pulaski County.
* Illinois River Bridge at Phillips Ford near Savoy in Washington County.
* Camden to Washington Road, Rosston Segment near Rosston in Nevada County.
* Dardnelle Historic District at Dardnelle in Yell County.
For more information on the National Register of Historic Places program, write to the AHPP at 1500 Tower Building, 323 Center St., Little Rock, AR 72201, call the agency at _PHONE_, send an e-mail to _EMAIL_ or go to the AHPP Web site at _URL_.


How to Use Second Life (SL)

Communicating - the Basics - through chat (text)
There are basically three ways to communication (via text) in Second Life. These are the basics:
 1. Local Chat This is where you talk to everyone in a 20m radius. Click on the communicate button on the bottom left of the screen and type what you want others to hear (read). If you click on the say/shout drop box (to the right of where you type), then anyone that is within 100m will hear what you have to say.
 2. Instant Message (IM) This is where you can have a one to one conversation with someone whever they are in Second Life, they don't have to be in the same location. To do this, if they are a friend, go to your friends list (on the left side of Local Chat is another tab called Contacts). Click on this tab and anyone that is online will have their name in bold. Click on their near and then click on Instant Message button and start talking. If someone's name is grey, that means they are not online - you can still send a message to them and they will get it next time they come online and if they have elected to receive IM emails when they are not online, they will receive an email containing the message (asynchronous communication).
 3. Group Chat When you join a group or a community you are able to communicate easily to group members in that group. Group chat is useful so that group members can talk to each other regardless of where they are. You can also receive group messages through emails if you elect to do so. To talk in group chat, if it is not already a tab on the Communications Window, go to your Contacts tab (to the left of Local Chat) and at the top, choose the groups tab. Then, select the group that you want to talk to and choose IM.
Communicating - through voice (audio)
 - Make sure your computer has a sound card, microphone and speakers. Test with music. Next, test your microphone. When you are confident these work, then you are able to enable sound in Second Life.
 - In Second Life, go to Edit/Preferences and the Audio tab. Click on Enable Voice. The window that you open will look like this:
Audio preferences
 - You can also click on the "Push-to-Talk in toggle mode" button. This means that you will only talk when you want to. This prevents feedback when more than one person's microphone is turned on. It is also Second Life ettiquite (one person talking at a time). You need to choose the key you want to toggle talking on and off. You may not have a "middle mouse" so choose a key that is not commonly used, otherwise when talking in chat mode (typing) you will be turning your microphone on and off all the time.
 - When audio is enabled, holding down the designated key turns your microphone on enabling you to speak.
 - Click on the Apply button and you will see a new tab on the bottom of your screen that looks like this:
Audio buttons
 - As an alternate to having a toggle button to use the microphone, you can use the "Talk" button on the Voice tab. When you hold down this button you are able to talk. The button will turn yellow when pressed - this let's you know it is working.
 - There is a lock button to the left of the "talk" button. Theis enables you to lock on/off the talking mode (microphone).
 - To two speach bubbles enables you to see who is speaking and the final button is the volume control.
© Sue Gregory

©_URL_


Small Static Caravan Sites | North-Wales | North Wales Caravans
Small static caravan sites in North Wales are often located in areas of outstanding natural beauty within a short distance of the coast. The Countryside Code benefits everyone using the countryside in the UK and North Wales, to enable you to get the most out of your visit. It is in place to give you helpful advice when planning your outing, to keep yourself and others safe and to ensure that the countryside remains a fabulous environment that everyone can enjoy. For example, many holiday makers who visit Sirior Bach Caravan Park near Abergele, make frequent visits out into the beautiful Welsh countryside and there are rules for ramblers, cyclists and dog walkers to follow.
Always consider other people and the local community
 - When out driving in the countryside, consider visitors and local people; don't block driveways and gateways, or pathways with your vehicle.
 - When driving a vehicle or riding a bike, slow down or stop for farm animals, walkers and horses and always ensure you give them room when passing.
 - If a farmer is moving his animals cooperate by keeping out of the way, follow any directions that the farmer gives you.
 - Busy traffic can be a hindrance on country roads to visitors, local people and wildlife so drive slowly and, if at all possible, leave your car at home; maybe cycle or take public transport.
Leave property and gates as you find them
 - If a farmer has left gates open so that his animals can reach food and water, ensure that you leave gates as you find them or look for information on any signs.
 - Always follow pathways unless there is a wider access such as on common ground. Never climb over fences, hedges and walls potentially causing damage; use gaps in boundaries, stiles or gates for access.
 - Never interfere with animals or machinery.
 Protect the natural environment around you
 - Take special care not to remove, destroy or damage any natural features such as trees, plants or rocks, which may be habitat for wildlife.
 - Left-over food and litter can be detrimental and dangerous to wildlife, so ensure that you always take your litter home with you to dispose of. Fires can be dangerous to habitats, wildlife and other people so take care when smoking outdoors and if using naked flames.
Always ensure that you keep your dogs under control at all times. If possible, keep on a lead or in your sight and make sure they don't stray off into an area where you have no right of access. There are certain rules that apply to dogs near to farm animals and, if near the coast, you may need to keep them on a lead so as not to disturb breeding birds. Pick up your dog's mess and dispose of it in a safe manner – in bins provided or take it home with you to dispose of correctly.
You are responsible for your own safety and of those in your care, especially children, so be prepared for any hazards – a sudden change in the weather or an unpredictable horse or farm animal.
The countryside is appealing around small static caravan sites in North Wales; wonderful places where you can get away from it all. So to ensure that everyone has an enjoyable, safe visit make sure you stick to the rules of the countryside code.
If you need any further information about staying safe during your time at such holiday parks as Whitehouse Leisure Park, Sirior Bach Caravan Park, Golden Gate Holiday Centre or any of the small caravan sites in North Wales, please feel free to contact us at North Wales Caravans.


text:
Peak power tracking for a solar buck charger
Author(s)Cohen, Jeremy Michael, M. Eng. Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science.
Jay Celani and David J. Perreault.
MetadataShow full item record
This thesis discusses the design, implementation, and testing of a buck converter with peak power tracking. The peak power tracker uses a perturb and observe algorithm to actively track the solar panel's peak power point and a global sweep algorithm accounts for startup and multiple local maxima. The tracker takes the place of the current mode loop in the converter's control scheme by providing a battery with peak charging current. A voltage mode loop is also designed to take over control from the tracker to complete the multi-loop structure. A solar panel simulator is designed to mimic the characteristics of an actual solar panel to allow careful testing of the tracking algorithms. A test circuit board is built and its operation is verified. Finally, the power extracting potential of the active tracking method from this thesis is compared to two simpler solar regulators.
Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2010.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.Includes bibliographical references (p. 91-92).
DepartmentMassachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science.; Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Electrical Engineering and Computer Science.


text: Sepsis remains a serious clinical problem despite intense efforts to improve survival. In this study, the efficacy of ertapenem combined with the cathelicidin tritrpticin was investigated in two rat models of septic shock. Main outcome measures were bacterial growth in blood, peritoneum, spleen, liver, and mesenteric lymph nodes; endotoxin, interleukin 6, and tumor necrosis factor α concentrations in plasma; and lethality. Adult male Wistar rats were given (1) an intraperitoneal injection of 1 mg Escherichia coli serotype 0111:B4 LPS or (2) intra-abdominal sepsis induced via cecal ligation and puncture. For each model, all animals were randomized to receive intraperitoneally isotonic sodium chloride solution, 1 mg/kg tritrpticin, 15 mg/kg ertapenem, and 1 mg/kg tritrpticin combined with 15 mg/kg ertapenem. Each group included 20 animals. All compounds significantly reduced bacterial growth and lethality as compared with saline treatment. Treatment with tritrpticin resulted in significant decrease in plasma endotoxin and cytokine levels, whereas ertapenem exerted opposite effect. The combination between tritrpticin and ertapenem proved to be the most effective treatment in reducing all variables measured. In conclusion, tritrpticin enhances ertapenem efficacy in gram-negative septic shock rat models.