AMPL > >Faqs
Sets and Indexing
Why doesn't AMPL interpret the expression T..1 as I expect?
In general, AMPL interprets a..b as {a, a+1, a+2,..., b-1, b}. Thus when T is greater than one, T..1 is an empty set. To specify the ordered set that goes from T down to 1, write T..1 by -1.
Why does "set S := 50.. 70″ give me a set of only 3 members?
You have declared set S in your model and set S := 50.. 70 in your data. Set expressions are not recognized in AMPL's data mode, however. Instead AMPL tries to recognize 50.. 70 as a space-delimited list of members of S, with the result that it has found three members: the numbers 50 and 70, and the string "..".
To define S to equal 50.. 70 by use of your data file, first declare S in your model by
param begin;
param end > begin;
set S := begin.. end;
Then state in the data file:
param begin := 50;
param end := 70;
Alternatively, it's legal to give set S = 50.. 70 as your declaration of S. This is a less desirable approach, however, because it moves some of the specific data values into the model.
I have declared "set S" and "param b {S}". How do I write an AMPL expression for the arg min of b[i] — that is, the s in S such that b[s] equals the minimum of b[i] over all i in S?
There's no specific arg min operator in AMPL. However, proceeding directly from the definition, you can define the arg min explicitly by a set expression like
{s in S: b[s] = min {i in S} b[i]}
This expression gives a subset of S, however, containing all of the members of S that achieve the minimum. To get just one member representing the arg min, you can define this to be an ordered set,
set b_argmin ordered := {s in S: b[s] = min {i in S} b[i]};
Then first(b_argmin) is guaranteed to be one member of S that minimizes b[i].
As an alternative, you can use AMPL's for and if commands to write a script that loops over S to compute the arg min explicitly:
param bmin;
param imin symbolic in S;
let bmin := Infinity;
for {i in S} {
 if b[i] < bmin then {
 let bmin := b[i];
 let imin := i;
In general this is a slower alternative than defining b_argmin as above. It admits a greater variety of generalizations in complex cases, however.
How can I get AMPL to index over the "power set" consisting of all subsets of a set?
AMPL can index model components by objects (numbers and character strings) but not by sets of objects. Hence you can't model a power set directly. You may be able to get the same effect, however, by constructing a numbered list of subsets.
As an example, suppose that you want to index over all subsets of the set of the first n nonnegative integers. You can declare:
param n integer > 0;
set S := 0.. n - 1;
set SS := 0.. 2**n - 1;
set POW {k in SS} := {i in S: (k div 2**i) mod 2 = 1};
Since there are n members of S, there are 2**n subsets of S. Hence there exists a one-to-one correspondence between the members of the set SS := 0.. 2**n - 1 and the subsets of S. By use of a simple encoding, you can make this correspondence explicit; the indexed collection of sets POW above is declared such that POW[k] is the kth distinct subset of S. (To see the whole power set, type display POW.)
Much the same can be done for an arbitrary ordered set S:
set S ordered;
param n := card {S};
set SS := 0.. (2**n - 1);
set POW {k in SS}
 := {i in S: (k div 2**(ord(i)-1)) mod 2 = 1};
Either way, you can use indexing over POW to get the effect of indexing over the power set. In the following example, each member s of S has a weight Wt[s], and the average "weight" of all members of any subset of S is constrained not to exceed n/2:
var Wt {S} >= 0;
subj to MaxWt {k in SS}:
 sum {i in POW[k]} Wt[i] <= (n / 2) * card(POW[k]);
A more involved example, which represents a traveling salesman problem as an integer program, is provided in tsp.mod. Constraints like this can be useful for studying and testing certain formulations of combinatorial problems, provided that the underlying set (S in our example) is kept to a reasonably small size.
subject to balance0 {j in PROD}:
Why do I get an "invalid subscript discarded" message when I display an AMPL parameter?
Either a data table gave values for the parameter with incorrect subscripts, or the parameter's indexing set changed, causing some previously valid subscripts to become invalid. For example, in the diet.mod + diet.dat example (Figures 2-1 and 2-2) of the AMPL book, values of parameter cost are supplied for all eight members of set FOOD:
ampl: display cost;
cost [*] :=
BEEF 3.19 FISH 2.29 MCH 1.89 SPG 1.99
 CHK 2.59 HAM 2.89 MTL 1.99 TUR 2.49
If you remove the member CHK from FOOD, using for example a let command, then you get a message that cost["CHK"] has also been dropped from the data:
ampl: let FOOD := FOOD diff {"CHK"};
ampl: display cost;
Error executing "display" command:
error processing param cost:
 invalid subscript cost['CHK'] discarded.
cost [*] :=
BEEF 3.19 HAM 2.89 MTL 1.99 TUR 2.49
FISH 2.29 MCH 1.89 SPG 1.99
Since cost["CHK"] has now been dropped, no further error message will appear if you type display cost again.
To avoid error messages of this sort, you can define a more flexible set structure for your model as shown in dietflex.mod and dietflex.dat. The auxiliary set DIET_DROP defaults to empty, so that the problem is solved for all foods; but you can change DIET_DROP to {"CHK"} to solve without member CHK:
ampl: model dietflex.mod;
ampl: data dietflex.dat;
ampl: option show_stats 1;
ampl: solve;
8 variables, all linear
6 constraints, all linear; 47 nonzeros
1 linear objective; 8 nonzeros.
MINOS 5.4: optimal solution found.
13 iterations, objective _PHONE_
ampl: let FOOD_DROP := {"CHK"};
ampl: solve;
7 variables, all linear
6 constraints, all linear; 42 nonzeros
1 linear objective; 7 nonzeros.
MINOS 5.4: optimal solution found.
3 iterations, objective _PHONE_
Changing FOOD_DROP does not affect the set FOOD_ALL, and consequently all of the subscripts in the data remain valid.


text:
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This paper reports the first electronic circuit used to measure MEMS resonator motion in the time domain. The measurement of shuttle position is made using a capacitance-to-voltage converter IC that has been developed by combining correlated double sampling with delta modulation in a fully differential circuit topology. This oversampling circuit may be adjusted to trade bandwidth (sample rate) for resolution, while reference level may be adjusted to set the desired sensitivity to accommodate a large range of capacitive sensor interface applications. For example, test results demonstrate a resolution of 170 aF for a signal bandwidth of 3 kHz, a 68-dB dynamic range, and nonlinearity less than 0.16%.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
According to the list of "Top-notch Students in Basic Subjects Cultivation Program 2.0 Bases (2020)" released by the Ministry of Education, four bases of ECNU were selected. They are, the top-notch bases for mathematics, for physics, for geoscience and for psychology of "Yaoxiang Class".
The national top-notch bases will establish and improve its systems and mechanisms to cultivate cutting-edge students majoring in basic subjects of different fields, guide outstanding students into basic scientific research, and create a favorable atmosphere for the development of top-notch talents in basic subjects. The purpose is to reform and innovate educational concepts and models, as well as teaching content and methods. Moreover, these bases will explore in this field and accumulate experience and excellent cases that can be popularized, so as to form a world-level top-notch talent cultivation system for basic disciplines with Chinese characteristics. They are expected to cultivate a number of outstanding talents who can scale the height of scientific research and promote scientific and cultural development.
Source: Academic Affairs Office
Copy editor: Philip Nash
Editor: Yuan Yiwei

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Posts Tagged 'cruel and unusual punishment'
Criminal Blog Week Day 1–Sharia Criminal Law
Monday, April 11th, 2011
Being criminal defense attorneys in Bartow, we often represent clients who are originally from other countries or cultures. These clients not only have questions about their case, but also about our system of criminal justice. For example, when someone comes from a country where marijuana is legal, they do not understand why they are subjected to criminal punishment here for possession of the same drug.
Our firm recently gave a lecture on Sharia law and its impact on American jurisprudence. As part of that presentation, we talked about how Sharia criminal law is different from American criminal law. Perhaps these two systems are most different in their criminal punishment methods. Regarding criminal punishment, Sharia is noted for its draconian executions, including its use of stoning, lashing and flogging. Sharia scholars are quick to point out that these are not the only forms of punishment used by their courts, but are the ones most debated in the West as their methods are most contrary to our Eighth Amendment ban on cruel and unusual punishment.
Besides our methods of punishment, there are many differences between Sharia criminal court and American criminal court. Here are just a few such differences:
In Sharia court, trials are conducted by the judge; there is no jury system. There is no pre-trial discovery process, and no cross-examination of witnesses. Rules of evidence are also vastly different, with Sharia giving priority to oral testimony over written documents/evidence. On most charges, testimony must be established by two witnesses, preferably male witnesses. (One exception is rape, which must be established by four eyewitnesses.) A woman's testimony is worth only 1/4-1/2 to that of a male.
Forensic evidence is rejected in many cases in Sharia courts, including fingerprints, ballistics, DNA and blood samples.
These rules can make it extremely difficult for women victims in all cases, but especially rape charges.
At the cost of sacrificing due process, Sharia courts significantly increase speed and efficiency of dockets. But this is a price American criminal courts are unwilling to pay.


Bunny-shaped folded napkins dress up Easter dining tables
 - Fri Apr 2nd, 2010 9:58am
 - Life
We know it's Easter already and you've probably set your table, but here's a last-minute napkin-folding exercise to fluff up your settings. If you need photos to follow, go to _URL_ and search for "napkin folding."
Step 1: Take a solid-colored square napkin, and starch it for optimal workability. Thinner napkins work better.
Step 2: Fold the napkin up in half.
Step 3: Fold up in half again, to form a long rectangle.
Step 4: Fold the right and left sides down to meet in the center, forming a point at one end.
Step 5: Fold the opposite corners up.
Step 7: Gently turn your napkin over.
Step 8: Fold the bottom point up, so that it is roughly 1 inch above the center of the napkin.
Step 9: Carefully, turn the napkin over again.
Step 10: Roll the left side over, slightly past the center of the napkin.
Step 11: Fold the right side over, tucking the end into the pocket you created on the left side, holding your napkin together.
Step 12: Turn the napkin upright, separating the bottom to form a base. Fluff your bunny's ears.
Herald news services


Bioethics Blogs
Family Presence During Resuscitation: Extending Ethical Norms from Pediatrics to Adults
Guest Post: Christine Vincent and Zohar Lederman
Paper: Family presence during resuscitation: extending ethical norms from paediatrics to adults
Family Presence During Resuscitation is an important ethical issue for discussion within the medical community. Currently, family presence is more commonly accepted in paediatric cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) than adult CPR. However, we argue that this fact is not morally justified and that the case for family presence during adult CPR is indeed morally stronger. In our paper we provide an ethical argument for accepting both family presence during adult CPR and pediatric CPR.
Arguments commonly used by ethicists and medical professionals to justify family presence during resuscitation (FPDR) in the emergency room revolve around scarce evidence of harm to patient outcome, strong evidence demonstrating benefits to relatives, and respect for patient's wishes. However, we argue that these three main reasons all seem to be stronger in the case of adult patients than pediatric ones.
Evidence demonstrating no negative effects of FPDR on patient outcome has mainly been found for adult patients. Furthermore, research showing benefits to relatives from being present is much stronger for adult patients as well. Lastly, the wishes and rights of adults are commonly much more respected compared to those of children, both in healthcare and generally. There is no reason why this should not extend to FPDR as well, given that the majority of patients prefer to go through traumatic life events surrounded by friends and family.
In our conclusion, we mention how family presence during any patient's resuscitation is a huge step from where society was decades ago.


What is author impact data?
The Author impact is a summarized view of the impact data collected from all the articles you have published and linked to your Frontiers profile.
It is an aggregation of the total number of article views, downloads and citations.
You can find this clicking on your name on the top right corner, then selecting Profile.
You find the number under the Impact tab:


Our Community
Healthcare Workers
Understand the role of healthcare workers in a town.
0-30 min.
Tell the children they will explore what it is like to be a healthcare worker.
Explain that doctors, nurses, and dentists are called "healthcare workers," and that they help us stay healthy. Tell
the children that when all of the parts of your body are working as they should, you are healthy.
Tell the children that people go to doctors and dentists for different reasons. Sometimes they go to receive medical care, or help for health problems. Other times, people go to doctors and dentists for checkups. A checkup is an
appointment where a healthcare worker checks a person's body or teeth to see if everything is okay. Explain that healthcare workers use tools such as lights, tongue depressors, stethoscopes, scales, measuring tapes or sticks, blood pressure cuffs, thermometers, suction straws, etc.
Explain that people also go to hospitals to receive care. Many mothers give birth, or have their babies in a hospital. The nurses and doctors check the mothers and babies to make sure they are healthy.
Show the photographs of the LEGO® DUPLO® models for Activity 4.
Consider asking questions like:
 - Have you ever been to the hospital, doctor's office, or dentist's office? If so, why
 were you there? Who worked there?
 - Which places are shown in these pictures?
 - What is happening in these pictures?
 - Tell children they are going to build a healthcare place, such as a dentist's or doctor's office.
 - Divide the children into pairs.
 - Allow each pair to decide what type of healthcare place they want to build. They may use the building cards or photographs for inspiration.
 - Ask each pair of children to present their model and talk about what the healthcare workers do in this place.
Ask the children to use the LEGO DUPLO figures and vehicles to act out what happens in the healthcare places they have built.
Teacher Support
Children will :
Begin to understand the importance of healthcare workers, and what role they play in a town.
For up to 8 children.
Children are able to describe what healthcare workers do.


Probability Theory and Related Fields
, Volume 75, Issue 4, pp 459–485 | Cite as
Reflected Brownian motion with skew symmetric data in a polyhedral domain
 - R. J. Williams
Article
Summary
This paper is concerned with the characterization and invariant measures of certain reflected Brownian motions (RBM's) in polyhedral domains. The kind of RBM studied here behaves like d-dimensional Brownian motion with constant drift μ in the interior of a simple polyhedron and is instantaneously reflected at the boundary in directions that depend on the face that is hit. Under the assumption that the directions of reflection satisfy a certain skew symmetry condition first introduced in Harrison-Williams [9], it is shown that such an RBM can be characterized in terms of a family of submartingales and that it reaches non-smooth parts of the boundary with probability zero. In [9], a purely analytic problem associated with such an RBM was solved. Here the exponential form solution obtained in [9] is shown to be the density of an invariant measure for the RBM. Furthermore, if the density is integrable over the polyhedral state space, then it yields the unique stationary distribution for the RBM. In the proofs of these results, a key role is played by a dual process for the RBM and by results in [9] for reflected Brownian motions on smooth approximating domains.
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
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 Brondsted, A.: An introduction to convex polytopes. New York Heidelberg Berlin: Springer 1983Google Scholar
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 Chung, K.L., Williams, R.J.: Introduction to stochastic integration. Boston: Birkhäuser 1983Google Scholar
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 Durrett, R.: Brownian motion and martingales in analysis. Belmont: Wadsworth 1984Google Scholar
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 Getoor, R.K., Sharpe, M.J.: Naturality, standardness, and weak duality for Markov processes. Z. Wahrscheinlichkeitstheor. Verw. Geb. 67, 1–62 (1984)MathSciNetGoogle Scholar
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 Hall, P., Heyde, C.C.: Martingale limit theory and its application. New York: Academic Press 1980Google Scholar
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 Harrison, J.M.: The diffusion approximation for tandem queues in heavy traffic. Adv. Appl. Probab. 10, 886–905 (1978)MATHMathSciNetGoogle Scholar
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 Harrison, J.M.: Brownian motion and stochastic flow systems. New York: Wiley 1985Google Scholar
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 Harrison, J.M., Reiman, M.I.: Reflected Brownian motion on an orthant. Ann. Probab. 9, 302–308 (1981)MathSciNetGoogle Scholar
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 Harrison, J.M., Williams, R.J.: Multidimensional reflected Brownian motions having exponential stationary distributions. Ann. Probab. 15, 115–137 (1987)MathSciNetGoogle Scholar
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 Lions, P.L., Sznitman, A.S.: Stochastic differential equations with reflecting boundary conditions. Comm. Pure Appl. Math. 37, 511–537 (1984)MathSciNetGoogle Scholar
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 Nagasawa, M.: The adjoint process of a diffusion with reflecting barrier. Kodai Math. Sem. Rep. 13, 235–248 (1961)MATHMathSciNetGoogle Scholar
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 Nagasawa, M., Sato, K.: Remarks to "The adjoint process of a diffusion with reflecting barrier". Kodai Math. Sem. Rep. 14, 119–122 (1962)MathSciNetGoogle Scholar
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 Reiman, M.I.: Open queueing networks in heavy traffic. Math. Oper. Res. 9, 441–458 (1984)MATHMathSciNetGoogle Scholar
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 Revuz, D.: Markov chains. Amsterdam: North-Holland 1984Google Scholar
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 Stroock, D.W., Varadhan, S.R.S.: Diffusion processes with boundary conditions. Comm. Pure Appl. Math. 24, 147–225 (1971)MathSciNetGoogle Scholar
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 Sznitman, A.S., Varadhan, S.R.S.: A multi-dimensional process involving local time. Probab. Theor. Rel. Fields 71, 553–579 (1986)MathSciNetGoogle Scholar
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 Tanaka, H.: Stochastic differential equations with reflecting boundary conditions in convex regions. Hiroshima Math. J. 9, 163–177 (1979)MATHMathSciNetGoogle Scholar
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 Varadhan, S.R.S., Williams, R.J.: Brownian motion in a wedge with oblique reflection. Comm. Pure Appl. Math. 38, 405–443 (1985)MathSciNetGoogle Scholar
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 Wenocur, M.: A production network model and its diffusion approximation. Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Statistics, Stanford University 1982Google Scholar
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Copyright information
© Springer-Verlag 1987
Authors and Affiliations
 - R. J. Williams
 - 1
 1. 1.Department of MathematicsUniversity of California at San DiegoLa JollaUSA
Personalised recommendations


text:
Report No. : GEO Report No. 97
Report Title : Hong Kong Rainfall and Landslides in 1997 (1999), 271 p. plus 2 drgs.
Author : T.W.K. Lam
This Report presents a review of rainfall and landslides in Hong Kong throughout 1997. Rainfall information has been obtained from the Geotechnical Engineering Office (GEO) automatic raingauge system and from the Hong Kong Observatory (HKO). Most of the landslide data have been taken from the records of incidents reported to the GEO in 1997. Supplementary data have been obtained from the GEO's 1997 Landslide Investigation Consultants and other Government Departments.
1997 was the wettest year at the Hong Kong Observatory (HKO) since records began in 1884. Rainfall at the HKO amounted to 3343.0 millimetres, 51% above normal and exceeding the previous record set in 1982. The most intense maximum 24-hour rainfall of 799.0 millimetres was recorded at the Chinese University (CU) on 2 and 3 July. The annual rainfall at the CU amounted to 4391.0 millimetres. The maximum annual rainfall of 4907.0 millimetres was recorded at Tai Mo Shan.
Eight Landslip Warnings were issued in 1997. The rainstorms in 1997 resulted in 543 incidents being reported to the GEO, 491 of which were classified as genuine landslides, and 50 of which were major (i.e. an event with a volume of collapsed mass of 50 m3 or more, or where a fatality has occurred). Two fatalities and nine injuries occurred. The consequences resulting from the landslides included the temporary evacuation of 47 squatter huts, 19 houses and 14 flats, the permanent evacuation of 115 squatter huts, and 120 landslides resulted in the blockage of sections of road, pedestrian pavement and/or access.
Report SPR 7/98 provides more detailed information on the rainfall and landslides associated with the rainstorm of 1-4 July 1997.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
Do you find yourself shopping to make yourself feel better? If you use retail therapy to lift your mood, it won't be long before you accumulate clutter in your home (hidden or not).
It is a vicious cycle because your clutter will lead you to feel poorly again.
Instead of going shopping and buying things to boost your mood, try a different way to treat yourself and feel better at the same time.
Feel better without retail therapy by trying one or more of these ideas:
- Get some fresh air and spend some time in nature.
- Go for a walk.
- Curl up in a cozy spot and read a book.
- Get creative. Work on a craft, doodle, take pictures or write.
- Spend time doing a hobby.
- Visit a museum or zoo.
- Have a spa day. Take a bubble bath or do your nails.
- Watch a movie.
- Spend time with close family and friends.
- Have a game night with popcorn or other fun snacks.
- Give yourself a 5-minute, 10-minute, or even 15-minute break and just do nothing.
- Meditate, practice yoga, or exercise.
- Bake your favorite dessert.
- Buy a plant or some flowers to decorate your home.
- Reorganize the furniture in a room for a fresh look.
What did I miss? How do you help yourself feel better?


There Lived a Man Who Sailed to Sea
The human mind is endlessly forming associations, caused by a vast array of triggers. Tracey believes that colour is one such trigger, and questioned whether people could still guess the origin of an image if it was represented in a visually abstract manner.
In There Lived a Man Who Sailed to Sea, Tracey took seven colours from The Beatles' Yellow Submarine album cover and transcribed the opening bars ("In the town where I was born, lived a man who sailed to sea"). Using the formula 1000 pixels : 1 crotchet of musical notation, Tracey presents the lyrics as a visual score, where each colour represents a different note.
In his publication Non-Places: An Introduction to Supermodernity, Marc Augé provides the example of an airport being a non-place; it is neither here nor there, it is between destinations. Similarly, Tracey thought of the sea as a perfect non-place, but further, believed John Lennon could also be categorised as such: he does not live, but he is far from dead. His impact on this world remains, and he, too, exists in the realm of the non-place.
Yellow Submarine
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text:
Traditional Skills Strategy
Traditional Building Skills
Traditional Building Skills is a strategy for developing and sustaining traditional building skills in Scotland.
As the largest heritage body in the country, Historic Scotland has a responsibility to lead on ensuring skills, techniques and practices that are integral to the heritage sector are not only supported but encouraged to grow and develop.
The strategy provides for Historic Scotland to increase the work it does in developing stronger and better ways to teach traditional skills, with the aim of ensuring this expertise is readily available across Scotland for many years to come, making a positive contribution to the country's economy.
Traditional Building Skills - A Strategy for Sustaining and Developing Traditional Building Skills in Scotland [pdf, 1.5mb]
Scottish Traditional Building Skills Audit Scoping Exercise (STBSASE)
In partnership with ConstructionSkills Scotland, Scottish Qualifications Authority and Scottish Enterprise, Historic Scotland initiated the Scottish Traditional Building Skills Audit Scoping Exercise (STBSASE) in 2009.
The project report aims to quantify training that is currently available for traditional building skills and to identify gaps in current qualification provision. From this report, a work programme of qualification development will be developed focusing on bolt-on units to supplement the existing Scottish Vocational Qualification provision. This is the first action in the Strategic Partnership Agreement between Historic Scotland, ConstructionSkills and the Scottish Qualifications Authority in identifying and addressing skills and knowledge gaps in traditional building skills and will build on the successful introduction in 2008 of the National Progression Award in Masonry Conservation. This project is part of the Traditional Building Skills Strategy for Historic Scotland.
Scottish Traditional Building Skills Audit Scoping Exercise (STBSASE) [pdf, 2.7mb]


text:
The First People
MN Historical Society
The first people to occupy the lands now designated as Voyageurs National Park arrived nearly 10,000 years ago during the Paleo-Indian Period.
Groups entered the area as the waters of glacial Lake Agassiz receded. This ancient lake once covered 110,000 square miles of Minnesota, North Dakota, Manitoba, Ontario and Saskatchewan in Canada.
During the Archaic Period (8,000 B.C. - 100 B.C.) people followed a mobile, hunting and gathering lifestyle. Fishing was a major source of food, although the gathering of plants continued to be important as well.
During the Woodland Period (100 A.D.- 900 A.D.) people increased their use of the wild rice that is native to this area. They began to use ceramics to fashion small, side-notched triangular projectile points.
Over 220 pre-contact archeological sites have been documented within the park, including sites that are now listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Please remember while exploring the park that all archeological and historic resources are protected by law. Do not destroy or collect any items that you find; instead enjoy looking at the items and leave them where you found them.
Did You Know?
You can make a voyageur trinket, stamp a track or try on voyageurs clothing at a children's corner in a park visitor center.


Arrows on Sphere
using LinearAlgebra
using AbstractPlotting
n = 20
f = (x,y,z) -> x*exp(cos(y)*z)
∇f = (x,y,z) -> Point3f0(exp(cos(y)*z), -sin(y)*z*x*exp(cos(y)*z), x*cos(y)*exp(cos(y)*z))
∇ˢf = (x,y,z) -> ∇f(x,y,z) - Point3f0(x,y,z)*dot(Point3f0(x,y,z), ∇f(x,y,z))
θ = [0;(0.5:n-0.5)/n;1]
φ = [(0:2n-2)*2/(2n-1);2]
x = [cospi(φ)*sinpi(θ) for θ in θ, φ in φ]
y = [sinpi(φ)*sinpi(θ) for θ in θ, φ in φ]
z = [cospi(θ) for θ in θ, φ in φ]
pts = vec(Point3f0.(x, y, z))
∇ˢF = vec(∇ˢf.(x, y, z)) .* 0.1f0
surface(x, y, z)
arrows!(
 pts, ∇ˢF,
 arrowsize = 0.03, linecolor = (:white, 0.6), linewidth = 3
)


text:
Discrimination in housing markets occurs when equally qualified people are treated differently because of their membership in a particular group. This study focuses on racial and ethnic discrimination in qualitative actions by landlords, such as making an advertised housing unit available for inspection by a customer. The data come from the Housing Discrimination study, which conducted over 1500 rental housing audits in 25 metropolitan areas in 1989. Each audit consists of a visits to a landlord by a white person and either a black or Hispanic person with similar socio-economic characteristics. Using Chamberlain's fixed-effect logic estimation, we develop a nationally representative measure of the incidence of discrimination in landlord behavior and conduct hypothesis tests on the incidence and causes of discrimination. The results indicate widespread discrimination across several types of landlord behavior and support the hypotheses that landlords discriminate both out of personal prejudice and in response to the prejudice of present and future white clients.
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Economics and Econometrics


text:
2016 September: Metrology of the mounted SPIRou Parabola
The SPIRou parabola in its mount was shown to have nominal optical performances
Integrating the SPIRou parabola in its mount implied bonding and mechanical clamping close to the mirror optical surface, potentially able to induce stresses and deformations, and thus to degrade optical performances. Although both mirror and mount were designed to minimize these effects, verification that the mirror optical performance is nominal was required.
To carry out this verification, the LAM (Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille) implements a dedicated optical bench based on the infinity focus method. The two clear apertures of the SPIRou mirror were successively measured using an interferometer and a large (400 mm wide) reference folding flat, both before and after mounting, in order to quantify the contribution of the mount to the wavefront error.
After a pre-alignment step, the fine tuning of the fringe pattern on the interferometer revealed a very low amount of form error (in particular a minimization of the main Zernike terms like coma, astigmatism and spherical aberration). The full tests indicated no significant mechanical stress caused by the mount and nominal optical quality of the mounted SPIRou parabola (wavefront error < 60 nm rms) on both clear apertures.
This validation step was performed with the expertise of Johan Floriot, Amandine Caillat and Kjetil Dohlen, from the LAM optical team.


text:
The Bucks County Reading Olympics inspires kids to become lifelong readers. Since 1993, the Reading Olympics has been motivating students in Bucks County to read and discuss books. The purpose of this event is to encourage children to read more than they currently do, to read a greater variety of books, and to enjoy the excitement of reading and talking about books. The team format encourages students to share the challenge of reading the selection of books with their friends.
The Reading Olympics competition is the culmination of the program that has teams of students reading books from a prepared list for several months prior to the final event. Each team consists of 8 to 16 students who agree to read from groups of 45 books appropriate for their age and reading level. The book lists are prepared the previous year by interested teachers and librarians.
During the competition evening, all teams participate in three rounds of questioning. Teams are never eliminated. At the culmination of theevent, all students receive a ribbon, determined by the number of points their team earned during the evening. More than 700 volunteerswork as moderators, scorekeepers and team leaders during the competition. This collaboration and cooperation among so manyindividuals is amazing. Librarians, teachers, parents, students,district staff and even spouses all contribute to making this event asuccess. The founding team of organizations--the Bucks County Free Library, the Bucks County Intermediate Unit, and the Central BucksSchool District--is very proud of the spirit of collaboration that this event has inspired.
The planning committee feels that the real value of the Reading Olympics is in the preparation. Teachers and librarians volunteer to lead the teams in their own buildings.There is a great deal of flexibility as to how the program is run locally, but all involved have the same objective in mind - to get kids reading! The Reading Olympics provides an incentive and framework to read a variety of books. The event also encourages youngsters to share their ideas during discussions at the individual schools. One of the most rewarding aspects of this "Celebration of Reading" is that not only outstanding readers are included. Many students from a variety of classes have met the challenge of reading with their classmates.
Please contact us for more information!


text:
Mississippi Board of Education
The Mississippi Board of Education is made up of nine members. Each member is appointed according to the rules in the Mississippi Constitution. The Board appoints the State Superintendent of Education, sets public education policy and oversees the Mississippi Department of Education.
Section 203 of the Mississippi Constitution was amended on July 1, 1984. It requires that the Mississippi Governor shall appoint one (1) member from Mississippi's Northern Supreme Court District, one (1) member from Mississippi's Central Supreme Court District, one (1) member from Mississippi's Southern Supreme Court District, one (1) member who is employed as a school administrator, and one (1) member who is employed as a public school teacher. Additionally, the Lieutenant Governor shall appoint two (2) members at-large, and the Speaker of the Mississippi House of Representatives shall appoint two (2) members at-large.
Educational Priorities and Board Mission
In its role as a policy maker, the Board of Education has a vision, mission, and set of goals. To further its efforts to create a world-class education system, the Board has also published its legislative priorities for the 2013 legislative year. You can view the board's 2013 legislative priorities here.
Current Board Members


Materials
Materials_250
Penetration Grading
Cite
close citation
Please copy/paste the following text to properly cite this Pavement Interactive article:
"Penetration Grading" 16 August 2007. _URL_ <_URL_ 29 May 2015
Print this pageEmail this to someoneShare on FacebookTweet about this on TwitterShare on Google+Share on LinkedInShare on RedditDigg this
The penetration grading system was developed in the early 1900s to characterize the consistency of semi-solid asphalts. Penetration grading quantifies the following asphalt concrete characteristics:
Penetration grading's basic assumption is that the less viscous the asphalt, the deeper the needle will penetrate. This penetration depth is empirically (albeit only roughly) correlated with asphalt binder performance. Therefore, asphalt binders with high penetration numbers (called "soft") are used for cold climates while asphalt binders with low penetration numbers (called "hard") are used for warm climates. Penetration grading key advantages and disadvantages are listed in Table 1.
Table 1. Advantages and Disadvantages of the Penetration Grading from Roberts et al., 1996[1])
Advantages Disadvantages
The test is done at 25° C (77° F), which is reasonably close to a typical pavement average temperature. The test is empirical and does not measure any fundamental engineering parameter such as viscosity.
May also provide a better correlation with low-temperature asphalt binder properties than the viscosity test, which is performed at 60° C (140° F). Shear rate is variable and high during the test. Since asphalt binders typically behave as a non-Newtonian fluid at 25° C (77° F), this will affect test results.
Temperature susceptibility (the change in asphalt binder rheology with temperature) can be determined by conducting the test at temperatures other than 25° C (77° F). Temperature susceptibility (the change in asphalt binder rheology with temperature) cannot be determined by a single test at 25° C (77° F).
The test is quick and inexpensive. Therefore, it can easily be used in the field. The test does not provide information with which to establish mixing and compaction temperatures.
Penetration grades are listed as a range of penetration units (one penetration unit = 0.1 mm) such as 120 – 150. Penetration grades specified in AASHTO M 20 and ASTM D 946 are listed in Table 2.
Table 2. AASHTO M 20 and ASTM D 946 Penetration Grades
Penetration Grade Comments
40 – 50 Hardest grade.
60 – 70 Typical grades used in the U.S.
85 – 100
120 – 150
200 – 300 Softest grade. Used for cold climates such as northern Canada (Roberts et al., 1996[1])
A few states still have provisions for the penetration grading system. These will most likely disappear as the Superpave PG system becomes more prevalent.
Footnotes (↵ returns to text)
 1. Roberts, F.L.; Kandhal, P.S.; Brown, E.R.; Lee, D.Y. and Kennedy, T.W. (1996). Hot Mix Asphalt Materials, Mixture Design, and Construction. National Asphalt Pavement Association Education Foundation. Lanham, MD.

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Thanks for sharing Penetration Grading.


2.ColumnWidths = "100,150,150"
where lnTeam is a variable
RE: populating listbox
Quote:
Use "table"
No. Remove the double quotes. For example:
CODE
USE TestTeam
But you need to do that once only, before you call the code that sets the RowSource. For example, do it in the Load event of the form. (And you should only do it if the table is not already open.)
This is a better way:
CODE
IF NOT USED("TestTeam")
 USE TestTeam IN 0
ENDIF
Quote:
thisform.list2.RowSource = lnTeam
What's lnTeam? Is it a variable that holds the name of the table? If so, that's fine.
The stuff with column count and column widths look OK too.
Mike

__________________________________
Mike Lewis (Edinburgh, Scotland)
Visual FoxPro articles, tips, training, consultancy

RE: populating listbox
(OP)
Yes lnTeam holds the table name
RE: populating listbox
(OP)
Now this code is giving me fits
on the fwrite line
CODE
lnFileHandle3 = FCREATE('C:\Stats3.txt') && creating final file
PUBLIC newline3
*lnCount3 = OCCURS(',', z)*
LOCAL lnFileHandle7 && numeric file handle
lnFileHandle7 = FOPEN( "C:\Stats2.txt") && open previous file for reading
IF lnFileHandle7 = -1
 && error, could not open the file
 && do something to handle the error
 RETURN
ENDIF
LOCAL lcLine && define a variable to hold each line
DO WHILE NOT FEOF( lnFileHandle7) && loop through the file
 lcLine = FGETS( lnFileHandle7) && store each line in lcLine

 lp1.text3.value = GETWORDCOUNT(lcLine)

 FWRITE(lnFileHandle3, GETWORDCOUNT(lcLine))

ENDDO
FCLOSE(lnFileHandle3)
FCLOSE(lnFileHandle7)
RE: populating listbox
You can only FWRITE() strings into a file, GETWORDCOUNT() returns a number.
Bye, Olaf.
RE: populating listbox
TheGame,
What on earth is this FWRITE() code all about? We were talking about listboxes. Where does this new code you posted come into it?
Have you still got problems with populating your listbox?
Mike
__________________________________
Mike Lewis (Edinburgh, Scotland)
Visual FoxPro articles, tips, training, consultancy

RE: populating listbox
(OP)
Sorry I meant to start that on a new post, I will do that
RE: populating listbox
OK, I saw you new post about FWRITE().
So, what's the story with the listbox? Do you still have the problem, or have you resolved it?
Mike
__________________________________
Mike Lewis (Edinburgh, Scotland)
Visual FoxPro articles, tips, training, consultancy

RE: populating listbox
(OP)
I resolved it, thanks for the ideas, you guys are awesome
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Tizen Native API 5.0
plug_inheritance_tree.png
An object that allows one to show an image which other process created. It can be used anywhere like any other elementary widget.
This widget emits the following signals:
 - "clicked": the user clicked the image (press/release). The event parameter of the callback will be NULL.
 - "image,deleted": the server side was deleted. The event parameter of the callback will be NULL.
 - "image,resized": the server side was resized. The event parameter of the callback will be Evas_Coord_Size (two integers).
Note:
the event "image,resized" will be sent whenever the server resized its image and this always happen on the first time. Then it can be used to track when the server-side image is fully known (client connected to server, retrieved its image buffer through shared memory and resized the evas object).
Functions
Evas_Objectelm_plug_add (Evas_Object *parent)
Function Documentation
Add a new plug image to the parent.
Parameters:
parentThe parent object
Returns:
The new plug image object or NULL if it cannot be created
Since :
2.3.1


text:
Introduction: Why do you want to find out if someone is on dating apps?
Nowadays, dating apps are really popular. People may want to know if someone they like is on one of these apps. Reasons could be curiosity, distrust, or to check their honesty.
Doing so would give an idea of their online activities. Many people use dating apps to meet others, as well as other social media. So, knowing if someone is on a dating app can help you to understand them better and prevent any deception.
Plus, finding out if they use a dating app before getting too involved could help set expectations and boundaries. For example, if you're looking for something serious but they just want to casually date, it's important to know this early.
In addition, discovering if someone is on dating apps can also be for safety. It's important to make sure your partner is honest, respectful, and meets your standards. Checking if someone is on a dating app can verify their identity and protect you from any harm.
All in all, dating apps are now widespread. Knowing if someone is on them can give useful info about their online presence, set expectations, and ensure safety.
Using People Search Engines:
Individuals who want to find out if someone is using dating apps can use People Search Engines. These are online tools that can provide info about a person. They can search through large amounts of data and extract the relevant info to find a person's social media presence.
Using People Search Engines involves some steps. Firstly, enter the person's name and other details like age, gender, location. Secondly, the engine processes this info and looks through different websites for relevant data. Thirdly, it provides a report with the person's social media profiles, including dating apps. Fourthly, users can pay for more detailed info if needed. Fifthly, people search engines require some personal info before the search can start. Finally, read the terms and conditions before committing to using people search engines.
People Search Engines can be useful, but not all info is accurate or up-to-date. Also, some search engines may require personal info, which can lead to identity theft or online harm. So, approach People Search Engines with caution and consider alternative methods.
According to Women's Health Mag, some of the best People Search Engines are Pipl, Intelius, and Spokeo. They have been reviewed positively for their effectiveness and accuracy when finding information using people search engines.
Other Methods to Verify Dating Profiles:
Verifying dating profiles is important. Here are some great ways:
- Reverse image search: Google reverse image search or similar tools can help. Upload the profile picture to search for matches on various dating websites. This can detect fake identities and cheating.
- Check social media: Many link their dating accounts to their social media. Check Facebook, Instagram, or LinkedIn for confirmation of identity, employment, and location.
- Background check service: Hire a background check service to verify criminal record, address, and other public records.
- Request video/phone call: Make sure the person's appearance and voice match their profile. Ask for a video chat or phone call.
- Check for inconsistencies: Be aware of any inconsistencies in profile info such as location, occupation, or hobbies. Inconsistencies may indicate dishonesty.
Prioritize safety and well-being when it comes to online dating. Follow your instincts and use common sense when communicating with strangers.
Conclusion: Final Thoughts on Finding Out If Someone Is On Dating Apps.
Figuring out if a person has a dating app is easier with tech. Special tools like social media search engines can uncover a dating app profile. You need to search hard, including their emails, usernames and personal info. First, decide which app platform they use.
Another way is by searching directories and review websites. Asking friends or people with dating app experience can also help.
To sum it up, you can tell if someone's using a dating app with many tools and techniques. But remember, respect their privacy. Everyone has the right to their own life and relationships.
FAQs about How To Find Out If Someone Is On Dating Apps?
How can I find out if someone is registered on dating sites?
There are several ways to find out if someone is registered on dating sites. One of the most straightforward methods is using a people search engine like TruthFinder or BeenVerified. These tools can help you uncover someone's digital footprints, including social media accounts, dating profiles, and more.
Can I use a dating profile finder to trace someone's dating profiles with limited information?
Yes, you can. People search engines like BeenVerified have advanced search algorithms that can help you find someone's dating profiles with just a name, phone number, or email address. Within a few minutes, you can get a complete report that includes the person's contact information, social media profiles, criminal records, and more.
How does Social Catfish help me verify someone's online identity?
Social Catfish is a specialized website that uses advanced search algorithms and an extensive database to provide insights into potential fake or duplicate profiles. By examining a person's name, email, phone number, or social media profiles, Social Catfish can help you verify their online identity and uncover hidden dating profiles.
What is the most effective way to find someone's social and dating profiles?
Using a people search engine like TruthFinder or BeenVerified is the most straightforward way to find someone's social and dating profiles. These tools can pull up information from various sources, including social media accounts, dating profiles, known associates, and other pertinent details associated with the name provided.
Can I use a dating profile finder to trace someone's dating profiles on apps like Tinder or Bumble?
Yes, you can use tools like BeenVerified or TruthFinder to find someone's dating profiles on apps like Tinder or Bumble. These people search engines can help you uncover digital footprints associated with the person's name, email, phone number, or even image.
What kind of information do I need to provide to use a dating profile finder?
To use a people search engine like BeenVerified or TruthFinder, you need to provide some basic information about the person, such as their name, email, phone number, or username. Some tools may also allow you to start a search using an image.


text:
During this especially dark and difficult time for Israel and the Jewish people,
we offer these Hanukkah resources to help enhance and bring meaning to your chag:
Our new downloadable Shema Bekolah Hanukkah Reader features divrei Torah by women,
which you can print or read online.
which you can keep handy for candle lighting time.
Finally, we share Eight Ways to Increase the Light of Hanukkah This Year —
eight simple ideas for increasing the light of Hanukkah, as we celebrate its traditions,
appreciate its miracles, and hope for new miracles to come in our own day.


text:
A showy plant thought to have been long gone from Maine has been found this summer.
Officials say the Unicorn Root was found this summer on private land in Bowdoin after having last been seen in the state 130 years ago.
Unicorn Root features is a tall flowering stalk with white flowers that appear in June through August. It's also known as White Colic-root or Colicroot.
It grows in open, moist, sandy ground and is typically associated with tallgrass prairie habitats and damp, sandy meadows with little to no topsoil.
The last known specimen in Maine was collected near Lewiston in 1887. This summer, about 300 flowering stems were found in Bowdoin.
Copyright AP - Associated Press


text:
Journey Through the Jungle
Exhibit open through Dec. 14, 2012
103 Rowe Hall
Central Michigan University
"Journey Through the Jungle: A Fascinating Look at Life in the Rainforest" is on display through December 14th at CMU's Museum of Cultural and Natural History. The exhibit includes photos and displays of plants and animals that live in the rainforest, live critters and a display on rainforest conservation. The exhibit features a large children's section that includes a replica bat cave and tribal hut, passports for kids to earn stickers at each station they visit, and several hands-on activities.
Special groups of no more than 28 students can book the following activities either in addition to their Journey Through the Jungle tour or separate from the tour. Not all activities require the same about of time.
Grades K-2: The Great Kapok Tree
Students will learn that many animals in the rainforest are dependent upon the kapok tree as they listen to and interact with the story, The Great Kapok Tree
, by Lynn Cherry. Students will also learn about the problem of deforestation. This activity can also include a writing experience. This activity takes about 20 minutes without the writing experience.Click to view Educational Standards
Grades 3-4: Plant/Animal Classification
Students will experience classification as something that scientists do and will classify plants and animals individually and in small groups into several different categories. This activity takes about 30 minutes.Click to view Educational Standards
Grades 3-4: Rainforest Food Chain/Food Web
Students will learn how several animals in the rainforest are dependent upon the kapok tree and will form food chains and food webs as they listen to the story, The Great Kapok Tree
, by Lynn Cherry. Students also will learn about the problem of deforestation. This activity can also include a writing experience. This activity takes about 20 minutes without the writing activity.Click to view Educational Standards
Grades 5-6: Rainforest Food Chain/Food Web
This is a much more complex activity than the one for grades 3-4. Students will simulate food chains and food webs, mutualistic relationships, and what happens in the tropical rainforest if a species is removed. This activity takes about 45 minutes.Click to view Educational Standards
Mon. - Fri., 8 a.m. to 5 p.m.
Sat. & Sun., 1 p.m. to 5 p.m.
Closed during university holidays and breaks.
General admission to the Journey Through the Jungle exhibit is free and open to the public. Teachers and those wishing to book group tours should contact Tricia Kierst at _PHONE_ for scheduling and pricing information.
Location & Parking
Resources for Teachers


text:
Inspired by a rare archival detail, the Interlocking G Horsebit print defines this scarf, mixing with a geometric ribbon motif. Symbolic House codes continue to be reimagined throughout the latest collections.
- Interlocking G Horsebit and ribbons print navy organic silk twill
- Green borders
- This product contains organic silk where the sericulture and manufacturing process restrict the use of chemicals, eliminate pesticides or artificial fertilizers and incorporate methods that respect biodiversity, improve soil quality, and reduce water consumption.
- 35.5″W x 35.5″L
- 100% Silk
- Made in Italy


text:
American English Video Vocabulary Builder
Lesson 42. Body parts - 7. Past tense, 3rd person
Lesson 43. Body parts - 1. Future tense, 1st person
Lesson 44. Body parts - 2. Future tense, 1st person
Lesson 45. Body parts - 3. Future tense, 1st person
Lesson 46. Body parts - 4. Future tense, 1st person
Lesson 48. Body parts - 6. Future tense, 1st person
Lesson 49. Body parts - 7. Future tense, 1st person
Learn new English words and grammar at the same time!
To help you learn how to conjugate English verbs, we created several versions of each lesson: in past, present and future tense, as well as in the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd person. This way, you will learn the English ways to say "I listen to music," "I listened to music," "I will listen to music," "You listen to music," etc.
All lessons have English subtitles.
As of today American English vocabulary builder includes 63 video lessons for a total duration of more than 2 hours. This is an ongoing project. We constantly add new lessons.
In order to get access to all lessons, you need to buy the subscription Premium.


text:
Mar 28, 2012 / ENERGY GLOBE Award
Project presentation - "Onshore power supply"
The Port of Gothenburg was one of the first ports in the world to offer onshore power supply with high voltage to commercial vessels (year 2000), a technology that reduces local air pollutants, greenhouse gas emissions and noise to a minimum when using environmentally labeled energy.
In total, one in every three vessels that calls at the Port of Gothenburg can now turn off its diesel engines at the quayside and use onshore power supply instead.
The power is supplied by environmentally labeled electricity like wind power. Today the Port is involved in several global collaborative networks for example World Ports Climate Initiative and Clean North Sea Shipping, which are aimed at spreading this technology to other ports around the world.
One result has been the development of the website: _URL_.


Get YouTube Video Categories API Example in PHP
Building YouTube Video Categories API Extractor: In this tutorial, we'll walk through a PHP code snippet designed to fetch YouTube video categories for a specific country based on its region code. This code utilizes the YouTube Data API to provide a list of available video categories tailored to the specified region. We will be fetching YouTube video category id along with category name.
What is a YouTube video category?
A YouTube video category serves as a system for classifying and organizing content on the YouTube platform. Its primary purpose is to facilitate the seamless discovery of videos aligned with users' interests, streamlining navigation and content exploration. When users upload videos to YouTube, they have the option to designate a specific category that best characterizes the content.
Purpose of YouTube Video Categories
 1. Effective Organization: Video categories play a crucial role in structuring the extensive and diverse content available on YouTube. By assigning a category to a video, both content creators and viewers benefit from an organized platform where videos are grouped by themes or topics.
 2. Improved Discoverability: Users can easily explore videos within their areas of interest by leveraging video categories. This feature enhances the discoverability of content, enabling users to find videos that resonate with their preferences or hobbies.
 3. Informed Recommendations: YouTube's recommendation algorithms consider video categories when suggesting content. As users engage with videos in a specific category, the platform may recommend additional content from similar or related categories.
 4. Customization for Creators and Users: Content creators have the flexibility to choose from a predefined list of video categories during the upload process. This customization ensures accurate labeling of content, making it more accessible for the target audience to discover and enjoy.
YouTube Video Categories Examples
 - Music: Videos featuring musical content such as music videos, covers, and live performances.
 - Gaming: Content related to video games, including gameplay, reviews, and walkthroughs.
 - Education: Informative and educational videos, tutorials, and lectures.
 - Entertainment: General entertainment content, including comedy sketches, vlogs, and variety shows.
 - News: Videos providing news updates, analysis, and commentary.
 - Science & Technology: Content centered around science, technology, and innovation.
 - Sports: Videos covering various sports, including highlights, analysis, and athlete interviews.
 - Travel & Events: Videos showcasing travel experiences, events, and adventures.
By consciously selecting appropriate categories, content creators contribute to a well-structured and user-friendly platform, fostering an environment where viewers can easily explore and enjoy diverse content tailored to their interests.
Requirements or Prerequisites
 - Basic knowledge of PHP
 - YouTube API Key
10 Easy Steps to Generate Your YouTube API Key
Steps to Build YouTube Video Category Finder
1. Setting up Authentication
// Build Authentication
$YOUTUBE_API_KEY = "Your_YouTube_API_Key";
$youtube_api_url = '_URL_
$regionCode = "US"; // Country Code we want to fetch the YouTube categories for
In this section, replace "Your_YouTube_API_Key" with your actual YouTube Data API key. Additionally, set the desired country's region code in the $regionCode variable. Set it to IN, if you want to get the YouTube video categories for India.
2. Building Query Parameters
// Build Query and its Parameters
$params = [
 'part' => 'snippet',
 'regionCode' => $regionCode,
 'key' => $YOUTUBE_API_KEY,
];
$url = $youtube_api_url . '?' . http_build_query($params);
This part constructs the query parameters required for the YouTube Data API request. We specify the part as 'snippet' to request basic details, and the regionCode to target video categories specific to the chosen country.
3. Making the cURL Request
// Build the cURL structure & run it
$ch = curl_init($url);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, true);
$response = curl_exec($ch);
Here, cURL is used to make an HTTP request to the YouTube Data API with the constructed URL. The response is stored in the $response variable.
4. Handling the API Response
// Handle the cURL call's response by YouTube API
if ($response === false) {
 echo json_encode(['error' => 'Error: ' . curl_error($ch)]);
} else {
 $http_code = curl_getinfo($ch, CURLINFO_HTTP_CODE);
 if ($http_code !== 200) {
 echo json_encode(['error' => 'Error: Unexpected HTTP response code - ' . $http_code]);
 } else {
 $categories = json_decode($response, true)['items'] ?? [];
 if (empty($categories)) {
 echo json_encode(['error' => 'No categories found.']);
 } else {
 // Output the fetched categories in HTML select dropdown format
 $dropdownOptions = 'YouTube Video Category for ' . $regionCode . ':';
 $dropdownOptions .= '<select id="videoCategory" name="videoCategory">';
 foreach ($categories as $category) {
 $dropdownOptions .= '<option value="' . $category['id'] . '">' . htmlspecialchars($category['snippet']['title']) . '</option>';
 }
 $dropdownOptions .= '</select>';
 echo $dropdownOptions;
 }
 }
}
This section checks the HTTP response code. If it's not 200 (OK), an error is displayed. If the response is successful, the JSON data is decoded, and the available youtube video category list for the specified country is extracted and shown in a dropdown.
10 Fresh YouTube Channel Ideas for Explosive Growth in 2024
5. Closing the cURL Session
curl_close($ch);
Finally, the cURL session is closed to free up resources.
Complete Code: YouTube Video Categories API
<?php
 $YOUTUBE_API_KEY = "Your_YouTube_API_Key";
 $youtube_api_url = '_URL_
 $regionCode = "US"; // Country Code we want to fetch the YouTube categories for
 //Build Query and its Parameters
 $params = [
 'part' => 'snippet',
 'regionCode' => $regionCode,
 'key' => $YOUTUBE_API_KEY,
 ];
 $url = $youtube_api_url . '?' . http_build_query($params);
 // Build the cURL structure & run it
 $ch = curl_init($url);
 curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, true);
 $response = curl_exec($ch);
 // Handle the cURL call's response by Youtube API
 if ($response === false) {
 echo json_encode(['error' => 'Error: ' . curl_error($ch)]);
 } else {
 $http_code = curl_getinfo($ch, CURLINFO_HTTP_CODE);
 if ($http_code !== 200) {
 echo json_encode(['error' => 'Error: Unexpected HTTP response code - ' . $http_code]);
 } else {
 $categories = json_decode($response, true)['items'] ?? [];
 if (empty($categories)) {
 echo json_encode(['error' => 'No categories found.']);
 } else {
 // Output the fetched categories in HTML select dropdown format
 $dropdownOptions = 'YouTube Video Category for '.$regionCode.':';
 $dropdownOptions .= '<select id="videoCategory" name="videoCategory">';

 foreach ($categories as $category) {
 $dropdownOptions .= '<option value="' . $category['id'] . '">' . htmlspecialchars($category['snippet']['title']) . '</option>';
 }
 $dropdownOptions .= '</select>';
 echo $dropdownOptions;
 }
 }
 }
 curl_close($ch);
?>
Conclusion
This PHP code provides a straightforward way to fetch YouTube video category list tailored to a specific country using the YouTube Data API. By customizing the region code, developers can integrate this functionality into their applications to provide localized options for users when selecting video categories.
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Link Search Menu Expand Document
Playing Haptic Clips
Haptic clips are created with either the Studio desktop app or the Studio web app. A haptic clip contains high-definition, device-agnostic haptic data that the Studio framework for iOS uses to create an optimal haptic effect on playback devices. The playback of these haptic clips requires only three simple steps:
 1. Load the haptic clip into the LofeltHaptics object with the load() method.
 2. Start playback of the haptic clip with the play() method.
 3. Stop playback of the haptic clip with the stop() method (which is only needed when you wish to stop the haptic clip before it has finished playing).
Checking if device meets haptic requirements
func deviceMeetsMinimumRequirements() -> Bool
The deviceMeetsMinimumRequirements() method allows you to easily check if the iOS device meets the minimum requirements to playback haptics designed with Lofelt Studio. At the moment, the iOS minimum requirements are: - iOS 13+ - iPhone 8 or newer
Load
func load(data: String) throws
The load() method allows you to load the contents of a haptic clip into memory before triggering playback with play(). This preloading procedure is crucial for achieving tight synchronization between a haptic clip and its associated audio sample.
Play
func play() throws
The play() method initiates haptic playback of the haptic clip currently loaded into the LofeltHaptics instance.
Playback of the haptic effect always starts from the beginning of the haptic clip and automatically stops when playback reaches the end of the haptic clip. However, you can stop playback of the haptic effect prematurely with the stop() method.
Stop
func stop() throws
If the LofeltHaptics object is currently playing a haptic clip, the stop() method terminates playback. If a haptic clip is not playing, the stop() method will have no effect.
Using the stop() method leaves the currently loaded haptic clip in memory. A subsequent play() method will play the same haptic clip again starting from the beginning.
Seek
func seek(time: float) throws
Once a haptic clip has been loaded with load(), the seek() method moves playback to the given time position within the haptic. The playback state (playing or stopped) will not be changed unless seeking beyond the end of the haptic clip which will stop playback. Seeking to a position before the start of the clip (a negative time position) will simply move playback to the start of the clip leaving the playback state unchanged.
Clip duration
func getClipDuration() -> float
Once a haptic clip has been loaded with load(), it is possible to get its duration in seconds. If no clip is loaded and getClipDuration is called, the returned value will be 0.0.
Code Examples
Play haptic with audio
let haptics = try? LofeltHaptics.init()
// Fetch a Haptic Clip from the asset catalog.
let hapticClip = NSDataAsset(name: "haptic_clip.haptic")
// Load its data into an NSString.
let hapticData = NSString(data: hapticClip!.data , encoding: String.Encoding.utf8.rawValue)
// Load it into the LofeltHaptics object as a String.
try? haptics.load(hapticData! as String)
// Play audio and haptics (audio must be played first).
audioPlayer?.play()
haptics?.play()
Where:
 - hapticData is of type String and is the contents of a haptic clip created with Studio.
 - audioPlayer is some kind of audio player, for example, AVAudioPlayer.
It is important to play the audio before the haptic effect for optimal audio/haptic synchronicity.
Seek to a position in haptic
let haptics = try? LofeltHaptics.init()
// Fetch a Haptic Clip from the asset catalog.
let hapticClip = NSDataAsset(name: "haptic_clip.haptic")
// Load its data into an NSString.
let hapticData = NSString(data: hapticClip!.data , encoding: String.Encoding.utf8.rawValue)
// Load it into the LofeltHaptics object as a String.
try? haptics.load(hapticData! as String)
haptics?.play()
try! haptics.seek(1.0)
Where:
 - hapticData is of type String and is the contents of a haptic clip created with Studio.
Example Project
In thesdk/examples/ios folder within the Lofelt Studio download, there is an example project for playing haptic clips on iPhone called LofeltHapticsExamplePreAuthored. To run the example, open the project in Xcode, target your iPhone, and build. The example provides two buttons that, when pressed and released, will trigger audio files and accompanying haptic clips.
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text:
Create a link to a Tab or Accordion on a different page.
Editors, Publishers, Site Managers, and Site Admins.
1. Navigate to the page containing the tab or accordion.
2. Open the tab you want to link to, by clicking on it. In this example, "Emergency Response."
3. Copy the relative link in the URL bar. (The # denotes the name of the open tab.)
4. Navigate to the page where you want to put the link. Edit the page and drag over the text. Click the Link tool in the toolbar.
5. Change the Link Type to "URL" and the Protocol to "Other." Paste the relative link in the URL field. In this case, make sure to include the preceding slash. Click OK.
When clicked, the link will take the user to the designated page, with the Emergency Response tab already open.


text:
We generally quote the speed accuracy as a percentage of the indicated speed. For test machines running at very slow speeds, we also add an extra accuracy tolerance based on an absolute value. These speed accuracy statements are considered to be part of the original manufacturer's specification.
- Test machine with an accuracy of ± 2% of indicated speed is set to run at 200 mm/min. The allowable speed tolerance is therefore "± 2% of 200 mm/min". This equates to ± 4mm/min. So the machine will be running between 196 – 204 mm/min.
- Test machine with an accuracy of ± 2% of indicated speed is set to run at 0.5 mm/min. The allowable speed tolerance is "± 2% of 0.5 mm/min or ±20 µ/min (whichever is greater)". This equates to = +/- 0.01mm/min (= 10 µ/min) and since 20 µ/min is greater, this will be considered as the dominant tolerance. So the machine will be running between 0.48 – 0.52 mm/min.
However, machine wear can be expected over time and may potentially adversely affect both speed and displacement measurement. Machine wear is dependent on factors such as the frequency of usage, harsh operating environments, and the types of test performed (e.g., sudden breaks of stiff materials may cause energy recoil which affects mechanical parts etc.). A full overhaul of the test frame may be required to bring the test system back to its original manufacturer's specification.


20 Deep Questions to Ask Your Boyfriend
It would be difficult to decipher what exactly is running through the mind of your boyfriend or anybody. How is it possible to find out what is the inner layer of current running through his mind? The best way to dig out something from the deep inner thought of a person is asking some intelligent questions. For people who are in a deep relationship and confused to know about the hidden trait, it is better to ask these 20 deep questions.
deep questions to ask your boyfriend
 1. What is the most disturbing thing in your life that you regret always?
The question has an emotional attachment when you ask this question to your boyfriend he will feel secured to open his mind. He may tell you those top guarded secret in his life and share those feeling with you. If he opens his mind and tells you all about his life, it is a good indication to make you understand, why he regrets that incident. You can relate those events with any of the current incidents and plan your relationship with your boyfriend.
 1. How do you define about yourself?
This is an open question allowing him to explain about himself. So people have a good assessment about their positive and negative drawbacks. This will also give you a chance to understand whether he want to hide something deliberately from you.
 1. Have been into a relationship before?
You may feel it is an embarrassing question. It is better to know about his past relationship or relationships. If he had many relationships and you are also one among them, then it will give you a good understanding of the person.
 1. Do you believe in marriage?
There is no ill feeling asking a direct question straight to point if you are thinking of a wedding life with your boyfriend and he is not yet proposed to you. As the common adage say, ladies always first. So take the chance and force him to open his mind.
 1. What is the good thing about me that attract you the most?
This question let you focus on what is the best thing that attracted him to you. It could be your eyes, hair, lips, your skin, your body posture, your talking style, your manners or anything. This will let you more refine in those areas and make him very comfortable.
 1. Tell me what do you think about beauty?
Are you serious in asking this question? You can certainly find out from him what he is thinking about beauty. If he is the person with exceptional qualities, he will let you know the difference between the inner beauty and physical beauty. Beauty is always in the beholders eyes.
 1. What do you do if you lose somebody in a terrible accident?
If you want to know your boyfriend, how deep is he emotionally attached to his close friends and relatives. People with strong emotional attachments are trustworthy guys. It is a good question. Listen to him carefully.
 1. What is your future plan?
When having a relationship for a long time and yet you are unsure about the future plans, it is time for you to ask this question to your boyfriend. This will, or it will force him to open his mind and discuss about his future plans. Who knows, maybe the answer what you are looking for all these days, you can hear from his mouth.
 1. Do you like to be loved or respected?
If you are confused about the character of your boyfriend and you cannot identify whether he want to be respected or loved, you can certainly through this question. People who are very much serious in character would say that want to get respected rather than loved. It is good, let whatever be the answer. You can take the cues to nourish the relationship.
 1. What is your favorite color?
Is there anything special in the color sense? Yes, people who life soft colors will be soft in thoughts than people who opt for violent colors.
 1. What is your best food?
Food habits and food choices are always imperative in any relationship. It is better to have common food habits to have a sustainable long-standing relationship. If your boyfriend is a non-veg and you are a veggie, then it will always be a conflicting situation when you select the menu, whether at a restaurant or be at home.
 1. What is your professional ambition?
Organized people will have professional goals. They have precise calculations about their life. They will have better plans to achieve their career objectives. It is better to maintain a relationship with somebody who is better organized in their life.
 1. Do you like gambling?
This is a simple question to know the gambling tendency of the person. Gambling for fun is good, but gambling for life is very dangerous.
 1. Do you like to hang around?
In the early stages of your courtship, it will be a delightful experience to hang around with your boyfriend. If he is shy in nature, you can take the initiative by asking this question. He will certainly like to hang around with you.
 1. If your house was on fire, what would be your first thoughts?
It is an easy question to know his priorities when engulfed in an emergency situation. If he is only interested save his personal effects, he is indeed a selfish person. Instead if he gives priority to save human life, pet animals then it shows the right side of his personality.
 1. If you win a lottery what you would do with the money?
An easy going person will find ways to spend all the money for luxury. A serious person with good objectives in life will have calculated movements on how to spend the cash. This is a hypothec question but good one to know him clearly.
 1. Do you love doing charity activities?
People with a kind heart will love to do charity services. If you boyfriend is socially committed, he will love this question.
 1. Do you like traveling?
Most of the people like to travel around the world. But there are different type of travel plans. Some with adventure, some are only interested in visiting historically important places and yet others interested in visiting countries with beautiful beaches. It is a good question indeed to know if his interest is matching with yours.
 1. What do you hate something about yourself?
It is a valuable question to evaluate his personality and confirm that he is also aware of his negative elements in his character. He may regret with you his inability to manage the situation. But it is better to know from your boyfriend so that you can vouch for the situation.
 1. In life if you get a second chance, what would be your preference?
Almost everybody at some stages of their life would have sincerely wished to have a second chance in their life, if they failed to take a right decision at a crucial moment that had just slipped away between cup and lips. It can let you understand how well prepared to grab the next opportunity in life.
These 20 questions may seem to be silly, but each of these questions can help you to analyze the person. His personal plus and negative traits can be easily extracted they way how is responding to these questions. However, make sure to ask these questions very carefully without letting him know that you are asking something very deliberately to evaluate his personality. You can take calculated intervals to put these questions over a period of time and consolidate your opinion about your boyfriend. You may also put a conscious effort by putting you also in the same situation and ask these questions to yourself and get an unbiased answer. You don't have to leave everything to the fate. Calculated movements can bring you long lasting healthy friendship. So make a bold effort to find out the best boyfriend with whom you can have a successful long lasting life.
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Peripheral parenteral nutrition in a case of chyle leak following neck dissection.
@article{Morris2004PeripheralPN,
 title={Peripheral parenteral nutrition in a case of chyle leak following neck dissection.},
 author={Stephen A. C. Morris and Stephen J. Taylor},
 journal={Journal of human nutrition and dietetics : the official journal of the British Dietetic Association},
 year={2004},
 volume={17 2},
 pages={153-5}
}
Chylothorax is an uncommon condition which is potentially life-threatening if untreated. The following case study of a 75-year-old man with chyle leak following surgery shows how prompt dietetic action prevented further compromise in immune function and nutritional status. Dietetic recommendation to minimize enteral intake rapidly stopped chyle flow and promoted wound closure. Peripheral parenteral nutrition (PPN) was administered in order to prevent malnutrition. There is limited literature… CONTINUE READING
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Thursday, September 10, 2009
The Genealogy of Communities: Fishing Camps
By definition a camp is defined as "temporary" living quarters. Many of those housed in camps were making their way to a new life, most were single, and women were few. In her most recent article, "The Genealogy of Communities: Fishing Camps," Judy Rosella Edwards explores the nature of fishing camps and suggests ways to back-track individuals who may have been found in these camps. Skilled workers, for example, may be found plying the same trade in their place of origin, as noted on the census. As fishing camps were "a haven for new immigrants," the article suggests ways of narrowing an ancestor's place of origin through ship manifests. Ideas are also provided for tracking an ancestor forward in time, as they build new lives.


two lighting systems using which, the chart elements are lighted up. The light source may be fixed outside the chart, or you might address it as "Chart World". This causes only those sides of the chart to get the light, which face the light source. Thus, when the chart is manually rotated, dynamic shades are created on the chart surfaces. This system of lighting system is called "Dynamic shading". Another type of lighting system is there where the light source is fixed with the chart. You may call it world lighting. In this case, the light source rotates with the rotation of the chart. Hence, the surface facing the light source gets lightened and continues to be in the bright side despite any manual rotation of the chart being made, whereas the surface not facing the light keeps remaining in darkness with every chart rotation. By default, the chart is set in world mode. However, the dynamicShading attribute lets you decide whether to keep the chart in world mode or non-world mode. If you set dynamicShading to 1, the chart will be in dynamic shading/non-world mode. XML Example: Let's compare the following two charts: one with dynamicShading="0" and the other with dynamicShading="1". Initially, there is no difference between the two charts. The charts are rendered in the same way. Same surfaces of both the charts are facing the light source. (From a particular point of view, the two charts are looking same after being rendered, although the left one is in world mode and the right one is in non-world. Note that the reference viewpoint will be same in all the cases discussed below. ) dynamicShading="0" dynamicShading="1" Shown below are the compared sequence of the two charts, manually rotated by same angles. dynamicShading="0" dynamicShading="1" Notice, that for both the charts the light source is somewhere near the top right corner of the chart center. In case of the chart with dynamicShading="1" (charts on the right hand side), the light source is fixed in that place. It keeps on lighting up the chart surfaces in front of it. On the other hand, the left chart, with dynamicShading="0", keeps the remaining in darkness when any rotation occurs. Setting light source angles In the simulated 3D world of the chart, you can specify the light source w.r.t the chart world coordinate system. You can do this using the following attributes. Attribute Range Description lightAngX 0 to 360/ 0 to -360 Using this, you can specify the angular position of the light source (for X-axis) w.r.t the chart world coordinate system. lightAngY 0 to 360/ 0 to -360 This attribute allows you to specify the angular position of the light source (for Y-axis) w.r.t the chart world coordinate system. The values of lightAngX and lightAngY are same as cameraAngX/startAngX/endAngX and cameraAngY/startAngY/endAngY, as discussed earlier in this section i.e., "Specifying Camera Angles" section. To get a clear picture, let us go through a visual tour and see how the light source can be placed using X and Y angles. The following three images shows how a chart will look with different light angle definitions: XML Example: XML Example: XML Example: XML Example: Using bright2D option bright2D attribute provides maximum brightness to the chart while being rendered in 2D mode. This is applicable only when you've set dynamicShading to 1. However, once you set this attribute to 1, it won't allow you to use lightAngX and lightAngY attributes. Rather, it automatically sets up the light sources to give the brightest view of the chart in 2D mode. XML Example: Controlling light intensity You can control the intensity of the light that falls on the chart elements. The intensity attribute will enable you to do so. The range of this attribute lies between 0 to 10. 10 would provide light with maximum intensity, and you will get the brightest view of the chart. If you set the value to 0, light will be provided with least intensity. However, the chart will never appear in full darkness even you set intensity to 0. A faint light is always made available. By default, the value is set to 2.5. XML Example: If you set intensity="10", i.e., to the maximum, the chart rendered will look like: Setting the wall depth 3D chart has 3 walls namely, XY, YZ, and XZ. You can set the depth of the chart walls using the following set of attributes. Attribute Description YZWallDepth It determines the depth of the YZ wall of 3D chart. ZXWallDepth It determines the depth of the ZX wall of 3D chart. XYWallDepth It determines the depth of the XY wall of 3D chart. XML Example: If you specify the values given in the above XML example, the chart will look like: If all the attributes are set to 0, the chart will look like: You can see above that each wall is looking like a thin plane. Maintaining a gap between two different dataplots In a 3D combination chart, more than one DATAPLOT types exist due to different datasets. Therefore, to get a distinct view of all the plotted datasets you may want to specify a gap between them. The zGapPlot attribute will let you do so. XML Example: If you assign a value to zGapPlot, a gap between the plotted datasets will be created. For example, if you set zGapPlot="100", the chart will look like: On the other hand, if you assign 0 to zGapPlot, the chart will take the following shape, with no gap between the dataplots: 3D thickness of the DATAPLOT objects You can set the depth (3D thickness) of each DATAPLOT object using zDepth attribute. XML Example: Shown below is a chart with each dataplot's thickness value equals to 75. Setting the mode of the chart column In a Combination 3D chart, you can plot multiple number of datasets, which can be rendered as Column. These column sets can be arranged in the chart in 2 modes: clustered or manhattan. The clustered attribute lets you choose any one of them. By default, the value of clustered is 0, i.e. the chart appears in non-clustered mode. To change the mode to clustered mode, you need to set clustered='1'. XML Example: If clustered is set to 1, the chart columns will be in clustered mode. This image below shows a chart in clustered mode: On the other hand, if clustered is set to 0, the chart columns will appear in manhattan mode, as shown in the image below: Applying effect to divisional lines and trendlines You can apply emboss or bevel effect to both divisional lines and trendlines. The divLineEffect attribute lets you do this. You can specify one of the three values: "EMBOSS", "BEVEL" or "NONE". XML Example: or or Zero Plane settings The following attributes lets you configure the zero plane settings. Attribute Description zeroPlaneColor Color for the Zero Plane. Zero Plane is the line/plane that appears at 0 y-position on canvas, when negative data is being shown on the chart. zeroPlaneAlpha Alpha of zero plane. (Value Range 0-100) zeroPlaneMesh Whether to draw a mesh or not. If set to 1, a mesh on the zero plane of the chart will be drawn. By default, a gray mesh is shown as zero plane. If you set zeroPlaneMesh to 0, the chart will have a non-meshed plane as shown below: XML Example: You can set a color to zero plane using zeroPlaneColor attribute. For example, if you set zeroPlaneColor="330099", the chart looks: XML Example: You can change the alpha of zero plane using zeroPlaneAlpha attribute. XML Example: Border around the dataplots You can set border around the dataplots. This improves the data interpretation quality of the chart. The showPlotBorder attribute lets you decide whether to draw a border or not. By default, dataplot borders are drawn. XML Example: The difference between a chart with and without dataplot border is shown below. If showPlotBorder is set to 1, the chart will look similar to the one shown below: On the other hand, if showPlotBorder is set to 0, the chart will look similar to the one shown below: Rendering as a 2D chart You can render a combination 3D chart as a 2D chart initially. You need to use is2D attribute for this. XML Example: As shown below, if is2D is set to 1, a 2D chart will get rendered initially. Chart on top The chart area can overlap the extra chart elements (caption, sub-caption, and legend) at the time of scaling (zooming) or at 100% view. If you set chartOnTop attribute to 1 the chart area would be placed above these elements. On the other hand, if you set chartOnTop to 0, caption, sub-caption and legend would always appear on the top of the chart. XML Example: As shown below, the chart area overshadows the extra chart elements when you zoom in using the mouse scroller.


text:
Georgia Department of Natural Resources
Parks and Historic Sites Division
Sherry D. Hearn
Use of State Quality Core Curriculum Objectives for various grade levels
and suggested activities
before and during visits are designed to ensure a quality learning experience.
Soft Drink Machine
Special Park and Historic Site Rules:
Fort Morris is owned by the state of Georgia and operated by the Department
of Natural Resources, Parks and Historic Sites Division. Visitors are
reminded that others may also be touring the site. All plants, animals
and historic features are protected by law.
Preparing Your Students:
Prior to the visit, students should receive background information about
the site. Following is an outline of content related to the site. Teachers
may use whatever portions are suitable for their classes.
QCC objectives from the State Department of Education that may be met
through this field trip are also identified for teachers' convenience.
Finally, a list of suggested activities, including maps and vocabulary
is included. Copies may be made for classroom activities.
Field Trip Presentations, Including "Living History" Programs
Standard Presentation includes:
After visiting the site students' learning may be extended and reinforced
with additional activities. A suggested list is included for teachers'


text:
Significance and Use
LDD is an indicator of the effectiveness of operations. Excessive LDD can indicate poor internal management and controls, policy or procedural weaknesses, or lack of compliance, any one of which can impact entity profitability, mission performance, or reputation.
Addressing and reporting LDD provides a guideline for action for decision makers.
Though the term equipment is used consistently throughout this practice, this process may be used for the other classes of property, for example, material.
1.1 This practice focuses on addressing and reporting loss, damage, or destruction (LDD) of tangible property.
1.2 LDD events are key aspects of risk management. Projecting the possibility or probability of LDD, discovering, disclosing, reporting, managing, and minimizing LDD is a critical and economic factor in the success of the owning or holding entity. This practice also establishes acceptable levels of LDD.
1.3 LDD events are often discovered as a result of a physical inventory or other audit. An actual LDD event can occur at any time during the property life cycle.
1.4 LDD events resulting from natural disasters or other incidents beyond the control of an entity are not subject to the criteria in 1.7. Reporting LDD events is required.
1.5 Natural degradation or normal wear and tear are not considered LDD events and are not addressed in this practice (they may, however, be considered in establishing residual value).
1.6 Loss, damage, and destruction, while three completely different events, are addressed as one for the purposes of this practice.
1.7 This practice does not address situations where LDD is an expected outcome, for example, destructive testing.
1.8 Assessing pecuniary liability for loss, damage, or destruction is not addressed in this practice; such assessments are subject to law.
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents (purchase separately) The documents listed below are referenced within the subject standard but are not provided as part of the standard.
E2132 Practice for Inventory Verification: Electronic and Physical Inventory of Assets
E2135 Terminology for Property and Asset Management
E2279 Practice for Establishing the Guiding Principles of Property Management
E2378 Practice for the Recognition of Impaired or Retired Personal Property
E2608 Practice for Equipment Control Matrix (ECM)
damage; destruction tangible property; LDD; loss; Destruction (of property); Loss damage estimation; Property damage/loss/assessment; Assessment/Assesors--buildings; Destruction (of property); Loss damage estimation; Property damage/loss/assessment; Assessment/Assesors--buildings;
ICS Number Code 91.120.01 (Protection of and in buildings in general)
ASTM International is a member of CrossRef.
Citing ASTM Standards
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