4 Wheel Drive Grinding When Turning
There are many questions on various forums about the origin of a grinding noise that emanates from below the vehicle, especially when engaging 4-wheel drive. This article discusses the possible source as well as the solution to the strange sound. So why does my 4-wheel drive grind when turning?
When you hear a grinding sound when turning in 4 wheel drive means you are experiencing drivetrain binding. The binding of the drivetrain transfers high levels of torque through the drivetrain and transfer case resulting in difficulty turning, grinding noises, and wheel hop. Hearing a grinding sound when you are driving in a straight line when you engage 4WD means the gears inside the transfer case are partly engaged resulting in the teeth not meshing properly giving off a grinding sound. Stop or slow down your vehicle and attempt engaging 4WD again.
So now that we know what could cause the possible grinding noise from below the vehicle, there are other reasons why your 4-wheel drive could be making strange sounds while driving. One example is, it could be caused by the extreme suspension lifts. This severely alters the angles of the driveshafts into the transfer case which also gives off a grinding noise.
The next part of this article will cover why the grinding noise only happens when you are turning and not while driving straight as well as when it's safe to engage 4WD and the phenomenon of drivetrain binding in more detail. Later we'll cover the third reason that could be causing the grinding noise while driving.
If you'd like to find the answers to the above questions, continue reading…
Why is my 4 Wheel Drive grinding only when turning
So we've so far established that there are three instances that cause the grinding sound. It could be as a result of the following:
 1. Drivetrain Binding effect
 2. 4WD gears not engaged properly
 3. Driveshaft angles misaligned
So let's look into when it's appropriate to engage 4-wheel drive mode and under which driving conditions you need to exercise more caution.
When should you engage 4-wheel drive
For the purposes of this article, we will be referring to a part-time 4-wheel drive. Part-time 4-wheel drives need to be driven in 2H when not off-road or driving on a slick, slippery surface where traction is low. As simple as that. When you are driving on dry pavements and tarmac highways, you should always be driving in 2H. This mode safeguards your drivetrain from the binding effects, spares your tires, and returns the best MPG your 4-wheel drive can deliver. Even when the highway surface is wet and dry pavements are wet, it's highly recommended to remain in 2H mode since the surface is a high traction surface and designed to offer sufficient levels of grip even under these conditions.
Engaging 4WD does not exempt you from the laws of physics.
4wheeldriveguide.com
With that being said, many inexperienced 4WD owners are of the impression that as soon as the road surface is wet, it's appropriate to engage in 4WD. NOT ALWAYS THE CASE! Unless the road surface is covered in snow or ice then yes, you can and should safely engage 4WD, otherwise, adjust your driving style, lower your speed, increase your following distance and leave the vehicle in 2H mode. Engaging 4WD does not exempt you from the laws of physics.
Why do we recommend the above? Well, it's because, in order for you to safely engage 4WD, the driving surface needs to offer sufficient levels of slippage for it to work properly without risk of damaging your drivetrain. That means the driving surface must be slick, greasy, or muddy enough to allow the front wheels to slip a bit and rotate at dissimilar speeds to the rear wheels while turning. Straight-line driving is fine since both front and rear axles rotate at the same speed, but rather, it's the difference in rotational speed and a wider turning radius of the front wheels which cannot be accommodated by a locked center differential when driving on a high traction surface. When that happens long enough and torque starts being transferred back up into the drivetrain system and finally the transfer case, is when you start hearing grinding metal sounds and other strange noises caused by the immense stress being placed on the internal gearing.
Now, this might sound strange, since the whole purpose of the 4-wheel drive is to improve traction, yet in order for it to work, it needs to slip? Exactly.
The 4-Wheel drive should only be engaged when:
 1. You are driving off-road i.e dirt roads
 2. You are driving in thick snow
 3. You are driving on sand
 4. You are driving in deep mud
Basically, all surfaces that allow for enough slippage and where maximum traction is required, are safe for you to engage.
Grinding could be an effect of driveshaft binding
So how can driveshaft binding be the cause of the grinding noise when turning?
Below is an extract from an article explaining the drivetrain binding effect.
4 Wheel Drive Locks Up When Turning
This effect causes your vehicle to under-steer heavily, gears to get jammed and makes steering very difficult and even jerky. This phenomenon is caused by the front wheels battling the rotational force coming from the front drive shaft as it tries to slow down the front wheels, causing the massive under-steer effect. You should avoid engaging 4WD on a high traction surface at all costs. The longer you drive in that mode, you risk serious damage to your drive-train components and you will find it increasingly difficult to remove it from 4WD mode and switch back to 2WD mode.
4WD Binding – How To Fix Transmission Wind-Up
If you have forgotten to take your 4WD out of 4H after heading back on to the tarmac you will definitely experience transmission wind-up after a while. One way to identify if you have transmission windup is, your vehicle being stuck in a gear. You can yank and hang on the gear lever but nothing will release that gear due to the immense forces and torque built up inside the transmission.
So how do you fix transmission wind-up? The easiest way to fix bind-up is by pulling over to the side of the road with two wheels firmly on the tarmac and the other 2 wheels on a slippery surface like grass, mud, snow or sand. This allows the wheels to rotate at altered speeds releasing the wind-up in the transmission box. Once the wind-up has been released you will then be able to use your gearbox/transmission properly again.
The other option is to reverse in the same direction you were driving. So if you were driving forward in a left direction, reverse in a left direction and allow the wind-up in the transmission to reverse itself naturally.
Extract taken from the article: Why Your 4 Wheel Drive Jerks and Feels Hard to turn in 4WD
So that's the one cause of the grinding noises that you are hearing. You are most likely driving the vehicle on a surface that has enough traction and the vehicle is begging (grinding) you to disengage 4H and select 2H instead.
Now let's look at the second reason why grinding could occur, and this time it's grinding while driving on a slippery surface that warrants engaging 4-wheel drive.
4 Wheel drive grinds when engaging 4×4 on-the-fly
Manufacturers are constantly trying to build smarter, sophisticated, more user-friendly vehicles. The traditional 4-wheel drives of decades ago involved a long tedious process to engage 4-wheel drive. This included bringing the vehicle to a complete stop, exiting the vehicle, and manually engaging the front hubs by physically turning the 4WD dials on the front wheel hubs in order for 4-wheel drive mode to be engaged. Next, you are meant to place the transmission in neutral, and then engage 4-wheel drive by yanking a short gear stick from inside the cabin. SERIOUSLY! By then I'd lost my desire to off-road… lol
Fast forward to modern day time, and we have intelligent, refined 4-wheel drives that offer on-the-fly 2H to 4H shifting. Manufacturers promise us, we can safely engage the 4WD at any speed. No need to even slow down or exit the vehicle anymore. Everything is becoming more automated and user-friendly. So that's exactly what people do because that's what the user manual and dealership salesman said they could. However, this is another reason why the grinding effect happens over time when you constantly engage 4WD while driving, especially when you are above the recommended speed to safely do so.
When the splines fail to mesh you hear a grinding noise
With certain 4WD trucks, when shifting into 4WD while accelerating, you will hear a metallic grinding noise and/or bang when it eventually engages. This is bad news since you could potentially break teeth off internal gears inside the transfer case. Engaging 4-wheel drive while driving essentially locks the front and rear driveshafts together while one is spinning at a few thousand RPMs and the other is basically stationary. In this instance, one of two things happens. By some freak occurrence, the splines in the TC mesh, and with the immense forces being applied once everything starts linking and turning together, that is when you hear a bang.
Alternatively, the splines attempt to mesh together and do not succeed. When the splines fail to mesh you hear a grinding noise. If the wheels are turning freely without you accelerating, then the splines mesh seamlessly and there is no bang or grinding noise.
Why grinding occurs inside the transfer case
So let's try to isolate where exactly the sound is coming from first. If the noise is coming from the back it is your


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posted by esther on.
Guy wire. How long is a guy wire reaching from the top of a 21ft pole to a point on the ground 14 ft from the pole?
28ft (27.784887978899609016865094082057ft to be exact)
since when this is drawn it forms a right triangle, we use pythagorean theorem:
c^2 = a^2 + b^2
c = hypotenuse
a and b are base and height of the triangle
c^2 = 14^2 + 21^2
c = sqrt (196 + 441)
c = 25.24 ft
hope this helps~ :)

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Educational Opportunity for Cancer Researchers
June 24-29, 2012: NCI Cancer Research Imaging Camp: An Educational Opportunity for Basic Cancer Researchers
Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tenn.
Application deadline: February 10, 2012
Overview: Postdoctoral fellows and early career-level faculty in fields related to basic cancer biology are invited to apply for a special intensive course on in vivo imaging techniques. Through lectures and hands-on laboratory sessions, participants will gain experience with a wide range of imaging modalities, including advanced optical imaging, MRI, PET, SPECT, CT, and ultrasound. After this course, participants will be able to select and apply the appropriate in vivo imaging technique necessary to investigate a biological hypothesis and to interpret the resulting imaging data. Attendance is strictly limited to invited participants. Contact: Anne Menkens, Ph.D., NCI Cancer Imaging Program, _EMAIL_.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


Drumhead (sign)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
The term drumhead refers to a type of removable sign that was prevalent on North American railroads of the first half of the 20th century. The sign was mounted at the rear of passenger trains, and consisted of a box with internal illumination that shone through a tinted panel bearing the logo of the railroad or specific train.[1] Since the box and the sign were usually circular in shape and resembled small drums, they came to be known as drumheads.
Railroad drumheads were removable so that they could be mounted on different passenger cars (usually on the rear of observations), as needed for specific trains.
See also[edit]
 1. ^ "ABC's of Railroading: Terms of the trade". Trains (Waukesha, WI: Kalmbach Publishing): p 22. June 1991.


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Air con for Tube trains by 2010
The Tube carries more than a billion passengers a year
Parts of the Tube network will have air conditioned trains from 2010, London Underground has announced.
The move would see trains on "surface" lines such as the Circle, District and Metropolitan lines equipped with air conditioning in about two years.
Industrial-sized fans will be used to improve station air flow this summer.
But transport bosses said cooling the Tube remained a major challenge, especially on deeper lines such as the Northern and Piccadilly lines.
About 40 fans will be installed at stations including Charing Cross, Bond Street and Bank.
In addition, a large number of station ventilation shafts and fans are being brought back into service. So far 50 such fans have been renewed.
The London Underground's Victorian heritage is its charm and its burden
Peter O'Toole, London Underground
A scheme in which pumped-out water is used to cool platforms at Victoria Tube station is being repeated this summer.
London Underground managing director Tim O'Toole said cooling the Tube was "a major and long-term engineering challenge".
"The London Underground's Victorian heritage is its charm and its burden," he said.
"Today the Tube carries over a billion passengers a year and as passenger demand continues to grow, so does the need to increase capacity and upgrade the network."


HPS5137 Checkin screen did not match current PS. Connection = {0} ECL error = {1} Screen description = {2} Screen dump = {3}
Explanation
While verifying the state of the connection, it was found that the current screen of the application does not match the expected screen for the host connection to be returned to the connection pool.
User response
Examine your macros to see if the screen that is in the log for this error message could have appeared after a normal execution of a data macro of an Integration Object (the last one in a chain, if chained). If so, your checkin screen description defined by the application is incorrect. This can occur if you choose screen recognition criteria which inadequately describe the screen state of the Integration Object when the connection is to be released. The checkin screen is the last screen of the connect macro if one exists, or the first screen of the data macro (of the first Integration Object in a chain, if chained).


Database modules
The rc_cube provides several database modules which enable the user to configure global data which is used in many detection modules, such as load carriers and regions of interest. Via the REST-API interface the database modules are only available in API version 2.
The database modules are:
 - LoadCarrierDB (rc_load_carrier_db)
 allows setting, retrieving and deleting load carriers.
 - RoiDB (rc_roi_db
 allows setting, retrieving and deleting 2D and 3D regions of interest.
 - GripperDB (rc_gripper_db)
 allows setting, retrieving and deleting grippers for collision checking.
These modules are global on the rc_cube, which means that they run outside the camera pipelines. Changes to their settings or parameters affect all pipelines running on the rc_cube.


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What is the optimal ph level for oven cleaner?
Oven cleaner is a product that is used to clean ovens. The optimal pH level for oven cleaner is between 10 and 11. This pH range is ideal for removing tough grease and baked-on food from ovens. Oven cleaner is also effective at removing dirt, grime, and stains from ovens.
How does the ph level of oven cleaner affect its safety?
There are a few factors to consider when discussing the safety of oven cleaners. The first is the ingredients. Many oven cleaners contain lye, which is a caustic substance that can cause chemical burns. In addition, some oven cleaners contain chlorinated solvents, which can release toxic fumes when used. The second factor to consider is the pH level of the cleaner. A high pH level indicates that the cleaner is more acidic, while a low pH level indicates that the cleaner is more basic. A high pH level can be more corrosive and cause more irritation, while a low pH level can be more difficult to remove and cause more staining. The third factor to consider is the level of exposure. Oven cleaners are typically used in enclosed spaces, such as ovens, which can increase the level of exposure to fumes and chemicals. In addition, some people may be more sensitive to chemical fumes and irritation than others. Finally, it is important to follow the directions on the cleaner's label and take appropriate safety precautions, such as wearing gloves and ventilation, to minimize the risks associated with using oven cleaners.
Is there a difference in the ph level of oven cleaners made with natural ingredients and those made with synthetic ingredients?
YES! There is a big difference in the pH levels of oven cleaners made with natural ingredients and those made with synthetic ingredients. Natural ingredients tend to have a pH level that is closer to neutral, while synthetic ingredients often have a pH level that is more alkaline. This is because natural ingredients are derived from plants and animals, while synthetic ingredients are created in a laboratory.
The pH level is important because it affects how well the oven cleaner will work. A higher pH level means that the cleaner is more alkaline and will be more effective at cutting through grease and grime. A lower pH level means that the cleaner is more acidic and will be less effective at cutting through grease and grime.
So, if you are looking for an oven cleaner that is effective at cutting through grease and grime, you should look for one that is made with synthetic ingredients. If you are looking for an oven cleaner that is gentle and won't damage your oven, you should look for one that is made with natural ingredients.
How does the ph level of oven cleaner affect its environmental impact?
The pH level of oven cleaner affects its environmental impact because it determines how readily the cleaner will break down in the environment. A low pH level indicates that the cleaner is more likely to break down quickly, while a high pH level means that the cleaner is less likely to break down. This is important because oven cleaners that don't break down readily can build up in the environment and become toxic.
What is the ph level of the most popular brands of oven cleaner?
There are a few different things that can affect the pH level of oven cleaner. The first is the type of oven cleaner being used. Some oven cleaners are more acidic than others. The second is the concentration of the oven cleaner. The more concentrated the oven cleaner is, the higher the pH level will be. The third is the amount of time the oven cleaner is left on the surface. The longer the cleaner is left on, the higher the pH level will be.
The pH level of the most popular brands of oven cleaner can range from anywhere between 2 and 12. The most popular brand of oven cleaner is likely to be somewhere in the middle of that range. However, it is always best to check the label of the oven cleaner before using it to make sure that it is compatible with the surface you are cleaning.
How does the ph level of oven cleaner compare to other household cleaners?
It is important to maintain a clean household and many people use different cleaners for different purposes. Oven cleaner is one type of household cleaner that is used to clean ovens. The ph level of oven cleaner is important to consider when comparing it to other household cleaners.
The ph level is a measure of how acidic or basic a solution is. The scale for the ph level goes from 0 to 14, with 0 being the most acidic and 14 being the most basic. A neutral ph is 7.0. Oven cleaner typically has a ph level between 2.0 and 3.0, making it one of the most acidic household cleaners.
Other household cleaners have a much higher ph level. For example, dish soap has a ph level between 7.0 and 10.0. This means that dish soap is much less acidic than oven cleaner. Therefore, oven cleaner is more likely to cause damage to surfaces than dish soap. It is important to use oven cleaner in a well-ventilated area and to follow the directions on the label.
What are the consequences of using an oven cleaner with the wrong ph level?
If you use an oven cleaner with the wrong pH level, the consequences can be disastrous. The wrong pH level can cause the oven cleaner to eat through the enamel on your oven, which can lead to serious damage. It can also cause the oven cleaner to release toxic fumes, which can be dangerous to your health.
Can the ph level of oven cleaner be adjusted?
Yes, the pH level of oven cleaner can be adjusted. The most common oven cleaners are made with alkaline materials, which have a high pH. However, there are some oven cleaners on the market that are made with acidic materials, which have a lower pH. Adjusting the pH level of your oven cleaner can be done by adding either more acidic or more alkaline materials to the cleaner.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the pH of alkaline oven cleaner?
The pH of alkaline oven cleaners typically falls in the 12-14 range.
What is the pH level of most common cleaning products?
The pH level of most common cleaning products varies, but is usually around 11-13.
What is the best oven cleaner for your kitchen?
There is no definitive answer to this question as different oven cleaners will work better on different surfaces, depending on the cleaning agent and pH level. Ultimately, it is best to choose a cleaner that suits your specific needs and is safe for use around the kitchen floor and worktops.
Is ammonia good for oven cleaning?
There is no one-size-fits-all answer to this question, as the strength of an oven cleaner will depend on the type and condition of the dirt and grease. However, most household cleaners, including ammonia, are effective at removing dirt, grease and baked on food from ovens.
What is the pH of an oven cleaner?
The pH of an oven cleaner typically registers between 11 and 13. This is because alkalis are very effective at cutting through all the grime and gunk that accumulate inside an oven. Through saponification, a l kalis emulsify fats into soaps, which are then more easily dissolved in water.


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|Located at Batu Putih village and 41km from the Kota
Kinabatangan township, Agop Batu Tulug is a steep limestone cliff that stands 39
meters high and is part of the 20-25 millionyear old Labang limestone
formation. The word 'agop' in the Orang Sungai language means cave. There are
three main caves, agop suriba (lower) on the forest floor, lintaga (middle) and
sawat (upper) betweeen 12-15m high.
Inside the middle and upper caves are more than a hundred carved wooden coffins dating back 200-250 years, watched over by bats and swallows. Batu Putih village can be viewed from here as well.
The coffins resemble different animals associated to the beliefs of the Orang Sungai but it has also been said that they are the coffins of the Chinese who once settled in the area as Chinese artifacts were found among the remains.
A site Museum since 1996, it has facilities such as an information center, stairs leading to the caves, toilets and resting huts.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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The Helpful Indicator Card
Deck of Cards
Watch the video above for complete instructions.
Prepare your deck beforehand:
1. Take out the 5 of hearts card and the 4 aces.
2. Place the 5 of hearts face up on top of the deck, then place the four aces on top of the 5 of hearts face down.
Performing the Trick:
Spread the deck out for your audience, careful not to show the face down 5 of hearts card. Turn the deck over then ask your assistant to show a card, have them show it to the audience then have them place the card on the top of the deck.
Cut the cards and then spread out the cards. When you see the face up 5 of hearts, let the audience know it's an indicator cards, indicating that the 5th card up from the 5 of hearts card is your assistants' card. Reveal the card, then show that the 4 cards between the 5 of hearts and you assistant's card is now the 4 aces.


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Archie Arthur Hoffman, 73, a retired major general in the Air Force Medical Corps and founding member of the Society of Air Force Physicians, died June 19 at Malcolm Grow Medical Center at Andrews Air Force Base, where he was commanding officer from 1958 to 1967. He had had a stroke.
Gen. Hoffman, who lived in Bethesda, was born in Boston. He graduated from Massachusetts State College and took his medical degree at the Medical College of Virginia in Richmond.
In 1940, he was commissioned in the Army Medical Corps and was assigned to the old Army Air Corps. During World War II, he was a hospital commander and flight surgeon in Central and South America.
He went into the Air Force when it became a separate service in 1947. He took a residency in internal medicine at Walter Reed Army Medical Center in the early 1950s and also specialized in injuries caused by the cold in Korea during the war there.
Subsequent assignments included a tour in the Office of the Surgeon General of the Air Force. He also conducted studies on heart problems afflicting the relatively young and active members of the Air Force and on tuberculosis and poliomyelitis.
Gen. Hoffman received the star of a brigadier general during the years he commanded what is now Malcolm Grow Medical Center at Andrews Air Force Base. In 1967, he again was assigned to the Office of the Surgeon General of the Air Force and he was promoted to major general. He retired in 1968 for health reasons.
In retirement, he was a consultant to the American College of Cardiology and a senior consultant in aviation medicine to the Federal Aviation Administration. He continued this work until about 1975.
Gen. Hoffman's military decorations include the Air Force Commendation Medal. The Society of Air Force Physicians, which he helped found, is the professional group of internists in the Air Force. It is a chapter of the American College of Physicians.
Gen. Hoffman's survivors include his wife, Gertrude S. Hoffman of Bethesda; two children, Heidi R. Hoffman, also of Bethesda, and Col. Peter F. Hoffman, the deputy commander of the Malcolm Grow facility and a resident of Andrews Air Force Base, and five grandchildren.


Detective Lavender Mystery Books In Order
Publication Order of Detective Lavender Mysteries Books
The Missing Heiress aka The Heiress of Linn Hagh(2012)Hardcover Paperback Kindle
The Mystery of the Skelton Diamonds(2014)Hardcover Paperback Kindle
The Piccadilly Pickpocket(2015)Hardcover Paperback Kindle
The Sans Pareil Mystery(2015)Hardcover Paperback Kindle
The Sculthorpe Murder(2016)Hardcover Paperback Kindle
Plague Pits & River Bones(2018)Hardcover Paperback Kindle
Murder in Park Lane(2019)Hardcover Paperback Kindle
The Death of Irish Nell(2019)Hardcover Paperback Kindle
The Willow Marsh Murder(2020)Hardcover Paperback Kindle
Death at the Frost Fair(2020)Hardcover Paperback Kindle
The Detective Lavender Mystery series is a collection of novels from Karen Charlton that explore the adventures of two members of the Bow Street Runners, a police force of sorts that existed in Regency England.
+The Story
'Catching the Eagle' was one of Karen Charlton's earliest works. The book came about when the author and her family went digging into their ancestry. She was surprised to learn that Jamie Charlton, an ancestor on her husband's side, had been quite the criminal.
This inspired Karen to write a story set in Regency England and which looked at the manner in which mysteries were solved at the time. The book told the story of a farm laborer by the names of Jamie Charlton who was accused of stealing a considerable sum.
'Catching the Eagle' matters because it marked the first appearance of Detective Stephen Lavender, a principal officer of the Bow Street Magistrate's court who was called in to investigate the situation.
Detective Stephen Lavender and Constable Ned Woods were just supporting characters when they were first introduced. However, with the relative success of 'Catching the Eagle', Karen Charlton decided to spin them off into their own story, creating the Detective Lavender Mystery series.
The books take place in England in the early 1800s. The protagonists are written to operate as part of the Bow Street Runners, the creation of a Chief Magistrate in London by the names of Henry Fielding, working essentially as the first professional police force in the area.
Stephen Lavender was a real person, a historical figure who people might stumble upon if they dig into court cases from that time period. Karen Charlton took this individual and fleshed him out to create a fully realized character that fights crime in the 1800s.
Detective Lavender is a strong, intelligent and pretty well off individual. He has a good head on his shoulders and it looks like he comes from a privileged section of society. When he is first introduced, the detective is in his early thirties, however, he is so stuffy and cardboard in the way he acts that many readers have admitted to initially confusing him for a much older individual.
Ned Woods is Lavender's opposite, a constable that shouldn't have anything to do with Detective Lavender's murder cases but who keeps getting roped into the renowned officer's business.
Woods and Lavender are best friends, even though that doesn't always seem like the case. Of the two, Woods is the nice one. He is warm and earthy and kind. He generally puts people at ease.
And as the talker of the duo, he tends to do most of the interacting with witnesses and victims. People are happy to invite Woods into their lives. With Lavender, things are a little more complicated.
Lavender is prone to disappearing into his mind and getting lost in his thoughts and ruminations. He has a tendency to put people off and to make them feel like he is disregarding them.
This is partially the reason why their partnership works. Woods might not be the smartest cookie in the jar but he has the tact necessary to get information out of people. Lavender's social skills are a little lacking but he knows how to put information together to form cogent conclusions.
While Lavender and Woods normally drive the mystery aspect of the Detective Lavender Mystery series, Dona Magdalena plays just as important a role. The Spanish woman is Lavender's love interest.
She is described as a spicy and feisty woman with demons in her past. She fled a conflict in Europe and currently lives in England as an immigrant.
The Detective Lavender Mystery series has been criticized for some of its inconsistencies. For instance, because Detective Lavender clearly has an aristocratic background, some fans do not believe that he would freely mix with so many characters that are clearly in a much lower social class.
Additionally, some of the language isn't as accurate as historically savvy readers would like. This isn't even taking into account all the aristocratic female characters that Karen Charlton creates who live very independent lives that see them running their own businesses and supporting entire families despite living in a society that would have greatly restricted them.
Karen Charlton often fields questions regarding the fact that her characters are living in the Regency period but they feel like they would be perfectly at home in the 21st Century.
Of course, there are those audiences that have lauded Karen for so thoroughly immersing them in the period of Regency England through the sights, sounds and smells she describes in her scenes.
Karen's biggest strength in the Detective Lavender Mystery series isn't the mysteries themselves but her ability to create and manage complex plots. More often than not, readers have said that they had the mysteries of the author's different books figured out by the half way mark. But that did not stop them from enjoying the process Lavender went through to come to the right conclusion.
+The Heiress of Linn Hagh
A beautiful woman goes missing at Linn Hagh. No one knows how she left her locked bedchamber. They do not even know whether she was kidnapped or simply escaped.
And as a notable heiress, her case is of such importance that Detective Lavender and Constable Woods are summoned to investigate. There are a lot of rumors swirling about the situation but no solid leads.
No one will talk to Lavender and Woods, not the servants and certainly not the heiress' siblings. There seems to be a feud simmering and the only way Detective Lavender can hope to put the case to rest is if he brings to light a series of family secrets.
+The Sans Pareil Mystery
April Clare was a promising young actress, so her passing is greatly felt at the Sans Pareil Theatre. And because her remains were found in suspicious circumstances, Detective Lavender and Constable Woods are summoned to investigate.
It doesn't take them long to learn that there's more going on than meets the eye. They must unravel the many mysteries they discover quickly as the Napoleonic War is looming across the channel. There's a lot of suspicion of treachery in the air
Book Series In Order » Characters » Detective Lavender Mystery


Arithmetic Properties of a Restricted Bipartition Function
Jian Liu, Andrew Y.Z. Wang
Abstract
A bipartition of $n$ is an ordered pair of partitions $(\lambda,\mu)$ such that the sum of all of the parts equals $n$. In this article, we concentrate on the function $c_5(n)$, which counts the number of bipartitions $(\lambda,\mu)$ of $n$ subject to the restriction that each part of $\mu$ is divisible by $5$. We explicitly establish four Ramanujan type congruences and several infinite families of congruences for $c_5(n)$ modulo $3$.
Keywords
bipartition;congruence
Full Text:
PDF


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Ecosystem restoration volunteers honoured
Two long-time members of the East Kootenay Wildlife Association (EKWA) were honoured recently for their contribution to ecosystem restoration.
Glynn Killins of Kimberley and Andy Pezderic of Golden represented the wildlife association on the Rocky Mountain Trench Ecosystem Restoration Program (ER Program) and Rocky Mountain Trench Natural Resources Society (Trench Society) from 1996 to 2013.
Both men retired this year from their volunteer positions after representing EKWA on the ER Program steering committee and Trench Society board of directors for a combined total of 26 years. Current EKWA rep on the two organizations is Mark Hall of Jaffray.
"Glynn and Andy did an outstanding job of speaking up for ecosystem restoration and its benefits, particularly for wildlife habitat," Trench Society coordinator Dan Murphy told an EKWA meeting in Cranbrook November 16.
"Their dedication and commitment over so many years is an example to all of us who value the natural environment. It is an honour to recognize them today."
On behalf of ER Program partners and Trench Society member organizations, Murphy presented Killins and Pezderic with gifts in appreciation of their work.
Killins was the first chair of the Trench Society, which was formed in 1996 by a coalition of hunting, ranching, wildlife and environmental organizations to support restoration of grassland and open forest ecosystems in the East Kootenay and Upper Columbia Valley.
Pezderic, a former EKWA president, was a strong advocate for ecosystem restoration at the provincial level during his many years as chair of the BC Wildlife Federation's Forestry and Land Use committees.
The Trench Society was one of the founding members of the Trench ER Program when it was established by the B.C. Government in 1998. The program has since grown into a partnership of 30 agencies restoring grasslands and open forests on Crown land, provincial and national parks, private conservation properties and First Nations reserves.
Restoration enhances winter range for elk, mule deer, white-tailed deer and bighorn sheep, and improves habitat for many of the region's endangered wildlife species, among other benefits.
For more information, visit _URL_.


Maximum Number of DLLs
Some packages contain native code, which is linked to R dynamically in the form of dynamically loaded libraries (DLLs). Recently, R users started loading increasing numbers of packages; "workflow documents" are one source of this pattern. This has eventually lead to hitting the DLL limit in R, which materializes as runtime error "maximal number of DLLs reached".
Limit on the number of open files
The DLL limit in R is good for one important reason. Each loaded DLL will consume at least one open file descriptor in the implementation of the dynamic loader (on Unix inside dlopen). It can consume more due to loading of dependent libraries. Operating systems limit the number of open files per process and on some systems the limit is very low. It has been reported in the past to be as low as 256 by default on some systems and todays OS/X platforms still have it at 256 by default. The limit is usually higher on Linux (e.g. 1024) and is very high (essentially non-existent) on Windows. It can be increased on both OS/X and Linux, but it is not easy for regular users. If the limit on the number of open files is reached, R will start behaving unpredictably as opening files will start failing – diagnosing that the file limit is the problem may be very difficult (the failures may show up in any code of R runtime but also in packages; error messages may not be properly propagated to the user in full detail). At the same time, diagnosing that the DLL limit has been reached is easy, one gets a standard R error message saying exactly this when trying to load a DLL, usually via loading a package.
On POSIX systems (applies to Unix and OS/X of R platforms), the limit on the number of open files is referred to as RLIMIT_NOFILE, it can be detected by getrlimit() and changed, following certain restrictions, by setrlimit(). There is a hard limit and a soft limit. The hard limit can be irreversibly lowered by a user process. The soft limit can be set (reversibly) to any value as permitted by the hard limit. One can change these limits from a shell using utility ulimit. The utility is not required by POSIX to support the file limit, but it typically does in shells on Linux and OS/X. An example from an OS/X 10.13.3 system:
$ ulimit -n
$ ulimit -Sn
$ ulimit -Hn
In the example, the soft limit on the system is 256, but there is no (small) hard limit. In fact, there is a limit to the hard limit, it is just not shown by the call. One can thus, with user privileges, simply increase the soft limit to be able to open more files in processes executed further by the shell, so one can just do this before running R:
$ ulimit -Sn 2048
ulimit -n 2048 would do as well, but it would modify both the soft and the hard limits, and so one would not be able to increase it further, e.g. for experimentation purposes.
There is also a limit on the number of open files set in the OS kernel. On OS/X, these are parameters kern.maxfiles and kern.maxfilesperproc and can be changed via sysctl (they are 98304 and 49152 on my system). It is very unlikely one would have to change these.
DLL registry representation in R
Meta-data about loaded DLLs in R is kept in a fixed-size array allocated at R startup, so setting the size high incurs a memory overhead. In principle, the data structure could be changed to a linked list (and we received a rather extensive patch suggesting to do that). However, one entry of the array takes only 96 bytes (on my 64-bit Linux), so having the limit very high, say a thousand or more, by default would not be a real issue on todays systems with large amounts of memory and perhaps not worth increasing the complexity of this code. One could instead consider re-allocating the array on demand, but it seems there may be pointers inside these entries (I could not persuade myself based on reading the code that moving the entries in memory would be safe). The memory overhead is still small, the real issue that prevents people from loading the DLLs is the number of open files.
Overheads of loading many packages
Apart from that it might not be a good idea conceptually, loading excessive number of packages may not be advisable also for performance reasons. Even though packages use so called lazy loading, there are some operations performed eagerly when packages are loaded, particularly by S4/methods implementation. Some Bioconductor packages have been seen to take 12 seconds to load on a modern computer (including dependent packages), I've experimented with yriMulti which took that long (including dependent packages) and it seems most time has been spent in updating method tables. It would be good to reduce these overhead in the future, but for now they should be taken into consideration.
DLL limit in recent versions of R
In R 3.3.x, the maximum number of DLLs has been fixed to 100. The known minimum default limit on the number of open files was (only) 256, so there was a 156-files buffer to cater for that DLLs may take more than one file and for other files to be open by R runtime and packages.
In R 3.4.x, the maximum number of DLLs can be modified via environment variable R_MAX_NUM_DLLS. The variable is checked on R startup and the fixed array (the registry) is pre-allocated. Setting the variable already inside running R has no effect on that instance of R. The minimum permissible value is 100 and the maximum is 1000 (yet permitting the limit on the number of open files). The limit on the number of open files is detected via getrlimit() on POSIX systems, and is hardcoded (very high) on Windows. If such limit is known, the maximum number of DLLs can be up to 60% of the file limit (so the buffer can be a bit smaller than in R 3.3.x). If no such limit is known, the maximum number of DLLs remains 100. If the limit on the number of open files is so small that we could not even set the limit on DLLs to 100, R fails to start with an informative error message.
This allowed users requiring to load many DLLs to increase the DLL limit, but on systems with a small limit on the number of open files (typically OS/X), this also required increasing that limit as well.
To make this behavior more user-friendly, R 3.5.0 automatically aims at a higher DLL limit (currently 614) when R_MAX_NUM_DLLS is not set. When the OS limit on the number of open files is too small for this, R attempts to increase the limit via setrlimit() on POSIX systems (on Windows, no increase is necessary). One thus now gets typically the limit of 614 even on OS/X systems without setting any variables. When R_MAX_NUM_DLLS is set, but the limit on the number of open files is too low, R again attempts to increase the limit. So now, even on OS/X, this succeeds (provided there is no strict hard limit):
env R_MAX_NUM_DLLS=1000 R
One can also see that the file limit is increased automatically:
$ ulimit -n
$ R
> system("ulimit -n")
Listing loaded DLLs
One can list the DLLs registry from R, this could be useful when diagnosing the origins of loaded DLLs:
> getLoadedDLLs()
 Filename Dynamic.Lookup
base base FALSE
methods /Users/tomas/trunk/library/methods/libs/ FALSE
utils /Users/tomas/trunk/library/utils/libs/ FALSE
grDevices /Users/tomas/trunk/library/grDevices/libs/ FALSE
graphics /Users/tomas/trunk/library/graphics/libs/ FALSE
stats /Users/tomas/trunk/library/stats/libs/ FALSE


text:
Part II - Problems with Current Gait
Problems with Current Gait Analysis Work:
- Carry-line has not been recognized
- Foot offset has not been recognized
- Stride specifics are not understood
- Inaccurate measurement of the step
- Line of progression is not an
appropriate reference line for angular measurements
- No standard reference position
- Conflicting and inaccurate
- Measurements are taken at the
- Aberrations aren't measured as a
1. Carry-line has not been recognized.
Stride = carry + step (vectors).
person takes a step with the left foot, as they walk the
right foot has to be brought up to and then pass the
left foot while in the air, in order to take its own
step. This action is called the "carry".
discussions question how a person can walk with
radically different step lines and still show no
problems in gait. Disregarding the carry is the critical
error which leads to the confusion. Carry is the
distance equalization mechanism for the total distance
traveled by each foot.
Thus, when the left foot
takes a 15" step, the right foot is "carried" for 15".
Then, the right foot moves forward with a step of 20",
followed by the 20" carry of the left foot. For one full
stride, the left foot moves forward by a step of 15"
PLUS a carry of 20", for total of 35", and the right
moves forward with a carry of 15" PLUS a step of 20",
for a total of 35". (Note: These numbers come out even
because I assume there are no turns over the step. If
there are, as is probably the usual case, opposing step
and carries are not equal, and accounts for left/right
foot distance variations when turning.)
can be easily controlled, but carry-line changes as a
consequence of the other foot's previous step-line, foot
offset and foot angle, as well as the current step's
push-off angle, aberrations, pelvic stretch (and
straddle-line). So, distance and direction variations in
one foot are reflected by changes in the corresponding
carry-line for the other foot.
must be included as a distinct distance unit.
2. Foot offset has not been recognized.
Foot offset describes how far a person puts their
foot to the side of the straight line for that foot,
entails a rotation of the step-out line, and shows the
contribution from pelvic joint rotations to direction
control. Rotation at either pelvic joint results in foot
It's a direction parameter with a
side-step part, resulting in a lateral mass shift, as
well as a direction change via rotation of the foot-line
along with the step-out line. This foot-line rotation,
however, is not a foot angle change, since foot angle
uses the step-out line as its 0 reference.
may be why foot offset hasn't been defined until now. It
took a logical analysis, not a measurement, to discover
it. Measures using the "line of progression" read all
foot-line rotations as from foot angle, with no way to
distinguish the contribution from foot offset.
Foot offset and foot angle are separate direction
parameters which have different characteristics and
controls. Foot offset is changed by real or apparent
lateral rotation at either pelvic joint, as well as
lateral movement at the knee and ankle joints. Foot
angle is changed by real or apparent foot-line rotation
around the 3D step-out-line axis.
must be included as a separate direction entity.
3. Stride specifics are not understood.
Comparison of right and left heel to heel stride
measurements is not valid as the sole determinant of
direction change. The right stride is related to
different parts of two consecutive left strides (The
step of the first plus the carry of the second.), and
vice versa. Several consecutive measurements would
minimize this error.
And, measured equality of
stride lines doesn't guarantee the person is walking
a) The paths of 2 people both "walking
straight" may diverge if they're not walking straight in
the same way.
b) A person walking a straight
stride may be turning with every step ( I think this is
how everyone normally walks. Walking is a controlled
stagger. A person is virtually always engaged in
turning, according to the lower frame, even if walking
Stride-line (and walking base) is a
product of 9 distance and 5 direction elements, and is
also the vector sum of the step and carry lines. It is
not equivalent to 2 steps. Stride = carry + step
4. Inaccurate measurement of the step length.
First, it has to be clarified what's being described
with the step length (line). To this method, it's an
accurate measurement of the distance traveled by the
foot over the step, measured from heel-points.
Current literature shows 2 main ways to measure "step
1) Left heel-edge to right heel-edge,
and vice versa. (This measurement does not accurately
describe the total distance traveled by the foot over
the step. It includes a part from the pelvis, and shows
a different variation with respect to foot offset than
the accurate measurement. I call this L/R-line (but,
taken from heel-points) see Fig.6)
2) Step =
Stride/2. This is a measure that splits stride length in
two. And, that's all it is.
step-(carry-) line are wrt the appropriate heel-point in
the standard start position. This accurately defines the
distance traveled by the foot over the step (carry).
Also, even in the clinical literature there's the
occasional reference to step length with respect to
direction change, saying that different right vs left
step lengths will cause a person to change direction.
This does not happen. Differences in step length for the
left and right feet can not change direction, only
However, since L/R-line is changed by
foot offset (as is the step-line), and L/R-line is what
many currently define as "step length", direction
changes associated with foot offset may appear to result
from the change in the L/R-line. But, change in the
L/R-line is a consequence of the foot offset, not the
5. "Line of progression" is not an
appropriate reference line for angular measurements.
The "line of progression" is a decision about
direction based on the motion of a mass unit or the
position of footfalls. It's a very inaccurate reference
line for the measurement of direction parameters like
If based on a mass unit, it's motion
is what it shows, and if based on footfalls, it varies
with foot offset and aberrations.
inhibits the recognition of foot offset, since foot-line
rotations due to foot angle vs foot offset appear as all
from foot angle.
There are 5 consecutive
"straight lines forward" which are used as references
over the course of a step. These allow the tracking of
direction change over the entire step, as contributions
from each of the 4 parameters relevant for direction.
6. No standard reference position.
There are two separate distance units involved when
the foot is in swing phase, the carry and step lines.
Since the foot is in the air, and it could have any
number of different paths while in the air, how can the
two be separated?
This requires the application
of an arbitrary, theoretical reference position. The
most logical choice for this is the "standard start
position", which is based on the pelvic joint positions
and start heel-point at heel-contact.
"reference-heel-point", where the step-foot is in the
air in the standard start position, is the stop/start
point for carry/step lines, resp.
But, the foot
never has to pass over the standard position, and the
person never has to take up the orientation of the
standard grid except at the snapshot. Those details are
matters for observation, not definition.
reference position is valid because of the vector nature
of all the measured distances.
7. Conflicting and inaccurate definitions.
While I'd like to conform to definitions that are in
current use, it's not possible. The same terms are used
to describe different things, and vice versa, depending
who you talk to. Unfortunately, literal terms like step
length and stride length have been used to describe
In order to have any
kind of discussion, terminology has to be standardized,
even for just this paper. All the definitions I've
created are unique, and many are accurate versions of
currently used terms. So, there was a bit of a dilemma.
Question: How can the new terms be distinguished
from current, inaccurate versions of the same ones?
Answer: I use the designation "line" when referring
to an accurate quantity.
Any measured distance
can be connected with a straight line. Every line has a
length. So, reference to the step "line" is a reference,
ipso facto, to the step "length", and vice versa. This
avoids the vast majority of conflicts, and highlights
the vector nature of all the measured distances.
8. Measurements are taken at the heel-edge.
Heel-edge measurements are not accurate.
They're easier, but always introduce a variation in both
distance and direction with respect to the accurate
heel-point measurement. Heel-edge measures do not
accurately describe the distance the foot travels over a
step or stride,


text:
- stump (n.)
- mid-14c., "remaining part of a severed arm or leg," from or cognate with Middle Low German stump (from adjective meaning "mutilated, blunt, dull"), Middle Dutch stomp "stump," from Proto-Germanic *stump- (cf. Old Norse stumpr, Old High German and German stumpf "stump," German Stummel "piece cut off"), perhaps related to the root of stub or stamp, but the connection in each case presents difficulties.
Earliest form of the word in English is a now-obsolete verb meaning "to stumble over a tree-stump or other obstacle," attested from mid-13c. Meaning "part of a tree trunk left in the ground after felling" is from mid-15c. Sense of "walk clumsily" is first recorded c.1600; that of "baffle" is first recorded 1807, perhaps in reference to plowing newly cleared land.
- stump (v.)
- "to go on a speaking tour during a political campaign," 1838, American English, from phrase stump speech (1820), from stump (n.), large tree stumps being a natural perch for rural orators (this custom is attested from 1775).


text:
Bac Kan is a mountainous province, sharing its border with Cao Bang Province to the north, Tuyen Quang Province to the west, Lang Son Province to the south-east, and Thai Nguyen Province to the south. The topography is mainly midland, mountainous. The province has a complex network of rivers and springs.
Climate:There are two seasons: dry and cold lasts from April to October and hot and rainy from November to December. The cold season lasts longer in the north region. The annual average temperature is 25ºC. The annual rainfall is about 1,400mm - 1,800mm. The weather has drizzling rain and high humidity in March, April and August.


text:
Contact InformationTel: _PHONE_
About Print Management
In an effort to help the conservation of printing resources, the Community College of Rhode Island has established a print quota system.
The benefits are:
- Raising awareness of the environmental effect of wasted paper and toner
- Encouraging CCRI students to use electronic methods for sharing and viewing documents
- Focusing on our campus printing through more efficient printing devices
- Follow-you printing: print jobs released through page counters on enabled printers will provide:
- Security: print jobs are released by the user who submitted the job, at the time and place of their choice
- Flexibility: able to collect the print from any enabled location, avoid bottlenecks, use the most appropriate printer
- Environmental benefits: prints not released (collected) can be deleted from the print server automatically. These are called "avoided prints", and can be used as carbon offsets. Reduces paper and toner wastage
- User awareness: notification of print costs and other options can be displayed on user workstations. Increases consciousness of the costs associated with printing and can help'steer' users towards better practice
- Quota management: able to apply monitoring and quoting on a per user basis. Access to reporting tools for business areas
- Financial: reductions in paper, toner and power usage and therefore costs through the application of follow-you printing, quota management and user education
How this system works:
- The print quotas will go into effect on January 24, 2011.
- Each student will have a print quota of 1000 pages for each semester.
- Each student's print quota is reset each term so there will be no carryover from one term to the next.
- Each time a student prints to a printer, a Cost Preview dialog box will appear that states the amount of pages their quota will be charged and their current quota balance.Their options will be to Accept or Delete the print job.
- If a student exhausts the page quota, more pages can be purchased with cash at the Pay stations for $.05 per page
This page developed and maintained by Information Technology. Send comments and suggestions to.


text:
The Invented Chinese Classical Garden
Supervisors: Mark Cousins, Doreen Bernath
The "Chinese classical garden" has been a popular topic in Chinese architecture for almost 80 years, in use not only in landscape design, but also in architecture and urban design. Wang Shu, the laureate of the 2012 Pritzker Prize, referred to it in presenting his design. The "Chinese classical garden" has encouraged the birth of a Chinese contemporary architecture satisfying both Chinese and western audiences. However, why does "Chinese classical garden" and not any the other types of antique architecture become the representative of Chinese architecture? This study investigates the conception of "Chinese classical garden" in the architectural history and theory writings of the 20th century. A further aim is to consider the ambitions of government and of the architects who invented the term "Chinese classical garden" as a "traditional architecture" during the revolution period of the 1950s.
Jingming Wu gained her master and bachelor degrees from Southeast University China and has been studying at the AA since 2012. She won the second prize in the Japanese 2nd NTT Docomo design competition and presented a paper at the 2nd East Asian Architectural Culture International Conference in singapore. Her research interests cover contemporary architectural design and antique history.


Objectives & Strategies
 1. To promote the positive growth and development of tennis in Barbados at all levels
 1. Increase knowledge of and exposure to the sport of tennis, at a reduced cost.
 2. Educate parents about the benefits and opportunities offered by involvement in the sport to assist in their ability to better contribute to the management of their children in the sport.
 3. Increase awareness of available infrastructure in Barbados
 4. Improve the use of the School Adoption Programme
 5. Improve the Junior Tennis Initiative (JTI) programme
 6. Develop a solid programme to support adult tennis.
 2. To facilitate the development of young players to world ranking
 1. Expand facilities
 2. Develop technical and physical strength of players
 3. Increase the percentage of girls who continue playing tennis in Barbados
 4. Encourage the continued advancement of the technical development of all coaches.
 5. Strengthen partnerships with all coaches who can assist in the identification of scholarship opportunities for our young players.
 6. Increase awareness and access to reputable tennis academies both regionally and internationally.
 3. To strengthen the Association's membership and to promote its active involvement in programmes and activities.
 1. Increase efficiency of membership administration
 2. Increase efficiency of Association administration.
 3. Re-establish the family culture of the National Tennis Centre.
 4. To enhance the image of the Association.
 1. Improve transparency, communication and overall governance.
 5. To be financially sustainable.
 1. Improve the planning efficiency of the Association to allow for better preparation by the various committees.
 2. Strengthen the sponsorship relationship by seeking to better understand the needs of the sponsor and to provide a report on juniors benefitting for the same.
 3. Grow the membership
 4. Improve the monitoring / management of and reporting by outsourced arrangements
 6. To participate actively in the international tennis and wider sporting communities.
 1. Create opportunities for participation in local, regional and international competitions.


text:
Water resources management at the University of Alicante for landscape irrigation from groundwater desalination
Tipus de documentComunicació de congrés
Condicions d'accésAccés obert
The southeastern part of the Iberian Peninsula is an area of water resources scarcity and important seasonal demand. Moreover, aquifers with low quality water for consumption due to salinity also exist precluding its further use. However, since the important concern of water shortage has been growing, possible exploitation of low quality groundwater has been taken into consideration. An example of sustainable use of the treated saline water developed by University of Alicante (UA) is presented, where pumped groundwater from the in campus existing aquifer is applied for landscape irrigation after RO desalination by the existing plant.
CitacióValdés, J. [et al.]. Water resources management at the University of Alicante for landscape irrigation from groundwater desalination. A: International Congress Smallwat. "International Congress Smallwat11. Wastewater in Small Communities". Sevilla: 2011.


facebook
Entity Framework Extensions Eval.Execute
Description
You can execute C# expression at runtime using the Eval-Expression.NET library.
You can download it here: Download
The Eval-Expression.NET library can be activated with the Entity Framework Extensions license.
You can specify parameter value to use in the expression in various way:
 - Anonymous Type
 - Argument Position
 - Class Member
 - Dictionary
Under the hood, the fist time an expression is executed, it's getting compiled and the delegate is stored in the memory before being returned and executed. All future calls from the same expression will retrieve the delegate from the memory to optimize the performance.
Even with this optimization, if you have to evaluate multiple times the same expression, by example in a for loop, we highly recommend you to use directly the delegate returning from the Compile method instead.
Execute and return a strongly typed result
You can return the result as a strongly typed type:
 - Eval.Execute<TResult>(string code)
 - Eval.Execute<TResult>(string code, object parameters)
 - Eval.Execute<TResult>(string code, params object[] parameters)
Example
// Parameter: Anonymous Type
int result = Eval.Execute<int>("X + Y", new { X = 1, Y = 2} );
// Parameter: Argument Position
int result = Eval.Execute<int>("{0} + {1}", 1, 2);
// Parameter: Class Member
dynamic expandoObject = new ExpandoObject();
expandoObject.X = 1;
expandoObject.Y = 2;
int result = Eval.Execute<int>("X + Y", expandoObject);
// Parameter: Dictionary Key
var values = new Dictionary<string, object>() { {"X", 1}, {"Y", 2} };
int result = Eval.Execute<int>("X + Y", values);
Try it online
Execute and return an object result
You can return the result as an object:
 - Eval.Execute(string code)
 - Eval.Execute(string code, object parameters)
 - Eval.Execute(string code, params object[] parameters)
// Parameter: Anonymous Type
object result = Eval.Execute("X + Y", new { X = 1, Y = 2} );
// Parameter: Argument Position
object result = Eval.Execute("{0} + {1}", 1, 2);
// Parameter: Class Member
dynamic expandoObject = new ExpandoObject();
expandoObject.X = 1;
expandoObject.Y = 2;
object result = Eval.Execute("X + Y", expandoObject);
// Parameter: Dictionary Key
var values = new Dictionary<string, object>() { {"X", 1}, {"Y", 2} };
object result = Eval.Execute("X + Y", values);
Try it online
Contents
Related


text:
Red GUI Architecture
VID stands for Visual Interface Dialect. It is a dialect of Red, providing the simplest possible way to specify graphic components with their properties, layouts and even event handlers. VID code is compiled at runtime to a tree of faces suitable for displaying.
The GUI code engine contains several parts:
Platform-independent faces management engine
Reactive actions events
Draw dialect interpreter
Reactive actions can be defined directly from VID dialect or can be specified directly using the REACT function.
Draw is a Red dialect for 2D vector drawing. It can be specified in different ways:
in VID layouts
directly in the
drawproperty of any face object
using the DRAW function to draw directly onto an image
An internal API allows multiple backends (OS/graphic system combinations) so that the View engine can be implemented in different environments. Each backend must be capable of extensive 2D drawing for complete support of Draw dialect.
The initial design of VID, Draw and most of View (except for the reactive parts) were created by Carl Sassenrath and implemented in Rebol. Red View is a completely new, independent implementation providing similar features with some desirable improvements. Reactive actions being a prime example.


System Administration Guide: Security Services
ProcedureHow to Add an Audit Class
When you create your own audit class, you can place into it just those audit events that you want to audit for your site. When you add the class on one system, you should copy the change to all systems that are being audited.
 1. Assume the Primary Administrator role, or become superuser.
 2. (Optional) Save a backup copy of the audit_class file.
 # cp /etc/security/audit_class /etc/security/audit_class.orig
 3. Add new entries to the audit_class file.
 Each entry has the following format:
 Identifies number as hexadecimal.
 Defines the unique audit class mask.
 Defines the letter name of the audit class.
 Defines the descriptive name of the audit class.
 The entry must be unique in the file. Do not use existing audit class masks.
Example 30–10 Creating a New Audit Class
This example creates a class to hold a small set of audit events. The added entry to the audit_class file is as follows:
0x10000000:pf:profile command
The entry creates a new audit class that is called pf. Example 30–11 populates the new audit class.
If you have customized the audit_class file, make sure that any modifications to audit_user are consistent with the new audit classes. Errors occur when the audit classes in audit_user are not a subset of the audit_class database.


Category Archives for Podcasts & video's
Negative intention, lecture Anna Timmermans
Negative intention, de jewel of Core Energetics
A lecture of Anna Timmermans about the Lower Self, given in Corona time. You can find the lecture when you klick here.
Podcast: Why I Listen
Why I Listen
Podcast: Why I Listen
Zelino Modesto, student from NICE, Dutch school for Core Energetic Therapists, made interesting podcasts. In Why I listen, he interviews different guests about the concept and qualities of listening. What happens in us when we truly listen and what makes us feel listened to. What is good listening? With the help of various guests connected to therapy, arts, teaching, communication, etc. he explores different perspectives and levels of listening. How do we listen deeply? How do we listen to ourselves and oters? Which part of us is listening in a given circumstance? With his guests he dives into the secrets of communication and relationship and gain more insight on this beautiful quality.
three podcasts are of most interest for us:
S1 E1 – Extraordinary Space with Nuno Salema
S1 E3 – I Sense You with Gees Boseker (of course!!! :))
S1 E10 – Inner Callings with José Abreu
Listen to the podcasts on Spotify.


Example: Enter the names of the places FROM Tver,Russia TO Bacau,Romania then press ENTER or DISTANCE button
What if they are more cities with similar names?
Exemplu: Tver,Russia
Directions. How to change route
distance between Tver,Russia - Bacau,Romania
Calculate-distance.com - condition to use:
However, it is posible some of the information (ie. city, calculate distance, route, distances, etc.) contained in this website to not be very precise.


text:
|THPML090||Optical Beam Loss Monitors Based on Fibres for the CLARA Phase 1 Beam-Line||4869|
Funding: Work supported by STFC Cockcroft Institute core Grant No. ST/G008248/1
Fibre based Optical Beam Loss Monitors (oBLMs) are on-line devices used in-situ to measure losses along a beam-line. The technology is based on the detection of Cherenkov radiation, produced inside quartz fibres placed alongside the beampipe, from the interaction of secondary showers generated from losses hitting the vacuum pipe. This contribution presents ongoing developments of an oBLM system installed along the Compact Linear Accelerator for Research and Applications (CLARA). The oBLM system consists of 4 channels which allows for sub-metre loss resolution with two dimensional coverage along the entirety of the beam line, as opposed to conventional localised BLM systems. The system was first commissioned to measure dark current from the injector. The ability of the system to locate longitudinal positions of known beam loss locations has also been measured and has shown excellent agreement. We present measurements acquired from the detector during regular operation and during dedicated beam tests. We also discuss the incorporation of the monitor into the accelerator diagnostics system and its use in assisting accelerator characterisation and performance.
|DOI •||reference for this paper ※ _URL_
|Export •||reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)|


World Braille Day: January 4
Every year, the World Braille Day is celebrated on January 4 by United Nations and several other international organizations. The day is celebrated to create awareness of the importance of Braille as a means of communication in the realization of human rights for the blind.
Why is World Braille Day celebrated on January 4?
It is celebrated on January 4 because the day marks the birthday of Louis Braille, the creator of this writing system. He was born in France in 1809.
When was the first World Braille Day celebrated?
What is Braille?
Braille is the representation of alphabetic and numerical symbols using six dots. The dots represent the letters and numbers and mathematical, musical and scientific symbols as well.
Who invented Braille?
Braille was invented by Louis Braille in the 19th century in France.
Braille Language in India
India adopted the uniform Braille codes for different languages in 1951. India established the first ever Braille plant called Central Braille Plant in Dehradun. In 1954, Central Braille press was established to manufacture Braille appliances. The press produces simple equipment such as Braille slate, stylus and arithmetic Braille slate.
What are the steps taken by GoI to support the people with disabilities?
The GoI enacted the Persons with Disabilities Act, 1995. The act provides special category called 'low vision' along with blind. Also, the act meets the stipulations of the United Nations Convention on Rights of Persons with Disabilities.
India accepted several United Nations resolutions on disabled people. This includes Observance of International Year of Disabled Persons in 1981, observance of UN Decade for the disabled 1983-92. India also observed Asia-Pacific Decade for the Disabled declared by ESCAP. ESCAP is Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific. It is a regional think-tank that provides analytical opinions on social, economic and environmental dynamics in the region.
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How to Fix Microsoft Word Document When it is not Responding?
The bug, Microsoft Word not responding most often doesn't occur due to the internal failure of the MS Office program. Instead, it can occur due to malware infection, third party plug-ins, using an MS Office program on a mapped network drive, which is currently offline, etc. Let us know in brief about the major causes of the non-responsive Word program.
 1. If the computer is connected to one or more mapped network shares that are currently offline.
 2. MS Word program may fail to respond when a mapped drive is connected across a Wide Area Network.
 3. When one or more mapped drives are present and the drives are in domains that are not trusted.
 4. If the drive is an inaccessible removable one.
Solutions to Fix Word Document that is not responding:
There are two possible ways by which one can fix unresponsive Word documents. Let us learn the two methods to fix the issue.
Method 1: Disconnecting the network drives
The first method to fix the issue is by disconnecting all the network drives that are having any one of the causes stated above. Follow these steps to disconnect the network drives.
Step 1: Right-click on My Computer, and then click Disconnect Network Drive.
Step 2: You will now get a Disconnect Network Drive dialog box, where you need to click the letter of the drive that you want to disconnect and then click OK.
Step 3: Repeat the first two steps until all the network drives are disconnected. Suppose you are not sure about a particular drive, then follow these steps:
 1. Click Start and then click Run.
 2. In the Open box, type the following and press ENTER
\\computer name\share name
Where computer name is the name of the server that is sharing the resource, and the share name is the name of the shared resource, which you want to use.
Method 2: Using Word File Repair Tool
If the first method fails to fix the issue, then the other option is to rely on some powerful third party repair tool. Word File Repair Tool is an excellent program to repair Word document file not responding effortlessly. This tool will repair.doc and.docx files that are created using Word 2000, 2003, 2007, 2010, 2013 and 2016 version of MS Word program. Moreover, the demo version of the Word File Repair Tool is available for free download. Just download and install it on your system. Then, follow these steps to fix not responding Word file.
Step 1: Launch the software and select the corrupt Word file by using "Browse" option.
Step 2: After selecting the Word file, click "Repair" button to start the repair process.
Step 3: Now, the software starts scanning the chosen file and fixes the issues.
Step 4: Once the software repairs the file, you will get a message saying that the File repaired successfully.
Step 5: The software then allows you to view the repaired file with its inbuilt "Preview" button.
Once you preview the repaired file, you can decide about the ability of the software. If you are satisfied with the tool, then activate its complete edition and repair the file with ease. After repairing the file, choose the path to save the repaired file by clicking "Save" button


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What is an Autocollimator? An autocollimator is an optical instrument that is used to measure small angles with very high sensitivity. As such, the autocollimator has a wide variety of applications including precision alignment, detection of angular movement, verification of angle standards, and angular monitoring over long periods. Principles of Operation The autocollimator projects a beam of collimated light. An external reflector reflects all or part of the beam back into the instrument where the beam is focused and detected by a photodetector. The autocollimator measures the deviation between the emitted beam and the reflected beam.
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Disadvantages of Autocollimators : Autocollimator -Principle, Types, Application, Advantages, Disadvantages Autocollimators are optical instruments that measure angular displacements with high sensitivity. They are used to align optical components and measure optical and mechanical deflections.
Autocollimation Principle : The two main principles used in an autocollimator are a the projection and the refraction of a parallel beam of light by a lens, and b the change in direction of a reflected angle on a plane reflecting surface with the change in angle of incidence.
Autocollimator — working Principle and Application To understand this, let us imagine a converging lens with a point source of light O at its principle focus, as shown in Figure a.
When a beam of light strikes a flat reflecting surface, a part of the beam is absorbed and the other part is reflected back. If the angle of incidence is zero, i. When the reflecting plane is tilted at a certain angle, the total angle through which the light is deflected is twice the angle through which the mirror is tilted.
Thus, alternately, if the incident rays are not at the right angle to the reflecting surface they can be brought to the focal plane of the light sources by tilting the reflecting plane at an angle half the angle of reflection as shown in Figure b.
The position of the final image does not depend upon the distance of the reflector from the lens. If, however, the reflector is moved too long, the reflected ray will then completely miss the lens and no image will be formed. The optical system of an autocollimator is shown in Figure The target wires are illuminated by the electric bulb and act as a source of light since it is not convenient to visualize the reflected image of a point and then to measure the displacement x precisely.
The image of the illuminated wire after being reflected from the surface being measured is formed in the same plane as the wire itself. The eyepiece system containing the micrometer microscope mechanism has a pair of setting lines that may be used to measure the displacement of the image by setting to the original cross lines and then moving over to those of the image. Thus, the angle of inclination of the reflecting surface per division of the micrometer scale can be directly read.
Autocollimators are quite accurate and can read up to 0. The longer the focal length of the visual autocollimator, the greater the angular resolution and the smaller the field of view 2 Digital Autocollimators — Autocollimators are PC-based instruments that are designed to operate in the lab as well as in a machine shop environment.
Use an electronic photodetector to detect the reflected beam. No external controller is required. Advantages: 1 High precision. Application Of Autocollimator : Autocollimators are used by the optical industry and mechanical engineers in a variety of applications.
Their specific functions include precision alignment, the detection of angular movement, the verification of angle standards, and angular monitoring over long periods. Testing Application Autocollimators can be used in the testing of parallelism with a collimator and telescope opaque wedges and plane-parallel plates transparent wedges the accuracy of rotary tables and index tables camera objectives These optical instruments are also used in the flatness testing of reflecting surfaces, the control of wedges and plane-parallel plates, and parallel measurement of cylindrical bores.
Measurement Applications In addition to testing applications, autocollimators can be used to measure the radius of concave and convex spherical surfaces back focal of lenses and optical systems centration error of spherical surfaces centration error of lenses in transmission parallelism or perpendicularity of two surfaces Additional applications include the radius measurement of concave and convex spherical surfaces relative measurement of the angular error of prisms pitch and yaw measurement of slides parallel setting of rolls Finally, autocollimators can be used to measure straightness, flatness, roll angle, and the squareness between a vertical angle and a machine bed.
Advantages of Autocollimators : Measure the Straightness and Flatness Used for higher accuracy measurement. To check squareness and parallelism. Easy to set up and operate. Used to align components.
Autocollimator -Principle, Types, Application, Advantages, Disadvantages
Electronic Autocollimator[ edit ] The electronic autocollimator is a high precision angle measurement instrument capable of measuring angular deviations with accuracy down to fractions of an arc-second, by electronic means only, with no optical eye-piece. EAC Measuring with an electronic autocollimator is fast, easy, accurate, and will frequently be the most cost effective procedure. Used extensively in workshops, tool rooms, inspection departments and quality control laboratories worldwide, these highly sensitive instruments will measure extremely small angular displacements, squareness, twist and parallelism. Laser Analyzing Autocollimator[ edit ] Today, a new technology allows to improve the Autocollimation instrument to allow direct measurements of incoming laser beams.
Shatilar The longer the focal length, the larger the linear displacement for a given tilt of the plane reflector. Applications are roughly divided into two fields — optical and mechanical engineering. The bore autocolkimator procedure is performed in two stages. Because the human eye acts as the photodetector, resolution will vary among operators. The plane reflector is one of the vital parts of an autocollimator, because a mirror that is not flat will defocus the return image, resulting in poor definition of the image.


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Using data to enhance our understanding of the urban environment and design fair and sustainable stormwater fees
The City of St. Petersburg is required to convey and treat stormwater runoff before it enters local bays and surface waters. To cover the costs of this requirement, the city charges user fees based on the amount of impervious surface found on properties. Single-family residential properties are charged a flat fee, while all others are charged a fee based on their unique amount of impervious area. As part of a recent utility rate study, the city expressed an interest in looking at the feasibility of a residential fee structure based on ranges or tiers of impervious area to better correlate to the volume of stormwater created by different residential properties.
That's where our team was engaged – our financial services group created an innovative, data-driven method to understand the impacts of implementing a tier-based rate structure. Specifically, the team captured the impervious area for about 1,300 residential properties, and ensured that the properties included in the sample were consistent with the residential property size distribution of the full city. The percentage of impervious area to parcel size from the sample was applied to all residential parcels to establish an estimated impervious area database for creating a tiered structure and evaluating customer impacts. We then utilized our FAMS application and a novel data visualization approach that allowed for on-the-fly changes to the rate structure and real time GIS feedback, including a map illustrating the location of residential parcels and bill impacts.
The ability to display complicated data into an approachable, visually-appealing way has helped the city engage their stakeholders and then garner buy-in to a very different fee schedule. In this case, data is priceless!
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Former Member
Feb 13, 2009 at 06:27 AM
SAP Web AS Connection erroe
iam created one system in ep when i test SAP web AS it is giving this error
Test Details:
The test consists of the following steps:
1. Checks the validity of system ID in the system object.
2. Checks if the system can be retrieved from the PCD.
3. Check whether a SAP system is defined in the system object
4. Validate the following parameters: WAS protocol; WAS host name
5. Checks if the host name of the server can be resolved.
6. Pings the server to see if it is alive.
7. Pings the WAS ping service; works only if the service is activated on the ABAP WAS.
8. Checks HTTP/S connectivity to the defined back-end application
1. The system ID is valid
2. The system was retrieved.
3. The system object represents an SAP system
4. The following parameters are valid: Web AS Protocol (http) Web AS Host Name (flag-projects:8000)
5. The host name flag-projects was resolved successfully.
6. The server flag-projects was pinged successfully.
7. The Web AS ping service http://flag-projects:8000/sap/bc/ping was pinged successfully.
8. An HTTP/S connection to http://flag-projects:8000/webdynpro/dispatcher/ was not obtained successfully; this might be due to a closed port on the Firewall.
can anybody help me on this pls


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Katunayake a town is situated on the west coast of the island of Sri Lanka close to the commercial capital of Colombo. It is the site of Bandaranaike International Airport, the primary international air gateway to Sri Lanka. With the change of government in 1977 and the introduction of the open economy policy a large area was allocated to create a free trade zone.(Currently known as the Export Promotion Zone.)This created a large amount of job opportunities for the local youth and has contributed substantially towards the countries economy.
Domestic aviation in Sri Lanka has suffered a somewhat patchy history, mainly due to the civil conflict, which at its height lead to the banning of all non-military flights. Since the ceasefire in 2002, however, the industry has taken wing once again. Most popular is the flight to Jaffna. Our travel correspondent reports on her experiences flying the carrier ExpoAir on her recent journalistic mission north.
Glancing at a map of Sri Lanka it seems like a small enough island, similar in size to Tasmania in Australia or Ireland. Small enough that travelling around should not take so much time. Those who live here or have travelled in Sri Lanka, know this couldn't be further from the truth. Jaffna, the northern most point of the island, is 396km from the capital, yet it can take up to 13 hours by road. Not surprisingly, many people choose to make use of the quicker option provided by airlines such as ExpoAir.
Bandaranaike International Airport (IATA: CMB, ICAO: VCBI) is Sri Lanka's only international airport. It is located in Katunayake, 35 km (22 mi) north of Colombo. It is administered by Airport and Aviation Services (Sri Lanka) Ltd. It is the hub of SriLankan Airlines, the national carrier of Sri Lanka.
The airport began as a Royal Air Force base during the Second World War, RAF Negombo. In 1957, when SWRD Bandaranaike removed all the British Military Bases from Sri Lanka (Ceylon), the base was handed over to the Royal Ceylon Air Force (RCyAF) and renamed Katunayake. Part of it still remains an Air Force base.
In 1964 Anil Moonesinghe, the Minister of Communications, commenced the building of a new international airport to replace Ratmalana, with Canadian aid. The new airport was completed in 1967, and Air Ceylon, the National Carrier, commenced international operations from it using a Hawker Siddeley Trident and a leased BOAC BAC VC-10. The airport was also a Trans World Airlines (TWA) hub for a short time.
It was named Bandaranaike International Airport (BIA), after SWRD Bandaranaike, in 1970. It was renamed Katunayake International Airport in 1977 but was changed back to Bandaranaike International Airport in 1995.
In recent years, various expansion projects have been undertaken at Bandaranaike International Airport. A pier with eight aero-bridges opened in November 2005, the first of its kind in Sri Lanka.
On May 7, 2007 the Sri Lankan Government decided to shift some major military aviation out of the space adjoining the airport to Hingurakgoda, paving the way to more civilian operations. The airport is undergoing resurfacing of its runway.
Alphabetical Listings of Hotels in Katunayake Airport
RECOMMENDED HOTELS WITH DISCOUNT
ALL RATES DISPLAYED ARE EXCLUSIVE OF TAXES AND SERVICE CHARGE


How many times have you been working around your house, or at a pal's place, and have to look for somewhere on the wall to hammer a nail to hang a picture. And just when you think you find the stud to hammer the nail – you wind up breaking a hole into the wall and making a mess. You may need to consider Walabot, among the first smart stud finders to hit the marketplace. Walabot Android 4.4
Walabot is manufactured by Vayyar Imaging, a 3D imaging sensor company that supplies customers with a method to see through objects, liquids and materials. The company decided to take advantage of its innovation to create Walabot and provide DIYers a chance to get a better view behind walls than the present stud finders you find on the market.
Walabot Android 4.4
Walabot Android 4.4
What Is Walabot? Walabot Android 4.4
The manual will teach you how to see through walls and translate the images you see. It is pretty comprehensive, so it would not be challenging to begin using the Walobot with a few minutes of its arrival. Walabot Android 4.4
What are other things can you do with a Walabot?
The Walabot can detect electrical wiring, pipes, and everything you would anticipate to discover behind your walls. Using the device, you can:
 - Look for leaks.
 - Look for structural damage.
 - Look for broken pipelines.
 - Detect rats and other creatures. The Walabot can detect motion behind walls, assisting you locate rodents and nests.
How does the Walabot DIY work?
Do not stress, calibrating the gadget is very simple and if you have actually utilized an analog stud finder before, you would find the process extremely similar.
The images it offers you are very accurate, and you would know if it's a pipe that the Walabot DIY is seeing or electrical wires, or anything else.
This is simply best for those who are considering renovating their houses, or those who love DIY tasks. This also is available in extremely helpful for those who have an interest in architecture and building and construction.
The DIY Model
The makers apparently thought in two unique classifications when developing this device. The DIY model is for the individual doing periodic repairs and little tasks around your house.
What does it offer? Walabot Android 4.4
These views work for both concrete and wood on this model.
Is good for preparing a project that includes the entire wall.
One feature allows you to take a picture of a location you are scanning, so you can put the image on a computer and look at it more precisely. This makes it much easier to sit at your desk and make plans while seeing the image.
This is a great basic device for property owners and other do-it-yourselfers. You will not miss the advanced features if you plan to do light duty repairs and redecorating around your home. It will definitely determine studs for you, so when you hang heavy pictures or mirrors, you will have a strong landing location for your screws or nails.
The Starter Version
It can't just spot things behind walls, it can find breathing. That's pretty unusual. This makes it beneficial for anybody who needs to keep track of an older individual they are taking care of. If you believe you might have sleep apnea, it could tell you how often you stop breathing in the night. Going from driving nails to watching breathing is a huge leap, however perhaps the maker believed, "Why not? We have the technology. May as well utilize it."
The unit functions as a movement detector too. Not only is this proper for bugs behind walls, but it is also great for monitoring spaces and patios where people or animals shouldn't be.
With this model, you have stepped up into some advanced| features, in addition to much better imaging than the DIY version. Remember that it has all the features of the DIY and they have enhanced sharpness and precision. With Starter, you have actually dipped your toe into the waters of professionalism.
The Creator
What makes this model different from the predecessors?
This model contains all the features of the Starter model although has much better spatial sensing. This is due to the fact that it can track in 3D, providing you a much fuller look at spaces and items. If you were sawing out a square of drywall or attempting to break through concrete in a certain spot, you would need to know much more than where studs are. It has fifteen antennas, suggesting it does not miss much.
This model puts you squarely in the professional ranks. It is more likely than the lower models to identify hard to see threats and items and to reveal them to your clearly.
The Developer
What is the most powerful unit? Walabot Android 4.4
You are going to see precisely what is behind walls, whether concrete or drywall. This imaging is much clearer than the other models, and the 3D abilities end the guesswork. It is not difficult to envision a pro utilizing this for a pricey task where errors are costly.
What you would love about Walabot DIY
Unlike other imaging devices that are currently available, the Walabot DIY is not large. You can get the capabilities of high end stud finders and imaging systems. You get 3D imaging conveniently and easily without having to pay top dollar for it.
Above that, it is really light and portable. With the magnet on the case, you can work the Walabot DIY gadget and your own smart device as one unit.
Everything about utilizing the Walabot DIY is extremely simple. You do not have to fret about electrical wiring, as you only have to link it to your mobile phone utilizing the included USB cable. All the settings and tweaks are done using the smart device. Calibrating the device is likewise made easy.
What's more, it doesn't use x-ray technology, which makes it very safe and you can use it without ionizing radiation.
Simply put, this is a portable and safe gadget that offers you excellent 3D images that you can utilize for your house renovation tasks or house improvement needs.
Pricing and Returns
If you are simply a property owner seeking to do light repairs on your house or simply wish to play around with brand-new devices for your home, the Walabot DIY begins at simply $79.99!
Not pleased with your Walabot or have a defective model?
Final thoughts about the Walabot Walabot Android 4.4
Walabot is a godsend to people who enjoy house renovations and those who like to play with their home decor. It can likewise help when you have rodents and pests living inside your walls. You can finally see what's behind your walls, even if you are not Superman and do not have his X-ray vision.
What do all of these help you with? Walabot Android 4.4
For one, you can utilize Walabot DIY to understand just how deep you can drill in order to avoid damaging the pipelines or cutting the wires behind your walls. You can likewise change and calibrate the sensing units' level of sensitivity to much better fit the imaging to your specific task.


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What is Three-Sigma Limits
Three-sigma limits (3-sigma limits) is a statistical calculation that refers to data within three standard deviations from a mean. In business applications, three-sigma refers to processes that operate efficiently and produce items of the highest quality.
Three-sigma limits are used to set the upper and lower control limits in statistical quality control charts. Control charts are used to establish limits for a manufacturing or business process that is in a state of statistical control.
BREAKING DOWN Three-Sigma Limits
Control charts are also known as Shewhart charts, named after Walter A. Shewhart, an American physicist, engineer and statistician (1891–1967). Control charts are based on the theory that even in perfectly designed processes, a certain amount of variability in output measurements is inherent. Control charts determine if there is controlled or uncontrolled variation in a process. Variations in process quality due to random causes are said to be in-control; out-of-control processes include both random and special causes of variation. Control charts are intended to determine the presence of special causes.
To measure variations, statisticians and analysts use a metric known as the standard deviation, also called sigma. Sigma is a statistical measurement of variability, showing how much variation exists from a statistical average. In other words, it measures how far an observed data deviates from the mean or average. Investors use standard deviation to gauge expected volatility — this is known as historical volatility. To understand this measurement, consider the normal bell curve which has a normal distribution. The farther to the right or left a data is recorded on the bell curve, the higher or lower, respectively, the data is than the mean. From another point of view, low values indicate that the data points fall close to the mean; high values indicate the data is widespread and not close to the average.
The term "three-sigma" points to three standard deviations. Shewhart set three standard deviation (3-sigma) limits as "a rational and economic guide to minimum economic loss." Three-sigma limits set a range for the process parameter at 0.27% control limits. Three-sigma control limits is used to check data from a process and if it is within statistical control. This is done by checking if data points are within three standard deviations from the mean. The Upper Control Limit (UCL) is set three sigma levels above the mean and the Lower Control Limit (LCL) is set at three sigma levels below mean. Since around 99.99% of a controlled process will take place within plus or minus three sigmas, the data from a process ought to approximate a general distribution around the mean and within the pre-defined limits. On a bell curve, data that lie above the average and beyond the three-sigma line represent less than one percent of all data points.
Calculating Three-Sigma Limit
Let's consider a manufacturing firm that runs a series of 10 tests to determine whether there is a variation in the quality of its products. The data points for the 10 tests are: 8.4, 8.5, 9.1, 9.3, 9.4, 9.5, 9.7, 9.7, 9.9, and 9.9.
First — Calculate the average of the observed data. (8.4 + 8.5 + 9.1 + 9.3 + 9.4 + 9.5 + 9.7 + 9.7 + 9.9 + 9.9) / 10 which equals 93.4 / 10 = 9.34.
Second — Calculate the variance of the set. Variance is the spread between data points and is calculated as the sum of the squares of the difference between each data point and the mean divided by the number of observations. The first difference square will be calculated as (8.4 – 9.34)2 = 0.8836, the second square of difference will be (8.5 – 9.34)2 = 0.7056, third can be calculated as (9.1 – 9.34)2 = 0.0576, and so on. The sum of the difference squares of all 10 data points is 2.564. The variance is, therefore, 2.564 / 10 = 0.2564.
Third — Calculate the standard deviation, which is simply the square root of the variance. So, standard deviation = √0.2564 = 0.5064.
Fourth — Calculate three-sigma, which is three standard deviations above the mean. In numerical format, this is (3 x 0.5064) + 9.34 = 10.9. Since none of the data is at such a high point, the manufacturing testing process has not yet reached three-sigma quality levels.


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PLIDAM is a research team whose area of research is a pluridisciplinary field that borders on applied linguistics as it relates to the dissemination, learning and teaching of languages and literature.
Its research sheds light on the process of globalization, the acceleration of European integration and French as a world language. Its activities are structured around six main themes:
- Language policies, multilingualism and representations;
- Language skills: construction and evaluation;
- Lexicon and translation: what didactics?;
- Literature and culture in language didactics;
- Designing educational tools in a multilingual perspective;
- SemioMed "Semiotics, multimedia corpus and uses".


, the concept of $n$ being meaningful only at the macroscopic level, $\nabla n$ is infinite. – Carl Witthoft Apr 26 at 20:11
Actually, $\nabla n$ could be effectvely very large but still finite. Anyway, I think all of this is very depend on the details of the interface. For instance, with your air-glass interface, a closer study would start with a comparison between the wavelength $\lambda$ and a characteristic scale of the interface $e$ (e.g. the RMS rugosity). If $\lambda<