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Improving Optimization Performance Using Parallel Computing
This example shows how to improve optimization performance using the Parallel Computing Toolbox™. The example discusses the speedup seen when using parallel computing to optimize a complex Simulink® model. The example also shows the effect of the number of parameters and the model simulation time when using parallel computing.
Requires Parallel Computing Toolbox™
- An Example Illustrating Optimization Speedup
- When Will an Optimization Benefit from Parallel Computing?
- Number of Parameters and Their Effect on Parallel Computing
- Gradient Descent Method and Parallel Computing
- Pattern Search Method and Parallel Computing
- Overhead of Distributing an Optimization
- Uncertain Parameters and Their Effect on Parallel Optimization
An Example Illustrating Optimization Speedup
The main computational load when using Simulink Design Optimization is the simulation of a model. The optimization methods typically require numerous simulations per optimization iteration. As many of the simulations are independent, it is beneficial to use parallel computing to distribute these independent simulations across different processors.
Consider the Simulink model of a HL20 aircraft, which ships with the Aerospace Blockset™. The HL20 model is a complex model and includes mechanical, electrical, avionics, and environmental components. A typical simulation of the HL20 model takes around 60 seconds.
During landing, the aircraft is subjected to two wind gusts from different directions which cause the aircraft to deviate from the nominal trajectory on the runway. Simulink Design Optimization is used to tune the 3 parameters of the controller so that the lateral deviation of the aircraft from a nominal trajectory in the presence of wind gusts is kept within five meters.
The optimization is performed both with and without using parallel computing on dual-core 64bit AMD®, 2.4GHz, 3.4GB Linux® and quad-core 64bit AMD, 2.5GHz, 7.4GB Linux machines. The speed up observed for this problem is shown below.
The HL20 example illustrates the potential speedup when using parallel computing. The next sections discuss the speedup expected for other optimization problems.
When Will an Optimization Benefit from Parallel Computing?
The previous section shows that distributing the simulations during an optimization can reduce the total optimization time. This section quantifies the expected speedup.
In general, the following factors could indicate that parallel computing would result in faster optimization:
- There are a large number of parameters being optimized
- A pattern search method is being used
- A complex Simulink model that takes a long time to simulate
- There are a number of uncertain parameters in the model
Each of these is examined in the following sections.
Number of Parameters and Their Effect on Parallel Computing
The number of simulations performed by an optimization method is closely coupled with the number of parameters.
Gradient Descent Method and Parallel Computing
Consider the simulations required by a gradient-based optimization method at each iteration:
- A simulation for the current solution point
- Simulations to compute the gradient of the objective with respect to the optimized parameters
- Once a gradient is computed, simulations to evaluate the objective along the direction of the gradient (the so called line search evaluations)
Of these simulations, the simulations required to compute gradients are independent and are distributed. Let us look at this more closely:
Np = 1:16; %Number of parameters (16 = 4 filtered PID controllers) Nls = 1; %Number of line search simulations, assume 1 for now Nss = 1; %Total number of serial simulations, start with nominal only
The gradients are computed using central differences. There are 2 simulations per parameter, and include the line search simulations to give the total number of simulations per iteration:
Nss = 1+Np*2+Nls;
As mentioned above the computation of gradients with respect to each parameter can be distributed or run in parallel. This reduces the total number of simulations that run in series when using parallel computing as follows:
Nw = 4; %Number of parallel processors Nps = 1 + ceil(Np/Nw)*2+Nls;
The ratio Nss/Nps gives us the speedup which we plot below
Nls = 0:5; %Vary the number of line search simulations figure; hAx = gca; xlim([min(Np) max(Np)]); for ct = 1:numel(Nls) Rf = (1+Nls(ct)+Np*2)./(1+Nls(ct)+ceil(Np/Nw)*2); hLine = line('parent',hAx,'xdata',Np,'ydata',Rf); if ct == 1 hLine.LineStyle = '-'; hLine.Color = [0 0 1]; hLine.LineWidth = 1; else hLine.LineStyle = '-.'; hLine.Color = [0.6 0.6 1]; hLine.LineWidth = 1; end end grid on title('Gradient descent based relative speedup') xlabel('Number of parameters') ylabel('Serial time/parallel time') annotation('arrow',[0.55.55],[5/6 2/6]) text(8.5,1.75,'Increasing number of line searches')
The plot shows that the relative speedup gets better as more parameters are added. The upper solid line is the best possible speedup with no line search simulations while the lighter dotted curves increase the number of line search simulations.
The plot also shows local maxima at 4,8,12,16 parameters which corresponds to cases where the parameter gradient calculations can be distributed evenly between the parallel processors. Recall that for the HL20 aircraft problem, which has 3 parameters, the quad core processor speedup observed was 2.14 which matches well with this plot.
Pattern Search Method and Parallel Computing
Pattern search optimization method is inherently suited to a parallel implementation. This is because at each iteration one or two sets of candidate solutions are available. The algorithm evaluates all these candidate solutions and then generates a new candidate solution for the next iteration. Evaluating the candidate solutions can be done in parallel as they are independent. Let us look at this more closely:
Pattern search uses two candidate solution sets, the search set and the poll set. The number of elements in these sets is proportional to the number of optimized parameters
Nsearch = 15*Np; %Default number of elements in the solution set Npoll = 2*Np; %Number of elements in the poll set with a 2N poll method
The total number of simulations per iteration is the sum of the number of candidate solutions in the search and poll sets. When distributing the candidate solution sets the simulations are distributed evenly between the parallel processors. The number of simulations that run in series after distribution thus reduces to:
Nps = ceil(Nsearch/Nw)+ceil(Npoll/Nw);
When evaluating the candidate solutions without using parallel computing, the iteration is terminated as soon as a candidate solution that is better than the current solution is found. Without additional information, the best bet is that about half the candidate solutions will be evaluated. The number of serial simulations is thus:
Nss = 0.5*(Nsearch+Npoll);
Also note that the search set is only used in the first couple of optimization iterations, after which only the poll set is used. In both cases the ratio Nss/Nps gives us the speedup which we plot below.
figure; hAx = gca; xlim([min(Np) max(Np)]); Rp1 = (Nss)./( Nps ); Rp2 = (Npoll)./( ceil(Npoll/Nw) ); line('parent',hAx,'xdata',Np,'ydata',Rp1,'color',[0 0 1]); line('parent',hAx,'xdata',Np,'ydata',Rp2,'color',[0.6 0.6 1]); grid on title('Pattern search based relative speedup') xlabel('Number of parameters') ylabel('Serial time/ parallel time') legend('Search and poll sets','Poll set only')
The dark curve is the speedup when the solution and poll sets are evaluated and the lighter lower curve the speedup when only the poll set is evaluated. The expected speedup over an optimization should lie between the two curves. Notice that even with only one parameter, a pattern search method benefits from distribution. Also recall that for the HL20 aircraft problem, which has 3 parameters, the quad core speedup observed was 2.81 which matches well with this plot.
Overhead of Distributing an Optimization
In the previous sections, the overhead associated with performing the optimization in parallel was ignored. Including this overhead gives an indication of the complexity of a simulation that will benefit from distributed optimization.
The overhead associated with running an optimization in parallel primarily results from two sources:
- opening the parallel pool
- loading the Simulink model and performing an update diagram on the model
There is also some overhead associated with transferring data to and from the remote processors. Simulink Design Optimization relies on shared paths to provide remote processors access to models and the returned data is limited to objective and constraint violation values. Therefore, this overhead is typically much smaller than opening the MATLAB® pool and loading the model. This was true for the HL20 aircraft optimization but may not be true in all cases. However, the analysis shown below can be extended to cover additional overhead.
findOverhead = false; % Set true to compute overhead for your system. if findOverhead % Compute overhead. wState = warning('off','MATLAB:dispatcher:pathWarning'); t0 = clock; parpool %Open the parallel pool load_system('airframe_demo') %Open a model set_param('airframe_demo','SimulationCommand','update') %Run an update diagram for the model Toverhead = etime(clock


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The Technical Details: Determining Delta Values
When we talk about the isotopic ratio in a sample, we talk about the delta value. Let's look at how a delta value is actually calculated:
- The first step in figuring out the δ13C for a sample is to find the ratio of 13C to 12C within the sample.
Next compare (by dividing) this ratio to the ratio of 13C to 12C in a standard.
- There is a specific standard, with a known, unchanging ratio of 13C to 12C that all laboratories use in their comparison. For the stable carbon isotopes, this standard is a limestone (called Pee Dee Belemnite—or PDB) from South Carolina. Although PDB is no longer run as the standard, other carbonates (with a known, unchanging 13C to 12C ratio) are used and compared on the PDB scale. The carbonate standard is reacted with an acid to create gaseous CO2, so that the sample and standard are both in the same phase.
- Often the sample and standard may have very similar ratios of the two stable isotopes, which will give you a value very close to (but not exactly) 1.
Two sample bellows are used so that the sample is compared to a standard
Many samples that actually have different ratios of 13C to 12C will give what seems like similar values (say, for example, 0.99 and 0.98). These samples do have different isotopic ratios, but this is hard to see when they only differ after the decimal point. To make this difference easier to see, 1 is subtracted from this value, and then this new calculation is multiplied by 1,000 to give the actual δ13C of the sample.
- This makes it much easier to see the difference between two samples. For the ratios of 0.99 and 0.98, the delta values are -10‰ and -20‰ respectively.
The equation for this is:
Making the Values More "Friendly"
Even when comparing samples with ratios of 13C to 12C of 0.99 and 0.98, the delta notation is much easier. Well, when we look at ratios that atmospheric scientists actually study, it becomes infinitely easier to compare using delta notation–in fact it would be too difficult without!
|Carbon Pool||13C||Actual ratio of 13C to 12C|
|Ocean & Atmosphere||-8‰||0.011142|
Why Go Through This Much Work?
This seems like an awful lot of calculations when you can just look at differences among samples in their 13C to 12C ratios and ignore all of the calculation steps. The reason that it is conventional to compare to a standard (and then continue on to the next steps in order to get a more 'friendly' value) is so that it is easier to compare results both among isotope laboratories and within a single laboratory over a long time period. It is impossible to have an isotope ratio mass spectrometer that perfectly finds the ratio of 13C to 12C in a sample.
Isotope ratio mass spectrometers measure relative isotopic ratios much better than actual ratios. By comparing to a standard, the precision of the data values are much, much better since all values are relative to a given standard. For example, if the ratio for both the sample and standard are overestimated (or underestimated) by the same relative amount, then dividing the two values will account for this, making it possible to compare δ13C among laboratories all across the world.
The formula for determining the Δ14C of a sample is similar to δ13C:
The difference is in the term FN[x], which is still a comparison of the sample to a standard. However, after this comparison, several other calculations occur to find FN[x].
- The ratio is corrected for "background" 14C counts, where atoms or molecules that were accidentally and incorrectly identified as 14C are no longer included.
- The ratio is additionally corrected for the small amount of radioactive decay between the time the sample was collected and the time it was measured, so that the Δ14C at the time of collection rather than the time of analysis is reported.
- The final difference is that Δ14C is normalized, where the effect of fractionation is removed. That is, we know from the 13C measurements that, for example, when carbon dioxide is photosynthesized by plants, it fractionates, resulting in proportionately less 13C in the plant. The same thing happens to 14C, so plants have proportionately less 14C than the atmosphere does. If we know how much 13C fractionation occurs, we can calculate precisely how much 14C fractionation there is. We then calculate how much 14C would have been in the sample if it had not fractionated. This is the Δ14C. Why go to all this trouble? The main reason is that for radiocarbon dating, scientists want to study how much 14C has decayed, not how much has fractionated, and this normalization allows them to do just that. The second reason is that it makes it easier to understand the 14C in the atmosphere – now when plants photosynthesize CO2, the Δ14C value in the atmosphere does not change. Of course, we can always reverse the calculations to discover the amount of 14C without applying this normalization, and this is written as δ14C.
For even more gory details, see: _URL_

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Is emulation legal?
It's generally only a matter of time before someone discovers emulation, the ability to run old software on new systems. And since people can do it without necessarily paying for the software they run, someone may wonder, is emulation legal?
Emulation certainly tends to be a gray area. You can do it legally, but not everyone does. And there are a good number of misconceptions about what you are and aren't allowed to do. But plenty of emulation happens all the time, without breaking the law at all.
What emulation is
is emulation legal?
The Coleco Vision had an expansion module that emulated an Atari 2600. Today of course you can emulate both systems, and more, on modern machines.
Emulation isn't a new practice at all. It existed in the 1980s, and people asked about it all the time. A 1980s article I read about emulation said any computer can emulate any other computer, as long as speed isn't a consideration. That truism holds today, but speed isn't as much of a consideration as it was 30 years ago.
The most successful emulators in the 1980s required some hardware to make it work. The compatibility modules that made Coleco and Mattel game consoles compatible with the Atari 2600, or the Commodore 64 compatible with the Apple II+, all included hardware to make the emulation fast enough. It wasn't until the Amiga started getting Mac emulators in the late 1980s that software-only emulation became practical. Legally, it was often problematic. Atari sued Coleco for creating its Atari 2600 compatibility module. Apple couldn't keep people from running Mac software on their Amigas, but they made it really difficult to get their hands on the necessary ROMs to make it work.
Over time, emulation became more common. By the early 1990s, systems were fast enough that emulation purely through software became practical. I ran Atari 2600 and Commodore 64 software on my 486 in college quite a bit.
Modern emulation is just translation. It's a layer of software that sits in between your new computer and your old software and translates the instructions the old computer understood into new instructions the new computer understands. But it still sometimes remained controversial.
The Connectix controversy
In 1999, Connectix saw an opportunity. Apple's Mac computers were starting to see a resurgence, but there was a dearth of games for them. Connectix created a product called Virtual Game Station that allowed Sony Playstation titles to work in a Mac. Sony sued and received an injunction, but eventually lost. So Sony killed the product by buying it outright and taking it off the market.
For whatever reason, Sony saw the emulator as a threat to its Playstation console. And while it may have cut into Playstation sales, Sony sold the consoles themselves at break-even or even a loss. The money came from royalties on the software titles sold. Many people argued at the time that Sony would have been better off just letting people emulate the Playstation and collecting the royalties.
But Sony did its thing, so Connectix put its experience to work emulating other computer systems rather than game consoles, and high-profile emulation in commercial products fell by the wayside.
Emulating past products ended up being far safer. You name a system, you can probably find something that emulates it. Even the Playstation, at this point.
Patents, copyrights, DRM, and Fair Use
There are several potential legal pitfalls with emulation, and not just copyright. In some cases, re-implementing a system in software could violate its patents. This isn't a problem on systems that are 17 years old or older.
The bigger issue, though, is copyright. Most people know that copying something without paying for it is usually illegal. Even if the software is no longer commercially available for purchase, copyright laws as they exist today don't have a provision for them to go into the public domain until 95 years after their release. "Abandonware" isn't a legal concept. Emulation isn't illegal, but piracy is.
That said, once you've paid for software, you have the right to use it. And the software publisher, the company who made the computer or console it originally ran on, or anyone else has little say in that matter. As long as you retain the original copy of the software, nobody can say you pirated it. Ideally, you would transfer the software to the new system, but I know you won't do that. Technically, downloading software you own physical copies of isn't legal. From an ethical standpoint, you're OK, given that the original author and publisher got paid when you made the purchase.
You can look at emulation like ripping audio CDs to MP3s to listen to them. You're changing the format. Retain the CDs and you're legal. Sell the CDs and keep the copies, and then you aren't. Selling the existing copy while retaining a digital copy is piracy.
The problem with old copyrights
The problem with copyrights that may be three or four decades old is tracking down ownership. In many cases, the company who published them went out of business, or has been acquired several times, and it's not clear who owns what anymore. Sometimes the author knows, but frequently not. And while some authors enjoy going to conventions and other retro-themed events, some of them faded into obscurity. Larry Miller, author of Activision's Enduro for the Atari 2600, is one example.
In some cases it's clear who owns the copyrights, but the publisher just isn't interested. The Super Famicom game Fighting Baseball has a cult following thanks to its tortured names, but is owned by EA, who doesn't want to bother with it. As far as they're concerned, it's not commercially viable, so it languishes in obscurity.
There was a time when old abandoned copyrights fell into the public domain, but that started changing in the 1970s. Computer software that is no longer commercially viable is a significant gap in copyright law and has been for some time, but without a Fortune 10 company pushing for change, a gap in the law that only affects a few thousand people isn't likely to get addressed.
Of course, if you own a physical copy of the title, the point is moot. Everyone got paid and nobody gets hurt. Transferring the code to a new system so you can continue to run it falls into the legal concept of Fair Use.
Getting your old software onto your new computer for emulation
Reading old cartridges and computer media can be difficult. The formats usually aren't compatible, and you need specialized equipment to read them. And there might be some DRM going on to make it more difficult to copy the media. I don't know anyone who's ever read their Atari cartridges into their PC. They downloaded them from a sketchy web site. The same goes for every other platform of old.
In some cases, a publisher will license the rights to a bunch of vintage software and sell you a bundle that includes everything you need. Cloanto's Amiga Forever package is one example. This type of emulation is perfectly legal.
Another case of legal emulation is the Nintendo Virtual Console, which it shipped with the Wii. For a small fee, you could download vintage games and play them. This, of course, was sanctioned by the publisher and therefore legal.
If you want to be really safe, read images yourself of cartridges you actually own using a contraption you build with an Arduino. Here's one such example.
Where to find emulators
is emulation legal?
Emulators are usually written by volunteers interested in preserving the old hardware and software of the past. Generally they run on all major operating systems, including Windows, Mac OS, and even Linux. Generally the way to find them is to just search for them.
Ideally, download the emulator from your operating system's official app store or from the developer themselves, not from a file hosting clearinghouse that may inject other badware into it.
You can build a rather nice emulator out of a Raspberry Pi. A Raspberry Pi can struggle to emulate the N64 generation and newer game systems at high speed, but it does a very nice job of emulating game systems that predated the mid-1990s. For best results, get the newest and fastest model Raspberry Pi, currently a Raspberry Pi Model 3 B+.
Older systems run fine even on the original Raspberry Pi model. I've emulated 8-bit systems, such as the Atari 2600 and Nintendo NES, on the original Raspberry Pi with outstanding results.
What about selling emulators?
Selling emulators can become problematic. It's not at all uncommon for people to offer MAME cabinets, modded consoles, or other premade emulators for sale via Craigslist or other means. There is no problem with selling your workmanship. The problem becomes when you bundle the old software itself. That's a copyright violation, and you run the chance of getting prosecuted if you do it. While I haven't heard of cases of people being prosecuted for downloading old software for their personal use, I have heard of people being prosecuted for reselling preloaded emulators.
If you are going to sell an emulator, be sure to only load images that you know for certain were released into the public domain on it. What the purchaser does with the device after taking possession is their affair, not yours.
One thought on "Is emulation legal?
 - April 2, 2018 at 9:21 am
 Reading an Atari 800 cartridge into a PC would require duplication of a lot of hardware. But reading it into an Atari computer is easy; there is no DRM in the way, though you may need to know the details of bank


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Fruit Flies Medicate Offspring with Alcohol
Female parasitic wasps have successfully infected fruit fly larvae, shown here; the wasps lay their eggs inside of the larvae, which then hatch and eat the maggots from the inside out.
CREDIT: Photo courtesy of Todd Schlenke
It's not likely anyone would nominate a fruit fly for a "Best Mother of the Year" award — after laying her eggs, the insect hits the road, never to be heard from again. But it now turns out that fruit fly mothers aren't completely uncaring and actually try to give their offspring a fighting chance at life.
If she spots a deadly parasitic wasp around, the female fruit fly will "medicate" her offspring by laying her eggs in an environment with high levels of alcohol, which is very toxic to the wasps but not to the flies, new research shows.
Throughout the world, parasitic wasps are a bane to fruit flies. Female wasps lay their eggs inside fly larvae, which then hatch and eat the maggots from the inside out. Fly larvae have a natural immune response to try to kill the wasp, but the venom the wasp injects along with her egg sometimes counters this defense.
"Who survives is totally dependent on the fly strain and the wasp strain," said lead researcher Todd Schlenke, a biologist at Emory University in Georgia. "You never really know who's going to win."
Last year, Schlenke and his team discovered that infected fly larvae have another trick up their sleeves to defeat their enemies: alcohol. Unlike wasp parasites, fruit flies have a high tolerance for alcohol, likely because the fly larvae live in rotting fruit, where a lot of fermentation is taking place. So if a maggot has a wasp growing inside of it, it will seek out and consume food with high levels of alcohol to kill the parasite. [The 10 Most Diabolical and Disgusting Parasites]
This finding led the researchers to wonder if adult fruit flies, which don't get infected by the wasps, know to use the chemical weapon against the parasites. "Would the flies change where they lay their eggs if a wasp is around?" Schlenke said.
Battling with alcohol
In the new study, Schlenke and his team stuck adult female fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster) into a cage with two food dishes, one alcohol-free and the other with 6-percent alcohol. If no wasps were present, only around 40 percent of the flies laid their eggs in the alcoholic food. But if the researchers put female wasp parasites (Leptopilina heterotoma) into the cage, about 90 percent of the flies laid their eggs in the alcohol-laden dishes.
This behavior, the researchers found, lasts for several days. When the fruit flies were "pre-exposed" to the wasps, they remembered the danger and continued to prefer laying eggs in the alcoholic environment for up to four days after the wasps left the cage.
The researchers then wondered how, exactly, the fruit flies sense the presence of the wasps. By using mutant flies that either couldn't see or smell, they discovered the flies recognize the wasps based on sight — an interesting ability considering that the flies had been reared in a wasp-free lab for generations.
"The flies have never seen wasps in their lives, neither have their parents or their grandparents," Schlenke explained, adding that the flies must have "innate search images for wasps."
Interestingly, these search images are sex-specific; the fruit flies don't seem to care if male wasps are around. Male parasitic wasps have noticeably longer antennae than female wasps, so the researchers tested if clipping the males' antennae would trick the flies. It didn't. The fruit flies somehow still knew the wasps were male and stuck to the alcohol-free dishes, suggesting they recognize the female wasps based on some other characteristic. [Googly Eyes: Photos of Striking Wasp Faces]
A widespread behavior?
Schlenke is curious to see how widespread this "behavioral immune response" is. In the current study, the team found that a host of other booze-tolerant flies also pre-emptively medicate their young with alcohol when they spot the wasps. But fly species that don't live in rotting fruit never choose the alcohol-laced food over the alcohol-free food, even if a wasp is in sight.
Do these flies, and maybe even other types of insects, have a different immune tactic to fight parasitic wasps?
For instance, some fly species live on mushrooms, which contain a variety of toxins, Schlenke said. "I wonder if mushroom flies are able to use the mushroom toxins to protect themselves against wasps," he said.
These behavioral examples would help show that the immune system is made up of more than just immune-activated cells, such as antibodies, Schlenke said. Specifically, immune behaviors, such as medicating oneself or another, are also part of an organism's immune system.
"We need to think of the immune system as a broader set of structures and processes that protect an organism from infection," Schlenke said.
The research is detailed in tomorrow's (Feb. 22) issue of the journal Science.
MORE FROM LiveScience.com


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A decades-old explosion at a former chemical plant in southern Milpitas has lingering effects on new housing and other developments being built above what has become a contaminated, underground site.
In a Dec.6 toxic sites update, staff members of the California Regional Water Quality Control Board San Francisco Bay Region stated they're overseeing two large residential redevelopments — not far from the future Milpitas Bay Area Rapid Transit Station — being constructed over groundwater plumes of toxic chlorinated solvents from offsite sources.
They are Milpitas Station, a residential project at Milpitas Boulevard near Montague Expressway, and SummerHill, a residential and mixed-commercial project slated for 1646 Centre Pointe Drive.
"The contaminant source properties, which are former industrial facilities, are called Jones Chemical and 450 Montague," the Dec. 6 report reads. "Due to the threat of chlorinated solvent vapor intrusion from the groundwater plumes, active vapor intrusion mitigation systems (VIMS) are needed to protect future residents as part of both redevelopments."
Jones Chemical formerly operated as a chemical packaging and distribution facility at its Milpitas location from the 1960s through 1999, according to the report.
"In 1982, an aboveground storage tank containing 4,000 gallons of chlorinated solvent (trichloroethene, also known as TCE) exploded, releasing its contents and contaminating the soil, soil gas, and groundwater of on- and offsite properties," the report reads. "Jones Chemical has completed extensive remediation, including soil excavation, groundwater extraction and remediation, and soil vapor extraction; however, the plume currently extends 1,800 feet to the west, beneath Milpitas Station and its sub-projects, which are in different stages of development."
When complete, Milpitas Station should include approximately 1,100 residences.
"The contaminant source at the former 450 Montague site occurred from a former chlorinated solvent vapor degreaser. The solvent plume currently extends 300 feet west beneath the planned SummerHill redevelopment, consisting of approximately 720 apartments," the Dec. 6 report states. "We have had fruitful discussions with the developers of Milpitas Station and SummerHill about the necessity of active VIMS to address vapor intrusion risks."
Water board staff stated the developers, while at first hesitant, agreed that installing vapor intrusion mitigation systems would provide better protection for residents without burdening them.
"Staff has also engaged the City of Milpitas Building Department to inform them of our requirements for active VIMS. The City of Milpitas Building Department approves and certifies the design of mitigation systems, and ultimately issues the Certificate of Occupancy," the report reads.
According to the state agency, an active VIMS relies on mechanical means — such as fans and blowers — to pull accumulated vapors from beneath a building foundation or slab before they can enter the building.
Conversely, passive systems, which are often the starting point for vapor intrusion mitigation discussions, do not use force, but instead rely on an open conduit to the outside air for sub-slab ventilation, the state report notes.
"In our experience, the performance of passive sub-slab mitigation systems installed to prevent vapor intrusion into overlying residences has a high degree of uncertainty," the report reads. "This is because some passive systems, consisting of vented gravel with a plastic vapor barrier beneath the foundation, are subject to puncturing and short-circuiting during installation or future home remodeling, potentially allowing vapors to intrude into the living space.
"As a result, passive systems require ongoing contaminant sampling and analysis to demonstrate protectiveness. Active VIMS reduce uncertainty and provide the greatest degree of protectiveness. Active VIMS may even be less expensive over the long term due to the need for ongoing analytical sampling and analysis with passive systems."
Moreover, water board staff indicate in the report that after preoccupancy indoor air testing is complete and residences are shown to be safe, continued monitoring is required, which consists of monitoring the pressure difference between the slab and the structure above.
"This can easily be accomplished by future homeowner associations or property management companies and does not require ongoing analytical sampling and analysis," the report reads. "Moving forward, we are coordinating with the dischargers responsible for cleanup at the source properties that have impacted the offsite developments. Our intent is to bring updated cleanup orders to the board to require Jones Chemical and 450 Montague to accelerate cleanup beneath the developments and conduct soil-gas monitoring to measure effectiveness."
After the report was issued, Keyvan Irannejad, the city's former chief building official, told this newspaper last month that much of this work and ongoing updates with this contamination cleanup is handled by the state, not the city.
"Property owners' consultant design a system and submit directly to the water board for review and acceptance," Irannejad said.
"Also, we require the developer to retain a third-party environmental inspection firm to inspect and approve the installed mitigation system prior to placement of concrete foundation," Irannejad said.
Meanwhile, he noted the contamination from this former chemical site has spread to other new residential and retail sites that are newly built or still under construction.
"They're building them now, the tenants will come later," Irannejad said, noting other residential developers like KB Home and Pulte Homes also have projects in this area. "So it's a mixture."
Irannejad said as far as he knows only one potential resident of a Pulte Homes project approached the city with his concerns about possible impacts of this contamination or harm to future residents.
"He worried about living in this unit. His question was why are they building residences over contaminated properties," Irannejad said, adding the concerned person had not yet moved into the residential project but did give a $5,000 deposit.
According to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, trichloroethene, or TCE, is a carcinogenic to humans by all routes of exposure. Highly acute concentrations of TCE vapors can irritate the respiratory system and skin and induce central nervous system effects such as light-headedness, drowsiness and headaches. Repeated (chronic) or prolonged exposure to TCE has been associated with effects in the liver, kidneys, immune system and central nervous system, and can impact fetuses as well, the EPA states.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
What's Blooming Now
Spatterdock-also known as cow lily-is a yellow-flowered water lily native to the backwaters, swamps and ponds of the Southeast. In Southwest Florida, it blooms throughout the year. The leaves, which can be up to 12 inches in diameter, vary greatly in shape, from rounded and heart-shaped to long and spear-shaped. Sometimes spatterdock float on the surface; other times they stand above it on slender stalks. Their flowers are easy to recognize-one-inch-diameter, rounded yellow buds that never open in the broad display of color we expect of other water lilies. A spatterdock flower in full bloom resembles a bud just beginning to open.
Spatterdock grows in shallow water and provides shelter for fishes and invertebrates. But when high levels of fertilizer from lawns and agricultural fields get into the water, they can become a nuisance, slowing flow in canals, increasing siltation, and sometimes growing in such dense aggregations that other plants are excluded. Spatterdock seeds were eaten by Native Americans; today their flat-topped seedheads are often used in dried flower arrangements.
-Jerome A. Jackson, Florida Gulf Coast University


text: Alzheimer disease (AD) research faces challenges to successful enrollment, especially to clinical trials and biomarker studies. Failure to recruit the planned number of participants in a timely manner threatens the internal validity and success of clinical research, raising concerns about external validity and generalizability of results, and possibly leading to disparities in disease treatment. Methods to improve recruitment exist, but require varying levels of staff effort and financial resources, and evidence of effectiveness is often lacking or inconsistent. In this review, we summarize some of the available methods to improve AD research recruitment, the available literature to support or refute these strategies, and some of the experiences at the authors' AD Research Centers. We discuss the use of community-based participatory research principles and participant registries as a means to enhance research enrollment and increase diversity of research samples.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Maximize the efficiency of your logistics and make it greener
OptiRoute can handle standard transport processes, operations optimization, and more. Our real-time, optimized, and flexible planning and scheduling system for logistics processes and routes creates an optimized schedule within minutes while eliminating spreadsheets and manual work. Sudden changes to production targets are processed within minutes when the new optimized schedule is recalculated with the Optimus 4.0 platform.
Logistics is an industry that requires speed, accuracy, and continuous improvement. Therefore, planning vehicles, routes, and loadings is not easy, as logistics operators often have to deal with abrupt changes.
Business needs addressable by OptiRoute:
- Optimization of delivery routes and inter-warehouse
Use optimal routes for vehicle loading and unloading, and efficient organization in the cargo space. OptiRoute also enables you to minimize the inter-warehouse transportation required to collect all ordered items of a particular order dispatch. Distribution algorithms suggest where to store shipments to decrease the future need for inter-warehouse transport. Therefore, OptiRoute significantly reduces CO2 emissions and makes your logistics more environmentally friendly.
- Easy rescheduling and logistics prediction
Addressable use cases:Change your cargo handling plans easily and at any time. OptiRoute can consider the load currently in the warehouse, the weekly load or dynamically reschedule everything. Based on historical data, we can adjust OptiRoute to predict what shipments or parcels will need to be sent and when.
- delivery routes and shipping
- inter-warehouse transportation
- container and truck loading
- logistics rescheduling and prediction of needs
- milk runs


text:
Klas Robert Elias Fries, 1914
Medium - Maximum
This member of the Passifloraceae
was given this name by Klas Robert Elias Fries in 1914. It is found in Zambia, growing in a well drained soil with
some water and some too lots of sun. The caudex can grow to twelve centimetres in diameter, the
to 60 centimetres in height.
The name Adenia
is derived from aden, meaning gland, and pertains to the glands
found on leaves of most of the species.
The species name means "bearing a


text:
Sentences using the word beauties. Journalists, spelling bee organizers, and people who just like words might especially enjoy this webpage. The lines of text below use beauties in a sentence, and provide visitors a sentence for beauties.
- A third looked a sturdy soldier, squareset and hard of feature, for whom beauties of scenery had few awakening charms. (10)
- As they passed into other rooms these objects were taking different positions; but from every window there were beauties to be seen. (4)
- Collins attending them to point out its beauties, and Lady Catherine kindly informing them that it was much better worth looking at in the summer. (4)
- His thoughts and beauties are so spread abroad that one touches them everywhere; one is intimate with him by instinct. (4)
- I am sure you neglect nothing that can add to the beauties of that noble place. (4)
- It shall be admitted that you create the very beauties for a chaste people. (10)
- Its natural beauties, I am sure, are great. (4)
- One of the Beauties of Riversley we lost! (10)
- Young Tom was respectfully studying the aspects of the radiant beauties of the polite work. (10)
- Your father will praise Gippsland whenever my Martin asks him to admire the beauties of our neighbourhood. (10)
Glad you visited this page with a sentence for beauties. Perhaps also see a sentence for betrothed and ways to use bell in a sentence. Now that you've seen how to use beauties in a sentence hope you might explore the rest of this educational reference site Sentencefor.com to see many other example sentences which provide word usage information.


How Long Do Mechanical Keyboards Last
The average lifespan for a mechanical keyboard is around 5 to 10 years. However, this number can vary depending on the brand, quality, and type of switches used. For example, keyboards with cheaper rubber dome switches may only last 2 to 3 years.
Meanwhile, those with more expensive mechanical switches can last up to 20 years or more. Ultimately, how long your mechanical keyboard lasts will come down to how well you take care of it and how often you use it.
How Long do Mechanical Keyboards Last & How to Make them Last Longer!
Mechanical keyboards are built to last. With proper care, a mechanical keyboard can last for years, even decades. The first mechanical keyboard was created in the early 1900s, and many of those original keyboards are still in use today.
While the lifespan of a mechanical keyboard depends on many factors, such as the quality of the components and how often it's used, we can expect a well-made mechanical keyboard to last for tens of millions of keystrokes. That's far longer than the average person will ever need. So, if you're looking for a keyboard that will last a lifetime, go with a mechanical model.
Just be sure to clean it regularly and don't spill anything on it!
How Long Do Computer Keyboards Last
It's estimated that the average person types around 3,000 keystrokes per day. So, if you do the math, a keyboard should last you quite a while – 10 years or more in fact. But of course, there are many factors that can affect how long your keyboard will last.
Here are a few things to keep in mind: 1. Quality matters. A higher-quality keyboard is likely to last longer than a cheap one.
If you're looking for a durable keyboard, look for one that's made with metal instead of plastic. 2. How often you use it matters. If you type all day long for work, your keyboard is going to wear out faster than someone who only uses their computer for an hour or two each day.
3. How well you take care of it matters. Just like any other piece of technology, if you take good care of your keyboard – cleaning it regularly and storing it properly – it will last longer than if you neglect it. So there you have it!
How Long Do Mechanical Keyboards Last Reddit
Mechanical keyboards are becoming increasingly popular, especially among gamers and computer enthusiasts. But how long do they last? This is a question that gets asked a lot on Reddit, and the answer seems to vary depending on who you ask.
Some users report that their mechanical keyboards have lasted for years, while others say they've had to replace their keyboard after just a few months. There doesn't seem to be any clear consensus, but it's safe to say that mechanical keyboards can last for quite a while if you take care of them. Here are a few tips to help you extend the life of your mechanical keyboard:
– Avoid eating or drinking near your keyboard. crumbs and liquids can damage the keys and cause them to stick. – Keep your keyboard clean by dusting it off regularly with a soft cloth or compressed air.
– If possible, avoid using your keyboard in dusty or humid environments. – Don't expose your keyboard to direct sunlight for extended periods of time. UV rays can damage the plastic keys and cause them to fade.
How Long Do Piano Keyboards Last
When it comes to pianos, one of the most important parts is the keyboard. The keyboard is what allows you to play the piano and create music. But how long do piano keyboards last?
Piano keyboards can last anywhere from 10 to 20 years depending on how often they are used and how well they are taken care of. If you use your piano regularly, you may need to replace the keyboard sooner than if you only use it occasionally. Additionally, if you take good care of your piano and keep it in tune, your keyboard will likely last longer.
If you start to notice that your piano keys are sticking or not working as well as they used to, it may be time for a new keyboard. You can also have a professional inspect your piano to see if the keyboard needs to be replaced. Replacing a piano keyboard is not a difficult task and can usually be done by a qualified technician in just a few hours.
Best Mechanical Keyboard
A mechanical keyboard is a keyboard that uses physical switches to register key presses. The most common type of switch is the Cherry MX switch, which was introduced in 1984 by Cherry Corporation. There are several benefits to using a mechanical keyboard over a traditional membrane keyboard.
Mechanical keyboards are more durable and provide a better typing experience. They also tend to be more expensive than membrane keyboards. If you're in the market for a new keyboard, here are some things to keep in mind when choosing a mechanical keyboard:
-Type of switch: There are three main types of Cherry MX switches–red, brown, and blue. Each switch has its own unique characteristics. For example, red switches are linear (meaning they don't have any tactile feedback) and require less force to press down.
Brown switches are tactile (meaning they have a bump when they're pressed down), while blue switches are clicky (meaning they make a clicking sound when pressed). Choose the switch type that best suits your needs. -Size: Mechanical keyboards come in different sizes.
The most common size is full-size (104 keys), but there are also tenkeyless (87 keys) and 60% (61 keys) options available. Choose the size that best fits your needs and space constraints. -Price: As mentioned earlier, mechanical keyboards tend to be more expensive than membrane keyboards.
However, there is a wide range of prices depending on the features and quality of the keyboard.
How Long Do Razer Keyboards Last
Razer keyboards are some of the most popular on the market, and for good reason. They're well-made, stylish, and offer a great gaming experience. But how long do they last?
Generally speaking, Razer keyboards can last for several years with proper care. However, there are a few factors that can affect their lifespan, such as how often you use them and what type of environment they're in. Here are a few tips to help prolong the life of your Razer keyboard:
– Avoid exposing it to excessive dust or liquids. – Don't leave it in direct sunlight. – Keep it away from extreme heat or cold.
– Be careful when cleaning it; use only mild soap and water on the surface. – If possible, store it in a cool, dry place when not in use. Following these simple tips should help your Razer keyboard last for many years to come!
How Long Do Mechanical Keyboards Last
Credit: keyboardkings.com
What is the Life of a Mechanical Keyboard?
A mechanical keyboard is a keyboard that uses physical switches to register keystrokes. These switches are typically located under each keycap, and they actuate when the user presses down on the key. Mechanical keyboards are prized by many users for their high-quality construction, durability, and superior typing feel.
The life of a mechanical keyboard can vary depending on the quality of the keyboard and how it is used. Generally speaking, a well-made mechanical keyboard can last for years with proper care. Some users report that their keyboards still feel like new even after several years of use.
To extend the life of your mechanical keyboard, it's important to clean it regularly and avoid exposing it to liquids or other substances that could damage the keys or switches. Additionally, you may want to invest in a dust cover or storage case to keep your keyboard clean and protected when not in use. With proper care, your mechanical keyboard will give you years of dependable service.
Can a Mechanical Keyboard Wear Out?
Yes, a mechanical keyboard can wear out. Over time, the keys may become less responsive, and eventually they may stop working altogether. The lifespan of a mechanical keyboard depends on several factors, such as the quality of the materials used and how often it is used.
How Long is the Lifespan of a Keyboard?
The lifespan of a keyboard can vary depending on the type of keyboard, how often it is used, and how well it is taken care of. The average lifespan of a mechanical keyboard is around 50 million keystrokes, while the average lifespan of a membrane keyboard is only around 5 million keystrokes. However, there are many factors that can affect a keyboard's lifespan, so these numbers should be taken as general estimates.
One of the biggest factors affecting a keyboard's lifespan is the type of switches used. Mechanical keyboards use physical switches under each key that are rated for a certain number of cycles before they start to wear out. The most common switch types are Cherry MX and Alps switches, which are rated for around 50 million cycles.
Membrane keyboards, on the other hand, use rubber domes or membranes that compress when pressed and do not have any specific cycle rating. However, they generally have a shorter lifespan than mechanical keyboards since the materials tend to degrade over time. Another factor affecting keyboard longevity is how often it is used.
A keyboard that is used several hours per day will obviously not last as long as one that sees very little use. This is because every time a key is pressed, there is wear and tear on the switch or membrane. Over time, this can lead to degradation and failure.
If you want your keyboard to last as long as possible, it's important to take breaks every so often and give it some rest! Finally, how well you take care of your keyboard can also impact its lifespan. Dust and dirt build-up can cause problems with keys sticking or becoming unresponsive over time.
It's important to clean your keyboard regularly with compressed air or an alcohol


text:
contribution of this paper is the introduction of controlled invariant sets in the fault detection mechanism. The control action is chosen in order to guarantee the closed-loop positive invariance of a candidate region when the exogenous signals (additive disturbances, noise and reference/set-points) are bounded.
This article deals with fault tolerant multisensor control schemes for systems with linear dynamics. Positive invariance is a common analysis and control design tool for systems affected by bounded constraints and disturbances. This article revisits the construction of \epsilon-approximations of minimal robust positive invariant sets
for linear systems upon contractive set-iterations. The cases of switching between different sets of disturbances and the inclusion of a predefined region of the state space are treated in detail. All these results are used in multisensor control schemes which have to deal with specific problems originated by the switching between different estimators and by the presence of faults in some of the sensors. The construction of positive invariant sets for different operating regimes provides, in this context, effective fault detection information. Within the same framework, global stability of the switching strategies can be assured if the invariant sets topology allows
the exclusive selection of estimates obtained from healthy sensors.


Version: 2021.3
LanguageEnglish
 - C#
EditorBuildSettings.AddConfigObject
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Declaration
public static void AddConfigObject(string name, Object obj, bool overwrite);
Parameters
name The name of the object reference in string format. This string name must be unique within your project or the overwrite parameter must be set to true.
obj Object reference to be stored. This object must be persisted and not null.
overwrite Boolean parameter used to specify that you want to overwrite an entry with the same name if one already exists.
Returns
void Throws an exception if the object is null, not persisted, or if there is a name conflict and the overwrite parameter is set to false.
Description
Store a reference to a config object by name. The object must be an asset in the project, otherwise it will not be saved when the editor is restarted or scripts are reloaded. To avoid name conflicts with other packages, it is recommended that names are qualified by a namespace, i.e. "company.package.name".
using UnityEngine;
using UnityEditor;
using System.IO;
public class MyConfigData : ScriptableObject { public static MyConfigData GetDefault() { //name of config data object string stringName = "com.myproject.myconfigdata"; //path to Config Object and asset name string stringPath = "Assets/myconfigdata.asset"; //used to hold config data MyConfigData data = null;
//if a config data object exists with the same name, return its config data if (EditorBuildSettings.TryGetConfigObject<MyConfigData>(stringName, out data)) return data;
//If the asset file already exists, store existing config data if (File.Exists(stringPath)) data = AssetDatabase.LoadAssetAtPath<MyConfigData>(stringPath); //if no previous config data exists if (data == null) { //show save file dialog and return user selected path name stringPath = EditorUtility.SaveFilePanelInProject("New Config File", "myconfigdata", "asset", "Select Config File Asset", "Assets"); //initialise config data object data = ScriptableObject.CreateInstance<MyConfigData>(); //create new asset from data at specified path //asset MUST be saved with the AssetDatabase before adding to EditorBuildSettings AssetDatabase.CreateAsset(data, stringPath); }
//add the new or loaded config object to EditorBuildSettings EditorBuildSettings.AddConfigObject(stringName, data, false);
return data; } }


/systemd/system/elements.service
As you probably guessed from the ExecPath property, your service executable goes in:
/usr/bin/ElementsService.exe
If all went well you can now start your service from the command-line:
systemctl start elements
And you can stop the service with:
systemctl stop elements
Resident services
Starting and stopping a service is all good and well, but that doesn't mean it will automatically start when you reboot your Linux box. In order to make the service resident (persisted, so Linux remembers to fire it up on boot), you have to enable the service:
systemctl enable elements
If you want to stop the service from starting on boot, just disable it:
systemctl disable elements
Now there is a ton of things you can tweak and change in the service-manifest file. For example, do you want Linux to restart your service if it crashes? How many times should Linux attempt to bring the service back up? Should it only bring it back up if the exit-code is zero?
If you want Linux to always restart a service if it stops (regardless of reason), you set the following flag in the service-manifest:
Restart=always
If you want Linux to only restart if the service fails, meaning that the exit-code of the application is <> 0, then you use this value instead:
Restart=on-failure
You can also set the service to only start after some other service, for example if your service has networking as a criteria (which is what we set in the service-manifest above), or a database engine.
There is a ton of different settings you can apply to the service-manifest, but listing them all here would be a small book. Better to just check the documentation and experiment a bit. So check the link and pick the ones that makes sense to your particular service.
Reflections
You should be very careful with how you define restart options. If something goes wrong and your service crash on start, Linux will keep restarting it en-mass. Automatic restart creates a loop, and it can be wise to make sure it doesn't get stuck. I would set restart to "on-error" exclusively, so that your service has a chance to exit gracefully.
Happy coding! And a special thanks to Benjamin Morel for his helpful posts.

.NetRocks, you made my day!
October 11, 2019 4 comments
72462670_10156562141710906_5626655686042583040_nA popular website for .Net developers is called dot-net-rocks. This is an interesting site that has been going for a while now; well worth the visit if you do work with the .Net framework via RemObjects Elements, VS or Mono.
Now it turns out that the guys over at dot–net-rocks just did an episode on their podcast where they open by labeling me as a "raving lunatic" (I clearly have my moments); which I find absolutely hilarious, but not for the same reasons as them.
Long story short: They are doing a podcast on how to migrate legacy Delphi applications to C#, and in that context they somehow tracked down an article I posted way back in 2016, which was meant as a satire piece. Now don't get me wrong, there are serious points in the article, like how the .Net framework was modeled on the Delphi VCL, and how the concepts around CLR and JIT were researched at Borland; but the tone of the whole thing, the "larger than life" claims etc. was meant to demonstrate just how some .Net developers behave when faced with alternative eco-systems. Having managed some 16+ usergroups for Delphi, C#, JavaScript (a total of six languages) on Facebook for close to 15 years, as well as working for Embarcadero that makes Delphi -I speak from experience.
It might be news to these guys that large companies around Europe is still using Delphi, modern Delphi, and that Object Pascal as a language scores well on the Tiobi index of popular programming languages. And no amount of echo-chamber mentality is going to change that fact. Heck, as late as 2018 and The Walt Disney Company wanted to replace C# with Delphi, because it turns out that bytecodes and embedded tech is not the best combination (cpu spikes when the GC kicks in, no real-time interrupt handling possible, GPIO delays, the list goes on).
I mean, the post i made back in 2016 is such obvious, low-hanging fruit for a show their size to pound on. You have this massive show that takes on a single, albeit ranting (and probably a bit of a lunatic if I don't get my coffee) coder's post. Underlying in the process how little they know about the object pascal community at large. They just demonstrated my point in bold, italic and underline 😀
Look before you shoot
DotNetRocks is either oblivious that Delphi still have millions of users around the world, or that Pascal is in fact available for .Net (which is a bit worrying since .Net is supposed to be their game). The alternative is that the facts I listed hit a little too close to home. I'll leave it up to the reader to decide. Microsoft has lost at least 10 Universities around Europe to Delphi in 2018 that I know of, two of them Norwegian where I was personally involved in the license sales. While only speculation, I do find the timing for their podcast and focus on me in particular to be, "curious".
72704588_10156562141590906_7030064639744409600_nAnd for the record, the most obvious solution when faced with "that legacy Delphi project", is to just go and buy a modern version of Delphi. DotNetRocks delivered a perfect example of that very arrogance my 2016 post was designed to convey; namely that "brogrammers" often act like Delphi 7 was the last Delphi. They also resorted to lies to sell their points: I never said that Anders was dogged for creating Delphi. Quite the opposite. I simply underlined that by ridiculing Delphi in one hand, and praising it's author with the other – you are indirectly (and paradoxically) invalidating half his career. Anders is an awesome developer, but why exclude how he evolved his skills? Ofcourse Ander's products will have his architectural signature on them.
Not once did they mention Embarcadero or the fact that Delphi has been aggressively developed since Borland kicked the bucket. Probably hoping that undermining the messenger will somehow invalidate the message.
vspas
Porting Delphi to C# manually? Ok.. why not install Elements and just compile it into an assembly? You don't even have to leave Visual Studio
Also, such an odd podcast for professional developers to run with. I mean, who the hell converts a Delphi project to C# manually? It's like listening to a graphics artist that dont know that Photoshop and Illustrator are the de-facto tools to use. How is that even possible? A website dedicated to .Net, yet with no insight into the languages that run on the CLR? Wow.
If you want to port something from Delphi to .Net, you don't sit down and manually convert stuff. You use proper tools like Elements from RemObjects; This gives you Object-Pascal for .Net (so a lot of code will compile just fine with only minor changes). Elements also ships with source-conversion tools, so once you have it running under Oxygene Pascal (the dialect is called Oxygene) you either just use the assemblies — or convert the Pascal code to C# through a tool called an Oxidizer.
vsdelphi
The most obvious solution is to just upgrade to a Delphi version from this century
The other solution is to use Hydra, also a RemObjects product. They can then compile the Delphi code into a library (including visual parts like forms and frames), and simply use that as any other assembly from within C#. This allows you to gradually phase out older parts without breaking the product. You can also use C# assemblies from Delphi with Hydra.
So by all means, call me what you like. You have only proved my point so far. You clearly have zero insight into the predominant Object-Pascal eco-systems, you clearly don't know the tools developers use to interop between arcetypical and contextual languages — and instead of fact checking some of the points I made, dry humor notwithstanding, you just reacted like brogrammers do.
Well, It's been weeks since I laughed this hard 😀 You really need to check before you pick someone to verbally abuse on the first date, because you might just bite yourself in the arse here he he
Cheers

Quartex Media Desktop, new compiler and general progress
September 11, 2019 Leave a comment
It's been a few weeks since my last update on the project. The reason I dont blog that often about Quartex Media Desktop (QTXMD), is because the official user-group has grown to 2000+ members. So it's easier for me to post developer updates directly to the audience rather than writing articles about it.
desktop_01
Quartex Media Desktop ~ a complete environment that runs on every device
If you haven't bothered digging into the project, let me try to sum it up


What lag time is
Lag time is the amount of time by which the destination system lags behind the source system.
The lag time is the difference between the current time and the timestamp of the Snapshot copy that was last successfully transferred to the destination system. The lag time will always be at least as much as the duration of the last successful transfer, unless the clocks on the source and destination systems are not synchronized. The time zone difference is automatically calculated into the lag time.


text:
Atlanta BeltLine passes milestone that marks ingenuity of funding, engineering
By David Pendered
The Atlanta BeltLine is passing an historic milestone. This one has not been celebrated with a party – though in May it won national acclaim.
This milestone commemorates the ingenuity of design and funding for one of the BeltLine's popular attractions – the Old Fourth Ward Park. Specifically, the water pond inside the park.
The water pond and its environs continue to win accolades. In May, the Urban Land Institute named it a finalist in ULI's 2020 Urban Space Award. It shared the podium with a total of eight public spaces in the U.S. and Canada commended by ULI as:
- "[O]utstanding examples of vibrant public open spaces that have been instrumental in promoting healthy, sustainable, and equitable outcomes in communities."
Now, the city is taking the final legal steps to declare the water pond and its surroundings as greenspace.
At its July 6 meeting, the Atlanta City Council is slated to approve the measure.
This step isn't to have any impact at all on access to, or use of, the pond and the greenspace around it. Users won't notice any changes.
The measure is required solely to satisfy terms of the loan Atlanta took out to pay for water pond's construction. Atlanta's Department of Watershed Management now has sole legal responsibility for the pond and adjacent area. The change will formally designate the city's Department of Parks and Recreation as responsible for maintaining the area as a passive greenspace.
The watershed department will continue to opeate the pond and its surroundings. The land specifically is not designated a public park, according to an agreement the council is to approve.
This transfer acknowledges the innovation exhibited by city and civic leaders in the early days of establishing at least this one amenity of the BeltLine.
They built consensus for a plan to build a water feature next to the Eastside Trail. They found a way to pay for it by using taxpayer dollars reserved for the purpose of improving the city's sewer system. The blending of a vision for a park amenity with the court-ordered cleanup of the city's sewer system was an innovation.
The water feature actually is part of Atlanta's sewerage system. The lake is officially designated as a detention pond that has, among its purposes, the easing of flooding in a 300-acre drainage basin, plus the cleaning of stormwater runoff before it enters the city's sewer system. The cleaner water reduces the work required of the city's sewer treatment system.
The water feature is located in a lowland area of the Clear Creek Basin, which includes the Old Fourth Ward neighborhood. For years, the area had experienced intermittent flooding and sewer overflows of the type not uncommon in some Atlanta neighborhoods before the city agreed to begin an upgrade that has blossomed into a $4 billion sewerage project.
The citywide sewer project is the one funded with proceeds of the sales tax Atlanta voters approved this month, the referendum that provided for an extension of the 1 percent municipal option sales tax.
In addition to mitigating persistent flooding, the detention pond is to help reduce flooding during a 100-year storm event. The pond is designed to accept water from an overall 800-acre watershed and reduce the rate of water flowing into the Highland Avenue Combined Sewer Trunk, according to a report by the Historic Fourth Ward Park Conservancy.
The alternative to developing such a detention pond had been the tried and true urban solution to managing stormwater runoff: Laying more sewer pipe and connecting to a treatment system. Debate over this proposal had roiled for years.
The following is the thumbnail description of the project by the engineering company that developed the plan, HDR, Inc., The firm says it practices, "engineering, architecture, environment and construction services:"
- "Located in a lowland area, the urban watershed of the Clear Creek Basin that sits at the heart of Atlanta's historic Fourth Ward was subject to intermittent flooding and sewer overflows during storm events. To address this problem, the City initially planned to fix the sewer overflow problem by laying more pipe via a tunnel extension of the sewer system. But then came the idea to transform a blighted industrial lowland into urban greenspace with stormwater control features and green infrastructure designed as a beautiful public park.
- "We were hired to plan and execute the design for the first 5 acres of the Historic Fourth Ward Park, which included the stormwater detention pond and surrounding aesthetic features. With stormwater flowing into the pond from its four sides, we designed distinct artistic features for each side, including a step down channel, a water wall with sculptural elements, a tunnel to bring water into the pond, and subsurface water discharges into a dry stream bed.
- "The park was the first component of what will be a 22-mile BeltLine Greenway, described as the most comprehensive economic development effort ever undertaken in Atlanta."


text:
عنوان مقاله [English]
Dried granular material subjected to saturation under certain vertical stresses, results in collapse settlement, due to sliding in the grain contacts, particle rearrangement and breakage. In this research, the effects of saturation on shear strength parameters and the collapse behavior of clean gravels are investigated via a large scale direct shear test. For instance, first, all physical properties of the gravelly material were evaluated via some specific laboratory tests, including grading analysis, specific gravity of soil solids, unit weight of soils and Los Angeles abrasion tests. Maximum and minimum densities were determined in order to provide samples in a specific relative density. The materials, which were selected for collapse tests were classified as GP and SP, due to their potential for collapse during saturation. In order to compare the shear strength parameters in dry and wet states, large-scale direct shear test apparatus with a sample dimension of $30times 30times15cm$ was used, and strain control tests were done on the saturated and dried samples. Vertical stresses of 1, 3 and 5 $Kg/cm^2$ were applied to the samples and shearing continued until 4.5 cm shear displacement. Collapse tests were done by the direct shear apparatus on the initially dry samples, which were flooded during shearing at the specific strain or in the specific shear stress levels. Result of laboratory tests showed that in most samples, shear strength parameters decreased with inundating the material, whereas the parameters in collapse and saturated tests were close to each other. An important part of this paper is studying the effect of different parameters on the collapse phenomenon in gravelly material. Specific parameters were selected as vertical stress, soil density, coarseness or fineness of particles, initial water content, and shear displacement or shear stress level. Vertical stress and shear stress levels had a direct effect on the collapse settlement; in fact, an increase in vertical and shear stress levels results in more collapse settlement and more stress release during saturation. Another factor is sand content in the whole sample. It was shown that although sand particles were not prone to crack due to their small size, the collapse potential in the sand samples was much higher than gravelly material. In fact, particle rearrangement was the fundamental cause of collapse in sandy soils, while particle breakage in gravelly material is another reason for the collapse. Also, experimental results indicated that addition of moisture content, even in small amounts, would cause a high reduction in collapse settlement. Furthermore, the effect of soil density was studied in the collapse settlement and it was observed that collapse decreases with an increase in relative density. Thus, in order to decrease collapse settlement in the compacted material, soil mass must be well compacted and prepared in a wet state.


text:
The following spreadsheet uses the system design rules from the Jovian Chronicles Companion 1st Edition. Individual values have been adjusted slightly, as the original rules did not effectively affect the modifiers for different accuracy, rate of fire, and some querks. In the column "JC Calc" you find the calculation of the costs according to original rules, in the column "Mod. Calc" the calculation after my adaptation.
Pale blue boxes require an entry or selection. Yellow boxes show important intermediate calculations and values. The final calculation of the created design is done in the two black framed tables below. Some tables with reference values follow, these are included by the system design depending on the inputs.


text:
A dynamic ecological model, calibrated with field data from the communal lands of southern Zimbabwe where Shangaaan and Ndebele people live, shows the ilala palm, Hyphaene petersiana, to be resilient to a wide range of harvesting regimes. The degree of use determines the plant population structure but not the palm's continued existence. Ilala palm sap for wine and leaves for crafts provide an important source of income at the village level. Shangaan households generally regulated palm use, with the manual workers usually being Ndebele. Despite the designation of the region as a "communal area" there are clearly social conventions limiting access to resources. The use of the plant for sap is more closely regulated than its use for leaves. Leaf harvests appear less ecologically destructive than tapping for sap. Although social rules reduce harvesting, the ecology of the palm is such that intensive harvesting may actually increase the available products by chaning the ilala palms into more accessible and useful growth form.
Topic: Hyphaene,crafts,dynamic models,harvesting,sap,palm leaves,participatory rural appraisal,tenure systems
Publication Year: 2003
Source: Forests, Trees and Livelihoods 13(4): 275-296


I was reading this paper, about the complexity of decision problems for reversal bounded counter machines. I got to Theorem 1 on Page 6. The theorem shows that there's a log-space NTM which can determine if a non deterministic reversal-bounded counter machine is empty or not. (A log-space NTM can be converted into a polynomial time DTM).
The proof shows that, for input machine represented as a string of length $n$, with $m$ counters, that $O(m\log n)$ space is required.
Here's where I get lost. The paper says that, since $m$ is fixed, we can consider the machine to take $O(\log n)$ space.
Does this mean that the algorithm is only uses log-space if $m$ is fixed? Would the corresponding deterministic algorithm then be exponential in terms of $m$?
 - 1
 $\begingroup$ It is not necessarily the case that the best algorithm is to determinize the NDTM, but certainly this approach may be exponential in $m$. $\endgroup$ – András Salamon Jul 6 '13 at 17:36
 - $\begingroup$ The problem given in Theorem 1 is NCM(m,r). So, both $ m $ and $ r $ are fixed. When you design an algorithm for this problem, you can embed the values of $ m $ and $ r $ into the finite state set. Moreover, you can squeeze the work tape to $O(\log n)$ space by using more tape symbols (depending the value of $ m $). $\endgroup$ – Abuzer Yakaryilmaz Jul 8 '13 at 8:22
If the number of counters or the number of reversals (or both) is part of the input, the problem becomes coNP-complete (unless there is exactly one counter):
The upper bound was shown by Hague and Lin, using a reduction to existential Presburger arithmetic: Hague and Lin, "Model Checking Recursive Programs with Numeric Data Types", CAV 2011, _URL_
 - If the number of counters is part of the input and one has exactly one reversal, it is not hard to reduce the knapsack problem: Given binary representations of $x_1,\ldots,x_k,y$, each containing at most $n$ bits, one can easily construct a $(k+1)n$-counter automaton $A$ that can nondeterministically pick a subset $S\subseteq \{1,\ldots,k\}$ and produce $\sum_{i\in S} x_i$ on the first counter and then subtracts $y$ from the first counter. Then the language of $A$ is non-empty if and only if there is a subset $S\subseteq \{1,\ldots,k\}$ with $\sum_{i\in S} x_i=y$.
 - If the number of reversals is part of the input and one has exactly two counters, coNP-hardness was already shown in Gurari and Ibarra, "The complexity of decision problems for finite-turn multicounter machines", _URL_ This seems to be the journal version of the paper linked in the question.
 - If the number of reversals is part of the input and one has exactly one counter, however, then the problem is NL-complete. This is a well-known result on one-counter automata.
Your Answer


text:
- 41 check-ins
Resources are running low. Rise in your battle vehicle and look out for raw materials. Destroy everything crossing your path with Steel Legions at POPMOG. In a fictitious world four empires fight for the important resources steel, oil and steam. Resources become scarce, a newly discovered country promises fat booty. Naturally all four empires bear down on the prescious territory. But there can be only one, all hell is breaking loose. Except for the four empires scavengers are in the area as well, the enemy is everywhere. The battles are staged with steel colossus weighing tons and armed to the teeth. Their firepower is only exceeded by their insatiable hunger for fuel. A constant balance between troop strength and fuel consumption is crucial for victory. In the whole area valuable resources are scattered. Find them in order to repair and develop your battle vehicle. By these means you can gain the upper hand on the battleground. Choose your fraction and enter the dark and dangerous world. The Phoenix Empires has its bases in the mountain chains. The people is rather simply knitted and always in search for urgently needed resources. The Tundran Warriors are very nature-connected, while the Pandora Rebels live in the wasteland of Steel Legions, which hardly contains resources. A powerful military presence is the strength of the Pandora Rebels.The Golden Territories feature fruitful countries with high resource deposits. But the valuable resources are defended. tooth and nail. Face action-packed battles and build the ultimative steel colossus. Play the successful 3D-Browsergame Steel Legions at POPMOG.


text:
Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps)
is a poverty reduction and social development strategy of the national government that provides conditional cash grants to extremely poor households to improve their health, nutrition and education particularly of children aged 0-14.
4Ps has dual objectives:
- Social Assistance - to provide cash assistance to the poor to alleviate their immediate need (short term poverty alleviation); and
- Social Development - to break the inter-generational poverty cycle through investments in human capital.
- Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger
- Achieve Universal Primary Education
- Promote Gender Equality
- Reduce Child Mortality
- Improve Maternal Health
The poorest households in the municipalities are selected through a Proxy-Means Test. This test determines the socio-economic category of the families by looking at certain proxy variables such as ownership of assets, type of housing, education of the household head, livelihood of the family and access to water and sanitation facilities.
- Residents of the poorest municipalities based on 2003 Small Area Estimates (SAE) of NSCB;
- Households whose economic condition is equal to or below the provincial poverty threshold.
- Households that have children 0-14 years old and/or have a pregnant woman at the time of assessment;
- Households that agree to meet conditions specified in the program.
To avail of the cash grants beneficiaries should comply with the following conditions:
- Pregnant women must avail preand post-natal care and be attended during childbirth by a trained health professional;
- Parents must attend responsible parenthood sessions, mother's classes and parent effectiveness seminars;
- 0-5 year old children must receive regular preventive health check-ups and vaccines;
- 3-5 year old children must attend day care or pre-school classes at least 85% of the time.
- 6-14 year old children must enroll in elementary or high school and must attend at least 85% of the time.
- 6-14 years old children must receive deworming pills twice a year.
4Ps operates in 45 provinces covering 255 municipalities and 15 key cities.
At present, 700,000 households are enrolled in the program and are receiving cash grants.
The implementation of 4Ps Program follows the 8-step cycle starting from the 1) selection of target areas, 2) supply side assessment, 3) selection of household beneficiaries, 4) registration and validation of beneficiaries, 5) Family Registry preparation, 6) initial payment, 7) verification of compliance and 8) 2nd and succeeding release of cash grants.
4Ps provides cash grants to the beneficiaries to wit:
- P6,000 a year or P500 per month per household for health and nutrition expenses; and
- P3000 for one school year or 10 months or P300/month per child for educational expenses. A maximum of three children per household is allowed.
In cases where payment through cash card is not feasible, the beneficiaries shall be provided their cash grants through an alternative payment scheme such as over-the-counter transactions from the nearest Landbank branch or offsite payments through Landbank.
- Angeles City Population Growth Rate
- Apagmaragul mu bang Kapampangan ka?
- Bakit ganito sa Pilipinas?
- Barangay Cutcut Health and Household Statistics
- History of Angeles City
- History of Barangay Cutcut
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- Mission and Vision
- Population of Barangay Cutcut
- Profile of Angeles City
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- Which do you prefer; Cutcut Cemetery or Holy Mary Memorial Park?
- Why do they call it Fields Avenue?


The Charmed Wiki
Power Absorption
4,677pages on
this wiki
Power Absorption
Power Information
To absorbs magical powers leaving the original owner without any of their powers.
 - Point hand at target
 - Through touch (may involve killing the victim or when using artifacts)
Defensive Power
Image Gallery
Power Absorption is the ability to absorb magical powers, leaving the original owner without their powers. It is often accomplished by killing the power's original host and then taking the power, but has been done without killing the original host.
Methods of Power AbsorptionEdit
Warlocks absorb the powers of other magical beings by killing the host and naturally obtaining their magic. Their most common targets are witches, though they go after demons and whitelighters as well.
The Slime Demon used this power to feed on the magic of other beings for survival, as did the Spider demon along with her Life Draining power. However, they used different methods: for example; The Slime Demon would engulf the foe with its slimy figure and digests them, while The Spider Demon would wrap her victims in a cocoon of webs and drain their powers through her hands
The Dogan had the power to absorb the Essence of other magical beings, good or evil by killing them, absorbing their powers and the beings themselves through his hands in the process. The method used by Zankou was the same.
The Titans had the power to absorb the abilities of other magical beings by pointing both hands at them.
Cole Turner was also able to absorb powers through touch while he was in the Demonic Wasteland. Though it's unknown if he can do that outside of Wasteland.
Parasite Demons were a duo of demons cursed by a witch, reducing them to a powerless state, forcing them the absorb other beings' life force and powers to live.
Sirk had the power to absorb the abilities of other magical beings, by killing them. He gained Paige Matthews ability to access magic school when he killed her. He also gains random powers for each kill, whether his victim is magical or not.
All warlocks have the innate ability to absorb the power of the beings they kill by stabbing them with an athame. However, Matthew Tate had the ability to copy the powers used on him without killing the victim.
Certain Athames are able to naturally absorb a being's powers into the blade and then into the wielder. It is commonly used by Warlocks to kill witches and steal/store their powers.
The Hollow can absorb all powers that it comes in physical contact with. Once the Hollow is contained, the powers are returned.
The Crystal Sword was a formidable magical weapon formerly owned by Gabriel Statler which could absorb the powers and skills of other magical beings.
Drake dè Mon, a former Mercury demon, once made a Deal with a Sorcerer to be made human, with a soul, but if Drake used his powers in an offensive manner, they would be forfeit to the Sorcerer.
Spells and RitualsEdit
A witch can use a spell to extract the power of Empathy from someone: To Relinquish an Empath's Power. However, the power will find a new host, the spell caster, if physical contact is established during the spell. However, the power of empathy will drive the witch insane if they were never meant to have it, and will die within 24 hours unless the power is withdrawn.
A witch can also use a spell to steal another witch's magic: To Separate a Witch from Her Powers. While witches can use this spell to take someone's magic into themselves, they can also redirect it to someone they intend to give the power to. Gail Altman, Amanda and Helen used this spell to deliver the Charmed Ones' powers to the demon Cryto. The spell is used once again by the Stillman sisters to steal the Charmed Ones' powers for themselves.
In the spell to separate a witch's power, there is also a potion required for the spell to work properly. Zankou used this potion to steal the Charmed Ones' powers. However, the potion is useless if the witch it targets is in astral mode.
Offensive UsageEdit
Power absorption is mostly used to weaken one's opponents, draining them and leaving them powerless to fight while adding the absorbed powers and magic to one's own arsenal. In the case of the Hollow or the Parasite Demons, they absorb the magic of the powers or potions used on them, granting them a form of immunity towards attacks, but they vary in the fact that The Hollow can automatically absorb the powers used on it or its host(s) but the Parasite Demons have to do it consciously, leaving them vulnerable to attack when caught off-guard.
List of UsersEdit
Original power
Through artifacts, potions, etc.
 1. Through the use of an Athame.
 2. Through the Crystal Sword.
 3. While in the the Demonic Wasteland.
See AlsoEdit
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text:
Debris removal from 2020 fires finally complete in California
Debris from the 2020 California wildfires has been cleared from 100% of the properties involved in a California wildfire debris removal program.
The program is meant to help wildfire survivors clean up their properties with no out-of-pocket costs.
Although some properties in the program are still waiting on soil testing, hazardous tree removal or erosion control, over 3,000 families have begun rebuilding their homes or can now begin.
Officially named the California Consolidated Debris Removal Program, it is run out of the California Office of Emergency Services (OES) and the California Department of Resources Recycling and Recovery (CalRecycle).
Alicia De La Garza, with the California OES, says the debris removal program is crucial because of the sheer level of damage that wildfires cause.
"Our crews cleared, it was about 1.25 million tons, which is about 2.5 billion pounds of debris" says De La Garza. "So that's ash, metal, concrete, contaminated soil, all that kind of stuff was removed from those properties."
De La Garza says that the Office of Emergency Service is not just focused on debris removal after the fact.
"We definitely work on mitigation, so we encourage homeowners to have defensive space around their homes, which will really help prevent the fire from even reaching their homes. And having home hardening programs that we put out in the public so people can learn how to use fire safe products whether its items that are used to actually build the home or just stuff that is around the home."


text: Oakleigh Mechanics' Institute. First Built on this site in 1886. The Mechanics' Institute movement began in British urban industrial centres in the early 1800s. A "mechanic" was a person applying skills and technology. During the 19th century, most towns in Victoria established a Mechanics' Institute or Athenaeum with a library and meeting hall. Common objects were the "spread of useful knowledge" and provision for "rational recreation" in the community.This plaque, No. 18 in the MIV series, was placed in 2006 to commemorate the centenary of the rebuilding of the Oakleigh Mechanics' Institute and to record its educational, social, cultural and municipal importance to the community including service as Oakleigh Town Hall.


text:
Hiperbaric has introduced a new canister for High Pressure Thermal Processing (HPTP).
Invented by CSIRO and further developed by Hiperbaric, HPTP combines the microbial lethality of heat with the speed of high pressure into one system.
At the core of HPTP is a canister patented by CSIRO that adds mild heat to existing Hiperbaric high pressure processing (HPP) machines. The canister withstands extreme pressure (87,000psi/6,000 bar) and temperature conditions (>90 °C), while keeping food products isolated from the surrounding water medium used.
The process is compatible with existing Hiperbaric HPP machines—preheat the canister and food, hermetically seal, then use ultra-high pressure to achieve sterilization temperatures.
This process is suitable for making some products microbiologically safe using less heat compared to conventional food preservation technologies. Unlike conventional thermal pasteurization methods, HPTP enables sterilization at lower temperatures, maintaining the natural flavor, nutrients and visual appeal of products.
This canister will enable a variety of products to benefit from HPTP in a shelf-stable format.
By controlling pressure and temperature, HPTP delivers advantages including inactivating pathogens and spores to enable shelf-stable low acid products, preserving nutrition and flavor, reducing processing contaminants that can occur at high heat and achieving commercial sterilization up to ten times faster than conventional canning based on research.


Motor Disconnecting Means NJATC code calcs 2008
The flashcards below were created by user johnbowens on FreezingBlue Flashcards.
 1. the disconnecting means for motors has 3 responsibilities. What are they? PP168
 - To safely carry the load
 - To be capable of being opened under load, and....
 - To be capable of being opened under locked rotor conditions.
 2. What indicates the locked rotor current of a disconnecting means? PP169
 Can this horsepower rating be the same as the HP rating of the motor? Under what conditions? pp176
 The horsepower rating of the disconnecting means
 Yes: only when the code letter is between A and F
 3. A design B energy efficient motor has a hi/ low starting current? PP169
 Very high
 4. The circuit breaker is/ is not allowed to be used as a disconnecting means for a motor? Why? PP 180
 Is, becuase the UL directory lists them as having been tested for 6 times the devices rating and identified for such use per 430.109
 5. The disconnecting means, versus the branch circuit rating, is rated at _______% of FLC of the motor plus heating loads? PP184
 115%, versus 125% for branch circuits plus 125% of heating.
 6. A molded case switch looks just like a molded case circuit breaker but is different how? PP 185
 No overcurrent protection is built into it
 7. For air-conditioning and refigerant equipment, the branch circuit selection current (BCSC) is always what in comparison to rated load current (RLC)? PP187
 Always bigger
 8. Section 440.32 requires the conductiors supplying a motor compressor to be 125% of the RLC or BCSC, _________. pp188
 whichever is the larger
Author
ID
59846
Card Set
Motor Disconnecting Means NJATC code calcs 2008
Description
Motor disconnecting means general rules and requirements per 2008/11 NEC
Updated
Show Answers


text:
Recent research has revealed that self-referential processing enhances perceptual judgments — the so-called self-prioritization effect. The extent and origin of this effect remains unknown, however. Noting the multifaceted nature of the self, here we hypothesized that temporal influences on self-construal (i.e., past/future-self continuity) may serve as an important determinant of stimulus prioritization. Specifically, as representations of the self increase in abstraction as a function of temporal distance (i.e., distance from now), self-prioritization may only emerge when stimuli are associated with the current self. The results of three experiments supported this prediction. Self-relevance only enhanced performance in a standard perceptual-matching task when stimuli (i.e., geometric shapes) were connected with the current self; representations of the self in the future (Expts. 1 & 2) and past (Expt. 3) failed to facilitate decision making. To identify the processes underlying task performance, data were interrogated using a hierarchical drift diffusion model (HDDM) approach. Results of these analyses revealed that self-prioritization was underpinned by a stimulus bias (i.e., rate of information uptake). Collectively, these findings elucidate when and how self-relevance influences decisional processing.
Bibliographical noteOpen Access via Springer Compact Agreement
- social cognition
- temporal construal
- drift diffusion model


A conservation plan was prepared for Fonthill, Henry Chapman Mercer's concrete masterpiece in Doylestown, Pennsylvania which was built between 1908 and 1912. The Plan, commissioned by the Bucks County Historical Society, addressed the short and long-term challenges of maintaining the integrity of the building's concrete structure and its cast-in-place decorative arts collections. The primary objective was to clearly understand Fonthill's complex and interrelated components and systems, and to identify the critical issues and formulate a short and long-range plan for addressing those issues. Construction documents for phased restoration work followed the initial conservation plan.


learnyounode Lesson 12 – HTTP Uppercase
For this lesson we need to create an HTTP server that only accepts POST requests. The POST body should be converted to an uppercase string and returned to the client via the server response. Like the previous lessons, the server should listen on the port provided as the first argument to the program (process.argv[2]).
In the previous lesson we learned a little bit about piping and streaming. Although it is not required, the use of the request and response streaming APIs will make this lesson much easier. In addition the, we can use node modules to help us, such as through2-map, which can be used to transform stream data.
My Solution
var http = require('http')
var map = require('through2-map')
var port = process.argv[2]
http.createServer(function (request, response) {
 // check to see if request method is POST
 if (request.method === 'POST') {
 // write request status and content type to resposne head
 // stream request to through2-map with pipe()
 request.pipe(map(function (chunk) {
 // convert request to uppercase string
 return chunk.toString().toUpperCase()
 // stream result to response with pipe()
 } else {
 // write method not allowed error to response header if method not POST
}).listen(+port, function () {
 console.log('Server listening on http://localhost:%s', port)
In the solution above, we are assigning the http and through2-map modules to the variables http and map. We are also assigning the first argument to our program to the variable port.
Next, we a create a server and pass a callback function which accepts a request and response as arguments. Inside of our callback, we are checking to see if the method of the request (request.method) sent to our server is equal to POST. If it is, we are writing status 200 and the content type to the response head and piping the request to the map() method.
The map() method is passed a callback which accepts chunk as an argument. Inside of this callback are returning the value of our chuck, which is converted to an uppercase string with the toString() and toUpperCase() methods. Then we are pining the returned value to the response with the pipe() method.
If the request method is not equal to POST, we are writing status 405 to the response head. Error code 405 is the error code used if a method is not allowed, such as GET.
Finally, we are listening for the port passed as the first argument to the program, coercing the port to a number using the unary + operator, and logging the server location to the console.
For comparison, the official solution is pasted below.
Official Solution
var http = require('http')
var map = require('through2-map')
var server = http.createServer(function (req, res) {
 if (req.method!= 'POST')
 return res.end('send me a POST\n')
 req.pipe(map(function (chunk) {
 return chunk.toString().toUpperCase()
Lesson 13