text:
In this tutorial we use a PIR motion sensor to detect human presence. With a Python script on your Raspberry Pi, we monitor if motion is detected. When you have completed this tutorial, you will be able to connect the HC-SR501 sensor to your Pi via the GPIO pins. You'll also have the basic code to convert the output signal of the sensor to useable information in your Python script.
What you'll need for this tutorial
First, you need to have a Raspberry Pi 3 running on the latest version of Raspbian. This version includes "Thonny". We'll use this user-friendly IDE to write our Python code. If you're not familiar with Python or with Thonny or GPIO-pins, I suggest to have a look at our tutorials "First Python program on the Raspberry Pi" and/or "Raspberry Pi first program using GPIO" to have a quick introduction.
Next you'll need some extra hardware:
- a breadboard (we are using a 400 points breadboard)
- an HC-SR501 PIR motion sensor
- Dupont jumper wires
- a T-cobbler (optional)
- a 40 pin GPIO cable (optional)
If you miss any equipment, don't hesitate to visit our shop. We have a nice kit which contains all the things you need tot start.
The HC-SR501 PIR motion sensor
PIR stand for Passive Infrared Detection. The sensor measures variations of infrared light. As we all emits infrared light, the infrared variations will be detected by the sensor when we move in front of the sensor. When this happens, the sensor will set the output to high. As the high output signal is 3,3V, the output signal can be directly connected to a GPIO input pin of the Raspberry Pi.
The module can be configured as follows:
- Jumper set: The jumper is used to control the trigger mode. When the jumper cap is at the "L" position, the mode is set up as "unrepeated trigger mode", which means when the module is outputting an HIGH voltage because of human motion it will not be triggered again even if another human motion is detected. When the jumper cap is at the "H" position, the module is setup as "repeated trigger mode", which means the delaying time will be recalculated when a second human motion is detected during its delaying time.
- Sensitivity adjust: to adjust the detection range
- Time Delay Adjust
Some modules are not equipped with jumpers but have 3 contacts instead. In this case, you have to connect the middel contact with a soldering iron with either the "L contact" or the "H contact".
Setting up the hardware part
Before starting connecting wires on the GPIO pins of your Raspberry Pi, make sure you properly shut down the Pi and removed the power cable of the board!
- connect the 40 pin cable on the GPIO pins of your Pi (if necessary, remove the cover of your Pi first)
- plug the cobbler onto the breadboard as shown in the figure above or below
- plug the other end of the 40 pin cable in the T-cobbler
- connect the VCC pin of the sensor with a 5V pin (red wire)
- connect the OUTPUT pin of the sensor to pin 23 (yellow wire)
- connect the GND of the sensor to a GPIO GND pin (black cable)
Writing the code
The aim of this tutorial is to write a very simple Python script that allows us to visualize when motion is detected. To write the code, we use the Thonny IDE. You can find Thonny under the application menu of your Raspberry Pi.
Write or paste following code in the IDE:
import RPi.GPIO as GPIO
PIR_PIN = 23
print('Starting up the PIR Module (click on STOP to exit)')
Some explanations about the code:
GPIO.setmode (GPIO.BCM): The GPIO.BCM option means that we are referring to the pins by the "Broadcom SOC channel" number, these are the numbers after "GPIO"
GPIO.setwarnings (False): We use this line of code to avoid warning messages.
GPIO.setup(PIR_PIN,GPIO.IN): We define the PIR-pin (= 23) as an input pin
time.sleep(1)We wait for 1 second to settle the sensor
while True:is an infinitive loop (until we stop the program)
- Be careful, Python is whitespace-sensitive. Don't remove the "tab" before the code line after the while command.
if GPIO.input(PIR_PIN):if the PIR-pin is high (sensor has detected movement)
time.sleep(1)Waiting for 1 second before we start the loop again
When you are done with the code, click on the Run button. You will see a message on the screen when the sensor detects movement.
To stop the program just click on the STOP button.
Congratulations! With this setup you can integrate motion detection in your code. You can further use the script to process the result in an application where you want to monitor human presence. Have fun with it!


Stephen J. Schueler, M.D.
Overview
Altered Smell Sense and Dizziness 17 Causes
The freeMD virtual doctor has found 17 conditions that can cause Altered Smell Sense and Dizziness.
Mouse over to view each condition's most common symptoms
There are 5 common conditions that can cause Altered Smell Sense and Dizziness.
 1. Deviated Septum
 2. Diabetes
 3. Influenza
 4. Sinusitis
 5. Type 2 Diabetes
There are 4 somewhat common conditions that can cause Altered Smell Sense and Dizziness.
 1. Cocaine Abuse
 2. Drug Side Effect
 3. Head Injury
 4. Stroke
There are 3 uncommon conditions that can cause Altered Smell Sense and Dizziness.
 1. Multiple Sclerosis
 2. Pernicious Anemia
 3. Type 1 Diabetes
There are 5 rare conditions that can cause Altered Smell Sense and Dizziness.
 1. Astrocytoma
 2. Brain Tumor
 3. Glioblastoma Multiforme
 4. Meningioma
 5. Oligodendroglioma
Last Updated: Aug 25, 2010 References
Authors: Stephen J. Schueler, MD; John H. Beckett, MD; D. Scott Gettings, MD
Copyright DSHI Systems, Inc. Powered by: FreeMD - Your Virtual Doctor
References
 1. Ferri's Clinical Advisor, Fred F. Ferri - 2007
 2. Griffith's 5-Minute Clinical Consult, Mark Dambro - 2006
 3. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, Anthony S. Fauci, Eugene Braunwald, Dennis L. Kasper, Stephen L. Hauser, Dan L. Longo, J. Larry Jameson, Joseph Loscalzo - 2008
 4. Emergency medicine: a comprehensive study guide; Judith E. Tintinalli, Gabor D. Kelen, J. Stephan Stapczynski - 2004
 5. Nelson textbook of pediatrics, Robert Kliegman, Richard E. Behrman, Waldo Emerson Nelson - 2007
FreeMD is provided for information purposes only and should not be used as a substitute for evaluation and treatment by a physician. Please review our terms of use.


text:
Sustainable Smart Buildings
Tuesday 3rd October 2017, 8:30am – 12pm
Presenter: Jo Morgan
Location: SPECIFIC Active Classroom, Swansea University Bay Campus
Imagine a building that can think for itself, that can continuously adapt to changes in its environment to optimize its energy and water use.
In this short seminar, SPECIFIC's Building Integration Manager Joanna Morgan, will introduce the concept of buildings that co-exist with their environment. Jo will explore the idea of buildings that are energy positive - generating renewable energy for heat and power, conserving and recycling water.
Describing work being undertaken to develop a sustainable smart buildings concept, Jo will use case study examples of building demonstrators, as well as looking at some of the other projects with partners. Also included will be an overview of some of the current renewable technologies and the construction materials employed.
By the end of the session, attendees will have an understanding of the importance of smart buildings and how they fit into the wider sustainability agenda for the UK.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
Topics Map > ATLAS Applications > ATLAS Formbuilder
ATLAS FormBuilder - How to Delete a Form Response
This document shows how to delete a form response in the ATLAS Formbuilder App.
For a video tutorial, check out:
Step 1 – Go to your form Dashboard
Step 2 – Click 'Number Of Responses'
Step 3 – Click 'Details'
Step 4 – Click 'Delete Form Response'
Step 5 – Read the red text and follow directions to delete form response.
A Deleted Form Response will be erased completely. The response will no longer show in 'Number Of Responses' and cannot be retrieved.
- Edit Form Response Answers - ATLAS FormBuilder - How to Edit Form Response Answers
- Cancel registrations - ATLAS FormBuilder - How to Cancel a Registration

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
to ensure even browning and to prevent burning. Patience in this step is key.
- Aroma Indicator: The rich, nutty aroma is a sign that the besan is properly roasted. Watch for this fragrance as you stir.
4.2 Achieving the Right Texture:
- Ghee Matters: Use good-quality ghee for that distinctive taste and melt-in-the-mouth texture.
- Consistency is Key: Stir continuously when mixing the ghee and besan. This ensures a cohesive mixture that's easy to shape.
4.3 Balancing Sweetness:
- Measure Wisely: Be mindful when adding sugar. Start with less and gradually increase to achieve your desired level of sweetness.
4.4 Shaping with Finesse:
- Cooling Period: Allow the mixture to cool slightly before shaping the laddus. This prevents burning your hands and aids in shaping.
- Greasing Hands: Grease your palms lightly with ghee or oil to prevent sticking while shaping.
4.5 Garnishing Grace:
- Gentle Pressing: If adding garnishes like chopped nuts, gently press them onto the laddus to ensure they adhere.
- Artful Decor: Use saffron strands sparingly for an elegant touch of color on top.
4.6 Storing Wisdom:
- Airtight Guardians: Store your Besan Laddus in an airtight container to preserve their freshness and prevent moisture absorption.
- Room Temperature: Laddus can be stored at room temperature for several days. Ghee and sugar act as natural preservatives.
4.7 Experimenting with Flavors:
- Flavorful Additions: Get creative with flavorings. Try incorporating crushed nuts, cardamom, saffron, or even dried fruits to personalize your laddus.
4.8 Sharing the Love:
- Gift of Love: Besan Laddus make thoughtful gifts for special occasions. Share them with friends and family to spread sweetness and joy.
Remember, each batch of Besan Laddu you create is a reflection of your culinary prowess and a tribute to the rich heritage of Indian sweets. With these tips in mind, you're well-equipped to master the art of crafting laddus that not only tantalize the taste buds but also evoke a sense of tradition and connection. In the next section, we'll explore ways to create healthier versions of this beloved treat without compromising on taste.
Indulging in the rich flavors of Besan Laddu doesn't have to mean compromising your health-conscious choices. With a few simple adjustments, you can create Besan Laddus that are equally delicious and a bit more health-friendly. Here's how:
5.1 Choosing Better Ingredients:
- Whole Wheat Flour: Consider using whole wheat flour or a mix of chickpea flour and whole wheat flour to add fiber and nutrients to your laddus.
- Natural Sweeteners: Opt for natural sweeteners like jaggery or honey instead of refined sugar for a more wholesome sweetness.
5.2 Reducing Ghee:
- Moderation: While ghee adds richness, you can reduce the quantity to lower the fat content. Experiment with using a bit less ghee to find the right balance.
5.3 Nutty Crunch:
- Nut Varieties: Incorporate a variety of nuts like almonds, walnuts, and flaxseeds for added nutritional value and a delightful crunch.
5.4 Portion Control:
- Smaller Laddus: Create smaller-sized laddus to enjoy the flavor without overindulging. This also makes sharing easier during festive occasions.
5.5 Mindful Enjoyment:
- Savor Each Bite: Slow down and savor the flavors as you enjoy your laddu. Mindful eating allows you to appreciate every nuance.
5.6 Balanced Treat:
- Incorporate Protein: Add protein-rich ingredients like chia seeds or ground nuts to enhance the nutritional profile of your laddus.
5.7 Gluten-Free Options:
- Chickpea Flour Base: Stick to chickpea flour for a gluten-free alternative. Ensure all other ingredients are also gluten-free.
5.8 Subtle Flavors:
- Natural Flavors: Embrace the natural flavors of the ingredients by using less flavorings or avoiding artificial additives.
By making these simple adjustments, you can create Besan Laddus that align with your health goals while still capturing the essence of this beloved Indian sweet. The journey of crafting Besan Laddus becomes an exploration of mindful eating and culinary creativity, offering a delightful balance of tradition and well-being.
In the concluding section, we'll reflect on the significance of Besan Laddus in Indian culture and how they transcend their culinary role to become a symbol of joy, togetherness, and celebration.
Besan Laddu for Festivals:
Besan Laddu for Festivals:
Besan Laddus hold a special place in the heart of Indian festivals, where they transcend their role as delectable treats to become symbols of tradition, love, and celebration. Let's delve into the significance of Besan Laddus during festive occasions:
6.1 Diwali – The Festival of Lights:
- Symbol of Prosperity: During Diwali, the Festival of Lights, Besan Laddus are exchanged as tokens of good fortune and prosperity. Their golden hue mirrors the radiance of the oil lamps that illuminate homes.
6.2 Bonding and Sharing:
- Gesture of Affection: Sharing Besan Laddus with family, friends, and neighbors strengthens bonds and spreads joy during festive gatherings.
- Gifting Delight: Gifting a box of homemade Besan Laddus is a heartfelt gesture that shows you care.
6.3 Ritual and Tradition:
- Offerings to Deities: Besan Laddus are often offered to deities during prayers and rituals, symbolizing devotion and gratitude.
6.4 Culinary Heritage:
- Passing Down Traditions: The art of making Besan Laddus is often passed down through generations, preserving culinary heritage and creating connections between family members.
6.5 Nostalgia and Memories:
- Reminiscing Childhood: Besan Laddus evoke memories of childhood, of festive excitement, and the joy of indulging in homemade treats.
6.6 A Culmination of Flavors and Emotions:
- Unity of Flavors: Just as festivals bring people together, Besan Laddus unite flavors in a harmonious blend that mirrors the unity of celebrations.
- Emotional Significance: Beyond taste, Besan Laddus carry an emotional significance that transcends their ingredients.
As you prepare and enjoy Besan Laddus during festivals, remember that you're not just crafting a dessert; you're nurturing tradition, embracing culture, and fostering connections. Through the art of creating and sharing Besan Laddus, you're weaving a tapestry of love and celebration that resonates through time and generations.


text:
What is a delegate?
Delegates play an important role in Utah's political system. Here are some commonly asked questions about delegates.
What is a delegate? What does a delegate do?
A delegate is someone from your precinct (neighborhood) whom you elect to represent your precinct at your party's convention. Delegates are important because they elect candidates for your political party's primary (and in some cases general) election.
What is a precinct caucus?
A precinct caucus is a neighborhood meeting where you and your neighbors of the same party affiliation get together and elect delegates and precinct officers.
These meetings happen once every two years on even-numbered years. This year, precinct caucuses will be held on Tuesday, March 13, at 7 p.m. for Democrats and Thursday, March 15, at 7 p.m. for Republicans.
Why become a delegate?
In Utah, delegates have a lot of sway politically. As a delegate you are one of 4,000 or fewer people (in some races as few as 80) who decide who will be your party's nominee in this year's elections.
If a candidate gets 60 percent or more of the delegate vote at convention, he or she is the party's nominee in the general election. If no one receives 60 percent of the vote, the two candidates with the highest number of votes go on to a primary election.
Who can be a delegate?
In order to be a delegate you must
- Be a U.S. citizen
- Be 18 years old or older by the date of the general election (Nov. 6 for this year)
- Live in the precinct you represent
If you are running for a Republican delegate position, you must be a registered Republican. If you have not already registered as a party member, you can do so at the precinct caucus.
What's the difference between a state and a county delegate?
There are two kinds of delegates: county delegates and state delegates. County delegates select nominees for county offices and also for legislative offices in districts that are entirely contained within that county. They also attend to county party business.
State delegates select nominees for federal and statewide offices and for legislative seats whose districts are in multiple counties. They also attend to state party business.
If I'm elected a delegate, what will I have to do?
Delegates serve two-year terms. Each year you are asked to attend one convention (your party's county convention if you are a county delegate, or your party's state convention if you are a state delegate).
In the first year of your term, you will attend the state or county nominating convention where you will select party nominees for the primary or general election. In preparation for this convention you will need to meet with the candidates (don't worry, they will seek you out) and decide who will best represent you, your neighborhood precinct and your values.
In the second year of your term you will attend the state or county organizing convention. In this convention, you will elect party officials, discuss the party platform and conduct other party business.
Each of these conventions lasts several hours and is either held on a weekday evening or Saturday morning. Be sure that you will be available to attend these conventions if you want to be a delegate. You will not be able to vote if you do not attend the convention.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Product Information
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SKU: 9781570034060
London Booksellers and American Customers
The basis for the research presented here is the letter book of the Charleston Library Society containing both sides of the correspondence involved in ordering books from London in the 18th and early 19th centuries. The result is a fascinating history, supported throughout by excerpts from the letters, chronicling the mishaps of shipping overseas, the various types of books ordered, the details of financing, the 18th-century scientific community, and a detailed discussion of the Charleston Library Society. Raven teaches social and cultural history at Oxford U., UK. Annotation c. Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)
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Materials Chemistry and Physics, Vol.163, 562-568, 2015
T14CdI6 - Wide band gap semiconductor: First principles modelling of the structural, electronic, optical and elastic properties
A novel infrared optoelectronic material Tl4CdI6 was studied using the density functional theory (DFT)-based techniques. Its structural, electronic, optical and elastic properties were all calculated in the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) with the Perdew Burke Emzerhof (PBE) and the local density approximation (LDA) with the Ceperley-Alder Perdew-Zunger (CA PZ) functionals. The studied material is a direct band gap semiconductor with the calculated band gaps of 2.043 eV (GGA) and 1.627 eV (LDA). The wavelength dependence of the refractive index was fitted to the Sellmeier equation in the spectral range from 400 to 2000 nm. Good agreement between the GGA-calculated values of refractive index and experimental data was achieved. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first consistent theoretical description of the title compound, which includes calculations and analysis of the structural, electronic, optical and elastic properties. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.


Custom Objects within an Array explanation
This topic contains 2 replies, has 3 voices, and was last updated by Rob Simmers 8 months ago.
 - Author
 Posts
 - #64653
 Brian Clanton
 Participant
 I read this article in Powershell online magazine and I am having a hard time getting my mind wrapped around it as to what it means.
 It gives the following example code:
 $groups = 'Group1', 'Group2'
 $users = 'User1', 'User2'

 $objectCollection=@()

 $object = New-Object PSObject
 Add-Member -InputObject $object -MemberType NoteProperty -Name Group -Value ""
 Add-Member -InputObject $object -MemberType NoteProperty -Name User -Value ""

 $groups | ForEach-Object {
 $groupCurrent = $_

 $users | ForEach-Object {
 $userCurrent = $_
 $object.Group = $groupCurrent
 $object.User = $userCurrent

 $objectCollection += $object
 }
 }

 $objectCollection

 It shows the output as this:
 Group User
 ----- ----
 Group2 User2
 Group2 User2
 Group2 User2
 Group2 User2

 It then explains why we are getting this output. The is the paragraph I am having a problem understanding as well as the link to the article.
 We assign the information to the object and add it to the collection, but we still use the same object. When we added it to the collection we added just a 'reference' to the object, not the object itself. What we ended up with was just four 'shortcuts' to the same object.

 From

 I don't understand they mean by 'reference to the object and not the object itself. When you are using the using the statement,
 $object.Group = $groupCurrent and $object.User = $userCurrent, are you not adding those values to that object? I don't understand what they mean by 'reference'.
 - #64771
 Don Jones
 Keymaster
 This gets into some fairly esoteric programming concepts, specifically, ByValue and ByReference.
 When you assign something ByValue, you're passing the _contents of whatever it is_. So if I have $a=4, and I set $b=$a ByValue, I can then set $a=5 but $b will still be 4.
 Conversely, setting something ByReference just passes a _reference_ to, basically, the same memory location. So if $a=4 and I set $b=$a, changing $a=5 will also set $b to 5, because $a and $b are really both pointers to the same memory location.
 Add-Member works that way with its -InputObject parameter. It doesn't create a new object having whatever properties you added; it adds the property to the original copy, so whatever variable was referencing that copy ($object in this case) will now reference the updated object.
 - #64803
 Rob Simmers
 Participant
 As a side note, that is an old example of creating an object in Powershell and the results that you posted are incorrect (not the intention of the code or example, I'm guessing). This should be much easier to implement and read:
 $groups = 'Group1', 'Group2'
 $users = 'User1', 'User2'

 #Collect all results from the for loops and place them in $objectCollection
 $objectCollection = foreach ($group in $groups) {

 foreach ($user in $users) {
 New-Object -TypeName PSObject -Property @{
 Group = $group
 User = $user
 }
 }
 }

 $objectCollection

 Output:
 User Group
 ---- -----
 User1 Group1
 User2 Group1
 User1 Group2
 User2 Group2

You must be logged in to reply to this topic.


text:
The study concerns the hydrogeology of the Verzegnis group Mt. (Western Carnian Prealps). To define the hydrogeological characteristics of the lithology and the water drainage conditions, geological surveys were conduct also in caves. In the studied area 26 springs were identified. The most important of which were investigated for a two years period (2003 – 2004). Water temperature, water conductivity and discharge measures were monthly performed. To determine hydrochemical characteristics, δ18O and radon concentration, water samples were monthly collected. δ18O values were measured also on precipitations collected during the monitored period in three collection sites. The data obtained permitted to have a preliminary characterization of drainage networks relative to the most important springs fed by Verzegnis Mt. hydrostructure.
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Eilenberg and Mac Lane showed that given a group $G$ there exists a pointed topological space $X_G$ such that $\pi(X_G,\bullet)\cong G$. It is obviously a way to "invert direction" to the functor $\pi_1\colon \mathbf{Top}^\bullet\to \mathbf{Grp}$ to a functor $\mathcal K\colon \mathbf{Grp}\to \mathbf{Top}^\bullet$ such that $\pi_1(\mathcal K(G),\bullet)\cong G$ (almost by definition). This is equivalent to say that there exists a natural transformation (equivalence, in this case) between $\pi_1\circ\mathcal K$ and $\mathbf{1}_{\mathbf{Grp}}$, which turns out to resemble some sort of counity.
It would be wonderful if I could define an adjunction between the two categories in exam, given by the two functors. Everytime I try to think about some sort of unity to this hypotetical adjunction I poorly fail: considering the vast literature in the field of algebraic topology, I believe in only two possible cases. The first, nothing interesting arises from this adjunction. The second, there is no sort of adjunction.
The key point, quite trivial, to answer is: it is well known that an adjunction is uniquely determined by one among unity and counity, provided the one is universal. But $\boldsymbol\varepsilon\colon \pi_1\circ\mathcal K\to \mathbf{1}_{\mathbf{Grp}}$ is an equivalence: can I conclude that it is universal?
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2 Answers 2
up vote 11 down vote accepted
In the more general setting the answer is no. Left adjoints preserve colimits and it is not true that $\pi_{1}(X\vee Y)\cong \pi_{1}(X)\ast\pi_{1}(Y)$ for all spaces $X,Y$ (even compact metric spaces). For instance, if $(\mathbb{HE},x)$ is the usual Hawaiian earring, let $X=Y=C\mathbb{HE}=\mathbb{HE}\times I/\mathbb{HE}\times\{1\}$ be the cone on the Hawaiian earring with basepoint the image of $(x,0)$ in the quotient. It is a theorem of Griffiths that $\pi_{1}(C\mathbb{HE}\vee C\mathbb{HE})$ is uncountable and not the free product of trivial groups.
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Clear, clear. Thanks. :) – tetrapharmakon Nov 9 '10 at 0:05
Let $\mathcal{C}$ be the homotopy category of connected pointed CW complexes. Then the functor $\pi_1:\mathcal{C}\to\mathbf{Grp}$ does indeed have a right adjoint. The cleanest way to define it is to use the simplicial classifying space functor $B:\mathbf{Grp}\to\mathcal{C}$. For the unit of the adjunction you need a natural homotopy class of maps $X\to B(\pi_1(X))$. This can be done by obstruction theory, by induction up the skeleta of $X$. Alternatively, one can define a more canonical map from $|SX|$ (the geometric realisation of the singular complex) to $B(\pi_1(X))$ by simplicial methods, and then use the fact that there is a natural map $|SX|\to X$ which is a homotopy equivalence when $X\in\mathcal{C}$. The first place I would look for more details would be Peter May's old book on simplicial objects in algebraic topology.
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Goerss-Jardine is probably going to be more useful than Peter May's book, which is really outdated. – Harry Gindi Nov 8 '10 at 21:21
That copy of the book is copyright-infringing (not that I care), and it's probably better if you can avoid posting it on MO. – Harry Gindi Nov 9 '10 at 0:58
Your Answer


text:
Thoughts on native mobile development on Microsoft platforms
Monday, October 26, 2009
HOWTO: Implement a text ticker
Here's the answer to yet another question asked on the Windows Mobile Developer Center Forums: How to implement a text ticker. The request implied for a flicker-free implementation, so a memory bitmap is required. This bitmap is generated whenever the screen changes size (CTextTickerView::OnSize) or when the text itself changes (CTextTickerView::SetTickerText). To calculate the text size when printed with the given font, a call is made to CDC::GetTextExtent which returns both the height and the width of the text in pixels. The off-screen is then created using the screen width and the text height plus a few padding pixels (CTextTickerView::ResizeBitmap).
Scrolling of the ticker is achieved through a timer that shifts the ticker printing position every 100 ms. The ticker is painted by invalidating its own rectangle and the whole painting process is performed on CTextTickerView::OnPaint. Note how the ticker text gets painted a second time tailing the first instance in order to give a continuous feel. Also note how the x offset is incremented by the timer handler. Go and have a look at the code!


text:
Applying feature subset selection (FSS) methods on input data greatly reduces the dimensionality of a problem, thus making it manageable by machine learning methods. It helps already functioning learning systems to be faster and more accurate. It can also be used to discover the relationship between a large number of variables, and to use this knowledge to construct better models.
Approaching FSS by finding a Markov blanket guarantees that the excluded variables are unnecessary given the selected ones. Moreover, if we could find a Markov boundary, that would make the set of selected features minimal.
This Thesis investigates algorithms that can learn a Markov blanket or a Markov boundary from data. We examine them in detail, acknowledge their limits, and propose improvements to them.
We test these algorithms and their modified versions on a set of real data, and a set of artificial data in order to compare them. Based on this we evaluate them and make suggestions for further improvements.


14 Fun Facts About Lovebirds
Number one: Lovebirds mate for life
(Courtesy of Flickr user HKmPUA)
It's Valentine's Day. Love is in the air (for some, at least). Humans around the globe will express their love today through chocolate, greeting cards, and a cacophony of stuffed animals.
In the animal kingdom, though, relationships don't often fit with conventional human ideas of love. Female preying mantises feast on their male lovers after sex; red-sided garter snakes mate with multiple partners simultaneously. For most organisms, mating is purely a reproductive strategy to pass on their genetic material to their progeny; in the case of many species, such as voles, even monogamy comes with an evolutionary advantage.
But no animal represents the sentiment of Valentine's Day more than the lovebird. The petite, brightly plumed parrot is a favorite among bird enthusiasts and a popular pet. Lovebirds have inspired scientists and poets alike. Without further ado. here are 14 fun facts about lovebirds.
1. Lovebirds mate for life.
The monogamous birds reach sexual maturity when they're about ten months old. Mating begins with courtship behavior, and can continue throughout their roughly 15-year lifespans. Monogamy is essential to the social stability of flocks and underlies much of their social behavior.
2. Lovebirds pine for each other.
If a mate dies or gets separated from the flock, its companion exhibits erratic behavior that some have likened to depression. Birds kept as pets often don't like being alone and will exhibit similar behavior in captivity.
3. Like overly affectionate couples in restaurants on Valentine's Day, lovebirds feed each other.
Often after a long separation or stressful period of time, breeding pairs of lovebirds feed each other to re-establish their bond. One bird transfers food to the mouth of its mate, a feeding technique reminiscent of affection in humans—hence the inspiration for the parrots' name.
4. There's more than one species of lovebird.
The nine species classified as lovebirds come all from the genus Agapornis. Most lovebirds have a green body and sport different head feather coloration. Their closest relatives are hanging parrots, found in Asia.
5. Lovebirds are from Africa.
Lovebirds are native to the forests and savannas of Sub-Saharan Africa and Madagascar. Fossils of ancient lovebird species have been unearthed in South Africa, dating to as far back as 1.9 million years ago
6. But you might see a lovebird at your backyard birdfeeder.
That's if you live in the American southwest, San Francisco or cities in Africa. These areas are home to feral populations, flocks that likely either escaped from an aviary or are the remnants of an abandoned aviary.
7. Lovebirds live in holes.
Lovebirds are cavity dwellers they make their home in holes in trees, rocks or shrubs in the wild. Some species nest in groups, while others pair off to build their nests away from the flock. In urban settings, they might rely on anything from a tree to a crevice in a building. Peach-faced lovebirds in Phoenix, Arizona, often make their homes in cacti.
Lovebirds cactus
Peach-faced lovebirds nest in a cactus. (Courtesy of Wikimedia Commons/Kabunosekai)
8. Different lovebird species build their nests in different ways.
Fisher's lovebirds (Agapornis fischeri) carry single strips of tree bark in their beaks. Peach-faced lovebirds (Agapornis roseicollis), on the other hand, hide bark in their feathers. Scientists believe that the latter's more complex behavior is an ancestral trait, and have used this facet of lovebird nest-building as an example of the intersection of evolved and learned behavior.
9. Some lovebirds are androgynous.
In three species of lovebirds, the males and females have defining characteristics that allow you to tell them apart. For example, among Black-winged lovebirds (Agapornis taranta), males have a crown of red feathers, while females have entirely green plumage. But other species don't have the same degree of sexual dimorphism, making it difficult to determine their sex just from looking at them. In some species, males may be slightly larger than females, but a DNA test is necessary to provide conclusive results.
10. Lovebirds don't eat chocolate.
It might seem like common sense, but save your chocolate and give it to a human. Lovebirds survive on a healthy diet of seeds, berries, fruit, and occassionally insect larva in the wild. In Africa, they're also known as crafty crop pests, as they feast on millet and maize farms.
11. Lovebirds can be mean.
Aggression isn't uncommon in lovebirds. The parrots are territorial, and are known to get along poorly with birds of another species. Within their own kind, lovebirds can also become jealous or hormonal during mating season. In captivity, they've been known to attach both other bird species and other lovebirds, with peach-faced lovebirds the most notorious for aggressive behavior.
12. Lovebirds can carry zoonotic diseases that infect humans.
Some studies suggest that lovebirds can carry yeast bacteria (Cryptococcus neoformans) capable of infecting humans, but they only pick up the bacterial spores if they come into contact with pigeon feces. Other reports find evidence of a parasite called Encephalitozoon hellem in Fishers, peach-faced, and masked lovebirds. The researchers hypothsize that the parasites can spread to humans with compromised immune systems, such as AIDS patients.
13. Some lovebirds might become endangered in the next decade.
The black-cheeked lovebird (Agapornis nigrigenis), native to Zambia and found in parts of Zimbabwe and Botswana, is classified as vulnerable by the IUCN Red Listing of Threatened Species. The biggest problem is drought (possibly driven by long-term climate change), which is drying up regional water sources that flocks rely on. The latest survey puts the black-cheeked lovebird population at around 10,000 birds in total.
14. Lovebirds (sort of) inspired Valentine's Day.
Scholars typically cite a poem by Geoffrey Chaucer as the first evidence of the connection between the religious celebration of Saint Valentine's day and romantic love. The poem, "Parliament of Foules," happens to feature two birds which exhibit all the markings of human love.
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News and Events
More than 3,000 new homes, a new primary school and town plaza in Sydney's North West have been given the green light today, with the NSW Government approving the concept plans for Ivanhoe Estate.
The NSW Government is seeking community feedback on plans to expand employment land, protect the environment and improve public space near Penrith Lakes.
The NSW planning system will keep moving throughout COVID-19 to keep people in jobs and the economy moving, with all public hearings and meetings to be held online during the pandemic.
Water compliance is increasing in NSW, thanks to the actions of the Natural Resources Access Regulator (NRAR) who this week marked its second anniversary, and tripled prosecution for water theft and lack of compliance earlier this month.
Community Housing Providers (CHPs) will have greater contractual certainty, to enhance the delivery of social housing outcomes, through a new initiative by the NSW Government.
The first of four planned high-flow environmental water releases during winter and spring to the Snowy River are set to commence in late June, NSW Department of Planning, Industry and Environment Acting Director Water Planning Implementation, Allan Raine, said today.
Thousands of new homes, new industrial complexes and six schools are among the first wave of projects that will have their assessments fast-tracked to boost the State's economy and create opportunities for thousands of new jobs in response to the COVID-19 crisis.
The NSW Department of Planning, Industry and Environment today announced temporary water restrictions for unregulated river water access licence holders authorised to extract water from parts of Buccaneit and Cunninyuek creeks within the Murray below Mulwala water source.
Communities in Sydney's inner west will benefit from new and improved public spaces, thanks to $20 million in funding from the NSW Government's Parramatta Road Urban Amenity Improvement Program.
Two landholders from the Walgett area will face 14 charges in the Land and Environment Court for breaches of water laws in 2016 and 2017.


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|Type of record:||Monument|
|Name:||Pre-1938 Road at Polnish|
|Feedback:||If you have any comments or new information about this record, please email us.|
A road bridge at this location comprised part of the pre-1938 road to Mallaig.
|Grid Reference:||NM 74240 83600|
|Civil Parish:||ARISAIG AND MOIDART|
- ROAD (Post Medieval - 1560 AD to 1900 AD)
- Historic Environment Record: MHG27053
- NMRS NUMLINK Reference: 135987
- NMRS Record Details: NM78SW18 POLNISH
- Old SMR Reference Number: NM78SW0021
Created automatically by NMRS Register Utility
User: Admin, Date: Fri 10 Mar 2000
NM78SW 18 7424 8360
NM 752 828 to NM 729 841 During December 1995 and September 1996, a programme of evaluation and excavation was carried out in advance of the proposed widening and realignment of the A830 between Polnish Chapel and the Loch Nan Uamh viaduct.
The characteristic steep slopes and rocky terrain meant that the potential for site identification was limited. However, several features were identified during the evaluation, in two cases confirming identifications made during the desk-based study.
Sixteen trenches were excavated, all located at the W end of the road corridor in an area comprising arable flood plain (NM 7317 8410). The only feature located within the trial trenches was a large scooped feature, possibly an old stream course.
The following site was located and recorded by fieldwalking and palaeoenvironmental assessment elsewhere within the road corridor:
6 NM 7424 8360 Bridge and road.
The road bridge (site 6) lay 110m directly SE of Polnish House and comprised part of the pre-1938 road to Mallaig. Limited excavation revealed that the bridge measures c 33 x 5.1m by 1.2m high. The bridge was constructed from large, roughly dressed and unmortared stones of varying size incorporating a small culvert. The tarmac surface of the road survives in places.
A Data Structure Report has been produced for the evaluation phase of the work, and a Data Structure Report for the excavations is in preparation.
Sponsor: The National Roads Directorate of The Scottish Office Development Department, managed on their behalf by Historic Scotland
A Rees 1996 <1>
Sources and further reading
|<1>||Text/Publication/Article: Rees, A. 1996. 'Polnish Chapel to Loch Nan Uamh Viaduct (Arisaig and Moidart parish), archaeological evaluation and excavation', Discovery and Excavation in Scotland 1996, p.58-59. Discovery and Excavation in Scotland. 58-59. 58-璘鰒璘䓐|
Related Monument/Building records
|MHG45664||Parent of: Polnish Bridge (Monument)|
Related Investigations - none
Related documents/files/web pages


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The Shoestring is an independent news publication that produces community journalism in western Massachusetts.
The Shoestring welcomes story pitches that adhere to these guidelines. Please get in touch.
- 250 words or less
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Once you've contacted us, an editor will be in touch within a week. All submissions meeting the above criteria welcome, but pitches featuring themes of food/environmental justice, housing rights, organizing with and by societally marginalized groups or featuring deep dives into local history will be extra welcome.


EENI Global Business School
Business in Indonesia, Jakarta
Syllabus of the Subject: Foreign Trade and Business in Indonesia - Jakarta
 1. Introduction to the Republic of Indonesia (Southeast Asia)
 2. Indonesian Economy
 1. Indonesian Petrol and Gas
 2. Indonesian industrial states
 3. Infrastructure facilities in Indonesia
 4. Indonesian Banking sector
 3. Indonesian International Trade (Import, Export)
 1. Sabang Freeport zone
 4. Doing Business in Jakarta
 5. Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in Indonesia
 6. Case Study:
 1. Telkom Group
 2. PT Panggung Electric Citrabuana
 7. Indonesian Muslim Businesspeople
 1. Sandiaga Salahuddin Uno
 2. Abdul Latief
 3. Aburizal Bakrie
 4. Basrizal Koto
 5. I.R. Ciputra
 8. Access to the Indonesian Market
 9. Business Plan for Indonesia
The purposes of the Subject "Foreign Trade and Business in the Republic of Indonesia" are the following:
 1. To analyse the Indonesian Economy and Foreign Trade (Import, Export, FDI)
 2. To know the business opportunities in the Republic of Indonesia
 3. To explore the Indonesian trade relations with the country of the student
 4. To know the Indonesian Free Trade Agreements (FTA)
 5. To examine the profile of Indonesian businesspeople and companies
 6. To develop a business plan for the Indonesian Market
The Subject "Foreign Trade and Business in Indonesiabelongs to the following Online Higher Education Programs taught by EENI Global Business School:
 1. Doctorates: Islamic Business, Asian Business, World Trade
 2. Diploma: Business in the ASEAN Markets
 3. Masters: Business in Asia, Muslim Countries, International Business, Foreign Trade
Online Students, Master in International Business and Foreign Trade
EENI Online Masters and Doctorates in Global Business adapted to the Indonesia, Master, International Business, Foreign Trade Indonesian Students
Learning materials in Courses, Masters, Doctorates in International Business in English (Study Master Doctorate Business in Spanish Indonesia Study, Master in International Business in French Indonesie)
 1. Credits of the Subject "Foreign Trade and Business in Indonesia": 3 ECTS Credits
 2. Duration: three weeks
EENI Global Business School in Bahasa Indonesia: Master Bisnis Internasional
Sample of the Subject - Doing Business in Indonesia
Sandiaga Salahuddin Uno Indonesian Businessman (Course Master)
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Description of the Subject: Business in Indonesia
Transport Corridors
 1. Access to the Nanning-Singapore Economic Corridor
 1. Pan-Beibu Gulf Economic Zone
 2. Access to the East-West Economic Corridor (Myanmar-Thailand-Laos-Vietnam)
Indonesian Market Access and Trade Agreements
 1. Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)
 1. ASEAN Free-Trade Area (AFTA)
 2. East ASEAN Growth Area
 3. Free Trade Agreements (ASEAN member): Australia-New Zealand, Canada, the People's Republic of China, India, Japan, Korea, Russia, the United States, European Union, and Pakistan
 4. European Union-Indonesia Partnership and Cooperation Agreement
 5. Indonesia-Malaysia-Thailand Growth Triangle (IMT-GT)
 2. Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)
 3. India-Indonesia Economic Cooperation Agreement
 4. Trade Preferential System of the OIC
 5. Islamic Centre for Development of Trade (ICDT)
 6. Indian-Ocean Rim Association (IORA)
Trade Facilitation Programs
 1. World Trade Organisation (WTO)
 2. Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT Agreement)
 3. Agreement on Preshipment Inspection
 4. Agreement on Safeguards (SG)
 5. Trade Facilitation Agreement (TFA)
 2. World Customs Organisation (WCO)
 1. Revised Kyoto Convention
 3. Convention Relating to Temporary Admission (Istanbul Convention)
 4. International Maritime Organisation (IMO)
 1. Customs Convention on Containers (CCC)
The Republic of Indonesia:
 2. Total population of Indonesia: 255 million people
 3. The main Indonesian ethnic group are Javanese (42% of the Indonesian population)
 4. Indonesian Diaspora: 8 million of Indonesians
 5. Indonesian Capital: Jakarta (10 million people)
 6. 30 million people live on the island of Java, the most populous island of the World
 7. Indonesian land borders: Papua New Guinea, East Timor, and Malaysia
 9. Bahasa Indonesia (Malay) is the correct term for Indonesian language (Official language)
 1. Other Indonesian Languages are Javanese (84% of the Indonesian population) and Sundanese (34%)
 2. More than 700 regional languages
 10. Type of Government of Indonesia: Unitary Presidential constitutional Republic
 11. Area of Indonesia: 1,904,569 square kilometres
 12. Indonesian independence: 1949 (The Netherlands)
Pan-Beibu Gulf Economic Zone, China, ASEAN, Brunei Philippines Indonesia
 1. Fiqh (Islamic Jurisprudence): Shafi
 2. The Indonesian Constitution implements freedom of religion
 3. Other religions in Indonesia:
 1. Hinduism (3 million)
 2. Christians (20 million)
 3. Buddhism
 4. Confucianism
Indonesia is a member of the Islamic Civilisation.
Indonesian Economy:
 1. Indonesia is rich in natural resources
 3. 90% of the Indonesian population works in agriculture
 4. The fluctuations in the global prices of traditional export commodities have led to a change in the recent years in the Indonesian economy structure
 5. Indonesia produces various types of cars, lorries, buses, and motorcycles under Licensing from foreign producer.
 6. Indonesia also produces electronic equipment and electrical appliances
 7. The Indonesian Aviation industry has been growing, and new production lines are coming on-stream as well its Universal Maintenance Centre for Overhaul of aircraft engines. The aircraft produced are for national use as well as for export
 9. Tourism is gaining a more important sector as a foreign exchange earner
 10. Currency of Indonesia: Indonesian rupiah (Rp) (IDR)
Foreign Trade of Indonesia.
 1. Petrol and gas contribute to 70% of total export earnings and 60% of the Indonesian Government revenues
 3. In the recent years some steps have been taken to promote and stimulate the non-petroleum exports, which include handicrafts, textiles, precious metals, tea, tobacco, cement, fertilizers as well as manufactured products
 4. Air transport and sea ports are being widespread to cater the growing traffic on both local and International sectors, of passengers as well as freight
 5. The Port of Jakarta is the largest Indonesian seaport and one of the largest seaports in the Java Sea basin, with an annual traffic capacity of 45 million tonnes of cargo and 4,000,000 TEU (twenty-foot equivalent unit)
Economic Organisations. Indonesia is a member of:
 1. Islamic Development Bank (IsDB)
 2. Asian Development Bank (ADB)
 3. Economic Social Commission Asia-Pacific (ESCAP)
 4. Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC)
 5. United Nations (UN)
 6. World Bank (WB)
 7. World Trade Organisation (WTO)
 8. International Monetary Fund (IMF)
Samples - Business in Indonesia
Indonesia Telkom Ethics (Master Doctorate)
Indonesia Case Study
Indonesia-Malaysia-Thailand Growth Triangle (IMT-GT) ASEAN. Sumatra Investment and Trade Survey
Indian-Ocean Rim Association IORA, Comoros, Kenya, Madagascar, Mauritius, Mozambique, the Seychelles, South Africa, Tanzania...
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation APEC. Trade and Investment Liberalisation. Bogor Goals
Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)-Australia-New Zealand Free Trade Agreement (FTA)
Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)-Canada Free Trade Agreement (FTA)
Indonesian language
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Boss (video gaming)
In video gaming, a boss is an enemy-based challenge (and a computer-controlled opponent in such a challenge). A fight with a boss character is commonly referred to as a boss battle or boss fight. Boss battles are generally seen at the climax of a particular section of the game, usually at the end of a stage or level, or guarding a specific objective, and the boss enemy is generally far stronger than the opponents the player has faced up to that point.


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Ahmaraan is a muslim Girl name. The name is originated from 'Arabic' origin. The baby name Ahmaraan means "Gold".
Origin of the name is: "Arabic"
Ahmaraan is a Girl name.
The pronunciation of the name is: "U H + MU + R AN"
Ahmaraan Name Meaning:
Ahmaraan is a Muslim Girl name. It means "gold", "saffron". It is derived from the H6-M-R (redness).
It is a Muslim baby name.
Variations or similar name:
Ehmerane Ehmeran Ehmeraane Ehmeraan Ehmarane Ehmaran Ehmaraane Ehmaraan Ahimerane Ahmerane Ahmeran Ahmeraane Ahmeraan Ahmarane Ahmaran
Famous people with this name:


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- The Tsimane tribesmen have a third less baseline testosterone than their more sedentary American counterparts.
- Experts measured salivary testosterone in 88 16- to 59-year-old Tsimane men 15 minutes before a multi-village soccer tournament.
No one would accuse the men of the Tsimane tribe of Bolivia of being anything less than manly, given their hunter-gatherer lifestyle. But new research suggests that Tsimane tribesmen have a third less baseline testosterone than their more sedentary American counterparts.
The study highlights the gap between the popular conception of testosterone as a chemical jolt of masculinity and the actual complexities of the hormone. In fact, having high baseline levels of testosterone can be a handicap for men.
"Maintaining high levels of testosterone compromises the immune system, so it makes sense to keep it low in environments where parasites and pathogens are rampant, as they are where the Tsimane live," study researcher Ben Trumble, an anthropology graduate student at the University of Washington, said in a statement.
Trumble and his colleagues measured salivary testosterone in 88 16- to 59-year-old Tsimane men 15 minutes before a multi-village soccer tournament. After these men played in the tournament, the researchers measured their salivary testosterone again 10 minutes later and then an hour after the game.
They found that compared with age-matched American men and controlling for body size, baseline testosterone levels among the Tsimane are low: 182.9 picograms per milliliter for Tsimane men versus 266.8 picograms per milliliter for U.S. men. Like men the world over, however, the Tsimane soccer players got a testosterone boost from competition. Ten minutes after the game, their salivary testosterone was 30 percent higher than the pre-game measurement. An hour later, it was still 15.5 percent higher than before the game.
Studies of men in industrialized countries suggest they get a similarly sized boost from competition at about 37 percent, the researchers report today (March 27) in the journal Proceedings of the Royal Society B.
The study highlights the oddity of the industrialized man, study co-author and University of California Santa Barbara anthropologist Michael Gurven said in a statement.
"Our lifestyle now is an anomaly, a major departure from our species' long-term existence as hunter-gatherers," Gurven said.
This lifestyle change could have important health effects, the researchers found. Unlike American men, the Tsimane did not see a decline in baseline testosterone with age. In the U.S., drops in testosterone correlate with the onset of age-related disorders such as heart disease rarely seen in the very active Tsimane, Trumble said.
Copyright 2012 LiveScience, a TechMediaNetwork company. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


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Definitions for palingenesisˌpæl ɪnˈdʒɛn ə sɪs
This page provides all possible meanings and translations of the word palingenesis
emergence during embryonic development of various characters or structures that appeared during the evolutionary history of the strain or species
The apparent repetition, during the development of a single embryo, of changes that occurred previously in the evolution of its species.
Spiritual rebirth through the transmigration of the soul in Christian baptism.
Origin: From the πάλιν.
alt. of Palingenesy
Palingenesis is a concept of rebirth or re-creation, used in various contexts in philosophy, theology, politics, and biology. Its meaning stems from Greek palin, meaning again, and genesis, meaning birth. In biology, it is another word for recapitulation - the phase in the development of an organism in which its form and structure pass through the changes undergone in the evolution of the species. In theology, the word can be used to refer to reincarnation and Christian spiritual rebirth symbolized by baptism.
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The people at Kinze Manufacturing, Inc. understand the urgency to get seed in the ground shortly after the planting window opens. Because many Kinze employees also farm, they know how critical proper planter maintenance is to ensuring maximum productivity and efficiency during this short time.
While it's very important for farmers to make sure their planter is mechanically sound, it's also important to check the electronics and technology on today's planters.
After farmers check their planter's mechanics, there is a separate checklist of items they should check regarding their monitors and technology. For farmers to ensure their planter monitor is running properly, Kinze recommends three basic areas to check: display operation, display data/software and the planter components.
If these tasks are performed before planting, it ensures that farmers will be ready to plant when weather permits.


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American Indian Heritage Month declared by board
The board of commissioners has declared May 2022 as American Indian Heritage Month.
The land in present day known as Ramsey County is located on the ancestral and contemporary lands of American Indian people. It is home to the American Indian people of Turtle Island since time immemorial and holds great historical, spiritual and personal significance for its original stewards. The building of this county would not have been possible without the American Indian people of Turtle Island.
The name Ramsey County uncovers the truths and long-standing impact, harm, genocide and racism – at the direction of Governor Ramsey – to forcefully remove the area's American Indian residents from their homelands. Ramsey County strives to eliminate systemic racism towards American Indian people and seeks to promote practices and policies that honor the state's American Indian roots, history and contributions. The board encourages all residents in the community to honor and celebrate the many American Indian Minnesotans and county residents that remind us daily of our rich American Indian heritage.


text:
Component-based development is a software engineering paradigm that can facilitate the construction of embedded systems and tackle its complexities. The modern embedded systems have more and more demanding requirements. One way to cope with such a versatile and growing set of requirements is to employ heterogeneous processing power, i.e., CPU–GPU architectures. The new CPU–GPU embedded boards deliver an increased performance but also introduce additional complexity and challenges. In this work, we address the component-to-hardware allocation for CPU–GPU embedded systems. The allocation for such systems is much complex due to the increased amount of GPU-related information. For example, while in traditional embedded systems the allocation mechanism may consider only the CPU memory usage of components to find an appropriate allocation scheme, in heterogeneous systems, the GPU memory usage needs also to be taken into account in the allocation process. This paper aims at decreasing the component-to-hardware allocation complexity by introducing a two-layer component-based architecture for heterogeneous embedded systems. The detailed CPU–GPU information of the system is abstracted at a high-layer by compacting connected components into single units that behave as regular components. The allocator, based on the compacted information received from the high-level layer, computes, with a decreased complexity, feasible allocation schemes. In the last part of the paper, the two-layer allocation method is evaluated using an existing embedded system demonstrator; namely, an underwater robot.
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License
which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited


text:
You may need to learn whether water is present in a hydraulic reservoir, contaminating the fluid. This problem normally occurs when the reservoir ingests humid ambient air as the fluid level drops. Later, when the system cools, water can condense on the inside of the reservoir's walls. In other situations, sanitary requirements may dictate an equipment washdown. In either case, a water-contamination check should follow.
Two very simple tools — a spoon and a cigarette lighter — can accomplish this test. Fill the spoon with fluid from the reservoir, then heat it over the lighter. In about 30 seconds if water is present, you'll see bubbles forming at the bottom of the spoon and rising to the fluid surface. If there's no water, no bubbles will appear.
Ronald R. Gould, PE, is Vice President - Engineering at Advance Lifts Inc., St. Charles, Ill.


Catfish's got no tongue? Well, it doesn't need it to swallow
By Noah Bressman
When I am fishing for jumbo catfish with jumbo baits like an entire shad or bluegill and I see that I am getting bites, I never set the hook right away. That is because when catfish transport and swallow their food, it does not happen in an instant. I wait to make sure that the fish has completely engulfed my bait to avoid pulling the bait right out of its mouth. Without the ability to take bites or properly chew, they have to swallow big prey whole, which takes time. This is surprisingly complicated, especially without a muscular tongue to help move food around.
Channel Catfish. Copyright: _URL_
After we chew our food, we rely on peristalsis (involuntary muscle contractions in the throat) to move the chewed food down our esophagus. However, if you try to swallow food whole without chewing first, peristalsis will not be enough to move that food down and you will probably choke. Fish, on the other hand, do not (usually) choke from that, but scientists still do not know how they do it. However, a team of scientists led by Hannah Weller from Brown University may have found some answers. In a new paper in Integrative Organismal Biology, they detail how channel catfish can swallow their prey whole without a tongue.
Normally, it is very difficult to see how fish swallow because it happens on the inside of live fish. Weller and her team used a technique called XROMM (X-ray Reconstruction of Moving Morphology) that allows them to visualize the inner workings of fish movements. XROMM involves x-ray videos with markers implanted in the bones. These videos are then synced with CT scans of the catfish using the markers, creating animations of the skull in motion. Other than making cool moving skeleton videos, this technique allows scientists to see precisely how skeletons move during complex behaviors. By having a marker in their food, Weller was able to visualize how food travels through the digestive tract as catfish process and swallow their food.
X-ray video (side view) of a catfish feeding and swallowing. Without the paired CT images, you can see the food moving through the catfish heads and a lot of bones moving, but it is hard to figure out exactly what is happening with so much going on. From Weller et al., 2020.
To feed, catfish suck their food and some surrounding water into their mouth at high speeds, and the food then stops around the gills. Using XROMM, Weller and her team described how food then moves toward the esophagus in a slower, subtler, more intricate manner. This is likely driven by movements of the branchial basket, a structure that includes the gill arches and pharyngeal jaws, which are a second set of jaws found in the throats of most fish. Meanwhile on the outside, the fish appear to move very little. Once the food reaches the esophagus, the fish then use a complex combination of mouth opening and closing, body muscle contractions, pharyngeal jaw movement, hyoid depression, and a few other moving parts to transport food to their stomachs.
XROMM video of a catfish eating and swallowing a piece of food (green sphere). By pairing CT images with x-ray videos, you can clearly see how food moves down the digestive tract and the bone movements that make it possible, without the background distractions. Top panel is a side view, bottom panel is a bottom view. From Weller et al., 2020.
This is the first description of the anything other than peristalsis aiding the movement of food down the esophagus of a vertebrate. Previously, all vertebrates were thought to only use peristalsis to for this task, be it a frog, bird, turtle, or Russian dwarf hamster. This may only be possible because of the highly mobile fish skull, which allows fish to move their heads in more ways than we can. Weller and her team have some ideas about exactly how head and body movements aid in swallowing, such as by swallowing water, pectoral fin movements, or heavy breathing, but more research is still needed to figure out the exact mechanism.
Next time you are fishing for big fish with big baits, just remember these videos, so you know just how long to wait for a catfish to move your bait completely into its mouth before setting the hook.
Dr. Noah Bressman is a Postdoctoral Fellow at Chapman University, studying fish biology, biomechanics, biomaterials and behavior. You can find more at _URL_ or @NoahwithFish, or contact him at _EMAIL_.
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Rank of An Abelian Group
Get Rank of An Abelian Group essential facts below. View Videos or join the Rank of An Abelian Group discussion. Add Rank of An Abelian Group to your PopFlock.com topic list for future reference or share this resource on social media.
Rank of An Abelian Group
In mathematics, the rank, Prüfer rank, or torsion-free rank of an abelian group A is the cardinality of a maximal linearly independent subset.[1] The rank of A determines the size of the largest free abelian group contained in A. If A is torsion-free then it embeds into a vector space over the rational numbers of dimension rank A. For finitely generated abelian groups, rank is a strong invariant and every such group is determined up to isomorphism by its rank and torsion subgroup. Torsion-free abelian groups of rank 1 have been completely classified. However, the theory of abelian groups of higher rank is more involved.
The term rank has a different meaning in the context of elementary abelian groups.
A subset {a?} of an abelian group is linearly independent (over Z) if the only linear combination of these elements that is equal to zero is trivial: if
where all but finitely many coefficients n? are zero (so that the sum is, in effect, finite), then all summands are 0. Any two maximal linearly independent sets in A have the same cardinality, which is called the rank of A.
Rank of an abelian group is analogous to the dimension of a vector space. The main difference with the case of vector space is a presence of torsion. An element of an abelian group A is classified as torsion if its order is finite. The set of all torsion elements is a subgroup, called the torsion subgroup and denoted T(A). A group is called torsion-free if it has no non-trivial torsion elements. The factor-group A/T(A) is the unique maximal torsion-free quotient of A and its rank coincides with the rank of A.
The notion of rank with analogous properties can be defined for modules over any integral domain, the case of abelian groups corresponding to modules over Z. For this, see finitely generated module#Generic rank.
 - The rank of an abelian group A coincides with the dimension of the Q-vector space A? Q. If A is torsion-free then the canonical map A -> A? Q is injective and the rank of A is the minimum dimension of Q-vector space containing A as an abelian subgroup. In particular, any intermediate group Zn < A < Qn has rank n.
 - Abelian groups of rank 0 are exactly the periodic abelian groups.
 - The group Q of rational numbers has rank 1. Torsion-free abelian groups of rank 1 are realized as subgroups of Q and there is a satisfactory classification of them up to isomorphism. By contrast, there is no satisfactory classification of torsion-free abelian groups of rank 2.[2]
 - Rank is additive over short exact sequences: if
is a short exact sequence of abelian groups then rk B = rk A + rk C. This follows from the flatness of Q and the corresponding fact for vector spaces.
where the sum in the right hand side uses cardinal arithmetic.
Groups of higher rank
Abelian groups of rank greater than 1 are sources of interesting examples. For instance, for every cardinal d there exist torsion-free abelian groups of rank d that are indecomposable, i.e. cannot be expressed as a direct sum of a pair of their proper subgroups. These examples demonstrate that torsion-free abelian group of rank greater than 1 cannot be simply built by direct sums from torsion-free abelian groups of rank 1, whose theory is well understood. Moreover, for every integer, there is a torsion-free abelian group of rank that is simultaneously a sum of two indecomposable groups, and a sum of n indecomposable groups.[] Hence even the number of indecomposable summands of a group of an even rank greater or equal than 4 is not well-defined.
Another result about non-uniqueness of direct sum decompositions is due to A.L.S. Corner: given integers, there exists a torsion-free abelian group A of rank n such that for any partition into k natural summands, the group A is the direct sum of k indecomposable subgroups of ranks.[] Thus the sequence of ranks of indecomposable summands in a certain direct sum decomposition of a torsion-free abelian group of finite rank is very far from being an invariant of A.
Other surprising examples include torsion-free rank 2 groups An,m and Bn,m such that An is isomorphic to Bn if and only if n is divisible by m.
For abelian groups of infinite rank, there is an example of a group K and a subgroup G such that
 - K is indecomposable;
 - K is generated by G and a single other element; and
 - Every nonzero direct summand of G is decomposable.
The notion of rank can be generalized for any module M over an integral domain R, as the dimension over R0, the quotient field, of the tensor product of the module with the field:
It makes sense, since R0 is a field, and thus any module (or, to be more specific, vector space) over it is free.
It is a generalization, since any abelian group is a module over the integers. It easily follows that the dimension of the product over Q is the cardinality of maximal linearly independent subset, since for any torsion element x and any rational q
See also
 1. ^ Page 46 of Lang, Serge (1993), Algebra (Third ed.), Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley, ISBN 978-0-201-55540-0, Zbl 0848.13001
 2. ^ Thomas, Simon; Schneider, Scott (2012), "Countable Borel equivalence relations", in Cummings, James; Schimmerling, Ernest (eds.), Appalachian Set Theory: 2006-2012, London Mathematical Society Lecture Note Series, 406, Cambridge University Press, pp. 25-62, CiteSeerX, doi:10.1017/CBO9781139208574.003, ISBN 9781107608504. On p. 46, Thomas and Schneider refer to "...this failure to classify even the rank 2 groups in a satisfactory way..."
Music Scenes


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Payout (.pay) path Creation
Cadfil Help contents Cadfil.com Home
At the CADFIL main menu select the Create Payout Path option.
The system will request the name of the fibre path (. FIB) file to use.
The system reads the fibre path data and then reads the mandrel and envelope file data that is referenced in the fibre path file.
The thickness dialog is then displayed, to enter bandwidth, set filtering and create thickness files if required. This has its own topic.
The first six values above are used to estimate the cross sectional area of the resin impregnated fibre bundle to allow the thickness of the winding to be calculated. When the user later specifies the band-width the band thickness can be estimated. The calculation is set up for default units but can be modified if required. See the appendices for tow area calculations.
See also the section on thickness modifications.
The FILTER ANGLE and FILTER LENGTH can be used to reduce the number of data points in the payout path and are discussed in one of the following sections.
The PAYOUT CLEARANCE is used to create the default envelope around the mandrel. If the mandrel file has an envelope defined and this was selected at step 4 then this value is ignored. The PAYOUT CLEARANCE value entered MUST be in mandrel units.
The software now calculates from the data input the number of cycles required to cover the mandrel. This line is displayed for user information as follows, the user will note that the number of cycles is not a whole number as it is unlikely that the effective bandwidth will divide exactly a whole number of times into the mandrel maximum circumference. By default CADFIL rounds the number of cycles to the nearest whole number .
The other items displayed are the minimum layer thickness and the total length of fibre for one layer (assuming one roving)
If a thickness file was requested The system will now prompt the user as to whether he would like to update the mandrel profile by displaying, MANDREL UPDATE REQUIRED Y/N . If the user answer 'Y' the display will indicate UPDATING MANDREL. PLEASE WAIT. Following this, the system will request the user to input a new mandrel file name for the updated mandrel.
The Band pattern table is then shown (as below). This user can select a band pattern by clicking on the line required. Band pattern is discussed in detail in a later section.
Band Pattern Selection Dialog
The system requests the user to input the name of the payout file he wishes to save the payout path data to. This file has the .PAY extension.
The system then proceeds to the Payout View Section.


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This work reports the synthesis of NaCr2O4/GO nanocomposite using co-precipitation method for energy storage applications. Characterizations e.g., scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were performed to investigate the important optical and structural properties. The Crystalline size is seen to decrease from 28 nm for sodium chromite to 16.56 nm for nanocomposite NaCr2O4/GO. Raman results showed the existence of characteristic peaks for NaCr2O4/GO. Using cyclic voltammetry, the specific capacitance for NaCr2O4/GO was measured to be 455.5 F/g. The NaCr2O4/GO nanohybrids depicted significantly higher values of specific capacitance combined with extremely low charge transfer resistance, useful for various applications.
- Cyclic voltammetry
- Electron impedance spectroscopy (EIS)
- Energy storage


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Lot 1061: Viking Twisted and Stamped Bracelet
December 7, 2016
Harwich, United KingdomLive Auction
Description: 9th-12th century AD. A gold bracelet with twisted shank extending to flat plates with scrolled finials, bands of punched pellets flanking a band of punched triangles with a pellet to each angle. 35 grams, 75mm (3"). Property of a European collector; acquired before 2000. Accompanied by a positive X-Ray Fluorescence metal analysis certificate. Within Scandinavia, the two most common shapes for stamps to take were ring-stamps and triangles, often containing one or three pellets. Often, two triangles were placed end-on-end creating an hourglass shape. The stamped triangular decoration is found on a number of objects such as bracelets, rings, and a Thor's Hammer pendant from South Lopham, Norfolk. Such simple shapes were relatively easy to produce. In most cases, a punch was applied to the surface of the object soon after casting. To avoid a double impression, the punch had to be made in a single blow. Actual examples of punches used to create the ornament are rare, but one example comes from a late Viking-Age tool chest found at Mästermyr on Gotland. This is essentially a square iron rod, which originally had an hourglass shape on the striking face. A lead pad from the same tool chest seems to have been a testing piece for this stamp and others: it is covered on both sides with stamped hourglasses and rings. It would seem that it was not necessary to punch the silver or gold after casting. Sometimes, the ornament could be stamped into a beeswax model, and that model used to create a clay mould from which silver or gold objects could be cast. This is clearly demonstrated by a find of a Viking-Age clay mould which preserves stamped hourglass decoration from the harbour site of Fröjel, Gotland; this mould would have been used to cast decorated silver arm-rings.
Condition Report: Very fine condition.


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A Nativity scene is a simple reminder of "God's tender love" and "helps us to relive the history of what took place in Bethlehem", Pope Francis said in a letter on the meaning and importance of setting up Christmas cribs.
Pope Francis has written an Apostolic Letter on the meaning and importance of the nativity scene. He signed the Letter during his visit on Sunday afternoon to the Italian town of Greccio.
Greccio is the mountain village where Saint Francis of Assisi created the first crib scene in 1223 to commemorate the birth of Jesus. Pope Francis returned to the town on Sunday to deliver his Apostolic Letter entitled, "Admirabile signum".


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"In pre-Colonial days, the Bowery was a country lane, running between the 'bouweries' (farms) of the Dutch burghers," the caption to this 1888 photo reminds us. It's part of the fascinating photo collection New York Then and Now, published by Dover in 1976.
The 19th century history of the Bowery is well known: it went from premier entertainment district to a skid row of cheap theaters, flophouses, and eponymous bums.
What's interesting in the above photo of Bowery at Canal Street is that the tracks of the Third Avenue El, constructed in 1878, are on each side of the street.
"In 1915 the structure and stations were rebuilt, with the addition of an express track, and were moved to the center of the street, providing more light for pedestrians and stores," the book explains.
Here is the same intersection in 1975. No more elevated; no more horses and wagons. Chinatown has edged in, yet most of the tenements that existed 87 years earlier are still there.
And so is the faded ad for "Carriage Materials" on the east side of the street!
The carriage materials ad has been painted over by 2013, and some of the old tenements and the big wooden water tower on the far right are gone too.
The intersection of Bowery and Canal Streets looks like one more bustling traffic-choked corner.


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Rubbermaid® Reduces Environmental Impact with Dishwasher-Safe Reusable Bottles
Reusable water bottles that require hand washing have a higher environmental impact than those that are dishwasher safe, according to an independently third-party reviewed lifecycle assessment study (LCA) sponsored by Rubbermaid® and conducted by Environmental Resources Management.
The household washing of reusable water bottles represents the largest component of a bottle's environmental impact because the energy needed for a residential water heater is much higher than the electricity consumption for a dishwasher when washing the same amount of place settings. As plastic and stainless steel bottles are recommended to be dishwasher safe, they were found to have significantly lower environmental impact across a wide range of categories when compared to aluminum bottles.
"At Rubbermaid, our goal is to make products that fit consumers' lifestyles and we take into consideration how consumers will use our products," said Dave Zak, Director of Research & Development at Rubbermaid. "This study validated our strategy of making only dishwasher-safe bottles. In addition to being more convenient for consumers, they also create significantly less environmental impact in the long run."
The LCA examined the four most widely-available water bottle materials in the U.S. and Canada — aluminum, stainless steel and two forms of plastic (TRITANTM co-polyester and polypropylene, which are used by Rubbermaid and other plastic bottle makers). The study assessed the products from cradle to grave (from manufacturing to disposal) including the effects associated with the extraction of raw materials, bottle manufacturing and packaging, distribution to retail locations, use of the water bottle and disposal. Conclusions from the study stemmed from an assessment of 10 environmental impacts, including global warming, non-renewable energy, mineral extraction and carcinogens.
One of the most critical differentiators between water bottle types, with regard to environmental impact, was the method of washing. Manufacturers of aluminum bottles recommend hand washing, and manufacturers of steel bottles recommend hand and dishwashing, while Rubbermaid recommends putting its plastic bottles, which are BPA-free, in the dishwasher.
"We are committed to continuing this kind of work," said Zak, "so we can ensure our products create the minimum environmental impact possible, while at the same time continuing our legacy of quality and innovation."
[via PR Newswire]


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Sustainability at CPA Ireland
The Climate Action Plan has set targets to achieve zero carbon emissions by 2050.
At CPA Ireland, we are working with many stakeholders in the area of sustainability to create a sustainability strategy that will benefit our students, members and wider society.
As well as building long term strategies, CPA Ireland has already committed to:
- Being at the forefront of change on sustainability matters in the accountancy profession in Ireland
- Supporting and educating students and members with the tools and resources to develop sustainability strategies
In order to achieve our sustainability strategy goals, CPA Ireland is committed to:
- Auditing our carbon footprint
- Reducing the organisation's carbon emissions
- Offsetting carbon emissions by working with external partners on carbon offset projects
- Pledging to plant a tree for every annual conference attendee in 2021
- Pledging to plant a tree for every student registration in 2021 & 2022
- Educating our trainees and members
CPA Ireland have partnered with Hometree to offset carbon emissions.


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Franklin vs. Roberts: Experiences as an Apprentice
- Students will be able to appreciate the differences in experiences among apprentices.
- Students will be able to recall, analyze, and synthesize historical information to formulate a position.
- Students will be able to interpret primary source material using critical-thinking skills.
Suggested Instructional Procedures
(Note: This activity utilizes ideas discussed in the previous activity)
Download and photocopy the excerpt from Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography and Jonathan Roberts's journal.
1. Class workDivide the class into two big groups. Half the class will receive the photocopy packet of Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography and the other half, Jonathan Roberts's journal. Allow students within the halves to work together to read through their assigned piece. When completed, bring class back together. Divide class (mixing the original halves) into small groups for jigsaw activity.
Download, photocopy, and distribute the worksheet to each student. Ask students to compare and contrast the experiences of both Franklin and Roberts, completing the worksheet and listing any additional areas they can identify as comparisons.
3. Review & CloseReview the completed worksheets as a class. Close with asking the students to draw conclusions about the individual experiences of Franklin and Roberts, and the extent to which the apprentice system did, or did not affect their future careers according to Franklin and Roberts.
- See lesson 1 of this unit
Plans in this Unit
This unit was created by Laura Beardsley. Modified and updated for SAS by Kimberly L. Parsons, Education Intern, and Historical Society of Pennsylvania.


/ Family / 7 Benefits of Strict Parenting That Make Your Life Better
7 Benefits of Strict Parenting That Make Your Life Better
Kate Gitman 6 months ago - in Family
Nowadays, many young people think that they were not parented properly. They wholeheartedly believe that their personality problems, insecurities, fears and inner conflicts are nothing else, but the consequences of strict parenting. Although there is some truth in that, it would be a mistake to assume that strict upbringing is as terrible, dangerous and useless.
I am not telling that raising and controlling children with the iron fist is good and acceptable. But I do not want you to blame your parents for their strict parenting style since there are some benefits of it for you and many other people raised by authoritarian parents to understand that they are unique, free and strong.
1. You are surrounded by intelligent and decent people
If you came from a very formal family, then it automatically means that you have a high-quality education. The circle of contacts of people who graduate from a respected university or college usually consists of young, intelligent and well-brought up personalities who know what they want and do their best to achieve success through their own efforts.
There is a high probability that lazybones and other negative people will never become a part of your social circle because you do not find it interesting or appropriate to communicate and cooperate with the ones who do not correspond to your level of development.
2. You are a good judge of character
Strict parents usually lecture and prohibit their children to make friends and hang out with some of the kids, because for one reason or another, they find this communication dangerous. They put together a file on all, at first glance, iffy friends and teach their kids to catch the difference between positive and negative people.
I understand you have had a really rough go of it because it was difficult to go against your nature or communicate in secret with your friends. But your parents' prohibitions taught you a lot about people and also made a big contribution to the development of your sensitivity, intuition, and inner voice.
3. You can take care of yourself
Even though you have already tried smoking and wine-drinking in protest, deep down you know that it is necessary to lead a healthy lifestyle. You think of your status, maintain healthy habits and take an active part in your own well-being thanks to the high level of self-discipline and self-organization, instilled in you by your strict parents.
Unlike some of your peers who prefer to hang out at smoky bars and drink, you give preference to jogging, healthy drinks, and cultural activities. It means that you are both physically and mentally stronger than those who can't resist temptations.
Read also – 9 Things Girls Who Were Raised By Strict Parents Can Understand
4. Responsibility is your strong point
If you are a big brother or sister and your parents used to get you to keep an eye on your siblings, then it automatically means that you have a strong sense of responsibility. You were taught to follow the schedule, do everything on time and take your responsibilities seriously.
Surely, strict parenting is the thing that spoils the quality of childhood, but in most cases, it helps the child become a responsible and conscientious person that can be trusted. Now you have big chances to get a lucrative job and become the one in charge in a quite short period of time.
5. You have perfect skills of persuasion
We all understand that playing roles and telling lies are considered unacceptable, but if we soberly look at the situation, we will understand that it is almost impossible for a very honest and obedient child to retain their distinct identity.
If you were raised by really strict parents, you are good at lying and withholding evidence. When you were a child, you had to look into your parents' eyes and lie convincingly in order to avoid the punishment. If you got away with it for so long, it meant that you had had a unique gift of persuasion.
6. Others are jealous of your iron will
One more benefit of strict parenting that boosts your self-confidence and shows you that you are on the right track is the others' admiration of your iron will, success and consistency.
It is an amazing feeling when people admire you and acknowledge your superiority. Sometimes it even gives you the power to overcome difficulties and inspires you to work in that same spirit. It was difficult to develop strong will power, but strict parenting helped you to reach that goal faster than the others.
Read also – 7 Types of Fathers That Steal Their Kids' Happiness
7. You will always be fine
They say children raised up in strict families will certainly take the wrong path and fail to take control of their lives in future because they were significantly limited in their actions in childhood. They believe that only the kids who have made a fair share of mistakes will find their place under the sun.
Actually, that is not true. You have faced the harsh realities of life and got a lot of bumps along your way as well. But your parents and other people still do not know about it, because you are used to carry your secrets to yourself. Whatever happens, you will always be okay, because you are a responsible, strong-willed and hard-working person.
Sometimes I wished I was born in a family where there were no rules and responsibilities. What other benefits of strict parenting can make the future life of a child better?


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Sunday, March 21, 2021
A Virtual Photography Exhibit
by The Ground Glass
The Ground Glass, a Westchester-based association of fine art photographers, will be hosting "ABSTRACTIONS" a virtual photography exhibit by members.
Abstract photography is depiction of a visual image that does not have an immediate association with the object world. The abstract image may be produced using traditional photographic equipment such as a camera or, by more contemporary means, with a computer. In other cases, it may be created by manipulating film, photographic paper or materials in the darkroom.
An abstract photograph may isolate a fragment of a given environment in order to disguise its inherent context from the viewer or it may be staged to create a seemingly unreal appearance from real objects. The image may also use color, light, shadow, texture, shape or form to convey the feeling or impression intended by the artist.
may be viewed on The Ground Glass Website:
# # #
photo credit: Ruth Raskin
Event Location and Ticket Information
Date: Sunday, March 21, 2021
Times: All Day
Presenter: The Ground Glass
Presenter Phone: _PHONE_
Presenter Website: _URL_


Sign up ×
I was looking at a book of FEM on problems of Diffusion-Transport.
$$-div(\mu \nabla u) + b \cdot \nabla u + \gamma u = f \qquad in~\Omega$$ $$u = 0 \qquad in~\partial\Omega\text{ (in the boundaries)}$$
It says that if $\displaystyle \frac{|b|}{\mu} \gg 1$ then the problem is a problem dominated by transport.
Taking some stuff from the previous chapter, more precisely the Galerking analysis of stability and convergence, and the approximation of the error, we have
$$\displaystyle M \cong \mu + |b| \qquad \textrm{continuity constant}$$ $$\alpha = \mu \qquad \textrm{coercivity constant}$$
Then it has $$\displaystyle \frac{M}{\alpha} \cong1+\frac{|b|}{\mu} \gg 1$$
As a consequence of that, it concludes that, the estimation of the error is $$\displaystyle ||u -u_h|| ≤C\frac{M}{\alpha}h^r|u|_{H^{r+1}(\Omega)}$$
which tell us that the Galerkin's method could give unsatisfactory results if the space step $h$ isn't small enough.
I Can't understand how can it conclude such thing. Any idea? Please, do not give complex explanations, I'm just trying to understand this FEM stuff, I'm a computer science student more than a math one.
share|improve this question
I'm not exactly clear what your question is? Which of the steps you state is not clear to you? – Wolfgang Bangerth Jan 22 '13 at 2:24
1 Answer 1
up vote 2 down vote accepted
If you follow the analysis until the last equation, then you can see the problem. You write:
$|| u-u_h|| \le C \frac{M}{\alpha} h^r |u|_{H^{r+1}(\Omega)}$
which from the expression just above it could also be written as
$|| u-u_h|| \le C \left(1+\frac{|b|}{\mu}\right) h^r |u|_{H^{r+1}(\Omega)}$
Now say you want to solve a problem for a fixed mesh size. In the first problem $|b|=\mu$, then you have
$|| u-u_h|| \le 2C h^r |u|_{H^{r+1}(\Omega)}$
Now you move to the next problem and the transport is strong compared to diffusion, $|b|=10^4 \mu$.
$|| u-u_h|| \le 10^4 C h^r |u|_{H^{r+1}(\Omega)}$
So on a mesh with fixed size, the second solution is orders of magnitude worse. The only way to improve it is to decrease $h$ to an amount that resolves the transport scale (counteracting the huge constant).
share|improve this answer
I can see that the second solution is worse, so I suppose we decide to reduce the step size $h$ because is the only parameter that we can manipulate to make that result better, is that true? – BRabbit27 Jan 22 '13 at 7:37
Yes, that is why $h$ must be'small enough'. – Nathan Collier Jan 22 '13 at 8:19
Your Answer


How To Increase The Size Of Shapes In A Legend
Published: 03 Apr 2020
Last Modified Date: 08 Apr 2020
How to increase the size of shapes in a legend
 - Tableau Desktop
Create a new sheet with the dimension that includes your shapes and show headers to show which shape relates to which value.
For example if you want to show a legend for Segments in your sheet where segment is on shape like below:
User-added image
Create a legend sheet like below:
User-added image
Use the legend sheet as a floating sheet on the dashboard.
User-added image
If the highlight function needs to be enabled, configure the highlight action with dashboard actions like below:
User-added image
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Coffs Harbour uses ABS information in Strategic Planning
Coffs Harbour, on the New South Wales North Coast, has become a popular place to live, placing extreme pressure on its City Council to maintain adequate supplies of land and associated infrastructure, including roads, water, sewerage, schools, hospitals and commercial development. The Council has been able to meet this challenge through successful strategic planning.
The Council uses census information to review and update its policies and plans. Estimates of resident population and population projections, were used to forecast land and infrastructure requirements for future growth and development. These figures assisted the Council to prepare strategic urban and rural residential land release programs and identify appropriate zonings in its local environmental plan.
Information on occupancy rates, dwelling types, age distribution and household types was also used to predict land take-up
rates - which help determine the timing of land releases, and the level and scope of developer contributions to be levied.
In addition, the Council has an important role in supplying relevant demographic information to service providers to ensure that service levels are appropriate to Coffs Harbour's role as a regional centre.
Business and industry use demographic information supplied by the Council to assist them in preparation of business plans and in making location decisions. Coffs Harbour City Council also receives many requests for census information from community organisations, students and individuals for a variety of purposes. This is an important aspect of Council's service to the Coffs Harbour community.
This case study is provided by Councillor John Essex-CIark
Chairman, Planning, Environment and Development Committee
Coffs Harbour City Council
This page last updated 30 July 2007


text: 1. The problem statement, all variables and given/known data Water at the top of Niagara Falls has a temperature of 10.0degrees celsius. If it falls a distance of 50.0m and all of its potential energy goes into heating the water, calculate the temperature of the water at the bottom of the falls. 2. Relevant equations W = change in kinetic energy + change in potential energy 3. The attempt at a solution i know there's potential energy on top and none at the bottom. There's not kinetic energy at the top and there is at the bottom. But how do i put temperature into this equation???


Jobs Near SCC
LocationOrange, CA
Highest Degree OfferedAssociate's degree
Average In-State Tuition$864
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Santiago Canyon College (SCC) is a diverse learning community dedicated to intellectual and personal growth. Our purpose is to foster a learning environment that helps students develop knowledge and understandingcritical thinkingsound decision makingcultural awarenesseffective communication skillsand a commitment to local and global citizenship. Santiago Canyon College offers a comprehensive curriculum that includes university transferassociate degree and certificate programs. In additionwe provide community servicescareer educationcontinuing educationbasic skills developmentand a range of support services for full and part-time studentsincluding those with family and career responsibilities. At SCC we encourage students to planimplement- and evaluate their educational progress through meaningful reflection and interaction with both the college and community.
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Search for a device through the REST API
You can search through all discovered devices on your sensor or console by specifying your criteria (such as IP address or discovery ID) and then export the list of devices and their associated metadata to a file format that is readable through a third-party application like Microsoft Excel or any CSV reader. For example, you might want to view and export the IP addresses of each VMware device on your network.
You can test device search queries before incorporating them into a script by running the queries in the ExtraHop REST API Explorer. This guide includes methods for both the REST API Explorer and a sample Python script.
Before you begin
 - For sensors and ECA VMs, you must have a valid API key to make changes through the REST API and complete the procedures below. (See Generate an API key.)
 - For Reveal(x) 360, you must have valid REST API credentials to make changes through the REST API and complete the procedures below. (See Create REST API credentials.)
Search for a device through the REST API Explorer
Important:The REST API Explorer is not available on Reveal(x) 360.
 1. In a browser, navigate to the REST API Explorer.
 The URL is the hostname or IP address of your sensor or console, followed by /api/v1/explore/. For example, if your hostname is seattle-eda, the URL is https://seattle-eda/api/v1/explore/.
 2. Click Enter API Key and then paste or type your API key into the API Key field.
 3. Click Authorize and then click Close.
 4. Click Device to display device operations.
 5. Click POST /devices/search.
 6. Click Try it out.
 The JSON schema is automatically added to the body parameter text box.
 7. In the body text box, type your search criteria.
 The following search criteria returns a device with an IP address of 10.10.10.200:
 {
 "filter": {
 "field": "ipaddr",
 "operand": "10.10.10.200",
 "operator": "="
 }
 }
 For more information about device search filters, see Operand values for device search.
Retrieve and run the example Python script
The ExtraHop GitHub repository contains an example Python script that searches for a list of devices by IP address. The script then outputs the ExtraHop discovery ID for each IP address.
 1. Go to the ExtraHop code-examples GitHub repository and download the search_device/search_device.py file to your local machine.
 2. In a text editor, open the search_device.py file and replace the configuration variables with information from your environment.
 - For sensors and ECA VMs, specify the following configuration variables:
 HOST: The IP address or hostname of the sensor or ECA VM.
 API_KEY: The API key.
 IP_ADDR_LIST: An array of IP addresses.
 - For Reveal(x) 360, specify the following configuration variables:
 HOST: The hostname of the Reveal(x) 360 API. This hostname is displayed in the Reveal(x) 360 API Access page under API Endpoint. The hostname does not include the /oauth/token.
 ID: The ID of the Reveal(x) 360 REST API credentials.
 SECRET: The secret of the Reveal(x) 360 REST API credentials.
 IP_ADDR_LIST: An array of IP addresses.
 3. Run the following command:
 python3 search_device.py
 Note:If the script returns an error message that the SSL certificate verification failed, make sure that a trusted certificate has been added to your sensor or console. Alternatively, you can add the verify=False option to bypass certificate verification. However, this method is not secure and not recommended. The following code sends an HTTP GET request without certificate verification:
 requests.get(url, headers=headers, verify=False)
Published 2023-11-07