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Date of Award
Doctor of Philosophy
William O Dwyer
William L Farmer
Charles A Pierce
Leslie A Robinson
This study examines U.S. federal employees' satisfaction with areas of human capital management and addresses the extent to which the relationships vary across generational cohorts. Using responses to the Merit Principles Survey, data were obtained from 36,926 employees in 24 federal agencies. The overall model predicts the effects of satisfaction with rewards and recognition, satisfaction with training and development, and levels of supervisory trust on job satisfaction levels. Contrary to the profiles of the four generations prevalent in popular and business literature, the results of the structural equation models suggest that the attitudes of these generations of federal employees are more similar than different. Implications for agency leaders and future research are discussed.
dissertation or thesis originally submitted to the local University of Memphis Electronic Theses & dissertation (ETD) Repository.
Dudley, Chantay M., "Human Capital Management in Federal Agencies: Do Perceptions and Satisfaction Levels Differ Across Generational Cohorts?" (2010). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 79.


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Purpose: To investigate the regional differences in low vision (LV) provision across Canada and to identify predictive factors for the provision of more extensive low vision services (LVS).
Methods: Practising optometrists across Canada were invited to participate in a questionnaire that investigated personal and practice demographics, levels of LVS offered, patterns of referrals and barriers to provision of LVS.
Results: 459 optometrists responded. Predictive factors for providing more extensive LVS included: optometrists with >15 years of practice, having a local LV optometrist/ophthalmologist within one day's travel, not having a multi-disciplinary LV clinic within one-day's travel, working in a practice in a population of <50,000, and having 2+ optometrists in the same practice. Regional differences were found in the following variables: the presence of an optometrist offering LVS within the respondent's primary practice, referral criteria, the type of LV provider receiving the referral, and the perceived quality of LVS.
Conclusions: LVS are provided differently across Canada and the availability of government-funded LVS appeared to enhance optometric referrals to multidisciplinary low vision clinics. Optometrists who were in a group practice setting, who had practiced for >15 years and who worked in a less populated area were more likely to provide more extensive LVS

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


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The Department of Veda is premier Department of the University which was established from the beginning period of the university. The main object of the Gurukul Kangri University was to serve the nation and mankind through Vedas and Vedic literature. Along with great Social-reformer a great Educationist Mahrshi Dayanand Saraswati enact an educational policy in his famous scripture Satyarth Prakash to serve the Ethical, spiritual, moral values, patriotism and indianisation, keeping these views of the education policy Mahrshi Dayanand's disciple Sawami Shradhanand established the Gurukul Kangri University at Haridwar bank of the Ganga river and in the foot hill valleys of the Himalaya.
- Bachelor of Arts (BA)
- Master of Arts (MA)
- Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D)
- Building- 3 classrooms. Size 20f x 20f, Sitting capacity-40 students.
- Laboratory-Vedic ritual Laboratory for herbal sacrificial assessment which are being used in all six weathers.
- Vedic and ritualistic Museum in the Ved Mandir compound. It gives lot of information regarding Vedic aspects and ancient heritage and formal educational and freedom movements which was created remarkable history by the Vishvavidyalaya.
- Departmental library in under process.
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Child Safety Harness
A Child Safety Harness is designed for toddlers, allowing them the freedom to be a child but with a lot less worry for you.
Safety harnesses (also known as toddler leashes) help parents better control over busy toddlers, while still allowing them to explore the world on their own terms but within safe boundaries.
- Fully adjustable, easy to put on your child and easy to use while on-the-go
- Combine comfort with style with a range of various fun colors and designs
- Perfect for twins and triplets too, and ideal for all outings!
- Manufactured with SABS-approved materials.
- Printed design may differ slightly from the pictures

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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As the IGHI Student Challenges Competition opens for entries, we take a look at the previous winners and where they are now.
From a diagnostic tool to detect a silent cancer to an innovative way to store vaccines in developing countries, Imperial has provided a platform for UK students to showcase their ideas and improve global health.
Since the inception of the Institute of Global Health Innovation's (IGHI) annual Student Challenges Competition in 2012, we have received numerous applications and out of these applications, almost 30 finalists have pitched their ideas to win prize money of up to £5,000 to help make their idea a reality.
The 2018 competition which opened last week is accepting entries until 8th February and is open to all UK registered university students. Find out more and apply online.
In this article, we take a look at the top five innovations from the competition over the years:
1. Ideabatic - SMILE
A new way to store and cool vaccines during the last mile of their journey to the clinic claimed the £5,000 in the 2016/17 competition.
The University of Cambridge's Kitty Liao and Imperial College London's Abellona U claimed the first prize which went towards their start-up company 'Ideabatic'. Their life-saving vaccine cooling and delivery system 'SMILE' aims to deliver vaccines to the 19 million unvaccinated children living in the most remote areas of the world.
According to the World Health Organisation, every year, two to three million children die of vaccine-preventable diseases and in 2016, there were 19.4 million children who are unable to receive basic vaccinations. One of the main contributing factors to these figures is that the cool boxes currently used for delivering vaccines to the most remote regions, termed 'the last-mile journey', are inadequate. A typical last-mile journey takes between two to seven days. However, the cool boxes currently used can only maintain vaccines to be within the required temperature range of two to eight degrees Celsius for up to 14 hours. As a result, 20 to 50 percent of the vaccines are spoiled during the last-mile journey, which amounts to an annual total of 600 million dollars' worth of vaccines being wasted globally. Ideabatic is developing SMILE, a smart last-mile vaccine delivery system to address this issue.
The prize from the competition has been very helpful for us to secure our UK patent.
– Kitty Liao and Abellona U
Winners of Student Challenges 2017
"So much has happened since we won the Student Challenges Competition last year" says winner Kitty Liao. "The prize from the competition has been very helpful for us to secure our UK patent. Following that, we have recently submitted our global patent".
Read more about the progress of Ideabatic in their recent blog article.
2. Putting TB to the test
A new way to test for tuberculosis claimed the top prize in the 2015/16 Competition.
Imperial PHD student Harriet Gliddon impressed the judges with her idea to revolutionise tuberculosis (TB) testing.
TB is now the joint leading cause of death worldwide due to an infectious disease, alongside HIV. Despite the need for early accurate testing to treat the disease and prevent new infections there is not a current test that is quick, easy to use and affordable. Harriet's proposal used nanomaterials to detect unique genetic barcodes for TB in the blood, which would enable earlier treatment and prevent further transmission.
The competition has helped me to think about how my work will fit into a real world context.
– Harriet Gliddon
Winner of Student Challenges 2016
"Winning was an amazing feeling and I am so glad I applied" said Harriet. "The competition has helped me to think about how my work will fit into a real world context and the prize money has helped me develop a prototype for my TB diagnostics test, which I hope will lead to transforming TB diagnostics worldwide".
Read Harriet's latest article updating on her progress here.
3. Increasing accuracy in neurosurgery
Imperial PhD students Christopher Payne and Hani Marcus impressed the Dragons the most in the 2014/15 competition. Their inspiring and inventive idea was for a smart handheld instrument for microsurgery that alerts neurosurgeons if they are at risk of damaging tissue they are handling. We all make mistakes, whether it's a typo, a miscommunication or a glitch, but for neurosurgeons, the impact of a mistake can lead to a life or death situation. Christopher and Hani's device works by indicating to surgeons, via vibrotactile feedback, when a force threshold has been exceeded, allowing the surgeon to adjust the amount of pressure they are exerting to avoid damaging the tissue. Many existing haptic-feedback systems, particularly master-slave robotic platforms, are large, extremely complex, and costly. However, their approach is small, simple, and inexpensive, so it can be scaled up quite easily.
The prize money was a huge help in enabling us to take the project forwards.
– Christopher Payne and Hani Marcus
Winners of the 2015 competition
"We were absolutely delighted to have won the IGHI Student Challenges Competition" said Christopher and Hani. "We were both very grateful to have had the opportunity to showcase our work; the prize money was a huge help in enabling us to take the project forwards". Find out more about how their project has progressed in their blog article here.
4. Improving the diagnosis of schistosomiasis
Imperial medical student Gabrielle Prager scooped the £5,000 prize money for her work on improving the diagnosis of schistosomiasis, a neglected tropical disease.
Gabrielle's project focused on a new diagnostic technique for schistosomiasis, a disease caused by parasitic flatworms which leads to chronic infection and affects over 200 million people worldwide. Schistosomiasis control through mass treatment using the medication praziquantel is progressing rapidly. However, current diagnostic methods based on detecting the worms' eggs by microscopy have limited sensitivity, being particularly unreliable at low infection intensities. More sensitive diagnostics are desperately needed, explained Gabrielle, for both the identification of communities in need of drug treatment and the monitoring of treatment success.
The prize money has helped me ascertain whether a new technique to detect the parasite's DNA might offer increased sensitivity, resulting in more accurate diagnosis.
– Gabrielle Prager
Winner of Student Challenges 2014
"We all hope to be able to recognise the moment when what we have learned becomes what we do - to turn theory into practice. IGHI's Student Challenges Competition is a platform that allowed me to consider what we saw as a need in terms of a solution. It encouraged me to apply the scientific work I was doing in a pragmatic and constructive way".
"The prize money has helped me ascertain whether a new technique to detect the parasite's DNA might offer increased sensitivity, resulting in more accurate diagnosis and hopefully, less false positives~. Read Gabrielle's blog article here.
5. Detecting a silent cancer
John Chetwood, a fifth year medical student at the College, was awarded the 2012 prize.
The winning project used urinary biomarkers to create a new diagnostic tool to detect Cholangiocarcinoma, an aggressive form of cancer that affects the bile ducts, and is caused by the parasitic worm liver-fluke. John used NMR spectroscopy to identify liver cancer in Thai patients and to distinguish between healthy controls and infected populations.
Read John's blog article here.
To find out more about the Student Challenges Competition, visit the website.
Article text (excluding photos or graphics) available under an Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike Creative Commons license.
Photos and graphics subject to third party copyright used with permission or © Imperial College London.


Counterproliferation Program Review Committee
CPRC Annual Report To Congress 1997
Summary of Key DoD Activities and Programs Strongly Related to Counterproliferation
Introduction. In the tables that follow, the Counterproliferation Support Program (Table C. 1) and the Chemical and Biological Defense Program (Table C. 2) are summarized along with other key Service (Tables C. 3 - C. 5), DoD Agency (Tables C. 6 - C. 8 and C. 10 - C. 12), OSD (Table C. 9), and Joint Staff (Table C. 13) activities and programs strongly related to counterproliferation. The summaries include: program/ project title, program description, program accomplishments, key program milestones, relevant DoD counterproliferation ACE priorities, program/ project executing agencies, FY 1998 budget figures, and Program Element (PE) number.
It should be noted that detailed program descriptions, including project accomplishments, milestones, and plans are provided to Congress annually as part of the President's Budget. Accomplishments and milestones cited in the following tables represent selected highlights rather than an exhaustive characterization of counterproliferationrelated activities and programs.
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AWS CloudWatch can monitor metrics and generate alarms when they cross a certain threshold. Additionally, CloudWatch can take various actions when this occurs, such as alerting humans through email, SMS, or Slack messages. CloudWatch typically provides alerts by posting a message to an SNS (Amazon Simple Notification Service) topic, which would then dispatch the message via a variety of mediums, such as email, SMS, and Lambda functions. Additional actions that CloudWatch can take when an alarm goes off are typically auto-scaling events, such as scaling workloads out or back in.
This is the second article out of three investigating what AWS CloudWatch can offer us, this time focusing on alarms and alerts. Let's dive into more details.
Billing Alert
The most important tip of this article is that CloudWatch can alert you when your bill is likely to become too high. You should never run any workload on AWS without this alarm, as it is quite easy to forget resources spun up for testing purposes. To create such a billing alarm, you need to log in to the AWS console using either the root user or an IAM user who has permission to access the billing section of the console.
The first step is to enable billing alerts. Click on your user name in the top-right corner of the screen, then click on "My Billing Dashboard." In the left pane, select "Billing preferences," then enable "Receive Billing Alerts," and finally click on "Save preferences."
The second step is to actually create a billing alarm. Head over to the CloudWatch service. In the left pane, click on "Alarms," and then click on the "Create Alarm" button. Choose the "Billing, Total Estimated Charge" metric, and configure the alarm to go off when this metric is greater than a monthly amount you would like to be alerted; click "Next." Then select "Create a New SNS Topic," and enter a name for the SNS topic and your email address; click "Create topic." Click "Next," enter a name for the alarm, click "Next" again, and, finally, "Create Alarm." That's it!
How Are AWS CloudWatch Alarms Evaluated?
Evaluation Periods and DatapointsToAlarm
There are three settings that control when an alarm goes off:
 - Period is the length of time over which the underlying metric is evaluated. The alarm period does not need to match the underlying metric period, but it needs to be at least as long as the metric period. CloudWatch will essentially generate one alarm data point per alarm period, based on the value(s) of the underlying metric during that period.
 - Evaluation period is the number of alarm periods (or alarm data points) to take into account when determining whether the alarm is triggered or not.
 - DatapointsToAlarm is the number of alarm data points that must breach the threshold during the evaluation period for the alarm to go off.
For example, let's assume that the alarm period is the same as the underlying metric period, the evaluation period is five, and the DatapointsToAlarm is three. For any five consecutive alarm data points, the alarm will go into the ALARM state if at least three out of five data points breach the alarm threshold. If for a given set of five consecutive alarm data points, only two or less breach the threshold, the alarm will not be in the ALARM state.
These settings are quite useful to filter out normal spikes, like CPU. It's normal for the CPU to run very high for short periods of time because the OS is, for example, performing some maintenance tasks, and you probably wouldn't want to be alerted for such things.
What Happens When There Is Missing Data?
There are various reasons why the underlying metric might have missing data points during an evaluation period, including:
 - The service or EC2 instance is just starting and hasn't yet reported enough metrics.
 - The EC2 instance is rebooting and can't report the metric during the reboot time.
 - Some networking parameters (such as a security group or network access control list) have been modified, preventing the EC2 instance from connecting to CloudWatch.
 - There are some network glitches (typically if the metric is reported from outside AWS).
You can configure each alarm to consider missing data points as:
 - Breaching: The missing data point is assumed to breach the alarm threshold.
 - Not breaching: The missing data point is assumed to be within the alarm threshold.
 - Ignore: The alarm state is left untouched.
 - Missing: This data point will not be considered when evaluating the alarm.
Which option to choose depends on the underlying metric reports. For example, if your alarm is for CPU, RAM, or disk utilization, it's most probably safer to consider missing data as breaching, as it is likely that your EC2 instance is going through a rough time. Some metrics are reported only when errors occur (such as ThrottledRequests in Amazon DynamoDB), in which case missing data would be considered as not breaching.
Importantly, CloudWatch tries to use missing data points as little as possible, no matter how you configure the alarm to treat them. It does so by retrieving more data points than the evaluation period (this is an evaluation range) and tries to use as many valid data points as possible within the evaluation range.
High-Resolution Alarms
Alarms have a typical resolution of sixty seconds. If the underlying metric is a high-resolution one, you can use a high-resolution alarm with a resolution of ten or thirty seconds. Although they come at a higher cost, these could be useful if you need very swift action.
Advanced AWS CloudWatch Alarms Evaluation
Combining Metrics
CloudWatch can combine metrics using math. This will be explored in a subsequent article, but what is relevant here is that you can create alarms on the output of the math expression.
Anomaly Detection
AWS released a new service that generates alarms based on anomalous patterns in the underlying metric. In order to use this service, you simply create an alarm as usual and select "Anomaly detection" under "Conditions." Alternatively, when you display a metric in CloudWatch, select the "Graphed metrics" tab and click on the wave icon next to the metric name (see screenshot below).
Using anomaly detection, you can benefit from the years of experience that AWS has accumulated in monitoring a variety of workloads. It allows you to leverage machine learning in a very intuitive and user-friendly way. Anomaly detection uses machine learning and statistical analysis to determine the validity or "usual" range for a metric. It will then alert you whenever the metric goes out of range and is thus suspicious.
How to Alert a Human Being
CloudWatch can take a variety of actions when an alarm goes off, such as triggering an auto-scaling event or sending a message through a medium likely to attract the attention of a human. Typically, you would need to create an SNS topic and add subscriptions to that SNS topic. Each subscription represents a channel to which the alarm message will be forwarded. In the screenshot below, there are a number of subscriptions to the "Alarms" SNS topic. Any message sent to that SNS topic will be forwarded to all subscribers, whether by email, SMS, Lambda invocation, etc.
The next step is to link the alarm with the SNS topic. So when you create or edit the alarm, you just need to select the correct SNS topic. After that, every time the alarm goes off, CloudWatch will send a message to SNS, which will forward it to you via email, SMS, etc. You can even create a Lambda function that will post the message on a Slack channel.
AWS CloudWatch Alarms Cost Considerations
Don't Create a Loop!
This piece of advice is fairly obvious, and it is to avoid creating a loop. For example, you might have an alarm on a Lambda function that sends a message to Slack. This could go into an infinite loop where the Lambda triggers the alarm, which triggers the Lambda function, etc. This is a silly example, and such situations are unlikely to happen in real life, but this is still something to keep in mind. Obviously, such a loop is likely to cost you a lot of money!
Avoid Sending Too Many Text Messages
Pricing information for SNS can be found here. The free tier allows you to send 100 SMSes (to US phone numbers) and 1,000 emails per month. After that, you will have to pay per SMS, which is reasonably cheap for US numbers but can have significant costs for other countries.
If you're using Slack in your organization, a good way to minimize these costs is to post a message to a Slack channel instead.
Other Points
The pricing page for CloudWatch can be found here.
High-resolution alarms are about three times more expensive than regular alarms, so use them only if necessary. The costs for alarms and alerts are usually quite low, so you wouldn't need to worry about those unless you have a large amount of them.
Another point to consider with CloudWatch is that everything needs to be taken care of manually, and there is a chance to miss or misconfigure an alert.
CloudWatch vs. Competition
There is a large offering of additional monitoring software tools out there, both in the open-source community and from paid-for suppliers.
The open-source community has a number of very capable software solutions. Prometheus is well known and able to ingest and process metric data; its time-series database is very efficient. Prometheus works well in most workloads but doesn't scale very well for very large workloads. In contrast, CloudWatch has gigantic scaling capabilities built-in, so scale should never be a worry. In addition, Prometheus can only deal with metrics that are actually reported; if


text:
select a category on the left
Hardback/ PaperbackPaperback / softback
Envisioning Women in World History: Prehistory to 1500
Publication Date: Jan 22, 2008
ISBN:_PHONE_ / 9780073513225
This product will be shipped to you.
Imprint: McGraw-Hill Humanities/Social Sciences/Languages Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education Dimensions: 9 X 5.9 Inches (US)
Main DescriptionPart of McGraw-Hill's Explorations in World History series, this brief and accessible volume presents a comparative survey of the early history of women from a global perspective. Each chapter, which can be read independently of the others, examines the experiences of women in one of seven civilizations typically covered in an introductory world history text: pre-agricultural societies, the Ancient Mediterranean, Gupta India/Southeast Asia, Tang/Song China, Maya and Aztec cultures, early Islam through the Abbasid caliphate, and Europe in the Late Middle Ages. Within these cultures, the authors explore a variety of issues impacting the lives of females in pre-modern history, including the ideal woman, female life cycles, women's roles in work and economy, female sexuality and spirituality, and women and politics. The book's brevity makes it an excellent companion text for students in world history, women's history, introductory sociology and anthropology courses, and women's studies courses.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Water Sprite (Indian Fern) LIVE AQUARIUM PLANT
The Water Sprite, also known as the Indian Fern, is a great plant to use as a mid-ground plant and also as a floating plant. The delicate, lacy leaves also make great cover for fry to hide among. Due to its poor root system, the Water Sprite retrieves nutrients from the water.
Water Sprite Lace Indian Fern is a variation of regular Water Sprite. Water Sprite Lace's leaves are narrower and look like lace. Next to Water Wisteria, this would be the next easiest plant to grow in your tank. Water Sprite Lace can become a plant like a sword with many stems coming from a central location. However, most people float this plant in their aquarium because it is difficult to keep rooted sometimes.
Water Sprite Lace will grow in just about any tank, but with decent light, and a little co2, it will take over. It is an excellent source to absorb Nitrates from fish waste out of the water. Water Sprite Lace also is great for fry to hide in. Water Sprite Lace will propagate similar to Java Fern where it will send out baby Water Sprite from its leaves. You can either let it float or put the stem in the substrate and wait for baby plants to emerge from the leaves. You will have so much you won't know what to do with it all!
The Water Sprite will grow profusely under the correct conditions, and for this reason, is excellent at removing unwanted and unhealthy inorganic nutrients from the aquarium water. In smaller aquariums with open tops, the Water Sprite can grow out of the tank and form beautiful surface leaves. The delicately branched leaves are very decorative and provide good contrast to other leaf shapes.
The Water Sprite makes a great starter plant for the aquarist new to plant keeping. Propagation is by adventitious plants from the tips of the leaves. Because of this, they are extremely easy to reproduce.
At Canton Aquatics LLC, we take great pride in providing high-quality live aquarium plants to our customers. We understand the complexities involved in shipping live plants and are committed to ensuring they arrive at your doorstep in excellent condition.
- All live plants are shipped using USPS Standard and Priority Mail to provide the fastest and most reliable service.
- Plants are typically shipped Monday - Friday to avoid weekend delays.
- Each plant is carefully packaged in sealed plastic bags to hold in moisture during the shipping process.
DOA (Dead on Arrival) Policy:
- If you receive plants that are dead on arrival, please contact us within 2 hours of delivery with clear photographic evidence.
- Upon receipt of the photos, we will assess the situation. If the plants are determined to be DOA, we will replace or provide refund.
- For a valid DOA claim, replacements or refunds will be processed within 2 business days after the claim is approved.
- Please keep in mind that all plants require sun light to live therefore your plants may arrive slightly yellow. Please float your plants at the top of your tank near the light for 3 days if applicable. They will enjoy this new added light intensity to help them recover.
Limitations and Responsibilities:
- The DOA policy is only applicable if the first delivery attempt is made within the shipping duration specified at the time of purchase.
- Delays due to incorrect shipping information provided by the customer or missed deliveries will void the DOA guarantee.
- Extreme weather conditions can impact the health of the plants in transit. We recommend checking the weather forecasts and choosing a shipping window accordingly.
- It is the responsibility of the customer to acclimate the plants to their new environment according to best practices. Our DOA policy does not cover plants that perish due to improper acclimation.
Cancellation and Changes:
- Orders can only be cancelled or changed before they are shipped. Once the order is in transit, we cannot accept cancellations or changes.
- If you have any questions or concerns regarding our shipping policy or the condition of your plants upon arrival, please contact our customer support team at [Contact Information].
By placing an order with Canton Aquatics LLC, you acknowledge and agree to the terms outlined in this shipping policy.


Mark a Member as a Duplicate
While Membership automatically identifies possible duplicate members based on matching the first name, surname and date of birth of two records, it is possible for some duplicates to'slip through the cracks'. For example, this could occur if any of the three 'duplicate identification fields' (first name, surname, DOB) are not exactly the same, e.g. an incorrect date of birth, or variation or error in the spelling of a name. In such cases, the member can be manually flagged as a duplicate, which can then be resolved by the association.
Both associations and clubs are able to mark a member as a possible duplicate. Firstly, ensure that both records do belong to the same person, then complete the following:
2. Locate the new member (not the original) record. You may find the search box or 'Advanced Search' options useful for quickly locating a member record.
3. Click on the View Record button next to the name of the member you want to mark as a duplicate.
4. The member's record will open. Click on Mark Member as Duplicate on the right hand side.
5. A message will appear, reminding you to only mark the new record (not the original) as a duplicate. Click on Mark as Duplicate.
6. A message will appear confirming that the member has been marked as a duplicate. The member has now been added to the list of possible duplicates to be resolved by the association. If you are logged into Membership at the association level, you can click on Resolve Duplicates to go directly to the Duplicate Resolution screen.


Hate Speech
University of Missouri Cops Tell Students to Report 'Hurtful Speech' to the Police
Mizzou admins, cops shouldn't censors hate speech.
Given the current situation, is anyone under the illusion that race relations at the University of Missouri would be improved by a more robust police presence in campus affairs? In any event, the Mizzou police department sent an email to students on Tuesday morning instructing them to call the cops if they witness "hateful and/or hurtful speech."
Here is the text of the email:
While the message concedes that uttering hurtful words is not a crime, it clearly establishes that students who exercise their free speech rights could face any number of other, dire consequences—suspension and expulsion, presumably. This flies in the face of the First Amendment; students at a public university cannot be sanctioned for engaging in hurtful speech, though university administrators routinely forget this rule and flagrantly violate it.
Mizzou, however, is apparently taking the college war on free expression a step further, unwisely involving the police in clearly non-criminal matters.
I called the department for clarification on the policy; a spokesperson assured me that students who were reported to the authorities for hurtful speech could not be arrested, but an officer would nevertheless be dispatched to take stock of the situation.
"We are also university officials," said the spokesperson. "So we also take reports for violations of rules and regulations. There's no arrest."
The police department framed the policy as a way for students to report speech code violations. Indeed, many universities have "bias incident" reporting protocols, although these typically involve witnesses bringing allegations directly to administrators via an online system, and do not involve cops.
I gather Mizzou's police department wanted to assure students at this time of crisis that racist incidents are being taken seriously. But let's keep in mind that there is no modern American public institution with a worse record of treating black people humanely than police departments. If the black activists who forced MU President Tim Wolfe to resign actually want the police to monitor campus for possible speech infractions, they are remarkably short-sighted.
NEXT: Trump vs. the Constitution
 1. At what point can we go ahead and decide that calling 911 on someone is dangerously close to attempted manslaughter?
 1. Uh…what is swatting but exactly what you just described?
 1. Swatting is attempted murder, this falls a bit short of it.
 1. The basic fact is that bringing in the police will finally be a step in the right direction, exactly as I've been urging. Indeed, academic policy-makers in Missouri and elsewhere throughout the nation should study the competent actions of NYU officials, who have set the precedent for vigorous action when anyone engages in trigger-speech in an institution of higher learning. New York prosecutors, in their turn, are to be thanked for their firm and capable handling of the inappropriately deadpan Gmail "parodies" that offensively and hurtfully mocked a well-connected NYU department chairman. See the documentation of America's leading criminal satire case at:
 2. Swatting is calling 911 + telling them there's a very dangerous situation.
 Of course, every situation is dangerous (WAR ON COPZ), so all 911 calls eventually come to resemble swatting.
 1. Come on, we all know that speech is violence now. So hearing something you don't like is basically the same thing as being raped or shot at.
 It's only logical that the police be called in to respond in full force. Otherwise someone might die of hurt feelings.
 2. I've been calling it that for a while now.
 1. That was how the 6-year-old in Louisiana got killed. Someone called the police because his parents were arguing. Not fighting. Not him beating on her. Raised voices. Hope they like have that kid's blood on their hands.
 1. Ha. As if they think they do.
 3. Perhaps "Assault with a Deadly Cop" as the minimum.
 4. I should enroll in school down there and set them up for a massive lawsuit. I could use a seven figure payout.
 2. I'm kind of fascinated at how insane this is going to get. I feel sorry for the non-retarded people on that campus, but this is just nuts. Report "hurtful speech"…to the police?!? Where do they think this is going to go?
 1. If I were a freshman there, I'd frantically be trying to transfer anywhere else.
 1. Yeah, but who would take you? Like…Brown? Isn't anything better than that?
 1. I bet ITT Tech would take Tarran. If he's got a Science and Math ACT higher than…12.
 1. tarran got kicked out of ITT Tech for partying too much. He was like Jeremy Piven in PCU except way, way less funny. Which is pretty bad because PCU isn't that funny.
 1. PCU isn't that funny
 2. Yeah, but….YES IT WAS FUNNY!
 Plus – George Clinton
 1. "Blow me where the pampers is…"
 3. tarran got kicked out of ITT Tech for partying too much.
 A vile lie! We had a mutual parting of the ways that was totally mutual!
 4. It may not have been all that funny, but in retrospect, it sure was prophetic.
 2. _URL_
 2. My son visited. He will not be going there on my dime.
 2. They think its going to wind up with their enemies tased, beaten, and bloody on the ground.
 1. I'm pretty sure it's going to end up that way for a bunch of people.
 1. I'm pretty sure that's the plan.
 2. And most of those beaten and tased (and arrested for disorderly conduct) will be black – cuz cops.
 3. I feel sorry for the non-retarded people on that campus
 There are no non-retarded people there – it's Mizzou.
 /Kansas grad
 1. I wonder what their alumni giving rate is? I wonder what it will be after this?
 1. I know my giving rate to my Alma Mater become $0 once the President signed on to support some "Gungrabbing College Presidents Against Teh Evul Gunz" type deal.
 May Mizzou be headed for less-stupid times. I won't hold my breath.
 2. What scares me is a HS friend and Mizzou alum who is *praising* this whole debacle on FaceBook.
 2. Rock Chalk
 1. Dittoed on the retardation of Mizzou.
 – Another Kansas grad
 2. Although I have to admit that I'm somewhat torn on this story. The libertarian in me is horrified at just how ridiculously out of control schools are. The Kansan in me finds it hilarious that MU is imploding because it's a horrible school filled with horrible people.
 1. Yeah, I agree with this.
 2. The libertarian in me
 Warty's visiting you?
 3. I'm a TCU grad, but I heartily agree with the derpitude of Mizzou. I grew up in NW Arkansas, so I saw it from a safe distance.
 3. Precisely what I've been thinking this whole time.
 Kansas '01
 4. I've rooted against Missou since they screwed up the big 12. I hope this kills their funding and team for a century.
 1. If their president wasn't such a little pussy beta male, he would have shit canned the coach and gotten rid of the whole team. They are losers anyway, so recruiting scrubs on short notice wouldn't make much of a difference.
 4. And the insanely subjective nature of "hurtful" speech. Any number of innocuous things are found to be hurtful my somebody. You're sending out a squad of armed goons to do violence based on nothing but hurt feelings.
 1. Your use of the word 'goon' is offensive to those of us who are law-enforcement-americans. I'm reporting you for that!
 1. The police call themselves to deal with the hurt feelings I caused them.
 1. Any chance they'll beat the shit out of themselves?
 1. You two arguing has hurt me. Badly.
 *dials 911*
 2. The really fantasy scenario is that they get a call for hurtful speech, employ their usual hurtful speech ("On the ground motherfucker! I will gun fuck you!"), someone calls for being triggered by that hurtful speech and a fresh set of cursing pigholes show up to arrest him, also screaming epithets and then someone calls, etc, etc, etc…
 A recursive cursing riot where everyone is offending and attempting arrest for that offense… and then Taylor activates the doomsday bomb with his dying act and wipes us all out.
 1. Wait, does Mizzou even have a cobalt bomb?
 1. Don't all schools have a nuclear self-destruct?
 1. If Mizzou is any indication, apparently so. It's called the students.


Hello there! Im currently making a 5 color print in illustrator and i got a few questions:
1) how bad is that my color layers are overlapping, like for example i got a yellow wall and above is layer with green and orange tree leaf, how will it turn out when screen printed?
2) how colours are counted, like if i have brown normal colour and brown with opacity 50% and multiply mode does it count as 1 colour and can they be on same layer?
3) i would like to have a detailed screen printing preparation guide with cmplicated design example.
Thank you whoever answers me )
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Definitions of twaddle
 1. noun
 pretentious or silly talk or writing
 synonyms: baloney, bilgewater, boloney, bosh, drool, humbug, taradiddle, tarradiddle, tommyrot, tosh
 see moresee less
 type of:
 bunk, hokum, meaninglessness, nonsense, nonsensicality
 a message that seems to convey no meaning
 2. verb
 speak (about unimportant matters) rapidly and incessantly
Word Family


text:
Classification and Explanatory Rules of Harmonic DataFaculty of Engineering - Papers (Archive)
AbstractClustering is an important technique in data mining and machine learning in which underlying and meaningful groups of data are discovered. One of the paramount issues in clustering process is to discover the natural groups in the data set. A method based on the minimum message length (MML) has been developed to determine the optimum number of clusters (or mixture model size) in a power quality data set from an actual harmonic monitoring system in a distribution system in Australia. Once the optimum number of clusters is determined, a supervised learning algorithm, C5.0, is used to uncover the fundamental defining factors that differentiate the various clusters from each other. This allows for explanatory rules of each cluster in the harmonic data to be defined. These rules can then be utilised to predict which cluster any new observed data may best be described.
Link to publisher version (URL)IEEE Xplore
Citation InformationAli Asheibi, David Stirling and Danny Soetanto. "Classification and Explanatory Rules of Harmonic Data" (2008)
Available at: _URL_


text: What is it that makes the French diet so healthy? What is it that makes the diet of some Northern European countries so unhealthy? Nutritionists and epidemiologists have examined the diet of Northern Ireland and SW France against the background of large scientific population comparisons of disease and death in the two areas, especially cardiovascular. Does the protection come from copper in red wine and from beta-carotene in vegetables? Chemistry, physiology, dietary studies and epidemiology are behind this attempt to find a true basis for healthier eating.


text: This study determined the bone formation in porous calcium carbonate (CC) and porous hydroxyapatite (HA) in ectopic sites. The bone formation stimulus was derived from bone marrow cells. CC and HA in the shape of disks were implanted with or without rat marrow cells into subcutaneous sites of syngeneic rats. The CC and HA had identical microstructure: pore size was 190–;230 μm, porosity was 50–60% and they were fully interconnected. Bone did not form in any implants without marrow cells (disks themselves), whereas bone consistently formed in the pores of all implants with marrow cells after 4 weeks. The bone formation of both CC and HA occurred initially on surface of the pore regions and progressed toward the center of the pore. Scanning electron microscopy and electronprobe microanalysis revealed a continuum of calcium at the interfaces of both bone/CC and bone/HA implants. These results indicate that the bone formation in calcium carbonate derived from marine corals is comparable to the bioactive hydroxyapatite.


text:
In models of monetary policy, discretionary policymaking often lacks the ability to manage public beliefs, which explains the theoretical appeal of policy rules and commitment strategies. But as shown in this paper, when a policymaker possesses private information, belief management becomes an integral part of optimal discretion policies and improves their performance.
Solving for optimal policy in a simple New Keynesian model, this paper shows how discretionary losses are reduced when the policymaker has private information. Furthermore, disinflations are pursued more vigorously, when the hidden information problem is larger, even when inflation is partly backward-looking.
Keywords: Optimal monetary policy, discretion, time-consistent policy, Markov-perfect equilibrium, incomplete information, Kalman filterFull paper (1 MB PDF) | Full paper (Screen Reader Version)


to use. However, it entails the burden of calculating the creep coefficients. The following outlines the calculation method for creep loadings using the creep coefficients.

Construction Stage Analysis_equation information
The following outlines the method in which specific functions of creep are numerically expressed, and stresses are integrated over time. The total creep from a particular time t0 to a final time t can be expressed as (superposition) integration of a creep due to the stress resulting from each stage.

Construction Stage Analysis_equation 7Construction Stage Analysis_equation information 1
If we assume from the above expression that the stress at each stage is constant, the total creep strain can be simplified as a function of the sum of the strain at each stage as follows:

Construction Stage Analysis_equation 8

Using the above expression, the incremental creep strain Δεc,n between the stages tn-tn-1 can be expressed as follows:

Construction Stage Analysis_equation 9

If the specific creep is expressed in degenerate kernel (Dirichlet functional summation), the incremental creep strain can be calculated without having to save the entire stress time history.
Construction Stage Analysis_equation 10equation information2
Using the above specific creep equation, the incremental strain can be rearranged as follows:
(11)
Construction Stage Analysis_equation 11where,
Construction Stage Analysis_equation information 3
Using the above method, the incremental strain for each element at each stage can be obtained from the resulting stress from the immediately preceding stage and the modified stress accumulated to the previous stage. This method provides relatively accurate analyses reflecting the change in stresses. Once we enter necessary material properties without separately calculating creep coefficients, the program automatically calculates the creep. Despite the advantage of easy application, it shares some disadvantages; since it follows the equations presented in Standards, it restricts us to input specific creep values for specific elements.
This method is greatly affected by the analysis time interval. Time intervals for construction stages in general cases are relatively short and hence do not present problems. However, if a long time interval is specified for a stage, it is necessary to internally divide into sub-time intervals to closely reflect the creep effects. Knowing the characteristics of creep, the time intervals should be preferably divided into a log scale.

MIDAS/Gen is capable of automatically dividing the intervals into the log scale based on the number of intervals specified by the user. There is no fast rule for an appropriate number of time intervals. However, the closer the division, the closer to the true creep can be obtained. In the case of a long construction stage interval, it may be necessary to divide the stage into a number of time steps.

3. Development of Concrete Compressive Strength

MIDAS/Gen reflects the changes in concrete compressive strength gains relative to the maturities of concrete members in analyses. The compressive strength gain functions can be defined as per standard specifications such as ACI and CEB-FIP as shown in Figure 10, or the user is free to define one directly. MIDAS/Gen thus refers to the concrete compressive strength gain curves, and it automatically calculates the strengths corresponding to the times defined in the construction stages and uses them in the analysis.
The time-dependent material properties (creep, shrinkage, and concrete compressive strength gain) defined in Figure 10 can be applied in analyses in conjunction with conventional material properties. This linking process is simply necessary for the program's internal data structure.

Concrete Compressive Strength Gain Curve
Figure 10. Definition of Concrete Compressive Strength Gain Curve Based on Standards

Input Process of Time-Dependent Material Properties
Time-dependent material properties of elements reflecting their maturities are required for the construction stage and heat of hydration analyses in which MIDAS/Gen accounts for creep and shrinkage of concrete. Observe the following steps for entering time-dependent material properties:
 1. Define the material properties related to creep and shrinkage in Model > Properties > Time Dependent Material (Creep/Shrinkage)
 2. Selecting Code for Defining Material Properties
Figure 11. Selecting Code for Defining Material Properties

In order to select User Defined in the Code field, first define the creep and shrinkage functions in Model > Properties > Time Dependent Material (Creep/Shrinkage) Function.
 1. Define the time variant modulus of elasticity in Model > Properties > Time Dependent Material (Comp. Strength)
 2. Figure 12
 Figure 12. Change of Modulus of Elasticity of Concrete

 1. Link the time dependent material properties to the general material properties already entered in Model > Properties > Time Dependent Material Link
 Time Dependent Material Link Dialog Bar
 Figure 13. Time Dependent Material Link Dialog Bar

Definition and Composition of Construction Stages
MIDAS/Gen allows us to specify construction stages and their compositions in detail to reflect the true erection sequence of construction. This is an extremely powerful tool, which can be applied to various construction stage analyses related to different erection methods practiced in building construction.
MIDAS/Gen defines the three distinct stages, which retain the following characteristics:
 - Base Stage
 When the construction stage is undefined, a general analysis may be performed. If the construction stage is defined, the analysis is disabled; the structural modeling is completed; and the element, boundary and load groups are defined and composed.
 - Construction Stage
 Structural analyses are actually carried out for the construction stages. For each construction stage, relevant element, boundary and load groups are activated.
 - Post-Construction Stage
 Being the post-construction stage of the construction, analyses are carried out for the construction stage loads as well as other general loads, response spectrum, etc.
Each construction stage is composed of activated (or deactivated) element, boundary and load groups. By the combination of the three groups with each group defined by the process of activation and deactivation, tremendous flexibility exists in composing the stages.
The following are the contents included in each construction stage:
 1. Activation (creation) and deactivation (deletion) of elements with certain maturities (ages)
 2. Activation and deactivation of loadings at certain points in time
 3. Changes in boundary conditions
The concept of construction stages used in MIDAS/Gen is illustrated in Figure 14. Construction stages can be readily defined by duration for each stage. A construction stage with '0' duration is possible, and the first and last steps are basically created once a construction stage is defined. Activation and deactivation of elements, boundary conditions and loadings are practically accomplished at each step.

Concept of Construction Stages
Figure 14. Concept of Construction Stages

Activation and deactivation of changing conditions such as new and deleted elements, boundary conditions, and loadings basically take place at the first step of each construction stage. Accordingly, construction stages are created to reflect the changes of structural systems that exist in real construction relative to the construction schedule. That is, the number of construction stages increases with the increase in the number of temporary structural systems.
Structural system changes in terms of active elements and boundary conditions are defined only at the first step of each construction stage. However, additional steps can be defined within a given construction stage for ease of analysis to reflect loading changes. This allows us to specify delayed loadings representing, for instance, temporary construction loads while maintaining the same geometry without creating additional construction stages.
If many additional steps are defined in a construction stage, the accuracy of analysis results will improve since the time dependent analysis closely reflects creep, shrinkage and compressive strengths. However, if too many steps are defined, the analysis time may be excessive, thereby compromising efficiency. Moreover, if time dependent properties (creep, shrinkage and modulus of elasticity) are not selected to participate in Analysis>Construction Stage Analysis Control Data and the analysis is subsequently carried out, the analysis results do not change regardless of the number of steps defined.
Subsequent to activating certain elements with specific maturities in a construction stage, the maturities continue with the passage of subsequent construction stages. The material properties of the elements in a particular construction stage change with time. MIDAS/Gen automatically calculates the properties by using only the elements' maturities based on the pre-defined time dependent material properties (Model>Properties>Time Dependent Material). We are not required to define the changing material properties at every construction stage.
If two elements are activated with an identical maturity in an identical construction stage, the elapsed times for both elements are always identical. However, there are occasions where only selective elements are required to pass the time among the elements activated at the same time. This aging of selective elements is accomplished by using the time load function (Load>Time Loads for Construction Stage).

FCM Construction Stages and Modeling
Figure 15. FCM Construction Stages and Modeling

When specific elements are activated in a construction stage, the corresponding maturities must be assigned to the elements. Creating elements with '0' maturity represents the instant when the fresh concrete is cast. However, a structural analysis model does not typically include temporary structures such as formwork/falsework, and as such unexpected analysis results may be produced if the analysis model includes immature concrete elements.
Especially, if elements of '0' maturity are activated, and an analysis is carried out reflecting the time dependent compressive strength gains, significantly meaningless displacements may result due to the fact that no concrete strength can be expected in the first 24 hours of casting. A correct method of modeling a structure for considering construction stages may be that the wet concrete in and with the formwork is considered as loading in the temporary structure, and that the activation of the concrete elements is assumed after a period of time upon removal of the formwork/falsework.
If new elements are activated in a particular construction stage, the total displacements or stresses accumulated up to the immediately preceding construction stage do not affect the new elements. That is, the new elements are activated with '0' internal stresses regardless of the loadings applied to the current


text:
On Wednesday, the minister of education Costas Kadis announced that the public universities of Cyprus will be allowed to found businesses or organisations, or enter partnerships, aiming to exploit discoveries or inventions from their scientific research.
Kadis said the body approved the legislative framework that will allow turning the results of scientific research, innovation, and scientific knowledge of public universities, to commercial products and services that will benefit not only the universities, but the economy and society as a whole.
According to the minister, this will make our public universities even more modern and bring them closer to the economy's productive fabric. Meanwhile, it will create new jobs and boost the economy. In reality, Cyprus is following the example of countries that have achieved progress from such policies. It should be noted that Israel's leaps in the field of knowledge society have been based on such partnerships.
It should be also noted that the cabinet also approved a government bill banning smoking in schoolyards. Kadis said that this is a law that must be adhered to by everyone, and what it stipulates in all instances will apply to our schools. We have adapted to European norms and directives, and we will try to implement this legislation in collaboration with other ministries.


text:
The Academic Council of the University headed by Rector FUI, is the highest academic body of the University and has the powers to lay down proper standards of instruction, training, research publications, and examinations. It regulates and promotes the academic life of the University.
1. The Academic Council shall consist of the following members, namely:
- The Rector (Chairman)
- All the Deans
- All the Head of Departments, Institutes, Colleges and Schools
- All Professors and Associate Professors of the University
- A representative of the Federal Ministry of Education
- Two Assistant Professors and two Lecturers to be nominated by the Board of Governors on the recommendation of the Rector
- Three persons eminent in the arts, the sciences and the professions of whom one shall be from each category to be nominated by the Board of Governors
- Director (Academics), HEC
- Controller of Examinations
- Librarian; and
- The registrar
2. The Registrar shall, ex-officio, act as Secretary of the Academic Council.
3. Members appointed by nomination shall hold office for three years.
4. The quorum for a meeting of the Academic Council shall be one-third of the total number, a fraction being counted as one.


text:
Photos in the Wind is a short documentary about a church music director working with the help of his small town in Carthage, Missouri to rescue, preserve and return lost photographs after the deadly May 22, 2011 EF5 tornado that struck Joplin, a neighboring city. The three-quarter mile wide tornado ravaged six miles of Joplin, claiming 160 lives, destroying buildings and homes, and tossing debris into Illinois, Tennessee, Kentucky, and Indiana. Among the debris swept away were thousands of photographs documenting the daily lives of Joplin's residents for generations.
In the days following the tornado, The Lost Photos of Joplin project was created in order to rescue and return Joplin's lost memories. Lost Photographs explores the passion, sacrifice and dedication to preserve more than 35,000 pictures. By Abbey Hoekzema, USA


text:
Reintroduces the concept of "world literature" in a truly global context, transcending past Eurocentrism.
The study of world literature is on the rise. Until recently, the term "world literature" was a misnomer in comparative literature scholarship, which typically focused on Western literature in European languages. In an increasingly globalized era, this is beginning to change. In this collection of essays, Zhang Longxi discusses how we can transcend Eurocentrism or any other ethnocentrism and revisit the concept of world literature from a truly global perspective. Zhang considers literary works and critical insights from Chinese and other non-Western traditions, drawing on scholarship from a wide range of disciplines in the humanities, and integrating a variety of approaches and perspectives from both East and West. The rise of world literature emerges as an exciting new approach to literary studies as Zhang argues for the validity of cross-cultural understanding, particularly from the perspective of East-West comparative studies.
Zhang Longxi is Chair Professor of Comparative Literature and Translation at the City University of Hong Kong. He is the author of several books, including Unexpected Affinities: Reading across Cultures and Allegoresis: Reading Canonical Literature East and West.
"…[a] persuasive, reasoned examination of 'world literature' … Highly recommended. " — CHOICE


Copying an Existing Budget
This entry is part 8 of 16 in the series Focus Guide - BFA: Budgets
BFA supports entering data for a budget by copying the budget from an existing project. When you copy the budget from an existing project, you can choose to copy the existing project's Original, EAC, Actual, or FAC amounts and/or to apply a multiple to the Amount or Units. Furthermore, you are able to preview the rows to be copied and select which rows to include or exclude in your copy.
Using Budgets as Templates
Because of the flexibility in copying existing budgets, you can choose to create a project for the sole purpose of creating a budget with zero amounts but with line items that will be used as a "template" for other project budgets. When it is time to create a budget for a real project, you can choose which line items you want from your "template" budget through the Copy Existing option. Also, providing there is no conflict in the work-breakdown-structure of your budget, you can use the Copy Existing option multiple times. This allows you to create "templates" for sections of your budget that can be added as needed. For example, you can create a template budget that contains only "Site Construction" line items (with Cost Codes beginning in 02) and another that contains only "Electrical" line items (with Cost Codes beginning in 16) and so on. When it is time to add data to a budget in a real project, you would use the Copy Existing option to get your line items from "Site Work" and then again to get line items from "Electrical," etc. and then you would enter your amounts manually.
Note: You can copy only from a project with an Approved Budget, so even template budgets must be Approved.
To copy a budget from an existing project:
 1. From the Budget ribbon, click Copy Existing. A Retrieve Existing Budget dialog box will appear.
 2. Browse for the existing project from which you want to copy budget rows. If you want to copy the Billing Codes also, click the Copy Billings Codes? checkbox.
 3. Click Add.
 4. In the Select Import Rows box, click the Pick checkbox for those rows you want to copy.
 5. (optional) Select the Budget Source: Original, EAC, Actual, or FAC.
 6. (optional) Edit the Multiplier for the Amount or Unit as required.
 7. Click Group if you would like to group the results.
 8. Click Insert to copy the selected rows from the existing project to a new budget.
 9. In the Budget worksheet, review your copied budget and make any additions (Add New Rows), deletions (Delete Rows), and edits as needed.
 10. When you have finished entering your data, check the Revenue and Budget totals listed at the top of the columns to ensure you have entered your entire budget.
 11. Save your entries, close Excel, and return to the Spitfire Budget document.
Series Navigation<< Deleting Rows from BFA WorkbookImporting a Budget >>


text: A late 19th-century Boston photographer, A.H. Folsom, captured this amazing picture of a sixth-grade class with almost every student examining a small desk globe. This image is part of a photographic survey commissioned by the Boston Public Schools in 1892-93. A number of these photographs were included in an album displayed at the Paris Exposition Universelle in 1900. While most certainly posed, the photograph speaks to the importance of geography and an understanding of global issues in the late-19th-century Boston Public School curriculum. In the same vein, the photograph can serve as an icon for the Norman B. Leventhal Map Center's mission of making the Boston Public Library's map collection available to Bostonians of all ages, particularly, the city's school children. The children portrayed in this photograph attended the George Putnam Grammar School which was located at 2025 Columbus Avenue. Today, the site of the Putnam school is across the street from the Eggleston Square Branch of the Boston Public Library. The school was named for Dr. George Putnam, the long-time pastor of First Church in Roxbury. He also served as a member of Boston Public Library's Board of Trustees from _PHONE_.


text:
The Crossing the line certificate (SAFR 14028, HDC 0034) commemorates an equator crossing, a seafaring milestone. This certificate,
dated February 10, 1910, was made out to E. Schwerin while a Mariner aboard the S.S. MARIPOSA (built 1883; steamer), and was
issued by the Oceanic Steamship Company-Tahiti Line. The document is affixed with a red wax stamp containing the ship name.
The collection is processed and open for use without restrictions.
Historical Note: Equator crossing rituals have been performed in the Western world for over 400 years. The ceremony is performed
aboard the vessel where the landlubber (one learning to sail) is subjected to a ritual death and rebirth in order to gain
a new status of Seafarer (seaman or mariner). Landlubbers must prove themselves capable of standing the terrors, stresses
and strains of maritime life, and prove they have the courage and strength of character to gracefully accept the rowdy humor
encountered in daily shipboard life.
Some material may be copyrighted or restricted. It is the researcher's obligation to determine and satisfy copyright or other
case restrictions when publishing or otherwise distributing materials found in the collections.


What is binary condition
Binary condition in Machine Learning is a type of decision-making process used in Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems. It is a type of decision-tree algorithm that allows a machine learning system to make decisions based on certain conditions. It is a type of supervised learning, in which the machine learns from a set of labeled data.
Binary condition in Machine Learning works by breaking down a complex problem into two simple parts. It can be used to classify data into two categories, such as true or false, or to determine if a given set of conditions is met. It is a powerful tool for AI systems, as it can be used to solve a wide range of problems.
When using binary condition in Machine Learning, the system is provided with a set of labeled data. The labeled data is used to train the system so that it can learn to recognize patterns in the data. Once the system has been trained, it can then be used to make decisions based on the input data. For example, if the input data is a set of images, the system can be trained to recognize certain objects in the images.
Binary condition in Machine Learning can be used in a variety of applications, such as facial recognition, image classification, and natural language processing. It is also used in robotics, as it can be used to make decisions about how a robot should move and interact with its environment.
Binary condition in Machine Learning has numerous advantages, such as being able to make decisions quickly and accurately. It is also relatively simple to use, as it is based on a simple decision tree. Additionally, it can be used to solve complex problems, as it can be used to classify data into two categories.
Overall, binary condition in Machine Learning is a powerful tool for AI systems. It can be used to classify data into two categories, as well as to solve complex problems. It is also relatively simple to use, as it is based on a simple decision tree. As such, it is a powerful tool for AI systems, and is used in a variety of applications.


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Parents from house of horrors sentenced: starved 6 children, teenage son weighed 37 lbs
(Colorado Springs, Colorado) Parents Bryan and Tonya Ricks of Colorado Springs, Colorado were reportedly sentenced to 25 years each for child abuse including" severe bodily harm and failure to provide medical attention."
The shocking house of horrors was discovered in 2009, when a family friend discovered the Ricks teenage son bedridden, in his own urine and feces, unable to walk or speak and extremely malnourished.
He wasn't the only child in the home. 5 other siblings, all girls, were also reportedly starved and abused.
According to KKTV the boy, whose name has been withheld to protect his identity, was removed from the home late 2009 but the other children weren't taken out of that horror house until early 2010.
Both of the Ricks reportedly expressed deep remorse in court during their sentencing on Monday and though the judge commended them for taking responsiblity by pleading guilty, he reportedly told them "it does not outweigh the severe, continuous abuse."
The boy, who is now 16 and lives with his foster parents, weighed a shocking 37 pounds when he was taken out of the home. To this day, he cannot walk and is learning to do so while he mostly crawls. The years of neglect and abuse have severely hindered his development, as well as his siblings. He and his 5 sisters had to be taught basic skills like using a toothbrush, tying their shoelaces, using a fork and a toilet.
Their motor skills were so impaired they couldn't hold a pencil or dress themselves. Their teeth were rotten, one child lost nine teeth. The girls hair were extremely dry, brittle and their skin were allegedly like alligator's--rough and dry.
The children have never seen a doctor or attended school. One of them had a condition which left a hole in her heart and others had asthma. The 16-year-old had severe seizures which has reportedly damaged his brain permanently because he did not get any medical attention.
They are all now in specialized foster care for they need continued therapy for a myriad of problems. they have already received occupational, physical and psychological therapy. They are learning to live normal lives.


text:
Metaphysics and the Representational Fallacy
By Heather Dyke
Routledge – 2008 – 200 pages
This book is an investigation into metaphysics: its aims, scope, methodology and practice. Dyke argues that metaphysics should take itself to be concerned with investigating the fundamental nature of reality, and suggests that the ontological significance of language has been grossly exaggerated in the pursuit of that aim.
Introduction 1. Metaphysics and the Origins of the Representational Fallacy 2. A New Metaphysical Strategy: Lessons Learned from the Philosophy of Time 3. The Representational Fallacy: Or How Not to do Ontology 4. The Relationship Between Language and Reality 5. The Methodological Map 6. The Overlooked Strategy in Practice: Moral Discourse 7. Some Further Applications of the Overlooked Strategy
Heather Dyke is Senior Lecturer in Philosophy at the University of Otago in New Zealand. She is the editor of Time and Ethics: Essays at the Intersection (Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2003) and author of several journal articles on metaphysics and the philosophy of time.


text:
The objective of the not-for-profit Wild Bunch Bags campaign is to raise awareness on wildlife and conservation and to empower children through knowledge to be responsible, take action and contribute positively to conserving the natural world.
Bridging the gap between science and society
By bringing scientists, conservation workers and kids face to face in the classroom or social club we are attempting to bridge the gap between science and society. The students learn first-hand about conservation projects, the environmental work that is taking place locally and why it is important from real-life action heroes.
Raising awareness about plastic pollution and providing an alternative
The students create the artwork with a focus on wildlife. The bags carry positive environmental messages and at the same time provide an alternative for single use plastic bags – a major polluter and problem for our global wildlife. With an active role in the design and distribution of the bags, the students become the real-life action heroes and role models for change for family and peers.
Fundraising for local wildlife conservation
100 % of the profits from the sales of the Wild Bunch Bags are donated to selected local wildlife conservation projects and organisations. Wild Kids Ink facilitates the campaign and works with selected organisations to ensure the fundraising is 100 % dedicated to benefit local wildlife conservation projects and is not swallowed up in overheads and admin.


text:
Sound Waves Give Tropical Trees a Checkup
Measuring how fast sound travels through a tree trunk can reveal whether it's rotting from the inside.
Like a book and a cover, you can't always judge a tree by how it looks. Fungus can rot a living tree from the inside, leaving behind a healthy-looking but hollow trunk. Typically the rot is only seen when the tree is cut down.
When a tree decays, it releases carbon dioxide back into the atmosphere, contributing to climate change. And the tropics are home to 96 percent of the world's tree diversity, according to researchers, and those trees store a quarter of the world's terrestrial carbon.
To get a better read on the health of tropical forests, researchers are now using sound to measure decay in trees.
The research, published in the journal Applications in Plant Sciences, was conducted collectively by a group of college professors, grad students and high school teachers and students, who used a new way to examine 1,800 live trees in the Republic of Panama.
The group used a method for sending a sound wave through a tree and measuring how fast the sound wave travels - a process called sonic tomography. Sounds waves travel faster through solid trees, a measure of their health. In a decayed tree or one with cavities, where molecules are packed less tightly, sound waves travel more slowly.
The process provides insights into how rotting affects tree mortality overall in a forest, said Greg Gilbert, lead author of the article and chair of the Department of Environmental Studies at the University of California, Santa Cruz, in a statement.
"Most of the decay is hidden," Gilbert said. "The tomography now allows us to see how many apparently healthy trees are actually decayed inside."
And while the method won't work with some trees - including palms or any species that uses internal tissue to store water - it has benefits outside of the forest. The team used sonic tomography to perform a checkup on trees in Panama City, in part to highlight which ones might snap off in storms or heavy winds and cause injury or damage to property.
WATCH: How Astronauts Grow Plants in Space


text:
This wearable device uses air to provide directions
Most people today rely on technology to navigate through the world. That is practical thanks to the reliability of modern GPS. But receiving directions can be difficult for people with certain disabilities. People who are blind, for instance, cannot look at a map on a smartphone. People with missing limbs may not even be able to hold a smartphone. To help those people, Rice University engineers have developed a lightweight wearable device that uses pressurized air to provide directions.
Instead of displaying a graphical map, this device indicates to the user when they should make a turn. It does so through pneumatic haptic feedback. The electronic components attach to wearable textiles, so it is out of the way. Pneumatic hoses run from the device to nozzles pointed at the user's skin. The locations of those nozzles can be tailored to suit the user's preferences and physiology. When the device needs to alert the user, such as when a turn is coming up, it will open a valve to the appropriate hose so air blows on their skin.
The Rice engineers designed a prototype to test this concept consisting of two haptic textile sleeves integrated into a shirt along with a belt-mounted circuit, which uses an Arduino Nano board for control. The Arduino opens the solenoid valves through MOSFETs and it receives commands from an external device, like a computer, via a four-channel 433MHz receiver. Air comes from canisters of compressed CO2 through a pressure regulator.
In testing, subjects were able to correctly interpret the pneumatic haptic feedback 87% of the time.


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LLB (Human Rights Law) Courses, Eligibility, Admissions, Syllabus, Frequently asked Questions.
Overview and About the Course LLB in Human Rights Law:
After completing the 10+2 test or a recognised board, students can pursue a five-year professional undergraduate degree known as the Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Law, or BA LLB. To enrol in a BA LLB programme at the college of their choosing, people may need to take the BA LLB admission tests.
The BA LLB curriculum is offered by more than 150 colleges in India. Around the country, it is a highly sought-after degree. Applicants who want to work in law and the courts frequently select the BA LLB programme.
A postgraduate diploma programme called the Diploma in Human Rights Law lasts one to two academic years, depending on the university. Students can learn about the legal consequences of breaking the law as well as the rights that people have. Some institutions provide an integrated course with their Bachelor's degrees, while others offer a separate Diploma programme in human rights law.
Based on your performance on admission tests taken at the federal, state, or university levels, you can apply to the BA LLB programme. The CLAT, or Common Law Admission Test, is one of India's most well-liked BA LLB legal admission examinations. Individuals who succeed in the CLAT can enrol in BA LLB programmes at prestigious Indian legal institutions. The others include the LSAT India, AILET, DUET, and other well-known entrance tests for legal schools. A few law schools admit students into the BA LLB programme through a written test, personal interview, or group discussion. Several law schools choose BA LLB candidates based on merit. Merit-based entry is available for a select few universities that offer the BA LLB curriculum. Several law schools in India admit students based on their performance on the 10+2 exam or an exam equivalent from a recognised board. As a consequence, candidates for the BA LLB programmes at these colleges are shortlisted after taking into consideration their marks from the 12th grade.
Why to do the course?
- Professionals with a BA or LLB degree can work in a range of positions and make a solid living.
- Although many Indian students choose to continue their study after finishing the BA LLB degree, there are several employment choices available to those who complete the programme.
- Due to the huge enterprises' global development through mergers, acquisitions, partnerships, and consolidations, legal advisors, attorneys, and lawyers are in great demand.
- A BA LLB professional may serve in a range of roles depending on their area of specialisation, such as providing legal counsel to a business, organising and assembling crucial court papers, or handling all litigation-related tasks such as investigation, pleadings, discovery, etc.
- As technology develops and our legal system gets more sophisticated, there will be an exponential increase in the demand for legal practitioners worldwide.
Eligibility Criteria Required for the Course LLB in Human Rights Law:
- Applicants must have completed class 12 in physics, chemistry, and mathematics with an overall grade point average of fifty percent or more in order to be eligible to apply for admission.
- Applicants must have graduated from a recognised Indian board of education.
- Candidates must receive at least 75 percent of the possible points in their class 12 in order to be admitted to IITs and IISc.
- Applicants must take the admission exam and pass it with the necessary score.
Highlights of the B.Sc. in LLB in Human Rights Law Course:
Full name of the course
Legum Baccalaureus in Human Rights Law
Duration of the course
Type of the course
50% to 60% from a recognised College
INR 1 lakh to 4 lakhs
Top Recruiting Company
Trilegal, Desai & Diwanji, Singhania & Partners, Titus & Co, Wadia Ghandy & Co, Economic Laws Practice, Vaish & Associates, Khaitan & Co, Luthra & Luthra,
Institutions of higher education, courts and the judiciary, law firms, telecom, multinational corporations, banks (legal departments), business houses, legal consultancies, news channels, the judiciary, and the sales tax and excise departments.
Top Colleges for doing the course, LLB in Human Rights Law:
College Name & Location
Symbiosis Law School, Pune
ILS Law College, Pune
DES SNFLC, Pune
Sinhgad Law College
Symbiosis International University, Pune
Admission Process for the LLB in Human Rights Law course:
Several procedures at various colleges are part of the LLB in Human Rights Law admissions process.
- To register, students must go to the college website.
- If the institution offers an admission exam for their programme, they must apply.
- the admission exam, get ready.
- Wait for the college to reveal the cut-off lists before continuing the admissions process.
Syllabus to be Study in the duration of the course LLB in Human Rights Law Course:
|In First Year :|
|· State of Human Rights in India|
|· Refugees, Displaced Persons, Immigrants and Asylum|
|· International Relations, Democracy and Human Rights|
|· Human Rights in Global and Regional Perspectives|
|· Culture, Wisdom, Religion, and Human Rights|
|· Introduction to Human Rights|
|· Principles and Theories of Human Rights|
|· Organisations related to Human Rights|
|· Instruments of Human Rights and Covenants|
|· 1993 Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action|
|In Second Year:|
|· Refugee Specific Themes in Human Rights|
|· Refugee Protection and Plan of Action|
|· Refugee Laws and UNHCR|
|· Refugee Problems and South Asia|
|· Refugee Status and Humanitarian Assistance|
|· Population and Human Rights|
|· Child and Human Rights|
|· Religion and Human Rights|
|· Women and Human Rights|
|· Legislation Specific Themes in Human Rights|
|· Regional Human Rights Provisions|
|· National Human Rights Provisions|
|· Indian Constitution and Human Rights|
|· Violation Specific Themes in Human Rights|
|· Torture, Custodial Violence and Disappearances|
|· Pretrial detention. Undertrials and Prisoners|
|· Role of Judiciary, Public Interest Litigation and Media|
|· Study Report|
|· Master's Thesis|
|· Expanding Economic, Social and Cultural Agenda|
|· Rethinking and Redesigning Human Rights|
|· Establishing Linkages with Other Disciplines|
|· Role of Amnesty, Red Cross and National Human Rights Commission|
|· Implementation, Enforcement and Realisation of Human Rights|
|· Action Specific Themes in Human Rights|
|· Expanding Environment and Development Agenda|
|· International Humanitarian Issues, Laws and Assistance|
|· Human Rights Activism and Role of NGOs|
|· Human Rights Activism and Role of NGOs|
|· Human Rights Education, Teaching and Training|
|· Human Rights, Peace, Non-Violence, and Conflict Resolution|
|· Human Rights and Police|
|· Human Rights during Emergency|
|· Issue Specific Themes in Human Rights|
|· International Human Rights Provisions|
|· Implementing Human Rights Standards and Required Legal Aid, Remedies and Reforms|
|· Case Study Report|
|· Field Report|
Frequently Asked Questions:
No. Although one's specialty may change, the range of knowledge should not.
Some of the top law schools in India that offer LLBs in human rights are National Law Institute University, Bharati Vidyapeeth, New Law College, Amity Law School, Post Graduate College of Law, Osmania University, and Rajiv Gandhi National University of Law.
A specialised course in itself, the LLB in Human Rights. The LLB programme does provide a variety of specialisations, including Corporate Law, Constitutional Law, Criminal Law, and others.
The curriculum for the LLM Human Rights course is created to provide students with both academic and practical understanding of numerous laws, rules, and human rights. This course covers topics including criminal justice, the Indian Constitution, human rights, and more.
After earning an LLB in Human Rights, students can find employment in a number of fields, including public prosecutors, judicial services, NGOs, and legal consulting businesses.


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When it comes to jewelry, earrings are a popular choice for women of all ages. They can be simple or extravagant, and they come in many different materials and styles. Silver and marcasite earrings are a classic and timeless option that can add elegance and sophistication to any outfit. In this article, we will explore the beauty of silver and marcasite earrings, their history, and why they remain a popular choice for women today.
Silver and Marcasite Earrings: A Fashionable and Timeless Accessory
What are Silver and Marcasite Earrings?
Silver and marcasite earrings are a type of jewelry made from sterling silver and marcasite stones. Marcasite is a naturally occurring mineral that has a bright, metallic luster and is often used in jewelry making. The stones are cut and polished to create small, glittering facets that catch the light and create a beautiful sparkle.
The History of Silver and Marcasite Earrings
Silver and marcasite jewelry has been popular for centuries, dating back to the Victorian era. During this time, jewelry makers used marcasite stones as a substitute for diamonds and other precious gems. This was because marcasite has a similar sparkle and luster to diamonds but is much more affordable. In the 1920s and 1930s, silver and marcasite jewelry became fashionable once again during the Art Deco period. This style of jewelry was characterized by geometric shapes, clean lines, and bold designs. Silver and marcasite earrings were a popular choice for women who wanted to make a statement with their jewelry.
Why Silver and Marcasite Earrings Remain Popular Today
Despite the fact that silver and marcasite earrings have been around for centuries, they remain a popular choice for women today. There are several reasons why:
One of the reasons why silver and marcasite earrings are so popular is because of their timeless beauty. They have a classic and elegant look that never goes out of style. Whether you are wearing a vintage outfit or a modern one, silver and marcasite earrings can add a touch of sophistication and glamour to your look.
Another reason why silver and marcasite earrings are so popular is that they are versatile. They can be worn with a wide range of outfits, from casual to formal. They can also be dressed up or down depending on the occasion.
Silver and marcasite earrings are much more affordable than other types of jewelry, such as diamonds or gold. This makes them accessible to a wider range of women who want to add some sparkle to their look without breaking the bank.
The Versatility of Silver and Marcasite Earrings
One of the greatest things about silver and marcasite earrings is their versatility. They come in a variety of styles, from simple studs to intricate drop earrings, and can be worn with almost any outfit. Whether you're dressing up for a formal event or simply adding some sparkle to your everyday look, there is a pair of silver and marcasite earrings that will fit the bill. Their timeless elegance also makes them a great gift for any occasion, from birthdays to anniversaries. With their affordable price point and wide range of styles, silver, and marcasite earrings are a jewelry staple that should have a place in every collection.
The Benefits of Choosing Silver and Marcasite Earrings
Choosing silver and marcasite earrings over other types of jewelry can offer a number of benefits. First, silver is a durable and long-lasting metal that can withstand daily wear and tear. It's also hypoallergenic, making it a great choice for those with sensitive skin. Additionally, marcasite is a relatively affordable gemstone, which means you can enjoy the beauty of fine jewelry without breaking the bank. Silver and marcasite earrings also offer a unique and vintage look that can add character to any outfit. Whether you're looking for a simple and understated pair or a statement piece, silver, and marcasite earrings are a great choice for anyone looking for beautiful and timeless jewelry.
How to Wear Silver and Marcasite Earrings
When it comes to wearing silver and marcasite earrings, there are a few tips to keep in mind. If you're wearing statement earrings, keep the rest of your jewelry simple to avoid an overly busy look. Silver and marcasite earrings pair well with black or navy clothing and can add a touch of elegance to casual outfits. For a more formal occasion, consider wearing a pair of drop earrings with a simple updo to draw attention to your earrings. When selecting a pair of silver and marcasite earrings, consider your face shape and hair color. For example, drop earrings can elongate a round face, while stud earrings can be a great choice for those with short hair or an angular face shape. With these tips in mind, you can confidently wear your silver and marcasite earrings and make a statement wherever you go.
How to Care for Silver and Marcasite Earrings
If you want your silver and marcasite earrings to last for years to come, it is important to take care of them properly. Here are some tips for caring for your earrings:
Store them properly
When you are not wearing your silver and marcasite earrings, store them in a jewelry box or a soft pouch to protect them from scratches and damage.
Clean them regularly
To keep your earrings looking their best, clean them regularly with a soft cloth and a mild cleaning solution. Avoid using harsh chemicals or abrasive materials that could damage the stones or the silver.
Avoid wearing them in water
Silver and marcasite earrings should not be worn in water, as this can cause the silver to tarnish and the stones to become dull.
Silver and marcasite earrings are a beautiful and timeless accessory that can add elegance and sophistication to any outfit. They have a rich history and remain a popular choice for women today because of their timeless beauty, versatility, and affordability. By properly caring for your silver and marcasite earrings, you can ensure that they remain a cherished accessory in your jewelry collection for years to come.


Print Making
Linoleum block printing is made by cutting into linoleum surface with a sharp V-shaped knife chisel tool that comes in different sizes and shapes. Most of the times you draw on the surface and then carve out the negative imprint. When producing type on linoleum, always carve the type in mirror form so that when applied the ink onto paper it is legible.
Chine-collé has many different was that can be executed. The process that I used was to force through a press roller all the paper once cut and layered one on top of the other. There is no glue to adhere all the paper cut-outs. By using paper with natural long fibers, once the papers go through the press many times over the fibers are forced to stick together.
The Japanese Kimono Women composition has 15 layers all on top of one another. The last layer is the layer with the most small cut-outs. The Women are composed together through 10-25 individual paper cut-outs. The Japanese parasol is a linoleum print. There are only four of Chine-collé compositions.