Haptics effects in Qt
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This article shows how to provide haptic feedback to users (either through vibration or audio) using the Qt Feedback API. This could be used in games or UIs to improve the user experience.
Reasons: hamishwillee (02 Mar 2012)
Article Metadata
Created: lpvalente (23 Nov 2010)
Last edited: hamishwillee (11 Oct 2012)
Before we start
First of all, it's important to understand the concept of actuators. An actuator is a device responsible for providing tactile feedback. It's like a tiny motor that produces a physical effect to a command sent by our application.
The Feedback API abstract those devices through the QFeedbackActuator class. Those devices are identified by the id() and have a name(). Please see QFeedbackActuator for the complete documentation.
The actuators are capable of providing different effects. For example, on the Nokia N8 the actuator named "Touch" is capable of providing feedback when the user touches the screen. The actuator named "Vibra" is the one that works when producing vibration (like the one that occurs when the phone is ringing). To know which actuators exists in the device, the API provides this method:
QList list = QFeedbackActuator::actuators () ;
With that list in hand you are able to query which actuators you can use.
Making it vibrate
Now we're going to show how to make the phone vibrate. The API provides a class named QFeedbackHapticsEffect that abstract the concept of "feedback effect".
How it works
The effect is composed of three parts: start, middle, and end. The start part is called "attack", and the end part is called "fade". The API provides methods to configure all those parts. The end result is that the total time the effect lasts is "attack" + main part + "fade". Let's see an example:
QfeedbackHapticsEffect effect;
effect.setIntensity (0.5);
effect.setDuration (1000);
This piece of code configures the effect to last for 1 second (1000 ms) and have an intensity of 50%. The intensity is a number between 0.0 and 1.0, with this last value meaning "full intensity". The method start() starts playing the effect, and stop() is used to stop playing it.
What about the actuators?
The device plays the effect using one of its actuators. In the example, it uses the "default actuator". In the N8, this happens to be the "Touch" actuator. So, how can we make the device vibrate? We need to change the actuator!
// get the actuator list
// get the Vibra
QFeedbackActuator * vibra = 0;
foreach (QFeedbackActuator * a, list)
if (a->name() == "Vibra")
vibra = a;
// if vibra is not found, you device does not have it
if (vibra == 0)
// handle error
// let's change the actuator
effect.setActuator (vibra);
And that's it.
How about the other parts of the effect?
Use the following methods from QFeedbackHapticsEffect to change the other two parts of the effect. By default their duration is zero milliseconds.
 - void setAttackIntensity (qreal intensity)
 - void setAttackTime (int msecs)
 - void setFadeIntensity (qreal intensity)
 - void setFadeTime (int msecs)
Short example
Our example uses this user interface:
Haptics effects in qt fig 1.jpg
It has two button and a plain text box.
Here's our Widget.h file:
_TAG_ WIDGET_H
_TAG_ WIDGET_H
_TAG_
_TAG_
_TAG_
using namespace QtMobility;
namespace Ui {
class Widget;
class Widget : public QWidget
explicit Widget(QWidget *parent = 0);
void put(const QString & msg);
public slots:
void startClicked();
void stopClicked();
Ui::Widget *ui;
QFeedbackHapticsEffect rumble;
_TAG_ // WIDGET_H
We need to include the files for the actuator and feedback effect. The classes of Qt Mobility are under the QtMobility namespace. We are declaring it in the file for convenience. The public slots are connected to the button events. The put() method is a convenience method to print text in the text box.
Now here is the implementation file:
_TAG_ "widget.h"
_TAG_ "ui_widget.h"
// convinience method to print text
void Widget::put(const QString & msg)
Widget::Widget(QWidget *parent) :
ui(new Ui::Widget)
// connect signals and slots
// here we list which actuators are there on the phone
put (QString ("num actuators: %1").arg(list.count()));
QFeedbackActuator* vibra = 0;
// now we pick the vibra actuator
foreach (QFeedbackActuator* a, list)
put (a->name());
if (a->name() == "Vibra")
vibra = a;
if (vibra == 0)
put ("vibra not found");
delete ui;
void Widget::startClicked()
void Widget::stopClicked()
Finally, here's the.pro file:
QT += core gui
TARGET = FeedbackDemo
SOURCES += main.cpp\
HEADERS += widget.h
FORMS += widget.ui
CONFIG += mobility
MOBILITY = feedback
symbian {
TARGET.UID3 = 0xeb02a514
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);
var steve = App.Person.create({
 name: "Steve"
});
// alerts 'Name is Steve'.
NOTE: If you do override init for a framework class like Ember.View or Ember.ArrayController, be sure to call this._super() in your init declaration! If you don't, Ember may not have an opportunity to do important setup work, and you'll see strange behavior in your application.
metaForProperty
(key)
In some cases, you may want to annotate computed properties with additional metadata about how they function or what values they operate on. For example, computed property functions may close over variables that are then no longer available for introspection.
You can pass a hash of these values to a computed property like this:
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person: function() {
 var personId = this.get('personId');
 return App.Person.create({ id: personId });
}.property().meta({ type: App.Person })
Once you've done this, you can retrieve the values saved to the computed property from your class like this:
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MyClass.metaForProperty('person');
This will return the original hash that was passed to meta().
Parameters:
key String
property name
notifyPropertyChange
(keyName) Ember.Observable
Convenience method to call propertyWillChange and propertyDidChange in succession.
Parameters:
keyName String
The property key to be notified about.
Returns:
Ember.Observable
propertyDidChange
(keyName) Ember.Observable
Notify the observer system that a property has just changed.
Sometimes you need to change a value directly or indirectly without actually calling get() or set() on it. In this case, you can use this method and propertyWillChange() instead. Calling these two methods together will notify all observers that the property has potentially changed value.
Note that you must always call propertyWillChange and propertyDidChange as a pair. If you do not, it may get the property change groups out of order and cause notifications to be delivered more often than you would like.
Parameters:
keyName String
The property key that has just changed.
Returns:
Ember.Observable
propertyWillChange
(keyName) Ember.Observable
Notify the observer system that a property is about to change.
Sometimes you need to change a value directly or indirectly without actually calling get() or set() on it. In this case, you can use this method and propertyDidChange() instead. Calling these two methods together will notify all observers that the property has potentially changed value.
Note that you must always call propertyWillChange and propertyDidChange as a pair. If you do not, it may get the property change groups out of order and cause notifications to be delivered more often than you would like.
Parameters:
keyName String
The property key that is about to change.
Returns:
Ember.Observable
removeObserver
(key, target, method) Ember.Observable
Remove an observer you have previously registered on this object. Pass the same key, target, and method you passed to addObserver() and your target will no longer receive notifications.
Parameters:
key String
The key to observer
target Object
The target object to invoke
method String|Function
The method to invoke.
Returns:
Ember.Observable
receiver
reopen
(arguments)
Parameters:
arguments
set
(keyName, value) Ember.Observable
Sets the provided key or path to the value.
This method is generally very similar to calling object[key] = value or object.key = value, except that it provides support for computed properties, the unknownProperty() method and property observers.
Computed Properties
If you try to set a value on a key that has a computed property handler defined (see the get() method for an example), then set() will call that method, passing both the value and key instead of simply changing the value itself. This is useful for those times when you need to implement a property that is composed of one or more member properties.
Unknown Properties
If you try to set a value on a key that is undefined in the target object, then the unknownProperty() handler will be called instead. This gives you an opportunity to implement complex "virtual" properties that are not predefined on the object. If unknownProperty() returns undefined, then set() will simply set the value on the object.
Property Observers
In addition to changing the property, set() will also register a property change with the object. Unless you have placed this call inside of a beginPropertyChanges() and endPropertyChanges(), any "local" observers (i.e. observer methods declared on the same object), will be called immediately. Any "remote" observers (i.e. observer methods declared on another object) will be placed in a queue and called at a later time in a coalesced manner.
Chaining
In addition to property changes, set() returns the value of the object itself so you can do chaining like this:
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record.set('firstName', 'Charles').set('lastName', 'Jolley');
Parameters:
keyName String
The property to set
value Object
The value to set or 'null'.
Returns:
Ember.Observable
setPath
(path, value) Ember.Observable deprecated
Parameters:
path String
The path to the property that will be set
value Object
The value to set or 'null'.
Returns:
Ember.Observable
setProperties
(hash) Ember.Observable
To set multiple properties at once, call setProperties with a Hash:
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record.setProperties({ firstName: 'Charles', lastName: 'Jolley' });
Parameters:
hash Hash
the hash of keys and values to set
Returns:
Ember.Observable
toString
String
Returns a string representation which attempts to provide more information than Javascript's toString typically does, in a generic way for all Ember objects.
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App.Person = Em.Object.extend()
person = App.Person.create()
person.toString() //=> "<App.Person:ember1024>"
If the object's class is not defined on an Ember namespace, it will indicate it is a subclass of the registered superclass:
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Student = App.Person.extend()
student = Student.create()
student.toString() //=> "<(subclass of App.Person):ember1025>"
If the method toStringExtension is defined, its return value will be included in the output.
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App.Teacher = App.Person.extend({
 toStringExtension: function(){
 return this.get('fullName');
 }
});
teacher = App.Teacher.create()
teacher.toString(); //=> "<App.Teacher:ember1026:Tom Dale>"
Returns:
String
string representation
toggleProperty
(keyName) Object
Set the value of a boolean property to the opposite of it's current value.
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starship.toggleProperty('warpDriveEnaged');
Parameters:
keyName String
The name of the property to toggle
Returns:
Object
The new property value
Show:
concatenatedProperties
Array
Defines the properties that will be concatenated from the superclass (instead of overridden).
By default, when you extend an Ember class a property defined in the subclass overrides a property with the same name that is defined in the superclass. However, there are some cases where it is preferable to build up a property's value by combining the superclass' property value with the subclass' value. An example of this in use within Ember is the classNames property of Ember.View.
Here is some sample code showing the difference between a concatenated property and a normal one:
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App.BarView = Ember.View.extend({
 someNonConcatenatedProperty: ['bar'],
 classNames: ['bar']
});
App.FooBarView = App.BarView.extend({
 someNonConcatenatedProperty: ['foo'],
 classNames: ['foo'],
});
var fooBarView = App.FooBarView.create();
fooBarView.get('someNonConcatenatedProperty'); // ['foo']
fooBarView.get('classNames'); // ['ember-view', 'bar', 'foo']
This behavior extends to object creation as well. Continuing the above example:
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var view = App.FooBarView.create({
 someNonConcatenatedProperty: ['baz'],
 classNames: ['baz']
})
view.get('someNonConcatenatedPro


Un libro in lingua di John Bowker edito da Oxford University Press, 2014
 - € 10,70
 - Il prezzo è variabile in funzione del cambio della valuta d'origine
In this concise introduction to the deity, John Bowker explores how each major religion, and countless philosophers and theologians, have answered the fundamental question: Who or what is God? He also explores why some people believe in God and others do not, and concludes by looking at how our understanding of God continues to evolve in the present day.
Informazioni bibliografiche


text:
... including targeted forecasts at the time of your arrival to each point!
Elkford, British Columbia enjoys mild to warm summers and cold winters. During the summer months, temperatures range from a low of 6°C (43°F) to a high of 25°C (77°F). The winter months bring temperatures that range from a low of -10°C (14°F) to a high of 5°C (41°F).
Rainfall is fairly consistent throughout the year with an average of 65-70mm (2.5-2.7in) of precipitation per month. Snowfall can vary from month to month, but an average of 50-100cm (19.6-39.3in) can be expected throughout the winter months.
Spring and fall temperatures are mild and range from a low of 0°C (32°F) to a high of 15°C (59°F). During these transitional months, rainfall averages around 50-60mm (2-2.3in) per month.
As of 2020, the city population is 2499.
This map shows the current & 7-day weather forecast, weather alerts, and weather radar for Elkford, British Columbia.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


Device Automations
Device Automations provide users with a device-centric layer on top of the core concepts of Home Assistant. When creating automations, users no longer have to deal with core concepts like states and events. Instead, they will be able to pick a device and then pick from a list of pre-defined triggers, conditions and actions.
Integrations can hook into this system by exposing functions to generate the pre-defined triggers, conditions, actions and having functions that can listen for the triggers, check the condition and execute the action.
Device automations are not exposing extra functionality but are a way for users to not have to learn new concepts. Device automations are using events, state and service helpers under the hood.
Last updated on


text:
Water slide equipment can be broadly divided into two categories, one is the water park equipment
with tens of meters rise and hundreds of meters long slide large water slide; the other one is the kind of kindergarten used one with water playing function Water slide.
The former water slide equipment is for visitors to slide, the security, stability of the structure is very important. Water slide equipment is a large water park equipment in the water amusement facilities, belonging to the category of special equipment, grade B. Each set of equipment should go through the the inspection and testing of China Special Equipment Inspection Institute, and can be used after being issued the certificate. Most of the water slide equipment was installed in the outdoor, the natural environment has of great impact on the slide structure. Therefore, in the design stage of the water slide, the strength, stiffness, fatigue strength, stability, anti-overturning and anti-skid property of the structure must be calculation and analyzed, the safety factor of the corresponding specification should be prepared, and a formal calculation manual written. China's Special Equipment Inspection Institute issued the appropriate qualification of the engineers audit, then the identification report can be put into operation. The first set of equipment must be from the China Special Equipment Inspection Institute professional, with the appropriate qualification of engineers on-site inspection, issue type test report before use and mass production.
For the calculation and analysis of water slide equipment structure in the water park equipment, the permanent load, the live load, the wind load, the snow load, the seismic load and the impact load must be taken into account. Live load in the water slide equipment is generally the weight of the topic; live load only take their own load and water load; wind load is divided into working state load and non-working state load, recreational facilities design by the maximum operating wind speed 15m/s calculated the wind load and the non-working state is calculated according to the maximum wind load in 50 years. The snow load is calculated according to the maximum wind load in 50 years. When the seismic load is calculated, equivalent design on the base of eight degree, amount to the acceleration 0.2g calculation; calculation of impact load, the amusement facilities in the course of the movement may have an impact, it can not be accurately calculated when it is designing. Therefore, on the calculation of the strength, the permanent load and live load must be multiplied by the impact factor, according to its maximum speed of the water slide equipment, select the impact coefficient corresponding to the impact factor.
The water slide structure of water park equipment, including glass fiber reinforced plastic slide, steel structure, concrete foundation three parts. In view of the particularity, the importance and the complexity of the structure of the water slide, the finite element method is introduced into the analysis of the structure of the water slide, and the finite element method is applied to the various complex mechanisms in the water slide equipment, and has become an effective analytic method. After the introduction, it completely changed the traditional analysis method, the force analysis is more accurate, more comprehensive, more conducive for water slide structure check and design optimization.


text:
Paper + Poster + Pitch
Ir. Saša Vasiljević, Academy of Professional Studies Šumadija, Department in Kragujevac, SERBIA
Prof. Dr. Jasna Glišović, University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Engineering, SERBIA
Ir. Nadica Stojanović, University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Engineering, SERBIA
Ir. Ivan Grujić, University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Engineering, SERBIA
Solving the problem of the formation of particles caused by the wear of the brakes' friction surfaces and their release into the environment is of utmost importance. Today, various technologies have been developed that aim to collect particles directly during braking or generation. With the aim of further development of devices and technologies in this paper, the modes and mechanisms of release of the formed particles into the environment are analyzed. Based on this review of the particle release mechanisms, further development of technologies for collecting particles that are a product of friction surface wear is enabled. The mechanisms of particle release are mainly reflected in the fact that they are released during the braking of the vehicle, then by releasing particles during the re-acceleration of the vehicle and the third way is falling of already formed particles from friction surfaces. In this paper, all three mechanisms are explained and analyzed in more detail.
Error message goes here.
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Ir. Nadica Stojanović
FISITA Committees & Groups
News on FISITA Spotlight
16 July 2021
Stay up to date with FISITA Spotlight
Excerpt from the blog goes here - this will give the reader a brief snapshot of what the post is about...
16 July 2021


text:
CFP:"Invisible" Labor and the Business of Print in C19
This proposed panel investigates conceptions of labor and business in commercial publishing, focusing on the (in)visibility of the working people, practices, and spaces that supported literary production in the long nineteenth century. How was the nature and value of such labor imagined? To what extent does that imagination emerge in the archives, and to what extent has it remained invisible to scholars or across disciplinary boundaries? In seeking to illuminate unseen or unappreciated types of work in the business of print as the publishing industry rapidly expanded, we aim to trace new contexts concerning the very foundations of C19 literature and culture, highlight dissenting figures and modes of production, and reexamine relationships among labor, value, and art in the period.
We welcome submissions from scholars in all fields, including literature, book history, and material culture studies. Papers might explore representations of literary labor, the cultural work of print/publishing workers, the (in)visibility of raced, gendered, and/or classed labors, intellectual and creative labor, business and marketing practices, copyright, etc.
Please submit a 300-word abstract and short bio to Blevin Shelnutt (_EMAIL_) and Kristen Highland (_EMAIL_) by Monday, August 19.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Articulated Ball Mandrel
What's the best way to bend an exhaust pipe? Well, it depends on what you want to achieve.
For some mass-market manufacturers, peak performance isn't as important as speedy and economical manufacturing.
But for some exhaust enthusiasts, only the best will do. For exhaust performance junkies, only ball mandrel bending will do.
What is ball mandrel bending?
Some people are strong enough to bend metal pipes using only their arms. While impressive, this feat wouldn't be particularly good for exhaust tubes because the tube can buckle at the point of bending.
This buckling will reduce the cross-sectional area of the pipe. This chokes the exhaust volume, reducing the air and gas flow and decreasing performance.
This is a problem with some tube bending methods including crush bending and wrinkle bending. Both these processes distort the pipe diameter around the bend area.
Crush bending leaves a characteristic depression along the throat of the bend, which reduces the airflow (and doesn't look particularly clean either).
Crush bending leaves a characteristic depression along the throat of the bend, restricting airflow and harming performance
Wrinkle bending also reduces the inside diameter of an exhaust tube, as well as creating a series of humps can affect flow and sound (but it is cheap, so it often used in high production processes).
To optimise airflow and exhaust performance, exhaust tubes need a smoother, more gradual bend, like the bend that you would achieve if you bent a metal tube over your knee rather than between your hands.
One way of achieving this smooth bend is by using a machine that bends tubes by pushing them through a series of rotating wheels in a process called draw bending.
One issue with these types of machines is that they exert a great deal of force on the walls of the pipe and can cause them to squash or buckle.
A ball mandrel is a tube bending component that can be placed inside the tube, acting as a core to support the inner walls of a tube while it is bent.
Ball mandrels usually consist of a longer solid cylindrical section, with a series of rounded balls attached to one side with a flexible cable.
Usually made of brass, these balls are the same diameter as the cylinder and they can flex and follow the bend radius while supporting the inside walls during the bending process.
Even with a ball mandrel, this bend my not be completely smooth, because the number and spacing of the balls can have an impact on how the tube bend looks.
Articulated Ball Mandrel
An articulated ball mandrel manufactured urgently for a client
Three or four-ball mandrels are typical for exhaust bending. But if a tube had particularly thin walls or if the radius of the bend was particularly tight, then you may need more balls with smaller gaps between each link.
Bespoke ball mandrel manufacturing
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is assumed to be either 8-bit and later
determined by reading ONFI params.
Above config is useful when NAND device's bus-width information cannot
be determined from on-chip ONFI params, like in following scenarios:
- SPL boot does not support reading of ONFI parameters. This is done to
keep SPL code foot-print small.
- In current U-Boot flow using nand_init(), driver initialization
happens in board_nand_init() which is called before any device probe
(nand_scan_ident + nand_scan_tail), thus device's ONFI parameters are
not available while configuring controller. So a static CONFIG_NAND_xx
is needed to know the device's bus-width in advance.
Some drivers using above config are:
drivers/mtd/nand/mxc_nand.c
drivers/mtd/nand/ndfc.c
drivers/mtd/nand/omap_gpmc.c
Platform specific options
=========================
CONFIG_NAND_OMAP_GPMC
Enables omap_gpmc.c driver for OMAPx and AMxxxx platforms.
GPMC controller is used for parallel NAND flash devices, and can
do ECC calculation (not ECC error detection) for HAM1, BCH4, BCH8
and BCH16 ECC algorithms.
CONFIG_NAND_OMAP_ELM
Enables omap_elm.c driver for OMAPx and AMxxxx platforms.
ELM controller is used for ECC error detection (not ECC calculation)
of BCH4, BCH8 and BCH16 ECC algorithms.
Some legacy platforms like OMAP3xx do not have in-built ELM h/w engine,
thus such SoC platforms need to depend on software library for ECC error
detection. However ECC calculation on such plaforms would still be
done by GPMC controller.
CONFIG_SPL_NAND_AM33XX_BCH
Enables SPL-NAND driver (am335x_spl_bch.c) which supports ELM based
hardware ECC correction. This is useful for platforms which have ELM
hardware engine and use NAND boot mode.
Some legacy platforms like OMAP3xx do not have in-built ELM h/w engine,
so those platforms should use CONFIG_SPL_NAND_SIMPLE for enabling
SPL-NAND driver with software ECC correction support.
CONFIG_NAND_OMAP_ECCSCHEME
On OMAP platforms, this CONFIG specifies NAND ECC scheme.
It can take following values:
OMAP_ECC_HAM1_CODE_SW
1-bit Hamming code using software lib.
(for legacy devices only)
OMAP_ECC_HAM1_CODE_HW
1-bit Hamming code using GPMC hardware.
(for legacy devices only)
OMAP_ECC_BCH4_CODE_HW_DETECTION_SW
4-bit BCH code (unsupported)
OMAP_ECC_BCH4_CODE_HW
4-bit BCH code (unsupported)
OMAP_ECC_BCH8_CODE_HW_DETECTION_SW
8-bit BCH code with
- ecc calculation using GPMC hardware engine,
- error detection using software library.
- requires CONFIG_BCH to enable software BCH library
(For legacy device which do not have ELM h/w engine)
OMAP_ECC_BCH8_CODE_HW
8-bit BCH code with
- ecc calculation using GPMC hardware engine,
- error detection using ELM hardware engine.
OMAP_ECC_BCH16_CODE_HW
16-bit BCH code with
- ecc calculation using GPMC hardware engine,
- error detection using ELM hardware engine.
How to select ECC scheme on OMAP and AMxx platforms ?
-----------------------------------------------------
Though higher ECC schemes have more capability to detect and correct
bit-flips, but still selection of ECC scheme is dependent on following
- hardware engines present in SoC.
Some legacy OMAP SoC do not have ELM h/w engine thus such
SoC cannot support BCHx_HW ECC schemes.
- size of OOB/Spare region
With higher ECC schemes, more OOB/Spare area is required to
store ECC. So choice of ECC scheme is limited by NAND oobsize.
In general following expression can help:
NAND_OOBSIZE >= 2 + (NAND_PAGESIZE / 512) * ECC_BYTES
where
NAND_OOBSIZE = number of bytes available in
OOB/spare area per NAND page.
NAND_PAGESIZE = bytes in main-area of NAND page.
ECC_BYTES = number of ECC bytes generated to
protect 512 bytes of data, which is:
3 for HAM1_xx ecc schemes
7 for BCH4_xx ecc schemes
14 for BCH8_xx ecc schemes
26 for BCH16_xx ecc schemes
example to check for BCH16 on 2K page NAND
NAND_PAGESIZE = 2048
NAND_OOBSIZE = 64
2 + (2048 / 512) * 26 = 106 > NAND_OOBSIZE
Thus BCH16 cannot be supported on 2K page NAND.
However, for 4K pagesize NAND
NAND_PAGESIZE = 4096
NAND_OOBSIZE = 64
ECC_BYTES = 26
2 + (4096 / 512) * 26 = 210 < NAND_OOBSIZE
Thus BCH16 can be supported on 4K page NAND.
NOTE:
=====
The current NAND implementation is based on what is in recent
Linux kernels. The old legacy implementation has been removed.
If you have board code which used CONFIG_NAND_LEGACY, you'll need
to convert to the current NAND interface for it to continue to work.
The Disk On Chip driver is currently broken and has been for some time.
There is a driver in drivers/mtd/nand, taken from Linux, that works with
the current NAND system but has not yet been adapted to the u-boot
environment.
Additional improvements to the NAND subsystem by Guido Classen, 10-10-2006
JFFS2 related commands:
implement "nand erase clean" and old "nand erase"
using both the new code which is able to skip bad blocks
"nand erase clean" additionally writes JFFS2-cleanmarkers in the oob.
Miscellaneous and testing commands:
"markbad [offset]"
create an artificial bad block (for testing bad block handling)
"scrub [offset length]"
like "erase" but don't skip bad block. Instead erase them.
DANGEROUS!!! Factory set bad blocks will be lost. Use only
to remove artificial bad blocks created with the "markbad" command.
"torture offset"
Torture block to determine if it is still reliable.
Enabled by the CONFIG_CMD_NAND_TORTURE configuration option.
This command returns 0 if the block is still reliable, else 1.
If the block is detected as unreliable, it is up to the user to decide to
mark this block as bad.
The analyzed block is put through 3 erase / write cycles (or less if the block
is detected as unreliable earlier).
This command can be used in scripts, e.g. together with the markbad command to
automate retries and handling of possibly newly detected bad blocks if the
nand write command fails.
It can also be used manually by users having seen some NAND errors in logs to
search the root cause of these errors.
The underlying nand_torture() function is also useful for code willing to
automate actions following a nand->write() error. This would e.g. be required
in order to program or update safely firmware to NAND, especially for the UBI
part of such firmware.
NAND locking command (for chips with active LOCKPRE pin)
"nand lock"
set NAND chip to lock state (all pages locked)
"nand lock tight"
set NAND chip to lock tight state (software can't change locking anymore)
"nand lock status"
displays current locking status of all pages
"nand unlock [offset] [size]"
unlock consecutive area (can be called multiple times for different areas)
"nand unlock.allexcept [offset] [size]"
unlock all except specified consecutive area
I have tested the code with board containing 128MiB NAND large page chips
and 32MiB small page chips.


You are here:Home > US > All U.S. Products > U.S. Insignia > Rank Insignia
Narrow Your Results:
Original Rank Insignia Officer Rank Rayon Chevrons
Wool Chevrons Khaki Chevrons
About WWII Army Rank Chevrons
The US Army used a series of chevrons sewn on each sleeve to denote the ranks of PFC (private first class) up through all NCOs (Non-commissioned officers = Sergeants). Officers used collar insignia, not chevrons.
There are several types of chevrons used during WWII. As usual, reality and living historian fantasies often clash. Here is the historical reality. The three main styles of chevrons are wool, rayon and khaki.
In principle:
Khaki Chevrons were only for the khaki summer uniforms.
Wool Chevrons were for the Service Coats, Wool Shirts and "Ike" Jackets.
Rayon Chevrons were for Field Jackets.
However, in practice, the wool and rayon stripes can be found, originally sewn, on every style of uniform in the Army inventory. Khaki stripes are occasionally found on field and paratrooper jackets- I haven't seen them on wool shirts of service coats, but I wouldn't rule it out. There were also stencil kits issued allowing stripes to be painted directly onto field uniforms. Our grandfathers knew that rules are meant to be broken and often did so.
There is often some confusion on the background color of the wool and rayon insignia. It is actually a dark navy blue. Some appear to be black, and but in direct sunlight you can see that they are actually blue. The stripes themselves vary widelymany shades of olive or khaki can be found on originals. (Khaki chevrons use olive stripes on khaki background. The shade of olive varies greatly.) They were made by the million, so this is hardly a shock.
Again, being made by the million, there are numerous differences between manufacturers. Some are sewn, some folded, the weave varies, and many were sub-contracted in England. Left over insignia from World War One was also used, adding still more possibilities.
ATF reproductions:
In all cases, we copied originals. I chose those I consider to be among the most typical US produced varieties. All are excellent and very, very close to the original.
Sort By:
Page of 1
PFC (Khaki)
Price: $9.99
Corporal (Khaki)
Price: $11.99
Sergeant (Khaki)
Price: $11.99
Captain Rank
Price: $4.99
Major Rank
Price: $4.99


text:
A Discourse Analysis of Chinese Disagreement Management Strategies in Business Negotiation Settings [electronic resource]
Abstract (Summary)This dissertation investigates strategies of native Mandarin Chinese speakers in disagreement management at business negotiation settings by examining linguistic and non-linguistic resources recurrently utilized by the participants in this study. A principal concern is how cultural and contextual factors contribute to the formation and interpretation of the strategies.The present study is intended to provide Western audiences with practical information about Chinese tactics in their disagreement management particularly at business settings. The ultimate goal of this study is to enhance intercultural communication and understanding. Under the guidance of the theoretical and methodological principles of interactional sociolinguistic approaches, I observed and filmed seven live Chinese business negotiation meetings and conducted three post-interviews with key participants at three Chinese cities. The treatment of the data includes transcribing the set of the data, identifying the instances containing the strategies, and analyzing patterned strategies with the qualitative method. In this study, I argue that the preference for agreement is situational specific. The findings indicate Chinese people are conscious of their opponent's face, but business interest outweighs face politeness. The study shows that business interest and power/personal relationships are major factors in the participant's choice of disagreement management strategies.
School:The University of Arizona
School Location:USA - Arizona
Source Type:Master's Thesis
Date of Publication:


text:
ABU DHABI ARROWHEAD FIND NEAR OILFIELD
The study of the archaeology of the UAE began only in the late 1950s. Until then, it was wrongly believed that the UAE's arid deserts and mountains had played only a peripheral role in human development in the region. Extensive research by both local and foreign archaeological teams, including much undertaken in the deserts and coastal areas of Abu Dhabi in close association with Envionment Agency Abu Dhabi (EAD), has shown, however, that the UAE has played an important part in the emergence and development of maritime trade throughout the Gulf and the Indian Ocean for around 7,500 years.
Thus this new discovery of a flint arrowhead, about 3 cm long, dating back to the Late Stone Age or Neolithic period just south of the Sahil oilfield, 120 kms south-west of Abu Dhabi city during work undertaken for the Environment Agency - Abu Dhabi (EAD) underscores the possibility that there are many more finds to be made in the region.
The item has been identified by a leading expert on the UAE's Late Stone Age, who has noted that arrowheads of this type were widely manufactured locally between the 6th to 4th Millennium BC. The raw material used in the manufacturing of this arrowhead may originally have come from the western slopes of the mountains, in the border area between the UAE and Oman.
While similar artifacts have been reported from elsewhere in the desert areas of Abu Dhabi, for example near the Bab oilfield and south of the Liwa Oasis, this is the first artifact of its type known to have been collected in the immediate vicinity of the Sahil and Asab oilfields, both operated by the Abu Dhabi Company for Onshore Oil Operations (ADCO).

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
A page to help you get started on the ebikes. Please read before you take one out.
Peddle assist ebikes. To go faster:
- peddle harder
- put in harder gear
- increase motor speed
- use accelerator
You can just use motor and accelerator but then you might as well be on a scooter.
Try peddle assist where you peddle, change gears to make easier. Start off in Motor level 3 and increase as needed. Need a extra bit of zap, use the accelerator.
To conserver battery (if you want longer rides)
- try not to use accelerator or very gently accelerate.
- peddle harder.
- put motor at lower level.
- turn off on longer down hills.
- turn off battery when stopped for more than 5 minutes.
How to use
1. Turn on battery.
2. Press button untill screen comes on. Its now ready to go.
3. Press the + and – sign to increase decrease the motor power for peddle assist. 0 is off and 9 is max. Start with 2 or 3.
4. Use the accelirator when you dont want to peddle or need a little extra zap!
> To charge the battery plug the charger into the battery next to the battery on off switch.
> There are sensors on the brakes and rear tire. If a! mark is shown check the sensors are close to the brakes and the rear tire sensor magnet and sensor are inline (red light will come on sensor when wheel spun).


text:
Use of Biomedical Engineering and Music for K-12 Math/Science Education
The study proposes the use of Biomedical Engineering (BME) Ph.D. track graduate students to assist middle and high school teachers to teach math/science skills, by providing additional tools and training to optimize their use. The emphasis is on the use of disciplinary knowledge to enhance how people learn with the aid of computer technology; showing the students the importance of this knowledge to solve real world problems.
Three school districts have committed to participate in a cross-disciplinary education program (Shelby County, Shades Mountain Independent, and the Alabama School of Fine Arts). Students from UAB's Biomedical Engineering (BME) and the Alabama School of Fine Arts (ASFA) departments will develop, implement, and evaluate the four interventions used to enhance math/science skills.
- Music education
- Math/Science kits and six-week projects
- Science Fair project development
- A technology of Fine Arts class
When the cost-effectiveness of each intervention has been determined, decisions whether to expand the intervention, within each school system will be made. Information about successful programs would be made available, on the internet or other media, to interested groups. Trained personnel from this project would serve as facilitators for these groups.
- Investigators: A. Eberhardt, R. Thompson, M. Froning, D. Kilpadi


text:
Message shortcodes are special snippets of text that allow for precisely controlling how dynamic content will display in the message template. If you are familiar with how WordPress shortcodes work then using these shortcodes should be fairly straightforward. Shortcodes such as
[EVENT_AUTHOR_FORMATTED_EMAIL] all provide an easy way to indicate where dynamic content will be inserted when messages are sent.
There are also special shortcodes that we call list-type shortcodes. These are shortcodes such as
[QUESTION_LIST]. These shortcodes are special because when you use it, you are indicating that this is where you want a list of items to be displayed in your template. When the message generator gets to this shortcode, it will signal it to look for a corresponding field in the template to know how to parse each item in the list. So when you see a field in a message template that is labelled with
[event_list] then you know that when the
[EVENT_LIST] shortcode is parsed, the generator will look in the
[event_list] field to know how to parse each event item.
Display Answers to Questions in Your Templates
To display all answers:
You add the
[QUESTION_LIST] shortcode to the
[ATTENDEE_LIST] section, then within the
[QUESTION_LIST] section you can add the
To display individual answers:
[RECIPIENT_ANSWER_*] shortcode in a valid location, and use the question display text you are testing. In my case the question was "What color?" so when I added the shortcode it was
[RECIPIENT_ANSWER_* What color?] I also prefaced the shortcode with the actual question text so I could tell that I was seeing the right message when I received it.
Note: It is VERY important that your question display text match exactly what the question is.


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HOW TO REMOVE MOLD FROM YOUR CAR
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We will portray the dangers of form presentation and the significance of anticipating mold development, while additionally giving a well ordered guide on the best way to expel shape from your vehicle. In case you're unfortunate enough to as of now have built up this serious issue, don't stress!
While it might appear to be a difficult test, in certainty with the correct supplies and with some elbow oil you can reestablish your vehicle to the protected, perfect, agreeable vehicle you merit.
I. What is shape, and Why is it Dangerous?
Shape is a kind of parasite that normally frames within the sight of higher temperatures and large amounts of dampness. Presentation to shape can cause significant medical problems, particularly in the individuals who are delicate to it.
The individuals who are most helpless with the impacts of shape incorporate those with lung infections, sensitivity sufferers, and those with bargained safe frameworks (for example those accepting treatment for malignancy, who have had an organ transplant, or who are taking immunosuppressive meds).
The nearness of form can prompt respiratory and skin bothering, lung diseases, asthma, and other wellbeing challenges. Manifestations can incorporate nasal blockage, wheezing, eye and skin bothering, fever, and shortness of breath. That is the reason it's critical to abstain from presenting yourself to shape, particularly some place you're probably going to invest as much energy as your vehicle. (Furthermore, to ensure you never forget your vehicle in the open if the best is down!)
What is form, and for what reason is it hazardous?
Fortunately, in the event that you see shape—normally observable because of a solid scent, yet additionally conceivably obvious patches of form—there are steps you can take to fix the issue. Continue perusing to figure out how to shield yourself from shape in your vehicle.
II. Step by step instructions to Remove Mold
There are, obviously, various techniques to kill shape from your vehicle, and everybody will suggest something else. Be that as it may, this is what we believe is the most ideal approach to do it.
1. Ensure yourself
Continuously ensure that you are wearing a careful face veil or molecule cover just as solid, non-permeable family cleaning gloves (ensure they're sufficiently strong not to break). This will diminish the probability of unsafe, inordinate presentation to shape and its conceivable poisons.
2. Freshen up your vehicle in a radiant spot
Daylight and outside air are entirely useful assets in the battle against shape. Like for all intents and purposes a wide range of parasites, shape develops in sodden zones, so the blend of sun and natural air dries things out and makes it unimaginable for form to endure.
In a perfect world, on a crisp morning, move your vehicle to a radiant parking space and open up the entryways and windows (and sunroof, if there is one). Give it a couple of hours and let any clamminess dry out. (Simply make sure to watch out for the climate—you'll be giving yourself considerably to a greater extent an issue if a sudden shower shows up and your vehicle's inside is presented to the components!)
3. Review your vehicle
It's a smart thought to look all through your vehicle to get a feeling of where the form is an issue, so you can concentrate on specific zones in the later advances. Make a point to take a gander at the accompanying: surface of the seats, underneath seats, guiding wheel, floor, safety belts, and seat side creases.
Shape can fluctuate in shading, so simply search for (regularly roundabout) zones of dark, green, white, dim, or darker. That is the means by which you'll know where you have to center your cleaning endeavors.
4. Get ready before cleaning
Attempt to separate patches of shape by tenderly brushing them with a toothbrush. At that point, in case you're sufficiently fortunate to approach one, utilize a wet-evaporate vacuum cleaner to vacuum the form you've recently looked over. (On the off chance that you can't get your hands on a wet-dry vacuum, that is OK—this progression is useful yet not basic).
5. Splash with disinfectant arrangements
Take out your vehicle's seat covers and covers. Before you wash them, you can utilize any of the accompanying blends to slaughter shape in these areas of texture:
4 sections white vinegar and 1 section water
1 quart of water, some white vinegar, ¼ teaspoon of clove oil, and 1 tbsp of heating soft drink (note: abstain from presenting skin straightforwardly to clove oil—it can cause dermatitis and aggravate skin and mucous layers)
Empty both of these blends into a shower jug and splash it on your vehicle's seat covers and covers. They ought to sit on the material for no less than 20 minutes—or considerably more—so as to guarantee that the strong fixings can completely kill the shape and keep its regrowth.
You may likewise need to splash different parts of your vehicle where shape has possessed the capacity to invade and cause scent (counting as the dashboard, air vent, directing wheel, and seats).
Stains on the seats, situate covers, and covers can be evacuated by sprinkling great old Borax powder on them (truly, it's valuable for such a significant number of purposes!), holding up somewhere around 10 minutes, and afterward clearing or vacuuming the powder away.


How do I create a grid of objects in Boardmaker Studio?
You can create a rectangular or circular grid of identical objects using the Spray Tool or Circular Spray Tool.
 1. Select the triangle beside Spray Tool in the toolbar.
 2. Select:
 - Spray Tool to create a rectangular grid
 - Circular Spray Tool for a circular grid
 3. Position the cursor over the object you would like to duplicate.
 4. Click and drag diagonally to create a grid of identical objects.
 5. Release the selection when the grid is the desired size. Note: You can reposition the grid while the grid objects are still selected (they will have dotted outlines).
 6. Click and drag any selected object to reposition the entire grid. Note: If you have assigned properties to the original object (symbol, style, actions, etc.), they will be copied to the other objects in the grid.
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text: An international hydropower EngineeringProcurementConstruction(EPC)contractordesigner alliance model was established based on literature review to investigatethe cooperation methods between international hydropower engineering enterprises in China. Correlation analysis, hierarchy luster analysis and typical analysis have been adopted to analyze the data collected by questionnaires and interviews. The results addressed the interactions of the alliance factors and the relationships between incentives, alliance, and strategic partnership, which validated the model, and revealed the mechanism of alliance. The results of the survey data analysis demonstrate that: ① joint tendering is the basis for indepth cooperation between the contractor and the designer. After successfully wining the bid, two parties equitably allocate rewards/risks to enhance trust. Based on trust, effective communication is promoted, which enables the efficient circulation of information between the two parties, and thus allow problems encountered in project implementation to be solved in a timely manner. ② Alliances are underpinned by incentives, which promotes the development of partnerships; at the same time, a good partnership facilitates the implementation of incentives. The cooperative partnership between the contractor and the designer established in the implementation of the project lays a good foundation for longterm strategic cooperation. After the successful delivery of the project, the contractor and the designer are driven by incentives to share the project benefits, which helps them to establish a strategic alliance that enables joint tendering for future EPC projects, facilitating the expansion of their share of the international market.


text:
Physical Review E
American Physical Society
Inhomogeneous magnetic fields exert a body force on electrically nonconducting, diamagnetic fluids. This force can be used to compensate for gravity and to control convection. The field effect on convection is represented by a dimensionless vector parameter Rm=(μ0αχ0d3ΔT/ρ0νDT)(H⋅∇H)r=0ext, which measures the relative strength of the induced magnetic buoyancy force due to the applied field gradient. The vertical component of this parameter competes with the gravitational buoyancy effect and a critical relationship between this component and the Rayleigh number is identified for the onset of convection. Magnetically driven convection should be observable even in pure water using current technology.
"Magnetic control of convection in nonconducting diamagnetic fluids," J. Huang, D. D. Gray, and B. F. Edwards, Phys. Rev. E 58, 5164 (1998).


Take the 2-minute tour ×
Possible Duplicate:
What is the meaning of double curly braces initializing a C-struct?
for this following structure,
typedef struct matrix
 float data[16];
} matrix;
Is there any difference between,
matrix test1 = {0};
matrix test1 = { { 0 } };
when it comes to initializing the data member of the structure. Both initializes data to zero.
Some insight when it comes to C or C++, would be great.
share|improve this question
marked as duplicate by Björn Pollex, Ólafur Waage, cnicutar, Alok Save, Ferdinand Beyer Jun 28 '11 at 8:30
There is no partial initialization in C. An object either isn't initialized at all, or it is fully initialized. {0} explicitly initializes the first member to 0 and implicitly initializes (to 0) all other members. – pmg Jun 28 '11 at 9:02
1 Answer 1
up vote 1 down vote accepted
With matrix test1 = { 0 } you will initialize test1 with all zero's and with matrix test1 = { { 0 } } You will initialize test1.data. with all zero's in this case it does the same actually since you don't have any other data definitions in your struct :)
share|improve this answer
That means, if I had another member in the struct then, using { { 0 } } wouldn't initialize the second variable as zero? But, that doesn't happen, however I use single or double, all are being initialized with zero! – iamcreasy Jun 28 '11 at 8:36


text:
Check out this new article Wizards of the Coast posted recently:
The Talking Door
The tall, wide, and stout front door of the Inn of the Dripping Dagger in Waterdeep is centuries old, though it has been replaced over the years, board by board and metal plate by metal plate, as various parts of it have worn out. For all this time, it has been an unusually large, but counterweighted and easily opened, front door—nothing more. Now, however, it has begun to whisper short and menacing sentences. Why? What do its cryptic utterances mean?


text:
July 27, 2010 > History: Union City's steamship "The Union"
History: Union City's steamship "The Union"
By Myrla Raymundo
Union City and Alvarado came into existence on a portion of the Rancho Portrero de los Cerritos, in the northwestern portion of Washington Township in what is today Alameda County. Union City, the first of the two to be settled, is located on the banks of Alameda Creek near a point known as the Devil's Elbow. It was in 1851 that Union City first sprang into being, founded by J. M. Horner.
J. M. Horner was also the builder of the first warehouse on the bank of the creek. This creek poured its waters into an extensive slough, which stretched far out toward the bay where a very tortuous channel was formed. In 1846, the creek was navigable for light craft as far up as Bell Ranch Bridge. In fact, until 1878, small vessels used this channel from as far as the sugar refinery, but when the channel was filled, the course of the water changed entirely.
Horner developed a plan for cutting a canal across the marshes to connect with the bay, making a continuation of Crandall Slough. By this means the water flow would have been directed into the canal, and thus the flooded marshes would have been reclaimed, the creek relieved of surplus water, and Union City, together with Alvarado, would now have been in direct communication by water with San Francisco, as they were in earlier days. In addition, hundreds of acres of marshland could have been reclaimed. Unfortunately, Mr. Horner's canal scheme never went beyond the ideas in his head, and Devil's Elbow, where the water had been dammed and frequently overflowed, eventually filled and is now a bed of sandy sediment.
Union City and Alvarado are nearly surrounded by marsh, and in the old days each year brought an overflow from the creek, which caused a few days of flooding. Going out of doors without rubber boots was anything but agreeable. The little town had the advantage of good lands, extensive warehouses, and with the steamer called "The Union," Union City rapidly developed rich agricultural surroundings to the east.
It is known that Union City received its name from the first steamer which traveled between it and San Francisco. This vessel, "The Union," had a novel history, having been originally constructed in New Jersey and brought in sections aboard ship around Cape Horn by Charles Minturn. When this steamer first entered service between Union City and San Francisco, it was owned by Horner and was placed on the route to carry produce to market. It had limited accommodations for chance passengers.
Mr. Horner had, in 1851, purchased an extensive tract of land, which included the original town site of Union City. From his own and other agricultural interests, a large amount of freight was carried from Union City to San Francisco. One year, history states that the sale of produce from Horner's acreage alone brought forth a revenue of $270,000.
Prior to the entry of the steamer "The Union," freight transportation had been confined to sailing vessels, many of which ran between Union City and San Francisco at regular intervals. "The Union" was a historic craft and her first owner, Charles Minturn, was the originator of the ferry between Oakland and San Francisco. Her first master was Capt. Olney, who afterward commanded the "Senator." Following Capt. Olney came Capt. Marston, who later lived at Centerville, where some of his descendants grew to manhood and womanhood. Next, "The Union" was commanded by Capt. Trefry, who for years guided her destiny. He was later a resident of Centerville, and for many years filled the office of constable.
Horner's little steamship "The Union" is no longer in existence. However, it will go down in history as the link between Union City and San Francisco. It will also be remembered as the source of the name of Union City today. Or is it?
Many people think the name came from the merger of the Decoto and Alvarado districts when the city was founded. When incorporated in 1959, many knew nothing about the ship.
So where did the name Union City come from-the steamer's name or the union of two towns? What do you think?


text:
Tsuboya (ÜÔë«) is a district in central Naha that is the center of Tsuboya Pottery, Okinawa's most famous pottery type. The neighborhood is home to a variety of attractions including Tsuboya Odori Pottery Street and the Tsuboya Pottery Museum.
Okinawan pottery dates back to the era of the Ryukyu Kingdom before Okinawa was incorporated into Japan. The pottery is made of indigenous clay and was initially crafted all across the kingdom until all pottery manufacturing was moved to Naha as part of the centralization of the country's industry in the 17th century. Since then, Tsuboya has remained the heart of Okinawa's pottery industry, being today home to a variety of shops selling the wares as well as many of the workshops that produce them.
Tsuboya Odori Pottery Street is a stone-paved road that winds approximately 300 meters through the neighborhood and constitutes its epicenter. The street is lined by a multitude of shops purveying many different types of wares from crockery and cutlery to vases and even urns. The different stores sell varying interpretations of the old Okinawan craft, with some focusing on traditionally styled items while others specialize in decidedly modern wares. The street is picturesque and makes for a pleasant place to stroll even for those not looking to shop.
The Tsuboya Pottery Museum stands at the western end of Tsuboya Odori Pottery Street and displays a collection of Tsuboya pottery from different eras, illustrating the history and techniques involved in the craft. In addition to its impressive display of wares across the centuries, the museum also houses a reproduction of a traditional Okinawan house, where it is shown how Tsuboya pottery was utilized in a typical household.
The Tsuboya Pottery District is located about 400 meters south of Kokusaidori Street in central Naha. One end of the district is located at the end of the Heiwadori shopping arcade, which begins on Kokusaidori. The other end of the district can be reached in a ten minute walk from Asato Station along the Okinawa Monorail.


Solaris Common Desktop Environment: User's Guide
To Create a Personal Address Card
 1. Choose New from the Card menu.
 Address Manager displays a template for a new card in the scrolling pane. Each line in the template card represents a field specified in the vCard specification. All fields are optional, although you should fill in at least the Name field.
 2. Type the relevant information for the new address card in the scrolling pane.
 If you are unsure as to the appropriate format of information such as phone numbers, and the like, print out an existing card and use it as a guide.
 3. When you are satisfied with the details you have entered, choose Save As from the Card menu.
 Address Manager displays the Save As dialog box.
 4. Type a name for the new card file and click Save.
 The file name should contain the name of the person to which the card relates. Address Manager saves the file under the file name that you specified in the Addresses folder.
 Tip -
 For address cards (which conform to the vCard standard), some operating environments such as Windows recognize the.vcf file extension. If you intend mailing your address cards to users of such systems, you may want to use this file-naming convention.
 5. (Optional) Verify your new personal address card by searching for it with Personal Cards selected in the Search menu.
 Address Manager finds and displays the personal address card you created.


text:
Toward a Culture of Traffic Safety
This issue features four articles examining the topic of traffic safety culture. The articles overall present a synthesis of some of the key findings from "Improving Traffic Safety Culture in the United States: The Journey Forward", a 2007 report from the American Automobile Association (AAA) Foundation. The first article defines and examines the topic of traffic safety culture. The second article offers suggestions as to how the culture can be changed. The role of speed is discussed in the third article. The fourth article presents interviews with two California policymakers.
- Media Type: Print
- Features: Illustrations;
- Pagination: v.p.
- Traffic Safety Center Online Newsletter
- Volume: 5
- Issue Number: 1
- TRT Terms: Awareness; Highway safety; Public participation; Raised road markings; Rumble strips; Traffic crashes; Traffic safety; Traffic speed
- Subject Areas: Highways; Safety and Human Factors; I82: Accidents and Transport Infrastructure; I85: Safety Devices used in Transport Infrastructure;
- Accession Number: 01142725
- Record Type: Publication
- Source Agency: UC Berkeley Transportation Library
- Files: BTRIS, TRIS
- Created Date: Oct 20 2009 2:56PM


Home Tech Updates Quick Answer: How Do You Empty A File In Unix Without Deleting It
Quick Answer: How Do You Empty A File In Unix Without Deleting It
by Patricia R. Mills
5 Ways to Empty or Delete a Large File Content in Linux Empty File Content by Redirecting to Null. Empty file with 'true' Command Redirection. Open the file using cat/cp/dd utilities with /dev/null. Available the file with the echo Command. Open the file using the truncate Command.
How do I empty a file in Unix?
Deleting Files To delete a single file, use the rm or unmount Command followed by the filename: unmount filename rm filename. To delete multiple files simultaneously, use the rm command followed by the file names separated by space. Use the rm with the -I option to confirm each file before deleting it: rm -I filename(s).
How do you delete something without deleting it?
If yes, right-click on the folder you want to delete > click on properties > add the folder to be deleted > and click on delete. Doing this will delete the items in the folder created in Library, but the contents will remain in the original file location.
How do you delete a file in Linux?
Type the command rm, a space, and then the file name you want to delete. If the file is not in the current working directory, specify a path to the file's location. You can pass more than one filename to rm. Doing this will delete all selected files.
How do I touch a file in Linux?
Touch command Syntax to create a new file: You can create a single file simultaneously using the touch command. The file that has been made can be viewed with the ls command, and to get more details about the file, you can use the longlist command ll or the ls -l command. Here a file called 'File1' is created using the touch command.
How do I truncate a file?
Shell redirection The: colon means true and produces no output. The easiest and most common method to truncate files is to use the shell redirect operator >. The redirect operator > redirects the world's work to the command's output file. Filename, the file you want to truncate.
How do I check if a file is empty in Unix?
Check if the file is empty or not using a shell script. touch /tmp/file1 ls -l /tmp/file1 find /tmp -empty -name file1. echo "data" > /tmp/file2 ls -l /tmp/file2 find /tmp -empty -name file2. touch /tmp/f1 echo "data" >/tmp/f2 ls -l /tmp/f{1,2} [ -s /tmp/f1 ] echo $? [ -s /tmp/f2 ] echo $?.
Does git rm delete the file?
Git rm will not just remove a file from your working directory. (There is no option to draw a file from the working tree and keep it in the index; use /bin/rm if you want to.).
How do I remove a folder from my desktop without deleting it?
Hover over the icon you want to delete, click and hold the button (or keep your finger on the touchpad), then drag it to the bottom of the screen and release it above the "Trash" icon.
How do I delete a local git repository?
View a file in your repository, click the trash can icon at the top, and perform the deletion like any other web-based operation. Then "git pull" on your local repo, which will delete the file locally.
What is the Command to find a file in Linux?
Find basic examples. – name this file.txt if you want to know how to find a file in Linux called this file. Find/home -name *.jpg. Search all. Jpg files in the /home and folders below it. Find. – type f -empty. Look for an empty file in the current folder. find /home -user randomperson-mtime 6 -iname ".db".
How do I copy a file in Linux?
The Linux cp command is used to copy files and folders to another location. To copy a file, specify "cp" followed by the file's name to copy. Then select the place where the new file should appear. The new file does not have to have the same name as the file you are copying.
Unix
How do I move a file in Linux?
Here's how it works: Open the Nautilus file manager. Locate the file you want to move and right-click on the file. From the pop-up menu (Figure 1), select the "Move to" option. When the Select Destination window opens, navigate to the new location for the file. Once you have found the destination folder, click Select.
How do I display files in Linux?
The easiest way to list files by name is to list them with the ls command simply. You can choose the ls (no details) or ls -l (many information) to control your display. After all, displaying files by name (alphanumeric order) is standard.
What Command is used to copy the file recursively?
Copying directories with the cp command To copy a directory, including all files and subdirectories, use the -R or -r option. The above command creates the destination folder and recursively copies all files and subfolders from the source to the destination folder.
What does the df command do in Linux?
The df command (short for disk free) displays file system information about total and available space. The open space on all currently mounted file systems is displayed if no name is specified.
How do I truncate a file in Windows?
The trunk is a Windows command line app to truncate files to a specified size. Also useful for enlarging a file. You'll have to try it out to find exactly how the file is padded (e.g., with zeros or garbage), but otherwise, this seems to fit what you're asking.
How do you create an empty file on touch?
Here's a quick summary: Use the touch command to create an empty file. Touch file name. Use redirection. > file name. Do you want to add data and keep the existing file? Use the echo command to create an empty file. Echo -n > filename. How to use printf to create an empty file. printf " > filename. Use the ls command to verify it: ls -l filename.
How do you truncate in SQL?
TRUNCATE TABLE removes all rows from a table but preserves the table structure and the columns, constraints, indexes, and so on. Use the DROP TABLE statement to drop the table definition next to the data.
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text:
A new adaptive control scheme is developed for a class of chaotic systems with unknown bounded uncertainties. It is implemented by using variable structure control. The concept of extended systems is used such that continuous control input is obtained to avoid chattering phenomenon as frequently in the conventional variable structure systems. Furthermore, it is worthy of note that the proposed adaptive control scheme does not involve any information about the bounds of uncertainties. Thus, the limitation of knowing the bounds of uncertainties in advance is certainly released. A numerical simulation is included to verify the validity of the developed adaptive chattering free variable structure control. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Yan, J. J., Chang, W. D., Lin, J. S., & Shyu, K. K. (2005). Adaptive chattering free variable structure control for a class of chaotic systems with unknown bounded uncertainties. Physics Letters, Section A: General, Atomic and Solid State Physics, 335(4), 274–281. _URL_


technology and society quot digital identity powerpoint presentation quot
I need help with the following:
Prompt: In this second narrated slide assignment, you will explore digital identity. For your analysis, you can choose to explore your various online and technology-related behaviors and preferences, or you can choose to examine the issue you explored in Module Three from the perspective of digital identity. Then, in a couple of PowerPoint slides, record your answers to the following:
Analyze your digital identity
– How is your digital identity different from your real-world self? How is it the same?
– How does technology enable you to more fully express a specific dimension of your identity?
– How does your digital identity affect your sense of who you are as a person?
Describe the behaviors associated with your digital identity.
– How does technology govern, influence, or shape your identity?
– How is your behavior different when you know it is public?
PowerPoint: Throughout your short PowerPoint presentation, make sure you use effective multimedia and communication skills:
1. Include a combination of text, visuals, and sound elements that logically flow with your presentation.
2. Construct your presentation in a way that ensures the audio and visuals elements are logically organized in order to convey your message to your audience.
3. Make sure you provide appropriate supporting evidence in your presentation. Evidence could consist of your textbook, additional resources, company websites, and so on. Include your references in APA or MLA format in an additional slide at the end of your presentation.
Thank you


text:
Malawi's Green Belt Initiative aims to offer land to local and international investors, in order to increase agricultural production, productivity, incomes and food security. But it may also be facilitating 'land grabs' from smallholder farmers.
This new Policy Brief (pdf) looks at the political economy of the GBI in Malawi, and finds some important concerns about the way it is organised and its effects.
These include a lack of clarity in rules for land transfers; top-down decision making about which land to allocate; and a lack of participation, accountability, and transparency. There is even the potential that the GBI might undermine instead of enhancing food security.
The authors, Blessings Chinsinga and Michael Chasukwa, explain the concerns and suggest a list of policy considerations, including on transparency, clarity and legislation.
Photo: Sweet Potato by IFPRI-IMAGES on Flickr


text:
Do you enjoy eating oysters on a hot sunny afternoon? Make the most of it – it may not last forever. Research has shown that global warming increases the sensitivity of oysters to metal pollution, causing a deadly threat to populations in polluted areas. Dr. Gisela Lannig from the University of North Carolina, USA, will present her work on cadmium poisoning in eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica) on Monday 11th July at the Society for Experimental Biology Annual Main Meeting in Barcelona [session C2].
Oysters are cold-blooded organisms so their body temperature changes with environmental temperature. Lannig observed that cadmium levels increased the basic metabolic rate (BMR) of oysters at 20ºC and 24º. For oysters at 28ºC, cadmium did not increase the BMR, but it significantly reduces its chances of survival. "One possible mechanism for this observation is increased damage of mitochondria in cadmium-exposed oysters with increasing temperature", Lannig explains, "these organelles become significantly more sensitive to cadmium as temperature rises, so that cadmium levels which were not damaging to mitochondria at lower temperature become strongly toxic with increasing temperature."
Cadmium circulates continually between air, water and soils. As it moves easily through the food chain, high levels are reported in seals. In humans, cadmium interferes with calcium metabolism and deposition in the bone. Accumulation over time can cause serious illnesses such as itai itai disease. Future research will focus on to what extent cadmium reduces thermal tolerance of cold-blooded species.
From Society for Experimental Biology


Take the 2-minute tour ×
Some background: my coauthors and I are working on a problem which deals with the exponential growth rates of certain infinite products of matrices. One of the sub-problems which arises in this project is to prove that a particular function from the unit interval to the reals, which describes the growth rates of a family of related infinite matrix products, does not have any line segments in its graph. Now, the existence of a line segment would imply the existence of a pair of matrices some of whose characteristics coincide in a precise way. We have found an analytic proof that the graph cannot contain line segments, but it is long and displeasingly ad-hoc, and we would rather like to replace it with a shorter argument! Hence, we have found ourselves wondering whether there is an algebraic obstacle which would prevent these coincidences from occurring.
The question which arises from this research, then, is:
Do there exist matrices $A,B \in SL(2,\mathbb{Z})$ which satisfy the following constraints: the matrices $A$ and $B$ have only positive entries, do not commute, and satisfy $$\rho(AB)=\rho(A)\rho(B),$$ $$\mathbb{Q}\left(\rho(A)\right)=\mathbb{Q}\left(\rho(B)\right) \neq \mathbb{Q},$$ where $\rho$ denotes spectral radius?
The non-existence of such a pair of matrices would imply the non-existence of the line segments mentioned above.
One of my coauthors suspects that the spectral radius constraints on $A$ and $B$ cannot be met unless $A=C^k$, $B=C^\ell$ for some $C \in SL(2,\mathbb{Z})$ and $k,\ell \in \mathbb{N}$, which would contradict the hypothesis that $A$ and $B$ do not commute. Any solutions which end up being used in our paper will of course be gratefully acknowledged!
share|improve this question
Some thoughts. I believe the second condition requires that tr A = tr C^k and tr B = tr C^l for some C in SL(2, Z). If we then write A = C^k + X, B = C^l + Y where X, Y are traceless, the first condition is equivalent to the statement that X C^l + C^k Y + XY has trace zero. I think I can show this is impossible if X = 0. – Qiaochu Yuan Jun 8 '10 at 16:00
Ian Agol's answer has been incorporated into the article "On a Devil's staircase associated to the joint spectral radii of a family of pairs of matrices" which will be published in Journal of the European Mathematical Society in late 2012. – Ian Morris Dec 14 '11 at 11:06
1 Answer 1
up vote 9 down vote accepted
This is true: if one has two matrices $A, B \in SL_2 C$, and one knows the three traces $tr(A),tr(B),tr(AB)$, then this uniquely determines the matrices $A,B$ up to conjugacy if $A$ and $B$ generate a non-elementary discrete group (except in a few degenerate cases which won't occur for positive matrices). See for example Maclachlan-Reid. Since $tr(X) = \rho(X)+\rho(X)^{-1}$ for a positive matrix $X$, this implies that the three matrices have the same traces as two commuting matrices with the same traces, and therefore $A,B$ must be conjugate to a pair of commuting matrices. In fact, as your coauthor suspects, then they must be powers of the same matrix.
Addendum: I'll give some details of the argument, and I forgot a condition ($A$ and $B$ might generate a solvable group otherwise, although this is not possible for discrete groups).
Assume that $A, B \in SL_2 Z$. We want to show that $tr(A),tr(B),tr(AB)$ uniquely determine $A$ and $B$ up to conjugacy in $SL_2 C$.
Since $A$ is a positive matrix in $SL_2 Z$, we may conjugate it in $SL_2 R$ to be of the form $$ A=\begin{pmatrix} \lambda & 0 \\\ 0 & \lambda^{-1} \end{pmatrix} $$ where $\lambda >1$ (because $tr(A)>2$). We conjugate $B$ by the same matrix, and relabel so that $$ B=\begin{pmatrix} a & b \\\ c & d \end{pmatrix}. $$
If $A$ and $B$ commute, then we check that $b=c=0$, so in particular $ad=1$. Conversely, if $ad=1$, then we conclude that $bc=0$, and therefore $b=c=0$ since $A,B$ cannot generate a noncommutative solvable group since $SL_2 Z$ is discrete (see below).
From now on, let's assume that $A$ and $B$ don't commute.
The centralizer of $A$ in $SL_2 C$ consist of matrices of the form $$ \begin{pmatrix} z & 0 \\\ 0 & z^{-1} \end{pmatrix}. $$
We may conjugate $B$ by the centralizer of $A$ to be of the form $$ B=\begin{pmatrix} a & 1 \\\ ad-1 & d \end{pmatrix}. $$ Here I'm making use of the fact that $A,B$ are conjugate into $SL_2 Z$ to conclude that they don't generate a solvable group. This follows from the Margulis lemma (or an easy exercise). If $B$ had off-diagonal entries which were zero, then $\langle A, B\rangle$ would be solvable. The point is that then we may conjugate by elements of the centralizer of $A$ in $SL_2 C$ to arrange the upper right entry to be 1.
Thus, we have $$tr(A)=\lambda+\lambda^{-1}, tr(B)=a+d, tr(AB)=\lambda a +\lambda^{-1} d.$$
Now we compute $$a= \frac{\lambda tr(AB)-tr(B)}{\lambda^2-1}, d= \frac{\lambda^{-1} tr(AB)-tr(B)}{\lambda^{-2}-1}.$$
Thus, $tr(A), tr(B), tr(AB)$ canonically determine $A,B$ up to conjugacy (of course $\lambda$ is uniquely determined by $tr(A)$ given $\lambda >1$).
Now, we need to check that $\rho(AB) \neq \rho(A)\rho(B)$, where $\rho(A)=\lambda, \rho(B)=\mu$. If not, $tr(AB)=\lambda\mu +(\lambda\mu)^{-1}$ (again since $AB$ is positive). Plugging into the above equations, we conclude that $a=\mu, d=\mu^{-1}$, a contradiction.
I'm sure this argument can be simplified, but I wanted to carry through the sketch of the argument I gave the first go around.
Also, one may see that any subgroup of commuting matrices in $SL_2 Z$ is either powers of a parabolic element, a hyperbolic element, or a finite-order element.
share|improve this answer
Thanks! Could you provide a reference for the general result which you use here (or a name or keyword, so I can look it up myself)? – Ian Morris Jun 8 '10 at 17:00
I think the statement is false in SL_2(C); in the setup in my comment above one can take k = l = 1, C = [[2 3][3 5]], X = 0, and Y = [[b+c b][c -b-c]] where b^2+3bc+c^2 = 0. – Qiaochu Yuan Jun 8 '10 at 17:42
_USER_: Did you check that your pairs of matrices are nonconjugate? Remember, there is a 1-parameter family of matrices commuting with C. I think you've found a parametrization of the matrices obtained by conjugating B by this family (although I didn't check your formulae). – Ian Agol Jun 9 '10 at 23:25
Qiaochu's examples don't commute. Also, he might as well take the square root of C, [[1,1][1,2]]. – Ben Wieland Jun 10 '10 at 0:33
Agol: thank you for this excellent and very useful extended answer! – Ian Morris Jun 11 '10 at 12:33
Your Answer


"Changing the English language one word at a time."
Definition of cranial flatulation :.
(krā'nē-əl flăch'yə'lā'shən)
 1. 1. (n.) Condition of the brain to cease functioning mid-sentence, frequently occurring during important meetings where one must impress others, leaving the user of said brain with a blank stare.
 Notes: Also: brain fart, brain cloud, brain cramp
 Submitted by: Anonymous, Topics: Behavior & Lifestyle, Health & Medicine


text:
by anthony on 08/10/11 at 12:50 am
Checkboxes and radio buttons are an essential part of forms. But most of the time, they're not easy to click. This is because their click targets are small. The smaller a click target is, the more difficult it is to click it. Luckily, there are three things you can do to your checkboxes and radio buttons to make them easy for users click.
1. Use label tags
At the most basic level, your checkboxes and radio buttons should have label tags on them. This allows users to click the label to toggle the checkbox or radio button. This is easier for users to do because the label is usually a larger target to click than the checkbox or radio button itself. It also makes your checkboxes and radio buttons accessible to users who use screen readers.
2. Add hover effects to them
A checkbox or radio button may have label tags, but most users won't know that they can click the label unless there's a visual affordance that tells them that. A hover effect is a clear visual affordance that lets users know they can simply click the labels to toggle the controls.
3. Place them on a button zone
The last way to make your checkboxes and radio buttons easy to click is possibly the best way. Placing them on a button zone clearly tells users where they can click to toggle the controls. Not only can users click the label, but they can also click outside the label. This makes their click targets even bigger and easier to click. When users click on a checkbox or radio button, the button zone should highlight in color to tell users that it's selected. This gives users the clear visual feedback they need when they're looking at a dense area of checkboxes and radio buttons.
There's a lot you can do to make your checkboxes and radio buttons more usable and accessible. If your form has a lot of them, try using these techniques to take the burden off your users. Making your checkboxes and radio buttons easier to click will increase the chances of users completing your form. This is exactly what you want to do if you have a long form that asks for a lot of information.


json
 type(json_value),pointer :: p
 logical(LK) :: is_vector !! if all elements of a vector
 !! are scalars of the same type
 integer(IK) :: var_type_prev !! for getting the variable type of children
 integer(IK) :: var_type !! for getting the variable type of children
 type(json_value),pointer :: element !! for getting children
 integer(IK) :: i !! counter
 integer(IK) :: count !! number of children
 integer(IK),parameter :: json_invalid = -1_IK !! to initialize the flag. an invalid value
 integer(IK),parameter :: json_numeric = -2_IK !! indicates 'json_integer' or 'json_real'
 if (json%compress_vectors) then
 ! check to see if every child is the same type,
 ! and a scalar:
 is_vector = .true.
 var_type_prev = json_invalid
 count = json%count(p)
 element => p%children
 do i = 1_IK, count
 if (.not. associated(element)) then
 call json%throw_exception('Error in json_is_vector: '//&
 'Malformed JSON linked list')
 return
 end if
 ! check variable type of all the children.
 ! They must all be the same, and a scalar.
 call json%info(element,var_type=var_type)
 ! special check for numeric values:
 if (var_type==json_integer .or. var_type==json_real) var_type = json_numeric
 if (var_type==json_object .or. &
 var_type==json_array .or. &
 (i>1_IK .and. var_type/=var_type_prev)) then
 is_vector = .false.
 exit
 end if
 var_type_prev = var_type
 ! get the next child the list:
 element => element%next
 end do
 else
 is_vector = .false.
 end if
 end function json_is_vector


Can You Freeze Rice Pudding?
Rice pudding is an all-around great dish. It combines some of the most basic ingredients to form a scrumptious treat for the whole family. This yummy dish is the perfect dessert, an excellent snack, and something that even your baby can eat.
One of the only sweet treats that are also really healthy, and an easy guilt-free treat for a down day. But for all the effort that it takes to make this delicious pudding, it doesn't have a very long shelf life.
That's why freezing is an excellent option, despite its two main ingredients being extremely temperature-sensitive.
Milk is a dairy product that is well-known for being difficult to freeze, and rice is also extremely sensitive. This means there will likely be structural and textual changes to the ingredients once they freeze.
Despite this, rice pudding actually freezes surprisingly well. So there's no need to worry if you've made too big a batch, you can easily freeze the excess.
You can even make a batch of rice pudding ahead for easy access to this sweet treat in the future. Just follow this guide, and freezing rice pudding will be easy.
How to freeze rice pudding
If you decide that you want to freeze your rice pudding, the process is extremely easy. The most important step is the first one, and once you've done this, the entire process is simple.
You have to wait until the rice pudding has cooled before beginning the freezing process. If the pudding is not cooled thoroughly, this will affect the texture of the rice pudding and potentially make it inedible when defrosted.
If you are short on time and need the rice pudding to cool quickly so that you can freeze it, there are ways around this. The most common way is to give the pudding an ice bath. This accelerates the cooling process by exposing the warm pudding to cold water.
To do this you simply transfer the rice pudding from the pan into an airtight container. You can then seal the container and submerge it in water which is ice cold for roughly 20 minutes. This will cool the pudding to a temperature that is freezer safe.
If you decide to let the pudding cool naturally, the first step once it has cooled is transferring to an airtight, freezer-safe container. You should fill the container up until it has about 2-inches left at the top.
The water content of the rice pudding will expand when frozen and cause the entire mixture to fill the container.
You should then place a layer of saran wrap across the pudding before sealing with the lid. Once this is completed you can simply label the container with the date of freezing, and lay flat in your freezer to avoid any spillages.
How to defrost rice pudding
Once frozen, rice pudding can last up to 3 months in the freezer. But for the best taste experience, it should be eaten as soon as possible because the texture and flavor will deteriorate the longer it has been frozen.
When you decide to eat your frozen rice pudding, the defrosting process is just as easy as the freezing process. You can simply take the container of rice pudding out of the freezer and place it in the fridge.
Leave the container in the fridge overnight and come morning you will find that the rice pudding has thawed thoroughly. You should never leave the rice pudding to defrost at room temperature. It has a high milk content, and this will cause the pudding to turn quicker and become inedible.
Depending on your preference, you can then either reheat the pudding or eat cold. If you prefer your rice pudding chilled then you're good to go. But if you prefer it heated, you have a few options for how to do this.
The most common is to reheat the rice pudding on the hob. This method ensures that the mixture has heated thoroughly and also allows you to give the pudding a good stir before you eat it.
Simply simmer the mixture in a saucepan over low heat, once it has reached your desired temperature you can then add your favorite toppings and enjoy.
Alternatively, you may choose to reheat the rice pudding in a microwave. This is a very easy option, but you must add a cup of water to the mixture before heating it. The microwave is likely to dry out the mixture, so the water will counteract this and allow you to enjoy your meal.
Factors to consider before freezing RICE PUDDING
As is most common with freezing things, there are some factors that you should consider before choosing to freeze your excess rice pudding.
The first is the ingredients you use to make the rice pudding. This is especially important if you are making a batch of rice pudding intending to freeze.
One great way to give your rice pudding a longer shelf life is by using a milk alternative. Rice pudding is commonly made with whole milk, but this has an extremely short shelf life which can be affected by freezing.
To improve the texture and consistency of your pudding once defrosted, you should consider using a milk alternative such as evaporated, condensed, or even coconut milk.
You should also consider the type of rice that you use. Long grain rice tends to make for drier and denser rice pudding, whereas short grain tends to be a lot more watery.
Consider which will freeze better and choose accordingly. Alternatively, if you plan on making rice pudding exclusively to freeze you could replace the milk with water to freeze.
This will provide the pudding with a longer shelf life, and allows you to add fresh milk to the recipe when you are reheating it.
In short, the answer is yes, rice pudding is freezable.
You can easily freeze your excess rice pudding to enjoy in the future.
Alternatively, if you are making a batch of rice pudding to freeze for the future there are some changes you can make to the recipe to give it a longer shelf life.
Different ingredients can cause changes to the texture, so follow this guide for the best freezer-friendly rice pudding.


text:
Harvest, moose and cane transport
The cane harvest in the geographic valley of the Cauca River is carried out at an approximate cultivation age of 13 months and through two systems: semi-mechanized and mechanized
The semi-mechanized harvest consists of making manual cutting of the stem at ground level by cutters, who remove the bud and leaves when the cut is made in green. The long cane is left in neat jets on the ground, then it is collected by lifting machines and deposited in transport wagons. The performance of the cutters is reported between 2-4 t / man / day for semi-clean cane and between 5-7 t / man / day for previously burned cane.
Lifter in semi-mechanized harvest system.
In the mechanized harvest, integral self-propelled machines are used, which have different mechanical and hydraulic systems to cut the bud, make the basal cut, chop the stems, remove the leaves and raise the harvested cane to deposit it in transport wagons. Combine yield is reported in 24-25 ton / h in semi-clean cane. At present about 50% of the harvested cane in the geographical valley of the Cauca River is carried out through the mechanical system.
Mechanized harvesting system with self-propelled combine, articulated tract and HD 20000 wagon.
Cenicaña has conducted research on the impact of the use of both semi-mechanized and mechanized harvesting equipment in different cane varieties. Based on the results obtained, some recommendations have been made to mills and suppliers:
- Make use of freight wagons of less weight and capacity to transport the cane inside the lots.
- Correlate the dimensions of the wagons with the field design.
- Correlate the size of the wagons and the capacity of the tractors.
- Supervise harvest work.


!").
11. Recharge the Pulse-Ox by either leaving it connected to your powered up computer or using the supplied Charger plugged into a standard electric wall outlet. It works with both 120 and 240 volts ac power.
E. View the Pulse Ox Reports and Graphs in SleepyHead
1. Open SleepyHead and click the 'Oximetry' tab on the right sidebar or under the View menu at top. Disregard the "No Oximetry Data" subtitle. Click the 'Open .spo/R File' button in the lower right. (If your newly created oximetry data file does not show up in a list of one or more files, go to C:\Program Files (x86)\SpO2\Data.) Select an oximetry data file by clicking the sleep file for the date you want to view and click 'Open'. You should now see your red Pulse Rate and blue SpO2 oximetry graphs vs. clock time.
2. Click the Save icon button just left of 'Open .spo/R File' button and confirm 'Yes' that you want to save the data.
3. Now click 'Data' on the very top main menu line, then click 'Rebuild Oximetry Indices'.
4. Exit out and restart SleepyHead. Click the 'Daily' tab to view the Pulse Rate and SpO2 Oximetry graphs aligned in SleepyHead's time scale. They are at the bottom of the stack and each can be moved up by hovering your pointer directly over the graph heading (left-side); then press and hold the left mouse button and drag the graph up to your prefered position in the stack.
5. After you click the 'Daily' tab, you can click on any red dates to see Pulse-Ox charts for your sleep on those dates in tandem with the standard graphs.
F. Flipping the Display
If you want to invert the display screen, click the main control button on the face of the Pulse-Ox. The date, time and day will be displayed. Now click the main control button twice more to invert the view.
Notes: All the steps above need to be performed to see pulse-ox graphs and data for a selected date in SleepyHead. If the clock time setting on the Pulse-Ox and on your xpap machine do not match closely enough, you will see an alert that the pulse-ox data cannot be linked with SleepyHead. Re-sychronize the current time on the Pulse-Ox so it's the same as the time on your xpap machine. Also Note that fractured sleep sessions in SleepyHead are listed in the lower left and each can be toggled ON and OFF. User comments and suggestions are always welcome to update these instructions.
Mac Users: The supplied Pulse-Ox software may not as yet be fully compatible with the Mac. STL Mark, however, uses the Mac running Parallels with good results. He notes that after connecting the CMS-50F with the provided miniUSB cable, users need to click on the USB icon at the bottom right on the Parallels desktop screen; and then check to make sure that the CP21202 USB-to-UART bridge controller is selected via a check mark. You should then see "Device connected: waiting for data . . . " in SpO2 Review. See C.4 above.
_________________
Mask: DreamWear Nasal CPAP Mask with Headgear
Additional Comments: Machine: AirCurve 10 ASV (37043), Software:ResScan 5.7.0.9477, SleepyHead V1.00BETA2, Oximeter:CMS-50i
Machine: AirCurve 10 ASV, Mask: AirFit N30i
PulseOx Data-transfer to OSCAR4-23-12http://tinyurl.com/nzd64gu
Wireless SD Card Data-transfer to OSCAR 8-14-15http://tiny.cc/z1kv8x
Locked


text:
If you are caring
for an elderly loved-one, consider keeping their
refrigerator well stocked to keep them healthy. Sounds
strange? Well a newly published research letter in the
August 12, 2000 issue of The Lancet suggests this claim
According to the
report, "Elderly people with empty refrigerators are
more likely to be readmitted to the hospital after
assessment compared with patients with adequate
refrigerator content." Researchers from Geneva
University Hospital in Switzerland conducted the study.
A total of 132 elderly patients (aged 65 and older)
recently discharged from the hospital for various
aliments were studied. All received routine medical
visits in their homes at least once a month after their
release from the hospital. During the visits, medical
researchers did a thorough assessment of their
refrigerator content; classifying it as adequate,
inadequate or empty.
of adequate meant the seniors contained the appropriate
amounts of different food products to maintain proper
nutrition. An inadequate measure was based on
refrigerators containing rotten foods or outdated foods.
An empty classification proposed there were less than
three different food products in the fridge.
collected included variables such as body mass index,
biological markers and nutrition. In addition, social
data was collected and proved to be a valuable measure.
According to a report on Aging-Related Statistics
published in 2000 by the Federal Interagency Forum,
seniors who are socially active are more likely to have
better physical and mental health.
evaluated for at least three months, and the numbers and
exact dates of hospital admission were calculated within
the figure. The study recorded that of the 132
refrigerators assessed, 119 or 90% were classified as
having adequate or inadequate food content and 13 or 10%
were considered empty. The patients with an empty
refrigerator, compared to patients with a full
refrigerator, did not differ in age, gender, body mass
index, or socially.
According to the
findings, four or 31% of the patients with empty
refrigerators were admitted back into the hospital four
weeks following the conclusion of the assessments. Only
10 or 8% of those patients with a full fridge had to be
readmitted into the hospital.
concludes that the adjusted risk of being admitted was
increased threefold with an empty refrigerator.
suggests that future studies need to be completed in
other settings to help determine the impact on one's
health from an empty refrigerator. However, caregivers
may want to take notice of food content in their
loved-one's home. The report does not give direction as
to which food products should be kept stocked up, just
that the food product should not be spoiled or outdated.
The Food and Drug Administration's food pyramid is
normally recommended for an adequate source of nutrition
for most people, except those on special diets.
to our weekly e-newsletter


text:
Engineering atomic structures at metal surfaces represents an important step in the development of novel nanomaterials and nanodevices, but relies predominantly on atomic/molecular beam epitaxy under ultrahigh vacuum conditions, where controlling the deposition processes remains challenging. By using solution-borne nanosized gold clusters as a precursor, here we develop a wet deposition protocol to the fabrication of atomically flat gold nanoislands, so as to utilize the dynamic exchange of surface-active molecules at the liquid metal interface for manipulating the growth kinetics of ultrathin metallic nanostructures. While remarkable shape and size selection of gold nanoislands is observed, our experimental and theoretical investigations provide compelling evidences that organic adsorbates can impart a bias to the island orientation by preferred adsorption and alignment and intervene in the assembly and disassembly of adatom islands by complexing with Au adatoms. This approach offers a simple solution to regulate atomic layer growth of metals at ambient conditions.
Download the article for free here


two operators commute. Do \(\hat{A}=\dfrac{d}{dx}\) and \(\hat{B}=x^2\) commute?
 4: The Order of Operations Redux
 Suppose that
 \[\hat{A}=\dfrac{d}{dx} \label{W.3}\]
 and
 \[\hat{B}=10 \label{W.4}\]
 1. What is \(\hat{A}f(x)\)?
 2. What is \(\hat{B}f(x)\) ?
 3. What is \(\hat{A}\hat{B}f(x)\) (i.e., \(\hat{B}\) operating first on \(f(x)\), then \(\hat{A}\) operating on the result)?
 4. What is \(\hat{B}\hat{A}f(x)\) (i.e., \(\hat{A}\) operating first on \(f(x)\), then \(\hat{B}\) operating on the result)?
 5. Do \(\hat{A}\) and \(\hat{B}\) commute?
 3A: Operators and Eigenvalues (Worksheet) is shared under a CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by LibreTexts.
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