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Dynamic Membrane Formation in Anaerobic Dynamic Membrane Bioreactors: Role of Extracellular Polymeric Substances.
ABSTRACT: Dynamic membrane (DM) formation in dynamic membrane bioreactors plays an important role in achieving efficient solid-liquid separation. In order to study the contribution of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) to DM formation in anaerobic dynamic membrane bioreactor (AnDMBR) processes, EPS extraction from and re-addition to bulk sludge were carried out in short-term filtration tests. DM formation behaviors could be well simulated by cake filtration model, and sludge with EPS re-addition showed the highest resistance coefficient, followed by sludge after EPS extraction. The DM layers exhibited a higher resistance and a lower porosity for the sludge sample after EPS extraction and for the sludge with EPS re-addition. Particle size of sludge flocs decreased after EPS extraction, and changed little with EPS re-addition, which was confirmed by interaction energy analysis. Further investigations by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) analysis and batch tests suggested that the removal of in-situ EPS stimulated release of soluble EPS, and re-added EPS were present as soluble EPS rather than bound EPS, which thus improved the formation of DM. The present work revealed the role of EPS in anaerobic DM formation, and could facilitate the operation of AnDMBR processes.


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Direct Steam Injection Benefits vs. Steam Sparging
Like the JetCooker™, the sparger heating device relies on the steam from the plant steam supply. Piping from a steam header directs the steam through a steam sparging nozzle that is located in the process fluid pipe. A common sparging nozzle consists of several holes which allow steam to enter the process fluid and heat it to the desired temperature.
An inefficient SpargerSparging Drawbacks
A steam sparging system has several disadvantages when compared to the Jetcooker:
 - Inconsistent steam mixing and heat transfer leading to product inconsistency and wasted energy
 - Nozzle clogging which requires maintenance
 - Steam hammer leading to process equipment failure
 - Imprecise temperature control which translates to higher energy cost
Spargers rely on external modulation by means of a valve to control steam flow and thus process fluid temperature. This type of operation can lead to steam hammer or unit vibration as the steam mixes with the process fluid in the piping or tank. Over time, this can contribute to equipment wear, piping damage and lead to poor performance.
Why Should I Replace My Steam Sparging System?
Replacing a steam sparging system is an investment in a long future of successful heating. By removing product inconsistency, reducing maintenance & eliminating steam hammer, our Hydroheaters have already made your heating process more efficient. But how can you justify this investment in terms of ROI? Learn exactly how much you can save on operating cost and improve your bottom line with our Steam Energy Savings Calculator.
Get a Quote
Instantaneous Steam Mixing in a Hydroheater
Another major difference between the Hydroheater and a steam sparging nozzle can be seen in the mixing process. The Jetcooker utilizes a single nozzle which focuses the incoming steam and accelerates it to a very high velocity (usually sonic velocity) before it comes into contact with the process fluid. This high velocity helps to atomize the steam bubbles and shear the incoming process fluid, which allows for a more complete, efficient heat transfer.
Tank Damage due to a Sparger Closeup of Tank Damage due to a Sparger
Spargers can cause significant damage to your tank walls
Steam Sparging vs. Hydroheaters Comparison Chart
Typical Tank Heating Hydroheater® Tank Heating
With spargers and other less sophisticated direct steam heaters, bubbles form and collapse on tank walls; causing hammer and damage to the tank and peripheral piping. The Hydroheater's patented technology produces steam velocity that mixes steam and water very effectively, eliminating steam hammer from uncondensed steam. This ensures a smooth and efficient heating process.
Spargers inject steam into one area of the tank, causing hot and cold spots. Both spargers & heat exchangers tend to over or under heat and accurate temperature control is difficult.
Hydroheaters precisely modulate the steam - heating to exact temperatures and maintaining uniform heating throughout the tank. Hydroheaters can be used to fill or recirc/trim heat the tank to meet and maintain exact temperatures. Hydroheaters can also heat the discharge on demand, so you only heat the water you need in a single pass.
Sparging causes uncondensed steam bubbles to evaporate to the atmosphere, wasting large amounts of energy. This lost heat/condensate can also corrode peripheral piping, ceilings and structure. This lost steam can cause hazardous mold & other allergens to build in an area. Less steam used: Hydroheaters use less steam than heat exchangers because they don't have a barrier between liquids. Better heat transfer: Hydroheaters transfer 100% of the steam's energy directly to the process fluid so there is no energy loss. Faster start-up: Hydroheaters heat the tanks faster and more efficiently saving cycle or batch time.
Spargers can cause severe hammering and vibration which produces tank and piping damage. Heat exchangers require costly hard water scale maintenance and unwanted down time. Less sophisticated direct steam injection devices often need acid baths and are often high in maintenance needs.
Patented technology to create sonic velocity of steam prevents hard water scale and unwanted down time. Proper sizing of the heaters and internal modulation ensures a smooth heating process so tanks and peripheral pipes are not damaged from hammer and vibration. The heater itself only needs a once a year preventative maintenance check and soft parts change. Wear parts should last up to 3 years with proper operating conditions.
Utilizing less steam, space, time means faster cycle times and less costs associated with heating tanks.
Looking for more information on our products? Head over to our products page.
HTC.logo.white1 01
Hydro-Thermal Corporate
400 Pilot Court
Waukesha, WI 53188 USA
Phone: _PHONE_
Fax: (262) 548- 8908


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In a development that will soon find its way into a variety of offerings, IBM today announced that it has been awarded a patent for a new approach to provisioning virtual machines based on the amount of network bandwidth that is available.
According to Ed Suffern, lead IBM inventor of the Dynamically Provisioning Virtual Machines patent, this new capability will allow IT organizations to identify hot spots where too many virtual machines are congesting network bandwidth. Armed with that information, IT organizations will be able to dynamically provision a virtual machine on a server that has more available network bandwidth.
Part of IBM's overall effort to develop software-defined networking (SDN) technologies, Suffern says the patent being awarded represents IBM's latest effort to allow server, storage, network and virtual machine administrators to work together collaboratively. Suffern says this is critical because the average distributed computing environment is becoming more complex to manage thanks to the rise of virtual machines.
As cloud computing platforms scale out, Suffern says maintaining the delicate balance required across networking, server and storage technologies is becoming a significant challenge. One of IBM's strengths, says Suffern, is that it has engineering resources allocated to each of those segments, which are working together to develop technologies such as dynamic provisioning.
IBM isn't yet identifying where this technology will manifest itself in the cloud or whether it will license the technology to other vendors. The good news is that the patent itself suggests that IT research is starting to take a more horizontal approach in an era when an advance in one sector has frequently wound up creating an imbalance in another.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


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Edit pattern settings in Logic Remote on iPhone
You can edit a variety of settings for the overall pattern, including the pattern length, playback mode, step rate, key and scale.
Edit pattern settings
In Logic Remote, tap the Pattern Settings button in the lower-left corner of the screen, then do any of the following:
To change the pattern length: Tap Pattern Length, then tap a new value.
To change the step rate: Tap Step Rate, then tap a new note value.
To change the playback mode: Tap Playback Mode, then tap a new mode.
To set the Swing value: Tap Swing, tap either 8th or 16th, then set the swing percentage using the slider.
To change the key: Tap Pattern Key, then tap a key, or tap No Transpose.
To change the scale: Tap Scale Quantize, then tap a scale, or tap Off.
To set the MIDI channel for all rows in the pattern: Tap MIDI Channel, then tap to set the channel number using the slider.
To set the automation mode for the pattern: Tap Automation Mode, then tap to select one of the automation modes:
Latch: Sets the automation parameter value to remain constant until a step with a different value is triggered.
Slide: Interpolates between the last set automation parameter value and the next, to produce a smooth, gradual change.
To set all rows in the pattern to use Legato mode: Tap the Legato switch.
When you select Legato mode, a 100% Gate value is increased by one tick so that it overlaps slightly with the following step. When triggering notes on a synthesizer or other software instrument, this ensures that the steps trigger the legato behavior of the instrument.
To reset the pattern: Tap Clear Pattern.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Homeless Management Information System (HMIS)
A Homeless Management Information System (HMIS) is the information system designated by the Continuum of Care to comply with HUD's data collection, management, and reporting standards and used to collect client-level data and data on the provision of housing and services to homeless individuals and families and persons at risk of homelessness.
The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) and other planners and policymakers at the federal, state and local levels use aggregate HMIS data to obtain better information about the extent and nature of homelessness over time. Specifically, an HMIS can be used to produce an unduplicated count of homeless persons, understand patterns of service use, and measure the effectiveness of homeless programs.
Proposed Rule for HMIS Requirements
HUD was required by the HEARTH Act to establish standards related to HMIS, including standards related to encryption of the data collected and the rights of persons receiving services under the McKinney-Vento Act. As a result, HUD published the proposed rule for HMIS Requirements in the Federal Register on December 9, 2011. This proposed rule provides for: 1) uniform technical requirements of HMIS; 2) proper collection of data and maintenance of the database; and 3) confidentiality of the information in the database. The public comment period closed on February 7, 2012.
- HMIS Data Standards (March 2010)
- HMIS Data Standards Comparison Worksheet
- HMIS Summary of Changes from 2004 Notice to 2010 Notice
HMIS Questions should be submitted to OneCPD Ask A Question.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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THIS DAY IN HISTORY: President John F. Kennedy Visits NASA's Launch Operations Center on Space Coast 6 Days Before His Death
By Space Coast Daily // November 16, 2023
November 16, 1963
BREVARD COUNTY, FLORIDA – 60 years ago today, President John F. Kennedy visited NASA's Launch Operations Center in Florida 6 days before his assassination.
The center would be renamed NASA's Kennedy Space Center in his honor less than 2 weeks later.
On 16 November 1963, President Kennedy made a whirlwind visit to Canaveral and Merritt Island, his third visit in 21 months. Administrator Webb, Dr. Debus, and General Davis greeted the President as his Boeing 707 landed.
At launch complex 37 he was briefed on the Saturn program. The President then boarded a helicopter with Debus to view Merritt Island, and flew over the coast line to watch a successful Polaris launching from the nuclear submarine Andrew Jackson.
The next week the President died by an assassin's bullet in Dallas, The new President, Lyndon B. Johnson, announced he was renaming the Cape Canaveral Auxiliary Air Force Base and NASA Launch Operations Center as the John F. Kennedy Space Center. With the support of Governor Farris Bryant of Florida, the President also changed the name of Cape Canaveral to Cape Kennedy. The next day he followed up his statement with Executive Order No. 11129. In this he did not mention a new name for the Cape, but did join the civilian and military installations under one name, thus causing some confusion. To clarify the matter, Administrator Webb issued a NASA directive changing the name of the Launch Operations Center to the "John F. Kennedy Space Center, NASA," and an Air Force general order changed the name of the air base to the "Cape Kennedy Air Force Station." The United States Board of Geographic Names of the Department of the Interior officially accepted the name Cape Kennedy for Cape Canaveral the following year.
People at the Cape seemed to approve the naming of the spaceport as a memorial to President Kennedy. Up to that time, the Launch Operations Center had only the descriptive name. Debus wrote a little later: "The renaming of our facilities to the John F. Kennedy Space Center, NASA, is the result of an Executive Order, but to me it is also fitting recognition to his personal and intense involvement in the National Space Program."
Many in the Brevard area, however, felt that changing the name of Cape Canaveral, one of the oldest place-names in the country, dating back to the earliest days of Spanish exploration, was a mistaken gesture. After a stirring debate in the town council, the city of Cape Canaveral declined to change its name.*


Difference between revisions of "How to move ZCS to another server"
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==Additional Content==
==Additional Content==
There are different methods of moving zcs to another server. Some of them include:
* _URL_
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{{Article Footer|Zimbra Collaboration 8.6, 8.5, 8.0| 28/09/2016}}
Revision as of 10:42, 28 September 2016
How to move ZCS to another server
 KB 23043 Last updated on 2016-09-28
(0 votes)
In this article, we will explain how to move/migrate a zimbra server to another machine.
Both the source and destination zimbra servers must be running the same version. E.g. if source is running 8.6, the installed zimbra on the destination must be also 8.6.
In a nutshell, the solution is: stop zimbra on the source server, make a backup of /opt/zimbra, install new server, stop the old server, set up the new server's networking and hosts config, install software zcs to the new machine, substitute the /opt/zimbra on the new machine with the already made backup from the old machine, fix permissions, run a normal zcs install.
Below are the exact steps that needs to be taken, to complete the migration:
On the old server:
1. # su - zimbra
2. $ zmcontrol stop
3. $ exit
4. Make sure all zimbra services are stopped:
ps aux | grep zimbra
5. Now, you can copy the /opt/zimbra directory to another backup location, and from there to copy it to the destination server later, or you could mount external disc and copy it there, or simply copy it to the destination server (if already installed with the correct OS).
As root user, copy it to the remote machine (rsync can take a while, so before you put any deadline on a project, make sure you first rsync all data beforehand):
rsync -e ssh -axvzKHS /opt/zimbra/
that command will copy /opt/zimbra directory to a remote machine with IP, in the /tmp directory (using ssh). Or, you can copy it to a local mounted disk:
rsync -axvzKHS /opt/zimbra /mnt/zimbra_backup
6. Install a new server, with supported Operating System for the zcs version. The bit level (32-bit vs. 64-bit) or the Operating System build (RHEL 5, RHEL 6, Ubuntu 12, etc.) may be different than the source server.
7. Turn off the old ZCS Server
shutdown -h now
On the new server
1. Set up the new ZCS Server:
 - change the hostname as the old server
 - change the network settings as the old server
 - double check all other network settings work too (e.g. DNS), firewall, SELinux is stopped.
2. Download a version of ZCS on the new server. (The zcs version must be the same as the one on the source server).
3. As root, run the installer with the -s option:
./install.sh -s
That will only install the software packages.
4. When the install.sh -s completes, you can delete the /opt/zimbra directory.
rm -rf /opt/zimbra
5. Now, copy the /opt/zimbra directory backup we made in step 5, to the new server in /opt directory, so that the structure is the same
If you have copied it to a different server, just rsync it to the new server. If you used external disk, mount it and as root rsync your backup to the new location:
6. After to copy has finished, as root run:
/opt/zimbra/libexec/zmfixperms -e -v
7. As root rerun the installer without the -s option:
The installer will detect ZCS already installed, and will ask if you want to upgrade. Select Yes.
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Verified Against: Zimbra Collaboration 8.6, 8.5, 8.0 Date Created: 28/09/2016
Article ID: _URL_ Date Modified: 2016-09-28
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Animal Species:Soldier Crab
The Soldier Crab lives in sandy estuaries and mangroves, and occurs in massive groups that seem to emerge from nowhere all at the same time.
The Soldier Crab is quite distinctive with its small, round, blue body on long jointed legs with purple stripes. As it marches around feeding, it moulds the sand into numerous pellets, sorting through it for organic matter. There is only one other species of soldier crab common in Sydney. This is the smaller Mictyris platycheles.
Soldier Crabs are found from Northern Queensland, New South Wales, to Wilsons Promontory in Victoria. Also, western Indian Ocean to French Polynesia.
Soldier Crabs live on intertidal mangroves, beaches and estuaries.
Other behaviours and adaptations
It is thought that the spontaneous arrival of Soldier Crabs is triggered by the falling tide. If disturbed, they burrow into the sand with a corkscrew motion, disappearing as quickly as they arrived.


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The government has imposed a 17 percent sales tax on supplies to hospitals, has increased the operational cost of hospitals and medical treatment.
Presentation was given by the leading hospitals to the Federal Board of Revenue (FBR) Chairman disclosed that the omission of entry number 52-A from the Sixth Schedule of the Sales Tax Act, 1990 has changed the entire scene of the hospital sector whose supplies are slapped with the levy of sales tax.
The charge of sales tax on supplies to hospitals could increase the operational cost of a hospital and other medical services.
Due to this, the hospitals' representatives explained, the essential supplies to the hospitals including equipment, consumables like syringes, needles, sutures, staples, packaging, tubing, catheters, medical glove, gowns, masks, adhesives, x-ray films, stores/parts, and other devices and tools used in hospitals or surgical environments have become chargeable to sales tax at the standard rate of 17 percent along with further sales tax at the rate of three percent.
Hospitals' representatives said, the private sector covers approximately 70 percent of the population in Pakistan. Private sector healthcare contribution in Pakistan is based on funding through donations, zakat, and charity. While omitting entry number 52-A of the Sixth Schedule, This harmful effect on the healthcare system was somehow overlooked.
Hospitals, therefore, requested to take appropriate measures to restore the position prevailing prior to the referred amendment in Sales Tax Act, 1990 to safeguard the basic rights of the healthcare sector.
The hospitals' representatives explained, that the hospitals as a health service providers for the sales tax purpose are covered under the jurisdiction of provincial sales tax authorities and they are not liable to be registered since the health services are not liable to sales tax in any of the provincial sales tax statutes. So, the charge of sales tax on supplies of equipment and consumables and then payment neither can be adjusted nor refunded and thus will include in cost price.
Source: propakistani.pk on Feb 17, 2022


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Projects per year
Hardware-in-the-loop transmission testing requires precise speed and torque tracking of the actuators that emulate the engine and vehicle dynamics. System-inversion-based feedforward controllers offer a solution, but they do not work for non-minimum-phase systems. Preview filters can provide stable approximate inversion of non-minimum-phase systems, but they require future values, which are not available in hardware-in-the-loop tests. This article develops a simple but effective controller to enable preview filters to provide causal inversion within the frequency range of interest. Causality is achieved by adding manual delays to the measured response signal either in a closed-loop or open-loop configuration, followed by system identification in the frequency domain. The proposed controller was initially validated experimentally for precise speed and torque tracking of uncoupled actuators. Then additional compensators were designed to deal with two dynamometers, which are coupled through a transmission system. The effectiveness of the proposed coupled controllers is demonstrated experimentally by using the dual actuator hardware-in-the-loop transmission test facility and commercially supplied models for the engine, driver and vehicle.
|Number of pages||10|
|Journal||Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part I: Journal of Systems and Control Engineering|
|Publication status||Published - Mar 2013|
1/03/06 → 28/02/09
Project: Research council
Sahinkaya, M. N., Wang, P., & Akehurst, S. (2013). Causal inversion of non-minimum-phase systems for hardware-in-the-loop transmission testing. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part I: Journal of Systems and Control Engineering, 227(3), 298-307. _URL_


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A Cold Water Extraction, or CWE for short, is primarily used to separate tylenol from opiate-based pain-relievers because tylenol is known to be damaging to the liver in large doses, so CWE's are what you use when your doctor is a complete asshole and prescribes you weak pain medication. Opiates dissolve readily in cold water, while tylenol seeps to the bottom.
The CWE process goes as follows:
1. Crush up said pills (Vicodin, Percocets, etc.) into as fine of a powder as possible. You should be doing one CWE for no more than five pills at once.
2. Take about 150mL of water and bring it to a warm temperature--make sure it is not hot or the opiate will be destroyed and your efforts compromised. You should be able to stuck your finger in the water and hold it there comfortably. Think of about the same temperature as a heated pool.
3. Mix the powder in with the warm water and stir.
4. Put the glass in the freezer and let it chill for about 30 minutes.
5. Take it out and filter the water through a coffee filter into an empty glass. What you see in the bottom of the first glass in the freezer when you first take it out is the APAP. If you're doing a CWE, you don't want that, so filter through a coffee filter. Pour carefully and slowly. Make sure you have the coffee filter secured.
6. Lastly, to speed up the process, gently squeeze the coffee filter to empty any remaining water into the glass.
And you're done. The result is a slightly cloudy mixture, but will taste bitter.
Perform a Cold Water Extraction on that shit bro.
The process of extration, commenly used for extracting codeine from other painkillers (paracetamol, ibuprofen) it is usually combined with in legally avaliable pills. it is a fairly simple process however time consuming but necassary to get the nice codeine. i will go into detail but read no further if you've ever recreationally taken any other opiates (morphine, heroin) as codeine is a weak form and won't give you a buzz you'll OD before you get 'there'.
first get yourself some codeine and paracetamol tablets (co-codamol) then boil some water. depending on the strength of the tablets you want to empty around 300mg of codine so calculate howmany pills you need. then pour boiling water over the pills mix them into the water, then allow to cool, preferably in a fridge then filter the water using coffee filters, the liquid left will be diluted coedine without binders or paracetamol. result
'argh mate cold water extraction is effort, but its worth it'
'nah man since i had those morphine based pills codeine just don't work'


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1997-98 UAF Catalog
Degrees and Programs
Course Description Index
College of Science, Engineering and Mathematics
Department of Physics _PHONE_
Minimum Requirements for Degree: 130 credits
Undergraduate Degree Requirements
Applied Physics -- B.S. Degree
- 1. Complete the general university requirements and B.S. degree requirements.
- 2. Complete the following program (major) requirements:
- Complete MATH 200-201-202, 302 and 9 additional credits in mathematics at the 200-level or above.
- *Complete PHYS 213, 311, and 331 and 12 additional credits in physics at the 300-level or above.
- Complete 20 approved credits** in a chosen subject area of applied physics.
- 3. Minimum credits required (130 credits)
- * Implicit in this requirement are 8 credits of lower-division physics courses which are prerequisites for these courses.
- ** These credits must be approved before the beginning of the student's final semester by the head of the Physics Department.
| UAF Home
| UAF Search
| News and Events
Send comments or questions to the
UAF Admissions Office.
Last modified June 9, 1997


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Perambulator or Pram in short, was invented by an English garden architect named William Kent in 1733. Kent was commissioned by the Duke of Devonshire to create a transportation device for his children. The first incarnation was a shell shaped basket on wheels meant to be pulled by a small pony or goat. Real prams appeared in the 1800′s and around 1870 bassinets were added.
Even though the Victorian prams were elegant and beautiful but in reality they were unstable and not very safe. They were often made of wood and held together by expensive brass joints. Not until 1965, the first stroller with aluminum frames was designed by an aeronautical engineer named Owen Maclaren which spurred an industry and evolved into today's modern strollers.


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The average cost of shipping coal by railroad to power plants increased almost 50 percent in the United States from 2001 to 2010, according to the U.S. Energy Information Administration Power Plant Operations Report (EIA-923) and U.S. Surface Transportation Board's Confidential Waybill Sample.
Railroad transport accounts for more than 70 percent of U.S. coal destined to the electric power sector, so changes in rail rates can have an important impact on the cost of coal delivered to power plants, the report said.
"Though they vary significantly, transportation costs accounted for 40 percent of the average overall cost of coal delivered at electric power plants in 2010," it was stated in the report.
On average, nominal U.S. rail rates for shipping coal grew from $11.83 to $17.25 per short ton from 2001 to 2010.
Rates grew slowly in the beginning of the decade before increasing almost 11 percent in 2005, then continuing to grow at a relatively robust pace until the recession, the report said.
"However, the impact of the recession on transportation rates was short-lived as rates grew more than 9 percent in 2010," it said.
National numbers can be misleading, however, as regional dynamics tend to vary considerably among the six major coal basins, the report added.
"For example, Southern Appalachian coal costs increased more than 10 percent annually in 2001-10, while Powder River Basin (PRB) rates grew 1.5 percent over the same period. For a few PRB destination states, rates fell during this period," the report stated. "The wide range in minemouth coal prices and transportation distances across the United States create significant variation in the impact of transportation rates on overall coal costs, with different basins affected to significantly differing degrees."
While rail transportation costs for Appalachian and Illinois Basin coals as a percent of total delivered cost fall in the low 20 percent range, the relatively low commodity cost of PRB coal, and the long distances it travels, results in transportation costs that averaged almost 60 percent of the total delivered cost in 2010—more than the commodity itself, according to the report.
State-level data show further variation in rate changes over 2001-2010. At the high and low ends, Virginia-to-Tennessee rates grew 83 percent, while Wyoming-to-Kansas rates fell 23 percent — a 106 percentage point swing, the report concluded.


What Is Meant By Optimal Temperature For Enzyme Activity?
1 Answers
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Anonymous answered
The optimal temperature of any specific biological enzyme is the temperature at which that specific enzymes works the best. Meaning that the enzyme is only actively working at that designated or given temperature to perform activities within the cell or a chemical reaction.
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150 ppm.
It is important to remember that these calculations are for soluble oxygen content; the total oxygen content which includes both the soluble oxygen and
the oxygen associated with inclusions could be much higher.
For single element deoxidation, the solubility of oxygen in liquid iron at 1600°C (2912°F) is given as a function of the concentration of
the alloying element. In each case, the melt is in equilibrium with the respective pure oxide; e.g. SiO2, Al2O3 etc.
It can be clearly seen that aluminum is the strongest of the common deoxiders followed by titanium. Rare earths are about as strong aluminum as deoxidizers
and will be discussed later in detail.


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One of the component of international CONPRA project is archaeological aerial photography. I participated in flies in Bosnia/Hercegovina few months ago, flight campaign was led by prof. Darja Grosman from Ljubljana University and she has chosen the area of Duvansko Polje (Duvno field) near Tomislavgrad. I would like to thanks her and CONPRA authorities for that chance.
It is quite hard to find better region for the morphology-deterministic landscape studies. Predominantly karstic highlands are decorated with small, enclosed lowlands with fertile soil followed with village settlements. Particularly Duvansko Polje represents this pattern (highland with roads and pastoral enclosures; lowlands rich of soil and water; villages on the fringe of both worlds) quite distinctively – as seen on galleries.
The absence of steam regulation (water corridors) and traditional land use created locall land palimpsest that is no more present in central and eastern Europe affected by huge collectivization agriculture.


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Scorpion Venom – $39,000,000 (N 7.7 Billion) per gallon
The Most Expensive Liquids In The World
Scorpions use their venom to kill or paralyze their prey, and as a defence against predators. Of the thousands of species of scorpion, only 25 have venom that is deadly to humans.
Why the high price? Well, this is simply because the protein in the venom can be used for the treatment of conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease and multiple sclerosis.


3 Reasons Your AC System Is Humming
Posted on: 8 August 2019
Your air conditioning system makes a lot of different noises. You need to pay attention to the different sounds that your system makes. If you notice that the system is making a large humming sound, there is something wrong with your system.
Reason #1: Condenser Fan Motor
One of the major reasons that your air conditioning unit may be humming is because there is something wrong with the condenser fan within the motor. The condenser fan helps keep your air conditioning system cool. The fan is located within the motor and helps keep your motor cool.
When the fan starts to go out the consequence is usually that the fan stops spinning or doesn't spin at the right rate. However, power is still being pumped to the fan, it is just not working.
The humming sound is created by the fan not moving, but still getting a source of power. This can be fixed by replacing the condenser fan. If you wait too long to replace the condenser fan, you could also encounter more serious issues as well.
Reason #2: Mechanical Breakdown
Next, the humming sound could be caused by a mechanical or an electrical breakdown. Generally, this happens when the contactor relay switch doesn't work as it should. This type of failure happens more commonly when the outside temperatures get warm. Contractor relay switch breakdowns usually don't happen when the weather outside is mild or cold.
When the contactor relay switch fails this can cause your machine to emit a humming sound.
Once again, this issue can be fixed by switching out and replacing the faulty equipment.
Reason #3: Something Is Off
Sometimes, the reason for the humming is not that obvious. There may just be something inside of your unit that is not installed correctly. There could be a part that is worn out or loose which is causing the humming. In those types of situations, a contractor would need to take apart your unit until they figure out what is causing the humming and can fix or tighten up that part.
When it comes to a humming sound, you need to be careful. A humming sound coming from your air condition system generally means that something is wrong with either the condenser fan or with the mechanical make-up of the system. If you hear a sound you can't explain, call an air conditioning mechanic to come fix the issue for you.


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It is not just people crossing the ditch – a little New Zealand fern has also emigrated to Australia, and not just once but twice.
This is the first known case amongst ferns or seed plants of the same species dispersing twice across the Tasman Sea.
Hooker's spleenwort fern, or Asplenium hookerianum, is a close relative of the hen & chickens ferns. Hooker's spleenwort is widespread and common in New Zealand, but rare in Australia, with only a few, small populations in each of Victoria and Tasmania.
DNA analyses of the populations of Hooker's spleenwort were carried out by researchers from Te Papa, Massey University, and the University of Melbourne.
26 genetic variants were found in New Zealand, but only one each in Victoria and Tasmania. Not only are the Australian variants at the tips of the genetic family tree, they are more closely related to variants in New Zealand than to each other.
Many plant species are known to have dispersed across the Tasman Sea, in either direction. Numerous New Zealand species also occur in Australia (about 50% in ferns), and more have close relatives there. But, it remains an open question how common multiple dispersals within a species are.


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Century is proud to announce a new artwork in reception by Albanian artist Genti Korini, on loan to us from Beers London Gallery.
Korini's canvases embrace the creative and conceptual traditions of modernism. Deeply informed by the function and process of painting throughout history, Korini creates a distinctly subjective prism that recontextualizes art historical currents, bringing to life a novel manifestation of a celebrated 20th century aesthetic.
The architecture of Korini's native Tirana serves as the visual underpinning of his works, his geometric abstractions recalling these architectural forms where the sharp angles and curved slopes of his formalistic spatial constructions create a mutability that is at once alluring and enigmatic.
Please contact _EMAIL_ for further information.


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Setting $!
EXAMPLE 9 Passing open files to XSes
You would think passing files to an XS is difficult, with all the typeglobs and stuff. Well, it isn't.
Suppose that for some strange reason we need a wrapper around the standard C library function fputs(). This is all we need:
#define PERLIO_NOT_STDIO 0 /* For co-existence with stdio only */
#define PERL_NO_GET_CONTEXT /* This is more efficient */
#include "EXTERN.h"
#include "perl.h"
#include "XSUB.h"
#include <stdio.h>
int
fputs(s, stream)
 char * s
 FILE * stream
The real work is done in the standard typemap.
For more details, see "Co-existence with stdio" in perlapio.
But you lose all the fine stuff done by the perlio layers. This calls the stdio function fputs(), which knows nothing about them.
The standard typemap offers three variants of PerlIO *: InputStream (T_IN), InOutStream (T_INOUT) and OutputStream (T_OUT). A bare PerlIO * is considered a T_INOUT. If it matters in your code (see below for why it might) #define or typedef one of the specific names and use that as the argument or result type in your XS file.
The standard typemap does not contain PerlIO * before perl 5.7, but it has the three stream variants. Using a PerlIO * directly is not backwards compatible unless you provide your own typemap.
For streams coming from perl the main difference is that OutputStream will get the output PerlIO * - which may make a difference on a socket. Like in our example...
For streams being handed to perl a new file handle is created (i.e. a reference to a new glob) and associated with the PerlIO * provided. If the read/write state of the PerlIO * is not correct then you may get errors or warnings from when the file handle is used. So if you opened the PerlIO * as "w" it should really be an OutputStream if open as "r" it should be an InputStream.
Now, suppose you want to use perlio layers in your XS. We'll use the perlio PerlIO_puts() function as an example.
In the C part of the XS file (above the first MODULE line) you have
 #define OutputStream PerlIO *
or
 typedef PerlIO * OutputStream;
And this is the XS code:
int
perlioputs(s, stream)
 char * s
 OutputStream stream
CODE:
 RETVAL = PerlIO_puts(stream, s);
OUTPUT:
 RETVAL
We have to use a CODE section because PerlIO_puts() has the arguments reversed compared to fputs(), and we want to keep the arguments the same.
Wanting to explore this thoroughly, we want to use the stdio fputs() on a PerlIO *. This means we have to ask the perlio system for a stdio FILE *:
int
perliofputs(s, stream)
 char * s
 OutputStream stream
PREINIT:
 FILE *fp = PerlIO_findFILE(stream);
CODE:
 if (fp != (FILE*) 0) {
 RETVAL = fputs(s, fp);
 } else {
 RETVAL = -1;
 }
OUTPUT:
 RETVAL
Note: PerlIO_findFILE() will search the layers for a stdio layer. If it can't find one, it will call PerlIO_exportFILE() to generate a new stdio FILE. Please only call PerlIO_exportFILE() if you want a new FILE. It will generate one on each call and push a new stdio layer. So don't call it repeatedly on the same file. PerlIO_findFILE() will retrieve the stdio layer once it has been generated by PerlIO_exportFILE().
This applies to the perlio system only. For versions before 5.7, PerlIO_exportFILE() is equivalent to PerlIO_findFILE().
Troubleshooting these Examples
As mentioned at the top of this document, if you are having problems with these example extensions, you might see if any of these help you.
See also
For more information, consult perlguts, perlapi, perlxs, perlmod, perlapio, and perlpod
Author
Jeff Okamoto <_EMAIL_>
Reviewed and assisted by Dean Roehrich, Ilya Zakharevich, Andreas Koenig, and Tim Bunce.
PerlIO material contributed by Lupe Christoph, with some clarification by Nick Ing-Simmons.
Changes for h2xs as of Perl 5.8.x by Renee Baecker
This document is now maintained as part of Perl itself.
Last Changed
2020-10-05


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When the color of an opaque sample is measured, the source light hits the surface of the sample and is reflected back from it to the instrument's detector. When the color of a transparent sample is measured, the source light passes through the sample to reach the instrument's detector.
Translucent samples both reflect and transmit light, which is what makes them more complex to measure.Light interactions for an opaque sample (left), transparent sample (center) and translucent sample (right). The specular reflection is shown in white with color shown in yellow.
The color of a transparent sample is typically measured in a transmittance mode (with the sample held between the light source and the detector) using a benchtop sphere instrument, such as a ColorQuest XE, ColorQuest XT, UltraScan PRO, or UltraScan VIS. This method is recommended as the most scientifically sound one.
But what if the need to measure a transparent sample arises and you only have access to a spectrophotometer with a 45°/0° or 0°/45° geometry (such as a ColorFlex 45/0 or LabScan XE)? Do you need to buy a new instrument in order to read these samples? Not necessarily.
While not the optimal method, these samples can be measured in reflectance with a white backing, a method which uses a reflectance-only instrument to measure the sample as in the picture shown below.
Light interactions for a transparent sample measured in reflectance
Back the sample with a constant white backing such as an extra white tile or, for liquids, white disk. The source light passes through the sample. The sample absorbs the wavelengths of light that it normally does, passing the rest of the light to the white backing. That light reflects off the white backing and returns through the sample to the instrument's detector. This method can also be used for the measurement of translucent samples such as those shown below. Please note that a consistent path length, or thickness, of sample should be established and used when measuring a particular type of sample.
As an example, a tinted glass sample was measured twice on a ColorQuest XE, the first time in Total Transmittance (TTRAN) mode, and the second time in Reflectance Specular-Included (RSIN) mode backed with a white tile. As you can see from the software screen shown below, the TTRAN measurement is lighter (higher L*) and less saturated (lower a* and b*) than the RSIN measurement, but the shapes of the two spectral curves are identical. As long as all samples of this type that are measured in reflectance are backed with the same white backing, the measurements can be used and compared in assessing color.
(See attached pdf file for the complete article with illustrations and screenshots)
Do you still need more information? Submit a ticket and our support team member will reach out to you soon!


text:
Famers In Bugisu Sub-region Can't Differentiate Genuine And Counterfeit Agro-inputs
By Melanie Aanyu
Research by the Anti-Counterfeit Network Africa has revealed that 72 percent of the farmers within the Bugisu sub-region cannot differentiate between genuine and counterfeit agro-inputs.
The study conducted in March and April 2022 was driven by common narratives about farmers' experiences with fertilizers, seeds, and other agricultural inputs.
The survey also revealed that 71 percent of the farmers who acquired the counterfeit products, especially seeds, bought them from mobile shops or vans as opposed to permanent suppliers.
According to Ronnet Atukunda from Makerere Business School and lead researcher, to test the quality of agricultural inputs, researchers focused on seeds and on fertilizer in the districts of Mbale and Sironko.
She said key among their findings was that the vast majority of fertilizers and seed samples were substandard which led to losses by farmers.
Hussein Kaguje, a small-scale farmer in Mbale city says that the increasing agro input counterfeits on the market have affected their yields. He says this is caused by the failure of farmers to differentiate between the fake and genuine.
Samuel Khauka, the Acting Mbale City Agriculture Officer says that the input dealers aim at maximizing profits and don't mind about the health of the consumers. He notes that most of the counterfeits are seen in livestock feeds, fertilizers, and chemicals which would translate into poor performance of crops and animal products.


text:
The first sound film that was made in Mexico was "Santa", recorded in 1931 and that starred a beautiful actress who would become a diva of the Golden CinemaIn addition to leaving a great legacy in the industry, it lived more than 100 years and is remembered with great affection by its public.
Lupita Tovar, whose real name was Guadalupe Natalia Tovar, was born in Matías Romero, Oaxaca, on July 27, 1910, although she was Mexican, she was nationalized as an American, this because it was the country in which started his artistic career when he was under 20 years old.
He starred in "Santa", the first sound film in Mexico
She was discovered by documentary director Robert Flaherty in 1929, who took her to Hollywood, where she began her film career, first acting in small roles in silent films. His most important works include "The Will of the Dead", the first film spoken in Spanish in the United States; "Dracula", Hispanic version of the original film and "Santa", considered as the first soundtrack in Mexico.
With "Santa"She established herself as an actress, as Saúl Rodríguez, a critic of the International Film & Arts Association said," was not only the first national film to use sound, but also at a time when it was even proposed to separate men and women in movie theaters, he dared to address the subject of a woman in love with a military man who becomes a prostitute because of his disappointment in love ".
In 1932 The goods she met in Paris who would become her husband, the artistic representative Paul Kohner, a few years later, the actress made the decision to retire from the cinema after the birth of his children, who followed in his footsteps in the industry. Susan Kohner is an actress and was nominated for an Oscar in 1959, and Pancho Kohner dedicated his life to television production.
The last film in which he participated was "The Crime Doctor's Courage", released in 1945. In his filmography there are more than 15 films, most of them filmed in Hollywood. Next to Maria Felix, Dolores del Río, Blanca Estela Pavón, Katy Jurado and Lilia Prado, is considered one of the highest representatives of the Golden Age of Mexican Cinema.
In 2001, Lupita He was awarded the Ariel de Oro for his outstanding career. In 2006, he was honored by the American Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences for his contribution to the film industry. who.
In 2001, his niece made a documentary produced by the Filmoteca of the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), entitled "Lupita Tovar, almost a century of cinema and history ".
Lupita Tovar died at 106 years old
The bella Lupita Tovar He finally passed away on November 12, 2016, at the age of 106, from cardiovascular disease while at his home in Los Angeles, California. According to his niece, Lucy Tovar, who was also an actress, her aunt had been in poor health and her situation was complicated.
The goods She is also the grandmother of American producers Chris and Paul Weitz, famous for such films as "Antz," "The Nutty Professor II: The Klump Family," and "American Pie," among others.


IoT-Based Remote Patient Monitoring System to Measure Vital Body Signs
IoT Based Remote Patient Monitoring System
When we are talking about major vital signs of a human body, there are four major parameters that we need to be aware of, they are body temperature, heart rate, breath rate, blood pressure, and due to COVID, oxygen saturation has become a major parameter that we need to be aware of. In this tutorial, we will be making a simple Arduino Nano 33 IoT-based device with multiple sensors. The device can measure some vital parameters of the human body. The device will be like a DIY multi-para monitor that you see in ICUs, a lot simpler and made of cheap sensors not meant for actual medical use. We will be using the new Arduino Nano 33 IOT for this purpose and we will try to make this device as simple as possible.

In our previous article, we have also built an IoT Based Raspberry Pi Heartbeat monitoring system, you can also check that out if you are interested. In this article, we will build a complete IoT based health monitoring system that can measure and monitor all vital parameters of the human body. So, let's get started.

Components Required for our Remote Patient Monitoring System
The components required for the project are very simple and can be found in a local hobby store. To build this particular health monitoring system using IoT, you will need the following components.
 - Arduino Nano 33 IOT
 - MLX90614 (Digital Non-Contact Infrared Thermometer)
 - AD8232 (Heart Rate Monitor)
 - MAX30100 (Pulse Oximeter and Heart-Rate Sensor)
 - Audio (optional)
 - Perfboard
 - Jumper Wires.

Arduino Nano 33 IoT
Arduino Nano 33 IoT is a relatively new Arduino board, and we will talk a bit about it. It is a direct upgrade to the original Arduino Nano, and currently available on the Arduino Store. It is cheaper than an original Arduino Nano, but the Nano is widely available at much cheaper rates as a clone. So, should you buy this new board when you could get a clone of the earlier generation? Are the upgrades worth it?

To be honest, it depends on your requirements. If you want to prototype with Wi-Fi and BT with some sensors in a compact form factor, it's recommended to go for it. From this standpoint, buying all the items separately and interfacing them is going to probably cost you more time and money than the Nano 33 IoT.

So, what upgrades does the new board have? Lots! The original Nano had no sensors, no connectivity, nothing. In contrast, the upgraded Nano 33 IoT packs a lot of features and power in the very same form factor.

 - The board's main processor is a low-power Arm Cortex-M0 32-bit SAMD21.

 - Wi-Fi 2.4G and Bluetooth connectivity is provided by the U-Blox NINA-W102 low-power chipset.

 - The Wi-Fi / BT module antenna is made in the form of a metal fitting, protected from anti-vibration by a drop of thermal glue.

 - Microchip ATECC608A crypto chip ensures secure communication, 6 axis IMU LSM6DS3
Arduino Nano 33 IoT

MAX30100 - Pulse Oximeter and Heart-Rate Sensor
The MAX30100 is also a Microchip based sensor module. It uses a concept called PhotoPlethysmography to measure vital stats, and as output, it gives a PPG graph. It works as shown in the figure below.
MAX30100 Sensor
As you can see, an IR/Red/Green LED shines on the subject's finger. Depending on the heartbeats, oxygen diffusion in the blood, and a few other parameters, the value or rate of absorption of the incident wave changes. By identifying these alterations, we can determine the oxygen level.
The transmitted wave is then measured by a receiver which gives a voltage signal depending on the amount of light received. When light travels through biological tissues, it is absorbed by bones, skin pigments, and both venous and arterial blood. Since light is more strongly absorbed by blood than the surrounding tissues, the changes in blood flow can be detected by PPG sensors as changes in the intensity of light.
The voltage signal from PPG is proportional to the quantity of blood flowing through the blood vessels. Even small changes in blood volume can be detected using this method, though it cannot be used to quantify the amount of blood. A PPG signal has several components including volumetric changes in arterial blood which is associated with cardiac activity, variations in venous blood volume which modulates the PPG signal, a DC component showing the tissues' optical property, and subtle energy changes in the body.
The MAX30100 sensor has an IR and red LED. Generally, heart rate and SPO2 parameters are measured, we will try measuring an additional parameter - HRV or heart rate variability.

MLX90614 - Body Temperature Sensor
The MLX90614 body temperature sensor is from Melexis, which uses IR technology to measure the body temperature of a person. Commonly referred to as pyrometry, this sensor is like a single pixel thermal camera but has a very small range of less than 3 cm. Also, like other IR devices, the sensor reading error increases with the distance between the subject and the sensor. The image of the sensor is given below.
MLX90614 Body Temperature Sensor

AD8232 ECG Sensor
AD8232 ECG Sensor
The AD8232 is a simple heart rate sensor that can be charted as an ECG. ECG stands for electrocardiogram. This sensor outputs its signal as an analog signal. The 3.5mm jack is used for biomedical pad connection.

Analog MIC Module
Analog MIC Module
This is a simple sensor that records audio amplitude and outputs them as analog variations. This is useful in measuring respiratory signals but it requires a lot of signal processing and filtering. Hence, it will be covered in a separate blog. Beware, there are a lot of modules that do not feature an analog output (generally called clap sensors). They can identify sounds above a particular amplitude but are not useful beyond that.

128X64 OLED Display
We will be using a 1.3" OLED I2C display for this project. There are a lot of generic ones in the market, so it might be possible that your OLED might be a bit different from mine. The Uglib2 library that we will be using has support for almost every display you can come across, so it's very simple to interface any OLED display with this library.
128X64 OLED Display

Circuit diagram for Remote Patient Monitoring System
The complete schematic diagram to build the Remote Health Monitoring System is shown below.
Remote Patient Monitoring System Circuit Diagram
The schematic above shows all the necessary connections with the Arduino Nano 33 IoT. The two types of sensors used are analog (mic, OLED display, and AD8232) and I2C (mlx90614 and MAX3010X). The Arduino Nano 33 IoT pins used are:
 - A0 – Analog output of ECG module AD8232
 - A1 – Analog output of mic module
 - A4 – SDA
 - A5 – SCL

While working with the sensor and this board, you need to keep some things in mind. The working voltage in the above schematic is 3V3, as the ECG module operates at 3V3 and we don't want unnecessary voltage conversions. The resistors used in the above schematic are 4.7k. They should suffice even for the 3V3 working voltage. We will not be using the extra pins LO+, LO- or SDN Pin to reduce unnecessary complexity since this project already has many sensors working together. You can refer to the SparkFun ECG blog for their usage. The MLX90614 is available as a sensor or a sensor module. If you use the bare sensor, you will have to pull up the SCL and SDA lines as done in the schematic. Also, check which MLX90614 sensor series you are buying as there are many variants available, based on power input, type, etc. as shown below.

After assembling the board according to the schematic, the board looks like the image below. For convenience, I developed a simple GP board for this project as there were too many modules to the interface, and working on multiple projects using a single breadboard is difficult. It is also useful to have a GP board for the microcontrollers you use frequently to save time and unnecessary rework in projects using sensors you have already interfaced with before.
Remote Patient Monitoring System
I would recommend that you place the MLX90614 and MAX3010X sensors such that they coincide and you can cover both of them together with a single finger at the same time. As for the coding part, I will try my best to explain it concisely.

Arduino Code to Measure and Monitor Vital Signs
The complete code to build the human body visual signal detector is shown below, but before proceeding to the code, we need to install the required libraries, and you can find almost all of those necessary libraries in the Arduino board manager and we will install the libraries from there, we need to install the following libraries.
 - Arduino SAMD boards
 - Arduino_LSM6DS3 or Sparkfun LSM6DS3 Breakout (for


text:
Australia's Transport Safety Bureau has issued a safety advisory notice to all helicopter operators conducting overwater operations. The notice advises the importance of frequent helicopter underwater escape training (HUET) for aircrew and regular passengers to increase survivability of an in-water accident.
The notice was issued as a result of the TSB's initial investigation into the fatal collision with water of an Airbus Helicopters EC135 on March 14. While one pilot survived, the other was unable to escape from the helicopter. Examination of the aircraft operator's records revealed the deceased pilot, who was recently employed by the operator, had not undertaken a HUET course for nine years.
"Research of accidents into water has shown that occupants who survive the initial impact will likely have to make an in-water or underwater escape, as helicopters usually rapidly roll inverted post-impact," the ATSB said. "The research has also shown that drowning is the primary cause of death following a helicopter accident into water."
A HUET course is considered to provide individuals with familiarity with the crash environment and confidence in their ability to cope with emergency situations. The ATSB said that interviews with survivors from helicopter accidents requiring underwater escape frequently mention they considered that HUET had been very important in their survival. "Training provided reflex conditioning, a behavioral pattern to follow, reduced confusion, and reduced panic."
Notwithstanding, the ATSB emphasized that the investigation is continuing and it is too soon to draw final conclusions.


A sexy bra is compared to as best friend to women because it is the first layer of clothing to skin. If you are a woman who focuses on your appearance, you shouldn't ignore the appeal of your breasts. And wearing a sexy bra is really a fundamental step of the usb ports. Why should women wear bras? What are the benefits that people can get from putting them on? Many women may have thought of this kind of question before. It is not an arduous question to respond to actually. And all women can realize how helpful the bra is from the daily wearing experience.
1. Wearing a bra enables women to relocate more comfortably freely. Wearing a bra can help to eliminate the along shocks that bodies of females suffer from walking, doing sports and also other fierce movements by holding of the breast tissue. All sides' force might be balanced around of the breast tissue when a woman placed on a fitting bra. If one side of breasts is dispersed beneath a force, a bra will give you a good protection on their behalf closely, then women can take proper different occasions comfortably. Moreover, your skin layer around breasts of ladies is very sensitive, particularly the skin round the nipples. Wearing a bra is additionally effective to prevent the intense friction to your skin of ladies from the clothing they may be wearing directly.
2. Wearing a bra keeps a nice shape for women to draw in the men. When a woman wears a bra, her feminine elegance could be shown completely. Curvaceous beauty from women can attract men's attention and praise on their behalf naturally. Can you visualize that there is nothing to pushup the beautiful chests just like a sexy bra? What will be the biggest difference between a man and the female then?
3. Wearing a bra make women stay healthy and also be away from breast illness. When women support their breasts with bras, the circulation of the chest gets smooth. It also helps in order to avoid the blocking of breast the circulation of blood. In this way, the growth and resistance of of the breast tissue can be strengthened. So wearing a bra is really important for the fitness of breasts.
4. Wearing a bra can stay away from the sagging of breasts too. Wearing a bra is likely to accumulate fat deposits and raise the elasticity to your skin of ladies so that breasts of which can take care of the shape and grow gathered and firm. It is recognized to all that gravity will bring about breasts droop. As time goes by, the drooping is are often more and more serious. Want to improve this example? Sexy bras might have their great contribution to women.


Echoing server information such as user IP, current date etc using SSI
Another common and practical usage of SSI is to display basic information about your server or your visitors, such as the last modified date of the webpage, current server time, visitor IP address etc. These are all tasks that client side languages such as JavaScript cannot accomplish, but can be done using the _TAG_ command of SSI.. Here's a quick overview of some of variables you can use with SSI's _TAG_ to display useful information:
DATE_GMT The current server date, in Greenwich mean time. Format using _TAG_.
DATE_LOCAL The current server date. Format using _TAG_.
DOCUMENT_NAME The file name of the current document.
DOCUMENT_URI The virtual path of the current document.
LAST_MODIFIED The last modified date of the document. Format using _TAG_.
HTTP_REFERER URL of the document the client derived from to get to current document.
REMOTE_ADDR IP address of the visitor.
_TAG_ Command to display last modified date/time of a document or file on the server. Format using _TAG_.
_TAG_ Command to display file size of a document or file. Format using _TAG_.
To echo something using SSI, the syntax is:
Lets see how to use these variables exactly.
Echo current server date and time
To display the current server date and time, use either the "DATE_GMT" or "DATE_LOCAL" variable. In its simplest form:
Output: Saturday, 28-Nov-2015 18:35:38 MST
Not bad eh for one simple line of code.
Echo last modified date of current document or file
It's very useful at times to show the last modified date of a web page:
This document last modified:
Output: This document last modified: Tuesday, 12-May-2015 10:07:21 MDT
Echo last modified date of any document or file
You can also display the last modified date of any document or file on your server besides the present, by using another command called _TAG_ instead of _TAG_:
greenday.mp3 last modified:
Index page last modified:
Sample output: greenday.mp3 last modified Thursday, 06-Jan-2005 05:35:27 EST.
Echoing visitor IP address
This is also a commonly requested question and answerhow to display the user's IP address:
Your IP:
Output: Your IP:
Displaying file size of a document
Finally, you can display the file size of any document on your server using _TAG_, by using a different command called _TAG_.
This document's file size:
The file size of main index page:
Sample output: This document's file size: 8.4K
Interesting Uses of SSI
The interesting thing to note about using the output commands of SSI is that they can be embedded anywhere inside your HTML source, even in unexpected places to do interesting things. For example, you can use SSI echo to populate a JavaScript variable with the visitor's IP address, then continue to use JavaScript to react accordingly:


text:
ADDING IN TELLAGMI/CHATTERPIX TO YOUR GOOGLE SLIDES PRESENTATION
Creating a tellagmi or chatterpix
To SPICE UP your Google Slideshow you can create a Tellagami or Chatterpix to add in.
INSERTING TELLAGMI OR CHATTERPIX INTO SLIDES
1. Save the video from either application to your camera roll
2. Upload the video to your Google Drive
3. Rename the video: YOUR LAST NAME, DESCRIPTION (Sloan, Lincoln Chatterpix)
4. Move the video to the Google Folder shared with you (Homeroom Teacher, SS Videos)
5. Go to the Google Shared Folder and find your video. Select "GET LINK". This will automatically copy the link to your iPad.
You may either insert the link as text or link the video to an image in your slideshow.


text:
Labor Income Dynamics at Business-Cycle Frequencies: Implications for Portfolio Choice
A large recent literature has focused on multiperiod portfolio choice with labor income, and while the models are elaborate along several dimensions, they all assume that the joint distribution of shocks to labor income and asset returns is i.i.d.. Calibrating this joint distribution to U.S. data, these papers obtain three results not found empirically for U.S. households: young agents choose a higher stock allocation than old agents; young agents choose a higher stock allocation when poor than when rich; and, young agents always hold some stock. This paper asks whether allowing the conditional joint distribution to depend on the business cycle can allow the model to generate equity holdings that better match those of U.S. households, while keeping the unconditional distribution the same as in the data. Calibrating the business-cycle variation in the first two moments of labor income growth to U.S. data leads to large reductions in stock holdings by young agents with low wealth-income ratios. The reductions are so large that young, poor agents now hold less stock than both young, rich agents and old agents, and also hold no stock a large fraction of the time. Our results suggest that the predictability of labor-income growth at a business-cycle frequency plays an important role in a young agent's decision-making about her portfolio's stock holding.


text:
A student-led research team is working with Amazon to advance use cases for machine learning within the cloud for wireless communication applications.
The Virginia Tech National Security Institute is collaborating with Amazon Web Services (AWS) to give 11 undergraduate students and a graduate research assistant experience deploying state-of-the-art machine learning algorithms in the cloud for distributed radio frequency spectrum sensing through the Emerging Technology Research Fellowship. The fellowship aims to improve the performance of radio frequency spectrum sensing algorithms by leveraging multiple sensors collaborating through the cloud.
The fellowship expands on the Amazon-Virginia Tech Initiative for Efficient and Robust Machine Learning that began in 2022 under the direction of the Sanghani Center for Artificial Intelligence and Data Analytics.
Read full story here.


text:
What was the population of old Rome?
roughly 450,000 inhabitants
That peoples the city of ancient Rome with roughly 450,000 inhabitants, within the known population and density range of pre-industrial and modern urban centres.
What was the highest population of ancient Rome?
During the 1st and 2nd centuries, the Roman Empire had a population estimated in the range of 59 to 76 million. The population likely peaked just before the Antonine Plague. Harper provides an estimate of a population of 75 million and a population density of about 20 people per square kilometre during its peak.
Who made up 1/3 of the population of Rome?
As many as 1 in 3 of the population in Italy or 1 in 5 across the empire were slaves and upon this foundation of forced labour was built the entire edifice of the Roman state.
Did ancient Rome have a large population?
By these estimates the entire population of the Roman Empire — and not just its male population — was somewhere around 4 million to 5 million people by the end of the first century B.C.
What was the population of Rome in 79 AD?
The population of the city at that time was 460,000. If the death-rate given by Jerome continued for seven days in Rome in A.D. 79, more fatalities would have occurred than the total for the whole year in the London plague.
What was the population of Rome in 100 AD?
In 100 A.D., Rome boasted a population of over 1,000,000 permanent residents; Alexandria was perhaps between 500,000 and 750,000. The cities of Antioch, Ephesus and Carthage had populations on the order of 350,000 to 500,000 residents. There were many more cities in the eastern provinces boasting large populations.
What was Rome's population at its peak?
It was, at the time, the largest city in the world. Estimates of its peak population range from 450,000 to over 3.5 million people with estimates of 1 to 2 million being most popular with historians.
How big was old Rome?
Ancient Rome was the largest city in antiquity between the first century BC and second century AD, perhaps reaching 1,000,000 inhabitants. No city was as large until the Industrial Revolution, and we get a sense of the size of the city with the Aurelianic wall circuit, twelve miles long, encircling 3000 acres.
What was the population of Rome at its peak?
How much of Rome is original?
Many people assume that most of ancient Rome has been excavated, but in fact, experts estimate that the actual number is closer to 10 percent.
Who was the oldest Roman to live?
Tiberius was born in Rome in 42 BC. His father was the politician Tiberius Claudius Nero and his mother was Livia Drusilla, who would eventually divorce his father, and marry the future-emperor Augustus in 38 BC.
How crowded was ancient Rome?
At its peak, the Roman Empire stretched across Europe, North Africa and Asia and was home to more than 45 million people. At the Empire's center was Rome. Rome was one of the largest and most carefully planned cities in the ancient world. It had gleaming white marble temples and palaces.
When did Rome reach 1million?
The FIRST city to reach a population of 1 million people – Rome, Italy in 133 B.C.
Are there any Roman people left?
There are undoubtedly many Italians alive today who are directly descended from people who lived in Italy during the Roman era, but most (if not all) of them will have at least some admixture from other European peoples too.


text:
EBHB received funding from the North Valley Community Foundation (NVCF) through the Aaron Rodgers NorCal Recovery Fund to coordinate planning and programming to reduce youth and adult trauma through an increase in sports and physical activity as post-disaster intervention strategies.
The following were the overall project goals and objectives:
Goal 1: Build Healthy Community Initiatives through collaboration and an integrated approach to increase physical activity as an intervention to reduce youth and adult trauma post-disaster.
Goal 2: Implement place-based recovery strategies to facilitate increasing sports, recreation, play, physical activity and create health-enhancing community infrastructure.
Objective 1: Create a Health, Wellness, Physical Activity Task Force comprised of stakeholders in health and wellness, education and sports to build healthy community initiatives addressing long-term recovery.
Objective 2: Identify/coordinate needs, goals, and activities of regional stakeholders in health, education, and youth sports to address trauma reduction post-Camp Fire.
Objective 3: Develop an implementation plan for supporting models and space for healthy communities, including sports and physical activity as post disaster interventions.
The Health, Wellness, and Physical Activity Task Force was formed in August 2019. The Task Force was comprised of stakeholders in health and wellness, education and sports to build healthy community initiatives addressing long-term recovery.
Overview of Task Force:
- 16 different organizations
- 40 individuals participating in meetings
- As word of Task Force and purpose spread, new individuals and organizations have joined
- Three Task Force meetings –
- August 28, 2019,
- October 15, 2019,
- January 15, 2020 – agreed to continue meeting.
One of the goals was to develop an implementation plan for supporting models and space for healthy communities, including sports and physical activity as post disaster interventions.
The Task Force recommended that EBHB assume a leadership role in a public awareness campaign with common messaging around the role of physical activity as a vehicle for trauma reduction. The Public Awareness Campaign would also highlight the 8 Plays from Project Play.
The Task Force embraces the National Recreation and Park ProgramRX for Play/Parks and recommended implementation.
The following diagram represents the work of the Task Force.


How to customize a JBoss EAP 6 / WildFly Domain using Properties
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This article shows how you can customize a JBoss EAP 6 / WildFly running in domain mode using System properties.
It is assumed, when you choose the domain mode configuration that you plan to organize an homogeneous group of servers which are grouped in a Server Group and bound to a specific Profile. Nevertheless it is quite common that each server requires one or more specific settings. For example, you might need to choose a different datasource setting on each server of your domain. Another common requirement is to use a fixed port on every server of your domain.
Let's see how to achieve both examples.
Example 1: We have the following datasource definition in our domain:
<datasource jndi-name="java:jboss/datasources/MySQLDS" pool-name="MySQLDS" enabled="true" use-java-context="true">
 <connection-url>${connection-url}</connection-url>
 <driver>mysql</driver>
 <security>
 <user-name>mysql</user-name>
 <password>mysql</password>
 </security>
</datasource>
The connection URL has been set as a property. Where can we define the value for the System property ? The most specific way, is in the single servers definition (host.xml):
<servers>
 <server name="server-one" group="main-server-group">
 <system-properties>
 <property name="connection-url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/myapp" boot-time="true"/>
 </system-properties>
 </server>
 . . .
</servers>
Properties can also be specified at host level (host.xml), which means that all servers which are controlled by a Host Controller will share that property:
<host name="master" xmlns="urn:jboss:domain:2.2">
 <system-properties>
 <property name="connection-url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/myapp" boot-time="true"/>
 </system-properties>
. . .
</host>
You can also set the System property also at Server Group level (domain.xml), which means that all Server Groups of a Domain will share that property:
 <servers>
 <server name="server-one" group="main-server-group">
 <system-properties>
 <property name="connection-url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/myapp" boot-time="false"/>
 </system-properties>
 </server>
. . .
</servers>
For the sake of completeness, we will mention that Properties can also be set at domain level (domain.xml). For example:
<domain xmlns="urn:jboss:domain:2.2">
 <extensions>
. . . .
 </extensions>
 <system-properties>
 <property name="connection-url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/myapp" boot-time="true"/>
 </system-properties>
 . . . .
</domain>
The purpose of setting boot-time=true is to ensure the value is set at JVM launch (like setting with -D parameter), not waiting for management operations to execute
With all these possible choices, it can happen that a Property is defined at multiple levels. So which one will be actually used by your configuration or applications ? basically the most specific configuration overrides the one which is more generic. So the Server configuration overrides any other configuration, the Host configuration overrides the Server Group and Domain and son on. The following picture depicts the order of precedence when a Property is defined at multiple levels:
jboss wildfly domain system property
Example 2:
Another common scenario is to provide a specific port on each server of your domain. You can do it automatically using the port-offset attribute however this requires that each single port of your bindings will shift by that offset. Let's say you want to use a port offset of 100 units in your domain but use port 8888 and 8889 for server-one and server-two ?
In your socket-binding you can simply include a property value as port and set fixed-port to true:
<socket-binding-group name="full-sockets" default-interface="public">
 <socket-binding name="http" port="${jboss.http.port}" fixed-port="true"/>
 . . .
</socket-binding-group>
Then you can set the System Property at server level as shown in the following example, taken from the host.xml file of the Domain configuration:
<servers>
 <server name="server-one" group="main-server-group">
 <system-properties>
 <property name="jboss.http.port" value="8888" boot-time="true"/>
 </system-properties>
 </server>
 <server name="server-two" group="main-server-group" auto-start="true">
 <system-properties>
 <property name="jboss.http.port" value="8889" boot-time="true"/>
 </system-properties>
 <socket-bindings port-offset="100"/>
 </server>
</servers>

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text:
During the transition to chip, customers are being told to swipe their card as they normally would and follow the prompts. If the terminal is chip-enabled, it will prompt them to insert it instead. If you have chip-enabled terminals and you see that your customer has a chip card, you can tell them to insert their card for a chip transaction. These basic steps will help your customers pay successfully in your store:
- The customer should insert their card with chip toward terminal, facing up. The chip card should not be removed until the customer is prompted.
- The customer will provide their signature or PIN as prompted by the terminal. Some transactions may not require either.
- When the terminal says the transaction is complete, the customer can remove their card.
- If the customer has questions, remind them to follow the prompts on the terminal and leave their card inserted until prompted to remove.


text:
The Sporting Edge UK Altitude Training equipment, ranges from the Cloud 9 personal mask based kit, to Altitude Rooms and 'fully climatic' Environmental Chambers.
- This is the personal/home use equipment of our range which is suitable to be used with a mask (exercise) or an Altitude Tent (sleeping or exercise). The air from the Cloud 9 is ideal for breathing direct once connected to the reservoir/silencer bag, it produces 'altitude' air ideal for altitude training regimes.
- The LT is powered from a standard power socket and is controlled by the same touch screen application which is used in our larger systems. It includes sensors to monitor Oxygen, Temperature, Humidity and Carbon Dioxide. These are ideal for the altitude bedroom, house or a small commercial gym set up. This form of altitude training elicits a greater 'buy in' from the participant due to the removal of the mask element.
Standard Altitude Room
- Our Altitude Rooms can be created from a room using near standard building techniques and comprise an air compressor, an air separation unit and a touch screen controller. As with the LT system all Oxygen, Temperature, Humidity and Carbon Dioxide readings are monitored and displayed. These systems can range up to 1650m.cu size rooms.
Environmental Rooms & Chambers
- The Environmental range of rooms and chambers are fully integrated into a touch screen application, offering one touch 'pre-set' destinations. The pre-sets will comprise of a combination of temperature, humidity and altitude. Depending on the extremes of the conditions required, determines the construction of the room from one comprising near standard building techniques to a fully insulated cold room incorporating a lobby and service hatch.


Quick start for Internal Event Tracking
In an effort to provide a more efficient, scalable, and unified tracking API, GitLab is deprecating existing RedisHLL and Snowplow tracking. Instead, we're implementing a new track_event (Backend) and trackEvent(Frontend) method. With this approach, we can update both RedisHLL counters and send Snowplow events without worrying about the underlying implementation.
In order to instrument your code with Internal Events Tracking you need to do three things:
 1. Define an event
 2. Define one or more metrics
 3. Trigger the event
Defining event and metrics
To create event and/or metric definitions, use the internal_events generator from the gitlab directory:
ruby scripts/internal_events/cli.rb
This CLI will help you create the correct defintion files based on your specific use-case, then provide code examples for instrumentation and testing.
Events should be named in the format of <action>_<target_of_action>_<where/when>, valid examples are create_ci_build or click_previous_blame_on_blob_page.
Trigger events
Triggering an event and thereby updating a metric is slightly different on backend and frontend. Refer to the relevant section below.
Backend tracking
To trigger an event, call the track_internal_event method from the Gitlab::InternalEventsTracking module with the desired arguments:
include Gitlab::InternalEventsTracking
track_internal_event(
 "create_ci_build",
 user: user,
 namespace: namespace,
 project: project
)
This method automatically increments all RedisHLL metrics relating to the event create_ci_build, and sends a corresponding Snowplow event with all named arguments and standard context (SaaS only). In addition, the name of the class triggering the event is saved in the category property of the Snowplow event.
If you have defined a metric with a unique property such as unique: project.id it is required that you provide the project argument.
It is encouraged to fill out as many of user, namespace and project as possible as it increases the data quality and make it easier to define metrics in the future.
If a project but no namespace is provided, the project.namespace is used as the namespace for the event.
In some cases you might want to specify the category manually or provide none at all. To do that, you can call the InternalEvents.track_event method directly instead of using the module.
In case when a feature is enabled through multiple namespaces and its required to track why the feature is enabled, it is possible to pass an optional feature_enabled_by_namespace_ids parameter with an array of namespace ids.
track_internal_event(
 ...
 feature_enabled_by_namespace_ids: [namespace_one.id, namespace_two.id]
)
Additional properties
Additional properties can be passed when tracking events. They can be used to save additional data related to given event. It is possible to send a maximum of three additional properties with keys label (string), property (string) and value(numeric).
Additional properties are passed by including the additional_properties hash in the #track_event call:
track_internal_event(
 "create_ci_build",
 user: user,
 additional_properties: {
 label: 'scheduled',
 value: 20
 }
)
Controller and API helpers
There is a helper module ProductAnalyticsTracking for controllers you can use to track internal events for particular controller actions by calling #track_internal_event:
class Projects::PipelinesController < Projects::ApplicationController
 include ProductAnalyticsTracking
 track_internal_event :charts, name: 'visit_charts_on_ci_cd_pipelines', conditions: -> { should_track_ci_cd_pipelines? }
 def charts
 ...
 end
 private
 def should_track_ci_cd_pipelines?
 params[:chart].blank? || params[:chart] == 'pipelines'
 end
end
You need to add these two methods to the controller body, so that the helper can get the current project and namespace for the event:
 private
 def tracking_namespace_source
 project.namespace
 end
 def tracking_project_source
 project
 end
Also, there is an API helper:
track_event(
 event_name,
 user: current_user,
 namespace_id: namespace_id,
 project_id: project_id
)
Frontend tracking
Any frontend tracking call automatically passes the values user.id, namespace.id, and project.id from the current context of the page.
If you need to pass any further properties, such as extra, context, label, property, and value, you can use the deprecated snowplow implementation. In this case, let us know about your specific use-case in our feedback issue for Internal Events.
Vue components
In Vue components, tracking can be done with Vue mixin.
To implement Vue component tracking:
 1. Import the InternalEvents library and call the mixin method:
 import { InternalEvents } from '~/tracking';
 const trackingMixin = InternalEvents.mixin();

 2. Use the mixin in the component:
 export default {
 mixins: [trackingMixin],

 data() {
 return {
 expanded: false,
 };
 },
 };

 3. Call the trackEvent method. Tracking options can be passed as the second parameter:
 this.trackEvent('click_previous_blame_on_blob_page');

 Or use the trackEvent method in the template:
 <template>

 <button data-testid="toggle" @click="toggle">Toggle</button>

Hello world!

 <button @click="trackEvent('click_previous_blame_on_blob_page')">Track another event</button>

 </template>

Raw JavaScript
For tracking events directly from arbitrary frontend JavaScript code, a module for raw JavaScript is provided. This can be used outside of a component context where the Mixin cannot be utilized.
import { InternalEvents } from '~/tracking';
InternalEvents.trackEvent('click_previous_blame_on_blob_page');
Data-event attribute
This attribute ensures that if we want to track GitLab internal events for a button, we do not need to write JavaScript code on Click handler. Instead, we can just add a data-event-tracking attribute with event value and it should work. This can also be used with HAML views.
 <gl-button
 data-event-tracking="click_previous_blame_on_blob_page"
 >
 Click Me
 </gl-button>
Haml
= render Pajamas::ButtonComponent.new(button_options: { class: 'js-settings-toggle', data: { event_tracking: 'click_previous_blame_on_blob_page' }}) do
Internal events on render
Sometimes we want to send internal events when the component is rendered or loaded. In these cases, we can add the data-event-tracking-load="true" attribute:
= render Pajamas::ButtonComponent.new(button_options: { data: { event_tracking_load: 'true', event_tracking: 'click_previous_blame_on_blob_page' } }) do
 = _("New project")
Additional properties
Additional properties can be passed when tracking events. They can be used to save additional data related to given event. It is possible to send a maximum of three additional properties with keys label (string), property (string) and value(numeric).
For Vue Mixin:
 this.trackEvent('click_view_runners_button', {
 label: 'group_runner_form',
 property: dynamicPropertyVar,
 value: 20
 });
For raw JavaScript:
 InternalEvents.trackEvent('click_view_runners_button', {
 label: 'group_runner_form',
 property: dynamicPropertyVar,
 value: 20
 });
For data-event attributes:
 <gl-button
 data-event-tracking="click_view_runners_button"
 data-event-label="group_runner_form"
 :data-event-property=dynamicPropertyVar
 >
 Click Me
 </gl-button>
For Haml:
= render Pajamas::ButtonComponent.new(button_options: { class: 'js-settings-toggle', data: { event_tracking: 'action', event_label: 'group_runner_form', event_property: dynamic_property_var, event_value: 2 }}) do
Frontend testing
If you are using the trackEvent method in any of your code, whether it is in raw JavaScript or a Vue component, you can use the useMockInternalEventsTracking helper method to assert if trackEvent is called.
For example, if


FANDOM
Deltoptychius is an extinct species of cartaliginous fish related to the modern chimaeras. It lived in the Carboniferous period of present-day Europe.
Although it emerged over 300 million years ago, Deltoptychius was similar in appearance to modern-day chimaeras, possessing a long, whip-like tail and large, wing-like pectoral fins that it probably used to glide through the water. Deltoptychius's large eyes allowed it to hunt in deep waters, crushing shellfish between solid tooth plates in its mouth.
GalleryEdit
ReferencesEdit


IRS Continuing Education Providers
Continuing education (CE) providers wishing to provide CE to enrolled agents and enrolled retirement plan agents must be approved by the IRS. Upon approval, the provider will obtain a Provider Number.
In addition, each program (course) offered by the provider must be submitted to the IRS and assigned an approved Program Number. You may not offer programs until you receive your program number.
You can obtain both numbers by following these steps:
 1. Review the Revenue Procedure PDF and Standards for Becoming an Approved CE Provider PDF (Revised 07/30/15) to ensure your organization and your programs meet IRS standards for approval.
 2. Gather your information before filling out the application.
 3. Apply online or submit Form 8498 PDF.
 4. Pay the annual fee (Currently $460). NOTE: this fee is nonrefundable.
Upon approval you will receive:
 1. A single provider number that is associated with your organization. The provider number will be the first five digits in each of your program numbers.
 2. A program number PDF for each program (course).
 3. A welcome letter that lists the numbers and explains your obligations as a provider.
 4. A logo that you can use to indicate that you are an "IRS Approved Continuing Education Provider."
 5. Instructions for reporting attendance to the IRS.
 6. Your organization's name, web address and phone number listed on the IRS CE Provider Public Listing, if requested.
After you are approved and have received program numbers, you must do the following:
(as outlined in Revenue Procedure 2012-12 PDF)
 1. Provide a voluntary evaluation form for program attendees (see a sample evaluation form PDF).
 2. Provide a certificate of completion that includes the associated program number (see a sample certificate of completion PDF).
 3. Maintain records of attendees for four years, by preparer tax identification number (PTIN), first and last name, and hours completed by program.
 4. Report attendance data to the IRS.
 5. Add new programs throughout the calendar year (if applicable) using your online CE Provider account.
 6. Renew your provider status each calendar year.
 7. Obtain new Program Numbers each calendar year.
Application Assistance
Return to CE webpage


text:
Surface heating in relation to air temperature, wind and turbulence in an urban street canyon
Artikel i vetenskaplig tidskrift, 2007
Wind and temperature measurements from within and above a deep urban canyon (height/width = 2.1) were used to examine the thermal structure of air within the canyon, exchange of heat with the overlying atmosphere, and the possible impacts of surface heating on within-canyon air flow. Measurements were made over a range of seasons and primarily analysed for sunny days. This allowed the study of temperature differences between opposing canyon walls and between wall and air of more than 15 degrees C in summer. The wall temperature patterns follow those of incoming solar radiation loading with a secondary daytime effect from the longwave exchange between the walls. In winter, the canyon walls receive little direct solar radiation, and temperature differences are largely due to anthropogenic heating of the building interiors. Cool air from aloft and heated air from canyon walls is shown to circulate within the canyon under cross-canyon flow. Roofs and some portions of walls heat up rapidly on clear days and have a large influence on heat fluxes and the temperature field. The magnitude and direction of the measured turbulent heat flux also depend strongly on the direction of flow relative to surface heating. However, these spatial differences are smoothed by the shear layer at the canyon top. Buoyancy effects from the heated walls were not seen to have as large an impact on the measured flow field as has been shown in numerical experiments. At night canyon walls are shown to be the source of positive sensible heat fluxes. The measurements show that materials and their location, as well as geometry, play a role in regulating the heat exchange between the urban surface and atmosphere.


text:
Campaign against the Ecopop initiative
Enigma the communication agency has been mandated by various institutions to elaborate a campaign against the Ecopop initiative.
The initiative Ecopop, on which the Swiss people voted on 30 November 2014, required a punchy campaign, because its content was shocking.
The initiative claimed to preserve Switzerland's natural resources; its actual aim was to address the country's natural population growth. It proposed to reduce Switzerland's immigration limit to 0.2 percent, or 16,000 people per year (this number would be insufficient to cover the economic needs of the small Jura region). This initiative wanted to return to the population density of the 1930s. Action had to be taken against the underlying racist ideology masquerading under the guise of ecological concern. With its cute and attractive name, this initiative could seduce a large part of the population.
All political parties officially opposed the initiative, and the number of proponents appeared small, but we desperately needed to avoid the "David v. Goliath" effect: a media campaign against the initiative could serve to make it look attractive. Its negative effects needed to be immediately apparent, and its seductive spell had to be broken. We couldn't let the initiators speak directly, nor could our campaign become a forum for those favoring the initiative. We really had to use all possible means to highlight the ridiculous nature of this proposal.
In order to raise maximum awareness among voters, we decided to maximize discussion forums, since the Zero Moment of Truth is different for each person. We created a billboard campaign, advertisements in the press, content amplification, and a number of online videos.
We ran a 2-step billboard campaign.
This began with a teaser, which showed shocking texts without naming a purpose or a source.
The texts were directly inspired by the initiative, and showed its significant and negative impact on the economy, the population, and Switzerland in general.
In order to reveal the initiative's real aims, the following texts were used:
- a text showing the initiative's deeply racist agenda
- a text showing its extreme economic impracticality
- a text showing its impossible demographic implementation
The campaign's second step acted as a revealer: it unmasked the initiative's identity and exposed its scope and ridicule.
We added the following baseline: «If this were a joke, it would be bad enough.» Without mocking it directly, we emphasized the ridiculous nature of the text, and the gravity of the initiative.
To further show the absurd and deceptive nature of the initiative, we used an old-fashion design that echoed multiple references, among them charlatanism and 1950s ad design (since the initiative referred to 1950s-erapopulation). The design referenced charlatans that promised the earth and were entirely disconnected from reality. Such people caused more problems than they solved. We thus revealed the gravity of the initiative from a different perspective.
We wrote an article posted on the FER website (Federation of Enterprises from Western Switzerland), that gave five reasons to vote against Ecopop. Headlines and images were A/B tested in order to optimize the click rate. With an amplification system that offered the article on three major online news outlets, we redirected new readers to this article and provided them a fresh perspective on the initiative.
We showed how the Swiss political scene was united against this initiative with videos of individual politicians, such as Pierre Maudet, Robert Cramer, and Céline Amaudruz.
We made their statement more dynamic and didactic by limiting it to thirty seconds. The videos were broadcasted on YouTube, and explained the real and serious consequences of the initiative for Switzerland. Robert Cramer offered an ecological perspective, Pierre Maudet an economic one, and Céline Amaudruz voiced the UDC party's perspective.
On 30 November 2014, the initiative was rejected by more than 74 percent of voters in Switzerland and almost at 79% in Geneva. YouTube videos totaled more than 215,000 views within one month, and debates were very animated on the platform.
Without giving a public forum to the initiators, and by multiplying the arguments against this proposal, we managed to send the message that resulted in a substantial victory for the "no" campaign.


text:
- Point Arena Library
The Coast Community Library in Point Arena welcomes ACR's Dr. Quinton Martins, who will provide an update on the research results of Living with Lions, ACR's mountain lion research and education project. Free. For more information, please call the library at _PHONE_
Quinton Martins, Ph.D., is the Director of Living with Lions, ACR's community conservation project focused on the North Bay's mountain lion population. Dr. Martins is the former founder and CEO of the Cape Leopard Trust, a successful predator conservation NGO based in South Africa. He has over 25 years of field experience having worked in wilderness areas throughout much of Africa, Saudi Arabia and the USA. From specialist safari guiding, leading a scorpion collecting expedition for the Smithsonian Institution in the desert of Namibia, to mist-netting birds in central African rainforests, Quinton turned to studying predators in 2003. He completed his Ph.D., "The Ecology of Leopards in the Cederberg Mountains, South Africa" through the University of Bristol, U.K. in 2010 and is considered a leading expert on large carnivores. You can support ACR's Living with Lions project and other important research and public outreach programs by donating or becoming a member of ACR here.
The event will be held at:
The Point Arena Library
225 Main Street
Point Arena, CA 95468
Click here for more information on ACR's Living With Lions.