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The term "porcelain" appears occasionally in the Git documentation. What does it mean?
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"Porcelain" is the material from which toilets are usually made (and sometimes other fixtures such as washbasins). This is distinct from "plumbing" (the actual pipes and drains), where the porcelain provides a more user-friendly interface to the plumbing.
Git uses this terminology in analogy, to separate the low-level commands that users don't usually need to use directly (the "plumbing") from the more user-friendly high level commands (the "porcelain").
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I think the answer makes sense to me, but then again, I'm assuming Linus was the one that coined the term, so I tend to adjust my brain to be a little more direct and crass when parsing his world. :) – Nick Klauer Oct 21 '11 at 4:16
Makes you wonder if Linus was imagining the potential streams of excrement his plumbing would be used to transport. Plumbing for open source code is a dirty job but someone's got to do it. – Evan Plaice Feb 18 '14 at 22:02
And a few of us feel that the actual git porcelain is more like a layer of paint over the plumbing. – hemflit Sep 20 '14 at 0:11
More importantly, the term "porcelain" applies to high-level commands, with output:
 - meant to be readable by human
 - not meant to be parsed
 - susceptible to changes/evolutions
That is key: if you script, you should use if possible plumbing commands, with stable outputs. Not porcelain commands.
However, you can use in script the output of a porcelain command which has a --porcelain option (see below), like:
git status --porcelain
git push --porcelain
git blame --porcelain
See "How do I programmatically determine if there are uncommitted changes?" as an example to using plumbing commands instead of porcelain ones.
Note: A porcelain command can have a --porcelain option.
For instance: git status --porcelain, which designates an output meant to be parsed.
The thread mentioned above details:
This is my fault, to some degree.
The "short-status" form is meant for human eyeballs, and was designed by Junio.
Some people wanted a scriptable status output, too, so I slapped a "--porcelain" on the same format that turns off configurable features like relative pathnames and colorizing, and makes an implicit promise that we won't make further changes to the format.
The idea was to prevent people from scripting around --short, because it was never intended to be stable.
So yeah, while --porcelain by itself is stable and scriptable, it is perhaps not the most friendly to parsers. The "-z --porcelain" format is much more so, and I would recommend it to anyone scripting around "git status"
That reflects the need, for git users, to using porcelain commands in their scripts!
But only with stable output (with --porcelain)
As commented by william-berg, the same goes for git push!
Produce machine-readable output.
The full symbolic names of the refs will be given.
As John Glassmyer proposes in the comments:
Perhaps the meaning of --porcelain here is "produce output suitable for consumption by porcelain scripts".
And that could be supported by the very first case of "--porcelain option" introduction
(before git status --porcelain, commit 6f15787, September 2009, git 1.7.0,
before git push --porcelain, commit 1965ff7, June 2009, git 1.6.4):
git blame --porcelain:
Show in a format designed for machine consumption.
Commit b5c698d, October 2006, git 1.4.4
The new option makes the command's native output format to emit output that is easier to handle by Porcelain.
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+1 Nice answer, in particular for pointing out the oddity with git status --porcelain! – Mark Longair Aug 8 '11 at 8:41
_USER_: yes, that one kind of boggles my mind... – VonC Aug 8 '11 at 9:16
_USER_: thank you for the edits :) – VonC Mar 20 '12 at 16:42
I notice git push has a similarly anomalous machine-readable --porcelain. – william.berg May 1 '13 at 11:15
Perhaps the meaning of --porcelain here is "produce output suitable for consumption by porcelain scripts". – John Glassmyer Dec 5 '13 at 20:48
The coinage and usage of the term "porcelain" in git was actually by Mike Taht, while otherwise losing a heated argument with Linus Torvalds.
In fact, one of my hopes was that other SCM's could just use the git plumbing.
But then I'd really suggest that you use "git" itself, not any "libgit". Ie you take all the plumbing as real programs, and instead of trying to link against individual routines, you'd script it.
If you don't want it, I won't do it.
Still makes sense to separate the plumbing from the porcelain, though.
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Interesting. +1. My own answer above is from using the product, but your link references what seems to be the origin of that term. – VonC Dec 8 '13 at 9:38
Porcelain is cute name for programs and program suites depending on core git, presenting a high level access to core git. Porcelains expose more of a SCM interface than the "plumbing".
--Porcelain, Git Wiki
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Porcelain commands are designed for human consumption, as opposed to commands whose output is easy for computers to parse. git status would be one example.
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"Porcelain"... "for human consumption"... I can eat glass. (just kidding / noting mixed metaphor for anyone who may be easily confused) – ajm475du Apr 6 '14 at 15:20
Greg Hewgill's answer is exactly correct. Note that there are alternative porcelains available for Git, including Easy Git, yap, pyrite, and vng. Each is intended to make Git easier to learn/use for some part of the community. Links to all of these projects is on the Easy Git page: _URL_
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Explain Uses of Alkane
Uses of Alkane:
Alkanes are series of saturated hydrocarbons including methane, ethane, propane, and higher members.
(i) Mostly used as a fuel in solid, liquid and gaseous state.
(ii) As a solvent, slippering substance.
(iii) Production of fertilizer & as a fuel.
(iv) For the manufacture of methyl alcohol, formaldehyde, methyl chloride from methane.
(v) Ethane is used in the preparation of ethyl alcohol, ethyl chloride etc.
(vi) Carbon particles which are found from the heat decomposition of methane and yielding H2 gas is used in hydrogenation.
(vii) Used as a fuel of cooking as L.P. Gas.
(viii) Carbon particles are used as printing ink, shoe polish etc.
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Veterans are a sizable and policy-relevant demographic group in the United States, yet little is known about their economic well-being. Although having a work-limiting disability is known to be associated with material hardship, no known study compares material hardship between veteran households and nonveteran households or investigates whether work-limiting disability moderates the association between veteran status and material hardship. This study uses data from the Survey of Income and Program Participation to examine how household work-limiting disability status moderates the relationship between veteran status and the likelihood of material hardship. Results suggest the following: nondisabled-veteran households report lower or equivalent levels of material hardship than do households with no veteran or disabled member; regardless of whether a veteran is present, households that include a disabled person have higher levels of every type of hardship than other households do; and disabled-veteran households experience statistically significantly more hardship than nondisabled-veteran households do.
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Sociology and Political Science

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Generating Cubemaps from Spherical Maps using 3ds Max
Written by: Pablo Vezzini, KiSP Technical Services
This guide explains how to generate cube maps from spherical maps with 3DS Max®. You can use these cube maps to make a cubemap or to view in virtual reality with Yulio.
Step 1: In 3ds Max, open the "Environments and Effects" dialog. (Rendering > Environment or shortcut 8)
Step 2: Click and add the spherical map you want to convert as the new "Environment Map"
Step 3: Create any object and make sure it's positioned at the origin of the scene [ 0,0,0 ]
Step 4: Create a new Standard Material
Step 5: Add a Reflect/Refract Map to the diffuse channel
Step 6: Set up the following options for the Reflect/Refract Map:
– Source: From File
– Size: 1536 or other
– Use Environment Map: On
– Blur: Off
– Select Save Path
Step 7: Set up "Default Scanline Renderer" as the Production renderer in the Render Setup Dialog
Step 8: Select "Pick Object and Render Maps" and then click the object in the scene
Step 9: Now you have the maps to create the final image: filename_LEFT, filename_RIGHT, filename_TOP, filename_BOTTOM, filename_FRONT, filename_BACK
Step 10: Assemble the cubemaps in Photoshop in the following format to create a cubemap
Step 11: Assemble a cubemap in Photoshop by duplicating this cube map and stitching them together in the format below. You can view this scene in virtual reality by uploading this cubemap to Yulio.
Sign in to your account at _URL_ to create your VR project using this cubemap. Check out our article on creating VR projects for more information!
Check out our YouTube channel for more info & tutorials.


Home » News » World
Love stories of Indian soldiers, who fought World War I to appear in film
Wednesday, 9 July 2014 - 11:32am IST | Place: New Delhi | Agency: PTI
 - dna Research & Archives
Heartwarming stories, including romantic ones, about Indian soldiers who fought in the First World War as part of the British Army, culled from archives and personal testimonies, feature in a new documentary.
The upcoming feature-length film "Mademoiselle France Pleure" (Miss France is in tears) attempts to piece together the lesser known fact about the 1.4 million Indian soldiers and civilian workers who came to France and Belgium to defend France's freedom against invasion.
"The soldiers faced various hardships, casualties and diseases in the war. The feature-length documentary attempts to show their specific situations within the British Army and hospitals," says Vijay Singh, an Indian filmmaker and novelist based in Paris.
Singh, who has shot critically acclaimed feature films like "Jaya Ganga" and "One Dollar Curry" in the past was here recently to announce the project and firm up plans to shoot in countries including India, France, Austria and Belgium.
"Everybody remembers India's freedom struggle, but very few or in fact nobody would remember the contribution made by Indian soldiers during the World War I about the role played by Indian soldiers during the World War I," says Singh.
The filmmaker attempts to show various tragicomic situations faced by the French and the British while feeding Indian soldiers according to their strict religious beliefs and the hospitality of French hostesses, which won the hearts of Indian soldiers during their convalescence in French barns.
With the initiative of the French government and embassy, Singh, says he has been successful in gathering testimonies from the archives and descendents, in France, India, Belgium and UK of the brave soldiers out of which 10,000 did not even return home.
There are accounts of the soldiers who fell in love with French women during their stay in France and had children with them.
"In one such camp when the Indian soldiers were going to the battlefield, the French women carried placards which read - "Miss France in Tears", says Singh explaining the title of his documentary.
Singh's film also features a 71-year-old woman whose grandfather was an Indian. The woman's narrative is among the numerous interviews, which make up the documentary. A part of the feature film was shot in Chamba, Uttarakhand where the "Gabbar Singh Negi Mela" is still held every year on April 21, for the past 94 years with assistance from the Chatwal Regiment of the Indian Army.
The filmmaker has interviewed people who recount that the French were spellbound when they saw the Sikh soldiers combing their hair or tying their turbans and the spectacle of Indian soldiers having a bath in between two trains or even the khaki shorts they donned.
"What astonished the French was the huge cavalry and cattle that the Indian regiment had arrived with. Special costumes that were nothing but long leggings arranged for the Gorkhas made them look like minions," Singh says.
The upcoming documentary is set to include a high profile ceremony of the Neuve Chapelle Battle Memorial (a memorial which has been set up to pay tribute to the Indian soldiers in France) in 2015.
"It would be a ceremony to commemorate 100 years of the World War I. The event would be marked by a parade and different events to commemorate the historic day (July 14) when World War 1 began" Singh says.
The soldiers wrote about their experiences in around 600 letters when they were in hospitals, records of which are maintained in the Haryana Academy of Art and Culture. "Soldiers used to send one rupee from their monthly salary to the academy, which went towards education of students," says the filmmaker. Singh says he researched for the past three years for the film, which is set to be made in various languages and would be produced by France Television.
"Not many pictures have been available of the Indian soldiers except the ones from the hospitals where King George V had gone to visit them," Singh says. Singh has used rare film footage, photographs, portraits, Indian war songs, sound recordings, interviews with the descendants of the soldiers.
"This is a remarkable example of what India and France can do together. The history of both the countries is not known in detail and this documentary will promote the relationship between both the countries," says an official from the French Embassy, where Singh showed some photographs from his upcoming film at an event recently.
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Definition of incessable
The word "incessable" uses 10 letters: abceeilnss.
INCESSABLE is playable in:
a. - Unceasing; continual. 2
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Words formed by adding one letter
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SPOKANE, Wash. — It probably will not come as a surprise to many people that the hazardous air quality in Spokane is breaking records.
The air quality index hit 479 out of 500 on Sunday, according to records from the Spokane Regional Clean Air Agency. On Saturday, measurements indicated that number was 368 at its peak — which is still well within the hazardous range.
That's the worst air quality reported in at least two decades.
As of Tuesday morning, the air quality index is sitting at 322 out of 500. This is the fourth day in a row that Spokane air quality has been in the hazardous quality.
According to the agency, the highest number on the air quality index before the past weekend was 257 on Aug. 19, 2018. That year was one of the smokiest on record in Spokane.
The last time Spokane saw air quality above the moderate range was on Aug. 7, 2019, when it fell into the unhealthy for some groups category.
The data from the Spokane Clean Air lists every day since 1999 that air quality was above the moderate range due to wildfire smoke or other factors. The agency began monitoring these numbers shortly after the Environmental Protection Agency established a health-based standard for fine particle pollution.
On Sunday, the 24-hour average for air quality in Spokane was more than 13 times the health-based standard outlined by the EPA. For some added context, the 24-hour average in Spokane following the eruption of Mount St. Helens was estimated to be 100 times the health-based standard at that time.
Some KREM viewers have asked what happens if the air quality index soars above 500. Lisa Woodward, a spokesperson for Spokane Clean Air, said values above that number are considered beyond the AQI since it is set from 0 to 500. People should continue to follow recommendations for the hazardous category, she added.
In the current conditions, everyone should avoid or limit time outdoors, Woodard said.
Air quality in Spokane is expected to remain at unhealthy levels until the weekend.
Charlotte Dewey, a meteorologist with the National Weather Service's Office in Spokane, said a weak system moving through on Monday may improve conditions a bit but forecasters are not expecting any major changes. Poor ventilation combined with active wildfires will cause smoke to remain trapped near the surface.
Woodard said residents should expect readings in the hazardous range through Tuesday. Hourly updates from the agency are available online.
The better chance for improvement in the air quality will come on Friday and into the weekend when a weather system should bring the Spokane area some rain and begin to clear out the smoke, forecasters said. Air quality in Spokane may improve slightly from hazardous to unhealthy levels ahead of the weekend.
An Air Quality Alert was issued for all of Washington state on Thursday. It has since been extended through noon on Friday for Spokane and surrounding areas.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


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Indigenous Community Liaison Officer» search for more Jobs
Indigenous community liaison officers liaise with Indigenous communities and the state or territory police forces in order to establish and maintain positive relationships. Indigenous community liaison officers usually have limited police powers, although in certain circumstances they may assist police officers with law enforcement tasks such as arrest, search and detainment. This type of position will involve shift work, weekend and public holiday work, with positions in urban and rural communities. Having an Aboriginal or Torres Straight Islander background is encouraged. The number of positions available is growing, but is dependant on the number of Indigenous Australians and police in an area, as well as community funding.
Roles of an Indigenous Community Liaison Officer include:
- Developing and maintaining contacts between the police and the local Indigenous communities to strengthen cooperation and communication between the parties
- Improving community knowledge about police services and law and order issues
- To advise, assist and educate police officers on cross-cultural awareness, potential crime and disorder areas and how to address these issues in order to improve relations
- Represent and advocate for Indigenous people at committee meetings and juvenile hearings
- Aid Indigenous recruitment, retention, career management and development strategies
Due to the level of involvement with police and the power bestowed on an individual by the role, it is essential that a person in this position have a sound character, an acceptable traffic/criminal record, be medically fit, have good communication skills, understanding of Indigenous cultures, and enjoy working with people.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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COVID-19 Quick View: Remote Learning Guidance & Resources
Creating Student Groups at LPS Richmond
Sophia Thomas, teacher, explains her strategy for creating learning groups.
Transcript: Sophia Thomas: When I do the group, I'm looking at a couple of things. I'm looking at the data on my teacher dashboard. I'm looking at the planner. I'm also checking out what kids are doing for homework. I generally try to pull kids that are in the general same area. You'll find out they're from several different groups. It's like creating little experts that go back to their team and spill that knowledge.


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MALE aggression only develops if the female hormone oestrogen is present, say researchers at the Kochi Medical School in Japan.
A team led by Katsumi Toda found that male mice engineered to lack aromatase, an enzyme that converts male hormones to oestrogen, showed no aggression when other mice invaded their territory.
Their aggressive behaviour was partly restored if they were given oestrogen supplements starting soon after birth. But if the oestrogen was given seven days after birth, aggression did not return. The findings will appear in the
"[Oestrogen] may be even more important before birth to sustain aggressive behaviour," Toda says.
To continue reading this article, subscribe to receive access to all of newscientist.com, including 20 years of archive content.


Lynelle M. Weldon
Lynelle M. Weldon
Title: Associate Professor of Mathematics
Office Location: Haughey Hall 125
Phone: _PHONE_
Ph.D. University of California, Davis
M.A. University of California, Davis
B.S. Pacific Union College
Lynelle Weldon loves explaining math concepts, looking for creative illustrations to help students organize their math ideas, and exploring the connections between math and Christianity. She believes in the vital importance of connecting with God. Lynelle and her husband, Jerry, are from Northern California, and both enjoy having quiet times, flying, playing piano, and hiking.
Current Research or Professional Activities
Cohomology of graded associative and Lie algebras; mathematics education


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VANCOUVER — Over the past few years, as Vancouverites dramatically ramped up their urban composting, some doomsayers predicted that putting out thousands of bins of rotting food would bring a reckoning of vermin upon the city.
Last Friday, their worst fears appeared to be confirmed when children at a downtown daycare showed up to find their playground overrun by compost-eating rats.
As of Wednesday, children at Beach YMCA Child Care were still being kept indoors for fear of them encountering one of several dozen rodents still darting around the area.
"It will remain closed until we are confident the pests have been dealt with," said Kelly Walker, spokeswoman for the Greater Vancouver YMCA, in an email to the
The culprit was the privately operated community garden next door. For months, food and plant waste had accumulated in a bank of six large plastic composters set up only a few metres from a chain link fence surrounding the daycare. On Thursday evening, a rat tipping point was apparently reached, prompting YMCA officials to alert the City of Vancouver.
"We're taking care of it," said Albert Shamess, director of solid waste with the City of Vancouver, moments before addressing a Wednesday afternoon press conference at the compost site, which has since been surrounded by city safety barriers.
For three days, Mr. Shamess' crews had trucked away the offending compost and laid out traps for the rats. Nevertheless, on Wednesday a hearty population continued to scamper around the waste.
Although Beach YMCA Child Care's plight is among the more dramatic rat invasions to strike Downtown Vancouver, it is symptomatic of a city-wide surge in rat populations.
"There's been a drastic increase … it's very noticeable," said Patrick McLaughlin, owner of Vancouver's Mantis Pest Control.
For him, the main rat attractor appears to be compost; large, backyard composters or City of Vancouver green bins.
"My customers are telling me they've never seen rats before, and now they see the rats around the composters," said Mr. McLaughlin. When night falls, he says, they report "rats all over their backyard."
As part of a push to divert all organic waste from area landfills by 2015, in May 2013 Vancouver began requiring residents to deposit all food waste in municipal green bins that are picked up weekly.
Within a few weeks, the hot summer temperatures were already generating complaints about odour, flies, maggots and rats. "Certainly, it may turn some [residents] off. We just hope they tough it through," Mr. Shamess told Postmedia in June, 2013.
Mike Londry, owner of Westside Pest Control Ltd., is less sure that blame for the increased rat presence can be pinned solely on sloppy composters.
Vancouver had an unusually dry winter, for one. With the city's rats spending less time sheltering from the rain, they had much more time to eat, breed and "thrive," said Mr. Londry.
Residents in the eco-conscious city are much less likely to dispatch rat populations with liberal quantities of poison, and Vancouver's many housing demolitions are regularly sending long-settled rat colonies on the hunt for new territory.
For more than 20 years, Michael Levenston has run the Vancouver Compost Demonstration Garden. He suspects the Burrard Bridge composters were undone by a combination of neglect and passersby using the public bins as impromptu garbage receptacles.
"If no one's taking care of that, you're going to have problems," he said.


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For generations, the second born child of the Lion King has always been the leader of the Lion Guard; a team of animals whose duty is to protect the Pride Lands and the Circle of Life. Another reason why the second-born child of the Lion King is the leader of the Lion Guard is because they possess the Roar of the Elders; an intensely powerful roar that is bestowed on them by the Great Lions of the Past.
The first lion to be bestowed the power of the Roar was Askari, the second born son of one of the previous Lion Kings.
Generations later, Askari's descendant, Scar was leader of the Lion Guard and was blessed with the power of the Roar, however, after Scar after got bitten by a cobra, the venom in his body started to corrupt him, making him more prone to anger and irrational impulses as he let the power go to his head to the point where he believed he was worthier of being king than his older brother, Mufasa. He tried to get his Lion Guard to help him overthrow Mufasa and take the throne. When the rest of the Lion Guard refused, Scar destroyed them using the Roar. However, because he used the Roar for evil, Scar lost it and the abilities it gave him forever, resulting in him becoming weakened and even more determined to kill Mufasa and become king himself.
When Mufasa became king, he only had one child named Simba. Because of this, many Pride Landers believed that the Roar and the Lion Guard were gone forever. However, after overthrowing his uncle and becoming king, Simba had two children: Kiara and Kion. Being the second-born, Kion inherited the Roar and assembled the new Lion Guard, but vowed not to use it for evil as his great-uncle did.
During his final battle against the ghost of Scar, Kion is bitten and poisoned by Ushari. The venom inside Kion caused him to constantly lose control of the Roar, leading the Lion Guard to go on a journey to the Tree of Life. Once healed, Kion realized the Roar doesn't determine his identity and is willing to let it go. This willingness made Kion qualified to learn how to master the Roar completely. Under Askari's spirit's guidance, Kion trained his Roar and it became far more powerful than before, allowing him to swiftly defeat Makucha's army and help him and his friends in taking a shorter route to the Pride Lands.
When Kion and his friends are back to the Pride Lands, conflict arise between them and Vitani and her team over who should be the Lion Guard. The two teams decided to settle it through a competition. However, in the final round between Kion and Vitani, Kion decides to relinquish his role to Vitani after she proved herself worthy by bravely challenging him without needing the Roar. Kion bestowed Vitani with the Roar, allowing her to use it. Askari then appeared and stated that Kion had truly mastered the Roar. Kion demonstrated his mastery of the Roar by using it to lift Pride Rock. He then decided to use the Roar to protect the Tree of Life together with his friends, becoming its protector and King, and finally returning the Roar to its true home and proper place in the Circle of Life.
List of Known Powers and Abilities
- Sonic Roar: When the leader of the Lion Guard uses the Roar of the Elders, deceased lions roar along with him/her, instilling real power in their Roar. With this roar, he/she has flattened plains, held floods back and torn down rock-slides. The Roar is so powerful that it can actually kill the user's opponents if they willed it, such as when Scar used it to destroy his own Lion Guard when they refused to help him overthrow Mufasa.
- Mark of the Guard: Whoever the leader of the Lion Guard chooses to become part of his/her team, he/she marks them with a roaring lion head, symbolizing their positions as members of the Lion Guard, when the leader of the Lion Guard inherits the Roar of the Elders; a lion head automatically appears on his/her left shoulder. The leader can also bestow their own tittle as the Fiercest and the Roar of the Elders to another lion to be their successor, this also cause all the other marks on the Predecessor's Lion Guard to disappear and normally cause the original leader to loose the Roar. However since Kion mastered the Roar he was able to keep it.
- Precision: In "Never Roar Again", it is revealed that the Roar can be used to hit precise targets. For example, when Makuu and his float took Nala hostage, she encouraged Kion to use the Roar. When he did, instead of using the Roar on everything, he controlled it to only take out the crocodiles holding Nala before turning on Makuu and the rest of the float.
- Soul/Spiritual Summoning: The Roar can also be used to summon the lion spirits of the past like Mufasa. However, when used out of anger, the Roar is capable of summoning the evil lion spirits from their afterlife, though the effect won't work unless a bakora staff is engulfed in a fire and roared upon by the user. In "The Rise of Scar", Kion was tricked into summoning Scar over a volcano when he uses the Roar raging against Janja threatening of his family. After evil spirits are summoned, they are capable of acting on their own accord, not needing to be called on by the user.
- Atmokinesis: The Roar is also capable of manipulating the weather to the user's wishes.
- Hyetokinesiss: In "Lions of the Outlands", when Zira told Kion to use his roar on a cloud, it produced a rain cloud over Jasiri's watering hole. He uses this same feature again "Swept Away", "Battle for the Pride Lands", and "Journey to the Pride Lands". However, these rains only last for a short while. While the Roar can produce rain when the user roars at clouds, the rains are very brief, but can be powerful enough to create floods.
- Aerokinesis: In "Triumph of the Roar", it is revealed that the Roar can create a whirlwind attacks like producing tiny twisters to pick up objects.to lift objects from the ground. Kion used this ability to help carry Beshte and Bunga in order to defeat Makucha's army's biggest assault. In the next episode, he uses it to transport Bunga, Beshte, Jasiri, Janja, and himself across a dried ravine.
- Electrogenesis: In "Triumph of the Roar", Kion uses the Roar to summon a bolt of lightning to free Makini and the Night Pride from inside the Tree of Life after Beshte failed to push a large boulder aside himself. Near the end of "Journey to the Pride Lands", lightning creates a hole in a huge stone dam not far from the Pride Lands.
- Geokinesis: In addition to causing earthquakes, the Roar can create pillars and rifts in the earth. Kion was also able to lift Pride Rock with no difficulty. If blasted on a volcano, it will cause an eruption that will cause mass destruction in the process.
- Evil Deeds: If the leader of the Lion Guard ever uses the Roar of the Elders for evil, he/she will lose this power permanently.
- Rage: If the leader of the Lion Guard ever uses the Roar of the Elders in anger, he/she will temporarily lose control of the Roar and he/she could unintentionally hurt or even kill someone, as well as accidentally summon evil lion spirits.
- Accidental Natural Disasters: If the Roar is used in anger or not it can cause natural disasters by accident, like volcanic eruptions or earthquakes. In "The Accidental Avalanche", Kion accidentally started an avalanche while using the Roar on a mountain.
- Duration: The Roar of the Elders can't last long when used prolong, which could exhaust the user as seen in "Journey to the Pride Lands" when Kion tried to hold water in place for how long using the Roar.
- The first mention of this ability was in the book Hear Me Roar!.
- According to the Disney Life app, the Roar can be heard up to five miles away. (That is the same distance as a regular roar by a fully grown lion.)
- When Kion uses the Roar, he always tells everyone to get behind him as to avoid hurting them.
- "David Oyelowo to Voice 'Scar in Disney Jr's Animated Series THE LION GUARD". BroadWayWorld.com (June 23, 2017).


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Can Grow Up to 48 Inch Deep Roots
Cutting Edge Grass Seed is designed to grow roots up to 48 inches deep. This deep, groundwater-seeking root structure gives Cutting Edge Grass Seed more endurance during dry conditions.
The EPA estimates that, in the United States, landscape irrigation accounts for nearly one third of all residential water usage, totaling over 7 billion gallons per day.* But an established, deep root system is one of the best ways to avoid constant watering and increase the chance of grass survivability.
Once Cutting Edge Grass Seed is fully germinated, you should stimulate additional root growth to achieve a healthy root system by giving your grass enough water to survive but not too much. Less frequent, deeper watering encourages your roots to seek water. As drought occurs and the water table drops beneath the soil, the roots will seek groundwater in deeper soil containing more moisture. Be sure to monitor the health of the grass as you train the roots to grow deep.
Click here for complete instructions on stimulating additional root growth.
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Agency for statistic of Bosnia and Herzegovina is publishing data on innovation activity of enterprises referring to the period 2016-2018, obtained through the biennial survey on innovation activities of enterprises in Bosnia and Herzegovina (INOV). The Survey was carried out on the sample consisting of 3.116 enterprises, with the response rate of enterprises, which completed the questionnaire of 67.8%.
Innovation-active enterprises are those that, in the observation period, have had completed product or process innovation activities and/or ongoing innovation activities at the end of 2018 and/or abandoned innovation activities and/or in-house research and development activities and/or contract-out research and development activities. Innovation activities in the observation period may result in innovation, be ongoing, delayed or abandoned
Out of the total number of enterprises, 35.6% introduced at least one of the above innovation activities in the observation period 2016-2018. In the same observation period, 64.4 % of enterprises have not implemented innovative activities.
Innovation activity of enterprises increases as their size increases. Thus, 59.4% of enterprises in the observed number of large enterprises (250 employees and more) were innovation-active, 46.6% in the observed number of medium enterprises (between 50 and 249 employees), while 31.5% of enterprises in the group of small enterprises (between 10 and 49 employees) were innovation-active
By section of the Classification of Economic Activities 2010, which in its content and structure fully complies with the Statistical Classification of Economic Activities of the EU, NACE Rev.2, the largest number of innovation-active enterprises was recorded in the section Information and communication, 63.9%, and the least innovative enterprises was recorded in the section Mining and quarrying, 17.


text:
Editor's note: The following article was contributed by Mark Connor and Tim Green of the U.S. Department of Labor. The content may be edited for clarity, style and length. Find more information at _URL_
Transitioning out of the military can leave you with a lot of unanswered questions. You many be wondering:
- How can I find a new job that compliments my skills and interests?
- Where can I find free local resources?
- How can I prepare for applying and interviewing for jobs?
- What benefits are available at my new job, and how do they differ from my military benefits?
- Am I on target to meet my retirement and other savings goals?
- How can I balance competing goals for my savings ― like college savings, a new car or retirement?
Here are some resources to get you started on finding answers:
1. Veterans' Employment and Training Service
The Labor Department's Veterans' Employment and Training Service, or VETS, can help prepare you for a civilian career, including employment and transition assistance. Visit veterans.gov or download the department's free Employment Assistance Workshop eBook. From planning your transition to finding civilian employment to researching local labor markets, these resources will help you plot your path.
2. Employee Benefits Security Administration
Check out publications, worksheets and online tools from the department's Employee Benefits Security Administration, or EBSA. These can help you learn about saving for retirement, making the most of your private sector employer's benefits and financial planning.
3. Department of Veterans Affairs
The Department of Veterans Affairs can provide a lot of assistance to transitioning service members. And they can help you make the most of your retirement benefits if you take a position within the federal government.
4. Labor Department webcast
This Labor Department webcast can also be a valuable tool. Representatives from VETS, EBSA, the VA and the Certified Financial Planner Board of Standards provide information to help you find employment, employee benefits and financial planning resources.


it adds the reduction phase (nThreads * Nbins) Read-Modify-Write operations.
Consider modifying the #12 method to constrict the thread updates to cache line instead of bin:
integer, parameter :: CachLineSizeBytes = 64 ! This may change for future CPUs
integer, parameter :: nBinsPerCacheLine = CachLineSizeBytes / sizeof(hist(1)) ! consider adding hist_t
...
!$omp parallel private(nThreads, iThread, bin)
nThreads = omp_get_num_threads()
iThread omp_get_thread_num()
do i=1,N
 bin=nint(matrix(i)/dr)
 if(iThread == mod(bin / nBinsPerCacheLine, nThreads)) hist(bin)=hist(bin)+1
enddo
!$omp end parallel
Note, from your post #1 you have 4 hardware threads. Therefore your system will, for even distribution of bin hits, experience 4 reads for each read/modify/write. Larger numbers of threads will have nThreads reads per read/modify/write and may not necessarily benefit from the redundant read technique of this method. An 8-socket Xeon Platinum could provide for 448 threads, and thus the redundant read might not be effective.
An additional technique might be:
!$omp parallel private(nThreads, iThread, bin)
nThreads = omp_get_num_threads()
iThread omp_get_thread_num()
PartitionSize = max(Nbins / nThreads, 1)
do i=1,N
 bin=nint(matrix(i)/dr)
 if(iThread == mod(bin / PartitionSize, nThreads)) hist(bin)=hist(bin)+1
enddo
!$omp end parallel
The whole point of this length discussion is not to simply show you the most efficient way, rather to teach you how to discover the most efficient way for the system under test.
Jim Dempsey
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Thank you for all the help. I
Thank you for all the help. I will play around with all these. You are indeed right, in questions like this it's better to show people (me) how to solve the problem rather than just present the solution as if by magic.
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Like in any sketch code
Like in any sketch code presented on these forums, some things are assumed of the reader. In my sketch code above, it is assumed that the array hist is aligned to a cache line boundary. When (if) you run a test:
!DIR$ ATTRIBUTES ALIGN: 64:: hist
Generally one places the alignment directive immediately preceding the variable declaration.
Jim Dempsey
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Take the 2-minute tour ×
What is the origin of scut in scut work?
According to Merriam-Webster,
scut work: routine and often menial labor
Probably from medical argot, scut meaning 'junior intern'
First known use: circa 1962
Usage example:
... women who generally feel that they are second-class citizens in the medical profession -- unappreciated and directed by (mostly male) doctors to perform largely scut work.
This ngram shows that scut work was not used before 1960 when it took hold as medical jargon. It supports the idea that the term was not already in general use and subsequently popularized in hospitals, rather that it originated there.
Scut work
This returns us to the medical coinage. Could it be related to meaning (2) in the OED?
1. the short tail of a hare, rabbit, or deer.
2. (inf. chiefly Irish) a person perceived as foolish, contemptible, or objectionable.
There is another theory that it is derived from Oxford University servants called scouts, but I consider this unlikely given the US origin of scut work.
share|improve this question
Der... I don't think it's likely to derive from anything other than OED:2, which seems about as transparent as any word usage can be. Possibly that definition itself came from association of rabbits with simpletons (rabbits are dumb), or with lowly peasants (who would eat more rabbit than other meat). – FumbleFingers Jul 28 '11 at 14:23
4 Answers 4
up vote 3 down vote accepted
In the Wiktionary scutwork entry, one of the references, Medical meanings: a glossary of word origins, suggests either scuttle, or OE scitan (excrement) as possible origins of the scut in scutwork. I think scitan is plausible; note from the etymology of shit:
Noun use for "obnoxious person" is since at least 1508
Wiktionary also suggests for scut as "contemptible person" that the etymology may be from the obsolete sense of scout, which Etymonline explains:
"to reject with scorn," c.1600, of Scandinavian origin (cf. O.N. skuta, skute "taunt"), probably from a source related to shout.
I think you're probably right that meaning (2) of scut is more closely related to scutwork, but note that calling someone contemptible doesn't have to be unrelated to meaning (1) as in the quotations in Wiktionary, or, for example, this 1907 story:
"Don't understand me?" roared the farmer. "What have you done to my darter, you scut, sitting there preening of yersel, like a silly peacock in the sun?"
The angry man approached the bed swiftly, and, seizing Aubrey's pyjama-clad shoulder in a massive fist, thrust his hairy face within an inch of his victim's nose.
"What have you been doin' to my lass?" he roared again. "Now d'yew onderstand me?"
"W-what has she been telling you?" Aubrey was horribly frightened.
"Summat that made me sware you shouldn't leave this house till you'm man and wife all raight and praper accordin' to law."
share|improve this answer
I'm quite impressed with wiktionary's entry actually. I like the quotations. Here are two more, from Ulysses: "God speed you, scut!" and "Mean bloody scut." – z7sg Ѫ Jul 28 '11 at 21:15
This is not a definitive answer, because all the sources I checked say the origin is not known. But I suspect it probably comes from scuttle, because doing the dishes is the archetypal form of "scut" work, and as Etymonline shows us:
scuttle (n.) "bucket," O.E. scutel "dish, platter," from L. scutella "serving platter," dim. of scutra "flat tray, dish," perhaps related to scutum "shield" (see hide (n.1)). A common Gmc. borrowing from Latin (cf. O.N. skutill, M.Du. schotel, O.H.G. scuzzila, Ger. Schüssel). Meaning "basket for sifting grain" is attested from mid-14c.; sense of "bucket for holding coal" first recorded 1849.
share|improve this answer
I think the ngram I've posted in the question goes against this theory because scut work only really exists from 1960 onwards. – z7sg Ѫ Jul 28 '11 at 20:32
+1 I strongly suspect it came from coal scuttle. – Brock Adams Mar 17 '13 at 10:07
"Scut work" was in use at least as early as 1950. From The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine, Volume 22:
... menial tasks commonly known as the "scut work."
Given the general manners of the time, it seems unlikely that this would be used too pejoratively.
James Joyce's, Finnegans Wake (1939) also refers to a character as a "scutfrank" -- which has been interpreted to mean someone who does menial tasks.
share|improve this answer
"Some common unfinished task".
share|improve this answer
Is this a definition from a dictionary? Why else did you use inverted commas? As it is, you haven't provided an answer for its origins. – Mari-Lou A Aug 23 '13 at 22:27
_USER_-LouA It looks as if the quote marks were added by the editor. The author also suggested the (alleged) origin by capitalising the initial letters of each word. While the author has provided no substantiation for this alleged origin, I think your last 2 sentences should be aimed at the editor! – TrevorD Aug 23 '13 at 23:57
protected by RegDwigнt Aug 23 '13 at 20:04
Would you like to answer one of these unanswered questions instead?


text:
Grown to Perform
Warners - More than meets the eye
At this year's Melbourne International Flower and Garden Show, Warners Nurseries, in collaboration with Robert Boyle, created the award-winning Show Garden, More than Meets the Eye. It was an opportunity to showcase a range of plantings traditionally grown by Warners whilst incorporating a mix of new plants in an exciting contemporary design. Show Gardens are designed for maximum impact to impress judges and wow garden lovers attending MIFGS. To maximise impact plants are placed closely together to mimic future growth and ensure that the planted areas look full and lush. The reality is, often you would not place this many plants and species together in such a tight space.
There is more than meets the eye to good garden design when considering what to plant where. Overplanting can be a problem in garden design, and is one of the key criteria assessed by judges for the Victorian Master Landscapers awards. How well existing planting has been considered in relation to a new planting scheme, is crucial. Consideration must also be given to the overall effect, and to the scale of plants within the space in relation to the surrounding landscape. Good garden design must allow for future growth: Plants need space to have the chance to reach their full potential.
Visiting established gardens is an inspirational way to see how plants will perform over time and how good design integrates with existing features and previous established plantings. Open Garden schemes are a wonderful way to be able to visit numerous gardens designed by key landscapers and observe how the gardens have matured with time. From a Production Nursery perspective, it is an opportunity to assess how plants we grow perform and review how we can nurture plants to suit their proposed garden use and conditions.
National Gallery of Victoria Womens' Association held their Open Gardens Day in late October and through the generosity of the homeowners, six magnificent gardens were on view. John and Kelly Warner were amongst the hundreds of garden lovers that flocked to the NGVWA opening to look over many of the gardens that Warners have supplied plants to. Indeed, Kelly reminisced that it was likely her father Ross who delivered some of the plants to these gardens when they were being established.
Held every two years Garden Designfest is another opportunity to visit some amazing established gardens. Read more HERE. Open Gardens are mostly coordinated by charities, so it's heartening to know that gate charges are being put to good use.
At Designfest this year, there were some magnificent gardens on display with one taking this article to a full circle: 'The Falls', at Longwood designed by Robert Boyle, was open as part of the regional component in the Euroa district. A grand-scale garden that demonstrates how thoughtful design integrates the old and the new to grow and mature into something extraordinary.
(L) "The Falls" - Image Courtesy Designfest 2022. (R) More than Meets the Eye - Robert Boyle & Warners Nurseries


text:
In law, a concurring opinion is in certain legal systems a written opinion by one or more judges of a court which agrees with the decision made by the majority of the court, but states different (or additional) reasons as the basis for his or her decision. When no absolute majority of the court can agree on the basis for deciding the case, the decision of the court may be contained in a number of concurring opinions, and the concurring opinion joined by the greatest number of judges is referred to as the plurality opinion.
As a practical matter, concurring opinions are slightly less useful to lawyers than majority opinions. Having failed to receive a majority of the court's votes, concurring opinions are not binding precedent and cannot be cited as such. But concurring opinions can sometimes be cited as a form of persuasive precedent (assuming the point of law is one on which there is no binding precedent already in effect). The conflict in views between a majority opinion and a concurring opinion can assist a lawyer in understanding the points of law articulated in the majority opinion. Occasionally, a judge will use a concurring opinion to signal that he or she is open to certain types of test cases that would facilitate the development of a new legal rule, and in turn, such a concurring opinion may become more famous than the majority opinion in the same case. A well-known example of this phenomenon is Escola v. Coca-Cola Bottling Co. (1944).
Concurring opinions may be held by courts but not expressed: in many legal systems the court "speaks with one voice" and thus any concurring or dissenting opinions are not reported.
Types of concurring opinionsEdit
There are several kinds of concurring opinion. A simple concurring opinion arises when a judge joins the decision of the court but has something to add. Concurring in judgment means that the judge agrees with the majority decision (the case's ultimate outcome in terms of who wins and who loses) but not with the reasoning of the majority opinion (why one side wins and the other loses).
Concurring opinions by regionEdit
In some courts, such as the Supreme Court of the United States, the majority opinion may be broken down into numbered or lettered parts, and then concurring justices may state that they join some parts of the majority opinion, but not others, for the reasons given in their concurring opinion. In other courts, such as the Supreme Court of California, the same justice may write a majority opinion and a separate concurring opinion to express additional reasons in support of the judgment (which are joined only by a minority).
In some jurisdictions (e.g., California), the term may be abbreviated in certain contexts to conc. opn.
Terminology at the various courtsEdit
- At the International Court of Justice, the term "separate opinion" is used and judges can also add declarations to the judgment.
- The term concurring opinion is used at the Supreme Court of the United States.
- The European Court of Human Rights uses the term concurring opinion and calls both concurring and dissenting opinions separate opinions. Judges very rarely add declarations to the judgment.
- Historically the Law Lords of the United Kingdom gave each an opinion of their own and no aggregated judgment was provided. However, the new Supreme Court of the United Kingdom allows for such aggregated judgements, and it is theoretically possible for such concurring opinions to now arise.
Notable concurring opinionsEdit
- Whitney v. California (1927), Justice Louis Brandeis+1, free speech, became precedent 50 years later in Brandenburg v. Ohio.
- Escola v. Coca-Cola Bottling Co. (1944), Justice Roger Traynor, strict liability for manufacturers, became precedent 19 years later in Greenman v. Yuba Power.
- Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer (1952), Justice Robert H. Jackson, definitive test for the limits of Presidential power.
- See, e.g., McConnell v. Federal Election Commission, 540 U.S. 93 (2003).
- See, e.g., Cheong v. Antablin, 16 Cal. 4th 1063 (1997). Justice Ming Chin's concurrence began with these words: "Obviously, I concur in the majority opinion I have authored. I write separately to state another reason to reject plaintiff's argument."
- According to Professor Frédéric Rolin, ECHR judges added declarations in only two cases: Papon v. France (25 July 2002) and Martinie v. France (12 April 2006) ("Note sous CEDH 12 avril 2006, Martinie c/ France", 18 April 2006 Archived 7 February 2009 at the Wayback Machine)


Question: Do Saltwater Crocodiles Eat Sharks?
Can a lion kill a crocodile?
The protective females instinctively leapt into action to fend off the aggressive predator..
What animal can kill an elephant?
Do sharks attack saltwater crocodiles?
Nifong also scoured the literature for accounts of sharks clashing with other crocodilians. … But in many cases the crocodilians were the prey, from great white sharks preying on American crocodiles in Colombia, to tiger sharks eating estuarine crocodiles in Australia.
Why do crocodiles eat humans?
Which animal can kill tiger?
Why do crocodiles cry?
Can a crocodile kill an elephant?
Although elephants are very unusual prey for Nile crocodiles, the 20-foot-long (6-meter-long) reptiles will occasionally ambush and take down large animals—including dozens of people annually, experts say. (Related: "Ancient Horned Crocodile Found—Ate Early Humans?")
Can a killer whale kill a great white shark?
In October 1997, tourists in a whale-watching boat off the Farallon Islands, near San Francisco, witnessed two killer whales attack a great white shark and consume its liver. It was, at that time, the first documented sighting of killer whales eating white sharks.
Do crocodiles swim in the ocean?
Although the crocodiles spend most of their life in salt water, they are not considered marine animals as they rely on land for food and water.
Do saltwater crocodiles eat humans?
What animal kills the most humans per year?
Is it safe to swim with alligators?
How do you kill a crocodile?
Can a great white shark kill a saltwater crocodile?
Keep in mind, the bull sharks are significantly smaller than the crocodiles, and live closer to land. A similar sized Great White would be a much harder prey in deeper water, and combined with its speed and bite, the Shark may even kill the Crocodile instantly. Therefore, Shark wins, at parity.
Can a crocodile kill a tiger?
What is the deadliest animal in the world?
How do Crocodiles kill humans?
Historically, crocodile attacks are 100 times deadlier than shark attacks—and far more frequent—ranging from harrowing individual confrontations to a mass attack on World War II soldiers. A crocodile's jaw crushes down on its victim with 3,700 pounds per square inch of force.
Are Crocodiles worse than sharks?
But according to wildlife ecologist James Perran Ross of the University of Florida, officials estimate that crocs kill about 1,000 people per year — 100 times more than the 10 people sharks kill per year. Here's why crocodiles are much deadlier than sharks. … Crocodiles attack to kill and will pretty much eat anything.
Are there saltwater crocodiles in America?
What animals eat humans?
Do saltwater crocodiles have any predators?
Though they have few natural predators, saltwater crocodiles have been hunted for many decades by people. Their eggs and meat are eaten, and their skin is particularly valuable for use as a material for bags, shoes, and other goods.


text:
London, July 6th 2020 – UBS has launched a new big data tool to predict and quantify the probability of a company being targeted by activist investors.
Activist campaigns by shareholders seek to push companies to undertake material strategic and operational change, and alter, influence, and at times even undermine company strategy, with deal making being a main focus. The new predictive analytics algorithm, UBS-GUARD (Global Utility for Activism Risk and Defence) aims to tackle this issue by not only predicting and quantifying if a company can expect an approach by activists, but by also providing built-in analytics with unique insights into the underlying causes of vulnerability. Public companies are then able to take critical preventative action and arm themselves against future attacks, even before a move on the company is made.
UBS-GUARD can generate scenario analyses that quantify how various actions available to a company might affect its vulnerability score, e.g. the impact of share buybacks, dividend recaps and investment from new anchor investors. It can also generate analyses that identify historical campaigns against similar companies, to spot potential activist routes of attack.
The new tool uses over 220 million data points and analyses more than 5,000 historical activism campaigns to calculate the probability of activism for a wide range of companies using state-of-the-art machine-learning methodologies. It was developed by the 'Data Lab' within UBS's Global Banking division in the Investment Bank, a team that brings together data scientists, engineers and bankers. It is now being launched for use by public companies in EMEA, following a successful trial in the Americas.
Darren Novak, Head of Activist Defence at UBS said: "Due to COVID-19 and volatile market conditions, many public companies have seen their pre-crisis valuation issues exacerbated and may see activist investors seize an opportunity to launch campaigns as we head into the second half of this year and particularly in early 2021. We anticipate seeing more M&A-related activist campaigns that will likely focus on seeking future opportunities for a quick sale or divestiture when M&A markets reopen ."
"Through UBS-GUARD, we can approach existing and potential clients and talk to them about their vulnerability to activism – from a truly objective perspective. While the tool does a lot of the basic analytical work, human interpretation, from sector, country and activist defence experts, is essential in higher-level interpretation and application of the analysis to help clients understand how we can better serve their needs." Darren said.
UBS-GUARD is available for corporate clients to access via their UBS Global Banking relationship bankers.
UK media relations:
+44207 _PHONE_


Index: The Book of Statistical ProofsProbability Distributions ▷ Univariate continuous distributions ▷ Log-normal distribution ▷ Probability density function
Theorem: Let $X$ be a random variable following a log-normal distribution:
\[\label{eq:lognorm} X \sim \ln \mathcal{N}(\mu, \sigma^2) \; .\]
Then, the probability density function of $X$ is given by:
\[\label{eq:lognorm-pdf} f_X(x) = \frac{1}{x \sigma \sqrt{2 \pi}} \cdot \mathrm{exp} \left[ -\frac{\left( \ln x -\mu \right)^2}{2 \sigma^2} \right] \; .\]
Proof: A log-normally distributed random variable is defined as the exponential function of a normal random variable:
\[\label{eq:lognorm-def} Y \sim \mathcal{N}(\mu,\sigma^2) \; \quad \Rightarrow \quad X = \mathrm{exp} (Y) \sim \ln \mathcal{N}(\mu, \sigma^2) \; .\]
The probability density function of the normal distribution is
\[\label{eq:norm-pdf} f_X(x) = \frac{1}{\sigma \sqrt{2 \pi}} \cdot \mathrm{exp} \left[ -\frac{\left( x -\mu \right)^2}{2 \sigma^2} \right] \; .\]
Writing $X$ as a function of $Y$ we have
\[\label{eq:X-Y} X = g(Y) = \mathrm{exp} (Y) \;\]
with the inverse function
\[\label{eq:Y-X} Y = g^{-1}(X) = \ln (X) \; .\]
Because the derivative of $\exp (Y)$ is always positive, $g(Y)$ is strictly increasing and we can calculate the probability density function of a strictly increasing function as
\[\label{eq:pdf-sifct} f_X(x) = \left\{ \begin{array}{rl} f_Y(g^{-1}(x)) \, \frac{\mathrm{d}g^{-1}(x)}{\mathrm{d}x} \; , & \text{if} \; x \in \mathcal{X} \\ 0 \; , & \text{if} \; x \notin \mathcal{X} \end{array} \right.\]
where $\mathcal{X} = \left\lbrace x = g(y): y \in \mathcal{Y} \right\rbrace$. With the probability density function of the normal distribution, we have
\[\label{eq:pdf-X} \begin{split} f_X(x) &= f_Y(g^{-1}(x))\cdot \frac{dg^{-1}(x)}{dx} \\ &= \frac{1}{\sqrt{2 \pi} \sigma} \cdot \exp \left[ -\frac{1}{2} \left( \frac{g^{-1}(x)-\mu}{\sigma} \right)^2 \right] \cdot \frac{\mathrm{d}g^{-1}(x)}{\mathrm{d}x} \\ &= \frac{1}{\sqrt{2 \pi} \sigma} \cdot \exp \left[ -\frac{1}{2} \left( \frac{(\ln x)-\mu}{\sigma} \right)^2 \right] \cdot \frac{\mathrm{d}(\ln x)}{\mathrm{d}x} \\ &= \frac{1}{\sqrt{2 \pi} \sigma} \cdot \exp \left[ -\frac{1}{2} \left( \frac{ \ln x -\mu}{\sigma} \right)^2 \right] \cdot \frac{1}{x} \\ &= \frac{1}{x \sigma \sqrt{2 \pi}} \cdot \exp \left[ - \frac{\left( \ln x -\mu\right)^2}{2 \sigma^2} \right] \end{split}\]
which is the probability density function of the log-normal distribution.
Sources:
Metadata: ID: P310 | shortcut: lognorm-pdf | author: majapavlo | date: 2022-02-13, 10:05.


Inhaltsverzeichnis MOBOTIX Online-Hilfe
Thermal Radiometry
The thermal radiometry can trigger events based on the temperature measured within the specified image areas. Note that you can define different measurement areas for every event profile.
To do so, you can create different temperature events, which react to different areas and trigger values.
Important Notes:
General Settings of the Thermal Radiometry
Show Measurement Area
To display the measurement area of a Thermal Radiometry event profile, select the corresponding profile in the Environment Events dialog.
Edit Measurement Area
The measurement area can be defined as a rectangle or as a polygon.
Rectangle syntax:
image sensor, horizontal position, vertical position, width, height
Example . Rectangle Syntax
0,270,190,100,100
Polygon syntax:
image sensor, poly=<hor. coordinate>x<vert. coordinate>{/<hor. coordinate>x<vert. coordinate>}
Example . Polygon Syntax
0,poly=270x190/270x289/369x289/369x190
Notes
 - The measurement area refers to the entire image sensor.
 - If the camera image has been mirrored or rotated, the coordinate system of the windows changes accordingly.
Parameter
Description
Image sensor
Selects the image sensor (camera image) to use for this area definition:
 - 0: Right camera image on dual cameras, default setting on mono cameras.
 - 1: Left camera image on dual cameras.
Horizontal position
Number of pixels measured from the left edge of the visible image to the left border of the area (based on a MEGA image 1280x960).
Vertical position
Number of pixels measured from the bottom edge of the visible image to the bottom border of the area (based on a MEGA image 1280x960).
Width
Width of the area in pixels (based on a MEGA image 1280x960).
Height
Height of the area in pixels (based on a MEGA image 1280x960).
Horizontal Coordinate
Number of pixels measured horizontally from the left edge of the visible image to the polygon corner (based on a MEGA image 1280x960).
Vertical Coordinate
Number of pixels measured vertically from the bottom edge of the visible image to the polygon corner (based on a MEGA image 1280x960).
Note
If you would like to define a new measurement area, open the Environment Events dialog and follow the instructions of the Graphically Entering Image Areas help page.
Trigger Mode
Use this parameter to specify when to trigger the event. The following modes are available:
Temperature Unit
Show the temperatures either in degrees Centigrade (°C) or Fahrenheit (°F).
Trigger Values
Enter the temperature value that is used to trigger an event when it exceeds or when it drops below the value (depending on the setting of the Comparison parameter, see below).
Comparison
Select between triggering the event when it exceeds or when it drops below the specified trigger value.
Action Type
Define how often the event is to be triggered:
Konfiguration sichern
Klicken Sie auf Setzen, um die Einstellungen zu aktivieren und bis zum nächsten Neustart der Kamera zu sichern.
Klicken Sie auf Voreinstellung, um diesen Dialog auf die werkseitigen Voreinstellungen zurückzusetzen (dieser Button wird nicht in allen Dialogen angezeigt).
Klicken Sie auf Wiederherstellen, um alle Änderungen seit dem letzten permanenten Speichern der Konfiguration zu verwerfen.
Beenden Sie den Dialog durch Klick auf Schließen. Hierbei wird geprüft, ob Änderungen der Gesamtkonfiguration vorliegen. Ist dies der Fall, werden Sie gefragt, ob die Gesamtkonfiguration dauerhaft gesichert werden soll.
© 2001-2022 MOBOTIX, · _URL_


text:
French Empire GIlt Bronze Cloc Called " The Library Clock "
A fine and rare French Empire clock in gilded bronze called The Library, featuring a boy and a girl dressed in classical attire diligently studying in a library, both are sitting on a stool in front of a clock which is integrated into a column which also serves as a bookshelf. The oval clock base is decorated with garlands. The white enamel dial has Roman numerals; the silk string movement rings the hours and halves on a bell. A similar example is in the Palazzo Reale De el Pardo in Madrid, (Ref. French Bronze Clocks by Elke Niehuser, page 184).
Dimensions: 15″H (38cm) x 12″W (31cm) x 6″D (15cm)


text:
Development of correlation for pavement structural strength using Heavy Weight Deflectometer
Collaborator(s): Not applicable
Project Completion: Jan 2014
To carry out a comparison study with the aim of evaluating the technical suitability of using Heavy Weight Deflectometer in Singapore's context with respect to the conventional Deflectograph
In Singapore, there is a growing interest in research on pavement performance with the development of technologies that are well suited for accurate assessment of the properties of pavement structural. Among these properties, pavement deflection is a critical parameter for the identification of pavement sections with poor structural capacity and design of pavement rehabilitation.
To determine the pavement deflection, Deflectograph has been used as a standard reference without providing detailed strength information for each pavement layer. As such, Heavy Weight Deflectometer (HWD) was being introduced for the same functionality but with strength information on the pavement structural. However, Deflectograph and HWD measure the pavement deflection under different modes of loading, namely impulse loading and static loading respectively. Therefore, it is deemed necessary to carry out a research study to correlate the deflection data measured by both devices as the difference in loading conditions might have an impact on the measurands.
Field tests were conducted on different pavement designs to investigate the capability of HWD as well as its potential use for project- and network-level in Singapore. Generally, our data analysis demonstrated that a satisfactory coefficient of correlation was attained among the deflection data measured by both devices.


text:
Southeast Asian Regional Center for Graduate Study and Research in Agriculture (SEARCA), through SEARCA Seed Fund for Research and Training (SFRT), is now accepting applications for promising research and training programs that may be inputs into scientific discoveries with applications in promoting rural economic development.
The SFRT is only a start-up fund amounting to $15,000 per beneficiary.
Deadline for application for the grant this year is on August 1, 2017.
This program should help scientists or potential techno-entrepreneurs with limited funds to do initial research and subsequently secure long-term support from donor agencies.
"To address this (financial) concern and in line with SEARCA's thrust of promoting, undertaking and coordinating research programs relevant to inclusive and sustainable agricultural and rural development of the region, SEARCA will dedicate funds for SFRT," SEARCA further said.
According to SEARCA, the proposed project should be innovative and is accompanied by an appropriate plan for developing it into a potentially large-scale research/training program greatly relevant to the agricultural and rural development needs of the region.
It must also have strong potential for generating significant long-term funding support and can be completed within a period not exceeding one year.


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I'm fairly new to programming in a 3d world.
I'm trying to create a canvas where all the objects are drawn in order of furthest-to-closest and from bottom to top - so they don't overlap each other, but there are problems.
enter image description here
As you can see, some of the objects are overlapping each other. None of the objects in the screen will be moving so I was wondering: is there an algorithm available to sort the objects in the correct order? At the moment I have them sorting in the Z axis ascending, then X descending and Y descending.
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i'm just going to arbitrarily ask, since you said you're new to 3d programming, doesn't the engine you're using support depth testing? depth sorting is only going to get you so far. even if you solve this one issue you're having, L or T shaped blocks, for example, will cause artifacting – dreta May 10 '12 at 16:50
+1 because this is a topic of broad interest to 3d in general and your illustration is great. – Patrick Hughes May 10 '12 at 17:28
3 Answers 3
In general, the answer to your question ('is there an algorithm available to sort the objects in the correct order?') in arbitrary 3d settings is no - no such algorithm can exist, even when the objects are as simple as triangles. It's easy to construct three triangles with a cyclic overlap; for instance, imagine looking down the Z axis at three long, thin triangles:
 - A: (2.1, 1.9, 1), (1.9, 2.1, 1), (-1, -1, 0)
 - B: (-2.1, 1.9, 0), (-1.9, 2.1, 0), (1, -1, 1)
 - C: (2.1, 1, 0), (1.9, 1, 0), (-2, 1, 1)
Then where A and B overlap on-screen (near the XY point (0,0)), B will be on top (have the higher Z value): its Z value will be approximately 0.66 whereas A's will be approximately 0.33. Similarly, where A and C overlap (near the XY point (1, 1)), A will be on top; and where B and C overlap (near the XY point (1, -1)), C will be on top. There's no way of ordering these three triangles such that drawing them to screen in the specified order will give the correct result.
As Nathan Reed suggests, the fact that you're in an isometric view means that you would probably be able to avoid this particular issue; the question is whether it's worth avoiding or not, and that's more contingent on your environment and the particular functionality you have available. Most platforms you could be developing on have at least some form of 3d rendering readily available, though, and my first inclination would be to just piggyback on top of that for your purposes.
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As _USER_ mentioned in the comments, the typical way 3D engines solve this is with a depth buffer and using the hardware depth test, which allows you to draw arbitrarily-shaped objects in any order and will keep track of the closest surface at each pixel. Manually sorting objects is also possible, but will not necessarily handle nonconvex objects or overlapping objects correctly.
However, if you do want to sort objects, you'll need to calculate a depth value for each object, then sort by descending depth. To get the depth, if you're using a typical 3D engine setup, you'll need to transform each object's center point through your view matrix (which goes from world space to view space), then take the negative of the Z coordinate of the result. (Negative because in right-handed coordinates with X and Y aligned with the screen, Z will be pointing out of the screen.)
If it's always an isometric view like this, you can probably get away with calculating depth = ±X ± Y - Z, where the ± means: pick the sign that makes depth increase as you get further away from the camera. That will depend on the orientation of your X and Y axes.
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Even with an isometric view it's not possible to sort shapes using a depth value. The only thing you can do, provided the shapes and scene organisation aren't too convoluted (and they usually are), is build a partial order (ie. given two shapes, tell which one should be drawn first). From that, you would need to sort the shapes (using for instance topological sort) and that alone is usually a O(n²) operation when you are lucky but I'm betting on O(n²logn) instead. – sam hocevar May 10 '12 at 22:42
_USER_ Yes, as I noted in my answer, object sorting by depth will not handle all cases correctly, especially (but not limited to) nonconvex or overlapping objects. It's an approximation at best. BTW, I believe topologically sorting a graph can always be done in O(V+E) (it's pretty much just DFS). The edge count can be O(V^2) but I suspect it's usually not that bad. – Nathan Reed May 10 '12 at 23:15
_USER_ In an isometric view with all objects non-intersecting axis-aligned rectangles, though - which is what the example shows - it seems likely that you probably can sort shapes? Do you know of any construction of a figure that can't be sorted (e.g., something that has a cyclic overlap) under those constraints? – Steven Stadnicki May 10 '12 at 23:45
_USER_ Here's a case where naive sorting by depth wouldn't work. The correct draw order in that diagram would be red, green, blue, but depth sorting based on the center of each rectangle (black dots) would give you blue, green, red. (The dotted line runs perpendicular to the view, so you can clearly see the relationship between the depths of the centers.) Sam's topological sort would work here, given a way to determine the "is-behind" relations amongst the rectangles. – Nathan Reed May 11 '12 at 1:45
Here is an example of axis-aligned objects that you cannot sort: – sam hocevar May 11 '12 at 5:32
Check out the Painters Algorithm and its disadvantages.
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Your Answer


Filters need a unique name
 class: rememberFilter
 param:
 cookie_name: MyWebSite
 condition: %APP_ENABLE_REMEMBER_ME%
cache: ~
common: ~
flash: ~
execution: ~
When activated, the filter is executed for each request. The filter configuration file can contain one or more parameter definitions under the param key. The filter class has the ability to get the value of these parameters with the getParameter() method. Listing 6-35 demonstrates how to get a filter parameter value.
Listing 6-35 - Getting the Parameter Value, in apps/myapp/lib/rememberFilter.class.php
class rememberFilter extends sfFilter
{
 public function execute ($filterChain)
 {
 ...
 if ($request->getCookie($this->getParameter('cookie_name')))
 ...
 }
}
The condition parameter is tested by the filter chain to see if the filter must be executed. So your filter declarations can rely on an application configuration, just like the one in Listing 6-34. The remember filter will be executed only if your application app.yml shows this:
all:
 enable_remember_me: on
Sample Filters
The filter feature is useful to repeat code for every action. For instance, if you use a distant analytics system, you probably need to put a code snippet calling a distant tracker script in every page. You could put this code in the global layout, but then it would be active for all of the application. Alternatively, you could place it in a filter, such as the one shown in Listing 6-36, and activate it on a per-module basis.
Listing 6-36 - Google Analytics Filter
class sfGoogleAnalyticsFilter extends sfFilter
{
 public function execute($filterChain)
 {
 // Nothing to do before the action
 $filterChain->execute();

 // Decorate the response with the tracker code
 $googleCode = '

';
 $response = $this->getContext()->getResponse();
 $response->setContent(str_ireplace('', $googleCode.'',$response->getContent()));
 }
}
Be aware that this filter is not perfect, as it should not add the tracker on responses that are not HTML.
Another example would be a filter that switches the request to SSL if it is not already, to secure the communication, as shown in Listing 6-37.
Listing 6-37 - Secure Communication Filter
class sfSecureFilter extends sfFilter
{
 public function execute($filterChain)
 {
 $context = $this->getContext();
 $request = $context->getRequest();

 if (!$request->isSecure())
 {
 $secure_url = str_replace('http', 'https', $request->getUri());

 return $context->getController()->redirect($secure_url);
 // We don't continue the filter chain
 }
 else
 {
 // The request is already secure, so we can continue
 $filterChain->execute();
 }
 }
}
note
In symfony 1.0, when using redirect in a filter you must use a full url, as it will not be parsed by the routing system. If you need to generate a url from a route, you can use the genUrl() function of the controller first:
$url = $context->getController()->genUrl("module/action", true); return $context->getController()->redirect($url);
Filters are used extensively in plug-ins, as they allow you to extend the features of an application globally. Refer to Chapter 17 to learn more about plug-ins, and see the online wiki (_URL_ for more filter examples.
Module Configuration
A few module behaviors rely on configuration. To modify them, you must create a module.yml file in the module's config/ directory and define settings on a per-environment basis (or under the all: header for all environments). Listing 6-38 shows an example of a module.yml file for the mymodule module.
Listing 6-38 - Module Configuration, in apps/myapp/modules/mymodule/config/module.yml
all: # For all environments
 enabled: true
 is_internal: false
 view_class: sfPHP
The enabled parameter allows you to disable all actions of a module. All actions are redirected to the module_disabled_module/module_disabled_action action (as defined in settings.yml).
The is_internal parameter allows you to restrict the execution of all actions of a module to internal calls. For example, this is useful for mail actions that you must be able to call from another action, to send an e-mail message, but not from the outside.
The view_class parameter defines the view class. It must inherit from sfView. Overriding this value allows you to use other view systems, with other templating engines, such as Smarty.
Summary
In symfony, the controller layer is split into two parts: the front controller, which is the unique entry point to the application for a given environment, and the actions, which contain the page logic. An action has the ability to determine how its view will be executed, by returning one of the sfView constants. Inside an action, you can manipulate the different elements of the context, including the request object (sfRequest) and the current user session object (sfUser).
Combining the power of the session object, the action object, and the security configuration, symfony provides a complete security system, with access restriction and credentials. Special validate() and handleError() methods in actions allow handling of request validation. And if the preExecute() and postExecute() methods are made for reusability of code inside a module, the filters authorize the same reusability for all the applications by making controller code executed for every request.


text:
Midtown Manhattan's Lever House marked a watershed in U.S. architecture when completed in 1952. Located on the west side of Park Avenue between 53rd and 54th Streets, the corporate headquarters, with its facade made of blue-green glass and stainless steel mullions, was one of the first glass-walled International Style office buildings in the country. Within a decade of its construction, the initial enthusiasm for Lever House gave way to a universal recognition of its pivotal importance to American architecture. In 1982, the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission designated the Lever House an official landmark.
The structure consists of two intersecting masses, balanced in their proportions but contrasting in shape. A two-story horizontal block containing an open court occupies the entire site with a 21-story tower located on the north. The columns and the ground floor court create a large open plaza allowing entrances to the lobby to be located away from pedestrian traffic. Inside, the typical floor is characterized by large, open office areas with easy access to individual offices, and service cores at the western end.


text:
May 22, 2014
In 2001, biologists Giorgos Catsadorakis and Myrsini Malakou were awarded the Goldman Prize for their efforts to create the first trans-boundary protected area in the Balkans, an area better known for conflict than cooperation, at the borders of Greece, Albania and Macedonia. Read below for an exciting update on Malakou and Catsadorakis' work on the Trans-Boundary Prespa Park and wetlands throughout the region:
"In the years since winning the Prize, Malakou and Catsadorakis have continued to work on the Trans-boundary Prespa Park, leading the locally based NGO, the Society for the Protection of Prespa (SPP). Since the early years of the last decade their work has concerned the integration of basin-wide management approaches throughout the trans-boundary Prespa Lakes area. Following the establishment of the first trans-boundary protected area in the Balkans in 2000, an international agreement between the three countries sharing the Prespa basin and the European Union was signed in 2010.
Prior to this they worked in the Greek part of Prespa addressing major challenges to restore wet meadows as part of the conservation of the Lesser Prespa Lake wetland, gradually moving on to promoting effective conservation and integrated management at a trans-boundary level.
Their work in Greece aimed to restore the globally important Ramsar wetland of Lesser Prespa Lake, which was severely degraded in the 1980s having fallen prey to the prevailing trend of "rapid economic development at any cost". Wet meadows along the shores of the lake had dwindled and populations of water birds and fish species had decreased. Conservation practices focused on the restoration of wet meadows by addressing the two main issues of water and vegetation management.
The strategy was based on the promotion of integrated river basin management by combining traditional practices and scientific knowledge in collaboration with local stakeholders. The long-term conservation effort to restore the wet meadows is today recognized as a case study of best practice for the recovery of an ecosystem.
As a result of this work, wet meadow areas tripled in extent. Consequently the glossy ibis began to breed in the area once more and the colony of globally endangered Dalmatian pelicans grew by 240% to reach over 1,200 pairs, 15% of the global population. Today the management of Lesser Prespa Lake is in the hands of local stakeholders following guidelines produced by the SPP as part of the conservation measures.
Malakou and Catsadorakis' strategic approach is characterized by their persistent promotion of co-operation and mutual understanding between a wide variety of trans-boundary organizations and individuals at a grassroots level. In this context, all the trans-boundary initiatives of the SPP aim to develop solid relationships, as the only way to ensure the sustainability of co-operation. This bottom-up approach has already begun to pay dividends, sidestepping the complexities of the relationships between the three countries at a political level."


W3cubDocs
/Symfony 4.1
DateTimeNormalizer
class DateTimeNormalizer implements NormalizerInterface, DenormalizerInterface, CacheableSupportsMethodInterface
Normalizes an object implementing the {see \DateTimeInterface} to a date string.
Denormalizes a date string to an instance of {see \DateTime} or {see \DateTimeImmutable}.
Constants
FORMAT_KEY
TIMEZONE_KEY
Methods
__construct(string|null $format = \DateTime::RFC3339, DateTimeZone $timezone = null)
array|string|int|float|bool normalize(mixed $object, string $format = null, array $context = array())
Normalizes an object into a set of arrays/scalars.
bool supportsNormalization(mixed $data, string $format = null)
Checks whether the given class is supported for normalization by this normalizer.
object denormalize(mixed $data, string $class, string $format = null, array $context = array())
Denormalizes data back into an object of the given class.
bool supportsDenormalization(mixed $data, string $type, string $format = null)
Checks whether the given class is supported for denormalization by this normalizer.
bool hasCacheableSupportsMethod()
Details
__construct(string|null $format = \DateTime::RFC3339, DateTimeZone $timezone = null)
Parameters
string|null $format
DateTimeZone $timezone
array|string|int|float|bool normalize(mixed $object, string $format = null, array $context = array())
Normalizes an object into a set of arrays/scalars.
Parameters
mixed $object Object to normalize
string $format Format the normalization result will be encoded as
array $context Context options for the normalizer
Return Value
array|string|int|float|bool
Exceptions
InvalidArgumentException Occurs when the object given is not an attempted type for the normalizer
CircularReferenceException Occurs when the normalizer detects a circular reference when no circular reference handler can fix it
LogicException Occurs when the normalizer is not called in an expected context
bool supportsNormalization(mixed $data, string $format = null)
Checks whether the given class is supported for normalization by this normalizer.
Parameters
mixed $data Data to normalize
string $format The format being (de-)serialized from or into
Return Value
bool
object denormalize(mixed $data, string $class, string $format = null, array $context = array())
Denormalizes data back into an object of the given class.
Parameters
mixed $data Data to restore
string $class The expected class to instantiate
string $format Format the given data was extracted from
array $context Options available to the denormalizer
Return Value
object
Exceptions
BadMethodCallException Occurs when the normalizer is not called in an expected context
InvalidArgumentException Occurs when the arguments are not coherent or not supported
UnexpectedValueException Occurs when the item cannot be hydrated with the given data
ExtraAttributesException Occurs when the item doesn't have attribute to receive given data
LogicException Occurs when the normalizer is not supposed to denormalize
RuntimeException Occurs if the class cannot be instantiated
bool supportsDenormalization(mixed $data, string $type, string $format = null)
Checks whether the given class is supported for denormalization by this normalizer.
Parameters
mixed $data Data to denormalize from
string $type The class to which the data should be denormalized
string $format The format being deserialized from
Return Value
bool
bool hasCacheableSupportsMethod()
Return Value
bool
© 2004–2017 Fabien Potencier
Licensed under the MIT License.
_URL_


_USER_ {jopera:2008:icac, title = {Automatic Configuration of an Autonomic Controller: An Experimental Study with Zero-Configuration Policies}, booktitle = {5th International Conference on Autonomic Computing (ICAC 2008)}, year = {2008}, month = {June}, pages = {67-76}, publisher = {IEEE}, organization = {IEEE}, address = {Chicago, IL, USA}, abstract = {Autonomic control managers can remove the need for manual system configuration in order to achieve good performance and efficient resource utilization. However, simple controllers based on reconfiguration actions tied to thresholds, or {\textquoteright}if-then{\textquoteright} rules, themselves need to be configured and tuned in order to adapt the controller behavior to the expected workload characteristic. In this paper we present an experimental study of zero-configuration policies that can be automatically tuned based on analytical models of the system under control. In particular, we have designed and implemented a threshold-free self-configuration policy for a distributed workflow execution engine and compared it with a standard PID controller. The experimental results included in the paper show that using such a policy the controller can tune itself in addition to reconfiguring the distributed engine and the proposed policy out-performs simpler policies that require manual and error-prone tuning of their parameters.}, keywords = {analytical models, automatic configuration, automatic control, autonomic controller, control system synthesis, distributed workflow execution engine, PID control, resource management, resource utilization, workload characteristic, zero-configuration policies}, doi = {10.1109/ICAC.2008.29}, author = {Thomas Heinis and Cesare Pautasso} }


text: The objective of this study is to evaluate the potential of a game called Star Power to teach professional skills to mechanical engineering undergraduates. The game was conducted as an activity in a final year Professional Practice unit. A survey in the form of a questionnaire was administered to participating students in the following semester of studies after a summer break. The survey showed that the majority of the students believed they had improved their professional skills from playing Star Power. Although the game is typically used in the teaching of sociology, this study demonstrated that the game can provide a rich and versatile setting in which different elements of professional skills that are important to an engineer can be incorporated and developed.


text:
Roman bronze stylus filigree I
(Unit Price: 18,90 ¤ per pcs.)
Roman bronze stylus
The stylus 'Stilus' is a massive, cool writing tool from polished bronze. This is an antique writing utensil for writing on wax tablets, crafted in very noble fashion, made by applying the lost wax technique. The pointed end serves for writing letters or numbers. The flattened end is an eraser tool to smooth out the carved writing.
This bronze stylus is made very complex, using the traditional technology of the 'lost mould'. An individual wax model is here provided for each stylus, embedded in a mould of gypsum. The mould is heated, so that during casting the now liquid wax can run out. The metal is heated and cast into the hollow cavity of the gypsum mould. Then the mould is smashed and the unfinished casting is cleaned. Finally, the moulding blank is ground and polished glossy!
The stylus was used as a writing tool till the 1960s to inscribe slate and wax tablets. The shape of the stylus was most of the time round or angular, it was made of iron, bronze, bone or sometimes of silver. The point of the stylus pressed into the wax to write. The other end, shaped like a scoop, helped to correct errors. By smoothing out the wax surface, the tablets could be reused for writing. Some Roman styluses look like busts of the goddess, Minerva, because in the Roman age she was considered the guardian goddess of teachers and writers.
What an unusual 'notepad' and a noble writing tool!
- stylus length 4 inch (10cm)


text:
The Rion-Antirion cable-stayed bridge is considered to be an engineering marvel, and it is for a reason.
A Bridge with History
It has been more than a hundred years since the then Prime Minister of Greece, Charilaos Trikoupis, envisioned bridging the approximately three kilometers that separate Rio from Antirrio. In 1880, Charilaos Trikoupis was elected Prime Minister of Greece. Born in Nafplio, he envisioned the union of the region of Messolonghi from which he came (north coast of the Corinthian Gulf) with Achaia, in the Peloponnese (south coast).
On March 29, 1889, he spoke to Parliament about the need to bridge the Rio-Antirio Strait. However, the construction of this project was not technically possible until the end of the 20th century.
"Cable-stayed bridge: bridge form in which the weight of the deck is supported by several nearly straight diagonal cables in tension running directly to one or more vertical towers"
Thus, it took almost a century for the Greek State to announce a competition of ideas for the construction of a permanent link.
The invitation to tender in 1991 and the tender of December 1993 led to the signing, on January 3, 1996, of the Concession Agreement between the Greek State and GEFYRA SA. for the design, construction, financing, maintenance and operation of the Rio-Antirio Bridge.
The contract entered into force at the end of 1997 when full financing of the project was secured. It took two years to agree on the first financing of an infrastructure project with a concession to individuals in the history of modern Greece and the main loan agreement with the EIB was signed on 25 July 1997, while the final financing agreement was signed on 17 December 1997.
On July 19, 1998, Mr. Costas Simitis, Prime Minister of Greece, founded the Rio-Antirio Bridge project in the presence of Mr. Kostis Stefanopoulos, President of the Republic.
On August 12, 2004, on the eve of the start of the Athens Olympic Games, the Minister of PE.HO.DE. Mr. George Souflias inaugurated the Rio-Antirio Bridge, four months earlier than the contractual date of completion of works.
Innovative studies and offshore construction methods have been used to make this unique multi-opening cable-stayed bridge a reality.
It is worth noting, among other things, the adoption and application of the shallow foundation solution on a reinforced bottom, the continuous and fully suspended deck along the entire length of the bridge (2,252 m), the large seismic damping system, the cables equipped with special anti-seismic devices, the expansion joints that can receive large displacements along the axis of the bridge and transversely.
The study and construction was led by the French company Vinci in collaboration with the largest Greek construction companies (Aktor, J&P and Athena).
Any visit to the Bridge is welcome. A prerequisite is the observance of the safety and operation rules of the project. Before each visit to the Bridge Exhibition Center, it would be advisable to contact the Customer Service Department (Tel. 0030-26340-39010 & 39011 / e-mail: _EMAIL_) in order to avoid the coincidence of hours/days with other scheduled visits or activities. The Cable-stayed bridge of Rion-Antirion is consider to be the longest of its kind in the entire world.


text:
What is a'similar establishment' to a hotel, inn, or boarding house?: characteristics and functions associated with hotels, inns and boarding houses
The following is a list of characteristics and functions often associated with hotels, inns and boarding houses.
Clearly, for something to be a 'similar establishment' it is not necessary for all the features to be present; in many cases a small number of features will be sufficient to conclude that the establishment is similar to, for example, a basic hotel or boarding house.
- The accommodation is provided on a temporary basis, generally to persons who are away from their home. It is accommodation for a transient class of people or people who are temporarily homeless (but see paragraph 2.1, Notice709/3). It is taken with a view to moving on in due course.
- The hotel or similar establishment provides the accommodation as its main purpose, generally with a view to making profit. Providing the accommodation represents the main commercial exploitation of the property. In this respect the establishment will differ from one whose function is educate, imprison or provide care and support. Equally, an establishment which aims to provide pastoral care or create a family concept, such as some educational establishments, is unlikely to be a similar establishment.
- The hotel or similar establishment will normally provide accommodation on a non-selective basis to persons who turn up and can pay.
- They usually provide breakfast. However, this is no longer the case with all such establishments. Some hotel chains, for example, now provide only sleeping accommodation. Breakfast can be provided as a prepared meal or as basic ingredients (a food parcel). The provision of breakfast in the form of a supermarket voucher is not seen as a characteristic of 'hotel' accommodation.
- Sleeping accommodation is provided with a range of services and facilities, such as room service, laundry, cleaning of rooms (as opposed to cleaning of common areas), bed making, TV rooms, telephone services, receptionist, etc. The level of services will vary according to the status of the establishment. The service provided in a bed and breakfast establishment, for example, might be very basic, consisting of no more than room cleaning and laundry. This would not in itself prevent it from being treated as a 'similar establishment'.
- Residents will normally enjoy a degree of privacy by being provided with their own lockable rooms.
- There will normally be a resident manager, proprietor or member of staff on the premises at all times. Some establishments may have annexes where this is not the case. However, management will be contactable at the main premises. Greater supervision and management is a feature of this sort of accommodation.
- There is normally a booking service.


text:
Occasionally a USB memory drive will not read or write to the Protocol 3 control.
Requirements for a memory drive to work with the Protocol3 control are:
* 4 Gb or less
* Formatted for FAT or FAT32
To check format type and reformat for the correct type, follow steps below.
- Insert USB stick into PC.
- Open Windows Explorer and right click on the USB stick drive letter.
- Select Properties and note file system type (e.g. FAT or FAT32 most likely.)
- Close the properties window, and right click on the drive letter again.
- Select Format…
- Change the File system type for format to FAT32.
- Un-select Quick Format to truly wipe everything.
- Press Start.


text:
Museums | Sights
SHADOW PUPPET THEATER is a creative story time that incorporates the use of light, paper puppets and shadows. The puppets are designed from the storybook characters and are used while the story is being read to bring new dimension, movement and intrigue to every child's favorite story books. Our young visitors love the way our puppet shadows hold their attention and give life to storytime! We encourage parent and child to recreate a book of their own at home using the same simple shadow puppet techniques. For more information visit The Woodlands Children's Museum online at _URL_ or call _PHONE_.