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How to become a smart meter installer (with job FAQs)
Updated 25 May 2023
Smart meters give customers the ability to monitor and adjust their energy use in real-time, allowing them to save money by restricting the amount of electricity they use. Smart meters also help utility companies to monitor power grids so they can make repairs as needed, reducing outage times and improving reliability. If you're interested in working with smart meters, knowing how to get a job as a smart meter installer can be useful. In this article, we look at what a smart meter installer is, explain how to become a smart meter installer and list relevant jobs.
What is a smart meter installer?
Smart meter installers are professionals responsible for installing electronic devices that can communicate information about power or gas usage between homes and utility companies. They're also responsible for setting up the systems that allow customers to monitor their own power usage and manage their accounts online. The installation process typically involves connecting a smart meter to the customer's electrical or gas system and then connecting the meter's data wirelessly to a central server where it's accessible to utility companies. The installer ensures this process works properly. They also test the systems to ensure that they meet safety standards.
Related: How to become an electrician
How to become a smart meter installer
Here are the steps involved in becoming a smart meter installer:
1. Complete training on how to instal smart meters
Training is necessary to become a smart meter installer. Such courses give aspirants the opportunity to learn how to use the standard equipment, the procedure for the correct setup and the qualifications to perform checks. These courses also cover the safety precautions to take when installing smart meters and working with gas and electricity. This knowledge is essential because it helps you learn how to protect both yourself and your customers when working on these projects.
There are several options for courses that teach smart meter installation, such as a level 2 diploma in gas installation, a level 2 diploma in electrical installation or a T level in building services engineering for construction. Another option would be to complete an apprenticeship as a dual fuel meter installer or to apply for trainee positions at electricity and gas companies. College courses, apprenticeships and trainee employers typically require between two and five GCSEs, including maths and English.
2. Practise installing smart meters on a dummy circuit box
Practising on a dummy circuit box is an example of how a smart meter installer in training can become familiar with installing a smart meter. By doing this in their own time, they can become well-acquainted with the technology involved at their own pace. The more familiar the installer is with the fitting process, the more likely it is that they can complete this task successfully when installing smart meters in customer homes.
3. Acquire smart meter certifications (optional)
Following training, you have the advanced option to sit the relevant smart meter electrician exam and become certified. This is because certain bodies want to ensure that you understand the job and how to be successful in this field. Certification can help in both confidence and career development, as it helps smart meter installers to stand out to recruiters when applying for jobs.
It shows they have the skills necessary to perform smart meter fittings accurately. Certification can also help customers to feel more comfortable letting fitters work in their homes. The certification process often occurs jointly through an employer and a training provider.
4. Study the latest smart meter technology and its applications
It's beneficial for qualified smart meter installers to study the latest smart meter technology and its applications. This is so that they can stay up to date on any updates in the field. For example, by studying the latest smart meter technology, you may discover that there are new methods or approaches that are more efficient to use. You can then include them in your service offerings, which gives you a competitive advantage over other installers who don't know about these updates.
It's also helpful for candidates to read up on any recent developments before they sit for an interview. This is because such knowledge allows them to showcase their proactivity to recruiters, meaning that they immediately stand out from other candidates. It also shows employers they're interviewing a dedicated, motivated individual who wants to learn more about their profession and seek new ways to improve their skill set. This can improve a candidate's chances of successfully getting the job.
Jobs related to smart meter installation
Here are some examples of similar jobs which involve installing smart meters or using them:
National average salary: £28,903 per year
Primary duties: A maintenance technician's job may involve installing smart meters, checking that they're working or repairing them. This is because their primary responsibility is to ensure that the building they're working in is in good condition and safe for people to use. They do this by cleaning, repairing and maintaining equipment. This can include anything from servicing smart meters to fixing a broken light fixture. A maintenance technician also helps when there's an emergency. A maintenance technician's job can be dangerous because they're often working with heavy machinery, hazardous materials such as chemicals, and electricity.
National average salary: £30,881 per year
Primary duties: A dual fuel meter installer is the person who installs, maintains and repairs gas and electricity meters. This means that they're responsible for installing the meters and sending the readings to your utility company. They also instal new meters, including smart meters, for both gas and electric appliances. They do this by connecting the devices together so that they can read both types of meters at once. The difference between a smart meter installer and a dual fuel meter installer is that the former specialises in installing smart meters, whereas the latter can instal other types.
National average salary: £30,275 per year
Primary duties: An energy consultant might recommend installing smart meters because they can help customers save money on their utility bills. This is because smart meters can automatically track and report on the amount of electricity or natural gas your home uses so that customers always know how much they're spending. This is helpful when creating a budget, for example.
Energy consultants may also recommend installing smart meters as they allow customers to compare their usage against publicly available data from other homes in their area, which is another way of helping them identify ways to reduce their usage and save money. The role of energy consultant is a career progression option for smart meter installers.
Frequently asked questions
Here are some frequently asked questions about smart meter installers and their answers:
How much do smart meter installers earn?
Salaries for a smart meter installer largely depend on their skills, qualifications, experience, and additional certifications. It may also vary based on whether the employer is a public or private entity. The national average salary for a smart meter installer is £32,928 per year. The national average salary for a senior installer is £36,666 per year. This reflects a typically 40-hour work week, though sometimes as a smart meter installer you may work on weekends.
What skills do smart meter installers require?
The primary skills of a smart meter installer are the ability to remove old meters and instal smart ones. This could be in a customer's home, a commercial building, industrial site or anywhere else with access to electricity and gas. They also benefit from having certain soft skills, like customer service, communication, critical thinking, patience and problem-solving. Manual dexterity and knowledge of mathematics are also key abilities in this role.
Salary figures reflect data listed on the quoted websites at time of writing. Salaries may vary depending on the hiring organisation and a candidate's experience, academic background and location.
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they may cost 20% of the cost of the analytical column, so the economics of guard column use may be marginal. If you use a guard column, you'll have to figure out when to replace the guard column. You should replace the guard column before it adversely affects the overall separation. As with the parameters of Figure 1, track the system performance when a guard column is in place. When system suitability begins to trend toward the limits, change the guard column and see if it fixes the problem. Most workers find that it is most convenient to replace the guard column on a scheduled basis — either after a certain number of injections or sample batches — or perhaps on a calendar basis. Additional sample preparation almost always will extend column life, but sample preparation is expensive and may not be appropriate for all sample types.
Better Luck Next Time
At some point, the simple restorative measures of flushing or backflushing the column will not be successful. As mentioned above, these measures restore column performance only a third of the time. This means that two-thirds of the time they fail. What next? Some people like to flush with even stronger solvents, such as methylene chloride, to remove fats and waxes (be sure to flush the column before and afterwards with methanol or acetonitrile to ensure solvent miscibility). Other flushing strategies use acid, base or chaotropic agents to remove strongly retained material from the column. If you try any of these procedures, you should backflush the column so the strongly retained material that usually is located on the first few millimetres of the column can be washed directly to waste rather than farther into the column. However, I feel that heroic measures such as these are false economy. They rarely restore column function completely, and they are expensive and time-consuming.
The column should be considered a consumable item, even though the price tag may make us think that it is a capital expense. Consider the cost of the column in relation to the overall cost of analysis. The overall cost of analysing a sample using UV detection often is in the range of $50/sample. Columns cost ≈$500 each. If the method conditions result in a relatively short column lifetime of 500 injections, that translates into $1/sample for the column, only 2% ($1/$50) of the cost of analysis. If you get >1000 samples through a column, the column is a trivial part of the overall cost of analysis. Any work to extend the column life beyond this may cost more than the additional benefit, because time is an expense. Even backflushing may not be worthwhile. You are better off using an in-line filter to catch unwanted particles from blocking the column and leave it at that. I have a friend that replaces the column with each 96-sample batch — the ≈$5/sample cost of the column is less than the cost of additional sample pretreatment that would extend the column life. It's all about economics. All columns will die eventually.
Summary
The column always tries to tell us how it is doing. Listen to the system suitability results and see if you can find trends that can be used to your advantage. Perhaps you can only anticipate the column failure by a day or two, but you may be able to use the information to put together a preventive maintenance strategy that includes a regular flush with a strong solvent and the use of a guard column to help keep the column in service for months on end. As a minimum, I recommend using an in-line filter on every system and flushing the column with the strong solvent of the mobile phase at the end of each batch of samples. Control charts can be a powerful tool to help anticipate when problems will occur in the future. Above all, remember that the column is a consumable item that may not be worth trying to save after 500–1000 samples have been analysed.
"LC Troubleshooting" editor, John Dolan, is vice president of LC Resources, Walnut Creek, California, USA. he is also a member of LCGC Europe's editorial advisory board. Direct correspondence about this column should go to "LC Troubleshooting", LCGC Europe, 4A Bridgegate Pavillion, Chester Business Park, Wrexham Road, Chester CH4 9QH, UK, or e-mail the editor, Alasdair Matheson, at _EMAIL_
References
D.J. Wheeler, Understanding Variation. The Key to Managing Chaos (SPC Press, Inc., Knoxville, Tennessee, 1993).
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Many Web sites need to be updated frequently so that the information they present doesn't become stale. But the presence of new information may not be obvious to readers unless you make a systematic effort to inform them. If items that appear on your home page menu are updated, you could place a "new" graphic next to each updated item. If, however, your site is complex, with many levels of information spread over dozens (or hundreds) of pages, you might consider making a "What's New" page designed specifically to inform users of updated information throughout the site.
Every Web page in a corporate or institutional site should carry a revision date that is changed each time the page is updated so that users can be sure they have the latest version. Many readers print pages from the Web. Without a revision date, your readers have no way of telling whether the page they printed is current or outdated.

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[teacherartexchange] wedging clay
From: San D Hasselman (shasselman_at_TeacherArtExchange)
Date: Fri Sep 11 2009 - 07:24:52 PDT
Easiest way to wedge clay:
Take clay and make a brick out of it by pounding all six sides. In other words, slam it down on the floor making one side, rotate it 1/4 turn, slam it and make another "side", rotate it 1/4 turn, make another "side" turn it 1/4 turn and make the last side of the brick. Then slam both ends down one at a time. Keep doing this rotation for 3 times. (I use the floor, but you certainly can slam on a counter or table). Then when you cut it in half to check for airbubbles, viola, no air bubbles. Beats trying to explain to them the wedging process,and works every time.
San D
> does anyone have helpful tips for teaching wedging clay?? i demonstrate and explain and guide practice but it seems to not be working.
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Rural poverty is a pervasive issue throughout the U.S., but it "hits home" in the Ozarks. Individuals, families and communities are all affected by the loss of businesses and vital infrastructure due to economic downturns and the loss of social capital, including upwardly mobile youth. What are the issues related to rural poverty, and what can be done to sustain economic growth in distressed rural communities? Which organizations work most effectively with communities to identify the assets and social capital that are needed to rebuild rural community economies and infrastructures?
Public Affairs Conference held April 10-12, 2018
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Location Plaster Student Union, Robert W. Room Ballroom East

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Is bentonite clay good for cancer patients?
Published by Anaya Cole on
Is bentonite clay good for cancer patients?
Although a study reported the genotoxic effect of bentonite on human B lymphoblast cells (57), recently bentonite has been shown to inhibit the growth of human cancer cell lines U251 (central nervous system, glioblastoma). It seems that bentonite clay surfaces controls the levels of metabolic growth components (58).
What are the side effects of clay?
Side effects are usually mild but may include constipation, vomiting, or diarrhea. Clay is POSSIBLY UNSAFE when taken by mouth for a long period of time. Eating clay long-term can cause low levels of potassium and iron.
How long should you take bentonite clay internally?
How often should you use bentonite clay? Internally, you can take 1/2 to 1 teaspoon once per day, as many days of the week as you'd like. Most experts recommend that you don't consume BC internally for more than four weeks in a row.
How often drink bentonite clay?
While many sources recommend drinking 1-3 teaspoons (or more) of clay mixed with water daily, there are some who remind us that after the below solution is mixed (see Recipe), it's appropriate to drink just 1 ounce of the clay water daily for the first week. Week 2 the patient may increase to 2 ounces daily.
How long does bentonite clay take to work?
After consuming bentonite clay and water, wait 60 minutes to eat, allowing it to sweep through the stomach and do its good work, unaffected by the acidity required for digestion. (Ideally, use Betaine HCl or Digestive Bitters to create the optimum pH for digestion directly before eating.
When is the best time to drink bentonite clay?
When to take it — It's recommended by most to take bentonite clay before a meal, by 30-60 minutes. The main reason is that clay is very alkaline (it has an 8.5-10 pH). Ideally, for digestion, the stomach should have a 1-2 pH, (which is why many of us take bitters or Betaine HCl).
How long does it take for bentonite clay to work?
Which country eats clay?
In Haiti, one of the poorest countries in the Western Hemisphere, the scarcity of food have made the Haitians turn to mud platters for their survival. No, not to hold food but to eat them. They have got so used to eating mud platters that now this has become a normal practice for them.
Is bentonite a carcinogen?
Bentonite itself is probably not more toxic than any other particulate not otherwise regulated and is not classified as a carcinogen by any regulatory or advisory body, but some bentonite may contain variable amounts of respirable crystalline silica, a recognized human carcinogen.
Does bentonite clay have side effects?
There's no known serious side effect to using calcium bentonite clay. It's possible to consume too much of this product, so always follow package instructions and don't consume the clay for more than four weeks in a row without taking a break.
Is bentonite clay anti inflammatory?
Benefits of Bentonite Clay for Skin Has anti-inflammatory properties: Another boon for those battling breakouts, bentonite clay is naturally anti-inflammatory and can help calm inflammatory acne, explains Fahs. It's also sometimes used to soothe dermatitis and even diaper rash, adds Jeffy.
What is the benefits of eating clay?
Clay can help absorb toxins, so many support earth eating as a way of relieving stomach issues, such as food poisoning. Although geophagia may not begin as a mental health concern, over time, eating dirt could come to resemble an addiction.
What is clay therapy for cancer?
Learning About Clay Therapy for Cancer. It is weathered volcanic ash and it is rich in a variety of minerals. When mixed with water, a very powerful electromagnetic field is purported to be created, which is said to attract and hold toxic and unwanted substances so that they can then be removed from the body.
Can clay help fight bacteria in wounds?
Now Mayo Clinic researchers and their collaborators at Arizona State University have found that at least one type of clay may help fight disease-causing bacteria in wounds, including some treatment-resistant bacteria. The findings appear in the International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents.
What are the side effects of green clay?
When green clay is applied to the skin, it's important to note that some people have reported heightened sensitivity, rashes, dryness, or flakiness — particularly if it's applied in excess. When ingested, green clay may cause constipation.
What are the health benefits of dried clay?
The ingestion of dried clay minerals or a clay suspension is commonly used as a source of dietary elements, as a detoxifying agent, and as an allopathic treatment of gastrointestinal illnesses and acute and chronic diarrhea ( Carretero, 2002 ). For example in Ghana, the iron, copper, calcium, zinc,…
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Nebraska Public Power District (NPPD) has monitored water quality since 1989 and fish populations since 1993 on the Niobrara River in Nebraska in the vicinity of Spencer Hydro during "flushing" or "sluicing" activities. These sluicing activities alter water quality in the river downstream, which can negatively impact fish populations. Higher numbers offish were sampled in 1995 when compared to 1993 and 1994. Of the 6,187 fish and 22 total species sampled above and below the hydro, six species comprised approximately 93 percent of the total sample. The most common species sampled were sand shiner, Notropis ludibundus (35.4%), red shiner, Cyprinella lutrensis (22.9%), flathead chub, Hybopsis gracilis (14.4%), carpsucker spp., Carpoides sp. (10.9%), bigmouth shiner, Hybopsis dorsalis (5.1%), and channel catfish, lctalurus punctatus (4.0%). Operational modifications instituted since 1989, such as opening the flood gates slower and dropping the pond at a slower rate, have reduced sluicing impacts and the hydro structure may not be limiting species diversity to the extent originally thought.


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Intermediate Wildland Fire Behavior, S-290Pre-Course WorkThe pre-course work is designed to ensure that students come to class with a basicunderstanding of the fire environment in order to learn Intermediate Fire Behaviorconcepts.The pre-course work is divided into seven parts that correspond to questions on thepre-qualifying test. Complete the pre-qualifying test using the information on theStudent CD.When you have completed the pre-qualifying test, mail it back to the coursecoordinator in the provided envelope. You must receive a passing score of 70% orhigher to be considered for admittance to the course.
Part 1 – Basic Firefighter MathObjective: Define and apply the concept of ratios and percentages.A ratio is a proportional relationship of one value to another such as the ratio ofgas to oil in a chain saw fuel mix. Ratios can be written as a fraction (½) or inratio notation (1:2). The value of a ratio is the division of the first number by thesecond number.Example: A chain saw manufacturer specifies that the proper fuel mix is 32:1,which means, one unit of 2-cycle oil is added to 32 units of gas.Ever hear the phrase, "Do not exceed a two to one (2:1) work/rest ratio?" Thismeans for every two hours worked, one hour of rest (or off-shift time) is provided.If you work a 16 hour shift, how many hours of rest are you supposed to have?Answer: 16 hrs worked, 24 hours available in a day.24 hours – 16 hrs 8 hrs of rest time available.Does this meet the 2:1 ratio?By applying work hours to rest hours as a ratio:16 hrs/8 hrs is the ratio, and by simplifying (dividing each by 8) we get 2/1 or 2:1,or 2x.Note that 2x indicates a two-fold increase, or two times the original value. Thismakes it easier to visualize in the fire environment.As part of a map scale, a representative fraction is also a ratio. Common 7.5minute topography maps have a representative fraction of 1:24,000, which meansevery 1 unit of map distance is equal to (represents) 24,000 units of actual grounddistance. Note that a common unit of measure when working with representativefractions is inches.
A percent compares things to one another, or the amount less than or greater thana common base of 100 (70 right answers out of 100 possible 0.7 or 70%). Wethen relate this percentage to some threshold or relevant value to give meaning.For example, we know that a 10% slope is a slight incline, not terribly difficult towalk up. But a 70% slope is steep, requiring much more energy to climb. Todetermine a percent, you divide the ratio fraction and multiply by 100. What is thepercentage if you score 37 correct answers out of a possible 48?Answer: 37/48.771 x 100 77% (rounded).Slope is expressed as a percentage and determining slope percent is based on a ratioby applying this formula: Slope% rise (in elevation)/run (horizontal distance) x100 between two points. Note that run is always a flat map distance, not theincline distance you would walk from one point to another.Given a rise of 500 feet in elevation and a horizontal distance between two pointsof 1200 feet, we plug these numbers into the equation and can determine slope %.Answer: 500 feet rise/1200 feet run.416 x 100 42% (rounded).To test your understanding, answer the questions under Part 2 of the pre-qualifyingtest.
Part 2 - MapsPart 3 contains excerpts from the Map and Compass publication located on theStudent CD.Objectives: Identify important elements found on a map legend.Identify features commonly found on topographic maps.Determine aspect from a topographic map.A map is designed for the purpose of permitting you to visualize a portion of theearth's surface, drawn to a specified scale, with pertinent features properlypositioned to facilitate planning and organizing operations. Maps, although drawnto a scale, are not absolutely accurate because they represent a curved and unevensurface on a flat piece of paper. Furthermore, photocopying, scanning, or othergraphic reproductions can further skew a map. Care must be taken to ensure thatthe map you are using reflects true map distance to ground distance measurements.There are three basic types of maps:1.Planimetric MapsPlanimetric maps show the positions of features without showing theirrelationship to the hills and valleys of the land. They can include rivers,lakes, roads, boundaries, or other human-made, symbolic features. Forexample:a.Common road mapsRoad atlas, street maps, and Thomas Guides.b.Specific area mapsPreplan maps, floor plan maps, storm drain, sewer and water systemmaps.c.Schematic mapsAgency maps (unit, aviation, resource, district response maps).
2.Topographic MapsTopographic maps show both the horizontal and vertical (relief) positions offeatures. Topographic maps are often referred to as quadrangles or quads,for example:a.Contour mapsThese are the most common method of representing the shape andelevation of the land. A contour is a line of equal elevation on theground that delineates the same elevation above or below a specificreference elevation, usually sea level.b.Shaded-relief mapsThese are pictorial. They are shaded to simulate sunlight on theterrain. This shadow effect accentuates the shape of the physicalfeatures.For fire behavior purposes, we generally work with topographic maps.3.Orthophoto MapsOrthophoto maps depict terrain and other features by color-enhancedphotographic images. It is an aerial photograph of the land.Some orthophoto maps are overlain with contour lines and other featurescommonly associated with topographic maps. These maps are corrected forscale and are the same size as U.S.G.S. quads.
Key map parts:Map Legend: A legend shows information needed to interpret a map. Each typeof map has information represented in a different way relating to its subject matter.The legend can explain map scales, symbols, and color.Map Scale: The map scale indicates the ratio or proportion of the horizontaldistance on the map to the corresponding horizontal distance on the ground.Representative Fraction (R.F.) Scale: Expresses the ratio of the map distance to theground distance in like units of measurements. It is usually written as a fraction orratio. A representative fraction is always written with the map distance as one. Arepresentative fraction of 1/24,000 (1:24,000) means that one UNIT ofmeasurement (inches, millimeters, feet, etc.) on the map is equal to 24,000 of theSAME UNITS on the ground. You CANNOT mix units in a representativefraction. If it is one INCH on the map, it is 24,000 INCHES on the ground.Graphic scale (G.S.) or Comparison Scale: This is entirely different. It usuallyCOMPARES map distances to the ground distance in DIFFERENT units ofmeasurements. Usually a graphic scale is a line marked off on a map indicating somany inches or millimeters equal so many feet, kilometers, chains, or miles on theground. A comparison scale of 1" to 2000 feet means that 1 inch on the map isproportioned to 2000 feet on the ground. We are comparing inches and feet whichare DIFFERENT UNITS of measurement.Table 9, found in the Fire Behavior Appendix B is a useful tool to easily see mapscale conversion factors of various representative fractions.Contour Lines: A contour line is a line on a map or chart connecting all points ofthe same elevation. Any point on a contour line is the same elevation as all theother points on the same line. In other words, contour lines connect points of equalelevation.Contour Interval: This is the difference in elevation between two adjacent contourlines. On U.S.G.S. maps they could be drawn at any elevation, but in practice theyare drawn at intervals of 1, 5, 10, 20, 40, and 80 feet. Occasionally you will find amap with a 25 foot contour interval or metric units, but not often.
Index Contour: To make the contours easier to read, every fifth one is printeddarker and has the elevation marked every so often in the line. The thinner orlighter colored contour lines are called intermediate contours.Contours have certain general characteristics. Following are characteristics whichare not rules but guidelines that are helpful in many cases. Usually have smooth curves. Exceptions are large outcrops of rocks, cliffs,and fractured areas of the earth's surface. Are "V" shaped in stream beds and narrow valleys. The point of the "V"always points uphill or upstream. Are usually "U" shaped on ridges with the "U" bottom pointing down theridge. Are usually "M" or "W" shaped just upstream from stream junctions. Tend to run perpendicular to streams. Tend to parallel each other, each approximately the shape of the one above itand the one below it. Do not cross or touch. Exception is overhanging cliffs. Do not fork. Never end on the map, only at the map edges and sometimes at overhangingcliffs. Indicate steep terrain by being closely spaced. Indicate a uniform slope by being equally spaced. Indicate depressions or pit by a hachured (short lines extending from thecontour

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Pressure dependence of the apparent specific volume of bovine serum albumin: Insight into the difference between isothermal and adiabatic compressibilities.
There are some theoretical arguments related to interpreting the adiabatic compressibility (beta(s)) of a protein determined from the sound velocity and the difference between beta(s) and isothermal compressibility (beta(T)). To address these problems experimentally, we constructed a high-pressure oscillating densitometer and used it to measure the apparent… (More)


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I have the question:
compute $\phi(24)$ for each element Z/24 decide whether the element is a unit or a zero divisor, if the element is a unit divisor give its order and find its inverse.
Ive worked out $\phi(24)=8$
and the unit divisors to be ${1,5,7,11,13,17,19,23}$
however when I came to working out the order I got them all to be 2?
share|improve this question
Presumably, you mean all but one of them has order 2. – Gerry Myerson Nov 28 '12 at 12:16
yupp bar the number 1, could you confirm ive answered it correctly or have i gone terribly wrong? – jill Nov 28 '12 at 12:18
_USER_ You can write $(\mathbb{Z}/24)^{\times} \cong (\mathbb{Z}/8)^{\times} \times (\mathbb{Z}/3)^{\times} \cong \mathbb{Z}/2 \times \mathbb{Z}/2 \times \mathbb{Z}/2$ in which it's easy to see that all elements have order at most $2$ – Cocopuffs Nov 28 '12 at 12:27
2 Answers 2
$(2a+1)^2=4a^2+4a+1=8\frac{a(a+1)}2+1\equiv \pmod 8\implies c^2\equiv1\pmod 8$ if $(c,8)=1$
Now, $(3b\pm1)^2\equiv 1\pmod 3\implies c^2\equiv1\pmod 3$ if $(c,3)=1$
If $(c,8)=1$ and $(c,3)=1$ i.e., if $(c,24)=1, lcm(3,8)\mid (c^2-1)\implies c^2\equiv1\pmod{24}$
So, $ord_{24}c\mid 2$
But clearly, $ord_{24}c\ne1$ for $c>1\implies ord_{24}c=2$ for $c>1$ and $(c,24)=1$
share|improve this answer
If you look at the numbers mod 6 (the prime divisors of 24 being 2 and 3) you eliminate those equivalent to 0,2,3,4 - so you have left those equivalent to 1 and 5 (i.e. $6n \pm 1$). You could confirm your answer by looking at what happens to the numbers $(6n \pm 1)^2$ when they are taken mod 24.
share|improve this answer
Your Answer


Whiten a matrix: Matlab & Python code
Whitening a matrix is a useful preprocessing step in data analysis. The goal is to transform matrix X into matrix Y such that Y has identity covariance matrix. This is straightforward enough, but in case you are too lazy to write such a function here's how you can do it in Matlab:
function [X] = whiten(X,fudgefactor)
X = bsxfun(@minus, X, mean(X));
A = X'*X;
[V,D] = eig(A);
X = X*V*diag(1./(diag(D)+fudgefactor).^(1/2))*V';
end
You can read about bsxfun here if you are unfamiliar with this function. Because the results of whitening can be noisy, a fudge factor is used so that eigenvectors associated with small eigenvalues do not get overamplified. Thus the whitening is only approximate. Here's an image patch whitened this way:
This accentuates high frequencies in the image. At the bottom you can see the covariance matrix of the set of natural image patches before and after whitening.
Here's an explanation for why this works as well as a reference you may cite.
What about in Python? ali_m very nicely translated my code to Python on StackOverflow, which I'm reprinting here for your ease of use:
import numpy as np
def whiten(X,fudge=1E-18):
 # the matrix X should be observations-by-components
 # get the covariance matrix
 Xcov = np.dot(X.T,X)
 # eigenvalue decomposition of the covariance matrix
 d, V = np.linalg.eigh(Xcov)
 # a fudge factor can be used so that eigenvectors associated with
 # small eigenvalues do not get overamplified.
 D = np.diag(1. / np.sqrt(d+fudge))
 # whitening matrix
 W = np.dot(np.dot(V, D), V.T)
 # multiply by the whitening matrix
 X_white = np.dot(X, W)
 return X_white, W
8 responses to "Whiten a matrix: Matlab & Python code"
 1. Thank you very much!
 I have a question. I'm using python and when i do the "diag(1./(diag(D)+fudgefactor).^(1/2))" the resultant array of that specific computation contains complex numbers, so i get an error when i try to multiply by X*V…*V' (the rest of the equation). I don't understand why you don't get the same error? Thank you very much!
 2. Hi, Thanks for the nice description.
 I am not sure, but I think there is a problem in the above code. To compute covariance matrix you are using X' * X, so my understanding is that you are considering each row as a sample and columns are features or variable. So, for the mean removal, based on the covariance definition, we need to remove mean from each sample and put samples around the origin in the feature space. As I know, mean(X) without dimension definition and in defaults calculate means of columns. So, in the above code instead of mean removal from rows/samples we are removing means from columns. To wrap up, I think it has to be, mean(X,2) or it has to be X*X'.
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Woodland Phlox (Phlox divaricata) the official Watertown Town flower. The Watertown Garden Club has planted the flower at various locations in
Town, the most successful stand being in the pollinator gardens in Veteran's Park and at the corner of Buckingham Street and Echo Lake Road.
Phlox divaricata (Woodland Phlox) is a flower native to Connecticut that favors well-drained soil
in dappled shade. It blooms for about a month starting in late April with flowers that are most
often lavender-blue but can vary through shades of pink to white. Flower petals have a
distinctive notch at the end. The flowering stalks rise 12" to 15" above evergreen basal leaves
that remain close to the ground and slowly spread through stem rooting. The plants can also
spread by seed. Woodland Phlox provides food for pollinators in early Spring when few other
plants are in bloom.


- Michael Skalka
A Glitch in the Color Matrix
"How can you be in two places at once, when you're not anywhere at all." I encountered this phrase in high school when my classmates introduced me to the Firesign Theatre comedy recordings. I believe it is an appropriate thought to have when trying to map and understand the organization of pigments by color index number that belongs to the domain of the Society of Dyers and Colourists.
While some hues we see match the color index number across whatever brand of paint you might select, some colors defy this method of organization. I doubt you will not find a brand of oil paint called Ultramarine or French Ultramarine Blue that is not PB 29.
For the uninitiated, pigment manufacturers abide by chemical composition and use cases when registering pigments with the Society of Dyers and Colourists (SDC). This provides a standardization so that end product makers can be assured of some semblance of order in what would be a chaotic, self-determined method of naming pigment hues. The SDC has a "shorthand" method of expressing what pigment belongs in which hue category along with a rough idea of when the pigment was catalogued.
PY = Yellow, PO = Orange, PR = Red, PV = Violet, PB = Blue, PG = Green, PBr = Brown, PBk= Black, PW = White. As you can see Blue "won" the right to use the letter "B" since Brown and Black would also have required the same letter. The numbers next to the color hue record when the pigment was entered into the SDC catalog. When first organized, the ancient pigments received the lower numbers, followed by newer pigments as they appeared over time.
A major part of the SDC cataloging process is to place pigments into the hue group that share the same chemistry. The only problem is that the same chemicals, manipulated in different ways (basically a different "recipe" using the same ingredients) can make a pigment using the same color index number be in two different hue categories. So, using the color index number as the sole determining factor for organizing color groups will not work.
For this essay, I will only illustrate the color index confusion surrounding PB 28 – Oxides of Cobalt and Aluminum. Several paint makers have this color in their oil paint line appropriately called "Cobalt Teal" or "Teal Green."
However, for those familiar with color index numbers, you are saying, Wait a minute. You are mistaken. PB 28 is our old and reliable Cobalt Blue and you would be absolutely correct. Paint makers are correct in labeling both Cobalt Teal and Cobalt Blue using the same color index number.
What makes matters a bit more confusing is that PG 50 also has a similar hue appearance to Teal Green but it is made with Oxides of Nickel, Cobalt and Titanium, a different chemistry that yield a hue that looks much like Cobalt Teal or Teal Green.
For those interested in the chemical process, high heat is the energy used to combine the elements into a substance that once cooled can be ground into pigment. Cobalt Blue has a chemical formula: CoAl2O4. Adjust the ratio of cobalt and aluminum to some degree and the pigment color resembles a blue-green hue.
Inorganic pigments, like cobalt, have a fascinating history that we will explore sometime in the future. Perhaps the facts and fantasy surrounding kobold ore, German for "goblin ore," with a focus on the creatures that inhabited the mines will make for a good Halloween time period essay. As always, the "devil" is in the details.
Syntax of Color
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Língua do Pê, or P Language, is a language game spoken in Brazil and Portugal with Portuguese. It is also known in other languages, such as Dutch and Afrikaans. (Wikipedia)
There are some dialects in this language game. The different languages the game is played with even have their own unique dialects. Some people are fluent in speaking P Language and the best can even translate any text to their preferred dialect on the spot!
In this challenge, we will use the Double Talk dialect.
To translate text into P Language, any sequence of vowels in the text is appended with a single
p character followed by a copy of the sequence of vowels.
Write a function or program that accepts a string as input and outputs its translation in P Language.
- The input consists only of printable ASCII characters.
- The output consists only of the translated input and optionally a trailing newline.
- Vowels are any of the following characters
- A sequence of vowels is delimited by any other character. The string
"Aa aa-aa"has three vowel sequences.
- Leading and trailing whitespace may optionally be omitted from the translated output string.
"" => "" "Lingua do Pe" => "Lipinguapua dopo Pepe" "Hello world!" => "Hepellopo woporld!" "Aa aa-aa" => "AapAa aapaa-aapaa" "This should be easy, right?" => "Thipis shoupould bepe eapeasypy, ripight?" "WHAT ABOUT CAPS?" => "WHApAT ApABOUpOUT CApAPS?" " Hi " => " Hipi " or "Hipi"
The double quotes character
" is used to delimit the input and output strings in the examples but obviously this character may also appear in any valid input string.


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Assessing the effects of urban canyon's direction on air flow pattern and CO dispersion using CFD (A case study of Tehran)
Air pollution is considered one of the main challenges of environmental sustainability. Metropolises are increasingly facing the problem of air pollution, which seriously affects people's health. There are several factors associated with air pollution in the streets including urban form, ventilation, and air pollution sources. In the present research, the effects of the street canyon direction on the wind behavior and pollutant dispersion have been investigated using CFD and the model has been validated with the wind tunnel.The results show that, the orientation of the urban canyon affects both airflow and air pollutant dispersion patterns. In F3 (α =90°), where the wind direction is perpendicular to the street, ventilation is mostly through the street roofs, so that the amount of pollutant in the roof height is almost 183% of F2 (α=45°) and 347% of F1 (α =0°). Since near the leeward wall the velocity of airflow is decreased to zero, these spaces are highly susceptible areas for pollution accumulation. In F1, ventilation is mostly through the longitudinal displacement of pollutions and dispersion via lateral openings. In this case, the beginning parts of the urban canyon are the most well-ventilated ones, and the end of it has the highest level of pollution concentration. It was also found that the lowest level of pollution occurs in F2. Finally, the diagonal street (F2) has been recognized as the optimal direction for main streets in the residential areas of Tehran which should be taken into consideration in the Sustainable Urban Development Principles of Tehran (SUDPT).
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2021 Samira Yousefian, Mohammadreza Pourjafar, Mohammad Moshfeghi, Mohammadjavad Mahdavinejad
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Quest'opera è distribuita con Licenza Creative Commons Attribuzione - Non commerciale 4.0 Internazionale


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ROMAN FOREST, TX
ROMAN FOREST, TEXAS. Roman Forest is located east of U. S. Highway 59 and near the East Fork of the San Jacinto River about thirty-two miles northeast of Houston and twenty-three miles southeast of Conroe in southeastern Montgomery County. The community began as a residential subdivision that developers named for the area's wooded terrain. By the mid-1970s residents voted to incorporate and established a city government. In 1980 Roman Forest had a population of 929. That number increased to 1,033 in 1990 and 1,279 in 2000. Roman Forest has its own police force, elementary school, and churches. Most citizens commute to Houston.
The following, adapted from the Chicago Manual of Style, 15th edition, is the preferred citation for this article.Laurie E. Jasinski, "ROMAN FOREST, TX," Handbook of Texas Online (_URL_ accessed May 25, 2013. Published by the Texas State Historical Association.


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A Multi-Scale Model for Nickel-Based Oxygen Carrier in Chemical-Looping Combustion
MetadataShow full item record
The selection of oxygen carrier (OC) particles is crucial for the development of chemical-looping combustion (CLC) technology. Common OC particle models often involve first-order chemical reactions with respect to the concentration of fuel gas, which may not be able to account for the complex reaction mechanisms taking place on the contacting surface between gas and solid reactants. In this work, we apply a multiscale modelling framework on NiO-based OC particle in order to explicitly consider and understand the effect of reaction kinetics. The proposed multiscale model consists of gas diffusion model and surface reaction. Continuum equations are used to describe the gas diffusion inside OC particles, whereas mean-field approximation and kinetic Monte Carlo methods are adopted to simulate the microscale events, such as molecule adsorption and elementary reaction, occurring on the contacting surface. These sub-models communicate through a boundary condition that defines the mass fluxes of both reactant and product gas species. Surface reaction mechanisms and the corresponding reaction rate constants considered in the present work are obtained from a systematic density functional theory (DFT) analysis. The qualititive comparison with experimental data available in the literature suggests that the kMC-based multiscale model is able to provide better results than the MFA-based counterpart. A sensitivity analysis on the rate constants of key elementary reactions, length of intra-particle pore, and particle porosity was conducted to assess the effect of reaction kinetics and mass transport on the overall reaction process and validate the proposed multiscale model. The simulation results show reasonable tendencies and responses to changes in these modelling parameters, which indicates that the proposed multiscale modelling scheme on OC particle is suitable. To the author's knowledge, this is the first implementation of a multiscale model in CLC technology.
Cite this version of the work
Huabei You (2019). A Multi-Scale Model for Nickel-Based Oxygen Carrier in Chemical-Looping Combustion. UWSpace. _URL_


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Pivoting is a way to change direction from one stance to another without taking a step by rotating body's center of mass around its axis. For example, one can pivot from a left lead horse stance to a right lead horse stance by pivoting the upper body. The stance may change during a pivot, such as from a left lead horse to a right lead back stance.
The pivot serves several purposes:
- Assists directional change
- Provides angular acceleration to drive strikes and throws by rotating body mass into the technique
- Assists stance/position change in that may gain distance when needed in defending or close the distance when attacking without having to take steps
- Rotates body in a way that protects vulnerable targets and draws attacker into counters
- Deflects impacts away from vulnerable internal organs as they bounce off the rotating body mass
- Next >>


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Required Equipment for Sound Signals
During periods of reduced visibility or whenever a boat operator needs to signal his or her intentions or position, a sound-producing device is essential. The requirements for sound signals are:
- A vessel of 12 meters (39.4 feet) or more in length shall be provided with a power whistle or power horn and a bell.
- A vessel less than 12 meters in length shall not be obliged to carry the sound devices described above. However, the vessel must be provided with a means of making an efficient sound signal.
- A vessel that is propelled by human muscular effort, a sailing vessel, and a power-driven vessel less than 16 feet in length, when using waters other than Lake Erie, the Ohio River, or the Muskingum River, shall not be obliged to carry the sound devices stipulated above or produce the sound signals prescribed in the Ohio Administrative Code
Audibility of Sound Signals
- For boats less than 65.6 feet (20 meters) in length, sound signals should be audible for at least ½ mile.
- For boats over 65.6 feet (20 meters) in length, sound signals should be audible for at least 1 mile.


Asymptotic Logical Uncertainty: A Benford Learner
by Scott Garrabrant3 min read24th Aug 2015No comments
Personal Blog
This post is part of the Asymptotic Logical Uncertainty series. In this post, I will give an algorithm, BenfordLearner, that passes the Benford test. This algorithm further satisfies whenever is an irreducible pattern with probability.
In the following algorithm, we define to be 1 whenever.
 1: P=0
 2: M=N
 3: for j=0 to N
 4: M_Y=0
 5: for Y a TM expressible in K_Y M_Y
26: M_Y=M_X
27: if M_Y


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DPI Water is administering metering projects to improve measurement of water extraction from the state's surface and groundwater sources.
These projects will help meet the requirements of the National Framework for Non Urban Water Metering to ensure non-urban water meters comply with metering standards.
As part of the projects, new meters will be installed or existing water meters will be replaced or upgraded with high accuracy, low maintenance telemetry-equipped meters.
The new meters will allow water users and the DPI Water to better monitor and manage water extraction according to entitlements using real-time readings.
The water savings gained from more accurate measurement of water usage will help to protect and improve the security of water entitlements as well as the long-term sustainability and health of rivers and aquifers.
NSW metering projects commenced or completed are summarised below.
The NSW Metering Project will assist the installation or upgrade of meters to regulated, unregulated and groundwater water sources in the southern valleys of the NSW Murray Darling Basin. The project will create efficiency gains through better matching of extractions to water releases and allocations.
- Find out more about the NSW Metering Project
Completed in June 2011, the NSW Office of Water installed and upgraded water metering systems for licensed water users in the Bega Bemboka valley.
- Find out more about the Bega Bemboka Metering Project
The NSW Office of Water installed and upgraded water metering systems for licensed water users in the Hawkesbury-Nepean catchment as part of the Hawkesbury-Nepean River Recovery Project.
- Find out more about the Improving Hawkesbury-Nepean Water Balance Accounting Project


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Do Ants Pee and Poop? (The Scientific Answer)
Ants depend on food consumption for obtaining nutrition and energy. As a side product, they will produce waste every time they consume food. Hence they will need to poop to get rid of the toxic waste out of the body.
But they are extremely particular about their pooping habits. To study this topic further, we will focus on the following topics:
 - Basic overview of the ant poop-related information.
 - Ant excretory system in a nutshell
 - How the ant excretory system actually works
 - A closer look at the pooping related measures the ants have in place
So let's dive in…
Do Ants Pee and Poop
Do Ants Pee and Poop?
All higher organisms get nutrition in some way or the other. To metabolize that nutrition and to obtain the energy they have the rightful systems in place.
But all the resources that are consumed don't get transformed into necessary energy, some of them are ejected back into the world as waste. Ants are no exception to this theme and they have a well-functioning excretory system in place.
So by default, they will need to get rid of the waste materials in some form or the other. However, their excretory materials are more in solid form than in liquid form. Uric acid is the main component of their urine which is liberated along with the poop.
1. What is "Ant Poop" Called?
The ant poop is commonly known as ant frass. These include all kinds of stuff that the ant has been consuming on a regular basis. But there are various versions of frass.
 It doesn't always contain metabolized waste materials of the ants.
In the case of carpenter ants, for example, they vigorously construct tunnels on woody surfaces and they get rid of the woody debris via the frass.
But these wood shavings are different from other excreted stuff because these are not digested by the ant, they are just discarded.
2. What Does Ant Poop Look Like?
To the naked eye, ant-poops will look like a dusty mass of brown deposits.
Oftentimes it is of so low amount that you won't even notice it. In texture, it can be moderately hard and fibrous.
3. What is the Excretory System of Ants?
The two important components of the ant excretory system are the malpighian tubules and the hindgut. Malpighian tubules are typically the counterparts of kidneys in the ants.
Their number varies from species to species. They are attached to the hindgut and midgut junction regions of the ants.
The malpighian tubules are constantly bathed by the ant blood which is a colorless fluid (it is known as hemolymph).
All the wastes formed within the ant body get mixed with the blood from where the malpighian tubules collect them. It then passes the waste material onto the rectum for further modification and for the final excretion process. So the malpighian tubules function to keep the hemolymph clean and devoid of any toxic wastes.
4. How do Ants Excrete Waste from their Body?
Waste materials in the form of water, amino acids, sugars, various ions, etc. enter the malpighian tubule from the blood with the help of osmosis.
The malpighian tubules have an opening in the alimentary canal, right between the midgut and the hindgut. The urine formed from the Malpighian tubule collects all the indigestible elements from the hindgut and transports them into the rectum.
Here the urine undergoes a vigorous change in composition. The urine undergoes the process of acidification and as a result, gets converted into an insoluble mass of uric acid.
The rectum does an important job of reabsorbing the water and various ions from the produced waste. This plays an important role for ants that particularly live under extremely dry weather conditions. Every last bit of water that can be reused gets reabsorbed.
Finally, the dry waste material rich in uric acid is excreted out into the world.
The final excretory product of the ants is a semi-solid brown mass of highly concentrated uric acid.
After being processed in the malpighian tubules and the rectum within the gut, the poop is released into the world through the anus.
5. What do Ants do with Their Poop?
It can come as a surprise but ants are extremely cautious about the sanitization habits.
When inside their nest, they have a dedicated area within their place for pooping. This is because improper sanitization habits within their nest can give rise to serious bacterial infection issues.
Ants in general are known for their sanitization habits. They get rid of their dead along with other waste materials outside the nest. So their goal is to keep their nest clean and infection-free at all costs.
In many instances, especially in the case of black garden ants, they keep their poops stored inside the nest in a separate chamber. They never discard the poop away.
 - Certain ants like the leafcutters are known to use poop as manure for their fungal food garden (yes they are into basic farming as well!).
 - Poops contain a strong smell and it is thought that they impart a strong scent throughout the nest that further gives the ants of the same colony their signature smell.
 - They can also be used as a building material or as a source of nutrients later on in the future.
FAQ
1. Do Ants Fart?
There is little to no evidence of whether ants fart or not. But insects in general are known to fart.
However, their farts won't contain any smell as they will mainly be composed of hydrogen and methane. It is a rare occurrence and also it is impossible to detect any kind of distinct sound.
2. Do Ants Eat Poop?
Ants are attracted to protein and sugary food sources. So if you have any ant-related related troubles in the house and also have pets in your home, you need to take care of their dumps quickly.
Ants don't differentiate between food types unlike vertebrates, so it doesn't matter it's poop or leftover food as long as they are rich in nutrition, the ants will go for it.
Read More:
Conclusion
Ants are invertebrates which means that they regularly need to consume food and excrete out the waste. But unlike humans, they don't have kidneys.
They have malpighian tubes which help in urine formation. The hindgut then processes that waste and converts it into a semi-solid mass of uric acid. A considerable amount of reabsorption of excess water and ions also occur in the rectum just before the excretion process.
Ants are highly particular about the location where they poop. They have dedicated corner spaces in their nests where they poop. This is particularly done for making sure that proper sanitary conditions prevail within their nests.
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On joy and learning
At Haiti Partners, it's important to us to present not only Haiti's harsh realities, but its beautiful sides as well. In videos like the one below, we celebrate the joy of happy students having fun with one of their favorite people, Children's Academy Coordinator, Alex Myril.
But making our students feel safe and happy isn't just about having fun. It's essential to successful learning. Research shows that stress impedes memory and learning. In order for children to engage and develop to their potential, they need to feel safe and cared for. And, unfortunately, stress is the norm in all too many schools in Haiti where corporal punishment and humiliation are used regularly in the classroom.
Thank you for your partnership as we work to make high quality, transformative, joyous education the norm in Haiti.


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For all districts
Sudden death in goats
FIRST PUBLISHED SEPTEMBER 1981
By Dr T. R. Thomas, district veterinary officer, Melbourne
Goats are not a particularly hardy species of animals in the higher rainfall areas of southern Australia. They can die quickly from a number of diseases. Any sudden death in a herd should be diagnosed so that measures can be taken to prevent further deaths.
The term "sudden death" is used to describe deaths that occur within 24 hours of signs of sickness occurring. Within this period of illness, whether goats that become sick are noticed before they die will depend on how often and how closely the herd is inspected. Where sudden deaths occur the Department of Agriculture should be notified so that a diagnosis can be made.
Anthrax is a rare cause of death of animals in Victoria. Most farm animals including goats are susceptible. It can occur in outbreaks causing serious losses.
Anthrax should be suspected in animals that die suddenly and show a blood discharge from the mouth, nose or anus. The carcases should not be moved.
The disease is transmissible to man.
The agnote "Anthrax and the farmer" describes this disease in detail in both animals and humans.
2. Clostridial diseases
The clostridial diseases are a major cause of sudden death in goats. The topic is fully covered in the agnote "Clostridia) diseases of goats".
3. Parasite infestations causing sudden death
(a) Acute liver fluke disease
Goats can die suddenly of acute liver fluke disease in the late summer. A post-mortem shows extensive liver damage.
(b) Acute worm infestation
Large numbers of Haemonchus contortus (Barber's pole worm) in the fourth stomach will cause sudden deaths usually in spring and autumn. This worm sucks blood and causes a fatal anaemia which, in goats observed before death, may cause pale mucous membranes and a collection of fluid swelling under the lower jaw. These signs may not be seen when deaths occur suddenly.
The small brown stomach worm (Ostertagia species), the small stomach worm (Trichostrongylus axes) and hair worms of the small intestine (Cooperia species and Trichostrongylus species) can cause sudden death if numbers are large enough. Hair worms are only 5-10 mm long, as fine as a hair, and can easily be missed on postmortem even when present in tens of thousands.
4. Metabolic diseases
Grass tetany and milk fever do not appear to be major diseases of goats. However, "transport tetany" and "capture myopathy" cause sudden deaths in goats.
Losses of feral goats transported long distances are commonly from 10 to 25%. The stress of capture and transport, changes in the routine of feeding and watering and change in climate will quickly cause any concurrent disease to become important. Goats that have travelled may die of induced enterotoxaemia, pregnancy toxaemia and transit tetany.
"Capture myopathy" is a muscular degeneration that occurs in wild animals including feral goats. It is not fatal immediately, it causes death by kidney malfunction later in life.
To reduce these losses, goats should be vaccinated with clostridial vaccine and drenched for parasites two weeks before transport. Dietary changes should be as gradual as possible and stress in transport reduced.
Most acute poisonings of goats are due to toxic plants and insecticides. Poisoning by other chemical agents such as lead and arsenic are uncommon.
Plants that will most commonly poison goats are azalea, rhododendron and oleander. Oleander is an extremely toxic plant which if eaten causes gastro-enteritis, paralysis and death from heart failure.
Azalea and rhododendron cause gastro-enteritis with salivation, abdominal pain and death.
Deaths in goats from insecticides occur when these compounds are not used according to the manufacturers' recommendations, and particularly when they are used excessively. Poisoning may occur when insecticide is accidentally swallowed. Usually there are nervous signs, such as over-excitement, muscular jerking and an inability to stand or walk properly.
Salivation is common and urine and faeces are passed more frequently. There are signs of abdominal pain. Eventually the goat goes into convulsions and dies.
Rat poison may be eaten by goats because it is often incorporated with grain. If large quantities are consumed death can be rapid.
Where poisoning is suspected, veterinary assistance should be sought immediately. There are specific antidotes for most insecticides. Consult the label for directions regarding first aid.
Great care should be taken with any poisonous substance. Since many are attractive to goats, uncontrolled access to them should not be allowed.
Mastitis is common in goats but is not always a cause of sudden death. Mastitis can be hyper-acute or may be so mild as to go unnoticed.
Details of the recognition, treatment, control and prevention of mastitis in goats, can be found in the agnote "Mastitis of goats".
Bloat occurs when goats consume large amounts of lush green leguminous feed such as lucerne and clovers. Bloat can also occur on lucerne hay.
In bloat the food mixture in the rumen or the first stomach forms a foam that the goat cannot belch away. As a result the gases formed by digestion build up. The rumen quickly fills with gas and the animal becomes distressed as pressure from the distended rumen increases. The abdomen is very swollen, and this swelling appears on the animal's left side. Death can occur quickly from failure of respiration and heart action as a result of pressure on the diaphragm.
If the goat is standing and there are no suitable stock medicines available it can be drenched with 60-120cc of either peanut, maize or safflower cooking oil. Oil will break up the foam and allow the gas to escape. After drenching, it may be necessary to massage the rumen or roll the goat over to spread the oil about among the contents inside the rumen.
If the goat is down, death may be close and quick action is usually needed. The goat should be stabbed with a clean sharp instrument or knife in the left flank behind the ribs so as to pass into the rumen. Allow the gas to escape fairly slowly, rather than in one or two seconds as this in itself may be fatal.
This is a life-saving procedure and any resulting infection can be attended to later by a veterinarian. Oil that is used for drenching affected goats can then be poured or squirted into the rumen via the wound created to release the gas.
There are commercially manufactured stock medicines on the market for bloat treatment, which are superior in action to household cooking oils; where bloat in goats is likely, owners should have these stock medicines on hand in the event of an emergency.
Where goats are grazing on lush legumes, access to roughage in the form of hay or dry pasture should always be provided. The bloating potential of pastures varies enormously. Some pastures may cause bloat in 30 minutes. Others may cause it after 24 hours.
The rule is to increase grazing time gradually, and watch for swelling of the abdomen, particularly during periods of lush pasture growth or when a change in the routine of the herd may cause a variation from the usual pattern of intake of food and water. The time spent grazing legumes must be strictly controlled.
8. Cerebrocortical necrosis (C.C.N.)
This disease is also known as Polioencephalomalacia (P.E.M.) or "Stargazing".
Vitamin B, (thiamine) is essential in goats to allow glucose to move via the blood to the brain. If thiamine is lacking in the diet or destroyed by substances in certain plants (such as bracken fern and nardoo fern) signs of C.C.N. can appear. Goats "stargaze", twitch muscles, then go into convulsions and die. Early in the course of the disease animals may appear blind, wander aimlessly or stand motionless. Thiamine given at this stage will often effect a complete recovery. If the goat has gone down and cannot stand without assistance, there is little advantage gained from treatment.
Diets that have a high molasses content can also predispose to this condition.
© 1981 Vic. Dept. Ag.


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How to open SRT files?
An SRT or Subrip format is a caption file that is read by video player programs such as Windows Media Player and iTunes. Subrip format files are more notably known as subtitles. These subtitles can be opened with special programs that are made to run them in conjunction with the movie you are watching. Nevertheless, it is possible to just open and edit the file with any text editor program such as Notepad or WordPad.
Locate the SRT file that you want to open and edit.
Right-click on the file and go to Properties.
Click on the Change button that is in the General tab of the file's properties.
Select Notepad or WordPad in the Open With window. Select the Always use the selected program to open this kind of file option to make sure that the program you choose opens all files with SRT file extension.
Click OK. Double-click on the file. The SRT file will open up in either Notepad or WordPad. You will then be able to read and edit the subtitles.
Save the SRT file and load up the video into your video player and then drag the respective SRT file into the video window. The player will accept the file and assign the subtitles to the video that is being watched.


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Legal Outreach History
Legal Outreach is a non-profit organization that uses the law to inspire vision and foster skills in high school students from New York City's most under-served areas.
In 1982, Legal Outreach Co-Founder and Executive Director, James O'Neal, graduated from Harvard Law School and came to New York as the recipient of Harvard's first Public Interest Law Fellowship. Determined to serve at-risk teens, he taught the law to students in Harlem, Bedford-Stuyvesant, and the South Bronx. In the classroom, O'Neal discovered that he could sustain interest and develop skills by discussing legal issues relevant to their communities–child abuse and neglect, domestic violence, and the right against unreasonable searches by police. O'Neal designed and wrote four innovative law-related curricula which continue to serve as the foundation of the organization's work in middle schools across New York City. For 27 years, Legal Outreach has used the law as a vehicle to motivate urban teens to strive for academic success.
Legal Outreach has relied heavily on the commitments from several New York institutions to bring the law to life for young people. The organization partners with law schools, law firms, government agencies, as well as public interest organizations, and currently has 16 judges and 182 attorney volunteers. Law students from NYU, Columbia, Brooklyn, and St. John's have provided instruction in trial practice to Harlem middle school students participating in Mock Trial Competition, and partnerships with Columbia, NYU, Brooklyn, St. John's and Fordham Law Schools have led to the establishment of the Summer Law Institute, a rigorous law program for eighth graders. In 2009 New York Law School began its partnership with Legal Outreach.
In an effort to provide students with a continuous support system beyond middle school, Legal Outreach established College Bound, a comprehensive, four-year program designed to equip high school students from underserved communities with the tools they need to succeed. Since the graduation of the first College Bound class in 1993, 336 students have completed the program, and 99.4% have attended college.
Membership Eligibility: All law students currently matriculated at New York Law School are eligible to serve as debate coaches.
Debate Program: In order to improve public speaking skills as well as analytic and reasoning abilities, students in the College Bound program are required to participate in three Constitutional Law debates per year. Each debate focuses on a major area of constitutional law, such as freedom of speech, procedural due process, equal protection, and search and seizure.
Role of Debate Coach: A the start of the fall semester, law students are assigned to one or two students for the year. Debate preparation includes reviewing and explaining the debate fact pattern, helping students brief the relevant cases, and outlining and preparing for the oral argument. Debate coaches will also serve as judges on the night of the actual debate.
Time Commitment: In addition to attending a training session provided by Legal Outreach, a debate coach must commit to approximately 24 hours per academic year, or 8 hours per debate. Currently, the program includes one fall debate and two spring debates. If your student qualifies for a final exhibition competition, there may be an additional debate in the spring. Debate coaches are expected to meet with their student a minimum of three times before the debate as well as serve as a debate judge.
Attorney Contact: Each Legal Outreach student has an attorney mentor. Debate coaches are encouraged to schedule at least one joint debate prep meeting with their student and mentor.
Benefits of Coaching:


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Moving and Resizing Tiles
When adding an item to a Dashboard, Customer Insights adds the new item to the "end" of the Dashboard, using a size based on both the type of item being added and the amount of space available on the Dashboard. For example, suppose you have a Dashboard that looks like this:
If you add a new Look to that Dashboard, the Dashboard will then look similar to this:
That may or may not be where you wanted the new tile to go, and that may or may not be the size you wanted for the tile. Fortunately, that doesn't matter: Customer Insights makes it easy to move and (or) to resize elements on your Dashboards.
If you click an element on your Dashboard, you'll see several items appear on that element, including a Move handle (the three bars in the upper left corner) and a resizing handle (the solid triangle in the bottom right corner):
If you want to move an element to a new location on the Dashboard, click the Move handle, hold the mouse button down, and then drag the tile to its new location. As soon as you have the tile positioned correctly, release the mouse button, and the Dashboard will rearrange the other elements as needed:
To resize an element, click the resizing handle, hold the mouse button down, and drag the mouse until the tile is the desired size. When you release the mouse button, the tile will change size and the other elements on the Dashboard will automatically be moved to make as much room as is needed:


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Punchayet in Hindi
Meaning of Punchayet in Hindi
Hindi is a very rich language that's why Punchayet has many meanings in the Hindi language like Panchaayat, Panchaayate.
What is the spelling of Panchaayat, Panchaayate in Hindi?
The spelling of Panchaayat, Panchaayate in Hindi is पंचायत, पंचायते. Please note some of the English words' spelling can be wrong because we have written as Hindi pronunciation. If you are using these in legal documents then please verify with other sources also.
Similar meaning words of Punchayet
Here is a list of the words that are very similar to Punchayet. You can see the meaning of words by clicking on the words.


The Test of the Properties of Scouring Agent Determination of textile's Whiteness - HT Fine Chemical Co., Ltd.
HT Fine Chemical Co., Ltd.
The Test of the Properties of Scouring Agent Determination of textile's Whiteness
The Test of the Properties of Scouring Agent Determination of textile's Whiteness
Time: Click: 1249
There are so many testing methods of whiteness, and the reliability and applicable range are varied, especially as the increasing use of the fluorescent whitening agent in recent years, making the determination of whiteness become much more complicated. Nowadays, the determination of whiteness can be divided as two kinds generally: the first one is to use the spectrophotometer to determine the reflectance of each wavelength. The L value, a value and b value are obtained by computer calculation, and then the whiteness is obtained by the whiteness calculation formula. At present, there are a lot of whiteness calculation formulas, but they are all have weakness, proving that it is hard to find a formula that is corresponded to the fact. Taking ZBD whiteness calculation as an example: Determination of the specific wavelength light through the filter that transmitted wavelength less than 500nm is irradiated to the sample light except for the blue light, and purple light, so that whiteness measurement can be carried out with samples of fluorescent whitening agents. In the determination, the instrument is adjusted with a standard white plate, and then the relative whiteness of the sample is determined.
1. Instrument. XBD whiteness calculation.
2. Operating steps. To cut the semi-cloth products with no optical brightener for 12cm refined * 24cm, and fold into 5cm * 5cm 8 layers (thin fabric is 18cm * 24cm, 5cm * 5cm folded into 12 layers). And then to determine whiteness in whiteness meter, which requires each specimen shall keep the warp and weft consistent. In this case it should be measured 3 times in different parts, and eventually to take the average value.
3. Illustrations
◎ Other instruments which can determine or can calculate after determination are favorable to be applied. Even though the data gained may not consistent, using the same instrument to determine the data can still illustrate the situation about whiteness. The date of whiteness given in the report should be marked the type of the instrument.
◎ The layers folded of textile should be the same.
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Dyeing Auxiliaries
Hand Feels Finishing Agent


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With its rotary switch, the CA 1725 is simple to use and offers numerous measurement possibilities with or without contact.
Measurement by photo-reflection for no-contact measurement: a reflective strip is positioned on the part to be tested.
Contact measurement with accessories: a mechanical adapter (cylinder, cone or calibrated wheel) converts the
rotation speed into pulses which are then measured by the tachometer.
The digital display shows a 42-segment
bargraph, the functions selected, the alarm thresholds, etc.
The rotary switch gives direct access to 7 different measurement units
(RPM, Hz, etc.) and each key on the keyboard corresponds to a function
(MIN MAX, Smoothing, alarms, etc.).


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Profile and mission
Faucon-Éduc or Falcon-Ed (BEAK) is the educational program of Falcon Environmental Services (FES), a company specializing in the art of modern falconry, training birds of prey, reproducing them for conservation and re-release, for ecological control of nuisance birds, for educational presentations, free-flying bird shows and film. To learn more about FES, visit our main site.
We at FES believe that even a privately owned company can do its part to aid in conservation and education. Created in 1989 by young environmentally conscious entrepreneurs with a passion for falconry and birds of prey, FES has grown and succeeded in becoming a well recognized leader in its field, in Quebec and abroad.
BEAK is an acronym that best describes what we do since our presentations center on Birds of prey and their Environment, promote Awareness and allow us to share our Knowledge with photos, artefacts and live birds.
- To bridge the gap between students and their natural environment;
- To encourage environmental awareness and respect by introducing live birds of prey;
- To demonstrate the impact that humans have on wildlife and ecosystems.
Methods used to reach these objectives:
- Present live, trained birds of prey in the classroom;
- Display educational material such as naturalized artefacts, images, multimedia;
- Encourage interaction between the students and the educator.


Montes Carpatus
Montes Carpatus
Highest point
Listing Lunar mountains
Coordinates 14°30′N 24°24′W / 14.5°N 24.4°W / 14.5; -24.4
Geography
Location the Moon
Detail map of Mare Imbrium's features. Montes Carpatus is marked "M".
Montes Carpatus is a mountain range that forms the southern edge of the Mare Imbrium on the Moon. The selenographic coordinates of this range are 14.5° N, 24.4° W, and the formation has an overall diameter of 361 km (224 mi). They were named [when? by whom?] after the Carpathian Mountains in Central Europe.
This rugged range generally stretches from west to east. The western end begins in the vicinity of the crater T. Mayer, although a few low ridges curve northwards towards Euler crater. At the eastern extreme is a wide gap where Mare Imbrium in the north joins Mare Insularum to the south. Starting at the east side of this gap are the Montes Apenninus, another mountainous range that curves up towards the northeast.
Most of this range consists of a series of peaks and rises, separated by valleys that have been penetrated by lava flows. None of the peaks have received individual names, unless one includes Mons Vinogradov to the west of the crater Euler. The surface to the north of the range is nearly level lunar mare, broken only by the occasional wrinkle ridge or minor impact crater.
The region south of the range is somewhat rougher, although still covered by lava flows. About 100 kilometers south of the mountains is the well-known ray crater Copernicus, and the irregular outer ramparts of this crater stretch almost to the foothills of the Carpatus range. Also of note is the smaller crater Gay-Lussac, which is attached to the southern part of the range.
See also
This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the 9/1/2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.


2 Ways to Stream VLC Videos from Mac to Apple TV With AirPlayDr.Fone
Mirror iPhone screen to a PC
 - Mirror iPhone to the computer via Wi-Fi.
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Jul 21, 2021 • Filed to: Record Phone Screen • Proven solutions
In this article, we will understand 2 simple yet beneficial ways of how can a user stream a VLC video they wish to view from Mac to Apple TV with AirPlay.
AirPlay is such a phenomenon through which the user is able to use the screen of any iOS Device to view or stream a video with the Apple TV. It is very helpful for the user when they have to share their digital content with the people around them. It provides a bigger screen viewing experience for everyone present.
So how VLC Media Player and AirPlay can be combined as VLC AirPlay and be used together on a larger screen of Apple TV will be seen in two different and convenient ways
Part 1: Stream MP3/MP4 videos from Mac to Apple TV
How can a user stream an mp3 or an mp4 video format from Mac to Apple TV using AirPlay?
Step 1:
- First, the user should open the video they wish to stream over AirPlay.
- It should be done using VLC Media Player present on the Mac.
Step 2:
- When VLC Media Player has been opened, then the user should move to the top right hand side of the Mac desktop.
- Then click or highlight on the icon looking like a small TV.
- On doing this, a dropdown list with all the available devices connected to the Mac Desktop opens up.
- Next select Apple TV. This is the means through which the selected video will be streamed on the bigger screen.
vlc airplay apple tv
Step 3:
- Next the user should go to audio setting present on the top left hand side of the screen of the VLC Player window.
- By clicking or highlighting on the audio option a dropdown menu will appear.
- At the ending of the dropdown menu the "Audio Device" option will appear.
- Then by clicking on the Audio Device option an additional list of options will open.
- When the option of AirPlay is seen, ensure that a tick mark is present, i.e. it should be selected. This will ensure that the video is rendered through the Apple TV which the user will use later on.
vlc airplay
Step 4:
- Next, move to the option which is present just after the Audio option which is the 'Video' option.
- Highlight or click on the Video option with which a drop down menu will appear.
- After doing that, the user will find themselves present with a list of different options for playing the video of their choice.
- So the user should select the appropriate and setting through which they would like to play the video.
- The best recommended choice for a greater viewing experience for everyone present around will be 'Full Screen.'
vlc airplay
Once after any video has been converted into a compatible version for the Apple TV, then it uses the VLC AirPlay Mirror Apple TV for displaying these videos from the Mac. Some of the different ways of converting an MKV Video have been mentioned below;
Part 2: Stream MKV videos from Mac to Apple TV
How can the user stream VLC videos of MKV Format from the Mac to their Apple TV using AirPlay?
An Apple TV or a Mac will not stream a video of an MKV or AVi format or any other which isn't compatible for the system. So if such a problem arises then the user would require two such tools would be used.
1. Subler:
Subler is software which the user can use to access and convert the format of their.mkv file to a compatible version for streaming on the AirPlay Apple TV.
2. AirPlay Mirroring:
The user will use it for streaming the converted VLC Video to the Apple TV but only after conversion.
Let us look at both of it in detail now and see the step by step method for the conversion of the video.
1. Subler:
Software called 'Subler' is used to convert a VLC Video file into a compatible version to be accessible for the Mac and streaming on the Apple TV through AirPlay.
It is completely legal software to be used for a Mac User. While conversion it shows the video file, its audio and its subtitles all separately.
A step by step conversion way for such a file has been mentioned below.
Step 1:
Installing Subler
- First the user needs to download and install the software Subler for their Mac. The file conversion won't take place without this software.
- Once it has been downloaded, the user should click on the installed file and hit "Command & N" keys together. This opens up Subler.
- It can be seen at bottom of the screenshot shown.
airplay vlc
Step 2:
Creating a New Project
airplay vlc to apple tv
- Once Subler has been opened, the user has to create a new project and add their VLC files. This can be done either by clicking the plus "+" button on the top left hand side corner of the Mac or either by dragging and dropping the file into the opened Subler Window.
- Or the file can be dragged and dropped into the newly opened Subler window.
Step 3:
airplay vlc to apple tv
- After this is done, the user will be presented with the window containing the description of the file. Remember;
a. "H.264" is the video file.
b. "AAC" is the audio file
Do not uncheck the video and audio files. They have to be kept checked before the conversion.
- After this, then the user should click on the "Add" button.
Step 4: Saving the Video
airplay vlc to apple tv
- The user should look at the top left hand corner of the screen. The "File" option will be visible. So they should click it.
- When the dropdown menu appears, then click on "Save" option. On doing this the "Save" Menu will open of the Mac.
- The user should then select the appropriate file format and the place where they want to save it.
- Then click "Save" option on the opened window. The file has been saved.
This file is now ready to be streamed on the Apple TV. And for this, once again the user has to use VLC AirPlay Mirroring.
2. AirPlay Mirroring:
Ensure that the file has been converted into a compatible version to be streamed to the Apple TV. Then the user should open AirPlay Mirroring and check the following things.
airplay vlc to apple tv
- Ensure that when AirPlay is opened, the "AirPlay Display" option should be shown as connected. It can be seen on the top of the window.
- Also ensure that the option of AirPlay Apple TV has been connected as a tick mark. It can be seen towards the end of the dropdown menu.
The user will need to follow the same steps as above for streaming this converted video as mentioned above in the first way. This is the only way a VLC file can be streamed from the Mac to AirPlay Apple TV. But in this case conversion of the file into a compatible version has happened.
Why is AirPlay Mirror used?
- Know that Apple TV does not support files having the.mkv extension and hence the AirPlay Mirror will act as a medium to convert such VLC videos so that they compatible with the Apple TV.
Why should all the steps be followed one after another in order? If not what can happen?
- While streaming the VLC videos through VLC AirPlay from Mac to Apple TV, ensure that all the steps are followed consistently one after the other. If not it can result in the person not having proper audio or video for the streaming video. Audio will be played only through the Mac Desktop and not through the Apple TV.
What is the benefit of streaming to the Apple TV?
- When VLC videos are streamed from the Mac to the Apple TV, the Apple TV can support almost all types of video files and formats.
Hence, these were the few simple and useful steps in which we can Stream VLC Videos from Mac to Apple TV With AirPlay. Hope these 2 ways will be useful to you as well.
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In an unprecedented pastoral letter entitled "Hope and Healing," California's Catholic Bishops are calling for an end to the stigma around mental illness and greater collaboration between science, medical professionals and people of faith. The May 1, 2018 letter stated: "there is no shame in receiving a diagnosis of a psychiatric disorder… mental illness is neither a moral failure nor a character defect."
In some aspects, the Bishops' letter stems from ecumenical teamwork between Bishop Kevin Vann of Orange, California and Pastor Rick Warren, well-known evangelical pastor (Saddleback Church) and author. Following the suicide of Pastor Warren's son, he and Bishop Vann organized two major mental health forums to bring Catholics and evangelicals to unite on the issue. Other California dioceses followed suit. Based on Pope Francis' theme of building a "culture of encounter," the bishops expressed the need for direct engagement and friendship for those suffering from mental illness and encourages not only Catholics but "all people of goodwill" to advocate and care for the mentally ill.
It is estimated that one in five adults in the United States suffers from some form of mental disorder, and twenty percent of our adolescent population is currently undergoing treatment for a serious mental disorder or have been previously treated. Two of the US recent mass shooting incidents raised the urgent need for early intervention with individuals struggling with mental illness, as well as our growing teen suicide rate and opioid epidemic.
Click here to review the Crux article in its entirety
A related story in Crux covering the personal friendship and ecumenical efforts of Pastor Warren and Bishop Vann can be reviewed by clicking here.
Click here to review a Chicago Catholic article regarding a mental health initiative recently launched at Holy Name Cathedral in Chicago.


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Time-lapse seismology is a cost-effective approach for monitoring the changes in the fluid saturation and pressure over a period of time in a reservoir, in which multiple seismic surveys are done at different time intervals and then compared to see reservoir changes. A multicomponent time-lapse seismic data set was acquired during hydraulic fracturing of two horizontal wells in the unconventional Montney Reservoir at Pouce Coupe Field in the Peace River area by Talisman Energy Inc. In this study, we analyze this data to validate derived linear and nonlinear theoretical results for the time-lapse amplitude versus offset (AVO) difference during the change in a reservoir from the baseline survey relative to the monitor survey. We first generate the well tie to determine the location of the reservoir on the seismic data at the Montney Formation. Synthetic logs for P- and S- wave velocities and density are then generated for the monitor survey. Analyzing this data set at the baseline and monitor surveys shows that the linear approximation is good enough to estimate time-lapse AVO difference. This is consistent with the fact that the Pouce Coupe data set has a low baseline contrast between the cap rock and reservoir and a low time-lapse contrast from the baseline survey to the time of the monitor survey. The upper layer of the Montney Formation or Doig, with a larger baseline contrast, is also analyzed to evaluate the theoretical results.
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