text:
Front Page Titles (by Subject) CHAPTER I.: COST AND CONSEQUENCES OF STRIKES. - The Tyranny of Socialism
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CHAPTER I.: COST AND CONSEQUENCES OF STRIKES. - Yves Guyot, The Tyranny of Socialism
The Tyranny of Socialism, ed. J.H. Levy (London: Swan Sonnenschein and Co., 1894).
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COST AND CONSEQUENCES OF STRIKES.
Strikes in France in 1890 and 1891—Cost of Strikes—Strikes in England in 1892—Statistics relating to Arbitration—Losses resulting from Strikes—Displacement of Trade—Trades Unions and Strikes—Mistrust.
According to the information given by the Labour Department, 313 strikes, involving 118,000 workmen, took place in France in 1890; and 267 strikes, involving 108,000 strikers, in 1891. The Departments which have had the most strikes are the Nord, with 61 in 1890, and 68 in 1891; the Loire, with 29 in 1890; the Ardennes, with 28 in 1890; and the Rhone, with 28 in 1890, and 20 in 1891. Only 52 Departments were affected by strikes in 1890, and 54 in 1891.
The results of these strikes were as follows:—
The 91 successful strikes affected 22,400 workmen; the 67 that were partially successful affected 54,200 workmen; those which miscarried affected 32,200 workmen.
The principal causes of these strikes were demands for increased wages, the shortening of the hours of work, and reduction of salaries effected by employers.
One third of the successful strikes lasted for less than one week. When a strike lasted more than a fortnight it seemed to be doomed to failure.
These figures give a very poor idea as to the importance of strikes. The sacrifices which they have cost, both to employers and to men, the value of the advantages gained, and also the pecuniary and mercantile consequences which may have resulted from them, are unknown.
At Anzin, in 1884, it is calculated that the strike cost the workmen 1,135,000 francs (£45,000), and the company 600,000 francs (£24,000), that is, 1,735,000 francs, without counting the damage caused by the stopping of the works.
In England, the total number of strikes and lockouts for the year 1891, was 893, affecting 295,000 persons, either voluntarily or otherwise; for the striking of certain workmen caused a stoppage of work to others. These strikes had an average duration of twenty-four days.
Most of them were caused by questions of wages. In 1890, there were 59 caused by the question of employment of non-unionists, and in 1891, 47. Fifty-one per cent. were checked; 36 per cent. proved successful; the result of the others is unknown. Four hundred and sixty-eight strikes out of 824, in which 120,579 people were implicated out of 263,507, were terminated by compromise, and only 12, affecting 12,100 workmen were settled by arbitration. It is useful to quote these figures in order to destroy the illusion so wide-spread in France, that it is enough to pronounce the word "arbitration" and to pass a law concerning arbitration, to put an end to all these disputes.
The losses to the workmen who were forced by the strikes to abstain from labour for four weeks, are calculated at £1,500,000.
The cost of the Hull strike in 1892, which lasted for eight weeks, is calculated at £9,000 for the town, and £60,004 in loss of wages.
Mr. Bevan, calculating the loss of wages as at 4s. 2d. per day, for five days a week, for 110 strikes in England, from 1870 to 1879, arrives at a figure of £4,468,000. The strike of the Clyde ship-builders cost 7,500,000 francs (£300,000) in 1877; that of the Durham miners in 1879, 6 millions of francs (£240,000).
The Labour Bureau, in the United States, reckoned that the strikes of 1881 to 1887 cost the workmen 260 millions of francs or 50 million dollars. These are only figures to some people; but the consequences to women, to children, and to the health of the workmen themselves, are terrible. Moreover, the position of the employers has been attacked and weakened; funds destined for improvements have disappeared, and the powers of production in an industry that has undergone a strike are restricted. Sometimes a strike suffices even to ruin a trade.
These examples have made Trades Unions prudent as to striking. In 1888, out of 104 Unions, only 39 subsidised strikes; and a certain number of Trades Unions have specified in their statutes, that the vote on this subject shall not be taken according to the majority, but according to a certain quorum. At the Brussels Congress of 1892, an English Delegate was indignant that the Engineers' Union (the strongest and wealthiest of all), had, in 1889, spent over £100,000 on sickness, funerals, retiring pensions, accidents, etc., as against about £1,800 on strikes and the costs of the struggles.
This powerful and wealthy association seems to mistrust the results of strikes.


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In precise detail, Ali Kazim captures the stillness of a deserted landscape or a sudden transformation as a storm tears through parched terrain. His paintings are based on the Punjab region of Pakistan – once home to a large part of the Indus Valley Civilisation and now scattered with ancient ruins. Kazim regularly visits these ruins, studying the mounds that form the contours of the landscape, and searching the sites of long-abandoned cities, which are partly exposed or still buried.
He draws on a repertoire of techniques and materials to access these emotive surroundings and conjure the mysteries of forgotten cities. The large landscape is informed by Siyah Qalam, a fleetingly popular form of Persian painting influenced by the ink painting traditions of East Asia, whereby multiple layers of ink were applied with a fine brush. Kazim also creates atmospheric compositions on polyester film rendered in pigment with cotton or soft brushes. Stencils and erasers are then used to detail bolts of lightning, and storm and dust clouds, elements that momentarily bring the landscapes to life.
Kazim is also interested in how pottery shards have transformed over centuries from practical objects to remnants of deserted and forgotten places, and the blackened ceramics bear organic lines or veins to resemble both rocks and organs.
Exhibited in 'The 9th Asia Pacific Triennial of Contemporary Art' (APT9) | 24 Nov 2018 – 28 Apr 2019

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Prior research has shown that theory of mind (ToM) development is delayed in children who are deaf and hard of hearing. Although research has demonstrated a delay in ToM development in children who are deaf and hard of hearing there are not many suggestions for how ToM is or should be addressed in deaf education. The current research addressed this issue by compiling an extensive literature review and sending 113 surveys' to OPTION schools for the deaf around the country.
Program in Audiology and Communication Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine
Deaf children; Deaf - Education; Teachers of the Deaf
West, Julia L.
Beauchemin, Ashley, "Research on theory of mind in deaf education" (2011). Independent Studies and Capstones. Paper 632. Program in Audiology and Communication Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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I was trying to figure out how to create a word that's not a word. What I ended up doing was creating a way of generating a random syllable, and then simply appending 2 or 3 of them together. It seems to work well enough. Here's what I got in Python:
import random vowels = ["a", "e", "i", "o", "u"] consonants = ['b', 'c', 'd', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'j', 'k', 'l','m', 'n', 'p', 'q', 'r','s', 't', 'v', 'w', 'x', 'y', 'z'] def _vowel(): return random.choice(vowels) def _consonant(): return random.choice(consonants) def _cv(): return _consonant() + _vowel() def _cvc(): return _cv() + _consonant() def _syllable(): return random.choice([_vowel, _cv, _cvc])() def create_fake_word(): """ This function generates a fake word by creating between two and three random syllables and then joining them together. """ syllables = for x in range(random.randint(2,3)): syllables.append(_syllable()) return "".join(syllables) if __name__ == "__main__": print create_fake_word()
The first four functions are for generating an individual type of syllable (V, CV, or CVC) and then _syllable() just chooses one of them at random. Finally, create_fake_word() calls _syllable() a few times and joins them together. Here is some example output:
hojocina eliphaa deaketyed ciboa tiuzi
I haven't a clue whether or not there is a better means of generating words that look somewhat real. If you know of a better method, I'd love to hear it!


to the tabindex attribute of the HTML element that underlies the widget.
title
The title in the overlay window.
Type:
String
Default Value: ''
NOTE
If the title option is specified, the titleTemplate option value is ignored.
titleComponent
An alias for the titleTemplate option specified in React. Accepts a custom component. Refer to Using a Custom Component for more information.
titleRender
An alias for the titleTemplate option specified in React. Accepts a rendering function. Refer to Using a Rendering Function for more information.
titleTemplate
Specifies a custom template for the widget title. Does not apply if the title is defined.
Type:
template
Function parameters:
titleElement:
Element (jQuery or HTML)
The title's container. It is an HTML Element or a jQuery Element when you use jQuery.
Return Value:
String
|
DOM Node
|
jQuery
A template name or container.
Default Value: 'title'
toolbarItems[]
Configures toolbar items.
Type:
Array<Object>
In the following code, two items are defined on the toolbar: one is plain text, another is the Button widget:
jQuery
index.js
index.html
$(function() {
 $("#popupContainer").dxPopup({
 // ...
 toolbarItems: [{
 text: "Title",
 location: "before"
 }, {
 widget: "dxButton",
 location: "after",
 options: {
 text: "Refresh",
 onClick: function(e) { /* ... */ }
 }
 }]
 });
});

Popup content

Angular
app.component.html
app.component.ts
app.module.ts
<dx-popup ... >

Popup content

 <dxi-toolbar-item
 text="Title"
 location="before">
 </dxi-toolbar-item>
 <dxi-toolbar-item
 widget="dxButton"
 location="after"
 [options]="{
 text: 'Refresh',
 onClick: refresh
 }">
 </dxi-toolbar-item>
</dx-popup>
import { Component } from '@angular/core';
@Component({
 selector: 'app-root',
 templateUrl: './app.component.html',
 styleUrls: ['./app.component.css']
})
export class AppComponent {
 refresh () { /* ... */ }
}
import { BrowserModule } from '@angular/platform-browser';
import { NgModule } from '@angular/core';
import { AppComponent } from './app.component';
import { DxPopupModule } from 'devextreme-angular';
@NgModule({
 declarations: [
 AppComponent
 ],
 imports: [
 BrowserModule,
 DxPopupModule
 ],
 providers: [],
 bootstrap: [AppComponent]
})
export class AppModule { }
ASP.NET MVC Controls
Index.cshtml
@(Html.DevExtreme().Popup()

 .ContentTemplate(@<text>

Popup content

 </text>)
 .ToolbarItems(ti => {
 ti.Add()
 .Text("Title")
 .Location(ToolbarItemLocation.Before);
 ti.Add()
 .Widget(w => w.Button()
 .Text("Refresh")
 .OnClick("refresh"))
 .Location(ToolbarItemLocation.After);
 }
)

Vue
App.vue
<template>
 <DxPopup ... >

Popup content

 <DxToolbarItem
 text="Title"
 location="before">
 </DxToolbarItem>
 <DxToolbarItem
 widget="dxButton"
 :options="buttonOptions"
 location="after">
 </DxToolbarItem>
 </DxPopup>
</template>

React
App.js
import React from 'react';
import 'devextreme/dist/css/dx.common.css';
import 'devextreme/dist/css/dx.light.css';
import { Popup, ToolbarItem } from 'devextreme-react/popup';
class App extends React.Component {
 constructor() {
 this.buttonOptions = {
 text: 'Refresh',
 onClick: function(e) { /* ... */ }
 };
 }
 render() {
 return (
 <Popup ... >

Popup Content

 <ToolbarItem
 text="Title"
 location="before">
 </ToolbarItem>
 <ToolbarItem
 widget="dxButton"
 location="after"
 options={this.buttonOptions}>
 </ToolbarItem>
 </Popup>
 );
 }
}
export default App;
visible
A Boolean value specifying whether or not the widget is visible.
Type:
Boolean
Default Value: false
Raised Events: showing, hiding
You can show and hide the widget by changing the value of an observable variable passed to this option.
The widget is automatically hidden after the time specified in the displayTime option.
width
Specifies the widget's width in pixels.
Type:
Number
|
String
|
Function
Return Value:
Number
|
String
The widget's width.
Default Value: undefined, function() {return $(window).width() * 0.8 }
Raised Events: resize
This option accepts a value of one of the following types:
 - Number
 The width in pixels.
 - String
 A CSS-accepted measurement of width. For example, "55px", "80%", "auto", "inherit".
 - Function
 A function returning either of the above. For example:
 JavaScript
 width: function() {
 return window.innerWidth / 1.5;
 }


Reframing social exclusion from science communication: moving away from 'barriers' towards a more complex perspective
Emily Dawson (JCOM)
Science communication is an increasingly important field of activity, research and policy. It should not be assumed however, that science communication practices provide equitable and empowering opportunities for everyone. Social exclusion, inclusion and equity are key challenges for practitioners, researchers, policy makers and funders involved with science communication. In this commentary I reflect on the limitations of the 'barriers approach to understanding social inclusion and exclusion from science communication and argue instead that a more complex perspective is needed. I conclude that placing equity at the heart of science communication is crucial for developing more inclusive science communication practices.
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How do I resize an object in Boardmaker Studio?
 1. Select the object.
 2. Move the cursor over any edge or corner of the object until a double arrow appears.
 3. Click and drag the edge or corner until the object is the desired size.
© Copyright 2021 Tobii Dynavox
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text:
Maintenance of partial-sum-based histograms
submitted by Kan Kin Fai
for the degree of Master of Philosophy at the University of Hong Kong
in December 2002
Wavelet-based histograms are one effective alternative to traditional partition-based histograms. They offer higher accuracy for selectivity estimation and can be naturally extended to the multi-dimensional case. They can be computed from either raw data distributions or partial sums. Both methods give good results, but the partial-sum-based method tends to work better for low dimensions and range queries. While wavelet-based histograms have several advantages, their maintenance is more difficult due to the nontrivial mathematical transformation. Previous works on the maintenance of wavelet-based histograms have only concentrated on the raw-data-based method.
The focus of this thesis is a study of the maintenance problem of wavelet-based histograms built on partial sums. Two approaches are suggested to compute the effects of data updates on the wavelet decomposition of partial sums. The naive approach first figures out the affected partial sums and then computes how the changes of those partial sums affect the wavelet decomposition of partial sums. The run-time of the naive approach depends on the number of affected partial sums and thus the domain size of the attribute. The fast approach is based on some nice properties of the wavelet decomposition of partial sums and its run-time only depends on the logarithm of the domain size of the attribute. With the fast approach, the semi-probabilistic-counting method (semi-PC) is proposed to maintain the set of significant wavelet coefficients stored in the histogram. The fast approach and the semi-PC method are also extended to the multi-dimensional case.
The performance of the algorithms was verified by experimental results. The efficiency of the naive approach and that of the fast approach were compared. The experimental results show that the fast approach is over 600 times more efficient than the naive approach
when the domain size is 4096 and the insertion sequence contains lOOK entries. When the domain size doubles, the run-time of the fast approach remains about the same whereas the run-time of the naive approach almost doubles. The accuracy of the semi-PC method was also evaluated using a wide range of datasets. The semi-PC method is compared with the static method and the ideal method. The static method just updates the wavelet coefficients in the histogram while the ideal method rebuilds the histogram from scratch upon any data update. The experimental results show that the semi-PC method outperforms the static method and is, in general, competitive with the ideal method.
School:The University of Hong Kong
School Location:China - Hong Kong SAR
Source Type:Master's Thesis
Keywords:database management distribution probability theory
Date of Publication:01/01/2003

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
Bankruptcy Document Preparation Services
Bankruptcy Document Preparation – $200
Bankruptcy Document Preparation also sometimes referred to as Doc Prep, or filing for bankruptcy in Pro Per, or filing for bankruptcy in Pro Se will provide you with the following documents and service:
1. Chapter 7 Bankruptcy Petition full document preparation
2. Bankruptcy Fee Waiver Form (Providing additional savings of $335 Court Filing Fee)
3. BLP credit towards full representation (in case you re-consider full representation further into the process)
INFORMATION ON FILING FOR BANKRUPTCY IN PRO PER OR PRO SE:
Bankruptcy Document Preparation is a service to provide you with all of the proper documentation necessary to file a bankruptcy at your convenience without attorney representation. Filing without representation is commonly referred to as filing for bankruptcy in Pro Se or Pro Per, meaning that you will be representing yourself in a bankruptcy filing. Although a fully represented filing is always the recommended path if you have the funds to do so. However, if your financial resources are extremely limited, you may need to choose a less expensive option where you can get the filing fee of $335 completely waived with a Bankruptcy Fee Waiver Application.
INFORMATION ON BANKRUPTCY FEE WAIVER:
A Bankruptcy Fee Waiver Application is available to those who file for bankruptcy without representation by an attorney (in Pro Per or Pro Se). If a bankruptcy petition is submitted with attorney representation, the filer will not be eligible for a bankruptcy fee waiver. A bankruptcy filer who represents themselves in Pro Se or Pro Per can qualify for a bankruptcy fee waiver which will waive the $335 court filing fee.
WHAT IF I NEED ATTORNEY ASSISTANCE LATER IN THE PROCESS?
Bankruptcy Law Professionals has you covered in case you need our assistance later in the process. If you start the bankruptcy process without attorney representation and you find that you need attorney assistance further into the process, Bankruptcy Law Professionals will credit you the fee you paid for Document Preparation Services towards a fully represented service (normally priced at $695 attorney fee). No need to worry if you change your mind later on. We will be here to help you.
WILL IT BE DIFFICULT TO FILE ON MY OWN?
Document Preparation Services by Bankruptcy Law Professionals is not just a paperwork hand-off to you. Our service includes much more helpful content to make sure your filing will be successful. You will receive a consultation and have your paperwork completed by our office which gets you all the benefits of our extensive bankruptcy experience. We will then provide you with instructions on where/how to file the petition and what to expect throughout the complete process. You will have complete instruction of what to expect through the conclusion of the bankruptcy.


text:
International Albinism Awareness DayUnity In Diversity!
June 13th is International Albinism Awareness Day; a day set aside to raise awareness of the struggles that people with albinism face daily. Albinism is a genetic disorder that results in a lack of pigment in the skin, hair, and eyes. This can make people with albinism susceptible to sunburns and eye problems. While there is no cure for albinism, there are ways to help people with this disorder live their best life. Raising a child is stressful enough, but when your child has a special need, it might feel like you're on your own. We'd want to use this time to express our gratitude to all of the parents who are raising children with albinism. On International Albinism Awareness Day, take some time to learn more about this condition and how you can support those who live with it.
Seven reasons why celebrating International Albinism Awareness Day is a must!
1. To show solidarity with the albinism community
When you offer your support for International Albinism Awareness Day, you send a message of solidarity to people with albinism worldwide. This year's theme is "Made To Shine," with the goal of celebrating the accomplishments and successes of persons with albinism all across the world. It's also a call to stand with people who have albinism as they face their problems. This day is an essential reminder that we are all in this together. By raising awareness about albinism, we can help break down the existing barriers for people with this condition.
2. To educate others about albinism
Many people are not familiar with albinism and what it entails. International Albinism Awareness Day is a great opportunity to educate others about this condition. When you raise awareness about albinism, you can help dispel myths and misconceptions about this condition. Educating others can help create a more inclusive and understanding world for people with albinism.
3. To celebrate the beauty of people with albinism
People with albinism are often marginalised and discriminated against because of their appearance. International Albinism Awareness Day is a chance to celebrate the beauty of people with albinism and to show that they are just like everyone else, deserving of respect and inclusion.
4. To Stand up against discrimination
People with albinism face discrimination and violence in many parts of the world. International Albinism Awareness Day is a chance to stand up against this discrimination and call for an end to violence against people with albinism. It is also a chance to celebrate the strength and resilience of people with albinism who have faced these challenges and continue to fight for their rights.
5. For Respect and Inclusion
International Albinism Awareness Day is a chance to call for respect and inclusion for all people with albinism. It is also a chance to celebrate the beauty and diversity of people with albinism. People with albinism often suffer from discrimination and exclusion. They are often treated as if they are not human and this is wrong. International Albinism Awareness Day is a chance for us to stand up against this discrimination and call for an end to violence against people with albinism.
6. What is the significance of the day?
The significance of International Albinism Awareness Day is to raise awareness about albinism and end discrimination and violence that people with albinism face in their daily lives. It is also a chance to celebrate the beauty and diversity of people with albinism. On this day, let us stand up for the rights of people with albinism and pledge to end discrimination and violence against them. Let us also celebrate their beauty and diversity.
7. To teach everyone there in unity in diversity.
The International Albinism Awareness Day is to raise awareness about albinism and to end discrimination and violence against people with albinism.
Why does albinism happen?
Albinism is a congenital condition in which the skin, hair, and eyes are completely or partially devoid of pigment. Albinism is caused by a mutation in one of several genes involved in the generation or distribution of melanin, a brown-black pigment generated by melanocytes, a kind of cell. Melanin is the pigment that gives skin, hair, and eyes their colour.
Genetic factors determine the amount and distribution of melanin produced by the melanocytes. When one of the genes involved in melanin production or distribution is mutated, it can lead to albinism.
What are the different types of albinism?
There are four main types of albinism, each associated with mutations in different genes:
Oculocutaneous albinism type 1 (OCA1): is caused by a mutation in the tyrosinase gene.
Oculo cutaneous albinism type 2 (OCA2): is caused by a mutation in the P gene.
Oculocutaneous albinism type 3 (OCA3): is caused by a mutation in the TYRP1 gene.
Ocular albinism (OA): caused by a mutation in the GPR143 gene.
What are the symptoms of albinism?
The most common symptom of albinism is reducing pigmentation in skin, hair and eyes. This can result in pale skin and hair, and light-coloured eyes. Other symptoms may include:
People with albinism often have vision problems due to the lack of eye pigment. Although persons with ocular albinism lose their central vision, they nevertheless have good side vision. This can cause reduced visual acuity and sensitivity to bright light.
People with albinism are at increased risk for skin cancer. They may also have other skin problems, such as sunburn, rashes and dryness.
Some types of albinism are associated with hearing loss.
June 13th is International Albinism Awareness Day. It can be difficult enough to raise a child, but when your child has a particular need, it can feel like you are doing it all alone. We want to take this opportunity to thank all of the parents out there who are caring for children with albinism. You are amazing! If you are looking for support, please reach out to one of the other organisations dedicated to helping families affected by albinism or us. Together, we can make a difference in the lives of these beautiful children.


text:
An innovative micromechanics-based three-dimensional long-term strength criterion for fracture assessment of rock materials
Journal article, Peer reviewed
MetadataShow full item record
Original versionFrattura ed Integrità Strutturale. 2018, 12 (44), 64-81. 10.3221/IGF-ESIS.44.06
Rocks may exhibit time-dependent behaviors. Long-term strength criterion significantly dominates creep failure of rocks. Rocks contain many microcracks, which lead to degrade of long-term strength. In this paper, it is assumed that there exist three-dimensional penny-shaped microcracks in rocks. The mode II stress intensity factors at tips of three-dimensional penny-shaped microcracks in Burgers viscoelastic rock matrix is derived. A novel micromechanics-based three-dimensional long-term strength criterion is established to consider the effects of time and the intermediate principal stress on creep failure of rocks. By comparison with the previous experimental data, it is found that the novel micromechanics-based three-dimensional long-term strength criterion is in good agreement with the experimental data.


text:
SAN JOSE, Calif.--(BUSINESS WIRE)--As the market for smart eyewear begins to find its sea-legs, companies are still struggling to balance features. What do buyers want in a pair of smart glasses?
Text messaging is a crucial part of communication nowadays. Companies such as Vuzix, North and Everysight offer smart eyewear projecting incoming text messages on their displays. But how do you reply when the eyewear doesn't come with a keyboard?
IpVenture, with its affiliate IngenioSpec, offers the next step: hands-free text messaging for smart eyewear. With our comprehensive patented technologies, users can send and receive texts without displays or a keyboard.
When a text message is received, IpVenture's technology transforms it into audio, and allows the user to hear the message read to her through a speaker in the smart eyewear. The user can then recite a reply verbally, which is received by a microphone in the smart eyewear; and IpVenture's technology will transform the reply into text and send it.
Some of the operations can be performed by a mobile phone wirelessly coupled to the eyewear. For example, the transformation between text and audio can be done by the mobile phone.
With these patented technologies and more, IpVenture and its affiliate, IngenioSpec, continue to lead in development of market-driven ideas and user-friendly technologies. Visit our websites for lists of patents on smart eyewear and hands-free text messaging.


text:
Volume 50, Issue 3 (May 2005)
A Simple Automated Instrument for DNA Extraction in Forensic Casework
The Qiagen BioRobot EZ1 is a small, rapid, and reliable automated DNA extraction instrument capable of extracting DNA from up to six samples in as few as 20 min using magnetic bead technology. The San Diego Police Department Crime Laboratory has validated the BioRobot EZ1 for the DNA extraction of evidence and reference samples in forensic casework. The BioRobot EZ1 was evaluated for use on a variety of different evidence sample types including blood, saliva, and semen evidence. The performance of the BioRobot EZ1 with regard to DNA recovery and potential cross-contamination was also assessed. DNA yields obtained with the BioRobot EZ1 were comparable to those from organic extraction. The BioRobot EZ1 was effective at removing PCR inhibitors, which often co-purify with DNA in organic extractions. The incorporation of the BioRobot EZ1 into forensic casework has streamlined the DNA analysis process by reducing the need for labor-intensive phenol-chloroform extractions.


Quick introduction to foodingraph
knitr::opts_chunk$set(echo = TRUE, fig.width = 7, fig.height = 6, comment = "#>")
library(foodingraph)
Introduction
A simple R package to infer food networks from categorical and binary variables.
Displays a weighted undirected graph from an adjacency matrix. Can perform confidence-interval bootstrap inference with mutual information or maximal information coefficient.
How it works
From an adjacency matrix, the package can infer the network with confidence-interval (CI) bootstraps of the distribution of mutual information[^1] values or maximal information coefficients (MIC)[^2]for each pairwise association. The CI bootstrap calculated is compared to the CI bootstraps from simulated independent pairwise associations. The CI bootstrap from simulated independent pairwise variables is used to define a threshold of non-significance in the network. Our approach is to use a threshold for each pairwise variable type : two ordinal variables, two binary variables, one ordinal variable and one ordinal variable.
For example, For each pairwise association, if the 99th percentile of the simulated CI is higher than the 1th percentile of the sample bootstrap distribution, the edge is removed.
From the inferred adjacency matrix, the package can then display the graph using ggplot2[^3], igraph[^4] and ggraph[^5].
See R documentation for more information.
Example data set
For the purpose of this example, I invented some food intakes data on $n=13$ subjects and $f=8$ food groups : $o=6$ ordinally-encoded (from 0 to 13) and $b=2$ binary-encoded (0 or 1). Therefore, do not expect these examples to reflect reality.
# Food intakes (ordinaly- or binary-encoded)
obs_data <- data.frame(
#| Foods | Subject 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 |
#|-------|------------------------------------------------------------|
 alcohol_cat = c(8, 1, 3, 0, 10, 5, 1, 10, 2, 8, 1, 3, 9),
 bread_cat = c(7, 4, 3, 4, 0, 9, 4, 5, 7, 3, 4, 0, 9),
 coffee_cat = c(3, 6, 6, 6, 2, 3, 5, 8, 8, 6, 6, 2, 3),
 duck_cat = c(0, 3, 1, 0, 0, 2, 13, 1, 0, 0, 2, 13, 1),
 eggs_cat = c(5, 5, 4, 5, 8, 8, 6, 9, 6, 8, 2, 3, 1),
 fruit_cat = c(1, 7, 5, 8, 2, 3, 1, 0, 7, 7, 5, 8, 2),
 gin_bin = c(1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1),
 ham_bin = c(1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1)
)
head(obs_data)
# The legend for the graph
legend <- data.frame(
 name = colnames(obs_data),
 title = c("Alcohol", "Bread", "Coffee", "Duck", "Eggs", "Fruit", "Gin", "Ham"),
 family = c("Alcohol", "Cereals", "Beverages", "Poultry", "Eggs", "Fruit", "Alcohol", "Meats")
)
# Transform family intro factors?
Now let's calculate the maximal information coefficient[^2] adjacency matrix, with the foodingraph function mic_adj_matrix.
adjacency_matrix <- mic_adj_matrix(obs_data)
Network inference
This step is optional. If you want to visualize the network, jump to Network visualization
Arbitrary threshold
Foodingraph allows to select edges on the basis of a threshold value in the adjacency matrix. It can either be applied to the adjacency matrix by the functions graph_from_matrix() or links_nodes_from_mat(), with two parameters:
 1. threshold (default is 0) : the threshold value
 2. abs_threshold (bool, default TRUE) : if the threshold should apply to the absolute values of the edges or not. If TRUE, it will not convert the values of the adjacency matrix to absolute values, only compare the threshold to the absolute values.
Confidence-interval bootstrap inference
Foodingraph allows to perform confidence-interval (CI) bootstrap inference, by comparing the CI bootstrap of simulated independent data to the CI bootstrap of each pairwise association of the dataset. Two methods to calculate the CI bootstrap exist : mutual information[^1] or maximal information coefficient[^6].
NOTE If you want to use mutual information, be sure to install the minet package available on Bioconductor. It will not be automatically downloaded when installing foodingraph.
CI bootstrap of independent simulated data
Let's start by simulating independent data. As our dataset is comprised of ordinal and binary variables, we will simulate independent :
This will allow to compare each pairwise association of the dataset to the corresponding type of threshold.
For this example, we will use MIC.
# Ordinal vs. ordinal
thresh_ord_ord <- boot_simulated_cat_bin("cat", method = "mic", size = 500)
# Binary vs. binary
thresh_bin_bin <- boot_simulated_cat_bin("bin", method = "mic", size = 500)
# Ordinal vs. binary
thresh_ord_bin <- boot_simulated_cat_bin("bincat", method = "mic", size = 500)
CI bootstrap inference
Now let's perform the CI bootstrap inference on the observed data. To do this, foodingraph needs a list of the ordinal (a.k.a. categorical) and binary variables, so it can accurately compare the correct threshold to the correct pairwise variables.
As the computations can take some time, a progress bar is built into the function. You can deactivate it by setting the parameter show_progress to FALSE (function boot_cat_bin). Recommended if the output is in a Rmarkdown document.
cat_var <- c("alcohol_cat", "bread_cat", "coffee_cat", "duck_cat", "eggs_cat",
 "fruit_cat")
bin_var <- c("gin_bin", "ham_bin")
inferred_adj_matrix <- boot_cat_bin(obs_data,
 list_cat_var = cat_var,
 list_bin_var = bin_var,
 method = "mic",
 threshold_cat = thresh_ord_ord,
 threshold_bin = thresh_bin_bin,
 threshold_bin_cat = thresh_ord_bin,
 boots = 5000,
 show_progress = FALSE)
# Print how many edges have been removed
n_null_before <- (length(which(adjacency_matrix==0))-ncol(obs_data))/2
n_null_after <- (length(which(inferred_adj_matrix==0))-ncol(obs_data))/2
print(paste(n_null_after - n_null_before, "edges have been removed"))
Network visualization {#netviz}
Quick start: directly from the adjacency matrix
graph1 <- graph_from_matrix(adjacency_matrix, legend, main_title = "My graph", layout = "graphopt")
graph1
Or from a list of links and nodes
Useful to alter the links
# Extract the links and nodes from the adjacency matrix
links_nodes <- links_nodes_from_mat(adjacency_matrix, legend)
# Transform negative weights into positive ones
links_nodes$links <- transform(links_nodes$links, weight = abs(weight))
# Display the graph
graph2 <- graph_from_links_nodes(links_nodes, main_title = "My graph")
graph2
Save the graph in a file
save_graph(graph1)
Customization
Many options and layouts exist to customize the graph.
library(ggplot2)
custom1 <- graph_from_matrix(adjacency_matrix, legend, main_title = "Node label as name",
 layout = "graph


docs » Seal.plugins.urlformats
A plugin to quickly open URLs containing a search/query term This plugin is invoked with the uf keyword and requires some configuration, see :providersTable()
The way this works is by defining a set of providers, each of which contains a URL with a %s somewhere insert it. When the user types uf in Seal, followed by some more characters, those characters will be inserted into the string at the point where the %s is.
By way of an example, you could define a provider with a url like _URL_ and just need to type uf 123456 in Seal to get a quick shortcut to open the full URL.
API Overview
API Documentation
Methods
providersTable
Signature Seal.plugins.urlformats:providersTable(aTable)
Type Method
Description
Gets or sets the current providers table
Parameters
 - aTable - An optional table of providers, which must contain the following keys:
 - name - A string naming the provider, which will be shown in the Seal results
 - url - A string containing the URL to insert the user's query into. This should contain one and only one %s
Returns
 - Either a table of current providers, if no parameter was passed, or nothing if a parmameter was passed.
Notes
 - An example table might look like:
{
 rhbz = { name = "Red Hat Bugzilla", url = "_URL_ },
 lp = { name = "Launchpad Bug", url = "_URL_ },
}
Source Source/Seal.spoon/seal_urlformats.lua line 97


text:
Final Documentation including Critical Design Review Information and files on all the final designs and codes.
The process of designing the palm structure for the prosthetic hand and the adjoining thumb flexion components.
The process of developing the solidworks designs of the fingers for the prosthetic hand.
General Links to the Verification and Validation Reports for both the Prosthetic Arm and the Prosthetic Hand.
This is the working process of creating the firmware for the prosthetic hand, to control the motors and the servo in the hand with the flex sensors attached to the customer's foot.
In order to control the Hand on this project, it needs two Printed Circuit Boards (PCB) to be wirelessly communicating to each other. One of the PCBs will be placed in the arm and the other in a containment box attached to the customers ankle that would have flex sensors attached on the inside of their shoe.
The Mode Selector Test is done to check if we can enter different modes using the Flex Sensors that were tested in an earlier blog post to control the movements of the Prosthetic Hand by syncing different types of movements of the hand to different modes that are achieved by syncing the modes to different movements of the flex sensors.
We completed this test to verify the hook up of the Xbee so we can design a shield for it, as well as getting the Xbee to be able to send and receive data from a wireless source. Ex hand to foot and vice versa.
The Prosthetic Hand needs feedback in order to control the force of the grasp, therefore we are testing the force sensors to see if they can detect the force difference of the most minuscule item we have to grasp.


text:
Whenever there is no service while using live tracking, all the points in between losing Internet connection and regaining it are gone. It would be great to have an option to send all cached points once a connection is back. As they can be timestamped, it should not be a problem for receiving servers to parse the points. They could be sent in an array, for example.
Local caching for live tracking when out of data signal
Would it be possible to add local caching to the live tracking so locations are sent from when the phone is out of data signal?
For implementation I envisage it working something like:
- In a live tracking profile, users can opt to use caching
- Caching is unavailable for GET requests (as data length is limited and you do not want to poll a url multiple times in a short time)
- For POST requests, Locus sends (if data available) a cache variable which is an array of locations (in the same format as the live beacon).
On the receiving server:
- any local authentication etc.
- process live location
- check for cache variable
- if present and supported, process cached locations
As an extra bonus, Locus could detail how many cached locations are stored in notifications (with where it currently reports successes and failures), and provide a way of manually sending the data to the server (example is when you finish a walk out of signal - you stop the tracking, but want to share the outstanding locations when you are back in signal.)


text:
A kitchen hood, also known as a range hood, is a device that hangs above commercial fryers and other cooking appliances. It has many mechanical fans that remove heat, smoke, and odors from the air. It attracts dirt like a magnet. Read the Simple steps below about Cleaning Hoods in Restaurants.
If you manage a restaurant, it's critical that you take steps to keep your kitchen in good working order at all times to avoid unwelcome difficulties. Issues that arise unexpectedly can pose a safety risk and harm your reputation. One of the most important issues to fix in order to keep your restaurant on track is the kitchen exhaust system. Grease accumulates in the hoods and other components of your ventilation system.
Restaurant hoods must be cleaned:
The following is a typical sequence of events that leads to a kitchen exhaust fire that hasn't been cleaned:
- On the stove top, a hot flame shoots up or is formed.
- The flame ignites the filters in the kitchen hood as it comes into touch with them.
- The flames are driven upward into the ductwork by the exhaust fan pulling in air.
- If there is enough grease residue in the ducts, it can act as a source of fuel, allowing the fire to spread farther into the exhaust system, causing substantial damage and putting the structure and its people in danger.
Reasons for the cleanness of restaurant hoods:
There are various reasons to clean the kitchen hood at your restaurant:
The cleanliness of your kitchen exhaust system has an impact on the air quality in your restaurant's kitchen and throughout the facility. Contaminated particle is allowed to circulate in occupied portions of the building once filters become clogged and ducting is degraded, allowing workers and patrons to breathe it in.
Due to high levels of moisture and heat, your kitchen exhaust system is not only a fire threat, but also a breeding ground for germs, mold, and mildew. With regular, expert kitchen hood cleaning, you can avoid disease as well as potential mechanical failure and damage.
If your restaurant's kitchen is found to be in violation of these or other standards or regulations, it may fail inspection, costing you more time and money while it is brought up to code, or perhaps putting you out of business. Your insurance company may use this information to determine liability and refuse your claim if a fire occurs due to a lack of cleaning.
Method of Cleaning restaurant hoods:
Here is the step by step processes of cleaning restaurant hoods:
Plastic sheeting is used to cover all equipment to prevent it from run-off and degreasing chemicals once all pilot lights and gas valves for the cooking equipment have been switched off.
Baffle Filters Cleaning:
The vent hood's baffle filters are removed and either power washed or soaked in a soaking solution to remove any grease accumulation. The vent hood system can now be accessed completely.
Wrap around the hoods:
The hoods are coated in plastic sheeting and shaped into a funnel, allowing the cleaning process's discharge to be collected in a container.
The Hood fans are degreased and then rinsed with hot water. This procedure is repeated until the fans have been thoroughly cleaned down to the bare metal. The fan's belt is also replaced if necessary.
Scraping the Ducts:
The ducts are scraped to remove any hardened grease deposits before being cleansed and rinsed in the same manner as the fans. This is done in the same way as the fans down to the bare metal.
Getting the Roof Clean:
After the ducts and fans have been thoroughly cleaned and inspected, the roof is lightly power washed to eliminate any debris or grease that may have accumulated during the cleaning process.
Keeping the Hood Clean:
After manually scraping away any hardened oil accumulation, the vent hood is sprayed with a degreasing solution and rinsed with hot water. This procedure is done until all of the vent hoods are clean.
Putting the Baffle Filters Back in Place:
After soaking and/or power washing the baffle filters, they are rinsed with hot water and reinstalled in the vent hood. After that, the vent hood is cleaned off and polished.
After the system is clean, all of the plastic sheeting is removed, and the kitchen floors are mopped. All of the equipment is wiped down.
Tips to keep your restaurant hoods clean:
Use the appropriate filter:
Your vent hood will trap and contain the oils and grease generated from your cooking if you use the proper kind of hood filter and the right number of filters. Check out our hood filter handbook if you're not sure which filter is best for you. It covers everything from fire codes to filter materials to customized hood filters like spark arrestor filters. You must not only use the correct type of filter, but also the correct size to cover the whole aperture of your vent hood. Use our filter sizing calculator if you need assistance measuring to calculate the size and number of hood filters you'll need.
Commercial vent hood cleaning:
Cleaning business vent hoods on a regular basis will ensure that they operate as efficiently and effectively as feasible. The majority of vent hood cleaning in restaurants occurs on a daily basis. Some people, however, can go between cleanings every one to two weeks. The decision should be made based on the amount and sort of cooking you will be doing.
A fast-food restaurant that grills burgers on char broil equipment may need to schedule restaurant vent hood cleaning more frequently than a modest sandwich shop. Most hood filters can be cleaned by hand with hot soapy water or placed in a high-temp commercial dishwasher when it comes to commercial vent hood cleaning. They can also be soaked in a soak tank overnight.
Duct access doors should be installed:
Ducts are notoriously difficult to reach and, as a result, to keep clean. That's why duct access doors, also known as clean-out access doors or panels, must be positioned uniformly along with your ductwork. Duct access doors are simple to install and enable easy cleaning, maintenance, and inspection of your ducts.
Installing access doors makes it easy to remove fats, oils, and grease from your ductwork, reducing the risk of a duct fire and improving the performance of your vent hood. Keeping your ducts clean also improves airflow and reduces the formation of dust, bacteria, and mold.
Panel for accessing the exhaust fan:
Access panels for exhaust fans are similar to duct access panels. They're another quick and easy solution to keep your industrial kitchen ventilation system clean and in good working order.
These clean-out access points, also known as exhaust fan access ports, make it easier to reach the interior of the fan so it may be cleaned and maintained. They are incredibly cost-effective and easy to install. Once fitted, your exhaust fan access port will help keep the blades of your up blast exhaust fan clean and grease-free. This will assist you in avoiding difficulties caused by grease accumulation.
Install a hinge kit for the exhaust fan:
Making it easy to clean your exhaust fan also makes it safer, as it protects your roof, fan, and fan base from harm during routine maintenance, business vent hood cleaning, or inspection. Hinge kits connect the fan bowl to the fan base using a hinge. The hinge keeps the exhaust fan held in an open position, preventing it from opening too far or slamming shut on employees attempting to reach the fan's innards.
For obstinate grease accumulation, contractors can use scrapers and brushes on the hood interior. Otherwise, they'll use the pressure washer system they used to clean the ducting to clean it. The interior and exterior stainless steel of the hood can be manually cleaned with a degreaser or light detergent, wiped down, and dried with clean cloths if necessary. During the cleaning operation, contractors take extra precautions using demand-control hoods to safeguard their heat and effluent sensors.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
A graph has a path from node $j$ to node $i$ if and only if its adjacency matrix has a positive element $(i,j)$ of $A^k$ for some integer $k.$
A proof for this statement will be highly appreciated.
share|improve this question
3 Answers 3
Hint. In fact there are $A_{ij}^m$ walks of length at most $m$ from $i$ to $j$. The inductive proof of this is pretty much identical to the one you're asking asking for, and your question follows a corollary.
Hint 2. Use $A_{ij}^m=\sum_{k=1}^n A_{ik}^{m-1}A_{kj}$.
share|improve this answer
I think you mean walks of length exactly $m$. – Erick Wong Mar 10 '13 at 16:35
You may prove by mathematical induction. The base case is trivial. For the $k$-th iteration, note that $(A^k)_{ij}\not=0$ iff $(A^{k-1})_{i\ell}$ and $A_{\ell j}$ are both nonzero for some index $\ell$.
share|improve this answer
You can prove by induction. See Section 2.1 of this
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Your Answer


text:
Each activity is awarded a given number of credits, as defined by the graduate school you are attending. Most graduate schools require PhD students to maintain a "logbook" detailing all the different activities and courses undertaken. Each graduate school sets the number of credits awarded for each activity. For information purposes only, please see the indicative list in the ULB PhD regulations.
The purpose of doctoral training is to consolidate your specialist skills within your discipline, and to enable you to develop transferable skills that are attractive to both the academic and private sectors.
The programme (60 credits) is developed flexibly by the supervisory committee. Its content varies according to the needs of each PhD student, and it is built around three complementary disciplines:
The 60 credits from the doctoral training entitle you to a Research training certificate that must be provided when submitting your thesis.


text:
Global Snow Drought Hot Spots and Characteristics
Researchers from the University of California, Irvine, with support from NIDIS, have developed a new framework for characterizing snow droughts around the world. Using the framework to analyze conditions from 1980 to 2018, the researchers found a 28 percent increase in the length of intensified snow-water deficits in the western United States during the second half of the study period. Analysis using the new framework shows prolonged snow droughts in California, Oregon, Washington and other Western states, and, to a lesser extent, Eastern Russia and Europe over the nearly four-decade term studied.
For more information, please contact Adam Lang (_EMAIL_).


text:
1. Where did John Forbes Nash, Jr. grow up? How were Nash's parents described in Chapter One?
John Forbes Nash, Jr. grew up in Bluefield, West Virginia. His parents married on September 6, 1924. They lived in Bluefield in the coal mining mountains of West Virginia and became Episcopalians. The Nash's were respectable middle-classers. John Sr. worked for Appalachian Power and was steadily employed through the Depression.
2. How was John Forbes Nash, Jr. described as a child in Chapter One? When did he develop an interest in mathematics?
As a child, John was a loner but curious and always asking questions. He liked to learn on his own and read books. He had few friends and was awkward in social situations. John's teachers complained that he would not make the effort to do his schoolwork. He became interested in mathematics at the age of thirteen when reading Men of Mathematics.
This section contains 4,137 words
(approx. 14 pages at 300 words per page)


Incloister meanings in Urdu
Incloister meanings in Urdu is بندش Incloister in Urdu. More meanings of incloister, it's definitions, example sentences, related words, idioms and quotations.
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Idiom related to the meaning of Incloister
What are the meanings of Incloister in Urdu?
Meanings of the word Incloister in Urdu is بندش - bandish. To understand how would you translate the word Incloister in Urdu, you can take help from words closely related to Incloister or it's Urdu translations. Some of these words can also be considered Incloister synonyms. In case you want even more details, you can also consider checking out all of the definitions of the word Incloister. If there is a match we also include idioms & quotations that either use this word or its translations in them or use any of the related words in English or Urdu translations. These idioms or quotations can also be taken as a literary example of how to use Incloister in a sentence. If you have trouble reading in Urdu we have also provided these meanings in Roman Urdu.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
What do you mean by incloister?
Meaning of incloister is بندش - bandish
Whats the definition of incloister?
Definition of the incloister are
What is the synonym of incloister?
Synonym of word incloister are phraseology, obstruction, closure, debarring, ligation, constraint, qualm, closures, offuscation, fiction
What are the idioms related to incloister?
Here are the idioms that are related to the word incloister.
 - The mind loves free space


Leading Organic Basmati Rice Exporters in Pakistan
Pakistan Organic Farms are certified by Control Union Certifications Zwolle, the Netherlands for organic production methods according to Regulation (EC) No. 834/2007. We are one of the leading organic basmati rice suppliers and grow EU and USDA Certified agricultural commodities. We have been exporting organic rice to the USA, the Netherlands, France, Germany, Italy, Belgium and the Middle East since 2002. We grow:
Origin Of Pakistani Basmati Rice For Export
Bas means aroma and Mati means virgin. Basmati variety was first produced in 1933 at Agricultural research station in central Punjab. The Basmati variety was further improved and Super Basmati rice variety was introduced in 1996 having long grain length and rich aroma, which can only be attained if sown in the Kallar area of Punjab.
Corporate Social Responsibility
Corporate Social Responsibility of Pakistan Organic Farms is the continuing commitment by businesses to behave ethically and contribute to economic development while improving the quality of life of the workforce and their families as well as of the local community and society at large and growing, offering increased business prospects for all sectors of the food supply chain.
What makes Basmati Rice smell so good?
Rice is a complex carbohydrate, an important part of the human diet, used to fuel the body. Complex carbohydrates are stored in muscles and released as energy when needed. Nutritionists recommend at least half the calories we consume should come from complex carbohydrates.
Milling Process
In post-production of Pakistan Organic Farms' organic basmati rice, milling is a crucial step. The basic objective of a rice milling system of basmati rice exporters is to remove the bran and husk layers, and produce an eatable, white rice grain which is free of impurities and sufficiently milled.
Latest Posts
What are the Rice Varieties in Pakistan
What are the Rice Varieties in Pakistan
There are 3 kinds of rice varieties in Pakistan, which are produced for local consumption and export. These are Basmati (aromatic), IRRI variety (medium long grain) and bold grain (cold tolerant varieties). Throughout the world, Basmati rice is quite famous for its...
Organic Rice Suppliers in Pakistan
Organic Rice Suppliers in Pakistan
Pakistan Organic Farms is one of the leading organic rice suppliers and producers in Pakistan, with three rice mills in Karachi, Lahore and Nankana Sahib. Being the pioneer of organic rice producer, we have contributed a lot in terms of educating the Pakistani farmers...
Organic Basmati Rice Exporters and Farmers Practices in Pakistan
Organic Basmati Rice Exporters and Farmers Practices in Pakistan
You are helping more than yourself, when you pick organic rice and different organic food. You are assisting organic basmati rice exporters, processors and farmers who strive to meet the guidelines and as they firmly believe in quality, growing sustainably, and good...


text:
Galaxy Diamond Glitter Lamp
- Low stock - 2 items left
- Inventory on the way
About This Product
- Ages 12+ with adult supervision
- Size: 36 cm
- Keep upright
- Turn off regularly
- Some assembly is required
- Light bulb is included
- Voltage: 230-240V, 50Hz
- Wattage: Max 30W
WARNING: The glass lamp surface is hot when in use. For indoor use only. Keep out of reach of children.
The Lava lamp was invented by British accountant Edward Craven-Walker in 1963 after watching a homemade egg timer, which was made from a cocktail shaker filled with liquids, as it was bubbling on a stove top in a pub.
There are two liquids in the lamp that are insoluble together and have similar densities. The heat from the light bulb heats the heavier liquid at the bottom of the lamp. It absorbs the heat, expands and becomes less dense.
This change in density is small but enough for the once heavier liquid to float to the top of the lamp. As the blob of liquid moves away from the lamp it cools. This increases the density and it sinks back to the bottom of the lamp. This motion is repeated over and over again creating the continuous motion of the liquid in the lamp.
The interactions between wax and liquid are not an exact science. Your colouring may differ from the image depicted, and may change throughout use.
|Order Value||Shipping & Delivery Cost|
For more information please visit our Shipping & Delivery Page


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Issue No.08 - August (2000 vol.11)
pp: 794-812
ABSTRACT

Abstract—Multidestination message passing has been proposed as an attractive mechanism for efficiently implementing multicast and other collective operations on direct networks. However, applying this mechanism to switch-based parallel systems is nontrivial. In this paper, we propose alternative switch architectures with differing buffer organizations to implement multidestination worms on switch-based parallel systems. First, we discuss issues related to such implementation (deadlock-freedom, replication mechanisms, header encoding, and routing). Next, we demonstrate how an existing central-buffer-based switch architecture supporting unicast message passing can be enhanced to accommodate multidestination message passing. Similarly, implementing multidestination worms on an input-buffer-based switch architecture is discussed, and two architectural alternatives are presented that reduce the wiring complexity in a practical switch implementation. The central-buffer-based and input-buffer-based implementations are evaluated against each other, as well as against the corresponding software-based schemes. Simulation experiments under a range of traffic (multiple multicast, bimodal, varying degree of multicast, and message length) and system size are used for evaluation. The study demonstrates the superiority of the central-buffer-based switch architecture. It also indicates that under bimodal traffic the central-buffer-based hardware multicast implementation affects background unicast traffic less adversely compared to a software-based multicast implementation. These results show that multidestination message passing can be applied easily and effectively to switch-based parallel systems to deliver good multicast and collective communication performance.

INDEX TERMS
Parallel computer architecture, switch/router architecture, wormhole switching, cut-through switching, multicast, broadcast, collective communication, interconnection networks, performance evaluation.
CITATION
Rajeev Sivaram, Craig B. Stunkel, Dhabaleswar K. Panda, "Implementing Multidestination Worms in Switch-Based Parallel Systems: Architectural Alternatives and Their Impact", IEEE Transactions on Parallel & Distributed Systems, vol.11, no. 8, pp. 794-812, August 2000, doi:10.1109/71.877938
26 ms
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Marketing Automation Platform Marketing Automation Tool


Pilgrimage to the grave of Ham the Astrochimp
Crave's Nerdy New Mexico series delivers flowers to the grave of Ham the Astrochimp, the first chimpanzee launched into space. It was a big confidence booster for NASA prior to sending humans into orbit.
Ham the Astrochimp
Ham the Astrochimp in 1961. NASA
ALAMOGORDO, N.M.--A flat plaque in cement on the ground in front of the flagpoles at the New Mexico Museum of Space History marks the final resting place for Ham the Astrochimp. I've brought flowers to spruce the place up a little bit, but it still looks very plain. This isn't quite what I expected. I thought the grave of a space pioneer might have a little more flair.
Earning a real name
Ham's name is an acronym for "Holloman Aeromedical," the lab where he and other space chimps were trained. He didn't earn a real name until he successfully returned from orbit. Before that, he was Chimp Number 65.
Ham was born in 1955 (some sources say 1956) and died in 1983. In 1961, he was strapped into a chimp restraint suit, placed in a Mercury module, and rocketed into space from Cape Canaveral. He experienced seven minutes of weightlessness and nearly 15 G-forces on re-entry.
Ham was part of Project Mercury, a mission with the ultimate goal of putting a man in space. Ham was trained to push a lever upon seeing a blue light, which he successfully accomplished during his flight. This gave NASA valuable information on the ability to conduct tasks while in space.
Later, in 1961, another Project Mercury chimp named Enos also made it into orbit and returned safely. These chimp flights were essentially dress rehearsals for human space missions.
Life after space
After his experience, Ham spent the rest of his life in retirement in zoos. Now he's buried in Alamogordo, not far from where he trained to go into space in the first place.
The animal lover in me can't help but feel uncomfortable at the thought of a chimpanzee being rocketed into the confusion of a space journey.
All Ham knew was that one day he was running around in the African wild, the next he was captured, and then eventually tied down and blasted into orbit.
It must have been a surreal experience for the little chimp. It's something that humans like Ashton Kutcher are willing to pay big bucks for. Ham didn't have a choice.
The little plaque at the grave site reads, "Ham proved that mankind could live and work in space." That's a pretty big burden to have placed on the shoulders of a little chimp. It's well worth a gift of flowers and a quiet thank-you that could never be enough. Next time, I'll bring bananas.
Ham's grave marker
Ham's grave is at the New Mexico Museum of Space History. Amanda Kooser/CNET


When is the product of intervals also an interval?
P.G. Vroegindeweij, O.M. Kosheleva
 Research output: Contribution to journalArticleAcademicpeer-review
 4 Citations (Scopus)
 Abstract
 Interval arithmetic is based on the fact that for intervals on the real line, the element-wise product of two intervals is also an interval. This property is not always true: e.g., it is not true if we consider intervals on the set of integers instead of intervals on the set of real numbers. When is an element-wise product or a sum of two intervals always an interval? In this paper, we analyze this problem in a general algebraic setting: we need the corresponding algebraic structures to have (related) addition, multiplication, and order; thus, we consider (consistently) ordered rings. We describe all consistently ordered rings for which the element-wise product and sum of two intervals are always intervals.
 Original languageEnglish
 Pages (from-to)179-190
 Number of pages12
 JournalReliable Computing
 Volume4
 Issue number2
 DOIs
 Publication statusPublished - 1998
 Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of 'When is the product of intervals also an interval?'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
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text:
Oberlin College has long cultivated a reputation for advancing cutting-edge thinking and scholarship, and for supporting historically disenfranchised communities. My Name Is My Own takes this work another step forward, organizing exciting conversations within the Oberlin community, across disciplines, and with national scholars and community organizers on the front lines of academic and sociopolitical innovation.
The primary mission of My Name Is My Own is to provide institutional support to Oberlin communities that identify as queer and of color in the broadest senses of those words. In pursuit of this goal, My Name Is My Own supports and creates multiple and varied spaces in order to allow for:
- support, reflection, and community-building within queer communities of color at Oberlin,
- education and confrontation of oppressive praxis in non-queer and or non-of color Oberlin communities and individuals, and
- interand intra-community coalition-building.
These spaces encourage participants to explore the construction and experience of race and sexuality, gender and sex in various communities, foregrounding the experiences, concerns and work of queer people of color.
My Name Is My Own features public lectures, film screenings, artistic and activist performances, workshops, and small discussion groups between students, faculty and national scholars and organizers.


text:
ECPE vocabulary practice test 72 of 98 Vocabulary Workshop
HOW TO PRACTISE: There is a practice question below. Select one of the options and you will immediately see the result. Next, click on the golden "Next Question" button at the bottom of the result. This way questions will appear one after another.
Question 1 of 10: What is the meaning of "pragmatic"?
2. ECPE Vocabulary: What is the meaning of "precarious"?
(a) 1. something that is not certain 2. risky or subject to chance 3. something which is entirely safe and secure
(b) 1. something that is not certain 2. clear and definite 3. something which lacks security and is in a possibly dangerous situation
(c) 1. something that is entirely certain 2. risky or subject to chance 3. something which lacks security and is in a possibly dangerous situation
(d) 1. something that is not certain 2. risky or subject to chance 3. something which lacks security and is in a possibly dangerous situation
3. ECPE Vocabulary: What is the meaning of "precede"?
(a) 1. to exist before something 2. to come before 3. to have a higher rank than someone
(b) 1. to come after something 2. to be of less importance
(c) 1. to take political action to formally declare independence and leave a country 2. to separate from a country
(d) 1. to suddenly appear 2. to appear in an unexpected place or at an unexpected time 3. to materialize
4. ECPE Vocabulary: What is the meaning of "precedent"?
(a) 1. a practice or act in the past which is used to justify a similar practice in the present
(b) 1. an event that comes after another important event 2. a result
(c) 1. the leader of a political party, a country, or an organization 2. a democratically elected leader
(d) 1. a feeling that something bad is going to happen in the near future 2. the sensation that something is amiss and that something negative is going to happen
5. ECPE Vocabulary: What is the meaning of "preceding"?
(a) 1. after 2. in the end
(b) 1. in response to 2. as a result
(c) 1. before 2. prior to
(d) 1. on one hand 2. in contrast
6. ECPE Vocabulary: What is the meaning of "precipice"?
(a) 1. a small steep side of a mountain or cliff, typically a short one 2. a preferable situation that could lead to success or joy 3. a very interesting situation
(b) 1. a very steep side of a factory or building, typically a short one 2. an uncertain situation that could lead to harm or failure 3. a very unfortunate situation
(c) 1. a very steep side of a home or building, typically a tall one 2. a confusing situation that could lead to harm or failure 3. a very confusing situation
(d) 1. a very steep side of a mountain or cliff, typically a tall one 2. a dangerous situation that could lead to harm or failure 3. a very dangerous situation
7. ECPE Vocabulary: What is the meaning of "precipitate"?
(a) 1. prevent (something) from happening quickly, suddenly, unexpectedly, or prematurely before expected, warranted, needed, or desired 2. throw upward; hurl upward 3. fall; fall upward suddenly and dramatically
(b) 1. cause (something) to happen slowly, rarely, expectedly, or maturely before expected, warranted, needed, or desired 2. throw headlong; hurl upward 3. push; push downward suddenly and dramatically
(c) 1. cause (something) to happen quickly, suddenly, unexpectedly, or prematurely before expected, warranted, needed, or desired 2. throw headlong; hurl downward 3. fall; fall downward suddenly and dramatically
(d) 1. attack (someone) to weaken quickly, suddenly, unexpectedly, or prematurely before expected, warranted, needed, or desired 2. catch headlong; hurl upward 3. throw; throw downward suddenly and dramatically
8. ECPE Vocabulary: What is the meaning of "precipitous"?
(a) 1. quite steep 2. occurring suddenly or dramatically
(b) 1. related to a specific division of a city for political or policing reasons 2. small-scale
(c) 1. gradually sloping 2. slightly inclined 3. going downhill at a slow pace
(d) 1. too forward or bold 2. open and willing to ask anyone anything 3. liberal to a point that is considered to be socially unacceptable
9. ECPE Vocabulary: What is the meaning of "precise"?
(a) 1. desired by many 2. wanted 3. in fashion
(b) 1. coming before something 2. occurring directly before something else
(c) 1. necessary 2. required in order to do something or access something
(d) 1. accurate; exact 2. meticulous or exacting
10. ECPE Vocabulary: What is the meaning of "predecessor"?
(a) 1. a person who inspects labor issues 2. a labor investigator 3. someone who researches injury claims to confirm whether or not they are true
(b) 1. the current occupant of a post or a role 2. the person who occupies a role at this very time and age 3. something that comes after another related thing in the past
(c) 1. the previous occupant of a post or a role 2. something that comes before another related thing
(d) 1. a person who is in charge of processing credit card payments at a business or in a bank
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English Grammar Exercise Tips
The following simple English grammar tips and tricks will help you to learn and memorize English grammar rules and speak correctly. If you are on this site for English grammar practice, these tips will really help you. Let's start.
Invest your time in learning
It surely takes some time to learn English. There is no shortcut way to learn it. Some websites may say that they will teach you English in seven days or one month. These are false offers. Invest some time in learning and practicing. Your English skills will surely improve.
Speak, speak, and speak!
Try to speak English the same way you write it. Do not worry about grammatical mistakes. The more you practice, the less mistakes you will make and the more fluent you will be. So, practice daily and do not be afraid of grammatical errors.
Slow down your speaking speed
Your confidence will go down if you try to speak fluently from the very beginning. Give yourself some time. Start with slow speaking speed and increase your speed over time as you make more progress day by day. Slowing down speaking speed has another benefit — you will get enough time to make sentences in your mind before you speak.
The more you practice speaking, the more confident you will be.
Use Mobile apps
Luckily, there are many English learning apps available. Some are free and some are paid apps. If you are a smartphone user, you should install some of these apps in your mobile phone. You can at least install one app and start practicing. A mobile app is a very handy and useful thing to learn at your convenient time. You can start with free apps.
Install and use a dictionary app in your mobile
There are several free dictionary apps that will help you to learn proper pronunciation and new words. It is highly possible that your smartphone already has a dictionary installed. Use it or install a better one.
Try to get a good bilingual dictionary for better understanding. Besides using a mobile app, you can buy and use a good


The poisonous element, once used in embalming fluids, could be contaminating drinking water as corpses rot
Live near a cemetery? Better check your drinking water. (The Brett Weston Archive/CORBIS)
If you live near a Civil War-era cemetery, rotting corpses may be on the attack. While there's no need to fear the walking dead, homeowners should watch out for toxins leaking out of old graves that could be contaminating drinking water and causing serious health problems.
When someone died at the turn of the century, it was common practice to bring a photographer in to take death photos. Also, the people who fought and died in the Civil War came from all over the United States, and families who wanted to bury their kin would pay to have them shipped home.
At the time, ice was the only option to preserve a body, but that didn't work very well—and no one wants to see a deceased relative partially decomposed.
"We're talking about the 1800s, so how do you freeze [the bodies] and keep them frozen if they take weeks to transport?" says Jana Olivier, an environmental scientist and professor-emeritus at the University of South Africa.
Thus, embalming in the U.S. became a booming industry during the Civil War era. People willing to try their hand at embalming spent their time following the military from combat zone to combat zone.
"Embalmers flocked to battlefields to embalm whoever could afford it and send them home," said Mike Mathews, a mortuary scientist at the University of Minnesota.
An embalming surgeon is seen at work on a Civil War soldier's body sometime in the early 1860s. (Corbis)
Embalming fluid is effective, but it's also nasty stuff. Many early recipes for embalming fluid were jealously guarded by morticians because some worked so much better than others, but most commonly contained arsenic, Mathews adds.
One popular formula "contained about four ounces of arsenious acid per gallon of water, and up to 12 pounds of non-degradable arsenic was sometimes used per body," according to the 5th Street Cemetery Necrogeological Study.
Arsenic kills the bacteria that make corpses stinky—if you've ever smelled bad meat, you can imagine how important it is for embalming fluid to do its thing and do it well. But the poisonous element doesn't degrade, so when embalmed bodies rot in the ground, arsenic gets deposited into the soil.
"A Civil War-era cemetery filled with plenty of graves—things seldom stay where you want them to," says Benjamin Bostick, a geochemist at Columbia University. "As the body is becoming soil, the arsenic is being added to the soil." From there, rainwater and flooding can wash arsenic into the water table.
That means old cemeteries full of deceased soldiers and civilians present a real problem for today's homeowners. The federal government says it's only safe for us to drink water with 10 parts per billion of arsenic or less. But in 2002, a USGS-sponsored survey in Iowa City found arsenic levels at three times the federal limit near an old cemetery.
"When you have this big mass of arsenic, there's enough to affect literally millions of liters of water at least a little bit," Bostick says.
Soldiers bury Union dead who fell near Fredericksburg, Virginia, during the 1863 Chancellorsville Campaign. (Medford Historical Society Collection/CORBIS)
If humans ingest the contaminated water, it can cause significant health problems over time. Arsenic is a carcinogen that's associated with skin, lung, bladder and liver cancers, says Joseph Graziano, an environmental health scientist at Columbia University. Drinking arsenic-contaminated water has also been linked to cardiovascular disease, lung disease and cognitive deficits in children.
The good news is that arsenic was banned from embalming fluid in the early 1900s. It was causing health problems for medical students who were operating on embalmed cadavers. Also, the presence of so much arsenic made murder investigations almost impossible. Police couldn't distinguish between embalming fluid arsenic and cases of murder by arsenic poisoning.
"The state stepped in and said [morticians] couldn't use arsenic anymore. Boy, they outlawed it real quick," Mathews says. Now, morticians use a combination of gluteraldehyde and formaldehyde—both chemicals that sterilize—to embalm bodies for open caskets, he adds. These chemicals evaporate away before they pose a risk to the water table.
But if you live near an old cemetery, you should get your well water checked for arsenic and other contaminants every few years, Mathews advises.
"Sadly, much of the population today isn't aware of the hazard that arsenic poses," Graziano says. "Any homeowner should be testing their well water frequently. We need to be vigilant about hazards from drinking water."
About Mollie Bloudoff-Indelicato
Mollie Bloudoff-Indelicato
Mollie Bloudoff-Indelicato is a freelance science, health and environment writer based in Washington, D.C. whose work has appeared in National Geographic, NPR, Scientific American, Reuters Health, Science magazine and Nature.
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The signifier is the pointing finger, the word, the sound-image.
A word is simply a jumble of letters. The pointing finger is not the star. It is in the interpretation of the signifier that meaning is created.
The signified is the concept, the meaning, the thing indicated by the signifier. It need not be a'real object' but is some referent to which the signifier refers.
The thing signified is created in the perceiver and is internal to them. Whilst we share concepts, we do so via signifiers.
Whilst the signifier is more stable, the signified varies between people and contexts.
The signified does stabilize with habit, as the signifier cues thoughts and images.
Using Format


text:
LPL Outline README
- Provides the necessary data for Visual Studio Code to fill in the Outline panel and breadcrumbs bar for *.busclass files
- Navigate the code using the outline tree or the breadcrumbs bar.
- Jump to the definition of actions, classes, relations, parameters, etc.
- See definitions of fields and paramters, etc., when hovering over them
- Get warnings about persistent fields missing from import classes
Tip: The breadcrumbs bar is particularly useful in tracking (displaying) your current location within the file too.
This extension relies on the Infor LPL Language Server extension already being installed because that declares the busclass file type.
deep: (default) Includes all implemented levels of detail
shallow: Excludes detail within individual Actions. This is useful in VS Code version 1.31 because the number of symbols in the tree is limited to 7500, and some large files exceed that.
- Code parsing is imperfect, so jump to definition and hover text is not always accurate or available
- The ability to see a list of all definitions of a parameter or field referenced in the various contexts of a rule block is not implemented (yet).
See change log for complete history.
0.1.8 - 2021-05-19
- Key fields are now reported as missing from import classes if they are not listed and _USER_=Exclude is not specified on the.keyfield line 1.
- Declarations of the form "Field is Alpha up to 20" are now parsed properly.
- Warning messages about missing import fields will exclude entire import business classes with _USER_=Exclude on line 1.
- Associating an Import class to the corresponding main business class will now also look for "include FillInFields" to identify an invoke referring to the main business class.
- Relative keys are now identified as fields and can report warnings if missing from imports and not marked with _USER_=Exclude.
The code for this extension is hosted at GitHub


text:
Use SL Shapes
Note: The video was made for Avastar-1.0 However it should still be helpful for Avastar-1.2
Step 1: Export your Shape from SL or OpenSimThe procedure to export the Character shape may vary depending on which viewer you actually use. We use the default SL Viewer.
(where nnn is a number)C:\Users\gaia\AppData\Roaming\SecondLife\logs\Gaia_Clary_nnn.xml
Note: the file path contains your Windows user name (mine is gaia) and your SL user name.
Step 2: Import to Avastar
Create a new Avastar
Add a new Avastar Character
add -> Avastar
This will create a new female Avastar character. After a short time (typically 2-4 secs) a new Avastar character is created in the 3D View and at the current 3D cursor location.
We do not use any of the Ruth shapes, because there is no clear definition what Ruth is. While there is an official definition of the default shape. In SL you create the default shape from your Inventory:
What you should know
- New Avastar characters can only be created when you are in Object Mode!
- A new character will be placed at the current 3D Cursor location.
- You can hide ('h') or remove ('x') not needed parts (like the skirt or the hair for example) without breaking the tools.
- You can create as many characters as you like and thus you can create multi-character animations. Multi-character animations will be explained in the reference guide.
- The character that you know from avatar.blend or from the workbench (sometimes also named "ruth") looks different from the default Avastar character. this is not a mistake. Further explanations can be found in the Avastar vs. Workbench Skeleton article.
Note: The Armature Info Panel shows the version difference between your Armature (in the example My Rig and the Avastar Version (1.1.20 in the example).
(1) Currently old Blend files will not show an Armature version, because this feature is very new. Because of that you often do not see any version info. But this is enough for Avastar to know the Armature is outdated.
- Armature name
- Avastar Version number
- Rig version Number (may be empty)
- Version Mismatch Info (if applicable)
- List of assigned Custom Meshes
- Number of animated Bones
Whenever Avastar detects a Version Mismatch, then it offers an Update Button in the Avastar Tools Panel:
Inplace Armature Update
- Select your old mesh or your old Armature.
- Then – in the Tool Shelf – look for Armature Info. If Avastar indicates a Version Mismatch, then…
- Look for the Avastar Tools Panel and click on Update Avastar.
Load your Shape
The Avastar Shape (Properties, Object Section)
Avastar can import and export shapes from OpenSim or any compatible online world. You find the import/export functions in the Object properties of the Avastar Armature:
- Go to object mode.
- Select the Rig (RMB on the yellow circles around the mesh).
- Open the Properties window.
- Navigate to the "Object" properties.
There you find a panel "Avatar Shape". This panel displayes a subpanel with 5 main functions.
This function allows you to upload a Shape that you have previously exported from your online world: In most viewers there is a shape export option hidden in the advanced menu ("Advanced" -> "Character" -> "Charater Tests" -> "Appearance to XML"). This will silently create a file called:
This file contains your current shape and can be loaded into Avastar, where [application_folder] is the viewer's application data folder. For Windows this folder is located at:
Save Shape to
As mentioned above the default option is to save to File. But you can also save to a Blender textblock. In that case the slider values can be found in the Blender text editor panel. The values correspond to the shape settings in the SL viewer.
Note: You can use the Singularity Viewer to import a shape file to SL. To see the file, switch to the Blender Text editor and locate Shape for: Avatar (Avatar stands for the name of the Armature). Useful when you need to update the shape in SL with the values from blender.
This resets the Avastar meshes to the current Shape values. Useful together with the new custom shape key function (see below). Also if you messed up the Avastar meshes (by editing them) you can return the mesh back to the current shape slider values.
Reset to Default Shape
Set the entire shape back to the Avastar default setup (the same as the SL Default shape which you get when you create a new Shape)
Delete Avastar Shapes
Remove all Shapesfrom the Avastar character. You will want this when you use the rig for non human characters where keeping the Avastar human meshes make no sense.
Load Shape Editor
Export to Collada
Export your Character as Collada
Hint: You usually can keep the default settings and just click on the "Collada(Avastar)(.dae)" button. A File Selector will pop up. Here you can navigate to your export directory and then export your file as a Collada file (using the file extension ".dae")
By default Avastar applies all mesh changing Modifiers except the Armature Modifiers to the exported meshes. However, some modifiers have 2 sets of options, one option set is for rendering, the other option set is for the Viewport. We provide 3 options here:
- Apply according to the View Settings (the 3D Preview settings)
- Apply according to the Render Settings (the settings for Blender's own Renderer)
- Don't apply modifiers and only export the base mesh
The View settings will be applied by default. These settings are very closely related to the Blender Render System. In most cases you can actually just use the defaults. We will get back to this when we talk about how to use (or not use) Modifiers.
We will get to armature Modifiers in the "Create an Attachment" tutorial.
Textures export (advanced)
Note: But for rigged meshes the images are not recognized.
- UV Textures & Material Textures: Blender supports Material based textures and UV textures (which are directly assigned to polygons). Normally you want to export only the UV textures. In rare cases it is more desirable to export the material based textures instead. But beware, Blender does not export the render results, but only the source images!
- Image Type: The image format is typically predefined in the Blender Render settings. However we found it convenient to provide an immediate setting in the Exporter. By default the image type will be applied ONLY to generated images.
- Use 'Image format' for all images: If this option is set, then Blender will use the selected image format for all exported images. If the option is disabled, then only the generated images will be affected.
- Use RGBA: Blender can export the Alpha channel for images. Normally this is controlled in the render settings where you can specify to use either RGB or RGBA for image exports. If the currently selected export format supports Alpha then enabling RGBA here will export images with Alpha channel even if the render settings are set to RGB and vice versa.
Hint: You may want to NOT use RGBA because of the Alpha glitch. However this is not a general advice. There are many situations where using Alpha images is even recommended (for example when you want to create an Alpha mask).
Hint: If the format of the exported image(es) does not support an Alpha channel then the "Use RGBA" option is simply ignored.
bone bug fix: We have found that some online worlds have serious issues with modified Joint offsets for Collision volumes and Attachments(1). Hence we suppress the export of joint offsets for collision volumes and attachment bones by default.(1): The technical details are related to the SL Importer's option With Joint Positions The Skeleton can be modified (in edit mode) to create other rest poses than the default rest pose (T-Pose) When you do that, you actually move the Joint Offsets away from their default locations. And you will later have to set "with Joint Offset" during import in order to get your modified sjkeleton uploaded.
Step 3: Import your Character to SLOnce you have exported your Mesh character, you only need to import it to your target System (like SL or a compatible online world). Although this is easy in principle, there are a few pitfalls in your way. So let us take a deeper look into the Mesh Importer.
The Video explains:
- How to import a rigged Mesh to SL, OpenSim or similar online worlds.
- How to use an Alpha mask for hiding the default character
- How to use image textures to texturise your character.
- Potential problems with your meshes (visible seams, wrong shape, missing face animations)
Upload the model
The LOD Panel
The Options Panel
Step 4: (Optional) Import your Shape back to SL
Exporting a Shape from Avastar
- Ensure Blender is in Object Mode
- Select the Avastar Armature
- in the Object Properties locate the Avatar Shape panel
- There you find a Save Shape To option
Importing a Shape to Second Life (using Firestorm)
- Enter the Appearance Editor in your Firestorm Viewer
- Down in the right lower corner of the editor you find an Import option


text:
Garden with Insight v1.0 Help: Weather next day functions: generate today's solar radiation
This function generates solar radiation for today.
If the "simulated" option for solar radiation is chosen: Today's solar radiation will be
randomly chosen from a normal distribution. The standard deviation for
the normal distribution is calculated from the maximum possible radiation that could reach the earth's
surface today for this climate. The maximum possible radiation depends on the latitude and the day of the
year. The standard deviation is defined as one-quarter of the difference between the maximum possible
radiation and the mean radiation (for today). A number is randomly drawn from a normal distibution having the mean already
calculated for today and this standard deviation. The value is then adjusted for autocorrelation using the autocorrelation matrix.
If the "always 10.0" option for solar radiation is chosen: The solar radiation is set at ten
MJ/m2 (megajoules per square meter). If the "smoothed" option for solar radiation is
chosen: The solar radiation is set at the smoothed long-term
average. The adjustment for yesterday's rain is ignored. If the "unchanging" option for
solar radiation is chosen: The solar radiation stays the same as it was yesterday.
calculation of mean for normal distribution today
EPIC Air Temperature and Solar Radiation
EPIC Day Length


Current Research
Julia Clarke studies birds and other theropod dinosaurs to better understand major transitions in the history of life. She is particularly interested in how structures in living animals developed and how novel ways of moving evolved. In order to prepare undergraduates for scientific careers, Clarke developed an initiative with three goals: developing authentic research design skills within and across traditional disciplines in course and lab settings; evaluating modules focused on strengthening scientific self-efficacy; and recruiting and retaining more traditionally underrepresented groups in the geosciences. She also created the University of Texas Curiosity to Question (CtQ) course model, which provides a supported context for open-ended inquiry and training in research mentorship skills for graduate and postdoctoral students.
Find a Scientist


Does the "simulation temperature" setting in MODE do anything?
I tried to change the "simulation temperature" in the general tab of FDE or varFDTD (default value is 300K). I was expecting Neff of a silicon WG to change due to silicon's thermo-opto effect. However, the simulation results do not appear to change al all with different temperature values. Is this how it should be?
Dear _USER_.xie
The value for simulation temperature will be important if you use a perturbed index material. To add such a material, click on Add and then select index perturbation in Material Database:
In the simulation file attached, I have two silicon rectangles. These two rectangles have different materials, and index for rectangle 1 is a function of temperature. By setting different values for simulation temperature you can study how the index varies:
As you can see in the figure above, only rectangle 1 (the top rectangle) is affected by simulation temperature.
I hope this answered your question.
index_perturbed_test.lms (279.2 KB)
Dear Behzad,
This is a perfect answer to my question. Thank you so much.
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text:
Science Fair Project Encyclopedia
Bird in the bush
"A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush."
A proverb of which one meaning is it is better to have something for sure (low risk) than something speculative (high risk). The paradox part is that investors will often not do a probability analysis for lowest risk/highest return. They will take their chances of getting something more speculatively than they will getting something less as a sure thing. Better to have than to speculate on the one hand but better to speculate than have on the other. Since most choose to speculate, we can extrapolate that this saying is intended as a caution to incautious people.
Due to the phrasing of the sentence (and the emphasis given to the position of the bird) it is plain that it is 'not a paradox'.
The contents of this article is licensed from _URL_ under the GNU Free Documentation License. Click here to see the transparent copy and copyright details


Hangzhou's climate is Humid Subtropical with four distinctive seasons. The average annual temperature in Hangzhou is 16.2°C (61.2°F). The summers are hot and humid, while winters are relatively cool and dry. In July, the hottest month, the average temperature is approximately 33.8°C (92.8°F); in January the average temperature is about 3.6°C (38.5°F). Hangzhou receives an average annual rainfall of 1450 mm. In mid-summer, Hangzhou, along with other cities in Zhejiang province, suffer typhoon storms, but typhoons seldom strike it directly. Generally they make land along the southern coast of Zhejiang, and affect Hangzhou with str ong winds and stormy rains.
 Avg High ℃ 8 10 14 20 26 29 33 32 28 23 17 11
 Avg Low ℃ 2 12 17 22 25 25 21 15 4
Source: MSN Weather
For more information about Hangzhou tour, check _URL_
Hangzhou is a travel destination which has four traditional seasons, predictable by the standard calendar. The summers are warm and the winters are cool. In spring, everything is in bloom and in autumn there are colored leaves everywhere. Because of this, it is relatively comfortable to visit the area at any time of year and travelers can pretty much be guaranteed beautiful natural scenery during any month. Visitors interested in seeing the plants in bloom but missing the bulk of the rain should aim for heading to the area just after the rainy season ends in late June. Travelers interested in enjoying winter activities should wait until at least December if not early January. This is when the snow falls in the area, covering the lake and making the area particularly beautiful.
In terms of actual temperature, the hottest month of the year is July which has an average high temperature of just over ninety degrees. The coldest month of the year is January when temperatures hover just above freezing. The wettest month of the year is usually June, which averages eight inches of rain and the driest months are the winter months. Travelers can obtain comprehensive annual climate information for the area at _URL_