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|START Conference Manager|
This paper reports an exploratory reusability study of digital learning material. Materials from eight university professors and the corresponding interviews by chat were collected and analyzed from qualitative inquiry perspective and using grounded theory method. Sensitizing initial concepts from education, design, computer and information science were used in the initial approach to collect data, but the analysis results were rooted in actual material and chat texts. The research team was composed of three researchers and two assistants; group discussions led to the collection and analysis of data. The findings suggest that: (1) learning promotion, (2) access, (3) emotional appeal, (4) technical suitability, (5) effective graphical and textual communication, (6) creativity, (7) collaboration, and (8) subject authority are related to reusability. These categories offer the structural elements to design and implement digital learning material collections. The latter are the basis for knowledge management oriented systems aimed at sharing and preserving digital learning materials.
Program Track: Posters and Demos Submission Type: Poster
START Conference Manager (V2.56.8 - Rev. 1261)


The perks of giving: how spending money on others can lower blood pressure
According to a new study, "prosocial spending" may be as good for blood pressure as a healthy diet and exercise
A lot of people believe that the way to become happier and healthier is by spending money on one's self. Putting in extra hours at work and saving up money to be able to buy the things that are believed to bring happiness. However, some research has shown that in terms of health, this isn't exactly the way to go.
Past research has shown that when money is spent on others, greater well-being is experienced than if that money was spent on one's self. Could something as simple as buying a friend dinner or donating to charity improve our health, too—and if so, how?
According to a paper published this February in the journal Health Psychology, it can—and one way it works is by lowering blood pressure.
In an initial study, researchers looked at the relationship between giving money to others (or "prosocial spending") and blood pressure, a simple measure of cardiovascular health. One hundred eighty-six adults who had been diagnosed with high blood pressure were asked to indicate how much money they spent on charities and other causes, and then followed up with two years later. By then, the participants who had initially spent the most on causes had lower blood pressure than participants who had spent less money. This association held even after accounting for the effects of income, education level, and age.
In a second study, the researchers looked at whether spending money on others could actually cause a reduction in blood pressure. On three days during a six-week study, 73 participants with high blood pressure were instructed to spend $40 given to them by the researchers. Half were told to spend the money on themselves, while the other half were told to spend the money on others. The researchers found that the participants who had spent money on others had lower blood pressure at the end of the study. Notably, this effect appeared to be as large as the benefits of healthy diet and exercise.
Why does prosocial spending have these benefits? One possibility is that it increases how socially connected people feel. Feeling closer to the ones who have received help can enhance relationships with others, which have a large impact on health.
Ashley Whillans, doctoral candidate at the University of British Columbia and lead author of the paper, says that prosocial spending may also work to reduce the negative health effects of stress. According to Whillans, future research on prosocial spending and health could investigate whether "helping others protects us from the stresses and strains of our day-to-day lives."
How to maximize the health benefits of giving
If you are looking to spend money on others, researchers have found several ways to make sure that you get the greatest benefit from your spending.
Whillans reports that participants appeared to benefit most when they chose to spend money on people they were close to. This accords with past research suggesting that spending money on others benefits well-being most when it makes givers feel more socially connected.
Additionally, giving seems to be best when the choice to help others comes intrinsically: When it's pressured, the same psychological benefits are not likely to be experienced. Whillans and her co-authors point out that feeling burdened can undermine cardiovascular health, so helping others may not be as beneficial if we feel pressured to do so.
When giving money and time to others, research suggests, we end up gaining something as a result: We experience increases in health and well-being. In particular, giving to others may help strengthen our relationships and foster resilience in the face of stress. Even giving small amounts of money can be beneficial, Whillans reminds us: "It is possible to maximize the happiness and health benefits of every dollar."
This article was originally written by Elizabeth Hopper and was published on Berkeley's Greater Good
10 Short Answers to Hard Questions About Climate Change
10 Short Answers to Hard Questions About Climate Change
Svante Arrhenius (_PHONE_) was a Swedish scientist and probably the first person to ever mention climate change due to energy use in human activity, when he proposed a relation between atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and temperature. Several decades later, Al Gore made an impact in collective culture with "An Inconvenient Truth", a Documentary in which the former vice president of the United States aims to educate society about Global warming presenting a wide repertoire of facts and information in a thoughtful and compelling way.
The most talked-about documentary in the 2006 Sundance Film Festival has been criticized. Due to some of the phenomena presented, Al Gore was accused of exaggeration and alarmism, but most of what is proposed on the film is accurate, according to expert witnesses.
Another uncomfortable truth is that the issue with Climate Change is overwhelming. The science is confusing and predictions about the fate of the planet may vary.
The New York Times have put together a list of quick answers to often-asked questions about climate change. This should give you a running start on understanding the problem.
1. How much is the planet heating up?
1.7 degrees is actually a significant amount.
As of October 2015, the Earth had warmed by about 1.7 degrees Fahrenheit since 1880, when records begin at a global scale. That figure includes the surface of the ocean. The warming is greater over land, and greater still in the Arctic and parts of Antarctica.
The number may sound low, but as an average over the surface of an entire planet, it is actually high, which explains why much of the world's land ice is starting to melt and the oceans are rising at an accelerating pace. The heat accumulating in the Earth because of human emissions is roughly equal to the heat that would be released by 400,000 Hiroshima atomic bombs exploding across the planet every day.
Scientists believe most and probably all of the warming since 1950 was caused by the human release of greenhouse gases. If emissions continue unchecked, they say the global warming could ultimately exceed 8 degrees Fahrenheit, which would transform the planet and undermine its capacity to support a large human population.
2. How much trouble are we in?
For future generations, big trouble.
The risks are much greater over the long run than over the next few decades, but the emissions that create those risks are happening now. Over the coming 25 or 30 years, scientists say, the climate is likely to resemble that of today, although gradually getting warmer. Rainfall will be heavier in many parts of the world, but the periods between rains will most likely grow hotter and therefore drier. The number of hurricanes and typhoons may actually fall, but the ones that do occur will draw energy from a hotter ocean surface, and therefore may be more intense, on average, than those of the past. Coastal flooding will grow more frequent and damaging.
All of this could take hundreds or even thousands of years to play out, conceivably providing a cushion of time for civilization to adjust, but experts cannot rule out abrupt changes, such as a collapse of agriculture, that would throw society into chaos much sooner. Bolder efforts to limit emissions would reduce these risks, or at least slow the effects, but it is already too late to eliminate the risks entirely.
3. Is there anything I can do?
Fly less, drive less, waste less.
If you want to offset your emissions, you can buy certificates, with the money going to projects that protect forests, capture greenhouse gases and so forth. Some airlines sell these to offset emissions from their flights, and after some scandals in the early days, they started to scrutinize the projects closely, so the offsets can now be bought in good conscience. You can also buy offset certificates in a private marketplace, from companies such as TerraPass in San Francisco that follow strict rules set up by the state of California; some people even give these as holiday gifts. Yet another way: In states that allow you to choose your own electricity supplier, you can often elect to buy green electricity; you pay slightly more, with the money going into a fund that helps finance projects like wind farms.
4. What's the optimistic scenario?
Several things have to break our way.
5. Will reducing meat in my diet help the climate?
Yes, beef especially.
Agriculture of all types produces greenhouse gases that warm the planet, but meat production is especially harmful – and beef is the most environmentally damaging form of meat. Some methods of cattle production demand a lot of land, contributing to destruction of forests; the trees are typically burned, releasing carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Other methods require huge amounts of water and fertilizer to grow food for the cows.
The cows themselves produce emissions of methane, a potent greenhouse gas that causes short-term warming. Meat consumption is rising worldwide as the population grows, and as economic development makes people richer and better able to afford meat.
This is worrisome: Studies have found that if the whole world were to start eating beef at the rate Americans eat it, produced by the methods typically used in the United States, that alone might erase any chance of staying below an internationally agreed-upon limit on global warming. Pork production creates somewhat lower emissions than beef production, and chicken is lower still. So reducing your meat consumption, or switching from beef and pork to chicken in your diet, are both moves in the right direction. Of course, as with any kind of behavioral change meant to benefit the climate, this will only make a difference if lots of other people do it, too, reducing the overall demand for meat products.
6. What's the worst case scenario?
There are many.
That is actually hard to say, which is one reason scientists are urging that emissions be cut; they want to limit the possibility of any worst-case scenario coming to pass. Perhaps the greatest fear is a collapse of food production, accompanied by


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Saturday, November 05, 2005
Brit of the Day: Colin Leakey
They've been a staple in student diets and English fry-ups for years, but beans have always had one big drawback - their dramatic effect on human wind production.
Now a Cambridge boffin has developed fart-free varieties to the relief of baked bean fans and their families everywhere.
Dr Colin Leakey - that is his real name - has just produced his first six-tonne harvest of a new strain of South American manteca beans.
The original manteca beans were famed for their gas-less qualities and prized by the upper-classes because they could be served up at stench-free dinner parties.
Dr Leakey, 71, has even developed his own 'fart-ometer' to measure the amount of flatulence produced by manteca beans compared to other varieties.
"In physiological and replicated tests, the manteca beans produced no more flatulence than muesli or any other normal (non-bean) grain crop," he said.
The agricultural consultant now hopes an organic food company will use his beans in their frozen food products.
They have already been grown in industrial-scale trials abroad and are sold in French supermarkets as 'Haricots non-flatulent'.
"I call the beans 'social beans' and am confident that they are relatively wind-free," he said.
Source: Sky News
Posted by The Mistress at 11:17 AM

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


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What your car color says about you
If you're driving a yellow car, you may be the human embodiment of that "don't worry, be happy" smiley face we remember from the 1980s. Yellow exudes joy and a positive attitude.
Young people are drawn to yellow, Cooperman says. "Kids in their 20s like brighter colors and welcome trends and color," she says. They like small, bolder shapes and vivid hues. "Bright color doesn't feel like a risk to them."
However, it feels risky to many other people. Yellow or gold cars made up only 1 percent to 2 percent of car colors.


DNI Advice
The Spanish NIE has provided quite a lot of unpleasant last minute surprises, since is compulsory to show it on any important act made in Spain.
You will find here the most frequently asked questions, so you save yourself a few problems:
What is a NIE?
An NIE Number is a tax identification number to be used in Spain. Prior to purchasing a property, selling a property, obtaining a mortgage, starting up a business or working in Spain, it is a requirement by law that every individual possess an NIE Number. The application process is laborious and time consuming, and without the use of a service such as ours, would require normally two trips to Spain, and over 10 hours of waiting in queues, along with the filling out of complex application forms.
The actual NIE Number, when produced from a National Police Station in Spain is printed out on a piece of paper, and this sheet of paper is often used as a form of identity. Once you have been issued an NIE number, it is yours for life.
Everywhere on the internet it says that you have to apply in person for your NIE Number? Is this true?
Yes, this is certainly the case. Without question the Spanish law states very clearly that the person must apply for the documents in person. However, the Spanish law also clearly states that a legalised, Spanish power-of-attorney document enables any individual to be represented by another for all legal purposes in Spain (as long as it is declared as such within the power-of-attorney). Therefore through virtue of these combined laws, we are able to apply for a NIE number on your behalf without the need for you to be in Spain.
You should also note that, regardless of the clearly stated laws, many local branches of the national police throughout Spain choose not to allow this, which is why some lawyers are unable to act on your behalf for this purpose.
How long does the procedure take?
Once we have received your documents (POA and copies of passports – both legalised) the NIE number is obtained within 10 business days (which equates to normally 2 weeks, exceptions made for public and bank holidays).
Prior to sending the documents to us, they must be notarised (by a Notary Public in your area) and then stamped with the Hague Apostille.
Do I need to send photos for my NIE number card?
No you do not need to send photos to apply for the NIE number.
The NIE number is in fact not a card at all. Rather it is a sheet of A4 paper bearing your details (as outlined on your passport) as well as an official stamp from the National Police of Spain. This original document is an extremely important item of identification in Spain, even though it does not include any photo. Your passport and/or eventually your residence card used in conjunction with your NIE number is generally sufficient for most functions to do with government & taxation in Spain(such as purchasing a property in Spain, paying taxes, selling a property in Spain, etc.).
What happens if I have lost my NIE Number?
Applying for a duplicate NIE number is the same process as applying for the first time. One thing to watch out for however, albeit most of the time this goes without saying, is that the same details are put on the second application form as the first because if not, they police will have problems in issuing the same number if they cannot prove 100% that it is the same person.
I am an EU Citizen, what documentation do you need from me?
As an EU citizen, in order to obtain an NIE Number on your behalf, we will require only a notarised, legalised power of attorney document and a notarised, legalised copy of your passport. There is nothing further required.
I am an NON-EU Citizen, what documentation do you need from me?
As a non-EU citizen, in order to obtain an NIE Number on your behalf, we will require a notarised, legalised power of attorney document, a notarised, legalised copy of your full passport, a full copy of your passport (all pages – email or fax is fine for this purpose), documented evidence (or proof of) why you require an NIE Number. In the case of a property purchase, a private purchase contract, a letter from a mortgage company, or similar type of document will suffice.
I've been told I can apply for my NIE card through the Spanish consulate. Is this true? If yes, what benefits does your service offer over applying through a Spanish consulate?
Yes, this is entirely true. The primary benefit of using our service as opposed to applying through a Spanish consulate is speed. The average time required for an individual to obtain their NIE number via applying through a Spanish consulate is 16 weeks. This varies from one country to the next, we encourage people to contact their closest Spanish consulate first and enquire about their turnaround time.
Can I get a temporary NIE number at the consulate to sign the deeds of my property?
This is not possible. The NIE that you are issued initially is the same NIE for the rest of your life. Even if you lose the document and apply for a new one, the same number will be issued to you again. Therefore there is no such thing as a temporary NIE.
If you need the NIE for signing title deeds in Spain, as soon as we have submitted the application, we can send a stamped copy to the sellers, mortgage broker, lawyer or whomever is demanding the NIE as proof that the NIE is on the way. This usually pacifies the situation until the document is issued.


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August 08, 2023 at 08:47 AM
Crocodile fat 30 ml ( 1.01 oz)
Crocodile fat is an important national primary form of Middle Eastern cosmetics. For the face: crocodile fat is a powerful moisturizer, actively regenerates cells, suitable for all skin types. It is especially good for age-related, wrinkled skin, as this fat improves blood circulation in blood vessels, improves metabolism, noticeably tightens the oval of the face. Crocodile fat is also used for severe skin inflammation, in the presence of such serious diseases as psoriasis, severe burns, allergic dermatitis and skin protection from UV radiation. For the body: crocodile fat is successfully used in the treatment of diseases of the musculoskeletal system, osteochondrosis, artira, intervertebral hernia, joint diseases. It has analgesic and anti-inflammatory effect. In the presence of sports injuries, crocodile fat helps to accelerate the healing of fractures. It is also recommended to use corocodyl fat even for pregnant women to prevent overgrowth of the skin. But the main purpose of crocodile fat is to help in the treatment of varicose veins! For hair: restores severely damaged hair, actively nourishes the bulbs, prevents hair loss.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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A New Deep Red-Emitting Mn2+-Activated SrLaGa3S6O Phosphor
A new deep red-emitting Mn2+-activated SrLaGa3S6O phosphor was first prepared by a solid-state reaction method. Their luminescence properties were investigated by photoluminescence excitation and emission spectra. The emission spectrum shows a broad band with an emission maximum at 668 nm under the host excitation of 340 nm. The full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the emission peak is about 83 nm. The CIE chromaticity coordinates (x = 0.673 and y = 0.312) shows that the phosphor emission is in the deep red region and were very near to the NTSC standard values for red. Since the excitation band of the phosphor lies in the near UV excitable region, giving a deep red emission, it can be used for applications in near UV phosphor converted white LED lighting and display devices.
Chunliang Zhang and Liangchi Zhang
R. J. Yu et al., "A New Deep Red-Emitting Mn2+-Activated SrLaGa3S6O Phosphor", Key Engineering Materials, Vols. 531-532, pp. 145-148, 2013


Naming resources
This page describes the naming convention for Compute Engine resources.
Resources are the fundamental components that make up a Cloud service or product. For example, resources on Compute Engine include but are not limited to:
To learn more about resources, see Global, regional, and zonal resources documentation.
Naming convention
When you create a new resource on Compute Engine, you have to provide properties such as a name for the resource.
For resources on Compute Engine, the resource name must meet the following format (unless specified differently in the documentation for creating that resource):
 - Be 1-63 characters in length.
 - Comply with RFC 1035 conventions.
 - Match the regular expression [a-z]([-a-z0-9]*[a-z0-9])?. This means that the first character must be a lowercase letter, and all the following characters must be hyphens, lowercase letters, or digits, except the last character, which cannot be a hyphen.
Name uniqueness
In general, resource names must be unique within a location within a project. For example, an external IP address name must be unique within the region where it resides. However, you can reuse names across locations.
If the VmDnsSetting setting for your instance is not set to ZonalOnly then your VM instance names must be unique across the project. We strongly recommend using the VmDnsSetting:ZonalOnly setting for your projects, not only so you can reuse VM names across locations, but also because it offers higher reliability guarantees by isolating failures in the DNS registration to individual zones. For more information, see Zonal DNS names.


How can I freeze specific weights of Neural network model?
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I need to set some specific weights before training, and keep these weights fixed during training
采纳的回答
Utkarsh
Utkarsh 2020-6-18
Hi Abdelwahab,
If you wish to assign those weights in the beginning and keep them as constant, you can set the 'WeightLearnRateFactor' property as 0 (which defines the learning rate for that layer) for those layers.
For example,
convolution2dLayer(3,1,'Padding',[1 1 1 1],'WeightLearnRateFactor',0);
You may refer to this link to learn more about such properties.
Or if you want to fix certain weights to some layers in a trained network , then directly assign those layers the values after training the network.
net = alexnet; % or your pre-trained network
layer = net.Layers(1) % here 1 can be replaced with the layer number you wish to change
layer.Weights = randn(11,11,3,96); %the weight matrix which you wish to assign
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Ahmad Gad
Ahmad Gad 2021-8-25
编辑：Ahmad Gad 2021-8-25
Can I do the same for a shallow network? And using which function?
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RTC Based Pump Switcher
We usually come across areas where we need to switch devices on/off at particular time intervals. We simulate this system using a water pump that is controlled through RTC input. The RTC (Real time clock) is used to switch the motor on and off at desired time intervals. An RTC outputs real time signals which need to be converted into digital signals for further processing. The RTC provides these inputs to the microcontroller. The microcontroller then checks for time. It then switches on off motor when the RTC time matches pre defined time.


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|man pages section 1: User Commands Oracle Solaris 11 Express 11/10|
- display the native instruction sets executable on this platform
isalist prints the names of the native instruction sets executable on this platform on the standard output, as returned by the SI_ISALIST command of sysinfo(2).
The names are space-separated and are ordered in the sense of best performance. That is, earlier-named instruction sets might contain more instructions than later-named instruction sets; a program that is compiled for an earlier-named instruction sets will most likely run faster on this machine than the same program compiled for a later-named instruction set.
Programs compiled for instruction sets that do not appear in the list will most likely experience performance degradation or not run at all on this machine.
The instruction set names known to the system are listed in isalist(5). These names might or might not match predefined names or compiler options in the C language compilation system,
This command is obsolete and may be removed in a future version of Solaris. See isainfo(1) for a better way to handle instruction set extensions.
See attributes(5) for descriptions of the following attributes:


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You must login before you can run this tool.
The General Algebraic Modeling System (GAMS) is a high-level modeling system for mathematical programming and optimization. It consists of a language compiler and a stable of integrated high-performance solvers.
The General Algebraic Modeling System (GAMS) is specifically designed for modeling linear, nonlinear and mixed integer optimization problems. The system is especially useful with large, complex problems.
GAMS is especially useful for handling large, complex, one-of-a-kind problems which may require many revisions to establish an accurate model. The system models problems in a highly compact and natural way. The user can change the formulation quickly and easily, can change from one solver to another, and can even convert from linear to nonlinear with little trouble.
GAMS lets the user concentrate on modeling. By eliminating the need to think about purely technical machine-specific problems such as address calculations, storage assignments, subroutine linkage, and input-output and flow control, GAMS increases the time available for conceptualizing and running the model, and analyzing the results. GAMS structures good modeling habits itself by requiring concise and exact specification of entities and relationships. The GAMS language is formally similar to commonly used programming languages. It is therefore familiar to anyone with programming experience.
Using GAMS, data are entered only once in familiar list and table form. Models are described in concise algebraic statements which are easy for both humans and machines to read. Whole sets of closely related constraints are entered in one statement. GAMS automatically generates each constraint equation, and lets the user make exceptions in cases where generality is not desired. Statements in models can be reused without having to change the algebra when other instances of the same or related problems arise. The location and type of errors are pinpointed before a solution is attempted. GAMS handles dynamic models involving time sequences, lags and leads and treatment of temporal endpoints.


Add a Person Record
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People records let you create, track, and search information about your members. You must be a group admin in order to create or modify people records.
An individual's person record is distinct from their Faithlife account. While a Faithlife account is created and controlled by that individual, the person record is created and managed by an organization. As a group admin, you can link person records to a Faithlife account that is a member of your group. This will add some information from that account to your person record. There are multiple ways to create a person record. Select the method that works best with your workflow.
Skip ahead to:
Invite a member to your group
Add an individual
Bulk import people records
Create a digital connection card
Create a family record
Search your people records
Invite a member to your group
Faithlife automatically generates a person record for each member or follower of your group. Learn how to invite members to your group.
Add an individual
 1. Navigate to your group on
 2. In your group's Admin panel, click People.
 1. Click Add Person.
 1. Provide a name, and select whether the individual is a child or an adult. If desired, you can add a photo of the individual (this photo may be visible to any member of your group).
 2. Click Create.
 1. The person record will open. You can provide additional information about the individual (Learn more about populating a person recordor click Done. To add another person record, click Add Another.
Bulk import people records
You can import people records from another system using a CSV file.
 1. Export your people records from your old system in CSV file format. Faithlife can interpret CSV files from most record management systems.
 2. Check your file. Look through the file to make sure all of the data in columns match column headers. To import families, we recommend having a "Family" column in your spreadsheet. Add the family name in that column next to each person in the family. If a family has multiple surnames, separate the names with commas.
 3. Navigate to your church group on
 4. In your group's Admin panel, click People.
 1. Click the more options icon, then select Import from CSV.
 1. Select the.csv file you exported. A window will appear with three columns.
 - The first column displays column names from the first row of your.csv file.
 - The second column displays the corresponding field on the Faithlife platform.
 - The third column displays the type of data corresponding to each column.
 1. Ensure that the first and second columns match as closely as possible. For anything you can't match, select Notes in the second column. Do not leave empty rows in the second column. If you do, that data will not be imported.
 2. Check the data types in the third column and make sure they correspond to the first and second columns. (for example, that email addresses are correctly designated with the email address data type).
 3. Check or uncheck File contains a header row.
 4. Check or uncheck Update existing. If you leave this checked, the system will search for corresponding people records and override them instead of creating new ones (the system will ask you to confirm the changes).
 5. Click Done. It may take a few moments for the system to process all of the data--do not press Done more than once. When it's ready, your people records will appear in the People area of your church group.
Create a digital connection card
Digital connection cards provide a way to quickly create one or more person records, even with limited information.
 1. Navigate to your church group on
 2. In your group's Admin panel, click People, then click Add Connection Card.
 1. In the text box, type a name and any additional information you want to be associated with that person record (such as age or gender). The system will parse the information you provide and assign it to the relevant fields.
Note: To create more than one person record at a time, insert a comma or "and" between the information for each person.
 1. Press Enter. Based on your input, one or more person records will be created. If you add more than one person, the system will ask if you'd like to add all new records to a family record.
Create a family record
Family records link individual person accounts in a family unit, which has certain types of data associated with it (such as an address, phone number, etc.). Adding people via a family record is the best approach when it's more important to get the whole family in the system than it is to provide detailed information to a single person record.
You can create a new family record from existing or new person records, or using a combination of existing and new records.
 1. Navigate to your church group on
 2. In your group's Admin panel, click People, then click Families.
 1. Click Add family
 2. Add individuals to the family by clicking + Add Family Members and typing a name in the search box that appears.
 1. If a person record for that individual exists, click it to add it to the family record. Otherwise, click Create a new record. Repeat this step for each family member.
 1. After you've added individuals to the family record, provide a family name, address, etc. in the boxes below.
Learn more about creating Family records.
Search your people records
Once you've added people records to your church group, you're ready to search and create lists of your members. Learn more here.
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The Palisades Museum of Prehistory (PMOP), incorporated in Washington DC, is a non-profit regional organization dedicated to promoting the awareness and preservation of prehistoric artifacts in the Palisades of Washington DC.
The PMOP will accomplish its mission by providing information, education, and archaeological guidance.
In addition to curation and preservation of prehistoric artifacts, the PMOP will assemble a library of archaeological records, maps, and surveys pertinent to the region's prehistory. These records are now housed in disparate locations e.g. universities, National Park Service, State Historic Preservation Offices, Smithsonian archives. The localized information will be made available in the museum located in the Palisades of Washington DC.
More interest in our prehistory will hopefully allow the PMOP to organize a volunteer network that can react rapidly to events exposing our prehistory - like road works, building excavations, and erosion.
The bulk of prehistoric data remains locked up in government agencies and academic institutions. Many in the archaeological profession believe that releasing this information will encourage people to collect artifacts on federal lands. However well-intentioned, this mindset continues to exact a toll on the prehistoric record. Ignorance of history will guarantee the obliteration of the archeological record as more development continues with little regard to the people who onced lived here.
By providing the public access to the archaeological record, PMOP will boost awareness of our area's human history. In the end, both professionals and public will benefit from the increase of knowledge.
Because our region's prehistory spans at least 12,000 years, waves of indigenous cultures have come and gone dispersing evidence over broad geographic areas. The ravages of time have thinned much of that evidence. By recovering more evidence over a broader area, and making that information public, the PMOP hopes to raise awareness and understanding of those who lived here for thousands of years.
In terms of human evolution, the formative years of our species existed in lithic cultures. By greatly expanding the knowledge base of those cultures, the Palisades Museum of Prehistory hopes to shed light on our human nature.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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In 1973, Mayor Harvey Sloan oversaw the creation of Louisville's first Landmarks Commission, modeled after an ordinance in New York City, making preservation public policy for the first time in the city. Now 39 years later, Louisville has created on average two Individual Landmarks a year, seven Landmarks Districts, a new merged government structure with new political dynamics, and the Metro Council has voted to change how preservation happens in the city.
In early February, Metro Councilmember David Yates sponsored an amendment to Louisville's Landmarks Ordinance, complaining the original system lacked oversight, accountability, and public participation. Quickly joining Yates, eight additional council members, mostly representing suburban districts around the old Urban Service District, signed on as cosponsors. The amendment was introduced in Metro Council on Thursday, February 9, 2012, and over the proceeding six months, politicians and preservationists clashed on how Landmarks designation procedures should work, resulting in a newly politicized process and additional thresholds to be met in the public petition process. But in all the arguing, Louisville missed a real opportunity for preservation reform.


Skip to definition.
Noun: snapper sna-pu(r)
 "the snapper fumbled the handoff";
 - center [US], centre [Brit, Cdn]
 2. Flesh of any of various important food fishes of warm seas
 - cracker, cracker bonbon
 4. Australian food fish having a pinkish body with blue spots
 - Chrysophrys auratus
 5. Any of several large sharp-toothed marine food and sport fishes of the family Lutjanidae of mainly tropical coastal waters
 6. Large-headed turtle with powerful hooked jaws found in or near water; prone to bite
 - common snapping turtle, Chelydra serpentina
Derived forms: snappers
Type of: favor [US], favour [Brit, Cdn], food fish, lineman, party favor [US], party favour [Brit, Cdn], percoid, percoid fish, percoidean, saltwater fish, snapping turtle, sparid, sparid fish
Part of: Chelydra, Chrysophrys, family Lutjanidae, genus Chelydra, genus Chrysophrys, Lutjanidae
Encyclopedia: Snapper


text:
The Future of Lentil Systems in Nepal - Virtual Workshop
Lentils are an important crop in Nepal, providing good nutritional values and an affordable source of protein. However, lentil farming in Nepal faces challenges, especially in wet winters, leading to low gains in yield despite development efforts to prioritize lentil production.
Innovative solutions are needed and opportunities exist to strengthen the entire lentil value chain across Nepal.
Please join the Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Legume Systems Research, in partnership with the Nepal USAID Mission and in collaboration with Nepal Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock, National Grain Legumes Research Program, and CIMMYT's Nepal Seed and Fertilizer project, for a two-day exploration of lentil systems in Nepal.
This interactive workshop will feature global and local experts delving into the current state of lentil systems in Nepal, exploring current and future global lentil systems innovations, and seeking new opportunities to strengthen this vital crop.
December 15 and 16 4:45-7:45 PM Nepal
Register at this link


text:
Formulasi Surfaktan Metil Ester Sulfonat sebagai Oil Well Cleaning
Mulideas, Vini Virdiana
MetadataShow full item record
Oil productivity reduction may be due to plugging in the oil rock formations. The plugging may be caused by the deposition of paraffin, asphaltene, and scale. Problem caused by the presence of the precipitate is the rock formation can be oil wet so that oil permeability decreases. The problem can be solved by well cleaning technique with surfactant formula. Surfactant MES is a type of anionic surfactant which has ability to lower the interfcial tension, surface tension, and able to change the properties of rock from oil wet to become water wet. Surfactant MES formula for well cleaning requires carrier agent. In this study, diesel oil and metil ester were used as carrying agent. Aromatic solvents were also needed. Xylene and toluene has ability to dissolve asphaltene that deposites in formation. Surfaktan formulation for well cleaning was done with several stages, those are determine the SMES concentration and aromatic solvents concentration. Surfactant performance tests for oil well cleaning were thermal stability, phase behavior, and wettability. The surfactant formula which gave the best performance was SMES 3% in metil ester carrying agent with xylene 15% as additive.


Creating and managing blocks on your Vineyard
Blocks in Platfarm let you define management zones, and create jobs quickly.
Blocks contain attributes of:
 1. a name
 2. a Vineyard
 3. a Variety
 4. Vine rows
Vinerows are the most important geographical element of your Vineyard and blocks. You do not need to define the geographical area of your block boundaries, the system will automatically identify them based on the vine
You can use block colours to help create visual separation of your vineyard maps. For example give all Shiraz blocks the colour blue, and Grenache the colour orange.


text:
The 1-14K refrigerated micro-centrifuges are suitable for sedimentation of micro-tube volumes between 0.2ml and 2ml.
Although the smallest in its class, the 1-14K refrigerated micro-centrifuges have a maximum capacity of 24 x 2ml microtubes and maximum speed of 15,000 rpm.
These refrigerated micro centrifuges find use in microbiological, molecular biological and medical research applications as well as PCR/DNA analysis.
Key features of the 1-14K refrigerated micro-centrifuges
- Rapid cooling system with adjustable temperature range of -10ºC to +40ºC
- Incorporates R134a environment-friendly refrigerant
- Six different rotors are supplied with 12, 18 and 24 microtubes capacity
- Rotors are made from polypropylene or aluminium and delivered with a transparent lid
- Offers additional acceleration curves (soft-start), deceleration curves (soft-stop) and a short-run mode
- Soft-start enables gentle acceleration and protects sensitive samples
- Soft-stop significantly reduces remixing of sediments when stopping the centrifuge
- Control panel with up to 10-program memory storage, displays parameters such as speed, relative centrifugal force as well as running time


text:
Work to enhance the modelling tool used to target investment to improve river water quality has begun ahead of PR24.
UK Water Industry Research (UKWIR) is leading work to develop the SAGIS-SIMCAT model, which has been used over successive price review periods to help water companies and the environmental regulators determine the environmental improvement programmes required to ensure that the UK meets the obligations of the Water Framework Directive.
It provides a single model for each river basin helping to pinpoint sources of pollution and identify the most effective interventions to improve water quality, including investment on water company assets and by other sectors operating within the catchment.
Ahead of PR24, the model will be further enhanced to:
- Understand Brexit's impact on agricultural policy and how this could impact water quality
- Look at the link between improved water quality and overall ecological status of a catchment
- Model the impact of climate change to identify investment required to improve long-term resilience.
- Embed the sector share approach so water company customers only pay for investment needed by the water sector to address pollution.
More information about the SAGIS-SIMCAT model is available here


text:
Palisades State Park is located in eastern South Dakota and is filled with Sioux quartzite formations estimated to be 1.2 billion years old throughout, including in Split Rock Creek which flows through the park. The park is popular with rock climbers who can climb the 50 feet or higher quartzite cliffs. The picture shows King and Queen Rock which are popular with rock climbers.
Sioux quartzite comes from sandstone that was fused into blocks of solid quartz and is pink in color. Plains Indians used this quartzite for their ceremonial pipes. An American Indian quarry outside of Pipestone, Minnesota was a trading hub whose goods have been found as far as the western side of the Rocky Mountains in archaeological digs. Many buildings in eastern South Dakota and Minnesota were built out of the rock including the Federal Building in Sioux Falls, South Dakota in 1892.
View Larger Map


Take the 2-minute tour ×
Consider a square planar grid. (The vertices are pair of points in the plane with integer coordinates and two vertices are adjacent if they agree in one coordinate and differ by one in the other.)
Give every edge a length one with probability a half and length two with probability a half.
Consider a shortest path between the origin and the vertex $(n,0)$.
Show that with probability that tends to one as $n$ tends to infinity the shortest path will not contain the "middle edge" on the x-axis inbetween the orgin and $(n,0)$. (Namely, the edge between the vertices $(\lfloor\frac{n}{2}\rfloor,0)$ and $(\lfloor\frac{n}{2}\rfloor+1,0)$.)
This question is in the category of "a missing lemma". It is not really a full fledged open problem but rather a statement which looks correct that was needed in some paper and resisted proof. Of course, some such "lemmas" turn out to be very difficult, but sometimes maybe a simple argument was simply missed. The relevant paper is with Itai Benjamini and Oded Schramm: First Passage Percolation Has Sublinear Distance Variance
While MO have chosen to accept one answer, and there were some nice suggestions, the problem is still wide open.
share|improve this question
Thanks Alon, I myself cannot see the latex (it leaves the formulas uncompiled) so I prefer the plain text. – Gil Kalai Dec 23 '09 at 10:34
Nitpicking: is it "a shortest path" or "the shortest path"? Do you want to show there is a shortest path avoiding the given edge, or that all shortest paths avoid the given edge. – Boris Bukh Dec 23 '09 at 11:26
That's really a shame, Gil. Have you tried installing jsMath along with the fonts? It's not supposed to be necessary but perhaps it'll help. – Alon Amit Dec 23 '09 at 18:00
Boris, I suppose I just want to show that there is a shortest path avoiding this middle edge. Alon, jsMath? where – Gil Kalai Dec 23 '09 at 18:50
Boris: That's not nitpicky, it's actually an important point. If the distribution of passage times is continuous, then with probability one, there is a unique minimizing path between any two points. Here, since the distribution has atoms, with positive probability, there are multiple shortest paths. – Tom LaGatta Dec 26 '09 at 2:02
show 1 more comment
7 Answers
Gil: This is a type of problem that I know little about so here I am thinking out loud about problems that seem natural to ask about this situation. It is hard to believe that people have not already thought about these questions and perhaps answered them. Where would I look to find out more?
You write you are interested in a "square planar grid." So I took this to mean that you were thinking about the points of a "square grid graph" with lx1 squares as the cells that goes from (0,0) to (n,n) and where weights were going to be assigned to the edges of size 1 or 2.
The paths that you are talking about need not be constrained to move up and to the right but it might be interesting to contrast the behavior of general shortest paths with those that move up and to the right. It would also seem to be of interest to see what happens if one selects half of the edges at random and makes them all length 1 edges and makes all the others of length 2. Since there are 4n edges this means 2n are 1's and 2n are 2's. Furthermore, If we insist that paths move up and to the right, such paths all have length 2n, so "very shortest" paths would consist only on 1's.
In both settings:
a. What is the probability there is a shortest path to (n,n) consisting of all 1's?
b. What can be said about the expected value of the length of a shortest path to (n, n)? What can be said about the expected number of paths of this value?
c. When one insists that each of the two lengths appear equally often how many different ways can this happen? (One can also ask how many of these are different up to symmetry of the "colored" graph, treating the lengths as two colors.) One could count in the general case too but the up and to the right case seems more interesting here.
share|improve this answer
To whomever gave this post a negative vote: Shame on you. This post does not answer the question Gil asked, but so what? It is exploratory and raises some interesting ideas; perhaps one of those could lead to a correct answer. Posts like this are exactly what MathOverflow needs. – Tom LaGatta Dec 26 '09 at 1:57
Joe, it is a very good idea to consider paths from (0,0) to (n,n) and to consider also the case where you only go north and east. This restricted model is called "directed percolation". As far as I know the lemma is not known for directed percolation. There is one version where the distribution of edge length is exponential and you want the path of MAXIMUM length where this model is understood very well and is strongly connected to maximum eigenvalues of random symmetric matrices, largest monotone subsequences etc. – Gil Kalai Dec 26 '09 at 19:27
It may be possible that for this version (directed percolation; exponential lengths, maximum path), the detailed understanding of the model may lead to a proof of the lemma; but I am not sure even about it. (There are hopes, but no proofs for universality: that various models will behave in some sense the same way.) Strangely, I dont know the answer for a) off-hand. Nice question. – Gil Kalai Dec 26 '09 at 19:34
_USER_. I think you are wrong --- if someone read it and find it not helpful then it is right thing to vote down. (BTW, it was not me) – Anton Petrunin Jan 27 '10 at 19:37
add comment
Gil, as you said, this is one of those typical FPP problems which seems obvious but is hard to prove. What have you tried already? It'd be helpful to know of some naïve attempts which didn't work.
Here are my thoughts:
Claim: There exists non-random $\lambda$ such that, with probability one, for large n, all shortest paths between $0$ and $(n,0)$ meet $\lambda n + o(n)$ edges. (this is a LLN-type theorem so it shouldn't be hard to prove; e.g., via energy-entropy methods, since your passage time distributions are bounded)
Thus one can consider the probability space $\Omega_n$ consisting of all paths between $0$ and $(n,0)$ which meet $\lambda n + o(n)$ edges. A shortest path is a random variable $X_n$ on this space with a certain probability distribution.
Claim: There exists $\sigma$ such that $|\Omega_n| \approx \sigma^n$. (should be easy: $\log|\Omega_n|$ is probably subadditive)
Let $\Omega_n'$ be the subspace of paths which meet the middle edge, so that $|\Omega_n'| \approx \sigma^{n/2} + \sigma^{n/2}$.
Suppose that there exists $p > 0$ such that the shortest path between $0$ and $(n,0)$ meets the middle edge with probability at least $p$. (*)
Here is the part which I'm struggling to quantify. Intuitively, the distribution of $X_n$ should be smeared smoothly over $\Omega_n$. Certainly the mean is a horizontal line segment, but even paths which veer quite far away aren't unreasonable. However, if (*) holds, with probability at least $p$, $X_n$ concentrates on the much smaller subspace $\Omega_n'$. This seems wrong.
Perhaps all I've done is to translate one "obvious" statement into another. Hopefully this helps a bit. Good luck!
share|improve this answer
Tom, Interseting suggestion. I dont remember so much what we tried. At the end we managed to go around this lemma. – Gil Kalai Dec 26 '09 at 19:38
add comment
Gil, thanks for bumping this post. I think I've got a new idea for you, but it's not a proof yet. Let $\gamma_n$ be a minimizing geodesic between $(-n,0)$ and $(n,0)$, and let $\gamma^{\pm}_n$ be a minimizing geodesic betwen $(\pm n, 0)$ and the origin.
Denote by $d(\gamma_n)$ the maximal Euclidean distance from the geodesic $\gamma_n$ to the straight line path between $(-n,0)$ and $(n,0)$, and define $d(\gamma^\pm_n)$ similarly for $\gamma^\pm_n$. By the definition of the transversal fluctuation exponent $\xi$, $d(\gamma^\pm_n)$ scales like $n^\xi$ and $d(\gamma_n)$ scales like $(2n)


How To Clean Headlights With WD-40? – Restoration
Once in a while, your detailing efforts will be disappointed by untidy headlights. You may have already invested a lot to bring out that showroom glamour only for the headlight to appear dull. It is at this point you may start googling things like "how to clean dirty headlights" etc.
If that's why you are here, worry no more; we got you covered. Initially, hazy headlights were unheard of until the invention of modern LED polycarbonate plastic lenses. These are more economical but the chemicals used in their production react to UV rays, heat and moisture.
It is this reaction that results in the foggy appearance of the headlight. Although, not all hazy problems are due to reaction, sometimes, it's due to dust and sand accumulated on the road over time. Therefore, with a proper wash, you can get it back on the right appearance.
Other than messing your vehicle's aesthetic beauty, foggy headlights are dangerous to drive with. In this article, we propose one DIY method that will cost you only a few bucks. Using a WD-40, you can give your headlights that brand new look.
What Makes Your Headlights Yellow/Foggy/Hazy?
There are several major causes of headlights foggy look. These include:
1. Oxidation
Modern headlights are made of materials that react with various environmental elements. Some of the components used include polycarbonate, fiber, halogens. The reaction between these materials and elements such as moisture, UV light and heat, results in oxidation. Since the oxidation process takes part on the front part of the headlight, it makes it yellowish causing the entire part to look foggy.
2. Road debris
Sometimes the fragments and dust accumulating on the headlight can cause foggy. Remember the car isn't made to stay at one place. So, when moving around, it will collect all manner of fragments that scratch and tear the surface of the headlight. For example, during winter, there is a lot of salt along the roads and so you expect it to settle on the car.
3. Chemicals
All the headlights come with a clean headlight top. The cover's durability depends on the kind of chemicals you use on it. The stronger the chemicals you use, the less the cover's lifetime. Products such as WD-40 even though it is a good cleaning substance when excessively used can result in a foggy look. So, if you want to evade the haziness caused by chemicals, avoid too strong brands.
4. Condensation
This is a serious threat to headlight clarity and lifetime. When the bulbs light, they generate heat. To counter this heat and cushion the plastic lenses, manufacturers developed a way to cool the bulb from inside. They created a small opening at the back of the headlight to deliver water inside. Due to the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the headlight, condensation is inevitable. This will definitely cause your headlights to look foggy.
Headlights Cleaner With WD-40 Review
All man-made products have their upsides and downsides. The same applies with WD-40. Theretofore, you need to be aware of the following features, pros and cons as you use it to clean headlights;
Headlights Cleaner WD-40
Features
 - It delivers good results when used on different surfaces. Good examples include tiles, metals, ceramics, wood, aluminum, etc. It leaves a sparkling and shimmering look when used on such surfaces.
 - It can be used as a lubricant for farm equipment such as shovels. Even though it's not a usual lubricant, it does a good job.
 - It protects metals against rusting
 - It's a great cleaning agent. You can use WD-40 to clean the toughest stains on various surfaces. In the case of headlights, WD-40 does a good job.
How To Applying WD-40 To Clean Hazy Headlights?
To clean headlights with WD-40, follow the steps highlighted below;
1. Clean the headlights with water
First things first, before attempting to use WD-40 on the surface of the headlight, you need to ensure it is clean. This is because the particles on the surface can cause more damage. Note that using a simple water hose can give good results.
2. Wipe the headlight with a towel
Once your headlight surface is clean, use a cotton towel to dry it. Besides drying the surface, wiping off helps you remove any stubborn stain that may have remained. If you notice any resistant dirt, you can try using water again to remove it.
3. Scrub the headlights with a Sandpaper
In as much as this step is optional, it is very important if you want to get the best results. You can use any grit but we recommend 600. To see how the sanding spans out, you can start the process from one corner. Proceed to the other end ensuring everything is uniform.
4. Spray the WD-40 on the headlight
Before spraying, you may need to check whether the WD-40 is still active. It has a shelf life of 5 years after which its efficiency drops. So, check whether yours may have expired. If it is okay, go ahead and spray it haphazardly on the headlight surface. Wait for approximately 60 seconds without doing anything.
5. Wipe with a clean towel
This is the point that determines how effective the WD-40 will be. So, make sure the towel you use is sparkling clean. Additionally, if you have sensitive skin that may not be comfortable with this product, you can wear gloves.
Now, wipe the headlights repeatedly turning the towel until it appears maximally clean. A microfiber towel is recommended for this purpose. If the headlight isn't clear with the first wiping, you can repeat this process again and again until you are satisfied. However, you should be careful not to overdo it which can damage it.
Does WD-40 Clean Plastic Headlights?
Yes, through a step-by-step process that involves other tools you can perfectly restore your headlights with a WD-40. We have described this process above starting with washing the headlights with water, wiping, sanding to application.
However, WD-40 should be used cautiously lest you destroy your headlights. When excessively used, it can leak inside the headlight or bulb which can lead to blur or burnout.
To avoid such effects, it's advisable to wash off the WD-40 using an automotive soap once defogged.
Why is WD-40 Not Good For Headlights?
Durability is the biggest downside of WD-40 as a headlight cleaner. Whereas it brings out the perfect clarity on a hazy headlight, the effects can only last at most two days. After that, you have to defog again. Therefore, instead of acting as a restoration product, WD-40 is more of a polishing tool.
However, when used on other surfaces such as tiles, ceramic, aluminum among others, its effect lasts more. That explains the availability of this product in the market as it is required for various purposes.
Home Remedies To Clean Foggy/Hazy Headlights
WD-40 isn't the only available substance you can use on your hazy headlights. There other simple substances that are basically very cheap and easy to initiate. Below, we point out the best two of these;
1. Clean Headlights with Toothpaste
If you want to clean your foggy/hazy headlight using a toothpaste, follow the procedure below;
 - Gather all the required materials: The required materials here include masking tape, water, car wax, soft cloth and toothpaste. Plastic or vinyl gloves are also necessary for people with sensitive skin.
 - Clean with soap and water: Before you start the real process, you need to clean the surface with water and soap. Scrub the surface using a rough piece of cloth and rinse with clean water. After rinsing it, allow it to dry for several minutes.
 - Cover the headlight immediate areas: Using the masking tape, cover all the immediate areas to protect them against unwanted scuffing.
 - Put on gloves: if your skin is sensitive, wear plastic or vinyl gloves. With gloves on, moisten a piece of cloth and add a good quantity of toothpaste to it.
 - Clean the headlights: Using the moistened piece of cloth with toothpaste in it, rub the surface of the headlights in a circular manner. You can add the toothpaste and water every time you feel you need it. Repeat this process for approximately 5 minutes.
 - Wash with clean water: Rinse the surface with clean water and let it dry on its own.
 - Wax: Ensure that the headlights have dried up completely before waxing. Once sure, polish it with car wax to prevent dust accumulation in the future.
2. Clean Headlights with Vinegar and Baking Soda
If you no longer want to cough a few bucks for professional car defogging, this is another awesome DIY method. Some people prefer using each of these items independently whereas others combine. All of them work well and so it's upon you to establish which works best for your headlights. Here, we show you how to use both;
 - Like with the other steps, the first step should be cleaning the headlights with clean water. This helps to reduce the stains you have to deal with.
 - Apply enough quantities of both vinegar and baking powder on the lenses.
 - Scrub the surface continuously repeatedly adding the two as need be. Although, you should bear in mind that not all yellowing can be removed through this method.
 -


Why do they want to change the date of Australia Day?
The move led to the dispossession of Indigenous peoples from the land they had inhabited for thousands of years up to the arrival of the First Fleet. Forty-one per cent of those surveyed believed changing the date of Australia Day would be important in improving the lives of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders.
What day do they want to change Australia Day to?
More than half of 5,000 people surveyed on a youth social media platform want Australia Day changed from 26 January as debate flares again over the national day.
Why should we keep the date of Australia Day?
Saving the date means continuing to celebrate a date that's painful for many people. Changing the date or canceling the date doesn't address the trauma and disadvantage that started at colonisation and still affects Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people today.
Why Australia Day is really held on 26 January and the push to change the date?
Observed annually on 26 January, it marks the 1788 raising of the British flag at Sydney Cove by Arthur Phillip following days of exploration of Port Jackson in New South Wales by the First Fleet.
IT IS INTERESTING: What race was first in Australia?
Has the date of Australia Day ever changed?
The states and territories agreed to celebrate Australia Day in 1988 on 26 January, rather than with a long weekend. Aborigines renamed Australia Day, 'Invasion Day'.
What was the original date of Australia Day?
Australia Day – 30th July
On July 30 in 1915, the first official Australia Day was held, which was actually to raise funds for the World War I effort. Ellen Wharton-Kirke, from Manly NSW, made the suggestion to Premier Sir Charles Wade, reportedly due to the enlistment of her three sons.
Who found Australia?
What is the controversy over Australia Day?
The first fleet of British convicts arrived in Sydney on Jan. 26, 1788, but Aboriginal groups mourn what they call "Invasion Day." Australia's national day is controversial because it is held on a date marking British colonization.
Why did Triple J change the date?
2017–present: Announcement of date change
In 2017, Triple J announced that they would be holding 2018's Hottest 100 on January 27, instead of the traditional date of January 26. Triple J cited "growing dialogue around Indigenous recognition and perspectives on 26 January.
Was Australia Colonised or invaded?
What are the traditions of Australia Day?
Article The Best Aussie Traditions for Australia Day
 - Enjoy a BBQ. The perfect and traditional way to celebrate Australia day is with a barbeque. …
 - Head to a local park. …
 - Wear your Aussie gear. …
 - Cool down at the beach. …
 - Watch the fireworks. …
 - Aussie food. …
 - Throw a street party.
IT IS INTERESTING: You asked: Where can I buy Australian Dream Arthritis Cream?
When was Australia named?
On 12 December 1817, Governor Lachlan Macquarie recommended to the British Colonial Office that the "Australia" be adopted as the name of the continent still being referred to as New Holland. Finally, in 1824, the British Admiralty agreed that the continent should be officially called Australia.
How old is Australia?
Going to Sydney


text:
General Laborer - Construction Job in Mandeville, LA
Location: Mandeville, LA
Job Type: Temp
Job Ref Code: 25-32-4447
Are you a quick learner who's good at performing a variety of tasks? Can you be ready to work at a different worksite from one day to the next? Do you prioritize the safety of your co-workers and yourself? Well if you have any of these skills, interests, and abilities in you, then we'd love to talk to you about a great opportunity as a General Laborer.
The job responsibilities may include the following:
- Manually moving freight, stock, or other materials.
- Cleaning and preparing a job site as well as loading and delivering materials.
- Using a variety of tools and equipment such as blowtorches, forklifts, levels, lifts, power drills, grinders, saws, pressure washers, and water spraying equipment.
- Setting up and taking down ladders, scaffolding, and other temporary structures.
- Helping carpenters, masons, and other specialized contractors.
- Controlling traffic at road construction sites, setting up markers, cones and barricades as well as flagging vehicles to control traffic flow.
- Working outdoors in all kinds of weather or indoors without heating or air conditioning.
- Safety training and certification for handling dangerous substances, like lead, asbestos, and other chemicals.
- Completing on-the-job training programs, working with a mentor, and learning basic job and safety principles.
- Adhering to safety standards and maintaining safe storage areas.
- Ensuring the machines, equipment, and components receive proper cleaning and maintenance.
- Obtaining required technical knowledge to use various tools or computerized machines.
- Carrying or lifting heavy objects as well as squatting, kneeling, bending, or crawling in awkward positions.
You will also need to:
- Have physical strength, hand-eye coordination, endurance, depth perception, and the ability to concentrate on job responsibilities.
- Be continually attentive and mindful of your surroundings to keep yourself and co-workers safe.
- Be able to understand and communicate information. English language is also essential.
- Wear protective equipment/gear as necessary (glove, eye-wear, hard-hat, steel-toes, etc.)
What you may gain while on the job:
- Staying active — This job will keep you busy and constantly moving throughout the day.
- Communication skills — provide information and coordinating with supervisors, co-workers, and external partners to carry out job logistics and daily responsibilities.
- Learning opportunity — a chance to pick up a wide variety of useful skills.
- Teaching & mentoring skills — helping train and prepare new employees for the job.
- Rewarding career — opportunities for advancement to supervisory or management roles.


text:
This tip was originally published in the Developer's Club on the Uniface web site by Leo van den Berge, but it is so useful I just have to repeat it here.
File name entry and ASN file redirections
When a function within IDF requires the name of a file it allows the user to either enter a name manually, or displays a standard filebox which allows the user to browse through the directory structure. However, a filename which is chosen via a filebox is always returned fully qualified (eg:
C:\projects\data\fname.txt) whereas a name entered manually may not be. If the ASN file contains an entry that matches that filename (eg:
*.TXT = TEXT/*.TXT) then this redirection is applied to the fully qualified filename, turning it from a valid name into an invalid one. This can cause hours of confusion as the function within IDF is given a perfectly valid file name, but it refuses to work because it is being redirected to a non-existent folder.
To avoid this confusion any redirection specified in the ASN file should NOT be applied to any fully qualified filename.
Assignments for FilenameSpecification is based on a 3 parts recognition.
general disk + directory specification separated by a colon ':' a slash '/' or a backslash '\'
type or extension separated by a dot (.)
All these parts can be specified separately to allow more flexible assignments. Therefore the problem mentioned here that specs loaded via a filebox are remapped due to assignment can simple avoided by be more specific in the assignment.
this will indeed map all files with the extension "bmp" to directory c:\bitmap but with the following assignments
*\*.bmp *\*.bmp *.bmp c:\bitmap\*.bmp
means that when a (bmp) file has a directory specification it will be mapped to its own, and only when there is no directory specification it will mapped to directory
This was just an example for bitmaps but a more common assignment will be:
[FILES] *\*.* *\*.* ; keep all files with disk/directory spec *.txt c:\text\*.txt ; map following by specific (defaults) *.bmp c:\bitmap\*.bmp ; map etc etc etc
2nd November 2001


Monthly Archives: February 2015
Harmonic Functions
Throughout this course, a connected open subset of $\mathbb{C}$ is called a domain. Suppose that a function $f(z)=u(x,y)+iv(x,y)$ is analytic in a domain $\mathcal{D}$. Then $f(z)$ satisfies the Cauchy-Riemann equations i.e.
\begin{equation}
\label{eq:c-r}
u_x=v_y,\ u_y=-v_x.
\end{equation}
Differentiating the Cauchy-Riemann equations \eqref{eq:c-r} with respect to $x$, we obtain
\begin{equation}
\label{eq:c-r2}
u_{xx}=v_{yx},\ u_{yx}=-v_{xx}.
\end{equation}
Differentiating the Cauchy-Riemann equations \eqref{eq:c-r} with respect to $y$, we obtain
\begin{equation}
\label{eq:c-r3}
u_{xy}=v_{yy},\ u_{yy}=-v_{xy}.
\end{equation}
By the continuity of the partial derivatives of $u(x,y)$ and $v(x,y)$, we have
\begin{equation}
\label{eq:cont}
u_{xy}=u_{yx},\ v_{xy}=v_{yx}.
\end{equation}
Applying \eqref{eq:cont} to \eqref{eq:c-r2} and \eqref{eq:c-r3}, we obtain the Laplace equations:
$$u_{xx}+u_{yy}=0,\ v_{xx}+v_{yy}=0.$$
That is to say, $u(x,y)$ and $v(x,y)$ are harmonic maps in $\mathcal{D}$.
Example. The function $f(z)=e^{-y}\sin x-ie^{-y}\cos x$ is entire (i.e analytic on the complex plane $\mathbb{C}$), so both $e^{-y}\sin x$ and $-e^{-y}\cos x$ are harmonic. (You can of course check it for yourself!)
If two functions $u(x,y)$, $v(x,y)$ are harmonic in a domain $\mathcal{D}$ and their first-order partial derivatives satisfy the Cauchy-Riemann equations \eqref{eq:c-r} throughout $\mathcal{D}$, $v(x,y)$ is said to be a harmonic conjugate of $u(x,y)$.
Theorem. A function $f(z)=u(x,y)+iv(x,y)$ is analytic in a domain $\mathcal{D}$ if and only if $v(x,y)$ is a harmonic conjugate of $u(x,y)$.
Remark. If $v(x,y)$ is a harmonic conjugate of $u(x,y)$ in some domain, it is not in general true that $u$ is a harmonic conjugate of $v$ there.
Example. Let $u(x,y)=x^2-y^2$ and $v(x,y)=2xy$. Since $f(z)=z^2=(x^2-y^2)+i2xy$ is entire, $v(x,y)$ is a harmonic conjugate of $u(x,y)$. However, $u(x,y)$ cannot be a harmonic conjugate of $v(x,y)$ since $2xy+i(x^2-y^2)$ is not analytic anywhere.
Example. [Finding a harmonic conjugate of a harmonic function] Let $u(x,y)=y^3-3x^2y$ and $v(x,y)$ be a harmonic conjugate of $u(x,y)$. Then it follows from the Cauchy-Riemann equations \eqref{eq:c-r} that $v_y=-6xy$. Integrating this with respect to $y$, we obtain
$$v(x,y)=-3xy^2+\phi(x),$$
where $\phi(x)$ is some unknown function. We determine $\phi(x)$ using $u_y=-v_x$:
$$v_x=-3y^2+\phi'(x).$$
Comparing this with $-u_y=-3y^2+3x^2$, we get $\phi'(x)=3x^2$ and so, $\phi(x)=x^3+C$ where $C$ is a constant. Hence, we find a harmonic conjugate of $u(x,y)$:
$$v(x,y)=-3xy^2+x^3+C,$$
where $C$ is a constant. The corresponding analytic function is
$$f(z)=(y^3-3x^2y)+i(-3xy^2+x^3+C),$$
where $C$ is a constant.


Compare the OSGi configurations between AEM environments.
 1. Paste text from /system/console/status-Configurations.txt in each of the text fields.
 2. Click Compare to see the diff.
 3. Similar configuration values are displayed in white, changed config values are displayed in yellow, newly added config values are displayed in aqua, deleted config values are displayed in light red.
** Note that it does a best effort match at diff'ing the OSGi factory configuration instances as the configuration IDs do not match between environments.
Input status-Configurations.txt from the two environments that need comparison
Results of comparision:
Property Name PID Expected Property Value Actual Property Value Status


text:
Cotton harvesting/picking may be accomplish manually or mechanically using cotton picker. A manually operated cotton picker was developed and on-farm performance evaluation was carried out. The cotton picker was compared with the existing manually operated cotton picker, and the traditional method of harvesting cotton on the bases of time input, labour requirement, ground and plant harvest losses. Results indicate that labour requirement for the developed cotton picker; the existing cotton picker and manual cotton picker were 166.17, 173.8 and 93.3 man-hour-ha-1 respectively. With their respective ground harvest losses of 15, 12 and 5% at the branch moisture content of 39.5% wet base and cotton moisture content of 2.8% wet bases. The study also indicates that time input, labour requirement, ground plant harvest losses were statistically significant at 5% level.
Key words: Cotton picker, picking, efficiency, picking losses, manual.
Copyright © 2022 Author(s) retain the copyright of this article.
This article is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0


text:
Long Term Stability Assessment and Monitoring of Flooded Shafts
The main objective of the EU project STAMS is to develop robotic inspection technologies to monitor and assess the stability of flooded shafts over 2 km deep during long periods of time. This objective will be achieved taking periodic and continuous measurements.
For the continuous measures, a sensor network will be installed along the shaft, and a robot for fixing the sensors will be developed. All the changes and measures will be analyzed in real time, and in situ with a software control


text: A recent development in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) research is to equip sensor nodes with an RFID reader so that they can be used to track animate or in-animate RFID tagged objects. A key problem in such networks, however, is the energy efficiency of current RFID anti-collision protocols. Specifically, the energy cost incurred by a RFID reader to read and monitor n tags.This paper, therefore, aims to identify the most energy efficient variant among 12 Pure and Slotted Aloha based RFID anti-collision protocols. We present an analytical methodology that evaluates the energy consumed in the following phases: (i) success, (ii) collision, and (iii) idle listening. We first calculate the delay of each phase and then use it to formulate the energy consumption, battery lifetime, and battery wastage of all variants. We found that the Pure Aloha with fast mode consumes the lowest energy and is suitable for tag identification. However, none of the protocols promises energy efficient monitoring of identified tags. In other words, the reader is required to re-read all tags every time to sense their presence; a process that consumes a significant amount of energy.


text:
Correlation poses a serious threat to many engineered systems because the simultaneous failure of multiple components can dangerously degrade performance. Given the high cost of system failures in business and mission-critical applications, methods to explicitly consider the impact of correlation on system reliability are essential. This paper constructs a stochastic-flow network model to analyze the performance of a computer network, where there exists correlation between the failures of all the physical lines and routers comprising the edges and nodes of the network. That is, we address global-scale events that can cause widespread damage to the performance of the network. We propose a simulation approach to estimate the probability that a given amount of data can be sent from a source to sink through this network. This probability that the network satisfies a specified level of demand is referred to as the system reliability. Experimental results demonstrate that correlation can produce a substantial impact on system reliability. The proposed approach, thus, captures the influence of correlation on system reliability and offers a method to quantify the utility of reducing correlation.
- Correlated failure
- Stochastic-flow network (SFN)
- System reliability


text:
- Section 1: Organizational Units - Administrative
- A. (Administrative) Divisions: Administrative divisions are the broadest groupings of organization on the WNC campus. A vice president, who reports directly to the college president, is the head of each division. There are presently four Divisions: "Academic and Student Affairs," "Finance and Administration," "Human Resources and Legal Services" and "Institutional Advancement." Administrative divisions are usually referred to as "divisions."
- 1. Under the Academic and Student Affairs administrative division, there are additional administrative divisions. They include (but are not limited to) "Student Services" and "Instruction." These are functionally similar to academic divisions in that there is a dean that reports to the Academic and Student Affairs division. Under the Instruction division are academic divisions (see below) instead of administrative departments.
- B. (Administrative) Departments: Administrative Departments are non-academic organizational areas of the college. A director or coordinator heads each department who usually reports to an administrative division or another administrative department. Some departments may report directly to the president instead. Administrative departments are usually referred to as "departments."
- Section 2: Organizational Units - Academic
- A. (Academic) Division: A collection of departments that grant degrees in particular fields.i These are the broadest divisions of academic areas. An Academic Director, who reports to the dean of instruction under the division of Academic and Student Affairs, heads each academic division. There are presently five divisions: "Business & Technology," "Communications & Fine Arts," "Nursing & Allied Health," "Science, Mathematics & Engineering," "Social Science, Education, Humanities & Public Service." Academic divisions may be referred to as "division" when in context of academic areas.
- B. (Academic) Discipline: Academic disciplines are distinct areas of study, branch of instruction, or academic field.ii At WNC, academic disciplines are individual areas of instruction and are directly supervised by the academic divisions (or department if there is a designated department head). There are currently more than 40 academic disciplines on campus, including history, philosophy, music, Italian, etc. Academic disciplines may have an appointed "lead faculty" that oversees the academic discipline. Academic disciplines may be referred to as "discipline." All academic disciplines have a three or four letter designation, such as ACC for accounting, or MUS for music.
- Section 3: Programs, Specializations, and Degrees
- A. Degrees: the award given to graduates based on educational level. The basic levels include associate degree, bachelor's degree, master's degree, and doctorate.iii This is the terminal result of a degree program.
- 1. Programs: An academic title that signifies completion of a [program] of study.iv There are four degrees programs of study that WNC currently offers: Associate of Arts (AA), Associate of Science (AS), Associate of Applied Science (AAS), Associate of General Studies (AGS).
- a. Emphasis: Emphasis refers to individual programs of study within a broader program, such as Associate of Arts, Computer Science Emphasis.
- b. Specializations: Specializations are a specific area or branch of study within a student's [Emphasis]. For example: a student majoring in [Associate of Applied Science in Web Technology] may choose to pursue an emphasis (i.e. option or concentration) in [Web Administration].v Specializations are smaller divisions of emphasis.
- c. Certificate Programs: An award made for satisfactory completion of a certain level of skill in an occupational curriculum.vi
- B. Non-Degree Programs: Non-Degree programs are programs of study that do not end with the award of a degree
- 1. Transfer Programs: Are programs of study similar to a degree program but do not carry a degree. Instead these programs are designed to facilitate transferring of credits to another institution degree program.
- 2. Special Academic Programs: There are various Special Academic Programs. These have neither a degree nor certificate, but usually lead towards a certification or other industry accepted academic standing.
- 3. Certification and Licensing Preparation: Are non-degree programs of study designed to help students take external certification or licensing exams. No degree, certificate or license is awarded
- Section 4: Courses and Sections
- A. Courses: A single instructional subject commonly described by title, number, and credits in the college catalog or bulletin.vii There may be multiple "sections" of a course in any one semester.
- 1. Courses are referred to by their course number. As each course is under a specific academic discipline, the course number starts with the academic disciplines three or four letter designation, followed by a three or four digit to differentiate a specific course. For example, ACC 201 refers to "Financial Accounting," while BUS 101 refers to "Intro to Business."
- B. Classes or Sections: Classes, or Sections, refer to the individual courses being taught and are listed in the schedule of classes.
- 1. Classes are referred to by the course number followed by a one letter and two digit number. The first letter refers to the "location" of the class. For example, C01 would be the first section of a particular course on the Carson campus, D03 would be the third section of a particular course at the Douglas campus, and W02 would be the second section taught on the web.
- 2. Classes are also assigned individual call numbers, which is a five-digit number that starts with the semester it is being offered. For example, a 32005 number would be a fall semester call number while 18635 would be a spring semester call number.
i NSHE Procedures and Guidelines Manual, Section 7, Chapter 6
ii NSHE Procedures and Guidelines Manual, Section 7, Chapter 6
iii NSHE Procedures and Guidelines Manual, Section 7, Chapter 6
iv Western Nevada College Catalog 2006-2007
v NSHE Procedures and Guidelines Manual, Section 7, Chapter 6
vi Western Nevada College Catalog 2006-2007
vii Northwest Association of Schools and Colleges, Accreditation Handbook


a buffer of size (PAGE_SIZE) and passes it to the method. Sysfs will call the method exactly once for each read or write. This forces the following behavior on the method implementations: - On read(2), the show() method should fill the entire buffer. Recall that an attribute should only be exporting one value, or an array of similar values, so this shouldn't be that expensive. This allows userspace to do partial reads and forward seeks arbitrarily over the entire file at will. If userspace seeks back to zero or does a pread(2) with an offset of '0' the show() method will be called again, rearmed, to fill the buffer. - On write(2), sysfs expects the entire buffer to be passed during the first write. Sysfs then passes the entire buffer to the store() method. A terminating null is added after the data on stores. This makes functions like sysfs_streq() safe to use. When writing sysfs files, userspace processes should first read the entire file, modify the values it wishes to change, then write the entire buffer back. Attribute method implementations should operate on an identical buffer when reading and writing values. Other notes: - Writing causes the show() method to be rearmed regardless of current file position. - The buffer will always be PAGE_SIZE bytes in length. On i386, this is 4096. - show() methods should return the number of bytes printed into the buffer. - show() should only use sysfs_emit() or sysfs_emit_at() when formatting the value to be returned to user space. - store() should return the number of bytes used from the buffer. If the entire buffer has been used, just return the count argument. - show() or store() can always return errors. If a bad value comes through, be sure to return an error. - The object passed to the methods will be pinned in memory via sysfs referencing counting its embedded object. However, the physical entity (e.g. device) the object represents may not be present. Be sure to have a way to check this, if necessary. A very simple (and naive) implementation of a device attribute is:: static ssize_t show_name(struct device *dev, struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf) { return scnprintf(buf, PAGE_SIZE, "%s\n", dev->name); } static ssize_t store_name(struct device *dev, struct device_attribute *attr, const char *buf, size_t count) { snprintf(dev->name, sizeof(dev->name), "%.*s", (int)min(count, sizeof(dev->name) - 1), buf); return count; } static DEVICE_ATTR(name, S_IRUGO, show_name, store_name); (Note that the real implementation doesn't allow userspace to set the name for a device.) Top Level Directory Layout ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ The sysfs directory arrangement exposes the relationship of kernel data structures. The top level sysfs directory looks like:: block/ bus/ class/ dev/ devices/ firmware/ net/ fs/ devices/ contains a filesystem representation of the device tree. It maps directly to the internal kernel device tree, which is a hierarchy of struct device. bus/ contains flat directory layout of the various bus types in the kernel. Each bus's directory contains two subdirectories:: devices/ drivers/ devices/ contains symlinks for each device discovered in the system that point to the device's directory under root/. drivers/ contains a directory for each device driver that is loaded for devices on that particular bus (this assumes that drivers do not span multiple bus types). fs/ contains a directory for some filesystems. Currently each filesystem wanting to export attributes must create its own hierarchy below fs/ (see ./fuse.txt for an example). dev/ contains two directories char/ and block/. Inside these two directories there are symlinks named :. These symlinks point to the sysfs directory for the given device. /sys/dev provides a quick way to lookup the sysfs interface for a device from the result of a stat(2) operation. More information can driver-model specific features can be found in Documentation/driver-api/driver-model/. TODO: Finish this section. Current Interfaces ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ The following interface layers currently exist in sysfs: devices (include/linux/device.h) -------------------------------- Structure:: struct device_attribute { struct attribute attr; ssize_t (*show)(struct device *dev, struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf); ssize_t (*store)(struct device *dev, struct device_attribute *attr, const char *buf, size_t count); }; Declaring:: DEVICE_ATTR(_name, _mode, _show, _store); Creation/Removal:: int device_create_file(struct device *dev, const struct device_attribute * attr); void device_remove_file(struct device *dev, const struct device_attribute * attr); bus drivers (include/linux/device.h) ------------------------------------ Structure:: struct bus_attribute { struct attribute attr; ssize_t (*show)(struct bus_type *, char * buf); ssize_t (*store)(struct bus_type *, const char * buf, size_t count); }; Declaring:: static BUS_ATTR_RW(name); static BUS_ATTR_RO(name); static BUS_ATTR_WO(name); Creation/Removal:: int bus_create_file(struct bus_type *, struct bus_attribute *); void bus_remove_file(struct bus_type *, struct bus_attribute *); device drivers (include/linux/device.h) --------------------------------------- Structure:: struct driver_attribute { struct attribute attr; ssize_t (*show)(struct device_driver *, char * buf); ssize_t (*store)(struct device_driver *, const char * buf, size_t count); }; Declaring:: DRIVER_ATTR_RO(_name) DRIVER_ATTR_RW(_name) Creation/Removal:: int driver_create_file(struct device_driver *, const struct driver_attribute *); void driver_remove_file(struct device_driver *, const struct driver_attribute *); Documentation ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ The sysfs directory structure and the attributes in each directory define an ABI between the kernel and user space. As for any ABI, it is important that this ABI is stable and properly documented. All new sysfs attributes must be documented in Documentation/ABI. See also Documentation/ABI/README for more information.


text:
Specifies how a user starts cell editing in the DataGridView control.
Assembly: System.Windows.Forms (in System.Windows.Forms.dll)
|Editing begins when the cell receives focus. This mode is useful when pressing the TAB key to enter values across a row, or when pressing the ENTER key to enter values down a column.|
|Editing begins when any alphanumeric key is pressed while the cell has focus.|
|Editing begins when any alphanumeric key or F2 is pressed while the cell has focus.|
|Editing begins when F2 is pressed while the cell has focus. This mode places the selection point at the end of the cell contents.|
|Editing begins only when the BeginEdit method is called.|
The following code example illustrates the use of this type. For more information, see How to: Specify the Edit Mode for the Windows Forms DataGridView Control.


text:
In the last MVC post we looked at Filter Providers but didn't really describe what filters were. Filters are special classes which can execute some functionality at certain points during each MVC request. Historically most filters have been attributes that you can apply to an action method or a controller class (not all as Controllers can also act as filters). Before talking about filters it's worth looking at how a request in MVC is handled.
At the lowest level, all web applications behave the same way:
- A browser (or some other client) issues an HTTP request to your application
- Your application performs some processing based on the incoming request
- The application sends an HTTP response back to the client (this can be HTML, XML, JSon or even just a simple status code)
In an ASP.NET MVC application the incoming request is mapped to a method (called an Action) on a class (called the Controller). Once the controller has been created and the correct action method selected it is the job of the Action Invoker to run the method (action), retrieve its return value (result) and send something sensible back to the client. Along the way the action invoker allows filters to get involved at specific points in the process (and possibly alter it). There are 4 types of filter:
- Authorization filters are executed up front and may prevent the action method from being executed at all if they decide that the user is "not authorized" (implements
- Action filters are executed both before and after the action method is executed. (implements
- Once the action method returns a result it is executed. A Result filter can run code both before and after this happens (implements
- If something goes wrong at any time during the process any Exception filters will be run (implements
I'll describe each of the filter types in future posts. Each filter is represented in MVC 3 as an object of the
Filter class. This class contains 3 properties. The first (called
Instance) holds an object that can implement any combination of the 4 filter interfaces defined above (it can even implement none of them but then your filter will never actually execute). The other two properties (
Scope) relate to the order in which filters are run.
Filters are run in a very specific order. Filters are sorted first by their ascending
Order value. If two filters have the same
Order value then they are sorted by their
Scope value in the following order:
As an example here is the forwards order of a few filters:
- Order = –1, Scope = First
- Order = –1, Scope = Global
- Order = –1, Scope = Last
- Order = 0, Scope = Controller
- Order = 0, Scope = Action
- Order = 1, Scope = First
Note that Action Filters and Result Filters are actually run twice (once before and once after the thing they are filtering). When these filters are running before the action/result to which they apply they are run in forward order. When they are running after the action/result to which they apply they are run in the reverse order. You can think of it like this:
The default filter providers will create filters with the following orders and scopes:
ControllerInstanceFilterProvider– Exposes the controller as a filter with an order of
Int32.MinValueand a Scope of First. This means that the controller will always be the first filter
FilterAttributeFilterProvider– Finds filter attributes (inherits from
FilterAttribute) on the controller and on the action method and exposes them using the Controller and Action scope accordingly. The Order value is derived from a property on the attribute itself (
FilterAttribute.Order) and defaults to –1. In fact, if you try to set a filter attributes order to less than –1 it will throw an
GlobalActionFilterProvider– provides filters in the Global scope and again derives the order from the filter you provide (which defaults to –1). Unlike the
FilterAttribute.Orderproperty you can set a value less than –1.
Finally, filters can specify whether or not they will allow multiple instances by setting the property
IMvcFilter.AllowMutliple (filters derived from
FilterAttribute will provide this value based on any supplied
AttributeUsage attribute they have). If filters allow multiples then each instance of the filter that applies will be run for a given action/result. If a filter does not allow multiples then only one filter of the specified type will be executed. The one which is kept is the one with the highest Order and Scope (i.e the one which would normally be executed last).
Filters are a great feature of MVC that allow you to create a very orthogonal design for your application. Although the initial implementation of filters put a lot of code inside of attributes I don't recommend doing that in MVC 3. Iinstead you should create marker attributes and use
FilterProviders to apply your filter implementation classes where they're needed. In the coming posts I'll look at each of the different types of filters (Authorization, Action, Result and Exception) along with some examples of each from the MVC 3 framework. I'll also discuss the circumstances under which you might like to create your own filters and how you'd go about doing so.
One last thing, there are a few attributes that ship in the framework and get applied to action methods but are not Filters. It's easy to get these mixed up so I'll list some here.
NonActionAttribute are examples of Action Method Selectors and
ActionNameAttribute is an Action Name Selector. Both of these types of attributes get involved in the MVC pipeline before the Action Invoker executes so they are not filters.
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Friday, March 25, 2011
Being a Potter, the term "potter's field," as used in "they buried him in the potter's field," always intrigued me. What was, what is, a potter's field? Are there still some today?
Found the term in Matthew 27:7. After betraying Jesus, Judas gave the 30 pieces of silver back to the priests to buy a "potters field to bury strangers in." is that the first use of the term? And why there? Did the potters toss their broken pottery pieces onto this "worthless" field and so it was available for a burying ground?
Webster's says: "a burial ground for paupers or unknown persons."
Anybody have any answers or ideas to share?
1 comment:


text:
NATIONAL RECONNAISSANCE OFFICE / SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY NATIONAL RECONNAISSANCE OFFICE / SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY
Moscow, USSR. Hexagon satellite mapping camera image of Moscow, the capital city of the USSR. Hexagon was a series of US photoreconnaissance satellites launched between 1971 and 1986 that collected intelligence on the USSR and their allies. Mapping cameras were carried on those launched from 1973 onwards. Capsules containing film were ejected from the satellite and sent back to earth for collection. Image obtained on the 6th April 1979.
Model release not required. Property release not required.


text:
Publisher All in! Games revealed their newest game, Ghostrunner, a hardcore cyberpunk adventure developed by One More Level. Become a cyber-warrior and experience dynamic fights on PC, Xbox One and PS4. Watch the trailer:
A cataclysm has wiped out most of humanity and destroyed the environment. Now, when resources are scarce, the survivors live in a tower built by long-forgotten hands. But the structure is torn by violence, poverty, and chaos. A person's worth depends on the category of implants they have, defining their whole lives. It's no surprise that a rebellion starts.
You are a cyber-warrior, a living weapon, the only one capable of fighting both in the physical world and in cyberspace. Lost and hunted, thrown into the middle of the conflict, you must use this bond with technology to ascend the tower.
- Ascend the tower – use the environment to your advantage and face fast and determined enemies.
- Act fast – armed with a melee weapon, get to the enemies before they have a chance to shoot.
- You are a cyber-warrior – fight both in the physical world and in cyberspace.
- Choose your own strategy – use your special abilities to avoid bullets and eliminate enemies: the dynamic movement system turns combat into a true dance of death.
- Trial and error – you die from one hit, so learn the levels by heart and adapt.


text:
- Service: SmartBall - Gas Leak Detection
- Client: TransCanada Pipelines
- Project Date: 2010
- Type of Pipeline: Natural Gas
- Diameter: 16-inch
- Pipe Material: Steel
- Length: 68.9 KM
- Flow Rate: 3 meters/second
Pure Technologies completed a demonstration inspection of a portion of the Grande Prairie Mainline gas transmission pipeline for TransCanada Pipelines. The inspection was conducted as a trial of the capabilities of the SmartBall leak detection tool in gas pipelines. Highly sensitive leak detection capabilities have already been field proven in liquid hydrocarbons pipelines, though few inspections have been conducted in gas lines to date.
The Grande Prairie mainline is a 16-inch natural gas transmission pipeline. The SmartBall inspection covered the distance between the Elmworth compressor station through to the Gold Creek metering station, spanning a distance of some 68.9KM of pipeline.
he 10-inch SmartBall core was placed inside a 14-inch open-cell foam overshell to conduct the inspection. Flow velocities were higher than typical SmartBall inspections at just under 3 meters per second. Standard pig tracking crews and equipment were used to track the tool throughout the inspection.
A generously sized simulated leak was created at a valve location approximately 30KM into the inspection, to test the SmartBall's leak detection ability in a gaseous environment.