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How to create an independent branch in git
In a git repository everything normally starts with an initial commit and all other commits are ancestors of this first commit. But is it possible to create a second initial commit or even a third? Another initial commit with a complete different working directory? Yes it is.
Clean Code with underscores in literals
As of java 1.7 the java language specification allows integer literals to contain underscores in order to make them more readable. If it is applied in a good way it can enormously increase the readability of your code. In java 1.6 one had to define integer literals like this: int iterations = _PHONE_; long bytes = 0b11010010011010011001010010010010; With java 1.7 such integer literals can be written more readably by using the underscore as a thousands separators. int iterations = 10_000_000; or when using binary literals one can use the underscores to group bytes long bytes = 0b11010010_01101001_10010100_10010010; Further information can be found at _URL_ _URL_ Recommended Reading
How to fix java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: com.ibm.websphere.ssl.protocol.SSLSocketFactory in eclipse
If you use IBM's WebSphere plugin for eclipse you might have the problem that other plugins can't establish an SSL connection anymore. The result is most times a ClassNotFoundException: com.ibm.websphere.ssl.protocol.SSLSocketFactory. This blog explains the reason behind the problem and gives a workaround to prevent that exception. Problem description When a component within eclipse (e.g. atlassian jira connector) tries to connect to an SSL socket a ClassNotFoundException: com.ibm.websphere.ssl.protocol.SSLSocketFactory is thrown. This exception is often the root cause of other exceptions. Caused by: java.net.SocketException: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: com.ibm.websphere.ssl.protocol.SSLSocketFactory at javax.net.ssl.DefaultSSLSocketFactory.throwException(SSLSocketFactory.java:198) at javax.net.ssl.DefaultSSLSocketFactory.createSocket(SSLSocketFactory.java:205) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:57) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:606) at org.apache.commons.httpclient.protocol.ReflectionSocketFactory.createSocket(ReflectionSocketFactory.java:116) at org.apache.commons.httpclient.protocol.SSLProtocolSocketFactory.createSocket(SSLProtocolSocketFactory.java:130) at org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpConnection.open(HttpConnection.java:707) at org.apache.commons.httpclient.MultiThreadedHttpConnectionManager$HttpConnectionAdapter.open(MultiThreadedHttpConnectionManager.java:1361) at org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpMethodDirector.executeWithRetry(HttpMethodDirector.java:387) at org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpMethodDirector.executeMethod(HttpMethodDirector.java:171) at org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpClient.executeMethod(HttpClient.java:397) at com.sun.jersey.client.apache.DefaultApacheHttpMethodExecutor.executeMethod(DefaultApacheHttpMethodExecutor.java:210) … 18 more… Read More »How to fix java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: com.ibm.websphere.ssl.protocol.SSLSocketFactory in eclipse
Remove directories and files permanently from git
Some day you might want to remove files or directories from git permanently, because someone committed sensitive data or large binary files that should not reside in the repository to keep clone times short. In this blog I want to show you how to delete directories and files permanently from a git repository. The first chapter is a short answer and is intended for those of you who only want to quickly remove files and don't want to undestand it in-depth. The section chapter dives into the depth of git and gives you links to other resources to understand how files are managed in git and thus can be removed. The short answer… Read More »Remove directories and files permanently from git
How to fix IBM Websphere ant task error: Unable to parse setupCmdLine: null\bin\setupCmdLine.bat
When trying to execute a wsadmin command using ant you might get the error Unable to parse setupCmdLine: null\bin\setupCmdLine.bat (The system cannot find the path specified) This error is caused when you don't provide the user.install.root system property or no wsadmin task profileName property. In order to fix you can either add a user.install.root property and point it to your websphere profile directory (in default installations e.g. AppSrv01) or you can just add a profileName attribute to the wsadmin task. In this case the wsadmin task resolves the profile directory for you, because of the wasHome attribute that you must provide. The analyse of the error Reproduce the error Before we dive into the analyse we need an example project to… Read More »How to fix IBM Websphere ant task error: Unable to parse setupCmdLine: null\bin\setupCmdLine.bat
How to fix IBM Websphere JNDI exception "cannot find the factory for this scheme: java"
Some time ago I stumbled on a weird exception when deploying an EAR on IBM WebSphere Application Server 8.5. The EAR got successfully installed, but when the application server tried to start the WAR archive of my EAR I got this exception: javax.naming.ConfigurationException: NamingManager.getURLContext cannot find the factory for this scheme: java at com.ibm.ws.naming.util.Helpers.checkForUrlContext(Helpers.java:1631) at com.ibm.ws.naming.util.WsnInitCtx.lookup(WsnInitCtx.java:160) at com.ibm.ws.naming.util.WsnInitCtx.lookup(WsnInitCtx.java:179) at org.apache.aries.jndi.DelegateContext.lookup(DelegateContext.java:161) at javax.naming.InitialContext.lookup(InitialContext.java:436) After searching the web for this exception I came to the conclusion that I have to debug it on my own. Some days of debugging later I found out that there was a configuration problem that was not obvious. So I decided to write this blog and I hope that it can safe… Read More »How to fix IBM Websphere JNDI exception "cannot find the factory for this scheme: java"
Stateless Rest Service Authentication
REST Services are considered stateless. Therfore a Rest Service must not hold any client state. If so REST Services can be scaled easily by adding new server nodes without to worry about session replication. But this also means that a REST-Client must send all authentication information with every request. There are several techniques to handle that and each of them has it's pros and cons. This blog wants to discuss some different approaches. Why not just using stateful application services? The simplest way to implement authentication in an application service is to make it stateful. This means that the application service is aware of requests that the client made before some request. Therefore… Read More »Stateless Rest Service Authentication
A type-safe named query design approach for JPA
The starting point In a JEE you normally use the Java-Persistence-API JPA to access the data. JPA provides named queries which are statically defined queries with an unmodifiable query string. Because the query string is unmodifiable a client must still be able to provide parameters that concretize a query. Those query parameters are placed in the query string in a special format, e.g. :username. So if we define a named query in the simplest way it will look like this: @Entity @NamedQueries( { @NamedQuery( name = "findOrdersByUsername", query = "select distinct o


Thursday, February 5, 2009
String or binary data would be truncated
There are many times where a query may result to the following error:
String or binary data would be truncated.
The statement has been terminated.
We will go through a simple example for explaining this behavior.
Consider the following table:
CREATE TABLE [dbo].[Products](
[id] [int] NOT NULL,
[code] [varchar](10) NULL,
[description] [varchar](100) NULL,
CONSTRAINT [PK_Products] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED
(
[id] ASC
)) ON [PRIMARY]
In our scenario, we will use the Products table which as the name implies, it stores information about products.
The table has three columns:
 - id of type int which is also the primary key
 - code of type varchar with size 10
 - description of type varchar with size 100
Let's try to insert some records:
insert into Products(id,code,description)
values (1,'00000-1234','Product A')
We can see that the above insert statement was executed successfully:
select * from Products
Result:
id | code | description
---------------------------
1 |00000-1234 | Product A
Now let's try to insert another record:
insert into Products(id,code,description)
values (2,'00000-34567','Product B')
In this case, the above insert statement returns an error:
Msg 8152, Level 16, State 14, Line 1
String or binary data would be truncated.
The statement has been terminated.
The above error occurs because the size of the code value (11) in the insert statement exceeds the allowed size (10).
If we take a look at the table's definition, we can see that the size of the code column is 10.
Though the size of the value (00000-34567) in the insert statement is 11 characters. In such cases SQL Server returns the abovementioned error.
If we also try to insert multiple records (i.e. by using row constructors) and there is even one record which contains a value that exceeds the allowed size defined for the specific field in the table, then the whole statement fails:
insert into Products(id,code,description)
values (1,'00000-1234','Product A'),(2,'00000-34567','Product B'),(3,'00000-3456','Product C')
Error Message:
Msg 8152, Level 16, State 14, Line 1
String or binary data would be truncated.
The statement has been terminated.
Now let's try something else:
insert into Products(id,code,description)
values (2,cast('00000-34567' as varchar(10)),'Product B')
Within the above statement the 11-characters code value was converted to varchar(10) and the insert statement was executed successfully.
Though if we see the records in the Products table we can see that the last character (7) was not included.
select * from Products
Result:
id | code | description
---------------------------
1 | 00000-1234 | Product A
2 | 00000-3456 | Product B
As we can see, there are two approaches handling this issue: either filter your data correctly (with respect to the size of characters for the columns in the table's definition) before trying to insert them into the table, or use a SQL Server function (i.e. cast, convert, substring, etc.) in order to automatically remove the redundant characters. The choice is yours!
Of course, you can always use larger column sizes I guess! :)
--
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Artemakis Artemiou [MVP]
Author & Editor
Has laoreet percipitur ad. Vide interesset in mei, no his legimus verterem. Et nostrum imperdiet appellantur usu, mnesarchum referrentur id vim.
1 comments:
Ameenulla said...
i am getting the same problem.i am dumping data from one table to another(insert in to table 1 select * from table2) , here my requirement is insert the valid record and discard the invalid record whose lenth is exceeding .


text:
Brisbane will host the 2032 Olympic and Paralympic Games—and it is expected to bring a huge arrival of athletes and visitors from all over the world.
The Games are one of the world's largest and most prominent sporting events and typically draws millions of spectators.
Now is the time for Brisbane to build new infrastructure, ensure enough hotels are available to meet the demand and improve the transportation system network. A recent survey conducted by Infrastructure Australia predicts a massive $4.7 billion annual congestion cost for Brisbane by 2031.
Dr Andy Nguyen is an Advance Queensland Industry Research Fellowship recipient and working on developing Artificial Intelligence powered (AI-powered) condition monitoring research that aims to reduce maintenance costs and unnecessary closures of tunnels by at least 10 million per annum, while ensuring safe and efficient transport tunnels.
Advance Queensland's Industry Research Fellowships support researchers in carrying out studies that benefit Queensland, and Dr Nguyen's research is a great demonstration of this. With $360,000 in funding received over three years, Dr Nguyen's research will deliver innovative tunnel condition monitoring technology to safeguard Queensland's tunnel infrastructure.
Can you provide a short overview of your research project?
The research project aims to develop a novel AI-powered automated structural condition and health monitoring technology, that can advance the condition management and digital engineering of the transport tunnel network in Queensland.
The use of AI can enable the rapid and accurate uncovering of the structural condition of the tunnels in real-time, providing critical information for rapid assessment and decision making. This can help to ensure greater public safety by identifying potential structural issues before they become a significant problem.
Who are you partnering with and why?
The key partner in this automated AI vision-based structural health monitoring technology research project is Transurban, as they are the sole operator of all tolled road tunnels in Brisbane. This partnership puts Transurban in a unique position to benefit from the development of this technology for at-the-edge condition assessment of their tunnel assets.
The research work will enable a completely new way of digital management and will overcome the challenges of cloud-based solutions, such as being vulnerable to network uncertainties and cyber-attacks.
The development of this novel technology has the potential to revolutionise the way in which the condition of transport tunnels is managed, ensuring greater public safety and enabling more efficient and effective maintenance and repair strategies.
How will the funding support you on your research journey?
Advance Queensland funding will significantly boost my research efforts and facilitate to work effectively with Transurban in co-location mode.
It will help to ensure I have a thorough understanding of Transurban's needs and assist with developing a condition monitoring technology that is suitable for their transport tunnel structures.
The combination of funding from Advance Queensland and working in co-location mode with Transurban, will help to ensure the research is relevant, practical, and effective in addressing the specific needs and challenges facing the transport infrastructure sector in Queensland.
How will your research benefit and assist Queenslanders?
This new condition monitoring technology developed from this research, has the potential to make transport tunnels more efficient and reliable for Queenslanders, especially during events like the 2032 Brisbane Olympic and Paralympics. The new technology can help to avoid unnecessary tunnel closures, travel disruptions and detours, which can have a significant impact on people's daily lives.
Furthermore, the research will help to ensure that the tunnel network is ready and will provide safe and efficient transport for Queenslanders for many years to come.
What does it mean to you to be a recipient of the 2022 Advance Queensland Industry Research Fellowships program?
I am deeply honoured and feel privileged to be a recipient of the prestigious Advance Queensland Industry Research Fellowship. This program will ensure my AI and automated system research finds the best destinations in the Queensland industry, for research translations and the best chance of commercialisations.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
You may encounter the following error message in host events:
Unable to complete the operation due to the following error on the Agent/Appliance: Error processing PKCS7 data: error:06065064:
Additionally, one or more of the following symptoms may occur:
- It shows "Send Policy Failed" events.
- Deep Security Agent (DSA) may turn into offline status after its successful activation.
- Only one computer appears on the Computer page even when multiple computers are activated.
The Deep Security Manager (DSM) identifies Deep Security Agents based on the UUIDs. When computers have duplicated UUIDs, the issues mentioned above may occur because DSM could not handle requests from DSA due to duplicated UUIDs.
Some possible reasons of UUID duplication are as follows:
- Virtual machines are cloned using an unsupported method.
- A computer was not deactivated before restoring, and then it was restored after the computer was already activated by DSM.
To fix the issue:
- Find out the cause of UUID duplication and correct it.
- Remove the duplicate computers from the Computers page.
- Reset and reactivate the Deep Security Agent.
In case you are not able to identify the UUID duplication issue, do the following as a workaround:

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Help With Function to find MAX value in Array
I am new to Rust and trying to make a function to return the max value of an array and reverse an array:
The following code works but is not a function:
fn main() {
 let arr: [i64; 5] = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
 let mut large: i64 = 0;
 let mut i: usize = 0;
 large = arr[0];
 while i < arr.len() {
 if large < arr[i] {
 large = arr[i]
 }
 i = i + 1;
 }
 println!("Largest element in the array: {}", large);
}
Can a function be made and simply called by main?
fn max_number(_numbers: &[i64]) -> i64 {
 …
}
Best, David
FYI, code needs to be formatted by enclosing it between two lines of three (or more) backticks, like so:
'''
Code goes here
'''
You appear to have formatted your code by preceding lines with >, which is for formatting blockquotes.
On the matter of your actual question, exactly what trouble are you having with trying to convert your code into a function? Have you made any attempts, and, if so, what errors did the compiler give?
1 Like
I assume this is for learning purposes. I'll walk through how this can be done and some improvements that could be made.
Here's a first pass at modifying your program. I made minimal changes:
 - Added the function you suggested
 - Put most of your code in the function
 - Renamed arr to numbers in the function
 - Added large at the end of the function to return it
 - Left the array and println in main, and called the function to get large
There's still a warning about an unused initialization that we can get rid of:
- let mut large: i64 = 0;
 let mut i: usize = 0;
-
- large = numbers[0];
+ let mut large = numbers[0];
But here's a question for you: What should happen when someone passes in an empty slice? Indexing element 0 will panic if the slice is empty in this version. We'll come back to do this later.
Next pass: It's much more idiomatic to use iterators in Rust than to do "manual" indexing like you're doing here. for loops work with iterators, or more technically things that implement IntoIterator (that can be turned into iterators). Shared slices like &[i64] implement that trait, and the resulting iterator is over references to the contents (i.e. the iterator items are &i64).
So we can rewrite your while loop into a for loop and get rid of i:
 for number in numbers {
 if large < *number {
 large = *number
 }
 }
At this point there's a number of minor tweaks that could be applied, for example to get rid of the need to dereference number all the time. But now I want to return to the question about empty slices. We can address that by returning an Option instead of an i64, and then the caller can decide what they want to do (use a default value, panic, etc.)
fn max_number(numbers: &[i64]) -> Option<i64> {
 let mut large = numbers.get(0)?;
 for number in numbers {
 if large < number {
 large = number
 }
 }

 Some(*large)
}
Here,
 - I changed the signature to return Option
 - get is similar to indexing, but returns an Option to a reference of the contents
 - If the slice is empty, .get(0) will return None instead of panicking
 - The ? will return from the function if get returned None; otherwise, it evaluates to the contained reference, which gets assigned to large
 - Because large is a reference now, I removed all the dereferenes from number
 - I wrapped large in Some when returning it, and added a dereference to large
The biggest thing to learn here is probably the ? operator. It works with Result as well as Option, and is covered in this part of the book.
We need one more change to make this compile:
 fn main() {
 let arr: [i64; 5] = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
- let large = max_number(&arr);
+ let large = max_number(&arr).unwrap();
 println!("Largest element in the array: {}", large);
 }
It's okay to unwrap here -- we'll only get None if the slice we pass in is empty, and we know that's not the case because we're passing in a reference to an array of size 5.
Here's the playground with those changes.
I think that's a good enough stopping point for this exercise.
Incidentally, finding the maximum element is a common enough operation that there's a generic way to do it in the standard library. It's a method on the Iterator trait. So you could just do this:
 // 'large' is now a reference in this version...
 let large = arr.iter().max().unwrap();
 // ...or in this version it's still an 'i64'
 let large = arr.iter().copied().max().unwrap();
(But I've assumed that's not the point of this post.)
P.s. See the pinned post on code formatting for this forum.
1 Like
quinedot,
Thank you for this awesome presentation which is really a complete lesson which I've saved for review,
appreciate the time and care + sharing.
Best,
David
This topic was automatically closed 90 days after the last reply. We invite you to open a new topic if you have further questions or comments.


text:
The Bigger Picture
Photo and caption by Matt Mahony
As I walked alongside a swift glacial river in Jasper National Park, the stripe in this small rock caught my attention. Its unique shape reminded me of the innate connection between the rocks littering the ground beneath my feet and the towering mountains above. The perspective captured in this photo inspires the realization that this small rock is on its own journey across the surface of the Earth that began a long time ago in the majestic peaks where it originated.
Location: Jasper National Park, Alberta, Canada


Almaz - Meaning of Almaz
What does Almaz mean?
[ syll. al-maz, alm-az ] The baby girl name Almaz is pronounced as AELMaaZ †. Almaz is mainly used in Ethiopian and it is of African-Ethiopia origin. The name Almaz means diamond.
See also the related categories, diamond and ethiopia.
Baby names that sound like Almaz include Almaas, Almas (Arabic and Turkish), Allma, Alma (English, German, Hebrew, Italian, and Spanish), Almah, Almha (Irish), Almog (Hebrew), Ahlama, Alanah (English), Alanice (English), Alanis (English and Irish), Alannis (English), Alannys, Alanya, Alanza, Alawna (English), Alhenah, Alimah, Allena (English), and Alleynah.
Meaning of Almaz
Baby Name Explorer for Almaz
Almaz Popularity Charts
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bold:primary name


text:
I ran across Picard categories in a totally different area of mathematics, but maybe it helps.
In short, a Picard category is a group object in the category of groupoids.
Picard categories come up when you study Picard stacks. Roughly, a Picard stack is a sheaf of Picard categories. The classical example is taking a two-term (perfect??) complex of sheaves, and asssociating to such a complex the Groupoid quotient of the one term by the other. This is important when you want to produce a geomteric object from such a complex. This is an important tool in defining virtual fundamental classes as in _URL_
Before I tell you to many things that are not true, here are the references I know of:
Lecture notes of Martin Olsson at _URL_ Lecture 5. You can even watch that on video: _URL_
The definitive reference is Expos'e XVIII of SGA 4. You used to be able to get that at the Grothendieck circle. Now its still availabe on all the usual Russian sites.
And finally there are very friendly and down to earth lectures of Barbara Fanechi Fantechi at _URL_ I think lecture 3 or lecture 4 is about Picard categories.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


2
$\begingroup$
I have the following function of five parameters of which I would like to construct a 3D density plot using Plot3D
d = 4 (12 g1^2 + 12 g2^2 + 12 g3^2 - Γ^2 + Γ κ1 - κ1^2 + (Γ + κ1) κ2 - κ2^2)^3 + (36 g1^2 (Γ + κ1 - 2 κ2) + (36 g3^2 - (Γ + κ1 - 2 κ2) (2 Γ - κ1 - κ2)) (Γ - 2 κ1 + κ2) + 36 g2^2 (-2 Γ + κ1 + κ2))^2
I then do
solg3 = g3 /.Solve[d == 0, g3] /. {Γ -> 0.01, κ1 -> 1, κ2 -> 20};
And plot
Plot3D[solg3, {g1, 0, 2.5}, {g2, 0, 8}, ImageSize -> Large, PlotRange -> All, RegionFunction -> Function[{g1, g2, solg3}, solg3 >= 0]]
I am returned with
enter image description here
At this point, I am seeing a lot of jagged lines on the contour and I'm not sure why this is happening. Firstly, it can be seen that there are six solutions to solg3 but I only want positive values of g3 hence there are only three contours. However, I'm puzzled by the appearance of those jagged lines on the lower edges of the contour surface. Why is this happening? And why are there gaps? Is it saying that g3 is complex in those regions?
$\endgroup$
 - 1
 $\begingroup$ try the option MaxRecursion with a large value (say MaxRecursion -> 10) and increase PlotPoints (say PlotPoints->200) $\endgroup$ – kglr Jun 13 '19 at 21:09
 - $\begingroup$ If you don't know this, the LeafCount of solg3 is about 2800. peek at the FullForm of your function to see what you are expecting it to precisely plot. Simplify makes it even worse! Is there any way you can simplify that function 50 or 100 fold? PlotPoints->5 makes it less jagged, but I'm expecting that won't be acceptable either. $\endgroup$ – Bill Jun 13 '19 at 21:26
 - $\begingroup$ @kglr The plot is still simplifying past 20 minutes. I do not think that having MaxRecursion of 10 and PlotPoints of 200 is tractable. Any other ideas? $\endgroup$ – kowalski Jun 13 '19 at 21:33
 - $\begingroup$ @Bill That is the best I can do in simplifying d. And PlotPoints of 5 is not enough. Any other suggestions? $\endgroup$ – kowalski Jun 13 '19 at 21:35
3
$\begingroup$
Looks like a job for ContpurPlot3D:
dd = d /. {Γ -> 0.01, κ1 -> 1, κ2 -> 20};
ContourPlot3D[
 dd == 0,
 {g1, 0, 2.5}, {g2, 0, 8}, {g3, 0, 4},
 AxesLabel -> {"g1", "g2", "g3"},
 MaxRecursion -> 5
 ]
enter image description here
The result is still a bit jagged (at other places; try also different values of MaxRecursion), but much less.
$\endgroup$
 - $\begingroup$ Thanks this looks like what I'm looking for! My question is, given that the solution to dd == 0 has 6 solutions, shouldn't I be seeing 6 different contours? Or at least 3 of them since the other 3 is simply the negative of the former. $\endgroup$ – kowalski Jun 14 '19 at 15:13
 - $\begingroup$ ContourPlot3D employs purely numerical techniques (most likely bisection techniques for root finding). This is why it cannot distinguish the algebraic branches of the solition set. ContourPlot3D does apply different colors for different levelsets, though. $\endgroup$ – Henrik Schumacher Jun 14 '19 at 15:18
 - $\begingroup$ The equations might have six solutions in the complex numbers. Notice however, that (i) we limit the search range by {g1, 0, 2.5}, {g2, 0, 8}, {g3, 0, 4} and that (ii) ContourPlot3D ignores all nonreal solutions. $\endgroup$ – Henrik Schumacher Jun 14 '19 at 15:19
 - $\begingroup$ I will have to look up on applying the colors separately for separate contours on the plot. I would, ideally, match the colors that I obtained from Plot3D but I'm skeptical of the plot regions, especially the jagged ones. $\endgroup$ – kowalski Jun 14 '19 at 15:26
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text:
Completed access to information requests
Use the link below to find a searchable list of the access to information requests that the Government of Canada, including the Canada Revenue Agency (CRA), has processed. It is not a complete list. It does not include requests that focus on personal information or third-party proprietary information.
In line with the Official Languages Act, we cannot post the actual records disclosed, since they might not be in both official languages.
We will disclose the records in the form that they were released under the Access to Information Act, including format, language(s), and any exemptions or exclusions that were applied at the time of release.
If you would like to make an informal request for a copy of the records released in response to any of these requests, you can do so online using the tool available on the webpage above or by writing to us at the following address:
Access to Information and Privacy (ATIP) Coordinator
Canada Revenue Agency
555 MacKenzie Avenue, 5th Floor
Ottawa ON K1A 0L5
You can also send your request by fax to _PHONE_.
Include your contact information (full name, mailing address, and telephone number) and the file number(s) requested. If you have questions about this process, call our office at _PHONE_ or at _PHONE_.
For details on ways to access information at the CRA, go to Access to information and privacy at the Canada Revenue Agency.
Status of completed request (definitions of dispositions)
These definitions briefly explain the disposition of completed requests:
- No records exist: The request provided enough information to identify the specific information sought but no relevant records were found.
- All disclosed: All the records relevant to the request were disclosed to the requestor (that is, without any exemptions or exclusions).
- Disclosed in part: Only part of the information requested was disclosed because the rest was exempt or excluded or both.
- All exempted: No information was disclosed because all of the information requested qualified for exemption.
- All excluded: No information was disclosed because all of the information requested qualified for exclusion under section 68, 68.1, 68.2, 69, or 69.1 of the Access to Information Act.
- Date modified:


, the mean temperature difference in the
condenser decreases, and condenser heat transfer rate for the same condensing pressure will
also decrease, as it is shown in figure 2. On this figure, an interesting detail can be seen: at
cooling water temperature nearly designed, condenser heat capacity has its maximum, and
lower temperature will not lead to significant increase of the heat transfer rate.
It means that this particular condenser is designed at its maximum heat transfer rate
and with increased cooling water temperature it cannot achieve required value. In this way,
the question of the valid designed parameters is opened. Increasing of cooling water flow rate
will increase the condenser heat transfer rate for the given cooling water temperature.
Condensing pressure dependence on cooling water temperature is obtained for the
given water flow rate and steam load of the condenser. Steam load is considered constant, in
order to obtain a clear illustration of this dependence, as it is shown in figure 3. It is obvious
that with cooling water increasing, pressure in the condenser will also increase.
Laković, M. S., et.al.: Impact of the Cold End Operating Conditions on Energy Efficiency …
THERMAL SCIENCE: Year 2010, Vol. 14, Suppl., pp. S53-S66
S61
Figure 4 shows the correlation between condenser heat transfer rate and condensing
pressure. In this figure, each curve shows the change of condensing pressure at a constant
cooling water temperature, for different values of cooling water flow rate. This correlation
was used also for model performance verification since the same dependence is given by
manufacturer of this condenser, obtained from plant management [13].
700
Cooling
Coolingwayer
wayer
flowrate
rate
flow
–1
[kgs ]
[kg/s]
Figure 2.
Condenser
heat transfer
rate due to
cooling water
temperature
and flow rate
change
Condenser heat transfer rate [MW]
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pk=0.044 ba r
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Cooling water temperature [oC]
Figure 3. Condensing
pressure change due to
cooling water temperature
change
Condensing pressure [bar] .
0,12
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S62
Laković, M. S., et.al.: Impact of the Cold End Operating Conditions on Energy Efficiency …
THERMAL SCIENCE: Year 2010, Vol. 14, Suppl., pp. S53-S66
Figure 4.
Condenser
characteristic
curves
Steam load of the condenser
With cooling water temperature increasing, in order to maintain designed heat
transfer rate of the condenser, condensing pressure will increase. As this plant is working
under turbine-follow mode, the turbine governor will increase the throttle and exhaust flows
in order to set the generated power at the designed level, but with increasing of heat rate,
which will be discussed in section 4 of this paper. Figure 5 shows the steam load of the
condenser dependence on condensing pressure, at a constant cooling water temperature as for
different values of cooling water flow rate.
Figure 5. Steam
load of the
condenser for
cooling water
temperature
12 ˚C
Laković, M. S., et.al.: Impact of the Cold End Operating Conditions on Energy Efficiency …
THERMAL SCIENCE: Year 2010, Vol. 14, Suppl., pp. S53-S66
S63
Condenser operating conditions influence on the plant performances
As it can be seen in figure 5, with increasing of condensing pressure and flow rate of
the cooling water, steam flow through the condenser, and thus through the low-pressure
turbine is increasing. This will increase net power output. This increasing of the net power
output, however, is correlated to the increasing of the heat rate.
Specific heat rate
Specific heat rate change due to condensing pressure change is shown in figure 6.
Those results are identical to experimental results for similar plant given in literature [14].
With decreasing of the pressure in the condenser, specific heat rate decreases. With pressure
decreasing to bellow the point where the exhaust annulus becomes choked, excessive
condensate sub-cooling will result, tending to reduce the improvement in heat rate resulting
from the lower condensing pressure. Condensate sub-cooling is defined as the saturation
temperature corresponding to the pressure in the condenser minus the condensate temperature
in the hot well [2]. This is evident in figure 6 especially for 337 MW curve. Condensate subcooling is undesirable since more heat has been removed from the cycle without generating
any additional power, but still has to be replaced by adding fuel.
Change of specific heat rate [%]
.
14
12
10
8
Generated power
[MW]
6
4
2
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200
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Condensing pressure [bar]
Figure 6. Specific heat rate change due to condensing pressure and generated power change
Having the condensing pressure change due to the cooling water temperature change
(figure 3) and dependence given in figure 6, the change of the specific heat rate dependence
on the cooling water temperature is obtained, and it is shown in figure 7. In order to present
this dependence more clearly, it was chosen to keep the plant power production constant.
Power consumption of the cooling water pumps was not considered.
Laković, M. S., et.al.: Impact of the Cold End Operating Conditions on Energy Efficiency …
THERMAL SCIENCE: Year 2010, Vol. 14, Suppl., pp. S53-S66
Change of specific heat rate [%] .
S64
25
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10
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o
Cooling water temperature [ C]
Figure 7. Specific heat rate due to cooling water temperature change
Energy efficiency
Using the known assumption, from the literature [14], that with increasing pressure
in the condenser of 1 kPa, efficiency decreases to 1.0-1.5% and considering that in this
particular case the reduction is 1.2%, dependence of the energy efficiency (generated power
divided by an amount of energy consumed) in the function of the cooling water temperature
rise is obtained and is shown in figure 8.
37
Energy efficiency [%].
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29
o
Cooling water temperature [ C]
Figure 8. Energy efficiency of the plant due to cooling water temperature change
Laković, M. S., et.al.: Impact of the Cold End Operating Conditions on Energy Efficiency …
THERMAL SCIENCE: Year 2010, Vol. 14, Suppl., pp. S53-S66
S65
Cooling water temperature rise causes the reduction of energy efficiency and power
of steam power plants (in Germany the production of electricity in summer months due to the
increase of cooling water temperature is decreased by 18%). The problem is more severely set
for plants with closed-cycle cooling system in comparison to the plant with an open cycle
cooling system. Dry bulb temperature, the wet bulb temperature, the atmospheric pressure,
flow rate of the circulating water , the characteristic of cooling tower fill, the resistance
coefficient of the parts in a tower, and the working condition of a water distribution system
and so on, can affect the outlet water temperature of the cooling tower [15]. It means that
cooling water temperature is changing in a much wider range in one day in comparison to
once-through cooling system.
Conclusions
Steam power plant strongly depends on its cold end operating conditions, where the
condenser is the key of the heat exchange system. On the other hand, operating conditions of
the cooling water system determine condenser operating conditions. The pressure in the
surface steam condenser will depend on condenser design, the amount of latent heat to be
removed, cooling water temperature and flow rate, maintenance of the condenser and air
removal system. At any given time the combined status of these operating conditions will
determine the relationship between heat rate and power output.
In this paper, influence of cooling water temperature and flow rate is considered for
power plant "Kostolac B" with once-through cooling system. The thermodynamic model of
the plant is described, together with the mathematical model. Numerical integration was done
by using the Microsoft Excel programming platform and Visual Basics for Applications,
including the water/steam thermodynamic properties simulator based on IAPWS–IF97. As the
result of calculation, set of different dependencies is obtained and described herein: the
condenser heat transfer rate and pressure in the condenser are given for variable cooling water
temperature and flow rate, the specific heat rate change due to the change of condensing
pressure, and the specific heat rate change due to the cooling water temperature change.
Finally, the energy efficiency for the reference plant is given as the function of the change in
condensing pressure.
Having those dependences, it is clearly that the increasing in cooling water
temperature, inevitable in the summer, will lead to the decrease of energy efficiency of the
power plant for the given power production. The increasing of cooling water flow rate to
maintain the same heat transfer rate at higher vacuum in the condenser, and thus, to increase
energy efficiency of the plant, is a good


Mastering Service-Oriented Architecture: The BPEL Cookbook
Managing a BPEL Production Environment
by Stany Blanvalet
Learn how to automate common admin tasks in a BPEL production environment using BPEL Process Manager's API and Dehydration Store.
 Review complete BPEL Cookbook index
Downloads for this article:
 Oracle BPEL Process Manager
Published January 2006
Some organizations spend as much as 70% of their IT budget to maintain and administer current IT functionality and operations. But paradoxically, managing the performance and availability of Web services is not a high priority for most companies implementing service-oriented architecture (SOA) . Thus, as organizations adopt Web services and BPEL to build SOA infrastructure, it is becoming more and more imperative to design new strategies to decrease the costs of application management and administration.
This goal is particularly important for BPEL implementations, in which multiple business processes are often deployed to the production environment. As more and more processes are deployed in the production environment, efficient administration becomes increasingly important. Every BPEL process that has completed its execution, successfully or not, is stored in the database, as is every XML message that is exchanged between different steps in the process flow. As you might expect, this process causes the database to grow in size exponentially, thereby leading to performance bottlenecks.
For these reasons, in your BPEL production environment, it's important that you have the ability to
 - Archive information about completed BPEL processes without affecting the stability of the production system
 - Remove all XML messages that have been successfully delivered and resolved from the database
 - Delete stale instances
 - Rerun failed processes
In this installment of The BPEL Cookbook, you will learn how BPEL Process Manager's APIs and Dehydration Store enable these capabilities, as well as strategies for archiving and deleting information about completed instances of a BPEL process. You will also learn how to delete stale instances and complete invoke and callback XML messages using PL/SQL and EJB. Finally, you will learn how to rerun failed process instances via the BPELTest utility.
BPEL Process Manager API and Dehydration Store
Oracle BPEL Process Manager Console provides a user-friendly, Web-based interface for management, administration, and debugging of processes deployed to the BPEL server. However, in production environments, administrators need strong control over management tasks. Via a PL/SQL query or BPEL API against the BPEL Dehydration Store database, it is possible to automate most of these administrative tasks. But before creating action items, it's important to understand the concepts underlying the Dehydration Store and BPEL Process Manager API.
The Dehydration Store database is used to store process status data, especially for asynchronous BPEL processes. Here's a quick overview of some its more important tables.
Table
Contents
CUBE_INSTANCE
Instance metadata information (creation date, current state, process id)
CUBE_SCOPE
Scope data for an instance
AUDIT_TRAIL
Audit trail information for an instance. This information can be viewed from BPEL Console.
AUDIT_DETAILS
Large detailed audit information about a process instance
DLV_MESSAGE
Callback message metadata
DLV_MESSAGE_BIN
Payload of callback messages
INVOKE_MESSAGE
Invocation messages metadata
INVOKE_MESSAGE_BIN
Payload of invocation messages
DLV_SUBSCRIPTION
Delivery subscriptions for an instance
TASK
Tasks created for an instance (i.e. title, assignee, status, expiration)
Table 1: Key tables in BPEL Dehydration Store
The database schema can be found in the DDL script domain_oracle.dll in $ORABPEL$\integration\orabpel\system\database\scripts directory. With proper knowledge of this schema, administrators can bypass the BPEL Console and write SQL queries against the store directly.
In addition to the SQL approach, administrators can leverage the BPEL Process Manager API. This API provides an exhaustive set of classes to find, archive, delete instances in various states, delete callback/invoke messages across different domains, or query on the status of specific domain, process, or instance. (API documentation is available at $ORABPEL$\integration\orabpel\docs\apidocs\index.html.) The table below summarizes some of the most relevant classes/interfaces and corresponding methods here.
Class/Interface
Methods
Class WhereConditionHelper
Provides methods such as whereInstancesClosed(), whereInstancesStale(), and whereInstancesOpen(), which construct a where clause that search for respective instances.
Interface IBPELDomainHandle
Allows the developer to perform operations on a running BPEL process domain. Provides methods such as archiveAllInstances(), deleteAllInstances(), d eleteInstancesByProcessId(), deployProcess(), and undeployPorcess(), deleteAllHandledCallback(), and deleteAllHandledInvoke().
Interface IinstanceHandle
Allows the user to perform operations on an active instance. Provides methods such as isStale() , getState() , getModifyDate() , and delete() .
Class Locator
Allows the user to search for processes, instances, and activities that have been deployed and instantiated within an Orabpel process domain. Provides methods such as listInstances() and listActivities() and can take where clauses as parameters.
Table 2: Key classes for performing administrative tasks
Next, you'll learn how to perform some of the most important administrative tasks.
Archiving Completed Instances
As explained previously, all successfully executed process instances are stored in the Dehydration Store. Currently a BPEL instance is saved in two tables after the instance is completed: cube_instance and cube_scope. The former stores the instance header information: domain, creation date, state (completed, running, stale, cancelled), priority, title, and so on. The latter stores the state of the instance, (variable values and so on). By default, both tables are used to store a completed instance.
Purging the instance information from the database can be accomplished from the BPEL Console as shown below.
Figure 1: Deleting completed instances
In a production environment, it will be necessary to archive the information before you delete the information—and to do so for hundreds of instances. Fortunately, you can achieve this goal using PL/SQL or EJB. (Remember to move the information to a different location before purging it from the BPEL database.) Let's look at some examples.
Archiving with EJB. For this example we will use the following interface and method.
com.oracle.bpel.client
Interface IBPELDomainHandle
METHOD SUMMARY
int
archiveInstances(WhereCondition wc, boolean deleteInstances)
(Archives all instances returned by the search condition specified by wc )
Method archiveInstances will archive and delete all completed instances. It accepts the parameter keepdays, which indicates how old a completed instance can be before it is archived.

public static int archiveInstances(Locator locator, String processId, int keepdays)
 throws ORABPELAccessException {
 try {
 WhereCondition wc = WhereConditionHelper.whereInstancesClosed();
 WhereCondition tmpWhere = new WhereCondition();
 NonSyncStringBuffer buf = new NonSyncStringBuffer();
 if (!"*".equals(processId)) {
 buf.setLength(0);
 tmpWhere.setClause(buf.append(" AND ").append(
 SQLDefs.AL_ci_process_id).append(" = ? ").toString());
 tmpWhere.setString(1, processId);
 wc.append(tmpWhere);
 }
 Calendar cal = Calendar.getInstance();
 cal.add(Calendar.DATE, -keepdays);
 buf.setLength(0);
 tmpWhere.setClause(buf.append(" AND ").append(
 SQLDefs.AL_ci_modify_date).append(" <= ? ").toString());
 tmpWhere.setTimestamp(1, cal.getTime());
 wc.append(tmpWhere);
 IBPELDomainHandle domain = locator.lookupDomain();
 return domain.archiveInstances(wc, true);
 } catch (ServerException se) {
 throw new ORABPELAccessException(se.getMessage());
 }
 }

Archiving with PL/SQL. Administrators can also leverage PL/SQL to accomplish this goal. Before deleting the records from the database, the DBA can move the record to a different database/table per their requirements. Here's an example:

Query: SELECT CIKEY FROM CUBE_INSTANCE, DOMAIN
 WHERE BPELMNG.CUBE_INSTANCE.DOMAIN_REF = BPELMNG.DOMAIN.DOMAIN_REF
 AND BPELMNG.DOMAIN.DOMAIN_ID = 'XXX' � XXX is the name of the domain
 AND STATE = 5 � '5'


text:
The Collaborative International Dictionary
Mace \Mace\, prop. n. [Trademark.] A chemical preparation containing tear gas in a solvent, packaged in the form of a spray, and used to temporarily incapacitate people, such as rioters or criminals, by causing intense eye and skin irritation; also called chemical mace. It is designed to be a non-lethal weapon for defending against violent people.
Usage examples of "chemical mace".
In drawers under the doors, Lanny kept boxes of ammunition, four-inch aerosol cans of chemical Mace, and a spare police utility belt.
Actual police uniforms, super-riot helmets, persuaders chemical mace, a knuckle sap, which is a glove with powdered lead, billy clubs, secret holsters, a three-in-one mob stick that spits Mace, emits an electric shock and allows you to club to death a charging rhinoceros.
The smell of chemical Mace was thick enough in the car that all of the windows were down a few inches to keep it from overpowering the KGB officers.
I had nothing but a small canister of chemical Mace in my medical bag.
Standing over him, grinning and holding an aerosol can of chemical Mace, was the dwarf.
Dane had had one serious attack before, brought on not by radon or sniffing glue but by exposure to chemical Mace some boys at his junior high school had been playing with.


text:
University of Alabama in Huntsville
The University of Alabama in Huntsville (UAH) is a state supported public university founded in 1969. UAH is an accredited university with five colleges: engineering, nursing, science, business and liberal arts. UAH confers Bachelor, Master's and Doctoral degrees. UAH is best known for its work in astrophysics and atmospheric science. UAH managed the first commercial non-government rocket program. The first high-temperature superconductor was discovered and built at UAH. UAH has a Space Grant and it conducted experiments on the Soviet Space Station, Mir. The National Space Science and Technology Center is on the campus of UAH. UAH has nearly 4200 undergraduate, graduate and post-doctoral students at the present time.
- 301 Sparkman Drive Huntsville, AL 35899
Some content from Wikipedia,
licensed under CC BY-SA


text:
Indian Journal of Science and Technology
Year: 2011, Volume: 4, Issue: 4, Pages: 436-439
G. Venkata Subbaiah1* and K. Vijay Kumar Reddy2
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering SV Govt. Polytechnic, Tirupati–517507, India
2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, JNTU College of Engineering, Kukatpally, Hyderabad-535 003, India
[email protected], [email protected]
As microelectronics technology steadily packing more chip power into small packages, where balance is an important element of success in this electronic enclosure packaging. The design challenges include thermal management, vibration reduction and balancing reliability and maintainability. The present work, the objective is to design Ethernet switch cabinet/enclosure and the faceplate on which the Ethernet switch enclosure is mounted. Design considerations are made according to equipment requirement and IEEE and IEC standards. Sheet metal module in PRO-E is used to create 3D CAD models. The improvements are made on the basis of the results, using finite element analysis (FEA).
Keywords: Microelectronics technology, electronic enclosure packaging, Ethernet switch.
Subscribe now for latest articles and news.


text:
) site as having only 0.14% horse bones out of a total of over 15,000 bone fragments found. Even in later finds in India cattle and other mammal bones account for over 60% of bone findings while horse bones are found in smaller proportions. In some Iron Age sites in India, horse related metal artefacts like bits have been found, but no horse bones. Horses were not absent in India, but they just do not represent a significant part of the archaeological record.
Close to the borders of modern India, in Afghanistan, the Bactria-Margiana Archaeological Complex (BMAC) is situated along the route that it is alleged that horses and language were brought to India from Eurasia. No horse bones have yet been found in the BMAC. This is no more surprising than the relatively sparse horse bone findings in India from 2500 BC to 300 AD. There are some soil and climate conditions that allow some remains to survive for extended periods while others nearby may disappear. At the site of the historic battle of Little Bighorn of 1876 in the USA, more than 200 men were killed. They were all buried on site. Modern excavations have revealed only 46 partial human skeletons. Most of the remains have disappeared after less than 150 years. While the presence of horse bones in a grave is proof that a horse or horse parts were buried there, the absence of horse bones means nothing. It does not mean that horses did not exist.
Another curious fact is that Harappan skeletal remains have revealed camel bones at many sites, but those camel bones are of the one-humped Arabian camel and not the two humped Bactrian camel from nearby Afghanistan, the direction from which horses are said to have been brought. This is one more indicator that Harappan society before 2000 BC had links with Arabia. In fact much of the copper used in tools was imported from Oman. It seems likely that there was a coastal trade with Arabia as attested by the finding of Harappan artefacts in Mesopotamia. Horse remains, apparently with evidence of domestication, have been found in Saudi Arabia from 9000 years ago and it is likely that horses and camels may have been imported to India before 2000 BC in coastal trade from Arabia. One hymn in the Rig Veda mentions a horse sacrifice that was part of the "Ashvamedha yagna" ritual conducted by some kings in their lifetime. The number of ribs mentioned in the hymn is thirty four. Arabian horses tend to have thirty-four ribs as opposed to the thirty-six ribs in horses from Europe and Central Asia. Arabia apart, Tibet, with its own breeds was the closest source of horses for north India.
Historian Romila Thapar writes:
"The second millennium also saw activity along the Indo-Iranian borderlands, including the arrival in north-western India of the horse and the chariot with a (sic) spoked wheel, both of which were new to the subcontinent."
The chariot is cited as a technological advance that led to the spread of people from the steppes. It is claimed that the domestication of horses in the steppes somehow did not lead to the people migrating out. They waited 1500 years until someone had invented a chariot with spoked wheels. The spokes were apparently very important because they made chariot wheels light and maneuverable. At this stage, it is claimed, the steppe people went on to conquer the world. The story of horse and chariot as a world beating combination is fascinating, but reality is more modest. Chariots are no good for war in mountainous terrain or in forested regions. The route to India from Eurasia passes through the Hindu Kush mountains and the treacherous 5000 meter high snow-bound passes are difficult to cross for modern motor vehicles, let alone chariots in 1500 BC. Alexander the great, whose military acumen and generalship are not in doubt, significantly did not choose to bring chariots across the Hindu Kush as his campaign reached the banks of the Indus in 300 BC. Even so, the crossing of mountain passes took such a heavy toll on his men and animals that his campaign to conquer India ended on the banks of the Indus. The idea that Bronze Age chariot riders from the steppes came to India on chariots across the mountain passes are suggestive of a mind that is more familiar with Hollywood than military strategy. Chariot making is more about technology rather than direct imports. A traveler in a faraway land who sees a chariot with spoked wheels would be able to replicate its design, given some skill in carpentry, without actually riding the chariot back home.
Of course there is now physical evidence of chariots in India before 2000 BCE making these tales about Aryan chariots redundant, but one must ask why it has been necessary to deny and stonewall the evidence of horses and chariots in India. The only reason why historians, linguists, anthropologists and archaeologists might want stick to the untenable story of hordes migrating to India with horses from Eurasia despite the weight of evidence to the contrary is because the story fits in with the linguistic imaginings of how language must have spread. Archaeological data that fits in with this story is selectively cherry picked while discarding all facts that fail to fit the theory.
In science, theories are made to explain available facts, but it appears that science has been dispensed with when it comes to theories about how Indo-European languages spread. Non-linguistic evidence points towards the inevitable conclusion that currently touted theories about how Indo-European languages spread, based on linguistic reconstructions, are wrong. Vedic references and post-Veda texts both have references to hydrological and astronomical events that occurred over a span of 10,000 years in India suggesting that Sanskrit was part of the Indian linguistic landscape thousands of years before Eurasian charioteers. History books need to be wiped clean of fake horse and language migration theories that surely rank among the top hoaxes ever played by scholars on any unsuspecting population. Linguists and historians who denied and stonewalled all evidence in favour of their pet theories must be called to account. And their predictable polemic and gaslighting of all critics by accusing them of representing right-wing Hindus needs to be recognized as the defining feature of the lack of evidence for absurd theories that were passed off as historic facts.
An incurable patriot, Dr. Shivsankar Sastry is a surgeon by profession; and a historian, thinker, sociologist and military aviation enthusiast by choice


text:
This sentence would like you to read the list of self-referential sentences which you can find here. This sentence would like to acknowledge that it was stolen from the aforementioned list of sentences, except it wasn't, so it can't. This one wasn't either. Exactly one of the final two sentences in this paragraph were stolen from that article. Thit sentence is not self-referential, because 'thit' is not a word.
If this sentence is false, then so is the Riemann Hypothesis. This sentence really likes that last one. The next sentence is false. The previous sentence is true. This is the sentence which asks "Were either of those previous two sentences self-referential?". This is the sentence after the previous one. I thought about writing this sentence, but then decided not to. Is this sentence self-referential? Is this one? This?...?
This sentence is about the story "This is the title of this story, which is also found several times in the story itself", by David Moser. This one isn't about the David Moser story mentioned in the previous sentence. This sentence contains a hidden review of the aforementioned story. That last sentence didn't do what it said, but this one does, it's funny.
All self-referential sentences are just silly, including this one.


text:
We study the effects of structural inhomogeneity on the quasi-static growth of strike-slip faults. A layered medium is considered, made up of an upper layer bounded by a free surface and welded to a lower half-space with different elastic property. Mode III crack is employed as a mathematical model of strike-slip fault, which is nucleated in the lower half-space and then propagates towards the interface. We adopt FEM-β, newly proposed analysis method for failure, to simulate the quasi-statistic crack growth governed by the stress distribution in layered media. Our results show that along planar traces across interfaces a compliant upper layer has significant effects on promoting/ suppressing crack growth before/after its extension into the layer and vice versa for a rigid one. This proposes a possibility that surface breaks due to strike-slip faulting could be arrested by deposit layers at the topmost part of the Earth's crust.
- Dynamics and mechanics of faulting
- Earthquake dynamics
- Fracture and faults
- Mechanics, theory and modelling
- Numerical solutions
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Geochemistry and Petrology


text:
What is a Thermal Lance?
A Thermic Lance is a steel pipe packed with mixed metal wires.
Pure oxygen gas is passed through the pipe from an oxygen cylinder and regulator. The end of the pipe is lit with a high temperature source, e.g. an oxy-acetylene torch. The iron in the steel burns in the oxygen coming down the pipe to produce enormous heat and a liquid slag of iron oxides and other materials, which dribbles and splashes out, just like an enormous firework sparkler.
The temperature reached in the centre of the combustion zone is approx. 4000 degrees Celsius, greater than the melting point of any substance on earth. By the way of comparison, concrete melts at 1800 - 2500 degrees Celsius and steel at less than 1500 degrees Celsius. Also, because it runs on oxygen, the lance can cut underwater.
Next : What is an Oxygen Lance?


Abstract selection
Individual selection
The Chair can view a list of the submissions and their reviews. The submitters' preferred type of presentation and topic are also displayed. The information provided can help assign each abstract to a topic or type of presentation. A status can also be assigned to the abstract (e.g. "Accepted", "Declined", "Request corrections"). A detailed filter is supplied, allowing the Chair to select the abstracts to work on. Export functions are also provided, to allow working outside of the system.
Bulk selection
The Chair can use the filter to select a list of abstracts that will be assigned the same topic, presentation type or selection status. This function is useful if the selection process is carried out offline. Inputting of the results into the system can then be performed quickly and easily.
Automatic selection
If numerical ratings are used in the review process, the Chair can use the given values to select the abstracts for acceptance, by specifying a cut off value above which abstracts will be accepted.
Last updated: 10 May 2021


text:
Criminal Defense Lawyer for Students at Weber University
Having a record of a criminal conviction can have a long-lasting impact in your financial future. But for students attending Weber University, the implications of a criminal record can be far-reaching, especially in their jobs and career prospects. They can lose their job and face the possibility of jail and steep fines. Your son's or daughter's current employment can be at risk if he or she is convicted of a crime. Swift action may be necessary. With the right legal representation, your son or daughter can protect everything he or she has worked hard to achieve over the years.
Students of Weber University who are facing criminal charges should seek aggressive and high-quality student criminal defense legal representation. The accomplished criminal defense team of the Overson Law Firm will be committed to the long-term success of your son or daughter. Attorney Darwin Overson has decades of experience in criminal defense against felony and misdemeanor charges and high stakes crime. Call _PHONE_ to schedule a free consultation today.
Common Crimes Weber University Students Commit
Some offenses are more common amongst college students and young adults, such as sexual assault, drunk driving, marijuana possession, and hazing-related charges. Cyberbullying and cyberstalking charges have recently increased in college campuses in Utah. Other prevalent crimes among students include:
- Drug possession, distribution, and trafficking charges
- LSD (acid)
- Marijuana (recreational cannabis, pot, weed)
- Prescription painkillers (OxyContin, Percocet, Vicodin, Xanax)
- Prescriptions for Attention Deficit Disorders (Ritalin, Adderall)
- Psilocybin mushrooms (magic mushrooms)
- DUI/DWI charges (driving under the influence/driving while intoxicated)
- DUI with drugs
- Open container violations
- Repeat DUI
- Sex crimes
- Indecent exposure (flashing)
- Rape and sexual assault
- "Revenge porn" offenses
- Theft and property crimes
- Criminal mischief (vandalism)/defacement
- Identity theft
- Violent crimes and weapons possession
- Simple assault
- Aggravated assault
- Gun possession
- Other common campus crimes
- Disorderly conduct
- Hate crimes
- Public intoxication
- Resisting arrest
- Underage drinking/fake ID of Utah
Classification of Criminal Charges in Utah
Crimes are classified into three categories: felonies, misdemeanors, and infractions. There are varying degrees of crimes within these categories. For example:
- Felonies are major crimes. The penalty includes imprisonment or a fine. The different degrees include:
- A Capital felony that carries life in prison without parole or death
- First Degree with a possible term of life in prison and a fine of up to $10,000
- Second Degree with a potential five years to life in prison and a maximum fine of $10,000
- Third Degree can lead to zero to five years in prison and a maximum fine of $5,000
- Misdemeanors are offenses punished with a combination of jail time and fines.
- Class A carries a possible sentence of a maximum one year in jail and fine of $2,500
- Class B carries a potential penalty of six months in prison and fine of $1,000 and compensatory service
- Class C carries a possible sentence of a maximum 90 year in jail and fine of $2,500 and compensatory service.
In Class B & C misdemeanor and infraction cases, service or unpaid work can be completed in lieu of paying a criminal fine. Each hour of compensatory service is worth $10.00. Compensatory Service can be performed for:
- a state or local government agency;
- a nonprofit organization; or
- any other entity or organization if prior approval is obtained from the court.
Reducing the Punishment of a Student Crime in Utah
Skilled Utah criminal defense representation requires an understanding of Utah's Sentence and Release Guidelines. While an experienced criminal defense lawyer will be able to prepare his client for all possible outcomes, there are ways for the case to be closed or dismissed. In addition, there are ways expunge the criminal charges down the road.
A dedicated criminal defense attorney should be proactive in seeking all viable alternatives to obtain the best possible result. Also, there are alternatives to imprisonment available in Utah, including:
Community corrections programs allow convicts to complete their jail sentence in a correction center instead of jail.
Alternatives to Incarceration
A skilled criminal defense attorney should seek alternatives to imprisonment when medical treatments, community services, probation, and rehabilitation is appropriate. Attorney Darwin Overson is known for his efforts to work with professionals and seek probation and less harsh sentences when possible.
Erasing a Student Criminal Record in Utah
Sealing and expungement of records are ways to remove criminal charges from official records. Sometimes people who have criminal records can be denied student loans or jobs. Erasing criminal records can be extraordinarily helpful for students concerned about present and future opportunities for gainful employment and career advancement.
Expungement is available after the jail, or probation penalties are satisfied. If approved, expunged criminal records are treated as if they don't exist. The overriding view is that past wrongs shouldn't have a lasting impact. The record will be accessible only to certain public agencies. Effective legal representation can make a difference because expungements are discretionary– the judge can decide whether expungement is suitable, even when the crime is eligible for expungement. Also, there is a "waiting period" to qualify for expungement. The waiting period is a time to show rehabilitation. In Utah, you don't have to pay for all fines and penalties in order to qualify for the waiting period. An experienced criminal defense attorney can help you navigate successfully through the process of expunging a criminal record.
Criminal Defense Lawyer for Weber University Student Crimes Offering Free Consultations
The team of lawyers working at the Overson Law Firm is committed to protecting the constitutional rights of Weber University's students facing criminal charges. Drew Overson and his dedicated team will fight for reduced penalties, alternatives to incarceration, reduced crime grade, or even a complete dismissal of the charges. Call _PHONE_ to schedule a free and confidential consultation.


text:
Handheld metal detectors can pick up signals from the magnetic ink on U.S. cash, a new study found.
Think those TSA agents waving a metal-detecting wand at your pockets only know how many coins you're carrying? Think again.
Metal detectors can tell how much cash is on you, too, according to a new study by researchers at the University of Washington's Applied Physics Laboratory in Seattle, the Daily Mail reported.
The handheld metal detectors get signals from the magnetic ink dollar bills are printed with, and the strength of the magnetic signals increases when bills are stacked together.
In other words, don't try smuggling big stacks of cash through airport security.
The discovery by Antao Chen and Chris Fuller, which they're presenting at is still in its nascent stages, though, and the pair says there's still no way for the metal detectors to count the exact amount of cash they find. They can only count the number of bills they find.
That's because a dollar bill carries the same amount of responsive magnetic ink as a $100 bill — meaning somebody carrying $10 in ones would trigger the metal detector just as much as somebody carrying $1,000 in hundreds.
Other sources can interfere with the signal, too, particularly ones that also have magnetic ink, New Scientist noted. Adding other equipment to the simple detectors could cut down on that interference, one scientist at the University of Cambridge in the United Kingdom said.


Inverse Method
IMoniker::Inverse method
Creates a moniker that is the inverse of this moniker. When composed to the right of this moniker or one of similar structure, the moniker will compose to nothing.
Syntax
HRESULT Inverse(
 [out] IMoniker **ppmk
);
Parameters
ppmk [out]
The address of an IMoniker pointer variable that receives the interface pointer to a moniker that is the inverse of this moniker. When successful, the implementation must call AddRef on the new inverse moniker. It is the caller's responsibility to call Release. If an error occurs, the implementation should set *ppmk to NULL.
Return value
This method can return the standard return values E_OUTOFMEMORY, as well as the following values.
Return codeDescription
S_OK
The inverse moniker has been returned successfully.
MK_E_NOINVERSE
The moniker class does not have an inverse.

Remarks
The inverse of a moniker is analogous to the ".." directory in MS-DOS file systems; the ".." directory acts as the inverse to any other directory name, because appending ".." to a directory name results in an empty path. In the same way, the inverse of a moniker typically is also the inverse of all monikers in the same class. However, it is not necessarily the inverse of a moniker of a different class.
The inverse of a composite moniker is a composite consisting of the inverses of the components of the original moniker, arranged in reverse order. For example, if the inverse of A is Inv( A ) and the composite of A, B, and C is Comp( A, B, C ), then Inv( Comp( A, B, C ) ) is equal to Comp( Inv( C ), Inv( B ), Inv( A ) ).
Not all monikers have inverses. Most monikers that are themselves inverses, such as anti-monikers, do not have inverses. Monikers that have no inverse cannot have relative monikers formed from inside the objects they identify to other objects outside.
Notes to Callers
An object that is using a moniker to locate another object usually does not know the class of the moniker it is using. To get the inverse of a moniker, you should always call IMoniker::Inverse rather than the CreateAntiMoniker function, because you cannot be certain that the moniker you're using considers an anti-moniker to be its inverse.
The Inverse method is also called by the implementation of the IMoniker::RelativePathTo method, to assist in constructing a relative moniker.
Notes to Implementers
If your monikers have no internal structure, you can call the CreateAntiMoniker function in to get an anti-moniker in your implementation of IMoniker::Inverse. In your implementation of IMoniker::ComposeWith, you need to check for the inverse you supply in the implementation of Inverse.
Implementation-specific Notes
ImplementationNotes
Anti-monikerThis method returns MK_E_NOINVERSE and sets *ppmk to NULL.
Class monikerThis method returns an anti-moniker (that is, the results of calling CreateAntiMoniker).
File monikerThis method returns an anti-moniker (that is, the results of calling CreateAntiMoniker).
Generic composite monikerThis method returns a composite moniker that consists of the inverses of each of the components of the original composite, stored in reverse order. For example, if the inverse of A is Inv( A ), the inverse of the composite of A, B, and C is Comp(Inv( C ), Inv( B ), Inv( A ) ).
Item monikerThis method returns an anti-moniker (that is, the results of calling CreateAntiMoniker).
OBJREF monikerThis method returns an anti-moniker (that is, the results of calling CreateAntiMoniker).
Pointer monikerThis method returns an anti-moniker (that is, the results of calling CreateAntiMoniker).
URL monikerThis method returns MK_E_NOINVERSE and sets *ppmk to NULL.

Requirements
Minimum supported client
Windows 2000 Professional [desktop apps only]
Minimum supported server
Windows 2000 Server [desktop apps only]
Header
ObjIdl.h
IDL
ObjIdl.idl
IID
IID_IMoniker is defined as 0000000f-0000-0000-C000-000000000046
See also
CreateAntiMoniker
IMoniker

Community Additions
ADD
Show:
© 2016 Microsoft


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A new Law on Territorial Planning came into force on 1 September 2010.
5.3.5 Architecture and spatial planning
After three years of consultations with EU experts, the Ministry of Public Works and Transportation submitted a draft Law on Territorial Planning that was passed by the Parliament on 23 April 2009 (Law no. 10119). The new Law came into force in full only on 1 September 1 2010, with the abolishment of Law no. 8405 of 1998 on Urban Planning. The newly formed National Territorial Planning Agency (NTPA) is now in charge of drafting policies and rules for better administration of the territory and the renamed National Territory Council (NTC) will be the decision-making body responsible for enacting the national planning instruments, in line with the stipulations contained in this Law.
It is not clear yet whether the full implementation of the new Law will improve the planning situation. Territory Councils, whether the National one chaired by the Prime Minister, or the local ones chaired by respective city mayors, have been regarded by the general public as highly politicised and corrupt institutions. In 20 years of political transition following the collapse of communism in 1990, construction has constantly been the fastest growing industry and the most lucrative business in Albania. The lack of urban and spatial planning has contributed to what is considered now an "urban massacre" especially in Tirana, the Adriatic and Ionian coastline, as well as other major cities. Many experts say the damage is irreversible, due to extremely high costs of any restoration attempts.


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The next time you're unfortunate enough to make your way to a hospital, emergency room, or urgent care clinic, you'll be asked to attach a small pulse monitor to your finger. The device the nurses clip on to one of your remaining digits is called a photoplethysmographic sensor, and basically it is able to read your pulse through reflected light. In the search to find out how these devices actually work, [Raj] sent in a great tutorial covering the theory behind photoplethysmographicy, and also built a simple device to detect a pulse without using a microcontroller.
These photoplethysmographic sensors operate by shining light into someone's flesh – usually a finger or ear lobe – and recording the light reflected back to the source. The volume of blood in the finger will have an effect on the amount of light reflected back, and makes for a perfect way to automatically measure someone's heart rate.
To build his device, [Raj] used a TCRT1000 reflective optical sensor. Inside this sensor is an infrared LED and a phototransistor. Of course with a finger over the sensor there is a ton of noise both from ambient light and the base rate of reflected light from a piece of flesh. [Raj] filtered this out, leaving only the small variations in the amount of reflected light, thus creating a very simple – and very inexpensive – electronic pulse meter.


text:
IN THIS ARTICLE
Outlines how to configure custom DNS servers and search domains in Qumulo Core
- Cluster running Qumulo Core 2.13.0 or later
- Cloud cluster running Qumulo Core 4.2.3 or later (for Web UI configuration)
NOTE: DNS entries will be automatically created from the node used to add the cluster to Active Directory and can be removed without issue during configuration.
In Qumulo Core 2.13.0 and above, you can configure custom DNS server and search domains even when your cluster is not using a static IP configuration. Once these settings are configured, the set value will replace the one originally configured by DHCP on your cluster.
NOTE FOR GCP CLUSTERS: If you wish to use a custom DNS configuration with a cluster deployed in GCP, we recommend using the Google Internal DNS server (169.254.169.254) to forward requests to your own custom DNS for all GCE instances. If your custom DNS is required to be the DNS server for your GCE instances, ensure forwarding is configured to Google's internal DNS for compatibility with many cloud features. For more information, check out the Best Practices for DNS Forwarding Zones and Internal DNS details in the GCP documentation.
Follow the steps below to configure, verify, or clear custom DNS servers and search domains.
Manage DNS Configuration via the Web UI
NOTE: Custom DNS configuration via the Web UI is only available for cloud clusters (such as those in AWS, GCP, or Azure).
As of Qumulo Core 4.2.3, cloud deployments can manage DNS settings using the Web UI. Follow the steps below:
- Log into the Web UI for your cluster.
- Hover over the Cluster menu and select Network Configuration.
- Click to access the DNS configuration.
- Enter the IP addresses for the DNS servers you wish to use. If you are adding multiple servers, separate the IPs with commas.
- Enter any custom search domains you wish to configure in the Search Domains field.
- Click Save.
Manage DNS Configuration via the QQ CLI
To setup a custom DNS configuration on your network using the QQ CLI, specify the interface, network IDs, and desired DNS information using the following command:
qq network_mod_network --interface-id ID --network-id ID --dns-servers IP1 IP2 --dns-search-domains "DOMAIN1" "DOMAIN2"
NOTE: As shown above, multiple entries can be separated by spaces.
Use the following command to verify your custom DNS configuration:
qq network_get_network --network-id ID
See the following example output:
test:~$ qq network_get_network --network-id 1
Use the following command to clear your custom DNS configuration:
qq network_mod_network --interface-id ID --network-id ID --clear-dns-servers --clear-dns-search-domains
Once you clear the custom configuration using the command above, the settings will revert to those assigned by DHCP on your cluster.
You should now be able to successfully configure custom DNS server and search domains with Qumulo Core
Like what you see? Share this article with your network!


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Uploaded: December 21, 2011
Artist: Dragoman12
Difficulty: Intermediate Intermediate Skill Level
Steps: 6
Updated: December 22, 2011
P.O.V: Front
Favourited: 8 times
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how to draw a chinese sky dragon
How to Draw a Chinese Sky Dragon
how to draw a chinese sky dragon step 1
So first draw a circle which will be the head. Then make a big "S" shape which will soon be the body. Afterwards, draw 4 smaller circles, 2 close to the head and 2 close to the rear of the body. These will be the shoulders of the dragon. Finally draw lines from the shoulder circles that outline the position of the legs.
how to draw a chinese sky dragon step 2
Now, draw the basic shape of the head and the eye. Draw the body around the big "S" shape you did in step 1. Then draw the shape of the legs around the lines coming off the shoulder circles that you also drew in step 1. Then finally draw rectangles for the fingers.
how to draw a chinese sky dragon step 3
Now, draw the shape of the nose and don't forget the whiskers coming off it. Outline the mouth with some sort of lips and make the snout wrinkly. Then add the teeth in the mouth and have the tongue coming out of it. Afterwards draw the horns on the back of the head and then put claws on the end of the fingers and toes.
how to draw a chinese sky dragon step 4
First draw the underbelly of the dragon which resembles some kind of armored plates overlapping each other. Then add the sharp row of spines going down the back all the way to the tail. Then move back up to the head and draw the hair on the back of the head, then on the knees and elbows. Finally finish up with the hair on the tail.
how to draw a chinese sky dragon step 5
Now, draw theses swirly things on the elbows and knees. I don't know what they are besides a decorative thing that really isn't necessarily, but looks awesome. Then, draw the scales. Don't draw every single scale, but draw groups of scales and it will generate the effect that you actually had drawn all the scales. Also, make the scales smaller on the face than on the body.
how to draw a chinese sky dragon step 6
Finally, draw all the clouds in. I did this by hand which took almost as long as the scales did. But if there are other ways of putting clouds there, feel free to do whatever you want! I'm not here to judge. Then have fun coloring the dragon any way you like!


text:
Our paper titled "Hierarchical data models improve the accuracy of feature level predictions for additively manufactured parts" has been published on Additive Manufacturing. The paper was co-authored by Yuhang Yang and Prof. Chenhui Shao.
Industrial-scale production applications of additive manufacturing (AM) are growing rapidly, and scalable AM production requires quality systems that monitor and control part geometric accuracy across multiple machines that operate within a factory. This research develops a hybrid hierarchical modeling (HHM) approach to characterize the geometric accuracy of parts produced across multiple identical AM machines. Our approach organizes the geometric accuracy data into a hierarchy that represents data from individual parts, the positions of parts within the builds, and the machines that produced those parts. By leveraging data from different printers, the performance of the part-level geometric accuracy modeling is substantially improved compared with competing methods. The modeling approach is extensible to other types of AM and could be used as part of a quality system within AM factory.
Read the full paper here.


Healdton
Oklahoma, USA
Long-term weather forecast
Long-term weather forecast
June weather forecast and climate
Healdton, OK
June, the first month of the summer, in Healdton, is a tropical month, with average temperature varying between 90.1°F (32.3°C) and 65.7°F (18.7°C).
Temperature
In June, the average high-temperature marginally rises, from a moderately hot 82.9°F (28.3°C) in May, to a tropical 90.1°F (32.3°C). The average low-temperature, in Healdton, Oklahoma, is 65.7°F (18.7°C).
Rainfall
In Healdton, in June, 4.2" (106.7mm) of precipitation is typically accumulated. Throughout the year, in Healdton, Oklahoma, 35.3" (896.7mm) of rain is accumulated.
Daylight
June has the longest days of the year in Healdton, with an average of 14.4h of daylight.
What is the temperature in June in Healdton?
In June, in Healdton, the average high-temperature is 90.1°F (32.3°C), and the average low-temperature is 65.7°F (18.7°C).
How much does it rain in Healdton in June?
During June, Healdton regularly aggregates up to 4.2" (106.7mm) of precipitation.
When are the longest days in Healdton?
The month with the longest days in Healdton is June, with an average of 14.4h of daylight.
What is the average length of the day in June in Healdton?
The average length of the day in June in Healdton is 14.4h.
Average temperature in June - Healdton, OK
 - Average high temperature in June: 90.2°F
The warmest month (with the highest average high temperature) is July (96.3°F).
The month with the lowest average high temperature is January (52.5°F).
 - Average low temperature in June: 65.7°F
The month with the highest average low temperature is July (69.5°F).
The coldest month (with the lowest average low temperature) is January (26.2°F).
Average rainfall in June - Healdton, OK
 - Average rainfall in June: 4.2"
The wettest month (with the highest rainfall) is May (5.1").
The driest month (with the lowest rainfall) is January (1.4").
Average daylight in June - Healdton, OK
 - Average daylight in June: 14.4h
The month with the longest days is June (Average daylight: 14.4h).
The month with shortest days is December (Average daylight: 9.9h).


text:
The Telegraph reports: Footprints left behind by what may be one our first human ancestors to arrive in Britain have been discovered on a beach in Norfolk.
The preserved tracks, which consisted of 49 imprints in a soft sedimentary rock, are believed to be around 900,000 years old and could transform scientists understanding of how early humans moved around the world.
The footprints were found in what scientists have described as a "million to one" discovery last summer when heavy seas washed sand off the foreshore in Happisburgh, Norfolk.
The find has only now been made public and are thought to be the oldest evidence of early humans in northern Europe yet to be discovered. [Continue reading…]


How BIG was Noah's Ark?
Submit questions - New Articles
How big was Noah's ark? Let us start by defining a cubit. A Biblical cubit is considered the length between the elbow of an adult and their fingertip, which is calculated to being 18 U.S. inches (roughly). Quite a few scholars who study the Hebrew Bible believe a cubit was somewhere in between 17.5 to 21.5 inches long. If we conservatively assume that a cubit was 18 inches (U.S.), we can conclude that the ark was about 450 feet (U.S.) long, 75 feet (U.S.) wide, and 45 feet (U.S.) high.
The interesting thing about Noah's ark its construction was on a 1:6 ratio. Naval architecture reveals that this is the most stable ratio for an ocean-going vessel. It could have easily survived even big ocean waves and would be next to impossible to capsize. The amount of water the ship would displace, given a draught of 15 cubits, exceeds 22,000 tons.
How many animals did it carry?
How many total animals did God want carried in the ark? Many who refuse to believe in what the Bible says state that the ship's capacity would be nowhere big enough to handle the millions of different animals it was supposedly required to carry. The truth, however, is far different from the rhetoric of those who are against God and his word!
How many clean and unclean animals would Noah's Ark have to take on board? What the Bible (Leviticus 11, Deuteronomy 14) considers clean (fit for human consumption) and unclean (not fit to eat) animals is easy to identify based on the characteristics of a particular creature. For example, warm-blooded mammals that have split hooves and chews the cud is clean to eat (e.g. Bison, Cattle, Deer, Goats, Sheep, etc.). Those that do not have these characteristics are not clean and good for man (e.g. Pigs, Lions, Tigers, Boars, etc.)
What did RAINBOWS symbolize after the flood?
Why was Noah's lifespan so long?
How LONG did it take to build the ship?
What does the INSIDE of the Ark look like?
Those who are against God say that Noah had to take SEVEN pair of clean animals and SEVEN pair of the birds (Genesis 7:2-3) with him. Is this assumption true? The answer to the question is in Leviticus 11 and Deuteronomy 14. When properly understood, Noah took on seven (7) individual animals and birds (not seven pairs) of each kind that were clean. Since these types of animals would later be used for food, it would be important to have extra breeding stock. There was three pair of clean animals and clean birds plus a seventh. The seventh one was to be offered as a sacrifice at the end of the flood (Genesis 8:20). If an animal were unclean, which the vast majorities were, then only one pair came aboard the great ship.
Contrary to what many believe and what "documentaries" concerning the ark claim, the ship would have EASILY been big enough to carry all the required animals. Only air breathing, land dwelling animals would have to be placed on the ark itself (Genesis 7:22). In the book The Genesis Flood, it states that animals such as fish, starfishes, sea urchins, mussels, clams, corals, jellyfish, sponges, and many others could have survived outside Noah's ship.
The number of animals saved
Space needed for the animals
Why drown a billion people?
One honest, basic question is why was there a need for Noah's ark in the first place? What caused God, Who is the very definition of love, to take the extreme measure of DROWNING roughly one BILLION people at the same time? The Bible itself gives us the answer.
In the roughly 1,500 years from Adam's creation man had grown corrupt and brutal. The consequences of their selfishness, lust, greed and disobedience, compounded by the fact they lived exceptionally long life spans, led to a preoccupation with evil. God, who saw the cavalcade of suffering and pain man endured, with no end in sight due, mercifully ended their ongoing self-torture. Yet the Eternal was also merciful by having Noah's ark built to save a righteous man and his family so that humanity could have a new start after the flood.
Additional Study Materials
Did a race of GIANTS exist before the deluge?
Did DINOSAURS exist before the flood?
How did the deluge lead to HALLOWEEN?
© The Bible Study Site


text:
Self-organizing map learning nonlinearly embedded manifolds
One of the main tasks in exploratory data analysis is to create an appropriate representation for complex data. In this paper, the problem of creating a representation for observations lying on a low-dimensional manifold embedded in high-dimensional coordinates is considered. We propose a modification of the Self-organizing map (SOM) algorithm that is able to learn the manifold structure in the high-dimensional observation coordinates. Any manifold learning algorithm may be incorporated to the proposed training strategy to guide the map onto the manifold surface instead of becoming trapped in local minima. In this paper, the Locally linear embedding algorithm is adopted. We use the proposed method successfully on several data sets with manifold geometry including an illustrative example of a surface as well as image data. We also show with other experiments that the advantage of the method over the basic SOM is restricted to this specific type of data.


text:
The Skinny on Ethical Sourcing
The Café Femenino Coffee program is founded on a one-of-a-kind ethical sourcing model committed to ending the cycle of poverty that has held women coffee farmers back for centuries.
The program disrupts coffee's traditional economic system by paying women farmers directly for their coffee production.
Paying women directly ensures that they get their fair share, which is the fundamental tenet of ethical sourcing. It also gives women the decision-making power, equality and voice they need to empower themselves and guide their own destiny.
A CLOSER LOOK AT ETHICAL SOURCING
Ethical sourcing is essential to the future of coffee. Helping women coffee producers thrive fuels the sustainability of the coffee industry while improving coffee's quality.
Ethical sourcing provides women farmers of Café Femenino with access to a host of political and economic benefits, including:
- A more equal distribution of labor in their households and communities
- Income stability for women that enables them to make independent decisions
- Land ownership and land title rights for women farmers
- Direct access to international buyers of green coffee
- Leadership roles for women within their co-ops and communities
- Access to and leadership around Café Femenino Foundation's grant money to help strengthen their communities
CULTIVATING A BRIGHTER FUTURE
Through participating in Café Femenino, women across the world have enjoyed many positive cultural changes, including:
- Recognition for the work they do in the household and on the farm
- Reduction in physical, emotional and sexual abuse in farming communities
- Increase in farm family incomes and reduction of poverty
- Increase in educational opportunities and school attendance for women and girls
- Heightened involvement of men in childrearing and domestic activities
The coffees farmed by the women of Café Femenino are now available to the U.S. market through Café Femenino Coffee. Shop Now
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