Cigarette Gift Giving Practices in China: A Descriptive Analysis
The practice of gifting cigarettes is deeply rooted in Chinese culture and found throughout China regardless of economic or smoking status.1 The gifting of cigarettes, particularly premium brands, is considered both a sign of respect and a status symbol and is particularly common during holidays and other special occasions. The tobacco industry exploits these gift giving holidays, e.g., Spring and Fall Festival, by promoting their brands using festival values, such as, warmth, friendship, and celebration.2 These practices have contributed to the normalization of smoking in China and have be
Resource Language:


May 25, 2017
Galápagos Island Coffee: Why Altitude Isn't Everything
Welcome to the Galápagos Islands. 13 major islands, 6 smaller islands, and numerous islets that are full of unique biodiversity, some of which you canút find anywhere else in the world. It's such a unique island and it should defintely be on your bucket list. Flight details are very easy to find so it should be easy to plan your trip!
And while coffee may not be a plant exclusive to the Galápogos Islands, something about it here is unusual. It's widely accepted that coffee grown at higher altitudes is better quality â€" especially when it's close to the equator, like this archipelago is. Yet specialty-grade coffee is grown at surprisingly low altitudes here, from 200 to 300 m.a.s.l.
So I spoke to Wilson Gonzalez of Productora de Café Galápagos to find out more about coffee in the Galápagos Islands â€" and why altitude isn't always an indicator of quality.
Lee este artÃculo en EspaÃ±ol: Café de la Isla Galápagos: Por Qué la Altitud No lo es Todo
Coffee trees growing under shade on the Galápagos Islands. Credit: Expigo
What Does Altitude Have to Do With Coffee Quality?
Although coffee grows in hot climates, coffee grown at cooler temperatures will often be better quality. This is because the beans will ripen more slowly, developing more sugars and complexity as they do so.
Generally speaking, the higher the altitude, the cooler the temperature. However, this will vary depending on the country's latitude. The farther it is from the equator, the cooler the temperature usually becomes.
For this reason, a coffee grown at a lower altitude in Hawaii could have more sweetness than a higher altitude Venezuelan (or it could not â€" there are many factors that affect sweetness, including plant species/variety, production and processing methods, and roasting/brewing).
High-altitude coffee is also known as hard beans, or dense coffee, and it will affect how the beans need to be roasted. While roasters, baristas, and consumers all see high altitude as a sign of good coffee, it can result in decreased yields for producers.
SEE ASLO: Why Does Altitude Matter? Part II â€" A VIDEO Guide
So, given that the Galapágos Islands sit on the equator, why do they break the rules?
Galapagos Islands. Credit: with modifications by Michiel1972 via Wikimedia Commons, Public Domain
Coffee Production on The Galápagos Islands
First of all, a quick overview of coffee production on these islands: Wilson tells me that, around 135 years ago, the first coffee seeds were brought here from French colonies in the Caribbean (stopping in Panama along the way). These were Bourbon seeds, and Bourbon remains the main variety grown on these islands today.
Other varieties were introduced 40â€"50 years ago by emigrants from the Loja Province of Ecuador: Caturra, Typica, CatuaÃ, Sachimorâ€¦ You'll mostly find these these on Santa Cruz Island.
Wilson Gonzalez checks coffee trees. Credit: Expigo
Harvesting & Processing
The main producing islands are San CristÃ³bal and Santa Cruz; more than 90% of the archipelago's population lives on these islands. As of such, they account for 80% of the archipelago's coffee.
William tells me that most of the coffee is also hand-picked, and the vast majority is washed processed, with dry processing accounting for the rest.
What's more, the Galápagos Islands are one of those few regions with two coffee harvests a year: February to March and November to December. This is thanks to the Humboldt current.
Expigo's coffee mill on the Galápagos Islands. Credit: Expigo
Sea Currents & Altitude
The Galápagos Islands sit on the equator, meaning there's intense sunshine from 6am to 6pm, with little variation throughout the year. Add to that low altitude, and you'd expect poor-quality coffee.
Yet although the islands receive intense sun, they don't receive intense heat. In fact, William describes the climate as similar to what you'd expect at 1,200â€"1,300 m.a.s.l. Even in the hottest months, the temperature rarely reaches above 30/31Â°C. And in July to September, the dry season, it can drop below 20Â°C.
William explains that this because of the Humboldt Current. A low-salinity ocean current, it flows north along the west coast of South America from the Southern Cone up to northern Peru and out to the Galapágos Islands. It brings with it cool marine breezes that bring down land temperature.
This is part of the reason why low-altitude coffee from the Galápagos Islands can taste and roast like high-altitude coffee from other parts of the Americas.
Coffee trees growing on the Galápagos Islands. Credit: Expigo
What Does Coffee From The Galápagos Islands Taste Like?
William tells me that coffee from the Galápagos Islands is typically sweet, with a caramel flavor, medium body, high aroma, and nice acidity.
Part of the reason for this delicious profile is the unique microclimate, with the cool sea breezes and ocean current. It can also be attributed to the varieties; for example, Bourbon tends to be sweet. Then there's the careful processing and production methods.
Soil quality is another key aspect: the Galápagos Islands were created from the frequent eruption of volcanoes over time. The layering of these â€" at the time, underwater â€" volcanoes built up until they emerged from the ocean. Volcanic soil is rich in nutrients, such as nitrogen, which is particularly important for growing and harvesting coffee.
If you were to look at the low altitude of the Galápagos Islands, and their position on the equator, it would be easy to write them off as a bad region for coffee production. Yet many factors influence coffee quality: altitude, yes, but also ocean/air currents, geographic location, local microclimates, soil, processing, and more.
Whether it's from Brazil or Ecuador, it's important to always look at range of information available about a coffee. Or, even better, judge for yourself based on how it tastes in the cup.
Perfect Daily Grind


text:
When using the Table class method where() on indexed
columns, it will not return values even if they are
within the given condition.
Attached is code that demonstrates this problem. The
code does this by creating a table with two columns
with identical data, the only difference being that one
column is indexed, and the other is not. When using
where() with identical ranges on both the columns the
call on the non-indexed column will return values,
while the call on the indexed column will not.
I have tested this code with PyTables 0.9.1, and the
problem is not present in that version.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
Background: Unprecedented, one-pot regioselective synthesis of 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles through azidealdehyde (3+2) organo-click cycloaddition under metal and solvent-free conditions, is described.
Objective: Solvent and metal free synthesis of biologically and industrially important triazoles.
Methods: Efficient and high yielding synthesis of products avoiding the tedious high solvent workups and chromatographic
separations. The synthesis doesn't involve the routine acetylenes which are very costly but instead cheaper starting
materials like aldehydes and organic azides are used.
Results: Green protocol based on the catalysis through Ionic Liquids which simultaneously act as solvents. The products
are obtained in good to excellent yields in hassle free synthesis.
Conclusion: Efficient and green synthesis of structurally and biologically important triazoles.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


1501-6-10 Definitions.
(A) "Annual recession rate" means the average rate, expressed in feet per year, at which the recession line moves landward. The annual recession rate shall be based on a time period not less than ten years nor greater than thirty years prior to the year that the base-map imagery was acquired. In no case shall the annual recession rate used to calculate the anticipated recession distance be less than zero.
(B) "Anticipated recession distance" means the center-weighted moving average of distances, equal to thirty times the annual recession rate, as determined at five consecutive transects. Anticipated recession distances less than thirty times the "calculated accuracy limit" (refer to paragraph (H) of this rule) shall be equal to zero.
(C) "Barrier beach" means a narrow, elongate sand ridge rising above lake level and extending generally parallel with the mainland shore, but separated from it by a body of water or a wetland.
(D) "Base recession line" means the recession line mapped from synoptic aerial photography, remote sensing imagery, digital data, or maps used to create the recession-line base map upon which coastal erosion areas are designated. The coastal erosion area shall be designated by measuring anticipated recession distances from the base recession line.
(E) "Beach" means A zone of unconsolidated material that extends landward from the shoreline to the toe of the bluff or dune. Where no bluff or dune exists, the landward limit of the beach is either the line of permanent vegetation or the place where there is a marked change in material or physiographic form.
(F) "Bluff" means a bank or cliff with a precipitous, steeply sloped face adjoining a beach or a body of water.
(G) "Bluff line" means the point of inflection where the slope of the upland surface changes to begin its descent to the beach or shoreline.
(H) "Calculated accuracy limit" means the potential error in recession rate resulting from the limit of image resolution and measurement inaccuracies and shall be calculated by dividing a fixed error of five feet by the time period in years over which the annual recession rate is calculated.
(I) "Coastal erosion area" means those land areas along lake Erie anticipated to be lost due to lake Erie-related erosion within a thirty-year period if no additional approved erosion control measures are completed within that time. These areas include land lakeward of the base recession line where anticipated recession distances are greater than zero and extend landward from the base recession line for a distance equal to the anticipated recession distance. Where anticipated recession distances are equal to zero, coastal erosion areas shall not be designated either lakeward or landward of the base recession line.
(J) "Dike" means any artificial barrier together with appurtenant works that shall be used either TO:
(1) Divert or restrain the flow of a stream or other body of water for the purpose of protecting an area from inundation by flood waters; or
(2) Maintain water levels in the diked area for the purposes of managing a wetland.
(K) "Dune" means a ridge or hill of loose, windblown sand, the crest of which typically trends parallel to the shoreline.
(L) "Erosion" means the loss or displacement of land along the lakeshore due to wave attack, ice scour, mass wasting, or other related erosion processes.
(M) "Erosion control measure" means a structure or actions specifically designed to reduce or control lake Erie-related erosion of the shore. Examples include, but are not limited to, groins, jetties, dikes, seawalls, revetments, bulkheads, breakwaters and artificially nourished sand and/or gravel beaches.
(N) "Fill land" means artificial land made by placing substantial fill and associated erosion control measures in lake Erie.
(O) "Mass wasting" means the downslope movement of material due to gravity. Examples of mass wasting include but are not limited to rotational slumps, debris flows, block falls, and rock falls.
(P) "Recession" means the landward retreat of the shore due to erosion.
(Q) "Recession distance" means the distance between two recession lines. The recession distance shows how far the "recession line" (refer to paragraph (R) of this rule) receded during a given time period.
(R) "Recession line" means the landform used for mapping recession of the shore, which shall include but is not limited to:
(1) Where the shore is a bluff, the recession line shall be the bluff line. Examples are shown in figure 1 of this rule.
(2) Where the shore is a sand spit with a dune or a barrier beach with a dune, the recession line shall be the top of the wave-cut face in the dune or the crest of the dune.
(3) Where the shore is a low-lying sand spit lacking a dune or a barrier beach lacking a dune, the recession line shall be the crest of the spit or barrier.
(4) Where the shore is a wetland, the recession line shall be the lakeward line of persistent emergent vegetation.
Figure 1: Examples of how recession lines are picked at bluff edge.
(5) Where the shore is diked, the recession line shall be the top of the lakeward-facing slope of the dike.
(6) Where low-lying waterfront areas are protected by a seawall, bulkhead, or revetment, the recession line shall be the top of the lakeward-facing slope of the structure.
(S) "Sand spit" means a narrow embankment of land composed of sand and gravel deposited by littoral processes which has one end attached to the shore and the other terminating in open water.
(T) "Shore" means the land bordering the lake.
(U) "Shoreline" means the line of intersection of lake Erie with the beach or shore.
See Figure 1 at
(V) "Wetland" means an area that is inundated or saturated by surface or groundwater at a frequency and duration sufficient to support, and that under normal circumstances does support, vegetation typically adapted for life in saturated soil conditions. Wetland includes without limitation swamps, marshes, bogs, and fens.
Eff 9-8-91; 6-14-96
Rule promulgated under: RC Chapter 119.
Rule authorized by: RC 1506.02
Rule amplifies: RC 1506.02, 1506.06


text:
I would like to track total CPU and memory use on an Ubuntu 20.04 machine. For that purpose, I am about to install the sysstat library. I read the manuals of and posts on
sar and related functions, but am still confused about the syntax.
What I would like to do: Record total CPU and memory use every five seconds. Export the data once a day as CSV and delete the binary data.
What confuses me: 1. There are multiple settings specifying time intervals.
sar -u %system -r %memused 5 records CPU and memory use every five seconds. On top of that, the package generates "activity reports" every ten minutes as defined by
5-55/10 * * * * root command -v debian-sa1 > /dev/null && debian-sa1 1 1 in
/etc/cron.d/sysstat. I am confused about what happens every five seconds and what happens every ten minutes. Does the program first cache the data every five seconds and then writes it to a file every ten minutes? 2. Multiple functions write to disk. Which of them do I need?
sar -u %system -r %memused -o 5,
sadc -u %system -r %memused 5 -, or
sa1? 3. Do I need to execute the code that generates a daily CSV file (
sadf -d /var/log/sysstat/sa$(date +%d -d yesterday) > /home/some_user/sar_data.csv) as a chron job?
As a side note: if anyone knows of a solution that would be computationally more efficient than this sysstat approach, feel free to suggest it.


text: The Kishau Dam is a proposed gravity dam on the Tons River which will straddle the border between the Indian states of Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand. The project site is located about 39 km (24 mi) north of Dakpathar and upstream of the Ichari Dam. The primary purpose of the dam is power generation and downstream water supply. It will support a 660 MW power station and provide water for the irrigation of 97,076 ha (239,880 acres) of crops. After years of negotiations over watersharing between the two states, the dam is currently awaiting clearance from the Ministry of Environment and Forests. Construction is expected to begin in 2015. Completion is slated for 2023.


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I have an ip array like below and I want to convert it to smallest cidr subnet list. Is there a library for that in Java?
For example:
converted to
Thanks in advance.
share|improve this question
2 Answers 2
up vote 1 down vote accepted
I don't know whether there is a library available in Java. Indeed, I know little about Java :) But I can give you an algorithm for solving the problem, if that is any help.
1) Convert the ip addresses into pairs of integers, where the first integer is the binary representation of the ip address (a.b.c.d -> a << 24 + b << 16 + c << 8 + d) and the second integer is 32 (that is, initially each address is it's own subnet [1]).
2) Sort the list of pairs.
3) Now scan the sorted list, starting at the second pair. For each pair, if you can combine it with the previous one, do so and continue to try until combining as long as possible. Two pairs [base1, bits1] and [base2, bits2] can be combined if bits1 == bits2 and base2 - base1 == 1 << (32 - bits1). In that case, the combination is [base1, bits1 - 1].
4) Finally, convert the pairs back into CIDR notation: the first integer is the base of the subnet (when converted back to dotted decimal) and the second integer is the bitwidth.
Both steps 2 and 3 are O(n log n)
Footnote 1: In your example, you don't include the addresses with last byte 0, which means my algorithm will fail in your test case. You'd have to add them to the list. This point reveals a subtle but important detail in the definition of what a CIDR subnet is: technically, the smallest possible subnet is /30, because both the first and last ip of the range are reserved. Consequently /31 would have no valid IP addresses. However, people often use the term CIDR subnet to mean "a bitmask which recognizes a set of IP addresses", as in their use as filter expressions.
share|improve this answer
Try as :
public class Test {
 public static void main(String[] args) {
 String[] ipArray1 = new String[]{"", "", "", ""};
 String[] ipArray2 = new String[ipArray1.length];
 for(int i=0; i < ipArray1.length; i++) {
 String temp = ipArray1[i];
 ipArray2[i] = temp.substring(0,6) + "0/24";
 for(String ip : ipArray2) {
Output :
share|improve this answer
Are you kiddin'? What will happen if ip is like ip. substr will fail. I need an algorithmic solution or a library. Your solution is based on my input but with different input it will fail. – denizeren Sep 21 '12 at 5:47
if so, why did not submit like that in your post completely? I just solve the problem as post. – CycDemo Sep 21 '12 at 6:05
That's not even a real answer. Writing anything that just produces a given output is a waste of everyone's time. It clearly doesn't solve the very clearly posed question. – sillyMunky Feb 5 '13 at 19:26
Your Answer


text:
This paper reports a comparative analysis of education trends in Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa. Collectively these countries have emerging economies and are known as BRICS. The analysis indicates that the BRICS have shared aspirations but different development trajectories. There are good opportunities for educational progression through knowledge exchange and joint activities. Following an overview of BRICS education systems, major policy issues related to quality and equity are highlighted. BRICS are seeking to sustain and widen the benefits of growth. In this context skills development and TVET are explored. TVET has been identified by all BRICS as a vital ingredient of more inclusive and sustainable development. The paper considers how BRICS are charting new approaches to international development cooperation in education. Due to the varied experiences of individual countries, there are opportunities for BRICS to cooperate in several areas of education. Collaboration could led to enhanced quality of education data, facilitate student mobility, improve the relevance of skills training to the labour market, and deepen the knowledge base on BRICS development cooperation in education.
High-quality technical assistance for results


text:
History plays role in debate over whether to rename Old Slave Road
By: Sarah Wilson
Nestled in the hilly woods of Wildwood is a road named for its notable black history. Old Slave Road, which dates back to a time in the 19th century when plantation landowners owned black slaves, is little known by many for its historical importance and influences on the existing area.
Since the days of its origin, the area has undergone a natural transition with new homes and residents, yet the street has retained its original name.
But now a few residents have decided it needs to change. Because of its historical significance and the use of the word "slave in the name," some residents felt the name was "inappropriate" and "offensive" in these modern times. Also, because of its name, street signs have been stolen or vandalized where Old Slave Road intersects Wild Horse Creek Road, with costs to the city throughout the years.
So, in the fall of 2012, those residents petitioned for the city of Wildwood to start the process of changing the name.
The question is whether the word "slave" precipitates an insensitive topic that turns heads or simply is an accurate depiction of the area's past.
Karen Fox, the petitioner for the name change, lives on Old Slave Road. She said the road name "is just not the most positive way to communicate the history of the area."
"The reaction from people was usually pretty negative, and it shut people out," Fox said.
So she said residents got together and "agreed that there needs to be a better way."
Fox started doing research on the plantation and found that the developer in 1979 named the road, Old Slave Road.
"And he probably had limited resources and information," Fox said. "He didn't have the names we have now."
Once a deeply eroded road, Old Slave Road was locally known as the "old slave road" and was believed to have been used to reach the plantation owner's home.
In 1837, Reverend Robert Coleman relocated to Missouri from Virginia with his family and 54 slaves to settle a large plantation between Wild Horse Creek and the Missouri River. The family's relatives, the Tylers, came with the Coleman family and brought 52 slaves of their own with them. Each owner purchased land and specialized in hemp production for off-plantation sale.
Coleman died in 1840 and his estate was divided between two of his sons, Robert and William.
Robert acquired the original homestead and operated a similar plantation with 36 slaves. William built a brick mansion and when he died in 1895, divided his acreage among his seven daughters. He gave his house and a 100-acre tract of property to his daughter Nannie, who married Frank Terry and passed the property down to her daughter, Maude. Eventually moving in her husband and his relatives, Maude sold the property in 1952 to Calvin. In 1979, Negley Calvin platted the Spicewood Farms subdivision.
Fox said she found the history of the plantation and its inhabitants fascinating and that renaming the road was a way to "positively commemorate who lived (there)." The trick was choosing the right name, one that honored the area's history and its residents.
"And when you look at all the names in Wildwood, a lot of road names are named after people who lived here," Fox said. "In all the research I've done, I haven't found another road named after a slave."
Choosing the name
Fox said one name that stood out in her research was Elijah Madison, a former slave on the plantation who also served in the Union Army.
It is unknown where Madison was born, but documents show that he was raised on the Coleman plantation.
A slave of Coleman, Madison in 1864 secured his freedom by enlisting in the 68th U.S. Colored Infantry, which formed in March 1864.
Gen. Henry W. Halleck in April ordered the regiment to Memphis to help defend the city. The unit also engaged in battles in Tupelo, Miss., where it successfully fended off Confederate attacks. Then the regiment was ordered to New Orleans and Florida. Later it marched to Alabama to help lay siege to the Confederate stronghold at Fort Blakely. The fort was eventually captured thanks to a network of trenches the 68th had dug, which brought Union troops closer to the fort.
After the war, Madison continued serving in the army until his discharge in 1866. He then returned to the Wildwood area near the Coleman plantation, where he became a successful farmer. He married another former slave, Elizabeth West, and together they had 15 children.
Madison is buried behind the remains of a late 19th-century African-American church and cemetery, known as Mount Pleasant African Baptist Church Cemetery and located along Wild Horse Creek Road.
Coleman's slaves in 1841 built Mount Pleasant, once known as Antioch Baptist Church.
From 1841 until the mid-1860s, slaves owned by the Coleman, Tyler and other families were received or baptized into the church where blacks and whites worshiped together. Eventually a new church building was completed, and by 1869, all the black members met in the Mount Pleasant building and the white members worshiped at the new Antioch Church.
Madison's grave is one of the few marked by headstones benefiting Civil War veterans.
"Elijah lived here until the end of his life," Fox said. "His siblings and descendents also lived here. We just felt like with his name, we really had a strong tie to the entire history of this area and how things changed over the course of when he first was born up until the early 1900s."
Fox said changing the name to reflect the land's history is "a process, and it's moving along."
"We all want to recognize history," Fox said. "So there are different opinions and viewpoints on how to do that. This would be the first road named after an African-American slave in the city of Wildwood and would really recognize the history."
Lynn Martin, chair of Wildwood's Historic Preservation Commission, said a name change would be a "win-win for everyone because I know one of the problems is their street signs keep getting stolen."
But while the name change has support from some citizens it has drawn criticism from others.
Residents who live on Old Slave Road, as well as residents who do not, have voiced their opinions about the name change. However, Martin said it is only the decision of the property owners along the roadway and that other residents have no say in the matter.
"It is not their responsibility, nor their concern, truly," Martin said.
Of trying to get the city involved, Martin said, "That's what they would like to do … make it a city issue and it's not. This is an individual property rights issue and it's a private road."
The property owners maintain the road, however, it is in a platted subdivision, which Martin said is the only reason the issue is coming before the city.
An advocate for the installation of signage that would commemorate the area's history, Martin said she has been fighting for that change since 1999. She said the majority of the Historic Preservation Commission would love to see historical signage.
"People could stop and read the entire history of the area," Martin said.
She reiterated that changing the name of the road would be a "win-win for everybody because (for) the people that are affected by this – it's not they themselves – it's other people that they come in contact with that dislike the name."
The city's ordinance states that the majority of affected property owners can choose to change the name of a road. However, some residents – such as Sally Branson, who also lives on Old Slave Road – are opposed to a name change – and therein lies the struggle.
"Old Slave Road was named after the slaves who worked, lived and died here and are buried in the cemetery, which is directly across the road from our house," Branson said. "I just don't understand what is offensive, and if you don't like the name of the road, why did you buy property on it?
"Charlie (Sally's husband) and I never had any problem with explaining it when someone asked, or when someone was curious about it. We always saw it as an educational possibility and were quick to explain it. "What it always elicited was 'Tell me more.'"
Branson said she always saw the road's name as "a positive rather than a negative."
"So there is tremendous significance to the names here, and having known the Calvins years back, it was very clear that he (Negley) had looked into the history," Branson said. "I have to say we've never had problems with it. Never.
"I've heard it mentioned several times that the name is 'very uncomfortable,' but I don't imagine these slaves were too terribly comfortable for the lives that they had on this earth."
She said Fox "did a pretty remarkable job of fathering all kinds of information," but does not think changing the road to Elijah Madison would do the area's history justice.
"While his history as a slave was absolutely fascinating, and I do not wish to discredit it in any shape or form, he didn't live on the road," Branson said. "He wasn't born here and he's certainly not buried here (in the slave cemetery), and the name of the road is named for the slaves that are buried down there."
Other names that have been suggested are Freedmen, Old Slave Cemetery Road, Madison Valley Lane and Spiceberry Court since Old Slave Road spurs off of Spiceberry Lane.
"Some people think that it should go back to the neighborhood,

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
MITIGATING AND MANAGING FRAUD RISK IN THE ENERGY & NATURAL RESOURCES SECTOR
RC: In your opinion, what is extent of fraud risk currently facing organisations operating in the energy & natural resources sector?
Clement: Whenever we are confronted with an economic downturn, companies are forced to look for savings and adjust their strategic plans from aggressive growth to survival. This results in cutbacks at all levels of the organisation, inclusive of personnel within audit departments, thereby requiring everyone to undertake more with less. The recent drop in oil & gas prices has had a direct impact on output and with the current market we are confronted with a situation of oversupply. All of this results in less information being available with which to ensure appropriate governance within the organisation. On top of this, most organisations still remain vulnerable to cyber crime and its associated fraud scheme risks.
Prado: In Brazil, we need to bear in mind that 'energy & natural resources' encompasses different sectors with very different levels of risk and legal frameworks. For instance, the water resources sector – which includes both water collection and wastewater disposal – seems to have a low level of risk, probably because it is not seen as a profitable area. However, the mining sector may face higher levels of risk, since the applicable legal framework is outdated, and lacks clear and transparent dispositions regarding the granting of mining rights. Furthermore, recent developments have exposed the involvement of Petrobras – the Brazilian oil & gas state owned company – in several cases of fraud, basically related to the downstream shipping industry and refining companies, but also regarding upstream oil & gas exploitation. Power generation, transmission and distribution is another sector that may be considered low risk, probably because most companies in the sector were privatised during the 1990s and also because the sector benefits from a modern, transparent, more efficient and independent regulatory regime, regardless of the fact that there are some specific cases under investigation.
Apr-Jun 2016 Issue
Clement Advisory Group
Koury Lopes Advogados
Ropes & Gray


text: We study the long-time behavior of solutions to the nonlinear Schrödinger / Gross-Pitaevskii equation (NLS/GP) with a symmetric double-well potential. NLS/GP governs nearly-monochromatic guided optical beams in weakly coupled waveguides with both linear and nonlinear (Kerr) refractive indices and zero absorption, as well as the behavior of Bose-Einstein condensates. For small L2 norm (low power), the solution executes beating oscillations between the two wells. There is a power threshold at which a symmetry breaking bifurcation occurs. The set of guided mode solutions splits into two families of solutions. One type of solution is concentrated in either well of the potential, but not both. Solutions in the second family undergo tunneling oscillations between the two wells. A finite dimensional reduction (system of ODEs) derived in Marzuola and Weinstein 2010 and is expected to well-approximate the PDE dynamics on long time scales. In particular, we revisit this reduction, find a class of exact solutions and shadow them in the (NLS/GP) system by applying the above approach.


text:
Thanks to Grizzle...
RANDOM DAMAGE DISTRIBUTION
It can sometimes be the case that damage has to be distributed randomly amongst a Damaged unit, and this is called random damage. The enemy unit has been hurt, but nobody knows which warriors have been damaged!
If invoked dice must be distributed randomly, first count how many Different Warriors there are in the Damaged unit, called the different warrior count. Different Warriors are those that have a different profile to another member of the unit, such as a Forthegn within a unit of Duguth.
A Damaged unit suffering ten damage has three different warriors within it, so the different warrior count is 3.
Then assign numbers between 0-9 to each different warrior so that the resulting different warrior divisions cover the numbers of a D10 as equally as possible, noting any remainders. Each different warrior division applies to one particular different warrior, chosen by the Damaged unit's player.
As the different warrior count is 3 and there is ten damage, rolls of 0-2 are applied to the first different warrior, rolls of 3-5 are applied to the second different warrior and rolls of 6-8 are applied to the third different warrior.
Roll Distribution Dice
Once that is done, the Damaged unit's player rolls a distribution die for each damage point suffered. The result of the distribution die determines where that damage point is distributed, and any rolls outside of the different warrior divisions
are re-rolled until they are within a division.
The distribution dice result in rolls of 1, 1, 2, 5, 3, 7, 8, 4, 9 and 0. Thus, the rolls 0, 1, 1 and 2 are applied to the first different warrior; the rolls of 3, 4 and 5 are applied to the second different warrior; and the rolls of 7 and 8 are applied to
the third different warrior. The roll of 9 is outside the different warrior divisions and so is re-rolled, resulting in a 3. Thus, the first warrior division suffers five invoked dice; the second warrior division suffers three invoked dice; and the third warrior division suffers two invoked dice.
This will make 126.96.36.199: CONTINUOUS EFFECTS 188.8.131.52., etc.


text:
Many months ago I was researching robotics and after many hours of watching stanford university lectures I started to draw up loads of diagrams of skeleton stick man who I could use to show my theory of ball bearing robots. This theory works off the Six degrees of freedom (6DoF) which are backwards, forwards, up, down, left, right, pitch, yaw and roll.
If you interlink a robot with ball bearings you will end up with many degrees of freedom because each ball bearing point will contain the Six Degrees of Freedom, this will allow the robot to become very flexible. When we bend our fingers we only have a certain amount of freedom where as a robot built with small ball bearings could in theory curl its finger joint and is able touch behind the knuckle joint.
The diagram below demonstrates how it is possible to use ball bearings to touch the back of a finger.
In reality this is a simple concept but it will take some engineering to make it happen, let me know what you all think in the comments below.


=head1 NAME APR::SockAddr - Perl API for APR socket address structure =head1 Synopsis use APR::SockAddr (); my $ip = $sock_addr->ip_get; my $port = $sock_addr->port; =head1 Description C provides an access to a socket address structure fields. Normally you'd get a socket address object, by calling: use Apache2::Connection (); my $remote_sock_addr = $c->remote_addr; my $local_sock_addr = $c->remote_local; =head1 API C provides the following functions and/or methods: =head2 C Get the IP address of the socket $ip = $sock_addr->ip_get(); =over 4 =item obj: C<$sock_addr> ( C> ) =item ret: C<$ip> ( string ) =item since: 2.0.00 =back If you are familiar with how perl's C works: use Socket'sockaddr_in'; my ($serverport, $serverip) = sockaddr_in(getpeername($local_sock)); my ($remoteport, $remoteip) = sockaddr_in(getpeername($remote_sock)); in apr-speak that'd be written as: use APR::SockAddr (); use Apache2::Connection (); my $serverport = $c->local_addr->port; my $serverip = $c->local_addr->ip_get; my $remoteport = $c->remote_addr->port; my $remoteip = $c->remote_addr->ip_get; =head2 C Get the IP address of the socket $port = $sock_addr->port(); =over 4 =item obj: C<$sock_addr> ( C> ) =item ret: C<$port> ( integer ) =item since: 2.0.00 =back Example: see C> =head1 Unsupported API C also provides auto-generated Perl interface for a few other methods which aren't tested at the moment and therefore their API is a subject to change. These methods will be finalized later as a need arises. If you want to rely on any of the following methods please contact the L so we can help each other take the steps necessary to shift the method to an officially supported API. =head2 C META: Autogenerated - needs to be reviewed/completed See if the IP addresses in two APR socket addresses are equivalent. Appropriate logic is present for comparing IPv4-mapped IPv6 addresses with IPv4 addresses. $ret = $addr1->equal($addr2); =over 4 =item obj: C<$addr1> ( C> ) One of the APR socket addresses. =item arg1: C<$addr2> ( C> ) The other APR socket address. =item ret: C<$ret> ( integer ) =item since: subject to change =back The return value will be non-zero if the addresses are equivalent. =head1 See Also L. =head1 Copyright mod_perl 2.0 and its core modules are copyrighted under The Apache Software License, Version 2.0. =head1 Authors L. =cut


4. Graphical styles
4.1 Selecting a different look
The default location of the style is 'look.lua'. To select a different predefined look, select one of the 'look_*.lua' styles from 'etc' and copy it to ' /.notion/look.lua'. This will override the default look on the next Notion restart, and can be a starting point for further more detailed customization.
4.2 Customizing: drawing engines, style specifications and sub-styles
Notion's drawing routines are abstracted into so-called drawing engine modules that can, again depending on the system, be dynamically loaded as needed. The drawing engine modules provide ''brushes'' that objects can use to draw some high-level primitives such as borders and text boxes (in addition to simple text and rectangle drawing) on their windows and configure e.g. the shape and background of the window. While the drawing engines therefore do not directly implement looks for each possible object (that would hardly be maintainable), different brush styles can be used to give a distinctive look to different objects and engines could interpret some styles as special cases. Style specifications are strings of the form
An example of such a style specification is 'tab-frame'; see the table in subsection [*] for more styles.
When an object asks for a brush of certain style, the selected drawing engine will attempt to find the closest match to this specification. The styles/brushes defined by the drawing engines may have asterisks ('*') as some of the elements indicating a match to anything. Exact matches are preferred to asterisk matches and longer matches to shorter. For example, let a brush for style 'foo-bar-baz' be queried, then the following brushes are in order of preference:
Some of the drawing primitives allow extra attributes to be specified, also in the form
These extra attributes are called substyles and allow, for example, the state of the object to be indicated by different colour sets while keeping the interface at an abstract level and the drawing engine completely ignorant of the semantics - only the writer of the drawing engine configuration file has to know them. However the drawing engine can again interpret known substyles as special cases and the default engine indeed does so with frame tab tag and drag states.)
4.2.1 Known styles and substyles Frames
Style name
'frame-transient' Tabs and menu entries
Style name
'tab-info' The rest
Style name
4.3 Defining styles for the default drawing engine
Drawing engine style files are usually named look_foo.lua where foo is the name of the style. The file that Notion loads on startup or when gr.read_config is called, however, is look.lua and should usually be symlinked to or a copy of of some look_foo.lua.
4.3.1 The structure of the configuration files
The first thing to do in a style file is to choose the drawing engine, possibly loading the module as well. This is done with the following chunk of code.
if not gr.select_engine("de") then
The gr.select_engine function sees if the engine given as argument is registered (the default drawing engine is simply called ''de''). If the engine could not be found, it tries to load a module of the same name. If the engine still is not registered, gr.select_engine returns 'false' and in this case we also exit the style setup script. If the engine was found, gr.select_engine sees that further requests for brushes are forwarded to that engine and returns 'true'.
Before defining new styles it may be a good idea to clear old styles from memory so if the old configuration defines more specific styles than the new, the old styles don't override those specified by the new configuration. That can be done by calling
After this the new styles can be defined with de.defstyle as explained in the next subsection. Finally, after the styles have been defined we must ask objects on the screen to look up new brushes to reflect the changes in configuration. This is done with
4.3.2 Defining the styles
Styles for the default drawing engine are defined with the function de.defstyle. It has two arguments the first being a style specification as explained in previous sections and the second a table whose fields describe the style:
de.defstyle("some-style", {
 attribute = value,
The supported attributes are described in tables below. The different border elements and styles referred to there are explained in the following sketch of different border styles and elements:
Elevated: Inlaid: Ridge: Groove:
 hhhhhhhhhhhs ............ hhhhhhhhhhhs sssssssssssh
 h..........s .sssssssssh. h..........s s..........h
 h. .s .s h. h.sssssssh.s s.hhhhhhhs.h
 h. .s .s h. h.s h.s s.h s.h
 h. .s .s h. h.shhhhhhh.s s.hsssssss.h
 h..........s .shhhhhhhhh. h..........s s..........h
 hsssssssssss ............ hsssssssssss shhhhhhhhhhh
h = highlight, s = shadow,. = padding Colours
Each of these fields a string of the form that can be passed to XAllocNamedColor. Valid strings are e.g. hexadecimal RGB specifications of the form _TAG_ and colour names as specified in /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/rgb.txt (exact path varying).
padding_colour Borders and widths
All other fields below except border_style are non-negative integers indicating a number of pixels.
spacing Text
text_align Miscellaneous
based_on Substyles
As discussed in previous sections, styles may have substyles to e.g. indicate different states of the object being drawn. The ''de'' engine limits what can be configured in substyles to the set of colours in the first table above, but also specifically interprets for the main style 'tab-frame' the substyles '*-*-tagged' and '*-*-*-dragged' by, respectively, drawing a right angle shape at the top right corner of a tab and by shading the tab with a stipple pattern. Also for menus the substyles '*-*-submenu' are handled as a special case.
Substyles are defined with the function de.substyle within the table defining the main style. The parameters to this function are similar to those of de.defstyle.
de.defstyle("some-style", {
 de.substyle("some-substyle", {
4.3.3 An example
The following shortened segment from look_cleanviolet.lua should help to clarify the matters discussed in the previous subsection.
de.defstyle("*", {
 -- Gray background
 highlight_colour = "_TAG_",
 shadow_colour = "_TAG_",
 background_colour = "_TAG_",
 foreground_colour = "#000000",
 shadow_pixels = 1,
 highlight_pixels = 1,
 padding_pixels = 1,
 spacing = 0,
 border_style = "elevated",
 text_align = "center",
de.defstyle("tab-frame", {
 based_on = "*",
 de.substyle("active-selected", {
 -- Violet tab
 highlight_colour = "_TAG_",
 shadow_colour = "_TAG_",
 background_colour = "#666699",
 foreground_colour = "_TAG_",
 -- More substyles would follow...
4.4 Miscellaneous settings
4.4.1 Frame user attributes
The function WFrame.set_grattr may be used to give frames (and their tabs) arbitrary extra attributes to be passed to the drawing engine. Hence, by configuring such substyles in the style configuration files, and turning on the attribute when needed, scripts may display visual cues related to the frame. There is also one extra attribute specially interpreted by the default drawing engine: the 'numbered' attribute, which causes numbers to be displayed on the tabs.
4.4.2 Extra fields for style 'frame'
The following style fields are independent of the drawing engine used, but are related to objects' styles and therefore configured in the drawing engine configuration file.
4.4.3 Extra fields for style 'dock'
Hopefully that's enough to get you started in writing new style configuration files for Notion. When in doubt, study the existing style configuration files.


Is it bigger than a breadbox?
This standard question was coined by Steve Allen on the old game show, What's My Line?
Younger readers are now asking, "Who is Steve Allen", "What is What's my Line?" and, "What is a bread box?"
Before we had plastic bags to keep bread fresh, boxes rested on everyone's kitchen counter to preserve a loaf of bread. Typically the boxes were made from wood or metal. The limited airflow in the box prevented mold yet protected the bread from mice and insects. Rarely do you see these boxes today, although they are available online.
It's hard to remember a day before the use of plastic bags to store bread and other items. But the sandwich bag wasn't invented until 1957 and bread wasn't sold in bags until 1969. Prior to that, homemakers stored loaves in the boxes, wrapped sandwiches in waxed paper or cloth, and covered leftovers with a plate over a bowl.
A famous line in the 1967 movie, The Graduate, was a piece of advice given to the young Benjamin Broddock (Dustin Hoffman) to invest in plastics, a cutting edge idea at that time. Now we are re-assessing the convenience of plastics, especially when used in bags. The sturdy product takes decades to break down.
Which leaves us with one more question: "Is the impact of plastics on our landfills and oceans bigger than a bread box?
©2013, Mary K. Doyle


text:
The 2nd and 3rd grade class at Clallam Bay Elementary have a tradition of balancing eggs on the first day of spring. Because the eggs are raw it takes determination to get them to balance. Most of the students were able to balance their egg.
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an integral number.
 2834. However, this clock frequency is used by the In-Application-Programming (IAP)
 2835. routines of the LPC2000 family only, which seems to be very tolerant concerning
 2836. the given clock frequency, so a slight difference between the specified clock
 2837. frequency and the actual clock frequency will not cause any trouble.
 2838. @item @b{Command Order} Do I have to keep a specific order for the commands in the configuration file?
 2839. Well, yes and no. Commands can be given in arbitrary order, yet the
 2840. devices listed for the JTAG scan chain must be given in the right
 2841. order (jtag newdevice), with the device closest to the TDO-Pin being
 2842. listed first. In general, whenever objects of the same type exist
 2843. which require an index number, then these objects must be given in the
 2844. right order (jtag newtap, targets and flash banks - a target
 2845. references a jtag newtap and a flash bank references a target).
 2846. You can use the ''scan_chain'' command to verify and display the tap order.
 2847. @item @b{JTAG Tap Order} JTAG Tap Order - Command Order
 2848. Many newer devices have multiple JTAG taps. For example: ST
 2849. Microsystems STM32 chips have two taps, a ''boundary scan tap'' and
 2850. ''CortexM3'' tap. Example: The STM32 reference manual, Document ID:
 2851. RM0008, Section 26.5, Figure 259, page 651/681, the ''TDI'' pin is
 2852. connected to the Boundary Scan Tap, which then connects to the
 2853. CortexM3 Tap, which then connects to the TDO pin.
 2854. Thus, the proper order for the STM32 chip is: (1) The CortexM3, then
 2855. (2) The Boundary Scan Tap. If your board includes an additional JTAG
 2856. chip in the scan chain (for example a Xilinx CPLD or FPGA) you could
 2857. place it before or after the stm32 chip in the chain. For example:
 2858. @itemize @bullet
 2859. @item OpenOCD_TDI(output) -> STM32 TDI Pin (BS Input)
 2860. @item STM32 BS TDO (output) -> STM32 CortexM3 TDI (input)
 2861. @item STM32 CortexM3 TDO (output) -> SM32 TDO Pin
 2862. @item STM32 TDO Pin (output) -> Xilinx TDI Pin (input)
 2863. @item Xilinx TDO Pin -> OpenOCD TDO (input)
 2864. @end itemize
 2865. The ''jtag device'' commands would thus be in the order shown below. Note
 2866. @itemize @bullet
 2867. @item jtag newtap Xilinx tap -irlen ...
 2868. @item jtag newtap stm32 cpu -irlen ...
 2869. @item jtag newtap stm32 bs -irlen ...
 2870. @item # Create the debug target and say where it is
 2871. @item target create stm32.cpu -chain-position stm32.cpu ...
 2872. @end itemize
 2873. @item @b{SYSCOMP} Sometimes my debugging session terminates with an error. When I look into the
 2874. log file, I can see these error messages: Error: arm7_9_common.c:561
 2875. arm7_9_execute_sys_speed(): timeout waiting for SYSCOMP
 2876. TODO.
 2877. @end enumerate
 2878. @node TCL Crash Course
 2879. @chapter TCL Crash Course
 2880. @cindex TCL
 2881. Not everyone knows TCL - this is not intended to be a replacement for
 2882. learning TCL, the intent of this chapter is to give you some idea of
 2883. how the TCL Scripts work.
 2884. This chapter is written with two audiences in mind. (1) OpenOCD users
 2885. who need to understand a bit more of how JIM-Tcl works so they can do
 2886. something useful, and (2) those that want to add a new command to
 2887. OpenOCD.
 2888. @section TCL Rule #1
 2889. There is a famous joke, it goes like this:
 2890. @enumerate
 2891. @item Rule #1: The wife is always correct
 2892. @item Rule #2: If you think otherwise, See Rule #1
 2893. @end enumerate
 2894. The TCL equal is this:
 2895. @enumerate
 2896. @item Rule #1: Everything is a string
 2897. @item Rule #2: If you think otherwise, See Rule #1
 2898. @end enumerate
 2899. As in the famous joke, the consequences of Rule #1 are profound. Once
 2900. you understand Rule #1, you will understand TCL.
 2901. @section TCL Rule #1b
 2902. There is a second pair of rules.
 2903. @enumerate
 2904. @item Rule #1: Control flow does not exist. Only commands
 2905. @* For example: the classic FOR loop or IF statement is not a control
 2906. flow item, they are commands, there is no such thing as control flow
 2907. in TCL.
 2908. @item Rule #2: If you think otherwise, See Rule #1
 2909. @* Actually what happens is this: There are commands that by
 2910. convention, act like control flow key words in other languages. One of
 2911. those commands is the word ''for'', another command is ''if''.
 2912. @end enumerate
 2913. @section Per Rule #1 - All Results are strings
 2914. Every TCL command results in a string. The word ''result'' is used
 2915. deliberatly. No result is just an empty string. Remember: @i{Rule #1 -
 2916. Everything is a string}
 2917. @section TCL Quoting Operators
 2918. In life of a TCL script, there are two important periods of time, the
 2919. difference is subtle.
 2920. @enumerate
 2921. @item Parse Time
 2922. @item Evaluation Time
 2923. @end enumerate
 2924. The two key items here are how ''quoted things'' work in TCL. TCL has
 2925. three primary quoting constructs, the [square-brackets] the
 2926. @{curly-braces@} and ''double-quotes''
 2927. By now you should know $VARIABLES always start with a $DOLLAR
 2928. sign. BTW, to set a variable, you actually use the command ''set'', as
 2929. in ''set VARNAME VALUE'' much like the ancient BASIC langauge ''let x
 2930. = 1'' statement, but without the equal sign.
 2931. @itemize @bullet
 2932. @item @b{[square-brackets]}
 2933. @* @b{[square-brackets]} are command subsitution. It operates much
 2934. like Unix Shell 'back-ticks'. The result of a [square-bracket]
 2935. operation is exactly 1 string. @i{Remember Rule #1 - Everything is a
 2936. string}. These two statments are roughly identical.
 2937. @example
 2938. # bash example
 2939. X='date'
 2940. echo "The Date is: $X"
 2941. # TCL example
 2942. set X [date]
 2943. puts "The Date is: $X"
 2944. @end example
 2945. @item @b{''double-quoted-things''}
 2946. @* @b{''double-quoted-things''} are just simply quoted
 2947. text. $VARIABLES and [square-brackets] are expanded in place - the
 2948. result however is exactly 1 string. @i{Remember Rule #1 - Everything
 2949. is a string}
 2950. @example
 2951. set x "Dinner"
 2952. puts "It is now \"[date]\", $x is in 1 hour"
 2953. @end example
 2954. @item @b{@{Curly-Braces@}}
 2955. @*@b{@{Curly-Braces@}} are magic: $VARIABLES and [square-brackets] are
 2956. parsed, but are NOT expanded or executed. @{Curly-Braces@} are like
 2957. 'single-quote' operators in BASH shell scripts, with the added
 2958. feature: @{curly-braces@} nest, single quotes can not. @{@{


text:
The Presidential Chain of Office and the University Mace were created by Mary Sartor, M.F.A., University of Colorado Boulder. Both were gifts to the university by Mr. and Mrs. David G. Hawthorn, Class of 1924.Colorado gold and silver are used in both pieces to symbolize the importance of these minerals to the history of the state. The chain's gem stones also consist entirely of minerals from Colorado.
The Presidential Chain of Office
The chain, created in 1980 for the inauguration of President Arnold R. Weber, holds three suspended pendants. The back pendant is the seal of the state of Colorado surrounded by a golden ribbon representing the golden circle of knowledge. The top pendant in the front is the seal of the University of Colorado surmounted by an arch set with diamonds and topaz, signifying the necessary link between the search for knowledge and its practical application to the world beyond the university. The laurel wreaths that decorate the bottom of the seal symbolize honor and success. At the center of the bottom pendant is a gold topaz indicating humankind's quest for knowledge. The surrounding ring is paved with fragmented cubes and diamonds.
The University Mace
The mace was created for the commencement ceremonies of May 1984. The foot of the scepter is encased in sterling silver bound in 14-karat gold, ending in an intaglio of the seal of Colorado. The shaft of the mace was carved from a black walnut tree thought to have been one of the saplings given to the settlers of the Colorado Territory by President Abraham Lincoln. Sterling silver is also used in the crown, and the university seal is bound in gold and supported by an inner rod of gold surrounded by eight arching tapered silver ribs. At the base, the motto of the university, translated as "Let your light shine," circles the crown in Greek characters. The wooden staff is bound at uneven intervals in gold and silver rings.


text:
Efficient Keypad Interface with EDE1144 Keypad Encoder IC
The EDE1144 Keypad Encoder IC, developed by E•Lab Digital Engineering (_URL_). It is specifically crafted for connecting a matrix-type 4 row × 4 column (16-key or fewer) keypad to a microcontroller or any other host processor. This IC offers a choice between a 1-wire serial or 4-wire parallel interface to transmit keypress data. It can be effectively paired with a 'data valid' signal for both polled and interrupt-driven applications. With advanced keypad features like contact debouncing and key auto-repeat, this IC simplifies the process. It significantly reduces software overhead in the host microcontroller and decreases the I/O pin requirements from eight to just one. This often leads to the use of a more budget-friendly host microcontroller in your design.
EMI Reduction through Efficient Keypad Scanning
The EDE1144 stands out for its electrically quiet operation. Unlike many keypad encoders that constantly scan the keypad, emitting EMI noise through the wires, the EDE1144 takes a different approach. It tackles this issue by employing stable signals for keypad monitoring and scanning only once each time a keypress is detected. This approach mitigates problems during emissions testing, final product certification, and approval processes.
Standard Application Circuit and Key Data Transmission
In the provided schematic, the EDE1144 is integrated between the keypad and the host microcontroller or processor. The host microcontroller receives keypress data through either the four parallel data outputs (D0-D3, Pins 6-9) or the Serial Data Output (Pin 1). Upon keypress detection, the Data Valid signal (Pin 17) is activated. This signal triggers not only during keypress but also in each key repeat cycle when a key is held down. Significantly, the Data Valid signal activates before the serial data transmission, allowing polled-style host serial systems, such as the BASIC Stamp™, or microcontrollers lacking a hardware UART, to enter the serial receive routine. This eliminates the need for continuous waiting for the start bit.
Data Output Handling and Corresponding ASCII Values
The host microcontroller reads data outputs from the row output pins (Pins 6-9). Notably, parallel output data should be read exclusively while the Data Valid (Pin 17) signal is active (Low). Upon startup, the four data output pins are high and remain high except when a key is pressed.
The accompanying table demonstrates the data values returned by the serial and parallel outputs of the EDE1144 for each keypress. It's essential to observe that the serial values are adjusted, specifically increased (by hexadecimal 30 ($30) for 0-9 and hex $37 for 10-15), aligning with the ASCII equivalent (0-9, A-F) of the BCD (binary-coded decimal) value present on the parallel outputs.


text:
What We Collect
The History Center of Cheboygan County collects materials documenting the history
of Cheboygan County. Our current collection includes nearly 10,000 artifacts, and more than 4,000 images that
represent more than 150 years of Cheboygan County's rich and fascinating history.
Our collecting activity focuses on several areas of
The list below describes the principal areas of our collection.
Our Scope of Collections Statement and Collecting Plan
(This is the official Statement, the summary is
Photographs, drawings, paintings and postcards that include scenes of the cities, towns, and villages of Cheboygan
County. Photographs or prints of locations and people from Cheboygan County.
Any items used
on the waters of the County--lakes, rivers, and streams.
Locally-made or worn uniforms from the armed services.
made or worn items of clothing worn by local celebrities or pieces that represent particular fashions or
that relates to the homes of county residents, including quilts, dishware and other household and
relate to any business that was carried on within Cheboygan County.
If you have an object that you might consider donating to
please use the form below to tell us about it.


text:
Teachers summer workshop at ESTEC
ESA is providing many innovative and inspiring aids to teachers to enhance their curriculum with space related subjects. Now ESA is inviting educators to a summer workshop at ESTEC in the Netherlands this summer from 28 to 30 June 2010.
ESA's Directorate of Human Spaceflight has been using the International Space Station as a 'classroom in space' for many educational events and for the production of educational material made available to teachers, science educators and all interested. ISS will continue in orbit till at least 2020 – and the educational side of the ISS will be even stonger in the future as the focus of the ISS activities is being turned from construction to routine operation.
European teachers have had access to HSF education resources consisting of both printed materials and web based resources which have been directly developed as a result of linking educational activities performed on the ISS to curriculum topics in their classrooms.
Most of the material is available online at ESA's Directorate of Human Spaceflight education pages; links to some services are on the right.
Summer workshop series
To facilitate this on-going support to European educators and to bring in new ideas, the Directorate of Human Spaceflight will begin a series of the summer workshops, and the first of these will be held at ESA's largest establishment ESTEC in the Netherlands this summer from 28 to 30 June.
Secondary school teachers from all the ESA Member State countries are invited to apply for a limited number of places. The countries are Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
The event will include:
- Workshops from science communicators and educators
- Hands on activities to take back to use in the classroom
- Resources from Human Spaceflight education (in your language choice)
- A say in what you would like to see as a future education resource from ESA Human Spaceflight
- A chance to brainstorm on education experiments that could be performed on the ISS
- Visit to ESTEC and Space Expo, a space themed science center with space related exhibits and museum located near ESTEC premices
- A talk from an astronaut.
Teachers will be able to share amongst themselves best practices in using space in the classroom from their experience.
Interested secondary school teachers are asked to fill in a application form in which they will need to send a short testimonial as to why they would make a suitable candidate for this workshop. The deadline for registration is 1 June and the successful candidates will be informed by 4 June 2010.
The final decision will be based on the motivation text sent in by teachers as well as to ensure a fair representation from all Member State countries. There will be a discretionary payment made towards transport costs however all other internal workshop costs and accommodation will be covered by ESA.
For more information:
Directorate of Human Spaceflight, ESA
Tel. +31 71 _PHONE_


text:
In the 5 kg of blood of adult human after three 10° beers consumed shortly after another is 6.6 g of the alcohol. How much is it as per mille?
Did you find an error or inaccuracy? Feel free to write us. Thank you!
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Related math problems and questions:
After three 10° beers consumed in a short time, there is 5.6 g of alcohol in 6 kg adult human blood. How much is it per mille?
- Drunk man
Drunkman has 2.6‰ of alcohol in the blood. How many grams of alcohol has in blood, if he have 5 kg of blood?
- Drunk and alcohol
One drunk measured 2.7 ‰ alcohol in the blood, another 1.75 ‰. How many grams of alcohol in the blood they had if they has 6 kg of blood?
- Car crash
After a traffic accident, police measured 1.16 permille of alcohol in the driver's blood. What amount of alcohol did the driver have in the blood when about 5 kg of blood circulates in the human body?
- Permille of alcohol
I have 2 per mille of alcohol in my blood. How many milliliters is it when I have 5 liters of blood?
- Three examples per-mille
A. Calculate 1.5 ‰ from 4.5 liters of blood. Express the result in milliliters. B. Calculate three ‰ from € 50,000. C. The tray they brought breakfast to the landlord's bed is made of an alloy that contains 830 ‰ of silver. How much silver did they use on
In the human body, the blood is about 7.3% body weight. How many kilograms of blood are in the human body with weight 109 kg?
- Beef taxation
How much should the price of 2.5 kg of beef change, which in December cost € 5.71 per 1 kg if VAT changed from 20% to 10%. how much will 2.5kg cost from January?
For horizontal distance 4.2 km road rise by 6.3 m. Calculate the road pitch in ‰ (permille, parts per thousand).
Calculate how many 25 kg bags of leveling concrete must be purchased if we leveling room 15 m2 to the "height" 6 mm if consumtion is 1.5 kg per square meter and millimeter thickness.
Wood contains 12% water. 1 m3 of wood weighs 650 kg. How many liters of water it contains?
- Mountain railway
Height difference between points A, B of railway line is 38.5 meters, their horizontal distance is 3.5 km. Determine average climb in permille up the track.
- Bronze medal
To produce 1 kg of bronze must be 0.95 kg copper, 0.04 kg of tin, 0.01 kg zinc. The bronze medal has a weight of 8.5 g. How much copper, tin and zinc does medal have?
- Barrel 3
Barrel with water weights 118 kg. When we get off 75% of water, it weights 35 kg. How many kg has an empty barrel?
Fresh mushrooms contain 94% water, dried 14%. How many kg of fresh mushrooms is needed to collect to get 10 kg dried?
- Barrel 2
Empty barrel weighs 7 kg. When it filled with water up to 45% height, weighs 60 kg. How heavy is barrel full of water?
- Basic form
Expressed the ratios of values in the basic form: 0,5 t : 1,2 kg 200 l : 0,15 m3 12 t : 3600 kg 500 kg : 2,5 t 0,9 kg : 500 g 3,6 m : 240 cm 1200 mm : 2,4 m 300 l : 0,3 m3 6 min 30 s : 900 s


text:
Hungary: Lake Balaton
Orbit 34144 (ascending) Frame 2662, October 31, 2001 9:37 GMT
Image shows Lake Balaton and its surroundings. Located in the Transdanubia region,
Western Hungary, the Balaton is the largest freshwater lake in central Europe.
It stretches along the southern foothills of the
Bakony Mountains and represents an important
recreational and fishing
resource, although it is severely polluted.
On the lake's north shore, the conservation reserve
and national park of Tihanyl-felsziget.
Fine vineyards grow all along the other parts of the
lake shore and complete the landscape of the region,
characterised by rolling hills with highly fertile soil.
Click on the thumbnail image to see a higher resolution version of this image;
a very high resolution image, 983 x 1023 pixels, 430530 bytes, is also available.
Keywords: ESA European
Space Agency - Agence spatiale europeenne,
observation de la terre, earth observation,
satellite remote sensing,
teledetection, geophysique, altimetrie, radar,
chimique atmospherique, geophysics, altimetry, radar,


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The dances of the English court were heavily influenced by what was happening in Europe at the time, particularly in France and Italy. Performances are based on carefully researched dance and music manuals of the period. Passamezzo Early Dance takes its name from the 'Passamezzo' - a typical 16th century Italian dance.
The dances are performed in lavish period costumes that have been thoroughly researched from primary sources. The fabrics, styles and even the underwear are as historically correct as possible. The overall effect is to bring the Renaissance to life.
Recent example shown here is a Torch Dance performed at Leominster Priory as part of a re-enactment of a Tudor masque.
The Passamezzo Early Dancers are often accompanied by the Border Waites, a five-part ensemble based on the municipal town bands common all over Europe between the 15th and 18th centuries. Their members are drawn from principle theatres and early-music ensembles including The Royal Shakespeare Theatre, The Globe Theatre, The Corelli Orchestra, The King's Consort & The Gabrieli Players.


text:
Noun(1) one living on or coming from the other side of the Alps from Italy
Adjective(1) on or relating to or characteristic of the region or peoples beyond the Alps from Italy (or north of the Alps
(1) These men belonged to a transalpine cultural world.(2) Communications were improved through extensive construction of roads and waterways, most notably the transalpine Simplon Pass, completed in 1805.(3) In Renaissance Diplomacy Garrett Mattingly traces the development of the residential form of diplomacy among the five Italian city-states that eventually made its way into transalpine Europe.(4) Local specialities like marinated eel with shallots co-exist with transalpine dishes involving foie gras or oysters.(5) Transalpine freight in border-to-border transit shall be carried by rail.(6) The government is negotiating to buy a share in the Transalpine Pipeline, which pumps Azeri oil from the Italian port of Trieste to Germany, in a bid to lower energy dependence on Russia.
(1) transalpine :: transalpine
1. ultramontane ::
English to Uzbek Dictionary: transalpine
Meaning and definitions of transalpine, translation in Uzbek language for transalpine with similar and opposite words. Also find spoken pronunciation of transalpine in Uzbek and in English language.
Tags for the entry "transalpine"
What transalpine means in Uzbek, transalpine meaning in Uzbek, transalpine definition, examples and pronunciation of transalpine in Uzbek language.


text:
Matokeo ya kidato cha pili Tanga 2022 – Matokeo ya kidato cha pili Tanga 2022
Matokeo ya kidato cha pili Tanga 2022 – Matokeo ya kidato cha pili Tanga 2022; Tanzania's form two results for the 2022/2023 academic year will soon be released and students
across the country are eagerly awaiting the outcome. This is a crucial moment in the lives of many young people in Tanzania, It is a time of great anticipation, but also one of intense pressure, as students hope to achieve the best possible results. With the right amount of preparation and hard work, students can make sure they are well-prepared to handle the challenge of the form two results. The results will open up new opportunities and help students to get one step closer to achieving their dreams.
Form two results are an important milestone in any student's academic journey. Students in Tanzania who are awaiting the results of their form two examinations for the 2022/2023 school year can take comfort in knowing that their hard work and dedication will pay off. With the right approach, students can achieve success in their exams and make the most of their results. This article will provide an overview of the Form Two Results 2022/2023 Tanzania, including what they mean, how they are determined, and how they can be used to further a student's academic goals.
The quantification for grade ranges at FTNA results shall be as follows
75 – 100 = A – indicating excellent
60 – 74 = B+ – indicating very good
50 – 59 = B – indicating food
40 – 49 = C – indicating average
30 – 39 = D – indicating satisfactory
20 – 29 = E – indicating unsatisfactory
0 – 19 = F – indicating fail
The weight for each grade shall be A= 5, B+ = 4, B=3, C = 2, D = 1, E = 0.5 and F = 0
Grades A, B+, B and C shall be regarded as credit while D shall be regarded as the lowest pass.
Grades E and F shall not be considered in calculating GPA.
How to check form two results Tanga | steps to view Form two necta 2022 Results Tanga
Use this article to download full pdf in form two results 2022/2023
_TAG_ 01;Turn on Internet data in your phone or computer
_TAG_ 02; Log in to chrome or opera then click _URL_
_TAG_ 03; If you are on a special necta website Search the area labeled FTNA results
_TAG_ 04; Then click the FTNA results area
##When you are on the page make sure you click on the area marked Matokeo ya kidato cha pili 2022/2023 necta or Form two necta format 2022 Results
How to Check Form Two results Via SMS
_TAG_ 01; Go to your phone write message and type <> example#rank* S0130*ftna*2020 (Send SMS to 15311)
The process Cost per SMS is Tshs 200/= This service is only available for Tigo, Vodacom and Zantel subscribers.
_TAG_ 03; Final you can check your results
About form two National Assessment examination tanzania
The Form Two National Assessment examination is conducted every year in Tanzania. It is a key step in advancing students' reading and writing skills and also covers their knowledge of other subjects like Basic mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Geography, History, English, Kiswahili, Civics, Biology, And other subjects
The National Examinations Council of Tanzania (NECTA) is a Government Institution which was established by the Parliamentary Act No. 21 of 1973. NECTA is responsible for the administration of all National Examinations in Tanzania.
The decision to establish NECTA was a follow-up of an earlier move, in April 1971, when Tanzania Mainland pulled out of the East African Examinations Council (EAEC) to conduct her own examinations. Zanzibar pulled out of EAEC in 1970. Before the pull out, between 1968 and 1971, Tanzania sat for foreign Secondary School Examinations conducted jointly by the East African Syndicate, which before then were conducted by the Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate alone. The Examinations conducted by the Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate then were the School Certificate and the Higher School Certificate Examinations. The School Certificate Examinations was taken by the African Students for the first time in 1947 and that of the Higher School Certificate in 1960.
Summary of NECTA's History
After Tanzania Mainland had pulled out of the East African Examinations Council, in 1971 and before NECTA was established by Law, in 1973, the Curriculum and Examinations Section of the Ministry of Education was responsible for all examinations. With the establishment of NECTA, the Examinations became its responsibility in accordance with the law. The Curriculum continued to be under the Ministry of Education and the University College, Tanga until when it was taken over by the newly established, autonomous Institute of Curriculum Development (ICD) in 1975, which in 1993 was renamed as the Tanzania Institute of Education (TIE).
Between 1972 and 1976 the first staff of NECTA were recruited, among them was Mr. P. P Gandye who was recruited in 1972 and later on in 1994 was appointed as Executive Secretary. The other staff members continued to be recruited and especially so when NECTA's premises moved from the Ministry of Education Headquarters to the present premises at Kijitonyama near Mwenge. Presently the number of NECTA's staff is more than 250.


Junk Removal Services
Understanding Different Types of Dumpsters – Which One Is Right for You?
Different types of dumpsters serve various waste removal needs. Understanding the differences between these Dumpster Rental In Baltimore MD can help you make a more informed decision on which one is right for your project.
dumpster rental
Roll-off dumpsters are rectangular containers with open tops that can be hauled away on a garbage truck. They are often used in construction projects and large home clean-outs. Front-load dumpsters are often found behind businesses that generate regular trash, such as restaurants and offices.
Residential Dumpsters
Dumpsters are essential for managing waste, but the type you need depends on whether you're a homeowner or a business owner. Understanding the differences between residential and commercial dumpsters helps you select a rental solution that meets your specific needs.
Residential dumpsters are designed to manage the waste generated by household activities and small-scale renovation projects. They're typically smaller than commercial dumpsters, with capacities ranging from 10 to 30 cubic yards. This size is ideal for cleaning out garages, attics, and basements, doing full home cleanouts, renovating kitchens and bathrooms, or tackling other household projects. They're also great for disposing of landscaping debris and general trash.
Because of the nature of residential waste, these dumpsters often have stricter weight restrictions than their commercial counterparts. It's important to keep this in mind when filling your dumpster to avoid overfilling and potential penalties. It's also helpful to group similar items together when possible to reduce the amount of waste you have to haul away.
Commercial dumpsters are used to manage the significant volumes of waste created by businesses and large-scale construction projects. These dumpsters are often larger than residential dumpsters, with capacities ranging from 20 to 40 cubic yards or more. This is because commercial operations generate a higher volume of waste than households, necessitating the need for greater capacity. These dumpsters are also usually rented on a longer-term basis than their residential counterparts, as businesses need to have access to waste disposal services regularly. This allows them to manage their waste more efficiently and ensures that they're compliant with local environmental regulations. In addition, many businesses have specific requirements for what they can dispose of in their dumpsters, such as electronic waste and hazardous materials.
Commercial Dumpsters
Designed with a heavier-duty build to accommodate larger waste volumes, commercial dumpsters are ideal for businesses that generate significant amounts of trash. Businesses and construction sites typically generate various types of waste, including paper, packaging, and even hazardous materials. A larger volume, along with specific waste disposal restrictions, necessitates a larger dumpster size to manage these varied waste streams.
Unlike residential dumpsters, which often have a flat open top and are positioned at the front of the property for easy access, commercial dumpsters have a slightly curved back and are rolled off from the rear for convenient waste removal. Depending on the waste generation needs of a given business, different sizes are available from two to eight cubic yards.
Commercial dumpsters are rented on a long-term basis and provide consistent waste management services for businesses that produce significant quantities of trash. Regularly scheduled pickups allow businesses to operate without interruption, facilitating an efficient work environment. The proper dumpster size also ensures that waste procedures never impede workflow.
Homeowners and small-scale projects benefit from residential dumpster rentals, which are designed to handle a variety of household waste. These containers are capable of managing general debris, old furniture, and appliances, along with the remnants of a smaller renovation or cleaning project. Residential dumpsters are often rented on an occasional basis, aligning with the sporadic nature of household waste production.
Rear-Load Dumpsters
Dumpsters are used to transport and store waste materials. They are available in a variety of sizes to meet different waste management needs. Each type of dumpster has a specific design to suit its intended purpose. Understanding these differences can help you select the right dumpster for your project.
For large-scale projects that generate a lot of trash, a roll-off dumpster is ideal. These containers have a slanted back and use a winch system to connect to the rear of a garbage truck. This allows the truck to pull the dumpster upwards, dumping trash into the truck's trash bin. These types of dumpsters are commonly used at construction sites, large home renovation projects, and community clean-up events.
Commercial dumpsters are larger, permanent containers that stay at a business' location. They handle all of the business's weekly waste and recycling. Employees fill the container with waste and recyclables each week, and the garbage truck comes to empty it on a scheduled schedule. These are common at offices, restaurants, and small businesses that have consistent waste disposal needs.
Dumpsters that are designed for recycling help businesses reduce their environmental impact while improving operational efficiency. These containers have specialized compartments for collecting and storing different recyclable materials. They can be either front-loading or rear-loading and come in a variety of sizes. Some are even on wheels to make it easier to move around the office or warehouse. If you are interested in having a recycling dumpster at your company, talk to a waste disposal expert to learn more about the options available.
Construction Dumpsters
If you're in the construction business, effective waste management is crucial for your job site. It not only keeps costs down and projects running smoothly but also promotes material recycling and environmental sustainability efforts. To accomplish this goal, having dumpsters on site that accommodate a variety of materials is critical. This means that it's important to understand the distinctions between different types of dumpsters so you can choose one for your specific needs.
For instance, some construction dumpsters have a dedicated space for disposing of dirt and concrete waste. This is particularly useful for major demolitions, driveway replacements, and home foundation removals that involve large amounts of these materials. Similarly, other dumpsters can handle a variety of general construction debris, such as lumber, drywall, scrap metal, packaging materials, and more.
The size of your project is another important factor in determining which dumpster you'll need. For example, smaller construction sites may only require a 10- or 15-yard dumpster for waste disposal. Meanwhile, larger construction sites that produce a lot of waste over an extended period will require a 30- or 40-yard dumpster.
For most purposes, the most common type of dumpster is a debris dumpster, which typically has between 10 and 40 cubic yard capacities. These containers are the most commonly seen on construction sites and can handle a wide variety of waste materials. Whether you're conducting minor renovations or a large-scale construction project, these containers can help ensure that your worksite is clean and organized throughout your project. They also allow for frequent waste removal, ensuring that your worksite remains clear and productive. Keep in mind that these containers have weight limits, so be sure to consult with your dumpster rental company about the maximum allowed materials before renting.
Hazardous Waste Dumpsters
Choosing the right dumpster for your business depends on a few factors, including the scope of your project and local regulations. For example, some municipalities require permits for dumpster placement on public property, while others have different waste restrictions and rental terms for residential versus commercial projects. Other factors to consider include the amount of waste you generate and how often you need to dispose of it. Using the wrong type of dumpster could lead to overflows, unnecessarily high disposal costs, and environmental concerns.
Understanding the differences between the various types of dumpsters is important for businesses that manage large amounts of waste regularly. This way, you can select the type of container that suits your needs and complies with local regulations.
For example, you can't throw hazardous waste in a standard roll-off dumpster. This is because these materials pose a threat to the environment and could create fires, chemical reactions, and explosions during the normal disposal process. In addition, they may contain toxic or dangerous chemicals, liquids, Freon, or bio-medical waste. These materials must be transported to a specialized waste facility for safe disposal.
To avoid penalties for improper waste disposal, it's important to familiarize yourself with the local laws regarding dumpster rentals. In addition to fines, violating these laws can also tarnish your company's reputation and lead to negative publicity. The best way to avoid these issues is by knowing the rules in advance and staying up-to-date on any changes that occur. To learn more about the different types of dumpsters and how they are used, contact a reputable waste management company. They can help you choose the right dumpster for your business and provide tips on how to avoid violations.


text:
Automated Threat Recognition (ATR) Algorithms for Explosion Detection Systems
The final report for this workshop available at:
ADSA08 focused on automated threat recognition (ATR) algorithms for explosion detection systems was held at Northeastern University in Boston on October 24-25, 2012.
The topic of ATR was chosen for the workshop in order to support the Department of Homeland Security's (DHS) objective of improving the detection performance of existing technologies. Improved detection performance is defined as increased probability of detection, decreased probability of false alarms, lower detected threat mass and an increase in the number of types of explosives detected.
The topics that were addressed at the workshop are as follows:
- ATR for:
- CT-based EDS
- Whole body imaging (WBI) & Advanced Imaging Technology (AIT)
- Carry-on baggage inspection
- Fused systems
- Risk based screening
- Behavioral detection
- Detection explosives implanted in a passenger's body
- XBS dose
- Accelerating deployment of third party advances
The presentations and discussions concentrated on imaging devices such as CT-based EDS and Advanced Imaging Technology.
The workshop was successful fostering interaction between third parties and vendors, reducing barriers to their working together, now and in the future. It also directly led to increased third party involvement in the development of advanced ATR algorithms. This conclusion is based on anecdotal evidence of the number of third parties engaging in discussions with vendors during the workshop and the editors' knowledge of third parties consulting for the vendors.
- For an imaging device:
- ATR should be defined as an operation with images as input and a yes/no decision on the presence of a threat as an output
- ATR should include the following steps: segmentation, feature extraction, correction for device imperfections and classification.
- It would be very difficult for a third party to develop, without direct assistance from a vendor, an ATR for a deployed explosive detection device (e.g., an EDS) for the following reasons.
- Detection requirements are classified
- Data from deployed equipment are SSI or classified, and are under export control
- There is no publicly available set of images that are representative of challenging ATR problems for explosive detection systems.
- The business interests of the vendors should be protected
- DHS/TSA policies do not allow TSL to test components (e.g., an ATR) separate from a complete scanner.
- Third parties can make advances to ATR by working with data and requirements that are in the public domain. This task could be accomplished through the following steps.
- Detect a set of benign objects such as peanut butter and rubber sheets.
- Write detection requirements based on these benign objects
- Scan these objects on an equivalent device in a related field. For example, for x-ray based EDS, scan on a medical CT scanner.
- Provide an environment in which third parties, industry and Government can interact
- The following topics should be considered in detail in the future.
- Developing and testing ATRs with few training and test samples.
- Developing metrics for improved performance when the confidence intervals for tests of PD and PFA are large due to small data sets.
- Funding for researchers from DHS, TSA, government laboratories, and industry.
- Incentives from the TSA for vendors to deploy equipment with improved detection performance. These incentives will lead to the deployment of advanced ATR algorithms.
- Developing ATRs with support for risk-based screening, deterrence and the human in the loop.


8
How does one get a char/CChar in Swift? I need to call the following method:
- (void)registerOption:(NSString *)longOption shortcut:(char)shortOption requirement:(GBValueRequirements)requirement;
I can pass the ASCII form of the char, but that is annoying. Is there a simple way to get the char at a certain index in a string?
5
4 Answers 4
9
You can convert a Swift string to a Cstring and then just grab the first (and only) character:
var charString = "a"
var ccharOptional = charString.cStringUsingEncoding(NSUTF8StringEncoding)?[0] // CChar?
var cchar = (charString.cStringUsingEncoding(NSUTF8StringEncoding)?[0])! // CChar
1
 - 1
 Thanks. It's too bad there isn't a simpler/prettier way to do that, though. Jun 23, 2014 at 17:12
3
Using Swift 3.0:
let cchar = "a".utf8CString[0]
(not sure when this was actually introduced, tho)
2
With Swift 5, you can use one of the two following ways in order to get a collection of CChar from a String instance.
#1. Using Swift's utf8CString property
String has a utf8CString property. utf8CString has the following declaration:
var utf8CString: ContiguousArray<CChar> { get }
A contiguously stored null-terminated UTF-8 representation of the string.
The Playground sample code below shows how to use utf8CString:
let string = "Café 👍"
let bytes = string.utf8CString
print(bytes) // prints: [67, 97, 102, -61, -87, 32, -16, -97, -111, -115, 0]
#2. Using StringProtocol's cString(using:) method
Foundation provides String a cString(using:) method. cString(using:) has the following declaration:
func cString(using encoding: String.Encoding) -> [CChar]?
Returns a representation of the string as a C string using a given encoding.
The Playground sample code below shows how to get a collection of CChar from an string using cString(using:):
import Foundation
let string = "Café 👍"
let bytes = string.cString(using: String.Encoding.utf8)
print(bytes) // prints: Optional([67, 97, 102, -61, -87, 32, -16, -97, -111, -115, 0])
0
In swift3 (3.0.2): let cchar = "abc".cString(using: .utf8) returns array of CChar.
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I need to change a function named "CalibrationLevel" but first I want to make sure I understand completely it's role in the system, in this case Qt 5.9.
How to do it in Softagram?
 1. Locate the function: just type "CalibrationLevel" to the search bar. Search is case-insensitive.
 2. Right click the function in question and select Inbound View from dropdown menu.
 3. To see all possible call paths, you want to increase the "Dependency Lookup Level". Below I increased it from 1 to 5.
 4. To see the function level details across the call paths you might need to increase the "Detail Level" too (in my example it is 11). Note that I used "Aggregated Incoming Dependency" KPI to highlight the most critical components along the call paths.
In 15 seconds you can get full understanding how your change would affect the whole system, and it could easily save an hour of grepping and constructing an idea of the dependencies in your mind, or drawing it to a piece of paper.
Extra tip:
Now that you have readily proper view settings for call paths, you can check them for any function just by typing the function name to the search bar.
E.g. in the example above, searching again for "CalibrationLevel" would give me the graph of all functions named "CalibrationLevel" (instead of just the one we looked at above), showing their users and possible refactoring targets:
Did this answer your question?


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Transgender youth should be able to have the correct ID to match their gender identity. "Arizona should not be allowed to require my son to undergo surgery before it recognizes him for who he is."
PHOENIX, AZ – Today, the National Center for Lesbian Rights (NCLR), along with co-counsel Cooley LLP and Osborn Maledon, P.A. filed a lawsuit challenging Arizona's requirement that transgender people undergo surgery before the Arizona Department of Health Services (ADHS) will correct the sex listed on their birth certificate. That requirement excludes transgender youth from correcting their birth certificates.
The plaintiffs—D.T., Jane Doe, and Helen Roe—are transgender youth who are seeking to correct their birth certificates. Having to use their current, and inaccurate, birth certificates forces them to disclose their transgender status, private information they do not want to share, which causes them serious emotional harm and puts them at risk of discrimination, harassment, and violence.
Requiring surgery bars transgender young people from correcting the gender marker on Arizona birth certificates because, with limited exceptions, transgender young people do not undergo any surgical treatment. As a result, transgender young people like D.T., Jane, and Helen are unable to obtain accurate birth certificates.
The lawsuit alleges that Arizona's surgical requirement violates the Equal Protection and Due Process Clauses of the Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. Because of the severe bullying and harassment Jane experienced in school, the Plaintiffs' lawyers also filed a Motion for Preliminary Injunction seeking a court order requiring ADHS to issue Jane a corrected birth certificate so that her parents can enroll her in a new school before in-person learning resumes in January 2021.
"Arizona should not be allowed to require my son to undergo surgery before it recognizes him for who he is. There are so many things he would like to do, like sign up to play recreational basketball, but he often stops himself because he is worried about how people will react when they find out he is transgender. As a result, he is missing out on formative experiences to protect his privacy, a choice no kid should ever have to make," said Lizette Trujillo, D.T.'s mother.
"Access to corrected identity documents is critically important to the health and well-being of transgender people. For young people, the birth certificate affects everything from school records to camp registration and sports participation," said Asaf Orr, Senior Staff Attorney and Director of the Transgender Youth Project at the National Center for Lesbian Rights. "The U.S. Constitution protects the right of transgender people to be who they are without interference from the government. Arizona's surgery requirement runs afoul of that fundamental constitutional principle."
"Arizona needlessly prevents transgender young people from correcting their birth certificate, an essential identity document. The surgical requirement serves no legitimate purpose and causes untold harm," said Barrett Anderson, Attorney for Cooley LLP
[From a News Release]


text: Today on the show Michael Covel interviews author Brendan Moynihan. Moynihan's co-authored book, "What I Learned Losing a Million Dollars" is a profile of trader Jim Paul along with Moynihan's ideas and thoughts on behavioral finance, risk management, and loss-taking strategies that all great traders act upon. Although released almost twenty years ago Moynihan's book contains timeless wisdom and principles that pertain to any number of issues surrounding us today. Covel and Moynihan talk about how Moynihan's background, the background of his subject, Jim Paul, and how the two came together in "What I Learned Losing a Million Dollars"; the psychology of loss and what we can learn from losing; the idea that you "just have to make the money" and why that can be a bad place to start as a motivator; personalizing loss; Paul's interactions with Rich Dennis; studying the contradictions of great traders, and how loss is the only topic they agree on; controlling how much you can lose; staying the course and the importance of not changing your strategy mid-stream; profit motive vs. prophet motive; the difference between investors, traders, speculators, bettors, and gamblers; the slippery slope of always wanting to be "right"; the five stages of internal loss; the danger of personalizing your success; the difference between discrete events vs. continuous events; the "uncle" point; why it's important to go broke at least once in your life; and the difference between emotions and emotionalism. Receive free DVD: _URL_.