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Result Set Mapping: Constructor Result Mappings
By Thorben Janssen
This is the third part of my series about SQL result set mappings:
In the first post of this series, we had a look at some mapping definition between the query result and one entity. The mapping definitions got more complex in the second part, as we mapped the query result to multiple entities and handled additional columns.
In this post, we will have a look at the Constructor Result Mappings introduced in JPA 2.1. This feature allows us to call the constructor of a value object with the result of the query, similar to the JPQL constructor expressions. This is often used, if we want to provide a specific view of our domain model to the client.
The example
Before we start, lets have a look at the entity model that we will use for the examples. If you read the second part of this series, you are already familiar with the Author and Book entities. Both entities are quite simple. The Author entity has an id, a version, a first name and a last name. The Book entity has an id, a version, a title and a reference to the Author. To avoid unnecessary complexity, each Book was written by only one Author.
As we want to map our query results to a value object, we need an additional class called BookValue with an id, a version, a title and the name of the author.
How to map to a value object
Selecting entities and returning a tree of objects to the caller is not always the best approach. The caller often needs only a subset of the provided information and a specific value object would be much more efficient. For these situations, JPQL supports constructor expressions that can be specified in the select part of the JPQL query and define the constructor call for each selected record.
The BookValue in our example could be used in a client to show some information about a Book and the name of the Author. As long as we only need the name of the Author, there is no need to select and transfer the whole Author entity. It is more efficient to use an object of BookValue and select the name of the Author in the query.
SELECT b.id, b.title, b.version, a.firstName || a.lastName as authorName FROM Book b JOIN Author a ON b.author_id = a.id
In the next step, we need to define a mapping that uses the query result to call the constructor of the BookValue. This is done similar to the mappings we created before with the _USER_ annotation. The mapping shown in the following code snippet consists of a name and a _USER_ annotation.
 name = "BookValueMapping",
 classes = _USER_(
 targetClass = BookValue.class,
 columns = {
 _USER_(name = "id", type = Long.class),
 _USER_(name = "title"),
 _USER_(name = "version", type = Long.class),
 _USER_(name = "authorName")}))
The name of the mapping, BookValueMapping in this example, will later be used to tell the EntityManager which mapping to use. The _USER_ annotation defines the constructor call for a given target class. This is the BookValue in our example. The array of _USER_ annotations defines the columns of the query result that will be used as constructor parameters with their type and order. The type attribute is optional and you only need to provide it, if the type of the column is different to the type of the constructor parameter. In this case, the default types of the id and version columns are BigInteger and need to be converted to Long.
Similar to the mapping of multiple entities, the classes attribute of the _USER_ accepts an array of _USER_ annotations. If the mapping maps to multiple value objects or entities, each column can be used multiple times.
And like all the mapping definitions before, also the constructor result mapping can be defined in a mapping XML file. The easiest way to do this is to use the default mapping file called orm.xml that will be automatically used, if it is added to the META-INF directory of the jar file.

The usage of the constructor mapping is identical to the other SQL result set mappings. We need to provide it to the createNativeQuery(String sqlString, String resultSetMapping) method of the EntityManager and we get a List.
List results = this.em.createNativeQuery("SELECT b.id, b.title, b.version, a.firstName || a.lastName as authorName FROM Book b JOIN Author a ON b.author_id = a.id", "BookValueMapping").getResultList();
After we started with simple result mappings in the first post and created more complex ones in the second post, we now had a look at constructor result mappings that were introduced with JPA 2.1.
These provide a functionality similar to the JPQL constructor expressions and map the result of a query to constructor calls. The mapping can be defined via XML or a _USER_ annotation and one or more _USER_ annotations.
Here is again a list of the previous posts of the series in case you missed one of them:
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 2. Hi Thorben,
 First of all, whole tutorials are great about ResultSetMapping, thank you so much…
 when I use your way, I am getting this kind of error and I didn't figure it out. I have two entity classes (Projects.java and ProjectsFlow.java) like yours (Author.java and Book.java) and also I have a class for result mapping ProjectsTables.java like your BookValue.java…This is the error
 and also these are the other classes….
 In the OrganisationController class (line 52), I've created a query (createNativeQuery) and in the homepage.jsp I've called the results (line 174)….
 I don't understand the problem? Please can you help me?
 1. Hi Hasan,
 have you tried to use Integer.class instead of int.class to handle empty columns in the query result?
 1. Hi,
 I don't understand meaning of "to handle empty columns"…you mean, just use Integer.class instead of int.class….If you want to say this, yes I tried before but not worked.
 1. Thanks Daniel!
 You can find the post about the Hibernate specific features here: //thorben-_URL_-mapping-hibernate-specific-mappings/


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Analysis of cow milk by near-infrared spectroscopy
R. Jankovská, K. Šustováhttps://doi.org/10.17221/3488-CJFSCitation:Jankovská R., Šustová K. (2003): Analysis of cow milk by near-infrared spectroscopy. Czech J. Food Sci., 21: 123-128.
In this work, the major components (total solids, fat, protein, casein, urea nitrogen, lactose, and somatic cells) were determined in cow milk by near-infrared spectroscopy. Fifty calibration samples of milk were analysed by reference methods and by FT NIR spectroscopy in reflectance mode at wavelengths ranging from 4000 to 10 000 cm–1 with 100 scan. Each sample was analysed three times and the average spectrum was used for calibration. Partial least squares (PLS) regression was used to develop calibration models for the milk components examined. Determined were the highest correlation coefficients for total solids (0.928), fat (0.961), protein (0.985), casein (0.932), urea nitrogen (0.906), lactose (0.931), and somatic cells (0.872). The constructed calibration models were validated by full cross validation. The results of this study indicated that NIR spectroscopy is applicable for a rapid analysis of milk composition.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


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A Unique Dual-Mode Muffler
The techniques harmonizing the contradiction which consists of exhaust noise reduction and engine power increase, have been required for the exhaust muffler. This techniques rapidly improved by means of the clarification due to the acoustic theories and the flow analyses. Recently, according to the passenger car tendency toward high grade and high performance, demands for low noise and high power exhaust systems are increasing year by year. The "Dual Mode Muffler" system (abbreviated, below, DMM) mounted on Nissan Cedric, Grolia and Cima series, installed in 1987, is achieved the consistent of the quietness and the engine power performance. This system is the first control type exhaust system for the 4 wheel car. On previous paper, the analyses of acoustic characteristics on DMM were mainly shown. The analyses of exhaust pressure characteristics are also an important theory along with the acoustic in the development of the exhaust system.


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Dominion Virginia Power (previously known as Virginia Electric Power or VEPCO) is the largest investor-owned utility in Virginia. Appalachian Power is the second-largest. In the mid-1900's, they generated most of the electricity needed to supply customers using coal.
Who provides my electricity Virginia?
Most residents are served by Dominion Virginia Power. Residents in portions of Centreville and Clifton may receive electric service from the Northern Virginia Electric Cooperative.
Where does electricity in Virginia come from?
Electricity. Natural gas fueled three-fifths of the electricity generated in Virginia in 2019, and the state's two nuclear power plants supplied three-tenths. Renewable energy sources, including biomass, hydroelectric power, and solar, as well as coal and petroleum are also used to generate electricity.
Who supplies electricity to new property?
To find out who supplies the electricity to your new property, contact the local electricity distribution company. Its telephone number will be in the telephone directory under 'Electricity'. You should ask for the company's meter point administration service (MPAS).
Does Virginia have electric choice?
Historically, all the components of electric service – generation, transmission and distribution – were combined as one service. Today, the generation part – the electricity itself – is open to choice for Virginia's non-residential customers with at least a five megawatt (5 MW) load.
What area does Appalachian Power cover?
Appalachian Power (APCO) is based in Charleston, West Virginia and owns the naming rights to Appalachian Power Park in Charleston. APCO serves about one million customers in central and Southern West Virginia, the West Virginia Panhandle, Southwest Virginia and parts of Northeast Tennessee, specifically Kingsport.
What states does Dominion Energy operate in?
Dominion Energy, Inc., commonly referred to as Dominion, is an American power and energy company headquartered in Richmond, Virginia that supplies electricity in parts of Virginia, North Carolina, and South Carolina and supplies natural gas to parts of Utah, West Virginia, Ohio, Pennsylvania, North Carolina, South …
Where does my home electricity come from?
Most electricity is generated with steam turbines using fossil fuels, nuclear, biomass, geothermal, and solar thermal energy. Other major electricity generation technologies include gas turbines, hydro turbines, wind turbines, and solar photovoltaics.
Where does Northern VA power come from?
Today, most Northern Virginia homes get their primary heat from fuel oil, natural gas, or electricity (baseboard heaters or heat pumps).
Where does the US get its electricity?
According to the U.S. Energy Information Administration, most of the nation's electricity was generated by natural gas, coal, and nuclear energy in 2019. Electricity is also produced from renewable sources such as hydropower, biomass, wind, geothermal, and solar power.
How do I find out who my electricity supplier is?
How to find your electricity supplier
- Check your last energy bill.
- Talk to the last person to take care of the bill.
- Call your electricity distribution network.
How do you set up utilities when you buy a house?
Setting up new service: To set up a new service, visit the website of your new provider. There should be information on there about how to set up utilities, but if not, call them directly. You'll need to tell them the address that you're looking to set up utilities, as well as the date that you need service to start.
How do I get gas and electricity in my new house?
How to set up gas and electric for the first time
- Find out who supplies your energy. …
- Find your gas and electricity meters. …
- Take a meter reading. …
- Find the fuse box and trip switch. …
- Find your meter number. …
- Get in touch with your new energy supplier. …
- Find out what tariff you're on. …
- Shop around for a better energy deal.


Stories of Spirit…The Symbolism of Cat Piss [it's one of those kind of days]
So, this morning I woke from my bedroom carpet (said cat also pissed on my futon), in a not so pleasant state. Now, I could go on a search for what this all means; but sometimes cat piss, is just cat piss.
I think about that a lot. Not cat piss, but the fact that with an awakening Intuition, we can fall victim to seeing great meaning in everything. Intuition is tricky; it is a feeling, a knowing. It is not every time, and every event. Even when those events are down right horrific. To understand our Intuition we must first study it.
Everybody's Intuition is different; or more accurately put, our symbolism is different. That's why a book on dream interpretation, is not a bible. It is meant to give you direction, not instruct you on what is right. When I say that Intuition is a feeling & knowing, I am saying it is both instantaneously. It is that voice in our head that makes us go…hmmm? Symbolism is the way in which we interpret our feeling & knowing.
Intuition, like I said is the feeling & knowing of something. Last night when the indecent happened I knew it was about the cat, and I also knew it was not some symbolic message from the Universe. I knew this because I constantly check things out with my Intuition. I do this without thought, because I know my own symbolism, and the way in it speaks to me, so well. That does not mean, I have reached my full potential, that I have no room for development. We all benefit from keeping a beginners mind. The moment we begin to think we have it all figured out…is the day the Universe kicks us in the ass for amusement. I know…I learned that lesson along time ago.
Symbolism is metaphysical terms; refers to how our Intuition responds to imagery. It is the gut response, the first thought we have when sensing something; seeing, hearing, tasting, smelling. I left out knowing; for it is with the sense of knowing, that responds to that which triggers us through our other senses. Books on Dream Interpretation are a good start, as they give us a whole list of things to interpret. But, when we are triggered by something; particularly in a waking state (conscious or lucid dreaming) we know what stood out most to us. We also know how it made us feel. That does not mean you have all the information from just that moment (although you certainly can), it means you know how you felt, how you responded. So ask yourself…Did you feel threatened? Did you feel excitement? Did anyone come to mind during your experience?
Write things down, keep track of your thoughts and dreams, and revisit them. Go back over your journals and connect the dots. Writing in a journal is only half the way it can be utilized. It can also be read, like a book of us…it is a book of us. It is telling a story from our perspective at the moment we are experiencing it. We may be experiencing prophetic (knowing of the future) things, and totally over looking it because we never looked back.
The world is waking up. I like to call it Psychic Evolution, because I find the term Ascension a bit fluffy, bunny for me. Like Unicorns should be involved, or it should be accompanied by a band of Angels, singing. But in reality, what people are experiencing is much more primitive, raw, and Earth rocking. Now, I am not bashing anyone's love of the term Ascension. If it grooves for you, go for it…for me, I will stick to my slightly-edged, terminology.
So, back to my original rant here…I believe we need to aware, and remember our logical brain is meant to be a companion to our Intuition. We need both, to get clear information. We do not want to cross over into the world of illusion; that does not serve the world. We are here for a reason, and developing strong, Logical Intuition is the way to go. And remember sometimes cat piss; is just cat piss, and when it happens we need to remember…we are not fucked up, or totally off kilter; we are simply having a bad day.
I hope you enjoyed the read Folks. I do have to say, writing to you…I found my center. Thanks for reading.
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* Beauty queen's amputation is rare complication of septicemia
* Update: Mariana Bridi da Costa died on Jan. 24.
A Brazilian beauty queen underwent amputation of her hands and feet earlier this week, a rare and tragic consequence of a common infection.
The woman, Mariana Bridi da Costa, 20, was diagnosed with a bacterial infection that progressed to septicemia. Septicemia, which is also called bacteremia or sepsis, occurs when bacteria gets into the bloodstream. The illness is always serious and can become life-threatening very quickly. Septicemia can arise from any infection in the body, such as in the lungs, abdomen and urinary tract. News reports describe Bridi's case as a urinary tract infection caused by the bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This type of bacteria is usually contracted in the hospital.
Once bacteria enters the bloodstream, infection can wreak havoc. The patient often appears to have a severe case of the flu, according to information from the National Institutes of Health. A high fever, chills, rapid heart rate and rapid breathing are common. The patient can go into shock if not treated quickly, and the death rate can be as high as 50% depending on the type of bacteria. Patients are treated with antibiotics, fluids, blood pressure medication and sometimes blood products to prevent clotting.
Amputations of limbs are rare and most often occur in children and young people with septicemia because the infection causes clotting that then leads to tissue death.
Relatives of Bridi, who was a finalist to represent Brazil in the Miss World contest, emphasize that doctors are trying to save her life. A study published in September in the journal Pediatrics urges doctors not to withdraw life support in such severe cases of septicemia. The researchers studied children who underwent amputations because of meningococcal septicemia three to five years after their surgeries and found they were coping well and "had a good quality of life."
-- Shari Roan
Photo credit: Octavio Bastos / EPA

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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In East End Road facing Squires Lane stands the mansion known as the
Finchley Manor House. The grandson of Sir Thomas Allen built the stately
house in 1723.
The Allen family had held the manor for about a century before the
Georgian house was erected. It then remained in their possession until the
early 19th century. After 1830 the buildings were used as a Catholic
School. They now form part of the Sternberg Educational and Cultural
To the rear of the property can be seen the remains of a moat. This was
part of the earlier manor of Bibsworth. This manor is thought to have been
the residence of Michael Tovey, who was Mayor of London from 1247-8. By
1418 the manor had passed to Edward Bibsworth from whom it obtained its
name. It was the largest manor in the parish and included fishponds that
can still be seen on the north side of East End Road.
Search the London archaeological Archive and Research Centre catalogues

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Field king Roto Seed Drill is a combination of Rotary Tiller & Seed Drill. It is extensively used for sowing a wide variety of seeds like wheat, barley & grass seeding.
- It is a low maintenance combination of seed drill and Rotary tiller which is easy to operate and handle.
- It has a simple and easy metering system that allows the changing seed varieties with less seed wastage and provides assurance of better germination.
- It is a fluted roller-type metering system is controlled by a single hand lever.
- It is a metering device designed with a combination of aluminum & cast iron for better performance & durability.
- It is designed to work in extreme weather conditions
- It is useful in spreading of seeds & fertilizer at the same time which reduces the time of operation
- It can also be used as a rotary tiller
Beri Udyog Pvt Ltd


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Individuals wishing to enroll in the Class A CDL program must posses and/or provide the following:
- A completed registration form.
- $150 non-refundable registration fee.
- A completed disclosure and release form.
- A current valid driver's license.
- A High School diploma or GED from an accredited school in the USA. If this is not available you must successfully complete an entrance exam. This exam is given at no cost to you.
- A copy of a current DOT physical.
- A negative Pre-employment DOT drug screen completed within 30 days of the first day of training. The required forms are available at most hospitals and clinics. The cost of the DOT physical/drug screening is the student's responsibility. See the Drug Testing Requirements and providers available in Sioux Falls at the end of the packet.
- A Commercial Driver's Instructional Permit. To obtain a Commercial Driver's Instructional Permit, the following DOT tests are required: General Knowledge; Air Brakes; Combination Vehicles. Copies of the Commercial Driver's Handbook are available free of charge at any DOT testing station.
- Driving tests will be given in South Dakota only. If you hold a driver's license from another state, please check with us for available options.


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Definition of Microtubule motor protein
Microtubule motor protein: A protein that plays a role in spindle assembly and function or in chromosome movement during meiosis or mitosis. See: Dynein; and Kinesin.Source: MedTerms™ Medical Dictionary
Last Editorial Review: 10/9/2012
Drug Medical Dictionary of Terms by Letter
Medical Dictionary Term:
Find out what women really need.


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Main Article Content
An earth dwelling uses a conventional construction method developed throughout the world thousands of years ago. In many parts of rural China, peasants still live in this type of house, using earth as an alternative construction material. Their dwellings have shown the well-suited combination of mankind settlement and local environment. Chinese earth construction was transferred to other regions by overseas migrations and used in many countries including Thailand. With the raising of environmental issues, modern society has rediscovered earth as a sustainable material. This article categorizes and characterizes earth construction techniques which today still are utilized in China. The author believes that the adaptation of earth to hot and humid climates like Thailand could be successful as long as local conditions, materials, and construction skills are used efficiently. However, research and demonstration projects for innovative are also essential.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.


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Scenic Trips to the Geologic Past #
Cumbres and Toltec Scenic Railroad
By H. L. James, 1972, 73 pp., 51 figs.
A historic, geographic, and geologic trip on the famed CATS Railway from Chama, New Mexico, to Antonito, Colorado, with milepost-by-milepost rail log in both direc- tions. A historic and geologic excursion along the route of the Cumbres and Toltec Scenic Railway-crisscrossing the ColoradoNew Mexico border 11 times. Made possible by the only interstate railroad author-ity of its type in the U.S., the 65 mi run along the southern slopes of the San Juan Mountains crosses valley floors, alpine meadows, pine and aspen forests, and parallels the 1,100 ft Toltec gorge. The notes on geography, geology, and a reprint of a sub- stantial part of The Crest of the Continent, a classic account by mineralogist Ernest Ingersoll of his 1883 trip on the same narrow-gauge railroad, are of special interest. Cumbres Pass, over 10,000 ft in elevation, is the highest railroad grade in North America.
$4.50 Buy Now
Note: availability of this item is limited!


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Pakistani climate activist Ayisha Siddiqa has been named 'Women of the Year 2023'. The 24-year-old is also a human rights activist and believes poetry represents hope – a way to bring humanity back into high-level conversations.
Siddiqa shared an original poem at the annual U.N. Climate Conference in Egypt in November, it was titled "So much about your sustainability, my people are dying" and was about how leaders have failed to act on climate change.
Ayisha Siddiqa added that the effects of high levels of negligence could be seen in life-altering events, including the Pakistan floods that washed away millions of homes and thousands of lives. Even months after the floods, the affectees still suffer from hunger and diseases as they still do not have a roof over their heads or access to resources.
Feeling hurt and wanting to protest, Ayisha Siddiqua channelled her feelings in the form of poetry, "It's an effort to preserve what I have left, while I still have the time, in written form," she says.
"Art makes life worth living, and in my opinion, it's what makes humans worth the fight. Like all of the things that we leave behind, all the creations, wouldn't it be so unfortunate if there's nobody on the other side to witness and observe them?"
Ayisha Siddiqa – A 14-year-old Visionary
Siddiqa was 14 years old when she realized how climate change has impacted the environment and how dangerous it has become for civilization. She also witnessed the demise of her grandparents who passed due to the contamination caused by the pollution of river water.
At 16, she became more aware of the links between climate change and human rights, including that access to resources was a reason worth killing for. "The wounded world is so beautiful because she keeps producing life," she says. "And my work is in defence of life. By default, it's a defence of the rights of women. Therefore, it's also by default human rights."
Eventually, it was these wake-up calls and her values that motivated Ayisha Siddiqua to raise her voice and uplift those who became vulnerable while calling out the polluters who are responsible. "I was raised with the idea that the earth is a living being, that she gives life to you and in return, you have a responsibility," she says. "And I think we, collectively, have come to a point where we are ignoring the cries of mother earth."
In 2020, Ayisha Siddiqa co-founded Polluters Out, a global youth activist coalition and helped in the launch of the Fossil Free University (an activism training course). She is also working to help set up a youth climate justice fund to help correct the imablance of resources against the fossil fuel industry.
According to a 2018 study, when it comes to climate action lobbying, the fossil fuel industry out-spends activists and the renewable energy sector by a factor of 10:1. Siddiqa's work aims to fund philanthtrophists and activits around the globe.
"This work is definitely intergenerational," she says. "I am young now. Tomorrow, I won't be. I absolutely love working with people younger than me to pass on this knowledge so that the chain never breaks."
Kudos to Ayisha Siddiqa for her selfless contributions.
Stay tuned to WOW360.


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The Joint Pilot Activities
Installation of Water Level Gauge Stations
- Purpose: To grasp water level fluctuation of the wetland. The water level is very important and essential baseline information to manage all of conservation activities.
- Outcome: 4 stations were installed and started to monitor in 1.Nahang Roga, 2.Sorkhankol, 3.Sosar Roga and 4.Abkenar in October 2015. Remote monitoring can be available by mobile network.
- Future Plan: Monitoring should always be conducted to manage the wetland ecosystem.
- Topic: According to the result of water level monitoring, the water level at Sorkhankol Wildlife Refuge is almost the same as that in the Caspian Sea during dry season. It rises in conjunction with increasing rainfall and the water level at Sorkhankol keeps about 10 cm higher than in the Caspian Sea. Further accurate trend of water flow among Sorkhankol , West lagoon and Caspian Sea will be clarified after precise leveling which is now ongoing.


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loose2 [transitive] literary
to make something unpleasant begin:
And now the anger Maggie had feared was loosed.
to make something loose or to untie someone or something, especially an animal
to fire an arrow, a bullet from a gun etc
loose something on/upon somebody/somethingphrasal verb
to allow something dangerous or harmful to begin to affect a situation or other people:
the evils loosed upon humanity in World War II


Center for International Education
Holloway Hall
Untitled 1
Because Salisbury is situated between the Chesapeake Bay and the Atlantic Ocean, the climate here is rather mild, and the weather often humid. In the summer the high temperatures range from 85 F (29 C) to 95F (35C) and in the winter the lows range from 20F (-12C) to 30F (-6.5C), with 40F (4.5 C) being the average winter temperature. Although Salisbury rarely experiences extreme weather conditions (i.e. hurricanes, tornadoes, blizzards), heavy thunderstorms occur from April through September. This mild climate provides for small amount of snow during our short winter, beautiful springs, tropical summers and warm autumns.
Celsius -18 -10 0 10 20 30 40
Fahrenheit 0 14 32 50 68 85 105
C = 5 / 9 (F-32)
F = 9 / 5 C +32


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Application Deadline: 30 April 2016
The Centre of African Studies offers 3 MSc scholarships to African residents as part of the Governance for Development in Africa Initiative funded by the Mo Ibrahim Foundation.
- Domicile/Residency: Applicants must be domiciled (or permanent residents) in an African country. Preference will be given to scholarship candidates living in Sub‐Saharan Africa.
- Eligible Programmes: MSc (Full‐time) undertaken by scholarship applicants must directly address or be applicable to the issue of Governance in Africa.
- Assessment: Scholarship candidates will be assessed based on their academic merit and references. SOAS is committed to accepting only those scholarship candidates who can demonstrate an ability to complete a MSc in one year.
- You should print out the Application Form, sign and scan it and email this along withCV and Supporting Statement in a single email to:
Ms Angelica Baschiera at [email protected]
- Email applications are preferable, but if you are unable to send your application by email,please post it to:
Once the place is secured, the applicants can apply for the scholarship. Candidates will be assessed on academic merit by a panel consisting of SOAS academic members. The assessment of your application will be based on the information in your scholarship application. Selectors will be looking at the following:
- academic achievement and evidence of critical analytical capabilities;
- supporting statement;
- evidence of interest in and knowledge of linkages between governance and development
FOR MORE INFORMATION:


Allowed incoming accounts
You can specify the accounts that are allowed to access the audit store database. By configuring these accounts, you can control which collector computers can connect to the audit store database and which management databases have access to the data stored in the audit store database.
Your account must have Manage SQL Login permission to configure the incoming accounts.
To configure allowed accounts:
 1. Open Audit Manager.
 2. Expand the installation node, then expand Audit Stores and select a specific audit store name.
 3. Select a database under the audit store, right-click, then select Properties.
 4. Click the Advanced tab.
 5. Click Add to add a collector or management database account. For example:
 6. Select an authentication type.
 - If you select Windows authentication, you can browse to select a computer, user, or group to add.
 - If you select SQL Server authentication, you can select an existing SQL Server login or create a new login.
Connections should use Windows authentication whenever possible. However, computers in an untrusted forest cannot connect to an audit management database using Windows authentication. To allow connections from an untrusted forest, add a SQL Server login account as the incoming account for the management database.


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COLLAGEN FROM FISH SCALES CAN HEAL WOUNDS, SINGAPORE STUDY FINDS
SINGAPORE, Collagen derived from fish scales could be used to used to heal wounds, Channel NewsAsia reported citing the findings of a study conducted by researchers at the Nanyang Technological University (NTU) and National University of Singapore (NUS).
The study included fish scales from fishes that are commonly cooked such as sea bass, snakehead and tilapia.
The scales, usually removed before cooking, contain collagen that can be chemically modified to be water-soluble and used for various biomedical applications, NTU said in a press release on Monday.
The modified collagen can also incorporate drugs to produce wound dressings with a higher healing potential, according to the findings from the team comprising associate professor Cleo Choong and associate professor Andrew Tan from NTU, and associate professor Veronique Angeli from NUS.
The modified collagen was later tested on mice and it was found that it helped improve the "potential for tissue repair and regeneration", according to the study that was published in the research journal Acta Biomaterialia.–NNN-BERNAMA
Source: NAM News Network


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There was fear and panic among residents of Mbuyu Sub-Location, Gwa Kung'u in Nyandarua County after a newly-built public dam burst its banks on Tuesday following a heavy downpour.The 100,000 cubic metres Karai dam built by the National Irrigation Board (NIB) broke its banks but, luckily, drained its water into an adjacent colonial check dam
thus averting disaster.
Summary: Chief Minister informed the state assembly that a panel had been constituted and it would soon submit a report on whether the collapse of the check dam
had caused the destruction in the region
The check dam
pond water balance indicates the volume of spilled water, potential water to percolate into the soil, and the amount of water to be stored in the pond.
Projects include the the Qaus Check Dam
1, which is 152m long and 15m high, has a capacity of 2.3 million cubic metres of flood water, and the Qaus Check Dam
2, which has a capacity to hold 1.16 million cubic metres of floodwater.
The projects visited by the minister included Qaus Check Dam
2, which has a capacity to hold 1.16 million cubic meters of floodwater.
Their topics include a global and historical introduction to traditional uses of check dams
, check dams
in the torrent control practice in small mountainous catchments, managing stream morphology with check dams
, filtering-retention check dam
design in mountain torrents, induced morphological changes affecting the stability of check dam
systems, local scouring at check dams
in mountain rivers, and upstream and downstream effects of check dams
in braided rivers in the Central Pyrenees.


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Residual Value or a Balloon Payment Explained
Jacaranda Team
Jacaranda Team
January 15, 20215 minute read
Quality Checked
Taking out loans for various reasons is a smart option in around many parts of the globe, including Australia. The decision to get an advance goes with other choices, such as whether to get a residual value or not. Under certain situations, there is provision for borrowers to use a residual repayment option. Those situations majorly concern leasing of vehicles. Usually, the terms residual and balloon occur interchangeably in financial jargon. You may stumble across some of such terms when talking about loans or leases. Residual values and balloon loans are about to get demystified in this article.
On this page:
 What is a residual value?
 The residual value of a car is suitable for addressing car leases. The residual value refers to the worth of a leased car after the lease period. We all know that vehicles depreciate by a certain percentage over years of usage. Thus there is inevitable depreciation on the worth of the car would be higher before taking a lease than after. The residual value is in a place to tell us that price difference and what the new figure is. This value plays a vital role in the determination of the monthly payments towards the lease. Car lenders or leasers often determine the exact residual value, but there are specific guidelines put in place by the Australian Taxation Organisation (ATO). These guidelines spell out the least amount the residual value of a car can stand at after each year after the lease expires.
 The following are the guidelines put in place by the Australian Taxation Organisation (ATO): For a car lease of 1 year, the minimum residual value will be 65.63% of the original value; for a car lease of 2 years, the minimum residual value will be 56.25% of the actual value; for a car lease of 3 years, the minimum residual value will be 46.88% of the original value; for a car lease of 4 years, the minimum residual value will be 37.5% of the actual value; for a car lease of 5 years, the minimum residual value will be 28.13% of the original value. As is seen from the ATO guidelines, there is a steady and constant decline in the minimum percentage residual value as the years' increase. The monthly payments towards the lease are lower because of the residual value of the car.
 What is a balloon payment?
 A balloon payment is useful for both car loans and car leases. It also deals with the idea of "residual". It is the amount of money which has remained after the majority of the funds or payments are complete. When you take out and loan or a lease, you are required to make regular payments (usually monthly but it subject to the terms of the loan contract). When a balloon payment is involved in the loan, there will also be a specified amount you would need to pay after the loan or lease has expired to retain or acquire full ownership of the vehicle in question. Whenever there's a balloon payment request at the end of the loan, the regular repayments reduce. Balloon payments and residual values can work hand in hand on the same projects.
 Similarities between residual values and balloon payments
 Both the residual value and the balloon payment work with specified quantities after the period of an advance. The two terms refer to an amount paid after the extermination of a lease or loan. While balloon payments are predominately applicable when talking about a loan, and residual values when talking about leases, they both specify that their operations occur at the end of the agreeable debt.
 They both lessen your monthly payments towards your car. Whenever either of the factors into debts, they have the tender to reduce the amount you pay at regular intervals up until the end. The benefit of this system is that since there is an accumulated sum at the end, it leads to freeing up some of the payment burdens and somewhat compiling them at the end.
 Having reduced payments sounds nice but also note that they attract higher interest rates. Though the monthly payments are made cheaper, you often end up spending slightly more on residual and balloon payments car loan than on a regular car loan.
 Differences between the residual value and a balloon payment
 People usually get confused as to whether there is any difference in the usage of both of these terms. Though they are quite similar, there are slight differences between the two of them. Residual values are more accurate in regards to a lease, rather than a loan. The residual value is also an estimated and approximated value of the depression the car will experience after each year. While the balloon payment is technically usable for both car leases and car loans, it tends to talk more about a loan than a lease. Balloon payments are also not a percentage of depreciation or estimated depreciation. The balloon payment is less of an approximate minimisation and more of just cutting off some repayments and piling them up at the end.
 If you have plans to sell the car after the lease for whatever reason, it is a good principle for the balloon payment not to exceed the residual value. In simpler terms, the amount you owe after the loan to be less than the value of the car after the loan. If the value of the vehicle is greater than the balloon payment, you will be at a loss after selling the car because the proceeds from the car will not be enough to cover the balloon payment. You will have to cover the balloon payment will have through some other means.
 The market (car market) is unstable and full of fluctuations. It uses many factors such as depreciation and availability of a specific make, model or year. Before applying for a loan in such an unstable world, one must fully understand all terms and conditions and their workings.
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text: Static and dynamic characteristics of a mixed flow pump were measured at low flow rate, where the steady characteristic curves show a positive slope. Unsteady flow was measured at upstream and downstream of impeller, as well as on the casing wall of diffuser passage by using a fast response five-hole pitot tube and semi-conductor type pressure transducers. Dynamic response of the pump to the sinusoidal change in flow rate was measured under constant rotational speed. As a result of the unsteady flow measurements, the positive slope of steady characteristic was found to be caused by the impeller tip separation, inlet backflow, and pre-rotation. Moreover, the dynamic characteristics of the pump were found to become unstable with the increased frequency of flow rate.


Shou Sugi Ban (burnt cypress) is a traditional Japanese technique in which coniferous wood is charred on one side. Traditionally, this was done by binding three boards together to form a chimney and starting a fire at the bottom. The original reason for charring was, ironically, fire prevention. As Japanese houses were mostly made of wood, inhabitants of the villages and towns were very aware of fire risks. The scorching of the façades created a fire-retardant carbon layer. They also discovered that this layer offered good protection against vermin and fungus. The ancient art of Shou Sugi Ban is still being used on houses on the islands of Kanawa's prefecture. Shou Sugi Ban or Yakisugi ties in with the Japanese life philosophy of Wabi Sabi, and the pure vision of beauty.
Does the carbon layer always stay the same?
This depends on the type, but in principle the carbon layer of our burnt wood weathers under the influence of wind, rain and hail. The lifespan of the carbon layer depends on the orientation of the facade and the location of the building. The black carbon layer of our burnt wood ages over the years and then acquires a beautiful patina (weathering), such as a light sheen, or a craquelé surface, for example. The natural aging and weathering over time does not detract from the visual appeal, on the contrary, it contributes to it! This fits within the above-mentioned Japanese philosophy of life of Wabi Sabi. On the product data sheets of our products (downloadable on the product page), you can see how the wood ages.
For indoor use we always fix the charred wood. For the exterior we often advise not to fix the wood. This ensures that the charred wood retains a beautiful, natural shine and is also more durable than when the wood is fixed. In the course of time the release of the wood will decrease and for a number of variants this will eventually stop. Most burned types of wood, also for exterior use, can also be fixed if desired. We will be happy to advise you about this.
How do I maintain the wood?
Unfixed planks with a carbon layer do not require any maintenance.
Planks that have been burned and brushed have a stain or oil layer. This wood requires periodic maintenance every three to six years. If you do not maintain Shodoshima / Takamatsu / Sakaide exterior, the stain layer will eventually harden and flake. Below this, the white wood will emerge and 'age'.
The product specification sheet that you will find on each product page explains exactly if and what maintenance the different products need.


Ash Content ASTM D2584, D5630, ISO 3451
Ash Content analysis of plastics ASTM D2584, ASTM D5630, ISO 3451
An Ash test is used to determine if a material is filled. The test will identify the total filler content. It cannot identify individual percentages in multi-filled materials without additional test procedures being performed. An ash test cannot be used to determine the percent carbon fiber or percent carbon black since carbon burns off during the Ash test.
An Ash test involves taking a known amount of sample, placing the weighed sample into a dried / pre-weighed porcelain crucible, burning away the polymer in an air atmosphere at temperatures above 500°C, and weighing the crucible after it is has been cooled to room temperature in a desiccator. Ash residue remaining in the crucible is considered filler unless the residue is less than 1%. Residues of less than 1% are typically the result of additives that did not burn off.
The Ash test result is expressed as % ash. A magnified optical examination of the ash residue is performed to determine if the ash is glass, mineral, or a combination of both. The total ash content equals the weight of the ash divided by the weight of the original sample multiplied by 100%.
Specimen size:
Six grams of sample is typically used, which represents three crucibles each containing two grams of sample. Smaller sample weights can be tested but accuracy diminishes with smaller sample sizes.
Typically the average of 3 crucibles is reported.
Further Analysis:
Identification of Filler
Smaller sample sizes:
TGA (Thermogravimetric Analysis) is an alternative method to determine filler content with smaller samples sizes.
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text:
Word of the Week--"Fjord"
Definition--a long narrow steep-sided inlet of the sea between two steep slopes, e.g. in Norway, Greenland or Alaska, formed by the flooding of a previously glaciated valley.
Discussion--If you look up words that start with the letters "fj" in the allwords dictionary, you won't find much. (And if you believed my elementary school teachers, you shouldn't find anything.) Few Scandinavian words have migrated to English or the Romance languages, and "fj" is a decidedly Scandinavian consonant construction.
I love the sound of the term fjord and have dubbed it my favorite "fj" word. It is a lonely term in our language, just as a fjord is generally a lonely place. Deep water surrounded by cliffs can have an oppressive feel, but I suspect they are just the place for quiet contemplation.
Etymology--Not surprisingly, Fjord has Scandinavian roots. It is Norwegian, from the Old Norse fjr.
The languages below show all show the same roots.
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A Flight Operation Officer Training, developed to enhance the participants to directly contribute for safety and reliability of flight operations. The acquired skills will improve the applicants ability to analyze and evaluate operational problems, maximize the ability of using all resources available for flight operation preparations, thereby improving their judgment and decision making skills.
Upon completion of this course the participants will be qualified able : To applu concepts learned in DRM training in the performance of their duties and responsibilities To develop awareness of good versus poor performance, to accept the need for supportive and co-operative interrelationship between flight dispatcher and crew members
Who Should Attend
Flight Operation Officer
Pelita Air Training Center Bandar Udara Pondok Cabe Jl. Pondok Cabe Raya Pamulang – Tangerang Selatan
Initial Training : 1 Days


text:
October 3, 2011 | A team that includes NCAR scientists Anne Boynard and Alex Guenther has found that the rate at which plant canopies emit isoprene, a volatile organic compound, is influenced by circadian rhythms. The discovery has the potential to lead to more accurate predictions of ground-level ozone, which is harmful to human health.
For the study, the researchers made measurements of isoprene in Malaysia above both tropical rain forest and oil palm plantations. They observed for the first time ever a circadian (24-hour) rhythm operating in concert across the entire tree canopy, especially in the palm plantation.
The finding changes how scientists estimate isoprene emissions from plants, as both the palm plantations and rain forest emit less isoprene than shown by computer models of emissions. This has implications for ground-level ozone, which forms when volatile organic compounds such as isoprene react with nitrogen oxides from automobiles and industry.
The researchers incorporated the circadian pattern into the NCAR Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature (MEGAN) model to estimate isoprene emissions for input to ozone models. They then compared simulated ground-level ozone to observed ozone measurements from 290 monitoring sites in the United States. They found that model accuracy was significantly improved. Accounting for circadian impacts on isoprene emissions could especially improve ozone predictions in isoprene-sensitive regions of the world, which include the United States, Mediterranean, Middle East, Japan, and parts of Southeast Asia.
The research was published in Nature Geoscience in September.
C. N. Hewitt, K. Ashworth, A. Boynard, A. Guenther, B. Langford, A. R. MacKenzie, P. K. Misztal, E. Nemitz, S. M. Owen, M. Possell, T. A. M. Pugh, A. C. Ryan, O. Wild, "Ground-level ozone influenced by circadian control of isoprene emissions," Nature Geoscience, 2011; DOI: 10.1038/ngeo1271


text:
Figure 8-6 Logger
The pressure sensor measurement line is indicated by the machined line around the logger body, just above the pressure access holes (Figure 8-6).
The pressure transducer is oriented in a plane normal to the long axis of the body, and detects pressure directed along the plane of the long axis. In vertical orientations, the sensor detects pressure above the pressure transducer line. In non-vertical orientations, the pressure zero point is proportional to the angle of inclination.


Do Lions Chuff Like Tigers?
In their younger ages, lions can indeed make similar sounds to a meow.
Most older lions will resort to low moans and groans when socially bonding with one another, often trying to drown each other out with their sounds!
It's their equivalent of a purr, or in the case of some other big cats, the equivalent of a "chuff."
What does a lion Chuffing mean?
Prusten is also referred to as chuffing or chuffle (verb and noun). It is described as a short, low intensity, non-threatening vocalization. The vocalization is produced by tigers, jaguars, snow leopards and clouded leopards. Prusten has significance in both the fields of evolution and conservation.
What does it mean when a tiger Chuffs at you?
She also found that to greet one another (or their human keepers), tigers make a special noise called a prusten, or chuff, by keeping their mouths closed while pushing air through their nostrils. "The forests aren't the way people often picture jungles with tigers.
How do you chuff like a tiger?
Suggested clip 119 seconds
How to chuff – YouTube
Start of suggested clip
End of suggested clip
Do cats chuff like tigers?
Domestic cats don't chuff. Tigers chuff. It is a form of communication made at close range and part of the tiger's greeting behaviour. The tiger chuff is sometimes described as a 'prusten'.
Are there tigers in Bali?
Tiger (Panthera tigris)
In the past, Indonesia had three subspecies of tigers: Bali, Java, and Sumatran tigers. The Bali tiger was extinct in the 1930s and Java tiger in 1970s. The last of Indonesia's tigers are holding on for survival against deforestation, poaching, and human-tiger conflicts.
Do lions roar to scare prey?
When lions get old and lose teeth, they are no longer able to hunt and attack, so they become the guards of the pride. Their entire purpose is to roar and scare any approaching prey towards the younger lions, so they can attack. All he can do is roar to scare us.


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The Aqua Dragons backer carded kit allows children to use their own container, a clean jam jar or plastic tub for example,to grow Aqua Dragons at a pocket money price. This product can also be used as a refill kit for underwater world. Just add water and the Aqua Dragons miraculously hatch in only 2-3 days and can grow up to 2cm long. AQUA DRAGONS FAQ 1. Are they really alive? Yes, the Artemia salina (which is the scientific name for what we call Aqua Dragons) are live organisms and they need you to care for them. 2. What temperature should the water be? The ideal water temperature range for hatching is 21 to 27ºC. It is important that the water is at this temperature in order for your Aqua Dragons to hatch and during the first delicate week of life. 3. How many Aqua Dragons should hatch? A difficult question; it depends on the water, the temperature, the number of microscopic eggs that were in the packet, so could be between 10 and 50. 4. Do I have to change the water? No, the water has a special ph and salinity level that is established by the contents of the eggs sachet. So don't change the water! However the water does evaporate so you can fill up, slowly using room temperature bottled spring water in small quantities each time. Do not use tap water. 5. How do I oxygenate the water? We recommend that you shake the water before adding the eggs so that it is oxygenated well from the start then begin using the pipette to oxygenate the water. Squeeze and release the pipette to let air into the chamber. Put the pipette tip in the water and then squeeze again to blow the stored air into the water. Repeat this for 30 seconds every few days. 6. How often should I feed my Aqua Dragons? The amount you feed should correspond to the number of Aqua Dragons you hatch. If you have only a few Aqua Dragons, feed every 4-5 days. If you have a large hatch of 20+ Aqua Dragons feed every other day. 7. Do Aqua Dragons like sunlight? Yes they love it, just make sure you don't leave them in the direct sun where the water would overheat! 8. Do Aqua Dragons bite? No... actually they don't have a mouth; they eat through their wings which work like gills. 9. How long do Aqua Dragons live? Each Aqua Dragon can reach adult hood at one month and can live for up to 90 days, however if you care for them well you may see that they reproduce so you could have life in the tank for much longer. 10. How big do Aqua Dragons grow? Up to 20mm but this may take up to two months. 11. What do I do if one of the dragons dies? When an Aqua Dragon dies it will float down to the bottom of your habitat and slowly biodegrade. In effect they become part of the habitat so it is not necessary to remove them. 12. Initially I had lots of hatchlings but now I am left with just a few adults? Not all the Aqua Dragons that hatch will survive into adulthood, otherwise we'd be overrun! It's normal and natural for many to hatch and for only some to make it through to adulthood. 13. The water is dirty, what do I do? This is normally due to over-feeding. Stop feeding until the Aqua Dragons have had time to process all the food in the tank. It could take a week or so for the water to become clear again but the water won't become bad, because it is salty. 14. Can Aqua Dragons live in my regular fish aquarium? As they are small, regular fish will eat them, so do not introduce them into your home aquarium.
EU Warning: Not suitable for children under the age of 3 years due to small parts which could cause a choking hazard.
Supplier Contact Details: _EMAIL_ Supplier Phone: UK 01200 445113 ROI 0044 1200 445113


Replace Transform
NOTE: Transforms are a part of the underlying language, which is not directly accessible to users. This content is maintained for reference purposes only. For more information on the user-accessible equivalent to transforms, see Transformation Reference.
Replaces values within the specified column or columns based on the string literal, pattern, or location within the cell value, as specified in the transform.
The replace transform is used primarily to match on patterns within a string. For entire cell replacement across all rows of the column, use the set transform. See Set Transform.
Basic Usage
on parameter example:
Specifies the string literal or pattern to match.
replace col: text on: 'honda' with:'toyota' global: true
Output: Replaces all instances in the text column of honda with toyota. If honda appears twice a cell, both instances are replaced with toyota.
at parameter example:
Specifies the beginning character and ending character as index values for the match.
replace col: text at: 2,6 with:'replacement text'
Output: For all values in the text column, replace the substring between character 2 and 6 in the column with the value replacement text. If the length of the original cell value is less than 6, the replacement value is inserted.
Parameters
replace col:column_ref with:'literal_replacement' [at:(start_index,end_index)] [on:string_literal_pattern] [global:true|false]
TokenRequired?Data TypeDescription
replaceYtransformName of the transform
colYstringName of column where to make replacements
withYsee belowLiteral value with which to replace matched values
afterNstringString literal or pattern that precedes the pattern to match
atNArrayTwo-integer array identifying the character indexes of start and end characters to match
beforeNstringString literal or pattern that appears after the pattern to match
fromNstringString literal or pattern that identifies the start of the pattern to match
toNstringString literal or pattern that identifies the end of the pattern to match
onNstringString literal or pattern that identifies the cell characters to replace
globalNbooleanIf true, all occurrences of matches are replaced. Default is false.
For more information on syntax standards, see Language Documentation Syntax Notes.
col
Identifies the column or columns to which to apply the transform. You can specify one or more columns.
To specify multiple columns:
 - Discrete column names are comma-separated.
 - Values for column names are case-sensitive.
replace col: MyCol on: 'MyString' with: 'myNewString'
Output: Replaces value MyString in MyCol column with myNewString.
Usage Notes:
Required?Data Type
YesString (column name)
with
Merge Columns transformation: Specifies the delimiter between columns that are merged. If this parameter is not specified, no delimiter is applied.
Replace Text or Pattern transformation: Specifies the replacement value.
For the replace transform, this value must be a literal value. You can apply values of String or other data types. After replacement, the column data type is re-inferred.
NOTE: Some regular expression capture groups with references (such as $2) are supported across all running environments. See Capture Group References.
Usage Notes:
Required?Data Type
YesLiteral of any data type
after
replace col:Primary_URL with:'' after:'http({any}|):'
Output: All content after the protocol identifier (http: or https:) is dropped.
A pattern identifier that precedes the value or pattern to match. Define the after parameter value using string literals, regular expressions, or Cloud Dataprep patterns.
Usage Notes:
Required?Data Type
NoString (string literal or pattern)
 - The after and from parameters are very similar. from includes the matching value as part of the replaced string.
 - after can be used with either to, on, or before. See Pattern Clause Position Matching.
at
replace col: MyCol at: 2,6 with:'MyNewString'
Output: Replace contents of MyCol that starts at the second character in the column and extends to the sixth character with the value MyNewString.
Identifies the start and end point of the pattern to interest.
Parameter inputs are in the form of x,y where x and y are positive integers indicating the starting character and ending character, respectively, of the pattern of interest.
 - x must be less than y.
 - If y is greater than the length of the value, the pattern is defined to the end of the value, and a match is made.
Usage Notes:
Required?Data Type
Must use either on or at parameterArray of two Integers ( X,Y )
before
A pattern identifier that occurs after the value or pattern to match. Define the pattern using string literals, regular expressions, or Cloud Dataprep patterns.
replace col:credit_card with:'****-***-***-' after:'{start}' before:'({digit}{4}){end}'
Output:
 - Replaces first three groups of digits in the credit_card column with asterisks, effectively masking the number.
Usage Notes:
Required?Data Type
NoString or pattern
 - The before and to parameters are very similar. to includes the matching value as part of the replaced string.
 - before can be used with either from, on, or after. See Pattern Clause Position Matching.
from
Identifies the pattern that marks the beginning of the value to match. Pattern can be a string literal, Cloud Dataprep pattern, or regular expression. The from value is included in the match.
replace col: MyCol from: '<END>' with: ''
Output:
 - All content from the string <END> to the end of the string value in MyCol is removed.
Usage Notes:
Required?Data Type
NoString or pattern
 - The after and from parameters are very similar. from includes the matching value as part of the replaced string.
 - from can be used with either to or before. See Pattern Clause Position Matching.
to
Identifies the pattern that marks the ending of the value to match. Pattern can be a string literal, Cloud Dataprep pattern, or regular expression. The to value is included in the match.
replace col:ssn with:'***-**-' to:'{digit}{3}-{digit}{2}-'
Output:
 - Replace first two number groups in the column ssn with asterisks to mask the data.
Usage Notes:
Required?Data Type
NoString or pattern
 - The before and to parameters are very similar. to includes the matching value as part of the replaced string.
 - to can be used with either from or after. See Pattern Clause Position Matching.
on
replace col: MyCol on: '###ERROR' with:'No error here'
Identifies the pattern to match. Pattern can be a string literal, Cloud Dataprep pattern, or regular expression pattern.
Tip: You can insert the Unicode equivalent character for this parameter value using a regular expression of the form /\uHHHH/. For example, /\u0013/ represents Unicode character 0013 (carriage return). For more information, see Supported Special Regular Expression Characters.
Usage Notes:
Required?Data Type
Must use either on or at parameterString or pattern
global
Indicates whether any match should be applied to one instance or to all.
 - (Default) If false, apply transform only to the first instance.
 - If true, apply to all found matches.
NOTE: If you have specified the pattern to match with the at parameter, then the number of possible replacement instances is only 1, so the global parameter is not used.
Usage Notes:
Required?Data Type
No. Default is false.Boolean
Examples
Example - Clean up marketing contact data with replace, set, and extract
This example illustrates the different uses of the following transformations to replace or extract cell data:
 - set - defines the values to use in a predefined column. See Set Transform.
 Tip: Use the derive transform to generate a new column containing a defined set of values. See Derive Transform.
 - replace - replaces a string literal or pattern appearing in the values of a column with a specific string. See Replace Transform.
 - extract - extracts a pattern-based value from a column and stores it in a new column. See Extract Transform.
Source:
The following dataset contains contact information that has been gathered by your marketing platform from actions taken by visitors on your website. You must clean up this data and prepare it for use in an analytics platform.
LeadIdLastNameFirstNameTitlePhoneRequest
LE160301001JonesCharlesChief Technical Officer415-555-1212reg
LE160301002LyonsEdward 415-012-3456download whitepaper
LE160301003MartinMaryCEO510-555-5555delete account
LE160301004SmithTaliaEngineer510-123-4567free trial
Transformation:
Title column: For example, you first notice that some data is missing. Your analytics platform recognizes the string value, "#MISSING#" as an indicator of a missing value. So, you click the missing values bar in the Title column. Then, you select the Replace suggestion card. Note that the default replacement is a null value, so you click Edit and update it:
Transformation Name Edit column with formula
Parameter: Columns Title
Parameter: Formula if(ismissing([Title]),'#MISSING


text:
Diagnostics and Modeling of H (-) Ion Sources
Final rept. 1 Sep 1989-31 Dec 1991,
ECOLE POLYTECHNIQUE PALAISEAU (FRANCE) LAB DE PHYSIQUE DES MILIEUX IONISES
Pagination or Media Count:
The negative ion temperature has been measured in hydrogen and deuterium, using the laser photodetachment technique. The negative ion temperature is strongly dependent on the neutral gas pressure, the discharge current and the electron temperature. It was inferred that many-body processes fields, turbulence or collisions in fields cause an increase in the negative ion temperature and adversely affect extracted beam quality. The deuterium negative ion temperature is significantly lower, compared to that found in hydrogen. The modeling of surface effects has been initiated by varying the surfacevolume ratio in a pure volume negative ion source. It was found that the increase of this ratio was only effective for enhancing the negative ion density when the power density was high enough, so that the volume destruction processes should control the production of vibrationally excited molecules. The modeling of a volume source with some amount of surface negative ion production due to positive ion and atom impact has shown that increasing the surfacevolume ratio leads to a significant increase in negative ion density.
- Plasma Physics and Magnetohydrodynamics


How to Assemble Office Chair in 6 Steps
Last Updated on by Artem
Fortunately, there is no rocket science involved, however, if you still need some pointers on how to assemble office chair, you are in the right place.
In this short guide I go over everything you need in order to put it together as fast as possible. So if you got yourself a chair from our list, let's get right to its assembly!
Office Chair Assembly in 6 Steps
For the sake of this guide we are going to use assembly instructions for an office chair sold by Posturion.
Here is what you get in the box once you open it up.
The cool part is that everything you need for assembly is included with the chair itself.
Now we are ready to piece everything together! You will find all the steps right below but here is a video if you prefer that.
Step 1: Insert The Legs Into The Base
Turn the chair's base (14) upside down, and then insert the legs (6), one by one, into the base. You don't need to put much pressure to do that.
Next, screw ten bolts (13) into the pre-drilled holes with the wrench (15) to attach the base and the legs. Again, make sure the bolts are screwed in tightly but don't apply too much effort.
Step 2: Install The Casters and The Gas Lift
This is easy. Press the casters (7) into the holes at the end of each base leg one by one.
Then insert the gas lift (5) to the base. Follow the instructions and make sure the gas lift is positioned vertically on the base of the chair.
Step 3: Assemble The Armrests
Amrests are essential for maintaining a good sitting posture. Time to attach them to the chair!
Now you need to turn the Seat (2) upside down and align three holes on one of the Armrests (3) with the pre-drilled holes under the Seat.
Attach the Armrest to the Seat with three Bolts (10) using the Wrench (15). Repeat on the other side of armrest.
Move one to the next step once you get this done.
Step 4: Attach The Mechanism
Time to add the office chair height mechanism to the base of your office chair.
Align the mechanism (4) over the pre-drilled holes underneath the Seat (2), make sure the front of the mechanism is facing the front of the Seat. Attach the office chair mechanism to the Seat with four Bolts (8), and tighten all bolts with the Wrench (15).
*Follow the instructions and be extra cautious as mis-threading the bolts will damage the chair!
Step 5: Add The Headrest
Time to give this office chair a headrest!
To do it, turn the Back (1) upright and attach the seat while aligning three holes of the Mechanism (4). Attach three Bolts (9) with the Wrench.
Step 6: Put Office Chair Parts Together
Finally! It's time to assemble the chair by putting the base together with the upper part.
Here are the instructions.
Align the hole at bottom of the seat with the Gas Lift, put the body of the chair on the Gas Lift. Fix the Headrest (11) on top of the chair by attaching two Bolts (12).
Can't assemble your office chair? Here are 2 of the most common reasons for the assembly process to go wrong.
Reason 1: You Got Lost
Office furniture instructions, at times, look almost like rocket launcher drawings. They can be confusing and…that's all right.
If you feel like you got lost, here is what you need to do.
First, take a short break. Seriously, let it go for 5-10 minutes! Your brain will be ready for the challenge after taking a breather.
Second, start over. Yes, starting all over again seems like a time-consuming process but…it's a standard operating procedure that you need to go through in order to accomplish the office chair assembly business you are pursuing so vigorously. This step will also help you to make sure you have done everything right and followed the instructions. It will also help you to catch any mistakes you might have done accidentally (e.g. using a bolt for the wrong part).
The majority of issues tend to resolve themselves after you look at the instructions with fresh eye.
Now, what if you are still unable to put the chair together?
Reason 2: Missing Parts
Infrequently manufacturers ship chair boxes with certain parts missing. This is why it's important you check that the package includes everything you need to put the chair together. You should compare everything you see in the box to the list printed inside the manual that comes with the chair.
Here is the one from the chair sold by Posturion.
In case you discover that parts are missing, feel free to reach out to the vendor for them to send the bits you need. Usually there is no problem with that.


text:
Few supply chain executives expect to see strategic benefits from compliance. To them, compliance is purely a cost of doing business. These same supply chain executives tend to view global trade management software systems as a technology that enables their supply chains by automating export and import compliance processes.
Export processes managed by global trade management software include:
- screening against sanctioned party lists,
- managing export licenses,
- performing embargo checks,
- sending electronic communications to customs,
- maintaining export classification, and
- driving outbound trade finance services such as letters of credit.
Import processes managed by global trade management software include:
- managing classification codes,
- producing import documents,
- calculating landed costs,
- managing open letters of credit, and
- ensuring import controls.
A company that deploys a global trade management software system can reduce the costs, risks and delays associated with manual compliance and tracking efforts. In addition, the records generated by such a system can easily pass the audit of a government or external agency.
Global trade management software systems deliver five advantages to companies by increasing supply chain efficiency. These benefits include streamlined screening of export orders; the elimination of order processing delays; visibility into landed costs; the reduction of inbound delays; and the streamlining of financial trade. Let's look at these advantages in more detail.
Advantage #1 -- streamlined screening of export orders: Organizations that do not have a global trade management software system must manually screen every sales order from an international customer to ensure that the customer and associated parties are not on the sanctioned party lists published by various government agencies.
Such organizations must also manually check the sales order for compliance with export license requirements. When such manual screening is performed in a high-volume sales environment, it delays the acknowledgement of the sales order and the determination of the ship date to the customer. Such delays can add days to a company's order-to-cash cycle time, affect cash flow and impact revenue.
But consider the company that has a global trade management software system fully integrated with its sales order management system. As soon as a sales order is entered into the system, the system either instantly clears the sales order for shipment or flags it for export compliance issues. This capability eliminates bottlenecks from a manual compliance testing process and frees the company to focus on manually evaluating only that small percentage of export orders that are flagged for possible violations. The international customers of such an organization enjoy fast turnaround on communication around commit dates and experience fewer delays in order delivery.
Advantage #2 -- elimination of order processing delays: Once the export order is ready to be shipped, the organization must still ensure that all required export documentation is completed and that any filing, such as Shipper's Export Declaration, is done correctly. Furthermore, last-minute surprises such as additional license requirements can delay shipments.
Research shows that over 10% of sales orders to international customers get delayed due to documentation or license requirement errors. Such delays hurt customer loyalty and impact future revenue. The delays can also lead to cancellation of outstanding orders. Such cancellations can be very expensive in today's economic environment.
A global trade management software system ensures that all such activities are done correctly and quickly, so that shipments can be delivered on time. In addition, these systems ensure that any customers whose shipments will be delayed due to export violations can be notified in a timely manner. Finally, these systems also ensure that potential fines due to non-compliance are avoided.
Advantage #3 -- visibility into landed costs: Organizations that lack a global trade management software system must compute landed costs manually. Since manually tracking and determining landed costs is a time-intensive and error-prone process, most organizations lack clear visibility into actual landed costs for a shipment.
As a result, actual costs do not always get factored into decisions on product pricing, rebates and discounts. This means that an organization could be losing money on a product it thinks is profitable.
Clear visibility into landed costs can also help a company design an economically efficient supply chain by locating plants and assembly sites in countries where landed cost is lower due to smaller import duties on components. A global trade management software system provides clear visibility into landed costs for a product and improves the organization's ability to make business decisions.
Advantage #4 -- reduction of inbound delays: An import shipment that lacks accurate paperwork can be significantly delayed at customs. If an organization experiences such delays frequently, it is forced to either carry excess inventory or incur more stock-outs. Delays in inbound shipments are particularly expensive for companies in industries where product life cycles are extremely short, such as high tech or fashion.
Advantage #5 -- streamlining financial trade: Letters of credit are critical to doing business with an international customer. However, recent studies have shown that up to 70% of all Letter of Credit documents submitted to the bank for payment are rejected upon first presentation due to incorrectly issued documentation. This leads to payment delays and additional fees.
With working capital so hard to raise in today's tight credit environment, any delay in collecting cash from international shipments due to incorrect or incomplete documentation against a letter of credit can be expensive. A global trade management software system streamlines the process for collecting and filing such documentation and ensures that the set of papers is correct and complete every time.
About the author: Jessie Chimni is vice president of North America Consulting Services for Bristlecone, a leading supply chain consulting firm. Bristlecone brings expertise across the entire spectrum of supply chain, including demand and supply planning, network collaboration, sourcing, eProcurement, global trade management, spend analytics and supply chain performance management.


Just In
The most recent 250 top stories.
Hundreds join potential class action as Camden High School cancer cluster fears multiply
Updated August 01, 2013 05:52:39
Hundreds of former students and teachers of a Sydney high school have added their names to a potential class action over toxic contaminants.
The old Camden High School was moved in 2001 after dangerous substances were discovered.
The school was built on top of an old gasworks.
Now former students and teachers believe cases of cancer, tumours and birth defects may have been caused by exposure to the chemicals.
7.30 first reported last week that lawyers were preparing a class action against the Education Department on behalf of a group of 70 people.
Now that number has grown to 195.
Leonie Curry, 41, is the lead plaintiff for the case.
She is dying of a terminal brain tumour, and wants an investigation into whether the school is to blame.
"There are so many people that are sick and died, they've died already and there's a lot of people with brain tumours, it makes you wonder," she said.
Mrs Curry has already had one tumour removed, but doctors say another tumour is inoperable.
Former Camden High School student Leonie Curry.
"The prognosis is they just don't know because it's a very rare tumour, it's a very rare position and even though it's a benign tumour they still grow and because of the position it can grow and your brain stem is where all the functions for your body are, your breathing, your heart rate, all that kind of stuff, so if it takes a function that's it," she said.
Mrs Curry approached lawyers after hearing of many former students of the school who were being diagnosed with serious illnesses.
One of her closest friends, Raelean Borg, died of breast cancer last year.
"When we discovered that I had a brain tumour and I wouldn't be around much longer either we were having a bit of a joke about how long we were going to last and then came round to how it was so bizarre that the two of us were going to be dead very soon," Mrs Curry said.
Teachers, former students alike affected
Mrs Curry set up a Facebook page and was swamped with feedback from former students who suspect the contaminants at the site made them sick.
Former teachers are also involved in the potential class action.
Art teacher Dale Hodges, 45, died in 2007 of thyroid and ovarian cancer.
Her partner Glenn Carson says she was fit, and had no family history of cancer.
"She trained hard, she worked hard, she wanted to live and she wanted to teach and it didn't happen," he said.
Ms Hodges taught at the school for 18 years.
For much of the time she taught in a classroom directly on top of the site of the former gasworks.
She kept records of the contamination uncovered in 1996.
The records include a letter from the Environmental Protection Authority warning of high levels of contamination.
The letter was addressed to the NSW Education Department.
Some remediation work was done a year later, but the school was not moved until 2001.
You turn up to your workplace thinking it's safe - which is what a workplace should be - but obviously this workplace wasn't safe
Dale Hodges' partner Glenn Carson
Mr Carson says it should have happened sooner.
"You turn up to your workplace thinking it's safe - which is what a workplace should be - but obviously this workplace wasn't safe," he said.
"We just need answers.
"You need to be able to find out why in '96 they didn't do something more drastic than wait until '97 for a start, wait another year before they did anything at all, then wait another four years until they got the land at Cawdor."
Another family of seven siblings has also added their names to the case.
Mary Nolan says of her six brothers and sisters, two died of cancer and tumours, and three more have had repeated tumours detected and removed.
She wants the Education Department to investigate.
"The Education Department should do a thorough investigation into it yes. Absolutely," she said.
"I mean we went to a rural community to have seven children raised in a rural healthy environment.
"Our public school is absolutely the first place of safety that you would think you would get a healthy upbringing from.
"What's the point of giving children milk every day when you're going to actually have them sitting on toxic ground for six years every day that they attend there, there is just no point to it."
7.30 asked the Education Department why it took five years to close the school.
It ignored the question and instead sent this statement:
The department is open to review any new information available in relation to the former Camden High School site. However, at this time we have not received any complaints or claims. If any complaints or claims are received, the department will review the information and work with the relevant government agencies to take appropriate action.
Ms Nolan says her mother is devastated by the doubts about the school, and blames herself for sending her seven children there to study.
"To watch them die one by one when you think you gave them the best - she was watching out for food and vitamins and all of those sorts of things - to find out she's been sending them to a toxic waste dump everyday for so many years in their growth periods, it is very heartbreaking for her, she'd like somebody other than herself to take responsibility for it," she said.
Although almost 200 people have now joined the legal action - it remains just a small portion of the many students who went to the school.
Those involved acknowledge that proving the cause of their illnesses may be impossible.
Nonetheless, Glenn Carson, who is still struggling with the death of his partner, also wants an official inquiry.
"It'd be nice just to be able to find out what happened, why it happened and how it happened," he said.
"If it could've been prevented, why wasn't it prevented?"
Topics: occupational-health-and-safety, health, work, education, brain-tumor, cancer, camden-2570, sydney-2000
First posted July 31, 2013 21:26:02


git-fetch-pack
GIT-FETCH-PACK(1) Git Manual GIT-FETCH-PACK(1)
NAME
 git-fetch-pack - Receive missing objects from another repository
SYNOPSIS
 git fetch-pack [--all] [--quiet|-q] [--keep|-k] [--thin] [--include-tag]
 [--upload-pack=<git-upload-pack>]
 [--depth=<n>] [--no-progress]
 [-v] <repository> [<refs>...]
DESCRIPTION
 Usually you would want to use git fetch, which is a higher level
 wrapper of this command, instead.
 Invokes git-upload-pack on a possibly remote repository and asks it to
 send objects missing from this repository, to update the named heads.
 The list of commits available locally is found out by scanning the
 local refs/ hierarchy and sent to git-upload-pack running on the other
 end.
 This command degenerates to download everything to complete the asked
 refs from the remote side when the local side does not have a common
 ancestor commit.
OPTIONS
 --all
 Fetch all remote refs.
 --stdin
 Take the list of refs from stdin, one per line. If there are refs
 specified on the command line in addition to this option, then the
 refs from stdin are processed after those on the command line.
 If --stateless-rpc is specified together with this option then the
 list of refs must be in packet format (pkt-line). Each ref must be
 in a separate packet, and the list must end with a flush packet.
 -q, --quiet
 Pass -q flag to git unpack-objects; this makes the cloning process
 less verbose.
 -k, --keep
 Do not invoke git unpack-objects on received data, but create a
 single packfile out of it instead, and store it in the object
 database. If provided twice then the pack is locked against
 repacking.
 --thin
 Fetch a "thin" pack, which records objects in deltified form based
 on objects not included in the pack to reduce network traffic.
 --include-tag
 If the remote side supports it, annotated tags objects will be
 downloaded on the same connection as the other objects if the
 object the tag references is downloaded. The caller must otherwise
 determine the tags this option made available.
 --upload-pack=<git-upload-pack>
 Use this to specify the path to git-upload-pack on the remote side,
 if is not found on your $PATH. Installations of sshd ignores the
 user's environment setup scripts for login shells (e.g.
 .bash_profile) and your privately installed git may not be found on
 the system default $PATH. Another workaround suggested is to set up
 your $PATH in ".bashrc", but this flag is for people who do not
 want to pay the overhead for non-interactive shells by having a
 lean .bashrc file (they set most of the things up in
 .bash_profile).
 --exec=<git-upload-pack>
 Same as --upload-pack=<git-upload-pack>.
 --depth=<n>
 Limit fetching to ancestor-chains not longer than n.
 git-upload-pack treats the special depth _PHONE_ as infinite
 even if there is an ancestor-chain that long.
 --shallow-since=<date>
 Deepen or shorten the history of a shallow repository to include
 all reachable commits after <date>.
 --shallow-exclude=<revision>
 Deepen or shorten the history of a shallow repository to exclude
 commits reachable from a specified remote branch or tag. This
 option can be specified multiple times.
 --deepen-relative
 Argument --depth specifies the number of commits from the current
 shallow boundary instead of from the tip of each remote branch
 history.
 --no-progress
 Do not show the progress.
 --check-self-contained-and-connected
 Output "connectivity-ok" if the received pack is self-contained and
 connected.
 -v
 Run verbosely.
 <repository>
 The URL to the remote repository.
 <refs>...
 The remote heads to update from. This is relative to $GIT_DIR (e.g.
 "HEAD", "refs/heads/master"). When unspecified, update from all
 heads the remote side has.
 If the remote has enabled the options
 uploadpack.allowTipSHA1InWant, uploadpack.allowReachableSHA1InWant,
 or uploadpack.allowAnySHA1InWant, they may alternatively be 40-hex
 sha1s present on the remote.
SEE ALSO
 git-fetch(1)
GIT
 Part of the git(1) suite
Git 2.26.2 04/20/2020 GIT-FETCH-PACK(1)


NVIDIA GPUDirect Storage O_DIRECT Requirements Guide
NVIDIA GPUDirect Storage O_DIRECT Requirements Guide (PDF)
NVIDIA GPUDirect Storage O_DIRECT Requirements Guide
The NVIDIA® GPUDirect Storage® O_DIRECT Requirements Guide helps you understand how GDS can provide significant benefits when it can leverage the O_DIRECT fcntl.h file mode for a direct data path between GPU memory and storage.
This section provides an introduction to the O_DIRECT requirements for GDS.
Note:
O_DIRECT is the only supported mode before CUDA toolkit 12.2 (GDS version 1.7). CUDA 12.2 (GDS version 1.7) introduces support for non O_DIRECT file descriptors as well. The rest of this guide is still relevant for applications depending upon GDS benefits by expressing intent to use O_DIRECT file mode.
NVIDIA® GPUDirect® Storage (GDS) is the newest addition to the GPUDirect family. GDS enables a direct data path for direct memory access (DMA) transfers between GPU memory and storage, which avoids a bounce buffer through the CPU. This direct path increases system bandwidth and decreases the latency and utilization load on the CPU.
GDS can provide significant benefit when it can leverage the O_DIRECT (fcntl.h) file mode for a direct data path between GPU memory and storage. There are many conditions that must be met to achieve the performance benefits of the O_DIRECT mode, and these conditions are not always met by all file systems. The conditions might depend on the transfer size, whether it's a read or write, whether the write is to new data (past the end of the file or to a hole in the file), and based on many other conditions such as whether checksums are required. This document describes the conditions where O_DIRECT, on which GDS relies, can be used. The target audience for this guide includes:
 - End users and administrators who:
 - Understand filesystems, so they can carefully consider the implications of features they enable.
 - Compare support from different filesystems to determine the appropriate models and how to use them.
 - Evaluate the weighted fraction of cases that do or don't use O_DIRECT effectively.
 - Middleware developers who:
 - Consider the design trade-offs that increase the likelihood that the vendor layer can effectively use O_DIRECT.
 - Filesystems vendors and implementers who:
 - Accelerate their assessment of the various cases to be handled with O_DIRECT as they enable GDS in new or customized filesystems.
1.1. Related Documents
Since the original creation of this guide, additional GDS documents and online resources have been created which support and provide additional context for the optimal use of and understanding of this specification.
Refer to the following guides for more information about GDS:
To learn more about GDS, refer to the following blogs:
This section provides some basic background on where GDS can be most effectively used.
This information enables readers with varying degrees of technical accuity to get a general sense of whether, and to what degree, GDS can benefit filesystems that make different design choices.
2.1. Summary of Basic Requirements
Here is some information about the O_DIRECT requirements
The GDS architecture has the following key requirements:
 - The kernel storage driver can perform a DMA of user data to or from GPU memory by using addresses that were obtained from callbacks to the GDS kernel module, nvidia-fs.ko.
 - The device near the storage has a DMA engine that can reach the GPU memory buffer via PCIe.
 - For local storage, an NVMe device performs DMA.
 - For remote storage, a NIC device performs RDMA.
 - The filesystem stack that operates at the user-level, or the kernel-level, or both, and never needs to access the data in CPU system memory.
 Instead, data is transferred directly between storage and GPU memory, which is achieved by filesystems that exclusively use the O_DIRECT mode for a given file.
Figure 1 illustrates a way to visualize conditions for O_DIRECT. It covers cases where there is, or is not, an operator (
operator.png
) in the data path to storage, and whether that operator is in the CPU or GPU. If the operator is in the CPU, you cannot use O_DIRECT.
Figure 1. Summary of Basic Requirements
visualize-odirect-conditions.png
The data coming from (or going to) storage cannot use O_DIRECT if it must be processed in the CPU, as symbolized by cross operator. It can use O_DIRECT if it only goes through the GPU whether there's a transformational operator there as symbolized by a cross operator like checksum on the GPU or there's no operation at all, as symbolized by a clean arrow.
Lack of support for RDMA in network filesystems, or network block devices, implies the need to copy data to socket buffers in system memory. This need is incompatible with the basic requirements listed above. If the conditions for using GDS do not hold, for example, because the mount for the file is not GDS enabled, or the nvidia-fs.ko driver is not available, compatibility mode, a cuFile feature that falls back to copying through a CPU bounce buffer, can be used. You can enable compatibility mode in the cufile.json file. Users can override the system's version of the cufile.json file by creating their own copy and pointing the appropriate environment variable to that user's copy. Outside of compatibility mode, the APIs will fail if O_DIRECT is not possible.
Note:
As of CUDA toolkit 12.2 (GDS version 1.7), the APIs would work in compatibility mode, even if the file descriptor that is used with the cuFile APIs is opened in non O_DIRECT mode. Even in such a case, the APIs would leverage the GDS path whenever a direct path between storage and gpu buffer exits. For all other cases the APIs go via the page cache for fds opened in non O_DIRECT mode. This can be viewed as the compatibility mode leveraging the page cache that can typically be used for smaller file I/Os with a high degree of temporal locality, like the case of application headers or metadata.
2.2. Client and Server
Here is some information about how the client and server work with O_DIRECT.
In a local file or block systems, a software stack performs all IO. In a distributed file or block system, at least two agents are involved. the client makes a read or write request, and a server services it. There are two types of filesystems:
 - Block-based
 - Network-attached
A block-based system can be serviced locally or remotely, while network-attached filesystems are always remote. Consider the following interaction between a client and server:
 - The direct data path between the NIC and GPU memory happens on the client.
 To enable this direct path, client-side drivers must first be enabled with GDS.
 - RDMA is a protocol to access remote data over a network and uses the NIC to DMA directly into client-side memory.
 Without RDMA, there is no direct path, and GDS for distributed file and block systems relies on GPUDirect RDMA for the direct path between the NIC and GPU memory.
 - Using RDMA also relies on server-side support.
Filesystem implementations that do not support RDMA on the server side will not support GDS. For example, NFS only works with server-side NFS instead of RDMA support, which is not yet available from all NFS vendors.
2.3. Cases Where O_DIRECT is Not a Fit
Here is some information about features that are used by specific filesystems, which might inhibit the use of full GDS benefits.
In POSIX, the mode in which files are opened is controlled by a set of flags. One of these flags, O_DIRECT, indicates a user's intent to not buffer transfers in CPU system memory but to rather make transfers be more direct. O_DIRECT, for example, generally disables the use of a page cache. Although this flag is an expression of user intention, the implementation can still make its own trade-offs.
For example, the implementation might decide to treat small transfers differently from larger transfers that take a more direct path. In another example, a filesystem might offer an option for the user to enable read ahead for the page cache. This option, however, might conflict with the request from the user to use O_DIRECT for a file. In this case, how the implementation treats the competing requests depends on the implementation policy. Therefore, O_DIRECT can be considered a hint.
Several cases are listed below where a user's request to use O_DIRECT is not currently supported in filesystems, is not used in specific cases, or is fundamentally not feasible. The cases are delineated according to the agent that makes choices or trade-offs which impact that option. Here is some additional information:
 - Possibly relevant for users
 - User-buffered IO: Transfers might be buffered in the user space before being transferred to the kernel.
 This case might be used when many small transactions have good spatial and temporal locality.
 - Possibly relevant for middleware
 - Metadata management: There might be metadata with the data payload.
 Metadata might take many forms, including checks


text:
Enjoy this documentary and history of Oakwood: Oakwood: Our Home on the Hill
Living in Oakwood means being part of a rich history. In the city's 100+ years, it's been home to technological and business innovators like Orville Wright - whose Oakwood home, Hawthorn Hill, is part of the National Aviation Heritage Area that recognizes the Dayton region as the birthplace of powered flight. Oakwood was also home to John H. Patterson, the visionary founder of NCR Corporation. Oakwood civil engineers, working in the aftermath of the tragic Dayton flood of 1913, helped develop modern levee and flood control systems that were implemented to save lives and property in riverside communities around the world.
Oakwood's history is focused on community, family, and quality of life. Scouting is big here, with Oakwood's Troop 101 being one of the first chartered by the Boy Scouts of America. Tradition has it that the blue and gold of the Cub Scout uniform were drawn from Oakwood High School's team colors. The first Soap Box Derby took place in Oakwood, too.
The 400 homes in Oakwood's Schantz Park, an entire neighborhood listed on the National Register of Historic Places, are a textbook of architectural styles from the flourishing turn of the 20th century. The Oakwood Historical Society's Long-Romspert Homestead, a living history museum, offers a glimpse of everyday life in America over the centuries. But your home doesn't have to be listed on the Register to have the sense of history that comes from generations growing up in Oakwood, leaving for a time for college or career, and then returning to raise families or settle into active retirement.
In truth, Oakwood has never been about history for history's sake. The community looks back with pride on a long tradition of forward thinking, a tradition you'll step into when you cross the welcome mat. Come home to Oakwood, and make some history of your own.Today, city services go beyond the traditional, to include back door refuse and recycling collection and snow removal on public sidewalks. Public tennis courts, gardens and parks are among the finest anywhere.