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Middridge is located in County Durham
 Middridge shown within County Durham
OS grid reference NZ251261
Unitary authority County Durham
Ceremonial county County Durham
Region North East
Country England
Sovereign state United Kingdom
Post town Newton Aycliffe
Postcode district DL5
Dialling code 01325
Police Durham
Fire County Durham and Darlington
Ambulance North East
EU Parliament North East England
List of places
County Durham
Coordinates: 54°38′N 1°40′W / 54.63°N 1.66°W / 54.63; -1.66
Following the fall of the Roman Empire, the Saxons arrived in the area around 500 AD [1] and created several settlements, including Middridge. The name "Middridge" is derived from its location at that time on the "middle ridge" between Eldon and School Aycliffe (near the current Aycliffe golf course).
Anglo-Saxon Middridge lasted for five hundred years before being destroyed by the Normans during William the Conqueror's Harrying of the North. Those who survived this massacre (and the resulting disease and starvation) were enslaved by the invaders. They were forced by the Bishop of Durham to toil in the surrounding fields as serfs, and forcibly relocated to gloomy huts centred on the village green. The "serfs" eventually gained their freedom and the village green survives to this day, although the housing has improved considerably.
The arrival of the industrial age in the nineteenth century resulted in two coal mines: Charles Pit and Eden Pit.[2] These pits were collectively known as Middridge Colliery, and provided employment for hundreds of people in their heyday while producing a combined daily total of 600 tons of coal,[3] before closing in the early 20th century. The remains of this era live on in the names of places such as Charles Row, Eden Grove and the "pit heap", a small hill used in the winter as a sledge run# Until recently, the pit heap was also used to host the annual village bonfire#
Notable buildings and structures[edit]
Middridge Grange is a Grade II listed building [4] situated just outside the village itself, between Shildon and School Aycliffe. It is one of the oldest buildings in the region, beginning life as a large Elizabethan manor in 1578. However, the current Middridge Grange bears little resemblance to the original manor, much of which was destroyed by fire in the 19th century.
Used as a farmhouse, it has been owned by the Scott family since the early 20th century but has not been lived in since the 1970s, after falling into serious disrepair. A site of great interest to historians, it is currently undergoing an extensive renovation.
Middridge Village Hall was originally built as a school for the children of the village and local farming community. It served this purpose for many years, but due to a continuing fall in pupil numbers in the 1950s and 1960s and changes in education policy, it closed.
To prevent the building becoming derelict, the committee of the village association took over the administration of the hall. After various repairs and alterations, it became the village hall, which it has been for well over thirty years. The village hall is used as a venue for discos, church services, parties and social gatherings such as the monthly wine club. The hall has recently been refurbished, with an entirely new roof section, plumbing structure and electrical system.
Famous residents[edit]
The Byerley Turk, the great stallion owned by the then Captain (later Colonel) Robert Byerley, was arguably Middridge's most famous resident. The Byerley Turk was one of the three[5] founding stallions of today's thoroughbred horses and was stood at Middridge Grange, until being moved to Goldsborough Hall, near Knaresborough, North Yorkshire, when his owner married his cousin, Mary Wharton, in 1692.
Robert Byerley was the son of Colonel Anthony Byerley, a cavalry officer who served Charles I in a unit known as "Byerley's Bulldogs". The Byerley line eventually died out, but their name lives on in place names around the region, such as Byerley Park, Byerley Road etc.
It is believed that King Charles I of England took refuge in Middridge Grange during the English Civil War.[6]
Legends and folklore[edit]
The Middridge fairies (or faeries) are, according to legend, very different from the kind, winged fairies of popular culture. They are rumoured to be evil demons that scourge people and generally cause mischief. The story goes that the fairies chased a traveller, who took refuge in Middridge Grange, getting inside the building just before the pitchfork struck the door. The pitchfork mark was reputedly on this door for many years afterwards. They were also blamed for disruptions to the building of the Stockton and Darlington railway.
The village fete[edit]
Middridge village fete is a yearly event for the local community (but people come from miles around). It is usually a combination of a jumble sale, children's entertainment, competitions and other events, usually ending in a barbecue that is enjoyed alongside copious amounts of alcohol.
In 1974 during excavations for the foundation of the Bay Horse Pub extension in Middridge, a hoard of coins mainly dating from Edward 1 era was found. Known as "The Middridge Hoard", the significant hoard was mainly distributed at an auction by Dinning in 1976, although some remain in the Dorman Long Museum in Middlesbrough, and the British Treasury Museum in London. The Hoard. The hoard of 3072 coins was estimated to be buried in 1311, and consisted of mainly English, but also Irish, Scottish and Continental coins.
 1. ^ [1][dead link]
 2. ^ Lloyd, Chris. "Come friendly bombs and fall on...Eden (From The Northern Echo)". Thenorthernecho.co.uk. Retrieved 2012-11-07.
 3. ^ _URL_
 4. ^ "Keys To The Past, Ref No D15753". Keystothepast.info. Retrieved 2012-11-07.
 5. ^ The Byerley Turk by Jeremy James, publ. Merlin Unwin Books, ISBN 978-1-873674-98-7
 6. ^ [2][dead link]
 - Leighton, H.R. (1910) Memorials of Old Durham London: G. Allen
External links[edit]


text:
On 8 December 2017, George Miley received an honorary doctorate from Trinity College in Dublin, Ireland. Miley founded the Universe Awareness programme in 2006, as a testament to his vision of using astronomy as a tool for the education and development of underprivileged children around the world.
The honorary doctorate was partially due to his work in setting up the International Astronomical Union Astronomy for Development (IAU OAD), which uses astronomy for capacity building. Miley also took the initiative for LOFAR, a European network of radio telescopes, which Ireland recently joined.
Professor George Miley, founder of Universe Awareness.
"I never dreamed that I would receive an honorary doctorate from anyone," says Miley. "It is particularly emotional for me that it came from Trinity College Dublin, in the city where I spent the first 21 years of my life." He is sure that this will help reinforce the scientific links between Ireland and the Netherlands.
Leiden emeritus professor George Miley is (co-)author of more than 350 scientific articles, and became a Knight in the Order of the Dutch Lion for his services to astronomy and society. With the associated funding of the Academy Professorship by the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, he was able to create Universe Awareness.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


How many times a year does the Hogwarts Express run between Hogwarts and London King's Cross?
I know the train goes to Hogwarts at the start of the school year near the start of September, and back to London before the summer break, since the books describe Harry ride these several times. But is the train also used for the Christmas break, when most students leave Hogwarts? We never see Harry use it, but that's because he doesn't want to spend the break with the Dursleys. Does it perhaps run even more frequently, so that students with parents in England can visit home several times a year, or shop in Diagon Alley in London?
 - 2
 The wikia suggests six times a year, maybe more, as needed. So I think we can assume 6 to be the lower bound, assuming that is correct of course. Though I wouldn't base an answer off of that. – TheLethalCarrot Apr 25 '18 at 12:45
 - As far as I know students aren't permitted to leave school - except to visit Hogsmeade - during term time (unless their parents come and take them out of school), so it's unlikely the Hogwarts Express runs frequently. Six times per school year seems reasonable, as there are three terms. – Anthony Grist Apr 25 '18 at 13:05
Likely six times in a normal year
The school year at Hogwarts is split into three terms: From the start of the school year until the Christmas break, after the Christmas break until the start of the Easter break, and after the Easter break until the end of the school year.
We know - as the question states - that the Hogwarts Express runs at least twice at the start and end of the school year. However, as students are permitted to return home for the Christmas and Easter breaks, it's extremely likely that the Hogwarts Express runs at the start and end of each term, which would mean it runs at least six times per year.
This seems unlikely.
There's no explicit mention in the books of Hogwarts students being permitted to leave school during term-time, except for the infrequent allowed trips to Hogsmeade (which is a relatively short walk from the school), unless their parents come and take them out of school.
There are also logistical concerns that would appear to make it not worthwhile. Students have lessons Monday through Friday, leaving only weekends when students could potentially return home on a frequent basis.
We know that the Hogwarts Express departs from King's Cross on the 1st of September at 11:00 (11am). We also know that it arrives the same day, though the exact time isn't explicitly stated in the books at any point. This means that the total travel time isn't known, but we can attempt to estimate it.
I believe that in the books it's dark when the Hogwarts Express arrives in Hogsmeade. According to this site sunset in Glasgow1 on September 1st is 20:19 (8:19pm). That would give us a minimum travel time of roughly nine and a half hours.
A travel time of nine and a half hours each way during a weekend is possible, but doesn't leave a huge amount of time in your destination (especially if you have additional travel after arriving in King's Cross). Usage would likely be low, which likely means they simply wouldn't run it at all.
Of course, nine and a half hours might be an overestimate for the total travel time (I doubt JKR consulted sunset times for September 1st when writing the books). However, even assuming the Hogwarts Express arrives early evening - around dinnertime - then the travel time is likely 7 to 8 hours, with the arrival time being between 18:00 and 19:00 (6 and 7pm). That still seems too long to make the trip worthwhile on a weekend.
1 Hogwarts isn't in Glasgow (or central Scotland), but the times shouldn't vary so wildly that it affects the estimate too much.
Presumably Four to Six Times
We know that students take the Hogwarts Express at the beginning of the year and at the end of the year, as these journeys are documented in most of the books. We also know that students can go home for the Christmas holidays, and Harry in fact does leave Hogwarts for Christmas in both Order of the Phoenix and Half-Blood Prince. In Order of the Phoenix he takes a portkey to Grimmauld Place, and takes the Knight Bus back to Hogwarts:
"You have all used a Portkey before?" asked Dumbledore, and they nodded, each reaching out to touch some part of the blackened kettle. "Good. On the count of three then... one... two..."
They were to return to Hogwarts on the Knight Bus the following day, escorted once again by Tonks and Lupin, both of whom were eating breakfast in the kitchen when Harry, Ron, and Hermione arrived there next morning.
In Half-Blood Prince we are not told how they got to the Burrow, but they return to Hogwarts via the Floo Network:
Late in the afternoon, a few days after New Year, Harry, Ron, and Ginny lined up beside the kitchen fire to return to Hogwarts. The Ministry had arranged this one-off connection to the Floo Network to return students quickly and safely to the school.
However, it would appear that these travel arrangements were an exception rather than the norm. In Order of the Phoenix they had to leave Hogwarts under emergency circumstances and wanted security on the way back; in Half-Blood Prince the Ministry apparently set up a Floo connection for security reasons as well. Indeed, earlier in the series we do find the Hogwarts Express being used for the Christmas holidays.
In Chapter Twelve of Chamber of Secrets we find the following statement:
In Deathly Hallows when the Ministry was already under Voldemort's control (so there would be no need for extra security traveling for Christmas) we again find the train used for Christmas:
Hogwarts also has Easter holidays. In all the years Harry attended Hogwarts, though, I don't believe we ever see anyone going home for Easter. However, in Prisoner of Azkaban a conversation between Fudge and Harry implies that students could go home for Easter:
"Ah, you're worrying about the reaction of your aunt and uncle?" said Fudge. "Well, I won't deny that they are extremely angry, Harry, but they are prepared to take you back next summer as long as you stay at Hogwarts for the Christmas and Easter holidays."
Harry unstuck his throat.
And in Deathly Hallows, though Harry no longer attends Hogwarts, we do hear about Malfoy and Ginny being home for the Easter holidays:
"Follow me," said Narcissa, leading the way across the hall. "My son, Draco, is home for his Easter holidays. If that is Harry Potter, he will know."
"... lucky that Ginny's on holiday. If she'd been at Hogwarts they could have taken her before we reached her. Now we know she's safe too."
However, we are not told how Ginny or Malfoy returned home. We might assume that the Hogwarts Express is used for Easter just like it is used for Christmas, but on the other hand it is possible that if so few people tend to go home for Easter then they wouldn't bother running the train.
Your Answer


text:
Plantronics was founded in 1961 when two airline pilots set out to invent an alternative to the conventional headsets of commercial aviation. Since then, Plantronics was the first headset in outer space, when astronaut Wally Schirra chose to use the MS50 for the Mercury mission, adapting the lightweight model to fit inside his helmet and Neil Armstrong walked on the moon uttering the legendary words: "That's one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind" through a Plantronics headset.
Bill Loewenthal, VP – Unified Communications Solutions, speaks with us regarding Plantronics' history, value proposition for Microsoft Lync, Their UC Toolkit (available for free on their website), what Contextual Awareness is, the Plantronics Developer Connection, and the Contextual Intelligence Applications Challenge at WPC.
Plantroncs is exhibiting in booth 344 of the Microsoft Worldwide Partners' Conference (WPC). Developers can learn more about the Contextual Intelligence Applications Challenge at _URL_
More at _URL_


Picking
From JPCT
Revision as of 21:15, 11 August 2014 by Admin (Talk | contribs)
Jump to: navigation, search
Picking
Picking in jPCT can be implemented in two ways. One of these ways is usually a bit faster but doesn't work for compiled objects, while the other one works for all objects but might be a bit slower.
The recommended way
This works with all renderers and all objects, but depending on the scene it might by a bit slower. It's the only one that is available in jPCT-AE. Unlike the former approach, this is actually a kind of collision detection, which is why it triggers collision events too. Just like above, you have to make your objects pickable. However, because it's a collision detection, this works different. Instead of using setSelectable(...), you have to use setCollisionMode(...). For example:
obj.setCollisionMode(Object3D.COLLISION_CHECK_OTHERS);
Like above, you need your 2D picking coordinates. With them, you need a direction vector in world space. This is simple:
SimpleVector dir=Interact2D.reproject2D3DWS(camera, frameBuffer, x, y).normalize();
Armed with this vector, you can now go to World and do
Object[] res=world.calcMinDistanceAndObject3D(camera.getPosition(), dir, 10000 /*or whatever*/);
The result is an Object[]-array with the Float-distance to the picked object in the first slot and the picked Object3D in the second. If nothing has been hit, the result will be [COLLISION_NONE, null].
An example
Here an example that uses the software renderer to make an object follow the mouse:
import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.event.MouseEvent;
import java.awt.event.MouseListener;
import java.awt.event.MouseMotionListener;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import com.threed.jpct.*;
import com.threed.jpct.util.Light;
public class MouseFollowDemo
 extends JFrame
 implements MouseMotionListener, MouseListener
{
 private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
 private Graphics g = null;
 private FrameBuffer fb = null;
 private World world = null;
 private Object3D plane = null;
 private Object3D ramp = null;
 private Object3D player = null;
 private Object3D cube2 = null;
 private Object3D sphere = null;
 private int mouseX = 320;
 private int mouseY = 240;
 public MouseFollowDemo()
 {
 setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
 pack();
 setSize(640, 480);
 setResizable(false);
 setLocationRelativeTo(null);
 setVisible(true);
 addMouseMotionListener(this);
 addMouseListener(this);
 g = getGraphics();
 }
 @Override
 public void mouseMoved(MouseEvent m)
 {
 mouseX = m.getX();
 mouseY = m.getY();
 }
 @Override
 public void mouseDragged(MouseEvent m)
 {
 //
 }
 @Override
 public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent e)
 {
 //
 }
 @Override
 public void mouseEntered(MouseEvent e)
 {
 //
 }
 @Override
 public void mouseExited(MouseEvent e)
 {
 //
 }
 @Override
 public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e)
 {
 //
 }
 @Override
 public void mouseReleased(MouseEvent e)
 {
 //
 }
 private void initStuff()
 {
 fb = new FrameBuffer(640, 480, FrameBuffer.SAMPLINGMODE_NORMAL);
 world = new World();
 fb.enableRenderer(IRenderer.RENDERER_SOFTWARE);
 ramp = Primitives.getCube(20);
 ramp.setAdditionalColor(Color.RED);
 plane = Primitives.getPlane(20, 10);
 plane.setAdditionalColor(Color.GREEN);
 sphere = Primitives.getSphere(30);
 sphere.setAdditionalColor(Color.CYAN);
 sphere.translate(-50, 10, 50);
 cube2 = Primitives.getCube(20);
 cube2.setAdditionalColor(Color.ORANGE);
 cube2.translate(60, -20, 60);
 plane.rotateX((float) Math.PI / 2f);
 ramp.rotateX((float) Math.PI / 2f);
 player = Primitives.getCone(3);
 player.rotateX((float) Math.PI / 2f);
 player.rotateMesh();
 player.clearRotation();
 plane.setCollisionMode(Object3D.COLLISION_CHECK_OTHERS);
 ramp.setCollisionMode(Object3D.COLLISION_CHECK_OTHERS);
 sphere.setCollisionMode(Object3D.COLLISION_CHECK_OTHERS);
 cube2.setCollisionMode(Object3D.COLLISION_CHECK_OTHERS);
 cube2.setBillboarding(true);
 world.addObject(plane);
 world.addObject(ramp);
 world.addObject(sphere);
 world.addObject(cube2);
 world.addObject(player);
 player.translate(-50, -10, -50);
 Light light = new Light(world);
 light.setPosition(new SimpleVector(0, -80, 0));
 light.setIntensity(40, 25, 22);
 world.setAmbientLight(10, 10, 10);
 world.buildAllObjects();
 }
 private void relocate()
 {
 SimpleVector pos = getWorldPosition();
 if (pos != null)
 {
 player.clearTranslation();
 player.translate(pos);
 }
 }
 private SimpleVector getWorldPosition()
 {
 SimpleVector pos = null;
 SimpleVector ray = Interact2D.reproject2D3DWS(world.getCamera(), fb, mouseX, mouseY);
 if (ray != null)
 {
 SimpleVector norm = ray.normalize(); // Just to be sure...
 float f = world.calcMinDistance(world.getCamera().getPosition(), norm, 1000);
 if (f != Object3D.COLLISION_NONE)
 {
 SimpleVector offset = new SimpleVector(norm);
 norm.scalarMul(f);
 norm = norm.calcSub(offset);
 pos = new SimpleVector(norm);
 pos.add(world.getCamera().getPosition());
 }
 }
 return pos;
 }
 private void doIt()
 throws Exception
 {
 Camera cam = world.getCamera();
 cam.moveCamera(Camera.CAMERA_MOVEOUT, 100);
 cam.moveCamera(Camera.CAMERA_MOVEUP, 160);
 cam.lookAt(plane.getTransformedCenter());
 while (true)
 {
 relocate();
 fb.clear();
 world.renderScene(fb);
 world.draw(fb);
 fb.update();
 fb.display(g);
 Thread.sleep(10);
 }
 }
 public static void main(String[] args)
 throws Exception
 {
 MouseFollowDemo cd = new MouseFollowDemo();
 cd.initStuff();
 cd.doIt();
 }
}
The old fashioned way
As said, this doesn't work on compiled objects. If you are using the software renderer only or the hardware renderer in hybrid mode (i.e. without compiled objects), it's save to use though. To use this way, you have to make the objects in questions "selectable". You can do this be calling
obj.setSelectable(Object3D.MOUSE_SELECTABLE);
on your objects. Then, you render the scene and get your picking coordinates from your input device in screen space. Most likely mouse coordinates or similar. Then you do this:
SimpleVector dir=Interact2D.reproject2D3D(camera, frameBuffer, x, y).normalize();
int[] res=Interact2D.pickPolygon(world.getVisibilityList(), dir);
In res, you'll find the object- and the polygon number (in that order), if the picking actually picked something. If not, res is null. Your picked Object3D is now
Object3D picked=world.getObject(res[0]);
Please note that there are two variants of the pickPolygon-methods. The simple one (see above) makes unselectable objects act as a block to the picking ray, i.e. even if an object isn't selectable


text:
Fertility and outcome of pregnancy were assessed in all 78 women below 40 years of age in a total, unselected series of patients with Crohn's disease, diagnosed during a 17-year period and consecutively treated with resectional surgery, in most cases at an early stage. The median follow-up time after the primary operation was 12.8 years. During the observation time there were 87 pregnancies in 44 patients. Neither the number of live births, nor the frequency of abortions differed from that expected in the general population. There was no still birth. The localization of the disease was not significant. In conclusion, there were no indications of any negative influence of surgical intervention.
Bibliografisk informationThe information about affiliations in this record was updated in December 2015.
The record was previously connected to the following departments: Emergency medicine/Medicine/Surgery (013240200), Surgery Research Unit (013242220), Obstetric, Gynaecological and Prenatal Ultrasound Research Unit (013242720)

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Words under the lens: English word "THATCHED" is
from Turkish "OT ÇATIDI"
The following picture shows a replica of an iron-aged "thatched" roof in a Butser Ancient Farm,
A replica Ironage thatched roof, Butser Ancient Farm,
The English word THATCHED is described as being from "thatch: a roof covering of straw, reeds, palm leaves, or a similar material." [From
The word THATCHED, rearranged as "T-CHATHDE", (where the Greek letter H can be an H, I, or E as required for restructuring words of Turkish), is the restructured and anagrammatized form of the Turkish expression "OT ÇATIDI" meaning "it is roof made of grass, leaves, straw, reeds, etc.". This Turkish definition is the same as the above dictionary definition for the English word THATCHED.
Turkish word OT means "grass, plant", ÇATI means "roof" and ÇATIDI means "it is roof".
This is another example showing how many English language words, like the words of all other so-called "Indo-European" languages, were made up from Turkish words and descriptive phrases by way of altering, restructuring and disguising. Those linguists who search for the truth about the makeup of languages should take note of this. The Turkish language was the original mathematically structured mother/father language that was used as a linguistic data base for most other languages.
Best wishes to all,


text:
AR Statement Summary
This report is useful to send to your clients to inform them of outstanding invoices left in the system. This report works much like the aging report in respect to showing you the current open invoices as of the 'End Date' entered.
To run this report for all current open invoices, enter today's date as the 'End Date' parameter.
1. End Date: The date in which you want to view the statement for. If you want to view a statement of open invoices that were unpaid as of last year, put in a date for last year. If you want open invoices as of yesterday put in yesterday's date.
2. Customer ID: Enter a specific customer id to view the statement for that customer only.
3. Include Zero Balance Invoices: Allows you to filter if you want to show invoices that have been paid off and have a zero dollar balance on them or if you just want to show invoices that have a remaining balance on them.
4. Customer Name: Enter the customer name that you want to view this statement for.
5. Sort By: Select from an array of fields to sort the data within the specified group. Has the following options:
a. Invoice Date
b. Invoice Number
c. Invoice Amount
d. Balance Due


How to Clear the App World Cache on Your BlackBerry
See your app updates quicker on BlackBerry 10
What to Know
 - If you have a SureType or QWERTY keyboard, launch App World and type rst while holding Alt. Your applications will be refreshed.
 - For BlackBerry Storm (touchscreen) devices: Launch App World, hold the device in landscape mode, and activate the on-screen keyboard.
 - Then, press and hold the ?!123 buttons until it locks. Type the following characters in sequence: 34( to clear the cache.
This article explains how to clear the App World application's cache on your BlackBerry, which often solves update-downloading problems. Instructions apply to devices running BlackBerry OS. If you're using a newer, Android-based BlackBerry device, then you shouldn't have these issues.
How to Clear the App World Cache on a BlackBerry With a Keyboard
If your device has a SureType or a QWERTY keyboard, launch App World, then type rst while holding the alt key.
Once you perform the reset, App World will close. The next time you launch it and select My World, you will be prompted to re-enter your BlackBerry ID (which was previously cached), and your list of applications will be refreshed.
Person using a Blackberry device
Lifewire / Elise Degarmo
How to Clear the App World Cache on BlackBerry Storm Devices
The process is different for BlackBerry devices with a touchscreen:
 1. Launch App World.
 2. Hold the device in landscape mode, and then activate the on-screen keyboard.
 3. Press and hold the ?!123 buttons until it locks.
 4. Type the following characters in sequence: 34(
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text:
A shell flute was a shell drilled with a pattern of holes which was used by members of the sentient aquatic Mairan species to communicate in their native language. To use the flute, a Mairan individual would place the drilled side of the shell against its blowhole and play the music-like notes of the Mairan language. In 23 ABY, when Tenel Ka, the Hapan-Dathomiri princess, was staying on Reef Fortress Island on the planet Hapes, she used the translator droid M-TD to speak with a Mairan ambassador who was using a shell flute.
Behind the scenesEdit
- Young Jedi Knights: Lightsabers (First appearance)


Hen shoots farmer in Monaghan
Published: 7 March 1914
A farmer has died following a bizarre shooting incident at a farmhouse between Ballybay and Castleblaney, Co. Monaghan.
The farmer, Laurence Connolly, was taking out his gun to shoot magpies that had been taking eggs from the hen roosts when a hen ran across him. The gun struck the hen and discharged itself into the body of Mr. Connolly. He died several hours later.
Mr. Connolly had amassed considerable wealth in his youth in America. He married following his return to Ireland but his new wife died suddenly shortly afterwards.
He subsequently lived with his brother and it was at their farm that the incident occurred.
Century Ireland


poppycock meaning in hindi
Pronunciation of poppycock
poppycock Definitions and meaning in English
 1. senseless talk
 2. nonsense
poppycock Sentences in English
 1. ऊटपटांग = nonsense
 You're talking complete poppycock!
Tags: poppycock meaning in hindi, poppycock ka matalab hindi me, hindi meaning of poppycock, poppycock meaning dictionary. poppycock in hindi. Translation and meaning of poppycock in English hindi dictionary. Provided by KitkatWords.com: a free online English hindi picture dictionary.


text: Snowballs are transient events observed in HgCdTe detectors with a sudden increase of charge in a few pixels. They appear between consecutive reads of the detector, after which the affected pixels return to their normal behavior. The origin of the snowballs is unknown, but it was speculated that they could be the result of alpha decay of naturally radioactive contaminants in the detectors, but a cosmic ray origin cannot be ruled out. Even though previous studies predicted a low rate of occurrence of these events, and consequently, a minimal impact on science, it is interesting to investigate the cause or causes that may generate snowballs and their impact in detectors designed for future missions. We searched for the presence of snowballs in the dark current data in Euclid and Wide Field Infrared Survey Telescope (WFIRST) detectors tested in the Detector Characterization Laboratory at Goddard Space Flight Center. Our investigation shows that for Euclid and WFIRST detectors, there are snowballs that appear only one time, and others than repeat in the same spatial localization. For Euclid detectors, there is a correlation between the snowballs that repeat and bad pixels in the operational masks (pixels that do not fulfill the requirements to pass spectroscopy, photometry noise, quantum efficiency, and/or linearity). The rate of occurrence for a snowball event is about 0.9 snowballs/hr. in Euclid detectors (for the ones that do not have associated bad pixels in the mask), and about 0.7 snowballs/hr. in PV3 Full Array Lot WFIRST detectors.


Printmaking at KCAI
Art history lecture at KCAI (02:25)
Professor Michele Fricke lectures on art and architecture in Renaissance Italy and, in this brief excerpt, shares a description of what it's like to paint with bistre ink.
Ceramics at KCAI
Motion graphics
 Motion graphics takes 2-D graphic design to the next level by incorporating 3-D layering, motion, film and sound. Given a simple theme, students are tasked with developing dynamic graphic...
Electronic game design
 Within the electronic game design concentration of the digital media major, students work on a wide range of gaming assests including characters, vehicles and environments.
A how-to session on kiln-fired glass
Ceramics professor George Timock talks about his class on kiln-fired glass.
PCAL - What's it like?
Students describe their experience during Pre-College ArtLab, a three-week summer residential program for high school students from all over the country.
Student profile: Nevena Durlova
Nevena Durlova, a graduate of the animation department at KCAI, talks about her experiences as an animation major.


text:
- College of Sciences
Dr. Joanna Mishtal
The Medical Anthropology minor develops students' understanding of health from the perspective of human cultural and biological diversity. Current trends in education and employment show a growing need for medical anthropology knowledge and expertise in a variety of national and international career directions. This Minor therefore prepares students for future graduate studies and work in health professions, including medicine, global health, nursing, and social work.
- The minor is not open to anthropology majors.
- Students must earn a grade of "C" (2.0) or better in all courses used to satisfy the minor.
- At least 15 hours used in the minor must be earned at UCF within the Department of Anthropology.
- Only two anthropology courses can overlap for students enrolled in multiple anthropology programs (minors or certificates). (Note: The myKnight Audit cannot capture overlapping courses between two or more programs; therefore, students should have their program reviewed by the department before filing for graduation.)
- Students must satisfy each course's prerequisites before enrolling in the class.
Tuition and Fees
$212.28 per credit hour
The approximate tuition cost for one year in this program at UCF based on a full time schedule (30 credit hours per year)


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This paper discusses a quantitative method for the study of historical keyboard tunings that is based on a measure of the perceived dissonance of the intervals in a tuning and their frequency of occurrence in the compositions of Domenico Scarlatti (_PHONE_). We conclude that the total dissonance of a large volume of music is a useful tool for the studies of keyboard instrument tuning in a historical context, although it is insufficient by itself. Its use provides significant evidence that Scarlatti used French tunings of his period during the composition of his sonatas. Use of total dissonance to optimize a 12-tone tuning for a historical body of music can produce musically valuable results, but must at present be tempered with musical judgment, in particular to prevent overspecialization of the intervals.
This study of possible scales used by Domenico Scarlatti first appeared in the Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, in April 1997, and some of the ideas are further developed in Tuning Timbre Spectrum Scale,. John has made MIDI recordings of all 500+ of Scarlatti's sonatas, and has generously placed them in downloadable form here.
To get to my homepage, click here.


text:
Twenty years ago this weekend, central Georgia experienced the massive flooding from Tropical Storm Alberto. The current 24 hour rainfall record for Georgia, 21.10 inches, fell in Americus on July 6, 1994 during the storm. The extreme rainfall caused tremendous devastation in Macon, Montezuma, Albany and other areas in central and southwest Georgia. Here are a couple of stories about the flood:
Remember, tropical storms can cause as much damage as hurricanes if they stall out. A rough rule of thumb for calculating the rainfall from a tropical storm is to take 100 and divide it by the forward speed of the storm (not the speed of the winds around the center of circulation). Thus a storm moving at 3 miles per hour has a potential of dropping 100/3=33 inches of rainfall as the storm moves over an area.


module NLP.GenI.Automaton
 ( NFA(..),
 addTrans, lookupTrans,
 automatonPaths, automatonPathSets,
 numStates, numTransitions )
import qualified Data.Map as Map
import Data.Maybe (catMaybes)
import NLP.GenI.General (combinations)
\end{code} This module provides a simple, naive implementation of nondeterministic finite automata (NFA). The transition function consists of a Map, but there are also accessor function which help you query the automaton without worrying about how it's implemented. \begin{enumerate} \item The states are a list of lists, not just a simple flat list as you might expect. This allows you to optionally group your states into ''columns'' (which is something we use in the GenI polarity automaton optimisation). If you don't want columns, you can just make one big group out of all your states. \item We model the empty an empty transition as the transition on Nothing. All other transitions are Just something. \item I'd love to reuse some other library out there, but Leon P. Smith's Automata library requires us to know before-hand the size of our alphabet, which is highly unacceptable for this task. \end{enumerate} \begin{code}
-- | Note: there are two ways to define the final states.
-- 1. you may define them as a list of states in finalStList
-- 2. you may define them via the isFinalSt function
-- The state list is ignored if you define 'isFinalSt'
data NFA st ab = NFA
 { startSt :: st
 , isFinalSt :: Maybe (st -> Bool)
 , finalStList :: [st]
 -- see chapter comments about list of list
 , states :: [[st]]
finalSt :: NFA st ab -> [st]
finalSt aut =
 case isFinalSt aut of
 Nothing -> finalStList aut
\end{code} \fnlabel{lookupTrans} takes an automaton, a state \fnparam{st1} and an element \fnparam{ab} of the alphabet; and returns the state that \fnparam{st1} transitions to via \fnparam{a}, if possible. \begin{code}
 where subT = Map.findWithDefault Map.empty st (transitions aut)
\end{code} \begin{code}
addTrans :: (Ord ab, Ord st) => NFA st ab -> st -> Maybe ab -> st -> NFA st ab
addTrans aut st1 ab st2 =
 aut { transitions = Map.insert st1 newSubT oldT }
 where oldT = transitions aut
 oldSubT = Map.findWithDefault Map.empty st1 oldT
 newSubT = Map.insertWith (++) st2 [ab] oldSubT
\end{code} % ---------------------------------------------------------------------- \section{Exploiting automata} % ---------------------------------------------------------------------- \fnlabel{automatonPaths} returns all possible paths through an automaton. Each path is represented as a list of labels. We assume that the automaton does not have any loops in it. Maybe it would still work if there were loops, with lazy evaluation, but I haven't had time to think this through, so only try it unless you're feeling adventurous. FIXME: we should write some unit tests and quickchecks for this \begin{code}
-- | Not quite the set of all paths, but the sets of all transitions
--- FIXME: explain later
automatonPathSets aut = helper (startSt aut)
 transFor st = Map.lookup st (transitions aut)
 helper st = case transFor st of
 Nothing -> []
 Just subT -> concat [ (next (catMaybes tr) st2) | (st2, tr) <- Map.toList subT ]
 next tr st2 = case helper st2 of
 [] -> [[tr]]
 res -> map (tr :) res
\end{code} \begin{code}
numStates, numTransitions :: NFA st ab -> Int
numStates = sum. (map length). states


Antonyms of UNSTABLE
Examples of usage:
 1. Man seems the unstable thing, Fevered and hurrying. "Poems" by Muriel Stuart
 2. Further out they are unstable. "LRL Accelerators The 184-Inch Synchrocyclotron" by Lawrence Radiation Laboratory
 3. It is safer and swifter to ride the magnetic currents than it is to ride the unstable currents of the air. "Astounding Stories of Super-Science, March 1930" by Various
Alphabet Filter:


text:
Sacred chants are Ada Franklin's power and her medicine. By saying them, she can remove warts, stanch bleeding, and draw the fire from burns. At age twenty, her reputation as a faith healer defines her in her rural Pennsylvania community. But on the day in 1953 that her family's barn is consumed by flame, her identity as a healer is upended. The heat, the roar of the blaze, and the bellows of the trapped cows change Ada. For the first time, she fears death and—for the first time—she doubts God. With her belief goes her power to heal. Then Ada meets an agnostic named Will Burk and his pet raven, Cicero.
Fire Is Your Water is acclaimed memoirist Jim Minick's first novel. Built on magical realism and social observation in equal measure, it never gives way to sentimentality and provides an insider's glimpse into the culture of Appalachia. A jealous raven, a Greek chorus of one, punctuates the story with its judgments on the characters and their actions, until a tragic accident brings Ada and Will together in a deeper connection.


text:
// Variablen // To Do: make Map Object $mapType = 'ROADMAP'; //ROADMAP, SATELLITE, HYBRID, TERRAIN $mapCenterLat = 51.1519; $mapCenterLon = 10.4405; // To Do: make Options object //$coords = array(); $_max_lon = -_PHONE_; $_min_lon = _PHONE_; $_max_lat = -_PHONE_; $_min_lat = _PHONE_; $zoom_encompass = true; $bounds_fudge = 0.1; $center_lon = null; $origin_str = ''; $distination_str = ''; $direction = true; $direction = false; $_direction = true; $dirs = 0;?>
The shortest distance (air line) between Brussels and Ridderkerk is 71.52 mi (115.10 km).Driving route: ()
The shortest route between Brussels and Ridderkerk is according to the route planner. The driving time is approx.. Half of the Reiseroute is reached in.Bearing: 8.48° (N)
The initial bearing on the course from Brussels to Ridderkerk is 8.48° and the compass direction is N.Midpoint: 51.35795,4.47696
The geographic midpoint between Brussels and Ridderkerk is in 35.76 mi (57.55 km) distance between both points in a bearing of 8.48°. It is located in België, Flanders, Antwerp, Antwerp, Kalmthout (België - Belgique - Belgien, Vlaanderen, Antwerpen, Antwerpen, Kalmthout).Time difference: 0h
Brussels and Ridderkerk are both in the same time zone Europe/Brussels.
To calculate the distance between Brussels and Ridderkerk, the place names are converted into coordinates (latitude and longitude). The respective geographic center is used for cities, regions and countries. To calculate the distance the Haversine formula is applied.
How far is it? Distance calculation, worldwide, online and for free.The distance calculator Distance.to shows not only the distance between Brussels and Ridderkerk. It knows every distance between almost every location. Powered by Google Maps.
Help making this service available to everyone in the world and translate distance.to into other languages. Translate now!


Saturday, May 20, 2017
Decrypting a SAML Assertion in OpenSAML v3
As you probably should know at this point, the SAML Assertion contains the description of a authenticated user and how it was autheunticitoted. The assertion is generally signed to prevent manipulation but there are also cases where you would want to encrypt the assertion to prevent someone to see the information within. For example the assertion can be used to communicate personal information about the user such as social security number and adress.
As most people reading my blog seem to be on the SP side of SAML I will explain how to decrypt an assertion.
The general method of encryption and subsequent decryption of a assertion uses two keys, one symetric and on asymetric.
The symtric key is generated during encryption and used to encrypt the actual assertion data. A asymetric key, generally a SP key contained in the metadata, is then used to encrypt the symetric key which is then stored in the XML together with the ecrypted assertion.
To decrypt the reverse of this is done. The asymmetric is used to decrypt the symmetric key, which is then used to decrypt the assertion.
Now for the OpenSAML part.
First we get the assertion from the XML. The assertion is stored in a EncryptedAssertion object and is retrieved with the method getEncryptedAssertions() on the response instead of getAssertions() which is used otherwise.
StaticKeyInfoCredentialResolver keyInfoCredentialResolver = new StaticKeyInfoCredentialResolver(SPCredentials.getCredential());
Decrypter decrypter = new Decrypter(null, keyInfoCredentialResolver, new InlineEncryptedKeyResolver());
In this example a StaticKeyInfoCredentialResolver is used to point out the key that is used for decryption, in this case I have stored it in the static class SPCredentials. The InlineEncryptedKeyResolver is used to tell the decryptor that the symmetric encryption key can be found in the XML next to the encrypted assertion.
The decryptor returns a decrypted Assertion object.
Some NameID value
 1. Hi Stefan,
 I have bought your book and with the help of that, i could integrate my web application using openSaml version 3.
 Now i have a different use case to implement, my company has a desktop application implemented in.Net, we want to enable SAML based sso for this application as well, i googled various sources but neither helped me. So we have arrived at our ow n idea to implement this.
 With the help of the already implemented web app, we are going to open an embedded browser from desktop which calls the url in which we create SAML request, once the IDP responds back with assertions we will return an loginid to the desktop app to authenticate. I will use the same saml request servlet and saml response consumer servlet for both web app and desktop, but for desktop i will redirect to another servlet which writes loginid in servlet response. So basic thing i need is a way to send a saml resuest with an identifier identifies application and the same identifier responed back by IDP in Saml response ( may be SAML request with assertion attribute and the same returned by IDP in saml response)
 WebAPP --> SAML request xml (without identifier )--> SAML repsonse(without identifier) <--IDP
 Desktop --> WebApp --> (SAML request xml (with identifier as from desktop ) --> SAML response ((with identifier as from desktop) <--- IDP
 Here the identifier may be custom assertion/any saml request attribute which can be send as it is from IDP in response
 1. Sound like you could set a RelayState parameter on the SAML request URL going out. This should be echoed back in the response.
 However you should think twice on you acrobatics with the second servlet where you take in a assertion and return user id in the servlet response.
 If you blindly trust what is returned in the response it might be easy to by pass the authentication by just inserting another user id.
 2. Thanks Stefan,I will try relaystate and let you know. By the way the loginid mentioned is not user ID it's a n encrypted id which includes various other parameters which is specific to application
 3. Hi Stefan,
 I bought your book yesterday and following it with the sample project given in the book as well. Could you please let me know if there is a separate book from IDP point since it's not covered here. If not any other sources, sample projects you can redirect me to is greatly appreciated
 1. Hi, Im sorry, I do not have any other book on the subject and Im not aware of any sample project. Sorry hope you find what you need
 4. Hi Stefan -- I'm using this sample code to decrypt an assertion from okta and it's not working out. would you have any advice?
 1. oh - got it solved by using a chaining resolver. though I'm not fully sure what happened.
 2. I have a similar issue on my system on my unit tests. I changed it to add the chaining resolver, but I still have the same error. Are you using the same key for both encryption and decryption like Stefan's example on the book?


text:
"We will do everything in our power to prevent this unprecedented state-sanctioned discrimination from becoming law in Ireland," Lawfare Project Executive Director Brooke Goldstein vowed.
By: United with Israel Staff
The Lawfare Project, a pro-Israel legal advocacy group, is taking legal action against the anti-Israel boycott legislation in Ireland, which experts and advocates are describing as the most aggressive boycott measure targeting Israel in European history.
The Control of Economic Activity (Occupied Territories) Bill 2018 passed its initial vote in the Irish Senate on Wednesday. The measure would make it a criminal offense in Ireland, punishable by a fine of up to €250,000 ($292,000) or up to five years in prison, for a person "to import or sell goods or services originating in an occupied territory or to extract resources from an occupied territory in certain circumstances; and to provide for related matters."
The bill seeks to outlaw the supply of any goods or services produced even only partially by any Israeli when he is present, even temporarily, beyond the pre-1967 lines in Judea and Samaria. It applies to merchandise sold not only in Ireland, but anywhere in the world if any person involved is an Irish citizen or resident or an Irish company.
Pressure on International Companies
If it becomes law, the bill could have significant implications for major American companies with Irish divisions or subsidiaries, such as Airbnb and Apple, whose global sales outside the US are taxed in Ireland and whose Irish subsidiary, "Apple Distribution International LTD," paid $1.5 billion Irish corporation tax from 2014–2016.
Complying with an Irish ban on commerce with Israeli companies based in Judea and Samaria would violate US anti-boycott laws, which require American firms to refuse participation in foreign boycotts that the US does not sanction, and it could result in substantial fines for those companies.
The bill would also subject companies to US state-level sanctions, violate European Union and international law and threaten Ireland's economic links to the US.
According to the American Chamber of Commerce Ireland, some 700 US companies employ over 150,000 people in Ireland. Similarly, some 227 Irish companies employ an estimated 120,000 people in the US.
When the bill was debated in the Irish Senate in January, The Lawfare Project's Spanish counsel, Ignacio Palacios, filed a complaint arguing that the Irish bill, if enacted, would violate foreign trade competencies that belong exclusively to the European Union.
In the aftermath of Wednesday's vote, The Lawfare Project will continue to pursue legal action, and Palacios will submit further arguments, developed together with Jonathan Turner of UK Lawyers for Israel.
'An Impossible Position'
"The Irish bill would enact an official, highly aggressive anti-Israel boycott policy within a national government that targets individuals not based on their conduct, but on their national origin and place of residence. That specific scenario had not materialized before," Palacios said. "If there is no outside pressure against this bill, it might likely pass, as it has the support of most of the lawmakers in Ireland's senate. That is why The Lawfare Project is committed to bringing legal actions addressing this crucial issue."
Addressing the legislation's impact on American commerce, Palacios explained, "The presence and taxes paid by the subsidiaries of US technology companies are critical for the economy of Ireland: Apple, Google, Microsoft, Facebook, Dell, Oracle, and SanDisk are ranked high among the top 20 Irish companies, with total turnouts of €192.5 billion in 2016. Those companies would face an impossible position between abiding by an Irish law that would mandate discriminatory business conduct against foreign individuals under the threat of imprisonment, and compliance with the anti-boycott provisions of the US Departments of Commerce and Treasury."
'Unprecedented State-sanctioned Discrimination'
Lawfare Project Executive Director Brooke Goldstein said, "We are determined to expose the illegality of the Irish boycott bill under European law, as well as the unnecessary damage that it will inflict on US companies operating in Ireland. Commercial discrimination on the basis of nationality is shameful in any form, but it is particularly frightening when it emanates from the halls of government—from the same lawmakers who were elected to protect the legal rights of their constituents. We will do everything in our power to prevent this unprecedented state-sanctioned discrimination from becoming law in Ireland."
Israel's Foreign Ministry stated after the vote that "the Irish Senate has given its support to a populist, dangerous and extremist anti-Israel boycott initiative that hurts the chances of dialogue between Israel and the Palestinians. It will have a negative impact on the diplomatic process in the Middle East."
Main Victims: Palestinian Employees
"The absurd in the Irish Senate's initiative is that it will harm the livelihoods of many Palestinians who work in the Israeli industrial zones affected by the boycott," the statement said. Previous such boycotts attempts have forced Israelis companies to relocate. The Israeli companies thrived, while its Palestinian employees lost their jobs.
"Israel will consider its response in accordance with developments regarding this legislation," the statement concluded.


text:
Georgia -(Ammoland.com)- Amphibians and reptiles benefited when John Jensen abandoned a geology degree and returned to school to study biology.
The switch led Jensen to a nearly 19-year career as a Georgia Department of Natural Resources biologist, and national recognition this week for his work conserving species varying from gopher tortoises to eastern indigo snakes, a realm of wildlife sometimes overlooked and often under-appreciated.
Partners in Amphibian and Reptile Conservation named Jensen as the 2015 recipient of the Alison Haskell Award for Excellence in Herpetofaunal Conservation. Presented Tuesday at the North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference in Omaha, Neb., the award honors a person in North America who shows extraordinary commitment to conserving reptiles, amphibians and their habitats.
Jensen, a herpetologist and senior biologist with the DNR Wildlife Resources Division's Nongame Conservation Section, was noted for efforts that included promoting law changes protecting native freshwater turtles, forging herp-focused conservation partnerships, and starting and coordinating a citizen-science project that mapped the distribution of amphibians and reptiles in Georgia.
Nongame Conservation Section Chief Jon Ambrose listed other examples – Jensen serving as lead editor of the book "Amphibians and Reptiles of Georgia," his key role in developing a Southeast strategy for conserving gopher tortoises and his help converting rattlesnake roundups to beneficial wildlife festivals, including the Claxton Rattlesnake & Wildlife Festival scheduled for this weekend.
"This award is in recognition of John's important contributions to the conservation of reptiles and amphibians in Georgia," Ambrose said.
For Jensen, of Monticello, it began with enjoying animals he "could actually catch with bare hands, especially those that also required getting in the water with."
Yet after studying geology in college because he didn't think he could "make a living working with critters," Jensen realized his true calling. Herps and heart won out over rocks.
He helped plan and launch Partners in Amphibian and Reptile Conservation in 1999, and 16 years later is being lauded by the organization for his "contributions to herpetofaunal conservation, leadership roles and ability to build effective partnerships," a record the steering committee called "impressive."
In a letter supporting Jensen's nomination, Zoo Atlanta Herpetological Research Director Joe Mendelson wrote, "I can truthfully say that I have not encountered a more productive and encouraging colleague in any state or federal agency than John Jensen."
The award is named in memory of Alison Haskell, a noted herpetologist and the first federal agencies coordinator for Partners in Amphibian and Reptile Conservation.
The DNR Nongame Conservation Section works to Georgia's other rare and endangered animals and native plants. However, the agency receives no state general funds for its conservation programs, depending instead on fundraisers, grants and donations.
The public can help by purchasing a nongame wildlife license plate – a bald eagle or ruby-throated hummingbird – or renewing an older eagle or "hummer" plate. Thanks to a law change, upgrading to a wildlife plate costs only $25 more than a standard tag, and most of the fee is dedicated to wildlife.
Supporters can also contribute through the Georgia Wildlife Conservation Fund checkoff on their state income tax forms. Every contribution helps. Details at _URL_
MORE ON THE NET


%0 Conference Paper %B Joint International Semantic Technology Conference %D 2015 %T Alignment Aware Linked Data Compression %A Joshi, Amit Krishna %A Pascal Hitzler %A Dong, Guozhu %X
The success of linked data has resulted in a large amount of data being generated in a standard RDF format. Various techniques have been explored to generate a compressed version of RDF datasets for archival and transmission purpose. However, these compression techniques are designed to compress a given dataset without using any external knowledge, either through a compact representation or removal of semantic redundancies present in the dataset. In this paper, we introduce a novel approach to compress RDF datasets by exploiting alignments present across various datasets at both instance and schema level. Our system generates lossy compression based on the confidence value of relation between the terms. We also present a comprehensive evaluation of the approach by using reference alignment from OAEI.
%B Joint International Semantic Technology Conference %G eng


text:
Definition of Uninviting:
disagreeable, not pleasant
Synonyms of Uninviting:
Opposite/Antonyms of Uninviting:
Sentence/Example of Uninviting:
If its exterior were uninviting, the scene as we entered was sinister.
Slowly the vessels coasted along the uninviting shore, looking in vain for any inlet or any river's mouth.
The scenery of the river is flat and uninviting, but eminently characteristic.
The surface of Greenland was cold, dreary, and uninviting to a degree.
The culs-de-sac, uninviting to eye and nose, were as Italian as the church.
Somehow or other the church looked cold and raw and uninviting.
It seemed as though it feared to rise in the grey, damp, uninviting atmosphere.
There are high and uninviting quaternary bluffs that lure only the eye.
The companions peered through the door at the uninviting interior.
The whole covered with tufts of spinifex, barren, wretched, and uninviting.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
What is the lowest pressure at which plants can survive? How the plants behave in a Martian-type atmosphere? Is there any plant that can survive such atmosphere?
Can a lichen grow at Martian pressure?
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Are you referring to total air pressure or partial pressures of oxygen and carbon dioxide? – Larry_Parnell Feb 29 '12 at 13:15
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1 Answer
I like your question!
Low surface pressure on Mars (averaging 600 Pa or about 1/170 of Earth's at sea level) is only one difficulty that an organism would have to contend with. In addition, mean surface temperatures are ~210 K (-63 C), the surface ultraviolet flux is extremely high (no ozone layer) and an aridity comparable to the Atacama desert. On the plus side, a 95% CO2 atmosphere might promote photosynthesis.
So, higher plants are extremely unlikely to prosper on Mars. Purely in terms of pressure, experiments suggest that at 1/10 Earth atmospheric pressure vascular plant transpiration increases significantly. So much so that they enter into a drought response which often leads to plant death.
However, lichens may be another matter. These are often adapted to low precipitation/pressure environments such as high mountains. Indeed, this article addresses exactly your question (sadly it is not open access). The authors suggest that the lichen Xanthoria elegans experiences no loss in vitality after 22 days exposure to laboratory Mars-like conditions (low pressure, low temperature etc.)!
Having skimmed this article I am frankly amazed (and slightly dubious) at the result. However, it should be noted that they only ran the experiment for 22 days, applied no ionising radiation (to simulate the high UV flux) and make little mention of the precise metabolic state of the lichen. If it has entered into cryptobiosis (cessation of metabolic processes) then it can't exactly be regarded as prospering.
 - de Vera et al., 2010, Astrobiology, 10, 2, Survival Potential and Photosynthetic Activity of Lichens Under Mars-Like Conditions : A Laboratory Study
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text:
The Sewerage and Water Board of New Orleans (SWBNO) aims to reduce energy consumption and enhance operational efficiency. The FUSE Executive Fellow will analyze energy usage, identify energy reduction opportunities, and lead energy efficiency projects, ultimately transforming SWBNO into a more sustainable and cost-effective agency that better serves the community.
Fellowship Dates: October 23, 2023 – October 21, 2024
Salary: Executive Fellows are FUSE employees and receive an annual base salary of $80,000. Fellows can also access various health, dental, and vision insurance benefits. Compensation for this year of public service is not intended to represent market-rate compensation for the experienced professionals in our program.
ABOUT THE FUSE EXECUTIVE FELLOWSHIP
FUSE is a national nonprofit working to expand social and economic opportunities, particularly for communities that have been limited by a history of systemic and institutionalized racism. FUSE partners with local governments and communities to more effectively address pressing challenges by placing experienced professionals within city and county agencies. These FUSE Executive Fellows lead strategic projects designed to advance racial equity and accelerate systems change. Since 2012, FUSE has led over 250 projects in 40 governments across 20 states, impacting the lives of 25 million people.
When designing each fellowship project, FUSE works closely with government partners and local stakeholders to define a scope of work that will achieve substantive progress toward regional priorities. FUSE then conducts an individualized search for each project to ensure that the selected candidate has at least 15 years of professional experience, the required competencies for the role, and deep connections to the communities being served. They are data-driven and results-oriented and can effectively manage complex projects by developing actionable roadmaps and monitoring progress to completion.
Executive Fellows are hired as FUSE employees and embedded in government agencies for at least one year of full-time work. They receive training, coaching, and professional support from FUSE throughout their fellowships to help achieve their project goals. FUSE Executive Fellows bring diverse perspectives and new approaches to their projects. They build strong relationships with diverse arrays of stakeholders, foster alignment within and across various layers of government, and build partnerships between governments and communities.
The Sewerage and Water Board of New Orleans (SWBNO) is a vital local government utility responsible for providing safe drinking water, treating wastewater, and managing stormwater runoff to prevent extensive flooding. To fulfill these crucial functions, SWBNO operates six major campuses and 122 pumping stations across the city, employing hundreds of workers and maintaining a fleet of vehicles.
Given its scale, SWBNO's facilities consume substantial electrical power. While the agency has made efforts to enhance energy efficiency, such as installing energy-efficient lighting, larger opportunities for energy savings remain untapped. Smart building management systems, major building system overhauls, and on-site solar energy generation have not been fully explored due to limited capacity within the agency. SWBNO's leadership is committed to reducing the organization's overall energy consumption. Fortunately, funds are available from Entergy, the local electric utility, to support or heavily subsidize various energy efficiency projects. Furthermore, emerging federal programs may provide funding for solar panel installations.
By reducing energy consumption, SWBNO can serve the community more cost-effectively and make significant progress toward operating in an environmentally sustainable manner. The agency is also concerned about creating better working conditions for its employees. Energy efficiency initiatives hold the potential to improve work environments by providing enhanced lighting and climate control, thereby enhancing the quality of work life.
To analyze energy consumption and implement projects that reduce energy use, SWBNO will collaborate with FUSE. The appointed FUSE Executive Fellow will engage with agency stakeholders, gather and analyze energy usage data, and develop a prioritized list of opportunities for energy reduction. Subsequently, the Executive Fellow will initiate the implementation of these improvements. A successful Executive Fellow will play a pivotal role in reducing the energy footprint of this significant public utility, resulting in a more efficient agency that better serves the community.
PROJECT SUMMARY & POTENTIAL DELIVERABLES
The following provides a general overview of the proposed fellowship project. This project summary and the potential deliverables will be collaboratively revisited by the host agency, the fellow, and FUSE staff during the first few months of the fellowship.
Beginning in October 2023, the Executive Fellow will engage with agency stakeholders, gather and analyze energy usage data, and develop a prioritized list of opportunities for energy reduction. They will then lead the initial implementation of these improvements, working towards reducing the energy footprint of SWBNO and enhancing its overall efficiency.
To ensure the sustainability and long-term impact of the fellowship work, the Executive Fellow will employ several strategies. They will actively engage with SWBNO staff, looking to identify training and resource opportunities to empower employees in understanding and maintaining energy efficiency measures. This knowledge will enable SWBNO to continue managing and improving energy consumption beyond the fellowship. The Fellow will also build relationships among stakeholders, including agency leadership, staff, and external partners, fostering collaboration and ensuring ongoing support for energy efficiency efforts. Regular meetings, updates, and engagement activities will promote a sustainable culture within SWBNO. Additionally, the Fellow will establish monitoring and evaluation mechanisms to track project performance, collect data, measure energy reduction, and assess cost savings and environmental benefits. Sharing these findings with SWBNO leadership will help to demonstrate the value of the initiatives and inform future decision-making.
By October 2024, the Executive Fellow will have overseen the following:
- Comprehensive Energy Consumption Analysis: The Executive Fellow will thoroughly analyze SWBNO's energy consumption, gathering data from various sources and engaging with agency stakeholders. This analysis will provide a comprehensive understanding of the current energy usage patterns, identifying areas of inefficiency and opportunities for improvement. By evaluating the energy consumption across SWBNO's facilities, including major campuses, pumping stations, and buildings, the Fellow can develop a holistic approach to energy reduction.
- Prioritized List of Energy Reduction Opportunities: Based on the findings from the energy consumption analysis, the Executive Fellow will develop a prioritized list of opportunities for energy reduction. This list will identify specific projects and initiatives with the highest energy savings and operational efficiency potential. The Fellow will consider financial feasibility, environmental impact, and scalability factors to ensure that the recommended opportunities align with SWBNO's goals and resources. The prioritized list will serve as a roadmap for the implementation phase.
- Implementation of Energy Efficiency Projects: The Executive Fellow will play a pivotal role in implementing the identified energy efficiency projects. They will work closely with SWBNO staff, external partners, and contractors to being to execute the recommended initiatives effectively. This may involve overseeing the installation of energy-efficient systems, coordinating the integration of smart building management systems, exploring the use of solar energy for on-site power generation, and facilitating upgrades to major building systems. The Fellow will ensure that the projects are executed efficiently, within budget, and in line with the sustainability goals of SWBNO.
- Executive Sponsor – Ghassan Korban, Executive Director; Sewerage & Water Board
- Project Supervisor – Stephen Nelson, Deputy General Superintendent of Engineering and Services; Sewerage & Water Board
In addition to the qualifications listed below, a facility or property management background is strongly preferred for this project. Knowledge of public procurement or energy efficiency would be a plus, but is not required.
- Synthesizes complex information into clear and concise recommendations and action-oriented implementation plans.
- Develops and effectively implements both strategic and operational project management plans.
- Generates innovative, data-driven, and result-oriented solutions to difficult challenges.
- Responds quickly to changing ideas, responsibilities, expectations, trends, strategies and other processes.
- Communicates effectively both verbally and in writing, and excels in both active listening and conversing.
- Fosters collaboration across multiple constituencies in order to support more effective decision making.
- Establishes and maintains strong relationships with a diverse array of stakeholders, both inside and outside of government, and particularly including community-based relationships.
- Embraces differing viewpoints and implements strategies to find common ground.
- Demonstrates confidence and professional diplomacy, while effectively interacting with individuals at all levels of various organizations.
FUSE is an equal opportunity employer with core values of diversity, equity, and inclusion. We encourage candidates from all backgrounds to apply for this position.


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Under the mission The Making of Citizens in Europe and North-Africa, the sister platform NECE collected various country profiles of European and Arab Countries to give a summary of the background and the current situation of citizenship education.
For a general view of the entire country profiles on the NECE Website please click on the link below:
Citizenship education by comparison
To focus on the exchange between Europe and the Arab Region, NECE initiated the opportunity to compare the different countries by various aspects. A single country profile is divided into various sub-items and could be scrutinized. The country profile Egypt for instance is classified into background information – brief history of citizenship education – definition of citizenship education – ecosystem of the non-formal citizenship education – legal environment and challenges.
To enable the comparison of citizenship education in the different countries across the Mediterranean, comprehensive overviews of certain aspects of the European and Arab country profiles were created, which also refer to the sub-items of the profiles and affords a direct comparison.
For detailed information about the compared country profile aspects please click here:


ApModifyItemText()
Modify the text for a menu item
Synopsis:
#include <Ap.h>
int ApModifyItemText( ApMenuLink_t *menu,
 int item_num,
 char const *new_text );
Arguments:
menu
A pointer to a PhAB menu link structure.
item_num
The number of the menu item, as generated by PhAB.
new_text
A pointer to the replacement menu item text.
Library:
Ap
Description:
ApModifyItemText() modifies the text for a menu item in a PhAB menu module.
Note: ApModifyItemText() stores the address given by new_text; it doesn't make a copy of the string pointed to by new_text. Don't modify the string after calling this function.
You can call ApModifyItemText() at any time to set the menu item text, and the effect will be seen when the menu is displayed. This allows to you set menu item text as soon as conditions within your application change.
Returns:
0
The item number isn't valid.
1
Success.
Examples:
In this example, mymenu is a pointer to the address of the menu name, which is equivalent to the instance name for the menu module.
/* Change ABN_opt1 to say "New Option 1 Text" */
ApModifyItemText( &mymenu, ABN_opt1, "New Option 1 Text" );
Classification:
Photon
Safety:
Interrupt handler No
Signal handler No
Thread No
See also:
ApGetItemText(), ApModifyItemAccel(), ApModifyItemState()
Changing menu-item text in the Working with Code chapter of the Photon Programmer's Guide


text:
Kitchen countertops made of concrete are generally thin, smooth, pigmented, and polished to a light gloss. But despite their beauty and elegance, they are not designed to resist cuts and scratches. Cutting directly on your concrete countertop does not actually damage the concrete, but it does damage the sealer. Once the sealer has broken down, the ability of your concrete countertop to resist stains and water is reduced. Constant cutting using knives can result to gouges and scratches on the surface's finish. It can also cause the sharp edges of your knives to chip or become dull.|
What causes cuts and scratches on concrete countertops?
- Just like other kitchen countertops, the surface and edges of your concrete countertop can chip or cut if they are struck by a heavy, solid object.
- Due to the inherent characteristics of the materials used in making the concrete countertop, it can be prone to hairline cracks. This is a natural occurrence and is not an indication of the structural failure of the countertop.
- Pointed objects that are regularly slid across, rubbed, or dropped on your concrete countertop can cause minor to moderate cuts and scratches.
How to prevent and repairing cuts and scratches on your concrete countertop
- To prevent cuts, scratches, and stains, seal your concrete countertop properly. Sealing does not only protect the surface, it enhances the sheen and color as well.
- For additional luster and protection against serious damage, apply a finishing wax or other protective coating on your concrete countertop to help preserve the sealer. Apply it regularly to maintain its effectiveness.
- Do not cut directly on the surface of your concrete countertop because it is not designed to serve as a chopping board. Make it a habit to use a separate cutting board when preparing food. Appropriate inserts can also be installed on your concrete countertop that can serve as a permanent area where you can cut, slice, and dice food directly on your countertop.
- Avoid exposing your concrete countertop to strong chemicals like acids, oven cleaners, and paint removers. These chemicals contain destructive substances that can damage the surface. If any contact with these chemicals occurs, wipe the surface with water right away.
- Evaluate the severity of the scratches on your concrete countertop. For small scratches, use a sanding pad with the finest grit to wipe them away. The level of roughness and smoothness of sanding pads are determined by their color. Arranged from roughest to smoothest, sanding pads come in white, yellow, green, peach, lilac, blue, and gray colors.
- Using the appropriate sanding pad, remove the scratches on the surface by rubbing it in a straight line, periodically switching to a 90-degree direction. Make sure all scratches are removed before you stop rubbing. Wet the surface to reduce dust accumulation while sanding.
Back to Concrete Kitchen Counter Tops home


GUIDE
October 12, 2020
Nurse helping older man rehabilitate in a hospital
Kathleen Gaines
By: Kathleen Gaines News and Education Editor, MSN, RN, BA, CBC
Rehabilitation nurses work with patients suffering from acute and chronic illnesses, injuries, and disabilities. A rehabilitation nurse's main objective is to help patients gain independence and/or help families care for their loved ones. In this guide, we'll explain what a Rehabilitation Nurse does, how to become one, how much they make, and more!
Part One What is a Rehabilitation Nurse?
Generally, a rehab nurse assists patients with chronic illnesses or disabilities. Rehabilitation nurses can also work with individuals after a trauma or acute illness.
According to the Association of Rehabilitation Nurses, rehab nurses can work with patients suffering from illnesses and injuries such as,
 1. ALS
 2. Amputation
 3. Brain injury
 4. Burns
 5. Cancer
 6. Cardiovascular
 7. Cerebral palsy
 8. Guillain-Barre syndrome
 9. Parkinson's disease
 10. Major joint replacements
 11. Multiple sclerosis
 12. Organ transplant
 13. Pulmonary disease
 14. Spinal cord injury
 15. Stroke
Show Me Nursing Programs
Part Two What Does a Rehabilitation Nurse Do?
Job responsibilities vary greatly amongst rehab nurses depending on the place of employment. More specifically, rehabilitation nurses perform a variety of specific tasks including,
 1. Assisting patients to achieve and maintain maximum function and independence
 2. Assisting patients to adapt to a new or changed lifestyle
 3. Providing a therapeutic environment for patients, their families, and caregivers
 4. Educating patients, families, and caregivers about their disease and treatment plan
 5. Recording patients' medical information and vital signs
 6. Preparing and updating nursing care plans
 7. Changing wound and/or surgical dressings
 8. Continually assessing the patient's level of independence, injury, or disability
 9. Administering medications as ordered
 10. Performing tracheostomy care
 11. Administering blood products and enteral feedings via a gastrostomy tube
 12. Coordinating care with other healthcare professionals
 13. Lifting and transferring patients
 14. Determining if a patient is able to perform ADLs independently or with assistance
Part Three Rehabilitation Nurse Salary
According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), the median salary for a registered nurse in 2019 is $73,300 per year or $35.24 per hour, but conditions in your area may vary. The BLS does not differentiate between different specialties of nursing, but Glassdoor.com reports an annual average salary of $68,142 for Rehabilitation Nurses.
Payscale.com reports salaries for Certified Rehabilitation Registered Nurses. They found that the annual average salary was $83,694 or $33.13/hr
Specifically, Rehabilitation Nurses can earn a higher annual salary with increased years of experience.
 1. 1-4 years of experience earn an average hourly wage of $28.13
 2. 5-9 years of experience earns an average hourly wage of $30.49
 3. 10-19 years of experience earns an average hourly wage of 32.87
 4. 20 years and higher years of experience earns an average hourly wage of $34.00
Currently, the highest average paid states for Rehabilitation Nurses that have reported salaries, according to payscale.com are as follows:
 1. Dallas, Texas - $36.49/ hr
 2. Seattle, Washington - $35.61/ hr
 3. Phoenix, Arizona - $32.11/hr
 4. Houston, Texas - $31.99/hr
Show Me Nursing Programs
Part Four How Do You Become a Rehabilitation Nurse?
To become a Rehabilitation Nurse, you'll need to complete the following steps:
 1. Attend Nursing School
 You'll need to earn either an ADN or a BSN from an accredited nursing program in order to take the first steps to become a registered nurse. ADN-prepared nurses can complete an additional step of completing their BSN degree if they wish.
 2. Pass the NCLEX-RN
 Become a Registered Nurse by passing the NCLEX examination.
 3. Earn Your Certification
 The Association of Rehabilitation Nurses offers the Certified Rehabilitation Registered Nurses Certification to eligible nurses. While not required, most nurses find this certification as a way to advance their careers.
Part Five Where Do Rehabilitation Nurses Work?
The vast majority of rehabilitation nurses work in either outpatient or inpatient rehab centers. Rehab nurses can work in a variety of locations including:
 1. Outpatient rehabilitation centers
 2. Sub-acute care units
 3. Inpatient rehabilitation centers
 4. Hospitals
 5. Long term care facilities
 6. Assisted living facilities
 7. Home care agencies
 8. PT/OT offices
 9. Fitness facilities
 10. Medical offices
 11. Insurance companies
 12. Community centers
 13. Academic settings
 14. Government agencies
Regardless of workplace setting, full-time and part-time nurses enjoy similar benefits. While actual benefits may vary depending on the institution most include the following:
 1. Health insurance
 2. Certification Reimbursement
 3. Retirement Options
 4. Holiday Pay
 5. Family Leave of Absence
 6. Maternity Leave
 7. Dental Insurance
 8. Dependent health insurance coverage
 9. Life Insurance
 10. Paid time off
 11. Relocation assistance
 12. Childcare
 13. Bereavement leave
 14. Vision Insurance
 15. Discounts on extracurricular activities
 16. Continuing Education Reimbursement
 17. Relocation packages
 18. Attendance at nursing conferences
Part Six What is the Career Outlook for a Rehabilitation Nurse?
According to the BLS, in 2018 there were 3,059,800 Registered Nurses in the United States. By 2028, there will be a need for additional 371,500 nurses, which is an expected growth of 12%.
Part Seven What are the Continuing Education Requirements for a Rehabilitation Nurse?
Generally, in order for an individual to renew their RN license, they will need to fill out an application, complete a specific number of CEU hours, and pay a nominal fee. Each state has specific requirements and it is important to check with the board of nursing prior to applying for license renewal.
If the RN license is part of a compact nursing license, the CEU requirement will be for the state of permanent residence. Some states require CEUs related to child abuse, narcotics, and/or pain management.
A detailed look at Continuing Nurse Education hours can be found here.
Show Me Nursing Programs
Part Eight Resources for Rehabilitation Nurses
Check out these additional resources for more information on rehabilitation nursing!
 1. Association of Rehabilitation Nurses
 2. American Nurses Association (ANA)
 3. The National Rehabilitation Association
 4. International Association of Rehabilitation Professionals
 5. The National Association of Rehabilitation Providers and Agencies
 6. American Medical Rehabilitation Providers Association
 7. American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine
 8. American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Part Nine Rehabilitation Nurse FAQs
 - What is the role of a rehabilitation nurse?
 - The role of the rehab nurse will vary depending on work location. Inpatient and outpatient rehab nurses will have some similar functions but inpatient nurses will also be responsible for general nursing duties. Rehab nurses work in collaboration with other healthcare professionals to develop comprehensive rehab plans for their patients.
 - Is rehabilitation nursing hard?
 - Nursing, in general, is a difficult profession. Regardless of specialty, nursing is a demanding but rewarding profession. Rehab nursing can be more physically demanding than some nursing specialties because of the patient population and needs of the patients.
 - What certification does a rehabilitation nurse need?
 - The Association of Rehabilitation Nurses offers the Certified Rehabilitation Registered Nurses Certification to eligible individuals.
Find Nursing Programs
RN $70,000 - $90,000 Associate Bachelors Rehabilitation Bedside
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text:
A radiosonde is a small weather sensor package that is typically attached to a weather balloon. As it rises into the atmosphere it measures parameters such as temperature, humidity, pressure, GPS location etc, and transmits this data back down to a receiver base station using a radio signal.
Zilog's RS is a free open source radiosonde decoder for Linux and it supports a wide range of radiosonde protocols. Together with an RTL-SDR it is possible to receive radiosonde signals, and decode them using RS.
Over on his website, happysat has recently uploaded a tutorial that shows how to use RS with an RTL-SDR, CubicSDR or GQRX, and FoxtrotGPS, a GPS plotting program for visualizing the location of the radiosonde. The tutorial covers some tricky points like setting up audio piping in Linux, and getting the GPS data into a virtual COM port to use with FoxtrotGPS.
Alternatively, there are also Windows GUI based sonde decoders that can be used with the RTL-SDR such as SondeMonitor which costs 25 Euros, but also covers a wide range of sonde protocols, and RS41 Decoder which is a GUI for the RS41 sonde protocol only. If you are interested we have a tutorial on setting up radiosonde decoding in Windows with SondeMonitor available here.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
As is well known, the space of solutions of a linear ODE with, say, $\mathcal{C}^\infty$ coefficients on $\mathbb{R}$ is a finite dimensional affine space (a vector space, in the homogeneus case).
What is the structure of the space of solutions of a non linear ODE? In which cases does it have a "natural" structure of finite dimensional smooth manifold?
For the question to make sense, some conditions on the form of the equation must be put. Let's assume the ODE is of the form
where $F:\mathbb{R}\times\mathbb{R}^n\to\mathbb{R}$ is a smooth function.
share|improve this question
You need to put more assumptions on $F$ in order for this to have a meaningful answer. For example, you haven't ruled out that $F$ is identically $0$ (all functions $u$ satisfy the equation) or $1$ (no functions $u$ satisfy the equation). Usually, in the case of a higher order ODE for one unknown function, one assumes that the equation can be solved smoothly for the highest derivative. Then one locally has the structure of a smooth manifold of dimension $n$, with the 'initial values' $\bigl(u^{(j)}(t_0)\bigr)$ for $0\le j< n$ giving local coordinates. – Robert Bryant Dec 8 '12 at 20:25
In addition to what Robert already said, there's also the issue of whether you care about the size of the interval on which a solution exists. For a linear ODE, the solution exists for all time (both positive and negative), but for a nonlinear ODE, solutions may exist for only a finite time and the size of the time interval might depend on the initial data. – Deane Yang Dec 8 '12 at 20:30
_USER_ Bryant: your comment comes very close to what I would have expected as an answer! Are there cases in which the manifold is compact? And in which it has nontrivial topology? – Qfwfq Dec 8 '12 at 20:55
_USER_ Yang: yes, that is an issue too; that's why I didn't specify in which functional space the solutions have to live ($\mathcal{C}^{\infty}(\mathbb{R})$ or $\mathcal{C}^{\infty}(t_0-\epsilon,t_0+\epsilon)$); should I have considered solutions as living in the space of germs of smooth functions at $t_0$ (which is still infinite dimensional)? ( _USER_ commenters: I realize my question is perhaps a bit elementary for people who know differential equations). – Qfwfq Dec 8 '12 at 20:55
I didn't know whether to accept R.Bryant's or F.Ziegler's very well written answer. The latter just seemed a bit more general, so I've clicked on it. – Qfwfq Dec 19 '12 at 17:34
3 Answers 3
up vote 8 down vote accepted
As Robert Bryant observed, something like the solubility of $F$ for $u^{(n)}$ needs to be assumed. Then by the trick (due I believe to D'Alembert) of setting $x=(t,u,\dots,u^{(n-1)})$ and dt/ds=1, the equation can always be rewritten $$ \frac{dx}{ds}=f(x). $$ This is what most geometers would call the "standard ODE", wherein $f$ is a smooth vector field on the manifold where $x$ evolves.
In this setting, the space of (maximal connected) solution curves is indeed always a (not necessarily Hausdorff) manifold. I don't know who first wrote this, but according to this recent obituary a contender would be J.-M. Souriau in his 1970 book "Structure des systèmes dynamiques". Translation of the relevant passage:
The manifold of motions of a system
Jean-Marie Souriau has observed that the set of maximal solutions of a differential system on a differentiable manifold possesses itself a natural structure of differentiable manifold, not always separated: thus one can speak of the system's manifold of motions. This very simple property is rarely mentioned in the usual courses on differential calculus.
share|improve this answer
There is yet another direction in which one could take the question, one that makes more contact with the linear and affine structures that one observes in the standard treatment of linear equations (both homogeneous and inhomogeneous). For example, consider the Riccati equation $$ u'(t) = a_0(t) + a_1(t)u(t) + a_2(t)u(t)^2,\tag{1} $$ which is nonlinear (when $a_2$ is not zero). A standard fact that is proved in ODE courses is that there is a 'trick' for 'linearizing' this equation, yielding the result that the general solution can be written in the form $$ u(t) = \frac{c_1b_1(t)+c_2b_2(t)}{c_1b_3(t)+c_2b_4(t)} $$ for some functions $b_i(t)$ (defined on the entire interval on which the $a_i$ are defined) and constants $c_1$ and $c_2$ (not both zero). Obviously, only the ratio of $c_1$ to $c_2$ matters for specifying $u$, so the ($1$-dimensional) space of solutions to $(1)$ is 'naturally' diffeomorphic to the real projective line $\mathbb{RP}^1$. Note that this representation works even when the solution $u$ has a 'pole'. (For example, consider the Riccati equation $u' = 1 + u^2$, which has $u(t) = \tan t$ as a solution.)
Sophus Lie developed a theory that associated a type of ODE to each homogeneous space of what we now call Lie groups, one that generalized the theory of linear ODE (both homogeneous and inhomogeneous) and Riccati equations in their various forms (which correspond to vector spaces, affine spaces, and projective spaces, thought of as homogeneous spaces of appropriate Lie groups).
It's possible that the OP is interested in learning more about the theory of ODE (and PDE) of Lie type, which is what this theory developed into. For this theory, putting a (possibly non-Hausdorff) manifold structure on the space of solutions is a necessary first step, but it is only the beginning.
share|improve this answer
The formula given in this answer is related to the fact any four solutions of the Ricatti equation are in constant Cross-ratio. – Denis Serre Dec 9 '12 at 13:47
That's true. The point is that the 'evaluation map' from the space of solutions with its natural $\mathbb{RP}^1$-structure to $\mathbb{R}$ given by $u\mapsto u(t_0)$ is an affine chart on the $\mathbb{RP}^1$ for each $t_0$. The constancy of the cross-ratio is then a reflection of the fact that projective transformations of $\mathbb{RP}^1$ preserve the cross-ratio of $4$ points. Of course, this generalizes to all equations of Lie type, replacing $\mathbb{RP}^1$ with the appropriate homogeneous space $M$ and the cross-ratio with appropriate invariant function(s) on products of $M$ with itself. – Robert Bryant Dec 9 '12 at 14:36
Deep and interesting theory exists when $F$ is analytic, not just smooth. It was developed by J. F. Ritt in his books on Differential algebra. (In particular, Ritt rigorously defined the things like "singular solutions").
Some parts of the theory also apply to PDE.
Most interesting and useful theory is obtained when $F$ is a polynomial, in which case the set of solution is a "differential-algebraic manifold", and a theory of DA manifolds is parallel to the theory of the usual algebraic manifolds.
For a more modern exposition (including fields of non-zero characteristic) see Kolchin, Differential algebra and algebraic groups.
share|improve this answer
Your Answer


text:
The School of Data Science and Society (SDSS) at UNC-Chapel Hill is excited to announce an open rank tenure and/or tenure-track faculty hiring initiative for several positions to bolster research and innovation in the emerging field of data science. While we welcome applications from all exceptional candidates whose expertise in the field relies on a human-centric approach to researching the entire data life cycle, we are particularly interested in applicants who conduct research at the intersection of the rapidly evolving fields of artificial intelligence (AI) and health, broadly defined. Candidates must have a Ph.D. and/or MD with expertise in artificial intelligence/machine learning, data science, computer science, statistics or a related field that applies AI and data science techniques.
Faculty responsibilities include engaging in high-quality interdisciplinary research; publishing research findings in top-tier journals and presenting work at national and international conferences; teaching undergraduate and graduate courses in data science, data analytics, machine learning, statistics and related areas; mentoring and supervising graduate students as well as provide guidance to undergraduate researchers; participate actively in interdisciplinary collaborations within the school, across the University, and beyond; contribute to the growth and development of the school by collaborating with industry partners, professional organizations, and community stakeholders; and engage in service within the University and contribute to the broader academic community.
We will continue accepting applications until the position closes on April 19. Visit _URL_ to apply. All faculty candidates must apply online and submit a cover letter and resume. The "other document" in the list of required documents to be submitted is a teaching statement and a research statement, combined in one document. Please enter contact information for at least four reference letter writers where indicated and they will receive an email with instructions for submitting letters of recommendation.
The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill is an equal opportunity and affirmative action employer. All qualified applicants will receive consideration for employment without regard to age, color, disability, gender, gender expression, gender identity, genetic information, national origin, race, religion, sex, sexual orientation, or status as a protected veteran.
The School of Data Science and Society (SDSS) is a part of the University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill located in North Carolina. Established in 2022, its mission is to serve the state, the nation, and the world with premier data science educational programs and unique, collaborative research programs directed to advance the public good. SDSS will lead by shaping the emerging field of data science with a human-centric approach to the entire data life cycle. It envisions a world made healthy, safe, and prosperous for all through data-informed decisions.


Three Machine Centers in One
Smith Machine Worx - Machining
Problem: A manufacturer's line required material to move in a sequence between three different machining centers. Forklifts provided the pick and place between the machines. However, in the process of transport, the material could be easily damaged, and the number of forklifts in constant operation were a safety concern.
Smith Machine Worx Solution: Robotics were used to replace the three different centers and the transportation between them. In essence, this created one machining center, improved efficiency, safety and productivity.


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The Corridor Management Plan has been completed! This has been a 3-year process and included hours of research, meetings with city and county officials, holding community input meetings, and many hours of writing. You may view the plan using this link.
The plan not only contains history of the Lincoln Highway in Iowa and in the nation, but details the 6 intrinsic qualities that make up a byway (Archaeological, Cultural, Historic, Natural, Recreational, and Scenic). The document also contains projects listed by county as it travels through 13 counties in Iowa. The plan also identifies projects that will be completed statewide.Some of the projects have begun already. We are working with the City of Tama to secure funding to repair the iconic Lincoln Highway Bridge that travels over Mud Creek on East 5th Street. This bridge was built in 1915 with plans created from a design by the Iowa Highway Commission. In the National Register of Historic Places nomination form, it is noted that the decorative railing spelling out "LINCOLN HIGHWAY" was "paid for by local boosters as a means of advertising the newly-designated Lincoln Highway, and Tama's location on it."
The bridge remains one of the few iconic Lincoln Highway structures in Iowa and in the nation. The Tama community celebrates the bridge every May with their Lincoln Highway Bridge Festival. The Byway is honored to help restore and preserve this bridge for future generations.Another project is in Greene County. The Lincoln Highway Association has created 4 interpretive panels, using the Lincoln Highway Heritage Byway's interpretive design created through the Iowa Department of Transportation's Byway Program. We aided them in text editing, selecting photos, creating the layout, and facilitating the manufacturing of the weathered steel bases and the interpretive panels. We will show you photos once they are installed!This summer several Lincoln Highway communities will have sesquicentennial (150th) celebrations. State Center will celebrate 150 years as part of their annual Rose Festival in June, Logan will celebrate their 150 years during the 4th of July, and Glidden will celebrate 150 years Aug 3-7. Here's to the next 150 years and beyond!
These are many other celebrations and events this year all along the Byway. If you are looking for something to do, just pick up one of our Iowa Lincoln Highway Heritage Byway Information Guides available at Welcome Centers and many Byway attractions or click on this link. There is always something going on along the Lincoln Highway Heritage Byway! Get traveling!