How to Choose Loose Tube And Tight Buffered Fiber Optic Cable? - Baudcom
How to Choose Loose Tube And Tight Buffered Fiber Optic Cable?
Don't know how to choose loose tube and tight buffered optic fiber cable?
After reading this article, you will definitely have a good harvest between loose tube and tight buffered fiber optic cable as belows:
You can know how to choose them,
the key differences between them,
the most basic definitions of them.
How to choose Loose Tube and Tight Buffered Fiber Optic Cable ?
Loose Tube and Tight Buffered Fiber Optic Cable
Loose Tube and Tight Buffered Fiber Optic Cable are two structural forms of optical cables.
1.Tight Buffered Fiber Cable
Tight Buffered Fiber Optic Cable, also known as riser or fiber optic distribution cable, is primarily used in buildings and campuses, often installed in cable trays or ducts.Therefore, they are suitable for use in internal factories or building networks. These cables usually have an LSZH jacket.
Tight Buffered Fiber Optic Cable, on the other hand, are great for indoor use and medium-length LAN/WAN connections because they're a more robust option. Another advantage of tight buffered cable is that they are easier to install as there is no gel to clean up afterward.They do not require a fan-out kit for splicing or termination, as you can crimp the connector directly onto each fiber.
Loose Tube use in indoor
2.Loose Tube
Loose Tube Fiber Optic Cable are better for outdoors and harsh environments because they hold the fiber inside a gel that protects the fiber from water and temperature changes.
These cables should not be routed through multiple corners or bends, as this can damage the gel and expose the core. Due to the diameter of the optical fibers used in Loose Tube Cable, they typically hold more fibers than Tight Buffered Fiber Optic Cable.
The type of outer sheath and material used is also suitable for exterior or outdoor plant use.
It offers waterproof tape, rodent protection (such as steel wire armor), termite protection, sacrificial sheathing, and many other potential advantages when used outdoors or in harsh environments, usually, most outdoor cables use the PE nylon outer jacket.
Key differences between Loose Tube and Tight Buffered Fiber Optic Cable
1.Design
The main difference between them is the design of the cable.
(1)In tight buffered fiber optic cables, there is no gap between the core coating and cladding.
(2)Loose Tube Fiber Optic Cables have gaps that are either filled with gel or are loosely distributed throughout the cable.
Loose Tube and Tight Buffered structure
2.Structure
(1)Loose Tube Fiber Optic Cables are composed of multiple 250 um fiber cores and have only one outer protective layer.
(2)Tight Buffered Fiber Optic Cable typically consists of 900 um buffered fiber and have two layers of aramid yarn (one around the fibre core and another outer layer).
Loose Tube and Tight Buffered Fiber Optic Cable are two structural forms of optical cables. Let's introduce and learn how to choose and apply.
3.Cost
The cost of loose tube cables may vary depending on factors such as fiber count, specifications, and the level of protection.
(1)Loose tube cables for outdoor use can range from $0.30 to $2.00 per foot or more, depending on fiber count, specific protective features, etc.For a 432-fiber cable, this could be anywhere from approximately $130 to $864 for a 1000-foot length.
(2)Tight-buffered cables for indoor use are generally more cost-effective and can range from $0.10 to $0.50 per foot or more.
A 432-fiber tight-buffered cable of 1000 feet might cost around $43 to $216 or more.
Loose Tube and Tight Buffered Fiber Optic Cable are two structural forms of optical cables. Let's introduce and learn how to choose and apply
4.Flexibility
(1)Loose tube cables offer flexibility due to the individual buffer tubes that encase the fibers.This design allows them to accommodate thermal expansion and contraction.
(2)Tight-buffered cables are less flexible due to the tight adhesion of the buffer layer directly to the fibers.
They are designed for applications where flexibility isn't a priority.
5.Applications
(1)Loose tube cables are designed for outdoor and harsh conditions as they offer flexibility and protection against environmental factors.
They are often used in underground, aerial, underwater, and duct installations.
(2)Tight-buffered cables are intended for indoor and controlled environments.They offer protection and ease of termination. They are commonly used in indoor networking, LANs, building-to-building connections, data centers, and structured cabling.
Definition of Loose Tube and Tight Buffered fiber optic cabletwo cable
(1)Briefly understand the loose tube cable.
Loose Tube Fiber Optic Cable have only one outer protective layer.
They are composed of multiple 250 um fiber cores and manufactured in two ways: gel-filled and dry.
Dry Loose Tube Fiber Optic Cable is similar but retains its
waterproofing capabilities with an additional internal protective
layer.To provide greater protection, the outer tube can be made from
a stronger or semi-rigid material to accommodate harsher
environments or where cable contact is common.
(2)Briefly understand the tight buffered cable
Tight Buffered Fiber Optic Cable typically consists of 900 um
buffered fiber surrounded by aramid yarn or E-glass reinforcement
in a halogen-free outer jacket.
They can be used indoors and outdoors and are designed so that the
buffer material is in direct contact with the optical fiber.
There are two main types of tight-buffered cable structures, branch
cable structures (also known as fan-out cables) and distributed
structures.Distribution cables are designed to be more compact than
distribution structures, but the tight-buffered fibers inside the cable
are only bundled in a single outer jacket for protection.
Conclusion
The loose-tube cable is for long-distance outdoor applications, while the tight-buffered cable is usually used for moderate length indoor applications
If you still don't know how to choose, you can contact Baudcom and we will give you the most perfect solution to meet your needs.
 Loose-tube Fiber Optic cable Tight-buffered Fiber Optic Cable
Fiber size 250µm fiber 900µm fiber
Main use outdoor indoor
Waterproof material used waterproof gel acrylic coating
Place with many bends not suitable suitable
Underwater application not suitable suitable
Better place than the other higher density higher flexibility
better temperature properties higher tensile strength
smaller size easier termination and splicing
Post time：2024-03-24
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Lomoveishiy – Finland
I needed those to connect my PC on the third floor to have internet access in that room, and ISP installed their modem on the first floor only. After dropping fiber patch cables, plugged in all cables into these media converters at both sides, and link came up instantly. Was much easier than I thought!
Raymond – USA
Great experience – units worked straight out of the box – just needed plug in cables and we were done. I also like the possibility to enable jumbo frames, while we do not have a need for this feature at the current moment it's great to have this option.
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Choosing the best or most cost-effective pothole repair method has long been a complicated puzzle for road crews.
Now you can use a "decision tree" tool to match the best patch to fix your potholes.
The University of Minnesota Duluth's (UMD) Swenson College of Science and Engineering devised the tree while studying potholes and how to repair them.
The research examined all the different kinds of potholes, and all the different repair methods available as well.
Instead of recommending a one-size-fits-all approach, the researchers came up with their decision tree tool that matches the best patching method to the pothole in question. The idea has been so well received that it drew media attention.
If your pothole is a certain width, depth, in the wheel path or between lanes, or on a rural road with little traffic, the decision tree will show which patching method will work best, according to the National Road Research Alliance newsletter from the Minnesota Department of Transportation.
"Selecting the appropriate patching method and materials varies depending on several factors, including the size of the pothole and its location on the roadway," explains Manik Barman, an assistant professor with the University of Minnesota Duluth (UMD) Department of Civil Engineering.
"Patching methods and materials also face seasonal challenges in Minnesota when asphalt plants shut down for the winter, turning cold-weather repairs into short-term fixes," he says.
That's why the Minnesota Department of Transportation (MnDOT) funded research to help road crews choose patching methods that match specific repair conditions.
UMD researchers explored patching tools, materials, and methods to identify which ones were most appropriate for specific pothole conditions, road locations and the time of year.
They also evaluated the effectiveness of different methods based on durability, road safety, ride quality and driver satisfaction, the university says.
"We wanted to develop a decision tree for choosing the right pothole repair method that could be laminated for use in the field," says Susan Lodahl, assistant state maintenance engineer with the MnDOT Office of Maintenance.
Researchers began by reviewing existing literature to identify the four repair methods best suited to Minnesota. Those are cold mix, hot recycled asphalt, mastic material, and mill-and-fill with hot-mix asphalt.
Next, they identified five sites near Duluth, where they oversaw 20 pothole repairs. Investigators monitored these repairs for two years to assess the methods and their best applications.
Their findings include these points:
- Cold-mix asphalt patch should only be used for temporary fixes in small to medium potholes. The material is not designed to be structurally sound for depths beyond two inches.
- Virgin hot-mix asphalt during the regular season is the most acceptable option for filling milled areas. This option can be used in any situation—mill-and-fill or established potholes.
- Mastic, although expensive, is the best option for repairing small potholes as well as longitudinal joints.
Using the findings from this study, researchers developed decision trees to help road crews choose the most suitable method for each repair. The trees come in in both flowchart and flash card forms.
The researchers also compiled best practice guidelines for patching method selection, placement, compaction practices, and moisture control to provide further guidance.
"The decision trees and best practices we developed can be easily combined into a patching guide that, with laminated flash cards, can be distributed to MnDOT road crews throughout the state and will also be invaluable to our local public agencies in Minnesota and beyond," Barman says.
A poster for the truck stations was also developed.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
I am using the same code on two different websites which are hosted on different servers. In one of them the Facebook oauth log in works as it has to but on the other one after the authentication, it redirects to a url like this:
The odd part is that it works on one of the servers but not on the other one. What do you think causes this?
In the Facebook Connect case: 1. The Website (client in OAuth speak) redirects the user to Facebook asking for access to the users portion of the Facebook Graph API endpoint. 2. Facebook gets the users Authorization to give that access. 3. Facebook then redirects the user back to the client passing an access token in the URL fragment. 4. The client performs a GET on the Facebook API endpoint using the access token from step 3. 5. The Graph API endpoint returns a JSON object that contains a Facebook user_id and other public and perhaps private information based on what access the user granted. 6. The Website logs in user in as the user_id from the Graph API endpoint. I think my server can not do the 5th part.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Majella Reid visits some of County Longford's heritage attractions, including the site of one of Europe's finest Iron Age trackways and the Knights & Conquests Heritage Centre, which is dedicated to the legacy of the Normans.
Corlea Trackway Visitor Centre
White bog cotton blew gently in the summer breeze, as I cast my eye around the roaming peatlands. Small lakes, formed from the cutting of peat, dotted my view as purple heathers, green mosses and tall sturdy bull reeds all proudly lay claim to the landscape.
I was in the townland of Corlea, some three kilometres from the village of Keenagh in County Longford, and I was here to visit the Corlea Trackway Visitor Centre, home to one of Europe's finest Iron Age trackways.
The centre holds a preserved 'togher' or section of this ancient timber trackway. The togher is approximately 18 metres in length and is encased within the building, while the submerged trackway in the peatlands beyond the centre, extends a further 1km.
Discovered by Bord na Móna employees, the Corlea trackway was excavated from 1984 by the late Professor Barry Raftery of U.C.D. and is the largest of its type in Europe. It stretches from a north west to south east direction, from dry land in the east to an island of dry land in the bog to the west.
It is believed that all the timbers (mostly oak, but some silver birch and ash) were felled, split and cut to four metre lengths, which were laid side by side to form the trackway. It is believed from dating by Queens University Belfast that work started on the trackway in 147BC and continued through 148BC.
According to the Corlea Trackway Visitor's Guide, "During the second century BC there are indications that significant tribal developments and re-organisation were taking place in Ireland… The building of the Corlea trackway was another prestigious construction of the period."
The guide goes on to say that, unlike the earlier tracks, its significance clearly transcends the simple needs of the local farming communities and begs the question, why was it built?
"Over the decades since the excavation, many have wondered this," says Mary Forbes, tour guide at Corlea Trackway Visitor Centre. "An obvious answer is to transport goods and animals over the boglands. However, when the archaeologists inspected the timbers more closely, they discovered that there were no markings on the trackway. This has left many puzzled."
One theory that has developed is that the trackway was built as part of a link between the sacred Celtic sites of Cruachain (where aénaige or great seasonal assemblies took place – located in County Roscommon) and Uisneach (a large ceremonial site that has been shortlisted for nomination as a UNESCO World Heritage Site – located in County Westmeath).
Therefore it is believed the Corlea trackway had a ritual purpose. The fact that the majority of timbers are from the oak tree, which was believed to be a sacred tree by Celts, adds to this belief. But it is all conjecture.
Many also believe that the trackway is referenced in the ancient mythology of Midir & Étain. This story is much celebrated in County Longford and it tells the tale of Midir's quest to find his true love, Étain.
"He has four tasks to perform for the High King of Ireland. One of these is to build a road. In the story the King's spy reports back that all the men in the world were building the road," said Mary.
Another dip into folklore reveals that many locals in Corlea and surrounding hinterland knew that a great trackway lay submerged beneath the boggy soils. They called it the 'Danes' Road', named after a local place. It should also be noted that there is another trackway located nearby at Derraghan More.
The Corlea Trackway Visitor Centre is built on the exact axis of the trackway in the bog. There is an audio-visual presentation on the excavation and preservation of the timbers of the Corlea trackway, as well as interpretative panels and artifacts.


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Replace tedious calculations and reduce human error with AutoTURN's automated, accurate and visual assurance that your ramp and driveway designs are safe and efficient. AutoTURN's Generate Grade Template and Place Vertical Simulation tools ensure your ramp and driveway design will safely accommodate the vehicles that will use them – especially for low clearance vehicles.
Come watch this recorded AutoTURN Tips webinar on how to check your ramp and driveway designs quickly and accurately.
In this recording, we discuss how:
- The Generate Grade Template feature shows the maximum upward and downward grade capabilities of a vehicle, and
- The Place Vertical Simulation feature allows you to evaluate the vehicle profile to determine if the vehicle can safely negotiate the vertical profile and clear overhead elements.


How does AI Dungeon encrypt player data?
How does AI Dungeon encrypt player data?
How does AI Dungeon encrypt player data?
Data encryption is an important piece of our strategy to protect players' privacy. As you would expect, AI Dungeon encrypts player data, including the text of adventures.
However, using an AI Language model creates some unique constraints on encryption strategies, so there are some nuances in how encryption can work with an AI experience like AI Dungeon.
AI language models must be sent prompts in plain text. This means that any encrypted story data that is going to be passed to the language model must first be decrypted to use with AI. This is true for ALL AI-based services, including AI Dungeon and other platforms similar to ours.
When data is encrypted, a key is required to unlock that data. Without a key, we wouldn't be able to display your adventure text, it would be rendered as gibberish. We also wouldn't be able to send text to the AI for generating the next part of an adventure.
The encryption key can be stored locally (on your device) or remotely (on the server). Most consumer applications, including AI Dungeon, store the encryption key on the server.
Other platforms use local storage for their encryption keys, since storing it locally makes unauthorized access to data more difficult, in theory. Local keys are more difficult to access, but that doesn't eliminate the need to transmit plain text to the AI model. As was mentioned earlier, AI requires plain text. That means plain text data is still being transmitted between the player's device and the AI servers. Since text is decrypted before going to the AI server, whether the key is stored locally or on a server, we feel the additional security benefit of client-side key storage is minimal, but also comes with some important tradeoffs.
Local key storage has negative tradeoffs. For instance, if you forget your username or password, you'll lose access to your data permanently. Thousands of our players would have permanently lost access to their accounts and stories if we had used local keys. Local key storage also introduces complications in supporting multiple devices on a single account.
Because of these tradeoffs, we've decided that server side storage of encryption keys best serves the needs of our players. It let's us help players recover their data if a password is forgotten, and it also makes it easier for us to support native applications for iOS and Android.
We may consider adding client side key storage as an option for players who understand the risks and tradeoffs.
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Cafe Inquiry
Tuesday, April 23rd 2013 at 7:00 pm
Tuesday, April 23rd 2013 at 9:00 pm
Hill Center DC, 921 Pennsylvania Ave SE (Eastern Market Metro), Washington, DC 20003
Note Location: We will be in Elizabeth Haines and Harrier Jacobs Rooms. Entrance is on 9th St SE. Elevator access available. Overflow room available in case of higher turnout to ensure all attendees receive adequate opportunities to participate.
Cafe Inquiry is our monthly casual get-together to meet people and discuss topics of science and humanism.
This month's discussion: What is more important in human experience, reason or emotion?
While reason and emotion have been traditionally framed as opposites in both science and philosophy, recent research in both fields is finding that emotions are a key factor in creating rational thought. If emotions play a bigger role in our lives than previously thought, what does that mean for us as atheists/secular humanists who tend to prize reason over emotion?
In addition, much public policy is based on the idea that people are rational actors. If we are driven more by emotions than rationality, where does that leave social and economic policies that treat people as rational actors?
Are reason and emotions at odds with each other? How should we, as secular humanists/atheists, conceptualize the relationship between reason and emotion?
We also recommend watching a video of neuroscientist Antonio Demasio talking about the newly discovered importance of emotion in shaping human reasoning capabilities.
We are also planning to go out for food and/or drinks afterwards. Free and open to the public.
Interested in leading a discussion or have someone to recommend? Please contact us at dc[at]centerforinquiry.net.


Home arrow Blog arrow Autoload in complex systems
Autoload in complex systems
It's very tedious keeping track of code modules, and the PHP 5 ability to autoload them is a great boon. But in a complex system, such as a CMS, multiple software applications have to coexist, and this places demands on autoload techniques. In some environments, the system autoloader must come last.
We'll fix that in a moment, but first let's review where we are. The first implementation of autoload in PHP 5 was a simple function with a special name "__autoload". That proved valuable but was inflexible because only a single autoload system could be implemented since functions are global and so there can be only one __autoload function.
With PHP 5.1.2 came the spl_autoload set of functions that provided for a whole bunch of autoload functions to be registered, each with an arbitrary name and the possibility of being a method, static or not, as an alternative to a function. The manual refers to them as a "stack" but that can be misleading. The first to be registered will be called first when a class is not found, and so on up to the last to be registered, or until the class is found and the answer "true" given by an autoload function.
So far so good. Some systems (such as Joomla 1.5) use the old __autoload function. But any use of spl_autoload_register will disable the __autoload function. People have got round this by a somewhat standard technique of adding (if present) the __autoload function. So, some typical code might be:
spl_autoload_register('myClass', 'myAutoloadMethod');
if (function_exists('__autoload')) spl_autoload_register('__autoload');
Now multiple applications may be doing this, and if the order in which the autoloaders are called does not matter, then the code above works fine. But in a CMS like Joomla, it is important that the system autoloader be called last. This is because other autoloaders may perform actions that do not load the class, but provide information to the CMS to enable the CMS autoloader to do the actual loading. That technique will not work unless the CMS autoloader is called last.
Reflecting on the code above and the way spl_autoload_register works tells us that if the code is used more than once, the CMS autoloader will not remain last. The first use of the code will work. But the second time it is called, the new autoloader is added to the end of the list. Because the CMS autoloader is already in the list, the second call to spl_autoload_register does not do anything, since the PHP function is smart enough to ignore requests to add functions already registered.
And if a CMS like that is modernised (as is happening with Joomla 1.6) so that it uses spl_autoload_register itself, then the code above will fail to keep the CMS autoloader at the end of the list, even the first time it is used.
With PHP 5.3 we could easily get round the problem because an additional parameter to spl_autoload_register will tell it to put the new autoloader at the start of the list, instead of the default action of adding it to the end. But we don't all have the luxury of being able to assume our code will run with PHP 5.3.
So for an environment where the original autoloader needs to be kept at the end, slightly more elaborate code is needed:
$myautoloader = array('myClass', 'myAutoloadMethod');
// Ensure that the system autoload function remains the last in the "stack"
// Find registered autoload functions and unregister them
$already = spl_autoload_functions();
foreach ($already as $func) spl_autoload_unregister($func);
// Register my autoload function as the first and then re-register the others
spl_autoload_register($myautoloader);
foreach ($already as $func) spl_autoload_register($func);
// and then use original __autoload if it exists
// - if already registered it will be ignored
if(function_exists("__autoload")) {
 spl_autoload_register("__autoload");
}
Apart from the first line, which defines the autoloader to be added, the rest of the code is standard and can be used unaltered. (Provided the variables $already and $func do not clash with anything in the existing code!)
#128008 • 07/12/2010 9:32am by Martin Brampton • Vote: Up votes (338) Down votes (186)


DockManager.VisibilityChanged Event
Fires after the visible state of any dock panel owned by the dock manager has been changed.
Namespace: DevExpress.XtraBars.Docking
Assembly: DevExpress.XtraBars.v20.1.dll
Declaration
[DXCategory("Docking")]
public event VisibilityChangedEventHandler VisibilityChanged
<DXCategory("Docking")>
Public Event VisibilityChanged As VisibilityChangedEventHandler
Event Data
The VisibilityChanged event's data class is VisibilityChangedEventArgs. The following properties provide information specific to this event:
Property Description
OldVisibility Gets the previous visible state of the panel.
Panel Gets the processed dock panel. Inherited from DockPanelEventArgs.
Visibility Gets the current visible state of the panel.
Remarks
A panel's visible state is specified by its DockPanel.Visibility property. Changing this property's value raises the VisibilityChanged event. This event is fired either when end-users close or show dock panels or when they enable or disable their auto hide functionality.
This event handler receives a parameter of the VisibilityChangedEventArgs type. It allows the previous and current visible states of the panel to be determined. The panel whose visible state has been changed is identified by the event parameter's DockPanelEventArgs.Panel property.
See Also


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HSBC Bank International's "Expat Explorer Survey" was done to find out what countries are favorable for expatriates, how well they adjust to local conditions and how well they become friends with the locals.
The study surveyed 2,155 expats from 48 countries spanning four continents early this year. The respondents were asked to rate the country in four categories: Ability to befriend locals; whether they joined local community groups; those who learned the local language; and those who bought any local property.
About 95 per cent of respondents said Canada is the most welcoming country of all; Germany came next with 92 per cent; and Australia was third with 91 per cent. The United Arab Emirates finished last in the survey and was found to be the most difficult for expats, as only 54 per cent were able to make friends with locals.
American respondents found Canada to be the most favorable country; language is not an issue except in French parts of Canada, low government corruption and cultural diversity all made it easy for them to settle in Canada, according to Patricia Linderman, editor of Tales from a Small Planet, an online newsletter for expats.


text:
KARACHI: In a bid to avoid flooding after rains in Karachi, authorities are toying with an idea to build underground rainwater storage facilities in the city as one of several other proposals to prevent the metropolis from witnessing the crisis after every heavy downpour, it emerged on Monday.
The consultative process for addressing the problem of flooding due to rains in the city was initiated and a meeting of all stakeholders in this connection was held here in Karachi to find out a solution on permanent basis, said a Sindh Flood Emergency Rehabilitation Project (SFERP) statement.
"The rainwater causes urban flooding, creating problems including health, drainage and loss of property besides creating traffic issues in the city," it said.
"The meeting discussed the idea of flood water to be reused for non-potable purposes such as gardening and firefighting by constructing underground storage water tanks, which will also help in prevention of urban flooding in Karachi."
"Discussion regarding use of storm water for recharging the ground water/water table was also focused. It was also highlighted by the participants that ground water depletion has become a major issue and some areas of Karachi do not have sweet water due to ground water depletion," it said.
The project implementation unit of SFERP, the statement added, intended to hire a consultancy firm to conduct a feasibility study for the underground storm water storage facilities aimed at flood prevention within the Karachi Division.
"The firm so engaged will be tasked to identify locations where inundation events have occurred in the recent past and propose construction of underground storm water storage tanks," it added.
Special Secretary-Planning Zubair Channa told Dawn that there were enough open places in the city where wells could be made to store rain water.
He said two or three places in district Central were earlier used for storing rain water some 20 years ago. "These facilities still exist, but are not being used," he said, adding that a study would be conducted to use these facilities to prevent urban flooding.
Published in Dawn, February 27th, 2024


Documentation
isLocked
System object: comm.HDLCRCGenerator
Package: comm
Locked status for input attributes and nontunable properties
Syntax
L = isLocked(H)
Description
L = isLocked(H) returns the locked status, L, of the HDL CRC Generator System object™, H.
isLocked returns a logical value that indicates whether input attributes and nontunable properties for the object are locked. The object performs an internal initialization the first time that you execute step. This initialization locks nontunable properties and input specifications, such as the dimensions, complexity, and data type of the input data. After locking, isLocked returns a true value.
Input Arguments
H
HDL CRC Generator System object
Output Arguments
L
Logical value. Either 1 (true) or 0 (false).
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As society becomes increasingly aware of the importance of mental health and self-care, innovative trends like wellness travel napping retreats are gaining prominence. These napping retreats in wellness tourism represent oases of calm, specifically designed to promote relaxation and rejuvenation through sleep. Providing a respite from daily life's noise, these sanctuaries offer visitors a unique opportunity to recharge through scientifically-backed rest techniques, including power napping.
The Rise of Wellness Travel Napping Retreats
In the evolving domain of wellness travel, there's a notable shift towards experiences that offer more than physical relaxation. Emotional and psychological well-being is gaining priority, with the trend of napping retreats in health travel serving as a testament to this shift. These retreats, rooted in research on the benefits of power naps, have become a sought-after escape for wellness travel enthusiasts, looking for a blend of rest and restoration.
Nestled in serene locations, these revitalizing sleep retreats for wellness range from tranquil beachfronts to secluded mountain hideaways. Often combined with practices like meditation and yoga, they offer a holistic approach to disconnecting from the hustle of daily routines.
Understanding the Science Behind Wellness Travel Napping Retreats
Before diving into the experience of napping retreats, it's essential to understand the science behind napping. Studies have shown that napping can improve memory, decrease stress, and even reduce the risk of heart disease. A power nap—typically around 20 to 30 minutes—can boost alertness and performance without leaving you feeling groggy or interfering with nighttime sleep patterns.
These retreats also address the psychological benefits of napping. They promote a healthier work-leisure balance, treating rest not as a luxury but a necessity for well-being, a core principle in restorative napping sanctuaries in travel.
What to Expect at a Wellness Travel Napping Retreat
Visitors to wellness travel napping retreats can expect environments designed for optimal rest. These retreats feature comfortable, sleep-inducing spaces like hammocks, canopy beds, or soundproof pods, equipped with sleep aids such as eye masks and weighted blankets, ensuring the best possible napping conditions.
These retreats often incorporate a variety of sleep-centric amenities and activities. Here's a snapshot of what one might encounter:
 - Sleep Workshops: Tailored sessions on improving sleep quality and managing sleep disorders, an integral aspect of the trend of napping retreats in health travel.
 - Guided Relaxation: Techniques like progressive muscle relaxation or deep breathing prepare the body and mind for rest, a highlight in revitalizing sleep retreats for wellness.
 - Circadian Rhythm Alignment: Activities are scheduled to align with the body's natural sleep-wake cycle, emphasizing exposure to natural light and the right balance of activity and rest.
 - Culinary Focus on Sleep: Meals are crafted to promote sleep, featuring ingredients known to enhance restfulness, such as magnesium-rich greens or tart cherry juice.
 - Digital Detox: To ensure a complete disconnection from stressors, these retreats often encourage or enforce a digital detox, limiting exposure to electronic devices that can disrupt sleep patterns.
The Unique Benefits of Wellness Travel
The shift towards napping retreats in wellness tourism is marked by the unique benefits they offer. By removing individuals from their typical stress-inducing environments and placing them in settings focused on well-being, these retreats provide structured rest. The presence of sleep coaches and wellness experts at these retreats allows for professional guidance, which can be transformative in enhancing one's relationship with sleep.
Who Can Benefit from a Napping Retreat?
Wellness travel napping retreats cater to a broad audience. Whether you're a sleep-deprived parent, an athlete seeking improved recovery, or a creative professional needing to recharge, these retreats offer a universal solution for enhancing well-being through rest. They represent an opportunity for diverse groups to learn how to harness the rejuvenating power of napping.
Combining Napping with Other Wellness Practices
Napping retreats often intertwine rest with other wellness practices to enrich the experience. For example, participants might engage in gentle yoga to stretch out the body and promote relaxation before a nap. Mindfulness and meditation sessions can also complement napping, teaching visitors how to quiet the mind to fall asleep more easily.
These retreats might also include educational components about the relationship between exercise, diet, and sleep, providing a holistic approach to wellness that extends beyond the retreat itself.
The Future of Napping Retreats
As the wellness industry evolves, the future of wellness travel napping retreats looks bright. With an increasing body of research supporting the benefits of napping and growing consumer interest in self-care, these retreats are set to become a staple in wellness travel. Cutting-edge technology, such as nap pods and sleep cycle monitoring apps, and partnerships with corporate entities for employee wellness are areas where these retreats are expanding.
Some retreats are experimenting with cutting-edge technology, like nap pods that create the perfect environment for a restful sleep or apps that monitor sleep cycles to wake the napper at the optimal time. Others are exploring partnerships with corporate entities, offering company retreats focused on boosting employee well-being and productivity through rest.
Conclusion: Embracing Rest through Wellness Travel
Wellness travel napping retreats represent a significant development in wellness tourism, offering a sanctuary for those seeking to escape daily pressures and invest in health through rest. They provide a transformative experience that improves mental, emotional, and physical well-being, set in serene and beautiful environments.
As we continue to recognize sleep's role in health, these retreats will likely become an essential component of wellness travel. They offer a unique and essential contribution: the profound power of rest, inviting us to rethink our relationship with sleep and embrace rest as a crucial part of a balanced, healthy life.
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The classic activity arch has been further developed by the Done by Deer design team and the result is the award winning activity gym.
An innovative take on the classic activity center lead to a much more flexible and unique activity gym that does not require a baby blanket to stand – it can stand freely anywhere.
Because of the flexible design, you have several options on how to use it for your baby.
5 ways to use the activity gym
The activity gym differs from the classical baby gyms due to its free-standing and flexible design.
Here are 5 ways to use it for different situations:
- Put the activity gym in your baby's play pen and surround your baby with Deer friends.
- Place the activity gym over the baby nest and let your baby have a wonderful time studying all the toys.
- Use the gym on the changing table and nappy changes will be more fun.
- Encourage tummy time and practice crawling skills on the floor.
- Bring the gym outside on a lovely day and let your little one take part in gardening life.
Stimulation of baby's senses
The baby's senses are stimulated by the noises, the different textures and the contrasting colours incorporated into the three toys.
Width and height of the Activity Gym can easily be adjusted, an innovative feature that helps babies reach the eye catching toys and a hanging mirror.
A mirror on one leg of the arch and a soft patch on the other attract the attention of little eyes and fingers as well.
Award winning design
Because of the innovative features the Activity gym won the international Red Dot Design Award in 2016.
For the Activity gym the statement by the jury was:
"With its flexible design, the activity gym is an innovative variant of the classical centre."
The Activity Gym not only sparks the imagination of the little ones but is also a modern design piece in the home.
The classy toned-down colour of the arch makes it the perfect match for the design conscious family.
The Activity Gym is soft and safe for babies to play with, it stands firmly on its two feet and being flexible in design it is no problem to store away, move around or bring along when going places.


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Honor for and remembrance of Old Willow is perpetuated by the Mount Nittany Conservancy, sharing stories and memories of this beautiful tree and symbol of both Penn State's past and our hope for the future. As Penn State's first and most historic symbol, it forever holds a special place of significance in the life of this community, and particularly in understanding student life and traditions of Penn State's first century and more.
Old Willow, a Penn State Heritage Tree
Spencer McCullough, a Ben Novak Fellow, created this short film in 2017 on Penn State's Heritage Trees and Groves program, of which Old Willow is a part:
Professor I. Thornton Osmond's 1923 Letter
Old Willow, Monarch of the Campus
Ben Novak's "Old Willow, Monarch of the Campus", a mid-1990s remembrance of Old Willow as Penn State's first symbol and oldest student tradition, sparked a remembrance of Old Willow and the recognition of Old Willow's fourth generation near Old Main on Pattee Mall:
Katey and Ross Lehman's 1966 Remembrance
The following originally appeared in the Centre Daily Times, in Katey and Ross Lehman's "Open House" column.
Many persons pass by the "Old Willow" on the mall of the University campus without giving it a second glance… yet this tree is a signal of Penn State spirit to many alumni.
This was illustrated by Penn State's Class of 1921, which held its 45th reunion here last weekend and also paid tribute to the "Old Willow" at its banquet. The class distributed some literature about the history of the tree, and here's a good opportunity to acquaint you with some of the background.
The "Old Willow" was planted in 1858 or 1859, but there are various claims as to who planted it.
One story reports that Professor William G. Waring, the first superintendent of farm and grounds, was responsible. He "laid out the grounds, planted the first orchards, gave the first landscape touches of ornament and plan to the campus."
Another claim is that Lemuel Osman, a young man who worked for the Farm School in the building of the west wing of Old Main, planted it. According to this version, "Old Willow" was an offshoot of trees that grew at Centre Furnace, and Mr. Osman "brought a sprig that transversed the main road." Some witnesses vouched for its authenticity.
One more interesting story—and as plausible—is that the "Old Willow" was an off-shoot from one at the villa of the poet, Pope, at Twickenham. "It is affirmed that it was brought over by Dr. Evan Pugh, Penn State's first president, when he returned from a six-year sojourn on the Continent and in England." Dr. Pugh did bring materials for the Farmers' High School, and it seems natural that he should wish to transplant a "bit of England" on our pioneer campus… and Professor Waring, quite naturally, could have planted and nurtured the infant tree.
In support of this tradition, Professor I. Thornton Osmond, who retired and moved to Carlisle, wrote a letter to Dr. John Martin Thomas, president of the University in 1923. He wrote, in part: "When I went to State College in 1879, I was told that Dr. Evan Pugh brought a scion from a willow tree on the poet Pope's grounds at Twickenham, which became the beautiful young tree then about 20 years old. I am quite sure that Prof. C. Alfred Smith was one of those who told me this. He graduated in the first class, and was Dr. Pugh's assistant for a time."
The "Old Willow," by this time, had become a thing of beauty to all on campus. As the historian, Dr. Erwin W. Runkle, said, "Let tradition continue to weave kindly strains about the origin of 'Old Willow,' no one who saw it and loved it in its prime will ever forget its beauty and majesty."
On August 21, 1923, a storm hit the campus and "Old Willow" fell. Fortunately, in anticipation of such an event, a shoot from the tree had been planted beside "Old Willow"… and on Alumni Day, June 12, 1921, this new "Old Willow" had been dedicated.
"Old Willow" has been the recipient of boundless sentiment, campus rites, of many poems of praise, and of endless pictures. "The La Vies of 1916 on, contain splendid reproductions, both real and artistic—showing that even in its declining years, it wore the garb of beauty, and continued to hold a genuine place in the hearts of Penn State men as our oldest natural tradition."
It still does, as demonstrated by the Class of 1921 last weekend. And the new "Old Willow," now 54 years old, graces the mall where (according to the Penn State Alumni News in 1923) "today it bids fair to rival in beauty and affection its progenitor."
This is only a sparse recount of the "Old Willow"… but there's one final and new note [sic] at the Class of 1921 banquet, cuttings from the "Old Willow" were distributed to class members, and the tradition of the old tree may spring up in the backyards of alumni throughout the state and nation.
If Pope's words are forgotten, his slip of a willow will not be.


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Wildlife and Habitat
Holm Oak – The Holm Oak is not a native species to the UK. Normally found in Italy on the higher slopes, growing with olives this variety of Oak is also salt spray resistant. It is thought that the abundance of Holm Oak on the estate is due to the fact that branches of the trees were used as primitive bubble wrap inside crates containing marble statues and other treasures brought back by Thomas Coke on his Grand Tour of Europe. After the treasures were removed from their packing the packing material would have been sent for burning. It is totally plausible that seeds from the cut branches would have fallen out and taken root. Once settled the Holm Oak spread around the estate and has been encouraged to colonise the local area.
The brickyard is an area used to encourage the breeding of several species of wild game birds. The main game birds are Pheasant and Partridge but there is also widgeon, teal, and woodcock. The site is managed by Holkham Gamekeepers who control the finely balance ecosystem with modern sustainable practice. The gamekeepers are all very qualified for their coveted positions as "wardens of the countryside."
There are legal traps used to reduce the number of predators like foxes and stoats. The populations of most species are carefully regulated to ensure the birds have an ideal environment to multiply. If you come across any of these traps then please leave them well alone. If you are in any doubt please come and find one of us to help.
There are 4 types of deer found in this part of North Norfolk. All of them use the brickyard as part of a larger highway to get from one area to another. Linking up between the patchwork of fields, hedges and wooded areas provide cover for deer passing through their territory. On the way the deer may stop to take advantage of edible vegetation in season, but their main feeding and breeding grounds are in even more secluded places that the brickyard.
4 types of deer at the brickyard.
- Red deer
- Fallow Deer
- Roe Deer
- Muntjack Deer
Wild Birds and Song Birds
We are blessed with a large variety of birds here at the brickyard. There is an active ringing and population study being carried out here. The following birds have been seen regularly:
Woodpigeon, Great Spotted Woodpecker, Jay, Goldcrest, Blue Tit, Great Tit, Coal Tit, Marsh Tit, Cetti's Warbler, Long-tailed Tit, Chiffchaff, Willow Warbler, Blackcap, Treecreeper, Wren, Blackbird, Song Thrush, Robin, Dunnock, Brambling, Chaffinch, Bullfinch, Greenfinch, Goldfinch, Siskin, Yellowhammer, Magpie, crow, Thrush, Starling, Ring Ouzel, Pied Wagtail
Birds of prey
Marsh Harrier, Red Kite, Barn Owl, Kestrel, Buzzard.


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Census Bureau to resume phased restart to field operations
The U.S. Census Bureau is beginning a phased approach to their field operations for the 2020 population count.
Field activities have already resumed in 247 of the 248 area census offices (ACOs) in the U.S., all of the ACOs in Puerto Rico and the Island Areas.
Additional ACOs will be opening the week of June 8 with a phased restart of operations in Texas, California, Maryland, New Jersey, New York and Virginia.
The ACOs opening June 8 in Texas are in the El Paso and Houston areas.
The Denton County ACO that services Wichita Falls reopened May 25.
Census officials are coordinating with the Navajo Nation on how to have a safe resumption of operations of the ACO in Window Rock, Arizona.
Due to the coronavirus situation, the Census Bureau adjusted their operation in order continue with the household count that is conducted in the U.S. every 10 years.
The Bureau followed the guidance of federal, state and local agencies in order to complete their task while keeping the safety of their employees and the public as the top priority.
As the virus situation changes, the Bureau said they are capable of adjusting start dates for selected operations in each area of the country.
In-person activities, they say, will always incorporate the current guidance from authorities to ensure the health and safety of staff and the public.
The Bureau revised their planned schedule to extend the deadline for online, phone and mailed self-responses through Oct. 31.
The schedule for response from grouped quarters was extended to Sept. 3.
During a normal Census, Bureau employees drop off invitations and paper questionnaires to at least 5 million households in the U.S. Due to the virus, this operation was pushed back one month and select ACOs began opening in phases May 4.
For households that have not responded to the Census questionnaire, follow-up in-person interviews will begin Aug. 11 and continue through Oct. 31.
In-person group quarters counts will begin in July.
The Census Bureau planned to have state population totals (which determine the number seats in the U.S. House of Representatives) to the President's office by the end of December, but that delivery is now set for April 30, 2021.
The Bureau will then deliver local counts for each state needed for legislative redistricting by July 31, 2021.
Official Census Day for 2020 was April 1, when questionnaires were due to be returned.
To date, the national Census response rate is 60.7 percent. The response rate in Texas is about 55 percent with 45 percent of respondents completing the questionnaire online. The current response rate for Texas is about 10 percent less than the final 2010 Census response rate.
Claire Kowalick, a senior journalist for the Times Record News, covers local government, military and MSU Texas. If you have a news tip, contact Claire at _EMAIL_.


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Did you know that driving at 70 km/h in a 60-km/h zone puts a driver at greater risk for a collision involving injury than does driving with a blood alcohol level of.08 g/100ml? The evidence says that the relative risk is 4.2 for the first practice (70 km/h in a 60-km/h zone), compared to 3.2 for the other (.08% alcohol). (Road Speed, p. 13)
In this document you will find a substantial review of the evidence on speeding. Besides presenting data such as those found above, the document points out that we must consider the phenomenon of road speed within a social context. Despite the disturbing realities about speeding, it is seen as a relatively minor type of offense, not comparable ot other, more serious illegal behavour. In addition, it is not just the less frequent instances of extreme speeding which pose a problem. The more common form of road speed (such as travelling at 70 km/h in a 60 zone) is shown to be a significant risk.
This scientific review, produced by the Direction développement des individus et des communautés of the INSPQ (the Institut national de santé publique du Québec - Quebec's public health institute), sets out to:
- Show the dangers to the public caused by road speed, including injuries, pollution, and less pedestrian and cyclist-friendly public spaces;
- Show how road speed reduces drivers' ability to avoid collisions;
- Review the current scientific evidence for the effectiveness of various measures aimed at reducing speed; and
- Develop a set of principles and recommendations for how to reduce road speed in the shorter and longer terms, based on the evidence.
As part of our mandate, the NCCHPP has translated this scientific review into English, so that it may become a resource for a broader group across Canada and internationally.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


debugging linked docker containers when using docker-compose
 - Last Update :
 - Techknowledgy :
If you want to debug in Docker Compose, run the command Docker Compose Up using one of the two Docker Compose files as described in the previous section, and then attach using the appropriate Attach launch configuration. Launching directly using the normal launch configuration does not use Docker Compose.,To use Docker Compose in VS Code using the Docker extension, you should already be familiar with the basics of Docker Compose.,If you already have one or more Dockerfiles, you can add Docker Compose files by opening the Command Palette (⇧⌘P (Windows, Linux Ctrl+Shift+P)), and using the Docker: Add Docker Compose Files to Workspace command. Follow the prompts.,With the docker-compose files, you can now specify port mappings in the docker-compose files, rather than in the .json configuration files. For examples, see the Docker Compose documentation.
Configure the debugging port in docker-compose.debug.yml. This is set when you create the file, so you might not need to change it. In the example below, port 9229 is used for debugging on both the host and the container.
 version: '3.4'
 services:
 node - hello:
 image: node - hello
 build: .
 environment:
 NODE_ENV: development
 ports:
 -3000 -
 9229: 9229
 command: node--inspect = 0.0 .0 .0: 9229 . / bin / www
Here's an example that shows the Node.js launch configuration - Attach:
 "configurations": [{
 "type": "node",
 "request": "attach",
 "name": "Docker: Attach to Node",
 "remoteRoot": "/usr/src/app",
 "port": 9229 // Optional; otherwise inferred from the docker-compose.debug.yml.
 },
 // ...
 ]
You'll be prompted to choose the host machine (for example, localhost) and port you want to use for debugging. The default debugging port for Python is 5678. If you have multiple apps, you need to change the port for one of them, so that each app has a unique port. You can point to the right debugging port in the launch.json, and save the file. If you omit this, the port will be chosen automatically.
 "configurations": [{
 "name": "Python: Remote Attach",
 "type": "python",
 "request": "attach",
 "port": 5678,
 "host": "localhost",
 "pathMappings": [{
 "localRoot": "${workspaceFolder}",
 "remoteRoot": "/app"
 }]
 }
Right-click on the docker-compose.debug.yml file (example shown below) and choose Compose Up.
version: '3.4'
services:
 pythonsamplevscodedjangotutorial:
 image: pythonsamplevscodedjangotutorial
build:
 context: .
dockerfile: . / Dockerfile
command: ["sh", "-c", "pip install debugpy -t /tmp && python /tmp/debugpy --wait-for-client --listen 0.0.0.0:5678 manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8000 --nothreading --noreload"]
ports:
 -8000: 8000 -
 5678: 5678
VS Code tries to copy vsdbg from the host machine to the target container using a default path. You can also provide a path to an existing instance of vsdbg in the Attach configuration.
 "netCore": {
 "debuggerPath": "/remote_debugger/vsdbg"
 }
To skip this step, specify the container name in the Attach configuration in launch.json:
 "containerName": "Your ContainerName"
Suggestion : 2
For more info see the documentation
app1:
 command: python app.py
build: app1 /
 net: 'host'
app2:
 command: python app.py
build: app2 /
 net: 'host'
Additionally you should start your app1 in daemon mode and app2 in the foreground mode for debugging purposes:
docker - compose up - d app1
docker - compose run app2
Suggestion : 3
06/07/2022
(.NET Core 3 and later only) Editing your code and refreshing the running site as described in this section is not enabled in the default templates in .NET Core >= 3.0. To enable it, add the NuGet package Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Razor.RuntimeCompilation. In Startup.cs, add a call to the extension method IMvcBuilder.AddRazorRuntimeCompilation to the code in the ConfigureServices method. You only need this enabled in DEBUG mode, so code it as follows:
public IWebHostEnvironment Env {
 get;
 set;
}
public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services) {
 IMvcBuilder builder = services.AddRazorPages();
 #if DEBUG
 if (Env.IsDevelopment()) {
 builder.AddRazorRuntimeCompilation();
 }
 #endif
 // code omitted for brevity
}
Modify the Startup method as follows:
public Startup(IConfiguration configuration, IWebHostEnvironment webHostEnvironment) {
 Configuration = configuration;
 Env = webHostEnvironment;
}
Add the following HTML content to the end of the file, and then save the changes.

Hello from a Docker container!

In the output window, when the .NET build is finished and you see the following lines, switch back to your browser and refresh the page:
Now listening on: http: //*:80
 Application started.Press Ctrl + C to shut down.
Replace the contents of the OnGet method with the following code:
 ViewData["Message"] = "Your application description page from within a container";
Replace the contents of the Main method with the following code:
 System.Console.WriteLine("Hello, world!");
Suggestion : 4
The above command would both start your application with the debug profile enabled. Using the docker-compose.yml file above, this would start the services backend, db and phpmyadmin.,The core services of your application should not be assigned profiles so they will always be enabled and automatically started.,Services without a profiles attribute will always be enabled, i.e. in this case running docker compose up would only start backend and db.,This allows one to define additional services in a single docker-compose.yml file that should only be started in specific scenarios, e.g. for debugging or development tasks.
version: "3.9"
services:
 frontend:
 image: frontend
profiles: ["frontend"]
phpmyadmin:
 image: phpmyadmin
depends_on:
 -db
profiles:
 -debug
backend:
 image: backend
db:
 image: mysql
$ docker compose--profile debug up
$ COMPOSE_PROFILES = debug docker compose up
$ docker compose--profile frontend--profile debug up
$ COMPOSE_PROFILES = frontend, debug docker compose up
version: "3.9"
services:
 backend:
 image: backend
db:
 image: mysql
db - migrations:
 image: backend
command: myapp migrate
depends_on:
 -db
profiles:
 -tools
# will only start backend and db
$ docker compose up - d
# this will run db - migrations(and -
 if necessary - start db)
# by implicitly enabling profile 'tools'
$ docker compose run db - migrations
version: "3.9"
services:
 web:
 image: web
mock - backend:
 image: backend
profiles: ["dev"]
depends_on:
 -db
db:
 image: mysql
profiles: ["dev"]
phpmyadmin:
 image: phpmyadmin
profiles: ["debug"]
depends_on:
 -db


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There are various types of traditional bonsai styles, such as formal upright, informal upright, cascade, and semi-cascade. You can find these eye catching bonsai here on Send Plants under "Plants by type".
The formal upright style represents the idealized image of a full-sized tree growing in nature. It features a straight, upright trunk with branches that gradually decrease in size as they ascend the tree. The composition of the bonsai is symmetrical and balanced, reflecting stability, strength, and a formal aesthetic.
The informal upright style aims to capture the natural, organic growth patterns of trees found in nature. The trunk exhibits gentle curves and slight bends, giving the tree a more relaxed and informal appearance. The branches are arranged asymmetrically, reflecting the irregularities of nature.
The cascade style is visually striking, representing a tree growing on the edge of a cliff or steep slope. The trunk cascades downward below the container's rim, sometimes even reaching the ground. The branches typically extend in a downward direction, often featuring elegant curves and dramatic foliage. This style evokes a sense of drama, movement, and the resilience of trees growing in challenging conditions.
Semi-Cascade (Han-Kengai): The semi-cascade trunk may have a gentle slant or curve, extending beyond the rim of the pot but not reaching the ground. The branches can be arranged in a balanced or asymmetrical manner, giving the tree a sense of dynamism and vitality. This style represents adaptability and the ability to withstand environmental challenges while maintaining a sense of balance.


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In this paper, we propose a novel method for normal texture editing based on shading maps. The presented method can be applied on both photo-realistic rendering and non-photorealistic rendering (NPR). By introducing shading interval constraints, the normal texture editing problem is characterized by a quadratic programming approach, which can be accelerated by GPU techniques. Experiments are presented, showing that for a 1024×1024 size normal texture, the computation costs only 3.6 milliseconds. The experimental results show that our proposed method is user-friendly and can be performed in real-time.
normal map; real-time editing; GPU; shape from shading; internal constraints


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Our Reminiscence Interactive Therapy Activities (RITA) technology is aimed at augmenting the care delivered to older people, those living with Dementia, Mental Health conditions, acute brain injuries and learning difficulties as a means of supporting them, reducing their agitation, isolation, depression and delirium. We have now supplied RITA to over 1000 care facilities across the UK including hospitals (Acute MH & Community), care homes, hospices, CCG's and Councils.
Whilst the primary purpose of RITA is to enhance quality of life and wellbeing; the bi-product outcomes of using RITA cannot be ignored. These outcomes continue to be reported and include:
- Has contributed to a reduction in falls by up 76.9%
- Reduced 1:1, 2:1 & 3:1 - High cost care packages
- Supports dementia care mapping
- Significant reduction in anti-psychotic and sleeping medication
- Reduced LOS
- Reduced Delayed Transfers of Care
- Dramatically increased patient, family and staff experience
- Significant improvements in patients with dementia that are unable to sleep
- Supports dignity, respect and wellbeing for patients at the end of life
- Clinically led, improving the quality of patient-centred care
- Improved CQC & Family & Friends results
- Less safeguarding incidents
- Improved interaction between carers and patient, and relatives and patient
Click here to see how RITA is making an impact at a care system level for STP's & Integrated Care Systems.


Dealing with a disability when driving
The practical and theory tests can be nervous and stressful for anyone but when you have a disability like dyslexia, dyspraxia, partial deafness, partial sight, ME or something else it makes learning to the driver that bit more stressful. None of the previous mentioned disabilities will prevent you from learning to drive but the DSA do need to know if you have a disability before you take your driving test.
Dyslexia and dyspraxia ‚ when booking the theory test you can apply for an extended test and depending on the severity of the dyslexia request that an examiner reads the questions. When booking the theory test you need to send a letter on headed paper from your college, school or doctor. The headed letter can be either faxed to 0300 _PHONE_ or sent by post to The Driving Standards AgencyBooking Department, PO Box 381, Manchester M50 3UW, make sure that your full name and address are included. Someone from the DSA will then contact you within 10 days to arrange your theory test if 10 days pass and you haven't heard anything try calling them on 0300 _PHONE_.
With the practical, the DSA will also have to be informed when booking the test because one of the elements of the test is to drive independently for 10 minutes, therefore, the examiner may choose to give you verbal directions instead of telling you to follow signs to avoid confusion.
Partial sight ‚ this can affect your ability to judge distance and can affect your depth perception, depending on which eye is affected it can also cause problems when reversing. When booking the driving test click on the box asking about disability and change the answer to yes then write on the following page in the space provided that you have problems with vision again depending on the severity of the problem they may ask for a note from your doctor.
Partial deafness ‚ When the examiner is giving instruction if you are unable to hear him/her clearly then you may make mistakes or miss stop junctions as you are trying to second guess the instruction. Inform DSA when you book the test so they can make a note on the test sheet for the examiner test also inform the examiner before the test commences. He/she will then give you earlier and louder instruction and may even use his hands to help direct you.
When driving occasionally people forget where left and right are with so much else going on its an easy thing to forget the examiners are aware of this and when informed they will use their hands to point which direction to take as well as give you the verbal direction this makes your life and their life so much easier.
With other disabilities like ME, early-stage MS or anything else you think might affect your ability to drive sure when booking your test you inform the DSA and they make a note of it on the test paper so the examiner is fully aware, it could make all the difference.
+44 07983554711
Please send me a whatsapp message if I am unable to pickup your call.
+44 07983554711
Contact Us


text:
Variable vertical pointing linear column module
It can quickly expand the vertical pointing angle to adapt to various occasions
The vbc8d with a height of 0.97M contains eight 3-inch low distortion NdFeB full frequency units, which are divided into four independent unit groups, each equipped with a separate DSP processing channel and class D amplifier. The vertical pointing angle can be rapidly expanded by pressing the key, and the expansion angles are 10 °, 20 °, 30 ° and 40 ° respectively, which can effectively meet the requirements of minimum sound pressure change coverage between different lifting heights and different listening surfaces, and more widely adapt to the needs of different sound reinforcement sites.
Optimal speech intelligibility and uniform coverage
The frequency response range of single voice column module can reach 76hz-20khz. By optimizing the frequency above 300Hz by FIR EQ, vbc8d can effectively keep the response smooth and phase consistent in the sensitive frequency band of human ear, so as to obtain the best speech intelligibility. The maximum sound pressure level of 94db can be obtained at the position of 16m with vbc8d single voice column module, which can meet the standard requirements for direct sound coverage of most venues whose main function is meeting demand.
Vbc8d supports the connection and expansion of two sound column modules to become a medium-sized sound column with a height of 1.94 meters. It can effectively improve the 6dB axial sound pressure level and narrow the vertical directivity of frequencies above 300Hz, so as to reduce the reflected energy of the ceiling in high reverberation places, and improve the sound pressure coverage uniformity and language clarity of the listening surface.
Unique algorithm and box physical structure ensure optimal performance
The vbc8d scalable vertical pointing active voice column module combines precise physical structure design and accurate DSP algorithm, and the high-precision phase algorithm is accurate to microsecond level units, which effectively solves the problems of obvious reduction of sound pressure level and obvious deterioration of sound quality of ordinary scalable vertical directivity products after extended directivity.
Equipped with Dante interface, easy system management
Users can enjoy the advantages of Dante technology, including multi-channel audio transmission and control using a single Ethernet cable, and easy discovery, setup and management of devices.
|Speaker type||Variable vertical pointing linear column module|
|Transducer||8 x 3" neodymium magnetic unit, 0.75" voice coil|
|Frequency response (-10dB)||76Hz-20kHz|
|Vertical beam angle||10°，20°，30°，40°|
|Maximum sound pressure level @1M (peak)||125dB|
|Dynamic range (with power amplifier)||>113dB(A)|
|deal with||FIR linear phase filter & IIR filter|
|System time lag||4.125ms|
|Maximum output power||600W DClass power amplifier|
|Analog audio input|
1 x XLR balanced input
1 x XLR balanced connection
|Digital audio input|
1 x RJ45 Dante input
1 x RJ45 Dante connection
|AC power connector|
1 x PowerCON 20 I
N1 x PowerCON 20 OUT
|AC power consumption||Standby<0.5W, static: <10W, maximum: 150W|
|Outer box||Powder-coated aluminum housing|
|Net cover||Powder-coated steel grille|
|Indicator light||Sig, Lim, PK, Preset|
|Operating temperature range (environment)||0°-50°|
|surroundings||Can only be used indoors|
|Ease data||Launched in April 2021|
|size||968 x 115 x 150mm|


text: The Manning equation is one of the most widely used formulae for calculating the velocity of shallow overland flow in hydrological and erosion models. Precise estimation of the Manning's friction coefficient (n) is critical to determining overland flow and soil erosion processes. Few studies have been conducted to quantify the effects of sediment load on Manning's n on steep slopes. This study was conducted to investigate the potential effects of sediment load on Manning's n in a flume with a fixed bed, under wide ranges of hydraulics and sediment loads. Slope gradient varied from 8·7 to 34·2%, unit flow rate from 0·66 to 5·26 × 10−3 m2 s−1, and sediment load from 0 to 6·95 kg m−1 s−1. The Reynolds number ranged from 350 to 5899. Results showed that Manning's n varied in both sediment-free and sediment-laden flows ranging from 0·012 to 0·055. The apparent Manning's coefficients of sediment-laden flow were much greater than those of sediment-free flow. The mean Manning coefficient of sediment-laden flow was 51·27% greater than the mean value of sediment-free flow. For sediment-laden flow, Manning's n could be estimated with a power function of unit flow discharge and sediment content. Further studies are needed to quantify the potential effects of sediment load on the Manning's n on erodible beds and in fields. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


text:
Reflections from the Trademark Scholars Roundtable
In this volume are published works reflect the conversations from the Fourth Trademark Scholars Roundtable at DePaul University in 2012. The Trademark Scholars Roundtable participants discussed a wide range of approaches to understanding and limiting the ever-increasing sprawl of trademark rights.
Reflections on the Patent Scope Revisited Conference
This issue focuses on vehicles external to the patent system and the impact that they may have on determining scope of rights for patents. Included in this issue are conversations about the perceived formalistic behavior of the Federal Circuit and argument for courts to consider extrinsic evidence for interpretation of claim construction, giving way to policy considerations of productive directions for patent scope.


Retrieving the Two Code Groups
[Blog Map] [Table of Contents] [Next Topic]
There are two groups of paragraphs in our document that are styled as "Code". The first group contains the C# code that we want to test. The second group contains a single paragraph that is the output of the code in the first group. Next in the process of formulating our query, we want to retrieve each block of code as a separate group.
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New blog: _URL_
Blog TOCThe problem is, the GroupBy extension method doesn't do what we want. It groups all items together in the collection, regardless of if they are separated by other items. It would join our two groups of code, which we want to keep separate.
For instance, if we amend the code to group the paragraphs, adding one more query to the bottom of our string of queries, as follows:
string defaultStyle =
 (string)styleDoc.Root
 .Elements(w + "style")
 .Where(style =>
 (string)style.Attribute(w + "type") == "paragraph" &&
 (string)style.Attribute(w + "default") == "1")
 .First()
 .Attribute(w + "styleId");

var paragraphs =
 mainPartDoc.Root
 .Element(w + "body")
 .Descendants(w + "p")
 .Select(p =>
 {
 string style = GetParagraphStyle(p);
 string styleName = style == null ? defaultStyle : style;
 return new
 {
 ParagraphNode = p,
 Style = styleName
 };
 }
 );

XName r = w + "r";
XName ins = w + "ins";

var paragraphsWithText =
 paragraphs.Select(p =>
 new
 {
 ParagraphNode = p.ParagraphNode,
 Style = p.Style,
 Text = p.ParagraphNode
 .Elements()
 .Where(z => z.Name == r || z.Name == ins)
 .Descendants(w + "t")
 .StringConcatenate(s => (string)s)
 }
 );

var groupedCodeParagraphs =
 paragraphsWithText.GroupBy(p => p.Style);

foreach (var group in groupedCodeParagraphs)
{
 Console.WriteLine("Group of paragraphs styled {0}", group.Key);
 foreach (var p in group)
 Console.WriteLine("{0} {1}",
 p.Style != null ?
 p.Style.PadRight(12) :
 "".PadRight(12),
 p.Text);
 Console.WriteLine();
}

Then we see:
Group of paragraphs styled Heading1
Heading1 Parsing WordprocessingML with LINQ to XML

Group of paragraphs styled Normal
Normal The following example prints to the console.
Normal This example produces the following output:

Group of paragraphs styled Code
Code using System;
Code
Code class Program {
Code public static void Main(string[] args) {
Code Console.WriteLine("Hello World");
Code }
Code }
Code
Code Hello World

This grouped the "Hello World" with the code, which is not what we want.
As it turns out, there isn't a standard query operator that does exactly what we want. We want an operator that groups only adjacent fields with a common key. So let's write one. In addition to the GroupAdjacent extension method, we need an GroupOfAdjacent class that we can iterate through for each grouping. It only takes a couple dozen lines of code to implement this.
GroupAdjacent is lazy. Until the results are iterated, the source is not iterated.
As the source for each group is iterated, GroupAdjacent populates a List<TSource> with the elements for that group, so it uses somewhat more memory than, say, the Where extension method, which never holds on to objects in the source collection. However, this is the correct behavior: the following code is valid and should give the expected results:
int[] ia = new int[] { 1, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0 };

var groups = ia.GroupAdjacent(i => i);

foreach (var g in groups)
{
 Console.WriteLine("Group {0}", g.Key);
 foreach (var i in g)
 Console.WriteLine(i);

 // it is perfectly valid to iterate through the group more than once.
 foreach (var i in g)
 Console.WriteLine(i);

 Console.WriteLine();
}

To use GroupAdjacent, we pass it a lambda that selects the value that when that value changes, the operator creates a new group. GroupAdjacent then is a sequence of groups, each of which contain a sequence of type T.
The whole program is attached to this page. Here is the listing:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.IO;
using System.Xml;
using System.Xml.Linq;
using DocumentFormat.OpenXml.Packaging;

public class GroupOfAdjacent<TSource, TKey> :
 IEnumerable<TSource>, IGrouping<TKey, TSource>
{
 public TKey Key { get; set; }
 private List<TSource> GroupList { get; set; }

 System.Collections.IEnumerator System.Collections.IEnumerable.GetEnumerator()
 {
 return ((System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable<TSource>)this).GetEnumerator();
 }

 System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerator<TSource>
 System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable<TSource>.GetEnumerator()
 {
 foreach (var s in GroupList)
 yield return s;
 }

 public GroupOfAdjacent(List<TSource> source, TKey key)
 {
 GroupList = source;
 Key = key;
 }
}

public static class LocalExtensions
{
 public static string GetPath(this XElement el)
 {
 return
 el
 .AncestorsAndSelf()
 .Aggregate("", (seed, i) => i.Name.LocalName + "/" + seed);
 }

 public static string StringConcatenate(
 this IEnumerable<string> source)
 {
 return source.Aggregate(
 new StringBuilder(),
 (s, i) => s.Append(i),
 s => s.ToString());
 }

 public static string StringConcatenate<T>(
 this IEnumerable<T> source,
 Func<T, string> projectionFunc)
 {
 return source.Aggregate(
 new StringBuilder(),
 (s, i) => s.Append(projectionFunc(i)),
 s => s.ToString());
 }

 public static IEnumerable<IGrouping<TKey, TSource>> GroupAdjacent<TSource, TKey>(
 this IEnumerable<TSource> source,
 Func<TSource, TKey> keySelector)
 {
 TKey last = default(TKey);
 bool haveLast = false;
 List<TSource> list = new List<TSource>();

 foreach (TSource s in source)
 {
 TKey k = keySelector(s);
 if (haveLast)
 {
 if (!k.Equals(last))
 {
 yield return new GroupOfAdjacent<TSource, TKey>(list, last);
 list = new List<TSource>();
 list.Add(s);
 last = k;
 }
 else
 {
 list.Add(s);
 last = k;
 }
 }
 else
 {
 list.Add(s);
 last = k;
 haveLast = true;
 }
 }
 if (haveLast)
 yield return new GroupOfAdjacent<TSource, TKey>(list, last);
 }
}

class Program
{
 readonly static XNamespace w =
 "_URL_

 public static XDocument LoadXDocument(OpenXmlPart part)
 {
 XDocument xdoc;
 using (StreamReader streamReader = new StreamReader(part.GetStream()))
 xdoc = XDocument.Load(XmlReader.Create(streamReader));
 return xdoc;
 }

 public static string GetParagraphStyle(XElement para)
 {
 return (string)para.Elements(w + "pPr")
 .Elements(w + "pStyle")
 .Attributes(w + "val")
 .FirstOrDefault();
 }

 static void Main(string[] args)
 {
 const string filename = "SampleDoc.docx";

 using (WordprocessingDocument wordDoc =
 WordprocessingDocument.Open(filename, true))
 {
 MainDocumentPart mainPart = wordDoc.MainDocumentPart;
 StyleDefinitionsPart stylePar


text:
Empirical Research Background: In constructing a reading ability scale for English, it was necessary to take the constituent testlets, items grouped within a single reading passage, seriously. That posed interesting and challenging problems for the calibration process. Empirical Research Aims: This paper attempts to show how to use the testlets as the main units for the construction of the reading ability scale. The exercise highlighted issues relating to item level and testlet level invariance, which would be interesting and informative for Rasch model applications. Empirical Research Sample: The sample in the study is around 5000 primary and secondary students in Hong Kong. Empirical Research Method: The scale calibration uses a series of linked reading comprehension tests acorss the full spectrum of the Hong Kong primary and secondary education. A three-facet Rasch model was used with testlets as an intermediate levels between items and students. The main issue to be considered is the selection of linking items across levels, giving due consideration to possible variance between levels and to the need to maintain invariance across the scale. The achievement of the latter will be the use of the anchoring of the testlets, while allowing some linking items to vary within the context of the testlet. Empirical Research RASCH: Multi-faceted Rasch models were used in the scale calibration. The exercise raises interesting issues on the definition of what constitutes a facet versus item grouping. Empirical Research Results: The exercise enabled the construction of a reading ability scale for English in Hong Kong. Empirical Research Conclusions: The reading ability scale provides the basis for tracking student reading ability in English across the full spectrum of education in Hong Kong. It has already been used in Macau and will be used in Taiwan.
|Publication status||Published - Jul 2009|


text:
Definitions for knockdownˈnɒkˌdaʊn
Random House Webster's College Dictionary
capable of knocking something down; overwhelming; irresistible:
a knockdown blow.
constructed of parts that can readily be disassembled and assembled:
Category: Building Trades
offered or acquired for less than the prevailing rate:
Category: Common Vocabulary
(n.)a knockdown object.
an act or instance of knocking down, esp. by a blow.
something that fells or overwhelms.
a reduction or lowering, as in price or number.
Origin of knockdown:
a blow that knocks the opponent off his feet
(furniture) easily assembled and dismantled
"I bought a knockdown chest at the do-it-yourself store"
An act of knocking down or the condition of being knocked down.
An overwhelming blow.
A genetically modified organism that carries one or more genes in its chromosomes that has been made less active or had its expression reduced.
The use of a reagent such as an oligonucleotide with sequence complementary to an active gene or its mRNA transcript, to interfere with the expression of said gene.
The condition of a sailboat being pushed abruptly to horizontal, with the mast parallel to the water surface.
a short pass played downwards, for example from the head onto someone's feet.
powerful enough to overwhelm or knock down
reduced in price
a felling by a knock, as of a combatant, or of an animal
of force sufficient to fell or completely overthrow; as, a knockdown blow; a knockdown argument


text:
Phone Number : 86-_PHONE_
WhatsApp : +8615021631102
August 5, 2021
The hydraulic failure of the hydraulic equipment of the automatic waste paper baler is related to the maintenance conditions of the hydraulic equipment.
The use and maintenance of hydraulic equipment will have a long service life. Taking measures to strengthen the daily maintenance of the hydraulic system will help extend the service life of the hydraulic equipment.
Strengthening the daily maintenance of hydraulic equipment is the fundamental method to prevent hydraulic failure of the automatic waste paper baler.
Regularly or continuously monitor the operating status of the hydraulic equipment of the fully automatic waste paper baler to identify its technical status or hydraulic failure, so that the possibility of hydraulic failure can be eliminated before the hydraulic failure occurs, thereby playing a role in hydraulic failure prevention .
With the development of hydraulic fault diagnosis technology, the hydraulic fault diagnosis manual is used to predict and monitor the hydraulic faults of the hydraulic equipment in operation, which greatly improves the reliability of the hydraulic equipment of the automatic waste paper baler.


text:
The National College of Food Science and Technology is in Lainchour, Kathmandu. It is a constituent body of the NIST Foundation. It was started by a group of scientists and academicians for quality science and technology education and promotion in the country. It equips students with knowledge and skills to face boldly the global challenges of the 21st century. It currently offers a Bachelor of Technology in Food Technology, which is a four-year program affiliated with Tribhuvan University. It has been approved by university grant commissions. This program prepares students of the National College of Food Science and Technology to meet the challenges of quality and safety management in export and emerging customer trends in food technology and culinary experiences. The National College of Food Science and Technology has proper infrastructure, labs, and professional experts from the food industry who are teaching the academic program for bachelor-level students.
Here are reasons to choose the National College of Food Science and Technology:
National College of Food, Science, and Technology (NCFST) also provides scholarships for deserving students so that creative students with financial problems can afford to study.
The facilities offered by National College of Food Science and Technology are:
The various programs at NCFST are as follows:
BTech Food Technology
If you are interested in studying the physical, biological and chemical composition of food as well as getting knowledge in the fundamentals concepts of food processing then B.Tech Food Technology in National College of Food Science and Technology (NCFST) is the right choice for you. For more information on Academic requirements, procedures and other details browse the link forward.


text:
Flood Zone Descriptions: Zone AH
AH Zones are areas of fairly shallow flooding of less than three feet depth. The flooding source of the AH Zones in Palo Alto is overflow from local creeks. The Base Flood Elevation in these areas is expressed as an elevation above sea level.
The largest AH Zone results from overflow from San Francisquito Creek. FEMA's hydraulic models predict creek overtopping in the vicinity of Middlefield Road and Chaucer Street in the event of a one percent (100-year) flood. The overflow water flows downhill (one of the characteristics of Palo Alto's creeks is that their banks are actually higher than the adjacent land so that creek overflow water flows away from its source) and the Base Flood Elevation levels are shown by surface contour lines on the flood maps; the Base Flood Elevation for individual properties must be determined by interpolation. The creek overflow water is expected to flow towards the Embarcadero Road/Oregon Expressway/Bayshore Freeway interchange, and then over the Oregon Expressway and through the Greer Park area.
Because the Greer Park area is also subject to more severe flooding from the Bay, this area is designated as "Zone AE (El. 10.5)" on the flood maps.
The AH Zone was remapped following the February 1998 flood event. During that event, San Francisquito Creek overtopped its banks at multiple locations between Middlefield Road and the Bay, leading to widespread flooding. The San Francisquito Creek Joint Powers Authority (JPA) and its member agencies (Palo Alto, Menlo Park, East Palo Alto, the Santa Clara Valley Water District, and the San Mateo County Flood Control District) are in the process of developing a plan to address the risk of flooding from San Francisquito Creek.
Last Updated: May 18, 2009


Inca Trail Names
Place names on the Inca Trail
Most of the names of places on the Inca Trail were invented by Hiram Bingham, and are unlikely to correspond to the original names used by the Incas. They also reflect Bingham's assumptions about the function or significance of the different locations, which may not always have been accurate.
For these translations, I am indebted to Martina Faller and Iñes Callalli Villafuerte, who were kind enough to provide me with a list of translations in both English and Spanish.
Spanish: Puente Alegre
English: Bridge of Happiness
cusi = happy; chaca = bridge
Spanish: (lugar donde) Se Limpia el Oro con el Viento
English: Gold-sifting Place
q'ori = gold; huayra = wind; -chi = causative; -na = nominalizer
Spanish: Pueblo de escalónes o pueblo alto
English: Step(ped) town or High town
pata = step or stair, or high; llacta = village or town
Spanish: Lugar de Pasto
English: Place of Good Pasture
huaylla = good pasture; bamba = place
Spanish: (lugar donde) Se Hace Ceremoniales
English: Place of Offerings
(etymology uncertain) [1]
Spanish: Mujer Muerta
English: Dead Woman
huarmi = woman; huanusca = dead
Spanish: Rio Escondido
English: Hidden River
mayo = river; pacay = to hide
Spanish: Ruinas Amontonadas
English: Pile of Ruins
runku = piled; racay = derelict house [2]
Spanish: Poblado Pendiente
English: Village (in a) Steep Place
sayac = steep, vertical; marca = village
Spanish: Pueblo Alto en las Nubes
English: Town High in the Clouds
phuyu = cloud; pata = high part; marca = village [3]
Huinay Huayna
Spanish: Joven Para Siempre
English: Forever Young
huinay = forever; huayna = young
Spanish: Puerta del Sol
English: Gateway of the Sun
inti = sun; punku = gate, door [4]
Machu Picchu
Spanish: Cima Vieja
English: Old Peak
machu = old; picchu = peak [5]
Huayna Picchu
Spanish: Cima Joven
English: Young Peak
huayna = young; picchu = peak


text:
Black Bear Sightings on the Rise in Northeast Ohio
A black bear visited Bedford Heights and Solon last week, and these kinds of visits may become more common.
The Bedford Bear isn't alone. More of his friends may be coming to visit in the coming years.
That's because, wildlife officials say, the black bear population in the region is on the rise.
Ohio's Division of Wildlife told the Plain Dealer that the number of bear sightings have increased five fold in the last decade or so, to more than 150 last year. Wildlife officials say there are as many as 100 black bears living in Ohio.
According to the Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Black bears were once prevalent in Ohio, but deforestation and land clearing slashed their population. By 1850, there were no black bears in Ohio.
Because wildlife officials have seen female bears and cubs in Ohio, they know the population is growing.
If you see a bear in the wild (or your backyard), don't approach it. Wildlife officials say people should simply leave the animal alone and let it leave.
"Bears are usually afraid of people," according to a state wildlife website about bears, with an added reminder: "Black bears are protected by Ohio wildlife laws and injuring or killing one is illegal."
Still, you should report the sighting to police, which helps officials track the bears.


Role of Incident Commander Examined at Expo
The initial actions of an incident commander can have a profound effect on the end result of a fire or emergency situation. That's why it's important for any officer pulling on the scene first know what to do and when, says Michael Daley, a lieutenant and training and rescue officer with Monroe Township, N.J.
Coverage of Firehouse Expo 2012
Daley presented a class called "First Due? Then It's Up To You! The Role of the Initial Incident Commander" at the Firehouse Expo in Baltimore.
"Lack of ICS, inadequate risk assessment and lack of accountability are real problems," Daley said, noting that inadequate communications and poor standard operating procedures are also factors in poor results at fire scenes and lost property.
"If you don't know the rules on how to play, how do you go out the door and try to place by the rules," Daley asked rhetorically.
One of the first things an incident commander must decide when arriving on the scene of a working fire is whether to attack the fire offensively or go to a defensive mode, Daley said. The conditions found will dictate which tactic the officer should take.
Remembering the time honored mission of firefighters, to protect life and property, Daley said houses and buildings of today's construction leave very little time for rescue and fire suppression before fire consumes them.
Humans succumb to fire at temperatures about 212 degrees, the temperature at which water boils – a very low temperature when it comes to fire and some buildings can get to a point of flashover in five minutes or less.
Smoke is also extremely toxic when compared to fires in legacy buildings with natural materials and heavy construction, Daley said, noting that an initial incident commander has to determine whether a fire is survivable or not immediately upon arriving to effectively dictate fire attacks.
Daley said it's also important for incident commanders to remain situationally aware at all times, something that is difficult to achieve when an officer is assigned to tasks at a fire scene.
"The IC should give an initial radio report and take 30 seconds or so and do a quick walk around to see what's going on and get his head in the game," Daley said.
After establishing command, giving an initial assessment, first due officers should then develop an action plan and determine if they have sufficient resources to care it out, he said.
Using slides and scenario based situations, Daley walked the class attendees through a sequence of what should happen on a fire scene.
Given a structure fire in a 2,000 square foot residential building, Daley walked the audience through an exercise on how many firefighters it would take to handle the fire on a first alarm.
Based on a thumbnail analysis, the participants decided it would take upwards of 19 firefighters to achieve all the tasks normally assigned at residential house fires.
"How many people in here can get 19 firefighters on a first alarm," Daley asked. Not a single person raised a hand. "That's what I thought."
Given that reality, Daley said the incident commander will have to make decisions based on staffing.
"You might say; 'I've got a lot going on, I don't have a lot of manpower, I'm going to focus on extinguishment,'" Daley said. "You might decide to go to defensive first and then go into an offense." As staffing arrives on the scene, or conditions change, it's good to reassess going offensively or defensively and not being afraid to switch tactics.
"Make a plan and stick with it, but don't be afraid to make adjustments if the situation changes," Daley said. "Make a plan, but keep plans B, C and D in your pocket."
Daley acknowledged that in his years of experience, he's lost a few structures -- its part of the business. But, one should always try to avoid that scenario if possible.
That's why he is a devotee of reading smoke, Daley said. It's a good indicator of how the fire is progressing and what might happen next. As velocity, volume and color changes, it can tell if firefighters are making a successful attack, or if conditions are deteriorating which would dictate a change in strategy.
Officers should also learn to truck their "gut feeling," Daley said. As officers gain more experience, they become aware when things just are not right and when "things aren't going to taste good when it's all done." That instinct shouldn't be ignored, Daley said.
When all is said and done, one of the best things to do is to an after action critique, Daley said.
"Don't be afraid to bash it around a little bit," Daley said. "Critiquing a fire is one of the best ways to learn."
See all of Michael Daley's contributions to Firehouse.


Versión en español
Detalle del códice Nuttall
The confusing name "Chontal"
Oaxaca Chontal and Tabasco Chontal
Two languages are called Chontal. The Chontal spoken in the state of Oaxaca is thought to be part of the Hokan stock, whereas the Chontal spoken in the state of Tabasco is Mayan. The traditional homelands of these languages are indicated on the following map.
Map for languages called Chontal
Oaxaca Chontal, in its highland and lowland varieties (ISO codes clo and chd, respectively), is the last surviving representative of the Tequistlatecan family. Although this family is considered part of the Hokan stock, its relationship to the other Hokan languages (the Yuman languages, perhaps Seri) is so distant that some even doubt whether it should be included in that stock, or should be considered a linguistic isolate.
Tabasco Chontal (ISO code chf) is a language of the Mayan family, spoken in the state of Tabasco by about 45,000 people. It forms a sub-family together with Ch'ol, Tzeltal and Tzotzil (spoken in Chiapas) and Chortí, which is spoken in Guatemala.
The etymology of "Chontal"
The Nahuatl word chontalli (whose root is chontal) means 'foreigner'. The fact that both the Chontales of Oaxaca and those of Tabasco were foreigners to the Nahuatl-speakers explains both why these two languages could be called by the same name, and why the enormous linguistic differences between them could be ignored in so doing. The wonder is that there are not more languages called Chontal today, since all the non-Nahuatl languages would have been as good candidates as these two.


text:
Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center
The saw-whet owl is found throughout North America from southern Alaska and Canada to central Mexico. They inhabit dense coniferous or mixed forests, wooded swamps, and bogs. More migratory than most owls, they winter through and south of their breeding range, the migration being a general southward withdrawal to escape food shortages or extreme cold.
The saw-whet may be a more common winter resident in North Dakota than is believed due to their habit of roosting silently in coniferous trees and being difficult to flush. While a winter visitor for the most part, they have also been known to nest on rare occasions in North Dakota.
Strictly nocturnal, saw-whets prefer coniferous woods in swampy areas. They nest in abandoned woodpecker holes, often those of flickers, and also in natural tree cavities. When hunting, they float silently along edges of open parks and meadows, dropping on their prey in the grass. Their primary food is insects, but they will also eat mice, rats, small squirrels, chipmunks, and occasionally sparrows and juncos.


Emmanuil Evzerikhin
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
The Barmaley Fountain in 1942, photographed by Emmanuil Evzerikhin after the Battle of Stalingrad. It has become his most iconic photograph.
Emmanuil Evzerikhin (Russian - Эммануил Ноевич Евзерихин), (July 22, 1911, Rostov-on-Don - March 28, 1984, Moscow) was a Russian photographer.
He was born in 1911 in Rostov-on-Don. In the late 1930s he worked for «Press Cliche TASS» as a photo chronicler.
In 1934 he moved to Moscow where he was able to photograph all the main events of the era - the congress of the Comintern and the congress of Soviets where the constitution was adopted, constructions, parades and Arctic expeditions. He photographed Maxim Gorky and Mikhail Kalinin and famous pilots Valery Chkalov and Mikhail Gromov.
During World War II he was on a number on fronts but his most famous photographs were taken in Stalingrad. He participated in the liberation of Minsk, Warsaw and Konigsberg.
After the war he taught photography and lectured around the country.
He died in 1984.
Author's book[edit]
Emmanuil Evzerikhin, Ed. PLACETDITIONS, 2007, 392 pages, ISBN 978-5-93332-206-1