text:
Gimp tutorial: dodging and burning
Advanced Gimp tutorial for dodge and burn. This editing technique is widely used in portraits photography.
Dodge and Burn is a photo editing technique, mainly used in portraits, used to lighten and darken some areas of the skin, to increase the three-dimensionality of the face. Dodging and burning with Gimp is really easy, but you will need to do a bit of practice and know the basics of contouring for better results. Dodge and Burn is used to simulate the fashion photography, that are realized by a team of professionists using many lights, professional make up and photo editing.
In this advanced tutorial I'll explain how to Dodge and Burn assuming that you already know how to use Gimp with a little experience. It will not be a step by step tutorial on how to use each basic tool, but there will a link to our beginner tutorials when we'll do something more advanced.
Dodge and Burn means that we have to use different brushes to paint the face, simulating the work made by a a Makeup Artist, which uses different
shades of cosmetic foundation to create shadows and highlights that create the illusion of a different shape of the face, hiding small defects as a round face,
a pronounced chin or a wide forehead.
To change the appearance of the shape of the face we'll use a technique called Contouring. If you are interested in the world of makeup or you want to specialize in fashion portraits, I suggest you to study Contouring in depth. At the end of the tutorial, however, I'll make a brief summary of the different intervention needed for all the different shapes of face, to achieve an optimal Dodge and Burn, but without going into too much detail.
Dodging and burning
For this tutorial I'll use a portrait of a friend of mine that has been taken in natural light. The sun is on the side and I've used a flash to lighten the face. Her makeup was present, but not professional, so it's a good photo for this dodge and burn tutorial.
The first step to do is slightly increase the contrast, I prefer to edit the curves to get the desired result. Contrary to what we are used to, we must not be too careful not to burn the high lights. Some times dodge and burns effect works good even if the high lights are slightly burned out, up to the extreme of the photos edited in high key, where high lights are completely lost in an ethereal white. As always, you will have to choose which style suits you best. I prefer not to burn the high lights.
After the contrast increasing, you have to use a brush to draw the shades on the face. There are two ways to proceed. The first is to use the Dodge/Burn tool, which is found as a sub-instrument of the Smudge Tool. Being a specific tool you only have to set the brush, the size and the opacity. Draw normally with the left mouse button for brighten. If we draw while holding down the Ctrl key on the keyboard we will darken. Another way to select the Dodge/Burn tool is the shortcut Shift+D on the keyboard. Remember to keep the opacity rather low to have more control, it may be a good idea to work on a copy of the backgound layer.
Personally I proceeded in a different way. I configured an airbrush tool, which is located as a brush sub-instrument.
The sub-instrument thing is a new feature of the new versions of Gimp, if you can't find the airbrush tool,
you can take a look at this section of the tutorial about the new interface of Gimp, where you can find an easy explaination.
You can select the airbrush tool
also by pressing the A key on the keyboard. I've chosen a very soft stroke in soft light mode with an opacity
of 30%. First make a copy of the background layer, because we're going to heavily paint on the duplicate layer, and then lower the opacity.
With this brush I have then darkened the sides of the forehead with black color, and then lighten the chin and cheekbones with white color.
For the contouring I've used black and white, but you can also use a very light beige and a dark brown. Below you can see the brush used, and the brush strokes emphasized.
Remember that we have to change the opacity of the upper layer to decide the right amount of dodge and burn to apply. We used 35% opacity, with a second layer always at 35% only on the right cheek.
At this point we have to do a few more interventions using the same technique used before. Always with an airbrush tool, checking that you are still in soft light mode with an opacity of 20-30%, we color the whole background with black, to darken it. To finish you'll have to play a little, changing the colour of the brush you can colour with red the cheeks and the lips, we used a bright pink. Then with orange we brightened up the hair. We lightened the eyes a little bit with white. If necessary you can apply some shadows around the breast to emphasize it. Then we have increased the sharpness a bit with the "high pass filter" technique explained in this tutorial. Using the Smudge tool we have slightly softened the dark circles under the eyes and some parts of the face, without exaggerating to avoid the "doll" effect. Finally with the "clone tool" we erased the small skin imperfections.
Personally I wanted to exaggerate a little bit with the brushes, to show you the effect, as it is a tutorial. In any case, even if a bit emphasized, the portrait is still quite natural, because we didn't want to overdo it. If I had to dodge and burn this photo without thinking of a tutorial, I would have kept the opacity lower to make the effect slightly less visible. Below you can see the final result.
In-depth infos on contouring
As promised, in conclusion, I leave you with some tips from the italian website donna.fanpage.it with some suggestions on how to realize the ideal contouring for any shape of the face your models.
To try to shorten a long face, you need to darken the jaws, forehead and under the cheekbones without getting too close to the nose and mouth. Now lighten horizontally from the cheekbones to the center of the face.
To try to stretch a little bit a rounded face, you need to darken the underside and side of the face. At this point lighten the chin, the area above the cheekbones and only slightly the forehead.
To improve the volume of a slightly triangular face, you'll need to darken the sides of the forehead, fading downwards. Then lighten the chin and the area between cheekbone and jaw.
To try to smooth out a face that is too square, you have to darken the corners of the forehead and the jaw. Then lighten the centre of the chin and forehead.
If you liked this tutorial here you can find all the tutorials we have written for photo retouching with Gimp, or you can all the guides we have written for photographic technique. If you liked our work, you could consider to ❤support us: by clicking here you can see how.


text: Chladni figures are a visual manifestation of sound vibrations. On the basis of his studies of sounding bodies Chladni has been called the father of acoustics. In 1787 he investigated the vibrations of flat plates, and the patterns produced by certain sounds. He scattered fine sand evenly over a horizontal glass plate, clamped at one end, and set it in vibration with a violin bow; symmetrical patterns were formed where the sand gathered. That is, the black lines represented the parts of the plate that vibrated least and sand collected in the areas that were relatively still. Chladni's interest in the figures arose from hearing different sounds produced by vibrating plates: "I had observed that a sheet of glass or metal gave very different tones if it was struck when held in different positions". He then related these different tones to the patterns of vibration of the plates, which could be shown by configurations in the sand. The sounds and patterns varied with the points at which the plate was held. Initially round plates were used, and he experimented with a variety of shapes, like triangular, rectangular, hexagonal, semicircular, and elliptical plates. However, bowing square plates became the standard procedure. One of the features of the Chladni figures is that they could be analysed quantitatively. Chladni is shown in an array of figures formed by vibrating a flat, sand-strewn plate.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition
- n. A common European crow (Corvus corone) having glossy black plumage.
Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia
- n. The common crow of Europe, Corvus corone: so called because it often feeds on carrion. See cut under crow.
- n. The urubu or black vulture of America, Catharista atrata, a common bird of the southern United States, resembling the turkey-buzzard, and feeding entirely upon carrion.
- n. The common crow of America, Corvus americanus.
- n. A name of the European rook, Corvus frugilegus.
GNU Webster's 1913
- adj. the common European crow (Corvus corone) which feeds on carrion, insects, fruits, and seeds.
- n. See under Carrion.
- n. American vulture smaller than the turkey buzzard
Sorry, no example sentences found.
'carrion crow' hasn't been added to any lists yet.
Looking for tweets for carrion crow.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Downstream users are companies or individuals who use a chemical substance, either on its own or in a mixture, in the course of their industrial or professional activities.
Downstream users have a key role to play in advancing the safe use of chemicals by implementing safe use at their own site and communicating relevant information both to their suppliers and their customers.
Who is a downstream user?
Roles and obligations
Communication in the supply chain
Communication with suppliers
Effective communication between downstream users and suppliers at all stages in the REACH process ensures that relevant information is provided in the supply chain.
Communication with customers
Formulators need to communicate relevant safety information further down the supply chain to their own customers.
Chemical safety assessment
Downstream user chemical safety assessment
Downstream users may choose to carry out a chemical safety assessment if they use a substance outside the conditions described in the exposure scenario provided by the supplier, or if the use is advised against by the supplier.
Downstream user report
Downstream users have to report unsupported uses to ECHA in certain cases.


text:
CANADIAN CULTURAL CHARACTERISTICS
By Samatha Oliver
General Characteristics of Agricultural, Industrial, and Information Age Cultural Characteristics
Agricultural Age Cultural Characteristics:Local cultures (organized around rural communities or city states).
Industrial Age Cultural Characteristics:National Cultures (organized around the nation-state).
Information Age Cultural Characteristics:Globalization of cultures (organized around an increasingly interdependent world), creating surface level global unity along with deeper level local diversity of the world's cultures. Increased danger of localized cultural conflicts in post Cold War era as people seek new identies without sufficient recognition of global interdependence needs and dangers of war in atechnological age. New non-localized virtual communities also emerging in cyberspace.
Information/Data on Canadian Cultural Characteristics
Canada is the second largest country in the world after Russia. Canada's population is about 28.1 million people. The language spoken is English and French which both are offical languages. Religious belief follow traditional lines. The French are generally Roman Catholic while those of British descent are mostly Protestant.
Conclusions on Canada (Whether Primarily Agricultural, Industrial, or Information Age Re: Its Cultural Characteristics)
Canada is in the agricultural age (Its Cultural Characteristics)
Additional Online Sources on Canadian Cultural Characteristics
Traditional Bibliographic Sources on Canadian Cultural Characteristics
- Culturgram '96.
- Wired. Monthly magazine with interviews and articles on cutting edge information age issues.
- Toffler, Alvin. Future Shoch. New York: Random House, 1970. The Third Wave. New york: Bantam Books, 1980. Powershift: Knowledge, Wealth, and Violence at the Edge of the 21st Century. New York: Bantam, 1990
Return to Canada Home Page


text:
- What is Hamlet and why should I use it instead of Atlantis WG?
- How soon should you apply Hamlet?
- Can Hamlet be used to treat resistant black-grass?
- Should Hamlet be applied with a residual partner?
- Best Nozzles to use for Hamlet
- When to use Hamlet for black-grass control?
- How to use Hamlet?
- Why use Hamlet for grassweed control?
Miles Taylor, Bayer black-grass task force member explains which nozzles are best for Hamlet.


Will Ballard | Brian Bolado |
Emma Horner | Leah Nolan
Spending time in nature has proven benefits to mental health and overall wellbeing, including decreasing stress hormones, heart rate and blood pressure, whilst improving cognitive function, overall mood and psychological wellbeing.
Experts say up to 120 minutes per week spent in nature, provides our brains with a much needed break from the cognitive demands of everyday life, and is the idea amount of time to noticeably experience some of the many documented benefits.
Research shows that almost half of Australia's population between the ages of 16-85 experience mental health issues at some point in their life. From this, we felt it important to nudge people towards spending more time in nature – a free and accessible way to improve psychological wellbeing.
We hope to achieve this in the form of a diverse public information campaign appealing to the masses. By allowing us the opportunity to further engage with our audience we hope to provide habit building, achievable goals for individuals to integrate time spent in nature into their weekly routines.
By understanding the challenges of modern life, we have provided online resources to facilitate the implementation of our well considered and viable suggestions, along with easily understood educational information about the science behind the benefits of nature.
Large, night time projections onto buildings communicate the accessibility and beauty of nature. A gallery of different environments are projected on a short loop, and the sequence closes with a tagline to make nature's presence known, followed by our branding.
This installation is a solar powered shipping container, re-purposed to display scenic nature compositions and sounds —becoming a sensory walkway for the public to make their way through and around, gently reminding them of the beauty of nature, nudging them to spend more time in it.
In this concept, we've taken the iconic The Spheres sculpture (known colloquially as The Mall's Balls) and surrounded it with a freestanding vertical garden, peaking the interest of the general public and exposing them to our branding and cause. Inside, they will see the garden reflected in the sculpture, and as the walls feature a garden on both sides, the installation will have the added bonus of bringing more vibrancy to the area.
This living plant installation capitalises on empty retail spaces to provide the general public with a green space to relax in. Creating a space like this is a highly effective way to nudge people towards spending more time in nature, as they will actually experience some of the benefits of nature, at the same time as we are gaining their attention and exposing them to our branding.
This concept is a nature themed makeover of a store fitting room. By covering the walls with scenes of nature, the shopper is able to visualise themselves outside, whilst the tagline 'nature looks good on you', is seen above their reflection when they look in the mirror.
Our final concept is a tray liner to be used on food court trays, featuring imagery of grass with the prompt 'next time, let's take this outside'. It acts as a simple reminder that instead of sitting in the artificially lit food court, they could opt to eat their lunch outside as an easy way to spend more time in nature.
Throughout our campaign, we have used a QR code to help connect people to our website. Information on our website includes the details of our organisation and what we do, a breakdown of the benefits of spending time in nature, tips and resources to help people fit more nature into their routines, and information about our ethical and sustainable business practices.
The Instagram feed is the main hub to display our installations. We've designed the feed to showcase our work—posting tips, tricks and facts on how nature can help your mental health using our brand language.
We have also created the hashtag _TAG_ to allow people to submit photos of them engaging with nature after interacting with our installations.
Interested in taking this project further? Learn how you can Get Involved.


text:
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|System Administration Guide: Network Services Oracle Solaris 11 Express 11/10|
SLP configuration properties control network interactions, SLP agent characteristics, status, and logging. In most situations, the default configuration of these properties requires no modification. However, you can use the procedures in this chapter when the network medium or topology changes and to achieve the following goals:
Compensate for network latencies
Reduce congestion on the network
Add agents or reassign IP addresses
Activate SLP logging
Table 9-1 SLP Configuration Operations
Comment lines and notations
All of the basic SLP properties, such as net.slp.isDA and net.slp.DAHeartBeat, are named in the following format.
SLP behavior is defined by the value of a property or a combination of properties in the slp.conf file. Properties are structured as key-value pairs in the SLP configuration file. As shown in the following example, a key-value pair consists of a property name and an associated setting.
The key for each property is the property name. The value sets the numeric (distance or time), true/false state, or string value parameters for the property. Property values consist of one of the following data types:
True/False setting (Boolean)
List of integers
List of strings
If the value defined is not allowed, the default value for that property name is used. In addition, an error message is logged using syslog.
Note - Settings in the configuration file are case insensitive. For more information, refer to: Guttman, Erik, James Kempf, and Charles Perkins, "Service Templates and service: scheme," RFC 2609 from the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). [_URL_
Use this procedure to change the property settings in your SLP configuration file. SLP– enabled client or service software also can alter the SLP configuration by using the SLP API. This API is documented in "An API for Service Location," RFC 2614 from the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). [_URL_
For more information, see How to Obtain Administrative Rights in System Administration Guide: Security Services.
# svcadm disable network/slp
Refer to Configuration Properties for general information about the SLP property settings. See the sections that follow this procedure for examples of different scenarios in which you might change the slp.conf properties. See slp.conf(4).
# svcadm enable network/slp
Note - The SLP daemon obtains information from the configuration file when you stop or start slpd.
Example 9-1 Setting up slpd to Operate as a DA Server
In each area, various properties control different aspects of the configuration. The following sections describe different scenarios in which you might change the default property settings that are used in SLP configuration.


text:
Smoke From Australian Bushfires in January, 2020
- published: 06 Jan 2020
- views: 56464
This movie displays the extraordinary amount of smoke injected into the atmosphere from the Australian fires and its subsequent eastward dispersal observed by CALIPSO and MODIS over the past few days. The underlying RGB color image (courtesy of NASA Worldview) is from the Aqua/MODIS instrument for January 2, 2020, which shows a plume of brown smoke extending from the southeastern coast of Australia, over the Tasman Sea and beyond into the Pacific Ocean. The overlaid vertical cross sections show CALIPSO lidar profile observations along one of its orbits on three successive days (December 31, 2019 – January 2, 2020). The bright colors indicate the presence of small particles (aerosols) and the white color indicates clouds. Visible in each of the cross sections near 35o S is a thick layer of smoke from the fires at altitudes above 9 miles (14.5 km). The dark shading below these layers is due to the absence of lidar signals below the opaque smoke layers. These layers contain very small particles and have optical properties similar to smoke. The sequence of CALIPSO tracks that are featured in the movie indicates the continued transport of the smoke layer to the east. We anticipate that the plume will continue its movement over the next days, and the CALIPSO team will continue to monitor its progression. Credit: NASA\'s Langley Research Center...

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
Calculation of the Average Ground-Stress Components from Measurements of the Diametral Deformation of a Drill Hole / L. A. Panek
- Conference Author:
- Fifth Pacific Area National Meeting of the Society (1965 : Denver, Colo.)
- Physical Description:
- 1 online resource (27 pages) : illustrations, figures, tables
- Additional Creators:
- Panek, L. A., American Society for Testing and Materials, and ASTM International
- Restrictions on Access:
- Subscription required for access to full text. and License restrictions may limit access.
- Determining the change of stress in rock based on measurements of the deformation of a drill hole is a procedure that is increasing in popularity. A closely related procedure involves the application of this principle to determine the existing stresses in a rock medium by cutting free (core drilling) an annulus containing the drill hole.
- Dates of Publication and/or Sequential Designation:
- Volume 1966, Issue 402 (January 1966)
- 9780803160163 (e-ISBN), 9780803161702, and _PHONE_
- Digital File Characteristics:
- text file PDF
- Bibliography Note:
- Includes bibliographical references 15.
- Other Forms:
- Also available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription., Full text article also available for purchase., and Also available in PDF edition.
- Reproduction Note:
- Electronic reproduction. W. Conshohocken, Pa. : ASTM International, 1966. Mode of access: World Wide Web. System requirements: Web browser. Access may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
- Technical Details:
- Mode of access: World Wide Web.
- Source of Acquisition:
- ASTM International PDF Purchase price USD25.
View MARC record | catkey: 27997138


text:
To be hosted by A Squared at their London office, this session will wrap up the course and discuss how all the data collected feeds into design.
To be hosted by Card Geotechnics Limited, this session will cover how factual and interpretive reports are produced following the results of site investigation and laboratory testing. The session will include how geotechnical parameters are determined and how geological interpretation and geotechnical risk reviews are undertaken.
To be hosted by Geolabs in Watford. The session includes a tour of the laboratory facilities, presentations on soil and rock testing with discussion of the whys, pros and cons of geotechnical testing.
To be hosted by Geotechnical Observations, this session will discuss the various instruments and equipment that can be used to gather data before, during or after construction works.
This session will cover site investigation drilling techniques, in-situ testing and general constraints that need to be assessed when selecting the most appropriate ground investigation method for a site.
To be hosted by Groundsure, this session will run through the importance of completing a detailed desk based review of site conditions prior to undertaking works on site.


text:
How Do You Divide Water Lilies?
Cindy – Galesburg, IL
Dividing lilies may seem somewhat complicated, but our step-by-step process will explain exactly what you need to do. Try to plan it so you divide them during your spring cleanout, which would give easy access to tubers. Dividing is necessary every two to three years, and it is helpful if you notice the lily grew mostly pads and few lilies over the past season.
Step 1: Remove lilies from pond or container and rinse off. Plant baskets are ideal containers until they are ready to be moved to the pond.
Step 2: Trim away root growth and old foliage.
Step 3: Cut the tuber down to size. You can safely cut the tuber down between two to three inches on the growing part with a sharp knife. This can be increased to five to six inches on longer plants. Remember to also cut off new buds and older leaves, so that the new root system has a chance to grow.
Step 4: Plant each tuber separately or discard if you wish to reduce the lilies' quantity in your pond. Use plant fertilizer and planting media for best results and a continuing healthy pond.
Step 5: Replant them shallow in the pond until new growth begins.
Step 6: Upon new growth lilies can be moved deeper into the pond.


Difference Wiki
Sunfish vs. Moonfish
Sunfish and Moonfish Definitions
Sunfish
Any of various North American freshwater fishes of the family Centrarchidae, having laterally compressed, often brightly colored bodies and including the crappies, black bass, bluegill, and pumpkinseed.
Moonfish
Any of several carangid fishes chiefly of the genus Selene, found in warm coastal waters of North and South America and having a short silvery compressed body.
Sunfish
Any of several large marine fishes of the family Molidae, especially the ocean sunfish.
Moonfish
See opah.
Sunfish
Any of various small freshwater fishes of the family Centrarchidae, often with iridescent colours and having a laterally compressed body.
Moonfish
Any of various flat, oval marine fish species.
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Sunfish
Any of various large marine fishes of the family Molidae that have an oval compressed body.
Moonfish
Family Monodactylidae (pl=es, pl=es)
Sunfish
(intransitive) Of an animal such as a bull or a horse: to twist the body into a crescent shape and roll back and forth.
Moonfish
Mene maculata, of tropical coastal waters of the Indo-Pacific
Sunfish
A very large oceanic plectognath fish (Mola mola, Mola rotunda, or Orthagoriscus mola) having a broad body and a truncated tail.
Moonfish
Most species of genus Selene
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Sunfish
The lean flesh of any of numerous American perch-like fishes of the family Centrarchidae
Moonfish
(Chaetodipterus faber)
Sunfish
Among the largest bony fish; pelagic fish having an oval compressed body with high dorsal and anal fins and caudal fin reduced to a rudder-like lobe; worldwide in warm waters
Moonfish
Family Molidae (ocean sunfish)
Sunfish
Small carnivorous freshwater percoid fishes of North America usually having a laterally compressed body and metallic luster: crappies; black bass; bluegills; pumpkinseed
Moonfish
The opahs in the family Lamprididae.
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Moonfish
The cusk (Brosme brosme), a North Atlantic cod-like fish in the ling family Lotidae, the only species in its genus.
Moonfish
The southern platyfish (Xiphophorus maculatus)
Moonfish
An American marine fish (Vomer setipennis); - called also bluntnosed shiner, horsefish, and sunfish.
Moonfish
Any of several silvery marine fishes with very flat bodies
Moonfish
Large elliptical brightly colored deep-sea fish of Atlantic and Pacific and Mediterranean
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text:
by Bob Cramblitt
Small things often sell cars and create brand loyalty: the positioning of the cup holder; how the seat molds to your body; the thunk of the door when it closes. Add to that list how particles – whether they are rain, snow or dirt – disperse across the surface of a car.
Particle behavior in relation to the surface of a car is known in the automotive industry as vehicle soiling, and up until recently, it was nearly impossible to simulate in a computer. But within the last few years, Audi has made major strides in using CFD simulation and visualization to better predict the complex interactions that constitute vehicle soiling.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
In Euclidean space, There is a classic Theorem claims that: The length of every rectifiable curve can be approximated by sufficiently small straight line segment with ends on the curve.
Now, The question is that: Is there a similar thing happen on plane of constant curvature? I.e., Can the length of every rectifiable curve on the plane of constant curvature be approximated by sufficiently small geodesic line segment?
share|improve this question
Yes, this is normally how the length of the curve would be defined, if it is not assumed to be smooth. – yasmar Nov 11 '11 at 18:26
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Medical Term:
bulbomimic reflex

Definition: in a case of coma from severe apoplexy, pressure on the eyeballs causes contraction of the facial muscles of expression on the side opposite to the lesion; if coma results from diabetes, uremia, or other toxic cause, the reflex is present on both sides.
Synonym(s): facial reflex, Mondonesi reflex
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text:
This light brown squirrel is plant tender or water spike. This squirrel will add a bit of accent to your plants and help keep the soil moist. Plant tenders is made to be used in outdoors flower containers, barrel gardens or in potted house plants kept indoors. Plant Sitters help eliminate the need for constant attention and help avoid overwatering too. Using a plant tender is easy, simply insert the spike into the soil and fill the reservoir with water, refill when dry. The water in the reservoir soaks through the cone keeping the soil moist that surrounds the plant.
This plant tender is made of hand cast with clay slip and fired in my kiln. Each piece is glazed by hand and fired in my kiln a second time. All glaze used is non-toxic people and plant friendly.
Please keep in mind each piece is hand made and has its own individual characteristics.
ORDER & SHIPPING INFORMATION


text:
Objective: Simvastatin has been shown to enhance osseointegration of pure titanium implants in osteoporotic rats. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between the serum level of bone formation markers and the osseointegration of pure titanium implants in osteoporotic rats treated with simvastatin.
Materials and methods: Fifty-four female Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 3 months, were randomly divided into three groups: Sham-operated group (SHAM; n = 18), ovariectomized group (OVX; n = 18), and ovariectomized with simvastatin treatment group (OVX + SIM; n = 18). Fifty-six days after ovariectomy, screw-shaped titanium implants were inserted into the tibiae. Simvastatin was administered orally at 5 mg/kg each day after the placement of the implant in the OVX + SIM group. The animals were killed at either 28 or 84 days after implantation and the undecalcified tissue sections were processed for histological analysis. Total alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BALP) and bone Gla protein (BGP) were measured in all animal sera collected at the time of euthanasia and correlated with the histological assessment of osseointegration.
Results: The level of ALP in the OVX group was higher than the SHAM group at day 28, with no differences between the three groups at day 84. The level of BALP in the OVX + SIM group was significantly higher than both OVX and SHAM groups at days 28. Compared with day 28, the BALP level of all three groups showed a significant decrease at day 84. There were no significant differences in BGP levels between the three groups at day 28, but at day 84, the OVX + SIM group showed significantly higher levels than both the OVX and SHAM groups. There was a significant increase in BGP levels between days 28 and 84 in the OVX + SIM group. The serum bone marker levels correlated with the histological assessment showing reduced osseointegration in the OVX compared to the SHAM group which is subsequently reversed in the OVX + SIM group.
Conclusion: The results from this study indicate that the serum level of bone formation markers, especially BALP and BGP, could be correlated with the degree of osseointegration around titanium implants in osteoporotic rats treated with simvastatin.
© 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.


text:
Emerging technology: Agitation in dry material feeding
Keeping dry materials flowing from metering devices into processing systems has long been a problem. Dry materials tend to be sticky, to bridge over the metering screw, or to pack in the hopper. This can cause discrepancies in feeding accuracy, consistency, and uniformity.
To feed dry materials accurately from a screw feeder, you must ensure two things. First, the screw flights must be completely filled with material of uniform density. This means that the material cannot compact or segregate. Material compaction and segregation will cause some flights to be filled with a denser material and others to be filled with a lighter material, which creates an erratic feed rate.


text:
This is the.mov video version of the song "WRITING IS COOL!"
Educational Content: Capital letter at the beginning of a sentence; punctuation at the end of a sentence; spaces between words; pictures and words matching; make your story interesting; beginning, middle, and end; writing tools (pencil, paper, eraser, spacer)
A great WRITING song from Harry Kindergarten Music!
Preview this video on YouTube (actual video preview is in the middle of the linked HK Exclusive commercial):
If you wish to have your class perform this song for a live audience (graduation, assembly, etc.), please inquire at _EMAIL_, as there is a small performance fee.


DOI QR코드
DOI QR Code
A CHARACTERIZATION OF CONCENTRIC HYPERSPHERES IN ℝn
 - Received : 2012.12.24
 - Published : 2014.03.31
Abstract
Concentric hyperspheres in the n-dimensional Euclidean space $\mathbb{R}^n$ are the level hypersurfaces of a radial function f : $\mathbb{R}^n{\rightarrow}\mathbb{R}$. The magnitude $||{\nabla}f||$ of the gradient of such a radial function f : $\mathbb{R}^n{\rightarrow}\mathbb{R}$ is a function of the function f. We are interested in the converse problem. As a result, we show that if the magnitude of the gradient of a function f : $\mathbb{R}^n{\rightarrow}\mathbb{R}$ with isolated critical points is a function of f itself, then f is either a radial function or a function of a linear function. That is, the level hypersurfaces are either concentric hyperspheres or parallel hyperplanes. As a corollary, we see that if the magnitude of a conservative vector field with isolated singularities on $\mathbb{R}^n$ is a function of its scalar potential, then either it is a central vector field or it has constant direction.
Keywords
gradient;conservative vector field;central vector field;hypersurface;principal curvature;radial function
References
 1. R. Courant and D. Hilbert, Methods of Mathematical Physics. Vol. II, Partial differential equations, Reprint of the 1962 original, Wiley Classics Library, A Wiley-Interscience Publication, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 1989.
 2. L. A. Caffarelli and M. G. Crandall, Distance functions and almost global solutions of eikonal equations, Comm. Partial Differential Equations 35 (2010), no. 3, 391-414. _URL_
 3. M. P. do Carmo, Differential Geometry of Curves and Surfaces, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1976.
 4. T. L. Chow, Mathematical Methods for Physicists: A concise introduction, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2000.
 5. M.W. Hirsch and S. Smale, Differential equations, dynamical systems, and linear algebra, Pure and Applied Mathematics, Vol. 60, Academic Press, New York-London, 1974.
 6. D. Khavinson, A note on entire solutions of the eiconal [eikonal] equation, Amer. Math. Monthly 102 (1995), no. 2, 159-161. _URL_
 7. K. Nomizu, Elie Cartan's work on isoparametric families of hypersurfaces, Differential geometry (Proc. Sympos. Pure Math., Vol. XXVII, Part 1, Stanford Univ., Stanford, Calif., 1973), pp. 191-200, Amer. Math. Soc., Providence, R.I., 1975.
 8. O. N. Stavroudis and R. C. Fronczek, Caustic surfaces and the structure of the geometrical image, J. Opt. Soc. Amer. 66 (1976), no. 8, 795-800. _URL_
 9. J. A. Thorpe, Elementary Topics in Differential Geometry, Undergraduate Texts in Mathematics, Springer-Verlag, New York-Heidelberg, 1979.
Cited by
 1. Various centroids and some characterizations of catenary rotation hypersurfaces vol.42, pp._PHONE_, 2018, _URL_


Home > DeveloperSection > Blogs > Creating dll in c#.
Creating dll in c#.
C# C#
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In this blog I will tell you that how to create dll in c# by using notepad and visual studio command prompt. Here I will provide you a sample algorithm which is helpful for you while creating dll in c#.
1) Create a class for which you want to create a dll. Like following example will be demonstrate a sample class.
/*
 This is a program which give you a demonstration that how to
 make a dll in c# using notepad and visual studio command prompt.
*/
using System; //A basic namespace which is required for c# program.
public class Employee
{
 public void disp()
 {
 Console.WriteLine("This is sample dll created by notepad and c# compiler.");
 }
}

2) Save this class in a file by using valid filename. I had save this file by using Employee.cs for this demonstration.
3) Now compile this file by using following syntax.
 csc /target:library Employee.cs
 This will create a dll for Employee class. Here target:library will denotes that a dll should be created after compilation.
4) Now create another file in which create a TestEmployee named class which used this dll. Following example will demonstrate use of this class.
/*
 This is a sample program which will execute
 Employee.dll
*/
using System;
public class TestEmployee
{
 public static void Main()
 {
 Console.WriteLine("Testing of Employee.dll begins....");
 Employee emp=new Employee(); //Create an object of Employee class.
 emp.disp(); //Call disp() method of Employee class.
 Console.WriteLine("Testing of Employee.dll ends....");
 }
}

5) Save this file by using TestEmployee.cs .
6) Compile this file by using following syntax.
 csc /reference:Employee.dll TestEmployee.cs
Here reference word tells that Employee.dll is added in program before compiling.
7) Now execute program by writing TextEmployee.exe and see the output.
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text:
Rita Colwell, Public Health Champion, Wins Stockholm Prize
Dr. Rita Cowell. Photo courtesy of University of Maryland.
Rita Colwell, Ph.D., distinguished professor from the University of Maryland and Johns Hopkins University's Bloomberg School of Public Health in the United States, has been named the 2010 Stockholm Water Prize Laureate.
Colwell's pioneering research on the prevention of waterborne infectious diseases has helped protect the health and lives of millions.
Colwell, 76, is widely recognized as one of this century's most influential voices in science, technology, and policy associated with water and health. She has made exceptional contributions to control the spread of cholera, a waterborne pathogen that infects 3 to 5 million people and leads to an estimated 120,000 deaths each year. Through her groundbreaking research, innovations and decades of scientific leadership, she has defined our current understanding of the ecology of infectious diseases and developed the use of advanced technologies to halt their spread. Her work has established the basis for environmental and infectious disease risk assessment used around the world.
"Dr. Rita Colwell's numerous seminal contributions toward solving the world's water and water-related public health problems, particularly her work to prevent the spread of cholera, is of utmost global importance," noted the Stockholm Water Prize Nominating Committee in its citation.
Colwell has shown that certain bacteria, including the causative agent for cholera, can be present in natural environments in a dormant stage that could revert to an infectious state under the proper conditions. As a result of her work, scientists are now able to link changes in the natural environment to the spread of disease. Colwell was the first scientist to research the impacts of climate change on the spread of infectious diseases. She has also developed models to track and predict disease outbreaks, using remote sensing technology and satellite models.
H.M. King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden will formally present Dr. Colwell with the 2010 Stockholm Water Prize on September 9 during the 2010 World Water Week in Stockholm. The Stockholm Water Prize is a global award presented annually by the Stockholm International Water Institute. The Stockholm Water Prize Laureate receives US$150,000 and a crystal sculpture specially designed by Orrefors.


text: The requirements for the sustainability and performance of concretes are continuously increasing. Both properties can be improved through optimisation of the concrete mixing process. The following article demonstrates that the application of Power Ultrasound (PUS) during the mixing of the concrete – the Sonocrete technology described here – brings about significant increases in the flowabilities and early compressive strengths for a practically relevant concrete recipe. It was thereby possible to save at least 30% superplasticiser, to use a cement of a lower strength class with the same or better strength development or alternatively to shorten or completely replace the heat treatment. Further investigations into durability show that the carbonation behaviour and freeze/thaw resistance are not negatively affected by an ultrasound-assisted mixing process.


text:
ZoneSmart is a hand on field day exploring Management Zones. The morning group sessions will rotate through the four pillars of zone creation: Yield, Elevation, Soil and Remote Sensing.
During lunch we will explore the integration of the Yield, Elevation, Soil and Remote Sensing maps discussed in the morning sessions that lead to the creation of management zones and how to apply prescriptions to optimize field performance. Also a panel session will explore how to manage big data, including best practices and tips.
To learn more click here


The four-sided "star" or "pip" has been used to designate officer rank in the British and Australian armies for many years.
The only officer ranks in these two armies that do not contain a pip are those of major, lieutenant general and field marshal. These ranks utilize a crown rather than pips.
Although some regiments in the British Army have used their own version of the pip, the general issue pip and the one used in the Australian Army is a stylized version of the very elaborate star of the Knight Grand Cross of the military division of the Most Honourable Order of the Bath, one of Great Britain's four senior orders of knighthood. (The others being the Order of the Garter, the Order of the Thistle and the Order of Saint Patrick.)THE MOST HONOURABLE ORDER OF THE BATH (Click for Detail)
 The original badge contains the motto "Tria Juncta in Uno", which means "Three Joined in One", and refers to the union of the three kingdoms of the British Isles (England/Wales, Scotland and Ireland). If you have an older metal Australian pip, you might be able to make out the motto.
As far as I can discover, in WW1 there were 2nd lieutenants in the Australian Army, as one might expect, but in WW2 there were none, the rank existing in theory only, as all lieutenants were 1st lieutenants with two pips. Why this was so, I have not yet been able to find out. Perhaps someone out there knows. Share your knowledge with us.


even though there is no data stored directly at ^Data(5). Executing this statement one more time will set key to the null string (""), indicating that there are no more first level subscripts.
By using additional subscripts with the $ORDER function, you can iterate over different subscript levels. $ORDER returns the next value of the last subscript in its argument list. Using the data above, the statement:
 SET key = $ORDER(^Data(1,""))
will set key to 1 as ^Data(1,1) is the next second-level subscript. Executing this statement again will set key to 2 as that is the next second-level subscript. Executing this statement one more time will set key to "" indicating that there are no more second-level subscripts under node ^Data(1).
Looping with $ORDER
The following ObjectScript code defines a simple global and then loops over all of its first-level subscripts:
 // clear ^Data in case it has data
 Kill ^Data
 // fill in ^Data with sample data
 For i = 1:1:100 {
 // Set each node to a random person's name
 Set ^Data(i) = ##class(%PopulateUtils).Name()
 }
 // loop over every node
 // Find first node
 Set key = $Order(^Data(""))
 While (key '= "") {
 // Write out contents
 Write "#", key, " ", ^Data(key),!
 // Find next node
 Set key = $Order(^Data(key))
 }

Additional $ORDER Arguments
The ObjectScript $ORDER function takes optional second and third arguments. The second argument is a direction flag indicating in which direction you wish to traverse a global. The default, 1, specifies forward traversal, while –1 specifies backward traversal.
The third argument, if present, contains a local variable name. If the node found by $ORDER contains data, the data found is written into this local variable. When you are looping over a global and you are interested in node values as well as subscript values, this operates more efficiently.
Looping Over a Global
If you know that a given global is organized using contiguous numeric subscripts, you can use a simple For loop to iterate over its values. For example, in Caché Basic:
For i = 1 To 100
 Print ^Data(i)
Next
or the equivalent in ObjectScript:
 For i = 1:1:100 {
 Write ^Data(i),!
 }
Generally, it is better to use the $ORDER function described above: it is more efficient and you do not have to worry about gaps in the data (such as a deleted node).
The $QUERY Function
If you need to visit every node and subnode within a global, moving up and down over subnodes, use the ObjectScript $QUERY function. (Alternatively you can use nested $ORDER loops).
The $QUERY function takes a global reference and returns a string containing the global reference of the next node in the global (or "" if there are no following nodes). To use the value returned by $QUERY, you must use the ObjectScript indirection operator (@).
For example, suppose you define the following global:
 Set ^Data(1) = ""
 Set ^Data(1,1) = ""
 Set ^Data(1,2) = ""
 Set ^Data(2) = ""
 Set ^Data(2,1) = ""
 Set ^Data(2,2) = ""
 Set ^Data(5,1,2) = ""
The following call to $QUERY:
 SET node = $QUERY(^Data(""))
sets node to the string "^Data(1)", the address of the first node within the global. Then, to get the next node in the global, call $QUERY again and use the indirection operator on node:
 SET node = $QUERY(@node)
At this point, node contains the string "^Data(1,1)".
The following example defines a set of global nodes and then walks over them using $QUERY, writing the address of each node as it does:
 Kill ^Data // make sure ^Data is empty
 // place some data into ^Data
 Set ^Data(1) = ""
 Set ^Data(1,1) = ""
 Set ^Data(1,2) = ""
 Set ^Data(2) = ""
 Set ^Data(2,1) = ""
 Set ^Data(2,2) = ""
 Set ^Data(5,1,2) = ""
 // now walk over ^Data
 // find first node
 Set node = $Query(^Data(""))
 While (node '= "") {
 Write node,!
 // get next node
 Set node = $Query(@node)
 }

Copying Data within Globals
To copy the contents of a global (entire or partial) into another global (or a local array), use the ObjectScript MERGE command.
The following example demonstrates the use of the MERGE command to copy the entire contents of the OldData global into the NewData global:
 Merge ^NewData = ^OldData
If the source argument of the MERGE command has subscripts then all data in that node and its descendants are copied. If the destination argument has subscripts, then the data is copied using the destination address as the top level node. For example, the following code:
 Merge ^NewData(1,2) = ^OldData(5,6,7)
copies all the data at and beneath ^OldData(5,6,7) into ^NewData(1,2).
Maintaining Shared Counters within Globals
A major concurrency bottleneck of large-scale transaction processing applications can be the creation of unique identifier values. For example, consider an order processing application in which each new invoice must be given a unique identifying number. The traditional approach is to maintain some sort of counter table. Every process creating a new invoice waits to acquire a lock on this counter, increments its value, and unlocks it. This can lead to heavy resource contention over this single record.
To deal with this issue, Caché provides the ObjectScript $INCREMENT function. $INCREMENT atomically increments the value of a global node (if the node has no value, it is set to 1). The atomic nature of $INCREMENT means that no locks are required; the function is guaranteed to return a new incremented value with no interference from any other process.
You can use $INCREMENT as follows. First, you must decide upon a global node in which to hold the counter. Next, whenever you need a new counter value, simply invoke $INCREMENT:
 SET counter = $INCREMENT(^MyCounter)
The default storage structure used by Caché objects and SQL uses $INCREMENT to assign unique object (row) identifier values.
Using Temporary Globals
For certain operations, you may need the power of globals without requiring persistence. For example, you may want to use a global to sort some data which you do not need to store to disk. For these operations, Caché provides temporary globals.
Temporary globals have the following characteristics:
By default, Caché defines any global whose name starts with "CacheTemp" as being a temporary global. To avoid conflict with any temporary globals that Caché itself may use, you should start your temporary global names with "CacheTempUser".
Caché SQL uses temporary globals as scratch space for optimizing complex queries. It may also uses temporary globals as temporary indices during the execution of certain queries (for sorting, grouping, calculating aggregates, etc.)
Sorting Data within Globals
Data stored within globals is automatically sorted according to the value of the subscripts. For example, the following ObjectScript code defines a set of globals (in random order) and then iterates over them to demonstrate that the global nodes are automatically sorted by subscript:
 // Erase any existing data
 Kill ^Data

 // Define a set of global nodes
 Set ^Data("Cambridge") = ""
 Set ^Data("New York") = ""
 Set ^Data("Boston") = ""
 Set ^Data("London") = ""
 Set ^Data("Athens") = ""
 // Now iterate and display (in order)
 Set key = $Order(^Data(""))
 While (key '= "") {
 Write key,!
 Set key = $Order(^Data(key)) // next subscript
 }

Applications can take advantage of the automatic sorting provided by globals to perform sort operations or to maintain ordered, cross-referenced indices on certain values. Caché SQL and ObjectScript use globals to perform such tasks automatically.
Collation of Global Nodes
The order in which the nodes of a global are sorted (referred to as collation) is controlled at two levels: within the global itself and by the application using the global.
At the application level, you can control how global nodes are collated by performing data transformations on the values used as subscripts (Caché SQL and objects do this via user-specified collation functions). For example, if you wish to create a list of names that is sorted alphabetically but ignores case, then typically you use the uppercase version of the name as a subscript:


text:
Longus, sometimes Longos (Greek: Λόγγος), was the author of an ancient Greek novel or romance, Daphnis and Chloe. Very little is known of his life, and it is assumed that he lived on the isle of Lesbos (setting for Daphnis and Chloe) during the 2nd century AD
It has been suggested[by whom?] that the name Longus is merely a misinterpretation of the last word of Daphnis and Chloe's title Λεσβιακῶν ἐρωτικῶν λόγοι ("story of a Lesbian romance", "Lesbian" for "from Lesbos island") in the Florentine manuscript; Seiler also observes that the best manuscript begins and ends with λόγου (not λόγγου) ποιμενικῶν. If his name was really Longus, he was probably a freedman of some Roman family which bore that name as a cognomen.
Other ancient Greek novelists:
- Chariton - The Loves of Chaereas and Callirhoe
- Xenophon of Ephesus - The Ephesian Tale
- Achilles Tatius - Leucippe and Clitophon
- Heliodorus of Emesa - The Aethiopica
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Daphnis and Chloe|


text:
The main tunnel has an area of 21 sq m. It is about 4.5 metres wide and 5 metres high. The tunnel will start to be constructed at level minus 27 metres (i.e. 27 metres below sea level) in Bromma and then follow a falling line towards Sickla, where the level is at minus 43 metres. The tunnel will slope at an angle of 1 ‰, which means a drop of 14 metres over the overall 14 km route of the tunnel. The gradient of the tunnel will allow wastewater to flow all the way to Sickla due to gravity.
At its lowest level, the tunnel will travel beneath the bed of Lake Mälaren, 90 metres below sea level. The wastewater in this section will pass through a number of pipes in the tunnel in order to prevent sedimentation at the lowest level. This will allow the pipes to be flushed clean at regular intervals to prevent deposits and sludge.


text:
A Liverpool pub that has become 'a legend among sailors the world over' now stands empty and largely forgotten in the city centre.
The Nook pub on the corner of Griffiths Street and Nelson Street in Liverpool's Chinatown became world famous when its name was spread by traveling businessmen and sailors in foreign ports during the maritime heyday from the city.
Since 1940 it has also been known as the Chinese Local, a plaque attesting that it is fixed to its Nelson Street facade and has been called "Britain's only Chinese pub".
READ MORE:26 fascinating photos of Liverpool dockers at work and playing
Although the presence of Chinese in Liverpool dates back to 1834, it was in the 1860s that the first Chinese immigrants began to arrive thanks to Alfred Holt & Co, better known as the Blue Funnel Shipping Line, trading with the Far East and employing a large number of Chinese sailors.
Boarding houses were opened in the Pitt Street area near the docks, where Chinese sailors could stay with compatriots who spoke the same language.
During the May 1941 Blitz, German bombs wreaked havoc in Chinatown, destroying Pitt Street, Cleveland Square and Fredrick Street. This caused the Chinese community to move further inland to Nelson Street, Great George Street, Upper Parliament Street, Duke Street and Berry Street – areas of the city we now associate with Chinatown.
During Liverpool's heyday as a trading port, The Nook became a meeting place for seafarers and a hub for the local Chinese community.
However, it didn't just cater to Chinese sailors and the Chinese community, The Nook was a pub with a cosmopolitan reputation where sailors from all over the world rubbed shoulders with its regulars.
Does this bring back memories for you? Let us know in the comments section below.
From 1945 to 1974, The Nook was run by an Irish owner called Eileen Jones – one of the most respected and well-known licensees in town.
She was known to have an amazing collection of wide-brimmed hats and wore a different one every night – a fashion choice more likely to be spotted at Ascot than serving behind a bar.
In 1967, Eileen Jones was also crowned "Queen of Chinatown" by the Liverpool Press Club. Originally from County Cork, she came to Liverpool in 1930 with her husband and they originally owned a pub on Pitt Street.
In an article about Chinatown's dwindling population from its pre-war heyday published in the Liverpool Echo in 1974, the legendary landlady was quoted as saying: "To me it exists more than ever. My place is their only meeting place. It is a home for many and always will be."
When she died later that year, her funeral, which was attended by more than 200 mourners, was also echoed under the title: "Chinatown 'Queen' Dies".
The Days Gone By newsletter will bring you stories and photo galleries chronicling life on Merseyside.
Whether it's celebrating people, remembering a long-forgotten place, or opening the Echo Archives to mark a special anniversary, Days Gone By will be essential reading.
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The Nook passed into the hands of his son, Colman Fitzgerald, who carried on the pub's tradition of calling the time in English and Cantonese.
In a pub review in 1974, The Nook was described as: "[A] sailor's pub which counts among its regulars sailors from all over the world, but especially Chinese sailors, and the local Chinese community. If you call you will find the customers not only scrutinizing but downright friendly. The decor is oriental, with willow-like patterns on the tables, walls and lanterns, but the vibe is Scouse."
After being in the same family for 40 years, the keys to the pub were handed over to new management in 1985.
The pub's sad decline was documented in another Liverpool Echo review in 2008, when it was recently reported to resemble an 'abandoned bomb shelter'. But it was still "a lovely place full of character and characters".
After a pub facelift, the same review described how the portrait of The Nook's most famous owner "the feisty Mrs. Jones" is now gone, while the "gigantic world map showing the ancient maritime trade routes of yore has disappeared." also disappeared, collapsing during renovation."
After having its license suspended in 2009 when counterfeit cigarettes and vodka were found on the premises, Liverpool's once world-famous and most cosmopolitan pub has closed its doors.
In 2014, there were plans to convert the now derelict and condemned building into a living museum on Nelson Street. The plans involved creating a place where people could walk around and tell their stories, adding to the archives of the oldest Chinese community in Europe.
Unfortunately, the plans have yet to materialize and The Nook is empty. A sad elegy to a once legendary pub whose reputation for hospitality has crossed the oceans.
Do you like nostalgia? Receive the best articles by email for free with our nostalgia newsletter. Click here to see all Liverpool Echo newsletters


text:
EDUCATIONAL SCIENCES-THEORY & PRACTICE, cilt.15, ss.607-620, 2015 (SSCI İndekslerine Giren Dergi)
The purpose of this study is to examine the flow of doctoral students who are also research assistants and in the dissertation process. The study was designed using the case study method. The case undertaken in the study was the dissertation process. Eleven participants were selected into the study using maximum variation sampling. Face-to-face, semi-structured interviews were conducted with the participants. Descriptive analysis was used to analyze the transcripts. The descriptive analysis of the data identified four main themes: (i) personal characteristics, including tackling challenges, sense of responsibility and planned work habits; (ii) interest in the field, including decision making about postgraduate education, satisfaction from postgraduate education, the fit between the doctoral field and the student's interests and skills, and academic goals; (iii) emotional attachment, including enjoyed stages of the dissertation process, feelings aroused by the dissertation, and concentration on the dissertation process; and (iv) living the flow.


text:
Summary of risk factors and learning for improved practice around culture and faith
Published case reviews highlight that professionals sometimes lack the knowledge and confidence to work with families from different cultures and religions. A lack of understanding of the religions and cultural context of families can lead to professionals overlooking situations that may put family members at risk; whilst the desire to be culturally-sensitive can result in professionals accepting lower standards of care.
The learning from these reviews highlights that professionals need to take into account families' cultural and religious context when undertaking assessments and offering support. The rights and needs of the child need to remain the focus of interventions at all times, regardless of this context.
Published: June 2014


text:
Inclusion and Exclusion in the Liberal Competition State
The Cult of the Individual
Routledge – 2012 – 308 pages
This book examines the increasingly international division of labour, which promotes transnational integration. It analyses the change in worker solidarity as it moves from collective national welfare to a transnational inclusion of workers from various links in the production chain.
Examining three types of welfare regimes within the USA, Germany, Denmark and Sweden, the author addresses how and why globalization is furthering the change from the welfare state to the competition state. The book considers in particular the change to solidarity taking place because of the internationalization of labour division; a change away from the segmented and differentiated system of nation states with strong internal national solidarity to broader, more inclusive and cross-border labour identity and inclusion. Analysing the deeper moral consequences of a globalised labour society, such as the paradigms of inclusion and justice, this book considers the implications of transnational labour on national welfare politics, and looks at the increasing significance of the transnational and national politics of inclusion in social policy, education, minority rights, immigration and gender equality.
Inclusion and Exclusion in the Liberal Competition State will be of interest to scholars and students of political science, sociology and social policy studying welfare state change.
Introduction: Inclusion and exclusion in the emerging world society 1. Economic change: from incremental to radical innovation 2. The change of solidarity: the causes and consequences of international labour division 3. Symbolic change: the new cult of the individual 4. Institutional change: liberal, conservative and egalitarian adjustment to international labour division 5. Relative exclusion and disintegration: convergence in the liberal competition state? Conclusion: The interdependent change of economy, solidarity, politics and justice
Richard Münch is Professor of Sociology at the University of Bamberg, Germany.


CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER - Man Page
verify the peer's SSL certificate
Synopsis
#include <curl/curl.h>
CURLcode curl_easy_setopt(CURL *handle, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER, long verify);
Description
Pass a long as parameter to enable or disable.
This option determines whether curl verifies the authenticity of the peer's certificate. A value of 1 means curl verifies; 0 (zero) means it does not.
When negotiating a TLS or SSL connection, the server sends a certificate indicating its identity. Curl verifies whether the certificate is authentic, i.e. that you can trust that the server is who the certificate says it is. This trust is based on a chain of digital signatures, rooted in certification authority (CA) certificates you supply. curl uses a default bundle of CA certificates (the path for that is determined at build time) and you can specify alternate certificates with the CURLOPT_CAINFO(3) option or the CURLOPT_CAPATH(3) option.
When CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER(3) is enabled, and the verification fails to prove that the certificate is signed by a CA, the connection fails.
When this option is disabled (set to zero), the CA certificates are not loaded and the peer certificate verification is simply skipped.
Authenticating the certificate is not enough to be sure about the server. You typically also want to ensure that the server is the server you mean to be talking to. Use CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYHOST(3) for that. The check that the host name in the certificate is valid for the host name you are connecting to is done independently of the CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER(3) option.
WARNING: disabling verification of the certificate allows bad guys to man-in-the-middle the communication without you knowing it. Disabling verification makes the communication insecure. Just having encryption on a transfer is not enough as you cannot be sure that you are communicating with the correct end-point.
When libcurl uses secure protocols it trusts responses and allows for example HSTS and Alt-Svc information to be stored and used subsequently. Disabling certificate verification can make libcurl trust and use such information from malicious servers.
Default
1 - enabled
Protocols
All TLS based protocols: HTTPS, FTPS, IMAPS, POP3S, SMTPS etc.
Example
CURL *curl = curl_easy_init();
if(curl) {
 curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_URL, "_URL_");
 /* Set the default value: strict certificate check please */
 curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER, 1L);
 curl_easy_perform(curl);
}
Availability
If built TLS enabled.
Return Value
Returns CURLE_OK if the option is supported, and CURLE_UNKNOWN_OPTION if not.
See Also
CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYHOST(3), CURLOPT_PROXY_SSL_VERIFYPEER(3), CURLOPT_PROXY_SSL_VERIFYHOST(3), CURLOPT_CAINFO(3), CURLINFO_CAINFO(3), CURLINFO_CAPATH(3),
Referenced By
curl_easy_setopt(3), CURLINFO_SSL_VERIFYRESULT(3), CURLOPT_CA_CACHE_TIMEOUT(3), CURLOPT_CAINFO(3), CURLOPT_CAINFO_BLOB(3), CURLOPT_CAPATH(3), CURLOPT_CERTINFO(3), CURLOPT_CRLFILE(3), CURLOPT_DOH_SSL_VERIFYHOST(3), CURLOPT_DOH_SSL_VERIFYPEER(3), CURLOPT_ISSUERCERT(3), CURLOPT_ISSUERCERT_BLOB(3), CURLOPT_PINNEDPUBLICKEY(3), CURLOPT_PROXY_CAINFO(3), CURLOPT_PROXY_CAINFO_BLOB(3), CURLOPT_PROXY_CRLFILE(3), CURLOPT_PROXY_ISSUERCERT(3), CURLOPT_PROXY_ISSUERCERT_BLOB(3), CURLOPT_PROXY_SSL_VERIFYHOST(3), CURLOPT_PROXY_SSL_VERIFYPEER(3), CURLOPT_SSL_CTX_FUNCTION(3), CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYHOST(3), CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYSTATUS(3), libcurl-security(3).
August 07, 2023 ibcurl 8.3.0 libcurl


text:
Tear Catchers – For Those In Mourning
According to legend tear bottles were prevalent in ancient Roman times, when mourners filled small glass vials or cups with tears and placed them in burial tombs as symbols of love and respect. Sometimes women were even paid to cry into "cups", as they walked along the mourning procession. Those crying the loudest and producing the most tears received the most compensation, or so the legend goes. The more anguish and tears produced, the more important and valued the deceased person was perceived to be.The bottles used during the Roman era were lavishly decorated and some measured up to four inches in height.
In ancient Persia it is said that when a sultan returned from battle, he checked his wives' tear catchers to see who among them had wept in his absence and missed him the most.
Tear bottles reappeared during the Victorian period of the 19th century, when those mourning the loss of loved ones would collect their tears in bottles ornately decorated with silver and pewter. Special stoppers allowed the tears to evaporate. When the tears were gone, the mourning period would end.
However, the truth is perhaps somewhat different as most historians and archaeologists believe that these so-called "tear bottles" contained oily substances, perhaps fragrant ointments used as libations or to anoint the dead. Oddly enough, this theory was known well before modern chemical analyses, but so ingrained was the idea that these ancient bottles were "tear catchers," that people simply chose to ignore the facts and believe the romantic Victorian idea that they were tear catchers. The myth likely began with archaeologists and an oddly chosen term. Small glass bottles were often found in Greek and Roman tombs, and early scholars romantically dubbed them lachrymatories or tear bottles.


text:
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Partnership Against Wildlife Crime Scotland (PAWS)
Wildlife crime can involve anything from poisoning a golden eagle to cracking open freshwater pearl mussels. Rare species are put at risk, more familiar ones, like the badger or deer, suffer cruel torture and death.
In fact, wildlife crime threatens a far greater range of creatures and plants than you might imagine, even damaging the environment on which they depend. In short, it's the illegal destruction and theft of animals, plants and habitats, both in the countryside and urban areas.
It damages Scotland's environment and its reputation and we have a duty to the rest of the world to look after our internationally important species and habitats.
The Partnership for Action Against Wildlife Crime in Scotland - PAW Scotland - includes the police, land managers, conservationists and the Scottish Government. We have come together to fight this crime against Scotland.
You can help
We want to give you as much information and advice as we can, to help you, to help us.
Hen Harrier Sighting? Please email _EMAIL_
Page updated: Tuesday, April 23, 2013


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Shipping address plays a major role in business as it sends products and services to a specific location of a client or customer. However, there can be instances when you have to edit or change the Ship To address for a particular customer in QuickBooks. If you want to know the same, learn with us how to change Ship To address in QuickBooks. Along with this, we will teach you to edit or change the default Ship To address in QuickBooks. So, let's get straight to the guide.
How to Edit Ship To Address in QuickBooks?
There can be different reasons for which you may need to change the Ship To address However, now everyone is aware of the right procedure. If you want to learn how to change Ship To address in QuickBooks, we will teach you.
To change the shipping address on a purchase order, all you have to do is open the Vendor menu, select the Create Purchase Order, look for the Ship To option, and pick your customer whom you wish to edit the shipping address.
You can pursue these instructions to edit the Ship To address on a purchase order in QuickBooks Desktop:
- First of all, open the "QuickBooks" program on your computer.
- Then, go through the "Vendor" menu.
- After this, you have to click the "Create Purchase Order" menu.
- Here, you can find the "Ship To" or "Drop Ship To" fields. Make sure you locate them in the "Purchase Order" category.
- Once you found the shipping address, you can choose the relevant customer by clicking on the drop-down menu. Make sure you pick the customer to whom you are changing this address.
- After you pick your customer, move to the "Ship To" field and add the updated address.
After saving the new address in the Ship To field, you can close the tabs. Thereafter, you will be using the updated address and the orders will be shipped to that address only as long as you are not changing it.
How to Change Default Ship To Address in QuickBooks?
A lot of users prefer to add multiple addresses to one account. However, one of the addresses is usually being used the most. If it is required then you can set that address as the default one so that you don't need to choose an address every time you send the product.
If you wish to change the default Ship To address, you have to navigate through the Lists menu. Thereafter, you can open the purchase order template. This can be found in the Templates section. After this, look for the Transaction and Company Information tab. Here, you are required to update the address in the Ship To Address section.
One has to ensure that the details you are entering are correct; the Ship To address should match your Company Information.
Now, in order to change the default Ship To address, you can follow these steps:
- Launch the "QuickBooks" program on your computer.
- Move to the "Lists" menu.
- Then, go to the "Templates" tab.
- Now, you can start looking for the "Purchase Order" template.
- After you spot the purchase order template, double click on it.
- Now, switch to the "Company and Transaction Information" tab.
- Here, select the "Update Information" option.
- At this point, you can choose the "Ship To Address" option. You can find it on the right side of the screen.
- After this, you can check if the "Ship To Address" detail is the same as your "Company Information". If required then update the information.
- Once done, press the "OK" button to update the details.
As you follow these aforementioned steps, the default shipping address will be changed successfully. Now, you can continue using the updated address as your default address.
A shipping address is basically a location to where one sends the product or would like to get their order shipped. If you ever wish to change the address, you can do that easily. In this guide, we have shared easy steps for how to change Ship To address in QuickBooks. We also learned to change the default Ship To address in QuickBooks. Hope you find this blog useful.


Caterpillar (Alice's Adventures in Wonderland)
The Caterpillar (also known as the Hookah-Smoking Caterpillar) is a fictional character appearing in Lewis Carroll's 1865 book Alice's Adventures in Wonderland.
Alice character
Alice 05a-1116x1492.jpg
The Caterpillar using a hookah; an illustration by John Tenniel. The illustration is noted for its ambiguous central figure, whose head can be viewed as being a human male's face with a pointed nose and protruding chin or being the head end of an actual caterpillar, with two "true" legs visible.[1]
First appearanceAlice's Adventures in Wonderland
Created byLewis Carroll
In-universe information
AliasHookah-Smoking Caterpillar, Absolem
NicknameThe Blue Caterpillar
In the bookEdit
Introduced in Chapter Four ("Rabbit Sends in a Little Bill") and the main center of interest of Chapter V ("Advice from a Caterpillar"), the Caterpillar is a hookah-smoking caterpillar exactly three inches high (a height, the virtues of which, he defends against Alice's complaint). Alice does not like the Caterpillar when they first meet, because he does not immediately talk to her and when he does, it is usually in short, rather rude sentences, or difficult questions.
The original illustration by John Tenniel is something of a visual paradox, wherein the caterpillar's human face appears to be formed from the head and legs of a naturalistic caterpillar.[1]
In other mediaEdit
The Caterpillar makes an appearance in a few other places outside Alice's Adventures in Wonderland:
 - The Caterpillar appeared in the novel The Looking-Glass Wars and he plays the role of an oracle.
 - In the SyFy TV miniseries Alice, the Caterpillar is the leader of the underground resistance to the Queen of Hearts.
 - The Caterpillar also makes an appearance in "Curiouser and Curiouser," an episode of the television show Forever Knight, in the form of a child's toy.
 - In the ''Murdoch Mysteries'' TV show episode "Murdoch in Wonderland," the titular character is framed for murder following an "Alice in Wonderland" themed costume party. The host, Constance Gardenier, dresses herself as the Caterpillar.
 - The Caterpillar appeared in the video game American McGee's Alice and its sequel Alice Madness Returns, voiced by Jarion Monroe. He is the wisest denizen in Wonderland and provides guidance to Alice in both games.
 - The Caterpillar makes a cameo appearance in the Sunsoft's 2006 mobile game Alice's Warped Wonderland (歪みの国のアリス, Yugami no kuni no Arisu, Alice in Distortion World). The Caterpillar appears only in one scenario branch of the bad endings, warning Ariko (the "Alice" of the game) that Cheshire Cat has become dangerous, but is shortly squished to death by Cheshire Cat. The Caterpillar takes the form of a miniature human man in a green sleeping bag.[2][3]
 - In several Marvel Comics stories featuring Doctor Strange, the magical entity Agamotto has appeared in a form resembling the Caterpillar.
 - In popular music, the Caterpillar is mentioned in Jefferson Airplane's "White Rabbit" (1967), a song containing many references to the book Alice's Adventures in Wonderland.
 - In the 2003 horror crossover film Freddy vs. Jason, Freddy Kreuger takes the form of the Caterpillar and smokes a hookah in Freeburg's dream.
 - In one episode of Ouran High School Host Club called "Haruhi in Wonderland", Kyoya Otori is dressed as the Caterpillar.
 - The Caterpillar appears in the Mad T Party at Disney's California Adventure park, where he plays the keyboard.
 - The Caterpillar is also referenced in Melanie Martinez's song Mad Hatter.
 - The Caterpillar turned moth is also a main male character in The Splintered Series by A.G. Howard, in this series his name is Morpheus
 - Vladimir Nabokov refers to "the elenctic tones of Lewis Carroll's caterpillar" when describing the voice of a "stupid and suspicious" hotel manager in The Real Life of Sebastian Knight.
 - In Magical Girl Raising Project 4th arc named "JOKERS", a character named Uttakatta is based in the Caterpillar, several characters in the franchise were based in Alice's Adventures in Wonderland Characters. Like Hardgore Alice, Grim Heart or Shufflin.
Disney filmEdit
Blue Caterpillar
First appearanceAlice in Wonderland
Created byLewis Carroll
Voiced byRichard Haydn (original film)
Corey Burton (House of Mouse)
In-universe information
His memorable phrase is a breathy "Whooo ... are ... you?". In the Disney animated film, this line is visualised as exhalations of smoke in the shapes "O", "R" and "U". Alice remarks in the original story that the Caterpillar will one day turn into a butterfly, and in both the 1999 television film and Disney's 1951 version he does so in Alice's presence. He is voiced by Richard Haydn.
The Caterpillar in the Disney film is a blue creature who, as in the original Carroll story, smokes a hookah. He is seen as a very forthright character as he yells at Alice quite often during the scenes in which they both appear. He blows smoke in Alice's face and when she needs assistance he ignores her. He is a quite mean character providing little to no assistance to Alice and ends up confusing her more while she is trapped in Wonderland. He then ignores her and turns into a butterfly and flutters away not caring whether or not Alice makes it out alive. He also instructs her to eat a mushroom but does not say what it does thus putting her into possible danger. He briefly appears during the second caucus race. He reappears one final time during the ending chase, still in butterfly form but once again smoking on his hookah, and again ignoring Alice when she asks for his help escaping the Queen of Hearts.[4]
Tim Burton filmsEdit
Absalom the Caterpillar
First appearanceAlice in Wonderland
Created byLewis Carroll and Tim Burton
Voiced byAlan Rickman
Alan Rickman voices the Caterpillar, who in this adaptation is named Absolem.[5] Rickman was filmed while recording his voice in a studio, but his face was not composited onto the character's face as originally planned.[6]
He appears five times in the movie. The first time is outside Wonderland, when a young man named Hamish Ascot is about to propose to Alice and she notices a blue caterpillar on his shoulder. The second time is when Nivens McTwisp the White Rabbit, Tweedledum and Tweedledee, Mallymkun the Dormouse, and the Uilleam the Dodo consider Alice's identity, and they consult him. Absolem appears in a thick cloud of hookah smoke, which he blows at Alice. He appears again after Alice arrives at the White Queen's Castle, and again to remind Alice of her previous visit to Wonderland. He blows smoke at her twice this time, and Alice asks him to stop it. At the end of the movie, Absolem, as a butterfly, appears on Alice's shoulder as she sets off for China.
Rickman reprises the role in Alice Through the Looking Glass (2016), though he remains a butterfly, leading Alice to the looking-glass portal to Underland and informing her that matters require her urgent attention. He isn't seen again for the rest of the film but makes a cameo in the credits. This was also his final film performance and the film is dedicated in his memory.
Once Upon a TimeEdit
 - The Caterpillar appears in an episode of Once Upon a Time, voiced by Roger Daltrey.
 - The Caterpillar appears in the Once Upon a Time in Wonderland episode "Forget Me Not" voiced by Iggy Pop, wherein he operates a meeting-house for the transaction of criminal business. He is consulted twice by Alice for assistance in an adventure of her own.
 1. ^ a b "And do you see its long nose and chin? At least, they look exactly like a nose and chin, don't they? But they really are two of its legs. You know a Caterpillar has got quantities of legs: you can see more of them, further down." Carroll, Lewis. The Nursery "Alice". Dover Publications (1966), p27.
 2. ^ "Alice's Warped Wonderland". Sunsoft. Retrieved August 26, 2018.
 3. ^ "Alice's Warped Wonderland ~Encore~". Sunsoft. Retrieved August 26, 2018.
 4. ^ "Caterpillar -". Retrieved 2015-10-20.
 5. ^ "Alice in Wonderland – Glossary of Terms/Script (early draft)" (PDF). Walt Disney Pictures. Retrieved March 30, 2010. (early draft of the film script, first started Feb. 2007)
 6. ^ Topel, Fred (December 19, 2008). "Alan Rickman talks about Alice in Wonderland". Archived from the original on July 8, 2011. Retrieved February 21, 2010.


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"Today, scanners that read documents use a red laser light," Wong says. "When the red laser light scans the document, it turns the entire document red. Thus, a signature written in red ink seems to disappear. In many cases, you'll find that black ink is more likely to be used when submitting applications, official documents, and other business documents. Government documents, such as a passport application, also require the use of black ink. In some countries, they are so strict about these guidelines that they will completely reject any government correspondence classified in the wrong color. That's right. Final documents must always be signed in blue ink. Thank you for explaining the blue ink for signatures on the final documents. They should have talked about wills and powers of attorney. The color of the ink you use isn't the only potential legal pitfall signatures can bring. Let's say your spouse is out of town and you want to deposit an expense check or discount for your partner.
You could be in legal trouble. Some legal documents and financial records may require blue ink. This includes documents such as credit card applications. This is because the use of black (or any other color) can trigger indicators for fraudulent cheques or credit card applications, as they cannot tell if they are original documents versus a photocopy. However, avoid colors other than black or blue, as lighter ink colors may be washed out when copying. Some government agencies require black ink, while others require blue ink. Some reasons are: black ink, which is compatible with older scanning technology. or. Blue ink is more different from black text.
Be sure to follow the instructions on government, commercial, or financial forms for the required ink color. Without specific instructions, the choice is yours. Beware of specific pen requirements in the instructions at the top of each form you can fill out. Using the wrong color can lead to a number of issues if your form is rejected or fraudulent activity is triggered. You never want to use a pencil for important documents, as it can be erased and tampered with. Even if you're legally married and have a joint bank account, it's illegal to confirm your spouse's name on the back of a check, says Charles R. Gallagher III, an attorney at Gallagher & Associates in St. Petersburg. Petersburg, Florida.
Technically, signing someone else's name is cheating. And that could result in the cheque being denied for payment and even your arrest if your spouse were to lay charges. It is best to use blue or black ink for signatures. Avoid colors such as red, purple, and green. Blue ink signatures are easier to distinguish on papers filled with a lot of black printing. The securities company and lender will want to quickly verify the exact signatures of more than 100 pages of documents before the transaction is completed. The blue ink stands out in a sea of black ink. Plus, it's dark enough to read and appear on a copy. "Blue ink is preferred because when black ink is used, someone at the bank or credit card company may not be able to tell if they are looking at a photocopy of a signature or a signature originally inked," says Wong. CDE, a court-certified and court-qualified forensic expert. "It is easier to assume that the document is 'original' if it is signed in blue ink." And with the sophistication of today's technology, it's entirely reasonable that a copy could be mistaken for an original. It is not difficult to imagine the various documents that could be changed for shameful purposes.
These documents can include wills, contracts, deeds, promissory notes and many others. You shouldn't just use the first pen you find when it comes to signing professional or legal documents. It's important that you consider professional colors when filling out business forms. You don't want to use red, purple or green. To be sure, it is best to use blue or black ink. But determining which color is acceptable doesn't have to be difficult. "We encourage signatories to our documents to use blue ink because it contrasts with our applications, which is especially beneficial if identification issues arise in the future," says Angleton. The investment company and the lender will want to quickly review the more than 100 pages of documents to obtain accurate signatures before closing the transaction. The blue ink stands out in a sea of black ink. Plus, it's dark enough to read and appear on a copy.
Blue ink is also valuable when it comes to learning and other creative goals. Blue ink (and colors other than black) help improve memory response and have positive effects on the brain. They also help keep the creative juice flowing. However, the pen is more powerful than the sword. (Ask anyone who regrets signing their timeshare agreement.) So what color of ink is officially legal? All colors work. As soon as someone puts his name on paper, he wants the words above his signature to become an indisputable law. For this reason, legal documents have strict rules designed to avoid loopholes, subsequent negotiations, and future litigation. In most cases, for example, legal documents must be signed with a pen. The use of other writing tools is rare: you don't want to sign a legally binding document in pencil – although a signature with a pencil is still legally binding, despite what you might have suspected. You could sign with a pencil, and the document would still be legitimate.
However, most people know that it is not recommended because common sense dictates the use of permanent ink. Pencil marks can be removed and the validity of the document questioned. Blue ink is also valuable when it comes to learning and other creative goals. Blue ink (and colors other than black) help improve memory response and have positive effects on the brain. They also help to make creative juice flow.


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Where are the women on the Spanish Wikipedia?
Only 11.6% of its registered editors the Spanish-language version of Wikipedia are women. An interdisciplinary research project carried out by the UOC used a method to quantify more accurately the gender gap on the Spanish-language Wikipedia site
With its more than 40 million articles in 301 different languages, Wikipedia is one of the largest human collaboration efforts in history. One of the main pillars on which this wish to bring together the sum of all knowledge is based is the achievement of a neutral space. However, several studies suggest that the site suffers from a persistent gender bias as regards both content and the composition of its community. An analysis of the gender gap in the Spanish-language version of Wikipedia by an interdisciplinary team at the UOC has revealed that only 11.6% of its registered editors are women.
According to the new study, which has been published in the journal PLOS One, the difference could be partially due to female editors being less persistent. "Women edit less and give up sooner. This is part of the reason the gap is not narrowing," note the authors. In spite of this, the results reveal a small group of veteran female editors, some of whom have edited more than men, a fact that could help design measures to highlight and increase women's participation in this space.
The paper is signed by UOC researchers Julià Minguillón of the Learning Analytics for Innovation and Knowledge Application in Higher Education group (LAIKA), of the Faculty of Computer Science, Multimedia and Telecommunications, Julio Meneses and Sergi Fàbregues of the Gender and IT group (GenTIC), of the Internet Interdisciplinary Institute (IN3) and of the Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, and by Professor Eduard Aibar of the Philosophy for Contemporary Challenges group (MUSSOL) of the Faculty of Arts and Humanities. Núria Ferran, a researcher at the Faculty of Audiovisual Media of the University of Barcelona, also took part.
A new method for identifying gender
With over 1.58 million pages, the Spanish version of Wikipedia is the ninth largest, as well as the fourth largest by number of registered editors (around 17,000). One of the challenges facing the new study has been identifying these people's gender, as many of them have chosen not to reveal it in their Wikipedia personal profiles. To ascertain this, in addition to collecting the information published by the users themselves, the researchers also created a systematic method to establish their gender based on their names and the use of grammatical gender in the descriptions appearing in their profile. This procedure made it possible to identify the gender of 49% of editors, as compared with only 38.8% who had specified it on their personal page.
According to the results of this innovative process, the number of active female editors in the Spanish-language version of Wikipedia accounts for 7.4% of all existing profiles, a figure that rises to 11.6% if you take into account only those profiles whose genders we know for certain. "These differences mean that the Spanish-language Wikipedia site is a male-dominated territory that may plausibly be considered a misogynistic place by female editors. Additionally, the high percentage of unknown profiles hinders efforts to reduce this perception, as women perceive anonymous editors as more critical of their contributions," the researchers highlight.
Lower retention rates among female editors
In general, the study also found differences in editing practices, as women have lower retention rates. According to the authors, this can be explained "partly by female editors being less persistent and tending to leave Wikipedia much more quickly, particularly in the first few weeks." However, an analysis of the most active people on the site revealed the disappearance or even reversal of gender differences between men and women in some cases: "There is a small group of veteran female editors who have edited more than male editors in terms of editing practices and involvement in different parts of Wikipedia," they highlight.
The types of contributions made are another differentiating factor between men and women. According to the study, female editors edit a higher percentage of non-article pages; in other words, in places whose specific purpose is to interact with other participants, particularly discussion pages, where articles' flaws and possible improvements are discussed. These findings seem to corroborate those of previous studies suggesting that men tend to be contributors while women tend to behave more as collaborators. However, the researchers highlight that "when taking into account only the most active editors, although women have a higher average number of edits in all namespaces, the differences between women and the most active men are not statistically significant."
Greater interest in gender-related matters
The researchers also found differences between the two groups' interests based on an analysis of the categories used by Wikipedia to group articles by subject area. Although the authors describe these categories as "too general," the study suggests that women are "slightly less" interested in editing science and nature pages.
As for content pages, men always outperform women by three to one. In fact, women often do not contribute at all or contribute significantly less, although with one exception: gender gap-related pages and WikiProjects. "We found only two groups of pages in which women seem more active than men: the 'Women' and 'Feminism' WikiProjects and another group of pages relating to gender issues. It therefore appears that women are more interested in making contributions in this field," they stress.
Highlighting the work of the most active female editors
In view of this bias, the researchers suggest a variety of measures to encourage participation by women. Firstly, they propose changes to the way the website works, such as facilitating editing — particularly regarding the management of references — to "avoid incomplete or erroneous edits that are almost certain to be subsequently deleted." They also recommend improving the identification of "abusive behaviours," particularly by veteran editors who may be "less than fully impartial in relation to gender issues, a problem that is not exclusive to women and may also affect other minority groups," they note.
They additionally emphasize the importance of supporting female editors for longer after taking part in Wikipedia welcome activities such as WikiProjects or Wikimarathons, where they get together in one place to edit and improve a subject matter or group of articles. Highlighting the involvement of the group of most active female editors is another recommendation made by the researchers, who assert that "raising awareness of women's successful experiences could provide a good starting point to encourage other women to continue editing and thus promote their long-term commitment to Wikipedia." Finally, the conclusions of the paper also stress the need to research why women stop editing Wikipedia and take a closer look at the role of Wikimarathons to encourage more women to take up and maintain the editing habit over time.


tf.compat.v1.train.Scaffold
Structure to create or gather pieces commonly needed to train a model.
Used in the notebooks
Used in the guide
When you build a model for training you usually need ops to initialize variables, a Saver to checkpoint them, an op to collect summaries for the visualizer, and so on.
Various libraries built on top of the core TensorFlow library take care of creating some or all of these pieces and storing them in well known collections in the graph. The Scaffold class helps pick these pieces from the graph collections, creating and adding them to the collections if needed.
If you call the scaffold constructor without any arguments, it will pick pieces from the collections, creating default ones if needed when scaffold.finalize() is called. You can pass arguments to the constructor to provide your own pieces. Pieces that you pass to the constructor are not added to the graph collections.
The following pieces are directly accessible as attributes of the Scaffold object:
 - saver: A tf.compat.v1.train.Saver object taking care of saving the variables. Picked from and stored into the SAVERS collection in the graph by default.
 - init_op: An op to run to initialize the variables. Picked from and stored into the INIT_OP collection in the graph by default.
 - ready_op: An op to verify that the variables are initialized. Picked from and stored into the READY_OP collection in the graph by default.
 - ready_for_local_init_op: An op to verify that glob


Abstract
The computing continuum model is a widely ac-cepted and used approach that make possible the existence of applications that are very demanding in terms of low latency and high computing power. In this three-layered model, the Fog or Edge layer can be considered as the weak link in the chain, indeed the computing nodes whose compose it are generally heterogeneous and their uptime cannot be compared with the one offered by the Cloud. Taking into account these inexorable characteristics of the continuum, in this paper, we propose a Reinforcement Learning based scheduling algorithm that makes per-job request decisions (online scheduling) and that is able to maintain an acceptable performance specifically targeting real-time applications. Through a series of simulations and comparisons with other fixed scheduling strategies, we demonstrate how the algorithm is capable of deriving the best possible scheduling policy when Fog or Edge nodes have different speeds and can unpredictably fail.
Citation
Proietti Mattia, G., & Beraldi, R. (2021). Leveraging Reinforcement Learning for online scheduling of real-time tasks in the Edge/Fog-to-Cloud computing continuum. 2021 IEEE 20th International Symposium on Network Computing and Applications (NCA), 1–9. _URL_
@inproceedings{2021ProiettiMattiaLeveraging,
 author = {{Proietti Mattia}, Gabriele and Beraldi, Roberto},
 booktitle = {2021 IEEE 20th International Symposium on Network Computing and Applications (NCA)},
 title = {Leveraging Reinforcement Learning for online scheduling of real-time tasks in the Edge/Fog-to-Cloud computing continuum},
 year = {2021},
 volume = {},
 number = {},
 pages = {1-9},
 doi = {10.1109/NCA53618.2021._PHONE_}
}