The cars on U.S. roads are older than they've ever been.
A recent survey found that the average age of U.S. vehicles is now at a record high of 11.5 years.
That means the average passenger car on the road today was built for the 2004 model year--and that there's a long tail of cars stretching well back into the 1990s around you in daily traffic.
DON'T MISS: Gas Prices Matter To U.S. Households, But Only Somewhat
The statistic comes from research firm IHS Automotive, which supplied a few reasons for increased average car age, according to The Car Connection.
One reason is that cars built over the last decade or so are better made than ones made 20 or 30 years ago--a response to consistent consumer calls for increased reliability.
Greater electric-car adoption could accelerate this trend even further because: Without combustion engines, electric cars have far fewer parts that can break or wear out.
2004 Honda Civic Coupe
2004 Honda Civic Coupe
Of course, the resilience of cars doesn't matter if people don't continue driving them.
The data indicate people are using their older cars more, and a lower rate of crashes means fewer cars are taken off the road due to damage.
And while new-car purchases are on the rise, many recent buyers likely haven't bought a new car in a long time.
ALSO SEE: U.S.P.S. 'Long Life' Vehicles Last 25 Years, But Age Shows Now
Buyers now keep new cars for an average 77.8 months--26 months longer than they did in 2006.
Used-car buyers keep their purchases an average 63 months, a 25-month increase.
This may still be due to the aftereffects of the Great Recession, which severely depressed car sales and caused the average age of cars to spike.
2004 Nissan Sentra
2004 Nissan Sentra
While showroom traffic is still strong and sales are at 10-year highs, IHS believes the average age of cars on U.S. roads will continue to increase, albeit more slowly.
It predicts the volume of vehicles aged zero to five years will increase 24 percent over the next five years, and the volume of sixto 11-year-old vehicles will decline by 11 percent.
MORE: Reduce, Reuse, Recycle: Average Vehicle Now 11.4 Years Old, Oldest Since WW2 (Aug 2013)
But the volume of cars aged 12 years or more will increase 15 percent by 2020, researchers say.
The average age of vehicles is expected to reach 11.6 years in 2016, and 11.7 years in 2018.
When those cars do get replaced, though, increasingly-strict efficiency standards mean it will almost certainly be with something that uses less fuel.
Follow GreenCarReports on Facebook, Twitter, and Google+.


developers, as is often the case. But the problem can very well be on Nox's side, of course, and in that case we want to fix it! Also bear in mind that Nox's developers have limited resources and no way to test all the possible server combinations, so you'll have to do most of the testing.
Commands and keybindings
Here's a summary of available commands:
 - M-x nox
 , as described above;
 - M-x nox-reconnect
 reconnects to the server;
 - M-x nox-shutdown
 says bye-bye to the server;
 - M-x nox-rename
 ask the server to rename the symbol at point, if rename work, please use command
 nox-stderr-buffer
 , must something rename tool not install, sch as python need
 rope
 for rename operation;
 - M-x nox-format
 asks the server to format buffer or the active region;
 - M-x nox-show-doc
 show documentation for symbol at point.
 - M-x nox-events-buffer
 jumps to the events buffer for debugging communication with the server.
 - M-x nox-stderr-buffer
 if the LSP server is printing useful debug information in stderr, jumps to a buffer with these contents.
 - M-x nox-signal-didChangeConfiguration
 updates the LSP server configuration according to the value of the variable
 nox-workspace-configuration
 , which you may be set in a
 .dir-locals
 file, for example.
 - M-x xref-find-definitions
 find the definition of the identifier at point.
 - M-x xref-find-definitions-other-window
 find the definition of the identifier at point in other window.
 - M-x xref-pop-marker-stack
 pop bck to where xref-find-definitions last invoked.
 - M-x xref-find-references
 find references to the identifier at point.
Customization
Here's a quick summary of the customization options. In Nox's customization group (
M-x customize-group
) there is more documentation on what these do.
 - nox-doc-tooltip-font
 : The font for documentation tooltip, font format follow rule
 fontname-fontsize
 .
 - nox-doc-tooltip-border-width
 : The border width of documentation tooltip.
 - nox-doc-tooltip-timeout
 : The timeout of documentation tooltip show time, default is 30 seconds, tooltip will hide after you change cursor point.
 - nox-doc-name
 : The name of documentation tooltip.
 - nox-candidate-annotation-limit
 : The width limit of candidate annotation.
 - nox-autoreconnect
 : Control ability to reconnect automatically to the LSP server;
 - nox-connect-timeout
 : Number of seconds before timing out LSP connection attempts;
 - nox-sync-connect
 : Control blocking of LSP connection attempts;
 - nox-events-buffer-size
 : Control the size of the Nox events buffer;
 - nox-ignored-server-capabilites
 : LSP server capabilities that Nox could use, but won't;
 - nox-confirm-server-initiated-edits
 : If non-nil, ask for confirmation before allowing server to edit the source buffer's text;
There are a couple more variables that you can customize via Emacs lisp:
 - nox-server-programs
 : as described above;
 - nox-strict-mode
 : Set to
 nil
 by default, meaning Nox is generally lenient about non-conforming servers. Set this to
 (disallow-non-standard-keys enforce-required-keys)
 when debugging servers.
 - nox-server-initialized-hook
 : Hook run after server is successfully initialized;
 - nox-managed-mode-hook
 : Hook run after Nox started or stopped managing a buffer. Use
 nox-managed-p
 to tell if current buffer is still being managed.
 - nox-php-server
 : Language server for PHP, default is
 intelephense
 , you can set with other value:
 php-language-server
 - nox-omni-sharp-path
 : Language server path for OmniSharp, default is
 ~/.emacs.d/.cache/omnisharp/server/v1.34.5/OmniSharp.exe
 , you can set with other value.
 - nox-python-server
 : Language server for Python, default is
 mspyls
 , you can set with other value:
 pyls
 or
 pyright
 .
If you choose
mspyls
: 1. Execute command
nox-print-mspyls-download-url
get download url of mspyls. 2. Then extract to the directory ~/.emacs.d/nox/mspyls/ 3. Permission: '''sudo chmod -R +x ~/.emacs.d/nox/mspyls/
Note mspyls need index file before respond completion request, so please don't test single file under HOME directory, that will cost few minutes to index file, and
pyls
haven't this problem.
 - nox-optimization-p
 : Improve performance by adjust GC limit and disable
 bidi-display-reordering
 . If you don't need Nox set this, change this option to nil.
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text:
The Value of a GIft
Why Your Gifts Matter
Alumna Michele Karnash Mandell '69 discusses how scholarships played an important role in her education at Cal U and the financial challenges that students face today and Alexandra Brooks talks about the hardships she faced as a teenager and how a Cal U scholarship broke her cycle of life.
See how a coal miner's sacrifices continue to inspire generations of teachers and students.
Watch the stories of peer mentoring participants and see the impact of giving time to help others.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
It's my body: calls to ChildLine Scotland about sexual health and wellbeing
MetadataShow full item record
The last decade has seen increasing efforts by central and local government to target sexual health services and initiatives at young people in order to improve their sexual health. However, for Scotland's Sexual Health Strategy and associated initiatives to be effectively implemented, more information is needed about children and young people's own views, concerns and experiences regarding their sexual health and well-being. This briefing reports on a research study funded by the Scottish Executive and carried out by the Centre for Research on Families and Relationships (CRFR) and ChildLine Scotland to explore over 14,000 calls made to the helpline in this area. Calls to ChildLine Scotland about sexual health and well-being issues, including sexual abuse, have increased steadily over the years and are the primary reason for calling in over a quarter of all calls. These calls reflect children's own agendas, supporting an approach which treats children and young people as competent reporters on their own lives.


text:
Tenerife set to become communications nexus
TELECOMS| April 16, 2012, 9:13 a.m.
The Council of Tenerife has announced a new initiative that will convert Tenerife into a global hub for communications traffic from Africa, Europe and the Americas.
The objective of the ALIX initiative is to transform Tenerife, in the Canary Islands, into a main link within the global telecommunications network via the development of the neutral Internet access point (or NAP) for Western Africa-Canary Islands, the Island Telecommunications Ring and the CanaLink Project.
As a result of the geographical location of the Canary Islands in a key zone between Latin America, Africa and the rest ofEurope, the Archipelago acts as a privileged tri-continental bridge. Status as a platform between three continents offers many advantages in a number of areas including cultural, social, economic, business spheres. All areas of our daily lives can be benefitted via good management of the location of the Islands within this globalised world.
The Western Africa-Canary Islands Nap (Network Access Point) is the element that will enable Tenerife to exploit its possibilities as a tri-continental platform and bridge, commencing with fundamental issue: communications. The Nap, to be installed in Granadilla, will house various existing submarine cable links along with others that are being prepared both between the Islands and within the Canary Islands-Europe-Africa-Latin America axis.
Therefore, the Council of Tenerife's Western Africa-Canary Islands Nap will act as a neutral data centre that not only serves as a point of concentration and distribution of international connectivity, but also as a base infrastructure for local information technology companies interested in competing overseas, or international companies that wish to operate in Western Africa using Tenerife as a platform, with the legal security afforded by location in the EU, hoping to benefit from the additional fiscal advantages associated with the Canary Islands' status as an Outermost Region.
In order to provide alternatives to internal connections, the Council is creating a fibre-optic cable network that will allow the Island to provide its own infrastructure for voice and data transmission.
The first phase will see the southern zone of Tenerife linked to the facilities of the Canary Islands Astrophysics Institute, using the layout of the roads and motorways on the Island. The second phase will see fibre-optics extended to the north and south-east, also via the road network managed by the Island Corporation.
The Island Telecommunications Ring of Tenerife will also be connected to the Western Africa-Canary Islands Nap.
The CanaLink project is another cornerstone of ALIX. CanaLink will contribute to the end of the monopoly within cable communications. CanaLink is formed by the Telecommunications Technology Institute (IT3) and the neutral submarine cable operator, IslaLink. It is responsible for laying a new cable between Tenerife and Rota (Cadiz), which will result in the liberalisation of the sector.
This submarine cable will avoid failures in data transmission and will afford high levels of quality to telecommunications within the Archipelago. It will fulfil the demands of the various telecommunications operators that operate in the remainder of the national territory that currently have their access to the market of the Canary Islands restricted.
MORE TELECOMS NEWS
MTN to empower African businesses with AWS Direct ConnectMTN Group today announced it would be the first African company to offer Amazon Web Services (AWS) Direct Connect to business customers across multiple countries on the continent. Read More
MTN leads in Cameroon with 11.2 million usersThe third-quarterly verdict delivered last week by ART, the Cameroon telecom regulator, shows that MTN had 11.2 million users in Cameroon by 30 September 2014, and is therefore the leader of the mobile market in this Central African nation of 20 million people. Read More
MTN is Ivory Coast mobile market leaderWith eight million subscribers out of a population of 22 million, South Africa's mobile operator MTN has claimed the title of mobile market leader in Ivory Coast. Read More
TNM constructs bridge as part of promotionTelekom Networks Malawi Limited (TNM) has constructed a bridge in the country's former Capital City of Zomba as part of a promotional activity the company launched last year. Read More
Telecoms operators donate K20.5 m towards flood victimsMalawi's Association of Telecommunications Operators (ATOL) has donated K20.5m towards the relief assistance going to communities affected by floods and hailstorm in the country Read More
Airtel Kenya drops roaming rates in UgandaAirtel customers can now browse for as low as Ksh 10 per MB while roaming in Uganda, a 78% drop in price. Read More
MTL appoints new CEOMalawi Telecommunications Limited (MTL) has appointed Harry Gombachika as its new Chief Executive Officer with effect from January 6, 2015. Read More
MTN transforms enterprise business unit in South Africa to enhance overall client experienceMTN South Africa has announced the start of a process to reorganise its MTN Business unit, to strengthen its competitive advantage in the enterprise business solutions market. Read More
Vodafone Foundation Ghana donates new incubator to hospitalVodafone Foundation Ghana on Tuesday donated a brand new incubator to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of the Nsawam Government Hospital at Nsawam in the Eastern Region of Ghana. Read More
M-Shwari loans help customers acquire smart devicesFollowing a month of trials, the Commercial Bank of Africa (CBA) and Safaricom have formally introduced a new proposition that will enable M-Shwari customers to access affordable loans to acquire smartphones and tablets. Read More
FEATURED STORYUCC launches 2015 ACIA awards
Uganda has launched the fifth Annual Communications and Innovation Awards, which celebrate and foster ICT innovation and achievement.
BEST READ NEWS
IN DEPTHKenya's digital TV battle hots up
Kenya's journey to Digital TV broadcasting took a new turn this week, when the Communication Authority of Kenya (CAK) accused three local media firms of intent to disrupt the process.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


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Increase Fiber Intake for Elderly, Why? How?
Increase Fiber Intake for Elderly, Why? How?
Fiber Is Essential Many elderly need to increase fiber intake. However, most caretakers grow frustrated in the attempt to increase fiber intake for loved ones. Find out: Why fiber is important How much fiber is needed Grams of fiber explained Why elderly often...
Managing Meals for Elderly Loved Ones
Managing Meals for Elderly Loved Ones
Challenges of mealtime for elderly Managing meals for elderly loved ones often presents some challenges. Spilled drinks, food on the floor. And not a toddler in sight. Prepare ahead of time. Meet the challenge with a loving smile. Your elderly parent feels...
Time, Day: Memory Loss or No Schedule?
Time, Day: Memory Loss or No Schedule?
Keeping Track of the Day and Time Time, Day, birthdays, anniversaries…we tend to live by our clock and calendar. People with weekday jobs look forward to weekends off, while following a weekday routine. Nighttime workers find their days and nights twisted, but...
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text:
PRO-MINERALIZER is Non-Hazardous and Eco-friendly solution, which contains consortium (group) of microflora of various kinds including Fibre degrading, Lignin degrading and various Enzymes producing organism. It converts tougher organic compounds like shell of shrimps, high protein compound in the dropping of shrimp etc into simple minerals.
Key Benefits of Pro-Mineralizer
- Provides useful nutrients to Diatoms and plankton by the process of degradation (mineralization) of high organic compounds and enhances their development.
- It performs mineralization and converts raw materials (tougher organic compounds like shell of shrimps, high protein compound in the dropping of shrimp etc.,) into simple minerals.
- It helps in creating excellent atmosphere at the bottom of the pond, which is a platform for mineralization of organic and inorganic fertilizers used.
- It helps in mineralization and thus enhances the working capacity of probiotics used in the ponds, which helps the probiotics to establish in the pond and metabolize various biodegradable compounds.
Dosage of Probiotic Microflora for Aquaculture
- 10 L / hectare. Repeat the dose once in 3-4 weeks for better maintenance of pond.
For all your AgroVet needs, Contact Us Now!


text:
An attempt has been made, for the first time, to extend the capabilities of diffraction enhanced imaging (DEI) using low
concentrations of a contrast agent. A phantom has been constructed to accommodate a systematic series of diluted bromine deoxyuridase (BrDU) samples in liquid form. This was imaged using a conventional DEI arrangement and at a range of energies traversing the Br K-edge. The images were analyzed to provide a quantitative measure of contrast as a function of X-ray energy and (BrDU) concentration. The results indicate that the particular experimental arrangement was not optimized to exploit the potential of this contrast enhancement and several suggestions are discussed to improve this further.


text:
The term veld, sometimes anachronistically spelled veldt in English, is a generic term used to define certain wide open rural spaces of Southern Africa. It is used in particular to refer to flatter areas or districts covered in grass or low scrub, especially in South Africa, Zimbabwe, Botswana and Namibia. A certain sub-tropical woodland ecoregion of Southern Africa has been officially defined as the Bushveld by the World Wide Fund for Nature.
The word veld comes from the Afrikaans word for 'field', but a simple translation does not convey the subtleties of the many idiomatic nuances and technical applications of the term. A typical authoritative dictionary will devote columns, or even pages to the subject.
The etymological origin is the old Dutch language veldt, a spelling that the Dutch abandoned in favour of veld during the 19th century, decades before the first Afrikaans dictionary. Subsequent addition of the terminal "t" in the spelling "veldt" seems to have been mainly an English confusion with the already obsolete Dutch usage; it never was an Afrikaans form. Even in English its frequency of usage relative to "veld" peaked around the time of the Boer wars, and has lapsed into a minority anachronism since about 1920.
Veld can be loosely compared to the Australian terms "outback" or "bush", to "the prairie" of North America, to the "pampas" lowlands of South America, or to the steppe of Central Asia. Someone from Yorkshire might equate "wandering across the moors" to "walking through the veld."
By extension, the veld can be compared to 'the boondocks' or those places 'beyond the black stump' in Australia. There is a sense in which it refers in essence to unimproved land (and is therefore not the equivalent of the English "paddock") and does not include areas used both for pastoral activities and the planting of crops. These areas are referred to as fields. The word is less appropriate for land that is heavily forested, mountainous, or urban. The simplest explanation will be to say the word "veld" means "natural vegetation"; excluding vegetation like swamps and forests. It does include mountains with vegetation but not deserts or mountains without natural vegetation.
The veld definition may encompass different natural environments, both humid and dry, such as Coastal plain, Coastal prairie, Flooded grasslands and savannas, Grassland, Prairie, Savanna, Steppe, Meadow, Water-meadow, Flood-meadow, Wet meadow, as well as agricultural fields. Whereas mountainous peaks and thick forests do not really fit in with the term veld, bushes are acceptable. The area then becomes Bosveld, a term that is used mainly to describe Die Bosveld ("The Bushveld"), which is both a loose botanical classification and a specific geographical part of what used to be known as the Transvaal, as described for example in the story Jock of the Bushveld.
Other uses
- The word Renosterveld, "rhinoceros-field", is now used to differentiate one of the major vegetation types of the Cape Floristic Region.
- A carefully husbanded sports field on which the game of Rugby is played in the middle of cities such as Cape Town or Johannesburg is referred to as a "rugbyveld" in the Afrikaans language.
- The word "veld" also carries military connotations. The word "field" in English has a strong association with "war", as evidenced by the expression "the first foe in the field" and the lines of the ballad 'Lord Marlborough' (see John Churchill): "You generals all and champions bold, that takes delight in field, that knocks down churches and castle walls but now to death must yield". The same relationship is paralleled in Afrikaans. Just as the English Army has its Field Marshals, the Boer armies had their Veldkornets and Veldkommandos.
- The Rhodesian Ridgeback dog was famous for hunting large game on the African Veld. As a tribute to this wonderful breed many Rhodesian Ridgeback breeders incorporate the word "veld" or "veldt" in their kennel prefix. Once such notable example is the kennel prefix "Veldthund" who have been breeding and showing Rhodesian Ridgebacks in Australia since 1984. The dog Ch Veldthund Sabre ET appears on the pedigree of many of the top Rhodesian Ridgebacks around the world.
Highveld and Lowveld
Much of the interior of southern Africa consists of a high plateau, the higher portions (1500 m – 2100 m) of which are known as the Highveld, starting at the Drakensberg escarpment to the east of the Johannesburg, and sloping gradually downwards to the west and south west, as well as. These higher, cooler areas (generally more than 5,000 feet or 1,500 metres above sea level) are characterised by flat or gently undulating terrain, vast grasslands and a modified tropical or subtropical climate. In some areas there is a distinct escarpment bordering the plateau, while in others the boundary is not obvious. The blesbok and quagga were among the large animals that once roamed in the highveld in great numbers. Nowadays there still is a sizeable population of springbok in some areas.
The lower regions of the central plateau to the north of the Highveld, especially the Limpopo River lowlands, as well as the areas beyond of the Drakensberg escarpment in Mpumalanga, to the north east of the Highveld, are known as Lowveld and are generally hotter and less intensely cultivated. The arid lower plateau regions to the west, south and south west of the Highveld are not generally referred to as "Lowveld", nor is KwaZulu-Natal beyond the escarpment to the east. Before the middle of the 20th century, much of the Lowveld was home to the tsetse fly, which transmits sleeping sickness. These areas used to be known as "fever country" and were avoided by mounted travellers, owing to the susceptibility of horses to a form of the disease. Formerly malaria, carried by mosquitoes, was a major problem too in the hotter parts of the Lowveld.
The Lowveld is known for its high concentration of big game, including the larger animals, like African elephants, rhino, zebra and wildebeest, while the slow-flowing streams and wetlands of the Lowveld are a haven for the hippos. The Kruger National Park, for example, is located in the eastern Lowveld areas of Mpumalanga and Limpopo Provinces.
Thornveld or Thorn Veld, often referred to as "acacia thornveld", is a type of semi-arid savanna in which grassland with thorny acacia and certain species of thorny bushes predominate. The predominant plant species are usually different in the thornveld of the plains or in the hill thornveld, where, for example, species of genus Balanites are common. Some of the characteristic species in the thornveld include:
- Grasses: Grass species belonging to genus Themeda and Hyparrhenia
- Trees and bushes: Genus Acacia and Rhus, such as Acacia caffra, Acacia sieberiana and Rhus pentheri and other species like Ziziphus mucronata, Ehretia rigida and Cussonia spicata.
Sandveld and Hardveld
Sandveld, in the general sense of the word, is a type of veld characterised by dry, sandy soil, typical of certain areas of the Southern African region. It usually absorbs all water from the seasonal rains, although aquatic habitats, largely seasonal, may be also found in specific places in the sandveld. Only certain hardy plant species thrive in the sandveld environment. These consist especially of grasses forming clumps and certain kinds of trees and shrubs. The sandveld vegetation has a particular pattern of growth, rarely covering the whole terrain and thus leaving patches of sandy soil exposed on the surface. Some of the typical sandveld species are Acacia haematoxylon, A. luederitzii, Boscia albitrunca, Terminalia sericea, Lonchocarpus nelsii, Bauhinia petersiana and Baphia massaiensis.
The fauna of the sandveld includes mainly reptiles, mammals and birds adapted to living in the sandy environment; some of the small mammals and reptiles often use the sand for protection by burrowing in it.
The term Sandveld is also applied in a specific sense to certain well-defined areas in Southern Africa, such as the Sandveld of the Northwest, a 30 km wide strip along the Atlantic coast of South Africa. The Sandveld of the Kalahari was one of the areas inhabited by the Bushmen, who had adapted to life conditions in the Sandveld since ancient times. The Sandveld Nature Reserve is protecting the biotope of a sandveld zone of the Free State.
Hardveld is a term applied to certain areas of rocky soils in Botswana, located mostly in the eastern part of the country. The landscape is an undulating plain with scattered rocky hill ranges. There are areas of hardveld

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


you to directly access Parameters and Data Sources in the report. Note that once handleFinishedReport() has been called, the report has already been generated, so changing the parameters from this function will not alter the resulting report. Instead, parameters should be altered from the Parameters tab.
 - byte[] reportBytes - The report, presented in a byte array. The format of the report depends on the format specified in the Format dropdown list.
The dataMap Argument
There is a special argument in the RunScript Action called dataMap that may be used to review the raw data that was used to generate the report. Below is a demonstration of using dataMap.
Using dataMap
# The dataMap argument is simply a Python Dictionary with the name of each Parameter and Data Source acting as a key.
# Assuming a Report Parameter named 'shift', the value of 'shift' may be accessed with the following
dataMap['shift']
# Similar syntax may be used to extract the value from a Data Source.
data = dataMap['myDataSource']
# Rows objects, while similar in nature to a dictionary, are different objects.
# Individual rows in the Data Source may be accessed by index.
firstRow = data[0]
# getKeys() may be called on a row to list all of the column headers in the row.
firstHeader = firstRow.getKeys()[0]
# getKeyValue() may be used to access the value of a column in the row.
firstColumnInRow = firstRow.getKeyValue(firstHeader)
 - No labels


text:
Difference Between Aiding and Abetting and Being an Accessory
- in Laws
Aiding and abetting a crime and being an accessory to a crime are both criminal offenses that carry a criminal charge that often includes jail time. Both charges may bring the need for both a bail bondsman and a criminal defense attorney. While both crimes include assisting a person in committing a crime, there are differences in the definitions of the charges. Let us take a closer look at this subject.
The difference between "Accessory to a Crime" and "Aiding and Abetting a Crime"
To aid and abet in a crime is to encourage, entice, or otherwise help someone else commit the crime. To be guilty of this act, one does not have to be present when the crime is committed. A person is guilty of the charge even if they only suggest the act of commission. When a person assists in a crime, they are also criminally charged with either being an accomplice or an accessory. This is where the definition differences apply legally. The definition of being an accessory to a crime is to help or contribute to the commission or hiding of a criminal act. Assisting, planning, or encouraging someone to commit the crime is considered an accessory before the fact. Helping someone escape or evade arrest or punishment is considered an accessory after the fact. Participating in the actual crime is not necessary in order to be considered an accessory. Whether charged with accessory before or after the fact, there are stiff legal consequences associated with either of the charges. Being legally considered an accomplice to crime also includes intentional or voluntary assistance in the commission of a criminal act. There are two main differences between this act and being an accessory. In most cases, an accessory is present at the time of the crime. Additionally, the person charged is often subject to the same punishment as the person who committed the crime while an accessory is often charged less harshly. However, either one of these crimes of aiding, or helping someone else commit a crime in any way, shape, or form, poses legal consequences for the offender.
Need for and Purpose of a Bail Bondsman
A criminal charge for crimes of aiding most often result in arrest and jail time. When a judge orders a bail amount, it is usually a high amount that is set. Often, defendants enlist the assistance of bail bondsmen to post their bail amounts so that they may remain free until their future court dates occur. The bail bondsman goes before the judge, representing a company and acting on behalf of the defendant, promising to pay the remainder of the bail amount should the defendants fail to appear at their future court date. Many people who help someone else commit a crime to enlist the assistance of a bail bondsman after they are charged and arrested.
Need for and Purpose of a Defense Attorney
When charged with a criminal offense, it is always in the defendant's best interest to hire an attorney to help. A criminal defense attorney is representing and acting on behalf of the defendant. The attorney helps ensure the defendant's rights are not violated, and assists in helping the defendant get the lightest sentence possible. An attorney possesses the knowledge and experience to accomplish this goal for the defendant he represents. Although there are differences in aiding and abetting, as well as in being an accomplice or accessory, they are all against the law. When a person breaks the law to this extent, it usually results in arrest and conviction. Enlisting the help of a bail bondsman and an attorney may become essential.


Comments on: Print Numbers in words _URL_ Wed, 27 Jul 2016 21:32:59 +0000 hourly 1 By: jolora _URL_ Thu, 29 Dec 2005 10:28:03 +0000 #comment-38158 One more time….
Here is a PL/SQL function that returns the integer passed to it as words. I'll leave it as an excersize for the stupid, uh, I mean student, to use it to handle decimals and dollors/cents….
function to_words( i_this_number in number )
return varchar2
is
/*
Written by Joe Begenwald, 2005
_EMAIL_
*/
this_number varchar2(38) := to_char(i_this_number);
this_number_len number := length( this_number );
working_len number := length( this_number );
working_string varchar2(3);
pos number;
output_string varchar2(1000);
idx pls_integer := 1;
/*
the following list goes well past 38 digits.
the extra names are there just because I know them!
nothing past UNDECILLION will ever get used.
*/
type names_t is table of varchar2(100);
names names_t := names_t( null
,'thousand'
,'million'
,'billion'
,'trillion'
,'quadrillion'
,'quintillion'
,'sextillion'
,'septillion'
,'octillion'
,'nonillion'
,'decillion'
,'undecillion'
,'duodecillion'
,'tredecillion'
,'quattuordecillion'
,'quindecillion'
,'sexdecillion'
,'septendecillion'
,'octodecillion'
,'novemdecillion'
,'vigintillion' );
begin
while working_len > 0
loop
if working_len > 2
then
pos := working_len – 2;
else
pos := 1;
end if;
working_string := substr( this_number, pos, least(working_len,3) );
working_len := working_len – length(working_string);
output_string := lower( to_char( trunc(sysdate) +
to_number(working_string)/86400, 'SSSSSSP' ) )
|| ' ' || names(idx) || ' ' || output_string;
idx := idx + 1;
end loop;
return output_string;
end to_words;
]]>
By: nikunj _URL_ Wed, 28 Dec 2005 16:22:11 +0000 #comment-38159 Try this simple select… It will convert atleast between 1 and _PHONE_.
select decode( sign( &&num ), -1, 'Negative ', 0, 'Zero', NULL ) ||
decode( sign( abs(&num) ), +1, to_char( to_date( abs(&num),'J'),'Jsp') ) || ' Dollars Only'
from dual
/
Enjoy.
Nikunj
]]>
By: donkennedy _URL_ Wed, 28 Dec 2005 14:44:52 +0000 #comment-38160 Gee, I did this about 20 years ago in COBOL and it was not anywhere near that complex?
]]>
By: sanmails _URL_ Tue, 20 Dec 2005 21:18:58 +0000 #comment-38161 i am aware of this select to_char(to_date(123123,J),JSP) from dual,
But this will not go beyond certain value.
And i have already writtern a function to print numbers in words.
I just want to know whether it is possible to do in in single query. Using decode function something like that.
Anyway thanks for your ideas.
Cheers!
]]>
By: jolora _URL_ Mon, 19 Dec 2005 18:52:56 +0000 #comment-38162 As others have said, create a function and call it in your SELECT statement.
For example, if you create a function called TO_WORDS, you can use
SELECT COL1, COL3, TO_WORD(CAL5), …
Here is a fast and comprehensive function for you:
—————————————————-
declare
t varchar2(1000 );
function to_words( i_this_number in number )
return varchar2
is
/*
Written by Joe Begenwald, 2005
_EMAIL_
*/
this_number varchar2(38) := to_char(i_this_number);
this_number_len number := length( this_number );
working_len number := length( this_number );
working_string varchar2(3);
pos number;
output_string varchar2(1000);
idx pls_integer := 1;
/*
the following list goes well past 38 digits.
the extra names are there just because I know them!
nothing past UNDECILLION will ever get used.
*/
type names_t is table of varchar2(100);
names names_t := names_t( null
,'thousand'
,'million'
,'billion'
,'trillion'
,'quadrillion'
,'quintillion'
,'sextillion'
,'septillion'
,'octillion'
,'nonillion'
,'decillion'
,'undecillion'
,'duodecillion'
,'tredecillion'
,'quattuordecillion'
,'quindecillion'
,'sexdecillion'
,'septendecillion'
,'octodecillion'
,'novemdecillion'
,'vigintillion' );
begin
while working_len > 0
loop
if working_len > 2
then
pos := working_len – 2;
else
pos := 1;
end if;
working_string := substr( this_number, pos, least(working_len,3) );
working_len := working_len – length(working_string);
output_string := lower( to_char( trunc(sysdate) +
to_number(working_string)/86400, 'SSSSSSP' ) )
|| ' ' || names(idx) || ' ' || output_string;
idx := idx + 1;
end loop;
return output_string;
end to_words;
begin
dbms_output.put_line( '-' );
dbms_output.put_line( to_words( 1 ) );
dbms_output.put_line( '-' );
dbms_output.put_line( to_words( 12 ) );
dbms_output.put_line( '-' );
dbms_output.put_line( to_words( 123 ) );
dbms_output.put_line( '-' );
dbms_output.put_line( to_words( 1234 ) );
dbms_output.put_line( '-' );
dbms_output.put_line( to_words( 12345 ) );
dbms_output.put_line( '-' );
dbms_output.put_line( to_words( 123456 ) );
dbms_output.put_line( '-' );
dbms_output.put_line( to_words( _PHONE_ ) );
dbms_output.put_line( '-' );
dbms_output.put_line( to_words( _PHONE_ ) );
dbms_output.put_line( '-' );
dbms_output.put_line( to_words( 123456789 ) );
dbms_output.put_line( '-' );
dbms_output.put_line( to_words( _PHONE_ ) );
dbms_output.put_line( '-' );
dbms_output.put_line( to_words( _PHONE_ ) );
dbms_output.put_line( '-' );
dbms_output.put_line( to_words( 123456789012 ) );
dbms_output.put_line( '-' );
dbms_output.put_line( to_words( 1234567890123 ) );
dbms_output.put_line( '-' );
dbms_output.put_line( to_words( 12345678901234 ) );
dbms_output.put_line( '-' );
dbms_output.put_line( to_words( 1234567890


The Hamlet (Hypoplectrus), is a grouping fish that is found mainly in coral reefs in the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico, particularly around Florida and the Bahamas.
Hamlets are simultaneous hermaphrodites (or synchronous hermaphrodites): They have both male and female sexual organs at the same time as an adult. They seem quite at ease mating in front of divers, allowing observations in the wild to occur readily. They do not practice self-fertilization, but when they find a mate, the pair takes turns between which one acts as the male and which acts as the female through multiple matings, usually over the course of several nights.
It's a popular choice for hobbyist saltwater aquariums.
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text:
No wonder he's so adept at getting past defenders. According to Patric Bach and Steven Tipper of Bangor University, the mere sight of Wayne Rooney inhibits the control you have over your feet. Apparently, looking at Rooney automatically triggers football-related activity in the movement control parts of your brain, leading to the paradoxical effect of impairing your own foot control. By contrast, Bach and Tipper found the sight of the British tennis player Tim Henman impairs your hand control, but not your foot control.
Forty student participants were shown photos of the footballers Wayne Rooney and Michael Owen and the tennis players Tim Henman and Greg Rusedksi. None of the photos were action shots, but half showed the sportsmen in a sporting context whereas the other half showed them off-pitch, or off-court.
The participants' task was to identify as quickly and accurately as possible the sportsman currently displayed, using either a keyboard key or a footpad. For example, during one trial the participants were required to press the footpad if the computer screen showed Rooney but to press the spacebar with their finger if the photo was of Henman. On another trial the means of response was reversed so that the footpad was used for identifying Tim Henman, with the keyboard used for Rooney. Hundreds of such trials were performed.
The crucial finding is that on average the participants were slower (by about 20ms) and less accurate at identifying the footballers when using their foot compared with their finger. By contrast, they were slower and less accurate at identifying the tennis players with their finger than with their foot. These effects were actually slightly greater when the sportsmen were shown out of a sporting context.
"Perceiving a highly skilled athlete inhibited similar motor behaviour in the observer", the researchers said. The finding suggests that "people use their own action system to represent knowledge about other persons". In this case, the participants represented the motor skills of Rooney and the others, even though they weren't observed in action.
The findings are consistent with earlier research showing the sight of Albert Einstein impaired people's subsequent performance on an IQ test.
Bach, P. & Tipper, S.P. (2006). Bend it like Beckham: Embodying the motor skills of famous athletes. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 59, 2033-2039.
Post written by Christian Jarrett (_USER_) for the BPS Research Digest.


text:
Honored at National Conservation Systems Cotton and Rice Conference
JACKSON, Tenn. – Agriculture industry leaders have bestowed the title of Cotton Researcher of the Year to the University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture's Tyson Raper. The award was presented on January 31 at the National Conservation Systems Cotton and Rice Conference in Memphis, Tennessee.
Raper is an assistant professor with the UT Department of Plant Sciences. He also serves as the UT Extension Cotton Specialist for the state. Raper is based at the West Tennessee AgResearch and Education Center in Jackson.
According to a conference press release, while Raper has a 75 percent Extension appointment, his research program has made significant contributions to cotton profitability in Tennessee and across the Mid-South. The award committee noted Raper's work with high-residue cover crops, nutrient rate optimization and his current work evaluating DD60's—the formula for calculating crop heat units—for modern cotton varieties.
The National Conservation Systems Cotton and Rice Conference, now in its 23rd year, brings together farmers and crop consultants from across the nation to learn about reducing costs and increasing yields in cotton, rice, soybeans and corn.
Through its land-grant mission of research, teaching and extension, the University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture touches lives and provides Real. Life. Solutions. utia.tennessee.edu.


GA 1 Commissioner's power to adjust
When this section applies
This section applies if an arrangement is void under section BG 1 (Tax avoidance).
Commissioner's general power
The Commissioner may adjust the taxable income of a person affected by the arrangement in a way the Commissioner thinks appropriate, in order to counteract a tax advantage obtained by the person from or under the arrangement.
Commissioner's specific power over tax credits
The Commissioner may—
disallow some or all of a tax credit of a person affected by the arrangement; or
allow another person to benefit from some or all of the tax credit.
Commissioner's identification of hypothetical situation
When applying subsections (2) and (3), the Commissioner may have regard to 1 or more of the amounts listed in subsection (5) which, in the Commissioner's opinion, had the arrangement not occurred, the person—
would have had; or
would in all likelihood have had; or
might be expected to have had.
Reconstructed amounts
The amounts referred to in subsection (4) are—
an amount of income of the person:
an amount of deduction of the person:
an amount of tax loss of the person:
an amount of tax credit of the person.
No double counting
When applying subsection (2), if the Commissioner includes an amount of income or deduction in calculating the taxable income of the person, it must not be included in calculating the taxable income of another person.
Meaning of tax credit
In this section, tax credit means a reduction in the tax a person must pay because of—
a credit allowed for a payment by the person of an amount of tax or of another item; or
another type of benefit.
Defined in this Act: amount, arrangement, Commissioner, deduction, tax, tax credit, tax loss, taxable income
Compare: 2004 No 35 s GB 1(1)–(2C)


Huddersfield Functional Index
Original Editor - Your name will be added here if you created the original content for this page.
Top Contributors - Mandy Roscher
Introduction[1]
The Huddersfield Functional Index (HFI) is an outcome measure that measures progress in Rebound Therapy. It was originally designed by Richard Wattreson in Huddersfield, West Yorkshire. It was then reworked in collaboration with Paul Kaye and Eddy Anderson to be follow grades 1, 2 and 3 of the Winstrada Trampoline Development Programme.
The movement progressions of the Winstrada Trampolining Programme were designed so that students are simply scored on whether they can or cannot complete a movement. This model is not appropriate for individuals with disabilities. For a person with physical or intellectual challenges it may take a significant amount of time to achieve a single movement or they may never be able to achieve a movement independently.
Purpose of HFI[1]
In the HFI, each movement, of the Winstrada Trampoline Programme, is scored on a scale from 0-4. A score of 0 means they are unable to complete it and 4 means they can complete it competently and independently. A total for each section is scored and progress is tracked on a graph found within the manual.
By scoring each movement out of 4, it allows one to track small progressions. In a severely disabled person these may be significant milestones. For some individuals, they may never achieve a 4 for an activity. For example, a child with Cerebral Palsy may not be able to "sit and initiate movement by pushing hands into the bed independently" (Exercise 19) but they "could initiate the movement independently for short periods". They would then score a 3 on the HFI and move on to the next movement.
Intended Population[1]
The Huddersfield Functional Index was designed to track progression in Rebound Therapy for individuals with physical or intellectual disabilities.
Evidence
To date there have been no formal studies carried out to assess the psychometric properties of the HFI.
Links
Revised Huddersfield Functional Index Manual
Resources
[2]
References
 1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 Kaye P. Huddersfield Functional Index. 2018-19 Edition. West Sussex: Winstrada.com, 2018.
 2. Paul Kaye, Huddersfield Functional Index for Rebound Therapy. Available from _URL_


text:
A new book is available about the life of Maryknoll Fr. Gerard Hammond, a missioner with more than 60 years in ministry on the Korean Peninsula. The following article was published in the September-October 2023 issue of NewsNotes.
In 2019, Fr. Gerard Hammond, MM, gave a series of nine interviews to researchers at the Catholic Institute of Northeast Asia Peace that have been published in English in a book entitled "The Romance of the Mission: A Story of a Maryknoll Missionary Who Loved Both Koreas." First published in Korean in 2020 under the title "The Journey of a Missionary," the English translation of the book is now available for sale by Amazon as a paperback and ebook.
With more than 60 years in ministry based in South Korea, Fr. Hammond told the interviewers about his experiences pastoring people recovering from the devastation of war in South Korea as well as people isolated behind the world's last iron curtain in North Korea. Looking back, Fr. Hammond's message to readers is "more compassion is needed, and more risk."
In a chapter called "Hard Times and Good Times," Fr. Hammond describes the first church where he served as a pastor in the early 1960s. "The neighborhood was particularly impoverished in a country already devastated by conquest, colonialism, and war. North Korean refugee parishioners and young priests alike, we all struggled to build our community together." Remembering the bitter cold winters and thin shoes and socks, Fr. Hammond said, "Despite all the physical deprivations, the passion and sincerity of their faith was unwavering."
For the last 20 years of his ministry, Fr. Hammond participated in quarterly visits to reclusive North Korea delivering lifesaving medications to people suffering from multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, the deadliest form of the highly contagious respiratory illness that often requires at least two years of treatment.
In his last interview at the end of 2019, Fr. Hammond said, "It is now four years since I have been able to return to North Korea with medicine for multidrug-resistant TB patients. I never had the chance to say goodbye and to mention that I had hoped to live the remaining years of my life in close contact with them. Together we were builders of reconciliation, unity and peace."
Now 90 years old, Fr. Hammond has demonstrated with his life that a culture of encounter and dialogue is the way to dispel fear and build peaceful relationships.
Faith in action:
Read Fr. Hammond's book _URL_
Photo of Fr. Hammond's book's cover courtesy of Amazon


text:
Where can I translate the 'Waiting for Customer' popup or other prompt message?
Here is how to translate a prompt:
1. Log into the AdminUI
2. Expand Organizational Profile
3. Click on Languages
4. Click on Translation Tool
5. Set the Name to: Incidents
6. Set the Area to: Quick Actions
7. Set the To to your chosen language e.g. French
8. Set Quick Actions to the appropriate Quick Action, e.g. StopClock
9. Click on Search
10. Add the translation for the $(Prompt("Enter Notes for Customer",""))
Now if they are using the appropriate Locale it will display that prompt in that language based off of what you typed in. English will still display English. You can do this for any supported language.


text:
Senior secondary education is designed to prepare students for initial entry into the workforce, for vocational education and training and higher education studies. It is undertaken in Years 11 and 12.
There are two key senior secondary education accrediting bodies in Victoria, the Victorian Curriculum and Assessment Authority (VCAA), and the International Baccalaureate (IB).
The VCAA accredits the two Victorian senior secondary qualifications, the Victorian Certificate of Education (VCE) and the Victorian Certificate of Applied Learning (VCAL).
The IB accredits the International Baccalaureate Diploma, which is a globally recognised senior secondary qualification.
In Victoria, the VRQA is responsible for the:
- registration of senior secondary providers to deliver one or more senior secondary qualification:
- in schools
- in non-school settings.
- registration to become a senior secondary awarding body
- accreditation of senior secondary qualifications.
For information about applying to provide senior secondary education, see:
To search for registered senior secondary providers, see:
For information about becoming an awarding body or about accreditation of senior secondary qualifications, see:


text: Blind source separation (BSS) for convolutive mixtures can be performed efficiently in the frequency domain, where independent component analysis (ICA) is applied separately in each frequency bin. To solve the permutation problem of frequency-domain BSS robustly, information regarding the number of sources is very important. This paper presents a method for estimating the number of sources from convolutive mixtures of sources. The new method estimates the power of each source or noise component by using ICA and a scaling technique to distinguish sources and noises. Also, a reverberant component can be identified by calculating the correlation of component envelopes. Experimental results for up to three sources show that the proposed method worked well in a reverberant condition whose reverberation time was 200 ms.


Calculus How To
Formula vs Function
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Functions > Formula vs Function
 1. What is a Formula?
 2. What is a Function?
 3. Formula vs Function in Excel
Formula vs Function: What is a Formula?
A formula is a mathematical sentence with at least one variable. For example 2 + 4 isn't a formula (there's no variable), but 2x + 4 is a formula, because there's a variable. Formulas are used in math to describe relationships. Variables can be any letter from a to z, but you'll want to follow some general rules for writing formulae:
 - Abbreviate variables to one letter. For example, if you have a variable for weight, shorten that to w, not we or wt. This is because when you have two variables in a formula it means to multiply them, so "wt" means "w * t".
 - Use small letters a, b, c, … z.
 - Omit the multiplication sign (unless you're multiplying two numbers like 2*4). Write 2x, not 2 * x.
 - Put the number first if you're multiplying a variable by a number. Write 2x, not x2.
Formula vs Function: Functions
In general math and beginning algebra, you work with formulas. But in calculus, you work with functions. The difference between formulas and functions is in how they are constructed: functions are a specific type of formula with exactly one output (y) for every input (x).
 - For example, if you put a "2" into the formula y = x2, there's only one output: 4. That's a function.
 - If you put a 2 into the formula x = y2, there are two possibilities for each input (x-value): 8 and -8.
Let's take a look at these graphically:
formula vs function
At x = 2, the blue function y = x2 has one output (blue star), but the formula y = x2 has two outputs (orange stars).
All functions are formulas, but not all formulas are functions.
Formula vs Function in Excel
A "function" in Excel is a predefined formula. All Excel built-in functions are also functions in the traditional sense (i.e. you'll get one output for every input).
As an example, let's say you wanted to add a string of numbers from 1 to 4. All formulas in Excel start with an equals sign "=". So you might type the formula "=1+2+3+4". You could also invoke the built in function SUM to do the same thing: =SUM(1,2,3,4).
When making small calculations like this, there isn't much of a difference between a formula and a function in Excel. Where the big difference comes in is when you're dealing with large amounts of data in cells (something which Excel was designed for). If you had 1,000 numbers in column A, it might take some time to write the formula with all the numbers from 1 to 1,000:
But you can type in a function that will add up all of the numbers between cells A1 and cells A2 in seconds:
Graph created with
Stephanie Glen. "Formula vs Function" From Calculus for the rest of us!
2 thoughts on "Formula vs Function
 1. Michael
 Hi Stephanie, thanks for putting together a great resource here, I may even pick up your book 😉
 I'm just writing to you here as I think I have spotted a typo on your types of functions page:
 I couldn't leave a reply on that particular page so I'm writing it to you here. Anyway at the top of that page it has: "1. What is a Function?
 A function is a type of equation or formula that has exactly one output (y) for every input (x). If you put a "2" into the equation x2, there's only one output: 4. Some formulas, like x = y2, are not types of functions, because there are two possibilities for each x-value (one positive and one negative)."
 I think you meant to put there are two possibilities for each y value (2 and -2), instead of each x-value.
 Kind regards,
Leave a Reply


text:
Student Learning Objectives:
- Explain how size, structure, and scale relate to surface features
- Describe the function of compliant surfaces with regard to adhesion
(What happens when a surface of an object is applied to the surface of another object?)
At a Glance for Teachers:
- Mini-Me Activity (optional)
- Visualization and diagramming of surface of gecko foot at various scales
Note: Some questions in the Student Journal are underlined as formative assessment checkpoints for you to check students' understanding of lesson objectives.
Vocabulary: Adhesive, Compliant, Lamella, Seta, Spatula, Surface Terrain, Topography Refer to the end of this Teacher Guide for definitions.
- PowerPoint for Lesson 4
- Student Journals for Lesson 4
- Computer with LCD or overhead projector
- Transparent tape
- Pipe cleaners (for Mini-Me optional activity)
- Measuring tape (for Mini-Me optional activity)
- Modeling clay (for Mini-Me optional activity)
Student Journal Page #
Teacher Background Information and Pedagogy
Slides 1 & 2
Student Journal Page: 4–1
By definition, an adhesive is any material that will be useful in holding two objects together solely by surface contact. For an adhesive to achieve extremely close contact with an object, it must have the properties of a liquid, which makes it capable of coming into intimate contact with the surface. In use, an adhesive must be able to resist any applied force that attempts to break the bond formed between it and the object or surface to which it was applied. In other words, it will need the properties of a solid.
Adapted from Johnston, J. (2003). Pressure sensitive adhesive tapes. Pressure Sensitive Tape Council. Northbrook, Illinois, Page 23.
1. Provide each student with a piece of transparent tape.
"Observe the transparent tape on a smooth surface, like a desk. Place the tape on the surface and "rub" out as many of the bubbles as possible. Use a pen to circle the bubbles on the tape. Place the actual tape onto the journal page 4–1 with the bubbles marked."
Student Journal Page: 4–1
2. Based on student observations and this text, ask students questions similar to these below. Solicit from the students their ideas about the properties of the tape. Draw out the properties of solids and liquids and explanations for what makes the tape work.
"Would you consider the tape stuck to a surface to be an adhesive? Why or why not?"
"Work in your small groups to describe how transparent tape has the properties of both a liquid and a solid."
3. Ask the students the following:
"Recall the activity we did with the shoes. What forces exist between each pair of surfaces?"
"Tape and smooth surface"
"Shoe and floor"
Students might say "adhesive force" for the tape and "gravity" for the shoe.
"Which surface to surface interaction do you think is most similar to a gecko climbing a wall? Explain your answer."
Allow students to explain their response.
4. Note to teacher: For image 4.3, point out that two compliant surfaces would come into even closer contact than one compliant surface with a hard surface.
5. The Gecko Up-Close Activity: A gecko can "stick" or adhere to just about any surface from a single toe. Ask the students to make predictions.
"We are going to be making some close-up observations of the surface of the gecko's foot. Before we take a closer look, predict what you think the surface of the gecko's foot looks like at the nanoscale level." Solicit student predictions without comment.
"Let's take a closer look at the foot of a gecko. Each of the following images takes a progressively closer look at the foot of a gecko."
Student Journal Pages: 4–2 4–3 4–4 4–5
Teacher Background Information: The following description of the anatomy of a gecko's toe is adapted from "The Life of Reptiles Volume I" by Angus Bellairs:
Each toe pad is covered on its under surface by rows of wide scales called lamellae, which overlap each other at their edges. Each lamella is covered by fine projecting hairs or setae about in length. The setae branch and sub-branch several times, the final twigs ending in a pair of minute flattened tips called spatulas. It has been estimated that the total number of setae on all the lemellae of all the toes of the four feet of a gecko is about one million. Each seta carries between and spatulas on its branches.
Optional Hands-On Activity: Use the Mini-Me activity located at the end of this teacher guide (courtesy of the University of Wisconsin, Madison) to provide students with the experience of picturing themselves much smaller than what they are and then sculpting an image that symbolizes their understanding of the invisible world. Once students have built their mini-me, have them proceed to the student journal page 4-2.
6. Working in pairs, students should respond to the journal prompts and visualize what it would be like to shrink down to these scales and interact with the various structures. Tell them to be creative with their drawings, but also to be as accurate as they can when they "enter" this new world. Provide an example of the first sketch on the board. Students may describe the "view" as appearing like hills and valleys. Below is a sample student drawing depicting the centimeter scale from the field test.
Optional: You may want to add some discussion about what makes a good scientific drawing.
7. Use the slides at the end of the PowerPoint of this lesson to illustrate a field test student's for each magnification.
As you introduce the four images on this slide, you may wish to use the following descriptions and explanations:
Image (a): "The toes are lined with deep ridges."
Image (b): "At the next higher magnification, one can see that the surface looks like a rug. These yarn-like projections are called "setae." Each seta is times thinner than a single hair on your head. The very end of each seta is frayed into even tinier projections."
Image (c): "At the next higher magnification, one can see that the tiny projections are actually flattened on the end."
Image (d): "These tiny objects are called "spatulas" because of their shape. Each spatula is about thick. This is the upper limit of the range of what is considered nanoscale science. Nanoscale science is the study of objects in the range of."
"It has been estimated that a gecko has a total of about one million setae on all its feet."
7. Ask the students:
"What is the significance that each seta contains between and spatulas?"
Students should conclude that with one million setae, each with spatula, there is a lot of potential for surface contact between the surface and the gecko.
"As the scale decreased, what did you find out about the structure of the gecko's toe?"
As the scale decreased, more and smaller structures became evident in the images.
8. As a culminating discussion, ask students to respond to the questions in "Making Connections."
"Let's review briefly your understanding."
1. "Describe one or two ideas that you learned during this lesson."
2. "Which range do gecko setae fit into?"
3. "Which force would make best use of these many points of contact?"
4. "How might the gecko's foot structure help the gecko climb a wall or ceiling?"
Make sure to talk with the students about the structure of the gecko's foot being compliant with a surface.
9. The end of each lesson contains this flow chart that provides an opportunity to show students the "big picture" and where they are in the lesson sequence. The following color code is used:
Yellow: Past Lessons
Blue: Current Lesson
Green: Next Lesson
White: Future Lessons
Appendix: NanoLeap Physical Science Vocabulary
Something that tends to remain in association or attachment
- Soft and able to conform to the surface of another object
- Yielding to physical pressure
Lamella (Lamellae plural)
Each gecko toe pad is covered on its under surface by rows of wide scales
Seta (Setae plural)
Each gecko lamella is covered by fine projecting hairs or setae about in length
Spatula (Spatulas plural)
The setae branch and sub-branch several times; the final twigs end in a pair of minute flattened tips called spatulas
The physical features of a surface, usually referring to the topography
- The physical or natural features of an object and their structural relationships
- The depths and rises on a surface
To understand the concept of scale
To relate to changes in scale
To learn how to accurately measure length and height
If the properties of matter are to be truly understood scientists need to be able to change their perspective to understand scale and size. How do we begin to understand a scale we cannot see, a scale that is characterized by less than one hundred millionth of a meter? First we must be able to see ourselves on a very small scale. We must be able to picture ourselves much smaller than what we are and sculpt an image that symbolizes our understanding of the invisible world. Imagine yourself of your size, for example if your height is your new size would be. You will now sculpt a miniature of yourself from clay making sure to keep your height, and the length of your arms and lengths to their normal size. You have moved from the meter scale to the centimeter


text:
Skip to Main Content
Changes in light intensity cause major difficulties in the plant recognition. In order to solve this problem, we started the development of a plant recognition method, with high efficiency in variable lighting conditions. This will be implemented to an autonomous mobile robot for weed control. The method consists in determining of dependency relations between the leaves color and the light intensity.


text:
An INTAC® programmable electronic microprocessor humidifier control system can be mounted and pre-wired to the humidifier control panel door.All humidifier electrical, ground, and control terminal connections are enclosed in an ETL listed NEMA 12 enclosure.The INTAC® controller provides the following:
- Self-diagnostics and system verification on start-up.
- Evaporating reservoir water level verification, control and safety interlock.
- The controller is compatible with all water types.
- Automatic reservoir drain and flush system.
- The controller periodically drains and flushes the reservoir according to the actual accumulated "run" time (except RO/DI water models).
- Seasonal drain system automatically drains the humidifier after a selected "NON-USE" period.
- The controller can automatically reset the humidifier on a call for humidity (if utilized).
- Terminal connections to accept virtually all control input signals.
- Input control range is selected as an "ON-SCREEN" prompt.
- Provides two lines of system messaging on a vacuum fluorescent display screen, LED operational indication and keypad parameter entry system.
- The Display Loop includes: System Status, Actual Space RH, Duct RH (optional), High-Limit RH (optional), Outdoor Air Temperature (optional), Power Output, Humidifier/System Capacity (in lbs/hr or kg/hr) and Control Type.
- Time-to-Service message.
- Numbered screen prompts for set-up and service identification.
- Full "ON-SCREEN" help information at all displays, prompts, alarms, or errors. The "HELP" message includes on screen diagnostic assistance.
- Networking and BAS communication ports. Communication ports provide two-way communication between the INTAC® controller and the Building Automation System (BAS), if utilized.
- High/Low humidity deviation alarm contacts (modulating control only).
- Fault alarm contacts.
Time Cycle Modulation:
- Provides 0-100% time proportioned control of the heater output.
- A compatible humidity sensor can be shipped loose for field installation (±3-4% RH).
- Provides 0-100% power modulation of the heater outputs down to a one-second cycle rate.
- A compatible humidity sensor can be shipped loose for field installation (±1-2% RH).
Variable Air Volume (VAV) anticipation control:
- The INTAC® software accepts a modulating high-limit humidity input and space controlling RH input, modulating the output to prevent over saturation. A compatible humidity sensor can be shipped loose for field installation.
Cold weather relative humidity reset:
- The INTAC® software accepts a modulating temperature input and automatically reduces the space RH set-point on a drop in the outside temperature. The reduction of the RH set-point during cold weather periods prevents damage due to interior window condensation.
Reservoir thermocouple water control:
- The INTAC® software provides stand-by water sensing and freeze protection.
A remote wall mount INTAC® user interface keypad/display module is furnished.


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This example teaches you how to create a histogram in Excel.
1. First, enter the bin numbers (upper levels).
2. On the Data tab, click Data Analysis.
Note: can't find the Data Analysis button? Click here to load the Analysis ToolPak add-in.
3. Select Histogram and click OK.
4. Select the range A2:A19.
5. Click in the Bin Range box and select the range C3:C7.
6. Click the Output Range option button, click in the Output Range box and select cell F3.
7. Check Chart Output.
8. Click OK.
9. Click the legend on the right side and press Delete.
10. Properly label your bins.
11. To remove the space between the bars, right click a bar, select Format Data Series and change the Gap Width to 0%. Select Border Color to add a border.
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Gardens for entertainment
Vauxhall Gardens in the late 1740s had many delights. The gardens were situated just east of Vauxhall Bridge. They were first laid out around 1661 and were known as New Spring Gardens. However, it wasn't until 1732 when Jonathan Tyers took charge that the park became an elegant 'pleasure garden' where 'polite' society would meet.
The place to be seen
Tyers transformed the gardens. He added a music room, Chinese pavilion, gothic orchestra stand and numerous arches and temples. The many statues included one of the composer Handel, who often performed there. Tyers put in grand avenues where the fashionable could promenade. There were over one hundred supper boxes, each painted with a mural, where dinner could be served.
Many extravaganzas were performed at Vauxhall Gardens. These included a rehearsal of Handel's Music for the Royal Fireworks in 1749. The gardens provided entertainment until the mid-19th century, when they went into a gradual decline.
Museum number 53.52/5


@misc{50385, type = "Article", year = "2018", title = "Evaluation of Basalt Fibre Composites for Marine Applications", journal = "Applied Composite Materials", editor = "Springer", volume = "25", number = "2", pages = "299-308", author = "Davies Peter, Verbouwe W.", url = "", organization = "", address = "FRANCE, BELGIUM", doi = "_URL_ abstract = "
Basalt fibres offer potential for use in marine structures, but few data exist to evaluate the influence of seawater immersion on their mechanical behaviour. This paper provides the results from a study in which basalt fibre reinforced epoxy composites were aged in natural seawater at different temperatures. Tests were performed under quasi-static and cyclic loading, first in the as-received state then after saturation in natural seawater. Results are compared to those for an E-glass reinforced composite with the same epoxy matrix. They indicate similar mechanical performance for both materials after seawater saturation.
", key = "" }


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Gain control over your managed and unmanaged devices with Network Glue
Network Glue has evolved into more than just a network diagramming solution. It can help you gain comprehensive visibility into your network with features like automatic discovery, documentation, diagramming and more.
IT Glue can ensure secure and quickly accessible documentation, and Network Glue can automate all your network information. Having Network Glue data automated right into IT Glue will enhance your ability to centralize the network information you need to do your work efficiently.
In this blog, we'll explore some Network Glue feature updates that can make network documentation simpler and more efficient.
Unmatched Devices Notification
IT professionals typically maintain a well-kept list of managed devices since they can get that information from their RMM solution. But what about unmanaged devices like VoIP, firewall, servers and more?
To provide proper service to their clients, IT professionals need to get a complete picture of all the devices in their clients' networks, both managed and unmanaged. This helps them understand how these devices relate to each other. This high-level visualization of networks and devices will prevent unresolved issues and benefit your clients as well as your business.
MSPs must have enhanced visibility into their clients' networks, and that starts with identifying every single device in their clients' networks. This is now possible with our new automatic notification of unmatched devices. You can set this up as a new workflow type to receive regular emails that will show you a list of unmatched devices.
Once Network Glue detects a device that is not already documented in IT Glue or an unmatched device, it will be listed in your automated email notification. Your technicians can then decide whether to match the device or document it in IT Glue.
This will give you the peace of mind you need to focus on bigger, more important tasks, knowing that the possibility of missing new devices in your network has been eliminated.
Switch Port Enhancement
Knowing what is connected to each port on a switch is important for you to troubleshoot easily. Not only does Network Glue automate the documentation of devices & Active Directory contacts, but it also automates the documentation of ports and interfaces.
With the latest Switch Port update, now under any IT Glue device, you can easily see anything the device is connected to, including other IT Glue configurations or even unmatched devices discovered by Network Glue.
If the unmatched device is key to your IT documentation, you can now add this newly discovered unmatched device right away to your IT Glue account. Using the "Add to IT Glue" button, you will be redirected to the Network Glue diagram with the selected device, and you can then match it there. However, even if you do not do this, the connected port information will still show.
To learn more about these new updates, request a demo.
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The boundary between Baetica and Noricum region on Lutetia
This image shows a portion of the surface of the main-belt asteroid (21) Lutetia. The image was obtained with the OSIRIS camera on ESA's Rosetta spacecraft as it flew past the asteroid on 10 July 2010.
By tracing craters and other features on Lutetia's surface, scientists have put together a geological map for the asteroid. Their studies have shown that Lutetia's surface comprises regions spanning a wide range of ages: each of them reveals a chapter in the long and tumultuous history of this asteroid.
The image shows the boundary between two of the regions that have been identified on the asteroid's surface in terms of their geological history. In particular, the image shows the abrupt transition between the young and smooth Baetica region, in the upper part of the image, and the much older and heavily cratered Noricum region, in the lower part of the image.


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Home > ABOUT US > NEWS > What is the solid surface wash basin?
What is the solid surface wash basin?
The wash basin is one of the indispensable sanitary wares in our living bathroom, because the wash basin is often used in our lives.It also known by other names including sinker, washbowl, hand basin, and wash basin—is a bowl-shaped plumbing fixture used for washing handsdishwashing, and other purposes. There are many material for wash basin,So choose a wash basin that fits the style and good material of the bathroom are very important. lets introduce KKR solid surface material wash basin for you.
Solid surface wash basin may be growing in popularity as people choose them over higher priced sink options. There are six reasons a homeowner may choose a solid surface sink.
Scratch Resistant
While solid surface wash basins can get scratched, the scratches can be removed if they are buffed with a non-abrasive scrubbing pad. Most minor cigarette burns can also be removed with gentle sanding.
Seamless Appearance
KKR wash basin/sinks can have a smooth feeling and may also have a seamless appearance. This smooth texture and the invisible seams can protect small particles like dirt crumbs and bacteria from collecting. The seamless surface can also provide a water-tight seal and can eliminate the need for caulk.
Unlike standard recessed sinks that can increase the likelihood of bacterial growth in the rimmed edges, solid surface sinks may not have these. Their nonporous surface may also have antimicrobial properties that can prevent the growth of mold, mildew and bacteria. This can be especially beneficial when these sinks are used in food preparation areas like kitchens.
Stain Resistant
Accidental spills can happen and when they do, the results can be permanent. The material in a solid surface sink can resist the permanency of these stains. Most marks or stains left from lipstick, marking pens, juice, dyes or makeup can be removed with a non-abrasive scrubbing pad.
Solid surface basins can come in a variety of colors and patterns. Some may have patterns that look like granite and others may have whimsical colors and patterns to match a more eclectic decor. These color patterns can be visible throughout the entire depth of the material, rather than just on the surface, and the material can be made to fit a variety of shapes.
Less Maintenance
In most instances, KKR solid surface basin can be cleaned with soapy water and a non-abrasive cloth.Its very easy to clean.
 In addition, I would like to add that if it is practical and convenient, I think that in terms of material, you should choose the wash basin of solid surface stone. Because the acrylic solid surface stone wash basin is easy to maintain and can be polished repeatedly when Be scratched.
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Internet-Enabled Data Analysis and Visualization with MATLAB
By Peter Webb, MathWorks
Many organizations make their data publicly available on Internet servers and provide an interface for extracting slices or sections of that data.
Analyzing this kind of data with MATLAB was once a complex process-first retrieve the data somehow, then get it into MATLAB for analysis. Today, using the MATLAB interface to Java, you can write MATLAB programs that incorporate both the data retrieval and analysis steps in a single M-file; Java has classes and functions that make it easy to capture data from Internet sources.
MATLAB programs for Internet data retrieval and analysis have a three-part pattern:
 - Open a specially formatted URL, creating a stream of data.
 - Read the data stream into MATLAB variables.
 - Analyze or visualize the data.
This pattern can be applied to data of any type. For simplicity, the example code presented below uses financial stock price data-stock prices are easy to understand (if not predict!) and readily available from a multitude of public sources. In order to follow the example below you'll need to download the example DisplayStockData program from MATLAB Central. The program requires Internet access, as it uses an Internet data source to obtain stock price data.
Stock Market Data
Yahoo! maintains a database of historical stock price data. The Yahoo! server delivers this data either formatted for your browser to display or in the form of a comma-delimited file (more technically, a CSV, or comma-separated value file). Yahoo! servers determine what kind of, and how much, data to serve by examining the URL used to connect to them. The server examines the query, and responds with a stream of data.
Since the query is just a text string, it is easy to duplicate. The query specifies a stock symbol, a start date, an end date, and a data frequency (daily, monthly, or yearly). Given this data, the example program, DisplayStockData, retrieves stock data for the indicated time period and draws two graphs, a candlestick graph of the stock's performance and a comparison of the stock to the performance of the S&P 500.
For example, this command demonstrates the monthly performance of Sears for the 27 months since January 1, 2000:
DisplayStockData('S', '1/1/2000','m', 27);
The first graph uses the candle function from the Financial Toolbox to draw a candlestick graph of the stock's performance. If you don't have the Financial Toolbox, simply comment out the call to candle inDisplayStockData.m. This graph shows open, close, high, and low prices for the stock during the given trading interval (in this case, monthly averages). The program also displays the stock's compound annual growth rate in the chart's title.
Figure 1. Candlestick graph for a single stock. Click on image to see enlarged view.
The second graph compares the performance of the stock to the performance of the S&P 500 index. In this case, it is evident that Sears outperformed the index over the given period.
Figure 2. Comparison of stock performance and S&P 500 index performance. Click on image to see enlarged view.
Data Retrieval
GetStockData.m contains the code that retrieves the data from the Yahoo! server in four steps. First, connect to the server, using a specially formatted URL, by creating a Java URL object: url =
Once the connection is established, create a stream object to read the data that the server has returned. Use the initial stream object to create a buffered I/O stream object, which enables us to read an entire line at a time, rather than just a single character.
stream = openStream(url);
ireader =;
breader =;
Next, read all the available data into a MATLAB cell array. The Java readLine function returns a zero length string to signal the end of the data stream. To make parsing easier, make sure that each line ends with a comma. Note the use of the char function to convert a Java string to a MATLAB character array.
while 1
line = readLine(breader);
if (prod(size(line)) == 0)
line = char(line);
if line(end)~=',';line(end+1) = ',';end
% Store each line in a cell array.
stockdata{end+1} = line;
Finally, use strread to parse the data in the cell array into five MATLAB variables. The first argument to strread is the string to read from; create this from the cell array of strings by concatenating all the rows into one long row. The second argument is a format string that describes the format of each data group in the string: a string, four floating-point numbers, and an integer, or six columns of data. strread returns one variable for each column of data in the string. You can skip over a column by placing an asterisk (*) between the % and the character that indicates the type of data that the column contains. This call to strread skips over the final column, for example, by specifying %*n. The last four arguments to strread are parameter/value pairs; the first indicates that the columns in the file are delimited by commas, and the second that any empty entries in data matrix are to be filled with NaNs.
% Parse the string data into MATLAB numeric arrays.
stockdata = cat(2, stockdata{:});
[dates, open, high, low, close, volume] =...
strread(stockdata,'%s%f%f%f%f%*n', 'delimiter', ',',...
'emptyvalue', NaN);
Analysis and Visualization
Before displaying the graphs, compute the growth rates of the userspecified stock and the S&P 500 (see the function periodGrowth in DisplayStockData.m). Then, a single command creates the first graph.
candle(high, low, close, open,'red', date, 2);
The second graph is a nonstandard type, but can easily be constructed by callingline, legend, and dateaxis. The hold on/off commands ensure that the two lines appear on the same figure.
hold on
line(date500, close500, 'color', 'blue');
line(date, close, 'color','red');
hold off
legend('S&P 500', upper(symbol));
dateaxis('x', 12);
Calls to sprintf create the title strings for each of these charts.
Java and MATLAB Make a Powerful Pair
This example performs a fairly simple analysis of a small amount of data, but the techniques demonstrated here can be applied to far larger and more complex data sets. The union of Java and MATLAB creates a uniquely powerful environment. Java provides connectivity to an immense variety of data, and MATLAB provides the tools that create insights into that data. Download the example program and start using these tools together to produce better analyses faster than you could with either MATLAB or Java alone.
Published 2002
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PhD Candidate, Department of Political Science, University of Toronto
Amy Janzwood is a Ph.D. Candidate in Political Science and Environmental Studies at the University of Toronto. Her dissertation explains why there has been such great opposition to mega oil sands pipelines in North America, and the implications of this resistance. Her research broadly investigates how state and non-state actors interact on issues like energy, climate change, and trade. She is also a Research Associate at the Environmental Governance Lab, where she analyzes how strategies like carbon disclosure and carbon pricing provide pathways to decarbonization.


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Mining Production Declines
- In 2000, the value of New Brunswick mining production declined 6.8% to $791 million. Although zinc and copper prices were higher, the value of production for the metals sector showed a decline (-12.2%) with the closure of the Heath Steele mine. Production at the Brunswick base metals mine was slightly higher at 9,500 tonnes per day. The mine has about eight years of reserves at the present rate of extraction. Metals account for 66% of the total value of production.
- The value of production in the non-metals sector was up 9.6%. The sector includes peat (+15.9%), potash and salt. Annual capacity at the Potash Corporation of Saskatchewan mine near Sussex includes 785,000 tonnes of potash ore and 650,500 tonnes of rock salt. Non-metals represent 26% of total production. Structural materials and coal contribute the remainder.
- The mining, quarrying and oil wells industry represents over 2% of provincial GDP.
- Exploration expenditures in northern New Brunswick were $8.2 million in 2000, up from $7 million last year, and focused on iron, zinc, lead and copper. In southern New Brunswick the focus was on other minerals including platinum-palladium, nickel-cobalt-copper, gold, antimony and base metal sulphide.
- In 2000, a significant gas discovery was made northeast of Sussex and the extent of the reserves will be determined with additional drilling. Another development in the Moncton area involves testing wells for the commercial production of crude oil.
- In order to address the challenges confronting New Brunswick's mining industry, a study containing 27 recommendations for revitalizing the industry was released.


From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Town and union council
Country Pakistan
Region Balochistan
District Lasbela District
 - Total 10,000
Time zone PST (UTC+5)
Gadani is a coastal village of Lasbela District located in the southern part of Balochistan along the Arabian Sea, Pakistan. It is also a Union Council of Hub Tehsil[1] and is just a 1 hour drive away from Karachi, Sindh. The population of Gadani was estimated to be around 10,000 in 2005. More than 97% of the population is Muslim with a small Hindu minority. The majority of population speaks Balochi and there is a small Sindhi speaking minority. In Gadani majority of the population speaks a language named Balochi, this language is derived from Iran. They belong to Sanghur, Kurd, Sajdi, Muhammad Hasni, and Bezinjo tribes.
Many prehistoric shell-midden sites were discovered along the shores of a small bay, near Gadani. They are characterized of heaps of fragments of marine and mangrove shells among which are flint and jasper tools and stone querns. The first radiocarbon dates obtained from these middens indicate they result from the activity of people who settled along the coast both during the seventh and the fifth millennium before present.
Gadani Energy Park is an ambitious project of the new Pakistan Muslim League (Nawaz) Government (announced in August 2013) to establish 10 coal power plants of total capacity of 6,600 MW with technical and financial assistance from China. This will help in reducing the chronic power shortage problems being faced by Pakistan.[2]
Gadani Ship Breaking Yard[edit]
The world's third largest ship breaking yard, Gadani ship-breaking yard is located in Gadani. The yard consists of 132 ship-breaking plots located across a 10 km long beachfront at Gadani, Pakistan, about 50 kilometres northwest of Karachi.
Over 1 million tons of steel is scavenged per year, and much of it is sold domestically. In the 2009-2010 fiscal year, a record 107 ships, with a combined light displacement tonnage (LDT) of 852,022 tons, were broken at Gadani whereas in the previous 2008-2009 fiscal year, 86 ships, with a combined LDT of 778,598 tons, were turned into scrap.
Although, Gadani ranks as the world's third largest ship breaking yard after Alang and Chittagong in terms of volume, it is the world's leading ship breaking yard in terms of efficiency. At Gadani, a ship with 5,000 LDT is broken within 30 to 45 days, whereas in India and Bangladesh, it takes, on average, more than six months for breaking a vessel of the same size.
See also[edit]
External links[edit]
Coordinates: 25°07′10″N 66°43′55″E / 25.11944°N 66.73194°E / 25.11944; 66.73194


425942 Torque Generated in the Puller Mode Is Higher Than That in the Pusher Mode in Monoflagellated Bacteria
Wednesday, November 11, 2015: 9:45 AM
150A/B (Salt Palace Convention Center)
Pushkar Lele and Howard C. Berg, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
A helical flagellar filament in Caulobacter crescentus spins CW to push a cell forward and CCW to pull it backward. Here, we studied cells that stuck to glass surfaces and pivoted about an axis normal to the surface. The rotation of the cell was driven by hydrodynamic interactions between the filament and the glass. We inferred the sign and relative magnitudes of the torque generated by the flagellar motor from the direction and speed of rotation of the cell body. From these measurements, we determined that the filament spins twice as fast in the CCW direction. In other words, the flagellar motor generates a higher torque when C. crescentus cells swim backward. Yet, the backward and forward swimming speeds are identical, possibly due to the contribution of body-precession to the thrust when swimming. The biological significance of higher motor torque in the puller state is that it aids Caulobacter crescentus cells in pulling away from the stalked mother cells during cell-division.
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See more of this Group/Topical: Engineering Sciences and Fundamentals


One Who Knows Me: An Interview
Anna M. Shields has written a marvelous book on friendship, literature, and history in medieval China. One Who Knows Me: Friendship and Literary Culture in Mid-Tang China (Harvard University Press, 2015) is the first book-length study of friendship in the Chinese tradition. Focusing on the period from the 790s through the 820s, it asks how writing on friendship both reflected & shaped broader transformations in mid-Tang literary culture, and it weaves together historical and literary analyses in offering its answers. To hear us talking about it for the NBEAS podcast, head over to this link.


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Background: Although the extant literature on patient safety is rich, few studies have specifically examined safety from the patient perspective. In addition, little is known about how patients decide whether they are safe or satisfied with their care. From a foundation of attribution theory, we suggest that patients may interpret service quality lapses as risks to their safety, and this will influence their evaluations of their care.
Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the relationships among service quality, patient safety perceptions, and patient satisfaction by testing a model that hypothesized a mediating role for patient safety perceptions.
Methodology: Acute care patients with recent inpatient visits at three hospitals were surveyed (Hospital 1, n = 486; Hospital 2, n = 279; Hospital 3, n = 231) to examine the relationships among service quality, safety, and satisfaction.
Findings: Analysis found that patient safety perceptions partially mediated the relationship between service quality and satisfaction in Hospital 1 and fully mediated the relationship in the Hospitals 2 and 3. Thus, patient safety perceptions explained the relationship between service quality and satisfaction. Consistent with previous research, patients who reported service quality problems perceived risks to their safety.
Practice Implications: Although practitioners focus heavily on the technical aspects of care, this study suggests that it would be worthwhile to pay closer attention to how patients evaluate processes of care, in particular, the processes they may use to infer their safety in the hospital.


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More so for ZARI where 36% of the respondents were satisfied with access to information by women with 42% being dissatisfied with suitability of the facility for women. There was also a big disparity between NAIS and ZARI on the cost of the information and services (63% and 91%). However, all the members of staff at ZARI are satisfied with the quality of information, 100% satisfaction was recorded compared to 77% satisfaction at NAIS. All directors, managers and administrative staff were generally satisfied at both NAIS and ZARI. However, technical members of staff were dissatisfied (2 officers from Kasama and 4 officers at NAIS HQ; 2 officers at Kasama and 1 officer at ZARI HQ).
Table 6. Satisfaction for various factors.
Reasons for joining the project – NAIS
There were several reasons that were given by members of staff for joining the projects. Most of the respondents in NAIS indicated that they joined the project to improve the extension system of the ministry of agriculture (36%). The same number of respondents joined the project for the sake of improving their personal lives.
There were fewer members of staff who joined the project to abreast themselves with new technical information to help farmers use improved methods of production to improve their livelihoods (5%). The same percentage of respondents say they joined the project because of their positions in the institution. Some of the respondents in NAIS say they joined the project to built capacity to perform their daily duties through the use of ICTs and exchange information (27% and 5%).
Table 7. Reasons for joining NAIS project.
Reasons for joining the project – ZARI
Results of this study showed that most researchers at ZARI did not join the project with the farmers' interests at heart as most respondents had less focus at farmer level. Only 16% of the researchers joined the project to research for activities that would help generate information for farmers. Most of them joined for the purpose of communicating with their colleagues and access information for research purposes (47% and 42%). Others say they joined the project in order to get opportunities to learn more important global issues and be exposed to the outside world in terms of training (5%), while the same number said they wanted to benefit from the IICD supported project. 26% of the respondents say they joined the project to improve their IT skills.
Table 8. Reasons for joining ZARI project.
The study revealed that the project had low economic impact on NAIS (5%), although, there was no negative impact in the same institution. There was very high sector and gender impact in ZARI (83% and 60% respectively). Awareness was very high in the two projects (81% and 83%). Generally, there was lower development impact in NAIS as compared to ZARI.
Table 9. Development impact.
Before undertaking any development intervention, good practice would suggest that the two projects access what has already worked, or not worked, and why. This is of course difficult to do when undertaking pilot projects in an emerging area such as ICTs, however it is precisely for this reason that pilot projects in NAIS and ZARI had to monitor and evaluate the changes brought about by the pilot interventions.
One of the key observations made during the FGM was that the study paid attention to monitoring and evaluation of ICT outcomes, with the result that there was little data to assess the actual impact of these technologies on the rural poor and that there was need to undertake more rigorous monitoring and evaluation of the projects and develop frameworks and guidelines for measuring impact.
Since applications of ICTs in community-based development projects are still relatively new and experimental, future initiatives should build on "what works and what does not work" and "why."
There is also need for the two projects to engage in ongoing dialogue with members of staff within NAIS and ZARI and the local people in Kasama district, where the pilot projects are located, about the role and impact of ICTs and the context in which ICTs should be introduced, especially in terms of their information needs, attitudes towards the technologies themselves, applications and products, and possible impacts, both positive and negative.
For the NAIS project, the FGM also identified the need to have farmers and extension camp officers fill in the end-user questionnaires so that we engage local people in the validation of the various communication tools and let them identify the most useful medium to meet their needs. This requires acknowledging that people should be active creators and not just passive users of the new ICTs.
Generally, there was low women participation in the two projects. Was this a reflection of the establishment of the two institutions? To tackle this problem, there is need to hold a workshop for women in all IICD supported projects to in Zambia to establish why there is low women participation in the projects as this would help reshape the gender imbalances in the projects. The two projects should provide needs-sensitive ICTs skills training at all levels, especially to youths, women and marginalized groups. Individual, group and organizational ICT capacities need to be strengthened to ensure effective use of ICTs for exchange of information, in particular knowledge building for productive activities that lead to wealth generation and improved livelihoods.
1. IICD, project proposal (2006) Strengthening the agricultural information flow and dissemination system of the national Agricultural Information Services in Zambia: The Hague.
2. Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives (April 2004) Agriculture and Cooperatives final draft policy, Lusaka: Zambia.
3. Rural information services, (1986) Annual report, Ministry of and Water Development, Lusaka, Zambia.
4. Infornet, (February 2006) Information Needs Assessment Survey for Kasama and Kafue districts, Lusaka, Zambia.
5. Welcome to Zambia Agriculture Research Institute, Researching Soils, Crops and Water in Zambia.
6. Millennium Development Goals
7. Clare O'Farrell, Pat Norrish and Nigel Scott, (1999) ICTs for Sustainable Livelihoods,
8. Simon Batchelor and Clare O'Farrell, (March 2009) Revisiting the "Magic Box" – Guiding principles for ICT interventions.