Schottky Effect
Points to understand which are related to Schottky effect are the following:In a solid material, there will be two or less than two electrons for each atom which are free to move from one atom to another based on band theory. Work Function: The bare minimum quantity of energy (produced due to thermal energy) essential for an electron to escape (leave) from the surface of a material is called work function. Thermionic Emission: It is the emission (release) of charge carriers (ions or electrons) from the surface of a material due to the thermal energy given to it. Thermionic Emission Current: As a result of thermionic emission (electron ejection due to thermal energy), an electric current will be produced across the electrodes which is termed as thermionic emission current. Work function is inversely proportional to thermionic emission current. Richardson's Law: It is mathematically analogous to Arrhenius equation. It gives the relationship between the current and the temperature of a heated wire. That is, the current will depend on the temperature of the wire exponentially as shown below. J → Emission Current density W → Work function of the metal T → Temperature of the metal K → Boltzmann constant = AG = λR A0 λR → Material specific correction factor (typically of order 0.5) A0 → Universal constant =
Now, we can come to the topic – Schottky Effect (Field enhanced thermionic emission). Here; when we apply an electric field to a heated material, the emission of electrons from the surface increases. It results in decreasing the smallest energy required for the release of electrons from the surface of the material (work function) and thereby increasing thermionic current. If a very small electric field is applied, then it only sweeps the previously released electrons from the surface of the material. While increasing the field (moderate field), a particular point is reached at which the work function value gets decreased. If the field is further increased, it results in decreasing in work function and thereby increasing the thermionic emission current. This is Schottky effect. In the absence of electric field, the surface barrier which is seen by the emitting Fermi-level electron will be W height. This height is equal to the work function. But the electric field will decrease the barrier height by an amount equal to ΔW (see figure 2) and thus increasing the thermionic current. This can be modelled by an easy alteration in Richardson equation which is explained before. In that equation, we can substitute W by W + ΔW as shown below. The above equation satisfies only for electric field strength less than 108 V/m. But for very high increase in electric field; it results in tunnelling of electrons (excessive electron emission) through the potential barrier. This type of emission or tunnelling is called as high-field emission or simply we can say field emission.
When we plot a graph of logarithm of thermionic emission current and will give a straight line (shown below). At low anode voltage, the deviation is due to space charge effects. schottky effect The electric lines of force are at 90o to the surface of a metal due to high conductivity (see figure below). The inter-atomic distance is assumed to be 'a'. Thus, an electron which is located at a distance x>a from the surface having charge – e interacts with surface. It induces an electrical image (+e) in the metal which will be at a distance of x. There will be an attractive force between – e and + e given by schottky effect
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text:
Our team is developing a SPO2 measurement instruments by ADPD144. However, several problems were found.
The first one, the optical sensor VREF voltage ac coupling measurement was a sawtooth wave;
the second, through the FIFO continuous read the IR and RED 500 sampling data is change each channel;
Third, cover the sensor with your finger, the data is unchanged;
the fourth one, can you help provide demo code?

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Death sentence is given to those criminals who tend to do extremely offensive activities. Mainly, there are two different modes of executing death sentence either by hanging or shooting. You may have seen in many movies that how the criminal is treated before hanging officially. But, there are some other things you may not know what actually happens before hanging a person. Here are few things that are executed before a person is hanged. Have a look!
Hanging is the most common method that is adopted for execution of Death Sentence. Actually, the criminal would be hanged with a noose, that could lead to death by rupturing the neck. Before hanging the convict, the Jail Superintendent, a Local Magistrate, Senior Police Officials and a Doctor visits the place where convict was imprisoned. They reads the warrant stating the reason for hanging the criminal judicially.
1. Woken up Early in the Morning
Before hanging the convict the jail superintendent follows some rules. The criminal is woken up early in the morning i.e., at 3 A.M. and asks him to fresh up.
2. Allows to take Bath
The prisoner will be asked to fresh up by taking bath. The convict will be provided both hot and cold water and they can do any shower based on their choice.
3. Offers Favorite Food of Convict
As a last wish of the criminal going to be hanged, he will be provided his favorite food. Even it is not available in the canteen of the jail, they will bring it from anywhere outside in order to fulfill his final wish.
4. Provides Light Refreshment
After eating their desired food, they will be given some time for light refreshment. They will be left alone for some amount of time so that they can memorize their family members.
5. Provides Religious Books or Recite Prayers to have a Peaceful Mind
The convicts are offered religious books based on their interest or they are given some time to recite prayers to their favorite God to have a peaceful mind.
6. Lubricates the Rope for Smooth Sliding Action
The rope or noose which is used to hang the criminal will be lubricated with cheese and ripen banana and kept for 3 days till the day of hanging. This way of applying cheese is to ensure smooth sliding action, so that it doesn't stretch much when the convict gets hanged.
7. Doctor Examines the Convict
After giving him some time for preparing himself, doctor checks the physical and mental condition of the prisoner. If the report ensures that the condemned convict's health is totally fit, then they execute hanging process.
8. Prisoner is Blind-folded
The convict who is to be hanged judicially is then taken to the gallows and is then blind-folded by covering the prisoner's face with a cotton hood or cloth. Usually, they pinion the convict's hands behind their back using handcuffs or a leather strap and legs are pinioned with a cord.
9. Magistrate Gives Signal
After covering the convict's face with a cotton cloth, the Executive Magistrate shall identify the prisoner as the person named in the warrant and read to him a translation of the warrant in his mother tongue. The Magistrate then gives signal to the hangman to pull the lever.
10. Hangman or Lyncher is confidential
The person who hangs the criminal is called Hangman or Lyncher. The details of the Lyncher will be kept confidential because he must not be troubled later for accomplishing his job. The lyncher will recite his prayer for few seconds so as to free himself from any sense of guilt before putting the hood on the convict's head. Later, the hangman pulls the lever and the body gets hanged and goes down.
These are the things that are executed before a person is judicially hanged in a prison. After pulling the lever, the prisoner will hanged for 30 minutes of time. Later, the doctor who is present in the spot examines the convict's body and confirms death. The Police officials then informs the matter to Higher officials and decides whether to handover the dead body to their family members or cremate in jail itself after performing Autopsy (Post-mortem).


You can actually see the fish and dolphins in the canals of Venice again as tourists stay away during coronavirus crisis
Greg Evans
Wednesday 18 March 2020 08:45
The coronavirus outbreak is worrying for everyone. But people being kept inside has resulted in some positive effects for the surrounding environment.
Pollution levels have dropped above northern Italy as factories have been forced into lockdown and air pollution in London has reportedly dropped due to the amount of people working from home.
Although the lack of tourists around the world have forced animals in places like Thailand and Japan to forage for their own food, in Venice, Italy the world-famous canals have miraculously become so clear again that you can actually see the fish for the first time in decades.
Images of the canals have been widely shared on social media and people, especially those that have visited the city are astonished at what they have seen.
It's not just fish that have been spotted in the city again. Dolphins, swans and even wild boars (which are actually in Sardinia) have begun to reclaim their place in the world.
Meanwhile, this is what it looks like in Venice, one of the biggest tourist destinations in Italy, from a human perspective.
At the time of writing, Italy remains on lockdown after confirming more than 31,000 cases and 2,503 deaths.


text:
Serving up smashing spudsNDSU researchers see great potential in colorful potatoes Among the hundreds of potato varieties that North Dakota State University researchers work with, some are certainly eye-catching.
By: Kristen Daum,
Among the hundreds of potato varieties that North Dakota State University researchers work with, some are certainly eye-catching.
Donning vibrant hues of blue, purple and red, specialty spuds stand out from more mainstream varieties like the Russets or Yukon Golds typically found in grocery store displays.
NDSU's potato breeding program began in 1930 with the goal of establishing superior varieties that meet the needs of regional producers in the potato industry.
That includes everything from growing diseaseand pest-resistant varieties to evaluating different types for use in the commercial marketplace, said Asunta "Susie" Thompson, a potato breeder and associate professor at NDSU.
Potato breeders at the university create hybrid varieties by crossing two parent versions, but there's no genetic engineering involved at this time, she said.
The color of a potato's skin and its interior flesh stems from complex genetic coding that's influenced by a specific makeup, she said.
For instance, the purple color means the potato is high in anthocyanins, which are involved in the formation of antioxidants.
Few of the specialty varieties can be found in local grocery stores because widespread availability is still increasing, Thompson said.
Instead, the unique varieties are more easily found in summertime farmer's markets or from specialty growers in the Red River Valley, she said.
The colorful potatoes can also make for festive cooking in the kitchen, no matter how they're served.
"It can really make your plate pop with color and make it fun," Thompson said.
Just don't peel and boil them, Thompson advises.
That can cause the blue or red potatoes to lose their color on the inside, and the food product could potentially turn gray. Instead, the potatoes can be steamed in the microwave to retain the color.
Potatoes are high in nutrients such as vitamin C, potassium, fiber and protein, so the vivid varieties can be helpful alternatives when trying to entice children to eat vegetables.
"It's a great vegetable to have, and kids might be more interested in eating them if they're bright and cheery and colorful," Thompson said.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Goal
Export users from one directory and import them into another, without breaking references.
If you are using an IdP which is supported by a native User Sync connector (Azure, Okta, Google GSuite, KeyCloak, OneLogin), you should be using that instead.
Important
The Excel connector is designed to make changes to your user directory based on an input that can be manually edited and transformed.
Always test in a staging or dev environment first to understand the consequences of your operations and prevent any negative impact.
If you have doubts about the process or questions, please do not hesitate to contact us via _URL_
Requirements
 1. SAML SSO 3.5.4 or later or User Sync 1.4.4 or later
 2. Target Directory must by in Read-Write mode
 3. Access to the file system of Jira/ Confluence or wherever you are migrating the users
 4. Following the installation instructions in the Excel Connector User Guide
 5. An admin user in the default internal directory who is not part of the migration
Step 1: Export Users
Export your users from the selected directory following the instructions in this article:
How to Export Users with the Excel Connector
The connector will export every user in the source directory.
Step 2: Modify file to prepare for import to the internal directory
The excel file contains as many lines as users in the directory. Below is one sample line and all the original columns:
Make sure, that all mandatory attributes are present:
 - ATTR_EMAIL
 - ATTR_FULLNAME
Leave the ATTR_NAME field as it as. This is important for migrating the user properly and not breaking any references.
Remove unaffected users
Delete all lines corresponding to users that you don't want to migrate.
It is not really advised to change values in the columns available. While you could add more groups to each user, it's way safer to do that after the migration.
As mentioned in the beginning already:
Don't include the admin user you are logged in with. Once you change the directory position later (see further below), you'd lock yourself out.
Step 3: Import the users again
Use the transformed file to import your users into the target directory following the instructions in this article:
How to Import Users with the Excel Connector
Step 4: Verify the Results, Change Directory Order, Disable Source Directory
If your target directory is already above the directory you've exported the users from, then you should already see the users as member of that directory.
In Jira you'll see that by looking at the Directory column in the user browser:
In Confluence you need to click on the user first and see a list of directories, if in multiple.
The one at the top should be the target directory.
So if the user is still shown under the source directory (the source directory is the first in their Confluence user profile),
move the target directory above it, before you can verify the results.
Everything else should look as before, all the historical references should have been preserved (profile, issues assigned & reported, pages etc.).
This is the point where you can disable the source directory. We advise to not delete it immediately, you should keep it for a bit, just as a precaution.
Step 5: Authentication
Migrating doesn't copy passwords of the users. Most of the times a migration is a preparation to authenticate the users afterwards with SAML,
and no passwords are stored in that case locally either.
You could still set a password for one of the migrated users to login locally, if the target directory allows that.
Usually you migrate to the Jira/ Confluence internal directory where this would work.
The final test requires that you disable the source directory and login with a user, either via SAML or that local password you've set temporarily.
The user should notice no difference to before the migration.
Optional Steps
Once you've migrated the users successfully, you might want to Bulk rename users, also using the Excel Connector.
This would be required, if your usernames need to match the NameID on the IdP you are using for SSO.


text:
What Does a Tree Surgeon do
- Posted by:
- Tree Surgeon Responsibilities
- Posted date:
A tree surgeon has many responsibilities related to tree safety and management, including planting, pruning, felling and offering general treatment to care for and maintain trees. Depending on the services a tree surgeon is offering, they should be proficient with a range of tools, be able to work outside in all weather conditions and be physically fit.
A tree surgeon will offer professional advice on how you should take care of hedges, trees and other vegetation in your property. They have a responsibility for safety and care and can get into a lot of trouble for neglecting or failing to fulfil their responsibilities. Besides having an overgrown hedge on your property, there are a number of worse things that can happen:
- Do you need permission from the council?
- Do you live in a conservation area?
- What is the level of risk to you, neighbours and passersby for tree surgery on your property?
- Are there relevant Tree Preservation Orders (TPO)?
If you ignore any of these things, you might end up in a lot of trouble especially when you break the law. You don't have to hire anybody who owns a chainsaw or claims to be a tree surgeon without the right qualifications. The services might be affordable at first, but they can be very costly in the long run. Therefore, it is advisable to hire a professional tree surgeon to help you determine the right course of action.
It is the responsibility of a tree surgeon to carry out hazard assessments and inspections with the aim of assessing the health of trees and if there are any potential dangers. When tree surveys are conducted, they help a tree surgeon to determine the amount of work that needs to be done, how long will the work take and how will the work affect the public (if applicable). If the tree surgeons are handling private work, the survey will determine what's need to be done, what the client needs, the cost, amount of disruption and estimated time.
Tree felling is considered a dangerous activity as can lead to damages and causalities. It is the tree surgeon's responsibility to ensure that they consider all the factors before they fell a tree. This job is very technical because the equipment to be used and the process of felling the tree should be determined before everything commences. Here are some of the things a tree surgeon must consider before making a final decision:
- The location of the tree
- Where it will fall when it is finally felled?
- The best way of felling the tree?
- The manpower required
- Equipment and tools to be used
Depending on the location, trees that need to be felled might be very challenging and only accumulated knowledge and skills could be of help. Ensure you hire a professional tree surgeon if you need any of the services we have discussed above.


text:
Thala Barivat is a historical site located in Thala Barivat district, about 4 kilometers north of Stung Treng provincial town. To reach the site, travelers must cross the Skong and Mekong rivers. There they will find Preah Kor temple, a brick structure constructed in the late 7th and early 8th centuries during the reign of King Jayavarman I. In front of the temple is a large statue of Preah Kor (sacred bull).
Near Preah Kor statue, there is a 10-meter-square yard where every year the Kuoy hill tribe engages in Veay Khel (armor plate traditional fighting). The four-day games, which are part of a Kuoy festival, are held tow or three weeks before Khmer New Year.
There are many small, ancient temples near Thala Barivat, but most of them, such as Prambuon Lveng temple, Srei temple and Angkor Khmao temple have been heavily damaged over time.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


@article { , title = {Grey sets and greyness}, abstract = {This paper discusses the application of grey numbers for uncertainty representation. It highlights the difference between grey sets and interval-valued fuzzy sets, and investigates the degree of greyness for grey sets. It facilitates the representation of uncertainty not only for elements of a set, but also the set itself as a whole. Our results show that a grey set could be specified for interval-valued fuzzy sets or rough sets under special conditions. With the notion of grey sets and their associated degrees of greyness, various set operations between grey sets are discussed.}, doi = {10.1016/j.ins.2011.09.029}, eissn = {0020-0255}, issn = {0020-0255}, issue = {1}, journal = {Information Sciences}, publicationstatus = {Published}, publisher = {Elsevier}, url = {_URL_ volume = {185}, keyword = {grey sets, fuzzy sets, rough sets}, year = {2012}, author = {Yang, Yingjie and John, Robert} }


1805 Sydney's first commercial dairy
Dr John Harris
Sydney's first commercial dairy was built by Dr John Harris on his Ultimo estate, now an inner suburb. Harris was a naval surgeon and magistrate who became one of the colony's largest landowners. Ultimo's Harris Street is named after him.
In 1793, Harris bought the estate of James Ruse, Australia's first ex-convict farmer, at Parramatta. Over following years he acquired more land, including estates at Ultimo, Drummoyne and Bathurst. By 1800 he owned 315 acres (127 ha) of land and had acquired 431 head of stock.
The Ultimo estate was subdivided in 1859. Until then it remained as farmland, in possession of the Harris family.
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7
$\begingroup$
Is there a straightforward way to write an inverse of UnitDimensions to get the SI unit from dimensions?
For example,
inverseUnitDimensions[{{"LengthUnit", 1}, {"MassUnit", 1}, {"TimeUnit", -2}}]
should return "Newtons".
$\endgroup$
1
 - $\begingroup$ Slightly off-topic: Here's an automatic "unit simplifier" solution: mathematica.stackexchange.com/a/211950/26598: unitSimplify[Quantity[1, "Meters" "Kilograms"/"Seconds"^2], Join[SIbase, SIderived]] returns {Quantity[1, "Newtons"]} as desired. $\endgroup$
 – Roman
 Commented Jul 23 at 9:23
2 Answers 2
8
$\begingroup$
You can use QuantityVariableCanonicalUnit:
QuantityVariableCanonicalUnit[QuantityVariable[
 {{"LengthUnit", 1}, {"MassUnit", 1}, {"TimeUnit", -2}}]]
(* ("Kilograms" "Meters")/("Seconds")^2 *)
Now you need a combination of UnitSimplify and UnitConvert:
QuantityUnit[UnitConvert[UnitSimplify[Quantity[1, %]], "SI"]]
(* "Newtons" *)
$\endgroup$
1
 - $\begingroup$ Thanks. That's just what I hoped for. I wish Wolfram documentation would make better use of "See Also." The first time I saw QuantityVariableCanonicalUnit[] was in your answer. $\endgroup$
 – crabtree
 Commented Jul 22 at 17:34
1
$\begingroup$
Using answer from Domen:
In[16]
si[dimensions_]:=
 UnitSimplify[
 UnitConvert[
 QuantityVariableCanonicalUnit[
 QuantityVariable[dimensions]],
 "SI"]]
si[{{"LengthUnit", 1}, {"MassUnit", 1}, {"TimeUnit", -2}}]
si[{{"ElectricCurrentUnit", 1}, {"TimeUnit", 1}}]
Out[17]= Quantity[1, "Newtons"]
Out[18]= Quantity[1, "Coulombs"]
$\endgroup$
Your Answer
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Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged or ask your own question.


UIDs are arranged in alphabetic order and intervals are arranged in numeric order.
CREATE FUNCTION GTID_NORMALIZE(g LONGTEXT)
RETURNS LONGTEXT
RETURN GTID_SUBTRACT(g, '')|
This function returns the union of two GTID sets.
CREATE FUNCTION GTID_UNION(gtid_set_1 LONGTEXT, gtid_set_2 LONGTEXT)
RETURNS LONGTEXT
 RETURN GTID_NORMALIZE(CONCAT(gtid_set_1, ',', gtid_set_2))|
This function returns the intersection of two GTID sets.
CREATE FUNCTION GTID_INTERSECTION(gtid_set_1 LONGTEXT, gtid_set_2 LONGTEXT)
RETURNS LONGTEXT
 RETURN GTID_SUBTRACT(gtid_set_1, GTID_SUBTRACT(gtid_set_1, gtid_set_2))|
This function returns the symmetric difference between two GTID sets, that is, the GTIDs that exist in gtid_set_1 but not in gtid_set_2, and also the GTIDs that exist in gtid_set_2 but not in gtid_set_1.
CREATE FUNCTION GTID_SYMMETRIC_DIFFERENCE(gtid_set_1 LONGTEXT, gtid_set_2 LONGTEXT)
RETURNS LONGTEXT
 RETURN GTID_SUBTRACT(CONCAT(gtid_set_1, ',', gtid_set_2), GTID_INTERSECTION(gtid_set_1, gtid_set_2))|
This function removes from a GTID set all the GTIDs from a specified origin, and returns the remaining GTIDs, if any. The UUID is the identifier used by the server where the transaction originated, which is normally the server_uuid value.
CREATE FUNCTION GTID_SUBTRACT_UUID(gtid_set LONGTEXT, uuid TEXT)
RETURNS LONGTEXT
 RETURN GTID_SUBTRACT(gtid_set, CONCAT(UUID, ':1-', (1 << 63) - 2))|
This function reverses the previously listed function to return only those GTIDs from the GTID set that originate from the server with the specified identifier (UUID).
CREATE FUNCTION GTID_INTERSECTION_WITH_UUID(gtid_set LONGTEXT, uuid TEXT)
RETURNS LONGTEXT
 RETURN GTID_SUBTRACT(gtid_set, GTID_SUBTRACT_UUID(gtid_set, uuid))|
Example 17.1 Verifying that a replica is up to date
The built-in functions GTID_SUBSET and GTID_SUBTRACT can be used to check that a replica has applied at least every transaction that a source has applied.
To perform this check with GTID_SUBSET, execute the following statement on the replica:
SELECT GTID_SUBSET(source_gtid_executed, replica_gtid_executed)
If this returns 0 (false), some GTIDs in source_gtid_executed are not present in replica_gtid_executed, so the source has applied some transactions that the replica has not applied, and the replica is therefore not up to date.
To perform the check with GTID_SUBTRACT, execute the following statement on the replica:
SELECT GTID_SUBTRACT(source_gtid_executed, replica_gtid_executed)
This statement returns any GTIDs that are in source_gtid_executed but not in replica_gtid_executed. If any GTIDs are returned, the source has applied some transactions that the replica has not applied, and the replica is therefore not up to date.
Example 17.2 Backup and restore scenario
The stored functions GTID_IS_EQUAL, GTID_IS_DISJOINT, and GTID_IS_DISJOINT_UNION could be used to verify backup and restore operations involving multiple databases and servers. In this example scenario, server1 contains database db1, and server2 contains database db2. The goal is to copy database db2 to server1, and the result on server1 should be the union of the two databases. The procedure used is to back up server2 using mysqlpump or mysqldump, then restore this backup on server1.
Provided the backup program's option --set-gtid-purged was set to ON or the default of AUTO, the program's output contains a SET @@GLOBAL.gtid_purged statement which adds the gtid_executed set from server2 to the gtid_purged set on server1. The gtid_purged set contains the GTIDs of all the transactions that have been committed on a server but do not exist in any binary log file on the server. When database db2 is copied to server1, the GTIDs of the transactions committed on server2, which are not in the binary log files on server1, must be added to server1's gtid_purged set to make the set complete.
The stored functions can be used to assist with the following steps in this scenario:
 - Use GTID_IS_EQUAL to verify that the backup operation computed the correct GTID set for the SET @@GLOBAL.gtid_purged statement. On server2, extract that statement from the mysqlpump or mysqldump output, and store the GTID set into a local variable, such as $gtid_purged_set. Then execute the following statement:
 server2> SELECT GTID_IS_EQUAL($gtid_purged_set, @@GLOBAL.gtid_executed);
 If the result is 1, the two GTID sets are equal, and the set has been computed correctly.
 - Use GTID_IS_DISJOINT to verify that the GTID set in the mysqlpump or mysqldump output does not overlap with the gtid_executed set on server1. Having identical GTIDs present on both servers causes errors when copying database db2 to server1. To check, on server1, extract and store the gtid_purged set from the output into a local variable as above, then execute the following statement:
 server1> SELECT GTID_IS_DISJOINT($gtid_purged_set, @@GLOBAL.gtid_executed);
 If the result is 1, there is no overlap between the two GTID sets, so no duplicate GTIDs are present.
 - Use GTID_IS_DISJOINT_UNION to verify that the restore operation resulted in the correct GTID state on server1. Before restoring the backup, on server1, obtain the existing gtid_executed set by executing the following statement:
 server1> SELECT @@GLOBAL.gtid_executed;
 Store the result in a local variable $original_gtid_executed. Also store the gtid_purged set in a local variable as described above. When the backup from server2 has been restored onto server1, execute the following statement to verify the GTID state:
 server1> SELECT GTID_IS_DISJOINT_UNION($original_gtid_executed,
 $gtid_purged_set,
 @@GLOBAL.gtid_executed);
 If the result is 1, the stored function has verified that the original gtid_executed set from server1 ($original_gtid_executed) and the gtid_purged set that was added from server2 ($gtid_purged_set) have no overlap, and also that the updated gtid_executed set on server1 now consists of the previous gtid_executed set from server1 plus the gtid_purged set from server2, which is the desired result. Ensure that this check is carried out before any further transactions take place on server1, otherwise the new transactions in the gtid_executed set cause it to fail.
Example 17.3 Selecting the most up-to-date replica for manual failover
The stored function GTID_UNION could be used to identify the most up-to-date replica from a set of replicas, in order to perform a manual failover operation after a source server has stopped unexpectedly. If some of the replicas are experiencing replication lag, this stored function can be used to compute the most up-to-date replica without waiting for all the replicas to apply their existing relay logs, and therefore to minimize the failover time. The function can return the union of the gtid_executed set on each replica with the set of transactions received by the replica, which is recorded in the Performance Schema table replication_connection_status. You can compare these results to find which replica's record of transactions is the most up-to-date, even if not all of the transactions have been committed yet.
On each replica, compute the complete record of transactions by issuing the following statement:
SELECT GTID_UNION(RECEIVED_TRANSACTION_SET, @@GLOBAL.gtid_executed)
 FROM performance_schema.replication_connection_status
 WHERE channel_name = 'name';
You can then compare the results from each replica to see which one has the most up-to-date record of transactions, and use this replica as the new source.
Example 17.4 Checking for extraneous transactions on a replica
The stored function GTID_SUBTRACT_UUID could be used to check whether a replica has received transactions that did not originate from its designated source


text:
, and biology.
Cause of the Bursting of Peat-hogs.—The curious phenomena of the swelling and bursting of peat-bogs have been studied by Herr Klinge. They generally occur after heavy rains, and are preceded by detonations and earth vibrations. A muddy stream issues from them, of varying fluidity, rolling along lumps of peat. Then the mud hardens and the bog sinks back, forming a funnel-shaped pool. The bogs studied by the author have been mostly on high ground, not in valleys. He believes that the eruptions are not caused either by excessive absorption of moisture or by gas explosions—the theories most readily suggested—but by land-slips, collapses, etc., of ground under the bog, which permit water or liquid mud to enter. This breaks up the bog mechanically, mixes with it and fluidifies it, and produces the outburst at the surface. The limestone formations in Ireland, with their large caverns and masses of water, are naturally subject to these collapses, which, with the vibrations they induce, are more frequent in wet years. The heavy rains preceding the bog eruptions are thus to be regarded as only an indirect cause of them. Herr Klinge supposes that similar eruptions occurred in past geological periods, the Carboniferous, for example, in some cases where fossil tree-stems are found in upright position.


video you already recorded? If you record using some other option and you don't go hit saving produce, it will just be in your clip bin, or you'll have to go open up wherever your recording files are saved directly. So if you have import media, for example, I just hit Capture one there. Now it pops up in the Camp Tasia Recording file. Now you just drag it down here onto the timeline. If you've already recorded a video in it somewhere else, sonority is rendered, then what you can do is hit import media. And for example, let's say I want to go grab a recorded game. I already did. Then what I can do is I can grab, say, this clip right here. I can just drag it in over into the I can get open right here, and it will bring it in. Animals show is a video instead of a Camp Taser recording file. And then when I can do is drag it down here onto the timeline. How it may take a second to render sometimes your audio, so you just want to go ahead and let it do that. And then this is how the normal audio looks on a video. It goes up and down and all around, and then you can edit it from here, and then you can export it into a video. If you want to record the camera, then the recording. The camera comes up the same way as recording the screen. It will pop up, and there's no actual camera connected that this computer right now. But once you record the camera, it will pop up then, and you can bring it down here to edit it also. So that's how you imported video you've already recorded into Camp Tasia Studio so that you can add it and work with the video you've already recorded. 4. Basic editing functions in Camtasia Studio.: here are the basic editing functions in Camp Tasia on Windows, the most basic first step is toe. Have some clip selected in the timeline down here in blue, so you can't edit anything. For example, if I delete this, you can't edit anything if you don't have anything in here. So when you record something, it will automatically pop up in here. Now, if you're trying to edit something else or you deleted by accident, you can always just control Z to undo. Or you can control. Why? To redo you convey. Drag a file down here from the clip bin. Now note that it won't often put it at the very beginning. So if you don't move it over to the beginning, then what you're going to get is a video that starts off black screen for our many seconds between where you put it. So the most basic thing to do is drag your blue selected clips over to the zero point. Once you've got it dragged over to the zero point, then it's easier to work with. The next thing is to understand what each clip is so when you have a screen capture, according in Austin by default, be called something like capture dot t r E C, and this is what you've actually recorded. Now, if you have another track here, if you record the system audio, this will come up is a separate track. Or, if you want to put some images or another video in, you can mix things up with different tracks. Whatever track is on top is the one that will be shown. So if you can see up here, Track two is on top. It's the one that can be shown if I record another track here just very quickly, and I hit record and I go through and do another quick recording. And now it's recording and say is just a couple of seconds I had stopped it. Saving edit. Now this is a new capture file, and what it will do is add it on to the end of what I've already got. So since I don't need the system audio on the bottom, I will delete both of these. So now I have to actual tracks, these air, two different recordings. So right now there's set up so that it's straight, in other words, is just a straight play through their set up concurrently Onley, this one selected, so if it's in gray, it's not selected. If you click on it, then you can select the other one for some editing functions. Like if you're doing the audio, you want to select all your clips, you gonna hold down control and then hit A to select all your clips. If you just want to select multiple clips, you can hit mouse and then hold down control and hit the other clip you want. So say, if you have a bunch of clips and you just want a certain amount, you can select them that way. You can also hold down shift to select all the clips in a row so you don't have to control click manually. So once you've got your clip selected, then you can do various things, like adding in the audio or putting in transitions whatever else you want and I'll show you more about the audio in a minute. For now, I will use the quick audio function to bring the volume up a little more so that you can see a little more drastic change in the volume instead of that flat line, so I just did a basic audio thing to increase the volume on it. So I'll get out of there. So you what you can see is the audio has little ups and downs now, which is good. Your audio is likely to have ups and downs in it, because when you're talking, then there's ups. When you're not talking or there's no sound, then there's downs. So the audio is the key part of getting your clip edited properly. Before I fully move onto that, I'll show you what I mean here by having multiple clips. If you have a clip on top of each other, both of the audio will play. But then the clip that's on top will actually supersede whatever the one on the bottom is. So if you say mess up a part of the video, you can. Actually, just if you mute the audio in this section or if you're not doing audio, can just put it on top to fix it. The easiest thing to do to edit things out is what I'm going to do now to show you with the audio, so the audio is your key tool to editing. Have you seen a movie before? Where they do that? Take three cut and they snapped down the I don't know what it's called, but it snaps down and makes a loud sound to show that they've started filming. The point of doing that is to make a big spike in the audio. That way, you know where to sink the audio on the video up. You don't need to do that in here, but it's the same principle. You use the audio to do the editing on the video. For example, when you start talking often when you record at the beginning, you won't say anything at the very beginning. And you don't want to say anything at the very beginning because you're likely at some point. I've done this plenty of times you start talking before the video's actually rolling. You'll get a word or two in, and then it wont make any sense. So the easiest thing to do is wait a couple seconds while it's recording, and then when you go back and edit, you drag upto where you start talking and the best way determine when you start talking is to use the play button he used to play. But you see Okay, I started talking right there. But it's easy to look at the audio on, see where it goes, up and down to figure out where you started talking. Now my microphone on this is a little bit far away, so the audio's kind of flat years should be a little bit more up and down now, once you've edited out the beginning, So I've zoomed out and you can zoom back in here. What I've actually done is clipped off the first part of the 1st 2nd of this. I clipped it off because in a real video, I wouldn't be talking there and I'd start right where the audio started coming in and you can double check it. You hit control A. To select all your clips. You drag it back to the start, and then what you conduce hit play to make sure that's when you actually started talking. If say, sometimes I'll mess up the very beginning of the videos. A matter of fact, I messed up the beginning of this one. There's no point reshooting another video. What I do is leave kind of a flat silence like this. And then I just go in and edit it upto like right here. Control A to make sure all clips are selected. Dragged back over. Go over here, play and then I start talking as soon as the video roles. So before every video, there's always some silence. Now the same thing will happen. Towards the end of the video, there will be some silence. So what I've done, I grabbed the play cursor that dragged it from the beginning down to the end of the video, and I click. Zoom in here and now this is about in a regular video where the talking would end. But as you can see, there's another clip I put in here, which has its own sound effects. So this works for both the end of a video and putting clips together. What I can do is grab this little arrow, dragged that back, so that trims it out. That terms that silence out. And then I can move this clip over here. I can drag this over to about where I started talking and you want to always check it Well, what you


text:
D.W.'s Guide to Perfect Manners
No summary available.
Do unto Otters: (A Book about Manners)
Mr. Rabbit wonders if he will be able to get along with his new neighbors, who are otters, until he is reminded of the golden rule.
Will Sheila Share?
Nana helps teach her toddler granddaughter to share.
Emily's Sharing and Caring Book
A picture book for toddlers about the importance of sharing and caring.
Time to Say "Please"!
Narrated by a group of friendly mice, an amusing book provides preschoolers with an introduction to manners through helpful demonstrations of when certain words and phrases, such as "excuse me" and "please," are used in social situations.


text:
To summarize the potential risk factors for postlaryngectomy pharyngocutaneous fistula.
Observational studies in the English-language literature about postlaryngectomy pharyngocutaneous fistula from January 1, 1970, to March 31, 2003. Studies were identified through a MEDLINE search with relevant key words; additional studies were identified through references.
We included studies about the site of primary malignancy, type of procedure, and type of closure; studies had to have been based on individual-level data, with a comparison group for each risk factor evaluated.
Data required to calculate the relative risk of fistula associated with commonly reported risk factors were abstracted from the studies, and a meta-analysis using a random-effects approach was performed to estimate a summary relative risk of fistula for each risk factor. The statistical significance of heterogeneity of effects among studies was assessed.
Of 65 studies identified, 26 met the inclusion criteria. Significant risk factors identified in the pooled analysis included postoperative hemoglobin level less than 12.5 g/dL, prior tracheotomy, preoperative radiotherapy, and preoperative radiotherapy and concurrent neck dissection. The degree of heterogeneity of effects among studies was significant for postoperative hemoglobin level, preoperative radiotherapy, concurrent neck dissection, and comorbid illness. The severity of fistula was greater in patients with a history of radiotherapy.
This meta-analysis identified several significant risk factors for postlaryngectomy pharyngocutaneous fistula. The clinical implications of these findings and the potential sources of heterogeneity of effects among studies are discussed.


text:
This Better By Design lesson plan also includes:
- Join to access all included materials
Students utilize the scientific method to determine the effect of control surfaces on a paper glider. They will construct a paper airplane/glider and test its performance to determine the base characteristics of the plane. They will then change one of the control surfaces and compare the results to their base glider in order to determine the cause and effect relationship of the control surfaces.


text:
SAN FRANCISCO – If you want to ferret out uranium's hiding place in contaminated soil, freeze the dirt and zap it with a black light, an environmental scientist reported Tuesday at the American Chemical Society national meeting.
Scientists have long known that uranium salts under ultraviolet light will glow an eerie greenish-yellow in the dark. This phenomenon sent Henri Bequerel down the path that led to his discovery of radioactivity a century ago.
Others since noted a peculiar feature about the UV glow, or fluorescence spectra, of uranium salts: The resolution of the spectral fingerprint becomes sharper as the temperature falls.
Zheming Wang, a staff scientist at the Department of Energy's Pacific Northwest National Laboratory in Richland, Wash., has now dusted the frost off the files, applying a technique called cryogenic fluorescence spectroscopy to uranium in contaminated soil at a former nuclear fuel manufacturing site.
By cooling the sediments to minus 267 degrees Celsius, near the temperature of liquid helium, Wang and colleagues at the PNNL-based W.R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory hit a sample with UV laser on a contaminated sample to coax a uranium fluorescence intensity of more than five times that at room temperature.
What is more, other spectra that were absent at room temperature popped out when frozen, enabling Wang and colleagues to distinguish different forms of uranium from one another, including uranium-carbonate that moves readily underground and is a threat to water supplies.
PNNL is a DOE Office of Science laboratory that solves complex problems in energy, national security, the environment and life sciences by advancing the understanding of physics, chemistry, biology and computation. PNNL employs 4,200 staff, has an annual budget of more than $725 million, and has been managed by Ohio-based Battelle since the lab's inception in 1965.
Last reviewed: By John M. Grohol, Psy.D. on 21 Feb 2009
Published on PsychCentral.com. All rights reserved.


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$ touch dir/{{1..8},{a..p}}
$ tar cJvf file.tar.xz dir/
I would have expected it to be alphabetical. But apparently it's not. What's the formula, here?
share|improve this question
2 Answers 2
up vote 8 down vote accepted
As _USER_ has stated the list is returned to you in a semi-random order via readdir(). I'll just add the following.
The list returned is what I would call the directory order. On older filesystems, the order is often the creation order that the file entries in the directory's table were added. There is of course a caveat to this, when a directory entry is deleted, this entry is then recycled, so any subsequent files that are stored will replace the previous entry, so the order will no longer by based solely on creation time.
On modern filesystems where directory data structures are based on a search tree or hash table, the order is practically unpredictable.
Poking at the files created when you run your touch command reveals the following inodes were assigned.
$ stat --printf="%n -- %i\n" dir/*
dir/1 -- _PHONE_
dir/2 -- _PHONE_
dir/3 -- _PHONE_
dir/4 -- _PHONE_
dir/5 -- _PHONE_
dir/6 -- _PHONE_
dir/7 -- _PHONE_
dir/8 -- _PHONE_
dir/a -- _PHONE_
dir/b -- _PHONE_
dir/c -- _PHONE_
dir/d -- _PHONE_
dir/e -- _PHONE_
dir/f -- _PHONE_
dir/g -- _PHONE_
dir/h -- _PHONE_
dir/i -- _PHONE_
dir/j -- _PHONE_
dir/k -- _PHONE_
dir/l -- _PHONE_
dir/m -- _PHONE_
dir/n -- _PHONE_
dir/o -- _PHONE_
dir/p -- _PHONE_
So we can see that the brace expansion used by touch creates the filenames in alphabetical order and so they're assigned sequential inode numbers when written to the HDD. (That however does not influence the order in the directory.)
Running your tar command multiple times would seem to indicate that there is an order to the list, since running it multiple times yields the same list each time. Here I've run it 100 times and then compared the runs and they're all identical.
$ for i in {1..100};do tar cJvf file.tar.xz dir/ > run${i};done
$ for i in {1..100};do cmp run1 run${i};done
If we strategically delete say dir/e and then add a new file dir/ee we can see that this new file has taken the place that dir/e occupied prior in the directories entries table.
$ rm dir/e
$ touch dir/ee
Now let's keep the output from one of the for loop above, just the 1st one.
$ mv run1 r1A
Now if we re-run the for loop that will run the tar command 100 times again, and compare this second run with the previous one:
$ sdiff r1A run1
dir/ dir/
dir/c dir/c
dir/f dir/f
dir/e | dir/ee
dir/o dir/o
dir/2 dir/2
We notice that dir/ee has taken dir/e's place in the directories table.
share|improve this answer
+1 nicely done sir. – SparKot Mar 18 '14 at 5:19
I think it's filesystem dependent. I can imagine a btree-type filesystem sorting them based on order of file hash or some such (I have a sense the old ReiserFS orders them differently, since that filesystem dynamically creates inodes) – samiam Mar 18 '14 at 7:39
_USER_ - right, this answer claims that the 'directory order' is 'the creation order that the file entries in the directory's table were added' and then it itself shows fragments of the tar file contents showing that this is not true. Many filesystems, including current Linux ext* filesystems, use trees and/or hashes in their directory structures, not simple sequential tables like some older filesystems. – Michał Politowski Mar 18 '14 at 8:44
_USER_ ls -f or ls -U or find -maxdepth 1 – Wumpus Q. Wumbley Mar 18 '14 at 12:27
_USER_ the -f flag comes from ancient Unix. Its purpose was to be fast. It disabled sorting, the skipping of dotfiles, and a few other things. The -U flag is a GNU innovation which allows you to disable sorting without any other side effects. – Wumpus Q. Wumbley Mar 18 '14 at 15:57
readdir() basically. When tar finds out what files are in a directory, it directly asks the kernel for a file listing via opendir() followed by readdir(). readdir() does not return the files in any particular order; the way the files are ordered depends on the file system being used by the Linux kernel.
There, alas, isn't an option for tar to sort files in subdirectories (adding one is left as an exercise for the reader).
share|improve this answer
I was wondering if it retrieves them based on their inode's value? – slm Mar 18 '14 at 4:23
_USER_ The f_op->iterate call that glibc readdir() eventually filters down to via getdents() is mapped to a filesystem specific implementation. I can't see anything at a higher level that reorders the dirent's the fs implementation returns. – Matt Mar 18 '14 at 12:56
_USER_ No, I've never heard of a filesystem where the inode value would have an influence on the directory order. – Gilles Mar 18 '14 at 22:34
Your Answer


zondag 27 februari 2011
Making masks
You need:
 1. white cardboard
 2. rectangular aluminum containers
 3. paint
 4. brushes
 5. scissors
 6. glue
 7. cutting knife
 8. oil pastels
We look at masks from Venice, masks from Africa and the culture of the Incas, Mayans and Aztecs through photos on the internet. We discuss the form of the masks and look for the differences between the African, Venetian and those of the Incas. We look at the position of the eyes, nose and mouth.
Let students choose the style and material they want to use. The aluminium containers are meant for students who want to make an Inca mask, since Incas often used silver or gold. Draw with pencil the shape of the mask and cut it out. Mark the spot where the eyes should be (at half or slightly above or below the half) and cut them out. Draw a nose and cut it partly in order to create some relief. Colour the mask with oil pastels. For an Inca mask: cut the aluminum container, cut the eyes, cut a nose and paste it on, cut a mouth. Paint the mask with tempera, making sure there will be some shiny material to be seen.
Look at each others masks at the end of this lesson and discuss what style or influence you recognize.
Artworks made by students of grade 3
Thanks to Ann de Naegel (Belgium) and her students
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text:
SSC CGL Tier 2 Question Asked 2018 (12 Sep): The second day of the CGL Exam has come to an end and, as usual, we are back with the actual questions which were asked in SSC CGL Tier 2 exam held on 12 September 2019.
This article will carry questions from both the papers i.e., Paper-I: Quantitative Ability and Paper-II: English. SSC CGL Maths Paper was calculative & time-consuming. The level of the English questions was easier in comparison to what students faced in SSC CGL Tier-I (Quant) Paper.
Questions Asked in SSC CGL Tier 2 Exam (12th Sep. 2019)
|SSC CGL Tier 2 Maths Paper Analysis 2018-19|
|SSC CGL Tier 2 English Paper Analysis 2018-19|
Questions asked in Quantitative Abilities Section of SSC CGL Tier 2 Exam
- In an isosceles triangle ABC, AB = AC = 12cm. A line is drawn from A up to a point D on line BC and AD = 8cm. Find the value of CD if BD = 5cm?
- Find the unit digit of (337)339 + (773)775 + (256)257?
- The price of petrol is increased by 19%. If a person wants to increase his expenditure by 12% only, by what per cent should he reduce his consumption?
- In a quadrilateral ABCD, the angle bisectors of B & C meet at point E. If ∠BEC = 56* and ∠A = 49*, find the value of ∠D?
- Find the circumference of the incircle of a triangle with sides 20cm, 21cm and 29cm?
- If the base of a pyramid is an equilateral triangle of side 8 m and the volume of the pyramid is 192 ∠3 cubic meter, then find the height of the pyramid.
- A cylinder having a height of 3/2 m and diameter with a length equal to 1 meter completes 14 revolutions in a minute. Find the area covered by it in one hour.
- In a triangle ABC, the bisectors of angle B and angle C meet at point P. If angle BPC is equal to 117 degrees, find the value of angle A.
- If x+1/16x = 3, then 16x3 + 1/256 x3=?
- In a triangle PQR, the external bisectors of angle Q and angle R are extended to meet at point U. If ∠QPR is equal to 136 degrees, find ∠QUR?
- Speed of a boat in still water is 18 km/hr. Speed of the current is 6 km/hr. If the boat travels 90 km upstream and 90 km downstream, find the total time taken by it?
- A sells an article to B at 20% profit. If CP is increased by 10% and SP is increased by 8%, then find the new profit percentage?
- A prism having a base in form of a triangle with sides 20, 21 and 29 cm has a volume 3150 cm3. Find the total surface area of prism?
- A number x when divided by 27, 20, 18 and 12 leaves a remainder 10 in each case. x is also divisible by 31. What should be added to x to make it a perfect square?
- The ratio of ages of A and B 5 years ago was 4:5. The ratio of their ages 5 years from now is 6:7. If C is 10 years younger than B. Then find the difference in ages of A and C?
- In a quadrilateral ABCD, an incircle touching AB, BC, CD and AD respectively at P, Q, R and S. If ∠ B = 90°, AB = 27, AD = 24 and DR = 6. Then, find the circumference of the circle?
- Find the ratio b/w 3rd proportion of 0.4 and 0.8 and the mean proportion of (a & b)?
- If principal = 7200 and rate = 5% p.a. compounded annually. Find the interest earned in 27/5 years?
- Find the number of factors of 3600?
Questions asked in English Section of SSC CGL Tier Exam 2018 (12 Sept. 2019)
- One who is afraid of height: Acrophobia
- Cultivation and harvesting of grapevine: Viticulture
- Where Eskimos Live: Igloo
- Study of dealing with the science of x-rays: Radiology
- Study of Earth's crust: Geology
- Where medicines are stored: Dispensary
- Living in a society with manners: Etiquette
- Full of beans
- At one's wit's end
- Backseat driver
- Pie in the sky
- In the dark
- Carried out
- Took to heels
Correctly Spelled Word
More from us:
Article on SSC CGL Tier-II (Quant) Exam Analysis: Click Here
Article on SSC CGL Tier-II (English) Exam Analysis||No. of Good attempts, Paper Review & difficulty level: Click Here
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Get to know your users better with Custom Event tracking
A look at the importance of using Google Analytics' custom events - with examples
Google Analytics has many useful features, but one that is often overlooked is custom event tracking. This is unfortunate considering the valuable insights custom events can provide about user behaviour on websites. Ultimately a better understanding of which elements of a website are used the most facilitates the creation of better user experiences.
UXB set-up custom event tracking on all the websites we build. The insights gained help us improve site performance for clients and inform the design and build of future sites.
So why are custom events so important?
Useful scenarios for custom events
Asset downloads
Custom event tracking can be used to monitor how many visitors follow links to document downloads such as forms or brochures. This can be especially useful when combined with goals to monitor conversions where the downloading of a document is a call to action on a webpage.
Clicks on links to social media pages
This not only tells you how useful your users find these social media links overall but also which channel they're most interested in.
Form opens vs. submissions
If you've got a form on your website such as a contact or booking form then it's valuable to understand how many people are submitting the form as a proportion of form opens. This can be done easily with custom events, which can also enable you to track whether users started but didn't complete a form and, if so, at which point they abandon the form. This will enable you to improve your website's forms to reduce abandonment rates.
Use of content filters
Where a section of a website provides a way of filtering content, such as with a drop down list or links to tags, custom events can be used to track how widely used these filters are but also which filters are the most popular. This will give you a better understanding of what content is of most interest to website visitors and may lead you to want to promote certain content outside of the filtered content or change the focus of your content strategy.
Interaction with slideshows
These days slideshows are a widely used feature on websites but how do you know how useful they are to your users without tracking interactions with them? Using custom events it's possible to track usage of slideshow previous, next, and control buttons. Clicks on links within slideshows could also be tracked as well as time spent with the mouse cursor hovered over the slideshow (there's a strong correlation between where a user positions their cursor and where they're looking on the screen).
Get tracking
Custom event tracking in Google Analytics is a powerful tool for understanding website usage. The data which these events provide can be invaluable for improving the user experience of website visitors. Considering how easy it is to track interactions with page widgets using custom events they should be considered an essential part of developing a new website. After all if you can't show how useful an element on a webpage is to your users then what's it doing there?
Configuring custom events requires a degree of technical knowledge and access to a website's source code. Detailed instructions can be found on Google Developers website.
More Insights


text:
Survival and death causes of patients with giant cell arteritis in Western Norway _PHONE_: a retrospective cohort study
Peer reviewed, Journal article
MetadataShow full item record
Original versionBrekke LK, Fevang BTS, Diamantopoulos A, Assmus J, Esperø EL, Gjesdal C. Survival and death causes of patients with giant cell arteritis in Western Norway _PHONE_: a retrospective cohort study. Arthritis Research & Therapy. 2019;21:154 _URL_
Background: Our objective was to determine the survival and causes of death in a large and well-characterized cohort of patients with giant cell arteritis (GCA). Methods: This is a hospital-based, retrospective, observational cohort study including patients diagnosed with GCA in Western Norway during 1972–2012. Patients were identified through computerized hospital records using the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-coding system. Medical records were reviewed. Patients were randomly assigned population controls matched on age, sex, and geography from the Central Population Registry of Norway (CPRN). Date and cause of death were obtained from the Norwegian Cause of Death Registry (NCoDR). The survival was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier methods with the Gehan-Breslow test and the causes of death using cumulative incidence and Cox models for competing risks. Results: We identified 881 cases with a clinical diagnosis of GCA of which 792 fulfilled the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) 1990 classification criteria. Among those fulfilling the ACR criteria, 528 were also biopsy-verified. Cases were matched with 2577 population controls. A total of 490 (56%) GCA patients and 1517 (59%) controls died during the study period. We found no difference in the overall survival of GCA patients compared to controls, p = 0.413. The most frequent underlying causes of death in both groups were diseases of the circulatory system followed by cancer. GCA patients had increased risk of dying of circulatory disease (HR 1.31, 95% CI 1.13–1.51, p < 0.001) but lower risk of dying of cancer (HR 0.56, 95% CI 0.42–0.73, p < 0.001) compared to population controls. Conclusions: We found no difference in the overall survival of GCA patients compared to matched controls, but there were differences in the distribution of underlying death causes.


text:
Take a look to this picture
As you can see there is a relatively intuitive way to map x,y rectangular coordinate system to the hexagonal one.
We may talk about "rect" irregular hexagons ie hexagons inscribed in ellipses or hexagons obtained from regular hexagons scaled in both directions disproportionately (no rotations-shearings).
A rect hexagon can be defined by the height and width of the circumscribing rectangle plus the width of the inscribing one. (W,w,h)
The easiest way to find out the hexagonal index is to partitionate the space as follow:
The rectangle width is w + (W - w)/2 = (w + W)/2, its height is h/2; the width of the green rectangle is (W-w)/2. Is easy to find out where in which rectangle the point falls:
u and v are the reminder coordinates that indicates where the point is whithin the i,j rectangle: Using w we can say if we are in the green area (u < (W-w)/2) or not.
if it is the case we are in the green area we need to know if we are in the upper or lower half of the hexagon: we are in the upper half if i and j are both even or both odd; we are in the lower half otherwise.
In both cases it is usefull to trasform u and v so they vary between 0 and 1:
if we are in the lower half and v < u
if we are in the upper half and (1-v) > u
then we decrement i by one
Now we simply have to decrement j by one if i is odd to see that i is the horizontal hexagon index (column) and the integer part of j/2 is the vertical hexagon index (row)


text:
A correspondent writes to ask about the utterance 'She was very thick with the gardener', encountered in the Hercule Poirot episode, The Halloween Party. 'I looked it up in a dictionary and it seems it's an old-fashioned way of saying "she was very friendly with him". Then I saw another expression, thick as thieves (is it still used?).What I can't really understand is how/why the word thick (usu. 'not thin';'stupid') came to be used in the sense of 'friendly'.
The original sense, in Anglo-Saxon times, is of material extension, where it's regularly opposed to thin, as in a thick wall. Then it came to be applied to density and abundance (thick hedge, thick hair, thick mist...) and size (thickset) and extended to thickness in general (where it's not opposed to thin), as in 'the cover is an inch thick'.
It then generated several figurative senses meaning 'excessive in some disagreeable way', especially in the phrase a bit thick ('indecent' or 'indelicate'). It's the sense of 'density of contact' that led to the figurative sense of being 'close in association' - in other words, being 'intimate' or 'familiar'. It seems to have been a late 18th-century development. And quite a few similes have since emerged, such as as thick as glue, as thick as peas in a shell, and as thick as thieves, some of which have become proverbial.
The idioms are still used a lot, but the use of the single word to mean 'intimate' is certainly old-fashioned now, redolent of P G Wodehouse and Evelyn Waugh.


text:
Coconut waste can be processed into briquettes that can be reused as an alternative fuel that is environmentally friendly. Brickets are blocks of material that can be used as fuel to start and maintain a fire. Kelambir Village, Pantai Labu District, Deli Serdang Regency is one of the villages that has the most coconut plantations and most of the people use coconut plants that grow around it. Kelambir village is known as one of the coconut producing areas, but it has not been used optimally. Therefore, it is necessary to increase understanding and awareness about processing coconut shell brickets through public education in order to increase the value of waste and increase people's income. This training includes the stages of burning, milling/kneading, molding and drying to make charcoal brickets from coconut shells.
Copyrights © 2022


text:
Closes an open object handle.
- hObject [in]
A valid handle to an open object.
If the function succeeds, the return value is nonzero.
If the function fails, the return value is zero. To get extended error information, call GetLastError.
If the application is running under a debugger, the function will throw an exception if it receives either a handle value that is not valid or a pseudo-handle value. This can happen if you close a handle twice, or if you call CloseHandle on a handle returned by the FindFirstFile function instead of calling the FindClose function.
The CloseHandle function closes handles to the following objects:
- Access token
- Communications device
- Console input
- Console screen buffer
- File mapping
- I/O completion port
- Memory resource notification
- Named pipe
- Waitable timer
The documentation for the functions that create these objects indicates that CloseHandle should be used when you are finished with the object, and what happens to pending operations on the object after the handle is closed. In general, CloseHandle invalidates the specified object handle, decrements the object's handle count, and performs object retention checks. After the last handle to an object is closed, the object is removed from the system. For a summary of the creator functions for these objects, see Kernel Objects.
Generally, an application should call CloseHandle once for each handle it opens. It is usually not necessary to call CloseHandle if a function that uses a handle fails with ERROR_INVALID_HANDLE, because this error usually indicates that the handle is already invalidated. However, some functions use ERROR_INVALID_HANDLE to indicate that the object itself is no longer valid. For example, a function that attempts to use a handle to a file on a network might fail with ERROR_INVALID_HANDLE if the network connection is severed, because the file object is no longer available. In this case, the application should close the handle.
If a handle is transacted, all handles bound to a transaction should be closed before the transaction is committed. If a transacted handle was opened by calling CreateFileTransacted with the FILE_FLAG_DELETE_ON_CLOSE flag, the file is not deleted until the application closes the handle and calls CommitTransaction. For more information about transacted objects, see Working With Transactions.
Closing a thread handle does not terminate the associated thread or remove the thread object. Closing a process handle does not terminate the associated process or remove the process object. To remove a thread object, you must terminate the thread, then close all handles to the thread. For more information, see Terminating a Thread. To remove a process object, you must terminate the process, then close all handles to the process. For more information, see Terminating a Process.
Closing a handle to a file mapping can succeed even when there are file views that are still open. For more information, see Closing a File Mapping Object.
Do not use the CloseHandle function to close a socket. Instead, use the closesocket function, which releases all resources associated with the socket including the handle to the socket object. For more information, see Socket Closure.
Windows Phone 8: This API is supported.
For an example, see Taking a Snapshot and Viewing Processes.
Minimum supported client
|Windows 2000 Professional [desktop apps | Windows Store apps]|
Minimum supported server
|Windows 2000 Server [desktop apps | Windows Store apps]|
- Handle and Object Functions
- Kernel Objects
- Object Interface
Build date: 10/26/2012


Forty five of the 80 students were girls. What is the ratio of girls to boys?
Correct answer:
r = 9:7
Step-by-step explanation:
g=45 n=80 b=ng=8045=35 r=g/b=45/35=97=_PHONE_=9:7
We will be pleased if You send us any improvements to this math problem. Thank you!
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Need help to calculate sum, simplify or multiply fractions? Try our fraction calculator.
Check out our ratio calculator.
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present, rubber asphalt is mainly used in broken grading and open grading. The main reason is that the ratio of rubber asphalt to oil is generally too large. The viscosity of asphalt is usually related to the construction and workability of the mixture. The viscosity of ordinary rubberized asphalt is relatively high, and it is not easy to mix evenly. Big. The viscosity of reactive rubber asphalt at 135°C is much lower than that of ordinary rubber asphalt, and it is closer to the viscosity of SBS modified asphalt, which also provides the control of mixing, transportation, paving and rolling of this asphalt mixture. in accordance with. Through the above demonstration, it can be preliminarily considered to introduce reactive rubber-modified asphalt into dense-graded asphalt mixture.
in conclusion
The modification mechanism of rubberized asphalt is a combination of physical and chemical effects. In terms of microscopic morphology, it was found by scanning electron microscopy that the reactive rubber-modified asphalt powder was uniformly dispersed in the asphalt and swelled relatively deeply; Rubber-modified asphalt contains obvious sulfur groups, and the appearance of sulfur groups indicates that the original linear sulfur bond is opened, and the broken linear structure re-forms a network structure in the rubber asphalt. Therefore, the rubber powder of the reactive rubber-modified asphalt is cross-linked with the asphalt, and it is mostly two-dimensional surface without an obvious particle core, and the rubber particles are mostly dispersed into small amorphous substances.
In terms of macroscopic performance, reactive rubber asphalt has lower viscosity and good toughness. However, compared with wet rubber asphalt, this kind of performance characteristic has some losses in elastic performance and high temperature performance. In addition, through SHRP test analysis, the reactive rubber modified asphalt has good fatigue performance and low temperature performance.
At present, rubberized asphalt is mainly used in broken grading and open grading, and the prominent feature is that the ratio of oil to stone of rubberized asphalt is generally too large. The reactive rubber-modified asphalt has the characteristics of low viscosity, which provides a basis for the application of reactive rubber-modified asphalt in dense grading.
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text: At Laser-Laboratorium Gottingen, the performance of UV optical components for high power excimer lasers is characterized, aiming to employ testing procedures that meet industrial conditions, i.e. very high pulse numbers and repetition rates. Measurements include determination of single and multiple pulse damage thresholds, absorption loss and degradation of optical properties under long-term irradiation. Absorption of excimer laser pulses is investigated by a calorimetric technique which provides greatly enhanced sensitivity compared to transmissive measurements. Thus, it allows determining both single and two photon absorption coefficients at intensities of standard excimer lasers. Results of absorption measurements at 248 nm are presented for bare substrates (CaF2, BaF2, z-cut quartz and fused silica). UV calorimetry is also employed to investigate laser induced aging phenomena, e.g. color center formation in fused silica. A separation of transient and cumulative effects as a function of intensity is achieved, giving insight into various loss mechanisms.


text:
Pengaruh Fungisida Berbahan Aktif Tunggal dan Campuran Metiltiofanat dan Karbendazim Terhadap Pertumbuhan Jamur Colletotrichum scovillei Secara In Vitro
The Effect of Concentration of Single Active Ingredients and Mixture of Methylthiofanate and Carbendazim on the Growth Of Mushrooms Colletotrichum scovillei In Vitro
Anthracnose is still the main disease in chili plants, anthracnose in chili peppers can be caused by some of the fungal species Colletotrichum. According to a report obtained from a field survey in 2018 found that Colletotrichum scovillei fungus is a species that infects large chili plants in Bali. An effort to control anthracnose is to use fungicides with active ingredients methylthiofanate and carbendazim. This study aims to determine the appropriate concentration of fungicides with the active ingredients of methylthiofanate, carbendazim and a mixture of methylthiofanate and carbendazim to inhibit the growth of the fungus C. scovillei in vitro. The fungicide inhibition test was carried out using the Poisoned Food Technique. The results showed that the active ingredient fungicide methylthiofanate, carbendazim, a mixture of methylthiofanate and carbendazim at a concentration of 1.5 ml/l effectively inhibited the growth of the fungus C. scovillei in vitro. The results of this study provide information that the tested fungicides are effective in inhibiting the growth of the fungus C. scovillei which causes anthracnose on chili peppers in Bali.


By Mohamad Wael
Posted :
How to configure replication in orientdb?
How to configure replication in orientdb, featured image
Start by downloading orientdb on the servers, where replication is to be configured. It can be gotten from orientdb, or for example by using wget, as in :
$ wget
Next extract orientdb, by using tar, as in tar -xzf orientdb-version.tar.gz, and go into the bin directory of the extracted folder, which is more or less related to orientdb execution, by using the cd command, as in cd orientdb-3.1.10/bin, and execute./.
The script, starts orientdb in distributed mode. The reason that this script is first ran, is for orientdb to generate a password, and a name for each node, where the script is to be ran. Choose meaningful name, as in location1, location2...
| WARNING: FIRST RUN CONFIGURATION |
| This is the first time the server is running. Please type a |
| password of your choice for the 'root' user or leave it blank |
| to auto-generate it. |
| |
| To avoid this message set the environment variable or JVM |
| setting ORIENTDB_ROOT_PASSWORD to the root password to use. |
Root password [BLANK=auto generate it]: ***********
Please confirm the root password: ***********
| This is the first time that the server is running as |
| distributed. Please type the name you want to assign to the |
| current server node. |
| |
| To avoid this message set the environment variable or JVM |
| setting ORIENTDB_NODE_NAME to the server node name to use. |
Node name [BLANK=auto generate it]: development
# You can after that hit ctrl-c to stop
# orientdb, or you can also execute the
# script ./ in orientdb
# bin directory, to shut down
# orientdb.
Orientdb recommends 4 GB of ram, for the distributed mode, but if memory is an issue, it can be configured by editing the script orientdb-version/bin/, for example by using nano and ctrl-w, to search for the memory settings, which should be as follows :
# Excerpt from bin/
# ORIENTDB memory options, default to 4GB of heap.
if [ -z "$ORIENTDB_OPTS_MEMORY" ] ; then
# Xms is the start memory, and Xmx is the
# max memory.
# Replace 4G for example by 512M, which means
# 512 megabytes.
# If using nano, hit ctrl-x, followed by the
# y character, followed by an enter to exit
# editing, and save the done work.
Now it is time to configure nodes' clustering. To do that the OHazelcastPlugin must be configured in config/orientdb-server-config.xml, to specify if it is enabled, and where the default configuration file for distributed database, for example default-distributed-db-config.json is, and where the file used to configure cluster membership and protocol, for example, hazelcast.xml is. The default configuration in orientdb-server-config.xml is sufficient.

To configure the replication protocol, edit orientdb-server-config.xml, for each server.
 xsi:schemaLocation="...>
 false
 2434

The group name and password, are the cluster's name and password. Make sure to change them, and to choose a secure password.
The network is the network protocol to be used. auto-increment is disabled, if enabled and the port specified is already bound, then the next port is tried.
The network protocol can be set to multicast, like if on the local network, or on the same PC, in such a case, nothing is to be configured, just make sure that multicast is enabled, as in, enabled="true". Only one network setting can be enabled, as in tcp-ip or multicast.
If like on different or remote networks, or for any other reasons, the network protocol can be set to tcp-ip. For tcp-ip, you can specify the IP address or host name, with optionally a port number, as in. For each server, that is to be part of the group, just add its details using the member tag.
Having configured the network protocol, it is time to configure database replication, which can be done in default-distributed-db-config.json. This file is copied, and updated as distributed-config.json, to each database folder in orientdb-version/databases.
// The config/default-distributed-db-config.json file.
 "autoDeploy": true,
 "executionMode": "undefined",
 "readQuorum": 1,
 "writeQuorum": "majority",
 "readYourWrites": true,
 "newNodeStrategy": "static",
 "servers": {
 "production": "master"
 "development": "replica",
 "clusters": {
 "internal": {
 "*": {
 "servers": [""]
autoDeploy : Means automatically deploy the database to nodes, which
 do not have it.
executionMode : Default is undefined, to let the client decide.
 If set to Asynchronous, then an operation is first
 executed on the the local node, before being
 replicated.
readQuorum : Number of responses that must be coherent, before
 replying to a read operation.
writeQuorum : Number of responses that must be coherent, before
 replying to a write operation.
 If set to all, means all responses must be coherent,
 if set to majority, this means that n/2 + 1
 responses must be coherent, and if set to 1, it
 is as if it is disabled .
readYourWrites : The write quorum is only satisfied, if the local
 node has responded.
newNodeStrategy : Can be set to static or dynamic, if static a new
 node is registered as static, if dynamic a new
 node is managed as dynamic. When a node is
 unreachable, and the node strategy is dynamic it
 does not count into the quorum.
servers : What is the role of each server, for example the server which
 was given the name of production is a master, and the one
 given the name of development is replica.
 "servers":{"*"":master}, can be used to state that all servers
 are masters.
 More than one master can be configured, a replica server is just a
 replica, it does not count into voting in writeQuorum.
clusters : The term cluster in orientdb, also means a way of grouping
 records of a certain type, or by a specific value.
 A class is orientdb way of modeling, so it is the model, it
 stores its data into records.
 Each class can have multiple clusters, as in to group records
 which it has and which are similar.
 A cluster can be a physical one, as storage on disk, or
 temporal as an in memory cluster.
 So this setting is used to configure clusters.
 As seen, in the provided excerpt the internal cluster is not
 replicated. All other clusters are replicated.
 servers has as a value an array, which is the list of
 servers where cluster records are saved. The special
 value means auto add new nodes. An
 example of using specific node values is :
 ["location1", "location2"].
 Cluster configuration inherits database configuration,
 readQuorum, writeQuorum, readYourWrites, and can
 override them.
 Additionally owner can be used to specify the owner of the
 cluster , as in "owner": "location1", this is called
 static assignment, even if the node is down, a static
 owner is not changed. If not done statically, an owner is
 chosen at runtime dynamically.*/
In the previous example, two nodes were specified, one as being a master, and the second one as being a replica, other configuration options, are explained in the preceding code, as in having all nodes to be masters, which is the default.
That is it for configuring replication using orientdb, the servers can be started using./. Start the replica, after the master.
To check if everything is working correctly, a database can be created as in create database remote:localhost/nameOfDb root thePassword, on the master server, using the console, which can be launched from the bin folder, and using the console in the replica server, and after issuing the command connect remote:localhost/ root thePassword, the command List databases can be run to verify that the created database has been replicated.
If multiple instances of orientdb are run on the same PC, different ports must be configured for each running instance, for example in orientdb-server


Effects of canine breakage on tiger survival, reproduction and human–tiger conflict
Authors
 - Editor: Andrew Kitchener
Correspondence
John M. Goodrich, Wildlife Conservation Society, 2300 Southern Blvd., Bronx, NY 10460, USA. Tel: _PHONE_
Email: _EMAIL_
Abstract
Human–tiger conflict (HTC) fuels tiger population declines through retaliation killing by local people and government-sanctioned removal of problem individuals. This may have significant impacts on population persistence. In tigers and other large felids, broken canines are often assumed to be an infirmity that leads to HTC, but peer-reviewed literature does not support this. Thus, removal of animals with broken canines from the wild may result in unnecessary mortality. We examined data from wild Amur tigers to establish a baseline for degree of canine breakage in wild tigers not involved in conflict (referred to as 'research tigers'), to test for sex and age-related patterns in canine breakage and to estimate the impacts on survival and reproduction. We further compared canine breakage in research tigers to that in tigers captured or killed in HTC situations (HTC; 'conflict tigers'). We detected no difference (P=0.76) in the percentage of tigers with broken canines between the two groups (24% in research tigers vs. 27% in conflict tigers) and no difference between sexes (P=0.84), but the proportion of animals with broken canines increased with age class (P<0.001). We detected no impact of canine breakage on survival or reproduction of research tigers and four research tigresses produced one to three litters each, despite one to three broken canines. Broken canines were considered a significant health issue in 2 of 17 cases, resulting in depredation in one case. Our data support the premise that broken canines do not usually represent a serious health issue and are usually not related to HTC. The assumption that broken canines lead to HTC appears invalid and may result in tigers being unnecessarily removed from the wild by managers. Similar results have been found for lions and the trend may be true for other large cats and carnivores as well.
Ancillary


text:
January 5, 2007
It is snowing hard tonight; the air thick with flakes, thicker even than the white atmosphere inside your average snowglobe. This encircling opacity is typical in winters when the Western states get the cold and the wet and the Eastern states the warm and dry. Blame it on El Nino or the meddling aliens, or the dreaded Global Warming, but cherry trees are blossoming in the Capital, filling their particular globe with a glowing pinkish purple haze. As the cherry trees flower in the sunlight, their snow-weighted hemlock kin bow low in the shadows, nodding their canopies to the East.


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SSL Pinning in Swift
Every Mobile application needs to retrieve information from the server to display it to the user. However, there can be some sensitive information shared between the application and the Server, for example, the username and password of the user.
With iOS 9, Apple provided App Transport Security (ATS), which forces the application to maintain a secure network connection by adopting HTTPS protocol and Transport layer security. This makes the application not communicate with a non-secure (http) connection. However, it is possible to bypass App Transport Security by setting up man-in-the-middle attacks that may use self-signed certificates. In this article, we will discuss how we can implement SSL pinning in iOS applications to secure network connections. We will also cover the basics of Transport Layer Security and man-in-the-middle attacks.
Transport Layer Security
Apple provides us App Transport Security (ATS), which allows us to transmit data over a secure (HTTPS) network by implementing Transport Layer Security (TLS). It enables us for the data sharing over a secure network in the following three steps.
 1. The connection is initiated from the client by sending the payload, which includes the supported version of TLS and cipher suite, which is being used for encryption. The Server sends the selected cipher suites and a digital certificate in the response, which is verified at the client's end whether the digital certificate is authentic or not.
 2. If the digital certificate is verified successfully at the client's end, then it generates a pre-master key encrypted with the Server's public key included in the certificate. The Server uses its private key to decrypt the secret, which is used to generate a master key.
 3. The client and server use plaintext encryption and cipher text decryption by using the private key.
In this process, the client trusts the digital certificate provided by the Server. A certificate works as identity proof for the Server. A certificate is a text file that contains the Server's information and follows X.509 standard. It must be signed by the trusted certificate authority.
Man-In-The-Middle Attack
In a man-in-the-middle attack, the attacker sets up an SSL proxy server to intercept the data being sent by the client to Server. The SSL proxy performs the encryption and decryption between the client and the Server. For example, Charles, which is a proxy server, works between the app and the Server and intercept the data for testing purpose. Charles works in the following phases.
 1. The data is encrypted at the application's end using Charles ProxyCertificate's public key instead of using Server's public key.
 2. Charles decrypts all the data with its private key and communicates with the Server with Server's public key. Here, any developer can read the data which is being sent by the app to Server.
SSL Pinning
SSL Pinning is a technique used in swift to prevent man-in-middle attacks. In this process, the app validates the Server's certificate again after the SSL handshaking. There is a local copy of trustful certificates maintained at the client's end and compare them with the Server's certificates at runtime. The connection is aborted in case if a mismatch between Server's certificates and local copy occurs.
One disadvantage of this technique is, it requires an app update whenever the pinned certificate expires. However, we can also violate this by also pinning future certificates in the application. Instead of pinning the whole certificate, we can use the hashed public key, which will be the same across the future certificates.
SSL Pinning is performed in the following two steps.
 1. The certificate's digital signature is validated first. The app may use any of the embedded root certificates, or we can supply our certificate.
 2. We must test the certificate against the trust policy.
To implement SSL Pinning in the iOS application, we need to have a SecTrust object, which will be prepared with one or more certificates and policy objects. The SecCertificate object is provided by Apple to represent a X.509 certificate. We can retrieve the certificate from a bundle by using the following code.
As we now have a certificate, we can prepare a policy or use a standard basic policy for X.509 certificates. Consider the following code to prepare a policy.
We can also create our policy by calling SecPolicyCreateSSL(_:_: ), which accepts Server (bool) and hostname.
Apple provides SecTrust object to validate both certificates and policies. Implement the following code to validate certificates and policies.
We need to evaluate the SecTrust that we receive during a network call with the policies and compare the certificate with the pinned certificate.
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text:
IRVINE, Calif. (KABC) -- Students at five Irvine high schools are working to build a working miniature satellite that they hope to launch into space next year.
The idea for the program came from two dads who live on the same street in Irvine in October. Brent Freeze and Kain Sosa were hoping to instill their own children and other kids with their same love for the STEM fields - science, technology, engineering and math.
"Trying to do something big in space would help inspire these students, keep them interested in STEM maybe help nurture their development along," Freeze said.
The Irvine CubeSat program was born with help from funding by the Irvine Public School Foundation, as well as some scientists at NASA and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena who are helping with the project on their own time.
If successful, it would be the first time a high-school program west of the Mississippi River successfully puts a CubeSat into space.


How fast can a Beagle run?
 Beagles have been used for hunting from centuries and the reason behind this is not else than their running speed.Later they were being used for gaming purposes like dog race.They have been developed by breeders to be smaller in size and faster in speed.Running speed of a dog varies dog to dog.It also depends upon the condition,previous training,health and the circumstances in which his running speed is being measured.Beagles are also thought to be bred with Greyhounds to improve their running abilities.Average running speed for a Beagle is considered to be around 25-30 mph or 40-48 km/h.
Image Source: Paul Roberts Flickr
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