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I'm using the blobstore to backup and recovery entities in csv format. The process is working well for all of my smaller models. However, once I start to work on models with more than 2K entities, I am exceeded the soft memory limit. I'm only fetching 50 entities at a time and then writing the results out to the blobstore, so I'm not clear why my memory usage would be building up. I can reliably make the method fail just by increasing the "limit" value passed in below which results in the method running just a little longer to export a few more entities.
 1. Any recommendations on how to optimize this process to reduce memory consumption?
 2. Also, the files produced will only <500KB in size. Why would the process use 140 MB of memory?
Simplified example:
file_name = files.blobstore.create(mime_type='application/octet-stream')
with files.open(file_name, 'a') as f:
 writer = csv.DictWriter(f, fieldnames=properties)
 for entity in models.Player.all():
 row = backup.get_dict_for_entity(entity)
 writer.writerow(row)
Produces the error: Exceeded soft private memory limit with 150.957 MB after servicing 7 requests total
Simplified example 2:
The problem seems to be with using files and the with statement in python 2.5. Factoring out the csv stuff, I can reproduce almost the same error by simply trying to write a 4000 line text file to the blobstore.
from __future__ import with_statement
from google.appengine.api import files
from google.appengine.ext.blobstore import blobstore
file_name = files.blobstore.create(mime_type='application/octet-stream')
myBuffer = StringIO.StringIO()
#Put 4000 lines of text in myBuffer
with files.open(file_name, 'a') as f:
 for line in myBuffer.getvalue().splitlies():
 f.write(line)
files.finalize(file_name)
blob_key = files.blobstore.get_blob_key(file_name)
Produces the error: Exceeded soft private memory limit with 154.977 MB after servicing 24 requests total
Original:
def backup_model_to_blobstore(model, limit=None, batch_size=None):
 file_name = files.blobstore.create(mime_type='application/octet-stream')
 # Open the file and write to it
 with files.open(file_name, 'a') as f:
 #Get the fieldnames for the csv file.
 query = model.all().fetch(1)
 entity = query[0]
 properties = entity.__class__.properties()
 #Add ID as a property
 properties['ID'] = entity.key().id()
 #For debugging rather than try and catch
 if True:
 writer = csv.DictWriter(f, fieldnames=properties)
 #Write out a header row
 headers = dict( (n,n) for n in properties )
 writer.writerow(headers)
 numBatches = int(limit/batch_size)
 if numBatches == 0:
 numBatches = 1
 for x in range(numBatches):
 logging.info("************** querying with offset %s and limit %s", x*batch_size, batch_size)
 query = model.all().fetch(limit=batch_size, offset=x*batch_size)
 for entity in query:
 #This just returns a small dictionary with the key-value pairs
 row = get_dict_for_entity(entity)
 #write out a row for each entity.
 writer.writerow(row)
 # Finalize the file. Do this before attempting to read it.
 files.finalize(file_name)
 blob_key = files.blobstore.get_blob_key(file_name)
 return blob_key
The error looks like this in the logs
......
2012-02-02 21:59:19.063
************** querying with offset 2050 and limit 50
I 2012-02-02 21:59:20.076
************** querying with offset 2100 and limit 50
I 2012-02-02 21:59:20.781
************** querying with offset 2150 and limit 50
I 2012-02-02 21:59:21.508
Exception for: Chris (202.161.57.167)
err:
Traceback (most recent call last):
 .....
 blob_key = backup_model_to_blobstore(model, limit=limit, batch_size=batch_size)
 File "/base/data/home/apps/singpath/163.356548765202135434/singpath/backup.py", line 125, in backup_model_to_blobstore
 writer.writerow(row)
 File "/base/python_runtime/python_lib/versions/1/google/appengine/api/files/file.py", line 281, in __exit__
 self.close()
 File "/base/python_runtime/python_lib/versions/1/google/appengine/api/files/file.py", line 275, in close
 self._make_rpc_call_with_retry('Close', request, response)
 File "/base/python_runtime/python_lib/versions/1/google/appengine/api/files/file.py", line 388, in _make_rpc_call_with_retry
 _make_call(method, request, response)
 File "/base/python_runtime/python_lib/versions/1/google/appengine/api/files/file.py", line 236, in _make_call
 _raise_app_error(e)
 File "/base/python_runtime/python_lib/versions/1/google/appengine/api/files/file.py", line 179, in _raise_app_error
 raise FileNotOpenedError()
FileNotOpenedError
C 2012-02-02 21:59:23.009
Exceeded soft private memory limit with 149.426 MB after servicing 14 requests total
share|improve this question

Try assigning model.all() to a variable outside of the loop and reuse it, creating a new query for every batch could be expensive memory wise. – Joachim Isaksson Feb 3 '12 at 6:17

That gets me slightly further, but I still exceed the memory limit after fetching about 2200 entities. How do I do this more efficiently? – Chris Feb 3 '12 at 6:37
up vote 3 down vote accepted
You'd be better off not doing the batching yourself, but just iterating over the query. The iterator will pick a batch size (probably 20) that should be adequate:
q = model.all()
for entity in q:
 row = get_dict_for_entity(entity)
 writer.writerow(row)
This avoids re-running the query with ever-increasing offset, which is slow and causes quadratic behavior in the datastore.
An oft-overlooked fact about memory usage is that the in-memory representation of an entity can use 30-50 times the RAM compared to the serialized form of the entity; e.g. an entity that is 3KB on disk might use 100KB in RAM. (The exact blow-up factor depends on many factors; it's worse if you have lots of properties with long names and small values, even worse for repeated properties with long names.)
share|improve this answer

Thanks Guido. I tried iterating over the query and saw the same issue. I have added the most simplified version of the condition at the top of my post. I still seem to be continually allocating memory for some reason and hitting the memory limit before I hit the 30 second timeout. If it was just the timeout, I would of course defer the task. – Chris Feb 7 '12 at 12:05

Sadly I'm also out of ideas, except suggesting that there might be a memory leak in the csv module. Do you only get the soft memory error or also hard memory errors? The soft error you can just ignore, it kills the process only after it has successfully finished


Rising food prices and household welfare
Working Paper 2011-200
Food price inflation in Brazil in the twelve months to June 2008 was 18 percent, while overall inflation was 5.3 percent. This paper uses spatially disaggregated monthly data on consumer prices and two different household surveys to estimate the welfare consequences of these food price increases, and their distribution across households. Because Brazil is a large food producer, with a predominantly wage-earning agricultural labor force, our estimates include general equilibrium effects on market and transfer incomes, as well as the standard estimates of changes in consumer surplus. While the expenditure (or consumer surplus) effects were large, negative and markedly regressive everywhere, the market income effect was positive and progressive, particularly in rural areas. Because of this effect on the rural poor, and of the partial protection afforded by increases in two large social assistance benefits, the overall impact of higher food prices in Brazil was U-shaped, with the middle-income groups suffering larger proportional losses than the very poor. Nevertheless, since Brazil is 80 percent urban, higher food prices still led to a greater incidence and depth of poverty at the national level.
Authors: Francisco H. G. Ferreira, Anna Fruttero, Phillippe Leite, Leonardo Lucchetti.
Keywords: Food prices, welfare, poverty, inequality, price change incidence curve, Brazil.
JEL: D31, I38, O15.


text:
How do you make greek cypriot coffee?
- Pour 1 espresso sized cup of water into a "brike". If you do not have a "brike" you can use a small pot.
- Place on a hot (i.e. the temperature you would use to bring water to a boil) stove
- Begin to bring the coffee to a boil
- Pour into your cup, let sit for 2 minutes and enjoy!
What is the difference between Greek coffee and regular coffee?
The process of boiling extracts more nutrients from the coffee beans. Furthermore, Greek coffee is comprised of Arabica coffee beans ground to a very fine powder. In this way, Greek coffee delivers more concentrated antioxidants than a normal cup of coffee, and it contains only a moderate amount of caffeine.
What is the optional ingredient to make a cup of Greek coffee?
a briki. a small coffee cup, about the size of a large espresso cup. greek coffee grounds sugar (optional).
What is special about Greek coffee?
Greek coffee is a strong brew of coffee, which is served with foam on the top (kaimaki) and the grounds at the bottom of the cup It is a style of coffee prepared using very finely ground coffee beans without filtering.
Is espresso the same as Greek coffee?
Greek coffee drinks require extremely fine coffee granules, which is sometimes called a turkish grind. These grounds are essentially powdered, almost the same texture as espresso powder, but they're not the same thing.
What is the difference between Turkish and Greek coffee?
If you order sweetened coffee turkey, it's traditionally brewed with sugar right in the cezve, while in Greece and in Arab countries, sugar's added afterward Arabic-style coffees also may get spiced with cardamom or cinnamon, which less less common in Turkey and Greece.
Why is my Greek coffee Grainy?
Practically speaking, this is because Greek coffee is prepared by boiling the coffee grounds which then settle to the bottom of the demi-tasse cup in which the coffee is served. Drink too quickly and these grounds may accidentally end up in your mouth (gritty and a bit gross).
What is Cypriot coffee?
Cyprus coffee is unique and unlike most types of coffee served in Europe. The Cyprus coffee is brewed in small, long handled pots, called "mbrikia" and those were traditionally made of copper. In addition, the Cypriot coffee is made from fresh coffee beans Brazilian.
What kind of coffee beans are used for Greek coffee?
Greek coffee is made from Arabica coffee beans , which are ground to a very fine powder (much finer than the coffee grinds in many other countries around the world). The coffee in Greece is similar to that in Turkey and throughout the Middle East.
What kind of coffee do they drink in Greece?
The Ibrik Or "Greek" Coffee Greek coffee, also known as "ibrik coffee" has been around – and remained popular – for centuries. It is finely ground coffee made and served from a "briki", also known as an "ibrik" (a small brass pot with a long handle).
Is Greek coffee healthier than American coffee?
The combination of boiling a fine grind gives Greek coffee a powerful, one-two health punch. Plus, you get less caffeine than in an American cup of coffee , so ounce for ounce it's a healthier choice.
What is Greek coffee called in Greek?
In Greek, this is called glykos or γλυκός and pronounced ghlee-KOHSS. For extra-strong sweet coffee, add 3 teaspoons of sugar and 2 heaping teaspoons of coffee to the briki and stir.
Is Greek coffee the healthiest?
According to many studies, Greek coffee can reduce the risk of premature death For instance, experts found that people on the island of Ikaria, who drink boiled Greek coffee at least once per day, have better cardiovascular health compared to others, with most locals living beyond 90 years of age.
Does Greek coffee have Cardamom?
Sharing is caring! This deep, rich, Turkish Coffee Recipe, is also known as Greek Coffee and Arab Coffee. The espresso used to make this Turkish coffee recipe is blended with ground cardamon , which gives this coffee its wonderful flavor.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


comDCGLplot: Visualization of common DCGs and DCLs
Description Usage Arguments Details Value Author(s) Examples
Description
Graphical Representation of common DCLs with regulation information.
Usage
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comDCGLplot(comDCGL.res, FigName = "comDCGL.pdf", tf2target,
 vsize = 5, asize = 0.3, lcex = 0.3, ewidth = 1.5)
Arguments
comDCGL.res
Result of comDCGL function.
FigName
A character string of graph name.
tf2target
a data frame or matrix for TF-to-target interaction pairs.
vsize
A numeric of node size.
asize
A numeric of arrow size.
lcex
a numeric of lable size.
ewidth
a numeric of edge width.
Details
We built a function comDCGLplot to display combined information of common DCGs and DCLs with regulation information. In this graph, we display DCLs networks, and we rely on different node shapes differentiate TFs and non-TFs (square for TFs, circle for non-TFs), different node colors to categorize genes (pink for DCGs, blue for non-DCGs, and different edge types to express different relations of DCLs (solid for DCLs, edges with arrow indicate TF-to-target relations).
Value
One graph as users' wish have been saved in currently working directory
Author(s)
Jing Yang
Examples
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##################################################################
## computate DCEA results for three disease, Allergic asthma (AA),
## Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and Type 2 Diabetes (T2D).
##################################################################
data(exprs1)
data(exprs2)
data(exprs3)
##########################################################################
## the default value of cutoff in DCEA is 0.25,
## here cutoff is set to 1 for saving time when demonstrating the examples.
DCEA.AA.res<-DCEA(exprs1[1:200,1:5],exprs1[1:200,6:10],link.method="percent",
 cutoff=1,N=0,nbins=20,p=0.1)
DCEA.CKD.res<-DCEA(exprs2[1:300,1:25],exprs2[1:300,26:31],link.method="percent",
 cutoff=1,N=0,nbins=20,p=0.1)
DCEA.T2D.res<-DCEA(exprs3[1:200,1:12],exprs3[1:200,13:35],link.method="percent",
 cutoff=1,N=0,nbins=20,p=0.1)
##########################################################################
#####################################################
## sort out common DCGs and DCLs in AA, CKD and T2D.
data(tf2target)
comDCGL.res<-comDCGL(Ndis = 3,
 DCEA.disn = list(dis1 = DCEA.AA.res, dis2 = DCEA.CKD.res, dis3 = DCEA.T2D.res),
 DisNames = c("AA", "CKD", "T2D"),
 cutoff = 0.25, tf2target)
#####################################################
#################################################################
## plot common DCGs and common DCLs with regulation information.
#comDCGLplot.res<-comDCGLplot(comDCGL.res,FigName="comDCGL.pdf",tf2target,
# vsize=5,asize=0.25,lcex=0.3,ewidth=1.5)
#################################################################
DSviaDRM documentation built on May 29, 2017, 6:47 p.m.
Search within the DSviaDRM package
Search all R packages, documentation and source code


text:
This also means that blowing out candles in space is four times easier than on Earth — a finding that more than justifies the Shuttle flights.
Here is the explanation from some smart people:
[A] candle can burn in zero gravity. However, the flame is quite a bit different. Fire behaves differently in space and microgravity than on Earth.
A microgravity flame forms a sphere surrounding the wick. Diffusion feeds the flame with oxygen and allows carbon dioxide to move away from the point of combustion, so the rate of burning is slowed. The flame of a candle burned in microgravity is an almost invisible blue color (video cameras on Mir could not detect the blue color). Experiments on Skylab and Mir indicate the temperature of the flame is too low for the yellow color seen on Earth.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


One of the behavioral Visual Acuity analysis testperformed are the optokinetic response (OKR) test and OMR. From the analysis of this test, visual acuity and contrast sensitivity could be deduced. For the test, zebrafish larvae are immobilized in petri dishes above an infrared light. The light emitted rotating grating patterns around the larvae, and the patterns elicited eye movement, which was recorded in real time by an infrared-sensitive Camera.


text:
The defeat of Napoleon Bonaparte at Waterloo marks the end of the Napoleonic Wars. Napoleon defeated and exiled to St. Helena.
1821 · New Ouse Bridge Completed
The original Ouse Bridge collapsed in 1154 under the weight of a crowd that was on it. In 1367, after the bridge had been replaced with stone and became the site of the first public toilets. In _PHONE_ the bridge was finally done being repaired. In 1810 and 1818 the bridge was dismantled to make way for a new Ouse Bridge design and completed in 1821.
Eclectic Period (Art and Antiques).
English:variant of Burrow , with excrescent -s.(mainly Sheffield): occasionally also a topographic name or occupational name for someone who lived or worked at a house with a chamber for conducting manorial business (Middle English bour, Old English būr 'bower, chamber', + hous 'house'). Compare Burroughs and Burris .


Event Resources Constitution Contact Us
Welcome to Hong Kong Youth Care Association's website.
Our service areas include the followings:
 1. To help the poor out of poverty and contribute to the community;
 2. To assist the social security assistances and immigrant families to integrate to the society;
 3. To offer employment opportunities and on-job training to people in difficulties;
 4. To improve personal skills and living standard of chronically ill peoples and disables. So they have chances to self-reliance;
 5. To provide family support, child development and elderly care services;
 6. To grant educational fund as a school sponsoring body.
(C) 2007~2009 Hong Kong Youth Care Association.


Our Approach
A curriculum at every stage to fit your districts unique needs.
Character development & train the teacher program based on cognitive neuroscience.
Leadership training & mentoring every week for student body, student leader groups and alternative schools.
Condensed combination of both programs with home campus follow-up.
A curriculum based on proven science.
Cognitive Neuroscience
Science of Learning
Positive Psychology
Positive Character Traits
Curriculum founded in meta-cognitive neuroscience to help establish positive cognitive learning with students
Self-efficacy development through everyday learning such as service learning with the VA.
Keeps students motivated and able to make positive changes in behavior.
Based on 14 point positive character traits and 11 positive leadership traits.
Not a one size fits all appproach
This isn't a book, it isn't curriculum you buy and HOPE someone uses it. It is a program designed around each district's unique vision and challenges.
It is precisely why we take a customized approach and work with you to tailor our program curriculum to address your desired outcomes.
© 2018 LT Character, LLC. All Rights Reserved


Telegram Account
There are two ways to delete your Telegram account: using the app's self-destruct feature or doing so manually. We'll discuss both options below.
Note: As far as we can tell, the browser version of Telegram doesn't allow you to delete your account. Also, there are slight differences between the layout and features of Telegram's desktop and smartphone apps. However, don't let this throw you off; the steps are the same.
Delete Telegram account using self-destruction
Telegram allows you to specify a period of inactivity, after which your account will be deleted automatically. This is useful if, for instance, you're not in a hurry to delete your account.
The standard time period is six months, but you can change this by following the steps below:
1. Open your Telegram app. Click on the three lines in the top left corner and go to "Settings."
2. Click on "Privacy and Security."
3. Scroll down and click on "Delete my account."
4. Now, click on "If away for."
5. You can now choose to have your account automatically deleted after one, three, six, or 12 months of inactivity. All you have to do is wait until the specified time elapses and your account will be automatically deleted.
Delete Telegram manually
If you don't want to wait for your Telegram account to be deleted automatically, you can choose to delete it manually.
Note: There is no way to do this from the Telegram app. You can only delete your Telegram account from your web browser.
Follow the steps down below to delete your Telegram account:
1. Go to the Telegram deactivation page and enter your phone number with your country code. If you're unsure about your country code, you can easily Google it.
2. Fill in the confirmation code sent to your Telegram app.
3. You'll be directed to a page explaining the consequences of deleting your account. We recommend reading this information carefully. You can provide a reason for deleting your Telegram account if you want to. When you're done, click on the blue "Delete My Account" button.
4. You have to confirm you want to delete your Telegram account by clicking "Yes, delete my account. " This is the final step. Once you click on this button, your account will be deleted permanently.
5. You have now deleted your Telegram account permanently. If you want to sign up for another account with the same phone number, you'll have to wait a few days before you can do so.
Why Delete Telegram?
Telegram was launched in 2013, but its popularity has skyrocketed in the past few years as millions of people seek alternatives to WhatsApp and Facebook. There are many reasons to choose Telegram over WhatsApp, but there are also reasons to stop using Telegram. Here are the main ones.
No end-to-end encryption by default
While it has some unique features, critics have since lamented the fact that Telegram doesn't provide end-to-end encryption by default. You need to activate "Secret Chat" before you get this level of encryption. This is different from other messaging apps, like WhatsApp, which has standard end-to-end encryption on all chats.
There's also the fact that Telegram uses its own, relatively unknown encryption protocol—MTProto—rather than a well-recognized one.
Extremism and conspiracy theorists
Due to its lax approach to content moderation, Telegram has become a meeting place for right-wing extremists and conspiracy theorists.
At the height of the COVID pandemic, while social media platforms like Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram took measures to stop the spread of misinformation, Telegram didn't. This made the messaging app a fertile ground for the growth of extremist ideologies.
A study published in 2021 by the Institute for Strategic Dialogue revealed that far-right groups spread COVID-19 conspiracy theories on Telegram as a way to radicalize and recruit new members. The study also found that these groups peddle extreme misogyny, anti-Semitism, and Islamophobia on the messaging app.
Data collection practices
To provide its service and further its "legitimate interests," Telegram may collect and store metadata from users' devices for up to a year. The company collects some personal information about users, including your name, username, phone number, email address, contact list, and location data (when you share your location).
Telegram also stores users' chat messages, photos, videos, and shared documents. According to the company, this data is "stored heavily encrypted." Nonetheless, Telegram may be compelled to turn over user data by the government.
Telegram claims it has never had to release user information to the authorities. However, in June 2022, German news magazine Der Spiegel reported that Telegram had presented user data to the German police as part of a criminal investigation into terrorism and child abuse.
How to Keep Your Data Safe on Telegram
If you're concerned about your privacy, deleting your Telegram account is not your only option. You can hang on to your Telegram account and secure your data by using a VPN. A VPN is a useful privacy solution that encrypts your internet traffic and routes your traffic through a server.
The top VPNs offer military-grade encryption. So, if you don't trust Telegram's encryption protocol, you can take matters into your hands and use a VPN to encrypt your traffic.
A VPN also changes your IP address and hides your real IP. This allows you to access geo-restricted content and bypass censorship blocks without any difficulties.
NordVPN is one of the top VPNs we recommend. It has a wide server network, excellent security and privacy tools, and it doesn't store any user data.
If you've just deleted Telegram, and you're looking for a great, privacy-oriented messaging app to replace it, there are several options to choose from. Check out our article on the best encrypted messaging apps.
If you're interested in deleting your social media accounts, we have articles on how to delete your Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, Reddit, and LinkedIn accounts.
How to Delete Your Telegram Account: Frequently Asked Questions
Do you have a specific question about deleting Telegram? Check out our FAQ down below to see if we've answered your question. If you can't find your question below, read the full article above or leave us a comment, and we'll get back to you as soon as possible.
How can I delete Telegram?
You can delete Telegram automatically using the self-destruct option, or manually. To delete your account manually, go to the Telegram deactivation page, fill in your full phone number (with your country code) and follow the steps. Our article on how to delete your Telegram account contains step-by-step instructions to guide you through the process.
What happens when you delete Telegram?
Deleting your Telegram account is permanent and irreversible. You will lose all of your chat messages and media if you haven't saved them elsewhere. That's why we strongly recommend making a backup of your data beforehand.
How can I delete my Telegram account from an iPhone?
Deleting your Telegram account from your iPhone is easy. You've got two options: using the app's self-destruct feature, or deleting your account manually. For more information, check out our article on deleting Telegram.
Nathan Daniels Author
Tech journalist
Nathan is an internationally trained journalist and has a special interest in the prevention of cybercrime, especially where vulnerable groups are concerned. For VPNoverview.com he conducts research in the field of cybersecurity, internet censorship, and online privacy. He also contributed to developing our rigorous VPN testing and reviewing procedures using evidence-based best practices.
How to enable or disable the sound in Telegram
Many experts and ordinary users consider the Telegram messenger to be one of the best solutions on the market. The application works very fast, it is very light, does not load the device, it is multi-platform, and also equipped with many great features. One of these features are group conversations, as well as channels. Surely you have come across a situation, especially if you are an active participant in group conversations, when there are too many notifications, and they simply annoy you with their calls every couple of seconds. If they annoy you, you can easily turn them off.
Sound notifications can be managed in Telegram.
In today's material, we will analyze how to turn off the sound of notifications in the "Telegram" on your phone or computer. We will tell you how to remove it for a single correspondence, as well as how to turn off any signals.
How to turn off all notifications
Android
 1. Expand the Telegram side menu by swiping from the left side of the screen or by tapping the three horizontal bars in the upper left corner.
 2. Go to "Settings" - "Notifications and Sound". Here you will see individual settings for messages, groups, and the entire application.
 3. If you want to remove the ringtone of incoming messages, in the corresponding section, tap the "Sound" tab, and then select "Silent" in the list of available melodies. If you need to change the settings for groups, follow the same action in the corresponding section.
 4. If you want to get rid of all signals at the program level, in the "In


text:
Background: We report an invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) with negative (1,3)-β-D-glucan and dynamically elevated white blood cells combined with procalcitonin proven by bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) culture.
Methods: Appropriate laboratory tests are carried out. Chest CTs were performed to assess the lungs. The cause of infection was determined using BALF culture.
Results: Serum (1,3)-β-D-glucan was negative, white blood cells and procalcitonin were significantly higher than normal. The bronchoscopy revealed obvious necrotic detritus and pseudo membrane in the trachea, left and right main bronchi, and branches. BALF culture revealed the presence of Aspergillus.
Conclusions: Negative (1,3)-β-D-glucan is not safe to rule out invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. BALF culture is critical for IPA diagnosis.


Ni.kou sterling silver triangle ring
 - チェックされた回数 4,888回
 - 合計販売点数：14点
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-Material: 925 sterling silver ●Size: The width is about 2mm, the thickness is about 1.5mm, the ring can be customized, please measure your international size after measurement. You can also type the word, if you need to type the word, please also note it
Ni.kou sterling silver triangle ring
-Material: 925 sterling silver ●Size: The width is about 2mm, the thickness is about 1.5mm, the ring can be customized, please measure your international size after measurement. You can also type the word, if you need to type the word, please also note it to the designer! ● Attention! Please be sure to confirm the size and type of the ring before ordering. Since the goods are all made after payment, if the payment is made two days after the order is placed, the modification fee will be charged and the part cannot be changed. ●Bound measurement method & comparison table For the production of the ring, the size of the "International Form of the Store Form" is the main one. Please note the required "International Fence Size" when placing the order. Due to the difference in the size of each country and the size of each family, if there is a measurement in the silver building or other stores, it is recommended to measure the comparison in the following ways to improve the accuracy. ✽Measurement method 1. Go directly to the Silver House. The jewellery shop asks the clerk to help measure the size of the "International Wai". Pay attention to the non-US Wai. Hong Kong Wai. Japan Wai. 2. Place your ring on the ruler, measure the "inner ring diameter" of the ring (excluding the ring thickness), and compare the "inner diameter" of the table below. 3. Use an inelastic paper strip or tape measure to tighten the "widest point" around the circle to wear your finger. The measured length is then compared to the ruler. (Because the measurement method varies from person to person, this method has a large error.) 4. Use NI.KOU ring card measurement, link as follows Reminder: If your joint is wider than your finger, use the joint size. Try to measure your fingers in the evening, so when the finger is at its maximum. The average person has left and right hands, and the size of the finger will vary. Because the fingers will be inflated and contracted, avoid measuring the fingers cold or touching the hot water to avoid inaccurate measurement. ●Up to 10 words for free (including spaces and symbols) This ring is limited to the inner ring. ● Font 1mm, limited to English uppercase font "ABC...Z" and the number "0~9" Symbol limit "." " & " ●**Before placing an order, please make sure that the size and the typing content are correct, and the customized products are not returned!** This item is "order-to-order" and will only be produced after payment. It will take an average of 7 production days (excluding holidays and delivery time). ●Because the goods are all handmade, there will be traces of hand-made, such as asymmetry, typing interval or typing force, etc. There is no way to be as perfect as a machine, the size and the knocking will be slightly different from the photo, within the ring The diameter will have an error of +/- 0.03cm, and the acceptor will place an order again. ●Performance rules 1. If you need to modify the ring after receiving, you will be charged the modification fee and the return shipping fee. Please refer to the following instructions for the modification fee. Please return the ring package and transfer the fee. 2. Provide the first modification fee within 1 ring, within one month after receipt of the item. Supplement: If it has been modified once and is modified to 1 within the second time, it is not in the free qualification. Change the cost of the ring: Within 0.5 ~ 3 rings, one modification fee is NT$100 Within 3.5 to 6 rings, a modification fee of NT$200 6 rings or above do not provide modification Change the small fee: 0.5 (inclusive) or more, one modification fee NT$200 ●Maintenance The silver chain part is not provided for maintenance. If the jewelry part is to be repaired, please provide pictures and discuss with the designer. Depending on the damage status, you need to pay the freight separately. ●About our hand made accessories We use 925 sterling silver and pure copper, each hand-finished jewelry, They are all completed by the traditional techniques of metalworking - sawing, knocking, carving, welding, boring, setting, throwing, etc. The texture of the hand that is welded and forged is retained. ●Maintenance knowledge 1. All accessories, no matter what kind of material are afraid of moisture, especially rain, sweat, perfume, bathing hot springs, chemical products, etc., will seriously damage the jewelry to produce oxidation, so should try to avoid and stay away. 2. Jewelry is recommended to wear often, the body's oil can make the jewelry produce a natural and lustrous beauty. 3. Jewelry will produce oxidation, vulcanization or oxidative yellowing and blackening signs with time. You can use a moist soft toothbrush with toothpaste or toothpaste to lightly brush the surface, or use a silver cloth or a copper cloth to wipe the original. Metallic luster. 4. If the jewelry is specially vulcanized, do not over-wipe it to avoid the vulcanization design effect disappearing. 5. If you are worried that the chemical emulsion of silver cloth and copper cloth will cause skin allergies, you can wash it off with water and dry it before wearing it. 6. Natural stone, crystal and pearl can be cleaned with water and then wiped with a soft cloth. 7. When not wearing, clean and put it in a sealed bag to save the oxidation speed. 8. Do not put all kinds of accessories in the same jewelry box. The hardness of the jewelry will rub against each other and cause wear and tear. 9. Never use any other tools to clean your accessories. It will leave scratches on the surface of the jewelry. If a brush is necessary, use a clean or very soft brush to brush your jewelry. Origin / manufacturing methods Made in Taiwan handmade
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Jeffery Lagarias, in his recent article Euler's constant: Euler's work and modern developments in the AMS Bulletin, mentions that Euler obtained $\zeta(3)={{2\pi^3 b(3/2)}\over 3}$ for some "Bernoulli function" $b(z)$ in Section 2.4 ("Zeta values") of his article.
Lagarias also mentions that Euler similarly obtained a value for $\zeta(5)$ in terms of $b(5/2)$.
Is there any modern article explaining this "Bernoulli function $b(z)$?
share|improve this question
2 Answers 2
I found something on Wikipedia: _URL_ It is written that $$ b\left( s \right) = 2e^{\frac{\pi }{2}is} \int_0^{ + \infty } {\frac{{st^s }}{{1 - e^{2\pi t} }}\frac{{dt}}{t}} $$ and $b\left( {2n} \right) = B_{2n}$ for any $n>0$, where $B_k$ is the $k$th Bernoulli number. Also $$ \zeta \left( 3 \right) = \frac{{2\pi ^3 b\left( 3 \right)}}{{3i}},\quad \zeta \left( 5 \right) = \frac{{2i\pi ^5 b\left( 5 \right)}}{{15}}. $$
share|improve this answer
Maybe this paper will be helpful: _URL_ (Donal F. Connon, A generalisation of the Bernoulli numbers from the discrete to the continuous).
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Your Answer


Take the 2-minute tour ×
Is there a function in Emacs to check whether a given existing file lies somewhere "under" a (root) directory, that is anywhere inside the tree structure of the root directory.
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1 Answer 1
up vote 1 down vote accepted
Check find-name-dired or find-dired.
They use the using the find utility.
share|improve this answer
Your Answer


text:
Unique temperature module added to CSI 6500 Machinery Health Monitor
12 July 2011
A new A6630 temperature module from Emerson has been added to the CSI 6500 that delivers critical bearing temperature measurements in addition to vibration monitoring.
Emerson Process Management announces the addition of a unique temperature module for the CSI 6500 Machinery Health Monitor. The new A6630 temperature module complements the vibration monitoring capabilities already available in the CSI 6500 and delivers critical bearing temperature measurements. The A6630 module accepts RTD and thermocouple signals directly, reducing the installation cost and complexity of temperature monitoring.
Whether striving for uptime, machinery protection, or safety, temperature is an important parameter when monitoring critical turbomachinery, compressors and steam turbine generators. For instance, after overspeed, thrust is the most important protection measurement. When only two thrust position sensors are implemented, monitoring thrust bearing temperature provides an additional level of confidence for identifying early thrust bearing wear and machine malfunctions, and results in fewer missed trips.
In journal bearings, temperature measurements complement the radial vibration monitoring to help confirm bearing rubs and lubricating oil issues, allowing for scheduling of repairs during normally planned outages.
"By simplifying hardware for monitoring bearing temperature, more users are able to take advantage of these critical measurements," said Brian Humes, general manager for Emerson's Machinery Health Management business. "The combination of vibration and temperature monitoring enables plant personnel to make informed decisions that can increase the safety and profitability of their facility."
In keeping with the API 670 specification, the A6630 has six or fewer channels per module, 4-20mA outputs, and includes relay logic for voting and automatic machine trips. Additionally, the CSI 6630 is hot swappable and supports the Easy Integration feature for fast connection to the DeltaV™ and Ovation™ process automation systems.
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A Quick Cure If You're Feeling Dangerously Impulsive: Look At Some Nature
Want to put a stop to hasty decisions? Contemplating nature—even just images on your computer—could provide the self-control boost you need.
[Image: Moraine Lake via Shutterstock]
Next time you're about to send off a nasty email or buy something completely unnecessary on Amazon, stop and take a look at a photo of the forest. It might just make you reconsider.
A study from researchers at Utah State University has found that visual exposure to natural environments decreases impulsiveness—even if that exposure is just an image on a computer screen inside a lab. Past studies have found that the natural environment has positive effects on attention, happiness, and mood, but this is the first piece of research to look at how natural scenes affect impulsivity.
The study used a common test of impulsivity, called delay discounting to see how participants are affected by natural scenes. The researchers tried to see whether a participant would choose to immediately receive a small reward instead of getting a larger reward later.
Almost 200 undergraduate students came to a computer lab and viewed photos of either the natural world, the built environment, or, as a control group, photos of geometric shapes. After viewing numerous photos, a choice popped up on the computer screen, asking whether they would rather have a smaller amount of money now or a larger amount later. That choice popped up multiple times for each participant, with the amount of money and time varying based on their past answers.
In the end, researchers found statistically significant evidence that people exposed to images of natural environments are more self-controlled than people exposed to images of the built environment or the control environment. "It was a brief exposure—overall, less than 10 minutes on a computer screen, not an immersion in the environment," says Kerry Jordan, one of the researchers in the study, "We know that virtual views of nature can help us be healthier and restore attention, but other studies have shown immersion works even better."
It's probable, then, that people with constant access to nature can control their impulsivity better than nature-deprived city dwellers (lots of city dwellers have access to nature too, of course). Even making small changes to an indoor office, like adding plants, could decrease impulsivity.
The Utah State researchers don't know exactly why exposure to nature cuts down on impulsivity, but they have some theories. There could a be a mood difference between people looking at natural and built environment scenes. Perhaps perceptions of time have something to do with it (people often say that time seems to slow down when they're in nature, and slowed-down time perception could make longer gratification delays seem shorter). Jordan believes the most likely possibility is our increased capacity for attention when gazing at nature—the more we pay attention, the more we can think about the consequences of our decisions.
Jordan suspects that mood doesn't play a part in the equation. "People in better moods are usually more impulsive decision-makers. If that were the case, people should have been making more impulsive decisions," she says.
Next, the researchers plan to look at the effect that time perception has on impulsivity, and what happens when you expose people to photos of nature and the built environment in succession—more like the real world.
"It's an important area of research in part because it's such an easy intervention," says Jordan.


_date(@article.published_at)}"

 # spec/views/articles/show.html.haml_spec.rb
 describe 'articles/show.html.html' do
 it 'displays the formatted date of article publishing'
 article = mock_model(Article, published_at: Date.new(2012, 01, 01))
 assign(:article, article)

 template.stub(:formatted_date).with(article.published_at).and_return '01.01.2012'

 render
 rendered.should have_content('Published at: 01.01.2012')
 end
 end

 - The helpers specs are separated from the view specs in the spec/helpers directory.
Controllers
 - Mock the models and stub their methods. Testing the controller should not depend on the model creation.
 - Test only the behaviour the controller should be responsible about:
 - Execution of particular methods
 - Data returned from the action - assigns, etc.
 - Result from the action - template render, redirect, etc.
 # Example of a commonly used controller spec
 # spec/controllers/articles_controller_spec.rb
 # We are interested only in the actions the controller should perform
 # So we are mocking the model creation and stubbing its methods
 # And we concentrate only on the things the controller should do

 describe ArticlesController do
 # The model will be used in the specs for all methods of the controller
 let(:article) { mock_model(Article) }

 describe 'POST create' do
 before { Article.stub(:new).and_return(article) }

 it 'creates a new article with the given attributes' do
 Article.should_receive(:new).with(title: 'The New Article Title').and_return(article)
 post :create, message: { title: 'The New Article Title' }
 end

 it 'saves the article' do
 article.should_receive(:save)
 post :create
 end

 it 'redirects to the Articles index' do
 article.stub(:save)
 post :create
 response.should redirect_to(action: 'index')
 end
 end
 end

 - Use context when the controller action has different behaviour depending on the received params.
 # A classic example for use of contexts in a controller spec is creation or update when the object saves successfully or not.

 describe ArticlesController do
 let(:article) { mock_model(Article) }

 describe 'POST create' do
 before { Article.stub(:new).and_return(article) }

 it 'creates a new article with the given attributes' do
 Article.should_receive(:new).with(title: 'The New Article Title').and_return(article)
 post :create, article: { title: 'The New Article Title' }
 end

 it 'saves the article' do
 article.should_receive(:save)
 post :create
 end

 context 'when the article saves successfully' do
 before { article.stub(:save).and_return(true) }

 it 'sets a flash[:notice] message' do
 post :create
 flash[:notice].should eq('The article was saved successfully.')
 end

 it 'redirects to the Articles index' do
 post :create
 response.should redirect_to(action: 'index')
 end
 end

 context 'when the article fails to save' do
 before { article.stub(:save).and_return(false) }

 it 'assigns @article' do
 post :create
 assigns[:article].should be_eql(article)
 end

 it 're-renders the "new" template' do
 post :create
 response.should render_template('new')
 end
 end
 end
 end

Models
 - Do not mock the models in their own specs.
 - Use fabrication to make real objects.
 - It is acceptable to mock other models or child objects.
 - Create the model for all examples in the spec to avoid duplication.
 describe Article
 let(:article) { Fabricate(:article) }
 end

 - Add an example ensuring that the fabricated model is valid.
 describe Article
 it 'is valid with valid attributes' do
 article.should be_valid
 end
 end

 - Add a separate describe for each attribute which has validations.
 describe Article
 describe '#title'
 it 'is required' do
 article.title = nil
 article.should_not be_valid
 end
 end
 end

 - When testing uniqueness of a model attribute, name the other object another_object.
 describe Article
 describe '#title'
 it 'is unique' do
 another_article = Fabricate.build(:article, title: article.title)
 another_article.should_not be_valid
 end
 end
 end

Mailers
 - The model in the mailer spec should be mocked. The mailer should not depend on the model creation.
 - The mailer spec should verify that:
 - the subject is correct
 - the receiver e-mail is correct
 - the e-mail is sent to the right e-mail address
 - the e-mail contains the required information
 describe SubscriberMailer
 let(:subscriber) { mock_model(Subscription, email: '_EMAIL_', name: 'John Doe') }

 describe 'successful registration email'
 subject { SubscriptionMailer.successful_registration_email(subscriber) }

 its(:subject) { should == 'Successful Registration!' }
 its(:from) { should == ['_EMAIL_'] }
 its(:to) { should == [subscriber.email] }

 it 'contains the subscriber name' do
 subject.body.encoded.should match(subscriber.name)
 end
 end
 end

Uploaders
 - What we can test about an uploader is whether the images are resized correctly. Here is a sample spec of a carrierwave image uploader:
 # rspec/uploaders/person_avatar_uploader_spec.rb
 require 'spec_helper'
 require 'carrierwave/test/matchers'

 describe PersonAvatarUploader do
 include CarrierWave::Test::Matchers

 # Enable images processing before executing the examples
 before(:all) do
 UserAvatarUploader.enable_processing = true
 end

 # Create a new uploader. The model is mocked as the uploading and resizing images does not depend on the model creation.
 before(:each) do
 @uploader = PersonAvatarUploader.new(mock_model(Person).as_null_object)
 @uploader.store!(File.open(path_to_file))
 end

 # Disable images processing after executing the examples
 after(:all) do
 UserAvatarUploader.enable_processing = false
 end

 # Testing whether image is no larger than given dimensions
 context 'the default version' do
 it 'scales down an image to be no larger than 256 by 256 pixels' do
 @uploader.should be_no_larger_than(256, 256)
 end
 end

 # Testing whether image has the exact dimensions
 context 'the thumb version' do
 it 'scales down an image to be exactly 64 by 64 pixels' do
 @uploader.thumb.should have_dimensions(64, 64)
 end
 end
 end

Further Reading
There are a few excellent resources on Rails style, that you should consider if you have time to spare:
Contributing
Nothing written in this guide is set in stone. It's my desire to work together with everyone interested in Rails coding style, so that we could ultimately create a resource that will be beneficial to the entire Ruby community.
Feel free to open tickets or send pull requests with improvements. Thanks in advance for your help!
Spread the Word
A community-driven style guide is of little use to a community that doesn't know about its existence. Tweet about the guide, share it with your friends and colleagues. Every comment, suggestion or opinion we get makes the guide just a little bit better. And we want to have the best possible guide, don't we?
Something went wrong with that request. Please try again.


text:
Tom the cat is chasing Jerry the mouse across the surface of a
table 1.5 m above the floor. Jerry steps out of the way at the last
second, and Tom slides off the edge of the table at a speed of 5.7
m/s. Where will Tom strike the floor?
What velocity components will he have just before he hits? (Use a
coordinate system in which up is positive.)
x direction =? m/s
y direction=? m/s

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
The next time you're about to order some calorie-bomb at a restaurant, pay attention to how loud the music is. Because the two things might be linked...
A new study in Sweden found loud music in restaurants makes us more likely to choose unhealthy menu options. And we're more likely to go with something healthy like a salad when the music ISN'T so loud.
Researchers went to a café and played music at different decibel levels to see how it affected what people ordered. Either 55 decibels, which is like background chatter or the hum from a refrigerator... or 70 decibels, which is closer to a vacuum cleaner.
And when they cranked it to up 70, people were 20% more likely to order something unhealthy, like a burger and fries.
They did it over the course of several days and kept getting the same results. So the study seems pretty legit.
The explanation is pretty simple. Basically, soft music is calming, and louder music gets us amped up. It even increases our heart rate. And that can impact our decision-making.


Singapore CMS Web Design
Gary Consulting Group - Singapore CMS Web Design
Timely Support and Clarity in your journey to harness the power of the internet
Email:
_EMAIL_
Call:
_PHONE_
General Understanding of the ezpublish architecture PDF Print E-mail
User Rating: / 1
PoorBest
Sunday, 25 January 2009 22:47
In the very core of the ezPublish content management system is a tree structure. This architecture is not immediately apparent when you examine the database tables in the MySql server, so to make things I will explain the structure below.
Contents are maintained as nodes in the tree corresponding to a record in the ezcontentobject_tree table.
Each record in the ezcontentobject_tree table corresponds to a record in the ezcontentobject. The ezcontentobject determines the kind of content this node is.
ezcontentobject corresponds to a record in the ezcontenclass which is the declare content type.
The ezcontenclass is described by multiple records in the ezcontentobject_attribute.
Likewise each ezcontentobject is described by corresponding records in the ezcontentobject_attribute.
Understanding the concept of how contents are stored in ezPublish is essential to extending ezPublish for your own specific requirements and needs

Tuesday, 27th Jun 2017
Content Management System powered by Gary from Name1Price.com


text:
Last Updated on by Sabina
Polydactyl cats, with their unique and adorable extra toes, have captured the hearts of many cat enthusiasts around the world. These charming felines possess a genetic anomaly that results in more than the usual number of toes on their paws. Adding an element of intrigue to their already captivating presence.
The Genetic Wonder: Unraveling the Origins of Polydactyl Cats
Polydactylism, or having extra toes, is a genetic mutation that can occur in cats. Believers attribute the origin of polydactylism to a natural genetic variation that occurred centuries ago. Polydactyl cats can have various numbers of extra toes. Ranging from one or two to as many as seven on each paw. This enchanting anomaly adds to the uniqueness and allure of these extraordinary felines.
Pawful Paws: The Adorable Appeal of Polydactyl Cat Feet
The defining feature of polydactyl cats is, of course, their adorable and sometimes seemingly oversized paws. These paws can resemble mittens or snowshoes, giving polydactyl cats a distinctive and charming appearance. The extra toes do not hinder their mobility or agility; in fact. They often enhance their dexterity. Allowing them to perform remarkable feats with their paws that can amuse and astonish their human companions.
A Rich History: Polydactyl Cats and Their Maritime Connection
Polydactyl cats have a fascinating historical association with seafaring communities, particularly in regions like New England and the British Isles. Sailors highly valued these cats due to the belief that the extra toes on their paws. Provided them with increased balance and dexterity aboard ships. Polydactyl cats are commonly found in coastal areas with seafaring traditions. Where people continue to celebrate them as symbols of good luck and companionship.
Charming Personalities: The Endearing Traits of Polydactyl Cats
Beyond their unique physical feature, people adore polydactyl cats for their delightful personalities, often describing them as friendly, sociable, and affectionate companions. Polydactyl cats possess a gentle and playful nature, and their extra toes seem to amplify their charm. These cats possess intelligence and adaptability, making them wonderful additions to households of all kinds, including families, individuals, and multi-pet households.
Nurturing and Care: Catering to the Needs of Polydactyl Cats
Caring for a polydactyl cat involves providing them with the same love, attention, and basic care as any other cat. Regular veterinary check-ups, a balanced diet, and engaging playtime are essential for their overall well-being. Due to their extra toes, their nails may require more frequent trimming to prevent overgrowth or discomfort. It is also important to provide them with appropriate scratching posts and toys to help keep their claws in good condition.
Polydactyl Cat Breeds
While polydactylism, or extra toes, can occur in any cat breed, there are a few breeds that have a higher prevalence of polydactyl individuals. Here are some polydactyl cat breeds:
The Maine Coon breed has gained recognition for its large size and tufted ears, while also being associated with a higher incidence of polydactylism. Seafaring communities have intertwined their history with polydactyl Maine Coons, highly valuing them for their purported abilities to navigate ships and catch rodents.
Originating in the United States, breeders selectively bred the American Polydactyl breed to maintain and perpetuate the polydactyl trait. Breeders intentionally bred these cats to ensure the continuation of the extra-toe characteristic. They exhibit a range of coat colors and patterns and some cat registries recognize them as a distinct breed.
The Pixie-Bob, a breed that originated in the United States, is known for its wild appearance and bobcat-like characteristics. While not all Pixie-Bobs are polydactyl, some individuals within the breed exhibit this trait, adding to their unique appeal.
While they are less common, one can occasionally find polydactyl Ragdolls within the breed. Ragdolls, admired for their large size, gentle temperament, and semi-longhair coats, are a popular choice among cat enthusiasts.
British Shorthair: While not as prevalent as in some other breeds, polydactylism can occasionally occur in British Shorthair cats. Cat enthusiasts admire this breed for its round face, dense coat, and stocky build, and the presence of extra toes adds an interesting twist to their already charming appearance.
How Rare are Polydactyl Cats
People consider polydactyl cats relatively rare compared to cats with the typical number of toes.The prevalence of polydactylism varies depending on the geographical location and specific cat populations. In some areas, such as certain coastal regions or communities with historical ties to polydactyl cats, the occurrence of polydactylism may be more common.
It's challenging to determine the exact prevalence of polydactyl cats since it can occur sporadically in any breed or mixed-breed cats. Estimates suggest that polydactyl cats make up around 2-5% of the general cat population. However, in specific breeds with a higher incidence of polydactylism, such as the Maine Coon or American Polydactyl, the occurrence may be more frequent.
It's important to note that the rarity of polydactyl cats adds to their unique appeal and desirability for those who appreciate their distinctive physical feature. Many cat lovers find the extra toes of polydactyl cats to be endearing and seek them out specifically for their charm and individuality.


Universiteit Leiden
nl en
A History of Dutch Corruption and Public Morality (_PHONE_)
A History of Dutch Corruption and Morality showcases 300 years of change, continuity, and diversity in the history of Dutch political corruption and public morality. It analyses a series of corruption scandals and shows how the following debates were connected to the big changes of that time: from the Dutch Republic, to the Age of Enlightenment and the Batavian Revolution into the era of the modern parliamentary democracy.
Toon Kerkhoff, Ronald Kroeze, Pieter Wagenaar & Michel Hoenderboom
04 August 2020
The book showcases a large variety in what was considered to be corruption: bailiffs accepting personal payment to buy off a prosecution; tax gatherers withholding money; mayors dividing jobs between themselves; money from the war chest disappearing into private pockets journalists receiving bribes; preventing political friends from being prosecuted. These matters were not incidents and preventative measures were taken, ranging from a ban on gifts to laws on official bribery. Even democracy and modern bureaucracy in itself were seen as corruption prevention measures. Yet many forms of corruption were tolerated, often as a result of political administrative circumstances. This book addressing good and bad governance and corrupt public officers provides insight into a fascinating history as well as the foundations on which the current political administrative system and its morality have been built. It shows, for instance, the strengths and weaknesses of the current Dutch approach on corruption. The book also offers a concise comparison with other European countries.
- Contrary to popular images of the corrupt regents of the Ancien Regime; there were in fact limits to what administrators were allowed to keep for themselves during the period of the Dutch Republic (_PHONE_).
- A shift can be detected from co-existing moral systems in early modern times to a more commonly shared single moral system in modern times;
- Corruption and public morale were continuously given meaning in a complex context of state formation, democratisation and the constantly shifting dividing line between public and private;
- Corruption prevention benefits most from the voicing popular grievances and protests of those who are left behind - often in the context of a scandal - against particularism (a small elite claiming power and means) and pro-universalism (towards a government based on justice and equality before the law);
- The modern democracy, that has been shaped by the constitutional amendment of 1848, is not free from corruption scandals, serious or otherwise;
- Prominent names from Dutch political history have been subject op corruption debates; from Stadtholder William V to Minister Van Maanen (King William I's most important minister); and from Thorbecke to Kuyper;
- What is perceived as corruption changes continuously. Even though many existing studies and corruption prevention organisations claim otherwise by emphasising the timeless and universal definitions of corruptions. This study challenges the reader to take a fresh look at the ingrained assumptions claiming unjustly that through the ages corruption in the 'Northern' Netherlands can be seen as isolated incidents.
- The administration of the colonies and the actions of the Dutch trade and industry were also frequently cause for intense corruption debates in Dutch politics.
Current affairs
- President Trump preventing an ally to go to jail due to political reasons; the former Dutch ambassador to Nigeria being forced to resign for passing on sensitive information to private companies such as Shell, despite of his public function; customs inspectors at the Port of Rotterdam allowing drugs to pass in exchange for money; tax privileges and rulings for those people with the right contacts and enough money to be able to afford lawyers; politicians and civil servants making the wrong choices; this study helps to understand how corruption comes into being and what can be done to prevent it;
- The study shows why certain behaviours are considered problematic today by demonstrating that thinking about present-day good governance is based on public values and morals that have a long history in continuity, change, and diversity. The current meaning and appreciation of, for instance, representation, neutrality, or legitimacy did not come from nowhere;
- The study is relevant and on trend because it shows that over the centuries corruption keeps re-emerging in different forms. Making the need for corruption prevention an ongoing cause for concern. Which is why politicians and the public should remain vigilant in what they perceive as legitimate use of public offices and means. Corruption prevention is never 'finished', because the context of good and bad behaviour will continue to change;
- The study shows that so-called 'one-size-fits-all' assumptions about corruption prevention and integrity are historically incorrect and provide poor advice for today's situation. In order to understand corruption, the specific political and socio-economical context of the moment should be analysed carefully. Only then can you create an understanding of effective preventative measures, which can also be applied within a European or global context. Stereotypes about the integrity of the 'North' and the corruption in the 'South' are clouding the real issues 'here' and 'there'. What has proven to be successful in one country can easily lead to failure in the next.
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}{\epsilon_0}} \frac{\gamma}{i\,\omega\,\mu}\right|^2} $
Now the time averaged power per unit area incident on the interface (by calculating the Poynting vector) is:
$\frac{1}{2}\sqrt{\frac{\epsilon_0}{\mu_0}} |E_i|^2$
so that the momentum transferred to the metal for each unit of incident energy is:
$\frac{2\,\mathrm{Im}(\gamma)\,\sigma}{\omega\,\mathrm{Re}(\gamma) \left|1 + \sqrt{\frac{\mu_0}{\epsilon_0}} \frac{\gamma}{i\,\omega\,\mu}\right|^2} \sqrt{\frac{\mu_0}{\epsilon_0}} $
This is the ratio we seek. For the case $\sigma\rightarrow \infty$ this ratio approaches $\frac{2}{c}\frac{\mu}{\mu_0}$. For $\mu = \mu_0$, this is twice the value calculated in methods 1 and 2 because the infinite conductivity excludes the field from the metal, there is no loss and light is reflected without loss. So, just as there is an impulse $2\,p_z$ transferred to a wall by an elastic bounce of a ball initially with momentum with component $p_z$ into the wall, so too the impulse transferred to the mirror from energy $W$ is twice the momentum of the incoming light, i.e. $\frac{2\,W}{c}$.
Now we let $\sigma\rightarrow 0$ so that $\gamma\approx -i \,\omega\,\sqrt{\mu\,\epsilon} + \frac{1}{2}\sqrt{\frac{\mu}{\epsilon}} \sigma$. I'll finish this case later, but it yields the same answer as methods 1 and 2 when $\mu = \mu_0$ and $\epsilon = \epsilon_0$, i.e. the light passes without reflexion into a weakly conducting medium and is absorbed.
Maxwell's equations are not consistent with Galilean relativity. They are implicitly relativistic. In relativity, the definition of mass is $m^2=E^2-p^2$. For a ray of light, $m=0$, so $E=|p|$.
 - $\begingroup$ So, just for the OP's benefit (although this OP seems to lose interest in his questions and not give too much feedback), there never was a version of electromagnetism that had to be upgraded to account for relativity. Indeed, historically, EM's Lorentz covariance that jarred with everything else and forced special relativity to be born. $\endgroup$ – Selene Routley Sep 29 '13 at 10:00
Your Answer


Khorfakkan Youth Center
Khorfakkan Youth Center
 - Throughout the year: 5:00 pm to 8:00 pm.
 - Holy month of Ramadan: 9:30 pm to 11:30 pm.
Telephone: 092385207
Khorfakkan Youth Center opened its doors in 2005, and it offers several activities within five main tracks: Literature and Languages, Science and Technology, Entrepreneurship, Arts, and Sports.
The center offers a number of activities in the area of Literature and Languages including reading, appreciation for literature, and other cultural activities such as writing short stories and poetry, debates, and a variety of literary elements. Youth can improve their reading habits and develop literary and critical skills.
As for the Science and Technology track, it offers activities related to robotics, programming, scientific inventions, and innovation.
In the field of Entrepreneurship, the center offers many activities related to leadership and personal development, in addition to human capital investment, financial investment, volunteerism, and developing initiatives. Youth entrepreneurs will have the opportunity to acquire the skills needed to solve problems, communicate effectively and initiate initiatives.
In the field of Arts, youth can benefit from a variety of activities such as music, visual and plastic arts, theater, and cinema.
In the field of Sports, the center's facilities are an integral part of its offerings, with many activities available. These include indoor football, swimming, water polo, table tennis, martial arts, and archery. Youth will have the opportunity to acquire the skills they need in a variety of sports.


Explore BrainMass
Business math key concepts
Business Math: discuss how the course has affected you in your professional and personal life, as well encouraging academic success.
Solution Preview
I will discuss key business math concepts such as time value of money, present value, opportunity cost etc.
The basic idea of time value of money is that a dollar today is worth more than a dollar tomorrow. (finance professor, 2009) The investor has time preference of money because he can reinvest the funds, which are received early and can earn additional money. Present value, is the future value being discounted by the rate of interest. This concept is important because the major financial objective of the organization "Wealth maximization" is based on present value concept. Wealth maximization is preferable to profit maximization as it is based on cash flow which is unambiguous and considers time value of money and risk.
Opportunity cost
As per net mba, Opportunity cost is based on what must be given up (the next best alternative) as a result of the decision. Any decision that involves a choice between two or more options has an opportunity cost. Hence opportunity cost is the cost of foregone choice. Example of Opportunity...
Solution Summary
Response discusses business math key concepts


Cristina ȘOȘEA Liliana POPESCU
Current migration processes require special assessment and attention due to their complexity and multiple socio-economic implications. The forms of international migration have only recently intensified in Romania due to the barriers imposed by the former communist regime, but their influence on population dynamics is certainly significant and the effects on national economy and demographic vitality of the country are undeniable. Although mainly recognized as an emigration country at the beginning of the post-communist period, Romania is recently going through a period of accentuated intensification of immigrant flows.
Starting with the 1990s, the share of immigrant flows in the net international migration balance has changed in dynamics, motivations, structure, specialization, forms, spatial intensity and consequences etc. This research presents a territorialized analysis of immigration to Romania in the period comprised between _PHONE_, which presents a high mediatic and scientific interest, given the volume and importance of the phenomenon.
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Manual:Hooks/ParserBeforeTidy
From MediaWiki.org
Jump to: navigation, search
ParserBeforeTidy
Available from version 1.5.0
Used to process the nearly-rendered html code for the page (but before any html tidying occurs)
Define function:
public static function onParserBeforeTidy( &$parser, &$text ) { ... }
Attach hook:
$wgHooks['ParserBeforeTidy'][] = 'MyExtensionHooks::onParserBeforeTidy';
Called from: Parser.php
For more information about attaching hooks, see Manual:Hooks.
For examples of extensions using this hook, see Category:ParserBeforeTidy extensions.
Details[edit | edit source]
$text will hold the text for the page. To change the page text, modify this value. E.g. to add the phrase "The mighty oracle gives forth this proclamation: " to the front of the page text, you would use the following code:
$text = "The mighty oracle gives forth this proclamation: " . $text;
See also[edit | edit source]


text:
From Ohio History Central
Marietta from Harmar Hill, by Charles Sullivan
Charles Sullivan was an important Ohio artist during the nineteenth century.
Born in Frankfort, Pennsylvania in 1794, Sullivan spent his youth in Pennsylvania. He began to study art in the 1810s. His most important teacher was Thomas Sully, an artist based in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Sullivan later opened his own studio in Philadelphia. In 1827, he moved to what is now Wheeling, West Virginia and in 1833, to Marietta, Ohio.
In Wheeling and Marietta, Sullivan became especially well known for his landscapes. His river scenes focused mainly on the Ohio River. He also made a number of paintings of Indian earthworks, especially in the vicinity of Marietta. Sullivan's paintings of the Marietta Earthworks provide valuable information since many of the earthworks are no longer in existence.
Sullivan resided in Marietta for the remainder of his life. He died in 1867.
The Ohio Historical Society's Campus Martius Museum in Marietta, Ohio contains examples of Charles Sullivan's work.


What to do when Subnautica crashes on launch?
Subnautica is a pretty demanding game that not every computer can play. It is quite another thing when the characteristics of the computer allow you to start the game, but it is constantly "exuded". Quite often after launching Subnautica on the PC, the initial boot screen appears and this ends everything. After the appearance of the screen with the version of the game, it crashes to the desktop.
Subnautica
The traditional solution – the driver update does not work in this case, because the players have the current version of Windows and drivers. One interesting feature of the problem is that if you launch the Task Manager during the launch of Subnautica, only a huge load on the video card is shown. As if the other system resources (processor, RAM and disk) are not involved at all. After closing the window with the game you have to manually stop the process, otherwise it continues to pull the video memory.
What could be the cause?
Possible primary sources of problems:
 - An excessively large number of saves within the game. This leads to the consumption of a significant amount of RAM and HDD space.
 - Not enough free RAM. Maybe the computer meets the minimum requirements, but it runs a lot of tasks. If the lack of RAM due to the work of other applications, it is enough to close them. There is another option – to increase the size of the paging file. When the RAM memory runs out, the system will begin to use the hard disk memory. The only drawback of the method is that HDD memory is much slower than RAM. During a heavy load on the system, the game may hang, but does not throw it on the initial screen.
How to fix the problem?
According to user feedback and support service responses, we managed to find out several effective ways to eliminate the failure.
Subnautica game
Roll back video driver
It is known that a bug appears more often with owners of Radeon video cards. The reason is a bug that appeared in driver version 18.5.1. The next beta version of the fix also did not follow, so it is better to return the video driver to the previous stable version. Usually the game starts working normally with driver 18.4.1. The necessary video driver can be found on the official website of the manufacturer, but it is better to simply roll back the changes.
How to roll back for NVidia and Radeon video cards:
 1. Make PCM using the "Start" button; among the list that appears, select "Device Manager".
 2. In the section "Video adapters" double click on the main video card.
 3. On the "Driver" tab click on the "Roll back driver" button.
 4. Specify the reason for the rollback and start the procedure with the "Yes" button.
If the video driver is unsuitable, you must manually download the previous stable version and put it into the system.
Turn off the integrated video card
On gaming laptops 2 video cards are always installed: integrated and discrete. The first is used to perform simple tasks. It does not differ in high performance, but it is much more economical to consume battery power.
Turn off the integrated video card
Discrete card is designed for games, graphic editors and other applications that require a lot of system resources. In order for Subnautica to work normally, you must manually tell the system that you need to use a discrete card to run this game.
How to setup:
 1. Right-click on the desktop and select "NVidia Control Panel" or similar for the Radeon.
 2. Go to the "Manage 3D settings" section.
 3. Click on the "Software Settings" tab.
 4. In the first paragraph, you need to specify the application for which the settings are changed.
 5. In the second step, "Choose your preferred graphics processor …", you should install a discrete video adapter.
 6. Apply changes, restart the computer.
Paging file extension
This method will help prevent critical play during peak times, but lags may appear instead. It is best to install an additional RAM card. It also happens that the game simply checks the amount of free memory and blocks its further work. Artificial increase in memory helps to completely get rid of problems with the game.
Algorithm of actions:
 1. Right-click on "This Computer" (the shortcut is on the desktop or in the "Start" menu) and select "Properties".
 2. Click on the item "Advanced system settings."
 3. In the "Performance" column, click on the "Parameters" button.
 4. Go to the tab "Advanced" and in the section "Virtual Memory" click on "Change".
 5. Remove the selection from "Automatically select volume …" and set the item "Specify size".
 6. Set the volume in megabytes equal to or greater than the amount of installed RAM.
Cleaning useless saves
If the problem arose due to the accumulation of savings, they can be very easily removed.
Step-by-step instruction:
 1. Open the folder with the game and go on the path Subnautica \ SNAppData \ SavedGames \.
 2. Each save is located within a separate directory. It remains only to select unnecessary saves and press the Del button on the keyboard.
All of the above should be enough for Subnautica to start working properly. This is usually what happens.
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Quick Answer: Are There Any Islands That Are Not Owned?
What's the cheapest island to buy?
According to Official eTA, the cheapest continent to purchase an island is South America, where the average cost per acre is $1,147.
There, the least expensive location (Chile) costs $405 an acre, while private islands Argentina can be picked up for as little as $867 per acre..
Who owns the most expensive island?
Does Beyonce own an island?
Yes. Beyonce Knowles-Carter owns an Island. Beyonce and Jay Z acquired a 360-acre wild island filled with tall hardwood trees, a natural harbour and lush scenery.
How many uninhabited islands are there?
million uninhabited islandsHow many uninhabited islands are there in the world? A. There may be as many as a couple million uninhabited islands in the world. Sweden, for instance, counts 221,831 islands within its borders, and only 1,145 have people living on them.
Can you claim an uninhabited island?
Thanks to a 19th century law, Americans can lay claim to any uninhabited island with birdshit on it.
Is there any unclaimed land in the US?
Is there anywhere on earth still unexplored?
Several mountains in Himalayan country Bhutan are believed to be unconquered, namely the world's largest unclimbed mountain: Gangkhar Puensum. Unexplored areas around the world also include small islands, such as Pitcairn Island off of New Zealand, and Palmerston Island in the South Pacific.
What is the most uninhabited place on earth?
Danakil Depression1. Ethiopia's Danakil Depression and its landscape, which consists of burning salt, volcanic rock, and sulfuric acid, is considered the most uninhabitable place on Earth.
Can I start my own country?
Creating a new country isn't as easy as you think. As tempting as it might be to declare your cubicle a sovereign state, customary international law actually does specify minimum standards for statehood. You must have a defined territory. … Your government must be capable of interacting with other states.
Can you claim an island in international waters?
What is the wealthiest island in the world?
Trinidad and Tobago. In addition to being the wealthiest country in the Caribbean region, the twin-island nation of Trinidad and Tobago has one of the highest per capita Gross Domestic Products (GDP) in the entire Western Hemisphere, coming third after the United States and Canada.
Are there any islands not claimed?
In 2014, author Alastair Bonnett described Bir Tawil as the only place on Earth that was habitable but was not claimed by any recognised government.
What states give free land?
Who survived the longest on a deserted island?
Could a billionaire buy a country?
What state has the cheapest land?
How much does 1 acre on the moon cost?
"There is a loophole in the treaty—it does not apply to individuals." Since then, he's sold more than 611 million acres of land on the moon. Individual, one-acre lots sell for $19.95 ($36.50 after a "lunar tax" and shipping and handling of the deed) and there are discounts for larger plots.
Who owns the largest private island?
The biggest island in our round-up, Lanai (aka Pineapple Island) is the sixth-largest of the Hawaiian islands. Oracle billionaire Larry Ellison owns a whopping 98% of the land on Lanai.
Do laws apply on private islands?
Virtually all islands in the world are claimed and governed by some national government. That nation's laws apply, and any attempt by the owner to claim sovereignty would generally be unrealistic. … Some islands can be bought undeveloped, while others already have roads and/or houses. Islands are also available for rent.
Can I build my own island in international waters?
It could be done, but it would be a major technical and financial effort. First, you'd have to locate your country-to-be outside of everyone else's 200-mile maritime Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZs). For reference, the areas open for development are those in white. Next, you'd have to build your island.
Can I buy an island and make it a country?


Grammatically forra is the third person in the conjugation of the verb torar. to cover is a transitive verb which means to cover something to protect or conserve it.
Colloquially forra is often used in aspects of money, for example, when someone gets rich. Example:
 - In that night job one prayed for money.
In Argentina forra is an unintelligent person, it can also be used to describe the treatment of certain people to others, such as with disdain, contempt or a person who does not inspire confidence, example:
 - Malena is an forra, she spoke ill of Maria behind her back.
Other contexts that the word forra can have are:
 - Person who is easily manipulated.
 - Selfish person, or who acts with bad intentions.
 - Sarcastic person.
Synonyms of Forra
 - Bootlicker
 - Boludo
 - Cover
 - Bad
 - Killjoy
In Chile forra is used to refer to the physical appearance of a woman.
Forra in Portuguese translated into Spanish is to cover, synonym of torar, verb from which the word forra in Spanish derives.
It should be noted that in grammar we are going to find that Forra is a feminine noun, which has its masculine counterpart that is lining and this will have very different concepts in different Spanish-speaking countries.


Grade 4: How did the First Nations display compassion for the European Settlers? (part 1)
This lesson can be integrated into a unit on understanding and showing compassion. Students will explore the ways in which the Aboriginal peoples showed compassion towards the early European explorers.
It is expected that student will:
 - Students will identify effects of early contact between Aboriginal societies and European explorers and settlers
 - Students will analyze factors that influenced early European exploration of North America
 - Describe Aboriginal peoples' relationship with the land and natural resources
 - Grade 4 Socials Studies textbookOur Beginnings Outlooks 4
Step 1: Have the students work in small groups to brainstorm the idea of compassion. What is it? How are they compassionate to others? How are other compassionate to them? How would life be different if people did not display this very important characteristic?
Step 2: As a class, read "A Second Voyage" pg. 141 in Our Beginnings, the Grade 4 Social Studies textbook aloud. Have a class discussion about scurvy and the role the First Nations and how their knowledge of their land and resources helped the survival of many European explorers and settlers.
Look for evidence of:
 - Student willingness to openly participate in group and class discussions
 - Student's ability to understand and identify positive impacts the First Nations had on European explorers and settlers.
 - Student's ability to display knowledge of Aboriginal people's relationship with the land and resources.
 - Create a Venn diagram that displays compassion and caring shown by the First Nations and European Settlers. The middle of the diagram will illustrate common acts of compassion between both parties.


text:
- Plesk Onyx for Linux
Is it possible to set an SSL certificate for a domain with "Forwarding" Hosting Type?
The functionality is not implemented in Plesk yet. Take part in our product improvement by referring to the following link:
As a workaround it is possible to go through one of the two the following possible ways:
Other website is hosted somewhere else
- Set the Hosting Type of the website to Website-Hosting.
- Remove all the files in the home httpdocs directory
- Create an
index.htmlfile and add the following content:
Your browser does not support frames.
Note: This will always redirect to HTTPS, even if the customer is visiting HTTP. Replace _URL_ with the appropriate URL.
Other website is hosted on the same server
Warning: the actions suggested below are not officially supported by Plesk, however it should work for some extent. Use them on one's own risk.
Create a forwarding domain with the Hosting Type Website Hosting inside subscription of the main domain. For example - main domain - example.com; forwarding domain - example2.com:
Plesk > Subscriptions > example.com > Add Domain
Add Let's Encrypt certificate to example2.com via Plesk > Subscriptions > example.com > example2.com > Let's Encrypt.
Connect to the server via SSH.
Remove the document root of the example2.com:
# rm -r /var/www/vhosts/example.com/example2.com
Create a symbolic link to document root of the main domain example.com:
# ln -s /var/www/vhosts/example.com/httpdocs /var/www/vhosts/example.com/example2.com
Change the ownership of newly created symbolic to match the owner of example.com.
# ls -ld /var/www/vhosts/example.com/httpdocs/
drwxr-x--- 19 jdoe psaserv 4096 Oct 9 22:56 /var/www/vhosts/example.com/httpdocs/
# chown -h jdoe:psaserv /var/www/vhosts/example.com/example2.com


text:
Demonstrate Empathy. Safeguard Loyalty.
Today, patients have many options for medical care, which is why making sure they are happy with their experience is critical in maintaining their loyalty. The patient billing process plays a critical role in that overall experience—and therefore should be monitored and evaluated to ensure your patients are receiving a positive result.
Apex offers a quick, easy to use survey that gives the feedback providers need to ensure a pleasant after-care experience. The feedback gained from our survey highlights positive attributes in the patient billing experience, and helps identify issues so action can be taken.
Patients Who Interact with Apex Report an Unmatched 95% Satisfaction
But we don't just sit around and pat ourselves on the back for that number. We're continuously analyzing the feedback of patients who aren't 100% satisified to understand what we can do to improve their experience. We look at feedback based on payment channel, balance due, demographics and other characteristics to truly help us understand where improvements are needed for specific patient populations. Continuously asking patients for their feedback is an essential step in tailoring the billing experience for all, and inspires ideas for future solution enhancements:
- Improve the billing process
- Improve the online experience
- Understand patient challenges so action can be taken
- Demonstrate empathy
- Increase satisfaction and loyalty


Saturday, May 17, 2008
Trivia question: What central bank speech is this from?
Which central bank staffperson said:
1 comment:
 1. This evening I would like to talk about central bank communication. There are plenty of people who probably think that 'central bank' and 'communication' are not expressions that are normally thought of as belonging together. Yet communication has become steadily more open, and more important, in the central banking world over the years. At one time, overnight interest rates used to be adjusted without announcement or explanation snugging was a popular term of the late. The market would generally take a few days, and the general public considerably longer, to work out what was happening when monetary policy was changing. They usually had to wait longer again for an explanation of why it was changing.
 Trivia Game Challenge


text:
No more fossil-fueled buildings in Bellingham
October 1, 2020
By Ingrid Archibald, SAFE Cities Field Organizer
Sorry to frighten you, but it's October now, which means it's time for tricks and treats. Ghosts, witches, and goblins are scary – but you know what shouldn't be? The buildings we work and live in.
Here's a spooky fact: burning gas in buildings (think: heating and gas stoves) is one of the biggest sources of climate pollution in Bellingham. Plus, gas-powered buildings have significantly worse indoor air quality than buildings that run on electricity.
But the sweet thing is that Bellingham can be the first city in Washington to build only all-electric, carbon-free new buildings.
Last year, the city's Climate Action Task Force put out a list of policies that City Council should pass to reduce Bellingham's climate impact and safeguard our future. One of these recommended actions is to make all new buildings electric, so that Bellingham builds clean, carbon-free buildings that won't rely on fossil fuels.
It's been nearly a year since the Task Force put forward its recommendations, but City Council hasn't made them into policy yet. Last month's deadly wildfires showcase just how urgently we need to get off fossil fuels to slow further climate disruption.
We can't afford to let any more time go by.
Burning gas pollutes our air, leaks harmful methane, and puts our buildings at risk of explosion. It's a bad idea to hook buildings up to fossil gas, especially when there's a better option.
It's time to build for the clean energy future…not the fossil-fueled past.
Bellingham can be a real climate leader, for Washington state and the nation. We know we have a real chance to pass this policy before the end of the year and create a livable future for our communities – but only if the Mayor and Council make it a priority.
To keep strong climate policies at the top of the City Council's agenda, we're building a grassroots movement to make Bellingham SAFE from fossil fuels. We're calling out fossil-fuelled lies about gas and calling on our leaders to pass bold policy that prioritizes our health and future.
The Stand.earth community is building a movement for a SAFE Bellingham because we believe in real community power. Together, we can phase out fossil fuels and build a clean energy future. But each of us simply can't do this alone – so let's work together to protect our future and make Bellingham the climate leader we need to be. For our community, for our children, and for our future.
Thanks for taking action to make Bellingham SAFE!
P.S. This is a grassroots movement, by and for the community. If you're interested in getting more involved, I'd love to work with you! Just shoot a message to _EMAIL_ and I'll reach out as soon as I can.


text:
The Toxic Crocodile is the main antagonist of the 1989 Italian horror film Killer Crocodile.
Illegal dumping of toxic waste in a swamp results in a massive, abnormally aggressive crocodile with a taste for human flesh.
The Toxic Crocodile is a large saltwater crocodile stretching over 30 feet in length.
Powers and Abilities
The Toxic Crocodile possesses the following powers and abilities:
- Sharp teeth
- Powerful muscles
- Armored body
The Toxic Crocodile is killed after it is cut up by a boat propeller.
- The film was shot back-to-back with its sequel.


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Creating a multi-step forms using ctools multistep wizard
18.04.2012
Creating a multi-step forms using ctools multistep wizard
Author:
In the previous post I gave an example of Ctools modal API as being operated with a single form. In this one you'll be given an insight into my web development experiences with another powerful tool, namely Ctools multistep wizard as being used with or without the modal API involvement.
Let's cut the lyrics about all those pretty-looking node, user, registration forms that are done with or without the help of this tool. The popups being used, this process will move to a higher visual level.
So, as usual, we start with hook_menu (). We declare the page which we will be calling a multi-step form and the page of the form itself:
/**
 * Implements hook_menu().
 */
function multi_example_menu() {
 $items['example/%ctools_js/form'] = array(
 'title' => 'Example form',
 'page callback' => 'multi_example_form',
 'page arguments' => array(1),
 'access callback' => TRUE,
 'type' => MENU_CALLBACK,
 );
 $items['example-link'] = array(
 'title' => 'Example form link',
 'page callback' => 'multi_example_link',
 'page arguments' => array(1),
 'access callback' => TRUE,
 'type' => MENU_CALLBACK,
 );
 return $items;
}
Functions that generate category:
/**
 * Page callback: Handles multistep precessing.
 *
 * @return string
 * Multistep wizard output.
 *
 * @see multi_example_menu()
 */
function multi_example_form($js = NULL, $step = NULL) {
 if ($js) {
 ctools_include('modal');
 ctools_include('ajax');
 }
 // Define array for ctools multistep wizard.
 $form_info = array(
 'id' => 'multi_example',
 'path' => "example/" . ($js ? 'ajax' : 'nojs') . "/form/%step",
 'show trail' => TRUE,
 'show back' => TRUE,
 'show cancel' => TRUE,
 'show return' => FALSE,
 'next callback' => 'multi_example_wizard_next',
 'finish callback' => 'multi_example_wizard_finish',
 'cancel callback' => 'multi_example_wizard_cancel',
 // Define forms order.
 'order' => array(
 'start' => t('Enter your info'),
 'second' => t('What do you know?'),
 'third' => t('What do think about drupal?'),
 'fourth' => t('Do you like cookies?'),
 ),
 // Define forms
 'forms' => array(
 'start' => array(
 'form id' => 'multi_example_form_start'
 ),
 'second' => array(
 'form id' => 'multi_example_form_second'
 ),
 'third' => array(
 'form id' => 'multi_example_form_third'
 ),
 'fourth' => array(
 'form id' => 'multi_example_form_fourth'
 ),
 ),
 );
 // We're not using any real storage here, so we're going to set our
 // object_id to 1. When using wizard forms, id management turns
 // out to be one of the hardest parts. Editing an object with an id
 // is easy, but new objects don't usually have ids until somewhere
 // in creation.
 //
 // We skip all this here by just using an id of 1.
 $object_id = 1;
 if (empty($step)) {
 // We reset the form when $step is NULL because that means they have
 // for whatever reason started over.
 multi_example_cache_clear($object_id);
 $step = 'start';
 }
 // This automatically gets defaults if there wasn't anything saved.
 $object = multi_example_cache_get($object_id);
 // live $form_state changes.
 $form_state = array(
 'ajax' => $js,
 // Put our object and ID into the form state cache so we can easily find it.
 'object_id' => $object_id,
 'object' => &$object,
 );
 // Send this all off to our form. This is like drupal_get_form only wizardy.
 ctools_include('wizard');
 $form = ctools_wizard_multistep_form($form_info, $step, $form_state);
 $output = drupal_render($form);
 if ($js) {
 // If javascript is active, we have to use a render array.
 $commands = array();
 if ($output === FALSE || !empty($form_state['complete'])) {
 // Dismiss the modal.
 $commands[] = ajax_command_html('#ctools-sample', render(multi_example_get_result($object)));
 $commands[] = ctools_modal_command_dismiss();
 }
 elseif (!empty($form_state['cancel'])) {
 // If cancelling, return to the activity.
 $commands[] = ctools_modal_command_dismiss();
 }
 else {
 $commands = ctools_modal_form_render($form_state, $output);
 }
 print ajax_render($commands);
 }
 else {
 if ($output === FALSE || !empty($form_state['complete'])) {
 return render(multi_example_get_result($object)) . "\n\r" . l(t('Back'), 'example-link');
 }
 elseif (!empty($form_state['cancel'])) {
 drupal_goto('example-link');
 }
 else {
 return $output;
 }
 }
}
We need some place to keep the interim results in. For this the cache is being used by Ctools:
/**
 * Clears the wizard cache.
 *
 * @param integer $id
 * cache id.
 */
function multi_example_cache_clear($id) {
 ctools_include('object-cache');
 ctools_object_cache_clear('multi_example', $id);
}
/**
 * Stores our little cache so that we can retain data from form to form.
 *
 * @param integer $id
 * cache id.
 * @param object $object
 * object with form values.
 */
function multi_example_cache_set($id, $object) {
 ctools_include('object-cache');
 ctools_object_cache_set('multi_example', $id, $object);
}
/**
 * Gets the current object from the cache, or default.
 *
 * @param integer $id
 * cache id.
 *
 * @return object
 * cache with stored stuff.
 */
function multi_example_cache_get($id) {
 ctools_include('object-cache');
 $object = ctools_object_cache_get('multi_example', $id);
 if (!$object) {
 // Create a default object.
 $object = new stdClass;
 }
 return $object;
}
We also need separate functions reserved for "Continue", "Cancel", "Finish" buttons:
/**
 * Handles the 'next' click on the add/edit pane form wizard.
 *
 * All we need to do is store the updated pane in the cache.
 */
function multi_example_wizard_next(&$form_state) {
 multi_example_cache_set($form_state['object_id'], $form_state['object']);
}
/**
 * Handles the 'finish' click on teh add/edit pane form wizard.
 *
 * All we need to do is set a flag so the return can handle adding
 * the pane.
 */
function multi_example_wizard_finish(&$form_state) {
 $form_state['complete'] = TRUE;
}
/**
 * Handles the 'cancel' click on the add/edit pane form wizard.
 */
function multi_example_wizard_cancel(&$form_state) {
 $form_state['cancel'] = TRUE;
}
Here are the forms proper, with the processed values herein:
/**
 * Generates


text:
Structural health monitoring (SHM) is important for reducing the maintenance and operation cost of safety-critical components and systems in offshore wind turbines. This paper proposes an in situ wireless SHM system based on an acoustic emission (AE) technique. By using this technique a number of challenges are introduced due to high sampling rate requirements, limitations in the communication bandwidth, memory space, and power resources. To overcome these challenges, this paper focused on two elements: (1) the use of an in situ wireless SHM technique in conjunction with the utilization of low sampling rates; (2) localization of acoustic sources which could emulate impact damage or audible cracks caused by different objects, such as tools, bird strikes, or strong hail, all of which represent abrupt AE events and could affect the structural health of a monitored wind turbine blade. The localization process is performed using features extracted from aliased AE signals based on a developed constraint localization model. To validate the performance of these elements, the proposed system was tested by testing the localization of the emulated AE sources acquired in the field.
- sound fields
- wind turbines