General And Administrative Leverage
DEFINITION of 'General And Administrative Leverage'
A variable within a cost benefit analysis of an acquisition where the potential reduction in overall general and administrative expenses of the combined company are considered. Through synergies and cost-saving programs, the general and administrative costs of the combined company often will be considerably less than the sum of the general and administrative costs of the two independent companies. The more the potential savings, the more attractive the acquisition becomes, when all else is equal.
INVESTOPEDIA EXPLAINS 'General And Administrative Leverage'
When valuing an acquisition it is essential that a company accurately value the benefit of a target company's general and administrative leverage. One of the reasons, a company would want to acquire another company is the economies of scale that can be achieved. Subsequently, if the cost savings that have been identified from general and administrative leverage are overestimated, the acquiring company may be worse off after the acquisition. But it is important to note that this is only one aspect of the overall analysis of a potential acquisition.
 1. Acquisition
 2. Economies Of Scale
 3. Synergy
 4. Merger
 5. Acquisition Premium
 6. Target Firm
 1. How can a company resist a hostile takeover?
 Several different defense strategies can be applied by existing corporate boards to ward off a hostile takeover. The most... Read Full Answer >>
 2. How does a letter of intent work in the context of mergers and acquisitions?
 A letter of intent, or LOI, is used to set forth the terms of a proposed merger or acquisition. It is usually the first step... Read Full Answer >>
 3. What happens to the shares of a company that has been the object of a hostile takeover?
 The shares of a company that is the object of a hostile takeover rise. When a group of investors believe management is not... Read Full Answer >>
 4. What are some roles of an investment bank?
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spin-density approximation (LSDA) is a straightforward generalization of the LDA to include electron spin:
E_{\rm XC}^{\rm LSDA}[n_\uparrow,n_\downarrow]=\int\epsilon_{\rm XC}(n_\uparrow,n_\downarrow)n (\vec{r}){\rm d}^3r.
Highly accurate formulae for the exchange-correlation energy density \epsilon_{\rm XC}(n_\uparrow,n_\downarrow) have been constructed from quantum Monte Carlo simulations of jellium.[13]
Generalized gradient approximations[14][15][16] (GGA) are still local but also take into account the gradient of the density at the same coordinate:
E_{XC}^{\rm GGA}[n_\uparrow,n_\downarrow]=\int\epsilon_{XC}(n_\uparrow,n_\downarrow,\vec{\nabla}n_\uparrow,\vec{\nabla}n_\downarrow)
Using the latter (GGA) very good results for molecular geometries and ground-state energies have been achieved.
Potentially more accurate than the GGA functionals are the meta-GGA functionals, a natural development after the GGA (generalized gradient approximation). Meta-GGA DFT functional in its original form includes the second derivative of the electron density (the Laplacian) whereas GGA includes only the density and its first derivative in the exchange-correlation potential.
Functionals of this type are, for example, TPSS and the Minnesota Functionals. These functionals include a further term in the expansion, depending on the density, the gradient of the density and the Laplacian (second derivative) of the density.
Difficulties in expressing the exchange part of the energy can be relieved by including a component of the exact exchange energy calculated from Hartree–Fock theory. Functionals of this type are known as hybrid functionals.
Generalizations to include magnetic fields[edit]
The DFT formalism described above breaks down, to various degrees, in the presence of a vector potential, i.e. a magnetic field. In such a situation, the one-to-one mapping between the ground-state electron density and wavefunction is lost. Generalizations to include the effects of magnetic fields have led to two different theories: current density functional theory (CDFT) and magnetic field density functional theory (BDFT). In both these theories, the functional used for the exchange and correlation must be generalized to include more than just the electron density. In current density functional theory, developed by Vignale and Rasolt,[11] the functionals become dependent on both the electron density and the paramagnetic current density. In magnetic field density functional theory, developed by Salsbury, Grayce and Harris,[17] the functionals depend on the electron density and the magnetic field, and the functional form can depend on the form of the magnetic field. In both of these theories it has been difficult to develop functionals beyond their equivalent to LDA, which are also readily implementable computationally. Recently an extension by Pan and Sahni [18] extended the Hohenberg-Kohn theorem for non constant magnetic fields using the density and the current density as fundamental variables.
In general, density functional theory finds increasingly broad application in the chemical and material sciences for the interpretation and prediction of complex system behavior at an atomic scale. Specifically, DFT computational methods are applied for the study of systems exhibiting high sensitivity to synthesis and processing parameters. In such systems, experimental studies are often encumbered by inconsistent results and non-equilibrium conditions. Examples of contemporary DFT applications include studying the effects of dopants on phase transformation behavior in oxides, magnetic behaviour in dilute magnetic semiconductor materials and the study of magnetic and electronic behavior in ferroelectrics and dilute magnetic semiconductors.[19][20]
In practice, Kohn–Sham theory can be applied in several distinct ways depending on what is being investigated. In solid state calculations, the local density approximations are still commonly used along with plane wave basis sets, as an electron gas approach is more appropriate for electrons delocalised through an infinite solid. In molecular calculations, however, more sophisticated functionals are needed, and a huge variety of exchange-correlation functionals have been developed for chemical applications. Some of these are inconsistent with the uniform electron gas approximation, however, they must reduce to LDA in the electron gas limit. Among physicists, probably the most widely used functional is the revised Perdew–Burke–Ernzerhof exchange model (a direct generalized-gradient parametrization of the free electron gas with no free parameters); however, this is not sufficiently calorimetrically accurate for gas-phase molecular calculations. In the chemistry community, one popular functional is known as BLYP (from the name Becke for the exchange part and Lee, Yang and Parr for the correlation part). Even more widely used is B3LYP which is a hybrid functional in which the exchange energy, in this case from Becke's exchange functional, is combined with the exact energy from Hartree–Fock theory. Along with the component exchange and correlation funсtionals, three parameters define the hybrid functional, specifying how much of the exact exchange is mixed in. The adjustable parameters in hybrid functionals are generally fitted to a 'training set' of molecules. Unfortunately, although the results obtained with these functionals are usually sufficiently accurate for most applications, there is no systematic way of improving them (in contrast to some of the traditional wavefunction-based methods like configuration interaction or coupled cluster theory). Hence in the current DFT approach it is not possible to estimate the error of the calculations without comparing them to other methods or experiments.
Thomas–Fermi model[edit]
The predecessor to density functional theory was the Thomas–Fermi model, developed independently by both Thomas and Fermi in 1927. They used a statistical model to approximate the distribution of electrons in an atom. The mathematical basis postulated that electrons are distributed uniformly in phase space with two electrons in every h^{3} of volume.[21] For each element of coordinate space volume d^{3}r we can fill out a sphere of momentum space up to the Fermi momentum p_f [22]
\frac43\pi p_f^3(\vec{r}).
Equating the number of electrons in coordinate space to that in phase space gives:
Solving for p_{f} and substituting into the classical kinetic energy formula then leads directly to a kinetic energy represented as a functional of the electron density:
t_{TF}[n] = \frac{p^2}{2m_e} \propto \frac{(n^\frac13)^2}{2m_e} \propto n^\frac23(\vec{r})
T_{TF}[n]= C_F \int n(\vec{r}) n^\frac23(\vec{r}) d^3r =C_F\int n^\frac53(\vec{r}) d^3r
where C_F=\frac{3h^2}{10m_e}\left(\frac{3}{8\pi}\right)^\frac23.
As such, they were able to calculate the energy of an atom using this kinetic energy functional combined with the classical expressions for the nuclear-electron and electron-electron interactions (which can both also be represented in terms of the electron density).
Although this was an important first step, the Thomas–Fermi equation's accuracy is limited because the resulting kinetic energy functional is only approximate, and because the method does not attempt to represent the exchange energy of an atom as a conclusion of the Pauli principle. An exchange energy functional was added by Dirac in 1928.
However, the Thomas–Fermi–Dirac theory remained rather inaccurate for most applications. The largest source of error was in the representation of the kinetic energy, followed by the errors in the exchange energy, and due to the complete neglect of electron correlation.
Teller (1962) showed that Thomas–Fermi theory cannot describe molecular bonding. This can be overcome by improving the kinetic energy functional.
The kinetic energy functional can be improved by adding the Weizsäcker (1935) correction:[23][24]
T_W[n]=\frac{\hbar^2}{8m}\int\frac{|\nabla n(\vec{r})|^2}{n(\vec{r})}d^3r.
Hohenberg–Kohn theorems[edit]
1.If two systems of electrons, one trapped in a potential v_1(\vec r) and the other in v_2(\vec r), have the same ground-state density n(\vec r) then necessarily v_1(\vec r)-v_2(\vec r) = const.
Corollary: the ground state density uniquely determines the potential and thus all properties of the system, including the many-body wave function. In particular, the "HK" functional, defined as F[n]=T[n]+U[n] is a universal functional of the density (not depending explicitly on the external potential).
2. For any positive integer N and potential v(\vec r), a density functional F[n] exists such that E_{(v,N)}[n] = F[n]+\int{v(\vec r)n(\vec r)d^3r} obtains its minimal value at the ground-state density of N electrons in the potential v(\vec r). The minimal value of E_{(v,N)}[n] is then the ground state energy of this system.
The many electron Schrödinger equation can be very much simplified if electrons are divided in two groups: valence electrons and


diferentes maneras en que esto puede lograrse.
# How do you change the name of a key in a dictionary
#1. Create a new key , remove the old key, but keep the old key value
# create a dictionary
European_countries = {
 "Ireland": "Dublin",
 "France": "Paris",
 "UK": "London"
}
print(European_countries)
#1. rename key in dictionary
European_countries["United Kingdom"] = European_countries.pop("UK")
# display the dictionary
print(European_countries)
#2. Use zip to change the values
European_countries = {
 "Ireland": "Dublin",
 "France": "Paris",
 "United Kingdom": "London"
}
update_elements=['IRE','FR','UK']
new_dict=dict(zip(update_elements,list(European_countries.values())))
print(new_dict)
Output:
{'Ireland': 'Dublin', 'France': 'Paris', 'UK': 'London'}
{'Ireland': 'Dublin', 'France': 'Paris', 'United Kingdom': 'London'}
{'IRE': 'Dublin', 'FR': 'Paris', 'UK': 'London'}
¿Cómo se obtiene la clave y los valores mínimos y máximos en un diccionario de Python?
Por último, es posible que tenga un diccionario grande y necesite ver las fronteras o los límites de los valores que contiene.
En el siguiente código, algunos ejemplos de lo que puede hablar deberían ayudar a explicar sus conocimientos.
#How do you get the min and max keys and values in a dictionary?
dict_values = {"First": 1,"Second": 2,"Third": 3}
#1. Get the minimum value and its associated key
minimum = min(dict_values.values())
print("The minimum value is:",minimum)
minimum_key = min(dict_values.items())
print(minimum_key)
#2. Get the maximum value and its associated key
maximum = max(dict_values.values())
print("The maximum value is:",maximum)
maximum_key = max(dict_values.items())
print(maximum_key)
#3. Get the min and the max key
minimum = min(dict_values.keys())
print("The minimum key is:",minimum)
#2. Get the maximum value and its associated key
maximum = max(dict_values.keys())
print("The maximum key is:",maximum)
Output:
The minimum value is: 1
('First', 1)
The maximum value is: 3
('Third', 3)
The minimum key is: First
The maximum key is: Third
Deje una respuesta
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text:
On 28 March 2018, MBIE published the Fire safety design guide for residential community housing. The document provides guidance for community housing providers, fire engineers and building consent authorities when an alternative solution is used to demonstrate Building Code compliance.
This guidance was developed following stakeholder feedback on the 2012 edition of revised Fire Safety Acceptable Solutions C/AS1-7. The 2012 amendments to the Building Code and supporting fire compliance documents resulted in changes to the performance settings for treatment of residential community housing. These types of homes were classified with the same fire safety provisions as a hospital or prison.
Stakeholders noted this provided a 'one size fits all' approach, without considering the differing levels of care and mobility of occupants in residential community housing and their ability to self-evacuate in the event of a fire.
The intention is for the design guide to be used as an alternative solution framework for fire safety design of new residential community housing. It will help building consent authorities to determine a baseline level of fire safety compliance, taking specific occupant characteristics and their vulnerabilities into account.
This guidance was jointly developed by MBIE, the Ministry of Health, New Zealand Fire Service, Housing New Zealand, Community Housing Aotearoa, New Zealand Disability Support Network, Disabled Person Assembly and a building control officer representative.
Public consultation on the proposed guidance document took place from 17 July to 11 September 2017.
Fire safety design guide for residential community housing has further information.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
Non-Respiratory Oscillations in Systemic Arterial Pressure of Dogs
In dogs the condition of the cardiovascular control system was investigated quantitatively during haemorrhage, by using a system of transient inputs and by recording arterial blood pressure. The analysis of our results using standard control system techniques demonstrates a probable increase in open loop gain and a reduction of natural frequency. The implications of these findings are discussed.
- Accepted November 4, 1965.
- © 1966 American Heart Association, Inc.


HOME UP PREV NEXT (Power Modelling using SystemC)
Dynamic Voltage Scaling
CMOS delay is inversely proportional to supply voltage.
Voltage to a region may be varied dynamically. A higher
Operating region of the frequency/voltage curve is roughly linear.
Let's only raise VCC when we ramp up f.
 2. then adjust VCC so logic just works.
Overall: power will then have cubic dependence on f. So we achieve peak performance under heavy loads and avoid cubic overhead when idle.
Power isolation is used on a longer and larger scale (complete continents).


Take the 2-minute tour ×
Given a language $L$, define the language $K$ as the language $L$ where every second character is replaced with a $\#$. (Note: $\#$ is not part of the alphabet of $L$.) For example, if $L = \{ab, aabb, abbab \}$, then $K = \{a\#, a\_TAG_\#, a\_TAG_\_TAG_ \}$.
How can I prove that if $L$ is regular, then $K$ is also regular?
I think that I should transform the regular expression that defines $L$ to a series of sub-NDFA's and change the sub-NDFA's according to what operation is used ($*$, $|$ or $\cup$).
But that gives me the problem that I don't know if the previous sub-NDFA will have produced a string of odd or even length when arriving at the current sub-NDFA.
Example: If you have '$aa^{\ast} a$' you would have 3 sub-NDFA's ($a$, $a^{\ast}$ and $a$), but how can I know if I would have to change the last NDFA to $\#$ instead of leaving it at "$a$"?
All help is welcome!
share|improve this question
Ignore regular expressions for this. Just start with an automaton that recognizes $L$ and construct another one that recognizes $K$. – Henning Makholm Oct 25 '11 at 15:34
The regular expressions don't really matter, they're just a way to construct a NDFA. But since I don't have an actual language 'L', I wouldn't know how to create an automaton that recognizes L... I have to do it for any language L, so wouldn't I have to show how it would work for Kleene-star, union and concat? – GoingPlaces Oct 25 '11 at 15:37
You don't need to construct the automaton. Just assume you have one (which you're allowed to do because you're told that $L$ is regular), and then find a general algorithm for systematically constructing an automaton for $K$ if you're given an automaton for $L$. (Obscure hint: "bipartite"). – Henning Makholm Oct 25 '11 at 15:39
I have an algorithm that works for automatons that don't have loops, and I end up with a bipartite, so I think I'm on the right track. However, when I introduce loops, it falls apart completely... – GoingPlaces Oct 25 '11 at 16:13
How can the presence or absence of loops influence the algorithm? Try editing the question to include your current algorithm, and we'll see if we can get it straightened out. – Henning Makholm Oct 25 '11 at 16:21
2 Answers 2
up vote 1 down vote accepted
I like Gadi's answer, but you may want one with a different flavor.
Start with a DFA $M$ that recognizes $L$. Replace each state $s$ of $M$ by a pair of states, $s^0$ and $s^1$, and replace every transition $s \stackrel{x}\longrightarrow t$ by the transitions $s^0 \stackrel{x}\longrightarrow t^1$ and $s^1 \stackrel{x}\longrightarrow t^0$. The idea is that after reading $n$ letters, the new machine will be in a state with superscript $n\text{ mod }2$. Thus, if $s_0$ is the initial state of $M$, $s_0^0$ should be the initial state of the new machine, $M'$. Now you should be able to collapse $M'$ to a DFA that recognizes $K$.
share|improve this answer
This is a very nice solution as well. It may be instructive to think of this construction as "cloning" M and making transitions jump between the copies. – Gadi A Oct 25 '11 at 19:40
Thanks, I've used this method and it worked great. I never thought about looking at it from a more abstract side. (I was just trying to transform graphical DFA's). – GoingPlaces Oct 25 '11 at 23:00
It is even simpler to use the same idea on NFA's because no collapsing is needed then. – Henning Makholm Oct 26 '11 at 2:07
A simple solution using the well-known closure properties: Mark every second character using an inverse homomorphism, then use another homomorphism in order to transform marked characters to #.
Details: Define a homomorphism: $h:\Sigma\cup\Sigma^\prime\to\Sigma ^*$ such that $h(\sigma)=h(\sigma^\prime)=\sigma$. Now we have that $h^{-1}(L)\cap (\Sigma\Sigma^\prime)^*$ is that set of all words of L of even length with every second character marked. Similarly you can mark all the odd-length words and take the union.
Now define another homomorphism $g:\Sigma\cup\Sigma^\prime\to\Sigma\cup\{\#\}$ such that $g(\sigma)=\sigma$ and $g(\sigma^\prime)=\#$. Apply $g$ to the result of the previous step and you are done.
Note that I could have used a more specific version of $h$, but the general version I used here is helpful in many other cases as well.
share|improve this answer
Your Answer


text:
What does BB mean in FBI Files?
This page is about the meanings of the acronym/abbreviation/shorthand BB in the Governmental field in general and in the FBI Files terminology in particular.
Find a translation for BB in other languages:
Select another language:
What does BB mean?
- BB, BB shot(noun)
- a small pellet fired from an air rifle or BB gun

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Blog Post
How to know whether a micro-hospital is the right investment
September 11, 2018
 As inpatient volumes lag and profit margins shrink, hospitals have continued to look to alternative sites of care—such as the micro-hospital—to capture growth.
 Health systems have turned to micro-hospitals as a way to expand their geographic footprint, tap into outpatient demand, and generate downstream revenue while avoiding the overhead associated with full-scale facilities. But how can you judge if the site is right for you? Here are 3 questions to ask yourself before adding a micro-hospital to your system portfolio:
 1. What are your goals?
 2. If you're looking to expand your geographic footprint, fill care gaps, or fend off competition, the micro-hospital could be an effective strategy.
 For example, Dignity Health partnered with Emerus to build four "neighborhood" micro-hospitals in Las Vegas. Their North Las Vegas facility filled gaps in primary and specialty care, and offered flexibility in responding to market demand. Their South Las Vegas micro-hospital helped defend against competition with consumer-oriented care. Dignity also saw success downsizing some of their full-scale hospitals to micro-models.
 If your primary goal is to control the cost of care, generate downstream admission revenue, or guard against regulation uncertainty, alternative ambulatory sites may be a better fit.
 3. Are there better alternatives?
 4. Now that you know your goals, consider if a different site is a better alternative.
 Ambulatory surgery centers (ASCs), freestanding EDs, urgent care centers, and medical offices are models to consider when scoping a micro-hospital investment. These facilities vary in their potential to generate revenue, control costs, influence quality, avoid regulations and undercut future risks:
 5. Can your market support the investment?
 6. If you're still thinking "micro," size the opportunity by estimating latent demand and considering what business you're able to divert from competitors.
 Then, account for the dynamics of your population and region. Micro-hospitals have seen success in urban, suburban, and rural markets as long as they are tailored to specific inpatient needs. Your ability to derive an ROI will largely depend on your population's demographics. Areas with higher incomes and high projected population growth relative to nearby markets offer a more favorable and immediate return on investment.


text:
Kaban Green Power Hub is a 157MW onshore wind power project under construction in Queensland, Australia. The project also involves a 100MW battery energy storage system (BESS) and an upgrade to a 320km transmission line on the North Queensland coastal circuit from 132kV to 275kV.
Neoen Australia is developing the project with an estimated investment of A$370m ($268m).
Construction works on the Kaban Green Power Hub were started in May 2021, while financial closure of the project was reached in September 2021.
Scheduled for commissioning by 2023, the project is estimated to generate 460 gigawatt-hours (GWh) of electricity a year, which will be enough to power up to 100,000 Australian households.
The Department of State Development, Manufacturing, Infrastructure and Planning, Queensland, had granted project development approval for the Kaban Green Power Hub in May 2018.
The project is estimated to offset approximately 352,280 tonnes (t) of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions a year.
Location and site details
The Kaban Green renewable energy and storage facility is being developed on 1,300ha near Ravenshoe, in the Atherton Tablelands region of Queensland, Australia.
The project site lies near the rural localities of Kaban and Tumoulin, approximately 80km south-west of Cairns. It features good wind resources and is located adjacent to an existing 275kV high-voltage transmission line.
Kaban Green wind farm make-up
The Kaban Green wind farm will be equipped with 28 V162 wind turbines of 5.6MW capacity each from the EnVentus platform of Vestas. Each turbine will have a 162m-diameter rotor and measure 230m-high from the tower base to the tip of the blade.
A supervisory control and data acquisition system (SCADA) along with other site equipment including meters and wind speed sensors will be used to monitor and control the electricity generation of the wind farm.
The electricity generated from the Kaban Green power hub will be fed into the grid through the 320km-long Cairns to Townsville 275kV transmission line.
Power purchase agreement
CleanCo Queensland signed a power purchase agreement (PPA) with Neoen Australia in October 2020 to offtake 110MW of electricity from the Kaban Green Power Hub project for a period of 15 years.
Global law firm Ashurst advised CleanCo Queensland on the PPA with Neoen.
The Kaban Green Power Hub project is being financed by a syndicate of five banks, including BNP Paribas, the Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation (HSBC), Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group (MUFG), National Australia Bank (NAB), and the Norddeutsche Landesbank (NORD/LB).
White and Case, an international law firm based in the US, provided legal advisory services, while Elgar Middleton provided financial advisory services to Neoen on the financing of the project.
Vestas was contracted for the engineering, procurement and construction (EPC) of the Kaban Green wind farm in May 2021. The delivery of turbines is scheduled for the first quarter of 2022.
E2M Consulting was contracted by Aecom Australia on behalf of Neoen Australia to prepare the environmental impact statement (EIS) and environmental management plans for the project.
Hengtong Cable Australia was contracted to supply 67km of 33kV cable and 32km of bare copper wire for the Kaban Green Power Hub project in July 2021.
Neoen has partnered with Powerlink Queensland for the upgrade of the transmission line between Cairns and Townsville.
Powerlink Queensland agreed to provide system strength support to the Kaban Green wind power project by installing a synchronous condenser in October 2020.


text:
Us involvement in latin america essays, nea creative writing grants, doing homework at library. "us involvement in latin america" essay rubric please read this rubric before beginning to write your essay consider what separates an outstanding essay from a. The united states indulged in extensive aggressive engagement with the entire latin america during the cold war for the obvious reasons that if it lost the engagement. The united states of latin america the united states of america is rich, while latin america is this essay has been drawn from oscar guardiola-rivera's. Us foreign policy toward latin america in the 19th principle and potentially involved the united states in boundary papers united states. The united states and latin america essay during the cold war as us involvement was essentially in and united states policy in latin america essay. This essay explores the struggles for equal educational opportunities for american latino the involvement of the us in papers, benson latin american. Contextual essay: neighbors and the united states in latin america and women became actively involved in the anti-imperial and peace organizations that helped.
U s policy towards latin america notably changed in this respect to incorporate a heightened sense of hegemonic and essays latin america and the cold war. Essays related to latin america 1 to the united states who was once a have differed greatly from those of latin american identity in latin america. Writing in the federalist papers of the united states are involved, that the american in latin america to the monroe doctrine was generally. Us invovement in latin america, us - latin american focuses on us relations with latin america during spanish /american war the site gives an essay. American foreign policy in relation to the caribbean applied to us policy in latin america american foreign policy in relation to the caribbean basin 1901.
Latin america exposed: the panama papers "the us department of justice network of those involved in the panama papers should alert the latin american. Saylor url: wwwsaylororg/hist222 unit 2 (end) the saylor foundation saylororg page 1 of 2 hist222: unit 2 assessment "us involvement in latin america" sample essay.
10 cases of american intervention in latin while the honduran economy relies heavily on remittances sent from the us, many are wary of american involvement. Nationalism and united states policy in latin the united states and latin america essay this was highlighted especially during the cold war as us involvement. Us expansion into latin america even without colonies in latin america, the us had been involved in a number of latin colonial latin-america essay.
The age of imperialism: the united states sent troops to latin american countries thirty-two times american economic involvement in nicaragua lived on.
View essay - us role in latin america politics from phil 101 at kenyon how the united states is involved in the political control of latin america introduction the most important. America gives back: us cities and states with the highest volunteer rates american imperialism in latin america & the american involvement in world war. Us latin america essays united states and latin america essay latin america in the 20th and 21st centuries essay only moderately involved. Is the us 'losing' latin america the assertion that the united states is losing latin america is a with latin america thirteen of seventeen latin american.


text:
Flapper Nozzle System
We offer our clients an optimum quality range of Flapper - Nozzle System which is designed using the best grade components and latest technology in accordance with the set industry standards quality.The set up helps in understanding conversion of mechanical motion to pressure signal. It consists of flapper - nozzle mechanism, Dial gauge indicator, pressure gauges and air filter regulator. A regulated supply of pressure, usually over 20 psig, provides a source of air through the restriction. The nozzle is open at the end where the gap exists between the nozzle and flapper, and air escapes in this region.As the flapper moves down and reduces the nozzle gap the signal pressure increases. The graph of signal pressure verses nozzle gap can be plotted and system gain can be calculated. Setup is compact and table top mountable provided with soft copy instruction manual, software program for plotting test results and sample calculations.
- Simple and compact setup.
- Micron dial gauge for flapper movement.


text:
What is federated Microsoft Teams?
Federation, or external access, is a way for Microsoft Teams users to find, call, chat, and set up meetings with users at other organizations in Teams. You can also use federation to communicate with people from other organizations who are still using Skype for Business (online and on-premises).
How do you add federation to a team?
- In the Teams admin center, go to Users > External access.
- Under Choose which domains your users have access to, choose Allow only specific external domains.
- Select Allow domains.
- In the Domain box, type the domain that you want to allow and then click Done.
- If you want to allow another domain, click Add a domain.
Can I call someone outside my Organisation on Teams?
Use guest access to add a person from outside your organization to a team, where they can chat, call, meet, and collaborate on files. A guest can be given nearly all the same Teams capabilities as a native team member.
What is Federated calling?
Federated VoIP is a form of packetized voice telephony that uses voice over IP between autonomous domains in the public Internet without the deployment of central virtual exchange points or switching centers for traffic routing.
What is a federated chat?
Essentially, federation means that your tenant allows people belonging to other organizations connect to tenant users via chat and calls.
Can Teams call a phone number?
To dial a number from Teams, go to Calls, click Dial a number, and then enter the number of the person you want to reach. This way you can contact anyone, even if they're outside your organization.
Can you use Teams to call a landline?
The answer is Yes, you can. Microsoft Skype for Business supports calling on Landline and so does Microsoft Teams. This is possible if you have the needed Microsoft licenses, like Phone System with Teams. You will just have to tap on Calls located in the bottom bar and dial the number from the dial pad.
What is Federated chat?
If you can only exchange text in your chat with people in other organizations, then you're in a standard external-access (federated) chat. If you've got other chat functionality, including formatting, @mentions, emojis, etc., then you're in a native Teams chat.
Can I use Teams to call someone outside my organization?
With External Access for Teams, you can add or invite anyone outside of your Teams org who uses Teams, Teams for personal use, Skype (for consumers), and Skype for Business to a one-to-one chat.


text:
If the number entered at the prompt has a 'g' suffix (e.g., 123g), then Lynx will make the link corresponding to that number the current link, paging as appropriate if the link does not appear in the currently displayed page. The 'g' suffix is inferred (need not be entered) for form fields in Form fields are numbered or Links and form fields are numbered mode.
Alternatively, if the number is given a 'p' suffix (e.g., 123p), Lynx will make the page corresponding to that number the currently displayed page, and the first link on that page, if any, the current link. The 'g' and 'p' suffixes thus convert the Follow link (or goto link or page) number: feature to an advanced navigation aid.
Finally, a user may add a + or - suffix to a number command to indicate jumping forward or back relative to the current link or page. For example, typing 1g+ followed by RETURN will move the current link to the next numbered link, skipping any intervening pages or unnumbered links; 1ggoes to the preceding numbered link. On a page without links, 3g+ goes to the 3rd link following the page. 5p+ skips ahead 5 pages, and so on. You can also enter 5+ or 5-, which will activate the 5th link ahead/behind where you are currently positioned. Note that typing 1g+ is different from typing a down arrow in that 1g+ skips pages containing no links, or intervening non-numbered links, such as form fields when form fields are not numbered. It also differs from the command in that 1g+ does not skip over whole textareas, unless form fields are not numbered.
NOTE: 1+g 1-g 1+p 1-p are all recognized as equivalent to 1g+ 1g- 1p+ 1p-. Any other (mistyped) characters end the formula: e.g. 1gh+ is treated as 1g.
If the user has set Keypad mode to Numbers act as arrows, then only '0', rather than every number, will be treated as an F_LINK_NUM command for invoking the Follow link (or goto link or page) number: prompt. The '0' will not be treated as the first digit for the number, or number plus suffix, entry.
Numbers are associated with form fields only when Form fields are numbered or Links and form fields are numbered mode has been selected. If you have selected Numbers act as arrows or Links are numbered mode, you can seek form fields in the document via WHEREIS searches for strings in their displayed values. If they are INPUT or TEXTAREA fields with no values as yet, you can use two or more underscores as the search string, because underscores are used as placeholders for form fields in the displayed document.
When you have invoked a popup window for a list of OPTIONs in a form's SELECT block, each OPTION is associated with a number, and that number will be displayed in Form fields are numbered or Links and form fields are numbered mode. In any keypad mode, the F_LINK_NUM ('0') command will invoke a Select option (or page) number: prompt, and you can enter a number, and optionally a 'g' or 'p' suffix, to select or seek an OPTION in that list. If only a number is entered at the prompt, the corresponding OPTION will be selected and the popup will be retracted. If the 'g' suffix is included, then you will be positioned on the corresponding OPTION in the list, paging through the list if necessary, but it will not be treated as selected unless you enter the ACTIVATE (RETURN or right-arrow) command when positioned on the OPTION. For purposes of paging (e.g., in conjunction with the 'p' suffix), a page is defined as the number of OPTIONs displayed within the vertical dimension of the popup window. Finally, the + and - suffixes can be used to move forward or back from the current option or page in a popup menu, similarly to the way they are used for links For example, while viewing a popup window, the user can type 3p+ and RETURN to skip ahead 3 pages, and 50gwill move the current selection back 50 options. This will work whether or not keypad mode is Form fields are numbered or Links and form fields are numbered since options are numbered internally. If form field numbering is turned off, the option numbers won't appear on screen, but the user can still navigate using these commands.
Note that HTML can be structured so that it includes hidden links, i.e., without a visible link name intended for ACTIVATE-ing the link. Such links may be created, for example, by making an IMG element the sole content of an Anchor element, and including an ALT="" attribute name/value pair to suppress access to the link when the browser does not have support for image handling available. They also can be created by having truly empty Anchor content, in cases for which the value of an Anchor's HREF attribute is intended as a navigation aid for robots (typically indexers) and not as content for a browser's rendition of the document. With the -ismap command line switch, Lynx will additionally treat a link to a server-side image maps as hidden if there also is a client-side map for the same image. Finally, in some cases links that are not intended to be hidden may effectively become hidden links because of bad HTML. The hidden links differ from Anchors that have only a NAME or ID attribute name/value pair (intended as positioning targets from other links which do have HREF attributes and values that include a fragment).
Lynx respects instructions for hidden links and normally does not include them in the rendition of the document. However, if the command line switch -hiddenlinks=merge is used, such links will still be numbered in sequence with other links which are not hidden, and if Links are numbered mode is also on, link numbers will appear for them in the displayed text (except for links to image maps which are hidden because of -ismap). If -hiddenlinks=listonly or -hiddenlinks=ignore is in effect, hidden links will not be shown in the text even in links are numbered mode. Not using a -hiddenlinks flag at all is equivalent to -hiddenlinks=listonly.
If a document includes hidden links, they will be reported, with appropriate labeling, in the menus created for the LIST ('l') or ADDRLIST ('A') commands, unless -hiddenlinks=ignore is used. They can then be ACTIVATE-ed via those menus. Also, if a link was hidden because of an ALT attribute in an IMG element, it will be converted to a visible link whenever the IMAGE_TOGGLE ('*') command is used to create links for SRC attribute values of IMG elements, because this indicates that the user does have some form of image handling enabled via a helper application, or wishes to download files for subsequent use with a graphic browser or other suitable software.
HTML forms also may have fields with a HIDDEN attribute, indicating that a name/value pair for the fields should be included in the content submitted for the form, but the value should not be displayed in the rendered form. Lynx respects this attribute as well, and neither displays the HIDDEN field, nor assigns it a number for the F_LINK_NUM ('0') command and Form fields are numbered or Links and form fields are numbered keypad mode handling, nor includes an entry for it in the menus created for the LIST ('l') or ADDRLIST ('A') commands. However, the HIDDEN name/value pairs are included in any displays of submitted form content in the Information about the current document that is invoked by the INFO ('=') command.


rame');
 iframe.parentNode.removeChild(iframe);
 }
});
function runTest() {
 var iframe = document.querySelector('iframe');
 iframe.contentWindow.getSelection().removeAllRanges();
 iframe.contentDocument.body.offsetTop;
 setTimeout(function () {
 var startTime = PerfTestRunner.now();
 iframe.contentDocument.execCommand('SelectAll');
 iframe.contentDocument.body.offsetTop;
 setTimeout(function () {
 if (!PerfTestRunner.measureValueAsync(PerfTestRunner.now() - startTime))
 return;
 PerfTestRunner.gc();
 setTimeout(runTest, 0);
 }, 0);
 }, 0);
}
</script>
<iframe src="../Parser/resources/html5.html" onload="runTest()" width="800" height="600">
</body>
</html>
Optional Arguments
measureRunsPerSecond, measureTime, and PerfTestRunner.prepareToMeasureValuesAsync described above optionally support the following arguments (as properties in the object they take):
 - setup - In measureRunsPerSecond and measureTime, this function gets called before the start of each iteration. With measureRunsPerSecond, this function gets called exactly once before run gets called many times in each iteration. If there is some work to be done before run can be called each time, use measureTime instead. PerfTestRunner.prepareToMeasureValuesAsync ignores this function as it can't know when the next iteration starts.
 - done - This function gets called once all iterations are finished.
 - description - The description of the test. run-perf-tests will print out this text.
Profiling Performance Tests
run-perf-tests --profile can be used to attach and run the default platform CPU profiler against the provided test(s).
Additionally, the --profiler=PROFILER option can select which profiler to use from the built-in profilers:
perf linux (default), chromium-android (default)
iprofiler mac (default)
sample mac
pprof mac, linux (chromium-only, requires using tcmalloc)
For perf and pprof profilers --profile provides per-test "10 hottest functions" output, which is useful for obtaining a high level overview of where the test is spending it's time. This has been surprisingly helpful for finding hot non-inlined functions, or other low-hanging fruit.
% run-perf-tests --profile
Running 113 tests
Running Animation/balls.html (1 of 113)
Finished: 3.079851 s
[ perf record: Woken up 3 times to write data ]
[ perf record: Captured and wrote 0.678 MB /src/WebKit/Source/WebKit/chromium/webkit/Release/layout-test-results/test-44.data (~29642 samples) ]
 5.99% DumpRenderTree perf-5981.map [.] 0x250f5ef06321
 2.46% DumpRenderTree DumpRenderTree [.] v8::internal::FastDtoa(double, v8::internal::FastDtoaMode, int, v8::internal::Vector<char>, int*, int*)
 1.86% DumpRenderTree DumpRenderTree [.] WebCore::Length::initFromLength(WebCore::Length const&)
 1.74% DumpRenderTree DumpRenderTree [.] WebCore::RenderStyle::diff(WebCore::RenderStyle const*, unsigned int&) const
 1.69% DumpRenderTree libfreetype.so.6.8.0 [.] 0x493ab
 1.35% DumpRenderTree DumpRenderTree [.] tc_free
 1.30% DumpRenderTree [kernel.kallsyms] [k] 0xffffffff8103b51a
 1.27% DumpRenderTree DumpRenderTree [.] tc_malloc
 1.25% DumpRenderTree DumpRenderTree [.] v8::internal::JSObject::SetPropertyWithInterceptor(v8::internal::String*, v8::internal::Object*, PropertyAttributes, v8::internal::StrictModeFlag)
 1.22% DumpRenderTree DumpRenderTree [.] WTF::double_conversion::Strtod(WTF::double_conversion::Vector<char const>, int)
To view the full profile, run:
perf report -i /src/WebKit/Source/WebKit/chromium/webkit/Release/layout-test-results/test-44.data
(Note: perf prints out a bunch of kernel-related warnings which I've stripped from the above output sample.)
For more in-depth analysis, all profilers print instructions after profiling as to how to explore the full sample data, as shown above.
Adding support for a new profiler
run-perf-tests --profile --profiler=PROFILER uses Profilers provided by webkitpy.common.system.profiler, except for perf on Android which is currently implemented in chromium_android.py. Profilers should conform to the Profiler class interface, and ProfilerFactory needs to know how to create one. All of this is defined in profiler.py. If you have any trouble, email eric@webkit.


text:
Posted on 24 February 2011.
A new study on the Irish electricity system has revealed that the growing levels of wind generation on the Irish electricity network are not adding to the wholesale price of electricity. The report by grid operator EirGrid and the Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland, uses detailed modelling tools to look in detail at the wholesale prices in the Irish electricity system in 2011, which has a total annual value of almost €2 billion
The analysis showed that wind generation lowers wholesale prices by over €70 million, which almost exactly offsets the costs of the Public Service Obligation (PSO) levy and other costs associated with the generation of wind energy. The study clearly demonstrates that wind energy is not contributing to higher wholesale electricity prices on the Irish electricity system.
Wind generators have high capital costs, but as they do not consume fuel they have no short-term costs. By displacing higher cost fossil fuel generation, wind energy tends to reduce the wholesale cost of producing electricity, the study has found. When balanced against other costs, the overall cost impact of wind is less than half of one percent, which is within the study's margin of error.
The increased use of wind energy on the Irish electricity system increases Ireland's security of supply and ensures a more diverse fuel supply in the long-term.
Dermot Byrne, chief executive of EirGrid, says: "Reliable, economic and sustainable power is crucial to Ireland's future. Renewable energy can play an important part in the energy mix but it is important to continuously look at the effect on prices of all sources of energy, in the interest of consumers. This report is a significant contribution to that."
Dr Brian Motherway, chief operations officer of SEAI.
Dr Brian Motherway, chief operations officer of SEAI, remarks: "It is important that our energy debates are based on solid facts and clear evidence. This detailed analysis answers an important question – that exploiting our strong wind energy resource comes at no additional cost. It is right that we keep a focus on energy costs, and it is very good news to see that we can capture the benefits of wind energy without having to pay extra for them. And as fossil fuel prices increase the economic benefits become more significant."
IWEA (Irish Wind energy Association) has today welcomed the publication of the Eirgrid/Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland study. "The report is further proof that Ireland's most abundant and environmentally friendly natural energy resource, wind, can be harvested without any additional cost to the consumer," comments Dr Michael Walsh, chief executive of IWEA. "The study, we anticipate, will be supported by the findings of our own comprehensive report, titled 'The Impact of Wind on Pricing Within the Single Electricity Market', which will be published on March 1st. This report, which was conducted by international specialist energy consultancy Redpoint, follows an in-depth analysis of the impact that wind generation has on two components of consumer bills; electricity prices and renewable support."

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Choosing Real-Time Playback Gamma Correction Options
Whenever you watch your video on a computer display (such as video displayed in the
Canvas, the Viewer, or via Digital Cinema Desktop Preview), Final Cut Pro applies
gamma correction to the video to more closely approximate the way it would appear
on a video monitor.
Note: Gamma correction is not applied to external video outputs such as DV or
third-party interfaces because this correction is inherently applied by external
If your computer's graphics card supports gamma correction, Final Cut Pro
automatically uses the card for accurate gamma correction. If your computer has an
older graphics card that does not support gamma correction, you have you two
gamma correction options in the Playback Control tab of the System Settings window:
Â Accurate: High-quality gamma correction. This option is the most accurate but also
requires the most processing power.
Â Approximate: Lower-quality gamma correction. This option leaves more processing
power available for real-time effects but results in less accurate color and
Tip: If your real-time performance is limited, try changing the gamma correction
setting to Approximate (if available).
To choose a gamma correction option in the current sequence:
Open a sequence in the Timeline.
Choose Final Cut Pro > System Settings, then click the Playback Control tab.
Choose Accurate or Approximate from the Gamma Correction pop-up menu.


The FEI Proposes New Rules on Pony Measuring: Why? What are they? How will they affect you?
If you are reading this article, you probably know the difference between a pony and a horse and have heard the terms "measuring in" and "measuring out" bandied about. But did you know that the FEI is proposing to dramatically revise the Pony measuring rules? This could have a massive impact on Pony owners, so we recommend you read carefully and raise any concerns you may have with your National Federations or with the FEI directly.
What are the current rules?
Under the current rules, ponies are measured at FEI events handpicked by the FEI Veterinary Department. Two measuring vets assess the ponies at these selected events using FEI certified and calibrated measuring sticks.
If you are a pony owner, the somewhat arbitrary figure of 150cm may strike fear into you because it is currently the maximum height allowed for a pony (without shoes) on competition day. Outside of competition, 148cm (without shoes) is the maximum height. Non-pony-owners might be surprised to know that ponies can 'grow' by several centimetres when under competition pressure, due to muscle exertion and sweat. Additionally, measuring conditions at events are not always perfect – there have been some controversial cases over the last few years where the measuring ground surface was found to be uneven, adding phantom centimetres to pony height. This is the reason for the FEI allowing 2cm of leeway as they explain that this compensates for any uncertainty around uneven surfaces
If a pony measures above the 150cm mark, it will not be able to compete that day. But all is not lost; an appeal can be made, leading to an appeal measurement within 40 days. The appeal measurement is done outside of event conditions and your pony has the chance to shrink back down and be called a pony again under FEI rules.
Photo © Emily McNeill
Why does the FEI want to change the rules?
The FEI identified several motivating factors behind the new proposals.
First, the FEI acknowledges the unnecessary stress, particularly for children, caused by measuring at competitions. Pony measuring – and incidental disputes – undoubtedly increase an already pressured environment. Pony measuring stress is not limited to children; it also draws in their parents and trainers. Nobody wants to travel hours to a competition, only to be told to turn around and go home again. And for those of us who are parents, we all know that there is nothing that induces stress more than the possibility of deeply disappointing our children. This makes for an explosive combination when pony measuring at events goes badly.
Additionally, the FEI believes that the 150cm limit allows ponies that are too large to compete – they think this current upper measurement is too high and needs to be curtailed.
The FEI also has efficiency on its mind. They want to eradicate the appeals system, which they believe wastes time and money. They are concerned about cases where a pony exceeded the maximum height (or 'measured out') at competition, then has a successful appeal measurement within 40 days… and then goes on to measure out at an event later that year. The FEI thinks the new proposals will prevent that from happening and therefore level the playing field for true ponies.
So… what are the new proposals?
The FEI is proposing doing away with pony measuring at competitions and instead implementing a system of global measuring sessions, undertaken yearly in each country or region. The maximum height would be reduced from 150cm without shoes to 148cm without shoes (149cm with shoes)
The FEI has suggested that the measuring sessions could take place between January 1 and March 15 each year, with an option for other sessions after this period. The sessions will take place at set measuring stations, with the FEI aiming to place at least one in each European country. The FEI proposes a complete revamp of the measuring stations under the new system. To ensure the stations are fair and consistent, the FEI has stated that there must be a flat measuring pad for ponies to stand on, an area to walk the ponies in hand, an area for ponies to urinate and finally an area for lunging and riding. There will be a measurement fee, which has not yet been set, charged for each pony.
The actual method used to measure the ponies may also evolve, as the FEI looks to increase efficiency and accuracy. The FEI is looking into using a recently developed laser device that works by sending a laser beam to the ground once placed on top of a pony. High tech!
If a pony 'measures in' the pony's profile in the FEI database will be updated to include the measurement result and the FEI will issue it with a measuring certificate. Going forward, only ponies with an FEI measuring certificate will be allowed to enter FEI pony competitions.
Ponies will need to be measured every year, until they reach eight years old. Once a pony reaches eight, the FEI will issue a lifetime certificate.
Photo © Emily McNeill
How will these proposals affect you? Should you be concerned?
If the new pony measurement proposals are accepted by National Federations, the transition period in which newly registered ponies would go through the new system, would begin on January 1, 2020 and end on January 1, 2023. During this period the FEI would carry out measuring only at three events: the European Pony Championships, the Nations Cup Final, and the Pony Trophy Final.
If your pony is already registered with the FEI, you do not need to worry about getting a certificate until January 1, 2023. That said, if your pony 'measures out' during the transition period, you will have no right to appeal and your pony must then register under the new system. Your National Federation will be notified and your pony will be blocked and will need to be re-registered as a horse. Any attempt to have the horse return back to pony status can only be made once in the same year and after that, once a year for two years.
These proposals to modify the Pony measuring system will be shared with your National Federations and then voted on at the FEI General Assembly later this year. If you have any important feedback, good or bad, you should get in touch with your National Federation and share it as your National Federations are empowered to provide feedback to the FEI during the consultation period on these proposed rules.
Lisa Lazarus is former FEI General Counsel and Head of Equestrian Services at Morgan Sports Law which represents athletes. She can be reached at For the USEF's response, click here.
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text:
Bulking of sand is caused due to
The maximum bulking of sand is likely to occur at a moisture content of
Which of the following categories of sand shows maximum bulking at a certain percentage of moisture content?
If bulking of sand is not taken into account for the volumetric proportioning of concrete, what will be the result?
When employing weight batching for concrete preparation, bulking of sand has to be considered.
If moist sand occupies a depth of 15cm and the fully saturated sand occupies a depth of 12cm, then the bulking of moist sand is


What minimum information is required before I can calculate a payroll deduction?
For each type of payroll deduction calculation (Regular Salary/Pension/Bonus/Retroactive Pay/Commission), there are different required information fields that must be completed by the user before a payroll deduction calculation can be done. For all types of income except Commissions, the user must specify a Pay Period definition - i.e. weekly, bi-weekly, semi-monthly, etc. For ALL calculations, the user must also specify the Quebec TP1015_3V - Total Claim Amount. For Commission income, the user must specify additional information from the commissioned employee's federal TD1X form. Any required information for a payroll deduction calculation will be documented in the QPTL documentation included with the QPTL API/SDK package. The user must ensure that valid information is provided in these required fields before sending requests to the QPTL library method(s).
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Understanding file names that look like duplicates
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On Macs, you may see files, especially downloaded files, that end in (1) or (2) before the file extension. For example, a downloaded attachment named "attachment (1).pdf"; this post is to help you understand what the number means.
A little background
I have a family member who is self-proclaimed as NOT techy. She uses a Mac for her schoolwork; at semester end, she was trying to clean up her files. Her goal was to delete duplicate files she had inadvertently downloaded more than once during the semester.
She spent quite a long time self-sufficiently Googling her questions for the best way to do this. Finally, she couldn't find the answer she was seeking, so she called me, and I helped her through the process. The result is this post that I'm hoping might help someone else in this exact situation.
What's with parenthesis and numbers, such as file(1).docx in a file name?
The issue: she got confused by the default naming conventions automatically added to duplicated downloaded files on her Mac.
For instance, the first time she downloaded a file called attachment.pdf, it displayed in her Downloads folder or Desktop as attachment.pdf. However, the second time she downloads that file, it shows as attachment (1).pdf, and the third time the same file is downloaded, it displays as attachment (2).pdf, and the fourth time its attachment (3).pdf. This naming convention is automatic.
Duplicate files on macs display with numbers in parenthesis
In many cases, during the semester, she was able to notice duplicate files and trash them appropriately. For instance, the screenshot below shows how downloading the same file FIVE times looks on my Desktop. Starting with the first duplicate file, a number in parenthesis appends to the end of each file name.
Example of 5 duplicated downloaded files on an Apple Mac with (1), (2), (3), (4) in the file name.
Example of 5 duplicated downloaded files on an Apple Mac with (1), (2), (3), (4) in the file name.
Want to try this for yourself? I made an example PDF that you can download named attachment.pdf. Download it a few times, and you'll experience what I describe in this post.
During her final clean-up process, she became confused by the numbers in parenthesis. When she looked at a list of files that included single files with parenthesis, she wasn't sure how many files there were. Did the single file name attachment (3).pdf mean there were three files of the same name on her Desktop? If yes, how did she delete the extras? Every time she trashes the file named attachment (3).pdf, the entire file is removed, not just the two duplicates. This process became frustrating.
In reality, she had already deleted the duplicates. The (3) was simply a remnant left in the file names to indicate that at one point, there was another file named the same on her Desktop.
Deleting the duplicate files and keeping just one copy does not change the file name. The number in parenthesis stays in the file name.
Deleting the duplicate files and keeping just one copy does not change the file name. The number in parenthesis stays in the file name.
Does this make sense? Once deleting obvious duplicates, she became confused and wondered if the files with numbers in parenthesis such as (3) meant that there were three copies of the file remaining on her computer. For the life of her, she couldn't figure out how to delete those unintended duplicates. And to be clear, at this point, she had already successfully deleted all the copies; however, she didn't know she was successful because the file names confused her.
System default downloaded file naming
The number within parenthesis is a system-default way of downloading a file per the user's request when a file with the same name already exists where the user is trying to download a file. The parenthesis points out that there was more than one of this same-named file at some point. However, the parenthesis with a number is just a file naming convention. Including (2) does not indicate that there are duplicates of the files on your computer.
For less confusion, rename the file on your Mac.
I recommended making sure she had one file for each document she was trying to archive from the semester, and then if the file name had a (#) appended, rename the file to something that made sense to her.
A straightforward way to rename a file on your Desktop is to click, pause, and click again on the letters of the file name. This click is known as a force click by Apple. Sometimes it takes clicking more than once.
Rename a file on Mac. This allows you to remove the (1), (2), (3) or any (#) in a file name.
Rename a file on Mac. Renaming allows you to remove the (1), (2), (3), or any (#) in a file name. Force Click method shown.
Please note that a standard double-click will open the file.
You can also select a file and click Return on your keyboard to rename a file.
A third option is right-clicking the file name, choosing the option Get info, and then typing a new name in the Name and Extension field. (More information about changing file names is available from Apple's user guide.)
More duplicate file questions
Why does my file name have parenthesis in it?
If you see a file with the intended name and then (1) or (2) or any number within parenthesis, this indicates that there was already a file with the same name when you downloaded or copied the file. Rather than overwrite your current file, your computer appended a number to the file name so that the files could exist in the same place. The number is just a way of making a unique file name and does not indicate duplicate files are still present.
What do files with () and numbers mean? Are these duplicate files?
The file with the (1) in the name is not necessarily a duplicate file. It simply means that another file with the same name was in the exact location at one point. The solution was to append a number to the newer file so both files could exist in the precise location.
If this article was helpful to you, please let me know in the comments. I'll also share your notes with my family member. I think she will like not being the only one with "silly tech questions" (of course, silly questions don't exist!)
Did you know duplicate font files can cause issues on your Mac? You may have a duplicate font issue if you see an unreadable font in Google Chrome.
Happy Productivity!
About the author
Kelly Barkhurst
Designer to Fullstack is my place to geek out and share tech solutions from my day-to-day as a graphic designer, programmer, and business owner (portfolio). I also write on Arts and Bricks, a parenting blog and decal shop that embraces my family's love of Art and LEGO bricks!
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text:
Reverse Space Monster Zoas, or more correctly Palythoas, are species of button polyps popular among aquarists for their vibrant combination of neon green and purplish pink colors. They are one of the varieties of the Palythoa genus, and generally require very little care to keep healthy and thriving. Because of it, they are recommended to novice aquarists as an entry point for novice coral growing.
How to care for reverse space monster zoa?
Reverse Space Monster Zoa care boils down to providing them with a proper growing environment in your aquarium. Water temperature should be kept at 75-80 degrees Fahrenheit range, and the ideal specific gravity of water is 1.025 but a fluctuation between 1.024 and 1.026 is acceptable.
The pH level should be maintained between 8.1 and 8.4, while carbonate hardiness or alkalinity should be in the 8-9.5 dKH. For the health and proper growth of Reverse Space Monster, it is important to keep the concentration of calcium and magnesium in 420-440 and _PHONE_ ppm ranges, respectively.
Another two very important factors that need to be closely monitored are nitrates and phosphate levels. Nitrates should be kept below 10 ppm, and in case that they go above this level, a water change is recommended. Phosphates should be kept at a level below 0.1 ppm. If it rises above, you should replace the granular ferric oxide (GFO) phosphate removal media.
Almost any type of lighting can be used to grow zoas, and they thrive in a low to moderate environment of PAR 100-250. But they prefer colder light color, between 14.000 and 20.000 Kelvin color temperature. Additionally, you should keep the water flow to moderate.
To obtain the color temperature that zoas prefer, you can purchase a special lamp. Many hobbyists use metal halide (MH) lamps to grow their zoas. They are expensive, but they will give excellent results because zoas need high-intensity light. The advantage of using MH lamps is that they will give you a good color temperature in your aquarium. So if you have plans to grow zoas, then usage of MH lamps is one of the best options.
If you don't have enough money to purchase MH lamps, then there are other ways to bring out the desired light color at an affordable price. At this point, I strongly recommend the usage of T5 HO fluorescent lamps. This type of lamp provides a good color temperature that is suitable for zoas, and it's usually very cheap to buy.
Do you need to feed zoas?
Zoanthids and Palythoas don't need to be fed often. They are usually a host for symbiotic zooxanthellae which through photosynthesis provide them with enough nutrients to thrive. Thus targeted feeding most often is not required but providing enough nutrients for the whole ecosystem. Zoas are filter feeders and will extract needed nutrients from detritus created by other creatures in the reef tank.
In case that they do not have enough nutrients, they can be fed with the roti or oyster feast, or bits of mini mysis. When target feeding zoas it is important to closely monitor nutrient levels of the whole tank, as the increase can lead to algae blooming.
What are zooxanthellae?
Zooxanthellae is a common term for symbiotic eukaryotic single-celled dinoflagellates that often inhabit corals. They contain chloroplasts which makes them autotrophs using the process of photosynthesis. Zooxanthellae can live in symbiosis with many marine organisms, particularly with corals, and provide their hosts with nutrients while helping them to remove the products of metabolism, primarily carbon dioxide.
Through photosynthesis, they collect the carbon dioxide produced by their host, and from it, they produce glucose, amino acids, and oxygen needed to host.
How do you increase zooxanthellae?
Because most of the zooxanthellae are algae, the level of nitrates and phosphates determines their presence in the aquarium. If the levels of these nutrients are kept in the acceptable range for zoas, they will thrive.
In case that the water temperature is too high, corals tend to expel the algae from their tissue. Because the coloration of corals actually comes from the zooxanthellae colonies living in their tissues, this will lead to their discolorization. This phenomenon is also known as coral bleaching.
If your reverse space monster has vibrant colors, it indicates that its population of zooxanthellae is at healthy levels. In case that they start increasing the coral will start turning brownish, which indicates a higher than desirable level of nitrates.
Can algae kill coral?
Most of the algae that are associated with coral colonies are actually in a symbiotic relationship with them. They provide nutrients to coral in environments that are known to be nutrient-poor. But the presence of sugars they produce can create an environment in which bacterias can start developing in sufficient numbers to actually start lowering the amount of oxygen available to corals.
Algae are very beneficial for corals, besides giving them their vibrant colors, but under certain conditions, they can indirectly cause the death of corals by creating conditions for increased bacterial infection rates of corals.
What removes phosphate in a reef tank?
The best way to control the level of phosphates in your reef tank is to use phosphate removal media or GFO. They function by capturing inorganic phosphates and thus keeping their level at a desirable level. In case that the level of phosphates increases, it can lead to an outbreak of algae which is detrimental to the health of the aquarium.
What is phosphate removal media?
Phosphate removal media, also known as granular ferric oxide (GFO), is a chemical compound consisting of iron, oxygen, and hydrogen; that is used for preventing the blooming of algae in aquariums. A sudden outbreak of algae can lead to the death of the aquarium's ecosystem. GFO has a very high affinity to binding phosphates, thus is an essential tool for maintaining their balance in aquariums and preventing algae outbreaks.
How often should you change phosphate media?
The best time to remove GFO is when the level of phosphates starts rising in your tank. Depending on the exact GFO product you are using in your aquarium, this can be anywhere between 4 and 8 weeks. Though this is a general rule, the exact period of time can vary due to many factors, including the amount and frequency of feeding.
Can you use too much phosphate remover?
Inorganic phosphates present in your tank's water have an impact on its pH level. Thus using more than the suggested amount of GFO for your tank can cause a too sudden drop of phosphates and a pH level drop. Any sudden change of pH level can have a dramatic effect on your aquarium, so you should use only the suggested amount of phosphate remover.
What is alkalinity of water?
The alkalinity or hardiness of water is a measure of the water solution's ability to withstand acidification. It describes the presence of various carbonates, and their ability to absorb acids. It shouldn't be confused with pH level, which is a measure of acids present in water. In other words, it is a measure of your aquarium's ability to withstand the change of pH level.


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Abstract for: Nutrient Balance Simulation in Small-Scale Recirculating Aquaculture
Aquaculture is a more energy and water efficient source of protein than beef, pork or poultry. With rising worldwide food demands, aquaculture provides a possible solution but must be closely managed. High nitrogen concentrations in aquaculture systems can be harmful to fish and so must be monitored and regularly flushed to lower concentrations. This model details the behavior of nutrients and solids in a small-scale aquaculture system as both a management tool for the system operators and an educational tool for constructing new systems. Based on a combination of tests of feeding rates (based on fish weight) and flushing intervals, nutrient concentrations were found to spike above toxic levels at short flush intervals amongst all fish weights, but only among high fish weights at long flush intervals.


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My general premise is that I want to investigate the transformations between two distinct sets of vertices on n-dimensional manifolds by:
 - Minimalizing the change in the fundamental shape of the vertices (I want a convex polytope to stay a convex polytope).
 - Describing the dynamics of the transformation. (Possible applications to theoretical physics)
 - Finding constraint conditions on what can and cannot occur when the space in which the transformation is occurring is not "regular". This includes not-everywhere-differentiable manifolds, singularities, and other pathological cases.
Well, what an ambitious project. But in any case I have made some progress for the n-dimensional case with n-vertices where the space is "regular" and I haven't introduced advanced mathematics yet. I'm mostly playing around in configuration space for vertices in euclidean space or something similar.
I have defined a functional in configuration space that gives the length of all possible paths in configuration space between two distinct sets of vertices in $\mathbb{R^n}$ as follows:
$$T = \int\limits_{\lambda_{1}}^{\lambda_{2}} \sqrt{\sum_{I=1}^{n} \sum_{i=1}^{d} \left(\frac{d}{d\lambda}\left(\sum_{j=1}^{d} s(\lambda)R_{j}^{i}(\lambda)(q_{I}^{j}(\lambda) + a^{j}(\lambda))\right)\right)^2} d\lambda$$
Where $\lambda_{1}$ and $\lambda_{2}$ correspond to the start-point and end-point of the transformation. The members of the gauge group are $s$ (dilatation), $R$ (rotation), and $a$ (translation). $q_{I}^{j}$ corresponds to a point in configuration space representing $I$ vertices and it lives in $j$ dimensions. ($i$ is also a dimension index)
You can think of the equation as finding the straight line between two points (in configuration space) given all of the varied paths when you solve for constraint conditions in the Euler-Lagrange equation (recall): $$\frac{\partial{f}}{\partial{x}} - \frac{d}{d \lambda} \left(\frac{\partial{f}}{\partial{\dot{x}}}\right) = 0$$ This is represented in the figure below when the space has no curvature.
Transformative Norm Equation
Hopefully, you have a general idea about what I'm talking about, this is at about page 5 in the paper where this is introduced, there is a lot of background that I'm not going to discuss. I've constructed an explicit example with tetrahedra where a tetrahedron is approximated to another tetrahedron in a minimalized manner. Here's a figure I made: Tetrahedral Approximation that may help you understand what I'm trying to work with... in any case I'll ask my questions now.
[Optional for the intrigued reader]:
How can I begin to generalize this geodesic equation so that it can comment on spaces with different metrics, or irregular behaviour? As an example of what I am trying to reach for, I would be interested in seeing how a set of vertices could geodesically traverse a singularity in a smooth 2-manifold, and if I could define a general functional for any behaviour on any manifold (I would attempt to restrict it to 2-dimensions to start) eventually. There are two main types of singularities I would be interested in investigating, the first would be the "black hole type" in which a diffeomorphism in the manifold causes "a hole at the bottom". This means that there would be an exponential increase in curvature around the vicinity of the singularity, and I want to find out how a set of vertices deals with those imposed conditions. The other would be for a 2-manifold with no curvature and I know that for a particular configuration of vertices, with the geodesic (based on the equation above) lying along a certain line. If I create a hole (simply remove a point in the same way you can create a hole in a single-variable piecewise defined real function), what happens to the geodesic? How can I encode this information, so it either pushes right through the hole somehow, or defines a new path around it?
Main Question: For a functional (assuming I could derive one) that gives the path from a distinct set of vertices to another in an n-dimensional smooth manifold with shape preserving characteristics. When a singularity is introduced into the manifold, will the geodesic equation:
 - Somehow push through the singularity/ignore it is present.
 - Define an alternate path around the singularity (this is what I hope, so I can investigate further with applications to black hole dynamics)
 - Become undefined and nothing useful results
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It has to depend on whether the functional you're minimizing diverges in a good way (gets arbitrarily large) or a bad way (gets arbitrarily small) as a path taken by a configuration point approaches the singularity, and (in the latter case) on whether the divergence is tame enough to be integrated over. – mjqxxxx Dec 16 '11 at 22:10
Have you worked explicitly with an example where this happens? I simply need to figure out a way to define that functional and then see how it behaves? There are no general theorems or results in Singularity Theory or maybe Catastrophe Theory that comment on this sort of thing? – Samuel Reid Dec 19 '11 at 3:07
You make reference to a paper where this is defined more clearly, but I can't find a link to it. In your discussion of deleting point in your Riemannian manifold and then looking for geodesics, what mjqxxxx says is correct: the behaviour is very sensitive to the way your metric degenerates near the singularity. For instance, if you take $\mathbb{R}^2$ and delete a point, but keep the flat metric, geodesics are still straight lines, and you will have a family of geodesics that run in to the singularity in finite time. If you take instead a metric that looks like a [...] – Sam Lisi Dec 22 '11 at 12:45
[...] hyperbolic cusp near the singular point, and then the flat metric outside of a compact region, you will have a complete manifold and the geodesic between any two points will avoid your singularity. – Sam Lisi Dec 22 '11 at 12:45
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Higher rises in living costs for Employee households
Employee households recorded the largest increase in living costs of all household types in the September quarter (2.6 per cent compared to a 1.8 per cent increase for the Consumer Price Index), according to data released today by the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS). This was the largest quarterly increase in Employee households' living costs since the September 2000 quarter, which followed the introduction of the GST.
All household types saw increases in their living costs equal to or higher than the Consumer Price Index (CPI) for the first time since the March 2018 quarter.
Head of Prices Statistics at the ABS, Michelle Marquardt, said that last week's CPI publication showed price changes for all households living in capital cities.
"Today's release of the Living Cost Indexes shows how those changes in prices have impacted the living costs of different types of households: Employee, Age pensioner, Other government transfer recipient, Self-funded retiree, and Pensioner and beneficiary," Ms Marquardt said.
"The impact of price changes varies between household types due to their different spending patterns. The Living Cost Indexes also show how changes in mortgage interest charges, rather than the cost of building a new dwelling, are impacting households' living costs."
Employee households were particularly impacted by increases in Mortgage interest charges. Mortgage interest charges for Employee households rose 24.2 per cent over the quarter, with banks passing on the Reserve Bank of Australia's recent cash rate rises to interest rates for both variable and new fixed rate home loans. Mortgage interest charges make up a higher proportion of overall expenditure for Employee households compared to other household types.
The annual increases in living costs this quarter were the largest seen across all household types since their series commenced (1999 for most household types and 2008 for the Pensioner and beneficiary households). Employee households also had a larger annual increase, 6.7 per cent, in living costs than the other household types, which increased between 6.3 and 6.5 per cent. Mortgage interest charges for Employee households rose 25.3 per cent over the year, reflecting both higher interest rates and higher mortgage debt levels.
"Higher food and automotive fuel prices in the past 12 months contributed to higher living costs for all household types. Annually, food prices rose between 9 and 10 per cent across the household types, driven by fruit and vegetables, while fuel prices rose around 18 per cent", Ms Marquardt said.
Other housing related costs such as utilities also contributed to higher living costs for all household types. Utilities prices rose between 4 and 7 per cent across the household types, in the past 12 months. Annual price reviews for gas and electricity saw higher wholesale prices passed on to consumers in the September 2022 quarter.
The annual rise in the CPI was higher than that of any of the Living Cost Indexes. This was mainly due to large price rises for new dwellings which are included in the CPI but not the Living Cost Indexes. Conversely, the Living Cost Indexes include changes in Mortgage interest charges, which have been falling on an annual basis for the past 3 years. The annual rise in Mortgage interest charges this quarter is the first since the June 2019 quarter.
- The Consumer Price Index and Selected Living Cost Indexes are measured similarly, however, different methods are used to measure owner- occupied housing. This article explains how owner-occupied housing is measured in the CPI and SLCIs: The measurement of housing in the Consumer Price Index (CPI) and Selected Living Cost Indexes (SLCIs).
- When reporting ABS data you must attribute the Australian Bureau of Statistics (or the ABS) as the source.
- For media requests and interviews, contact the ABS Media Team via _EMAIL_ (8.30am-5pm Mon-Fri).
- Subscribe to our media release notification service to get notified of ABS media releases or publications upon their release.


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Czech Gripens Participate in Aerial Refuelling Training
On May 26th, the Czech Air Force pilots carried out a crucial air-to-air refuelling (AAR) training with a record total of five Gripen aircraft. The five fighters from the 211th Tactical Squadron, Čáslav Air Base, completed the training over the German airspace with the help of an American tanker KC-135R.
The training took place near Leipzig, with the KC-135R from the British RAF base in Mildenhall orbiting between Chemnitz and Leipzig for nearly an hour at a flight level of 19000 feet. All the aircraft returned to their home bases after the successful completion of the training exercise. This year's training comes at the heel of last year's AAR Conversion Training held in November at the F17 "Blekinge" wing air base in Ronneby, Sweden. The 2020 training showcased four Gripen aircraft while the Swedish tanker TP-84T served as the refuelling platform.
Aerial refuelling is a process of transferring fuel from a military tanker aircraft to another military aircraft. The primary advantage of aerial refuelling is the added combat radius of the aircraft and the prolonged ability to remain airborne. Gripen's aerial refuelling method uses the probe-and-drogue system. This involves the mid-air interlocking of a retractable probe with a funnel-like mouth of a long hose between Gripen and the fuel supplying aircraft.
With aerial refuelling, Gripen can remain in the air for longer periods of time. This effectively equips the fighter to perform long range missions and cover a wider airspace without the need to come down for refuelling. Longer airtime equals maximum operational effect. The air-to-air refuelling capability also ensures that one fighter alone can do the job, eliminating the requirement of a second jet to replace the first one as it goes down to refuel.
Read the full story here.


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In 2011 CCRC chose to honour Les Horne's lifetime of achievement and commitment to children by presenting his family with a Child Rights Champion award in his memory.
CHILD RIGHTS CHAMPION: LES HORNE
Les Horne lived out his respect for the rights of children in a lifetime of work with children and fighting for changes when they were treated unfairly. Les pioneered in: giving children a voice in what happens to them in child welfare and youth justice; treatment in community homes instead of institutions; individualized plans for young people with many needs; and putting children first in government policies. Among other achievements, Les Horne was the first provincial Children's Advocate in Canada and he was a leader in getting the Convention on the Rights of the Child adopted.


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Traffic cones as the name suggests, are cone shaped marking devices used in various applications as warning signals. Known also as road cones, pylons, highway cones, safety cones, they are temporarily used mostly on road construction sites, and road work areas. Additionally, the reflective cones are often seen ahead and behind a disabled vehicle to warn other drivers that there is a stationary vehicle present in their path. Residentially, parents have taken to use them to warn drivers that a neighborhood event is taking place or there at kids at play. In essence, their usefulness to warn others to exercise caution is unlimited. Now available in many color choices, safety orange still remains the #1 color purchased because of the traditional association of Orange as a color of warning.
A little history about 'traffic cones": they were invented by an American by the name of Charles Scanion in 1943. They were originally made of concrete but with the advent of plastics technology, they are now primarly made with thermoplastics or rubber.


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7.2 Alias Objects
The raw data for the Alias record, suitable for storing in a resource
or transmitting to other programs.
- Resolve ([file])
Resolve the alias. If the alias was created as a relative alias you
should pass the file relative to which it is. Return the FSSpec for
the file pointed to and a flag indicating whether the Alias object
itself was modified during the search process. If the file does
not exist but the path leading up to it does exist a valid fsspec
- GetInfo (num)
An interface to the C routine GetAliasInfo().
- Update (file, [file2])
Update the alias to point to the file given. If file2 is
present a relative alias will be created.
Note that it is currently not possible to directly manipulate a
resource as an Alias object. Hence, after calling
Update() or after Resolve() indicates that the alias
has changed the Python program is responsible for getting the
data value from the Alias object and modifying the
Send comments on this document to _EMAIL_.


Emotional Drivers Challenge
This challenge requires groups to interact with each other at an emotional level when they build a cart and race it. Besides learns related to leadership, innovation, cooperation and team cohesiveness, this diverse game can tie in teachings on colored brain and show exactly how people act and react to each other in groups.
Product Description
Interact with each other at an Emotional level to build a Cart and Race It. This reality based simulation helps participants see, first hand, the emotional foundations… the hows and whys teams break down and how and why they succeed. Training GamesLearn Leadership, Innovation, Cooperation and Team Cohesiveness, this diverse game that focuses on practical applications of Colored Brain and Emotional Drive showing exactly how people Act and React to each other in groups.


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Society for Linguistic Anthropology
Oral Presentation Session
Since the outbreak of the Sri Lankan war in 1983, hundreds of thousands of North and East Tamils have migrated to Canada, the U.S., Australia, India, and various European countries (Daniel 1996). In the last two decades new virtual spaces have enabled Tamil speakers (Tamils and Muslims) living in Sri Lanka and abroad to participate in a transnational public, which has influenced politics in Sri Lanka and the diaspora (Cheran 2007; Sriskandarajah 2005). The proliferation of social media in Sri Lanka in 2008 only increased the opportunity for youth to advocate for Tamil rights following the defeat of the LTTE in 2009, prompting a movement initially dubbed the "Blackberry revolution" (Shyamantha 2009). In this paper, I explore how resident and diasporic Sri Lankans negotiate a common Tamil or Tamil-speaking identity in Facebook and Twitter discussions. I look at explicit discourses of identity, as well as the more implicit ways individuals construct community membership through assumed linguistic knowledge and appreciation of sarcasm and humor. I underscore the significant of virtual forums in resolving the Sri Lankan Tamil question, as well as how longer term and stable Tamil identities are formed through more "light" identity work.


The Methods Behind the "Oil-Slick" Craze
What is Oil Slick?
The "oil-slick" finish is achieved with the application of a iridescent titanium coating. This coating displays different shades of green, yellow, blue, and purple. The oil-slick finish can only be achieved using high-cost machinery and extensive manufacturing processes. The oil slick finish will never fade away on parts with the exception of the braking surface of the oil slick brake rotors. The braking surface makes contact with the brake pads inhibiting the color change but the rest of the brake rotor will always remain oil slick! The finish will never fade away because it is an anodized titanium layer applied to the part which is extremely durable against the elements due to its material properties.
How is it Made?
The titanium oxide layer on the surface is transparent and of varying thickness, so part of the light bounces off the top of the titanium oxide coating and part bounces off the bottom, causing thin film interference.
Thin Film Interference
Titanium is applied to the alloy part with a PVD (Physical Vapor Deposition) process.
Next, the coloration is done by anodizing the titanium to varying thicknesses by controlling the immersion depth, time and voltage applied.
Aluminum Anodization Bath
 The specific manufacturing processes to achieve the "oil-slick" finish is not readily available to the general public. Engineers and scientists have invested years of research into developing this process.
Example Parts