What would you like to know?
Share this Story
Parent arrested for child's art work
Daughter drew picture of a gun, Dad arrested
A father of four in Canada was arrested and strip searched after his 4-year-old daughter drew a picture of a gun in her kindergarten class.
Boy drawing picture of gun
There are few topics more controversial than the use and ownership of firearms, especially when children are involved. Jessie Sansone of Ontario, Canada, would probably agree. Recently, this dad was handcuffed when he arrived to pick up his kids from school. The charge? Possession of a firearm.
Apparently, after his young daughter drew a picture of her daddy holding a gun to fight off bad guys and monsters, the teacher became concerned and the school administrators called Family and Children's Services, who then called the police.
Unexpected turn of events
That same day, rather than an uneventful carpool line, Sansone faced handcuffing and an unwelcomed ride in one of several patrol cars waiting outside of the school. Sansone tells TheRecord.com, "I'm picking up my kids and then, next thing you know, I'm locked up. I was in shock. This is completely insane. My daughter drew a gun on a piece of paper at school."
Your kids artwork: What to keep and what to throw away >>
A toy gun
Sansone's ordeal continued once he arrived at the police station, where he was strip searched and questioned about the alleged gun. Seven hours later, after police determined the child's drawing was based on a toy gun that shoots foam darts, he was released.
"My family has been tarnished," he told TheRecord.com "My name has been tarnished. My children aren't even going back to that school again." In an ironic twist, Sansone is a counselor who speaks to school children about the danger of drugs, violence and bullying.
Find out what to do when your child is being bullied >>
Overreacting or justified?
Canada's gun laws are different than those of the U.S., so setting the firearm-related charge aside, did the school overreact or were officials justified in having Sansone arrested? What would happen if your child's school acted upon everything your son or daughter drew, did or said?
"If I was held responsible for everything my child drew, I would be in serious trouble," says Eleana, a mom from Colorado. "My son draws pictures of super-galactic battles with all sorts of weird weapons. That doesn't mean I have a light saber in my closet. I think the teacher should have reached out to the parents directly if she had a concern, but having this dad arrested was a bit over the top."
"While I think the action taken was a bit extreme, I can appreciate the genuine concern for the well-being of the child," says Amy, a California mom. "I'm for strict gun laws, but you have to use some common sense in a case like this where a child's drawing is being used to initiate police action. I feel for the dad. It could have been handled better."
Are you considering weapons play in your home? >>
Defending the arrest
In defending the actions of Family and Children's Services, Alison Scott, executive director of the agency, told TheRecord.com, "From a public safety point of view, any child drawing a picture of guns and saying there's guns in a home would warrant some further conversation with the parents and child."
Tell us
What do you think? Should a child's drawing raise such concern or did officials overreact in this case?
Read about potentially dangerous toys
Safe play: Choosing safe toys for your child
Top 5 hidden home hazards
How safe are your child's toys?
Tagged in
Recommended for You
New in Parenting
SheKnows is making some changes!


text:
Our documentation provides a lot of good information for those of you who have been working with ePublisher and want to get specific information about a topic, but admittedly it can be a bit overwhelming, so I thought I would try to distill this information for a quick-start guide in using ePublisher. By no means is this a comprehensive guide, for that we offer training.
Lesson 1 – Creating and Modifying a Designer Project
1. Go to File -> New. This will bring up the following window:
2. You can chose whatever name you want for the Project and the Target (covered more in depth by training). This window also lets you choose what kind of Format you want to use, for the purposes of this demonstration, we are going to use WebWorks Reverb (which, by the way is the output that our documentation uses). Click Next
3. Click Add put source files for this document. For the purposes of this demonstration, we are going to use FrameMaker:
3. In the next window, we are going to navigate to the following directory:
C:\Users\[yourusername]\Documents\ePublisher Express Projects\Source\Adobe Framemaker
4. We are going to add the book file located in this folder. Click the Open button to add this file, and then you are going to click the Finish button on the next screen.
5. Now you will see something like this in the Document Manager:
6. With the first document selected, as you see in the above image, Go to Project -> Display Preview and you will select the "Heading_1" style by clicking "About the Sample Exploring ePublisher Source Documents (FrameMaker)" paragraph style. Again more in depth coverage of this is done in training:
7. We are going to change the color of this heading by going to Text -> Color in the Style Designer pictured below Notice that now the Text heading is bolded, this indicates that we have made a change to something in the Style Designer:
8. You can actually see the changes by clicking the green Refresh Preview button on the top corner:
9. For the purposes of this small demonstration, we are going to generate with just heading 1's changed, Go to the 3 blue gears in the toolbar to do a generation:
10. Once you click this, you will see logs that will indicate that you are generating and then you may get a message like this, go ahead and click Yes, and you can also select this message not to come up again as pictured below
11. Once you click yes you should be able to view the output and it will look like this when you click the right navigation button on the top.
12. Click File -> Save to save your project for the next lesson
So, this was a very basic example of output that is possible from our sample source files. Right now we have navigation in our Reverb output, but we do not have a table of contents, breadcrumbs or any other bells and whistles that Reverb offers. In the following lessons, I will go over how to get cool features and settings in the output, but for now I hope this gives you a good starting point.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
This is a list of words about family in Somali. You can name people such as your relatives as well as extended family this way.
|Child (m): Wiil yar (ilmo yar oo lab ah)|
|Child (f): Gabar yar (ilmo yar oo dhedig ah)|
|Husband: Seey (xaas)|
|Wife: Marwo (Naag)|
|Cousin (m): Ina adeerka (ina-abti, ina eedo, ina habreed)--
|Cousin (f): Ina habreedeey, ina abtiday, ina eedaday, ina adeertay.|
|Aunt: Eedo, Habaryar |
|Uncle: Adeer, Abti|
|Nephew: Wiila aad habaryarta u tahay, ama eedada, ama abtiga ama adeerka|
|Niece: Gabadha aa habryarta u tahay, ama eedada ama abtiga ama adeerka.|
|Woman: Haweeney (Naag)|
These examples show how family words are used in a Somali sentence. Very useful when socializing with other people. This can also show you how to ask questions.
|What's your brother called?: Waa maxay magaca walaalkaa, ama maxaa walaalkaa loogu yeeraa|
|How old is your sister?: Imisa sano ayay walaashaa jirtaa
|Where does your father work?: Aabahaa xagee buu ka shaqeeyaa |
|Your daughter is very cute: Gabadhaadu way qurux badan tahay
|I love my husband: Waan jeclahay ninkayga (waan jeclahay odaygayga)|
|This is my wife: Tani waa xaaskayga|
With the above list you will be able to discuss how many siblings you have or ask others about their family. Now let's go to the next topic by clicking the "Next" button. Or simply choose your own topic from the menu above.
|Previous lesson:||Next lesson:|


text:
Penetration of dissolved material through the cornea is believed to be a function primarily of phase solubility. The epithelium and the endothelium of the cornea are barriers to substances that are not soluble in fats, while the stroma similarly is a barrier to substances not soluble in water. Weak electrolytes require special consideration not only because they include the important group of alkaloids used clinically but because their solubilities in fat and water vary according to their degree of dissociation. In the present paper, studies will be reported on the effect of variations in this dissociation on the penetration of weak electrolytes through the cornea.
Within a range that is characteristic for each substance, weak bases become progressively dissociated with low hydrogen ion concentrations and weak acids with high hydrogen ion concentrations. In the undissociated form (free base) most weak organic electrolytes are fat soluble and variously water soluble, while

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


Menu Close
5 Foolproof Invisible Ink Recipes
Who doesn't like to send secret messages?
People have been doing it for ages. In fact Giovanni Battista Della Porta, an Italian guy who lived about 500 years ago invented what I believe is the most creative way to send a secret message.
Giovanni wrote messages on the shell of a boiled egg using a mixture of alum and plant pigments. The message seeps through the shell and can only be read by peeling the egg. How crazy is that? Imagine peeling your egg for breakfast and finding a secret message!
While I can't tell you how to send a message via hard-boiled egg, I do have several simple, foolproof recipes for invisible ink. All of these can be written on ordinary white paper.
Milk and Pencils
Write it: Use a cotton swab or toothpick to write your message with whole (must be whole or at least 2% – won't work with skim) milk. Let the paper dry completely.
Read it: Rub the graphite (black part) of a sharpened pencil on some sand paper over the message so that a graphite powder falls onto the paper. Gently rub the graphite over the paper until your message appears.
How it works: When your message dries on the paper, most of the milk evaporates but the fat stays on the paper. Graphite sticks to the fat more than the paper to reveal the message.
Heat Activated
Write it: Use a cotton swab or toothpick to write your message with vinegar, milk, lemon juice – or really any fruit juice will work. Let the paper dry completely.
Read it: Heat the paper using a hair dryer, hot iron, holding it near a light bulb or warming it in the oven at 300oF for 10 minutes.
How it works: All of the liquids are mild acids that weaken the paper wherever you write your message. The acid also stays on the paper after the invisible ink has dried. When you heat the paper, the acidic message burns or turns brown before the rest of the paper.
Wax Resist
Write it: Write your message with a white crayon.
Read it: Paint over the message with watercolors – darker colors like red, green or blue work best.
How it works: Wax repels water. This is why wax paper is so useful – it can't get wet. Here the watercolor paints will not stick to the white crayon drawing and your message is easily visible.
Acids & Bases
Write it: Mix 2 tablespoons of baking soda with 2 tablespoons of water. Use a cotton swab or toothpick dipped in the mixture to write your message. Let the paper dry completely.
Read it: Use a cotton swab, sponge or paint brush dipped in grape juice to paint over the message.
How it works: The baking soda, a base, reacts with the grape juice, an acid, to produce a different color on the paper.
Black Light
Write it: Use a cotton swab or toothpick to write your message with clear or white liquid laundry detergent. Let the paper dry completely.
Read it: Hold the paper under a black light to see the message.
How it works: Laundry detergent contains phosphors which fluoresce or glow in the ultraviolet light given off by the sun (and black lights) and make your clothes (and secret message) look bright.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
As I know, there is no difference in meaning between the following two sentences.
 1. It is not important for you to eat good food.
 2. It is not important that you eat good food.
But I believe that there is a little difference between the two sentences at least because the letters in them are different.
Does anybody know the difference?
share|improve this question
It's more than the letters that's different. Do some research online and tell us what fun you had. Homework is a must. – Kris May 30 '13 at 6:11
I just want to remind OP in your about-me: "I am a English teacher in Korea..." As an English teacher, maybe, you'd better be more careful of grammar than other people. – Stan May 30 '13 at 13:21
2 Answers 2
The first sentence specifically implies that eating good food is not important for you. This means there is someone for whom it is important that you eat food. That "someone" might be the person who is telling you this thing.
In the second sentence the specific reference is not provided to whom it is not important that you eat good food i.e. it simply means that it is for sure not important to anyone that you eat good food. Consider this sentence-It is important that we have better medical facilities in our country. This means it is important for all and not specifically for anyone.
share|improve this answer
Out of context the sentences can mean the same but are partially ambiguous. Do you currently eat good food or not? This is not clear. But whichever is true, eating good food is unimportant.
However, only the second sentence allows a second interpretation, namely:
 - You currently eat good food, but the fact that you do is unimportant.
A statement with this meaning might continue:
 - It is not important that you eat good food; it is important you were born of the right parents.
share|improve this answer
Your Answer


text:
More children are stealing credit cards and cash from their parents to secretly purchase virtual items for computer games.
These items are typically weapons that help a player advance in a game, or limited-edition virtual collectibles.
At Touch Cyber Wellness & Sports, a cyber-wellness education programme for youths run by voluntary welfare group Touch Community Services, counsellors have seen 14 per cent of the 191 gamers they have counselled from 2006 to last year exhibit stealing behaviour, said its manager, Mr Poh Yeang Cherng.
Mr Nicholas Gabriel Lim, executive director of psychological-services provider iGROW, said that in the last five years, seven in 10 youths whom he had counselled steal money to buy items such as MP3 players and mobile phones.
In the past year, he has seen a shift towards stealing for gaming - from hardly any cases, to two out of 10.
Mr Poh added that a reason for the problem is that game developers are exploring different ways to maximise revenue from games.
Developers used to make money just from the sale of games. Today, however, they also earn revenue from the trading of virtual items, he said.
'In recent years, we observed that payment for games' features has become easily accessible to children and youths,' he said, citing payment methods such as value cards from convenience stores, SAM machines, SMS-payments and ez-link cards.
The accessibility of payment methods encourages children and youths to use them, which can cause more theft cases, he said.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Considerations of completeness of expression in the characterization of asynchronous circuits
Abstract
We begin with the notion of single form completeness of expression. If a process behavior can be expressed, for instance, completely in terms of logical relationships then the expression will not contain temporal relationships. This can be achieved with a logic that is impractical to implement. As we migrate from the impractical logic to practical logics, completenesses of expression become compromised which must be compensated for by the expression of temporal relationships. I believe that this conceptual approach provides a deeper insight into why and where delay sensitivities arise in digital circuits and how they affect design and performance.
Contact
©2002-2018 U.C. Regents


No Module Named 'Cryptodome' With Code Examples
No Module Named 'Cryptodome' With Code Examples
Hello everyone, In this post, we will examine how to solve the No Module Named 'Cryptodome' problem using the computer language.
pip install pycryptodome
There are a variety of approaches that can be taken to solve the same problem No Module Named 'Cryptodome'. The remaining options will be discussed further down.
pip3 install pycryptodomex
pip3 uninstall crypto
pip3 uninstall pycrypto
pip3 install pycryptodome
>> pip install pycryptodomex
from Cryptodome.Cipher import AES
pip uninstall pycrypto
As we have seen, the issue with the No Module Named 'Cryptodome' variable was resolved by making use of a variety of distinct instances.
How do I fix No module named error?
you do not have the module you tried importing installed on your computer.Here are some solutions.
 - Make sure imported modules are installed. Take for example, numpy .
 - Make sure modules are spelled correctly.
 - Make sure modules are in the right casing.
 - Make sure you use the right paths.
How do I fix a missing module in Python?
How do I fix No module named PyMySQL?
The Python "ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'pymysql'" occurs when we forget to install the PyMySQL module before importing it or install it in an incorrect environment. To solve the error, install the module by running the pip install PyMySQL command.20-Apr-2022
How do I add a module to Python?
To create a module just save the code you want in a file with the file extension .py :
 - Save this code in a file named mymodule.py.
 - Import the module named mymodule, and call the greeting function:
 - Save this code in the file mymodule.py.
 - Import the module named mymodule, and access the person1 dictionary:
What is the command to install pip?
Ensure you can run pip from the command line Run python get-pip.py . 2 This will install or upgrade pip. Additionally, it will install setuptools and wheel if they're not installed already. Be cautious if you're using a Python install that's managed by your operating system or another package manager.
How do I resolve an import error?
Here is a step-by-step solution:
 - Add a script called run.py in /home/bodacydo/work/project and edit it like this: import programs.my_python_program programs.my_python_program.main() (replace main() with your equivalent method in my_python_program .)
 - Go to /home/bodacydo/work/project.
 - Run run.py.
How do I install a missing Python module?
Linked
 - 451. Installing python module within code.
 - How to install distutils packages using distutils api or setuptools api.
 - -3. try import if not, install in python.
 - -2.
 - Method of opening .py scripts without packages installed? ( pip)
 - Providing a custom command class to setup.py in a separately installed package.
How do I install a Python module locally?
Installing Python Packages with Setup.py To install a package that includes a setup.py file, open a command or terminal window and: cd into the root directory where setup.py is located. Enter: python setup.py install.09-Aug-2022
How do I find a Python module?
We can also use the inspect module in python to locate a module. We will use inspect. getfile() method of inspecting module to get the path. This method will take the module's name as an argument and will return its path.14-Sept-2022
How do I install PyMySQL on Windows 10?
How to Install pymysql on Windows?
 - Type "cmd" in the search bar and hit Enter to open the command line.
 - Type " pip install pymysql " (without quotes) in the command line and hit Enter again.
 - The previous command may not work if you have both Python versions 2 and 3 on your computer.
Follow us on Social Media


text:
Food and nutrition are vital to health. Kiama Municipal Council is committed to creating supportive and sustainable environments where local community members can develop skills and knowledge about food and nutrition. Council has implemented several initiatives such as community gardens, cooking workshops, breast feeding friendly establishments and living classrooms that allow residents to access or produce safe and nutritional food sources.
Information regarding such food and nutrition initiatives is listed below:
Kiama Community Garden and Kiama Public School
Cheese, Vegetarian Cooking, Pickling and Preserving, Backyard Chook Keeping, No Dig Gardening, Starting a Backyard Veggie Patch, Introduction to Permaculture
Green Box Regional Food Co-Operative, South Coast Farm Gate Trail
Last updated: Thursday 16 August, 2012


Sending Text Messages
You can use the messages node to send text messages to your customers.
Before You Start
You need to meet all the prerequisites listed in the Before You Start section of the Messages documentation.
 - A text message can be a max of 4096 characters long.
Step 1: Make POST Request to /messages
Once you have the WhatsApp ID for the user you want to message, use it to send a text message. Specify text in the type field.
POST /v1/messages
 "preview_url": false | true,
 "recipient_type": "individual",
 "to": "whatsapp-id",
 "type": "text",
 "text": {
 "body": "your-text-message-content"
For more information on parameters, see:
If you want to format your message, see Formatting in Text Messages.
Sending URLs in Text Messages
By default, the mobile WhatsApp application recognizes URLs and makes them clickable. To include a URL preview, include "preview_url": true in the message body and make sure the URL begins with http:// or https://. A hostname is required, IP addresses are not matched.
 "preview_url": true,
 "to": "whatsapp-id",
 "text": {
 "body": "You have to check out this amazing messaging service"
The majority of the time when you send a URL, whether with a preview or not, the receiver of the message will see a URL that they can click on.
URL previews are only rendered after one of the following has happened:
 1. The business has sent a message template to the user.
 2. The user initiates a conversation with a "click to chat" link.
 3. The user adds the business phone number to their address book and initiates a conversation.
Step 2: Check Your Response
A successful response includes a messages object with an ID for the newly created message.
 "messages": [{
 "id": "gBEGkYiEB1VXAglK1ZEqA1YKPrU"
An unsuccessful response contains an error message. See Error and Status Codes for more information.


Wien effect
The Wien effect is the experimentally-observed increase in ionic mobility or conductivity of electrolytes at very high gradient of electrical potential.[1] A theoretical explanation has been proposed by Lars Onsager.[2]
A related phenomenon is known as the Second Wien Effect or the dissociation field effect, and it involves increased dissociation constants of weak acids at high electrical gradients.[3] The dissociation of weak chemical bases is unaffected.
The effects are important at very high electrical fields (108 – 109 V/m), like those observed in electrical double layers at interfaces or at the surfaces of electrodes in electrochemistry.
More generally, the electric field effect (directly, through space rather than through chemical bonds) on chemical behaviour of systems (e.g., on reaction rates) is known as the field effect or the direct effect.[4]
The terms are named after Max Wien.[5][6]
See alsoEdit
ReferencesEdit
 1. ^ Robert Anthony Robinson, Robert Harold Stokes (2002). Electrolyte Solutions (Reprint of Butterworth & Co. 1970 second revised ed.). Courier Dover Publications. p. 414. ISBN 978-0-486-42225-1.
 2. ^ Onsager, Lars; Shoon Kyung Kim (1957). "Wien Effect in Simple Strong Electrolytes". J. Phys. Chem. 61 (2): 198–215. doi:10.1021/j150548a015.
 3. ^ Carl H. Hamann, Andrew Hamnett, Wolf Vielstich "Electrochemistry", 2nd edition, Wiley-VCH (Google books)
 4. ^ IUPAC, Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book") (1997). Online corrected version: (2006–) "field effect". doi:10.1351/goldbook.F02358
 5. ^ Karl Willy Wagner, "Max Wien zum 70. Geburtstag" (On the 70th birthday of Max Wien), Naturwissenschaften, Volume 25, Number 5, 65-67, 1937. doi:10.1007/BF01493271 (link to pdf) (in German).
 6. ^ Max Wien: (1) Annalen der Physik. 85, 795 (1928); (2) Phys. Z. 29, 751 (1928); (3) Annalen der Physik. 1, 400 (1929); (4) Phys. Z. 32, 545 (1931); (5) J. Malsch and M. Wien, Annalen der Physik. 83, 305 (1927).


Flow-length difference as a measure of topographic roughness/incision
TitleFlow-length difference as a measure of topographic roughness/incision
Publication TypeConference Paper
Year of Publication2011
AuthorsLuo, W., and T. Stepinski
Secondary AuthorsHengl, T., I. S. Evans, J. P. Wilson, and M. Gould
Conference NameGeomorphometry 2011
Conference LocationRedlands, CA
Abstract
A new surface roughness/incision measure is introduced based on the difference between the upstream flow length for each cell of a digital elevation model (DEM) along the topographic surface and its projection onto a horizontal plane. The upstream flow lengths along topographic surface can be calculated in ArcGIS software using the Flow Length tool with the inverse of cosine of local slope as weight. The projected horizontal flow length is derived using the same tool with the default weight of unity for each cell. The result of applying this index to the Oregon Cascade region, where big contrast in surface incision exists, shows that it not only reproduces the overall visual contrast in the spatial pattern of dissection, but also corresponds very well with the true degree of incision and reveals details. In contrast, the local relief and standard deviation of slopes, two other indices traditionally used to describe the degree to which the earth surface is incised by exogenic agents, do not always correspond to the true location of incision and lack the details. With more high resolution DEM data becoming available, this new roughness/incision measure can be used to quantify and reveal more detailed dissection pattern on Earth at various spatial scales.
AttachmentSizeHitsLast download
LuoStepinski2011geomorphometry.pdf276.55 KB21121 hour 8 min ago
2.666665
Your rating: None Average: 2.7 (9 votes)


text:
*With the release of Prospect 2.0, we now support FBX files. We recommend exporting to an FBX file from 3ds Max, rather than an OBJ.
*Note for 3ds Max 2019: The latest version of 3ds Max no longer supports Autodesk Standard materials, and the default material option is now an Autodesk Physical Material. These materials cannot be exported to FBX or OBJ files, so they will not appear in Prospect. A workaround you can use to export these materials is to convert them to Scanline Standard materials.
Software platforms write to OBJ files in different ways, so you may experience varying performance or need to take different steps when exporting from third party software. In some cases, you may find that loading your OBJ file into software that Prospect is natively integrated with, such as Rhino, and then launching through our add-in will produce superior results and allow you to better maintain the fidelity of your OBJ file.
Follow these steps in order to successfully produce an OBJ and MTL file that works with IrisVR Prospect with 3ds Max.
1. Before exporting, create a new folder on your computer where you will save the OBJ and texture files. Open Asset Tracking in 3ds Max.
2. Select all of the Full Paths under Maps / Shaders and right click to open a Menu
3. Select 'Make Path Relative to Project Folder'
4. Exit out of Asset Tracking
5. Select Export
4. Select OBJ in the dropdown and name your file
5. Make sure the options look like below
6. Select Map-Export and make sure 'Use map-path' is unchecked.
7. Maintain the format as JPG
8. Select Export. The resulting folder should look something like this, with the various textures used in your file visible as images:
9. Drag and Drop your file into Prospect and launch!
You may experience incompatibility when using the layers function with an OBJ file, in which case we recommend using a native file format.


text:
Surf Guides - Seasonal - World Surf League - Contract
Hospitality & Tourism
We are currently seeking Seasonal Surf Guides to work at our Leemore, CA, Surf Ranch location during the 2019 Season, April through to October, 2019.
Surf Guides play an integral role in guest safety and guest experience both in and out of the water at Surf Ranch. Under the direct supervision of the Surf Ranch Client Service Manager, Surf Guides perform various duties at the Surf Ranch facility. This includes, but is not limited to, facilitating guest surfing, enforcing rules, and providing quality guest service. The Surf Guide will work directly with guests to provide them with the best possible surfing experience during their time at Surf Ranch. The Surf Guide must have a thorough understanding of all 'wave system' operations including a working knowledge of the Surf Ranch Wave, as well as lifeguard duties as they pertain to emergency communication and response.
Responsibilities include (but not limited to):
- Instruct, advise, and assist guests with all surfing operations.
- Ensure the health, safety, and welfare of visitors.
- Maintain all surfing equipment such as boards, fins, leashes etc.
- Assist lifeguards in emergency medical aid and water response.
- Maintain training requirements.
- Provide clean locker room, including guest names on lockers.
- Maintain cleanliness and general upkeep of Surf Ranch facilities including the board room.
- Ensure all activities & operations are conducted in accordance with established procedures & policies.
- Enforce rules, safety regulations, and general facility rules.
- Provide in water surf coaching in a manner consistent with the company's surf coach program.
- Provide video analysis and coaching during feedback sessions following surfing activities in a manner consistent with the company's coaching program.
- Understand the 'Surf Ranch Water Safety & Rescue Operations'.
- Understand the 'Surf Ranch Wave System Theory of Operations'
- Knowledge of surf instruction that can be applied to all skill levels, fully incorporating the company's surf guide training program
- Strong communication skills to communicate to staff during emergency response via hand signals and other communication protocols
- 10+ years of surfing experience
- Surf Ranch specific water safety training
- CPR/AED & First Aid Certified preferred
- Previous surf lesson experience preferred
- Excited and enthusiastic outlook on work as it pertains to guests and Surf Ranch
- Optimism and energy for the brand and its future
- An open and collaborative nature
- A high degree of self-awareness of one's own personal style, strengths and weaknesses and motivational triggers.
- Integrity and honesty
- Physically able to swim, swim in rough and deep water, walk, run, walk or run over rough or uneven surfaces, bend, stoop, lift, push, pull, and carry loads.
- Must be able to swim at least 550 yards, dive at least 10 feet deep, swim with a 10 pound object for at least 20 yards, and tread water for at least 2 minutes.
- Must be able to watch and supervise groups of students in the ocean and/or bay while coaching technique and supervising safety.
- Must be able to recognize and respond to emergencies and prevent injuries or drowning.


Question: What Does FTA Mean?
What does FTA mean in slang?
from the articleacronym for "from the article." Used on link aggregation and discussion websites (such as and to introduce a quote from the article being discussed.
FTA: The prime minister of….
What does FTA mean in the Army?
Federal Tuition AssistanceFederal Tuition Assistance. Overview. FTA is financial assistance provided for voluntary off-duty education programs in support of a Soldier's professional and personal self-development goals. ( Reference: AR 621-5, Army Continuing Education System)
Can you bond out on a FTA?
A failure to appear charge is a serious infraction in which a commercial bail bond most likely will not be granted. However, if the FTA (Failure to Appear) charge is deemed eligible for a surety bond, finding a bonding company to take on that risk will prove to be a challenge.
Which country has the most FTA?
MexicoMexico offers more Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) than any other country and is a trading partner with more than 50 countries.
What is the benefit of FTA?
Free trade agreements don't just reduce and eliminate tariffs, they also help address behind-the-border barriers that would otherwise impede the flow of goods and services; encourage investment; and improve the rules affecting such issues as intellectual property, e-commerce and government procurement.
What crime is FTA?
FTA in court under PC 1320.5 is charged as a felony. The crime is punishable by: imprisonment in the county jail for up to three years, a maximum fine of $10,000, or.
What does FTA after bail mean?
failure to appear for trialA bench warrant is typically issued in the case of a failure to appear for trial, sometimes abbreviated "FTA." The "bench" is the traditional term for the judge's seat. … Typically, bail on a bench warrant for failure to appear will be enough to cover the fines and court costs for both the original offense and the FTA.
Which country has FTA with India?
India has bilateral agreements with the following countries and blocs:Afghanistan.ASEAN (Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam)Bhutan.Chile.European Union (negotiations stalled)EFTA (Iceland, Lichtenstein, Norway, Switzerland) (negotiations stalled)_TAG_.More items…
What does FTA stand for in transportation?
Federal Transit AdministrationThe Federal Transit Administration (FTA) provides financial and technical assistance to more than 1,000 local public transit systems that operate buses, subways, light rail, commuter rail, trolleys, and ferries.
What is the consequence for FTA or FTP?
What is a Failure to Pay? If you don't pay your fine before the court's deadline, you have failed to pay. A failure to pay may also result in your bail being increased, a $300 Civil Assessment being imposed pursuant to PC 1214, and your case being referred to collections.
What happens when you have a failure to appear?
If you fail to appear in court when ordered, the judge can issue a warrant for your arrest. You could be taken into custody at any time after the warrant is issued. … Once in custody, you may have to stay in jail until a hearing on your failure to appear. Jail sentence and fines.
How long do you go to jail for FTA?
As a misdemeanor, a FTA charge can add six months in county jail and $1,000 in fines to the penalties you are already facing. As a felony, it is punishable by up to three additional years in prison and fines of up to $10,000. What is 'Failure to Appear'?
What does FTW mean?
Is Army an acronym?
The Term Army is an acronym that came about in the17 century in England.
What does RTB mean in the military?
Return to BaseGenerally refers to any service member who is lazy and ineffective, typically those weeks or months away from leaving the military. RTB – Return to Base.
What does FTA stand for in medical terms?
What are FTA countries?
Free Trade AgreementsAustralia.Bahrain.Canada (included in the North American FTA [NAFTA])Chile.Colombia.Costa Rica (included in the Dominican Republic – Central America FTA [CAFTA-DR])Dominican Republic (included in CAFTA-DR)El Salvador (included in CAFTA-DR)More items…
What charge is FTA?
"FTA" – Failure to Appear. A criminal defendant has failed to appear at his hearing and the judge has issued a warrant for his arrest so that he may be brought before the court. When you see an FTA and FTP on the arrest report, the underlying charge usually follows.
How long does a FTA stay on your record?
Any hit and run or DUI points take 13 years to come off your records and a failure to appear in court will stay on your record for 5 years. Different penalties are associated with different infractions and violations.
What does FHx mean in medical terms?
family historyFHx. family history (in medicine, meaning specifically the medical histories of family members and ancestors)
What does FTA eligible mean in court?
Failure To AppearWhat Is A Failure To Appear (FTA) Charge? When a person is obligated to show up for court for any reason, but does not appear, the judge may choose to issue a warrant for their arrest, known as a Failure to Appear or an FTA Bench Warrant.


Theorem: The resolvent set is an open subset of \mathbb{C} on which the resolvent is an analytic operator valued function. Resolvents at different points commute and we have
 R λ(T)R μ(T)=(μλ)R μ(T)R λ(T) R_{\lambda}(T) - R_{\mu}(T) = (\mu - \lambda) R_{\mu}(T) R_{\lambda}(T)
The proof can be done as in the bounded case.
Commuting operators
The concept of commuting operators, which is of no problem in the bounded case, presents a conceptual difficulty in the unbounded one: for given operators AA, BB we would like to be able to say whether they commute, although their composite may not have dense domain. For selfadjoint operators there is a solution to this problem: We know that in the bounded case, two selfadjoint operators commute iff their spectral projections commute. This suggests the
 - Definition: two (possibly unbounded) selfadjoint operators commute iff all their spectral projections commute.
The spectral theorem shows that all bounded Borel functions of two commuting operators will also commute.
The following theorem states the reverse for two of the most important functions and shows that the definition of commutation above is reasonable:
 - Theorem: let AA and BB be selfadjoint operators on a Hilbert space \mathcal{H}. Then the following three statements are equivalent:
(a) AA and BB commute
(b) if Imλ\operatorname{Im} \lambda and Imμ\operatorname{Im} \mu are 0\neq 0, then R λ(A)R_{\lambda}(A) and R μ(B)R_{\mu}(B) commute, as it is defined for bounded operators: R λ(A)R μ(B)=R μ(B)R λ(A)R_{\lambda}(A) R_{\mu}(B) = R_{\mu}(B) R_{\lambda}(A)
(c) for all t,st, s \in \mathbb{R} we have exp(itA)exp(isB)=exp(isB)exp(itA)\exp(itA) \exp(isB) = \exp(isB) \exp(itA)
Strongly continuous one-parameter semigroups
A strongly continuous one-parameter semigroup is an unitary representation of \mathbb{R} on \mathcal{H} where \mathbb{R} is seen as a topological group with respect to multiplication, see topological group. An explicit definition recalling these concepts is this:
 - Definition: a function U:()U : \mathbb{R} \to \mathcal{B}(\mathcal{H}) is a one-parameter semigroup if the semigroup condition U(t+s)=U(t)U(s)U(t+s) = U(t)U(s) holds. If for every xx \in \mathcal{H} and tt 0t \to t_0 we have U(t)xU(t 0)xU(t)x \to U(t_0)x then it is strongly continuous. If every UU is an unitary operator, it is an unitary semigroup.
In the following a semigroup will be understood to be a one-parameter unitary strongly continuous semigroup.
In physics, one-parameter semigroups of this kind often represent the time evolution of a physical system described by an evolution equation.
 - Theorem: a selfadjoint operator AA generates a semigroup via U(t):=exp(itA)U(t) := \exp(itA)
 - Theorem (Stone's theorem): let UU be a semigroup, then there is a selfadjoint operator AA such that U(t)=exp(itA)U(t) = \exp(i t A). This operator is often called the infinitesimal generator of UU.
These two theorems are essential for the Schrödinger picture of quantum mechanics, which describes a system by the Schrödinger equation, we have now a one-to-one correspondence of selfadjoint operators which can be seen as Hamilton operators (only special operators will be seen as describing actual physical systems, of course), and semigroups which describe the time evolution generated by the Hamilton operator.
As a trivial observation we add that Stone's theorem is a (huge) generalization of the Taylor series, let f:f: \mathbb{R} \to \mathbb{R} that is (real) analytic in a neighborhood of 00, then we get for xx small enough:
f(h)= k=0 f n(0)n!h n=exp(ih(iddx)) f(h) = \sum_{k=0}^{\infty} \frac{f^{n}(0)}{n!} h^n = \exp(i h(-i \frac{d}{dx} ))
This shows that the operator iddx-i \frac{d}{dx} generates the semigroup of translations on the real line. Now we could, for example, use Stone's theorem to prove that iddx-i \frac{d}{dx} is selfadjoint by proving that the translation group is strongly continuous.
Subtleties resulting from domain issues
(This rather generic title will have to be revised.)
Nelson's example of noncommuting exponentials
Nelson's example shows that the rather involved definition of commutativity of two unbounded operators is well motivated, because a more naive one will have unwanted consequences. It is a counterexample to the following conjecture:
 - Conjecture (false!): Let AA and BB be selfadjoint operators on a Hilbert space \mathcal{H} and DD a dense subset such that both AA and BB restricted to DD are essentially selfadjoint. Suppose that for all xDx \in D we have ABxBAx=0 A B x - B A x = 0. Then AA and BB commute.
We have already seen that on 2\mathbb{R}^2 we can define two essentially selfadjoint operators i x-i \partial_x and i y-i \partial_y that generate translations along the x-axis and the y-axis respectively. Both the generated translations and the operators commute (the latter if applied to differentiable functions, of course).
The central idea of Nelson's counterexample is to replace 2\mathbb{R}^2 by a Riemann surface with two sheets, such that walking east, then walking north takes you to one sheet, while walking north then walking east takes you to the other sheet.
We use the Riemann surface MM of f(z)=(z)f(z) = \sqrt(z). We give a brief exposition of its construction: take two copies of \mathbb{C}, two "sheets", and call them I and II. Cut both sheets along (0,)(0, \infty), label the edge of the first quadrant along the cut as ++ and the edge of the fourth quadrant as -. Then attach the ++ edge of I with the - edge of II and the - of I with the ++ edge of II.
Let =L 2(M)\mathcal{H} = L^2(M) with respect to Lebesgue measure. As indicated above we define A = i x-i \partial_x and B = i y-i \partial_y, this is with respect to the canonical chart on each sheet that projects it onto \mathbb{C} and then identifies \mathbb{C} with 2\mathbb{R}^2.
Let DD be the set of all smooth functions with compact support not containing 00. Then:
(a) AA and BB are essentially selfadjoint on DD
(b) AA and BB map DD onto DD
(c) for all xDx \in D we have ABx=BAxA B x = B A x
(d) exp(itA)\exp(i t A) and exp(isB)\exp(i s B) do not commute.
Only part (a) needs further explanation…
 - Konrad Schmuedgen, Unbounded self-adjoint operators on Hilbert space, Springer GTM 265, 2012
Chapter VIII of the following classic volume is devoted to unbounded operators:
Nelson's example is taken from the above reference, the original reference is this:
 - Edward Nelson: Analytic Vectors Ann.Math. 70, p.572-615, 1959
category: analysis
Revised on March 1, 2015 22:31:36 by Gabriele Tornetta? (


text:
The Hunter Valley Flood Mitigation Scheme was built after the disastrous Hunter River flood of 1955. The scheme is an integrated system of levees, floodgates and drains (assets) on the Hunter, Paterson and Williams rivers. It is operated and maintained by the Department of Planning and Environment with support from Hunter Local Land Services.
The scheme does not provide complete flood protection. It is designed to mitigate or reduce flood damage. Scheme assets provide minor flood protection for rural land and moderate flood protection for Maitland, Lorn, Raymond Terrace, Singleton and Aberdeen.
There are more than 2000 individual scheme assets maintained along the rivers and floodplains. The scheme is valued at around $862 million.
How the flood mitigation scheme works
- The scheme provides protection for people, property and infrastructure.
- Levees and controlled floodways protect rural areas and major towns from minor to moderate flooding.
- Maitland floodways divert major flows in a controlled manner around the city.
- Levees provide a reduction in flood damages to towns in moderate to major floods and rural lands in minor floods.
- Channels and floodgates allow the removal of floodwaters from farming land over time, reducing negative impacts on local landholders.


text:
Plettenberg Bay, nicknamed Plet or Plett is the primary town of the Bitou Local Municipality in the Western Cape Province of South Africa. It was originally named Bahia Formosa ("beautiful bay") by early Portuguese explorers and lies on South Africa's Garden Route 210 km from Port Elizabeth and about 600 km from Cape Town.
Nelson Bay Cave and Matjies River Cave at nearby Keurboomstrand were inhabited for over 100,000 years by Middle Stone Age man and then later by ancestors of the Khoisan, who were possibly the same people who traded with the Portuguese survivors of the San Gonzales shipwreck. Their tools, ornaments and food debris can be viewed in these caves, which are still being excavated.
Long before Jan van Riebeeck landed at the Cape, Portuguese explorers charted the bay in the 15th and 16th centuries, the first being Bartholomew Dias in 1487. Ninety years later Manuel da Perestrello aptly called it Bahia Formosa or the Beautiful Bay. The first European inhabitants were 100 Portuguese sailors marooned here for 9 months when the San Gonzales sank in the bay in 1630. The survivors built two small boats which they used to link with a passing vessel. A stone that they left behind on Beacon Island, known as the Van Plettenberg Stone, is now in the Cape Town museum. In 1763, the first European settlers in the Bay were stock farmers, hunters and frontiersmen from the Western Cape.
A stinkwood navigational beacon was first erected on Beacon Island in 1771. The original was a square block of stinkwood, inscribed with the latitude and longitude of Plettenberg Bay and erected to enable mariners to check their location. It was replaced by a stone one by Captain Sewell in 1881.
The bay housed a barracks for the Dutch East India Company in 1776. The Governor of the Cape, Baron Joachim van Plettenberg, renamed the town Plettenberg Bay in 1779. In 1869 the barracks was bought by St Peters Church and used as a rectory for the next 70 years. Today it is privately owned.
In 1787/88 Johann Jerling erected a timber shed commissioned by the Dutch East India Company; the remains can still be seen and are preserved as a provincial heritage site.
In the 1830's, Plettenberg Bay was a stopping point for ships travelling through during the winter time, heading to India.
As of 1833, the population of Plettenberg Bay was estimated around 400, with half being white, according to diplomat Edmund Roberts who visited the area. Edmund Roberts noted that the bay had a large abundance of cattle and sheep. He also recognized "the excellence of its butter" and a timber industry.
A whaling station on Beacon Island closed down in 1916. Parts of the iron slipway are still visible today. A hotel called The Beacon Isle was built on the site of the whaling station. This was replaced by the iconic Beacon Isle Southern Sun Resort which opened for business in December 1972. This building, designed by André Hoffe, has a layered atrium which pays tribute to the Guggenheim Museum of Frank Lloyd Wright. Between 1960 and 1990 Plettenberg Bay holiday resort expanded dramatically, extending along Robberg Beach ('Millionaire's Row'), and back towards the N2. During the apartheid period property within Plettenberg Bay was designated for whites only, with segregation of the beaches and toilet facilities.
New Horizons, across the N2, was designated as a settlement area for coloured people in 1968. As the 1980s progressed informal settlements of Xhosa migrants grew up around the edges of New Horizons and in the area of KwaNokuthula which became a town.
Although Plettenberg Bay escaped most of the violence associated with the end of apartheid, the assassination of Chris Hani in April 1993 led to a protest march into the town from KwaNokuthula, during which industrial premises on the outskirts of the town were burnt to the ground. Although formal segregation ceased with the repeal of the apartheid laws, the consequences of the previously segregated property ownership remain highly visible to this day.
Local vegetation varies from Cape Fynbos to Knysna-Amatole montane forests further inland.
Plettenberg Bay hosts one of the largest seagull breeding colonies along the South African coast at the mouth of the Keurbooms River, named after the indigenous keurboom tree. There are many pelagic birds in the area as well as the endangered African Oystercatcher which live along the shores.
The Robberg Peninsula is home to a large Cape fur seal colony, seals can often be seen in the surf off Robberg Beach. Great White Sharks, attracted by the seal colony, can also be spotted from the high ground of Robberg Peninsula. Southern Right whales are a common sight in the bay during their breeding season from July to December. Bryde's whales frequent the bay throughout the year being the most sighted during the summer months. Humpback whales migrate past during July and December. Killer whales (Orca) and Sei whales are occasionally sighted. Whales can be viewed from various viewpoints in the town as well as from Robberg Peninsula. Plettenberg Bay also boasts 3 species of dolphins which visit the bay throughout the year, these being the Bottlenosed dolphin, the Common dolphin and the endangered Humpback dolphin.
A distinctive flower-shaped sea shell called a pansy shell is endemic to this part of the coast, and is used as the symbol representing the town. Looking for these shells on the beach at low tide is a popular activity amongst visitors and locals alike. Robberg Peninsula is maintained as a nature reserve, allowing visitors to see many of the area's local plants and animals.
In December 1977, the area was impacted by an oil spill from the Venpet-Venoil collision, which occurred 60 km offshore when two supertankers collided.
Plettenberg Bay is typified by an extremely mild maritime temperate climate with very few rainfall or temperature extremes. It is located within the Knysna Afromontane Forest biome, containing temperate gallery forest, supported by the mild temperatures and high, even distributed rainfall. Here follows the records for the closest climate station just to the east in the Tsitsikamma:
Maximum/minimum temperatures: January: 23°C/17 °C; July: 17 °C/10 °C; rainfall: 945 mm per annum.
The bay is defined on the southern end by Cape Seal at the terminus of the Robberg (Afrikaans for Seal Mountain) Peninsula, separating the bay from the open Indian Ocean. It is one of the southern cape coast's typical "J-shaped" bays, which is formed by wave action eroding the shales of the Bokkeveld Group between the weather-resistant headlands composed of the Table Mountain Group, both of the Cape Supergroup geological sequence of rocks. To the north, the Tsitsikamma and Langkloof Mountains keeps the moisture on the southern slopes of the mountains and prevent the temperature extremes of the interior reaching the bay.


text:
Origin of Rosasco
The Family Facts archive, with its rich historical information, can tell you everything from the lifespan of your ancestors to the very meaning of your last name. Every time you find a fact, we'll tell you what it means.
Rosasco Origin and Immigration
Top Places of Origin for Rosasco
You can find out where the majority of Rosasco families were living before they immigrated to the U.S. You can learn where to focus your search for foreign records.
Ports of Departure for Rosasco
You can pinpoint where the majority of Rosasco families booked passage to the US. You can find out where to start searching for Rosasco records.
Rosasco Immigration to the US by Year
You can find out when most of the Rosasco families immigrated to the United States. You can focus your search to immigration records dating from that era.
Name History and Origin for Rosasco
Naming patterns can help you learn more about your family's cultural and ethnic background. You might find alternate name spellings which are helpful when searching for family records.
Rosasco Surname Distribution
Helpful, as you can decide where to start searching for Rosasco records. You can also find out where the majority of Rosasco families were living during the 19th century.
Total Records: 0
Rosasco Genealogy Search
French Canadian Sources
Guidebook of American Genealogy
Access Free Genealogy
Family Tree Maker Version 16
Alabama Genealogy and History
Arizona Genealogy and History
Free Family Tree Website
Idaho Genealogy and History
Kentucky Genealogy and History
Georgia Genealogy and History
Nebraska Genealogy and History
Oregon Genealogy and History
South Dakota Genealogy
Uncommon Baby Names


BioShock Infinite Language Settings FAQ
Does BioShock Infinite have full language packs?
Yes, BioShock Infinite is available with full language audio support and subtitles in several languages. The audio dialogue and subtitles will both play in your preferred language, as determined by your platform settings.
What languages can I play BioShock Infinite in?
Copies of BioShock Infinite in most territories will have access to English, French, Italian, German, and Spanish localizations.
Russian, Polish, and Japanese are only available in their respective territories.
I live in a CIS country, will EFIGS localization be available for me?
Yes, Russian and CIS copies will also have English, French, German, Italian and Spanish localization. The same goes for Polish and Japanese copies.
For more information about the Russian and Polish-language versions of BioShock Infinite, please contact 1C Support:
Are save files in BioShock Infinite bound to one specific language?
No, you are free to change your system's language at any time. Save files are compatible with any language pack.
How do I change the language that my game plays in?
In general, BioShock Infinite will play in the language detected by the platform's system settings. On PC, it will play in its detected Steam settings.
Change your Xbox 360 console language
To change the language setting on your Xbox 360 console, follow these steps:
 1. Press the button on your controller, go to , and then select .
 GuideSettingsSystem Settings
 2. Select Console Settings.
 3. Select Language and Locale.
 4. Select Language.
 5. Select the language that you want to use.
 6. The game should now launch in your selected language
 7. More information can be found at the following: _URL_
Change your PS3 console language
To change the language setting on your PlayStation 3 console, follow these steps:
 1. From the XMB (Playstation dashboard), select Settings and press X
 2. Select System Settings and press X
 3. Select System Language and press X
 4. The menu will present a list of available languages to choose from. Select the language of your choice and press the X button to confirm.
 5. The game should now launch in your selected language
 6. More information can be found at the following: _URL_
Change your Steam language (PC)
In Steam, the language setting can be changed by either changing the global language settings for your Steam Client, or by changing the properties for just this game. To change the language settings specific to BioShock Infinite in Steam, follow these steps:
 1. Log into your Steam account
 2. Right click on BioShock Infinite from the Steam game library and choose Properties.
 3. Go to the Language tab
 5. Click OK
 6. Upon launching the game, Steam will download and install the required language files.
 7. Once the language files are installed, you should be able to launch the game in your preferred language.
 8. More information can be found on the following page:
Have more questions? Submit a request
Article is closed for comments.


propellor-5.13: property-based host configuration management in haskell
Safe HaskellNone
LanguageHaskell2010
Propellor.Base
Description
Pulls in lots of useful modules for building and using Properties.
Synopsis
Propellor modules
System modules
getTemporaryDirectory :: IO FilePath #
Returns the current directory for temporary files.
On Unix, getTemporaryDirectory returns the value of the TMPDIR environment variable or "/tmp" if the variable isn't defined. On Windows, the function checks for the existence of environment variables in the following order and uses the first path found:
 - TMP environment variable.
 - TEMP environment variable.
 - USERPROFILE environment variable.
 - The Windows directory
The operation may fail with:
 - UnsupportedOperation The operating system has no notion of temporary directory.
The function doesn't verify whether the path exists.
getUserDocumentsDirectory :: IO FilePath #
Returns the current user's document directory.
The directory returned is expected to be writable by the current user, but note that it isn't generally considered good practice to store application-specific data here; use getXdgDirectory or getAppUserDataDirectory instead.
On Unix, getUserDocumentsDirectory returns the value of the HOME environment variable. On Windows, the system is queried for a suitable path; a typical path might be C:/Users/<user>/Documents.
The operation may fail with:
 - UnsupportedOperation The operating system has no notion of document directory.
 - isDoesNotExistError The document directory for the current user does not exist, or cannot be found.
getAppUserDataDirectory #
Arguments
:: FilePath
a relative path that is appended to the path
-> IO FilePath
Obtain the path to a special directory for storing user-specific application data (traditional Unix location). Newer applications may prefer the the XDG-conformant location provided by getXdgDirectory (migration guide).
The argument is usually the name of the application. Since it will be integrated into the path, it must consist of valid path characters.
 - On Unix-like systems, the path is ~/.<app>.
 - On Windows, the path is %APPDATA%/<app> (e.g. C:/Users/<user>/AppData/Roaming/<app>)
Note: the directory may not actually exist, in which case you would need to create it. It is expected that the parent directory exists and is writable.
The operation may fail with:
 - UnsupportedOperation The operating system has no notion of application-specific data directory.
 - isDoesNotExistError The home directory for the current user does not exist, or cannot be found.
getXdgDirectoryList #
Arguments
:: XdgDirectoryList
which special directory list
-> IO [FilePath]
Similar to getXdgDirectory but retrieves the entire list of XDG directories.
On Windows, XdgDataDirs and XdgConfigDirs usually map to the same list of directories unless overridden.
Refer to the docs of XdgDirectoryList for more details.
getXdgDirectory #
Arguments
:: XdgDirectory
which special directory
-> FilePath
a relative path that is appended to the path; if empty, the base path is returned
-> IO FilePath
Obtain the paths to special directories for storing user-specific application data, configuration, and cache files, conforming to the XDG Base Directory Specification. Compared with getAppUserDataDirectory, this function provides a more fine-grained hierarchy as well as greater flexibility for the user.
On Windows, XdgData and XdgConfig usually map to the same directory unless overridden.
Refer to the docs of XdgDirectory for more details.
The second argument is usually the name of the application. Since it will be integrated into the path, it must consist of valid path characters. Note: if the second argument is an absolute path, it will just return the second argument.
Note: The directory may not actually exist, in which case you would need to create it with file mode 700 (i.e. only accessible by the owner).
As of 1.3.5.0, the environment variable is ignored if set to a relative path, per revised XDG Base Directory Specification. See #100.
Since: directory-1.2.3.0
getHomeDirectory :: IO FilePath #
Returns the current user's home directory.
The directory returned is expected to be writable by the current user, but note that it isn't generally considered good practice to store application-specific data here; use getXdgDirectory or getAppUserDataDirectory instead.
On Unix, getHomeDirectory behaves as follows:
 - Returns $HOME env variable if set (including to an empty string).
 - Otherwise uses home directory returned by getpwuid_r using the UID of the current proccesses user. This basically reads the etcpasswd file. An empty home directory field is considered valid.
On Windows, the system is queried for a suitable path; a typical path might be C:/Users/<user>.
The operation may fail with:
 - UnsupportedOperation The operating system has no notion of home directory.
 - isDoesNotExistError The home directory for the current user does not exist, or cannot be found.
setModificationTime :: FilePath -> UTCTime -> IO () #
Change the time at which the file or directory was last modified.
The operation may fail with:
Some caveats for POSIX systems:
 - Not all systems support utimensat, in which case the function can only emulate the behavior by reading the access time and then setting both the access and modification times together. On systems where utimensat is supported, the modification time is set atomically with nanosecond precision.
 - If compiled against a version of unix prior to 2.7.0.0, the function would not be able to set timestamps with sub-second resolution. In this case, there would also be loss of precision in the access time.
Since: directory-1.2.3.0
setAccessTime :: FilePath -> UTCTime -> IO () #
Change the time at which the file or directory was last accessed.
The operation may fail with:
Some caveats for POSIX systems:
 - Not all systems support utimensat, in which case the function can only emulate the behavior by reading the modification time and then setting both the access and modification times together. On systems where utimensat is supported, the access time is set atomically with nanosecond precision.
 - If compiled against a version of unix prior to 2.7.0.0, the function would not be able to set timestamps with sub-second resolution. In this case, there would also be loss of precision in the modification time.
Since: directory-1.2.3.0
getModificationTime :: FilePath -> IO UTCTime #
Obtain the time at which the file or directory was last modified.
The operation may fail with:
Caveat for POSIX systems: This function returns a timestamp with sub-second resolution only if this package is compiled against unix-2.6.0.0 or later and the underlying filesystem supports them.
getAccessTime :: FilePath -> IO UTCTime #
Obtain the time at which the file or directory was last accessed.
The operation may fail with:
Caveat for POSIX systems: This function returns a timestamp with sub-second resolution only if this package is compiled against unix-2.6.0.0 or later and the underlying filesystem supports them.
Since: directory-1.2.3.0
getSymbolicLinkTarget :: FilePath -> IO FilePath #
Retrieve the target path of either a file or directory symbolic link. The returned path may not be absolute, may not exist, and may not even be a valid path.
On Windows systems, this calls DeviceIoControl with FSCTL_GET_REPARSE_POINT. In addition to symbolic links, the function also works on junction points. On POSIX systems, this calls readlink.
Windows-specific errors: This operation may fail with illegalOperationErrorType if the file system does not support symbolic links.
Since: directory-1.3.1.0
pathIsSymbolicLink :: FilePath -> IO Bool #
Check whether an existing path is a symbolic link. If path is a regular file or directory, False is returned. If path does not exist or is otherwise inaccessible, an exception is thrown (see below).
On Windows, this checks for FILE_ATTRIBUTE_REPARSE_POINT. In addition to symbolic links, the function also returns true on junction points. On POSIX systems, this checks for S_IFLNK.
The operation may fail with:
Since: directory-1.3.0.0
removeDirectoryLink :: FilePath -> IO ()


text:
Exemptions from property income tax
The sale of homes, commonhold properties and land are tax-exempt if they constitute the primary residence of the taxpayer. The primary residence (the focal point of life) is the home or commonhold property in which the seller has lived continuously for at least two years since it was acquired and up to the time of sale. The primary residence exemption also applies if the seller has lived in this house or this apartment as the "primary resident" continuously for at least five years within the last ten years prior to the sale (the "five out of ten rule").
In contrast to the producer exemption, the primary residence exemption also covers the land, for a surface area of up to 1 000 m2. The exemption for a five-year continuous primary residence also applies if the primary residence was rented out for the remaining period of time (up to five years).
As the "five out of ten rule" does not require that the property be the primary residence immediately prior to the sale, the exemption will continue to apply even if the taxpayer already gave up his/her primary residence prior to the sale. In principle, the seller him/herself must have been the owner of the property while it was being used as the primary residence. The primary residence exemption is thus generally not inheritable, meaning that a sale from an estate is liable for tax even if the deceased would have met the primary residence requirement. However, periods during which the seller resided in the property as a dependant but was not yet the owner count towards the "five out of ten rule", provided that he/she ultimately inherits the property or receives it as a gift. Therefore, if an inherited or gifted detached house or commonhold property is sold, what is decisive is whether the seller had lived there continuously for five years as his/her primary residence (even as a mere housemate of the person who later bequeathed or gifted the house or apartment). Furthermore, the seller must relinquish or (in the case of the five-year period) must have already relinquished the primary residence.
- A person divides his/her home into two residential units, sells one and retains the other as his/her primary residence. The primary residence exemption does not apply.
- A person's home has been his/her primary residence for more than five years, he/she sells that home and remains there as the primary tenant (for more than one year). The exemption is not granted.
- A person's commonhold property has been his/her primary residence for more than five years. He/she owns a second commonhold property that he/she rents out. Once the rental arrangement has ended, he/she moves into the previously rented apartment as primary resident and sells his/her former primary residence. The exemption is granted.
- A person inherits his/her parents' commonhold property in which he/she has not lived for more than five years and sells it.The sale is not exempt.
There is a tolerance period of 1 year, both as regards the establishment of the primary residence for the purpose of the exemption under the two-year rule and for relinquishing the primary residence in both cases.
Profit from the sale of a self-constructed building is also tax-exempt. In this case, however, the associated land is liable for tax (see in this regard the example under "Old buildings"), unless the primary residence exemption is also applicable (see note below). A self-constructed building is one where the taxpayer builds the building from scratch (that is to say "house construction" and not completion or renovation, even if comprehensive) and assumes the (financial) risk associated with construction. A building is also self-constructed if it was built by an appointed contractor but the owner had to assume the risk of any cost overruns. The seller him/herself must have constructed the building; self-constructed buildings built by the legal predecessor are thus not covered by the producer exemption.
An exception to the producer exemption applies if the building has served to generate income within the last ten years: if the building has been only partially used to generate income (partial rental of the house or commonhold property), only the non-rented part may be exempt from taxation, with the rented part not being eligible for the exemption.
If the primary residence exemption and the producer exemption both apply, the primary residence exemption takes priority. This is more favourable as it is only the building that is tax-exempt under the producer exemption, whereas the associated land is also exempt under the primary residence exemption, in principle.
Sales carried out in the course of or in order to prevent official intervention (expropriations) are tax-exempt.
Exchange transactions involving agricultural and forestry plots of land as part of amalgamation and land consolidation procedures and exchange transactions involving plots of land as part of land rationalisation procedures are tax-exempt.
In these cases, the information relating to the exchanged plots of land that is relevant for tax purposes must be carried forward.
Responsible for the content: Federal Ministry of Finance


text:
Growing broccoli in the eastern United States has been a challenge due to a climate that stresses broccoli and the lack of a coordinated effort between sectors of the industry. As a result, 90 percent of broccoli sold in the east is shipped from California and Mexico.
But now, a Cornell-led team of industry and academic researchers seeks to develop a $100 million broccoli industry on the East Coast over the next 10 years with a grant from the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA).
The $3.2 million grant, with an additional $1.7 million in matching contributions from participating companies that will work on the project at their own expense, will help develop broccoli germplasm to suit eastern conditions, recruit farmers and organize networks for growers and distributors. Recent developments in broccoli breeding have made plants more tolerant to eastern heat and humidity, a major obstacle to growing broccoli in the East. The project will increase eastern U.S. production from isolated pockets to a regional year-round market for eastern consumers.
The project also aims to develop a more sustainable industry that responds to retailers' and consumers' desires for local products, reduces the high fuel costs and greenhouse gas emissions from trucking broccoli from the West Coast and conserves scarce western U.S. irrigation water.
The team includes the USDA, seven other universities and 11 companies, marking a collaboration between industry and academic researchers.
"Our assembled team of breeders, production specialists and market developers have the breeding stocks and expertise to develop an eastern broccoli industry," said Thomas Bjorkman, Cornell associate professor of horticulture and the project's principal investigator.
Other team members include Miguel Gomez, Cornell assistant professor of applied economics and management, who will find cost efficiencies for this industry and work with participating distributors to establish a distribution infrastructure; and Phillip Griffiths, Cornell associate professor of horticulture, who will select broccoli suited to eastern conditions and co-lead regional trials.
Once the right varieties have been developed, seed companies -- working closely with academic researchers -- will produce hybrid seed.
At the same time, extension educators from Cornell and other universities will organize local growers in each region into production networks that can deliver larger amounts with less risk and cost, and will develop production recommendations for them that reflect new varieties, and current economic and environmental conditions.
"We are simultaneously developing a grower base, distribution network and market," said Bjorkman. "Trying to do one part at a time is sure to fail. It is only by having a comprehensive team such as ours that we can make all the parts of the industry work," he added.


text:
Livestock, Poverty and the Environment—A Balancing Act and a Balanced Account
International Livestock Research Institute Newsletter | April 3, 2013
Territory size shows the proportion of worldwide meat consumption that occurs there (map by Worldmapper). Meat consumption per person is highest in Western Europe, with nine of the top ten meat-consuming populations living in Western Europe (the tenth in this ranking is New Zealand). The most meat is consumed in China, where a fifth of the world population lives.
Authors of a new paper setting out the roles of livestock in developing countries argue that although providing a 'balanced account' of livestock's roles entails something of a 'balancing act', we had better get on with it if we want to build global food, economic and environmental security.


Did you know?
buzz - definition and synonyms
What are red words?
Thesaurus diagram
verb buzz pronunciation in American English
Word Forms
present tense
present participlebuzzing
past tensebuzzed
past participlebuzzed
 1. 1
 [intransitive]Sound effect when an insect such as a fly or bee buzzes, it makes a rough continuous sound
 1. a.
 [intransitive] used about machines or electric tools that make a similar sound when they are being used
 Saws were buzzing everywhere.
 2. b.
 [intransitive] to move somewhere while buzzing
 buzz around/by/past etc.:
 Flies were buzzing around my head.
 3. c.
 [intransitive] [usually progressive] if your ears or your head are buzzing, you can hear a continuous sound inside your head
 My head was still buzzing hours after leaving the nightclub.
 4. d.
 [intransitive/transitive] spoken to press a buzzer to attract someone's attention
 Just buzz me when the client arrives.
 Buzz if you know the answer.
 2. 2
 [intransitive] [usually progressive] if a place or group of people is buzzing, there is a lot of noise or activity
 buzz with:
 Normally the house was buzzing with cheerful conversation.
 1. a.
 if someone's head, mind, or brain is buzzing with ideas, questions, etc. or if these are buzzing around in their head, mind, or brain, they cannot stop thinking about them
 buzz with:
 His mind was always buzzing with new and exciting ideas.
 buzz around:
 With all these questions buzzing around in my head, I couldn't sleep.
 Synonyms and related words
 3. 3
 [transitive] informal to fly an airplane low over people or buildings
 The locals are fed up with being buzzed by military jets.
 4. 4
 [intransitive] to move around quickly and busily
 buzz around/about:
 Jane buzzed around serving drinks and chatting with her guests.
phrasal verbs
 - Facebook
 - Twitter
BuzzWord Article
Open Dictionary
open/agreeable/able to be communicated with via text
add a word
global English and language change from our blog
Macmillan learn live love play


Giphy for Slack
The Giphy app lets you search a library of animated GIFs and send them in Slack. Once Giphy is installed to your workspace, any member can post GIFs in conversations from the shortcuts menu. Read on to learn how to use Giphy in Slack.
Add the Giphy app to Slack
 1. Visit the Giphy app page in the Slack App Directory.
 2. Click Add to Slack.
 3. Click Add Giphy Integration.
Send a GIF in Slack
Note: Common words and phrases can return unexpected results. Use with care!
 1. From a conversation, click the lightning bolt icon to open the shortcuts menu.
 2. Search for Giphy.
 3. Click Find and share a GIF
 4. Type a word or phrase in the text field, then click Search.
 5. Click Shuffle to view more options, then select Share to post your GIF.
Tip: The Find and share a GIF shortcut won't show up in the shortcuts menu from threads. To share GIFs in a thread, type the /giphy slash command in the message field, then add your search term and send your message to choose a GIF.
Manage Giphy settings
If you'd like, you can set a maximum GIF rating. Setting a GIF rating for the Giphy app determines the G-R rating of GIFs all members of your workspace will be able to view and send in Slack.
 1. Visit the Giphy page in the Slack App Directory.
 2. Open the dropdown menu to select a GIF rating option.
 3. Click Save Integration.


text:
Over deze norm
1.1 This guide covers sampling for prebaked carbon anodes used in the production of aluminum, and details procedures for taking test samples from anode blocks. It covers equipment and procedures for obtaining samples from anode blocks in a manner that does not destroy the block or prevent its subsequent use as originally intended. However, the user must determine the subsequent use of the sampled anode blocks. Preferred locations for taking samples from single units of anodes are covered in this guide.
1.1.1 Information for sampling of shaped refractory products, in general, is given in ISO 5022. This standard details the statistical basis for sampling plans for acceptance testing of a consignment or lot. Anodes used in the production of aluminum have specific requirements for sampling and while the statistical basis for sampling given in ISO 5022 applies, further or modified requirements may also apply.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: The following ASTM standards are noted as sources of useful information: Test Methods,,,,,, and.
|Nederlandse titel||Standard Guide for Sampling Plan and Core Sampling for Prebaked Anodes Used in Aluminum Production|
|Engelse titel||Standard Guide for Sampling Plan and Core Sampling for Prebaked Anodes Used in Aluminum Production|


text:
Thursday 30 March 2017
The boys in PP2 had an exciting term in their Spanish lessons, learning about planets and how to form sentences to describe them. After a lot of hard work, the boys created their own planet books. When you open the two halves of the planet, you reveal a concertina book with many facts about planets. All the work is written in Spanish and made entirely by the boys. Well done PP2.


text:
Guilford's rich clock making history gave America the gift of time.
One of Connecticut's most notable historical achievements has been the practice of clock making. The craft reached particular heights in the town of Guilford, where astonishing, enduring, and elegant advancements in clock making arose.
In 1726, Ebenezer Parmelee was commissioned to build the first tower clock in Connecticut for the Guilford church. Prior to his work, most clocks produced in America were for domestic use and had to be imported from England. "Parmelee is remembered for the tall clocks that bear his name, as well as the very early Guilford tower clock," says Phillip Zea, president of Historic Deerfield and expert on early American clocks. "His son, Ebenezer Jr., also worked as a clockmaker, as did other family members."
There was a huge need for public clocks during this period, as many citizens of early America found domestic clocks prohibitively expensive. "Before the American Revolution, very few families could afford to own a clock at home," says Zea. "Public time was the only way to accurately mark the passage of the hours. Consequently, public or tower clocks were an important source of information and civic pride."
The Guilford tower clock was a particularly notable achievement. No other state possessed such an awe-inspiring example of the craft: it bore a hand-wrought iron frame, brass wheels, and a massive pendulum. "The public clocks that Ebenezer Sr. made for Guilford and Milford remain a tribute to his reputation," Zea says.
Parmelee is also celebrated due to his influence on successive generations of clockmakers. "Sometimes, significance is really a function of objects that survive with a signature or provenance, especially when multiple generations of craftsmen are involved," says Zea. "That is the case of the Parmelee family of Guilford, who worked as clockmakers and silversmiths over a couple generations."
Due to Parmelee's influence, the state of Connecticut would soon become home to a wealth of pioneering clockmakers. "American clock making is primarily a Connecticut story, especially during the nineteenth century with the innovations of Eli Terry, Seth Thomas, Riley Whiting, and Joseph Ives," Zea notes. "Their designs focused on making available at low cost clocks that most people [otherwise] could not afford."
It is, however, the enduring work of Ebenezer Parmelee and his Guilford spire clock that sets him apart to this day. Zea says, "The contributions of the Parmelee family to Connecticut clock making before the revolution is elevated by the survival of their work in both public and private timekeeping."


previous_group previous up next next_group
Previous: 6. Results for Dual Up: 6. Results for Dual Next: 2. Overflow and Timeout
1. $C^3$ Dual Conversion versus CDD, 64-bit
We now compare the implementation of Chernikova algorithm for 64-bit in $C^3$, denoted C3DD64, and the C-implementation using the double description method of the CDD library for 64-bit, denoted CDD64. Here we ignore the fact that CDD64 uses C-built-in double floating point or GNU multi-precision rational library which are both faster than C3DD64's integer computation.
In 6_fig:SPEC95_dual_conversion_dimension_C3DD64_CDD64_100, the histogram shows only green zones [*] which mean that CDD64 is always faster than C3DD64. In fact, CDD64 is faster in $100$ percent of all tests. Finally, total run times accumulated for all tests are compared: we have CDD64 is faster than C3DD64 with a ratio of $0,14:1$, which means approximately $7$ times faster, for the SPEC95 convex hull sampled database.
The histogram in 6_fig:PerfectClub_dual_conversion_dimension_C3DD64_CDD64_100, shows green zones indicating the cases where CDD64 is faster than C3DD64 and red zones corresponding to the opposite cases. They are well separated by the dimension $80$, from which a time-run-based heuristic can be constructed as follows: We use CDD64 for constraint systems with dimensions lower than $80$ and C3DD64 for those with higher dimensions. We however notice that CDD64 is faster in $98$ percent of all tests, thus this heuristic does not seem to be necessary according to the total run times accumulated. We have CDD64 is faster than C3DD64 with a ratio of $0,30:1$, which means approximately $3$ times faster, for the PerfectClub convex hull sampled database.
Figure 31: PerfectClub: Dimension C3DD64 vs CDD64 in sampled database
\begin{figure}
\centering\epsfig {file=POLYBENCH_evaluations/PerfectClub_C3DD64_...
...TABASE_100/dimension_C3DD64_CDD64_crite.eps,height=5.9cm,width=14cm}\end{figure}
Figure 32: SPEC95: Dimension C3DD64 vs CDD64 in sampled database
\begin{figure}
\centering\epsfig {file=POLYBENCH_evaluations/PerfectClub_C3DD64_...
...TABASE_100/dimension_C3DD64_CDD64_crite.eps,height=5.9cm,width=14cm}\end{figure}
The conclusion for run times of these two algorithms is that CDD64 is faster than C3DD64, and we have a good example of a heuristics which can be based on the experimental results. If we do not consider the exception problem, we can obtain the parallel algorithm's performance with this heuristics that is much easier to implement.
previous_group previous up next next_group
Previous: 6. Results for Dual Up: 6. Results for Dual Next: 2. Overflow and Timeout
Nguyen Que Duong
2006-09-16


Sisters improve chances of reproduction in Asian elephants
July 24, 2019
Researchers at the University of Turku found that the presence of a maternal sister was positively and significantly associated with annual female reproduction in a population of working elephants in Myanmar. In addition, an age-specific effect was found: young females were more sensitive to the presence of sisters and even more likely to reproduce when living near a sister.
- We studied Asian elephants working in the teak industry in Myanmar. The elephants are released to the forest for the evenings and nights and other holiday periods, when they can move around freely, eat and meet other elephants. Our study compared the annual reproductive rate of females living with and without maternal sisters. We found that young females, in particular, are more likely to reproduce in a given year when living near a maternal sister, and this effect was strongest when the sister was 0-5 years younger, says Emily Lynch, lead author of the study.
The authors claim that while the proximate mechanism driving enhanced reproduction may be related to improved health generated by sociality, such age-related benefits suggest other factors may be at play.
- Especially because the parenting experience may be crucial for successfully rearing offspring, young, inexperienced females are at a disadvantage and assistance from relatives may therefore be particularly valuable to young females.
Relationships among females have an important evolutionary basis
- Although there is widespread evidence that individuals prefer relatives over non-relatives as social partners, little is known about the potential benefits associated with living with kin in long-lived, social mammals, Lynch says.
Because elephants are highly social and matrilocal animals, meaning that females remain in their natal group with female relatives throughout their lifetime, it is likely that social relationships provide varying benefits across a female's lifetime.
- Sociality is known to improve both physical and mental health in humans, for example. This study shows that in elephants socialising with female relatives improves the changes of female reproduction. However, the motivation to nurture relationships with female relatives is age-dependent, which, in turn, results in a variety of fitness benefits. Overall, the study suggests that relationships among female kin are of evolutionary importance in long-lived social mammals, Lynch says.
These results build on previous work on this population, in which it was discovered that the presence of a maternal grandmother is associated with improved grand calf survival and increased reproductive output of the daughter, and this effect was particularly strong among young daughters.
- This study is particularly exciting because we were able to access information on elephant reproduction across several generations to effectively examine the evolutionary consequences of female social relationships with kin. Access to such longitudinal data on a long-lived, social mammal is rare and we are now able to have a better grasp of the importance of living with relatives in elephants, Lynch says.
Emily C. Lynch, Virpi Lummaa, Win Htut and Mirkka Lahdenperä: Evolutionary significance of maternal kinship in a long-lived mammal on the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences: The evolution of female-biased kinship in humans and other mammals.
More information: visiting researcher Emily Lynch (, University of Turku
University of Turku
Related Relationships Articles from Brightsurf:
Gorilla relationships limited in large groups
Electronic surveillance in couple relationships
'Feeling obligated' can impact relationships during social distancing
We can make predictions about relationships - but is this necessary?
Disruptions of salesperson-customer relationships. Is that always bad?
Implications from sales relationship disruptions are intricate and can be revitalizing.
Do open relationships really work?
The 7 types of sugar daddy relationships
Positive relationships boost self-esteem, and vice versa
Strong family relationships may help with asthma outcomes for children
In romantic relationships, people do indeed have a 'type'


The MirageOS Blogon building functional operating systems
Mar
6
2017
14
0
Easy distributed analytics with Irmin 1.0
By Thomas Gazagnaire
I am really happy to announce the release of Irmin 1.0, which fully supports MirageOS 3.0 and which brings a simpler and yet more expressive API. Irmin is a library for designing Git-like distributed databases, with built-in branching, snapshoting, reverting and auditing capabilities. With Irmin, applications can create tailored mergeable datastructures to scale seamlessly. Applications built on top of Irmin include Tezos, a distributed ledger, Datakit, a distributed and reactive key-value store, and cuekeeper, a web-based GTD system. Read "Introducing Irmin: Git-like distributed, branchable storage" for a description of the concepts and high-level architecture of the system.
To install Irmin 1.0:
opam install irmin
The running example in this post will be an imaginary model for collecting distributed metrics (for instance to count network packets). In this model, every node has a unique ID, and uses Irmin to store metrics names and counters. Every node is also a distributed collector and can sync with the metrics of other nodes at various points in time. Users of the application can read metrics for the network from any node. We want the metrics to be eventually consistent.
This post will describe:
 - how to define the metrics as a mergeable data-structures;
 - how to create a new Irmin store with the metrics, the basic operations that are available and how to define atomic operations; and
 - how to create and merge branches.
Mergeable Contents
Irmin now exposes Irmin.Type to create new mergeable contents more easily. For instance, the following type defines the property of simple metrics, where name is a human-readable name and gauge is a metric counting the number of occurences for some kind of event:
type metric = {
 name : string;
 gauge: int;
}
First of all, we need to reflect the structure of the type, to automatically derive serialization (to and from JSON, binary encoding, etc) functions:
let metric_t =
 let open Irmin.Type in
 record "metric" (fun name gauge -> { name; gauge })
 |+ field "name" string (fun t -> t.name)
 |+ field "gauge" int (fun t -> t.gauge)
 |> sealr
record is used to describe a new (empty) record with a name and a constructor; field describes record fields with a name a type and an accessor function while |+ is used to stack fields into the record. Finally |> sealr seals the record, e.g. once applied no more fields can be added to it.
All of the types in Irmin have such a description, so they can be easily and efficiently serialized (to disk and/or over the network). For instance, to print a value of type metric as a JSON object, one can do:
let print m = Fmt.pr "%a\n%!" (Irmin.Type.pp_json metric_t) m
Once this is defined, we now need to write the merge function. The consistency model that we want to define is the following:
 - name : can change if there is no conflicts between branches.
 - gauge: the number of events seen on a branch. Can be updated either by incrementing the number (because events occured) or by syncing with other nodes partial knowledge. This is very similar to conflict-free replicated datatypes and related vector-clock based algorithms. However, in Irmin we keep the actual state as simple as possible: for counters, it is a single integer -- but the user needs to provide an external 3-way merge function to be used during merges.
Similarly to the type definitions, the 3-way merge functions can defined using "merge" combinators. Merge combinators for records are not yet available (but they are planned on the roadmap), so we need to use Irmin.Merge.like to map the record definition to a pair:
let merge =
 let open Irmin.Merge in
 like metric_t (pair string counter)
 (fun x -> x.name, x.gauge)
 (fun (name, gauge) -> {name; gauge })
 |> option
The final step to define a mergeable data-structure is to wrap everything into a module satisfying the Irmin.Contents.S signature:
module Metric: Irmin.Contents.S with type t = metric = struct
 type t = metric
 let t = metric_t
 let merge = merge
 let pp = Irmin.Type.pp_json metric_t
 let of_string s =
 Irmin.Type.decode_json metric_t (Jsonm.decoder ('String s))
end
Creating an Irmin Store
To create a key/value store to store metrics, using the on-disk Git format:
module Store = Irmin_unix.Git.FS.KV(Metric)
let config = Irmin_git.config "/tmp/irmin"
let info fmt = Irmin_unix.info ~author:"Thomas" fmt
Store exposes various functions to create and manipulate Irmin stores. config is used to configure Irmin repositories based on Store. In that example we decided to keep the store state in "/tmp/irmin" (which can be inspected using the usual Git tools). info is the function used to create new commit information: Irmin_unix.info use the usual POSIX clock for timestamps, and can also be tweaked to specify the author name.
The most common functions to create an Irmin store are Store.Repo.create to create an Irmin repository and Store.master to get a handler on the master branch in that repository. For instance, using the OCaml toplevel:
# open Lwt.Infix
# let repo = Store.Repo.v config;;
val repo : Store.Repo.t Lwt.t = <abstr>
# let master = repo >>= fun repo -> Store.master repo;;
val master : Store.t Lwt.t = <abstr>
Store also exposes the usual key/value base operations using find and set. All the operations are reflected as Git state.
 Lwt_main.run begin
 master >>= fun master ->
 Store.set master
 ~info:(info "Creating a new metric")
 ["vm"; "writes"] { name = "write Kb/s"; gauge = 0 }
 >>= fun () ->
 Store.get master ["vm"; "writes"] >|= fun m ->
 assert (m.gauge = 0);
 end
Note that Store.set is atomic: the implementation ensures that no data is ever lost, and if someone else is writing on the same path at the same, the operation is retried until it succeeds (see optimistic transaction control). More complex atomic operations are also possible: the API also exposes function to read and write subtrees (simply called trees) instead of single values. Trees are very efficient: they are immutable so all the reads are cached in memory and done only when really needed; and write on disk are only done the final transaction is commited. Trees are also stored very efficiently in memory and on-disk as they are deduplicated. For users of previous releases of Irmin: trees replaces the concept of views, but have a very implementation and usage.
An example of a tree transaction is a custom-defined move function:
let move t src dst =
 Store.with_tree t
 ~info:(info "Moving %a to %a" Store.Key.pp src Store.Key.pp dst)
 [] (fun tree ->
 Store.Tree.find_tree tree src >>= fun v ->
 Store.Tree.remove tree src >>= fun tree ->
 Store.Tree.add_tree tree dst v
 )
Creating and Merging Branches
They are two kinds of stores in Irmin: permanent and temporary ones. In Git-speak, these are "branches" and "detached heads". Permanent stores are created from branch names using Store.of_branch (Store.master being an alias to Store.of_branch Store.Branch.master) while temporary stores are created from commit using Store.of_commit.
The following example show how to clone the master branch, how to make concurrent update to both branches, and how to merge them back.
First, let's define an helper function to increment the /vm/writes gauge in a store t, using a transaction:
let incr t =
 let path = ["vm"; "writes"] in
 Store.with_tree ~info:(info "New write event") t path (fun tree ->
 (Store.Tree.find tree [] >|= function
 | None -> { name = "writes in kb/s"; gauge = 0 }
 | Some x -> { x with gauge = x.gauge + 1 })
 >>= fun m ->
 Store.Tree.add tree [] m
 )
Then, the


text:
process of collecting students Aadhaar number has already begun. It will be then uploaded in a single system to make the identification process easier. As of now, the last date for the submission of Aadhaar card in school is 31 December 2017. There are anticipations that the number of students enrolled under mid-day meal will reduce once the entire process will complete.
30th October 2017
Aadhaar Card is now mandatory for students of Haryana board exams
For the board exams in 2017, the possession of Aadhaar card for students has been made compulsory by the Haryana Board of School Education (HBSE). Earlier this year, Gujarat Secondary and Higher Secondary Education Board (GSHSEB) made Aadhaar card number mandatory for students of 10th and 12th classes. Also, Aadhar is compulsory for the candidates who are appearing for the Joint Entrance Exam (JEE).
In an attempt to prevent the forgery of education certificates, HBSE announced that the provision of the card was already present but it was not made mandatory. Keeping the usefulness of Aadhaar details, the board has now made it mandatory to produce Aadhar card. Considering the fact that Aadhaar details are now important in order to enroll for the board exams, the HBSE has extended the registration date for Class 12 examinations. Earlier, Aadhaar card was used for board exam's enrollment process but it was not mandatory. After Gujarat and Maharashtra, Haryana has now become the third board to add Aadhaar card in the enrollment checklist.
The HBSE will validate the details provided by students against the UIDAI's data to make sure that there is no duplication of the records. It will also help the board in maintaining and improving the overall transparency of the examination process.
If you are going to appear for the 2017 board exams, you should verify your Aadhaar card details for accuracy. If the details are not accurate, you should get it corrected as soon as possible
27th December 2016


text:
Vehicular ad hoc networks are the key to provisioning safety-critical and commercial services on the road. Multiple channels are assigned in the 5 GHz spectrum to support these services. In this article an overview of the multichannel architecture proposed by standardization bodies in the United States and Europe is presented. The main contribution is the identification of the open challenges for multichannel coordination, synchronization, and access. Discussions on related countermeasures, fully explored in neither the standards nor the scientific literature, aim to serve as guidelines for designers of future protocols and applications in vehicular environments.
File in questo prodotto:
Non ci sono file associati a questo prodotto.