text:
- Remember to sign off the eCard with your name!
- Blog title: Thank you from yourname
An eCard could be a digital image some text printed on top of a photo. There are several ways to create one. Here are two suggested ways (you may choose to use other methods that you are familiar with):
- Using KeyNote or PowerPoint, insert a photo into the slide. Insert the desired text. Export the slide as an image.
- Using online dynamic tools like Glogster. This card could be animated. You may generate and embed the HTML codes into the blog post.


Android SDK iOS SDK macOS SDK
basic functionality >= 1.9.0 >= 9.1.0 >= 5.8.0 >= 0.15.0
Ramps, scales, curves
interpolate
Produces continuous, smooth results by interpolating between pairs of input and output values ("stops"). The input may be any numeric expression (e.g., ["get", "population"]). Stop inputs must be numeric literals in strictly ascending order. The output type must be number, array<number>, or color.
Interpolation types:
 - ["linear"]: Interpolates linearly between the pair of stops just less than and just greater than the input.
 - ["exponential", base]: Interpolates exponentially between the stops just less than and just greater than the input. base controls the rate at which the output increases: higher values make the output increase more towards the high end of the range. With values close to 1 the output increases linearly.
 - ["cubic-bezier", x1, y1, x2, y2]: Interpolates using the cubic bezier curve defined by the given control points.
Syntax
["interpolate",
 interpolation: ["linear"] | ["exponential", base] | ["cubic-bezier", x1, y1, x2, y2],
 input: number,
 stop_input_1: number, stop_output_1: OutputType,
 stop_input_n: number, stop_output_n: OutputType, ...
]: OutputType (number, array<number>, or Color)
SDK Support MapLibre GL JS Android SDK iOS SDK macOS SDK
basic functionality >= 0.42.0 >= 6.0.0 >= 4.0.0 >= 0.7.0
interpolate-hcl
Produces continuous, smooth results by interpolating between pairs of input and output values ("stops"). Works like interpolate, but the output type must be color, and the interpolation is performed in the Hue-Chroma-Luminance color space.
Syntax
["interpolate-hcl",
 interpolation: ["linear"] | ["exponential", base] | ["cubic-bezier", x1, y1, x2, y2],
 input: number,
 stop_input_1: number, stop_output_1: Color,
 stop_input_n: number, stop_output_n: Color, ...
]: Color
SDK Support MapLibre GL JS Android SDK iOS SDK macOS SDK
basic functionality >= 0.49.0 Not yet supported Not yet supported Not yet supported
interpolate-lab
Produces continuous, smooth results by interpolating between pairs of input and output values ("stops"). Works like interpolate, but the output type must be color, and the interpolation is performed in the CIELAB color space.
Syntax
["interpolate-lab",
 interpolation: ["linear"] | ["exponential", base] | ["cubic-bezier", x1, y1, x2, y2 ],
 input: number,
 stop_input_1: number, stop_output_1: Color,
 stop_input_n: number, stop_output_n: Color, ...
]: Color
SDK Support MapLibre GL JS Android SDK iOS SDK macOS SDK
basic functionality >= 0.49.0 Not yet supported Not yet supported Not yet supported
step
Produces discrete, stepped results by evaluating a piecewise-constant function defined by pairs of input and output values ("stops"). The input may be any numeric expression (e.g., ["get", "population"]). Stop inputs must be numeric literals in strictly ascending order. Returns the output value of the stop just less than the input, or the first output if the input is less than the first stop.
Syntax
["step",
 input: number,
 stop_output_0: OutputType,
 stop_input_1: number, stop_output_1: OutputType,
 stop_input_n: number, stop_output_n: OutputType, ...
]: OutputType
SDK Support MapLibre GL JS Android SDK iOS SDK macOS SDK
basic functionality >= 0.42.0 >= 6.0.0 >= 4.0.0 >= 0.7.0
Variable binding
let
Binds expressions to named variables, which can then be referenced in the result expression using ["var", "variable_name"].
Syntax
["let",
 string (alphanumeric literal), any, string (alphanumeric literal), any, ...,
 OutputType
]: OutputType
SDK Support MapLibre GL JS Android SDK iOS SDK macOS SDK
basic functionality >= 0.41.0 >= 6.0.0 >= 4.0.0 >= 0.7.0
var
References variable bound using "let".
Syntax
["var", previously bound variable name]: the type of the bound expression
SDK Support MapLibre GL JS Android SDK iOS SDK macOS SDK
basic functionality >= 0.41.0 >= 6.0.0 >= 4.0.0 >= 0.7.0
String
concat
Returns a string consisting of the concatenation of the inputs. Each input is converted to a string as if by to-string.
Syntax
["concat", value, value, ...]: string
SDK Support MapLibre GL JS Android SDK iOS SDK macOS SDK
basic functionality >= 0.41.0 >= 6.0.0 >= 4.0.0 >= 0.7.0
downcase
Returns the input string converted to lowercase. Follows the Unicode Default Case Conversion algorithm and the locale-insensitive case mappings in the Unicode Character Database.
Syntax
["downcase", string]: string
SDK Support MapLibre GL JS Android SDK iOS SDK macOS SDK
basic functionality >= 0.41.0 >= 6.0.0 >= 4.0.0 >= 0.7.0
is-supported-script
Returns true if the input string is expected to render legibly. Returns false if the input string contains sections that cannot be rendered without potential loss of meaning (e.g. Indic scripts that require complex text shaping, or right-to-left scripts if the the MapLibre-gl-rtl-text plugin is not in use in MapLibre GL JS).
Syntax
["is-supported-script", string]: boolean
SDK Support MapLibre GL JS Android SDK iOS SDK macOS SDK
basic functionality >= 0.45.0 >= 6.6.1 Not yet supported Not yet supported
resolved-locale
Returns the IETF language tag of the locale being used by the provided collator. This can be used to determine the default system locale, or to determine if a requested locale was successfully loaded.
Syntax
["resolved-locale", collator]: string
SDK Support MapLibre GL JS Android SDK iOS SDK macOS SDK
basic functionality >= 0.45.0 >= 6.5.0 >= 4.2.0 >= 0.9.0
upcase
Returns the input string converted to uppercase. Follows the Unicode Default Case Conversion algorithm and the locale-insensitive case mappings in the Unicode Character Database.
Syntax
["upcase", string]: string
SDK Support MapLibre GL JS Android SDK iOS SDK macOS SDK
basic functionality >= 0.41.0 >= 6.0.0 >= 4.0.0 >= 0.7.0
Color
rgb
Creates a color value from red, green, and blue components, which must range between 0 and 255, and an alpha component of 1. If any component is out of range, the expression is an error.
Syntax
["rgb", number, number, number]: color
SDK Support MapLibre GL JS Android SDK iOS SDK macOS SDK
basic functionality >= 0.41.0 >= 6.0.0 >= 4.0.0 >= 0.7.0
rgba
Creates a color value from red, green, blue components, which must range between 0 and 255, and an alpha component which must range between 0 and 1. If any component is out of range, the expression is an error.
Syntax
["rgba", number, number, number, number]: color
SDK Support MapLibre GL JS Android SDK iOS SDK macOS SDK
basic functionality >= 0.41.0 >= 6.0.0 >= 4.0.0 >= 0.7.0
to-rgba
Returns a four-element array containing the input color's red, green, blue, and alpha components, in that order.
Syntax
["to-rgba", color]: array


text:
The french irelanders celebrate and dance
Lord of the dance is a household name. But no one will have associated this with upper franconia, but only with ireland. Bernd menzel and his wife sabine want to change this now. They offer traditional irish dancing not only in their dance school and at the adult education center, but now also in a recently founded association. "Various names were discussed, until it was decided to call it the 'irish cultural association of franconia', says menzel, who is also chairman of the committee. The club is aimed at all people in igensdorf and the surrounding area who are interested in irish culture.
Menzel is convinced that the french and irish cultures have more in common than they have in separation. There are especially the traditional music and dance. For example, the "french double offered at festivals in france, so why not offer the traditional irish music and dance here?
Menzel slipped into this scene through friends in wurzburg. They knew an irish band personally. A musician came from new york."He taught us how to dance", recalls menzel. Then he moved to france and was often at the erlanger tanzhaus, where one thing led to another. Menzel met his future wife sabine there. Together they started the IFO dance series: irish dancing on mondays, french dancing on tuesdays, and then eastern european dancing.
It is not a question of age
After moving to stockach, the menzels had to decide: stop teaching or teach themselves? They continued. Offered regular courses, also in nurnberg, organized workshops and attracted with different offers more and more attention to the irish music and dance.
One of the most famous events is the irish weekend. "We now offer this event in burg hoheneck. A band from ireland is flown in and there are various speakers", menzel tells about this event. A concert with live irish music in november was one of the biggest highlights in the still young history of the irish cultural association.
The menzel couple also take dance lessons themselves – with ian hughes, who lives in wales. The only downer: "things are still a bit slow here. We absolutely need some more people", says menzel.
The couple has rented various rooms for the dance classes. If you want to learn irish dancing, you don't even need a dance partner. The menzels believe that it is not bound to age either. The pleasure of the irish culture, which is a bit like the french one, is enough. The joy of dancing, of music and of being happy.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
Internship Master Syllabus
Instructions for Using the Internship Master Syllabus
The following syllabus is intended to provide standard policies for all student cooperative
learning experiences and internships. Instructors desiring to create internship opportunities
for students should do the following:
- Create a master syllabus based on the syllabus below. Please consult with your division
Curriculum Committee representative as you create the syllabus.
- Obtain approval from the department chair and dean.
- Submit the syllabus for approval according to Curriculum Committee procedures.
Supervisors wishing to create internship opportunities should work with individual
faculty members and departments in this process.
Please note the following additional policies:
- Departments should have a designated coordinator over internships (this may be the
- Departments are responsible for completing PAF paperwork.
- Internships should use the following common course numbers: 1997 or 2997.
- Faculty must have faculty rank to be a mentor.
- Faculty mentors cannot also be supervisors of the same students in the same semester.
- Students should not be taking a course at the same time that allows coursework to
be credited for both the course and the internship.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
The Department of Defense, and each of its components, faces a daunting challenge with the decline in health among the military community as a whole, including military personnel, their families, military retirees, and other Government employees. This health challenge has significant implications on military readiness and also contributes to the increased cost of health care.
The Secretary of Defense launched the Healthy Base Initiative (HBI) in 2013 to explore various initiatives that could contribute to positive health outcomes. One result of the HBI was an endorsement to create farmers markets on military installations to improve the nutritional offerings and encourage individuals to make healthier food choices.
The goals of this guide are to enable installation leadership to:
- help installations improve healthy food options and build effective community partnerships that improve combat readiness and advance the overall health of the military community;
- understand the nature of farmers markets, how they benefit a community, and the different types and structures of markets that exist;
- determine if it is appropriate and feasible for an installation to host a market;
- determine the optimal type, frequency, and management of a market on an installation;
- develop a plan of action that sets a market up for success; and
- provide resources to facilitate the establishment and implementation of a market.


text:
Disk Investigator is a multi-purpose, powerful hard disk tool that lets you find raw data saved on disk partitions, and check unreadable disk clusters and sectors. The application is built to navigate through the disk sectors, while showing the raw data in HEX, TEXT, and Decimal form. This not only helps you identify identical data written on the disk partitions, but also verify the performance of data shredding utilities. If you've recently used a file shredder to securely delete data from disk partition, it lets you view the current raw data present on the disk. Moreover, the application gives detailed insight into disk structure, including total logical sectors, bytes per sector, sectors per cluster, cluster size, MFT start cluster, MFT zone clusters and more. Additionally, it includes a simple, yet feature-rich file explorer that lets you view files and folders saved on disk, check raw data (in Text, Dec, and Hex form) of selected file, and check CRC-32, and MD5, Hash, RipeMD, and SHA hash value.
When launched for the first time, it starts fetching disk information, including starting sector on disk, cluster distribution, total clusters etc. Once done, you will see main window, showing all the information retrieved during the scan process. It shows drive view with complete disk information, and raw data written on first sector of disk. However, you can use Sector input field and slider to navigate through disk sectors. If you want to search a specific text string from the disk, use Search option to view specified text/hex values.
Using View cluster option, you can check data on a single cluster. You can switch between Text, Hex, and Dec data forms to easily find the required information. It provides you with simple navigation buttons in bottom-left corner to navigate through clusters.
You can view files and directories on the disk by switching to Directories mode from View section. It shows all the folders and files saved on selected disk partition. A small disk explorer is present in left sidebar, letting you quickly jump to required directory.
Perhaps, the most useful option of file explorer is View raw file contents, which allows you to view raw data (text, dec, and hex form) of any selected file. Just right-click the file in the list, and select this option to open disk sector where file is saved. You can also open file's Property dialog box, view CRC-32 and generate file integrity hash values from right-click context menu.
The application also lets you view MFT zone (Master File Table), an area on disk where information about files and directories is saved. The MFT is basically table of contents of a NTFS disk, allowing you to verify the structure of files and directory storage. Using Disk Investigator, you can view the MFT Zone from View menu.
Directory Investigator is meant for proficient users. If you're familiar with Hex and Dec data forms, you can use it to check the password text saved on the disk, find the total occurrence of specific file-related information etc. Disk Investigator can also be used to verify the performance of file shredding utilities that claim to securely delete data off the disk partitions. It works on all versions of Windows. Testing was carried out on Windows 7 64-bit.


BackPrevious Topic Next TopicNext
Creating Formulas in a Catalog
This section introduces creating formulas in a catalog. In a report that uses business view as the data source, you can also create dynamic formulas to use in the report specifically.
This topic includes the following sections:
See also Formula Fields for how to work with formulas as component in a report.
Predefining Formulas in a Catalog
You can predefine formulas in a catalog so as to use them directly in reports.
 1. Open the required catalog.
 2. In the Catalog Manager, expand the data source in which to create the formula, then:
 - Select the Formulas node or any existing formula in the data source and select New Formula on the Catalog Manager toolbar.
 - Right-click the Formulas node in the data source and select New Formula on the shortcut menu.
 3. In the Enter Formula Name dialog, provide a name for the formula and select OK. The Formula Editor appears.
 Formula Editor
 4. Compose the formula by selecting the required fields from the Fields panel (including DBFields, other formulas, summaries and parameters in the current catalog data source and some special fields), functions from the Functions panel (including the built-in functions and user defined functions), and operators from the Operators panel. When the predefined formulas, summaries and parameters cannot meet you requirement, you can create new formula, summary and parameter to be referenced by the formula using the New XXX option on the toolbar. The newly created objects are saved into the same catalog data source as the formula. You can also write the formula by yourself in the editing panel. You should have some knowledge of the formula syntax before you can successfully compose a formula with no errors.
 5. Make use of the buttons on the toolbar above the editing panel to edit the formula. To comment a line, select the Comment/Uncomment button Comment/Uncomment button on the toolbar. If you want to bookmark a line so that it can be searched easily later, select the Add Bookmark button Add Bookmark button. To check whether or not the syntax of your formula is correct, select the Check button Check button.
 6. Select OK to add the formula.
Notes:
 - If you refer to any field in the formula, the reference name for that field will be prefixed with an @ sign. If the field name contains spaces, the reference name in formula will be quoted with double-quotation marks (""). For example, if the field name is Customer Name, then the reference name will be @"Customer Name".
 - When formulas reference display names or mapping names, the names should not contain any of following characters if the names are not quoted by double-quotation marks "":
 "~", "'", "!", "@", "#", "$", "%", "^", "&", "*", "(", ")", "-", "+", "=", "{", "}", "[", "]", "|", "\\", ":", ";", "\", " ' ", "<", ",", ">", ".", "?", "/"
 Examples:
 - Expression @Customer#; will cause a syntax error. But @"Customer#" is ok.
 - If a field has the display name Category.Measure, when adding it to a formula, quote it as "Category.Measure" or "Category"."Measure".
 - The number of the "if-else" statements in a formula is limited to 190. When this number is reached, you should use the "select-case" statement instead.
Back to top
Creating Formulas in a Catalog When Needed
Besides predefining formulas in a catalog via the Catalog Manager, Logi Report Designer also provides you quick access to create formulas in a catalog from the UI where a formula list is available, for example in the Resources box of the component wizard. In this formula list, the <New Formula...> item is provided on the top. By selecting the item, you can create any formulas you want with the Formula Editor, which are then added into the current catalog.
Back to top
Referencing Parameters in Formulas
A formula which references parameters will return values according to the parameter values. To reference a parameter in a formula, follow the syntax: @ParameterName.
Assume there is a type-in parameter pCompany of String type, you can reference it in a formula to display the URL for a company dynamically.
 1. Create a formula named CompanyURL in the Formula Editor as follows:
 "http://www." + @pCompany + ".com"
 Here, you can either manually type @pCompany, or you can select it from the Parameters node in the Fields panel (if you choose this way, the @ sign will be automatically inserted).
 2. Insert the formula into a report.
 3. View the report result, and type the string Jinfonet when prompted to specify the parameter value for pCompany. You will then find that the value of the formula becomes _URL_.
There may be times you need to display the value of a multi-valued parameter. The built-in function join() assists with that. For example, the following expression will show a list of selected states separated by commas:
"Selected States : " + trim(join (@pStates,",")) + "\r\n"
Back to top
Referencing Special Fields in Formulas
You can also reference some special fields in formulas in the format fieldname. These special fields include: User Name, Print Date, Print Time, Fetch Date, Fetch Time, Modified Date, Modified Time, Record Number, Page Number, Global Page Number, Total Records and Total Fetched Records. They can all be divided into two types (page level and constant level) according to the time when their values are ready.
Page level
The value of this special field is ready at the time when the report result is generated. A formula which references a page-level special field is treated as a page-level formula. In which, the formula is calculated more than once.
The special fields of this type are: Fetch Date, Fetch Time, Print Date, Print Time, Record Number, Page Number, Global Page Number, Total Records and Total Fetched Records.
Constant level
The value of this special field is ready at any time before the engine runs. A formula which references a constant-level special field is treated as a constant-level formula, and is calculated only once.
The special fields of this type are: User Name, Modified Date and Modified Time.
Back to top
Using DBArray in Formulas
Logi Report Designer supports a multiple-value field, which contains a set of values in a single field, in a formula. Using the multiple value field is the same as using an array in a formula. You can refer to a field with multiple values as with a normal field in a formula, such as @FIELDNAME, and then use the array functions that Logi Report Designer provides in the Formula Editor to manipulate the values in it. Logi Report Designer first converts this field into a normal array, and then manipulates it in the usual way.
For example, normally an array in a formula is manually defined as follows:
Integer myArray[4]=[1, 2, 3, 4]; //Datatype ArrayName[ArraySize]=[ArrayContent];
The array may be referred to in this way:
integer myInt=3;
myInt in myArray;
If a field, named myField for example, contains a similar array value, it can be referred to similarly:
integer myInt=3;
myInt in @myField;
If you want to display all the values of an array, you can use the join() function to return a string of all the values.
Back to top
Formula Examples
Example 1: TerritoryUSA
In your sales report, you want Logi Report to print out which territory the customer belongs to according to the abbreviated state names stored in the State field. You can write the formula as follows:
if (@State in ["CT", "ME", "MA", "NH", "NY", "RI", "VT"]) {
 "NorthEast, USA";}
else if ( @State in ["DC", "DE", "MD", "NJ", "PA", "VA"]) {
 "MidAtlantic, USA";}
else if ( @State in ["CO", "ID", "KS", "MT", "NE", "NV", "NM", "ND", "SD", "UT"]) {
 "Rockies, USA";}
else if ( @State in ["AZ", "AR", "LA", "MO", "OK", "TX"]) {
 "South, USA";}
else if ( @State in ["AL", "FL", "GA", "MS", "NC", "SC"]) {
 "SouthEast, USA";}
else if ( @State in ["AK", "CA", "HI", "OR", "WA"]) {
 "West, USA";}
else if ( @State in ["IL", "IN", "LA", "KY", "MI", "MN",


[The Tech][overview][next]
The R in laser stands for radiation.
radiation image
Radiation is a word that has a bad reputation. It is a general term for anything that is radiated, or given off by an object. For lasers, radiation refers to the photons which are being emitted.
That's the last letter of laser and that's basically how a laser is made.
Light Amplification by the Stimulated Emission of Radiation
Learn more about light and photons.


text:
Exporting FE Mesh in DXF
Tips & Tricks
In RFEM, you can use the export function to export the generated FE mesh in DXF as a result. For this, open the export dialog box in the program and select 'ASCII Format - Results'. In addition to a result, for example isolines, you can select the FE Mesh in the 'Results - Isolines (.dxf)' tab. After the export, the mesh in DXF is available in the DL‑FE‑MESH layer.
Do you have questions or need advice?
Contact our free e-mail, chat, or forum support or find various suggested solutions and useful tips on our FAQ page.
Structural engineering software for finite element analysis (FEA) of planar and spatial structural systems consisting of plates, walls, shells, members (beams), solids and contact elements


text:
The seemingly simple task of deleting an Exchange Server database can sometimes be less than simple. I've seen...
By submitting your personal information, you agree that TechTarget and its partners may contact you regarding relevant content, products and special offers.
a number of situations in which Exchange Server appears to have trouble letting go of unwanted databases. So what do you do when you can't delete a database?
The most common cause for this problem is that Exchange Server won't allow you to delete a mailbox database if that database contains an existing user mailbox. Determine which mailboxes exist within the database and then move those mailboxes to a different database.
To get a list of the user mailboxes that exist within a database, enter the following command into the Exchange Management Shell, but replace with the actual mailbox database name:
Get-Mailbox –Database ""
If you determine that the database contains user mailboxes, you can issue a move request for those mailboxes by using this command:
Get-Mailbox –Database "" | New-MoveRequest –TargetDatabase ""
Exchange Server 2013 also makes use of public folder mailboxes. To remove a public folder mailbox, you'll use the same method as you do to remove user mailboxes, but you'll need to use the PublicFolder switch. For example, if you wanted to see a list of public folder mailboxes, you would use the following command:
Get-Mailbox – Database "" –PublicFolder
Similarly, use this command to move a public folder mailbox:
Get-Mailbox –Database "" –PublicFolder | New-MoveRequest –TargetDatabase ""
Notice that I didn't have to use the PublicFolder switch in the New-MoveRequest cmdlet.
It's not just user mailboxes and public folder mailboxes that can be problematic. Archive mailboxes can also cause problems. Exchange Server tries to help you by showing an error message that actually lists the command used to view a list of archive databases. The command Microsoft provides is:
Get-Mailbox –Database DatabaseID –Archive
However, this command doesn't always work as it should. A workaround is to run the Get-Mailbox cmdlet and filter the output based on the ArchiveDatabase attribute. This means compiling a list of mailboxes where the archive database attribute matches the name of the database you're trying to delete.
As an example, imagine you need to delete a database called "DB1." If you wanted to see a list of all the archive mailboxes within the database, you could use a command like this:
Get-Mailbox | Where-ArchiveDatabase –eq "DB1"
Moving mailboxes after they've been identified
Identifying the archive mailboxes is only the first step in deleting an Exchange Server database. Once those mailboxes have been identified, they need to be moved.
Once again, this can be accomplished using a move request. The New-MoveRequest command can be appended to the command that was used to identify the archive mailboxes. The full command might look like this:
Get-Mailbox | Where-ArchiveDatabase –eq "" | New-MoveRequest –ArchiveOnly –ArchiveTargetDatabase ""
Notice that this time the move request used the ArchiveTargetDatabase switch instead of the TargetDatabase switch. We also used the ArchiveOnly switch.
Once you remove the mailboxes from a database, you should be able to delete the database from the Exchange Administrative Center. However, because you are already in the Exchange Management Shell, it might be easier to remove the database using the command line:
Remove-MailboxDatabase –Identity ""
The key to being able to remove a mailbox database is to make sure there are no mailboxes in the database. Although this tip focuses on moving mailboxes to another server, you can delete the mailboxes using the Remove-Mailbox command.
About the author:
Brien Posey is an eight-time Microsoft MVP for his work with Windows Server, IIS, Exchange Server and file system storage technologies. Brien has served as CIO for a nationwide chain of hospitals and healthcare facilities, and was once responsible for IT operations at Fort Knox. He has also served as a network administrator for some of the nation's largest insurance companies.
Dig Deeper on Microsoft Exchange Server Mailbox Management


text:
Finding a home has never been easy for the Vancouver Art Gallery.
tap here to see other videos from our team.
Whether it's the current move into a brand new building or the first gallery, it's always been a challenge finding the money and the will to build a public art gallery for Vancouver.
Earlier in the 20th century, it took six years to build the first Vancouver Art Gallery.
The process started in 1925 when Henry Athelstan and his wife announced they would donate $50,000 in honour of their son who died in 1918. Stone and the initial founders added another $50,000 to make a $100,000 pot of money to buy art – if the city donated a site and a building. Council turned it down.
Next, the people of Vancouver had a say. They didn't like what they were hearing. They voted against spending $75,000 in public money to build a city art gallery.
A few years later, when the group of founders increased from the original five to 11, they sweetened the offer to the city: "We'll build the gallery if you donate the site."
Construction on the first VAG at 1145 West Georgia started in April, 1931. Six months later,it was opened. Vancouver had its first "palace of art," as The Vancouver Sun called the new gallery.
The building cost $50,000.
But it didn't take long before the original gallery became inadequate. When its outstanding Emily Carr collection was given to the gallery in 1945, the building wasn't physically big enough to put the works on permanent display for the public. About a year later, the first plans were proposed to spend $200,000 on an extension.
But even that went back and forth for years. Over time, the budget nearly doubled. In 1951, the renovated VAG with an Emily Carr Gallery finally opened.
The renovation and expansion cost $375,000.
"Money and space were always problems," wrote Eve Johnson in The Vancouver Sun.
Art in Vancouver has never had an easy time of it as Johnson recounted the history of the gallery in 1983 when it was about to move into its current home in the former Provincial Courthouse at 750 Hornby.
As before, the move into a new space took years of planning and endless meetings.
It started in 1967 when Tony Emery, the outspoken and innovative director, first suggested that the gallery was too small and needed to expand.
But it wasn't until 1975 that the process to find a new home started in earnest. After Emery's surprise resignation, Luke Rombout took over as director and launched a new and much different era at the gallery. Rombout, as Johnson wrote, "began working on acquiring a new and better building. The VAG began to bring back the businessmen and take the gallery to court."
(In fact, Take the Gallery to Court was the marketing tag for the move.)
Once all the political actors had decided that the Provincial Courthouse was going to be the gallery's home, it took five years of fundraising and two years of renovations to turn the house of law into an art gallery.
A big chunk of the money for the renovation was raised because of rising real estate prices. The city had agreed to put the proceeds of the sale of the 1145 West Georgia site toward the renovation. In 1978, when the city made that committment, the land was valued at $2.5 million.
By 1982, the value had dramatically increased. The city sold it to Manufacturer's Life Insurance for $12 million.
Opening day was Saturday, Oct. 15, 1983.
Cost of the renovation was $20.5 million.
Next on Art from the Archive: In 1983, Vancouver celebrated the new VAG
*Images, top to bottom: The former Provincial Courthouse being renovated to turn the fourth floor into exhibition space for the new Vancouver Art Gallery, May 4, 1982, Brian Kent: The Vancouver Sun; VAG renovation, Sept. 17, 1981, Mark van Manen: The Vancouver Sun; Luke Rombout, gallery director, on the steps of the gallery which was still under renovation, Jan. 8, 1983; and VAG under renovation Aug. 29, 1982, John Denniston: The Province.
I'm on Twitter @KevinCGriffin


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A 10-year-old from Maui converted her backyard into a native plant nursery to help save coral reefs. Abby Rogers, a volunteer with the nonprofit Coral Reef Alliance, has grown over 900 native plants in the past few months to trap sediment at Wahikuli, which runs into the ocean and smothers coral reefs.
Typically, CORAL purchases the plants and hosts volunteer planting days at restoration sites.
However, due to COVID-19 restrictions, volunteers were needed to grow the plants at home.
"I really wanted to help the environment, but all I could ever think of was using a straw or bringing my own bags to the store," said Rogers.
"My mom read about the CORAL project in a newspaper article and suggested it to me."
Rogers is one of 100 volunteers who signed up to grow 25,000 seeds for CORAL. Since not all seeds tend to germinate, CORAL estimates about 10,000 plants will be transplanted.
"She's our most prolific volunteer," said Larissa Treese, CORAL's Program Coordinator on Maui.
"It's so great seeing the next generation stepping up to save coral reefs — the amount of sediment we'll be able to trap with the plants she's growing will definitely have an impact."
To sign up to volunteer and receive your own at-home native planting kit, email _EMAIL_.


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Image: Deinonychus attacking
Deinonychus attacking a plant-eater.
- Michael Skrepnick
- © Michael Skrepnick
This illustration of Deinonychus antirrhopus hunting an plant-eater is based on fossils from Montana. These fossils provided some evidence for pack-hunting as all these dinosaurs apparently died at the same time. However, it is also possible that their deaths were due to fighting over the recent kill, rather than co-operative hunting.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


- General
 The lion dance is one of China's most distinctive cultural arts. The tradition dates back thousands of years. It is believed to have appeared in either the Tang, Han, or Ch'in dynasties, possibly in different forms. Other legends associated with lion dance include using the dance to chase away the monster "Nian." Often performed by kung fu schools, lion dancing brings with it good fortune, prosperity, and longevity. The lion dance appears in western countries mainly during celebrations such as Chinese New Year, the August Moon Festival, and other multi-cultural events. It is also often seen at the opening of new shops, weddings, births, or where good fortune and prosperity is wished. While lions are not native to China and were rarely seen in Ancient China, the lion somehow became a part of the Chinese culture. They are often seen carved outside of temples, and, of course, there is the lion dance. Often, the lion statues and costumes for lion dancing have no resemblance to an actual lion, probably due to the fact that actual lions were rarely seen. The bright colors were used to chase away evil spirits and bad luck. There are two major types of lion dancing evolved from Northern and Southern China, with the lion of the Northern style more so resembling an actual lion. However, both styles produce a very realistic portrayal of the lion. The dance can be performed freestyle or choreographed. The freestyle form is used mostly in parades. The choreographed dances are used in shows coordinated to a drum, gong, and cymbals.
 - Costume
 The lion heads take hours to construct. First, a frame is made from bamboo and wood. Then, paper mache is used to cover the frame. A thin cloth is added between layers of paper mache for extra strength. After the paper mache is dried, paint is applied in colorful patterns. A clear glossy coat is applied which also adds strength. Finally, the eyes, ears, fur, and other decorations are applied to finish the head. Before a head is used it must first have its eyes opened in a ceremony called Hoi Gong. For realism, the heads have moving mouth, eyes, and ears. There are several different types of heads, some even weighing as much as 35 pounds. However, movement is less about strength than coordination and timing. First off, the Northern and Southern heads and costumes are different. The Northern lion looks more like a real lion, with fur all over the body and a more anatomically correct head. The performers often wear leggings that add to the realism. The Southern lion head is more ornate and fancy. The body and tail is made of silk and has almost no fur. The best heads can be purchased for $1000 to $800 from Hong Kong or Malaysia. For about $500, heads can be purchased from Foshan (Buddha Mountain in Guangdong), but they only last for a few performances. Aside from the Foshan style head, there is the Heshan style that has more room inside because of a protruding nose and mouth.
 - Dance
 The dance sequence usually starts with the lion(s) cautiously coming out of a cave. He sniffs around for danger. Other elements of the dance include: giving respects by bowing, fighting if more than one lion is performing, sleeping, grooming,eating, and drinking. Many dances will also add in tricks such as lifts and rolls. These are difficult to coordinate between both dancers and other lions. Generally, each dance contains a sequence, called choy cheng, where the lion eats lettuce or other greens. In the United States, the green has come to mean prosperity because it is the color of money. However, the true meaning is that dealing out lettuce is fa tsai in Chinese, which sounds like "become prosperous" in Chinese. Often a red envelope, called hong bao, is attached as payment. After eating the lettuce, the lion crouches for a moment and then sprays the audience with it. Sometimes the lettuce is placed behind obstacles that the lion needs to pass to get it. Other exotic objects have been eaten with different meanings. Sometimes scrolls with lucky sayings are used when spraying lettuce is inappropriate. Other choreographed sequences may include a dancing Buddhist monk, called the Little Buddha, that provokes the lion, plays with it, and/or feeds it. Sometimes the lion will bite the monk. These are difficult to coordinate between both dancers and other lions.
 - Legend and Origins
 The legend says Nian was a fierce monster that especially liked kidnapping children. He terrorized villages year after year. Finally, one year, a lion defeated and chased the monster away, but Nian vowed to return the next year. This time, unfortunately, the villagers did not have a lion to protect themselves. So, they solved the problem by creating a costume in the likeness of a lion and two villagers used it to scare Nian away. This is the reason the lion dance is performed every Chinese New Year. Legend also says that loud noises from the drum, other instruments, and firecrackers helped to scare Nian away. Red is worn during the New Years celebration because it was also believed that Nian was afraid of the color red. Another origin of the lion dance is that an emperor of the Tang Dynasty had a dream in which a strange creature saved his life. When he woke, he described his dream. His advisors said the creature he described resembled the lion, a creature from the West. The emperor commissioned the lion dance in honor of the creature that saved his life. The Tang dynasty saw lion dancing at its peak. One record states that a dance performed for nobles contained 12 groups of 5 lions, each with 12 'lion-men' following each lion. They danced to 140 people singing the 'tai-ping' melody (composed in the Tang Dynasty). The Little Buddha originates from the Buddhist/Shaolin monks that was thought to have trained the first lion dancers. The Little Buddha is sometimes referred to as the dai tou fut, or big headed monk.
 - At MIT
 See examples of MIT Lion Dance performances.
 Here's the MIT Lion Dance Constitution.


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👀 The ColorReplica Vision
At its core, ColorReplica is all about playing with colors and understanding their essence. It's designed to let you interact with colors in two exciting ways: ColorPicker and ColorCube.
🎯 Core Functions
ColorPicker offers the following core functions:
- Color Selection: Choose the color you want from the available options.
- Brightness Control: Customize the brightness of your chosen colors to set the perfect ambiance.
- Mode Selection: In this section, the color display method will be selected.
ColorCube showcases these essential functions:
- Color Detection: Utilize the TCS34725 RGB sensor to detect the colors of various objects.
- Transmit Color Information: Send the detected color information to the main device.
- Color Replication: Replicate the detected color using WS2812B LEDs, visually representing the real-world colors.
- Color Information Display: The main device displays the detected color's values in RGB, HSV, and HEX formats.
🌟The Technology Behind ColorReplica
ColorReplica is driven by two primary devices: the ESP32 and the ESP8266, which work in harmony with various components to bring your colors to life. Key Components:
- ESP32: At the heart of the main device, the ESP32 is the central controller. It manages the WS2812B LEDs and displays color information on the SSD1306 OLED screen.
- ESP8266: The ESP8266 is the transmitter device. It is equipped with the TCS34725 RGB sensor, enabling color detection. Once it detects a color, it communicates this information to the main device for replication.
- WS2812B LEDs: These addressable RGB LEDs are the artistic tools for painting with light. With the ESP32's control, you can create stunning lighting effects.
- TCS34725 RGB Sensor: This sensor is the heart and soul of ColorCube. It senses the color of an object, capturing its essence for replication.
👀 Use Cases
Here are some inspiring use cases for ColorReplica:
- Art and Design: Artists and designers can use ColorReplica to find and replicate the exact colors they desire for their creative projects.
- Home Decor: Visualize how different colors will look in your living space by adjusting brightness and previewing them with LEDs.
- Education: ColorReplica can be a valuable tool for teaching color theory and principles.
- DIY Projects: Integrate ColorReplica into your DIY projects, from mood lighting to captivating color-changing displays.
- Fashion: Fashion designers and enthusiasts can match fabrics and materials with precision, ensuring that their creations stand out.
- Color Enthusiasts: For anyone who is passionate about colors, ColorReplica is a playground of possibilities and discoveries.
🚀 Get Started with ColorReplica
If you're excited to dive into the colorful world of ColorReplica, here's how to get started:
- Setup: Assemble the ESP32, ESP8266, WS2812B LEDs, and TCS34725 sensor following the project documentation.
- Code: Upload the project code to your ESP32 and ESP8266 devices.
- Exploration: Choose between ColorPicker and ColorCube and let your colorful adventure begin.
- Customization: Experiment with different colors, create mesmerizing lighting effects, and explore the world of color detection.
The project is built around two main components: the main device and the transmitter. The main device features an ESP32 and an SSD1306 OLED display, while the transmitter relies on an ESP8266 and a TCS34725 RGB sensor for color detection.
If you're interested in building this project on your own, the code is available on GitHub. Simply go to the GitHub repository, and download the code.
GitHub repository: github.com/cifertech/ColorReplica
🙌 Special Thanks to Our Sponsor: PCBWay
No project is complete without the right tools and materials. That's where our sponsor, PCBWay, stepped in to provide essential support for this project. PCBWay is a leading provider of high-quality printed circuit boards (PCBs) and...Read more »


for many ethnic cuisines. It is an attractive food because there are about 350 different shapes to choose from. Pasta gets made with unleavened dough and sometimes eggs, but the most common pasta types are those without eggs. Pasta without eggs is dried pasta that you often see boxed in the grocery store because they have a long shelf life. Noodles Noodles can get made from different materials, including rice. They can begin as dough like pasta is, but the flour to make noodles is finer than the flour used to make pasta. This results in a finer and smooth textured product that is soft enough to swallow whole. The name came from German and Latin words that explain that noodles are made with unleavened dough and cooked in boiling water. Noodles can be dense enough to add to casseroles and soups without becoming mushy. You often see them in long thin strips even though there are various noodle shapes. Pasta vs. Noodles Up until now you probably thought pasta and noodles were interchangeable. This is not the case because they have many differences from flour to varieties to calories. Flour Noodles get made with a finer flour while pasta gets made with a harder type of flour. The difference in flour makes noodles a lighter color and smoother texture. The carbs in noodles vs. pasta are pretty much exact. You enjoy beneficial complex carbohydrates from either of these dishes. If you are wondering "are noodles low carb?", the answer will depend on how much you eat. 100g of plain noodles and 100g of plain pasta both sit around 25g of carbohydrates. Types When it comes to pasta vs. noodles categories, they are based on the ingredient used to create them. For example, you can find potato noodles, rice noodles, and more. Pasta is a little more traditional. The dried and fresh varieties refer to not made with eggs and made with eggs. If we are talking about Italian pasta vs. noodles, we are referring to the fresh variety of pasta made with eggs. Calories The calorie content in pasta vs. noodles is similar, yet different enough to matter to some. The calories in pasta are generally a bit higher than in noodles at about 15 more per cup. Which Will You Choose? The rivalry between pasta vs. noodles is slight because they have similar nutritional values. The biggest difference you will find between the two is how they are made and the texture of each. It really comes down to what you prefer so which will you choose? Whether you are craving pasta or noodles, you can count on us. Check out our delivery options and place an order now! 1 2021-03-02 How to Choose the Best Wine for Your Italian Dish Wine and Italian dishes go hand-in-hand. The sweet flavors of red wine are perfect for everything from a simple pasta dish, down to the best tasting lasagna that you've ever had. But red wine is broad. Plus, there are white wines available as well. So how do you know which wine pairing to get for your dish? Here is our quick guide to wine pairing with Italian dishes. Creamy Dishes Think along the lines of Fettucini Alfredo when it comes to creamy dishes. For these, a good Chardonnay or other white wines will pair the best. These wines are often paired in contrast to the dish, bringing out fruity flavors where you would find the creamier herb-based flavors. If you're having mushrooms with your pasta dish, pairing with a merlot is never a bad choice. Red or Tomato-Based Dishes Red and tomato-based dishes go best when paired with red wines. While that may seem like an overload, wines like Montepulciano d'Abruzzo and Barbera d'Asti are perfect for adding in those light fruits. These wines are often dry and help offset the lighter, acidic taste that comes with tomato-based dishes. You'll find the scent overpowering the tomato. It'll feel pleasant to feel the wine overtaking the taste buds after each bite. Light or Pesto Dishes With light dishes that feature pesto as the sauce, stick with a light wine, usually a Chardonnay. With this pasta and wine pairing, you want the dish to be featured more effectively, as these dishes are not overloaded with sauce. This way, you can taste the herbs and spices put into the dish and taste the Chardonnay afterward. Instead of washing the dish down, it brings the flavor to light, often adding to the creamy and light texture that comes with pesto dishes. Cheese-Heavy Dishes The best lasagna wine pairing is going to be the Primitivo di Manduria. This wine features ripe and juicy flavors from strawberries and cherries. The wine typically mixes with the juices from the cheese and meat to create a wonderful partnership. If you're feeling ravioli, go the opposite route and pick up a Pinot Grigio. This light wine with a pear taste complements the combination of different cheeses within. Seafood Dishes If you like seafood in your dish, pick up a Reisling for the best results. The crisp nature often complements the salty meat that comes from the sea. If you're going with lobster though, a Chardonnay is still a great choice. The sauce paired with the seafood is often creamy, giving you a double infusion of beautiful textures, with a bite from the meat itself. Wine Pairing Isn't Limited to Our Recommendations At the end of the day, the sky's the limit when it comes to wine pairing. Feel free to experiment to find what wine works the best with your palate. While one person may enjoy Chardonnay with their Shrimp Scampi, you might enjoy a Reisling. Hungry after reading the article? Be sure to give us a call to get a to-go order started for you. 1 2021-02-23 5 Awesome Health Benefits of Pizza Is pizza your favorite "unhealthy" food? Did you know that roughly three billion pizzas are sold every year in the United States? That's a lot of cheese and dough! While pizza isn't one of the healthiest foods in the world, there are a few benefits to eating pizza. Do you need more reasons to eat pizza? We've got them. Not sure if we're telling the truth? That's okay, let's talk about it. Keep reading to learn all about some of the health benefits of pizza that you've never heard about. 1. Pizza is a Protein Powerhouse Do you get enough protein in your diet? This is one area in which pizza undeniably shines. It doesn't matter what kind of pizza you're getting; you'll get a protein punch. Protein makes up the content of your nails, hair, muscles, and bones. It keeps you moving, energized, and strong. We all need adequate protein to get strong and stay healthy. If you choose to get meat on your pizza, you know you'll have lean (or not so lean) protein piled onto your pie. Even if you don't like meat, cheese alone is a great source of protein! Pizza as a post-workout dinner? Yes, please. 2. Red Sauce is Good for You


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Optimizing MD parametrization on the basis of QM
Post date: Aug 2, 2012 3:32:49 PM
How to check if MD geometry (caused by the current parametrization) is consistent with the QM one.
Note that QM is computed in vacuo with gaussian03 and may be very slow.
- Parametrize the fragment
- Run a short MD run, preferably of solvated system
- Compute (or check visually) the average structure
QM part (based on Gaussian)
module add ambertools module add gaussian antechamber -i BEN.pdb -fi pdb -o BEN.gin -fo gcrt -nc 1 -pf y # optionally add: -gm "%mem=1000MB" -gn "%nproc=8"
BEN.gin and change the first line in… (not necessary?)
_TAG_/6-31G* Test opt. Then:
g03 BEN.gin antechamber -i BEN.log -fi gout -o BEN-QM.pdb -fo pdb -nc 1 -pf y
This gives you
BEN-QM.pdb, that you should compare with the structure computed in the first step.
IMPORTANT 1. In presence of symmetry, geometry can converge to a wrong minimum. In doubt, start from non-symmetric structures (e.g. add noise)!
IMPORTANT 2. If you get "Write error in NtrExt1: Bad address" or similar: gaussian only works on mio and a few other machines due to the "va address randomization". Ask sysadmins to disable.
Runs on 4 cores by default: 30' for BEN on mio.
If you want to improve the parametrization of the MD structure:
- Identify the torsion angle to be changed (e.g. ca-ca-c2-n3 for BEN)
- Check that it is used only once in the system (parameters are defined by atom type)
- Identify the direction of the change required (e.g.: multiplicity? minimum? harmonic constant?)
- Put the changed parameter in a
DIHE ca-ca-c2-n3 1 1.500 000.000 4.000
- Load the frcmod together with the others, and build the system as usual
- Repeat the MD step until sufficient accuracy.


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In the diagram below, tangentis perpendicular to diameter at. is the intersection of with the circle.
is a diameter with,,, and all collinear. If the measure of is more than the measure of, what is the measure of in degrees?
Lethave measure and measure. Thus.
is a diameter, so arcs and add up to. Therefore,
Combined with we can solve for and. Thus measures.
The correct answer is: 34
Can someone please explain how to get 180 - (90 + x) = 2y?


What does wheel PCD mean? - Wheel-Fitment.com - PCD, Offset, Center Bore, mounting and tire size data
Deutsch EU English US English Nederlands Belgisch French
What is PCD?
The bolt circle is the circle determined by the positions of the bolts; the center of every bolt lies on the circumference of the bolt circle.
The important measurement is the "pitch circle diameter" (PCD), usually expressed in millimeters, although inches are sometimes used. For a 4- or 6-bolt car, this measurement is merely the distance between the center of two diametrically opposite bolts. In the 4-bolt picture this would be the distance between 2 opposite holes.
Steek met 4 boutgaten Steek met 6 boutgaten
Some basic geometry is needed to find the center of a 5-bolt pattern: But basically, the PCD can be found by multiplying the center distance between any two adjacent holes by 1.701.
Or just draw an imaginary circle throught the center of all holes, now measure the diameter of this circle.
Steek met 5 boutgaten
Copyright (c) 2009-2014 Wheel-Fitment.com. All rights reserved.
Wheel-Fitment.com is not responsible for the consequences of any (type) errors on this site.


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Pupils win the debate on Europe
Ten school teams of pupils from years 5 and 6 in primary and middle schools in Bedford took part in the inaugural debates of The Bedford Junior Debate Academy.
Despite strong spirited and imaginative opposition from Cauldwell Primary School, the team from Livingstone Primary succeeded in persuading the audience that Britain should remain a full member of the European Union.
Other topics debated included proposals that we should end financial inequality by encouraging the rich to share their wealth with the poor (won), that there should be greater restrictions on the use of social media for children under 16 (lost), and that the voting age should be lowered to 12 years of age (won). A further motion that teachers should be replaced by computers was opposed vigorously by the team from Putnoe Primary School, as a result of which the motion was lost - to the great relief of the teachers present!
The chairman's awards for the best proposition team went to Queens Park Academy, and for the best opposition team to Cauldwell Primary.
The organiser of the event, Dr Tony Wood of the English-Speaking Union, praised the young debaters.
He said: "This is the first time a formal inter-school debating competition for children this young has been held in Bedfordshire. They were magnificent."


Milestone-Proposal:Mercury Spacecraft MA-6
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Docket #:2009-12
This Proposal has been approved, and is now a Milestone Nomination
Is the achievement you are proposing more than 25 years old?
Did the achievement provide a meaningful benefit for humanity?
Was it of at least regional importance?
Has an IEEE Organizational Unit agreed to arrange the dedication ceremony?
Year or range of years in which the achievement occurred:
February 20, 1962
Title of the proposed milestone:
Mercury Spacecraft MA-6
Plaque citation summarizing the achievement and its significance:
In what IEEE section(s) does it reside?
St. Louis Section
IEEE Organizational Unit(s) arranging the dedication ceremony:
IEEE section(s) monitoring the plaque(s):
Milestone proposer(s):
Boeing Bldg 100, St. louis, MO
The milestone plaque will be mounted at or near the entrance of the James S. McDonnell Prologue Room: An Air and Space History Exhibit. The Prologue Room is located in The Boeing Company Building 100, headquarters for Boeing's Integrated Defense Systems business. This will provide public access to view the plaque. Inside the Prologue Room, there is an exact replica (mock-up engineering design fixture) of the Mercury Spacecraft MA-6 that Col. John Glenn piloted thru 3 earth orbits. The Mercury Spacecraft were designed, developed, and tested in nearby buildings less than 200 yards from where the plaque will reside.
Are the original buildings extant?
Details of the plaque mounting:
The Prologue room is open to the public during the summer months and is visited by more than 5,000 non-Boeing people every year. In addition, the Prologue Room is used by The Boeing Company to explain the vast history of the company to domestic and foreign dignitaries. In addition, middle school students are given tours of the Prologue Room. They learn the mechanics of flight and they are encouraged to consider careers in math, science, and engineering. There is a visitor's parking lot next to Bldg 100 where the public may park and walk to the site of the milestone plaque. The Prologue is a secure area and Boeing provides daily security patrols of the area. The Prologue Room (site of Mercury Capsule MA-6 ) is inside the secure area of Bldg 100
Who is the present owner of the site(s)?
Mercury Spacecraft MA-6, with Col John Glenn as pilot, was the first United States manned orbital flight. It occurred on February 20, 1962. He named his spaceship Friendship 7. This established the United States foundation for future spaceflight, eventually resulting in the landing on the moon of humans.
When the request for proposals was issued by NASA, there had not been a manned spaceflight by the United States. Amazingly, James S. McDonnell, founder of the McDonnell Aircraft Company, dedicated resources and personnel to design a spacecraft capable of putting humans into space and returning them safely to earth at least two years before the signing of the Project Mercury contract. Because space flight was different than conventional air flight electrical systems had new challenges. The electrical and electronics systems had to be able to operate in a new environment including but not limited to the vacuum of space, the weightlessness of orbital flight, and the rigors of launch and recovery. MAC electrical and electronics engineers took extra precautions because the spacecraft had to be
What features set this work apart from similar achievements?
Col Glenn's flight was the second manned orbital spaceflight. The first was USSR Yuri Gargarin's orbital spaceflight. However, Glenn's space flight was set apart by the electrical and electronic systems invented by the MAC engineers, some being members of IRE and then subsequently IEEE. Its systems epitomize the field of interest of the IEEE Aerospace and Electronics Systems Society. Project Mercury's electronics included Navigation and control instruments; auto pilot; rate stabilization and control, manual proportional control system and Fly-By-Wire (FBW)manual-electrical system. The FBW manual-electrical systems proved critical to Friendship 7's mission success because a yaw attitude control jet apparently clogged at the end of the first orbit, forcing astronaut Glenn to abandon the automatic control system for the manual-electrical fly-by-wire system. (ref


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Before a single barrel of crude oil is shipped to an awaiting ship at Saudi Aramco's terminal in Ras Tanura, operators must certify the purity of the crude oil in their tanks. A new technology, called ground level optical water cut (GLOW), allows to check the water content of a crude oil shipment in a safe and timely manner.
Traditional methods used by the industry for verifying the water content of crude oil have not changed much over the decades. In most oil terminals around the world, an operator is sent to the top of a crude oil tank to lower a depth gauge coated with chemicals that identify how much water rests. Strong winds or rains have been a constant challenge, preventing operators from the risk of climbing tanks for hours or even days — a costly delay for both the company and its customers.
The GLOW innovation allows operators to verify the water content of a crude oil shipment in a safe and timely manner, without putting operators at risk. It utilizes an optical glass and a series of pipes in a closed looping system, extended into the tank. The system provides the same accuracy with much less risk of exposure to heights and toxic gases. This will reduce the total man-hours by more than 80% over the conventional method.
Safety as an inspiration
"The main reason for this technology is safety for the operator," said Shaker M. Al Mahrous, manager of Saudi Aramco's Terminal Operations. "The GLOW device will disrupt the conventional way of performing water cut activity and will reset the industrial standards. This solution eliminates the main cause of incidents in the industry, which is falling from heights.
"And yet, this solution still allows us to provide the verification that our customers need. GLOW allows us to see what water is in the tank in an instant, without the risk to our personnel," he added.
Developed and tested entirely within the company by Fahad S. Alnamasi, an engineer, the genius of the GLOW solution is its simplicity. A series of seven pipes are installed in seven different elevations from the bottom of the tank. When the operator needs to know the water content, he just needs to open a valve to let the fluid from a certain pipe flow into the header where the contents can be viewed through an optical glass.
"I wanted to make the innovation as simple as possible because the cost is cheap," said Alnamasi. "The sight glass is $1,000. If you include the pipes, the total cost is about $5,000. This compares with millions for higher technology solutions. A small investment with huge returns; enhancing safety, avoiding ships delays, improving quality, and saving costs."


text:
Vocabulary: concord: my favourite fruit is/ are....
An explanation and advice on teaching subject - verb agreement.
Is there a rule to apply to the sentences I mentioned above? Could you help with my questions?
Roy, your fascinating question concerns what is called, technically, concord, or, more generally, agreement. That is, the agreement of subject and verb. So, to take your example (but avoiding fruit for the moment): My favourite animal is the elephant. Here we have concord between the (singular, countable) subject and the verb. We also have agreement between the singular subject and the complement (the elephant). We could equally well say: My favourite animals are elephants. Again concord rules.
In the occasional case where the subject is singular and the complement is plural, the verb agrees with the subject, not the complement. So: My favourite meal is baked beans. Not *My favourite meal are baked beans. (The asterisk is the device traditionally used to show a grammatically unacceptable example). This, by the way, explains My favourite food is noodles, noodles being almost always thought of in the plural.
However, there is another issue involved, and that is the way we use nouns to talk generically, that is, about classes of things. When we say My favourite animals are elephants, we are talking about elephants as a class, rather than any specific and identifiable elephants (in which case we would say My favourite animals are the elephants – e.g. the ones in the zoo). With countable nouns there are three options when talking generically:
An elephant is a mammal.The elephant is a mammal.Elephants are mammals.
With uncountable nouns, there is only one option – the "zero article":
Carbon is an element.
So far so good. But your example with fruit somewhat complicates things, since fruit has two plural forms: the more common fruit, as in The tree is pretty but its fruit are poisonous. And fruits, as in Mangoes and pineapples are tropical fruits. (The fact that fruit can also be uncountable, as in Fruit is good for you, need not concern us here, since in the context of my favourite fruit we are talking about one fruit among many, and hence making it countable).
Taking all this into account, we now need to explain why the following seem acceptable (and, indeed, are acceptable when you try them out on native speakers):
1. My favourite fruit are apples2. My favourite fruit is apples.
Less likely, but grammatical, are:
3. My favourite fruit is the apple.4. My favourite fruits are apples.
Example 1 is easily explained, since fruit here is the plural form, and hence the example follows the pattern: My favourite animals are elephants.
Example 2 I can only explain as being singular fruit (analogous to My favourite animal…) but that the plural apples is the generic form – a slightly less pompous-sounding way of saying 3. My favourite fruit is the apple. Nevertheless, when questioned about example 2, native speakers feel a bit uncomfortable, recognising it as being somehow deviant, but the best of a bad job. Example 4 might be an attempt to be hypercorrect, with regard to concord, but it is only really likely in cases like My favourite fruits are apples and pears.
If example 2 is acceptable (and I think it is), it raises the question: why can't we say My favourite animal is elephants? The reason is, I think, that it is not unusual to think of apples, generically, in quantities of more than one, but not elephants. In fact, the smaller you get, the more likely it is you would use a plural:
3) My favourite fruit is cherries.
|Compare: My favourite fruit is the cherry|
4) My favourite vegetable is peas.
|Compare: My favourite vegetable is the pea. My favourite vegetables are peas|
This also accounts for your watermelon and pineapplecases, I think. My favourite fruit is watermelons conjures up images of eating several at one sitting. The uncountable, zero article, generic watermelon gets round the concord problem, and conjures up an acceptable image of tucking into a watermelon without necessarily eating it all. But it doesn't work for apple: *My favourite fruit is apple.Uncountable apple and countable apple are very different items, in the way that uncountable watermelonand countable watermelon are not.
So, as a general rule, I'd say that, when talking generically, the smaller the item, the more likely it is we will pluralise it. (I like cherries). For bigger items, use an uncountable form, if possible. (I like watermelon). If not, let concord rule. (My favourite animals are woolly mammoths).


text: This paper describes more efficient home energy management system to reduce power consumption in home area. We consider the room easily controllable with an IR remote control of a home appliance. The room has power outlets, a light, and a ZigBee hub. The ZigBee hub has an IR code learning function and educates the IR remote control signal of a home appliance connected to the power outlet. Then it can control the power outlets and the light in the room. The ZigBee hubs in each room communicate with the home server and report the power consumption information to the home server. The proposed architecture gives more efficient energy-saving HEMS.


text:
If it wasn't for my horse... January 25, 2013 8:51 AMSubscribe
Why did men stop wearing high heels?* A History of High-Heeled Shoes. In the early 1700s, France's King Louis XIV (The Sun King) would often wear intricate heels decorated with miniature battle scenes. Called "Louis heels," they were often as tall as five inches. The king decreed that only nobility could wear heels that were colored red (les talons rogue) and that no one's heels could be higher than his own.


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Each plastic card is tied toa certain personal account, and it is on it that all the money resources of the bank's customer are stored. Some owners of such cards never even think about why they need an account number and where it can be found out. Others need it almost every day for various operations. There are three main ways to find out the personal account of the Savings Bank. But first you need to talk about why this account is needed.
What is a personal account?
A personal account is a special combination of numbers, towhich is attached to a plastic card. Each card, regardless of whether it is debit or credit, has its own number. It is on this personal account that all money is transferred, on which they are kept.
Some clients of the Savings Bank mistakenly believe thatthis number is printed on the front of the card. In fact, this is not the account number, but the card number itself. Information about it you can find in our article - How to find the card account number. A personal account number is printed on an envelope, which is issued to the customer in the bank when opening an account.
How to find out a personal account in Sberbank
There are three main ways to find out the account number:
- The easiest way is to find the bank envelope andlook at the account number on it. It is printed on the front side and consists of 16 digits. But this option is only suitable in cases where the envelope is at hand.
- You can try to find this number in the network. So, the service "Sberbank online" allows you to find out the personal account within a few minutes. However, for this it is necessary to be already registered user in the system.
- And the third option is to call in the helpservice of the bank or contact the nearest branch personally. In the first case, Sberbank will allow you to find out the personal account of the card only if you remember a special code word or a combination of numbers that was called at the time of writing the application for issuing the card. At a personal visit to the bank, a code word is not needed.
Sometimes for transfers or otheroperations you need to know and the details of the bank itself. And about how Sberbank customers can learn them, you will be told our article - How to find out the details of Sberbank.


Fun Facts About Click Languages
Fun Facts About Click Languages
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What's up with click languages? Did you know that "click consonants" are found only in certain African languages? Do you want to learn more about them? Here are 7 interesting facts about these intriguing languages:
"Clicks" Are Found in Only 24-38 Living Languages
Clicks have nonverbal meanings (like indicating disapproval or sympathy) in English and many other languages. But they're only used as consonants in 24 to 38 living languages. Why the uncertainty? Sometimes, it's hard to differentiate between a language and a dialect. Regardless, all of these languages are spoken in Africa. There is also an extinct Aboriginal language from Australia that uses them, but it was never used for day-to-day communication.
The largest language family with clicks is the Khoisan "family." The scare quotes are because linguists no longer believe that all of the languages in this family are actually closely related. Click consonants seem to be the only thing that ties them together.
Click consonants are the defining feature of the Khoisan languages, but neighbouring languages like Zulu and Xhosa also incorporate them. Linguists believe clicks spread to these languages through intermarriage and interaction with the neighbouring San peoples.
One interesting theory about how this may have happened is described here:
In the Zulu and Xhosa cultures (less so in some areas now), certain people are not supposed to say the names of certain other people, or even say things that sound like their names.... what sound could you use that wouldn't make it a different word that might mean something else, and would still make it understandable? The Khoisan wives knew just what to use: clicks.
As Khoisan wives used their native clicks to censor themselves, eventually the clicks became associated with polite/formal speech. From there, they spread to become an integral part of the language.
The Taa or!Xoõ Language Has the Most Consonants of Any Language
The Taa or!Xoõ language has 164 consonants, including more than 100 click sounds! For comparison, English has 24 consonant sounds. French has 22, and Welsh has 31.
To hear what a conversation in !Xoõ sounds like, watch the video below:
"Click languages" may be the oldest languages in the world.
Did the first spoken human language include clicks? Some scientists think so.
Language everywhere is constantly changing, even today. If you don't believe me, go find a teenager and strike up a conversation. So, how can we know what the first-ever human language sounded like? We can't... but we can make an educated guess.
In 2003, Stanford geneticists analyzed mitochondrial DNA from two groups of click speakers: the Ju|'hoansi of the Kalahari desert and the Hadzabe of Tanzania. Both groups are among the most ancient cultures, with mitochondrial DNA that links them to the dawn of humanity. Despite this, they aren't closely related. In fact, the Stanford scientists described them as "on the opposite sides of the root." They've had almost no contact with each other almost since humans became humans.
But both languages have clicks. As the New York Times explained,
Unless each group independently invented click languages at some later time, that finding implies that click languages were spoken by the very ancient population from which the Hadzabe and the Ju|'hoansi descended. "The divergence of those genetic lineages is among the oldest on earth," Dr. Knight said. "So one could certainly make the inference that clicks were present in the mother tongue."
How do you write clicks?
It depends on the language and the type of click in question. In general, Xhosa and other Bantu languages use the Roman letters c, q, and x, either by themselves or in digraphs. Khoisan languages use exclamation points and other symbols based on a vertical bar called a "pipe" to indicate clicks.
So, the "!" in the word!Kung indicates a click, as does the vertical bar in "Ju|'hoansi".
The "click language" in "The Gods Must Be Crazy" is!Kung.
If you've ever watched "The Gods Must Be Crazy" and wondered about the mystery language the tribe in the movie speaks, wonder no longer. It's the Juǀ'hoan dialect of!Kung. The!Kung actor, Nǃxau ǂToma, lived a traditional life before starring in the film. Initially, Nǃxau received less than $2,000 compensation for his role.
After the film grossed over $100 million, the filmmakers eventually gave him an additional $20,000 and a monthly stipend.
Click languages may sound exotic to Western ears. But to native speakers, they are no more unusual than "A is for apple" or "B is for boy." As South African singer and activist, Miriam Makeba says in the recording below,
"Everywhere we go, people often ask me, 'How do you make that noise. It used to offend me because it isn't a noise. It's my language."
We'll leave you with a link to this video of Makeba singing "The Click Song," or, more properly, "Qongqothwane." You'll have to turn the volume all the way up, but it's worth it to hear her break down Xhosa pronunciations.


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Light, a material
emdelight®-glass is the innovative material for creative architects, interior designers and product designers.
Light as opposed to lighting
When it's light, the panels appear as high-grade, slightly translucent glass. When it's dark, they transform into a source of light. Without the use of filters, the self-lighting glass converts light into individual, versatile design media.
- Light emits from one or two opposing edges of the glass into the glass.
- The glass is coated with a white or coloured screen pattern.Each dot screens the emitted light according to the screen configuration.
- The screen structure is calculated based on panel size and pane thickness to produce a harmonious distribution of light throughout the glass.
- The panes are coated with ceramic inks. The ink is baked to create a durable coat that is scratchproof, colourfast, acid and alkaline resistant and thermally stable.
- The average coverage or screen percent per pane of 12-15 percent largely preserves the transparent character.
- Glass with a low iron oxide content (white glass), which is especially pure and clear, is used.
emdelight®-glass comes in various configurations, making it extremely versatile:
- Single-pane, tempered safety glass
- Laminated safety glass
- Insulated glass
- Flat or round shaped glass
- Slightly translucent plastics (e.g. acrylic)
- 1600 mm x 3000 mm
- is max. size for homogeneous illumination
- Pane thickness is between 8 and 15 mm
- Custom sizes are available; consult factory or sales agent
- Reduced electricity consumption
- Electrically safe due to operation on safety low voltage (max. 48 V )
- Unrivalled long service life
- Minimum thermal stress
- Extremely compact dimensions mean little installation space is required


How does Smartcat handle repetitions?
During the project word count analysis, Smartcat identifies segments that are repeated both inside individual documents but also across all the documents in a project. Smartcat offers multiple options to deal with these repetitions. These options can be selected by the project manager in which case they will apply to all project participants. If no option is selected by the PM, the translation team will be free to choose how to deal with the repetitions individually. That last option might not be ideal as it might lead to uneven workloads since some users might choose not to share repetitions with the rest of the team.
The project manager can choose the repetition options in the Files tab of the project page:
This will bring up the following dialog box:
Option (1) is the main option - this will tell Smartcat that repeated segments are to be propagated automatically throughout the project when checked. Option (2) indicates how to deal with repetitions are using a different case (lower or upper): Use the original case - When inserting the repetition, Smartcat will match the case of the new segment. For example if the previous segment was "continued" but the new segment is "Continued", the text will be replaced automatically because it's a text repetition, but the translation will start with an upper case letter to match the new segment. Use the match case - Smartcat will ignore the capitalization of the new segment and use what was used in the segment that was previously translated. In our last example, the translation would now start with a lower case letter.
Option (3) instructs Smartcat to propagate translation to segments even if they have been confirmed already. This is helpful if for example the translators goes back to a repeated segments and makes a change.
And finally option (4) instructs Smartcat to apply the status of the current segment to all the other repeated segments. So once the translator marks the segment confirmed for one stage, all other repetitions will be confirmed as well for that stage.
In the editor, the translation team can change the auto-propagation options if the PM has not selected any.
Inside the editor, there is also an option to exclude segments from repetitions. Repetitions are indicated by a down arrow under the segment number:
By clicking on the arrow, we can mark the segment as being excluded from repetitions:
This can be useful when dealing with titles or picture caption where sentence can be cut in half and we don't want these segments to be repeated.
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Labial commissure of mouth
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Labial commissure of mouth
Fourteen Nylon sutures used to approximate the edges of this left cheek laceration, extending from the left commisure towards the left ear, allowing it to heal with considerably less scarring than it would without sutures.
Latin commissura labiorum oris
TA A05.1.01.012
FMA FMA:77268
Anatomical terminology
The commisure is important in facial appearance, particularly during function such as smiling. As such it is of interest to dental surgeons.
Diseases that involve the commisure include angular chelitis.
See also[edit]


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Have you ever wondered which national park to visit that aligns perfectly with your zodiac sign's characteristics?
Nature has a way of resonating with our individual personalities,
and exploring a national park that suits your zodiac traits can enhance your outdoor experience.
In this article, we'll take a journey through the stunning landscapes of various national parks,
matching each zodiac sign to a park that encapsulates its unique qualities.
Aries (March 21 – April 19): Grand Canyon National Park
Aries, known for their adventurous spirit and boundless energy, will find their match in the Grand Canyon National Park.
Just like the bold and dynamic Aries, this iconic park offers breathtaking vistas and challenging trails that encourage them to conquer new heights.
Taurus (April 20 – May 20): Great Smoky Mountains National Park
Taurus, the earth sign known for their love of beauty and serenity,
will find solace in the tranquil landscapes of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park.
With its gentle rolling hills, lush forests, and diverse wildlife, Taurus individuals can indulge their senses and connect with the natural world.
Gemini (May 21 – June 20): Yosemite National Park
Yosemite National Park's diverse range of experiences mirrors Gemini's multifaceted nature.
From the serene meadows to the roaring waterfalls and challenging rock formations,
Geminis can satisfy their curiosity and adaptability in this ever-changing landscape.
Cancer (June 21 – July 22): Acadia National Park
Cancer's nurturing and intuitive personality aligns with the calming beauty of Acadia National Park.
The serene lakes, rocky shores, and lush forests provide the perfect backdrop for self-reflection and emotional connection.
Leo (July 23 – August 22): Yellowstone National Park
Just as Leo commands attention and radiates energy,
Yellowstone's geothermal wonders and diverse wildlife capture the essence of this fire sign's vibrant spirit.
The geysers and hot springs mirror Leo's fiery nature and desire to stand out.
Virgo (August 23 – September 22): Shenandoah National Park
Virgos' attention to detail and love for organization find harmony in Shenandoah's well-maintained trails and thoughtfully designed landscapes.
The park's serene beauty encourages Virgos to embrace their introspective side.
Libra (September 23 – October 22): Arches National Park
Libras, drawn to beauty and balance, will be enchanted by the delicate arches and stunning rock formations of Arches National Park.
The interplay of light and shadow appeals to their aesthetic sensibilities.
Scorpio (October 23 – November 21): Olympic National Park
Olympic National Park's dramatic coastline, mysterious rainforests,
and rugged mountains resonate with Scorpio's depth and intensity.
This park invites Scorpios to explore their passions and uncover hidden treasures.
Sagittarius (November 22 – December 21): Zion National Park
Sagittarius, the free-spirited adventurer, will find their match in Zion National Park's dramatic landscapes and challenging trails.
Just as Sagittarius seeks new horizons, this park offers breathtaking vistas and thrilling experiences.
Capricorn (December 22 – January 19): Rocky Mountain National Park
Capricorns' determined and disciplined nature aligns with the rugged beauty of Rocky Mountain National Park.
The challenging hikes and towering peaks reflect Capricorn's pursuit of personal achievements.
Aquarius (January 20 – February 18): Joshua Tree National Park
The unconventional and visionary Aquarius will be captivated by Joshua Tree's unique desert landscapes and otherworldly rock formations.
This park sparks Aquarius' creativity and encourages them to think outside the box.
Pisces (February 19 – March 20): Hawaii Volcanoes National Park
Pisces' dreamy and empathetic nature finds solace in the transformative landscapes of Hawaii Volcanoes National Park.
The active volcanoes and lush rainforests inspire Pisces to connect with the earth's powerful forces.
Exploring national parks that align with your zodiac sign can be a truly rewarding and enriching experience.
Each park's distinctive features and landscapes resonate with the qualities that make each zodiac sign unique.
So, whether you're an adventurous Aries or a dreamy Pisces,
there's a national park waiting to connect with your inner nature.
Can I visit a national park that doesn't match my zodiac sign?
Absolutely! While the zodiac-based recommendations add an interesting twist,
all national parks offer their own unique charm and can be enjoyed by anyone.
What if I don't believe in astrology?
You can still appreciate the beauty of the national parks mentioned in this article.
Think of the zodiac signs as a fun way to guide your choice, but the parks' appeal is universal.
Are there other factors to consider when choosing a national park?
Yes, factors like accessibility, climate, and personal interests should also play a role in your decision-making.
Can I visit more than one recommended park?
Of course! If you have the opportunity, visiting multiple parks can offer a diverse range of experiences.
Do I need to be an experienced hiker to enjoy these parks?
Not necessarily. Many national parks have trails suitable for various skill levels,
so you can find an experience that matches your comfort level.


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Views: 0 Author: Site Editor Publish Time: 2020-12-11 Origin: Site
Hydrostatic pressure is the ability of a fabric to seep under a certain pressure. It applies to all kinds of fabrics, including those that have been waterproofed.
The water resistance of the fabric is related to the water resistance of the fiber, yarn and fabric structure, and the measured results are different from that of water spray and rain on the fabric surface. The hydrostatic pressure method is used to measure the water resistance of fabrics, including static pressure method and dynamic pressure method. Static pressure method is to apply hydrostatic pressure on one side of the fabric, and measure the hydrostatic value under the hydrostatic pressure, the time of water drop, and the hydrostatic value at a certain amount of water flow. The hydrostatic value can be the height of the column of water or the pressure. In the actual measurement, the water penetration per unit area and per unit time (mL/cm2·h) is measured. For waterproof fabrics, measure the time it takes for water droplets to appear on the other side of the sample, or observe the amount of water droplets on the other side after a certain period of time.


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Mount Vinson lies in the southern portion of the Sentinel Range of the Ellsworth Mountains in Antarctica. At nearly eighty degrees South, it is a mere eight hundred miles from the South Pole. Mount Vinson, at 16,067 feet, has the distinction of being the highest point in our planet's last great wilderness, as well as being in one of the most inaccessible ranges in the world. In fact, until recently, climbing Mount Vinson was logistically almost impossible.
It was not until 1985, when Adventure Network International started providing full logistical support for expeditions to the Antarctic interior, that Mt. Vinson was considered more accessible. Aventuras Patagonicas Expeditions to Mt. Vinson will be supported by ANI aircrafts.
We have been successfully guiding Mt Vinson since we began this program several seasons ago.
Climbing Vinson is challenging! The expedition requires a sincere commitment, considering the remoteness of the region. The climate poses a great challenge as well. Mt. Vinson is located in one of the coldest climates on earth, with temperatures ranging from -30F and even -40F below zero. Participants must have experience with winter mountaineering and be in excellent physical condition.


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This is a pretty simple Django question, but I can't find the answer in the Django docs, despite lots of hunting!
How do I check whether an object already exists, and only add it if it does not already exist?
Here's the code - I don't want to add the follow_role twice in the database if it already exists. How do I check first? Use get() maybe - but then will Django complain if get() doesn't return anything?
current_user = request.user follow_role = UserToUserRole(from_user=current_user, to_user=user, role='follow') follow_role.save()
There's a helper function for this idiom called 'get_or_create' on your model manager:
role, created = UserToUserRole.objects.get_or_create( from_user=current_user, to_user=user, role='follow')
It returns a tuple of (model, bool) where'model' is the object you're interested in and 'bool' tells you whether it had to be created or not.


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Derived Types: PolygonB, PolygonN
An abstract class that serves as a base to its derived types, representing a collection of one or more exterior and interior rings..
The rings do not need to be connected to or
contained by other rings in the polygon. However,
all rings are considered to be part of a single polygon regardless of
their location. Rings can be embedded in the interior
of other rings. Embedded rings define interior
boundaries or holes within the polygon. Exterior
rings are oriented in a clockwise direction while interior rings are oriented
In general, you will work with the normalized polygon type PolygonN, whether creating a polygon or working with a polygon returned from a service request. See the discussion on binary and normalized geometry for more information. When constructing a PolygonN with overlapping rings in the same direction, the server will simplify the polygon for you. If two rings overlap, the overlapping area will be considered an interior ring (hole). If three rings overlap, the overlapping area will be considered an exterior ring and so on.


You are here
Budgeted Optimization with Concurrent Stochastic-Duration Experiments
TitleBudgeted Optimization with Concurrent Stochastic-Duration Experiments
Publication TypeConference Paper
Year of Publication2011
AuthorsAzimi, J., A. Fern, and X. Z. Fern
Secondary AuthorsShawe-Taylor, J., R. S. Zemel, P. Bartlett, F C N. Pereira, and K. Q. Weinberger
Conference NameAdvances in Neural Information Processing Systems 24
Date Published12/2011
Conference LocationGranada, Spain
Budgeted optimization involves optimizing an unknown function that is costly to evaluate by requesting a limited number of function evaluations at intelligently selected inputs. Typical problem formulations assume that experiments are selected one at a time with a limited total number of experiments, which fail to capture important aspects of many real-world problems. This paper defines a novel problem formulation with the following important extensions: 1) allowing for concurrent experiments; 2) allowing for stochastic experiment durations; and 3) placing constraints on both the total number of experiments and the total experimental time. We develop both offline and online algorithms for selecting concurrent experiments in this new setting and provide experimental results on a number of optimization benchmarks. The results show that our algorithms produce highly effective schedules compared to natural baselines.


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A while back in this thread, before Eric Chan pointed out that there were two image processing pipelines in Lightroom and that all my integer TIFF testing wasn't really relevant to raw processing, some of you asked about different error measures than CIELab Delta-E, specifically something related to hue errors. These color difference measures can get quite complicated. Here's an example
. I can, if there's sufficient interest, implement some of these more complex, and presumably, accurate, measures, but I'll present here just the basics. In the precious post, I presented the Delta-E curves.
Here's a set of Delta-H curves, the basic CIEL*a*b* difference metric that measures hue error:
Like Delta-E, Delta-H can't go negative.
Here are the Delta-C curves, which measures differences in what's called "metric chroma", the radial distance from the grey axis:
Delta-C is positive if the test color is more chromatic than the reference, and negative if the test color is less chromatic than the reference. The fact that there's a tendency towards positive Delta-C indicates that making positive LR exposure adjustments tends to make the colors more chromatic than they should be. You can see that from the scatter plots as well.
If you look at the numbers in the Delta-H and Delta-C plots, you can see that most of the chromaticity error comes from too much chroma, not from hue shift.
And, although it's not a CIELab standard, I like to look at hue angle errors. The big potential problem with looking at hue angle alone is that errors near the grey axis, where they are inconsequential, can have the same value as errors in highly chromatic colors, where they are significant. Still, it gives indications of any possible hue shift bias. Here is the hue angle data:


Levitron
picture of levitron
The Levitron is commonly referred to as an anti-gravity device. Although this is not actually the case it is still an amazing toy. The operating principle of the Levitron is based upon what is known as spin stabilized magnetic levitation. The spinning top of a Levitron is a disk which is made up of strong permanent magnet material, in addition to plastic and brass. In the base of the Levitron there is a strong neodymium magnet. The top spins above this base. The magnets of the top and the base are oriented so that they repel each other when the top is in its upright spinning position.
Check out a video of a Levitron:
When the top spins inside the magnetic field of the base magnet, a gyroscopic effect creates stability, and as a result the top spins in a stationary position, as shown in the video. The gyroscopic effect is related to the angular momentum of the spinning top. As the top spins in the presence of the strong magnetic field (from the base magnet), stability is created due to a gyroscopic effect. This effect prevents the spinning top from turning over, and what happens instead is that the top spins and precesses about the vertical axis.
Eventually, after enough time passes, the spinning top slows down enough, due to air friction, such that it turns over and stops levitating. In other words, it falls.
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Towards the Minimum Inner Edge Distance of the Habitable Zone
Extrasolar Planets
The relative humidity is the key controlling factor in determining the inner edge distance because water vapor has a strong impact on the greenhouse warming of the atmosphere, yet too little water vapor will deactivate precipitation and enable CO2 to accumulate.
We estimate that a relative humidity as low as 1% can be sufficient to maintain a liquid water cycle and wash out CO2 from the atmosphere.
If the surface pressure is too low (~0.1 bar), the water loss timescale of the planet is too short to support life. If the surface pressure is too high (~100 bars), we show using atmospheric circulation arguments, that the day-night side temperature difference on slow rotators and tidally locked planets is too small to enable an active water cycle. In contrast, the temperature difference on fast rotators with high surface pressure can be large enough to produce rain. Intermediate surface pressures (~1-10 bars) can provide suitable conditions for a water cycle independent of the planetary rotation period.
We additionally find that the water loss timescale is influenced by the atmospheric CO2 level, because it indirectly influences the stratospheric water mixing ratio. If the CO2 mixing ratio of dry planets is smaller than 10^{-4}, the water loss timescale is ~1 billion years, which may be too short for complex life to evolve. (abridged)
Andras Zsom, Sara Seager, Julien de Wit
(Submitted on 12 Apr 2013)
Comments: submitted to ApJ
Subjects: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
Cite as: arXiv:_PHONE_ [astro-ph.EP]
(or arXiv:1304.3714v1 [astro-ph.EP] for this version)
Submission history
From: Andras Zsom [view email]
[v1] Fri, 12 Apr 2013 19:39:15 GMT (1103kb)
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