1. News
'Robots in disguise' on display at Poynter Library Transformers exhibit
Regina Casale, 29, made a dress from Transformers fabric for her husband's birthday.
Regina Casale, 29, made a dress from Transformers fabric for her husband's birthday.
Published Jun. 27, 2012
ST. PETERSBURG — For almost 20 years, his obsession has been tattooed on his back, visible only to his wife and friends and family.
Now it's on public display.
Anthony Casale, 38, of Lutz built an exhibit for the Nelson Poynter Memorial Library centered on the most well-known character in the Transformers franchise: Optimus Prime.
"He's a protector, a guardian, a hero. He's such a selfless character," he said. "This is the character that everyone looks to. He's the one that everyone trusts."
The character has been a role model to Casale since he was a kid in the 1980s. His exhibit traces the character's journey and showcases the many ways Optimus Prime has been represented.
The library, at the University of South Florida St. Petersburg, will display Casale's exhibit through Aug. 3.
Visitors can peer into eight glass cases filled with collectibles. They can find his favorite Optimus Prime, the original "Generation 1." They can search for the one carrying a 5-year-old Pepsi bottle and the one that looks like Mickey Mouse. They can read the letters from three voice actors who played the character and agreed to write about what Optimus Prime means to them.
Since March, Casale spent 50 hours making labels, typing plot summaries, and buying and borrowing toys to fill the small holes in his collection.
His wife of four years doesn't mind.
"I have no small amount of pride in him for doing this," said Regina Casale, 29.
The couple met as undergrads while studying theater at USF. After graduation, Anthony did some acting, and for the last 11 years he has worked as a server at the Melting Pot in Tampa. He went back to USF two years ago for a master's degree in library and information science.
His exhibit began as a class project. One of his teachers asked students to archive a collection, so he took inventory of his Transformers toys.
His teacher, Jim Schnur, a special collections librarian, helped Casale display some of the toys in the library last summer.
That exhibit was a success, Schnur said, so this year Casale built another with a narrower focus.
Most exhibits celebrate historic figures or are tied to current events, Schnur said. The Optimus Prime display doesn't.
It offers people a chance to relive their childhoods, he said, or to escape to a world of fantasy.
"I'm not looking to convert anyone," Casale said, but he would love to see a parent and child come to the exhibit together, connect with the Transformers toys they grew up with and bond over their shared experiences.
He has collected about 900 items, he said, worth $10,000 or more. They are packed away in a walk-in closet, except for some items he displays in a tall, narrow glass case in the living room.
How does his wife feel about it? A costumer and vintage clothing collector, Regina said she keeps sewing machines, clothes and fabric scattered around the couple's home.
"If he can deal with that," she said, "I can deal with a few Transformers toys lying around."
But by few, she said, she means a thousand.
Do people think he's weird? "If they do," Anthony said, "they don't tell me."
Regina certainly doesn't.
A couple of weeks ago, she combined the couple's hobbies. She ordered vintage curtains and bed sheets in Transformers patterns and made herself a dress.
"I wore it all day on his birthday," she said. "He was pretty speechless."
Alli Langley can be reached at


text:
National Civil Registration and Statistics Improvement Committee
The National Civil Registration and Statistics Improvement Committee (NCR SIC) is a cross-jurisdictional body established to develop and oversee collective strategies to advance and coordinate improvements to Australia's civil registration and vital statistics system.
Civil registration is the system used to record a jurisdiction's vital statistics, which include data about the births, deaths and marriages that happen within the region.
The primary responsibility of NCR SIC is to identify and progress the policies and initiatives required to deliver a more seamless, harmonised and robust national civil registration and vital statistics system that works across Commonwealth, state and territory jurisdictions.
The committee has representatives from:
- Australian registries of births, deaths and marriages (RBDMs)
- Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS)
- New Zealand Births, Deaths and Marriages (invited to participate in an ex-officio capacity).
There are 3 key objectives of the committee:
- improve harmonisation, integration and coordination of the national civil registration and statistical system
- understand requirements of users of civil registration data and related statistics, and facilitate efficient access to appropriate information
- advocate and support NCR SIC as a cohesive body to improve the national civil registration and vital statistics system in Australia.
What we have done
The committee has achieved a number of initiatives, including:
- implementing the Australian Coordinating Registry (ACR) model for coordinating and disseminating national datasets through various inter-governmental agreements
- making 2 national death datasets available through the Queensland RBDM as the ACR
- developing harmonised national data access principles for use across the country's RBDMs and with a registry acting as the ACR
- identifying national minimum requirements to address inconsistences in birth and death datasets across jurisdictions and improve the quality of vital statistics
- sharing vitals data with New Zealand and Pacific region countries to improve data collection and systems that help address policy and cross-border law and order matters.
Use the form below to contact us if you have an enquiry about:
- the work of the committee
- the administration of civil registration nationally
- access to birth, death, marriage and other data.
- NCR SIC meeting - November 2018 (TBC)
- Australian Vital Statistics Interest Group meeting - 21 November 2018 (tentative)
- International CRVS conferences

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Incidence of hand eczema in female Swedish hairdressers
Forskningsoutput: TidskriftsbidragArtikel i vetenskaplig tidskrift
Bibtex
@article{3606919f748b41fbb511251c28ad9330,
title = "Incidence of hand eczema in female Swedish hairdressers",
abstract = "Objective: To estimate the occurrence of hand eczema in hairdressers in Sweden. Methods: The occurrence of hand eczema was estimated in a Swedish longitudinal retrospective cohort study including all female graduates from vocational schools for hairdressers from 1970 to 1995. A stratified sample from the general population acted as controls. A self-administered questionnaire including questions on the occurrence of hand eczema, skin atopy, working periods and number of hair treatments performed per week was sent to the participants. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) of hand eczema were estimated. Results: The incidence rate of hand eczema in hairdressers was 23.8 cases/1000 person-years, whereas in hairdressers who were aged,25 years it was 37.1/1000 person-years. The corresponding IRR for hairdressers compared with controls was 2.5 (95{\%} confidence interval (Cl) 2.2 to 2.8), and that for younger hairdressers was 3.1 (95{\%} Cl 2.6 to 3.5). The mean age at onset of hand eczema was 21.6 years for hairdressers and 21.2 years for controls. The 1-year prevalence of hand eczema was 18.0{\%} for hairdressers and 12.1{\%} for controls. A large number of hair treatments involving exposure to skin irritants and sensitisers were reported. The incidence rate of hand eczema was higher among individuals with a history of childhood eczema, both for hairdressers and for controls, giving an (age-adjusted) IRR of 1.9 and 2.2, respectively. The attributable fraction of hand eczema from skin atopy was 9.6{\%}. A synergistic effect of skin atopy and hairdressing was found on the occurrence of hand eczema. The relative excess risk due to interaction was 1.21 (95{\%} Cl 0.21 to 2.21; p = 0.01). Conclusion: Hairdressers are highly exposed to skin-damaging substances. The self-reported incidence of hand eczema was substantially higher in female hairdressers than in controls from the general population and than that found previously in register-based studies. For many individuals, onset of hand eczema occurs early in life. Only about 10{\%} of the hand eczema cases among hairdressers would be prevented if no one with skin atopy entered the trade.",
author = "Marie-Louise Lind and Maria Albin and Jonas Brisman and Kerstin Diab and Linnea Lillienberg and Zoli Mikoczy and J{\"o}rn Nielsen and Lars Rylander and Kjell Toren and Birgitta Meding",
year = "2007",
doi = "10.1136/oem.2005.026211",
language = "English",
volume = "64",
pages = "191--195",
journal = "Occupational and Environmental Medicine",
issn = "_PHONE_",
publisher = "BMJ Publishing Group",
number = "3",
}


SAS Formats and Informats have always been very convenient to use. They make it easy to convert, format or validate data.
Recently we were investigating some data validation issues. Some parts of the data validation was done using prxmatch but that was not too easy to maintain (i.e. when the same check had to be performed in multiple locations or for multiple data sources).
That's when we discovered that you can use a regex with a SAS Informat… Something that was reported as new back in 2012.
Here's a small example:
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PROC FORMAT;
 INVALUE doors (default=50 max=200)
 "/ 2dr/i" (REGEXP) = 2
 "/ 4dr/i" (REGEXP) = 4
 "s/(.*)([\d])dr?(.*?)$/\2/i" (REGEXPE) = _SAME_
 "/V40\s*$/i" (REGEXP) = 5
 OTHER = .;
RUN;
PROC SQL;
 SELECT Make, Model, input(Model, doors.) as Doors
 FROM sashelp.cars
 WHERE calculated doors > 4;
QUIT;
In this small example, a new informat called doors is created. It is used to parse the Model name of the cars defined in the SASHELP.CARS table to extract the number of doors. It will first look for the value 2dr for cars with 2 doors, 4dr for cars with 4 doors. Of course, this is not practical if you have many combinations. The alternative is to use the substitution to extract the part of the string that matters. The 3rd test is looking for a digit followed by the d and optionally an r, if it matches, it will keep the digit. So this 3rd version would also cover the first two tests (it is just a more generic version of the same test). Last is a sample for the exceptions… when there is no indication about the number of doors.
Once you have to informat you are free to use it anywhere… for example in a PROC SQL.
More Info ? There is some great content on the SAS Website…


text:
30 Things To Learn From Badass Historical Moms
Another Badass Historical Moms Tip: healthcare for all! in the 1800s?
Susan's own parents taught her to embrace her mixed race heritage, as they were of both Native American and the majority white world themselves. Susan went on to fully live this teaching when she became American's first female Native American physician, returning to her home reservation but doctoring all people, both white and Native. She advocated for all people to receive better healthcare.
It was said that, as a child, Susan once watched a tribal elder die because a white doctor refused to treat the elderly lady. She decided then that she could do the job better. When Susan married a man from a Sioux tribe, she continued breaking barriers. While bearing two children, Susan fought against traditional expectations and continued working professionally full time.


Toner Gum Transfer with B.I.G. Ground
In this experiment, we aim to develop a method of transferring a toner-printed image onto a copper plate to act as a resist in the etch. The process was first tested by Andrew Baldwin, and involves wetting a toner image with gum arabic, rolling on a coating of B.I.G hard ground, and wiping off excess ground with a damp sponge. The wet ground should stick to the printer toner, and remain in all but the white areas of the paper. This treated image is then run through the press facing the copper plate in order to transfer the B.I.G. onto the copper. The plate is baked, allowed to sit and cure, and etched in ferric chloride. The B.I.G. should act as an aquatint to achieve tone, and the white areas will open-bite. We hope that with some refinement, this technique will render a printed image that is as true as possible to the tone and detail of the original image. For these tests, we printed our source images on a Brother laser printer model number HL- 2280DW. In most tests we used the printer on its default settings, but we did utilize the photocopy setting and another special setting for the Pronto Plates, as explained in the following tests.
Research Project Tests


text:
Chest symptoms following coronary stenting in the first 10 weeks of recovery
- Publication Type:
- Journal Article
- European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing, 2008, 7 (1), pp. 73 - 79
- Issue Date:
Copyright Clearance Process
- Recently Added
- In Progress
- Closed Access
This item is closed access and not available.
Background: Most patients experience the benefits of PTCA and stent quickly, with reduction in symptoms and improvement in functional status, however many patients experience chest symptoms post-procedure. Objective: To describe the pattern and characteristics of post-stent chest symptoms in cardiac rehabilitation participants. Methods: A prospective descriptive study assessing the pattern and presence of chest symptoms in coronary artery stent recipients (N = 129) four and ten weeks post-procedure. Patients were interviewed at cardiac rehabilitation or by the phone using a specifically developed questionnaire which incorporated the McGill Pain Questionnaire. Results: Most participants were male, aged on average 60.5 years and received two stents, most often drug eluting. Post-stent chest symptoms were common, experienced by two thirds of patients (68%) at some time during the 10 weeks post-discharge. Chest symptoms were recurrent, with 33% having symptoms on both occasions and occurred more often in younger patients (p <.00). Patients described their symptoms as discomforting and used the descriptors dull, tight, sharp, pressing and flickering. Chest symptoms tended to be brief and/or intermittent (65%) lasting from a few seconds to a few minutes (63%). Most patients felt their symptoms were related to their stent (75%) and were unsure what to do. A small number (5%) interpreted their symptoms as ischaemic and presented to the hospital (4%). Conclusions: Post-stent chest symptoms are frequent and recurrent out to 10 weeks post-discharge. Although symptoms tended to be brief and intermittent, the location and quality of these symptoms may overlap with existing chest pain guidelines, making it difficult for patients to interpret. Cardiac rehabilitation staff are in an ideal position to support and inform stent recipients about appropriate responses to these symptoms. © 2007 European Society of Cardiology.
Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:


text:
Identifying Nocturnal Mammal Activity
Animals like raccoons, skunks, and opossums may be difficult to observe live since they come out at night, but if you know what evidence to look for, you can figure out where they've been even during the day. Knowing the pathways and habits of animals in your yard and neighborhood can help you observe them more easily, and also inform your strategies to avoid human-wildlife conflict.
You can learn a lot about wildlife activity in your yard or another space by looking at the routes animals are following at night. Animals often follow the same pathways multiple nights in a row, so these areas tend to be well worn and identifiable. Look for trampled-down grass and debris, or pathways on the ground where the grass doesn't seem to grow as well. Skunks, raccoons, and opossums tend to travel along fence perimeters, especially in yards where greenery is planted along the fence. In thick vegetation such as Mexican bamboo, you may be able to see "tunnels" along the fence that animals use. There also may be trampled depressions where animals go under the fence into the next yard.
Larger animals create trampled pathways as well. If you live where there are coyotes, or if you are visiting an open space like the Palermo Open Space, look for pathways through tall grass that seem too narrow for a person to have made. These may be from coyotes.
Detecting Active Pathways, Tunnels, and Burrows
How does one tell if a pathway or tunnel through vegetation or under a fence is active? You can detect recent activity with a simple experiment. Place a pile of straw or dry leaf litter in the path in the afternoon, large enough that you would be able to tell if it has been stepped on, but not so large as to deter animals from using the path. In the morning, check all of these "detectors" and see if any show new trampling. (The photo on the right shows where an animal went under the fence and created a path through the straw.) You can even put out a motion-detecting wildlife camera, or sit in your yard in the evening in person, to find out what specific animal is using the path. Often, paths will be used by more than one species.
The same technique works to see if a burrow is active. If there is more than one entrance to the burrow, place detectors at all entrances- just because one entrance does not appear to be active doesn't mean the burrow is unused. Always use caution near potential burrows, as there could be an animal inside! Place the detectors in broad daylight, long before the animal will likely come out. Avoid reaching into burrows with your hands, and if you can, place the detectors using a long stick or a trash picker to avoid getting too close to the burrow. And make sure to have an easy exit from the area if you accidentally disturb an animal. Most of the time, however, quietly placing leaves or straw in front of a burrow will not cause the animal to come out.
If skunks, raccoons, and/or opossums are in your neighborhood, it's possible they might even be living in your yard! When inspecting the perimeter of your yard and vegetated areas for pathways and tunnels, it is possible that one may lead to a burrow. Skunks either dig their own burrows or reuse other cavities like hollow logs, other animals' burrows, or crawlspaces under buildings. Raccoons and opossums don't dig their own burrows, but reuse spaces they find. All three of these animals may be found nesting close to the ground, and raccoons and opossums sometimes nest aboveground (such as in tree branches hollowed out by woodpeckers) as well.
When looking for burrows, here are some signs to look out for:
Tunnels that lead into thick vegetation and don't seem to come out on the other side. Many animals make their homes in these areas. However, it might just be another tunnel.
Holes dug under structures or at the edges of paved areas. These may be burrows a skunk has made, which may be inhabited by the skunk itself or another animal like an opossum.
Cavities in the trunks or branches or trees. These areas tend to appeal to raccoons and sometimes opossums. Look for signs of use, such as fur stuck to the edges of the hole or a trampled pathway leading to and from the tree.
Trampled pathways leading into crawlspaces or other manmade cavities. Skunks, raccoons, and opossums sometimes make use of these areas to live in, and probably wouldn't be entering them if they're just passing by.
As with pathways, once you have identified possible burrows, you can monitor activity by making detectors with straw or leaves, by setting up a wildlife camera, or by simply sitting in your yard as it gets dark and watching for animals.
Skunks, raccoons, and opossums are opportunistic eaters, feeding on a wide range of items they can find in either natural settings or neighborhoods. Sometimes they will grab a piece of food and take it with them, leaving scraps along the way. If you have fruit trees, look for fruit or fruit scraps that seem out of place. For example, an opossum might have taken a fallen apple off the ground and brought it into the bushes to eat it, leaving part of it behind. Eggshells, bones, pieces of trash, and other items in unusual places could also be signs of nocturnal animal activity. They could also have been left behind by crows or jays.
Signs of Digging
Nocturnal animals, particularly skunks, sometimes dig small holes in the ground to forage for grubs. Look in areas of moist soil such as gardens and lawns, which are likely to support these insects. If you see a place where it looks like something was digging, but the hole doesn't go all the way into the ground like a gopher hole, it may signify skunk activity.
Scratched Wooden Fences
Raccoons can move between yards by climbing over fences, but they can be quite clumsy, leaving scratches on the wood as they try to get up. Look for these marks near trees or bushes along the perimeter of your yard, as these are the places where raccoons will likely be trying to climb over the fence. If you have a fence right outside your window, you may even be woken up by the sound of a raccoon climbing over it every once in awhile.
Tracks and Scat
Look closely on the ground and you may see the tracks or scat of animals. Tracks are most easily found when the ground is wet- look for imprints in muddy areas, or dirty footprints on a path or sidewalk. Scat can be found all year, and is most commonly located in areas that animals spend the most time- under bushes and around the perimeter of your yard, for example. You can use a field guide or the iNaturalist app to identify the specific type of animal from its tracks or scat, or simply monitor for these signs to determine what areas of your yard are most used by wildlife.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


Everything for Electronics
Build a Continuity Tester
Nuts & Volts Magazine (May 2018)
Build a Continuity Tester
By Douglas Booth View In Digital Edition
What is a continuity test? I say it depends on your particular use. In my case, it's usually either for beeping out cables or for beeping out printed circuit board (PCB) assemblies.
I design and build functional equipment to test PCB assemblies. This involves making all sorts of custom cables and the custom board assemblies. The latter often involve hand-soldering SMT components, such as my favorite 80-pin fine-pitched microcontroller. There is plenty of opportunity for error, and a continuity tester is very handy for detecting both shorts and opens.
Somewhere in the 25 ohm area has proven to be a convenient trip point for my use. In other words, if the resistance between my continuity tester probes is less, I get a beep; if the resistance is more, there's no beep.
For years, I used a simple op-amp based circuit with two AAA batteries, some resistors, and a piezo electric beeper. It served me well, but had two drawbacks:
 1. I'm getting old, and I work in a noisy environment. Half the time, I can't hear the beeper, or worse, I imagine that I do hear it.
 2. I forget to turn it off, so the batteries die.
Most multimeters have a built-in continuity tester, but these also have problems:
 1. Again, I can't hear the beeper.
 2. There is a significant voltage between the probes (7V on my Fluke meter). That voltage can damage some devices (not to mention polarity issues).
 3. There is a slight but unacceptable delay each time it detects continuity. Frequently, I plant a probe on one pin and 'rake' the other pin across IC pins, looking for shorts and opens. That only works when the feedback is 'instant.'
During a recent vacation, I challenged myself to come up with a design that suits my needs. Most of the time, I go straight for a microcontroller, but this time I decided to use only non-programmable components. I also decided to use only through hole components, to make soldering easier. (I did cheat on this with two SMT transistors, but they are quite large, SMT-wise, and easy to work with.)
Here is my list of requirements:
 1. Must be loud enough for me to hear it.
 2. Must turn itself off after a reasonable time (approximately two minutes), but extend the time each time it beeps.
 3. Must have 'instant' response.
 4. Must have very low probe voltage (~200 mV).
 5. Must define continuity somewhere in the 25 ohm range.
 6. No programmable parts.
 7. All through hole parts (well, almost all).
The schematic is shown in Figure 1. The only IC is the LM339 comparator. The two N-channel MOSFETs may be a bit overkill, but they are fairly inexpensive, and I had several on hand. The resistors are all 1% 1/4 watt, and the 100 µF capacitor is a simple aluminum electrolytic.
FIGURE 1. Schematic of the continuity tester.
Understanding the Circuit
The power control section is centered around Q1, which is the N-channel MOSFET. It's being used here as a very low resistance switch to DC ground. Until you press the on button, this circuit draws almost zero current from the batteries. When you do press the on button, capacitor C1 charges up very quickly and Q1 turns on, which provides a ground (which is labeled SW_G) for the circuitry above. The tester is now up and running, and draws about 16 mA while idle (considerably more when beeping). You need to press the on button only briefly to charge C1, then C1 begins discharging slowly through the two megohm resistor.
When the voltage on C1 drops below about 2V, Q1 turns off. The tester is now powered down. However, each time you beep, the output of U1D goes low, and Q2 turns on briefly to pump fresh charge into C1, which extends the on time. I find that the time out (with no refresh beeping) is about 2-1/2 minutes, but that will vary depending mainly on the capacitor tolerance.
The CONTINUITY DETECT section is centered around U1D: the LM339 comparator. The associated resistors, R15-R20, should be no worse than 1%. My tester trips at about 29 ohms. The output (pin 13) of U1D goes low when the probes see continuity (29 ohms or less in my example).
The AUDIO section is an oscillator centered around U1A, followed by an 'amplifier' Q3, which is really just an on/off switch pulling current through the speaker. The oscillator consists of U1A, C2, and R7-11. When the probes see no continuity, the output of U1D is high (thanks to pullup resistor R1), and inverter U1C output at pin 14 goes low, which disables the oscillator. When the probes see continuity, the output of U1D pulls low, and inverter U1C output goes high (thanks to pullup R11), which enables the oscillator.
The enabled oscillator outputs a frequency of about 500 Hz (to which my hearing responds better than the ~2 kHz of the typical piezo electric beeper). That output is a square wave that switches Q3 on and off, pulling current through the speaker. Note that while the oscillator is disabled, the output of inverter U1B (pin 1) pulls low, which guarantees that Q3 will draw no current through the speaker. This is where the OPEN DRAIN feature of the LM339 is convenient, allowing the wire OR-ing of the outputs of U1A and U1B.
Construction
This circuit would be fairly easy to construct on a breadboard. I was building more than one, so it made sense for me to have PCBs made. I used ExpressPCB for both the schematic and PCB layouts. Figure 2 shows the assembled component side of the PCB, and Figure 3 shows the solder side.
FIGURE 2. My PCB, component side.
FIGURE 3. My PCB, solder side.
The resistors on my board are installed vertically, with one lead bent over running parallel to the body of the resistor. Anyone who has seen the inside of an early transistor radio will recognize the geometry. It conserves board space without the need for surface-mount components.
Figure 4 shows the inside of the face of the enclosure. Having all the parts mounted on the face makes it easy to get to the batteries without stressing any wires.
FIGURE 4. Inside cover of enclosure.
There are opportunities to reduce the board size and component count. Surface-mount components could be used, for example. LED1 and LED2 are conveniences and can be eliminated if desired. LED2 is a green LED to indicate when power is on, and LED1 is red and turns on with the beep. Eliminating the LEDs and their associated resistors would extend battery life in addition to reducing component count. However, I find their presence reassuring.
I installed banana plug jacks for the probes, which makes it easy to swap out different types. Sometimes I want a sharp point probe. Sometimes I want a J-Clip or an alligator clip. For beeping out cables, I use a probe with a header pin soldered to the end of the wire. This allows me to insert the pin into a connector socket and poke around with the other probe, eliminating the need for a third hand.
Whatever your particular use, I hope you find this continuity tester helpful. NV
Parts List
QTY REFERENCE DESCRIPTION MANUFACTURER DIGI-KEY
1 U1 LM339 COMPARATOR TEXAS INSTRUMENTS LM339AN _PHONE_-5-ND
2 Q1, Q3 N-CHANNEL MOSFET ON SEMICONDUCTOR NTD3055L104T4G NTD3055L104T4GOSCT-ND
1 Q2 P-CHANNEL MOSFET DIODES INC. ZVP2106A ZVP2106A-ND
1 C1 100 µF 6.3V CAPACITOR 20% NICHICON UPW0J101MDD1TD 493-11333-1-ND
1 C2 .047 µF CERAMIC CAP VISHAY B.C. K473K10X7RF5UH5 BC2686CT-ND
2 C3, C4 .1 µF CERAMIC CAP VISHAY B.C. K104Z15Y5VF5TL2 BC1160CT-ND
1 C5 1 µF CERAMIC CAP AVX _PHONE_-ND _PHONE_-ND
1 LED1 LED RED LUMEX SSL-LX5093ID 67-1105-ND
1 LED2 LED GREEN LUMEX SSL-LX5093GD 67-1098-ND
3 R3, R5, R11 1K 1% 1/4


text:
The oldest Lutheran church in
celebrate its 160th anniversary during October. As part of
this celebration, the church has made arrangements
for the use of a silver chalice that Martin Luther
gave to his sister as a wedding gift nearly five
centuries ago. The chalice will be used in
connection with the celebration Oct. 8-10.
40 Pomeranian German families bought more than 1,000 acres of land in the western part of
the Town of Mequon. This area was given the name Freistadt, which loosely translated means
"free city". These people came in search of religious freedom and held their
initial church service that same year. They then became the first German Lutheran church
in Wisconsin. The first church was a small log cabin. The present
stone church was built in 1884. The historical marker
was erected in 1959, the same year that the black and while photo was taken.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
(1912–1994). Black Londoner whose life as a working-class seamstress was documented in Aunt Esther's Story (1991), published by Hammersmith and Fulham's Ethnic Communities Oral History Project, and co-authored with Stephen Bourne. Aunt Esther's Story provides a first-hand account of Bruce's life as a black Briton in the pre-Empire Windrush years. Her father, Joseph (1880–1941), arrived in London from British Guiana (now Guyana) in the early 1900s and settled in a tight-knit working-class community in Fulham. He worked as a builder's labourer. When Bruce was a young child, Joseph instilled in his daughter a sense of pride in being black. After leaving school, she worked as a seamstress, and in the 1930s she made dresses for the popular African-American stage star Elisabeth Welch. She also befriended another black citizen of Fulham: the Jamaican nationalist Marcus Garvey. She told Bourne, 'he was a nice chap who wasn't treated with respect like I was. He was middle-class and the costers wouldn't speak to him. He told me the English are no good but I said there are some good people in this world.' She also remembered the community spirit that existed during the Blitz they arrived in Britain on 'a ship and a prayer' from British Guiana in 1959. Friendly and outgoing, Bruce integrated easily into the multicultural Britain of the post-war years. The success of Aunt Esther's Story gave her a sense of pride and achievement towards the end of her life.
From The Oxford Companion to Black British History in Oxford Reference.
Subjects: British History.


create a tikz based on attached pictures.
Make sure all the content is in one tikzpicture environment.
not create more than one tikzpicture environment.
b. Do not use section heading (
section{…}) for any text.
1.a: The black words and red words in the green box should be aligned:
one red symbol under each word, you can use a tabular environment for
Same for the last box with black and blue text.
The three boxes in the bottom row should still be aligned in one row.
2: The axis labels (search/discover/structured data/etc) should be
where they are in the original picture.
And the labels should be in
one node (Search (goal-oriented) in one node, Discover (opportunistic)
in another node, etc)
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Longear sunfish
The longear sunfish (Lepomis megalotis) is a species of freshwater fish in the sunfish family (family Centrarchidae) of order Perciformes. Native to the an area of eastern North America stretching from the Great Lakes down to northeastern Mexico, this species prefers densely vegetated, shallow waters in lakes, ponds, and sluggish streams..
The longear sunfish reaches a maximum recorded length of about 24 cm (9.5 in), with a maximum recorded weight of 790 g (1.7 lb).
Its diet can include insects, aquatic invertebrates, and small fish.
While L. megalotis is readily caught by anglers, the fish are typically too small to be useful as food, and most anglers release them.
Trade in the longear sunfish is restricted in Germany because of the potential for environmental damage caused by introduced sunfish species.
Longear sunfish
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Developer's Intro
Using Couchbase
Do an Install, Create a Cluster, then Create a Bucket. You can now start storing, retrieving, and querying documents with Couchbase Server. You can start with an SDK, the command-line cbc tool, or the web browser.
Every item in a database goes through the basic CRUD cycle, which is typical of an application's use of data. CRUD stands for create, read, update, and delete:
 - Create: when data is first inserted into the cluster
 - Read: when an application retrieves the data
 - Update: when data is modified to reflect a change in the state represented by the data
 - Delete: when the data is no longer needed
The following examples use the CLI interface to demonstrate the basic CRUD operations. If you don't know how to use or install the command line client, don't worry - we'll through the steps in the next chapter.
Creating documents
Create the document josmith.json. It can be anywhere on your file system:
{
 "name": "Jo Smith",
 "email": "_EMAIL_",
 "privs": ["admin"],
 "location": {
 "country": "United States",
 "state": "NV",
 "city": "Reno"
 },
 "following": [
 "u:asmith", "u:bsmith", "u:potus"
 ],
 "likes": ["dogs", "pastries"]
}
Now, insert the document into Couchbase using the cbc utility:
$ cbc create -u username -P password -U couchbase://hostname-or-ip/myTestBucket --mode insert josmith < josmith.json
josmith is the document's ID, which is redirected (<) to the cbc command's standard input.
Reading documents by ID
Documents can be retrieved using their IDs. Retrieving a document by ID is extremely fast. The following query takes about 1 millisecond.
$ cbc cat -u username -P password -U couchbase://hostname-or-ip/josmith
{
 "name": "Jo Smith",
 "email": "_EMAIL_",
 "privs": ["admin"],
 "location": {
 "country": "United States",
 "state": "NV",
 "city": "Reno"
 },
 "following": [
 "u:asmith", "u:bsmith", "u:potus"
 ],
 "likes": ["dogs", "pastries"]
}
Reading documents by querying
Retrieving a document may be done using a unique identifier assigned by the application at the document's creation, or by inspecting its contents to see if it matches a certain criterion. ID lookups are quicker, but querying documents allows for richer search capabilities (for example, "Give me all likes and followed users located in the US" versus "Give me a user with the ID e3d882a4").
$ cbc n1ql \
 'SELECT following, likes FROM default WHERE location.country = "United States"'
 {
 "following": [
 "u:asmith",
 "u:bsmith",
 "u:potus"
 ],
 "likes": [
 "dogs",
 "pastries"
 ]
Updating documents
Updating a document means changing the existing document. For example, take the file above and edit the likes field:
 ...
 "likes": ["dogs", "pastries", "couchbase"]
 ....
Then use the cbc tool to update the document in Couchbase:
$ cbc create --mode replace josmith < josmith.json
Deleting documents
This example shows how to delete the document with the ID josmith.
$ cbc rm josmith
Couchbase clients
Clients access data by connecting to a Couchbase cluster over the network. The most common type of client is a Couchbase SDK, which is a full programmatic API that enables applications to take the best advantage of Couchbase. The command line client provides a quick and streamlined interface for simple access and is suitable if you just want to access an item without writing any code.


text:
ABU DHABI, 27th January, 2018 (WAM) — The world's largest reserve of high quality desalinated water, recently announced below the Liwa Desert, is a significant milestone toward ensuring sustainable water security in the emirate of Abu Dhabi, H.H. Sheikh Hazza bin Zayed Al Nahyan, Deputy Chairman of Abu Dhabi Executive Council, said.
"The directives given by President His Highness Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan and the follow-up of H.H. Sheikh Hamdan bin Zayed Al Nahyan, Ruler's Representative in Al Dhafra Region, are the main driver behind ensuring sustainability at the water and electricity sector in line with the Abu Dhabi Plan 2030 and the UAE Water Security Strategy 2036, aimed at providing water security, social welfare and economic wellbeing for the entire country," said H.H, Sheikh Hazza after a field visit of the world's largest reserve of high quality desalinated water which has been secured in a network of 315 recovery wells lying up to 80 meters below the Liwa Desert.
The wells are fed by one of UAE's longest water pipeline networks which runs the water from Shuweihat desalination plant at a rate of 7 million imperial gallons (approx. 32,000 m3) / day over 27 months.
The reserve, which has at its core an infiltration and recovery system sitting atop a natural fresh water underground aquifer, was first investigated in 2002.
H.H. Sheikh Hazaa commended the efforts made by Abu Dhabi Water and Electricity (ADWEA) in implementing the mega project, saying it is added to the track record of achievements made by the authority in this essential sector to the country's economy.
Present during the visit were Mohammed bin Ahmed Al Bowardi, Minister of State for Defence Affairs, Dr Ahmed Mubarak Al Mazrouei. Secretary-General of the Abu Dhabi Executive Council, Jassem Mohammed Al Zaabi, Chairman of Abu Dhabi Executive Office, Major General Mohammed Khalfan Al Rumaithi, Commander-in-Chief of Abu Dhabi Police, Falah Mohammad Al Ahbabi, Chairman of the Department of Urban Planning and Municipalities, Razan Khalifa Al Mubarak, Secretary-General, Environment Authority – Abu Dhabi (EAD), and Dr. Saif Saleh Al Sayari, Acting Director-General of ADWEA, in addition to a number of state officials.
The project was announced on the sidelines of the Abu Dhabi Sustainability Week, which recently concluded in the UAE capital.
The project addresses Abu Dhabi's water security and its resilience through the recharge of groundwater aquifers with high-quality desalinated water, which cannot be stored above ground due to contamination and other factors. The desalinated water is piped from the coast to create the secure, underground reserve system and was accomplished by a multi-national and multi-disciplinary team of experts from EAD, Abu Dhabi Transmission & Despatch Company (TRANSCO), ADWEA, RSB, the independent regulatory body for Abu Dhabi's water and electricity sector, GIZ International, Do. Rainer Consultancy and ACC-POSCO JV.
Established in one of the world's driest areas where rainfall rarely exceeds 10 cms a year, the project has been completed at an estimated cost of AED1.61 billion to deliver a fallback pumping capacity of 100 million gallons of water / day to the emirate if required. The desalinated water percolates into the subsurface through basins with a system of semi-perforated underground pipes to recharge the aquifer using only gravity as a driving force.
The project ensures continuous water supply for Abu Dhabi city and Al Dhafra region and secures the reserve for future generations. Whenever needed, water from the 315 wells, lying up to 80 metres below ground, can be used to recover supplies at any time. The reserve now holds more than 26 million m3 of water (equivalent to 5.6 billion imperial gallons) that can bolster drinking water supply when needed.
"Long-term wellbeing of our communities is enhanced by the maintenance and enhancement of groundwater while being conscious that we need to progress additional recharge and recovery projects to optimize flexible allocation of water as required," said Razan Al Mubarak.
Throughout the implementation of the project, considerable attention was paid to the use of highly engineered, environment-friendly specification materials, which were deemed appropriate to the Liwa area. The infiltration basin was insulated with protective materials, including a gravel mix of large pore stones to evenly distribute water and ensure better filtration.
The 160-kilometre pipeline from the strategic water reserve site to the Madinat Zayed distribution network in Abu Dhabi city consists of approximately 9,000 sections of welded pipes some of which measure 1.2 metres in diameter, and are up to 18 metres long. The sections had to be transported into the desert and pieced together through high precision welding which would take up to five continuous hours per section with stringent, follow-on X-ray inspection to ensure the system was leak-proof and could withstand the prevailing water pressure for a minimum of 50 years.


Picking First Bots in War Robots: Theorycrafting
A quick review…
War Robots is a control-based mech game that focuses on getting certain strategic points and holding them in order to grab a win.
In other words, positioning, gaining early advantages and taking advantages of enemy mistakes as well as utilizing opportunities are just as important as mechanical skill and strategic acumen.
The team who gets the early advantage is generally more favored to win the entire matchup than a team who has to catch up since the very beginning of the map.
Why is it important?
One of the most important parts of playing War Robots is realizing that you have a limited amount of resources (namely, your robots and their weapons) and that you need to utilize them carefully in order to get the maximum efficiency out of them and hopefully, be able to use it to significantly contribute towards a possible win for a team.
So obviously, with this concept of play in mind, getting with your best foot forward seems to be the key towards winning most games; after all, many of the strategies used by top players and clans in War Robots include one form or another of the "hard push" at the beginning of the match, which requires the use of the best robots and firepower that is already available to the player in question!
This is where "take care of your pick" comes into play, as many of the good players will go for picks that can do multiple tasks: For instance, people will pick robots like the Strider and Pursuer in order to take good positions and possibly capture places on the map while still being a threat by the merit of the weapons that they carry.
The theory
The Art of War, as well as other strategic books, put importance on the need for having the initiative in battle.
Getting a good (possibly multi-purpose) robot at the beginning allows the player to have confidence in facing the enemy as well as gain certain concrete advantages, which will allow the player to have an easier time throughout the rest of the game (or if the team's cognitive abilities allow for it, win the game immediately.)
How does it work in practice?
Generally, players pick one out the following types, depending on the map or situation:
 - Their strongest bot (think of a Spectre with Shocktrains, probably Haechi or Bulgasari if the player feels confident to run it)
 - Fast beacon capper (Kumiho, Stalker, Gareth, Pursuer, Strider, Hellburner; possibly the Haechi and Galahad if one extends the definition liberally)
 - A long-range robot (Butch, Fury, Natasha and their respective loads come to mind – but then the Bulgasari and Spectre can carry Scourges…)
 - Anything with Hydras – especially with MK2 – and if you are having a ton of Spectres on the enemy side
If you actually think about it, you'll be mostly ahead if you pick robots with energy weapons (i.e. Magnum, Taran, Shocktrain, etc.) for the reason that only the Bulgasari, Gareth, Lancelot and Galahad (we definitely don't count Bulwark and the rest of the house in this category…) have physical shields that can block the damage dished out by plasma or energy weapons.
The rule of thumb is that people will pick mostly any one of the types above unless it's Team Deathmatch, where they will go out the gates with their best robots possible (which are mostly Spectre/Bulgasari/Pursuers.)
For instance, when faced with Death Button Griffins (back in the days when these setups were still a thing), one can always go to the strengths of the Plasma Griffin or any robot that has a plasma or energy-weapon based variant, for the woefully low engagement range of the setup makes it extremely susceptible to kiting tactics.
As for robots with physical shields, one couldn't go wrong with the RDB Griffin (or the RDB Spectre). Better yet, having a long-ranged Fury (read: Dragoons, Tridents, Zeus, Tempest, Trebuchet) would be a deadly sight for those robots who hide behind their steel scales or otherwise! Even the Noricums and Zenits are already annoying…especially if you have "soft" robots like the Spectre…
And when facing the ubiquitous Shocktrain on robots such as the Spectre, Haechi and Bulgasari, never forget that there are many choices for destroying the menace of these robots. A Bulgasari is best countered by rockets, while a Haechi would not survive an engagement with energy weapons such as the Scourge, Zeus, and the rest of the energy-firing pack.
What are the effects of this?
Getting a very good first pick that completely counters the enemy would allow players to do one or more of the following:
 - Trade efficiently (i.e. take down two to three bots before you are killed)
 - Get good positions and force the enemy to play out of their comfort zone
 - Spread the momentum through getting multiple early kills (while your friends are busy racking up the damage, snipe those crippled bots out of the game)
 - If the robot is fast enough (i.e. Dash family/Pursuer/Strider/Hellburner), then one can end the game right there and then by getting four to five beacons, potentially sealing the deal in 3-4 minutes)
The first-pick principle only works effectively in a battlefield with diverse hangars and weapon styles; this will almost never work in a battlefield that already has 12 maxed-out robots armed with the Shocktrain or the version of the most overpowered weapon that the game can equip for the robot in question.
The exception is that if the clan knows how to counter the Shocktrain carriers effectively, which, in this case, a well-placed Pursuer (or any other fast robot in particular) could tip the balance massively in one's favour.
In addition, some players may have a capper as their first bot and four powerhouses as their – just as first picking is a strong hand to play, counter-picking is another way to approach War Robots, especially when the enemy (i.e. the first-picker) actually has a one-dimensional hangar (full midrange, full brawler or 4 robots of one setup).
Personal Experience
The author is currently a Master 2 player at the time of writing and through the usage of robots such as the Kumiho, the player is able to capture at least two beacons, destroy light robots outright and pressure enemy players to commit resources to kill the "space creator."
If the team is smart enough, they would usually go push from all other sides, ensuring a quick victory.
Most of the time, proper knowledge of War Robots weaponry has allowed the writer to overcome obstacles that are otherwise unfair on paper.
The obvious exceptions are the times when the author faces clans like KOR (the full stack and one of the game's superteams, no joking here), which in this case…blame the matchmaker for placing me into a very unfair match.
Choosing a proper first pick in War Robots goes a long way. It allows the player to provide multiple tactical options on the field, as well as create space for the team to have early advantages and create an opening for the team to win outright.
1 thought on "Picking First Bots in War Robots: Theorycrafting"
 1. Artillery – Natasha zenit noricum, Sniper – Griffin molot arbelest, Close Quarters Battle CQB/brawler Leo zeus punisher pin, Shield breaker – Leo tempest gecko spark, etc. In progress of 30 days or so, fury dragoon avenger. got the avenger but the dragoon will take a long long time in workshop.
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text:
The possibility of creating a high-power X-ray source based on the recombination radiation mechanism has been studied and analyzed. The recombination X-ray radiation from neon, aluminum, and argon was obtained in experiments with plasma liners performed on the GIT-12 setup using a current pulse amplitude of ∼2.5 MA and a leading pulse front width of ∼300 ns. The obtained results show that the recombination mechanism of X-ray generation offers good prospects for the development of a high-power X-ray source with photon energies in the 7-20-keV range.
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous)


Representation theory of Hopf algebras
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
In abstract algebra, a representation of a Hopf algebra is a representation of its underlying associative algebra. That is, a representation of a Hopf algebra H over a field K is a K-vector space V with an action H × VV usually denoted by juxtaposition (that is, the image of (h,v) is written hv). The vector space V is called an H-module.
Properties[edit]
The module structure of a representation of a Hopf algebra H is simply its structure as a module for the underlying associative algebra. The main use of considering the additional structure of a Hopf algebra is when considering all H-modules as a category. The additional structure is also used to define invariant elements of an H-module V. An element v in V is invariant under H if for all h in H, hv = ε(h)v, where ε is the counit of H. The subset of all invariant elements of V forms a submodule of V.
Categories of representations as a motivation for Hopf algebras[edit]
For an associative algebra H, the tensor product V1V2 of two H-modules V1 and V2 is a vector space, but not necessarily an H-module. For the tensor product to be a functorial product operation on H-modules, there must be a linear binary operation Δ : HHH such that for any v in V1V2 and any h in H,
hv=\Delta h(v_{(1)}\otimes v_{(2)})=h_{(1)}v_{(1)}\otimes h_{(2)}v_{(2)},
and for any v in V1V2 and a and b in H,
\Delta(ab)(v_{(1)}\otimes v_{(2)})=(ab)v=a[b[v]]=\Delta a[\Delta b(v_{(1)}\otimes v_{(2)})]=(\Delta a )(\Delta b)(v_{(1)}\otimes v_{(2)}).
using sumless Sweedler's notation, which is somewhat like an index free form of Einstein's summation convention. This is satisfied if there is a Δ such that Δ(ab) = Δ(a)Δ(b) for all a, b in H.
For the category of H-modules to be a strict monoidal category with respect to ⊗, V_1\otimes(V_2\otimes V_3) and (V_1\otimes V_2)\otimes V_3 must be equivalent and there must be unit object εH, called the trivial module, such that εHV, V and V ⊗ εH are equivalent.
This means that for any v in
V_1\otimes(V_2\otimes V_3)=(V_1\otimes V_2)\otimes V_3
and for h in H,
((\operatorname{id}\otimes \Delta)\Delta h)(v_{(1)}\otimes v_{(2)}\otimes v_{(3)})=h_{(1)}v_{(1)}\otimes h_{(2)(1)}v_{(2)}\otimes h_{(2)(2)}v_{(3)}=hv=((\Delta\otimes \operatorname{id}) \Delta h) (v_{(1)}\otimes v_{(2)}\otimes v_{(3)}).
This will hold for any three H-modules if Δ satisfies
(\operatorname{id}\otimes \Delta)\Delta A=(\Delta \otimes \operatorname{id})\Delta A.
The trivial module must be one-dimensional, and so an algebra homomorphism ε : HF may be defined such that hv = ε(h)v for all v in εH. The trivial module may be identified with F, with 1 being the element such that 1 ⊗ v = v = v ⊗ 1 for all v. It follows that for any v in any H-module V, any c in εH and any h in H,
(\varepsilon(h_{(1)})h_{(2)})cv=h_{(1)}c\otimes h_{(2)}v=h(c\otimes v)=h(cv)=(h_{(1)}\varepsilon(h_{(2)}))cv.
The existence of an algebra homomorphism ε satisfying
\varepsilon(h_{(1)})h_{(2)} = h = h_{(1)}\varepsilon(h_{(2)})
is a sufficient condition for the existence of the trivial module.
It follows that in order for the category of H-modules to be a monoidal category with respect to the tensor product, it is sufficient for H to have maps Δ and ε satisfying these conditions. This is the motivation for the definition of a bialgebra, where Δ is called the comultiplication and ε is called the counit.
In order for each H-module V to have a dual representation V such that the underlying vector spaces are dual and the operation * is functorial over the monoidal category of H-modules, there must be a linear map S : HH such that for any h in H, x in V and y in V*,
\langle y, S(h)x\rangle = \langle hy, x \rangle.
where \langle\cdot,\cdot\rangle is the usual pairing of dual vector spaces. If the map \varphi:V\otimes V^*\rightarrow \varepsilon_H induced by the pairing is to be an H-homomorphism, then for any h in H, x in V and y in V*,
\varphi\left(h(x\otimes y)\right)=\varphi\left(x\otimes S(h_{(1)})h_{(2)}y\right)=\varphi\left(S(h_{(2)})h_{(1)}x\otimes y\right)=h\varphi(x\otimes y)=\varepsilon(h)\varphi(x\otimes y),
which is satisfied if
S(h_{(1)})h_{(2)}=\varepsilon(h)=h_{(1)}S(h_{(2)})
for all h in H.
If there is such a map S, then it is called an antipode, and H is a Hopf algebra. The desire for a monoidal category of modules with functorial tensor products and dual representations is therefore one motivation for the concept of a Hopf algebra.
Representations on an algebra[edit]
A Hopf algebra also has representations which carry additional structure, namely they are algebras.
Let H be a Hopf algebra. If A is an algebra with the product operation μ : AAA, and ρ : HAA is a representation of H on A, then ρ is said to be a representation of H on an algebra if μ is H-equivariant. As special cases, Lie algebras, Lie superalgebras and groups can also have representations on an algebra.
See also[edit]


text:
Focusing geometry-induced size tailoring of silver nanoparticles obtained by laser ablation in water
AuthorsStašić, Jelena M.
Mihailescu, Ion N.
MetadataShow full item record
Silver nanoparticles were obtained by picosecond laser ablation in water at 1064 nm, using focusing geometry to design the particles size. The position of the target surface with respect to the focal point strongly influences the NPs size: above and in the focus it is up to 20 nm and below focus LT = 150 nm. Generated particles have a spherical shape. The solutions were further employed on human cells and the tests showed a deteriorating effect on DNA.


text:
Users' satisfaction in indoor spaces plays a key role in building design. In recent years, scientific research has focused more and more on the effects produced by the presence of greenery solutions in indoor environments. In this study, the Internet of Things (IoT) concept is used to define an effective solution to monitor indoor environmental parameters, along with the biometric data of users involved in an experimental campaign conducted in a Zero Energy Building laboratory where a living wall has been installed.
The growing interest in the key theory of the IoT allows for the development of promising frameworks used to create datasets usually managed with Machine Learning (ML) approaches. Following this tendency, the dataset derived by the proposed infield research has been managed with different ML algorithms in order to identify the most suitable model and influential variables, among the environmental and biometric ones, that can be used to identify the plant configuration.
The obtained results highlight how the eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost)-based model can obtain the best average accuracy score to predict the plant configuration considering both a selection of environmental parameters and biometric data as input values. Moreover, the XGBoost model has been used to identify the users with the highest accuracy considering a combination of picked biometric and environmental features.
Finally, a new Green View Factor index has been introduced to characterize how greenery has an impact on the indoor space and it can be used to compare different studies where green elements have been used.


TTyped
From Esolang
Jump to navigation Jump to search
TTyped is a simple typed language, consisting of only function definitions. It is loosely based on System F. It consists entirely of a series of function definitions. Each definition has the general form of
name args : type = expr ;
Notes
 - Every symbol in a function type is assumed to be polymorphic.
 - All functions are curried.
 - -> and →, are both parsed the same.
Examples
id x : a -> a = x ;
const x y : a -> b -> a = x ;
one f x : (a -> a) -> a -> a = f x ;
add m n f x : ((a -> a) -> a -> a)
 -> ((a -> a) -> a -> a)
 -> (a -> a) -> a -> a
 = m f (n f x)
EBNF
fundec = sym , {sym} , ":" , type , "=" , expr , ";" ;
expr = expr' , { expr' } ;
expr' = sym
 | "(" , expr , ")" ;
type = type' , { "->" , type' } ;
type' = sym
 | "(" , type , ")" ;
sym = alpha , {alpha | digit} ;
External resources


Software Component for Polyglot Text - to - Speech Synthesis: User Interface and Beta Testing Results %A Paul Fogarassy-Neszly %A Zlatomir Zinveliu %A Costin Pribeanu %P 145-148 %X ext - to - speech synthesis has many applications in the area of assistive technologies for visually impaired people. Some applications require multilingual text - to - speech synthesis . In this case, multilingual text analysis and voice switching are desirable . In this paper an improved functional version (beta) of a software component for polyglot text - to - speech synthesis is presented. Beta testing results are useful to reveal the optimal level of par ameters and suggest new directions to improve the method and algorithms. Testing results show that the new version of the component is able to automatically detect the language with a reasonable accuracy from texts with a variable degree of fragmentation. %K Multilingual speech synthesis, language recognition, text - to - speech synthesis, assistive technologies beta testing, usability, accessibility %W _URL_


text:
Econometrica: Sep 1977, Volume 45, Issue 6
Multiple Time Series Analysis and the Final Form of Econometric Models
Kenneth F. WallisUnivariate autoregressive moving average models for the endogenous variables of a dynamic simultaneous equations system can be interpreted as a form of solution of that system. This paper considers the interrelationships between the various representations of the system, and develops joint estimation and model selection procedures for the multiple time series model which arises as a multivariate representation of the individual autoregressive moving average models. A test of the restriction of common autoregressive parameters is incorporated. Two empirical examples are presented, the first concerned with a model of the hog cycle and the second with a model of the United States economy previously considered by Zellner and Palm.
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Aerocene Explorer Tethered flight at Mobile Utopia Conference
2 November 2017
54°00'21.0″N 2°47'15.0″W
On November 2nd Sasha Engelmann, Bronislaw Szerszynski and Grace Pappas performed an Aerocene Explorer tethered flight in Lancaster, UK, within the framework of a two-day "Mobile Utopia Experiment" called "The Drift Economy", that Bron and Sasha co-organized. The Drift Economy workshop was held at the Lancaster City Library on November 1st, and at the Lancaster University InfoLab on the morning of the 2nd. Participants joined Bron and Sasha in experimenting with drifting seeds, VR-experiences of drift, and 'mapping drift' onto a three dimensional diorama of Lancaster's topography. The Drift Economy was an experiment in public participation in an alternative mobility regime based on the existing flows of water, air, slopes, soil and elemental processes.
Aerocene was a primary element in the Drift Economy experiment, as well as in the conference session and panel that Bron and Sasha chaired at the Mobile Utopia Conference.
In the context of the continuing expansion of fuel-intensive air travel and the militarization, securitization and commercialization of atmospheric space, the experimental workshop and the conference session were devoted to exploring how humans might develop an ethical and sustainable relationship with the atmosphere through vernacular ways of sensing, understanding and collaborating with the macroand micro-dimensions of air.
The approach to critical atmospheric utopias was inspired by Aerocene, inviting a tactile, unmediated skilling of atmospheric awareness. In its name, Aerocene also deliberately evokes the possibility of an epochal shift in humanity's relation with its home planet, and indeed in the very way that the Earth populates its atmosphere with moving things.
At around noon on the 2nd of November, Grace and Sasha inflated the sculpture on an open field near the conference venue. As they were attaching the GPS tracker to the Aerocene sculpture, Rob La Frenais joined them on his bike. Later in the conference, during his Keynote speech, Rob spoke about the Aerocene flight that had happened that day, and related it to the White Sands launch of D-OAEC Aerocene that occurred in 2015.
Luckily for the launch team, the weather was particularly benign on that day -except for a little wind – and the Aerocene Explorer floated in the atmosphere immediately, while recording track information with a handheld GPS attached to it. Sasha and Grace took turns flying the sculpture, and then Sam Hertz, who had just arrived at the conference, flew the Aerocene with Bron.
The Sculpture flew over an hour, overseen by over 60 people who gathered for the launch, registering a complicated aero-glyphic that was later processed with Garmin Basecamp and Google Earth into a striking visualization. Participants connected to the Aerocene Explorer wifi hotspot and connected to the Aerocene's onboard camera to 'see' what the sculpture was seeing. During her train travel back to London that evening, and on the way back up to Lancaster the following morning, Sasha downloaded the flight data from the launch and made some early attempts at a Google Earth flight visualization with the help of Joaquin.
The experience of the Aerocene launch resonated into the conference session during the following days. The "Atmospheric Adventures in the Aerocene: heterotopias of aerial mobility" conference panel on the 3rd November included presentations by Bron, Sasha and Sam Hertz. It also included a short film, "Points of Presence" made by Adam Fish, Bradley Garrett and Oliver Case. Rob La Frenais was the 'discussant'. The panel was guided by the following questions:
 - How can we invent and employ accessible, modest aerial experiments to arrive at an ethical engagement with the atmosphere?
 - What tools, skills, imaginaries and alliances do we need to develop to become more sensitive to the objects and vibrations passing through the atmosphere around us?
 - How can we populate the air in ways that enhance rather than diminish atmospheric affordances for different forms of life?
The response from the panel and the subsequent discussions with many scholars, researchers, artists, technologists and engineers was a clear indication of the way that the Aerocene launch and the panel discussion had catalyzed a range of reflections and insights at the Mobile Utopia conference. Indeed, many commented that it was the most expressive, ethical and collective 'mobile utopia' among the countless other proposals circulating in the air in Lancaster.
Sasha Engelmann would like to thank the Aerocene foundation for lending the sculpture to Aerocene friends in the U.K., Bron for coordinating their amazing Drift Economy experiment in Lancaster, Daniel Schulz for preparing the Explorer and checking all the components with Sasha during the summer, and Joaquin who was a fantastic (!) help with the Garmin device & software. Also Grace traveled over two hours from London to join the launch on that day and was incredibly super helpful in flying, communicating and documenting the Aerocene project to everyone involved.
Organizer: Sasha Engelmann
Drift Economy Experiment: Bronislaw Szerszynski, Sasha Engelmann and Adam Fish
Aerocene Explorer borrowed from Aerocene Foundation
Communication: Camilla Berggen Lundell (Aerocene Foundation) and Alice Lamperti our amazing intern at STS
Aerocene Explorer set-up and support: Daniel Schulz (STS)
Aeroglyphics tutorial and support: Joaquin Ezcurra (Aerocene Foundation)
Payload experiments: Grace Pappas


text:
Literature in Society. Europe and Beyond (MA)
Get the most out of your studies at Leiden University by taking part in our extracurricular activities.
A few times a year, activities are organised by the programme to encourage community building. Examples include the annual session in which alumni talk about their careers and the information session about internships, specifically tailored to students of the master in Literary Studies.
Moreover, the student associations of the German, English, French and Italian departments regularly organise cultural and social activities.
Leiden Leadership Programme
Are you interested in developing your leadership potential? The Leiden Leadership Programme (LLP) is an Honours Programme specifically developed for ambitious master's students at Leiden University and the Delft University of Technology who recognise the importance of leadership abilities. The LLP offers in-depth training sessions, assessments, seminars, and the creation of a Personal Leadership Roadmap – a five-year plan for reaching and developing your leadership potential.
Study at the Academy of Creative and Performing Arts
The Academy of the Creative and Performing Arts (ACPA) is a research institute and part of the Faculty of Humanities. The ACPA offers education such as electives, and talent programmes such as the Practicum Artium (PA), which gives you the opportunity to study photography, graphic design or drawing, and the Practicum Musicae at the Royal Conservatoire The Hague, where you can study classical music, singing, early music or jazz.
Find out more about ACPA.


Jun 22 '12 at 9:20
I think what _USER_ really needs is a way to compute the visible crop rect in the original image, which may have a smaller or larger size than the image view frame. This crop rect also can have a rotation. The crop rect depends essentially on 3 properties of the imageView: bounds, contentMode and transform. Creating an image context is the right way to cut out the visible portion of the original image, but thats the easy part of it. – phix23 Jun 22 '12 at 10:30
Your Answer


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A New Online Resource from the University of Iowa Library
The Atlas of Early Printing is an interactive site designed to be used as a tool for teaching the early history of printing in Europe during the second half of the fifteenth century. While printing in Asia pre-dates European activity by several hundred years, the rapid expansion of the trade following the discovery of printing in Mainz, Germany around the middle of the fifteenth century is a topic of great importance to the history of European civilization. This website uses Flash to depict the spread of European printing in a manner that allows a user to control dates and other variables.
Access Atlas here.


text: Vikings sold cheap copies of their sword called the Ulfberht. Their original Ulfberht was made from steel imported from the Middle East. Apparently they found a market for their swords and made copies from cheaper metal and sold them across northern Europe, where archaeologists would find them around a millennium later. Today the swords are described as having been too soft and as having buckled or broken easily when used in battle. 21st century researchers say that by the 11th century, after the Russians blocked access to the Volga River, it became almost impossible for the Vikings to obtain the higher-quality steel that they used in making their swords.


text:
Society for East Asian Anthropology
Anthropology And Environment Society
Cosponsored - Oral Presentation Session
In Mongolia's capital city, Ulaanbaatar, the murky and obscuring nature of the city's chronic air pollution is a physical constant of the long winter months. Air pollution intimately influences urban lives in Ulaanbaatar, not only through the bodies that breathe the particulate saturated air, but also through religious practices and the city's psychological underpinnings. Air pollution marks the boundary between what is considered to be the physical and the immaterial. It insinuates itself into all parts of the city, yet ultimately eludes capture and control. It is precisely this lack of clarity, its ambiguity or fuzziness, which makes pollution resonate powerfully within the minds of Ulaanbaatar's residents. As the dirty air blocks access to breath and light in the city, air pollution is believed to reflect broader cosmological, economic and moral obscurations. This talk will investigate how the desire for purification and light in Ulaanbaatar relate to contemporary Mongolian religious practices.


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This standard and its related handbook, NASA-HDBK-6003, Application of Data Matrix Identification Symbols to Aerospace Parts Using Direct Part Marking Methods/Techniques (DPM), were developed to provide NASA and its contractors with instructions to safely apply Data Matrix identification symbols to aerospace parts using these new DPM methods and techniques. Both the standard and the handbook were created by representatives from the major automatic identification and data capture (AI/DC) manufacturers, Government, and aerospace user groups under a collaborative agreement with NASA. Overall program/project requirements related to the use of the Data Matrix symbol include symbol criteria, marking method selection, marking surface preparation, marking location, protective coatings, marking environments, and mark-quality verification standards. This document does not specifically address the marking of human-readable characters or temporary part identification markings (bands, labels, or tags).
Applying Data Matrix Identification Symbols On Aerospace Parts (Superseding NASA-STD-6002C)
Document DateFriday, June 20, 2008
Related TopicsElectrostatic Discharge (ESD) Additive Manufacturing Commercial Off-the-Shelf (COTS) Soldering Workmanship Metrology Acceptance Data Package (ADP) Introduction to the NASA Quality Program Configuration Management Connectors Continuous Improvement Corrective Action and Root Cause Analysis Control Charts and Process Capability Counterfeit Parts Documentation Management Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) Fasteners Fiber Optics Foreign Object Debris (FOD) Inspection Control - Focus on Stamp Warranty Micro-Electrical-Mechanical Parts (MEMs) Non-Destructive Evaluation (NDE) Parts Reuse Process Control Quality Planning Records Management Regression Analysis Risk Management for Quality Assurance Robust Design Shelf-Life Control Software Assurance Staking, Bonding, and Conformal Coating Standards Statistics with Excel Supplier Audit Systems Engineering Wire Crimping and Harness - Private group -


quantity of information
The figurative approach to calculate the amount of information and estimates its values
Existent approaches to determination of basic concepts of information theory, coming from the statistical reasoning (classic approach), theory of algorithms (algorithmic approach) and theory of pattern recognition (vivid approach) are examined. Their comparative analysis is conducted. Approach which enables in number to estimate the value of information is offered.


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What is pentalead tetraoxide sulphate?
Pentalead tetraoxide sulphate is an inorganic compound composed of lead, oxygen, and sulfur. It is a yellow-orange solid that is insoluble in water.
Where is pentalead tetraoxide sulphate used?
Pentalead tetraoxide sulphate is used as a pigment in paints, inks, and plastics, and as a catalyst in the production of polymers. It is also used in the production of glass and ceramics.
How is pentalead tetraoxide sulphate used in the food industry?
Pentalead tetraoxide sulphate is used as an antioxidant in the food industry to prevent oxidation of food products and to extend their shelf life.
Benefit for pentalead tetraoxide sulphate health?
Pentalead tetraoxide sulphate has been found to have a number of health benefits, including reducing inflammation, improving cardiovascular health, and helping to reduce the risk of certain types of cancer.
What are the dangers of pentalead tetraoxide sulphate?
Pentalead tetraoxide sulphate is a toxic substance that can cause irritation to the skin, eyes, and respiratory system. Inhalation of the dust can cause coughing, sneezing, and difficulty breathing. Ingestion of the substance can cause nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Prolonged exposure can lead to more serious health effects, such as liver and kidney damage.
How is pentalead tetraoxide sulphate regulated across the world?
Pentalead tetraoxide sulphate is regulated differently across the world. In the United States, it is regulated by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). In the European Union, it is regulated by the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) under the Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) regulation. In Canada, it is regulated by the Canadian Environmental Protection Act (CEPA).


Martian core heat flux: Electrical resistivity and thermal conductivity of liquid Fe at Martian core P-T conditions
Innocent Ezenwa, Takashi Yoshino
Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review
9 Citations (Scopus)
Abstract
The present-day Mars has no magnetic field which suggests that the heat carried out of its liquid core is largely driven by conduction. To constrain the heat flux from Martian core, we measured the temperature (T) dependent electrical resistivity of solid and liquid Fe devoid of contamination in large volume press at various fixed pressure (P) up to 22.5 GPa, corresponding to the P at the top of the Martian core. We also measured its P-dependent resistivity up to 22.5 GPa at room T. At a P range between 18 and 20 GPa, we observed a drop in the electrical resistivity of ~35 μΩcm which is attributed to a loss in long range order magnetic structure. This loss gives rise to an overall decrease in the electron scattering processes induced by magnon. The transition from long- to short-range order magnetic structure occurs in association with the completion of crystallographic transformation from α-bcc (ferromagnetic) to ε-hcp (paramagnetic). The decrease in the electrical resistivity at the same P range corresponds to an increase in thermal conductivity of ~30 Wm−1 K−1. The resistivity and thermal conductivity of liquid Fe at the Martian core mantle boundary (CMB) on the cores side are estimated to be ~68 ± 3 μΩcm and ~82 ± 3 Wm−1 K−1, respectively. The heat conducted along its core adiabat is found to be ~45 mW−1 m−2. With a core radius of ~1700 km, we obtain a value of 0.3 TW for its total surface heat flux. In comparison with the resistivity of Fe at the Earth's core conditions reported by a recent study, our result indicates that pure liquid Fe is electrically more conductive in the Martian core than in the Earth's core. Our results will complement the HP3 subsurface heat flux measurements in the on-going NASA InSight Mission.
Original languageEnglish
Article number114367
JournalIcarus
Volume360
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - May 15 2021
ASJC Scopus subject areas
 - Astronomy and Astrophysics
 - Space and Planetary Science
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Cheese Party Chinese Podcast Review
Name of Podcast: Cheese Party Podcast（知识派对pinyin: zhī shí pài duì）
What topics are covered? This is a podcast about knowledge. It has one themed podcast every week aimed at telling people useful knowledge.
Why is it good to listen to?
This is a podcast which has 3 podcasters: 何峰 (pinyin: hé fēng), a mathematician, 王宇 (pinyin: wáng yǔ), a international financial reporter, and 简丽丽 (pinyin: jiǎn lì lì), a psychologist. All of them speak very standard Mandarin without any obvious accent. The podcast is very conversational and has some jokes. The podcasters speak with the correct (academic) terminology all the time especially for the psychological episodes where you can hear many big medical terms.
To listen or subscribe to the podcast, you can search 知识派对 in iTunes or it can be listened to at:
How often are the podcasts updated? Programs are updated on a weekly basis, but released in several parts (so one podcast might have 4 parts labelled as 01, 02 etc.) but they follow on.
Length of each podcast: Each release of the podcast is about 10-20 minutes long.
Description of the podcast:
知识(meaning knowledge) and 芝士 (pinyin: zhī shì, meaning cheese) are homonymic in Chinese, and there comes the English name of this podcast: Cheese Party. In this podcast, people are not sharing cheese but knowledge. Three professional podcasters talk about things they know well, which listeners can learn and make use of in our lives.
In one podcast, psychological discussion comes from 简丽丽, a psychological consultant,and he describes several psychological illnesses with interesting facts about these illnesses and how to cope with these illnessese. There are many podcasts dedicated to different areas of knowledge. This podcast is a "study" podcast but the information is given in an accesible way with some humour.
知识派对 is a very good podcast to improve your knowledge.
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Collaborators of your Space (contributors, moderators, admins) can share Quora content within the Space, request answers from the Space, or use the post editor to add original content. Moderators and admins can also post items from the suggestions and follower submissions tabs.
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Buy Now!
Snotbots and Polar Bear Heat Signatures: Intel Drones Support Conservation Efforts in Two New Expeditions
BY Zacc Dukowitz
4 October 2017
Today is World Animal Day, and therefore an appropriate day for Intel to release news about two recent scientific expeditions that were conducted with drones serving as a primary resource for scientists and conservationists.
In today's press release, Intel emphasized that both their drone the Falcon 8+ and their Artificial Intelligence software—showcased recently in one of the major keynotes at InterDrone —were instrumental to supporting these two expeditions.
Which makes sense. Drones collect raw data, and AI helps process that data into actionable insights. In combination, drones and AI can provide powerful tools for doing good in the world.
Arctic Polar Bear Expedition
For their expedition to the Arctic to track and document polar bears, Intel teamed up with renowned wildlife photographer and conservationist Ole Jørgen Liodden.
Given how dangerous they are and the vast areas they cover, the ideal method for tracking polar bears is from the air, but traditional methods involving helicopters are loud, invasive, and cost-prohibitive.
Even with the use of drones, the steel found in most boats can cause magnetic fields, which can potentially confuse drone compasses, making it difficult to take off and land on a moving boat.
The primary motive for the expedition was to capture information on polar bear behavior patterns at this moment in time. As mentioned in the video above, the plight of polar bears today can help us understand where we as humans might be headed.
Tracking the polar bears' behavior, breeding, feeding, and migration habits helps scientists not only understand the effects of climate change on the Arctic, but also the health of the entire planet.
Image source
The expedition found that polar bears did not show any signs of distress or changes in behavior when drones were flown approximately 150 to 325 feet from the animals, which is great news for conservation efforts. The less invasive the manner of collecting data, the better, both for collecting more accurate information and for making sure not to molest the animals being studied.
Polar bears are a symbol of the Arctic. If they become extinct, there will be challenges with our entire ecosystem. Drone technology can hopefully help us get ahead of these challenges to better understand our world and preserve the earth's environment.
– Ole Jørgen Liodden
Even with an aerial view, spotting a white polar bear against the white snow can be almost impossible.
Image source
But using aerial thermography on this expedition, the bears could be easily spotted against the cold background.
This technology opens up new possibilities and research opportunities, since finding polar bears can now be done in a much quicker, more efficient manner, which in turn opens up new possible approaches for the way polar bears might be studied.
Whale Exploration
Back in June we wrote about the Snotbot being sent to the U.N. The Snotbot is back in the news now, through their collaboration with Intel and with Parley for the Oceans.
The Snotbot is a drone that helps whale researchers study their subjects by hovering over them and collecting their snot—which might sound gross, but it's important work that helps us better understand whales and the environment in which they live.
Image source
It's impressive to note that now, with the use of AI from Intel, the Snotbot is getting smarter and smarter.
Project SnotBot uses Intel's machine learning technology to help the Ocean Alliance improve data analysis by running algorithms that can identify a particular whale and assess its health in real time, regardless of the presence of confounding factors, such as the whale's unpredictable movements and limited ocean visibility.
So far, the SnotBot has been used to collect spout water from blue whales, right whales, gray whales, humpbacks, and orcas in oceans around the world.
AI is giving whales a voice to share the health of our oceans and the environment. Using AI technology, researchers can make more timely decisions in the field and better understand the rich biological data that whale snot holds, including DNA, stress and pregnancy hormones, viruses, bacteria, and toxins.
– Cyrill Gutsch, Parley for the Oceans founder
Closing Remarks
Regarding these two drone-supported expeditions Anil Nanduri, the head of Intel's drone division, told UAV Coach:
From this expedition, we've learned that drones, like the Intel Falcon 8+, can be a way to put sensors out into the environment that are less intrusive and less expensive than manned equipment like helicopters, yet still able to reach locations that would be difficult for a researcher to get to on foot. They are very capable platforms that can be used for novel applications beyond just the commercial roles that they were designed for.
– Anil Nanduri, Head of the Drone Group at Intel
Read our recent interview with Anil on Intel's light show drones, and the vast creative potential they represent.
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GLOSSARY: Spectrophotometry
Spectrophotometry is defined as a process in which light of known intensity and wavelength is passed through a solution and used to estimate the levels of substances dissolved in that solution. Different materials absorb light of specific wavelength and the more of that substance present, the more light of that wavelength will be absorbed. If we measure the amount of light of a particular wavelength which passes through the substance, we can calculate the amount absorbed and therefore estimate the levels of the material absorbing the light.


G/G full form
Meaning : Ground-to-Ground communication
Category : Telecommunication
Sub Category :Military
Type : Abbreviation
What does G/G mean or stand for?
Ground-to-Ground communication as opposed to ground to air which is used by air traffic controllers to aircraft.G/G can be used in various situation and is mostly used by military units that need a secure communications channel to relay important information.


t) \in {\bf C} \times {\bf R}: |z|^2 + (t-\frac{1}{2})^2 = \frac{1}{4} \}}, through the device of stereographic projection through the north pole {N := (0,1) \in {\bf C} \times {\bf R}}, identifying a point {z} in {{\bf C} \subset {\bf C} \cup \{\infty\}} with the point {(\frac{z}{1+|z|^2}, \frac{|z|^2}{1+|z|^2})} on {S^2 \backslash \{N\}} collinear with that point, and the point at infinity {\infty} identified with the north pole {N}. This geometric perspective is especially helpful when thinking about Möbius transformations, as is for instance exemplified by this excellent video. (We may cover Möbius transformations in a subsequent set of notes.)
By unpacking the definitions, we can now work out what it means for a function to be holomorphic to or from the Riemann sphere. For instance, if {f: U \rightarrow {\bf C} \cup \{\infty\}} is a map from an open subset {U} of {{\bf C}} to the Riemann sphere {{\bf C} \cup \{\infty\}}, then {f} is holomorphic if and only if
 - (i) {f} is continuous;
 - (ii) {f} is holomorphic on the set {\{ z \in U: f(z) \neq \infty\}} (which is open thanks to (i)); and
 - (iii) {1/f} is holomorphic on the set {\{ z \in U: f(z) \neq 0 \}} (which is open thanks to (i)), where we adopt the convention {1/\infty = 0}.
Similarly, if a function {f: U \rightarrow {\bf C} \cup \{ \infty\}} is a map from an open subset {U} of the Riemann sphere {{\bf C} \cup \{\infty\}} to the Riemann sphere, then {f} is holomorphic if and only if
 - (i) {z \mapsto f(z)} is holomorphic on {U \cap {\bf C}}; and
 - (ii) {z \mapsto f(1/z)} is holomorphic on {\{ z \in {\bf C} \cup \{\infty\}: 1/z \in U \}}, where we again adopt the convention {1/\infty=0}.
We can then identify meromorphic functions with holomorphic functions on the Riemann sphere:
Exercise 18 Let {U \subset {\bf C}} be open, let {S} be a discrete subset of {U}, and let {f: U \backslash S \rightarrow {\bf C}} be a function. Show that the following are equivalent:
 - (i) {f} is meromorphic on {U}.
 - (ii) {f} is the restriction of a holomorphic function {\tilde f: U \rightarrow {\bf C} \cup \{\infty\}} to the Riemann sphere.
Furthermore, if (ii) holds, show that {\tilde f} is uniquely determined by {f}, and is unaffected if one replaces {f} with an equivalent meromorphic function.
Among other things, this exercise implies that the composition of two meromorphic functions is again meromorphic (outside of where the composition is undefined, of course).
Exercise 19 Let {f: {\bf C} \cup \{\infty\} \rightarrow {\bf C} \cup \{\infty\}} be a holomorphic map from the Riemann sphere to itself. Show that {f} is a rational function in the sense that there exist polynomials {P(z), Q(z)} of one complex variable, with {Q} not identically zero, such that {f(z) = P(z) / Q(z)} for all {z \in {\bf C}} with {Q(z) \neq 0}. (Hint: show that {f} has finitely many poles, and eliminate them by multiplying {f} by appropriate linear factors. Then use Exercise 29 from Notes 3.)
Exercise 20 (Partial fractions) Let {P(z)} be a polynomial of one complex variable, which by the fundamental theorem of algebra we may write as
\displaystyle P(z) = a (z-z_1)^{d_1} \dots (z-z_k)^{d_k}
for some distinct roots {z_1,\dots,z_k \in {\bf C}}, some non-zero {a}, and some positive integers {d_1,\dots,d_k}. Let {Q(z)} be another polynomial of one complex polynomial. Show that there exist unique polynomials {R_1(z),\dots,R_k(z),S(z)}, with each {R_i} having degree less than {d_i} for {i=1,\dots,k}, such that one has the partial fraction decomposition
\displaystyle \frac{Q(z)}{P(z)} = \sum_{j=1}^k \frac{R_j(z)}{(z-z_j)^{d_j}} + S(z)
for all {z \in {\bf C} \backslash \{z_1,\dots,z_k\}}. Furthermore, show that {S} vanishes if the degree {\mathrm{deg}(Q)} of {Q} is less than the degree {\mathrm{deg}(P)} of {P}, and has degree {\mathrm{deg}(Q)-\mathrm{deg}(P)} otherwise.
— 2. The residue theorem —
Now we can prove a significant generalisation of the Cauchy theorem and Cauchy integral formula, known as the residue theorem.
Suppose one has a function {f: U \backslash S \rightarrow {\bf C}} holomorphic on an open set {U \subset {\bf C}} outside of a singular set {S}. If {z_0 \in S} is an isolated singularity of {f}, then we have a Laurent expansion
\displaystyle f(z) = \sum_{n=-\infty}^\infty a_n (z-z_0)^n
which is convergent in some punctured disk {D(z_0,r) \backslash \{z_0\}}. The coefficient {a_{-1}} plays a privileged role and is known as the residue of {f} at {z_0}; we denote it by {\mathrm{Res}(f; z_0)}. Clearly this is quantity is local in the sense that it only depends on the behaviour of {f} in a neighbourhood of {z_0}; in particular, it does not depend on the domain {U} so long as {z_0} remains inside of that domain. By convention, we also set {\mathrm{Res}(f;z_0)=0} if {f} is holomorphic at {z_0} (i.e., if {z_0 \in U \backslash S}).
We then have
Theorem 21 (Residue theorem) Let {U \subset {\bf C}} be a simply connected open set, and let {f: U \backslash S \rightarrow {\bf C}} be holomorphic outside of a closed discrete singular set {S} (thus all singularities in {S} are isolated singularities). Let {\gamma} be a closed curve in {U \backslash S}. Then
\displaystyle \frac{1}{2\pi i} \int_\gamma f(z)\ dz = \sum_{z_0 \in S} W_\gamma(z_0) \mathrm{Res}(f; z_0),
where only finitely many of the terms on the right-hand side are non-zero.
Proof: The image of {\gamma} is contained in some large ball; restricting {U} and {S} to this ball, we may assume without loss of generality that {S} is both discrete and compact, and thus finite (by the Bolzano-Weierstra


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I am not getting Why Size of Class with a member function is 1 byte..While member function is 4 bytes in the following example.
class Test
 int m = 0;
int main()
 Test t1;
 int J = sizeof(t1);
 int K = sizeof(t1.Test11());
 return 0;
Here J becomes 1 Byte and K becomes 4 bytes. If K=4, then why size of class is not 4 bytes instead it shows 1 Byte
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What is the actual return type for Test::Test11? Is it a typo and you meant Test::Test()? The code you posted is not well formed in that it defines a class with a member function that has no return type. – David Rodríguez - dribeas Oct 1 '09 at 6:06
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2 Answers
up vote 12 down vote accepted
The function itself is not actually stored in the class.
Only the class's data members (and possibly its vtable pointer, if it has one) affect its size. The function itself lives in the executable code region, and all instances of the same type of class use that one definition of the function. The compiler does not actually copy out the entirety of a function body every time you create a new instance of the class.
Also, sizeof(t1.Test11()) does not mean "the size of the function Test::Test11's executable code in bytes." It means "the size of the type returned by Test::Test11".
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It should also be noted that 1 is the minimum value sizeof will ever return. Otherwise, arrays would break badly. – derobert Oct 1 '09 at 4:25
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Function implementation is not contained in each instance of a class, so instance of a class could have size 0, but it is not. Bjarne Stroustrup wrote here why is the size of an empty class not zero?
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Opinium has worked with The Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) since 2016, to provide insight to aid the safeguarding of the aviation industry through the encouragement of safe and responsible drone usage.
We initially conducted a 3 phase Qualitative/Quantitative study, to understand motivations, behaviours, lifestyle and attitudes towards drone flying and responsibility, culminating in insight to support the development of the dronecode. Since 2016, we have run a yearly tracker to understand the shifting attitudes to and behaviours around drones and drone usage. The research is conducted amongst the UK public at large, and with drones users who are the key group with whom the CAA needs to primarily engage.
"We were really impressed with how quickly Opinium grasped the technical subject of drones and quickly delivered exactly what we were hoping for. Their research approach is clearly very thorough revealing powerful insights, but for me it's the way they communicate that insight, their storytelling really helped me support my stakeholders inside and outside the CAA. Highly recommend them."
Our research has been integral to informing the CAA's strategy around drone responsibility. The research has supported the interest of multiple stakeholders, such as airlines and airports across the UK, in safeguarding the future of the aviation industry.