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The term appreciation when used in the context of investing usually refers to an increase in the value of a particular asset. In the case of diamond jewelry, appreciation occurs when the value of a piece increases over time due to several different factors, such as supply and demand, inflation, and scarcity. Investing in diamond jewelry can make a great financial decision because diamonds tend to hold their value over long periods of time and can even appreciate in certain conditions.
Factors Affecting Appreciation – Reasons Why Diamonds Increase or Decrease in Value
Diamonds naturally appreciate or depreciate depending on a variety of factors. Supply and demand is one big factor when determining the worth of diamonds. When there's too much abundance, prices decrease. Similarly, if there's not enough availability for high quality stones then prices tend to be higher. Variables like technology advancements, geopolitics, and fashion trends can also affect gemstone prices. Scarcity is another major factor impacting diamonds' appreciation; rare gems are usually more expensive than those that are more common. Likewise, new discoveries or mines opening up will affect how much diamonds cost. Additionally, inflation plays an important role too; as the dollar weakens in purchasing power due to currency-wide inflation rates going up, so does the cost for certain items like gold and diamond jewelry rise in tandem with it.
Types of Diamond Jewelry Appreciation
Diamond jewelry can appreciate in value, meaning that over time the same piece of jewelry will be worth more. This appreciation is driven by a variety of factors such as rarity, demand, and inflation. Rarity: Diamonds are rare gemstones, as natural diamonds are formed deep below the earth's surface, making them less common than other gemstones like sapphire or rubies. Demand: As the worldwide market for diamond jewelry grows, so does the demand for diamonds and prices tend to increase proportionally. Inflation: When prices rise due to an increase in general prices across all services and goods due to the lack of purchasing power of currency then diamonds often experience similar increases in value. Appreciation Over Time: As mentioned above, factors like rarity and demand usually cause significant appreciation over time because more people will compete for a given limited supply—driving up prices. Therefore, with proper care and maintenance, diamond jewelry can even become more valuable with time.
Factors that Affect Diamond Jewelry Appreciation
Market Factors: As with most investments, diamond jewelry appreciates or depreciates in value depending on the current market. If prices are rising and demand is high, then you can expect to see your diamond jewelry's value increase. However, if prices are low in the market and demand is low, the value of your jewelry may drop correspondingly.
Cultural Influences: Diamond jewelry is steeped in symbolism and has long been associated with love and marriage, making it a desired and highly sought after item for many cultures around the world. This can have a direct effect on its appreciation potential. For example, some traditional Indian wedding sets featuring diamonds tend to show very strong appreciation potential due to their cultural significance.
Supply & Demand: The law of supply and demand states that if there is an increase in demand, but no corresponding increase in supply, then the price will rise – this applies just as much to diamonds as it does to oil or other commodities. Certain diamond shapes such as round brilliants often become more valuable when they become rarer; if a large period of time elapses between two similar stones offering identical specifications being made available to the market.
Rarity : A diamond's rarity directly impacts its appreciation potential. If a piece of natural rough contains certain characteristics such as clarity or size that make it rarer than other pieces of its type; these factors greatly contribute to a higher appraisal value when compared against more common stones with similar characteristics.
Quality: Ultimately though, quality is the most important factor impacting diamond jewelry appreciation potential; no matter what shape takes preference at any given time. It stands to reason that larger diamonds with better cut-grades will always be worth more than those rated lower than them on both counts – so investing in high-quality diamonds is always something sound advice for anyone looking for sustained investment returns from their purchase over time!
Care and Maintenance to Increase Appreciation
Diamond jewelry can appreciate and gain value over time. While the appreciation of diamonds can vary and is usually less than other forms of investments, caring for a diamond piece will help increase its value. Some of the best ways to ensure long-term appreciation are proper cleaning, storing, insurance, and repairs, as needed.
Cleaning jewelry frequently keeps your diamond pieces looking sparkly and attractive. Getting your jewelry professionally cleaned on a regular basis not only increases the visual appeal but also helps retain any existing stones or enhance their longevity.
Storing precious gems properly can also help preserve their quality. Storing in an airtight box filled with velvet-lined compartments can protect from everyday dust that may otherwise dull a jewels sparkle. It's best to store each piece separately so that larger pieces don't scratch smaller ones. Keeping away from exposure to heat and cold temperatures is critical too since extreme temperatures can damage the integrity and weaken metals used in settings or mountings.
Jewelry Insurance is something to consider so that you are protected if you lose a stone or if something happens to the piece itself such as damage or theft. Insurance companies offer policies which provide coverage for up to several times an item's appraised value depending on the policy you choose. Knowing that your jewelry is insured provides added peace of mind while ensuring that your beloved pieces remain appreciated and valuable should something unexpected arise.
Finally, making sure any necessary repairs are done quickly by a qualified professional jeweler keeps everything in working order and maintains protection against damage due to daily wear & tear or exposure to elements like water, heat or cold temperatures etc In some cases, these repairs may even restore a diamond's original sparkle! Taking care of any small issues right away before they become bigger problems makes for much more cost effective resolution down the line should anything happen at all — it's just good preventative upkeep here!
Appreciable Diamond Jewelry Assets
Yes, diamond jewelry does appreciate. However, it depends on several factors such as the quality and size of diamonds, the metal used to make the jewelry, market trends and demand for particular colors of diamonds and metals. Many people view diamond jewelry as an appreciable asset because investing in it can be more profitable than keeping money in a bank account. There are several key pieces that should be held for investment purposes, such as rings and necklaces featuring larger diamonds or highly-prized settings. For those looking to maximize their return, they should research cut types (princess cut vs round), color grading (D-F) and clarity scales (IF-SI3), all of which will play a large factor in determining the value of a piece of diamond jewelry. Additionally, exploring different avenues of selling – such as private buyers or auctions – could result in higher returns for those selling diamond jewelry.
Strategies for Investing in Diamond Jewelry
Yes, diamond jewelry can appreciate in value over time as long as it is of good quality. The key to realizing a return on investment (ROI) is to purchase jewelry that meets the standards for investment grade items. These are commonly classified as prime gems and limited editions or rare antique diamond pieces. To meet these criteria a piece must have superior craftsmanship, high clarity, excellent cut and color rating, certificate from the Gemological Institute America (GIA), and an origin free of conflict diamonds. Additionally, the buyer should research current market conditions to place an appropriate price tag at the initial purchase. With these factors in consideration one can acquire an asset expected to appreciate in value over time.
When selling diamond jewelry it's important to be knowledgeable about its provenance so that its value can be accurately assessed. An appraisal evaluation is often necessary which should be conducted by a GIA-certified gemologist prior to listing the item for sale. Delivering accurate counterfeit assessments with up-to-date diamond grading reports will help maximize any appreciation potential when it goes into the marketplace and help make sure your piece is not discounted due to suspicious grading or false information about its origins. Furthermore, buyers should also do their own research into current prices for similar jewelry pieces when selling their item within the same region or far away from home; there tends to be regional pricing differences even when working within the same country or international markets. To meet these criteria one must be sure to identify reliable trades providing accurate information on resale prices plus certifications detailing gemstone identity and origin details – all this combined will ensure maximum ROI potential over time if properly managed asset. Taking these steps should ensure your diamond jewelry asset portfolio is adequately protected against depreciation while maintaining critical provenance details needed for authenticity results required on any high-end luxury item transaction before making such investments with either cash or financing alternatives available online today.
Investing in Secondhand Diamond Jewelry
One of the most appealing factors in investing in secondhand diamond jewelry is that, because diamonds are durable and last for a long period of time, the pieces may appreciate in value over the years. As with any investment, there is a chance that some diamonds may depreciate; but it's likely that the piece will be worth more after it has been purchased than did when bought. Additionally, while diamonds tend to stay relatively consistent, they have seen incredible appreciation over time—with prices on some rare colors and sizes rising substantially due to their rarity. Because of this, buying a used diamond piece can not only provide cost-savings today but could potentially prove to be a great investment if you choose to resell it later. Furthermore, many diamond dealers offer certificates of authenticity which are essentially warranties of quality and value assuring the customer that their purchase corresponds to the stated price. These certificates also help buyers maintain their investments for future resale by attesting to genuine craftsmanship and increasing marketability.
Investing in diamond jewelry can be a smart way to increase the value of your assets, as diamonds generally appreciate over time. However, there


CPL
Updated: 04/26/2017 by Computer Hope
CPL may refer to any of the following:
CPL in white lettering on pink background.
1. Short for Combined Programming Language, CPL is a programming language developed in the early 1960s by the University of Cambridge and the University of London. Later this programming language was replaced with BCPL.
2. The .cpl is a computer file extension for the Windows Control Panel icons. For example, entering sysdm.cpl from the Windows Run box opens the System Properties window.
BCPL, Computer abbreviations, Programming language, Programming terms


Pill Identifier App
Medical Term:
state-dependent learning
Definition: learning during a specific state of sleep or wakefulness, or during a chemically altered state, where retrieval of learned information (as measured by performance of a learned response) cannot be demonstrated unless the subject is restored to the state that originally existed during learning.


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Soil Food and Health Internship 2013
Food Forest focus
Did you get what you came for?
After reading about forest gardens prior to embarking on my internship here at Koanga, I had a lot of theory and much less practical experience.
This forest garden internship has met my expectations in more ways than I thought. Although, I still had to spend time in the food and seed gardens for part of the week, there was heaps of practical application and time spent immersed in the forest garden and nursery. Within the 10 weeks, both theory and practical application enriched my understanding of the forest garden design process, especially pertaining to how to meet the nutritional needs of plants and trees within such a system without using chemical fertilizer applications, but using, essentially, companion planting instead.
After learning about how to find heritage seeds and trees, how to propagate by cuttings, get them to root and then grow the cuttings in starter beds, how to store scion wood, root stocks, tree guilds, forest mimicry, grafting, transplanting, nicking, budding, pruning and fertilizing (with minerals) I could grow just about anything I set my heart to!
The forest garden internship definitely provided me with a solid foundation to either take on an already existing project or establish my own project from scratch!
Thank you for all of the valuable information and experiences!
– Cody Kerr

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


f Pouring Water and Weighing Puzzles
Pouring water I
Water Puzzle
Pouring water II
Given three bowls: 8, 5 and 3 liters capacity, divide 8 liters in half (4 + 4 liters) with the minimum number of water transfers. Note that the 8-liter bowl is initially filled with 8 liters of water and the other two bowls are empty - that is all water you have.
Pouring water III
Given three bowls: 7, 4 and 3 liters capacity. Only the 7-liter is full. Pouring the water the fewest number of times, make the quantities of 2, 2, and 3 liters.
Pouring water IV
How can you measure 6 liters of water using only 4 and 9-liter bowls?
Pouring water V
Water Glasses
Measure exactly 2 liters of water if you have:
1. 4 and 5-liter glass
2. 4 and 3-liter glass
Pouring water VI
Given three bowls: bowl A (8 liters capacity) filled with 5 liters of water; bowl B (5 liters capacity) filled with 3 liters of water; and bowl C (3 liters capacity) filled with 2 liters of water.
Can you measure exactly 1 liter, by transferring the water only 2 times?
Weighing I
Digital Scale
You have 10 bags with 1000 coins each. In one of the bags, all coins are forgeries. A true coin weighs 1 gram; each counterfeit coin weighs 1.1 gram.
If you have an accurate scale, which you can use only once, how can you identify the bag with the forgeries? And what if you didn't know how many bags contained counterfeit coins?
Weighing II
A genuine gummy drop bear has a mass of 10 grams, while an imitation gummy drop bear has a mass of 9 grams. Spike has 7 cartons of gummy drop bears, 4 of which contain real gummy drop bears and the others - imitation.
Using a scale only once and the minimum number of gummy drop bears, how can Spike determine which cartons contain real gummy drop bears?
Weighing III
This puzzle goes a step further from the previous one.
You have eight bags, each of them containing 48 coins. Five of those bags contain only true coins, the rest of them contain fake coins. A fake coin weighs 1 gram less than a real coin. You have an accurate scale, with the precision of up to 1 gram.
Weighing only once and using the minimum number of coins, how can you find the bags containing the fake coins?
Weighing IV
Unbalanced Scale
Weighing V
On a Christmas tree there were two blue, two red, and two white balls. All seemed same. However, in each color pair, one ball was heavier. All three lighter balls weighed the same, just like all three heavier balls.
Using a balance scale twice, identify the lighter balls.
Weighing VI
There are 9 similar balls. Eight of them weigh the same and the ninth is a bit heavier.
How would you identify the heavier ball if you could use a two-pan balance scale only twice?
Weighing VII
Given 27 table tennis balls, one is heavier than the others.
What is the minimum number of weighings (using a two-pan balance scale) needed to guarantee identifying the heavy one? Of course, the other 26 balls weigh the same.
Weighing VIII
Suppose that the objects to be weighed may range from 1 to 121 pounds at 1-pound intervals: 1, 2, 3,..., 119, 120 and 121. After placing one such weight on either of two weighing pans of a pair of scales, one or more precalibrated weights are then placed in either or both pans until a balance is achieved, thus determining the weight of the object.
If the relative positions of the lever, fulcrum, and pans may not be changed, and if one may not add to the initial set of precalibrated weights, what is the minimum number of such weights that would be sufficient to bring into balance any of the 121 possible objects?
Hourglass I
Sandglass Sandglass
Having 2 sandglasses: one 7-minute and the second one 4-minute, how can you correctly time 9 minutes?
Hourglass II
A teacher of mathematics used an unconventional method to measure a 15-minute time limit for a test. He just used 7 and 11-minutehourglasses. During the whole time he turned sandglasses only 3 times (turning both hourglasses at once count as one flip).
Explain how the teacher measured 15 minutes.
Burning Fuses
Your job is to measure 45 minutes, if you have only two cords and matches to light the cords.
 1. The two cords are twisted from various materials and so their different segments can burn at different rates.
 2. Each cord burns from end to end in exactly one hour.
Check out more Math Brain Teasers >>


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The old ways are the best—reviving traditional knowledge in West Asia
01 July 2011 | News story
An ancient conservation practice born in the Arabian desert more than 1,500 years ago is now being revived in the battle-scarred greenery of Lebanon to help meet the complex challenges of a modern economy.
The pre-Islamic system of environmental protection known as 'hima'—Arabic for protected area—means that the local population rather than a distant authority decides how to manage ecosystems and how to reap their benefits.
Himas are areas set aside seasonally to allow regeneration of renewable natural resources and secure their sustainable use by the people living next to them. But time and political changes have led to their near disappearance. Now, led by IUCN Member the Society for the Protection of Nature in Lebanon, a region-wide effort is underway to revitalize himas and other such effective conservation traditions.
The tradition of Hima spoke a language that the conservation community, after many years of research and field experimentation, has finally arrived at today. For hundreds of years it promoted equitable sharing of resources, social inclusion, sustainable use and management of scarce resources, rights and ethics. It is testimony to the wisdom that the people of Arabia showed in managing their harsh and resource-scare environment.
A few years ago, IUCN's Office for West Asia (ROWA) and its partners organised a workshop on the revival of Hima in the 21st century. The workshop prepared a roadmap to advance Hima through developing the knowledge, policies and implementation of this concept. The workshop produced a publication titled Al-Hima: A way of life in English, French and Arabic which is being used to spread knowledge and awareness.
Last year in Jordan, IUCN ROWA organized a follow up meeting on Hima to try to further revive the traditional knowledge that has been used to manage protected areas and to update the Hima publication.
The Jordan Ministry of Environment and IUCN are supporting environmental organisations and other partners in efforts to conserve the rich biodiversity that is still present in Jordan, but that is under severe pressure. IUCN has submitted a proposal to the ministry that seeks to strengthen local capacity to protect and manage biodiversity-rich areas outside the formal government-designated protected areas.
For more information contact:
Rania Faouri, Communications Officer Regional Office for West Asia (ROWA)

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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A reader writes:
First, I very much enjoy your blog. I hope you can keep at it for long time. Now, my question concerns what is the proper way to dispose of religious objects such worn out bibles, tarnished or worn crucifixes, old prayer cards, broken rosaries, religious pamphlets, etc.? Some of my coworkers and I had a discussion today about what to do with them. One person couldn't bring himself to dispose of them in the trash out of respect. Another felt that broken or worn items could be thrown out without any guilt. Can you help us out? We all want to do the right thing.
The disposition of this type of religious object is not something that is regulated by canon law. Consequently, there is not a canonical "right answer" here.
Catholic doctrine also does not treat the subject in any detail, and thus there is no doctrinal "right answer" beyond the general axiom that a religious object should be treated with the reverence that is due it. The question is: How much reverence is that?
It is difficult to give a definite answer, but there are certain levels of reverence that would clearly be wrong. For example:
1) So little reverence that we commit actual sacrilege with the items (e.g., using them as part of a Black Mass)
2) So much reverence that we can never get rid of them and have to squirrel them away when they can no longer be used.
The correct answer falls somewhere between these two extremes, and it is likely to vary from one object to another. Indeed, a pious custom of many Catholics is to distinguish between those objects that have been blessed and those that have not. This appears to be a useful division in that in the case of blessed objects, the Church has in at least a minor way consecrated the item to sacred use, while in the latter case it has not. It thus would make sense to show more reverence in the disposition of a blessed object than an unblessed one.
Correspondingly, a common pious custom is to dispose of blessed objects by either burning them (if they are flammable) or burying them (if they are not). In the former case, the object is destroyed, thus removing its blessing, and the ashes (or other remains) can simply be thrown away.
In the case of objects that were never blessed (or that have been destroyed, removing their blessing), this custom holds that they can simply be thrown away like any other non-blessed object.
As indicated, this is a pious custom and not a matter of law or doctrine, so individual consciences may vary without there being sin. If one person feels comfortable disposing of a religious object in a way that happens to be different than my preferred way of doing it, I would not on that account tell him he's doing anything wrong. If the Church wanted to mandate ways of doing this, it would.
The key thing is not the physical manner of disposing of these objects but the fact that one is doing so with a right heart. If one "reverently throws away" something then his heart is displaying reverence, which is the important thing. What physical act is used to express this reverence is not what is at issue--be it burning or burial or even if there is no outward act but simply a grateful recognition of the role God has allowed the object to play in one's religious life.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Case study: Map'n Track Friends
One of the applications created is called "Map'n Track Friends" which is a location-based service application that allows users to share their location trajectory authorized persons. Figure 4 shows a person lets his two friends know his location. One of the advantages of PLASH platform is able to support different types of mobile devices without changing of application logic or server software. Server software of Map'n Track Friends simply uses authorization control services (e.g., register, login or logout, change and lookup password, or sent notification to users) provided in Service Layer to authenticate users. In Map'n Track Friends, users are able to store their trip (i.e., a set of location points) information, share their current trip information with friends, or browse and track they friends' trip information.


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- This event has passed.
Connecticut Science Center, Adult Coffee Club
March 15 @ 10:00 am - 11:30 am EDT
ADULT COFFEE CLUB
HISTORY OF FLIGHT – PART III: RACE TO SPACE
PRESENTED BY: Professor Hamish Lutris – Associate Professor, History/Political Science at Capital Community College
Once flight was achieved, the world's eyes turned almost at once to space. This talk centers on flight, space travel, and the race to put a human into space. It will examine ancient and modern sources to document humanity's age-old desire to reach the sky and beyond. The process by which humans achieved heavier-than-air, helicopter, jet, and space flight will be flight, then jet, and then rocket travel will be discussed. The talk will conclude with the Mercury program, which put the first Americans in space.
$28 – Early Bird Bundle* (all 4 sessions)
$32 – 4 Session Bundle**
$10 – Individual Session Price
$6/pp – Individual Session Group Rate (6 or more people)
*Must purchase before January 20. **Must purchase before February 15.
Each ticket includes a lecture and light refreshments. An additional ticket to explore the Science Center after the lecture can be purchased at each event for $10/pp. Attendees are responsible for a flat-rate parking fee of $5 to park in the Science Center garage.
GROUP TICKETS (6+ Attendees): Are available by calling _PHONE_ or emailing [email protected]


Question: What Is The Pick 6 In Horse Racing?
How do you play Pick 6 horse racing?
With a Pick 6 bet, you win if you correctly select the winners of six consecutive horse races. Many tracks are now doing this wager in a Jackpot Pick Six format: unless there is one single ticket with the winning horses, a portion of the pool is paid out but the majority carries over to the next day.
How is Pick 6 payout calculated?
To figure the cost of the Pick Six, multiply the number of horses in each race. This will be the total if the Pick Six at this track is a $1 wager. Multiply your total times two if the Pick Six is a $2 wager.
What is place 6 in horse racing?
What is the Place 6? The Place 6 is a racing betting pool which challenges you to select one or more horses to place across six races on a nominated meeting.
How does Pick 6 mandatory payout work?
What is a mandatory pick 6 payout? On a mandatory pick 6 payout day, the bet must payoff, this means if there are no actually winners of the pick 6, then the closest ticket holder wins or shares the prize pool.
You might be interested: FAQ: How Does A Horse Say Hello?
What happens if your horse scratches in a Pick 6?
Because all pick 6 wagers must be made before the first of the six races, there are many times when a horse is scratched from a race well after the wager is placed. In other cases, the track may declare combinations involving the scratched horse to have "no action," and the wager is refunded.
Why do they call it a pick 6?
Interceptions are frustrating for the offense because the ball is intended for a player on their team. After an interception, the defensive player that caught the ball has an opportunity to run it back for a touchdown. Anytime an interception is returned for a touchdown, it's called a pick six.
How much is a $10 trifecta box?
Your choices for third position, in order of preference, are horses 1, 5, 6. Rather than box five horses at the cost of $60 you could play the following. $10 Trifecta part wheel 2,4 WITH 2,4 WITH 1 = 2 $10 combinations = $20.
What is a Rainbow Pick 6?
The Rainbow Six is a Pick Six with a twist. Just like in the Pick Six, you must pick the winner of six consecutive races that are usually the hardest races to handicap on a given day at one track. However, unlike the standard Pick Six, the Rainbow Six only pays out when there is one winning ticket.
What is a Pick 6?
Pick 6 may refer to: Pick 6 (horse racing), a wager in which a bettor picks one horse in each of six races. Pick 6 (American football), an interception returned for a touchdown.
You might be interested: Readers ask: What Horse Feed Has No Sugar Content?
Is Placepot a good bet?
It is not only the payouts that make the Placepot a great bet. If you're looking to enjoy a day of racing, the Placepot can keep you entertained all afternoon. Tote Placepot provides a betting interest in the first six races on a card and for a small stake, you can land a share of big Placepot fund dividends.
What is a Quadpot Sky bet?
A Tote Quadpot bet can be accepted daily at every British race meeting. It consists of selecting a placed horse in the 4 Tote Quadpot races at your selected meeting. Bets are accepted up to the third race and dividends are declared after the last Tote Quadpot race. Place terms are determined by the Tote.
What is a Quadpot?
A Quadpot is a bet of 4 horses. These selections are in races 3-6 at a race meeting. To win on this bet you need your selection to win or be placed (places are determined by the size of the field) The Quadpot is available to bet on from 9am every day.
What does a Pick 6 carryover mean?
A carryover is when no wins occur at the end of a race on a particular wager type – for example, a Pick 4, Pick 5 or Pick 6. The carryover continues from race to race until a lucky winner or winners collect the prize pool, which can reach millions of dollars.
What happens if your horse scratches in a Pick 4?
If a horse is scratched, all Win/Place/Show wagers placed via the racing interface will be refunded. On Daily Doubles, Pick 3 and Pick 4 wagers, a scratch will result in an automatic refund of the combination including the scratched horse.
You might be interested: Who Ownes The Horse On Two Broke Girls?
What's one more than a trifecta?
The superfecta is a type of wager in USA and Canada parimutuel betting in which the bettor, in order to win, must pick the first four finishers of a race in the correct sequence.
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text:
Sing Old Rose
Sing Old Rose and burn the bellows. "Old Rose" was the title of a song now unknown; thus, Izaak Walton (_PHONE_) says, "Let's sing Old Rose." Burn the bellows is said to be a schoolboy's perversion of burn libellos. At breaking-up time the boys might say, "Let's sing Old Rose [a popular song], and burn our schoolbooks" (libellos). This does not accord with the words of the well-known catch, which evidently means "throw aside all implements of work."
Now we're met like jovial fellows, Let us do as wise men tell us, Sing Old Rose and burn the bellows.
Source: Dictionary of Phrase and Fable, E. Cobham Brewer, 1894


Table Of Contents
Routing a Synchronization Clock Along a Trigger Line
Last Modified: September 15, 2017
You can route full-speed or divided synchronization clocks through trigger lines using NI-Sync. With this technique, you can export a DDS clock using a PFI line and send full-speed or divided clocks along routes that are not accessible when you use clock terminals alone.
Setting and Dividing a Synchronization Clock
 1. Place Connect Trigger Terminals on the diagram.
 2. Wire a constant or control to source terminal and destination terminal.
 3. Select Synchronization Clock (Divided 2) for source terminal. This divides the synchronization clock by the value you set in the Clock Divisor 2 property of niSync Properties and uses the result as the source for this trigger. You can also select Synchronization Clock (Divided 1) or Synchronization Clock (Full Speed).
 4. Select a destination terminal for Connect Trigger Terminals:
 Routing a clock signal through a PXI_Trig line is not recommended. due to poor clock signal integrity caused by the topology of the PXI_Trig lines. Use PXI_Star, PXIe_DStar, or PFI lines instead.
 - Select a PXI_Star line to route the specified clock through the backplane trigger lines of the chassis.
 - Select a front panel terminal (PFI, PFI_LVDS) to route the specified clock through the front zone of the chassis to another PXI chassis, a physically connected module in the same chassis, or an external device.
 - Select PXIe_DStarB to route the specified clock from a system timing module to a peripheral slot.
 - Select PXIe_DStarC to route the specified clock from a peripheral slot to a system timing module.
 5. Place Disconnect Trigger Terminals on the diagram to free the trigger lines for other applications.
 6. Place Close on the diagram to end the NI-Sync session. The synchronization clock you set using niSync Properties is routed to a different location in the chassis using a trigger line.
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عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]چکیده [English]
This paper provides a modelfor assessing the innovation and governmental corporation maturity in the industrial clusters. Implementing the methods of cluster development needsto assessthis process of maturity.For this reason, policymakers and planners need researches in this area to access to this higher process.This study was carried out by using thequalitative methods,a case study strategy, and performing semi-structured interviews with 16 experts of textile industry and clusters. Findings,takethe innovation and governmental corporation maturity of textile clusters in the Yazd Province into the account in a qualitative way and show that theseclusters is in the second stage of maturity (managed).


can have a same projective closure. For example, look at $P^1(C)$, then $C$ is an affine open subset, and $C-{0}$ is also an affine open subset. But in any case, if two affine varieties have a same projective closure, they are birational.
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More than 25 companies operate commercial vessels in the Great Lakes-Seaway System. The largest Great Lakes freighters are massive and can carry more than 70,000 tons of cargo in a single voyage. Stood on end, these ships would be as tall as a 100 story building. Ships offer the most efficient means of transporting large quantities of cargo. For example, the largest Great Lakes vessels can transport the same amount of cargo as 700 rail cars or 2,800 trucks.
Lakers / Salties
- Lake Vessels
Most Great Lakes-Seaway commercial cargo ships are specially designed and constructed for use in the system. Known as "lakers," these vessels carry bulk cargo and have a unique configuration that enable them to fit through our navigation locks and operate under the weather and fresh-water hydrologic conditions in the Great Lakes.
- Ocean-going Vessels
The waterway is also served by ocean-going vessels designed to operate not only in the Great Lakes, but also in the harsh conditions of the world's salt-water oceans. For this reason, these vessels are known as "salties." Most salties are multipurpose in their design, able to carry bulk cargo, break bulk cargo and project cargo.
The Great Lakes-Seaway system is served by three distinct vessel operator communities:
- U.S.-flag operators are those companies whose vessels are documented under the laws of the United States. Generally these carriers operate between U.S. ports within the Great Lakes.
- Canadian-flag operators are those companies whose vessels are documented under Canadian law. These carriers generally operate between lower St. Lawrence River ports and Great Lakes ports, carrying both domestic and bi-national commerce.
- Foreign-flag operators are those carriers whose vessels are documented under the laws of a country other than the United States or Canada. These vessels operate between system ports and overseas destinations.


標題: Self-integrating knowledge-based brain tumor diagnostic system
作者: Wang, CH
Hong, TP
Tseng, SS
資訊工程學系
Department of Computer Science
公開日期: 1996
摘要: In this paper we present a self-integrating knowledge-based expert system for brain tumor diagnosis. The system we propose comprises knowledge building, knowledge inference and knowledge refinement. During knowledge building, an automatic knowledge-integration process, based on Darwin's theory of natural selection, integrates knowledge derived from knowledge-acquisition tools and machine-learning methods to construct an initial knowledge base, thus eliminating a major bottleneck in developing a brain tumor diagnostic system. During the knowledge inference process, art inference engine exploits rules in the knowledge base to help diagnosticians determine brain tumor etiologies according to computer tomography pictures. And, a simple knowledge refinement method is proposed to modify the existing knowledge base during inference, which dramatically improves the accuracy of the derived rules. The performance of the brain tumor diagnostic system has been evaluated on actual brain tumor cases. Copyright (C) 1996 Elsevier Science Ltd
URI: _URL_
_URL_
ISSN: 0957-4174
DOI: 10.1016/S0957-4174(96)00050-4
期刊: EXPERT SYSTEMS WITH APPLICATIONS
Volume: 11
Issue: 3
起始頁: 351
結束頁: 360
顯示於類別：期刊論文
文件中的檔案：
 1. A1996VV58800010.pdf


How Deep Should A Pond Be For Koi Fish?
Koi have to be one of the most popular, if not THE most popular species of fish we keep outdoors. A fact that is pretty unsurprising really when you consider their majestic size, bright colors, and absolute confidence around humans. They make fabulous pets that can live for up to 30 years and really make themselves part of the family.
A koi pond should be at least 3-4 feet deep to protect your fish from freezing through winter. This will also to ensure you have enough water volume to cope with all the waste that Koi produce. A minimum of 1000 Gallons in total is a minimum water volume you'll need to keep koi carp.
The chances are that if you are considering keeping Koi you'll need to start from scratch in your preparation for owning them. This includes building them a pond! Few homes, come with a pond already in the garden, and even if there is one, it may not be suitable for Koi. You see, Koi ponds have some specific requirements which the most important of is depth.
koi fish
How Deep Should A Pond Be For Koi?
Koi, when fully grown, are an incredibly large species that can reach up to 24 inches (60 cm) in size. This is easily forgotten when you view or purchase the 3 to 4-inch specimens at your local aquatic store. That means that often pond size and depth for this aquatic giant is underestimated. This can lead to future problems (which we'll cover shortly) with their care.
It is recommended that a Koi pond should be at least 4 feet deep (1.2 meters) with the mantra being 'the deeper the better'. It should also cover an area of at least 8 by 6 foot and hold 1000 gallons of water minimum.
As a rough guide for this size pond, you could house 4 to 5 fully grown Koi. This is based upon using the 10 gallons of water per inch of Koi fish rule. Don't forget though please, to calculate the pond size based on fully grown Koi.
Here is a good pond calculator for you to use.
It would be remiss not to mention at some point, like now, that it is entirely feasible to have a Koi pond that is shallower than four feet. However, this is only the case if you purchase Koi at around 3 to 4 inches in size, and are prepared to give them up when they outgrow the space.
Nonetheless, this is a hot topic for debate as many of the 'given up Koi' end up spending their lives in aquatic stores never finding a new home. A moral and ethical dilemma which we will leave you to decide upon.
garden pond
A stunning koi pond over 4 feet deep
Why Does A Koi Pond Need To Be So Deep?
As already mentioned, briefly, not providing your Koi with a pond that is deep enough will lead to problems in their care and welfare. This is for a number of reasons as follows:
1. Koi are very active
Koi are an active fish that need a lot of space to swim around in. This includes being able to move up and down the water column in order to build up muscle and maintain their streamlined shape. Koi kept in shallow ponds tend to become obese and end up with a rugby ball shaping.
2. Avoid rapid water temperature changes
As cold-water fish whose body temperature matches that of the water they live in, Koi thrive in temperatures between 18 to 25 °C (64 to 77 °F). They are also, perhaps surprisingly, for fish that live in outdoor environments relatively sensitive to temperature fluctuation.
Rapid or sudden change can lead to physical stress. This can result in disease and possibly even death which is certainly something you do not want. By providing depth, and hence more water volume, you can avoid rapid temperature changes. This is because larger water volumes will cool or heat up with far less speed than smaller ones.
3. Deep ponds insulate them from the cold
Sticking with the same theme of temperature, a shallow pond can be incredibly detrimental to your Koi's health and welfare in winter. This is because although they are a cold-blooded species that can withstand lower temperatures, down to 10 °C (50 °F), they will not fare well below this.
In this regard, a deep pond helps, as Koi spend most of their time during winter at the bottom where the deepwater insulates them from the air temperature.
Plus, whilst Koi can tolerate the lower temperatures of winter, they cannot survive being frozen. So, as 6 inches or more depth in your pond can freeze during this time it is not hard to see that in winter the mantra ' the deeper the better' fits even more!
frozen koi pond
Never allow a koi pond to freeze over completely
Are There Any Other Benefits To Having A Deep Koi Pond?
One of the simplest, but most valuable, in many cases, benefits of having a deep pond is that you can achieve the large water capacity Koi require in a relatively small space. Most gardens, after all, will be spacious enough to host a pond with an 8 feet by 6 footprint and a 4 feet depth.
Good water quality is also easier to maintain in a deeper, hence larger water volume, pond. This is due to unwanted chemicals such as ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate building slower and is easier to control in larger water volumes.
This is especially helpful for those ponds that contain Koi or Goldfish as they are 'dirty fish' that produce a lot of waste.
Finally, but certainly not least in importance, regarding pond depth is the prevention of predators feasting on your beloved Koi. Deep water gives them somewhere to escape and retreat to where birds such as Heron won't be able to reach.
This is particularly relevant in winter when your Koi will be hibernating, sluggish, and easier to catch.
heron eating a fish
Deeper ponds protect your koi from predators like Herons
What Are The Best Options For Building And Creating A Deep Koi Pond?
When it comes to building the ideal Koi pond, there are four main possibilities that will achieve your end goal. These range from the 'easy to install' to the 'it's going to take some work' and also relatively cheap to expensive.
1. A Prefabricated Mould
Made from plastic or fiberglass, prefabricated molds are potentially the most expensive option when it comes to building a pond. However, they are also comparatively one of the easiest to install too. They simply require a hole digging that matches the shape of your mold and 'hey presto' you have a pond.
Prefabricated ponds are also great if you want a pond that has different depths and shelves for plants. Some plants need to be close to the water's surface.
However, many prefabricated moulds are not suitable for Koi ponds as they do not have the required depth and you may need to shop around to find one. The biggest prefabricated one we could find was only 500 Gallons. Far too small for adult koi.
2. A Pond Liner
One of the most cost-efficient options when it comes to building a pond is the pond liner. A pond liner can be made from butyl or vinyl. They are perfect for the Koi pond enthusiast as they can be moulded to any depth hole you choose.
They will, however, need a little more effort than the moulded option would. However, the reward of any shaped pond, as deep as you want, is certainly worth the extra effort.
How Deep Should A Pond Be For Koi Fish? 1
How Deep Should A Pond Be For Koi Fish? 2
3. A Concrete Pond
Absolutely the most expensive of all the options, the concrete pond will definitely require some hard graft to build. However, on the flip side of the coin, they are, for many, the only option too.
They are strong, leakproof, and incredibly long-lasting with added benefits for your Koi that are hard to resist. Carbonate produced in the concrete and grout buffers pH swings in your pond's water.
Concrete ponds also have the added bonus of being able to be any shape, size, and depth you fancy. If you can dig the hole and concrete it, you can have it as a Koi pond. You will need to take care, however, that you do not create any sharp edges or leave the concrete too rough. Sharp and rough areas can injure your Koi.
4. A Children's Pool
There is some debate over whether the use of children's pools as ponds is feasible. Some say that they are a fantastic, inexpensive, and easy to install way of having a Koi pond in your garden. Others state that they are not cost-saving as they are not strong enough and will need replacing after a short while.
Whilst it would be fair to say that both sides of this debate make good points, it would also be apt to add, that the children's pool has a couple of, possibly, major advantages.
Firstly, you can pack up and move this pond fairly easily should you need to. Secondly, it does not require any digging up of your garden. A children's pool will sit, without being intrusive, in any level part of your garden.
Do I Need Any Special Equipment For A Koi Pond?
Technically, no as all ponds being outside


How do i call an 800 number from mexico
How do I call an 800 number from my cell phone in Mexico?
Calling a 800 number from Mexico To successfully dial this number, you need to change the 800 prefix of the number. Instead, dial 001 then 880 and then the rest of the phone number. For example: if the US toll free number is 800 -_PHONE_, a caller in Mexico would dial : 001-_PHONE_.
Can I call an 800 number from outside the US?
Re: Dialing an 800 number from outside the USA. In general you cannot call 800 numbers from outside the U.S. or Canada. They are intended for domestic calls that will be paid for by the receiver of the call. Dial 882 for an 877 number and dial 883 for all 866 numbers.
How do I call a 1800 number from abroad?
Like all international 800 numbers, you can call 1800 numbers from overseas by dialing that country's international dialing prefix before the number. For example, to call an Australian 1800 number from overseas, you must first dial +61.
How do I call a US phone number from Mexico?
Regardless of why you want to call home, you can call a U.S. landline or cellphone number from Mexico by first dialing Mexico's exit code"00," followed by the U.S. country code "1," and then the destination number. For example, if calling West Los Angeles (area code 310) from Mexico, you would dial "00-_PHONE_."
How do I dial a number in Mexico?
How do I call a cell phone in Mexico?
Calling to/from Mexican cell phones Calling a Mexican cell phone from overseas: Dial Mexico's country code (+52) then the area code, and then the number. Do not include the '1' after the +52, as was required before August 3, 2019.
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How do you call an 800 number?
How can I call a toll free number? Toll free numbers are called the same way you would any other number. Just be sure to dial "1" followed by the correct toll free prefix ( 800, 833, 844, 855, 866, 877, or 888).
How do I call an 800 number from Spain?
Another way to dial North American toll free numbers from abroad is by replacing the 3 digit toll free codes with other codes introduced years ago: 880 replaces 800 – so the example UK to US call above would become: 00 _PHONE_. 881 replaces 888 – again, the example US to Canada call above would be: _PHONE_.
What area code is 800 in USA?
With toll free numbers the charges are paid for by the party who is called instead of the caller. Although area code 800 is not assigned to a geographical area or time zone, calls to any toll free number may be restricted by the customer. Other toll free area codes are 833, 844, 855, 866, 877, and 888.
How do I call an Indian 1800 number from UK?
How to call an India toll free number from the USA First, dial the US exit code 011. Then, dial the Indian country code 91. Next, dial the 3-digit toll-free number. Usually it is 800. Finally, dial the rest of the telephone number to be connected.
How do I call a 1800 number from Globe?
Toll-free 1800 numbers are for domestic calls only. For domestic calls to a 1800 number from a mobile device or landline, you must dial 1800xxxxxxx (where xxxxxx is your number 1800 ). Incoming calls to toll-free 1800 numbers are charged. Incoming calls to all other Zadarma phone numbers are free.
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How do 1800 numbers work?
Toll free numbers are telephone numbers with distinct three-digit codes that can be dialed from landlines with no charge to the person placing the call. Such numbers allow callers to reach businesses and individuals out of the area without being charged a long-distance fee for the call.
How do I call a toll free 855 number from Mexico?
Okay, in case anyone is interested, if you must call a 1- 855 US number from Mexico, dial : 001-884 and the number.
What do Mexico phone numbers look like?
Below is an example of what a Mexican phone number looks like if you were to call it from various countries: If you're calling +52 55 _PHONE_ from the US or Canada, you would dial 011 52 55 _PHONE_. If you're calling +52 55 _PHONE_ from the UK or Europe, you would dial 00 52 55 _PHONE_.
How do you call Texas from Mexico?
To call a Houston landline or mobile phone number from Mexico, follow this dialing procedure. Dial Mexico int'l access code / IDD: 00. Dial US country code: + 1. Dial a 10-digit Houston phone number. Mexico


text: This photograph forms part of an archive which belonged to Isabella T. McNair. Born in Kilmarnock, McNair gained an MA in English from the University of Edinburgh before moving to British India in 1917 to teach at Women?s Christian College in Madras. In 1928 she was appointed Principal of Kinnaird College for Women in Lahore. McNair followed in the footsteps of a wave of British missionary women who began arriving in India during the late nineteenth century. A gentle woman, she was noted for her deliberate manner and soft voice, even when disciplining her students. She promoted religious tolerance, allowing Muslim girls who transferred to Kinnaird in the 1930s to fast during Ramadan. After Partition many refugee students were comforted by the warmth of her welcome after the displacement and in some cases violence they had experienced.


Name of this class
This setting has no function, it's purpose is simply to remind you what this class is defining.
Type of users
There are two types of user, real and anonymous. Essentially, if the user logs in with the username 'anonymous', they are in the anonymous class of user and will only be members of a class with Anonymous ticked. If the user logs in with a genuine username and password, they are considered to be a'real' user.
Specific users in this class
This lets you refine a class to specific users, e.g. "bob,fred" or even wild cards, "*jones", or lists of users including the 'not' character, e.g. all users except bob "*,!bob"
IP Addresses of connecting users
Again, this refines who is a member of this class. The user's IP address must match this parameter (if the parameter is not blank). You can use lists and wild cards and the not character, e.g. "1.2.3.*". In this second example, all users in the 1.2.3 network are allowed to connect, with the exception of the user with the ip address, "1.2.3.*,!"
Directory Aliases
You can allow your FTP users to have access to multiple directories plus their home directory. Perhaps used to provide access to certain common files, or to allow one class of users access to a special set of files in a directory.
You do this by specifying an "alias directory" the user would see this as an additional directory, and if they change into that directory, they can access the files in real path associated with that alias.
 Alias Path
 / ~
 /files c:\installers
If user Bob logs in he will see the files in his home directory "/" and a directory listed as "files".
If you do provide access to other areas in the file system like this, make sure that there are appropiate files protection rules in place, either in the operating system, or configured in SurgeFTP
Define home and alias directories accessible for this class of user
This table lets you define the translation between virtual paths and real disk paths. Each path can also have it's own read/write rules. Often you will give anonymous users write access to only one directory, and read access to other areas.
When defining aliases for a real user there are two common methods. One is to define the users root as their home directory:
 Alias Path
 / ~
This limits each user to access only their own files unless you add another alias to point to some common area, etc. The normal UNIX FTP servers behavior can be emulated with a primary alias like this:
 Alias Path
 ~ ~
 / /
This is translated for a user bob to this:
 Alias Path
 /home/bob /home/bob
 / /
which lets the user move to any directory on the system (assuming they have access to those files as a user).
One last useful option, if your users all have their directories under the /home tree, is to limit ftp users to that part of the file system like this:
 Alias Path
 ~ ~
 /home /home
The result being that bob gets /home/bob as their initial path, and they can move between any directory below the /home tree, and thus read other users' files (assuming the files are not protected from reading by the operating system).
As a final example, if you only want to allow a user to see their own files, but to see directory specifications of the entire path, use a single alias like this:
 Alias Path
 ~ ~
Limit: All directory names and file paths are limited to 200 characters. If this limitation is ever a real problem please let us know.
SSL Encryption
SSL Encryption, if available on this platform and can be set to disable, allow or require. There is also a global setting for this parameter, which must be set in order for the class specific setting to have any meaning. For more details on SSL see this web page.
Max bytes per second
This setting limits the speed at which data can be downloaded from the server. This is commonly used to prevent all of your bandwidth from being used by a single or a few customers downloading huge files. The daily limit below is often more useful as it prevents abuse but doesn't slow everyone down in the process.
Daily download limit per IP address
This limits each user (or unique IP address) to a certain number of megabytes of downloads per day. This is ideal for preventing abuse. Often a single user will mistakenly download every file from your server, or repeatedly download the same file all day long, and this could cost you real money. This limit stops such abuse (intentional or accidental) without stopping your real users/customers.
Idle connection timeout
After the specified number of minutes, the server will terminate an idle link to recover lost resources and prevent dead links from using up all your spare channels. However, many other FTP servers have this idle limit set so low it is simply annoying.
Max concurrent users connected
This limit applies to all users in this virtual domain, and is good for limiting the total resource that can be used by this domain. This also prevents some denial of service attacks.
Files that cannot be retrieved
This is a 'paranoid' safety mechanism. It is possible to accidentally give read access to a directory containing a password file or some other'secret' information. As a precaution you can list the names of such files here, and, even if the user can download other files from the same directory, the server will prevent them from fetching these secret files. Typically on unix this should be set to ".netrc,password"
Files that cannot be stored locally (uploaded)
This is a 'paranoid' safety mechanism. It can prevent users from uploading files of specific types.
Root path for users (~ translation uses this)
In the aliases for this domain you can use ~ to indicate the home directory of the user that has logged in. So if the root path for users is /home, the alias specified ~/upload, and the current logged in user is 'bob', the resulting path would be /home/bob/upload
Hashing of users home directory
This setting lets you access existing hashed directories, or lets you specify a hashing method for an optimised directory structure. The setting is a string, combinations of these three characters "f", "o" and "/".
Use "f" for the first letter of the users name.
Use "o" for the next letter of the users name (if there is a next letter).
Use "/" for a directory separator.
The string used, is converted and inserted after the "Root path for users" and before the users name. This setting only works when the Root path for users (above) is set.
 Root path for users "d:\ftphome\"
 hashing string "f/o"
 user "bob" logs into path d:\ftphome\b\o\bob
 user "blackadder" logs into path d:\ftphome\b\l\blackadder
 Root path for users "m:\home\"
 hashing string "fo"
 user "bob" logs into path m:\home\bo\bob
 user "blackadder" logs into path m:\ome\bl\blackadder
Limit connections per ip (1-n)
This limits the concurrent users per IP address connected to the server. This is useful to prevent abuse from FTP clients that open multiple connections to get more than their share of bandwidth to your system. Often this stems from people using speed throttling FTP servers instead of limiting the MB downloads per day as you can do with this server. If your server really is heavily used, this setting allows you to prevent this kind of sneaky abuse/cheating.
Passive mode IP Address (use when inside NAT fire wall)
When using an FTP server through a NAT fire wall, this setting allows you to tell the server to give the NAT gateways 'IP' address instead of its own to users connecting from outside. This is done by creating a class that only external users use. You will also need to specify a passive IP port, and map those ports from the NAT firewall into the FTP server ports.
Passive mode starting IP port number (use when inside NAT fire wall)
When the FTP server wants to listen on a port, it will start at this number and increment the port until it finds a free port. You should map this same range of ports from the NAT gateway into the FTP server. Typically, a range of 50-100 will be sufficient, roughly how many concurrent users you expect.
Impersonate users when accessing files
This is an NT specific setting. This setting has 'odd' effects regarding mapping of network drives, etc. Usually on NT it is best turned off.
Allow 'FTP PROXY' 3 way transfers
If enabled, this allows an FTP client to transfer files between two FTP servers. This can be very efficient and quite neat. However, it can also be a security problem as it allows a hacker to send files from your system to someone elses system. This can make it very difficult to track down the hacker.
Also, this is very rarely used in the real world. More commonly, when this is attempted it is actually caused by a mis-configured NAT TCPIP router, and the user will simply not get the file they are requesting. By disabling this feature, the user gets a clear error message telling them to use passive mode to transfer files.
Hide real directory information
Some people believe that


Primer for SPTA Officers
By Lisa Grossman, JD, PhD, ABPP, & David White, MPA, CAE
The purpose of this primer is to identify five basic key responsibilities and five of the most significant skill sets necessary to make effective leaders for each officer position in state, provincial and territorial associations. Division 31 sent out a survey to executive directors of SPTAs asking that they be filled out by current association officers and returned to Division 31. What follows are the results of this survey. Division 31 would like to thank all those SPTA leaders who took the time to fill out the survey. Division 31 would also like to express its appreciation to Dr. Jeff Barnett and Dr. Margy Heldring for their helpful suggestions in making this primer possible.
Of the surveys returned, almost half of the responses stated that there were no specific job descriptions for any particular officer position. And, if a job description existed, several people noted that the description was either vague or too general to be helpful.
Based on these survey results, Division 31 recommends the following approaches that would benefit psychological association leadership. Each SPTA may wish to:
 1. Develop a detailed position description for the positions noted;
 2. Use the survey results for guidance and add their own components that are relevant to the needs and demands of the position in their particular SPTA;
 3. Create timelines for each position that specifies tasks that require periodic completion, and deadlines for each task completion;
 4. Create a guidebook for each position that can be added to by each person serving in that position when they are leaving, so that emerging lessons can lead to the delineation of tips that the next person can deploy;
 5. Create brief training manuals and procedures for all officers and committee chairs;
 6. Ensure that all leadership members know parliamentary procedure, each SPTA can use the Abridged Guidelines for Parliamentary Procedure (PDF, 101KB) written by Dr. Jeff Barnett.
 7. Charge each leader to prepare the pipeline by thinking of who will be replacing them and serving in their roles in years to come. Officers need to always be actively working on bringing in, mentoring and nurturing new leaders. Officers need to keep this in mind when making committee and task force appointments;
 8. Prompt each leader to serve as an ambassador of their association and always be working to bring in new members.
Survey Results
Key Responsibilities
 1. Review bank statements and expenditures
 2. Develop budget
 3. Report to board and membership
 4. Keep accurate records
 5. Develop polices to ensure financial health of the organization and work with the board to develop a budget that addresses strategic priorities
Helpful Knowledge/Skills
 1. Helpful to know how to use a spreadsheet on a computer
 2. Experience with budgets and accounting
 3. Knowledge of the operations of your psychological association
 4. Overall fiscal knowledge of business practices
 5. Organizational skills
Key Responsibilities
 1. Take minutes of all meetings including Executive Committee, board meetings, annual membership meetings
 2. Prepare minutes by condensing information into a concise, readable format
 3. Distribute minutes in a timely fashion
 4. Attend all meetings
 5. Focus and listen attentively at all meetings for threads from earlier meetings that may require revisiting
Helpful Knowledge/Skills
 1. Skill at gathering and defining detail into accurate summary statements rather than just writing down pages of discussions.
 2. Knowledge of the operations and organization of the psychological association.
 3. Adequate written language skills
 4. Ability to organize, focus, listen and write quickly
 5. Fundamental understanding of parliamentary procedures
Past President
Key Responsibilities
 1. Coordinate award nominations and presentations
 2. Support the president's agenda
 3. Continue special projects began in presidency
 4. Communicate with membership, Executive Director and leaders
 5. Provide continuity for board meetings/agenda by remembering prior detail
Helpful Knowledge/Skills
 1. Ability to foster, respect and tolerate diversity of opinions
 2. Attendance at APA State Leadership Conference as President-Elect and President
 3. Willingness to assist with several leadership projects as the majority of the membership will not be active
 4. Assertion of direction and education based upon knowledge amassed at various APA and SPTA leadership events
 5. Skill at developing knowledge of the membership needs, issues facing psychology in the SPTA and accessing greater community connections
Key Responsibilities
 1. Provide leadership to guide the association towards it goals and missions
 2. Preside over all board and Executive Committee meetings and acting as official spokesperson for the association
 3. Implement presidential initiatives and agenda
 4. Make committee and task force appointments and help coordinate their work
 5. Help increase membership and encourage current members to become more active in association affairs
Helpful Knowledge/Skills
 1. Developed knowledge of the operations of the association: its history, culture, personnel issues, financial issues
 2. Engagement with the current issues in psychology, politically and professionally
 3. Organizational, management, interpersonal, communication abilities that permit tracking multiple issues/projects simultaneously
 4. Promotion of team rather than micromanaged work
 5. Mediation of conflicting views and consensus building skills
Key Responsibilities
 1. Serve in the absence of the president
 2. Work closely with the president on his/her agenda and association issues
 3. Participate actively in all association business and activities
 4. Develop focus, agenda and priorities for presidential year
 5. Attend APA State Leadership Conference
Helpful Knowledge/Skills
 1. Developed knowledge of the operations of the association, how it is organized, how it functions and how to work with the various staff and officers
 2. Knowledgeable about the political process at the SPTA level as well as the state licensing board
 3. Good interpersonal and communicative skills
 4. Developed vision for the future of psychology
Board Member
Key Responsibilities
 1. Participate in board governance concerning the association
 2. Chair and/or serve on committees or task forces
 3. Attend board meetings
 4. Engage in consistent communication with association members and officers
 5. Volunteer to work on projects of interest and follow-up with further initiatives based upon project results
Helpful Knowledge/Skills
 1. Good leadership and brainstorming skills
 2. Basic management knowledge
 3. High level of energy and commitment
 4. Knowledge of business, marketing or recruiting skills
 5. Interest and enthusiasm
APA Council of Representatives
Key Responsibilities
 1. Attend SPTA Board meetings, vote on issues, assist in the formulation and implementation of policy for the operation of the SPTA
 2. Attend APA council meetings and inform the association membership of relevant APA issues, events and activities by distributing APA reports at the association board meetings, publishing special reports in the association newsletter and communicating with the President and other association Board members about SPTA initiatives that emerge from other SPTAs
 3. Encourage interest and participation of SPTA members in APA issues and governance. Refer members to appropriate APA offices and members
 4. Serve as liaison between the SPTA and APA
 5. Write columns for the SPTA newsletter
Helpful Knowledge/Skills
 1. Previous attendance at APA State Leadership Conference to gain an understanding of how APA and the association can work together effectively
 2. Being able to see the big picture
 3. Some knowledge of parliamentary procedure
 4. Ability to understand system dynamics
 5. Knowledge of national psychological issues on the political and professional level
Several SPTA officers have agreed to serve as mentors for future SPTA Officers. If you would like to contact a mentor, please contact Andy Benjamin.


text:
A drawing or solid model software package may have the capability to save airfoil coordinate data in an x, y, z coordinate system.
After selection of a file, AeroFoil will scale the data to a maximum x/c of 1.0 and rotate it into the x/y plane. The data must begin at the airfoil trailing edge, continue along the surface, and terminate at the trailing edge. It may have a maximum of 250 coordinate points. The file may not contain any non-numeric values.
After the data file has been read it will be shown graphically on the main display and the coordinate points will be shown in the tabular grid. The data is displayed in a grid table with limited editing capability. Use the mouse and/or arrow keys to navigate in the table. The selected coordinate pair will be denoted on the airfoil by a red circle. It is NOT possible to create a data file using this table.


What are the Different Types of Gauze Sponges?
Article Details
 - Written By: Nychole Price
 - Edited By: Bronwyn Harris
 - Last Modified Date: 26 February 2017
 - Copyright Protected:
 2003-2017
 Conjecture Corporation
 - Print this Article
Gauze sponges are used in wound care for absorbing body fluids and providing protection from dirt and bacteria. There are several types of gauze sponges to choose from, including ABD pads, non-adhering dressing, gauze fluff rolls, self-adhering foam, and 2 x 2 inch (5.08 x 5.08 cm) and 4 x 4 inch (10.16 x 10.16 cm) gauze sponges. The type you choose is dependent upon the size and location of the wound.
ABD pads are used for treating and protecting large wounds. This type of sponge has three layers, including a non-woven facing, cotton filler and hydrophobic backing, to prevent body fluids from striking through. Due to the large array of sizes available, this dressing can be used for applying first aid to wounds located on any part of the body.
Non-adhering dressing is most often used for treating patients with first and second degree burns, grafts, venous and pressure ulcers, abrasions, nail extractions, lacerations and surgical incisions. This type of gauze is treated with a petrolatum emulsion to protect the skin from tearing when the dressing is changed or removed. The cotton inner layer absorbs drainage, which helps to keep the wound dry. Non-adhering dressing can be cut to the size of the wound without fraying at the edges, making it perfect for applying first aid to wounds of all sizes.
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Gauze fluff rolls are used in basic wound care. They are made of woven gauze that is fluff dried, giving it a crinkle weave pattern. This design provides extra bulk to cushion and protect the wound. This dressing is distributed on a roll, allowing it to be wrapped securely around wounds located on limbs. These are most often used for securing bandages to wounds, providing extra absorbency and protection from bacteria.
Self-adhering foams are gauze sponges that are used to distribute a person's body weight and prevent breakdown of the skin around the wound. They are often places in casts and splints, as they self adhere to the equipment. Self-adhering foam can't be applied directly to the skin, as it causes irritation, but it can be used over dressing.
The 2 x 2 inch (5.08 x 5.08 cm) and 4 x 4 inch (10.16 x 10.16 cm) gauze sponges are the most commonly used bandages in basic wound care. They are found in most first aid kits, in these two sizes. Besides covering wounds, they can also be used for cleaning, sanitizing and absorption aides. Both sizes have an eight-ply thickness for extra absorbency.
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Discuss this Article
Hawthorne
Post 6
@tlcJPC - As somebody who has had two major surgeries, let me tell you that I have experience with gauze dressings at this point. One of the best ways to help detach gauze medical sponges that have attached to a wound is to moisten them under warm water in the shower.
One of my operations just so happens to have been adult male circumcision, which if you didn't know involves keeping gauze bandages on the penis for quite awhile after the surgery. Anyway, this is where I learned the gauze softening trick using the shower.
In fact, in that case things were so painful and sensitive that I would take an hour-long bath to let the gauze really
soak and soften up before even attempting to pull it off and redress the wound. Even when I did that, I had to take pain reliever medication half an hour before redressing the wound so that I could stand it.
I can't even imagine how much it would have hurt and how much damage I might have done if I had attempted to pull the gauze off without softening it in hot water first -- I cringe just thinking about it. Gauze was very helpful for my recovery, though. It's one of those tools you have to respect when you use it, or you can definitely hurt yourself.
gimbell
Post 5
@aishia - I think tlcJPC is saying that gauze can become a bad thing if used improperly (say, by people who don't know how to clean and dress a wound properly) more than that gauze itself is at fault. It's true that even that "non-stick" gauze can stick to and leave fibers in a wound if left there for too long or pressed on too hard while the blood is coagulating.
Other no-nos about wound dressing include:
1. Not thoroughly cleaning the wound before bandaging it. Leaving grit or even germs from a knife blade in an injury is just asking for infection! Use mild soap and warm water.
2. sticking something else, like cotton balls, beneath the
gauze to try to suck up the blood. Gauze is designed to absorb blood, people -- and cotton balls leave tons of fibers in a sticky injury!
3. Not changing the dressing often enough. Even if the wound was cared for correctly, complete with sterile gauze sponges and disinfectant ointment, if you leave that dressing on for days the blood that was sucked up into the gauze can grow bacteria in it.
4. Last but not least, if an injury smells bad at any time, that's sign of infection -- very bad, treat it immediately!
VivAnne
Post 4
@nanny3 - I've never had an injury as big as the one your mother had, but I understand what you're referring to. My best experience with using gauze sponges and gauze pads has been after getting oral surgery to remove a tooth.
My gums had to have stitches put into them, and the spot where the tooth was removed bled for about hours after I left the dentist's office. The dentist had me put 2 by 2 inch gauze pads inside my mouth clenched between my upper teeth and the spot where that bottom molar used to be that was now covered in stitches.
I had to replace the gauze every hour or so as it got completely saturated
with blood. Pulling the gauze out, I saw that it was completely soaked with and gelled over with coagulated blood, and I realized just how much my gums had been bleeding. I'll bet if I didn't have those 2 by 2 inch gauze pads to use after my oral surgery, I would have been spitting blood out for days!
The dentist told me that keeping the gauze in place also helped my gums to stop bleeding faster, because the gauze protected the stitches and injury and kept them undisturbed by things like swallowing until after the wound had closed up at least a little. I think the gauze made itself very useful that day.
aishia
Post 3
@tlcJPC - There are nonstick varieties of gauze made for just this reason. If gauze sticking is still a problem, try putting some disinfectant ointment on the injury before covering it up.
Not only does this keep the area moist so that it doesn't stick to the gauze, but it helps keep the wound from getting infected and even creates a layer over it so that if any grit gets between the wound and the gauze, it won't get into the injury. It's a win/win/win situation, right?
nanny3
Post 2
Until a person has to actually care for a major wound that requires gauze, they might not appreciate or realize how important this one little tool is.
My poor mother had to have major surgery a few years ago, and unfortunately she had a lot of poor care from her physicians. She ended up with a gaping hole in her stomach area that just wouldn't heal.
We cleaned, changed and packed this hole several times a day for months with a gauze dressing. I can't imagine the mess she would have been in if she hadn't been able to do this.
The gauze protected it and kept it clean, at the very least. That really was all that we could do.
tlcJPC
Post 1
There is nothing worse than having a really painful injury already and then putting a bandage on it that doesn't help matters at all.
Come on. You know what I'm talking about. For example, you get a really bad scrape after a fall and put some sterile gauze on it and medical tape. It's a little too big for a regular band aid, after all. Then it's time to remove the dressing and the thing sticks. Ouch!
It is a very good idea to have at least some idea of the appropriate way to dress a wound before jumping right in; otherwise, you could actually cause more damage than was present before.
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be configured

 # Process X509 certificate import
 handler.33.filter = certificates/import-pki-x509
 handler.33.format = api/certificates-import-pki-x509
 handler.33.importlimit = 100
 handler.33.tokenprocedure = Token Procedure Name - must be configured
 3. Save the file.
From 8.2 to 8.3
Configure SCEP
The SCEP implementation has been updated in the following ways:
To use these features, do the following:
 1. If the file <configroot>/scep.properties is unmodified, remove this file and it will be recreated with new defaults when restarting Protocol Gateway.
 2. If the file has been modified, then do the following:
 1. Open the file <configroot>/scep.properties for editing.
 2. Add the following lines below default.racachainlength = 0:
 Example: scep.properties
 CODE
 # Changes the response format for the GetCACert call to return the RA
 # certificate in binary format if set to true.
 # Only works if racachainlength is set to 1.
 default.responseasbinary = false
 3. Add the following lines below default.ra.signature.keyusage = digitalsignature:
 Example: scep.properties
 CODE
 # SCEP INTUNE
 #
 # SCEP Intune allows for integration with Azure AD to automatically
 # enroll and manage iOS, Android, Windows and Mac devices.
 #
 # tenant - is the Tenant which is the fully qualified domain name (FQDN)
 # of the organization configured in Intune.
 #
 # azure_app_id - specifies the azure application id of the app
 # registration.
 #
 # azure_app_key - specifies the client secret of the app registration.
 #
 # certificateAuthority - specifies the name of the CA performing the
 # requests to Intune.
 4. Append the following lines at the end of the file:
 Example: scep.properties
 CODE
 # http://<pgwy-host>:<port>/pgwy/scep/ndeschallenge/
 #
 # Handler for SCEP dynamic challenge endpoint (NDES compliant)
 #
 handler.3.filter = ndeschallenge/
 handler.3.format = scep-ndes
 handler.3.ndesUsername = ndesadmin
 handler.3.ndesPassword = ndespassword
 handler.3.ndesChallengeValidity = PT15M
 # http://<pgwy-host>:<port>/pgwy/scep/ndesrequest
 #
 # Handler for SCEP request using dynamic challenge password
 (NDES compliant)
 #
 handler.4.filter = ndesrequest
 handler.4.format = scep
 handler.4.tokenprocedure = SCEP Registration and Enroll Procedure
 with NDES Challenge

 # http://<pgwy-host>:<port>/pgwy/scep/intune/pkiclient.exe
 #
 # Handler for requests that should be validated against a Microsoft
 # Intune server.
 handler.5.filter = intune/pkiclient.exe
 handler.5.format = scep-intune
 handler.5.tenant = tenant
 handler.5.azure_app_id = app-id
 handler.5.azure_app_key = app-key
 handler.5.certificateAuthority = CA
 5. Save the file.
Configure CMC
Support for CMC revoke request has been added.
To use this feature, do the following:
 1. If the file <configroot>/cmc.properties is unmodified, remove this file and it will be recreated with new defaults when restarting Protocol Gateway.
 2. If the file has been modified, then do the following:
 1. Open the file <configroot>/cmc.properties for editing.
 2. Add the following lines below default.tokenprocedure = TLS Web Server Token:
 Example: cmc.properties
 CODE
 # ra.keyfile - is the token to sign the fullcmc responses,
 required for CMC Revoke.
 # Not required if CMC Revoke handler is disabled.
 # ra.password - is the password to the keyfile. It is recommended to
 # obfuscate sensitive data with .encrypted.
 3. Append the following lines at the end of the file:
 Example: cmc.properties
 CODE
 handler.2.filter = revoke
 handler.2.filterContentType = application/pkcs7-mime;\h*smime-type\h*=
 \h*CMC-request
 handler.2.format = cmc-revoke
 # fullcmc responses (required as response to Revocation request) require
 an RA token to be signed with
 handler.2.ra.keyfile = protocol-gateway-ra.p12
 handler.2.ra.password = abcd1234
 4. Save the file.
Configure V2X API
Support for configuring connection properties to the authorization server has been added.
To use this feature, do the following:
 1. If the file <configroot>/c2x.properties is unmodified, remove this file and it will be recreated with new defaults when restarting Protocol Gateway.
 2. If it has been modified, then do the following:
 1. Open the file <configroot>/c2x.properties for editing.
 2. Replace the line #default.authorizationUrl = <authorization-server-url> with the following lines:
 c2x.properties
 CODE
 # Parameters for the AccessTokenVerifier modifier.
 #
 # default.authorizationUrl = <authorization-server-url>
 # default.authKeyCacheLifeSpan = P365D
 # default.authKeyCacheRefreshTime = P1D
 #
 # Timeout values in ms.
 # default.authKeyConnectTimeout = 1000
 # default.authKeyReadTimeout = 1000
 3. Save the file.
From 8.3 to 8.4.x
Configure EST
The EST configuration has been extended with additional options.
To use these features, do the following updates in <configroot>/est.properties:
 - Add the new parameter and description to the simplereenroll handler, default handler 2:
 Example: est.properties
 CODE
 # Controls if the client TLS certificate must match the latest issued certificate
 # for the requested subject. Set to false as default.
 # handler.2.allowRenewalWithOldCertificates = false
From 8.4.x to 8.5.x
Configure ACME
This is only relevant if you are upgrading from 8.4.0. This is not needed if you update from 8.4.1 or later.
The ACME configuration has been extended with additional options.
To use these features, do the following updates in <configroot>/acme.properties:
 1. Add the new parameter description to the end of the Parameters section:
 Example: acme.properties
 CODE
 # addAccountContactEmail - If true, adds the contact email address from the
 # requesting account to the Rfc822 name field to the SAN extension in the
 # certificate request.
 2. Append the following to the list of default values in the Parameters section:
 Example: acme.properties
 CODE
 #default.addAccountContactEmail = false
Configure WinEP
This is only relevant if you are upgrading from 8.4.0. This is not needed if you update from 8.4.1 or later.
The WinEP configuration has been extended with additional options.
To use these features, do the following updates in <configroot>/winep.properties:
 - Add the following new parameter descriptions to the Define handlers section:
 Example: winep.properties
 CODE
 # enrollmentAgent.certs.x - a list of file paths of the X.509 Enrollment Agent certificates.

 # enrollmentAgent.allowedGroups - optional, a comma separated list of AD groups
 # that this enrollment agent is able to issue certificates for. If the EOBO
 # target user is in any of the defined groups then the request will pass.
 # If not set then all groups are allowed.
 # Group names are case insensitive.

 # enrollmentAgent.blockedGroups - optional, a comma separated list of AD groups
 # that this enrollment agent is blocked from issuing certificates for. If the
 # EOBO target user is in any of the defined groups then the request will be denied.
 # If not set then no groups are blocked.
 # Group names are case insensitive.
 # Blocked groups have a higher precedence than allowed groups. That is, if a user
 # belongs to both an allowed and a blocked group, issuing of certificates will be
 # blocked for that user.
Configure REST API
Upgrade from 8.4.0
Do the following updates in <configroot>/api.properties:
 - Update the V2x Endpoints to reflect the following:
 Example: api.properties
 CODE
 # V2x Endpoints
 # /registrations/v2x/{vin}
 handler.80.filter = registrations/v2x/[a-z0-9A-Z\- ]+
 handler.80.deleteformat = api


text:
An entrance and a barrier; welcoming but protective. These are some of the dualities that exist in considering a very specific type of project—land port of entries (LPOE), commonly known as border-crossing stations. The security issues in this post-9/11 world pose new challenges. How does the United States construct an infrastructure of arrival points, where "huddled masses yearning to breathe free" are still invited to enter, but that also serve as a line of protection? LPOE facilities are organized into a complex set of spatial geometries that are coordinated with a highly choreographed set of procedures. These procedures are in place, first and foremost, to protect customs and border agents who often have to make split-second decisions in determining if there is a potential threat.
Light plays a particularly key role here, not just in the experience of these places, but in facilitating an agent's ability to do his or her job. The demands placed on the lighting are somewhat contradictory: Deliver a great amount of light and minimize brightness and glare—all while meeting significant security criteria, energy-code requirements, and sustainable building practices as mandated by the U.S. General Services Administration (GSA). But it is not an impossible task. The GSA's Design Excellence Program, which oversees the construction of LPOEs, recognizes the need for design to be integral to a project's development and enables even high-security environments to receive thoughtful architecture and lighting. In the process, particularly with some of the most recent LPOEs, lighting criteria have been revisited and new guidelines have been created that meet the priority of security, but do so in a way that creates a better overall environment, one that is securely illuminated.
The land port of entry at Massena, N.Y., is situated along the U.S.-Canada border amid complex site conditions that include the St. Lawrence River, Cornwall Island (home to the Akwesasne Reservation), and a series of wetlands. Site, movement, and light, along with security requirements, contributed to Smith-Miller + Hawkinson Architects' (SMH) winning design scheme, the result of an invitation-only GSA design competition in 2000. After 9/11, the project was put on hold and did not start up again until 2005. In the interim, with new security concerns on the table, the project requirements were reevaluated.
The main building, which houses offices and anchors the passenger-inspection areas, is the first structure visible on the approach from Canada. Because this façade is north-facing and always in shadow, SMH wanted to integrate architectural details and light so that the building would emerge as a welcoming beacon on the horizon. Originally, supergraphic letters in a reflective-yellow highway paint spelled out the words "United States." The signage, seen in the photo at the right, has since been removed, due in part to some security concerns, and SMH is now working on another solution. But SMH's original yellow wayfinding system is carried on throughout the site in other signage elements.
To meet energy-code requirements yet still provide the 100-plus footcandle light level required for security purposes, SMH relied on architectural forms and natural light for an indirect lighting solution at the passenger vehicle-inspection areas' canopies.
Extremely thin and devoid of any equipment so as not to interrupt the white planar surfaces, the underside of the canopy serves as a light reflector. During non-daylight hours, 250W metal halide uplights, recessed on top of the inspection booths, are aimed at the canopy underside and supplement the even wash of light across the inspection bays, preventing harsh shadowing. In the secondary inspection area, pole-mounted metal halide uplights allow the U.S. Customs and Border Protection officers to perform their inspection duties. "It's a significant design challenge," says architect Sean Gallagher. "Architecture can participate with the operations that are happening at the borders in a way that will make the port run more smoothly and the experience a little bit more sane."Details
Project: U.S. land port of entry, Massena, N.Y.
Completion Date: Fall 2009 (completed ahead of schedule)
Client: U.S. General Services Administration
Architect: Smith-Miller + Hawkinson Architects, New York
Structural, MEP, Civil, and Security Engineers: Arup, New York
Landscape Architect: Quennell Rothschild & Partners, New York
Environmental Consultants: Barton & Loguidice, Syracuse, N.Y.
Curtainwall Design Consultants: R.A. Heintges Associates, New York
Lighting Designer: Claude R. Engle, Washington, D.C.
Environmental Graphic Design Consultants: Pentagram, New York
Project Cost: $54 million (bid $4 million under budget)
Project Size: 57 acres (campus); 24,500 square feet (inspection plazas—booths and canopies); 37,200 square feet (M-Bldg, administration facility); 6,700 square feet (S-Bldg, secondary inspection facility); 7,900 square feet (G-Bldg, broker offices); 7,700 square feet (N-Bldg, non-intrusive inspection facility)
Photography: Michael Moran
Situated along a thin slice of land overlooking Semiahmoo Bay and the international Peace Arch Park, the Peace Arch U.S. Land Port of Entry (LPOE) is one of the busiest northern border crossing stations serving private vehicle traffic between Washington state and Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
The design is all about blending the new facility into the landscape. "The architectural challenge was to figure out how to incorporate this much-larger new facility in this very constrained spot," explains Sergei Bischak, project architect at Bohlin Cywinski Jackson.
Because of the busy nature of this location and its 24/7 operation, the station could not be shut down for construction, so a phased approach was applied to demolishing the existing 1970s structure and erecting a new one in its place. Although there are now 10 lanes of traffic—two more than the previous facility had, according to Bischak—the project wasn't about "places for more cars." It was about "facilities to support the processing."
One of the most substantial developments resulting from this project was the creation of a new set of exterior lighting guidelines. As the team, which included Seattle lighting design firm Candela, began to work, it was clear that the existing GSA lighting guidelines were outdated and called for calculation methods that were not useful. Lighting designer Mary Claire Frazier, then a principal at Candela (she has since retired), spearheaded a request to the GSA to revisit the document. She proposed a tour of several LPOEs along the northern and southern U.S. borders so that Candela could analyze lighting conditions, interview U.S. Customs and Border Protection agents, and then make recommendations for new lighting guidelines.
After extensive review, the GSA accepted the new findings, which better address vertical illuminance, uniformity, transition and adaptation zones, and glare control. Also of note in the new standard is the stipulation to include an independent lighting designer on all design teams. "The guidelines are written from a lighting designer's perspective," says Randy Fisher, who assumed project responsibilities from Frazier. "Security issues are met, but with an appropriate gradiance of light."Details
Project: Peace Arch U.S. Land Port of Entry, Blaine, Wash.
Completion Date: January 2011
Owner: U.S. General Services Administration
Architect: Bohlin Cywinski Jackson, Seattle office
Structural and Civil Engineers: Magnusson Klemencic Associates, Seattle
Mechanical Engineers: CDi Engineers, Seattle
Electrical Engineers: Sparling, Seattle
Landscape Architect: Swift Company, Seattle
Lighting Designer: Candela, Seattle
Project Size: 15 acres (campus); 35,750 square feet (building); 55,000 square feet (site work)
Energy Code Compliance: ASHRAE 90.1-2004 Based on Candela's U.S. LPOE Design Guide Exterior Lighting Study, 289 fewer luminaires were used than the existing 2006 guidelines would have prescribed. The project also uses 16,773 fewer watts, a 22 percent reduction in total lighting load.
Rendering: Courtesy Bohlin Cywinski Jackson
Lighting was a major element from the very start for the redesign of the San Ysidro U.S. Land Port of Entry (LPOE), just outside San Diego. When the Miller Hull Partnership (MHP) was called in for its interview with the GSA after making the short list of architecture firms, it was suggested to them that one of the five team members to include be the lighting designer. "We knew immediately how important lighting design was to the project," says Craig Curtis, design partner at MHP. "Fortunately, we had already decided to team with Candela who we've worked with for years. And coincidentally they had just done a study of LPOEs' lighting design."
As one of the busiest LPOEs in the U.S., there are a tremendous number of demands placed on this facility, and even more since it is a border station along the nation's southern border. An extraordinary number of people—102,000—go through this location every day, 25,000 merely on foot. "The design first of all had to respond to the demand for increasing throughput," Curtis explains. "In addition to that, every architectural move we were making, we were trying to see what we could do in terms of sustainability as part of that same solution."
Striving to be a net-zero energy building


text:
OFFICE OF THE SOLICITOR GENERAL
The Office of the Solicitor General was created by the Statutory Authorization Act of June 22, 1870. The Act states that there shall be an officer learned in the law, to be called the Solicitor General, to assist the Attorney General in the performance of his/her duties.
The mission of OSG is to represent the interests of the United States before the Supreme Court and to oversee appellate and certain other litigation on behalf of the United States in the lower federal and state courts.
The major functions of the OSG are to:
- Conduct, or assign and supervise all Supreme Court cases, including appeals, petitions for and in opposition to certiorari, briefs, and arguments.
- Determine whether, and to what extent, appeals will be taken by the government or whether the government will file a brief amicus curiae in any appellate court.
- Determine when and whether the United States should intervene in any court to defend the constitutionality of an Act of Congress.
- Assist the Attorney General, the Deputy Attorney General, and the Associate Attorney General, as requested, in the development of Department programs and policy.
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