text:
— July 2002
|This popular port is a living museum and a window to America's seafaring past.|
Mystic's lifeblood has been the sea since its settlement in the 1600's. Some 600 vessels were built on its shores between 1784 and 1919, and most of its citizens were shipwrights who worked their farms in the summer and spent the rest of the year building the sloops and schooners that plied the rich New England waters as well as those of the southern states and the Caribbean.
Long an important fishing and whaling port, Mystic changed in 1838 when George Clark and Thomas Greenman set up their shipbuilding business on what would become the site of the Mystic Seaport Museum. Over the next 40 years, the Greenman yard launched almost 100 vessels, including sloops, clipper ships, and steamboats. The nearby Mallory shipyard, now the museum's restoration yard, also built clippers and steamboats.
American's inexorable tie to the sea is nowhere more evident than in Mystic. It's one of my favorite destinations while cruising in New England, and after you stop by, it will surely become one of yours.
TO GET THERE
This article originally appeared in the January 2003 issue of Power & Motoryacht magazine.


1930 Ponca Census Extraction
An extraction of the 1930 Indian Census for the Ponca tribe of the Ponca Reservation in South Dakota. In 1930 there were 398 members that fell under the jurisdiction of the Yankton Agency. Most of them still resided within the Ponca Reservation, but some had moved elsewhere and are so indicated within the actual census images. This extraction provides their given names, surnames, sometimes the maiden name, age, and sex of each tribal member.


text:
Often banks need to send large amount of data to outside vendors to perform data analysis. It is safer to mask sensitive data items such as credit card numbers, social security numbers, etc. The following is one approach to securely mask credit card numbers. 1. Generate a random number for each credit card number. 2. Generate a rank for each random number using row_number(). 3. Generate the masked credit card number based on the rank. Step 1. create table tbl_card_w_rand_num as select card_number, dbms_random.random() rnd from tbl_cards; Step 2. Generate the masked credit card numbers based on the rank of random numbers. Keep this table in a safe place.
create table tbl_masked_card_num as with tbl as( select a.*, row_number() over(order by rnd) rnk from tbl_card_w_rand_num a) select a.*, 'A'||lpad( rnk,15,'0') masked_card_num from tbl a;Step 3. Create data using masked_card_num

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Have you ever sipped a shrub? Not a bush, but a fruit syrup, preserved with vinegar and mixed with water or alcohol to make a tangy, refreshing beverage. An old-fashioned favorite, shrubs have steadily made a comeback, especially on cocktail menus, but they aren't solely the province of mixologists. Making a shrub syrup at home is a fun way to preserve and play with seasonal fruit, and this template may be followed for practically any fruit you have on hand. In addition to drinks, you can use the brightly flavored syrup in salad dressings, as a glaze for meats, or add a splash to homemade jam.
The word "shrub" is derived from the Arabic sharbah, which means "a drink." "Sherbet" and "syrup" also come from this Arabic root. Although drinking vinegars aren't so common today, they have a long history stretching back to the Babylonians, who added date vinegar to water to make it safe to drink, and the Romans, who mixed vinegar and water to make a beverage called posca. Colonial-era sailors carried shrubs, rich with Vitamin C, aboard their boats to prevent scurvy. Shrubs also gained popularity during the Temperance movement and many 19th and early 20th century housekeeping manuals contain recipes for them.
Although there are several different methods for making shrubs, the most common process involves creating a fruit-flavored vinegar and sweetening it with sugar. The acetic acid in vinegar acts as a preserving agent, so shrubs were – and still are – a delicious way to enjoy seasonal fruit juices year-round. I love experimenting with different combinations of fruit and vinegar to make these flavorful syrups.
Because vinegar is high in acid, it does not support the growth of the bacteria that produces botulism. However, some vinegars may support the growth of other harmful bacteria, so cleanliness and proper storage is important. There are faster, easier shrub instructions out there, but I believe this one to be more reliable in terms of rich flavor and long-term keeping.
What You Need
Basic formula: Use 2 cups fruit per 1 pint vinegar. Sweeten with 1 1/2 to 2 cups sugar (level of sweetness is up to personal preference).
Fruit: Berries are perhaps the finest fruit for shrubs, but cherries, peaches, plums, pears, and other fruits may be used. They should be ripe and sweet, yet they do not need to be perfect; this is a great opportunity to use farmers' market "seconds" and any fruit that is abundantly in season. Fruit should be thoroughly washed and may be peeled, chopped, or lightly crushed to shorten the infusing process. Ginger, citrus peel, or even peppercorns may also be added for flavor.
Vinegar: Any vinegar may be used, as long as it is labeled at least 5% acidity. Distilled white vinegar has a clear, sharp flavor; apple cider vinegar tends to be milder with a fruity flavor; and wine vinegars, while more expensive, often provide a superior smooth flavor. Balsamic vinegar is delicious with cherries and strawberries.
Sugar: White granulated sugar provides a neutral sweetness; brown and raw sugars may also be used.
Clean hands and tools are a must!
Glass container with a lid or cap (a quart mason jar works well)
Measuring cups (liquid and dry)
Funnels (useful, but not required)
Clean kitchen cloth or paper towel
Fine cheesecloth or coffee filter
1. Sterilize the container: Wash the container in hot, soapy water and rinse thoroughly. Submerge in a pot of warm water to cover by 1 to 2 inches, bring to a boil, and boil for 10 minutes. For the lid or cap, wash it in hot, soapy water, rinse well, and scald in boiling water.
2. Add the fruit: Carefully remove the container from the pot using canning jar lifters or tongs. Place the fruit in the container.
3. Add the vinegar: Place the vinegar in a saucepan and heat to just below the boiling point, or at least 190°F. Pour the vinegar over the fruit, leaving at least 1/4-inch headspace. Wipe the rim with a clean, damp cloth, and cap tightly.
4. Let it stand: Let the container cool undisturbed and then store it in a cool, dark place such as a cupboard or the refrigerator. Let it stand at least 24 hours and up to 4 weeks until the desired flavor is reached.
5. Strain it: Strain it through a damp cheesecloth or coffee filter one or more times until the vinegar shows no cloudiness. Discard the fruit or save it for another purpose (it's often delicious for use in chutneys).
6. Add the sugar: Place the vinegar and sugar in a saucepan. Bring to a boil, stirring to dissolve sugar. Remove from heat and let cool. Pour into a clean, sterilized container (use the original mason jar or other bottles; see step 1 for sterilization procedure) and cap tightly.
7. Store: Store the shrub syrup in the refrigerator. Tightly sealed, it may last for up to 6 months. Taste before using to make sure the flavor is still good. Discard immediately if it has mold or any signs of fermentation such as bubbling, cloudiness, or sliminess.
8. Serve: To serve, mix 1 tablespoon shrub syrup into a glass of still or sparkling water. Taste and add more syrup, if desired. Shrub syrups may also be used as cocktail mixers, in salad dressings, and more.
- Process developed by Emily Ho based on historical recipes and the "Flavored Vinegars" chapter of So Easy To Preserve (Cooperative Extension, The University of Georgia, 2006).
Want more smart tutorials for getting things done around the home?
See more How To posts
We're looking for great examples of your own household intelligence too!
Submit your own tutorials or ideas here!
(Images: Emily Ho)

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Swiss cheese
From Uncyclopedia, the content-free encyclopedia
Revision as of 20:16, January 21, 2013 by (talk)
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For those without comedic tastes, the so-called experts at Wikipedia have an article about Swiss cheese.
This article refers to Swiss cheese made in America. For Swiss Cheese made in Switzerland, see Cheeses of Switzerland
Discovered in 1283, Swiss Cheese is a rare and magical breed of cheese. It is formed by coagulating cow's milk, compressing the remaining solid material, then shooting it with a shotgun.
One of the 12 Fundamental Cheeses, Swiss cheese exists only in the most outer areas of the Universe due to its inherent instability around other cheeses.
Birth Place
It was in Switzerland where one of Santa's elves, Hermie the Yodeling Elf found a Chicago typewriter and soon found himself a case of exploding diarrhea that caused him to unintentionally pull the tigger on a wagon of cheese wheels thus giving us Swiss cheese, If you come closer to it you hear the yodeling of dead yodelers echoing through the wheels in the making of these holely delights of cheddar
Space-worms, now well known for their magical properties, thus went about their business creating wormholes through the "Swiss cheese." However, unlike the majority of the worms' holes, wormholes created in areas of high Swiss cheese density remain open for many years. This is the main reason for the lack of recent human exploration to the outermost reaches of space.
It also explains why the Swiss have to have such excellent watches, and why large amounts of money keep mysteriously appearing in their banks.
Swiss cheese is the reason why Switzerland is known for their constant horn blowing, random yelling of the word "Ricola" and non-stop yodeling
One day, in the year 1894, the Swiss were enjoying a nice day of picnics, filled with normal, non-hole-filled cheese. However, they did not predict an ambush by pissed off Turkeys that smashed themselves free from windows of poultry/butcher shops with magic and AK-47s with Tommy Gun action. The swiss decided to use the normal, hole-free cheese wheels as either discuses or wepons but the attempt failed as the turkeys shot holes in every cheese wheel that came near them.
The Swiss Cheese Paradox
Swiss cheese in it's purest form, also known as a Black Hole. This particular block of Swiss cheese became so "swiss" during fermentation, it lead to a complete collapse of an entire galactic sector.
1 - Swiss cheese has holes.
2 - More Swiss cheese, more holes.
3 - The more holes there are, less cheese.
4 - Therefore, more cheese is less cheese.
Mind-boggling, isn't it?
It is for this reason that cheese scientists are always wary of "not making the cheese too holey". For safety reasons most large-scale manufacturing takes place on the outer edges of the galaxy. There have been many documented collapses of star systems due to successful Swiss cheese production. It is now believed that at the center of most galaxies is the purest swiss cheese; Some have ventured on expeditions to obtain this cheese, however none have ever returned (Presumably due to Temporal Paradoxs)
Swiss cheese and it's side effects
Swiss Cheese has many side effects
Part-Time Chemist and Professor Odie O. Colognie diagnosed the following when eating swiss cheese
- Nonstop Yodeling
- Constant urge to screw a Sweedish woman
- Undescribable urge to wear lederhosen
- Insanity (i.e. claiming to be Jesus and Satan)
- Uncontrollable urge to yell "Ricola" a zillion times before your head explodes
and... exploding diarrhea
Scientific studies disprove popular belief
A four-year study recently completed by post-doctorate Food Technologists at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology has shown that contrary to popular belief, Swiss cheese does not have holes in it. Samples of Swiss cheese were collected over the four-year period from randomly-selected supermarkets and 7-ll stores across the USA and centrifugally separated in sealed chambers designed for analysis of moon rock, thus enabling the technologists to perform discrete quantitative studies on the yellow matter and the invisible, colourless matter (the so-called "holes" in popular nomenclature). Employing atomic weighing systems normally used to establish the mass of individual hydrogen electrons to an accuracy of <0.00000001%, they found that forty tons of Swiss cheese contained no holes at all.
Other samples were found to have holes, however when background checks were conducted on the samples, the samples seem to have come from a long history within the cheese mafia. Autopsy results say that the holes were indeed made by bullets. Scientists believe that someone got to the cheese before it could talk.
Related Articles
The 12 Fundamental Cheeses
*Not to be confused with "Holey" Cheese
The 3 Noble Cheeses
*Also known as "Negative Cheese" or "Dark Dematta"
Personal tools


Pathfinder Reference Document
Pathfinder Reference Document
School divination (scrying); Level bard 3, cleric 5, druid 4, sorcerer/wizard 4
Casting Time 1 hour
Components V, S, M/DF (a pool of water), F (a silver mirror worth 1,000 gp)
Range see text
Effect magical sensor
Duration 1 min./level
Saving Throw Will negates; Spell Resistance yes
You can observe a creature at any distance. If the subject succeeds on a Will save, the spell fails. The difficulty of the save depends on how well your knowledge of the subject and what sort of physical connection (if any) you have to that creature. Furthermore, if the subject is on another plane, it gets a +5 bonus on its Will save.
KnowledgeWill Save Modifier
Secondhand (you have heard of the subject)+5
Firsthand (you have met the subject)+0
Familiar (you know the subject well)–5
ConnectionWill Save Modifier
Likeness or picture–2
Possession or garment–4
As with all divination (scrying) spells, the sensor has your full visual acuity, including any magical effects. In addition, the following spells have a 5% chance per caster level of operating through the sensor: detect chaos, detect evil, detect good, detect law, detect magic, and message.
If the save succeeds, you can't attempt to scry on that subject again for at least 24 hours.
Scrying, Greater
School divination (scrying); Level bard 6, cleric 7, druid 7, sorcerer/wizard 7
Casting Time 1 standard action
Components V, S
Duration 1 hour/level
This spell functions like scrying, except as noted above. Additionally, all of the following spells function reliably through the sensor: detect chaos, detect evil, detect good, detect law, detect magic, message, read magic, and tongues.


text:
Fieldwork opportunities for occupational therapy students studying outside Canada
If you are an occupational therapy student studying outside of Canada and interested in a fieldwork placement in Canada, please note that you must:
- choose only one city/catchment area of Canada to inquire about a potential placement.
- arrange to have your home university fieldwork coordinator contact the Canadian university fieldwork coordinator for the catchment area in which you would like to have the placement*. – make this contact at least six months prior to the beginning of the placement.
- gather more information about the method of application, associated costs, student requirements, and placement availability from that particular Canadian university fieldwork coordinator.**
- get the contact information you need: Canadian university catchment areas and fieldwork coordinators
*Please note that students interested in fieldwork opportunities are not allowed to directly contact any Canadian fieldwork facilities or universities asking about placements. This is a strict rule throughout Canada for both Canadian and international students.
**The University of British Columbia is not involved with arranging placements for international students in British Columbia and the Yukon Territory. International students seeking placements in British Columbia or the Yukon must have their fieldwork coordinators contact the placement sites directly.
- Placements for international students within Toronto and surrounding Greater Toronto area are unlikely as these placements are in high demand by Canadian OT students and Canadian students are given priority over international students.
- Placement availability during the Canadian summer (Jul-Aug) is unlikely due to high demand and low capacity.


Federation Legacy Wiki
Federation Legacy Wiki
Created by CaptFredricks
A stardate was a unit of time measurement expressed as a decimal number. It was sometimes used in conjunction with the Gregorian calendar on Earth, however by the 25th century it was the more widely used system by organizations such as Starfleet.[1]
It was widely recognized by several major governments of the Alpha Quadrant and Beta Quadrants, and it was the official dating system used by the United Federation of Planets.[citation needed]
Starfleet captain's logs were typically introduced by stating the stardate at the time of the recording.[2][3]
Notes and references[]
External links[]


Take the 2-minute tour ×
Is there a specific difference in performance between an OS installed on a Virtual Box and an OS installed locally on a computer?
Is there any formula so that I could know what is lost when you install an OS in a virtual box.
For example, if you assigned 512Mb of memory in a virtual box os. But it is actually 256Mb when compared to its performance when it is installed locally.
Please, I need the information because we're making a comparative analysis on operating systems. And I can't just install Sabayon Linux, it might ruin the 3 other os that I have already installed.
share|improve this question
2 Answers 2
up vote 1 down vote accepted
Given the number of variables involved (everything from caching efficiency to what programs are running your host OS) it is practically impossible to know the exact difference theoretically. However, I would do the following to determine this experimentally without affecting my current install;
 1. Purchase an identical harddrive to what you currently have installed in your computer.
 2. Remove the current harddrive you have so you don't mess up any of your currently installed stuff.
 3. Install the OS's that you are analyzing to that harddrive -- note, they MUST not be installed in different partitions and the drive should be zero'd between changing the operating systems (this more closely simulates how it might look under virtual box -- i.e. a fresh drive).
 4. Perform your benchmarking for each OS
 5. Put your old harddrive back in
 6. Fire up VirtualBox and install each OS, perform your benchmarking for each OS.
 - If you are trying to do a high-quality comparative analysis, you HAVE to do the comparison from each individual OS ON the hardware.
 - Make sure you pick a good set of benchmarking software that doesn't bias toward one thing or another to heavily. And if you do bias toward something heavily (RAM usage perhaps?) make sure you get enough samples that the aggregate data is meaningful.
 - Ensure the software running on your host os is the same AND minimal during your benchmarking process for each OS you sample
 - I would recommend defragging your harddrive between installs of the OS's under virtualbox, this will help ensure the virtual disk will be more contiguous on disk
share|improve this answer
There is, actually, a specific difference.
In a virtual machine, the hardware that the OS thinks it's running on is not real.
Whereas in a local, bare-metal OS, the hardware that the OS thinks it's running is, by and large, actually physically present.
share|improve this answer
ahh, this is not very accurate. CPU, RAM, hard disk is all very REAL, network controllers, graphics and sound are emulated. – Molly7244 Feb 20 '10 at 3:31
hard disk is definitely not real, actually; while some VMs can present raw disk access to their guest OS, running a guest on a virtual HDD (eg /my/VMs/foo.vdi) is very common. – quack quixote Feb 20 '10 at 3:50
while a container is used, the action certainly happens for real on your HDD and if your disk is noisy enough might be able to hear it actually :P – Molly7244 Feb 20 '10 at 3:59
one could say the same about any emulation -- even though the graphics is emulated, the VM desktop still shows up on my monitor; even though the sound is emulated, the VM media player still plays thru my speakers. doesn't change the fact that my guest OS thinks it has a VBOX HDD and is displaying to an "Innotek...VirtualBox Graphics Adapter". – quack quixote Feb 20 '10 at 4:24
_USER_ - i'm sorry, my comment was not using "emulation" in the technical sense described by those documents, and you're right, by that definition VirtualBox is not an emulator. i was referring to the fact that the guest OS sees virtual hardware instead of real hardware in most places. yes, the CPU runs the guest OS code natively (though even CPU features available to the guest can be restricted, eg number of cores). on my testbed VirtualBox guest, the CPU (and possibly RAM, not sure) is the only real hardware the guest knows about -- everything else is virtual/emulated/fake. – quack quixote Feb 20 '10 at 12:34
Your Answer


text:
Keywords: unconditional convergence, beta–convergence, sigma–convergence, time series convergence, Eurozone, Portugal, Ireland, Italy, Greece, Spain, unemployment rate, budget deficit, government gross debt, GDP growth rate, labour productivity growth, price inflation, wage inflation, government debt
Empirical evidence on convergence across the PIIGS member states of the Euro–zone
This paper investigates unconditional convergence of major economic variables across the Euro–zone member states of Portugal, Ireland, Italy, Greece and Spain over the last 30 years. The criteria used for investigating convergence are β–convergence, σ–convergence, and time–series–convergence. The findings show that the unemployment rate, the budget deficit, and the general government gross debt do not converge, but the GDP growth rate, the labour productivity growth rate, the prices inflation rate, and the wages inflation rate converge across the five Euro–zone member states. The findings show that the speed of convergence varies depending on the period of under review (the pre–Maastricht Treaty decade, the post–Maastricht Treaty decade, and the decade after the initiation of the Euro–zone).

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


BBC News
100 years of Dan-yr-Ogof showcaves in Swansea celebrated
image captionTourists in the early days had to swim through cold water inside Dan-yr-Ogof caves
A cave system and popular tourist attraction in the Swansea Valley is celebrating 100 years since it was discovered by farmers.
The Morgan brothers tracked water which was coming onto their land back to a labyrinth of caves on 21 August, 1912.
Three of the caves were later opened up to the public as Dan-yr-Ogof, the National Showcaves Centre For Wales.
As well as attracting tourists, they were used to store art from Cardiff and Swansea in World War II.
Caves director James Price said the thousands of visitors who explore the caves at Pen-y-cae might be unaware of their history.
He said local farmers the Morgan brothers had set out to find the source of the River Llynfell which flowed through and poured out of a mountain on their land, which lies within the Brecon Beacons National Park.
Equipped with candles, a piece of rope and an old revolver - "because they didn't know what they were going to find" - they went into a cave in the mountainside.
"They never found the source of the river, unfortunately, from their point of view," Mr Price said.
"They followed the river in for 30 or so metres until the river took up the whole of the cave floor.
"And I think they were wet enough and they didn't really know where else to go.
"Just holding on their candles they just looked around and saw a little pathway going upwards so literally they scrambled up that and came out into the cave system that we now know is Dan-yr-Ogof."
image captionIn the early days, a coracle fishing boat was used to explore the caves
They discovered limestone caves which are filled with rock formations such as stalactites and stalagmites in an environment which is around 330 million years old.
But the brothers were prevented from penetrating far into the mountain because of a lake.
They later returned with coracle fishing boats and eventually crossed four lakes before being stopped by a small passage that was too small to crawl through.
Mr Price said the farmers' diaries show they actually started charging a very small entrance fee not long afterwards to take people into the caves.
Using candles to light the way, visitors in those early days were expected to wade, and swim through icy cold water, climb underground cliffs, and negotiate huge boulders covered in slimy mud.
The brothers later opened the caves properly to the public in 1939 - only for World War II to start three to four weeks afterwards.
"What happened was the government closed the caves down and actually had two armed guards stand at the cave entrance throughout the entire period of the war," said Mr Price.
He said ammunition was stored in the cave, along with art and documents from Cardiff and Swansea.
image captionSince their discovery in 1912, over 10 miles of caves have been discovered and three caves are now open to members of the public
Water from the caves was also piped to Swansea when the water mains were damaged by bombs during the blitz on the city.
More to discover
The caves did not reopen to the public until the 1960s because of problems with the country's economy.
But Mr Price said the attraction had been "going strong ever since".
One hundred years on, the caves are still run by descendants of the original cave explorers.
In 1963, a local girl called Eileen Davies, a member of the South Wales Caving Club, eventually managed to crawl through the passage that had stopped the Morgan brothers.
She and others found over 10 miles of caves and cavers believe that there are still more to discover.
"We're very fortunate. Dan-yr-Ogof is unique," added Mr Price.
"It's a fantastic underground environment and that's what the majority of people are coming to see - to appreciate the wonder of nature."
Related Internet Links
 - Dan yr Ogof
The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites.


Separation of Concern vs Single Responsibility Principle ( SoC vs SRP )
These two great principals that stands on the base of many design and architecture decisions. We very often meet these principals in book, articles, blogs, etc... And main question which risen in my head was what they really all about and how they relate to each other? These two principles are totally discrete from each other or their core principle is the same?
Just to remember what these two principles means lets read following statements which defines the each of them:
Separation of Concerns (SoC) – is the process of breaking a computer program into distinct features that overlap in functionality as little as possible. A concern is any piece of interest or focus in a program. Typically, concerns are synonymous with features or behaviors.
_URL_
Single Responsibility Principle (SRP) – every object should have a single responsibility, and that all its services should be narrowly aligned with that responsibility. On some level Cohesion is considered as synonym for SRP.
_URL_
From the first sight very simple and easy to understand. The principles really have a lot in common and in general they both talk about decoupling in distinct Logical Units with well defined Boundaries (responsibilities). Logical Unit and Boundaries could be very abstract or concrete, and the boundaries depend on the context of the problem which you are trying to solve.
The separation allows:
 - To allow people to work on individual pieces of the system in isolation;
 - To facilitate reusability;
 - To ensure the maintainability of a system;
 - To add new features easily;
 - To enable everyone to better understand the system;
 - Etc...;
 - And of course, SoC is not limited to Architecture Layers, it's also applied on many other things, such as: an object that could represent a concern from language point view, SOA can separate concerns into services, separating behaviour as concern in logical units, etc...
 If to discuss further about similarities, SRP mostly means the same thing as SoC for layered architecture example.
 However, SRP was re-interpreted by Uncle Bob with the definition "THERE SHOULD NEVER BE MORE THAN ONE REASON FOR A CLASS TO CHANGE". By the definition, SRP was narrowed down to class level.
 The "narrowed" SRP definition also could leave a lot of questions, how we can make sure that our new class really has one responsibility and there is only one reason to change? Similar question we could raise for SoC… What is for sure is that is not one answer, but in general the answer is that there is not a Rule and all depends on the context of the problem. You can find an answer by yourself by answering next questions:
 1. What is really the boundary of the Responsibility that you are trying to separate?
 2. What is really the boundary of the Concern that you are trying separate?
 In real-world applications is mostly impossible to implement an ideal solution, trying to solve by one principle you can break another, such as YAGNI or over design…
 Is very important to notice that: do not shift all the principles to extremes, because in real cases is impossible to achieve them from all point of views. So is very important to apply them from a certain and most meaningful angle.
 The principles on certain level have similarities but on another level they are different things, let's find out it by an example.
 Let's suppose we have following user story, "user should be able set screen background color because the color should be customizable for any logged on user, so user access must be checked before color is set".
 Here is very raw implementation (just for demonstration purpose) of the requirement:
 internal class UserSettingsService
 {
 public void SetBackgroundColor(ConsoleColor color)
 {
 CheckAccess();

 Console.BackgroundColor = color;
 Console.WriteLine("- Color is changed...");
 }

 private static void CheckAccess()
 {
 if (IsCurrentUserLogedIn())
 {
 throw new SecurityException("Can't change color."
 + "The User is not Authenticated in the system");
 }
 }

 private static bool IsCurrentUserLogedIn()
 {
 return Thread.CurrentPrincipal.Identity.IsAuthenticated;
 }
 }
 Main purpose of the SetBackgroundColor method is to set new background color but before to set a new color we check if the user has access. Security access checking is encapsulated by CheckAccess method. After short explanation, let's go back to our lovely SoC and SRP, on method level each method has its own concern and single responsibility. However on class level they are not, the class is far from to be a cohesive one, it encapsulates Security checks and changing screen color logic. But what if we need to do same check in another classes? then the Check Access logic is duplicated OR we can change the Check Access to public and use the class. Of course, both ways are not the best practices.
 Let's do next step of refactoring and separate each class with its own responsibilities:
 internal class UserSettingsService
 {
 public void SetBackgroundColor(ConsoleColor color)
 {
 SecurityService.CheckAccess();

 Console.BackgroundColor = color;
 Console.WriteLine("- Color is changed...");
 }
 }

 internal class SecurityService
 {
 public static void CheckAccess()
 {
 if (IsCurrentUserLogedIn())
 {
 throw new SecurityException("Can't change color."
 + "The User is not Authenticated in the system");
 }
 }

 private static bool IsCurrentUserLogedIn()
 {
 return Thread.CurrentPrincipal.Identity.IsAuthenticated;
 }
 }
 Now the classes are separated so each class has its own responsibility:
 1. UserSettingsService - to set background
 2. SecurityService - to check security
 which increases their reusability and therefore maintainability.
 So in the last example SRP is not broken because each class has its own well defined responsibility. From another perspective if we take the security checks as infrastructure related concerns and changing color as domain concerns then SoC is broken, because set color invokes security checks instead just setting the color. We can avoid pollution of the domain logic with infrastructure stuff, by applying Virtual Proxy Pattern which will wrap UserSettingsService class and will perform security checks before "real" SetBackgroundColor method is invoked.
 The security checks such in the example above are considered Cross-Cutting Concerns and that is why AOP (Aspect Oriented Programming) was invented for. AOP tries to separate such concerns in separate component(s) and apply and reuse the component(s) without introducing dependencies on the components making easier maintenance.
 Conclusion, the SRP and SoC principles have something in common but in the same time they have some differences, also they should be viewed as an advice and not a rule, a developer should feel when and how to apply and do abstract concerns and responsibilities for a problem correctly.
 [Note: I assume that provided example could not be ideal or the best one but I hope at least it shows my idea.]
 Thank you,
 Artur Trosin
6 Comments
Comments have been disabled for this content.


XDV Tutorial
XDV Tutorial
XDV Tutorial
According to XDV documentation (at XDV documentation: _URL_ XDV is "a way to apply a style/theme contained in a static HTML web page (usually with related CSS, JavaScript and image resources) to a dynamic website created using any server-side technology."
This tutorial will show how XDV can be implemented on your Plone site with the assistance of Internet Information Services (IIS) and Enfold Proxy. See also: XDV Reference and Using EP with XDV Themes for more advanced configurations.
Theme Setup
Here is a summary of the necessary steps:
 1. Create a directory on the Windows file system that will contain your XDV files. This can go underneath the root directory of one of your IIS websites or be entirely separate from it.
 2. Add some test XDV configuration files to this directory.
 3. With IIS configure a Virtual Directory which points to the directory with your XDV files.
 4. Open Enfold Proxy and select the proxy definition which will be themed with your XDV files.
 5. Go to the Excludes tab for this proxy definition and type the name of your IIS virtual directory in the Excludes regex field.
 6. Manually edit the eep.ini file (the EP configuration file found inside the Enfold Proxy install directory). You will add special instructions for the proxy definition which will use XDV.
 7. Test the web page in the browser to make sure the page uses the XDV theme.
Create a directory & add some XDV files
First we need to configure IIS to serve static resources for our XDV theme. This directory will contain our theme and its associated static resources, e.g., C:\xdv-theme and C:\xdv-theme\static respectively.
Create three empty files to get started: C:\xdv-theme\rules.xml, C:\xdv-theme\theme.html, and C:\xdv-theme\static\styles.css.
Configure a Virtual Directory in IIS
(These instructions are specific to IIS 6. The instructions are slightly different in IIS 7).
Suppose we want Default Web Site to be the site using XDV.
Launch the IIS Manager, right-click Default Web Site, and click:
New -> Virtual Directory
You will see the virtual directory creation wizard. Click the next button.
Select an alias, (such as "static") and click the next button.
At this point you will need to browse to the directory corresponding to where you put the XDV files (in our case, C:\xdv-theme\static. Click Next and then finish.
Configure your EP Proxy Definition to work with XDV
Launch the Enfold Proxy configuration utility and select the proxy definition/IIS site that you wish to theme. Select Excludes. You can either select All in the Auto-excludes field or type the name of the alias you used (in this case, static) into the Excludes regex field. Click Save and exit Enfold Proxy configuration tool.
Now in your browser, you should able see the CSS file from the static folder:
Manually edit the eep.ini file with references to your XDV files
Now we're ready to create an XDV theme. Open up the C:\Program Files\Enfold Proxy\eep.ini file in your favorite text editor. At the end of file, add following text:
[xdv default]
rules = C:\xdv-theme\rules.xml
theme = C:\xdv-theme\theme.html
You can also add these lines to enable more verbose logging. This is helpful for debugging problems with your XDV theme. But don't forget to turn verbose logging off.:
level = DEBUG
Now find your proxy definition and add these lines. For example:
[host default]
themes = default
xslt_enabled = true
(In this case, the proxy definition being referenced here
Create the Theme HTML and Rules Files
Open the C:\xdv-theme\theme.html file in your favorite text editor, and modify it to look like:
 XDV Example
 The simplest possible example of an XDV transform.
 This body text will be replaced.
Open the C:\xdv-theme\rules.xml file in your favorite text editor, and modify it to look like:

Believe it or not, that's a complete (but very basic) Plone theme using XDV. We now have an HTML file which serves as the base of our design, as well as a rules file that does the transform.
Test that Everything Works
Point your browser to http://localhost/. Admire your beautiful, unstyled HTML page. It should look like this
Not particularly visually exciting, is it? But what you have just set up is a very powerful way to theme Plone sites that makes it possible to use any pre-existing design with a Plone back-end. The reason that this is exciting is that you're using your own HTML and CSS, not modifying Plone's HTML and CSS.
How it Works
A high-level overview of what is going on in XDV.
The way XDV works is simple, but since it might take a little adjustment of the mental model that you're used to if you have done theming in Plone (or any other system), it's worth an explanation:
The main difference is that you're not touching the templates and HTML from Plone itself at all. Instead, you create the layout and design you want in standalone HTML and CSS files and map parts of the content that comes out of Plone into your existing HTML.
This means that you can create as complex (or simple!) designs as you want, and let Plone supply the content.
This also means that you can write your own from-scratch HTML and CSS, but also map various Plone elements to wherever you want in your own design. Plone knows nothing about what happens "on the way out", it just renders a page as it usually does.
A more visual way to look at it, here you can see how the Plone output is mapped into a totally different template and design:
This makes for a much more robust approach to theming, because as long as Plone keeps its HTML classes and IDs the same from one version to the next, your theme will automatically work even in a new version of Plone. And if it has changed, it's a relatively simple operation to update the theme - just locate the new name, and replace it in the rule file.
The Rule File
Central to the way that content makes its way from your Plone site into your theme is the rule file. Let's look at your simple rule file again:

Ignoring the preamble and the comment, there's one single instruction here:
So what does it do?
 1. It looks at the Plone side of things ("content"), and locates the part of the HTML that has id="content".
 2. It then replaces the part of your theme's HTML that has id="my-content-area" with the content it got from Plone.
The syntax (inside the content and theme attributes) can be a bit intimidating - luckily we have great tools to make it very easy to get this right. The syntax is called XPath, and is a standard for addressing nodes in the DOM, and it's also directly supported in Firebug. A full treatment of how Firebug works is out of scope for this tutorial, but the Firebug online documentation should explain how to install it and use it in Firefox.
The screenshot below illustrates what you see when you open Firebug when looking at Plone source code. Locate the content area as shown below, and right-click the node:
As you can see, there's a way to copy any HTML node, and get its XPath expression. When you paste what's now on your clipboard, you will see:
That is the XPath expression that uniquely identifies that part of the page. You probably recognize this from our original rules.xml file. That's the node that you're looking for in the Plone source, and you use the same approach to find the node you want to replace in your theme.html file.
You don't have to teach yourself XPath - just arm yourself with Firebug, and make use of its built-in support for these expressions.
XDV Rules overview
Four rules are all you need to theme a site. Luckily, what goes in a rule file is simple - there are only four types of rules, and they are easy to understand.
The rules are:
 1. replace
 2. append/prepend
 3. copy
 4. drop
Replaces an element in the theme with content from the site.
Real-world examples:
A useful thing to do is to carry over the and tags from Plone, so the theme will have the right page titles and work correctly when you do operations on folders:
The XPath expressions are actually pretty straightforward when you know exactly where the elements are. You'll get used to the most common variations after using Fire


text:
You can create
and mount shadow sets using the $MOUNT system service in a user-written
program. Program calls to $MOUNT that create, mount, or add devices
to shadow sets use the same syntax. To direct the system to perform
any mount operation, you construct a $MOUNT item list. The item list
specifies the virtual unit that represents the shadow set and the
members (physical devices) that the shadow set contains.
The call to the $MOUNT system service has the
Example 5-1 illustrates MACRO-32 statements that produce
a $MOUNT system service item list to create and mount a shadow set.
Example 5-1 Item List to Create and Mount a Shadow Set
The following list describes the elements in Example 5-1:
Notice that the virtual unit item descriptor occurs
first. This item descriptor specifies DSA23 as the name of the virtual
unit. See "Creating a Shadow Set " for the proper naming syntax for the virtual unit and shadow set
The virtual unit item descriptor is followed by two
member-unit item descriptors. Because Volume Shadowing for OpenVMS
automatically determines the type of operation (copy or merge) necessary
before disks can join a shadow set, all of the devices are mounted
with MNT$_SHAMEM item descriptors. These item descriptors specify
that the physical devices, $4$DUA9 and $4$DUA5, are to join the shadow
set represented by DSA23.
The member item descriptors are followed by an item
descriptor that specifies MYVOLUME as the volume label for the shadow
The last item descriptor specifies DISK$MYVOLUME as
the logical name for the shadow set.
Later, if you want to add another device to the
shadow set, you make another call to $MOUNT that specifies an item
list that contains the name of the virtual unit and the name of the
device you want to add to the shadow set. Example 5-2 shows how
to add the physical device $4$DUA10: to the shadow set created in Example 5-1.
Example 5-2 Item List to Add a Member to a Shadow Set
"$MOUNT Shadow Set Item Codes" briefly describes the $MOUNT shadow
set item codes and discusses how to construct a valid $MOUNT item
list. For a complete description of the $MOUNT service and all its
item codes, see the HP OpenVMS System Services Reference


text:
- For Teachers
Meaning: Go somewhere different or do something different
Example: Work's getting on top of me; I need to GET AWAY FROM it.
Meaning: Start to talk about something that is not relevant to the discussion
Example: I think we're GETTING AWAY FROM the point herewe need to concentrate on the main ideas.
Other Phrasal Verbs
We have 66 phrasal verbs with 'GET'


text:
What does VW mean in Military?
This page is about the meanings of the acronym/abbreviation/shorthand VW in the Governmental field in general and in the Military terminology in particular.
Find a translation for VW in other languages:
Select another language:
What does VW mean?
- Vietnam War, Vietnam(noun)
- a prolonged war (_PHONE_) between the communist armies of North Vietnam who were supported by the Chinese and the armies of South Vietnam who were supported by the United States


The Sociological Analysis of Universal Celebration of International Workers' Day
Timothy Ojewuyi Blessing
Timothy Ojewuyi Blessing
May 2021 | Nigeria
The Sociological Analysis of Universal Celebration of International Workers' Day
Sociologically, the purposes of holidays are to cease the everyday activities, to stop work and have a break that is recognised and endorsed by others. Holiday is an inseparable part of building a strong bond between family, and our community. It gives us a sense of being as an important part of the community and a way to express what is important to us. Holiday is an invaluable tool for a macro-sociological analysis because it reflects a society's attributes and also serve to modify these attributes. Holidays are intended to allow individuals to celebrate or commemorate an event or tradition of cultural or religious significance. This means that, with every holiday, there must be an historical events behind it.
The historical event behind International Workers' Day was an ancient European spring festival and it became manifested with the conscious efforts of socialist and communist groups that demanded a time for honouring workers and the working class. The holiday became universally promoted with the efforts of International Workers Association in 1904 to commemorate the socio-historic man slaughter of protesting labourers in Haymarket Square in Chicago, USA in 1886 by calling on "all Social Democratic Party organisations and trade unions of all countries to demonstrate energetically on the First of May for the legal establishment of the eight-hour day, for the class demands of the proletariat, and for universal peace."
Therefore, the first of May is a widely recognised as a public and national holiday in many sovereign countries across the globe. In fact, over 90 countries out of 195 countries in the world recognised May 1st as a public holiday. Though, some countries regarded it as a labour day while some called it International Workers' Day.
From my sociologist perspective, the celebration of International Workers' Day is a conscious effort of integrating labourers and workers into the community since they are vital part of the bigger society. Durkheim is of the opinion that collective consciousness is crucial in explaining the existence of the society because it does not only produces society but it also holds it together. With holiday like this, labourers and workers feel delighted as being part of the wider community of the world and it will definitely abolish what Durkheim called Egoistic suicide and Fatalistic Suicide.
According to Durkheim egoistic suicide is when a man becomes socially isolated or feels that he has no place in the society and he destroys or kills himself. This is the kind of suicide committed by self-centred person who lacks altruistic feelings and he/she is usually cut off from main stream of the society. While Fatalistic suicide is the type of suicide that is due to overregulation in society. The examples of fatalistic suicide are under the overregulation of a society, when a servant or slave commits suicide, when a barren woman commits suicide. Perhaps, that is why Durkheim argued that human beings become aware of one another as social beings, not just animals through their collective consciousness.
Also, the activities on the day, that is 1st of May, bring about unity, peace and sense of belonging. On the day, most citizens in different countries do engage in different public and group activities like parade, marches, public lectures and family shopping. Parade is a procession of people, usually organized along a street, often in costume, and sometimes accompanied by bands, floats or a large of balloons basking in the celebration of the day while in some other countries like Nigeria public lecture is staged where the president in the spirit of National May Day Celebration will address the nation in Abuja, the capital city at the Eagle Square. The president himself will be there to give a speech, and thousands of people will crowd the square to hear him, also, there are numerous events across Nigeria on this day, organized by schools, labour unions, hospitals, and various other institutions in Nigeria to make the day a memorable one.
As a reflection of holiday, most people also use the opportunity of "no work routine" to spend qualitative and quantitative time with their families. Families can decide to visit amusement parks, zoological garden, cinema, shopping mall, dam, Lake, beach, game reserve or any other places of interest that can unite the family and also bring peace of mind.
In conclusion, one will agree that International Workers Day celebration is a part of social inclusion that will give workers and labourers sense of belonging to the community. It will remove sense of inferiority, promotes contempment, satisfaction and brings about social recognition. Inwood (1992: 245-47) and Margalit (2001: 128-129) discuss the meaning of recognition as the act of acknowledging or respecting another being, such as when we 'recognise' someone's status, achievements or rights. Definitely, international Workers Day celebration gives labourers and workers the recognition and sense of belonging that they deserve because they are people that their activities can either make or mar the progress of any nation.
How to contribute to Applied Worldwide
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Speech Trek
Speech Trek, is an AAUW California project that begins on the branch level with a speech tournament for local high school students and culminates with three top statewide finalists performing their five-minute speeches at the AAUW California convention/annual meeting in April. AAUW Morgan Hill participates by inviting high school students to participate in our own local contest.
Mission Statement
To promote understanding and communication of gender-equity issues among high school students through their research, preparation, and presentation of high-quality speeches, while promoting the value of public speaking as a life and leadership skill.
Speech Trek was established by AAUW CA in 2007. In 2009, it was renamed the Eleanor Stem Allen Memorial Speech Trek Contest in honor and memory of an AAUW member and teacher who recognized the importance of public speaking skills in teaching students about issues that matter to AAUW, and in gratitude to her family for providing ongoing financial support for the project.
 Morgan Hill Speech Trek
The Morgan Hill branch held its first annual Speech Trek contest in 2014. Contestants are limited to 5-6 minutes to express their thoughts on the given year's topic. (See contest details below.) Prizes are awarded to the top three contestants.
2020 Speech Trek winners. L-R: Margaret McCann (coach), Danielle Chaisson (3rd place, Sobrato HS), Diya Khandra (2nd place, Sobrato HS), Gelasia Tiwana (1st place, Sobrato HS), Joanne Rooney (contest organizer)
Why Speech Trek? From a a past participant
Why Speech Trek? From a a past participant
2020 winning speech, by Gelasia Tiwana
Speech Trek is open to all high school students in California. Girls and boys enrolled in any public or private high school, as well as home schooled students, are eligible to participate.
2020-21 Contest Details
Past contestants tell why Morgan Hill high school students should participate this year.


text: 80 страниц. 2011 год. LAP Lambert Academic Publishing Network tomography enables operators to monitor and take action based on path measurements between nodes, often located at the network edge. State-of-the-art network tomography solutions use tools to measure performance parameters such as jitter, loss and round-trip time between multiple nodes. This book describes and analyses a self-organizing, distributed and scalable control protocol for methods conducting continuous active measurements. Performing path available capacity measurements pose some interesting scalability challenges solved by the control protocol. The control protocol also aims at providing full-mesh coverage of end-node measurement pairs in order to give the operator a "performance map". By setting a few parameters at startup the system autonomously can control the network and node overhead. Further, it is shown that the control protocol is scalable with respect to the number of nodes that is involved in the measurements.


text:
CAIRO, September 28, 2005 -- Efforts to end the scourge of iodine deficiency disorder (IDD) among Egyptian children are the focus of a workshop in Cairo this week organized jointly by the Ministry of Health and Population (MOHP) and UNICEF Egypt.
Iodine deficiency is the single most important preventable cause of brain damage among children. Its prevalence in Egypt is not known.
Delegates attending the three-day meeting heard that Egypt is making good progress in ensuring all households have access to iodized salt. Since the mid-1990s, universal salt iodization (USI) has been seen as the most cost-effective, sustainable and safe strategy to ensure sufficient consumption of iodine by all individuals.
In her opening remarks, Dr. Esmat Mansour, Head of Integrated Health Care and Nursing at MOHP, said that while the trend was extremely positive in tackling the issue of IDD in Egypt, more effort was required to ensure quality control of iodized salt and to monitor its consumption, especially in high-risk areas of the country.
UNICEF Egypt Representative Dr Erma Manoncourt reminded the gathering that the goal of IDD elimination was adopted at the UN World Summit for Children in 1990, which established a range of goals to improve and protect children's lives.
Dr Manoncourt said the meeting was a "golden opportunity" to produce a concrete action plan for the sustainable elimination of IDD in Egypt.
Working in partnership with MOHP and other partners, UNICEF supports the procurement of potassium iodate for use by salt producing plants in Alexandria, Port-Said, North Sinai and Fayoum. In addition, salt testing kits have also been provided to help ministry officials determine levels of salt iodization in factories, shops and households.
Earlier this year, a comprehensive assessment of salt production, consumption and iodization in Egypt produced a series of recommendations to achieve universal iodization.
For further information contact:
Simon Ingram, UNICEF, Communication Officer, Egypt
Tel: _PHONE_ Ext. 210 / 208


text:
Shannon is a senior environmental scientist specialising in environmental management, erosion and sediment control, environmental audits, natural resource auditing and water quality monitoring. She has undertaken several major projects for the Department of Main Roads and mining clients that included licensing under Local, State and Federal legislation; including the five year construction, operation and decommissioning of a Department of Defence radar project on two islands in the Torres Strait, for which she was the environmental manager. Shannon has written construction EMPs for major infrastructure projects and acted as Construction Environmental Manager, implementing EMP and licence requirements and undertaking conformance audits. Other projects include erosion and sediment control plans, environmental assessments and audits for Queensland Department of Main Roads and mining clients. Shannon has been extensively involved in the development and implementation of Environmental Management Systems (EMS) for Citiworks Townsville, Kagara Ltd, and the Department of Defence (Lavarack Barracks).
Since 2003, Shannon has conducted freshwater ecology studies for sites across northern Queensland. These studies included baseline research, routine monitoring and incident investigations. Shannon has completed AusRivAS, a nationally recognised course in aquatic macroinvertebrate monitoring, and holds Queensland accreditation. Shannon is also a Principal Auditor in the Environmental Program of Exemplar Global and is certified in erosion and sediment control (Certificate No. 1003-001).


text:
Using a Bayesian model to jointly estimate the flaw size distribution and the pod functionCenter for Nondestructive Evaluation Conference Papers, Posters and Presentations
Document TypeConference Proceeding
ConferenceReview of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation
AbstractIn this paper we extend previous work by the authors to jointly estimate the flaw size distribution and the POD function from simulated field inspection data. Similar to our previous work, we assume that when a crack is above a detection threshold, both the signal amplitude and the flaw size are recorded. For a signal that is above the noise floor, but below the detection threshold, only the amplitude is recorded. At all other locations we know only that the signal is below the noise floor, i.e. left censored. Now our model allows different airplanes to have different crack growth rates, and the distribution of crack growth rates is to be estimated from the data. To estimate the parameters of the model, we use a Bayesian formulation that provides a convenient structure for estimating the plane‐to‐plane differences. The Bayesian formulation also allows the use of prior information based on knowledge of physics or previous experience with similar inspection situations. For example, there may be useful information about crack growth rates and about the slope in the amplitude and crack size relationship. Use of such information can importantly improve estimation precision.
Copyright OwnerAmerican Institute of Physics
Citation InformationM. Li, William Q. Meeker and P. Hovey. "Using a Bayesian model to jointly estimate the flaw size distribution and the pod function" Kingston, RI(2009)
Available at: _URL_


Product Code: Don Colbert
Availability: In Stock
Qty: - +
 - OR -
Publication Date: July 5, 2005
Though there are many diet programs claiming to be "God's way" to healthy living, and while some of them are based on biblical principles, and even have proven effective for weight loss, What Would Jesus Eat? is the first to note the obvious health benefits of what Jesus ate. In this comprehensive program, Dr. Don Colbert reveals the sensible approach to healthy eating laid out by the ultimate role model. Readers will discover:
 * Why foods forbidden in the Old Testament are unhealthy
 * Jesus's favorite foods, including "fast foods" and dessert
 * The health benefits of foods Jesus ate, and the health risks of foods He avoided
Also included are Dr. Colbert's tools to effectively follow the plan: recipes, nutritional information, and practical advice, including how to follow Jesus's model of eating with foods readily available today.
Write a review
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text:
Ganga Kalyana Scheme 2018 Karnataka for SC ST OBC Borewell Loan Online Application Form @kmdc.karnataka.gov.in
The scheme was officially launched in the year 2017. The Karnataka Minor Development Corporation Limited has launched the facility. This is the second year of the scheme and beneficiaries are invited by the KMDC to submit their application for the scheme.
- Aim: The scheme aims to provide irrigation facility to the small farmers who are unable to get water resource in their land. The scheme is mainly started for marginal and small farmers who belong to minority, OBC and ST/SC categories.
- Benefits: The scheme would provide proper water supply to the dry lands. Farmers who are small or marginal will get water resources from the government. It will be either bore-well or open well or lift irrigation system that will be provided to the beneficiaries.
- Implementation: The state will provide water resources to the farmers through pipelines or permanent water bodies. If there is not any river, pond or any such permanent water body then an open well will be constructed to provide water supply. These wells will be built in supervision of geologists.
- Financial Assistance: The state government will provide financial assistance to the farmers to build the Borewell and open wells in suitable land. This financial Help will be provided by the KDMC.
- Budget: To make this scheme implement, mainly the construction cost of wells and irrigation system, the state government of Karnataka has set a budget of Rs. 1.5 Lac per beneficiary.
Eligibility – For Lift Irrigation Facility
- Citizens: The beneficiaries have to be the permanent citizen of Karnataka. Any migrant or non-residential will not be able to get the benefits of the scheme.
- Categories: The farmers must belong to the Scheduled Caste, Scheduled Tribe, Other Backward Classes or Minority category. Apart from that the farmers must be small or marginal farmers to get the benefits from the scheme.
- Annual Income: Annual income of the family of beneficiaries will be Rs. 22, 000/ per year. Anyone earning more than that in a year would not be eligible for the scheme.
- Land Holding: Farmers, who have less than 5 acres of land holding with 7 minority family members are associated with the land, will get lift irrigation facility under this Ganga Kalyana Scheme in Karnataka.
For Bore-well Facility
- The eligibility criteria for the individual bore-well or open well will be same as the Lift Irrigation facility. Farmers who own minimum 2 acres and maximum 5 acres of land and no nearby permanent water supply will get one well from the state.
- In case of construction of borewells, KDMC will supervise the construction and maintenance of the wells. After 5 years, consumer cooperatives will supervise the work of such wells with pumps and other types of wells under the scheme.
Online Application Form Download
The forms for the scheme are available online. The beneficiaries can go to the official website of the scheme _URL_ to get the forms. Or they can directly click on the link _URL_ to download the form and the format. For more Details click here _URL_
All the beneficiaries are required to submit the filled up forms to the District Magistrate of their respective districts. After verification by the District Magistrate, the forms will be transferred to the Taluk Committee. The Taluk Committees are led by the MLAs of the concerned areas. Further the selected applications will be transferred to the concerning department for further process.
The scheme will help the farmers to get proper and non-stop water resources in their lands. Hence they are losing their agricultural produce. This scheme will not only help them to grow their production but also will be encouraging for agricultural promotion in the state.
- Advantage Chhattisgarh Logistics Park Policy 2018
- Indira Gandhi National Old Age Pension Scheme 2018
- Universal Health Scheme (UHC) In Karnataka
- Karnataka Schemes and Yojana


text:
Kim K.H.,Polymer Fusion Research Center |
Kim K.H.,Chonbuk National University |
Lee C.J.,Polymer Fusion Research Center |
Lee C.J.,Chonbuk National University |
And 12 more authors.
Polymer (Korea) | Year: 2013
Zaltoprofen loaded polyoxalate (POX) microspheres were prepared by an emulsion solvent-evaporation/extraction method like oil-in-water (O/W) for sustained release of zaltoprofen. The influence of several preparation parameters such as fabrication temperature, stirring speed, intensity of the sonication, initial drug ratio, molecular weight (M′) of POX, concentration of POX and concentration of emulsifier has been investigated on the zaltoprofen release profiles. Physicochemical properties and morphology of zaltoprofen loaded POX microspheres were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). Through the analyzed results, it was demonstrated that the characteristics of the microspheres greatly affected by the prepared condition. The releases behavior of zaltoprofen was investigated for 10 days in vitro. It was confirmed that the release behavior of zaltoprofen can be controlled by the manufacturing factor of solvent-evaporation/ extraction method.


text:
More info about the name "Lucetta"
Lucetta is a diminutive of Lucia, or Lucy. Lucy originates in Latin language and means "light of the day". It is ultimately derived from Lucia, the feminine form of Lucius. Lucy has always been one of the most popular feminine given names in the English-speaking countries and in variant spelling all over the world. Saint Lucy, or Lucia, was the 3rd century Christian martyr and patron saint of the blind. More recently, the famous bearer is the American actress Lucy Liu.


text:
Procure Clean Sustainable Fleets with Fleets for the Future
Fleets for the Future (F4F) is a national partnership of regional councils, Clean Cities coalitions, and industry experts led by the National Association of Regional Councils. In this project, F4F is:
- Coordinating procurement initiatives designed to consolidate bulk orders of alternative fuel vehicles and related infrastructure.
- Focused on reducing the incremental costs of propane, electric, and natural gas powered vehicles, and refueling and charging infrastructure.
- Creating best practices and templates on alternative fuel usage and related infrastructure, as well as vehicle procurement strategies and policies.
- Advancing fuel-efficient vehicle technologies to decrease petroleum consumption through targeted outreach, education, and best practices deployment.
Visit _URL_ or email _EMAIL_ for more information.


Tutorial
How To Deploy a PHP Application with Kubernetes on Ubuntu 18.04
Published on August 7, 2019
English
How To Deploy a PHP Application with Kubernetes on Ubuntu 18.04
Not using Ubuntu 18.04?Choose a different version or distribution.
Ubuntu 18.04
The author selected Electronic Frontier Foundation to receive a donation as part of the Write for DOnations program.
Introduction
Kubernetes is an open source container orchestration system. It allows you to create, update, and scale containers without worrying about downtime.
To run a PHP application, Nginx acts as a proxy to PHP-FPM. Containerizing this setup in a single container can be a cumbersome process, but Kubernetes will help manage both services in separate containers. Using Kubernetes will allow you to keep your containers reusable and swappable, and you will not have to rebuild your container image every time there's a new version of Nginx or PHP.
In this tutorial, you will deploy a PHP 7 application on a Kubernetes cluster with Nginx and PHP-FPM running in separate containers. You will also learn how to keep your configuration files and application code outside the container image using DigitalOcean's Block Storage system. This approach will allow you to reuse the Nginx image for any application that needs a web/proxy server by passing a configuration volume, rather than rebuilding the image.
Note: This tutorial has been tested on a Kubernetes cluster made with Kubeadm, which differs significantly from the DigitalOcean Managed Kubernetes (DOKS) product. If you are using DOKS, check out our official DigitalOcean Kubernetes product documentation for up-to-date information and tutorials.
Prerequisites
Step 1 — Creating the PHP-FPM and Nginx Services
In this step, you will create the PHP-FPM and Nginx services. A service allows access to a set of pods from within the cluster. Services within a cluster can communicate directly through their names, without the need for IP addresses. The PHP-FPM service will allow access to the PHP-FPM pods, while the Nginx service will allow access to the Nginx pods.
Since Nginx pods will proxy the PHP-FPM pods, you will need to tell the service how to find them. Instead of using IP addresses, you will take advantage of Kubernetes' automatic service discovery to use human-readable names to route requests to the appropriate service.
To create the service, you will create an object definition file. Every Kubernetes object definition is a YAML file that contains at least the following items:
 - apiVersion: The version of the Kubernetes API that the definition belongs to.
 - kind: The Kubernetes object this file represents. For example, a pod or service.
 - metadata: This contains the name of the object along with any labels that you may wish to apply to it.
 - spec: This contains a specific configuration depending on the kind of object you are creating, such as the container image or the ports on which the container will be accessible from.
First you will create a directory to hold your Kubernetes object definitions.
SSH to your master node and create the definitions directory that will hold your Kubernetes object definitions.
 1. mkdir definitions
Navigate to the newly created definitions directory:
 1. cd definitions
Make your PHP-FPM service by creating a php_service.yaml file:
 1. nano php_service.yaml
Set kind as Service to specify that this object is a service:
php_service.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
Name the service php since it will provide access to PHP-FPM:
php_service.yaml
...
metadata:
 name: php
You will logically group different objects with labels. In this tutorial, you will use labels to group the objects into "tiers", such as frontend or backend. The PHP pods will run behind this service, so you will label it as tier: backend.
php_service.yaml
...
 labels:
 tier: backend
A service determines which pods to access by using selector labels. A pod that matches these labels will be serviced, independent of whether the pod was created before or after the service. You will add labels for your pods later in the tutorial.
Use the tier: backend label to assign the pod into the back-end tier. You will also add the app: php label to specify that this pod runs PHP. Add these two labels after the metadata section.
php_service.yaml
...
spec:
 selector:
 app: php
 tier: backend
Next, specify the port used to access this service. You will use port 9000 in this tutorial. Add it to the php_service.yaml file under spec:
php_service.yaml
...
 ports:
 - protocol: TCP
 port: 9000
Your completed php_service.yaml file will look like this:
php_service.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
 name: php
 labels:
 tier: backend
spec:
 selector:
 app: php
 tier: backend
 ports:
 - protocol: TCP
 port: 9000
Hit CTRL + O to save the file, and then CTRL + X to exit nano.
Now that you've created the object definition for your service, to run the service you will use the kubectl apply command along with the -f argument and specify your php_service.yaml file.
Create your service:
 1. kubectl apply -f php_service.yaml
This output confirms the service creation:
Output
service/php created
Verify that your service is running:
 1. kubectl get svc
You will see your PHP-FPM service running:
Output
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE kubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 10m php ClusterIP 10.100.59.238 <none> 9000/TCP 5m
There are various service types that Kubernetes supports. Your php service uses the default service type, ClusterIP. This service type assigns an internal IP and makes the service reachable only from within the cluster.
Now that the PHP-FPM service is ready, you will create the Nginx service. Create and open a new file called nginx_service.yaml with the editor:
 1. nano nginx_service.yaml
This service will target Nginx pods, so you will name it nginx. You will also add a tier: backend label as it belongs in the back-end tier:
nginx_service.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
 name: nginx
 labels:
 tier: backend
Similar to the php service, target the pods with the selector labels app: nginx and tier: backend. Make this service accessible on port 80, the default HTTP port.
nginx_service.yaml
...
spec:
 selector:
 app: nginx
 tier: backend
 ports:
 - protocol: TCP
 port: 80
The Nginx service will be publicly accessible to the internet from your Droplet's public IP address. your_public_ip can be found from your DigitalOcean Control Panel. Under spec.externalIPs, add:
nginx_service.yaml
...
spec:
 externalIPs:
 - your_public_ip
Your nginx_service.yaml file will look like this:
nginx_service.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
 name: nginx
 labels:
 tier: backend
spec:
 selector:
 app: nginx
 tier: backend
 ports:
 - protocol: TCP
 port: 80
 externalIPs:
 - your_public_ip
Save and close the file. Create the Nginx service:
 1. kubectl apply -f nginx_service.yaml
You will see the following output when the service is running:
Output
service/nginx created
You can view all running services by executing:
 1. kubectl get svc
You will see both the PHP-FPM and Nginx services listed in the output:
Output
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE kubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 13m nginx ClusterIP 10.102.160.47 your_public_ip 80/TCP 50s php ClusterIP 10.100.59.238 <none> 9000/TCP 8m
Please note, if you want to delete a service you can run:
 1. kubectl delete svc/service_name
Now that you've created your PHP-FPM and Nginx services, you will need to specify where to store your application code and configuration files.
Step 2 — Installing the DigitalOcean Storage Plug-In
Kubernetes provides different storage plug-ins that can create the storage space for your environment. In this step, you will install the DigitalOcean storage plug-in to create block storage on DigitalOcean. Once the installation is complete, it will add a storage class named do-block-storage that you will use to create your block storage.
You will first configure a Kubernetes Secret object to store your Digital


into a PLC simultaneously.
Directory functions
These functions give you detailed information about the blocks present in a PLC.
Function Purpose
Cli_ListBlocks Returns the AG blocks amount divided by type.
Cli_ListBlocksOfType Returns the AG blocks list of a given type.
Cli_GetAgBlockInfo Returns detailed information about a block present in AG.
Cli_GetPgBlockInfo Returns detailed information about a block loaded in memory.
Block oriented functions
Function Purpose
Cli_FullUpload Uploads a block from AG with Header and Footer infos.
Cli_Upload Uploads a block from AG.
Cli_Download Download a block into AG.
Cli_Delete Delete a block into AG.
Cli_DBGet Uploads a DB from AG using DBRead.
Cli_DBFill Fills a DB in AG with a given byte.
Date/Time functions
These functions allow to read/modify the date and time of a PLC.
Imagine a production line in which each PLC saves the data with date/time field inside,
it is very important that the date be up to date.
Both CP X43 and internal PN allow to synchronize date and time but you need an NTP
server, and in some cases (old hardware or CP343-1 Lean or old firmware release)
this doesn't work properly.
Snap7 Client, using the same method of S7 Manager, always works.
Function Purpose
Cli_GetPlcDateTime Returns the PLC date/time.
Cli_SetPlcDateTime Sets the PLC date/time with a given value.
Cli_SetPlcSystemDateTime Sets the PLC date/time with the host (PC) date/time.
System info functions
these functions access to SZL ( or SSL - System Status List) to give you all the same
information that you can get from S7 Manager.
Function Purpose
Cli_ReadSZL Reads a partial list of given ID and Index.
Cli_ReadSZLList Reads the list of partial lists available in the CPU.
Cli_GetOrderCode Returns the CPU order code.
Cli_GetCpuInfo Returns some information about the AG.
Cli_GetCpInfo Returns some information about the CP (communication processor).
PLC control functions
With these control function it's possible to Start/Stop a CPU and perform some other
maintenance tasks.
Function Purpose
Cli_PlcHotStart Puts the CPU in RUN mode performing an HOT START.
Cli_PlcColdStart Puts the CPU in RUN mode performing a COLD START.
Cli_PlcStop Puts the CPU in STOP mode.
Cli_CopyRamToRom Performs the Copy Ram to Rom action.
Cli_Compress Performs the Compress action.
Cli_GetPlcStatus Returns the CPU status (running/stopped).
Security functions
With these functions is possible to know the current protection level, and to set/clear
the current session password.
The correct name of the below functions Cli_SetSessionPassword and
Cli_ClearSessionPassword, would have to be Cli_Login and Cli_Logout to avoid
misunderstandings about their scope.
Especially because, if you look at the source code, there is an encoding function that
translates the plain password before send it to the PLC.
PASSWORD HACKING IS VERY FAR FROM THE AIM OF THIS PROJECT, MOREOVER
YOU NEED TO KNOW THE CORRECT PASSWORD TO MEET THE CPU SECURITY
LEVEL.
Detailed information about the protection level can be found in §33.19 of "System
Software for S7-300/400 System and Standard Functions".
Function Purpose
Cli_SetSessionPassword Send the password to the PLC to meet its security level.
Cli_ClearSessionPassword Clears the password set for the current session (logout).
Cli_GetProtection Gets the CPU protection level info.
Low level functions
Snap7 hides the IsoTCP underlying layer. With this function however, it's possible to
exchange an IsoTCP telegram with a PLC.
Function Purpose
Cli_IsoExchangeBuffer Exchanges a given S7 PDU (protocol data unit) with the CPU.
Miscellaneous functions
These are utility functions.
Function Purpose
Cli_GetExecTime Returns the last job execution time in milliseconds.
Cli_GetLastError Returns the last job result.
Cli_GetPduLength Returns info about the PDU length (requested and negotiated).
Cli_ErrorText Returns a textual explanation of a given error number.
Cli_GetConnected Returns the connection status of the client.
Asynchronous functions
These functions are executed in a separate thread simultaneously to the execution of
the caller program.
Function Purpose
Cli_AsReadArea Reads a data area from a PLC.
Cli_AsWriteArea Writes a data area into a PLC.
Cli_AsDBRead Reads a part of a DB from a PLC.
Cli_AsDBWrite Writes a part of a DB into a PLC.
Cli_AsABRead Reads a part of IPU area from a PLC.
Cli_AsABWrite Writes a part of IPU area into a PLC.
Cli_AsEBRead Reads a part of IPI area from a PLC.
Cli_AsEBWrite Writes a part of IPI area into a PLC.
Cli_AsMBRead Reads a part of Merkers area from a PLC.
Cli_AsMBWrite Writes a part of Merkers area into a PLC.
Cli_AsTMRead Reads timers from a PLC.
Cli_AsTMWrite Write timers into a PLC.
Cli_AsCTRead Reads counters from a PLC.
Cli_AsCTWrite Write counters into a PLC.
Cli_AsListBlocksOfType Returns the AG blocks list of a given type.
Cli_AsReadSZL Reads a partial list of given ID and Index.
Cli_AsReadSZLList Reads the list of partial lists available in the CPU.
Cli_AsFullUpload Uploads a block from AG with Header and Footer infos.
Cli_AsUpload Uploads a block from AG.
Cli_AsDownload Download a block into AG.
Cli_AsDBGet Uploads a DB from AG using DBRead.
Cli_AsDBFill Fills a DB in AG with a given byte.
Cli_AsCopyRamToRom Performs the Copy Ram to Rom action.
Cli_AsCompress Performs the Compress action.
*/
class Snap7
{
 static PG:=0x01
 static OP:=0x02
 static S7_Basic:=[0x03,0x04,0x05,0x06,0x07,0x08,0x09,0x0a,0x0b,0x0c,0x0d,0x0e,0x0f,0x10] ; 0x03..0x10
 ; Area
 static S7AreaPE:=0x81 ; Process Inputs.
 static S7AreaPA:=0x82 ; Process Outputs.
 static S7AreaMK:=0x83 ; Merkers.
 static S7AreaDB:=0x84 ; DB
 static S7AreaCT:=0x1C ; Counters.
 static S7AreaTM:=0x1D ; Timers
 static AreaList:= {0x81:"Process Inputs"
 ,0x82:"Process Outputs"
 ,0x83:"Merkers"
 ,0x84:"DB"
 ,0x1C:"Counters"
 ,0x1D:"Timers"}
 ; WordLen
 static S7WLBit:=0x01 ; Bit (inside a word)
 static S7WLByte:=0x02 ; Byte (8 bit)
 static S7WLWord:=0x04 ; Word (16 bit)
 static S7WLDWord:=0x06 ; Double Word (32 bit)
 static S7WLReal:=0x08 ; Real (32 bit float)
 static S7WLCounter:=0x1C ; Counter (16 bit)
 static S7WLTimer:=0x1D ; Timer (16 bit)
 static WordLenList:= {0x01:"Bit (inside a word)"
 ,0x02:"Byte (8 bit)"
 ,0x04:"Word (16 bit)"
 ,0x06:"Double Word (32 bit)"
 ,0x08:"Real (32 bit float)"
 ,0x1C:"Counter (16 bit)"
 ,0x1D:"Timer (16 bit)"}
 static WordLen:= {Snap7.S7WLBit:1
 ,Snap7.S7WLByte:1
 ,Snap7.S7WLWord:2
 ,Snap7.S7WLDWord:4
 ,Snap7.S7WLReal:4
 ,Snap7.S7WLCounter:2
 ,Snap7.S7WLTimer:2}
 ; BlockType
 static Block_OB:=0x38 ; OB
 static Block_DB:=0x41 ; DB
 static Block_SDB:=0x42 ; SDB
 static Block_FC:=0x43 ;


text:
Underground Bunker at Fort Moultrie, Sullivan's Island, South Carolina
SULLIVAN'S ISLAND, South Carolina - Fort Moultrie is part of the Fort Sumter National Monument at the entrance to Charleston Harbor in South Carolina. The fort has played a crucial role in defending the harbor from the time of the Revolutionary War through World War II. During that time it has undergone multiple upgrades, from the original palmetto log walls to the newer heavily fortified earthen bunkers.
- Underground Bunker at Fort Moultrie, Sullivan's Island, South Carolina (Copyright David Coleman)-020.tif
- © 2016 David Coleman
- Image Size
- 7360x4912 / 181.5MB
America American history Charleston Harbor Civil War site Fort Moultrie General William Moultrie North America Revolutionary War South Carolina Sullivan's Island U.S. US USA United States United States of America bunker coastal coastal defense coastline defence defenses defensive fortification historic site military military history national park tunnel underground
- Contained in galleries


has => [
 owner => { is => 'Person', id_by => 'owner_id' },
 ],
 };
 Note that the value for "reverse_as" needs to be the name of the relation property in the
 related class that would point back to "me". Yes, it's a bit obtuse, but it's the best we
 have for now.
 Indirect Properties
 When the property of a related object has meaning to another object, that relationship can
 be defined through an indirect property. Things already have owners, but it is also
 useful to know a Thing's owner's name.
 class Thing {
 id_by => 'thing_id',
 has => [
 owner => { is => 'Person', id_by => 'owner_id' },
 owner_name => { via => 'owner', to => 'name', default_value => 'No one' },
 ],
 };
 $name = $thing->owner_name();
 $name eq $person->name; # evaluates to true
 The values of indirect properties are not stored in the object. When the property's
 method is called, it looks up the related object through the accessor named in "via", and
 on that result, returns whatever the method named in "to" returns.
 If one of these Thing objects is created by calling Thing->create(), and no value is
 specified for owner_id, owner or owner_name, then the system will find a Person object
 where its 'name' is 'No one' and assign the Thing's owner_id to point to that Person. If
 no matching Person is found, it will first create one with the name 'No one'.
 Alias Properties
 Sometimes it's useful to have a property that is an alias for another property, perhaps as
 a refactoring tool or to make the API clearer. The is accomilished by defining an
 indirect property where the 'via' is __self__.
 class Thing {
 id_by => 'thing_id',
 has => [
 owner => { is => 'Person', id_by => 'owner_id' },
 titleholder => { via => '__self__', to => 'owner' },
 ]
 };
 In this case, 'titleholder' is an alias for the 'owner' property. titleholder can be
 called as a method any place owner is a valid method call. BoolExprs may refer to
 titleholder, but any such references will be rewrittn to 'owner' when they are normalized.
 Subclassing Members of an Abstract Class
 In some cases, objects may be loaded using a parent class, but all the objects are binned
 into some other subclass.
 class Widget {
 has => [
 manufacturer => { is => 'String',
 valid_values => ['CoolCo','Vectornox'] },
 ],
 is_abstract => 1,
 sub_classification_method_name => 'subclasser',
 };
 sub Widget::subclasser {
 my($class,$pending_object) = @_;
 my $subclass = 'Widget::' . $pending_object->manufacturer;
 return $subclass;
 }
 class Widget::CoolCo {
 is => 'Widget',
 has => 'serial_number',
 };
 class Widget::Vextornox {
 is => 'Widget',
 has => 'series_string',
 }
 my $cool_widget = Widget->create(manufacturer => 'CoolCo');
 $cool_widget->isa('Widget::CoolCo'); # evaluates to true
 $cool_widget->serial_number(12345); # works
 $cool_widget->series_srting(); # dies
 In the class definition for the parent class, Widget, it is marked as being an abstract
 class, and the sub_classification_method_name specifies the name of a method to call
 whenever a new Widget object is created or loaded. That method is passed the pre-
 subclassed object and must return the fully qualified subclass name the object really
 belongs in. All the objects returned to the caller will be blessed into the appropriate
 subclass.
 Alternatively, a property can be designated to hold the fully qualified subclass name.
 class Widget {
 has => [
 subclass_name => { is => 'String',
 valid_values => ['Widget::CoolCo',
 'Widget::Vectornox'] },
 ],
 is_abstract => 1,
 subclassify_by => 'subclass_name',
 }
 my $cool_widget = Widget->create(subclass_name => 'Widget::CoolCo');
 $cool_widget = Widget::CoolCo->create(); # subclass_name is automatically "Widget::CoolCo"
 These subclass names will be saved to the data source if the class has a data source.
 Also, when objects of the base class are retrieved with get(), the results will be
 automatically put in the appropriate child class.
 Inline Data Sources
 If the data_source of a class definition is a hashref instead of a simple string, that
 defines an in-line data source. The only required item in that hashref is "is", which
 declares what class this data source will be created from, such as
 "UR::DataSource::Oracle" or "UR::DataSource::File". From there, each type of data source
 will have its own requirements for what is allowed in an inline definition.
 For UR::DataSource::RDBMS-derived data sources, it accepts these keys corresponding to the
 properties of the same name:
 server, user, auth, owner
 For UR::DataSource::File data sources:
 server, file_list, column_order, sort_order, skip_first_line,
 delimiter, record_separator
 In addition, file is a synonym for server.
 For UR::DataSource::FileMux data sources:
 column_order, sort_order, skip_first_line, delimiter,
 record_separator, required_for_get, constant_values, file_resolver
 In addition, resolve_path_with can replace "file_resolver" and accepts several formats:
 subref
 A reference to a subroutine. In this case, "resolve_path_with" is a synonym for
 "file_resolver".
 [ $subref, param1, param2, ..., paramn ]
 The subref will be called to resolve the path. Its arguments will be taken from the
 values in the rule from properties mentioned.
 [ $format, param1, param2, ..., paramn ]
 $format will be interpreted as an sprintf() format. The placeholders in the format
 will be filled in from the values in the rule from properties mentioned.
 Finally, "base_path" and "resolve_path_with" can be used together. In this case,
 resolve_path_with is a listref of property names, base_path is a string specifying the
 first part of the pathname. The final path is created by joining the base_path and all
 the property's values together with '/', as in
 join('/', $base_path, param1, param2, ..., paramn )
SEE ALSO
 UR::Object::Type, UR::Object::Property, UR::Manual::Cookbook


text:
In April 2020, as children in China started returning to school after COVID-19 closures, an ancient hat from the Song Dynasty came back into fashion. At a primary school in Hangzhou, pupils donned handmade headgear that they fashioned out of paper, balloons, and other crafts, with protruding arms that spanned one meter. These eccentric hats were intended to help them adjust to social distancing measures, the South China Morning Post reported, and they were modeled after hats once worn by Chinese officials. Photographs of the students have been circulating on the internet, and so has a popular legend: that the hats were designed to keep officials away from each other, so that they couldn't whisper and scheme with one another.
According to a scholar of art history and Asian studies, however, the "social distancing" function of the Chinese hats is rooted in "an unfounded speculation." Jin Xu, an assistant professor at Vassar College, writes in an email, "Modern scholars trace the origin of the rumor to a 13th-century Chinese scholar who's known for his shoddy scholarship."
The original headwear was made of somber black cloth and was called futou, or more specifically zhanjiao futou—zhanjiao meaning "spreading feet or wings." Early futou were simple cloths wrapped around the head, and wearers eventually padded them with wood, silk, grass, or leather, writes the scholar Mei Hua in Chinese Clothing. In the Tang Dynasty (618-907), as futou gradually took on the appearance of a more fitted, structured cap, officials began adopting them, adding two long wings made of stiffened ribbons.
Futou became a common accessory during the Song Dynasty (_PHONE_), although most of them had less cumbersome extensions—more feet than wings. People of all classes wore these hats, and there were five styles that individuals donned, according to their status or for various occasions, notes Liu Fusheng in A Social History of Medieval China.
"Some warriors wore the 'curved-feet futou' or 'flower-like futou with feet curved backward,' or the 'cross-feet futou,' and musical instruments players in the imperial music office liked to wear the 'long-feet futou,'" Liu writes. "On some special occasions, such as longevity ceremonies held for the royal family or imperial court banquets, officials would pin flowers on futou … And there were lustreless futou and white crêpe futou worn at funerals."
The shape of the wings indicated the wearer's rank, and the longest were reserved for the emperor and other high-ranking officials. Yu Yan—the hapless scholar who first speculated about the "social distancing" function of these hats—made his dubious claim in his four-volume text, The Pedantic Remarks of the Confucians. The purpose of futou, he scribbled, was "perhaps to avoid [the officials] whispering to each other when having an audience with the Emperor," Liu writes.
The futou that Yu Yan described were likely made of plain or lacquered muslin, with extended ribbons that were reinforced with iron wires or bamboo strips. One style of wings was particularly narrow and long, "projecting as much as two feet from either side of the wearer's head," Alexandra B. Bonds, a professor of costume design at the University of Oregon, writes in Beijing Opera Costumes: The Visual Communication of Character and Culture.
Variations on futou cropped up during the Ming Dynasty (_PHONE_), but new headwear entered the court after the Manchus took power and established the Qing Dynasty (_PHONE_). Since that time, the hat has resurfaced in paintings and theatrical costumes, and different versions of it can still be spotted on stage during Beijing Opera performances. "The wings are mounted on springs, and the actor can make them quiver to expand their expression," Bonds writes in an email. "Each style represents rank or sometimes personal characteristics."
Individually crafted and embellished, the hats of students in Hangzhou are similar expressions of personality and style. Bonds adds that she's delighted by how the pupils have repurposed this object from their cultural heritage. "Whether the headdress was originally intended to prevent courtiers from plotting sedition or not, the wings certainly would have precluded private conversation," she says. "They can serve the same purpose today by reminding the students of the space required for social distancing, while also teaching them about their history, and giving them an art project. What more could a teacher want from an assignment?"


text:
Are Christian Grandparents Appreciated?
Updated: Mar 30
Our recent research explored the experiences and perceptions of some Christian grandparents.
It seems that whilst there is widespread awareness of the value of Christian grandparents, this understanding is often implicit and unspoken, leading to grandparents frequently feeling under-valued and dis-empowered by the wider Christian community. It is proposed that this must be urgently addressed in order to bring about a paradigm shift to raise the profile of this demographic within churches across the UK. The effect of greater visibility, equipping and empowering of grandparents to take an active and intentional role in the spiritual nurture of their grandchildren (and pseudo grandchildren!) could be phenomenal in enhancing the faith lives of many children who are connected with church; whether they attend regularly or only occasionally.
Equally, mobilising this sector of congregations to share their spiritual insights and model their faith to younger generations could transform the richness of church life. Ultimately, if taken seriously, this call to better serve the grandparents within UK churches may bring about considerable growth in the faith interactions of children in the home, local church or wider-church context.
READ THE MAINSTREAM REPORT BELOW: (Published online 2020)
READ THE ACADEMIC PAPER BELOW: (Published in Review of Religious Research 2022)


text:
We report the use of a small-volume nuclear-magnetic-resonance (NMR)-spectroscopy device with integrated fiber-optics for the real-time detection of UV-vis-light-assisted chemical reactions. An optical fiber is used to guide the light from LEDs or a laser diode positioned safely outside the magnet toward the 25 nL detection volume and placed right above the microfluidic channel, irradiating the transparent back of the NMR chip. The setup presented here overcomes the limitations of conventional NMR systems for in situ UV-vis illumination, with the microchannel permitting efficient light penetration even in highly concentrated solutions, requiring lower-power light intensities, and enabling high photon flux. The efficacy of the setup is illustrated with two model reactions activated at different wavelengths.
|Publication status||Published - 6 Feb 2018|