Published September 14, 2020
Effects of Statues on Commercial Relationships
Written By: Mountain Lawyers
Statutes are laws made by parliament, which can affect commercial relationships in several ways. These include:
Making contracts and/or contract clauses void or illegal;
Imposing terms & obligations on parties; and
Forming grounds to sue & transferring the rights to those grounds to third parties.
Contracts and/or Contractual Provisions Void or Illegal
Depending on the type of statute, contracts can be void, illegal or certain provisions within a contract can be deemed void.
Void Contracts
General principles – void contracts:
 1. Arise out of a failure to satisfy requirements contained in a statute;
 2. are usually unenforceable;
 3. do not have to be illegal to be void;[1] and
 4. usually do not allow you to make a claim against the person who breached the contract.
Example: Statutes can set pre-requirements which have to be fulfilled before a contract comes into force. If the requirements have not been satisfied, the contract may be void and unenforceable.
The Property Law Act 1969 (WA) at s34 states that no interest in land can be transferred without a written agreement. If two parties enter into an agreement for the sale/purchase of land verbally, whilst the agreement is not illegal, it would be unenforceable because of the requirement under s34.
Illegal Contracts
General principles – a contract is illegal if:
 - It is expressly or impliedly prohibited by statute ("illegal as formed").[2]
 This can occur where the statute prohibits the performance or the formation of the contract.[3]
 Example: s45 of the Australian Consumer Law deals with anti-competitive contracts and clauses. In effect, it prohibits the formation of contracts or the inclusion of clauses within a contract that lessens trade competition within a market, and any such contract would therefore be deemed illegal; or
 - It is contrary to public policy and interest ("illegal as to performance");[4]
 Illegality as to performance occurs where the contract itself is not illegal, however the manner of performance of the contract is forbidden or the purpose is unlawful.[5]
 Example: s9 of the Building Act 2011 (WA) provides that no building is to be constructed without a building permit. If two parties enter into a contract for the building of a structure in which, whether expressly or impliedly, they agreed to proceed with the performance without obtaining the permit required by s9, the contract would be illegal as to performance.
Void Provisions
Provisions of a contract can be deemed void if a statute expressly prohibits those provisions.
Example: s12C(1) of the Commercial Tenancy (Retail Shops) Agreements Act 1985 (WA) states that any clause contained within a lease which requires a tenant to open the retail shop the subject of the lease at specified hours or specified times is void.
Imposing Terms & Obligations
Statutes can affect commercial relationships by creating obligations or imposing implied terms into contracts.
 - Statutes can direct parties to do or refrain from doing certain acts
 s76 of the Australian Consumer Law which obliges the seller to notify consumers both prior to entering into an 'unsolicited consumer agreement' (i.e. telephone or door-to-door sales), and after in writing, of their right to terminate the agreement within 10 business days pursuant to s82(1) of ACL.
 If the seller fails to comply with s76 and notify the consumer of their termination rights, then s82(d) of ACL extends the termination period from 10 business days to 6 months from the date the agreement was entered into and the consumer is entitled to terminate the contract within that timeframe.
 - Statutes can impose implied terms into contracts
 Certain sections of the Australian Consumer Law provide a list of guarantees which apply in the course of supplying goods or services. The most commonly used example is guarantees of fitness for a disclosed purpose. This same guarantee is implied through the Sale of Goods Act 1985 (WA) at s14.
 The Australian Consumer Law goes a step further in Subdivision C (s64) where it expressly states that these guarantees cannot be excluded out of contracts.
Giving Rise to Causes of Action & Inferring to Third Party
A statute can give rise to causes of action separate to those available in a commercial relationship and infer the rights to bring those causes of action on third parties.
s588F of the Corporations Act 2001 (Cth) allows a liquidator of a company to bring claims for recovery of unfair preferential payments made to creditors of that company (commonly referred to as 'clawbacks') for the six months preceding the date on which the company went into liquidation.
Example: a company enters into contract with a supplier for supply of goods and then goes into liquidation. Despite the contract being between the company and the supplier, and the obligations arising under that contract only binding them, the mere existence of the contract in the circumstances may be enough for the Liquidator to bring a claim against the Supplier for recovery of preferential payments made by the Company.
Statutes are not the only thing impacting the enforceability of and obligations formed under contracts. There are also other matters to consider when entering into a contract such as common-law ("judge made") implied terms. This is why it is crucial to know your rights and obligations before making a long term, or even short term, contractual commitment. Make sure you get the correct legal advice from solicitors experienced in the area of contract law.
[1] J W Carter, Carter on Contract (LexisNexis Australia, 2010) at [27-001].
[2] Stephen Graw, An Introduction to the Law of Contract (Thomson Reuters, 7th Ed, 2012), 434.
[3] Yango Pastoral Co Pty Ltd v First Chicago Australia Ltd (1978) 139 CLR 410, 413.
[4] Above, n 2.
[5] Above, n 3.
Introducing the Parties
To have a guarantee and indemnity, you need three parties: Party One, Party Two, and a third party which can be a Guarantor and/or Indemnifier.
 - Party One The person who enters the contract with Party Two. Party One has the power, assets, or money needed by Party Two. They can be, for example, a landlord, bank, or seller of a business.
 - Party Two The person seeking something from Party One. This can be, for example, a lease, loan, or money to buy a business.
 - Guarantor A Third Party who guarantees the fulfilment of any contractual obligations owed by Party Two to Party One. A Guarantor can be an individual, company, or an unrelated third party.
 - Indemnifier A Third Party (who is usually the same party as the Guarantor) who agrees to compensate Party One for any losses, damage, and claims suffered because of the actions of Party Two. Like Guarantors, an Indemnifier can be an individual, unrelated third party, or company.
Void Contracts
General principles – void contracts:
 1. arise out of a failure to satisfy requirements contained in a statute;
 2. are usually unenforceable;
 3. do not have to be illegal to be void; and


text:
Young people across Bristol have been reassured that their streets, parks and schools are safe, and that the chances of being caught up in knife crime are very, very small.
That was the message given to teenagers from around the city at the West of England's second annual Schools Summit, where city leaders and those working to tackle the issue told them that while it was understandable to feel afraid, they should not let that fear change their lives.
One teenager told Bristol Live the recent spate of stabbings in Bristol made her and her friends think twice about what they do outside of school. West of England metro mayor Dan Norris acknowledged that young people were becoming 'very affected' by the recent events.
Hundreds of young people from across the city came to Ashton Gate for the summit, which saw a huge range of organisations, groups, colleges and companies engage with young people to talk about opportunities in their futures.
It was the second such event organised by the metro mayor's office, and part of the day saw young people learn how to use bleed kits, which have been championed in Bristol by community worker Leanne Reynolds. She first took up the task of trying to get the kits to become as widespread and familiar as on-street defibrillators, following the fatal stabbing of Dontae Davis back in 2021.
Leanne undertook training sessions with the young people, and talked to more organisations about installing bleed kits around the city, something which was backed by Mr Norris.
"Part of the school summit is about listening to young people before they reach voting age, and obviously they have been very affected by all of the reports of instances of stabbings in our region over the last couple of years and particularly of late," said the metro mayor.
"So the bleed kits are an unfortunate thing that we have to be talking about and having, but it's something that young people are comfortable with, because they are worried. I actually tell them quite genuinely that the chance of them being injured or harmed by knives is very very low still, but it's on their minds, understandably, and it's affecting their behaviour.
"They are not going out so much, they are not meeting their friends in the same way, and the bleed kits is sort of a response to that to say 'well, look, we recognise how you feel. This is a practical way of dealing with an absolutely catastrophic bleeding situation, but actually the chance of that is not very high'.
Want the latest Bristol breaking news and top stories first? Click here to join our WhatsApp group. We also treat our community members to special offers, promotions, and adverts from us and our partners. If you don't like our community, you can check out any time you like. If you're curious, you can read our Privacy Notice.
"So it's just trying to reassure young people that it's not as worrying as they feel it is, but while listening to their fears too," he added.
Leanne Reynolds told Bristol Live young people she had met across the city as part of her campaign had told her how the fatal stabbings of young people in Bristol had affected them. "Young people have expressed concerns about walking home, changing the way that they are walking home, ensuring that they are in their house and that they feel safe," she said. "And if they are going out, they tend to go out in pairs, they don't want to go out in big groups to attract attention, or they are out with their peers so they feel more safe.
"It's sad. I've tried to reiterate sometimes the city does feel unsafe, but most of this is involving people with other issues going on, so it doesn't affect the majority of children, who are safe. They go to and from school and they go home. But there is going to be a little minority that are into other things and that is putting themselves at risk," she added.
The summit ended with a speech from Leanne, who told the young people directly not to let any fear change their lives. "I don't want any young people to go away from here thinking these bleed kits are for knife crime. We know there is serious violence in our city. It is being tackled by everyone, with partnership working.
"You are safe, and the majority of you can go to school and go about your daily business and feel safe, and I want you to feel safe. These kits are going out into our communities, for catastrophic bleed. So it could be an accident, it could be a road traffic accident, it could be an incident.
"You'll potentially see these kits in your communities and you'll see them in your schools. It doesn't mean the school has high violence, or there's knives going into your school, because they are most probably not in there," she added.
One teenager at the summit was Genevieve Pickles, 14, from Cotham School. She said the training to use the bleed kits was good, but acknowledged the recent fatal stabbings had affected her and her friends. "We feel more unsafe, because you can't really get away from it, because in all areas of Bristol something has happened," she said.
"It feels like it's everywhere, which can be scary at times, especially when you have to change your patterns of where you go, sort of avoid various areas, especially at night, we're definitely thinking about it.
"A couple of months ago, if I was walking home from the park at night it would be fine, but now I'm ringing my friends and telling them where I am. Not because I know something is going to happen, but that I know that I should do that, just in case, because the chances are actually quite high nowadays," she added.
Together For Change Aims
Set up a task force - We will develop a community-driven task force to meet and discuss the issue, how best to tackle it and how we can make a real difference with those in power.
Getting knives off the street - We will work with the campaigners to raise awareness of initiatives designed to get knives off the streets.
Social media - We will look at the Online Safety Bill and see if it goes far enough where it comes to harmful knife-related content on social media and how easy it is for children to see.
Raise awareness - We will work together to raise the awareness of how knife crime is linked to poverty, education, employment, social exclusion and the collapse in youth services
Lobby the government -We will cover the issue in the context of the General Election, using our findings from the taskforce and our reporting to lobby for change
Hold power to account - We will scrutinise and hold Avon and Somerset Police and Bristol City Council to account on their plans and models to make Bristol safer

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


Simple Operation
Simple Operation

I want to know how i can a make mathmatic opaeration on OutSystem, just divide one value by other where the user will type the two values and an Expression will show the result, I tried to create all the local variables and assign but i can't finish this.
The Only thing that appears when i type the values and press the "Calc" button is that the expression turns in 0 and the text fields turns to 1
Hi Eduardo,
What you want to do is realy simple in OS. You just need 3 screen variables (one for each value and one for result) and build a screen with 2 inputs fields, one expression and one button.
The action associated with button just need to do the operation in one assign, and set the result into the result variable, use the Ajax refresh widget to refresh the result on expression and its done.
You can get more information and some useful examples in Academy Homepage.
Regards
Thanks Ricardo, but I'm using all the methods that you said.
With the breakpoint I can see that the Two Variables receives the value but the final/total variable doesn't receive any value of the operation
Why these is happening?
Hello Eduardo,

Are you using the result variable in your screen? That behaviour Its a litle bit weird.
If you can upload your eSpace could be more easy to understand the problem.

Here is the eSpace
Hi Eduardo,
Looking at your eSpace I see that you are confused on how to use expressions, how the user input can be used on the server side, and several other basic concepts.
My advice for you is to watch the videos at the Academy, and practice with them. This way you'll master the most fundamental concepts of the OutSystems Platform.
For understanding how to manipulate user inputs you can see the videos from 5. Data Binding in Form Inputs.
Now, I don't want to leave you empty handed, so I'll try to explain you problem.
Your expression is returning a Boolean. I understand why this makes sense to you, but this is basically what to are doing:
total == Decimal.Parse("3.1415")/ Decimal.Parse("2.0")
As you can understand, this is not efficient, change friendly...
So if you just change your expression to inputqtd/inputperc, this would return what you are expecting.
In your 'Calcular' action, the only thing you need to do, is use the refresh action, to refresh the expressions. You don't need the assign (it is simply wrong), and you can optmize to refresh only the expression, and not the whole container.
Again, you should definitly check out the Academy videos :)


text:
EU's largest marine protected area
The Scottish Government has submitted proposals to the EU that include plans for Europe's largest marine area of nature conservation in waters west of Scotland.
The designation of Hatton Bank as a Special Area of Conservation (SAC), located approximately 500 km west of Lewis, would cover an area of more than 15,000 square kilometres.
Jonathan Hughes, IUCN Regional Councillor for West Europe and Director of Conservation at Scottish Wildlife Trust, commented:
"The announcement by the Scottish Government and the Joint Nature Conservation Committee of five candidate Special Areas of Conservation in the offshore zone around Scotland is welcome news for what remain some of the most heavily exploited seas in the world."
"Hatton Bank, a volcanic structure that stretches almost 500 km and up to 1,000 m in depth, will become the largest marine protected area in the European Union, helping safeguard a variety of soft and hard corals including Lophelia pertusa biogenic reefs."
"Scotland will in the next two years designate many more nationally important marine protected areas under the 2010 Marine (Scotland) Act, a long overdue piece of legislation which many IUCN Members campaigned for and helped shape."
"Ultimately the goal in Scotland is to achieve international targets under the Convention on Biological Diversity of having 10% of Scotland's seas protected. Securing such protection will not only benefit biodiversity, it should also increase productivity and help secure a future for those communities which depend on healthy oceans for their livelihoods. This is a prime example of a nature-based solution to the problem of declining marine productivity".
Hatton Bank would form part of a package of five new SACs in offshore waters to the west and north of Scotland. The new sites would contribute to the Marine Protected Areas network – an EU requirement under the Habitats Directive.
Read more here
Read more on the United Kingdom's biodiversity and action to conserve it in this month's Country Focus.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Skip to main content
Interface: SCReactionType
SCReactionType interface
Properties
active
Optional active: boolean
Is this reaction active?
Defined in
reaction.ts:25
id
Optional id: number
Unique integer value identifying this reaction
Defined in
reaction.ts:9
image
Optional image: string
The image url of the reaction
Defined in
reaction.ts:21
label
Optional label: string
The label of the reaction (unique)
Defined in
reaction.ts:13
sentiment
Optional sentiment: number
The sentiment value associated to the reaction
Defined in
reaction.ts:17


Warning: This document is for an old version of Rasa X.
Improve Assistant
Improving an assistant involves making incremental updates both on the Rasa X server and on your local machine. By incorporating automated testing into every update, you will immediately know how any changes to your training data affect the performance of your assistant.
Rasa X is not intended to be an all-in-one bot builder; many things are easier to do in a text editor on your local machine, and that's where you should do them. Rasa X is meant to help you improve some parts of your assistant using a UI, while still keeping it easy to make changes locally.
Making Incremental Updates
In order to improve your assistant, you will need to make updates inside and outside of Rasa X based on what you learn from your conversations. There are 3 types of updates you can make to improve your assistant: minor, major and architectural updates.
Minor Updates
The most efficient way to make iterative improvements to your model, such as fixing incorrect NLU / Core predictions or updating response templates, is to do it on the Rasa X server. From there, you can push your changes to the remote Git repository via the Integrated Version Control feature and run automated tests before redeploying.
One example of a minor update is annotating new messages that come from users talking to your assistant. You can improve your assistant by annotating new data from these users. You can classify the data to new or existing intents.
Data that is displayed on the Annotate new data screen comes from a few different sources. These sources include:
 - User conversations from sharing your assistant or via a custom channel like Slack, Twilio, etc.
 - Conversations you have with the assistant on the Talk to your bot screen.
On the Annotate new data screen, you can review & fix intent and entity predictions, mark them as correct, or delete them.
Rasa X NLU Train Annotate Screenshot
Once you select Mark Correct, the data will be moved from the Annotate new data screen to the Training Data screen.
Rasa X NLU Train Annotate Ok Button
To annotate entities, you select one or multiple words in a sentence. A menu will pop up where you select the Entity type and an optional Entity Synonym to be used instead of the actual text in the sentence:
Rasa X NLU Train Annotate Ok Button
Note
In order to use this training data you will need to retrain your assistant via the Train button.
Major Updates
For more disruptive changes to your assistant, like merging two intents into one or changing the logic of stories, whether you will want to use Rasa X or not depends on the situation. Usually smaller changes are easier in Rasa X, while larger changes are often faster in a text editor on your local machine. After you make these changes, you will want to push your updates to the Git repo connected to your Rasa X instance, and let a continuous integration (CI) server ensure that everything works as expected.
A good example of a major update that you can do with Rasa X is the creation of a new story using Interactive Learning mode on the Talk to your bot screen.
With Interactive Learning, you create a story by teaching your assistant as you talk to it. At each step in the conversation, you validate and correct the predictions that are made by your assistant.
To start, on the Talk to your bot screen you select the Interactive Learning button:
Interactive Learning Button Tooltip
In this example, when you enter hello, the assistant correctly predicts the intent greet. However, because you are in Interactive Learning mode, the conversation with the assistant pauses until you mark this as a correct prediction by clicking the check box.
Interactive Learning Hello Greet
As soon as you click the check box, the sentence with it's prediction will be added to the Training Data screen. If a sentence happens to be already in the Training Data, it will not be added again to avoid duplication.
You can check if a sentence like 'Yoh!' also triggers the greet intent, by refreshing the page, switching again to Interactive Learning mode, and typing it in to check the prediction:
Interactive Learning Hello Update
In this case, the assistant predicts the intent affirm, which is wrong. You can change the predicted intent in the dropdown to greet, and then click on the checkbox.
Interactive Learning Sup Update
After clicking the checkbox, you will see the next predicted Core action. The conversation will again pause until you validate or correct this. In this example, the next action of the assistant is correct, and you click the checkbox.
Interactive Learning Greeting Action
The conversation is moving along nicely, and after the assistant has completed the utter_great action, you will see the next predicted step in the conversation. It is predicted that the assistant should take as Next Action: action_listen. This is correct, so you click the checkbox.
Interactive Learning Listen Action
You continue this flow until you have created a new story that you want to add to the Training Data.
On the right hand side of the screen you can find the Story till now and you can save it in the Training Data by clicking the Save Story button.
Interactive Learning Story
This completes the major update of creating a new story via Interactive Learning, and you can now retrain your assistant via the Train button.
Architectural Updates
If the improvement requires altering the structure of your assistant that surrounds and defines your model, such as implementing a custom NLU component or custom action, you will want to use a text editor on your local machine. After you have improved your assistant, you will once again want to go through the process of pushing your changes to the Git repository and then testing and deploying with CI/CD.
Using Integrated Version Control
Integrating your Rasa X server with Git enables you and your team to apply best practices from software engineering to the development of AI assistants.
Once you have connected your assistant's repository to your Rasa X server, Rasa X will automatically pull data from your remote repository and reflect those updates in Rasa X. At this initial stage, Rasa X will have the latest data from your remote repository on the Git server. Rasa X will indicate that you are up to date with the latest changes with a green state in the side bar.
Rasa X server in a clean Git state
When you make a change to your assistant in Rasa X, the side bar state will transition to an orange state. This means that you have changes that can be pushed to the remote repository when you are ready. During this time, Rasa X won't fetch new changes from the remote repository to avoid overwriting your changes.
Rasa X server with changes which can be committed and pushed.
When you are finished making changes and are ready to add them to your Git server, you can commit and push them by clicking on the Git icon in the sidebar. If your remote branch has not changed while you were annotating, you can choose between
 - pushing changes directly to the remote branch
 - pushing them to a new branch
If new changes were added to the remote branch while you were annotating, you will only be able to push your changes to a new branch to avoid potential merge conflicts. Rasa X will notify you that there have been changes to the remote branch with a red state on the side bar.
Rasa X server with changes while remote is ahead.
When you are ready, click on the side bar icon and follow its instructions. Once your changes are pushed, Rasa X will return to being in sync with your remote branch and will pull in the latest changes from your remote as they become available.
Note
If you pushed your changes to a new branch, these changes won't be reflected in Rasa X until you have merged them into the target branch.
You can of course also discard your changes. Rasa X will then be reset to the latest state of your remote branch.
Leveraging Git
Integrating Rasa X with Git enables your team to use the full power of the Git ecosystem:
 - Apply a review process for any changes to your model
 - Automatically evaluate dialogues end-to-end, running through test conversations and making sure that both NLU and Core make correct predictions, as part of a CI pipeline (check out End-to-End Evaluation in the Rasa docs for more information)
 - Automatically generate reports, a confusion matrix, and a confidence histogram on your new model as part of a CI pipeline (check out Evaluating Models in the Rasa docs for more information)
 - Minimize the time from change to production with continuous deployment


Forward your CC email
There are a couple of common ways to forward your email to another account. Either directly from Office365, or from within Gmail.
From Office 365
 1. Use single sign-in to log into your CC webmail (click the "Email" button once signed in).
 2. If it didn't go there automatically, click the "Mail" icon in Office 365.
 3. Click the gear icon to access settings and select "options"
 4. Find the option on the left for forwarding. It's in Mail > Accounts.
 5. Select the radio button for "start forwarding." Make sure to include the address, decide whether you want to keep a copy of forwarded messages, and then click save.
From Gmail
1. In Gmail: Go to settings > Accounts and import > Check mail from other accounts > Add a POP3 account you own
2. Enter your email address, and then the fields as you see them below (of course, use your own information).
NOTE when it asks for username, you need to enter it as "" which is different than your email address. See the example below.
3. For Server, use "" Leave the Port as 995.
Pop settings
4. It's a good idea and highly recommended to check "Leave a copy of retrieved messages on the server." If you check this then you'll have a backup of your messages in your CC inbox and you will be able to access your entire mailbox from any other mail program.
5. Click Add Account and you should be done!


text:
Bioethics 101 provides a systematic, five-lesson introductory course to support educators in incorporating bioethics into the classroom through the use of sequential, day-to-day lesson plans. This curriculum is designed to help science teachers in guiding their students to analyze issues using scientific facts, ethical principles, and reasoned judgment.
These lessons represent a "best of" compilation from our popular Ethics Primer. Through the use of case studies, ethical principles, decision-making frameworks and stakeholder role-play, students are fully supported in learning how to justify an answer to an ethical question.
If you've been looking for a structured way to introduce bioethics into your classroom, this resource is for you!
In order for us to measure how our curriculum resources are being used, please take a moment to contact us and let us know the class or classes in which you're using our lessons. We also welcome feedback about our Bioethics 101 curriculum. We will not share your contact information with anyone.
Complete Lesson Plans
Lesson 1--Introduction to Bioethics NWABR_Bioethics_101_Lesson1.pdf
Lesson 2--Principles of Bioethics NWABR_Bioethics_101_Lesson2_0.pdf
Lesson 3--Finding the Stakeholders NWABR_Bioethics_101_Lesson3.pdf
Lesson 4--Making a Strong Justification NWABR_Bioethics_101_Lesson4.pdf
Lesson 5--Putting it All Together NWABR_Bioethics_101_Lesson5.pdf
This page is coming soon!


Why does She Summits exist?
We exist to awaken and activate the untapped potential within those who identify as female to create conscious change in the world.
What is She Summits?
She Summits is a community festival that focuses on the contributions of those who identify as female to important social and environmental conversations through movement-based films, workshops and events.
How does She Summits do this?
She Summits connects to the head and to the heart of our community. By creating awareness and educating on critical issues and through emotionally connecting with the heart, we activate the passion needed for change.
We want those who identify as females to feel that they have the ability to act independently and make their own free choices. When you combine awareness and agency, we believe we will experience a more harmonious world for all and with Mother Earth.
Our community is composed of all genders and is multi-generational. We believe that the conversations we have at She Summits are for all to have and when our community works together, more female-identifying people will be empowered to take action where their passion lies.
We're committed to raising awareness around environmental issues and helping those who identify as females connect more deeply with Mother Nature, for when those who identify as females care about the environment and feel a sense of agency within themselves, they will make positive change.
Movement differs for everyone and especially across the globe. It's important for us to acknowledge the many forms of movement that exist in the world because with this, we become awakened to ideas that may activate change.
When education is combined with present-moment awareness, we believe that better decisions will be made to serve those in our world and Mother Earth herself.


text:
04 September 2023, New Delhi: UPL Sustainable Agri Solutions (SAS) has introduced Fascinate Flash, a safe-to-use, sustainable, and innovative solution to redefine weed control practices in Indian tea plantations.
With its rapid action, extended residual control, and crop safety features, Fascinate Flash revolutionizes weed management, positively impacting the economic and environmental aspects of tea farming.
Fascinate Flash swiftly penetrates weed leaves, leading to rapid withering and elimination within just four hours of application. In addition to eradicating existing weeds, Fascinate Flash inhibits the germination of weed seeds, maintaining a weed-free environment, and reducing the need for frequent applications of herbicides. The decrease in herbicide usage not only lowers product and labor expenses but also amplifies the return on investment for tea estate owners. This contributes to the sustained economic advancement of the industry over the long run.
Ashish Dobhal, CEO of UPL SAS, said, "With the launch of Fascinate Flash, we are confident in delivering advanced sustainable weed management for tea plantations. This marks another stride in our commitment to empower farmers with solutions that enhance productivity, nurture sustainability, and generate exceptional returns on investment, all while maintaining the balance of our environment.″
For optimal results, it is recommended to use Fascinate Flash at the 3-4 weed leaf stage. UPL SAS is aiming to treat 20,000 acres of tea estates in India with Fascinate Flash in 2023, exemplifying our endeavour to the tea industry's growth through innovative solutions.
(For Latest Agriculture News & Updates, follow Krishak Jagat on Google News)


Comprehensive software reviews to make better IT decisions
Don't Assume Payroll Is Your Highest BC/DR Priority
Workarounds and buffers in the payroll cycle make it far less time-sensitive than most organizations think. Payroll is often automatically labeled as Tier 1 in BC/DR planning, and mistakenly given a higher priority than other truly time-sensitive services (e.g. customer-facing services).
Most organizations can tolerate a day of downtime and still execute an accurate payroll run, so high availability (HA) is not required. Furthermore, even if your normal payroll can't be executed, there are workarounds to ensure at least base salaries are paid, limiting the impact.
Ensure you are clear on the following before assuming payroll can't tolerate any downtime:
 - Payroll time-sensitivity
 - Workarounds to reduce payroll risk
 - Criteria for assessing criticality
We'll look at these issues from the perspective of a Financial Services organization, but the same concepts are true for most industries.
Clarify Time-Sensitivity in Your Payroll Process
Document and review your payroll process to identify time-sensitive steps. Typically, the most time-sensitive step is the actual creation, review/approval, and submission of the payroll file. Clarify how much leeway you have. For example:
 - Typically payroll files are submitted Tuesday night or Wednesday morning, and payment goes out end of day Thursday (to show up Friday in bank accounts).
 - The net result is most organizations have a 24-hour window (e.g. Wednesday morning to Thursday morning) to recover from a payroll disruption. HA is not required.
 - If you have other services where impact is felt more immediately (again, consider client-facing services), they need to be prioritized higher both in terms of recovery order and disaster recovery (DR) investment (e.g. invest in HA for your phone system if that is core to customer service and sales before investing in HA for your payroll system).
Similarly, consider other time-sensitive steps, such as submission of timesheets and payroll adjustments (e.g. salary changes, bonuses awarded). For example:
 - Timesheets (or equivalent) might be due on Friday, which allows time on Monday to process changes and review exceptions.
 - If time collection was delayed to Monday due to a Friday outage, can that delay be absorbed?
 - Also consider adjusting your process (e.g. alter your deadline for time entry and payroll adjustments).
Formalize Workarounds to Further Reduce Payroll Risk and Time-Sensitivity
Every organization I've worked with has been able to identify a workaround, but it needs to be formalized, tested, and pre-approved to avoid delays and mistakes in executing those workarounds.
Work with your Finance team to identify what fits your requirements. Below are a few examples:
Workaround 1: Create and maintain a base payroll file as a stop-gap.
This ensures all staff receive at least their base pay. For part-time staff, use the average hours worked. Alternatively, allocate the upper-end of the range of hours worked by part-time staff to err on the side of overpayment.
Workaround 2: Modify base payroll file to get closer to an accurate payroll run.
This option works in conjunction with Workaround 1, but takes it a step further if possible depending on the nature of the outage. The goal here would be to resolve the most problematic issues to minimize goodwill impact with staff and reconciliation efforts for next payroll. For example, remove part-time staff who did not work that pay period.
Workaround 3: Instruct your bank (or payroll service provider) to re-run the same payroll file from the previous pay period.
This is the easiest option and ensures staff are paid a reasonable (if not accurate) salary, but is also potentially the most problematic as it does not allow for adjustments and variability week to week. Potential issues include:
 - Casual or part-time staff whose hours might vary greatly.
 - Variable compensation (bonuses, commission, etc.).
 - Salary adjustments due to promotions.
For all of the above workarounds, be prepared to:
 - Work with your bank (or payroll service provider) to clarify options and limitations (e.g. options for submitting a payroll file late, or making adjustments after submission).
 - If you have to execute a workaround, communicate payroll status and the plans to reconcile discrepancies (e.g. that staff will only receive base pay, and when/how discrepancies will be resolved).
 - Manage exceptions:
 - Give managers the ability to escalate potential issues (e.g. an employee who counts on their monthly commission check to pay their mortgage).
 - Clarify the process for approving and providing direct payments (e.g. hand-writing checks) where necessary to manage exceptions.
 - Reconcile discrepancies. This includes tracking actual payments made, plus ensuring that recovering payroll data (e.g. timesheet entries) is part of your disaster recovery plan (DRP) so that discrepancies can be identified and resolved.
Conduct a Business Impact Analysis to Assess Criticality
Payroll is a great example of why organizations need to conduct a business impact analysis (BIA) to determine criticality, rather than go by gut feel. Conduct a BIA to ensure payroll is properly ranked based on impact and time-sensitivity:
 - Financial/cost (e.g. inability to sell services: consider peak times such as RRSP season).
 - Goodwill or reputational impact (e.g. frustration over service delays, especially if there is also a cost impact for the customer due to delays processing investment requests).
 - Legal/regulatory compliance impact (e.g. delays in providing compliance reports).
 - Health and safety impact. For a Financial Services organization, this is typically not a relevant criteria. However, more-general examples might include impact on services that provide personal safety/security (e.g. for a university, this would include impact on campus security services such as patrols and security cameras).
For payroll disruptions, the impact is indirect (e.g. staff are upset about delays in pay or inaccurate pay, and that can affect job performance; however, ask yourself if staff in your organization would actually walk out and risk their careers over a one-day pay delay). Furthermore, some downtime can be incurred before there is any impact, and that impact can be mitigated by implementing workarounds.
 - Document and review your payroll process to better understand tolerance for downtime.
 - Identify and implement workarounds that fit your requirements.
 - Conduct a BIA to ensure payroll is properly ranked in your list of BC/DR planning priorities.
Bottom Line
Don't assume payroll is your highest priority for DR and business continuity. Yes, people need to be paid, but most payroll processes can tolerate downtime. Furthermore, workarounds can reduce payroll downtime risk without implementing an expensive HA solution.
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The higher one's Speed, the faster one moves and the more attacks one can make in a given period of time. Logic asserts also that one's Speed is necessarily reduced by the weight one carries, and that attack speed must also be affected by the Speed Factor of one's chosen weapon. Speed is normally equal to Dexterity, or Dexterity plus five if the character's Dexterity is 20 or greater, but a few items change it independent of Dexterity. It can never be lower than 1.
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CIM Issues #6368
The interplay between events and status measurements should be supported more cleanly
Part 9 Annex C offers an 18 part field to describe a measurement. Annex E offers a 4 part field to describe a status. However the first of the four parts indicates the source, and the last of the four indicates the new status. Quite often a subscriber will want to monitor the status of a condition that an event announces. If it an important condition, the subscriber will want to receive periodic status updates for fear it may have missed a published event. There are many many events and the coverage of measurements doesn't always correspond to it.
It is unnecessarily awkward to relate a measurement status to an event. A change to the design of the standard could make it easier.
Add a new measurementKind of "EventTypeID". Then to publish a measurement of a status than an event is based on, the commodity field would be used to identify the source of the measurement (meter, sensor, EVSE, etc.). We could supply the EndDeviceDomain enumeration in the numerator field, EndDeviceSubdomain in the denominator field, set uom equal to "status", then supply the EndDeviceEventOrAction code as the value of the measurement. This would allow better interplay between measurements and events.
The business of "breaking change" is a good question. Breaking the CIM? Breaking someone's implementation? There are many other standards that use Annex C. Increasing the length to 20 attribute fields could break all of them.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Now day's people are looking for the best types of growing media for their plants. It is due to people become more conscious while selecting the growing media for their plants. The reason is simple every one curious about the health of the plants.
Importance of the growing media
The growth of the plants influenced by many factors, growing media is one of them. Growing media plays an important role in the growth and development of plants. The production and health of the plant are dependent on the growing media. Media also play an important role in the disease management of the plant. Many disease-causing pathogens found in plants come from the media. Sterilized media free from pathogenic spores of the disease is essential for plant health. First, we discuss the functions and qualities of the best Growing media. After that, we discuss the types of growing media. Without further delay let's jump over the Growing media
What is the growing media?
Growing media is a nutritious substrate in which plant anchor and gives support to the plant. The plant develops roots in the Growing media and also gets essential nutrients from this.
For example, crops grow on the soil and soil is the growing medium. If flowering plants grow in peat moss in the pot the peat moss is the medium.
Different types of growing media are available in the market. You go into the market for purchasing Growing media for your plants. You become confused when everyone is claiming my Growing media is the best for your plants. They have different types of ingredients but they are all not good for your plants. The thing is what are the criteria for judging the growing media for your plants?
- Growing media should be nutritive
- Growing media should be sterilized
- Growing media should be low in weight
- Growing media should have a pH of 5.5-6.5
- Growing media should be loose and porous
- Growing media should not shrink nor expand
- Growing media should have optimum fertility
- Growing media should act as a buffer solution
- The plant should anchor its root into the Growing media
- Growing media should have good water holding capacity
- Growing media should be easily available and economical
- Growing media should be free from diseases and pathogen
- Growing media should have an adequate quantity of organic matter
These are the different characteristics of growing media. One can keep these characteristics in his mind before selecting growing media for his plant.
After discussing the characteristics of good media, now we are going to educate you about different types of growing media. We make a list of growing media. Let's discuss the first one
DIFFERENT TYPES OF GROWING MEDIA
There are various kinds of the growing media for horticultural plants. Some best option are given blow.
Peat moss is a decomposed product of the submerged and bogs soil of sphagnum family plants. It is formed in low and wetland areas of the northern hemisphere. The major parts of the peat moss producing regions of the world are Canada, northern Europe and northern Siberia. Plants of the sphagnum family remain in the water for many years.
Accumulation of sphagnum in the wetland is taking place. Because of the poor drainage, small and big wetlands are formed. Due to a very low temperature in these wetlands, the low pH of peat sphagnum is formed. Peat moss has the ability to restore 16-26 times more water in its cell.
Peat moss has good water retention capacity. It is a good source of organic matter which improves the structure of the soil. Peat most work as a curator of your bad structure sandy soils. Due to high porosity, it improves the clayey soils. Sphagnum peat moss has a high buffer capacity that's tolerated and resists changes in pH of the medium. All in one, peat moss is a good growing media for plants, if it contains essential nutrients in reasonable amount.
Cons of the peat moss
The pure peat moss comprising of organic matter that is low in plant essential nutrients. Without the use of the additive peat moss, the fertility of the peat moss is very low. Due to Acidic in nature Peat moss is good for acid-loving plants. But if the pH is too low then it can create more problems for the high pH loving plants. As compared to the other growing materials peat moss is more expensive than others.
Perlite is the product of volcanic glass. It is a naturally occurring inorganic mineral. It expands on heating like popcorn. Perlite mainly consists of oxides of silicon, aluminum, potassium, iron and calcium. It is loose and high porosity growing media. Perlite is used for other potting mixes. Perlite is densely weighted in its raw shape.
Pros of the perlite
It is the lightweight mix that allows you to work and handle it easily. Perlite has good drainage and good for the xerophytes and mesophytes. Perlite is used to lightening the media. It is a loose medium that improves the porosity and anchorage of the growing mixes. The world's top perlite producing countries are Turkey, Greece, United States and Japan.
Cons of the perlite
As perlite is natural inorganic material so it has no complete food for the plants. Perlite does not have any essential nutrients for plants. It is only used as potting mixes in different combinations. It is not good for water retention.
It is the mixture of inorganic salts but it. Soil is composed of three types of particle silt sand and clay. Silt and clay are the fine particles of the soil but sand is coarse. Based on the component, the soil is dividing into these groups. Sandy soils, clayey soils and loamy soil. It becomes good media on some amendments. Some soils have high amount of organic matter or
Pros of the soil
It is a natural medium for plants. It is easily available in any place and very cheap. Soil is the best medium for big plants. On some amendments, soil performs the best function. Organic soils are best for the plant growth.
Cons of the soil
Most of the soils are alkaline and pH is higher. This media is not good for the succulent plants because it becomes very hard on drying and root penetration is not good. Soil is heavy. Most of the soils are have less organic matter.
Most of the soils are not as good as a growing medium. The soil has a heavy amount of salts which increase the pH of the media and not good for most of the plants
Decomposition and decaying of the organic material of plants into inorganic or simple elements is called composting. Composting is done in the presence of the microorganisms.
The ingredients of the compost are:
Leave, barks, twigs, branches, flowers, root, kitchen waste, straws, hey, a residue of the crops and other organic origin material.
Compost is very useful if you have interested in organic farming. One can also use Farm Yard Manure (FYM) for making the compost. Different ratios of the ingredients are being used for making the compost. Leaf compost is more commonly used and known. One thing that you have to keep in mind before preparing the compost that is: the ratio of the greens and dry. The ratio of the greens and dry for producing an excellent type of compost should be 2:1 and 3:1. Leaf compost is the best and popular media for the raising of seedlings.
Pros of the Compost
Compost is an excellent type of growing media that does not need ant fertilizer. The mixture of compost and soil is the best combination for growing any type of plant. Waste organic material can be use as compost. Compost recovers the health of the soil and plant. Composting is very easy for making. It is a good activity for the child to play. The cost of producing compost is very low
Cons of the Compost
The first and foremost disadvantage of composting is the foul smell. The decaying process creates a bad smell. It creates an unpleasant look to the viewer so installed in less view area of the garden. As the decaying process takes time so it takes a long time for composting. Compost areas may contain insect cockroach and snakes.
IF ANYONE YOU WANT TO PURCHASE PRODUCTS RELATED TO GARDENING. WE USE AMAZONE AFFILIATE PROGRAM, YOU CAN CLICK HERE FOR PURCHASING THE PRODUCTS.


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Cypress provides a reference design for Industrial camera applications using FX3 and Lattice ECP5 FPGA with HelionVision ISP IP. This article documents the architectural, functional, and design details of this reference design for industrial camera systems. This reference design demonstrates a combined implementation of FX3 and Lattice ECP5 FPGA to interface an image sensor with the USB Host system.
The HelionVision ISP IP is implemented on the ECP5 FPGA to interface parallel/LVDS image sensors, process the image data, and stream via the GPIF-II interface of FX3.The following block diagram provides an overview of the high-level design of FX3 + ECP5 FPGA with HelionVision ISP IP supporting the camera interface.
Figure 1: System Block Diagram
The hardware consists of the main board with FX3, and ECP5 FPGA with an interface connector to attach the image sensor board. Reference design schematic and board files are attached along with this article. The main board is tested using Sony IMX-236 - HDR-60 Head-Board 1080p (3.1MP) image sensor board with Sunex Lens (Part No.: Sunex PN DSL945) connected using an M12 holder. The hardware main board has a USB Type-C connector to connect to Host systems. Boot options can be controlled using a switch that allows booting from external SPI flash or USB bootloader. The FX3 and FPGA firmware can be merged and saved in the external SPI flash.
Cypress has tested the reference design hardware features using USB Video Class (UVC) framework implemented in FX3 with 1080p@30fps and 720p@30fps video resolutions and standard UVC video controls. The prototype system with a Sony IMX 236 image sensor is tested using ECP5 FPGA code developed by HelionVision and UVC firmware running on FX3. The FX3 firmware for the reference design uses the UVC architecture described in the application note AN75779– How to Implement an Image Sensor Interface Using EZ-USB FX3 in a USB Video Class (UVC) Framework. Note that this application note implements USB Video Class (UVC) Framework for an FX3 device. The GPIF II interface settings can be configured based on the Slave FIFO interface described in the application note AN65974- Designing with the EZ-USB® FX3™ Slave FIFO Interface. Refer to the Slave FIFO write operations section in AN65974 to understand the FPGA to FX3 interface. FX3 uses the standard Slave FIFO control signals available from the ECP5 FPGA to provide write access to internal FIFO buffers that can be committed to the Host system through the DMA channel present within FX3.
Note: Cypress can help users to develop FX3 firmware to support additional features. Contact Cypress Technical Support for additional board files, FX3 firmware and FPGA files to test prototype.


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The familiar design of the blue dot
When designing the live Tube map for TfL Go, we realised displaying the user's location on the map would greatly improve the experience. We wanted to bring the familiar design of a blue location dot, like that found in Google / Apple maps, to the iconic Tube map.
The Tube map intentionally deviates from the actual geographical layout of lines and station to improve clarity and usability. This is achieved by simplifying lines with 45-degree bends, spacing stations more regularly and enlarging central London, emphasising the relationship between stops, rather than their exact geographical locations.
Showing a user's location in this distorted 2D space would prove challenging, especially when their location is not close to a line or station.
"We have data for the positions of lines and stations on both maps and we needed a tool to link these two data sets."
To drive the blue dot, we needed to link the two-dimensional space of a geographical map of London with the distorted space of the schematic Tube map. We have data for the positions of lines and stations on both maps and we needed a tool to link these two data sets.
A unique mapping tool
We created a new internal iOS app to achieve this and included functionality to enable us to visualise the mapping between the two data sets and tweak this where necessary.
The mapping could then be exported from the app as a file containing a huge list of pairs of points spaced 50 meters along every line. These pairs include a geographical coordinate (longitude, latitude) and the corresponding Tube map canvas point (x, y).
Using the coordinate to point mapping data file, we developed an algorithm that takes the user's location coordinate and finds the closest point on a line on the Tube map.
This starts by finding the nearest coordinate on a line, calculates how far this point is between the two adjacent stations, then finds the canvas point in the same proportion along the line on the Tube map.
"The 'snapping' algorithm is ideal when the user is close to a line, as it snaps the blue dot to the closest point."
This 'snapping' algorithm is ideal when the user is close to a line on the map, as it snaps the blue dot to the closest point along that line. When the user is further away from a line, this snapping behaviour isn't desirable, so we developed another algorithm better suited to finding the ideal position for the blue dot in empty spaces on the Tube map.
This algorithm works by finding the closest geographical coordinate on a line in 8 directions (octants) from the user's location. The distance between pairs of these 8 coordinates is then calculated and by comparing to the distance of the 8 corresponding points on the Tube map, we can approximate the average scale (ratio between distances on each map) at the user's location.
Fading between algorithms
Now we can calculate the distance and angle from the user's location to each of the 8 surrounding geographical coordinates and using the same angles and scaled distances, triangulate 8 Tube map canvas points (approximations of the user's location on the Tube map).
The blue dot is then placed at the average of these 8 canvas points. By weighting the points according to proximity before averaging, we achieved more desirable results. We now have two algorithms, the snapping algorithm suited for locations along lines and the triangulation algorithm suited to locations between lines.
The final location algorithm used in TfL Go combines the output of the snapping and triangulation algorithms seamlessly, depending on the user's proximity to a line. If the user is within 25 metres of a line, we use the 100% of the snapping algorithm, between 25 – 75 metres we fade between the two algorithms, and beyond 75 metres, we use 100% of the triangulation algorithm.
Thanks to this algorithm, TfL Go can now accurately display the user's location on the Tube map. Next time you use TfL Go to explore London, keep an eye out for the blue dot moving on the map!


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Optimization of Concrete Open-Loop Pumping Displacement Control Parameters under Variable Loads
To solve the problem of piston striking cylinder and pumping insufficiency, an optimization method of concrete open-loop pumping displacement control is derived and presented. In order to control piston stroke effectively, the optimization model of concrete open-loop pumping displacement control parameters is built based on considering the system's open-loop characteristics. Satisfying the physical constraint of preventing piston striking cylinder and maximizing piston's effective stroke are taking as the evaluation criterion during the modeling process. Using this method, simulation and experimental research has been proceeded in a type of concrete pump. The result shows that concrete pumping piston can not only meet the noninterference physical constraint, but also increase the pumping efficiency significantly under variable loads. The optimization model provides a new method that can be used in engineering practice for solving the design problem of concrete pumping open-loop control system under variable loads.
Yungang Li, Pengcheng Wang, Liqun Ai, Xiaoming Sang and Jinglong Bu
A. L. Wang et al., "Optimization of Concrete Open-Loop Pumping Displacement Control Parameters under Variable Loads", Advanced Materials Research, Vols. 291-294, pp. _PHONE_, 2011


1. Forum
 2. >
 3. Topic: Duolingo
 4. >
 5. pronunciation - words said di…
pronunciation - words said differently depending on usage
The word "live" can be pronounced one way as in "We live in the red house" or an other way as in "The band played live. I notice in the section "Lugares - I know spanish - I want to learn english" the pronunciation is the "wrong" one.
Not sure how many languages have this same dilemma or how easy it is for the computer generated voice to be fixed.
June 16, 2013
You should report this using the "report a problem" button on the page where it occurs.
Working across all 6 languages, I find this is mostly an issue in the learning English section and a little bit in the learning German section. Common English ones are those like 'wind, record, live' and also the way the speaker pronounces 'fertig' in German always puts my knickers in a knot ;-)
I have reported these many times, but have not noticed any change. Duolingo seems to be very prompt when one reports a translation issue, but when one reports a vocal issue, it doesn't seem to change. Maybe it is just a harder thing to fix the vocals.


text:
verb (used with object), de·mor·al·ized, de·mor·al·iz·ing.
- to deprive (a person or persons) of spirit, courage, discipline, etc.; destroy the morale of: The continuous barrage demoralized the infantry.
- to throw (a person) into disorder or confusion; bewilder: We were so demoralized by that one wrong turn that we were lost for hours.
- to corrupt or undermine the morals of.
- to undermine the morale of; disheartenhe was demoralized by his defeat
- to debase morally; corrupt
- to throw into confusion
c.1793, "to corrupt the morals of," from French démoraliser, from de- "remove" (see de-) + moral (adj.) (see moral). Said to be a coinage of the French Revolution. Sense of "lower the morale of" (especially of armies) is first recorded 1848. Related: Demoralized; demoralizing.


Sunday, 22 May 2016
The Tale of Elen of the Ways
 St Helen of Caenarfon
The Roman road, Sarn Elen is named after Saint Elen ( angliscised to Helen) whose feast day is celebrated today which connects her to Spring. Saint Elen was a late 4th century founder of churches here in Wales. Her influence on present day Wales still evident by the existing roads that bear her name, ancient Roman roads throughout the British Isles – that we can all still walk along. Roman roads in Britain are often called Sarn Elen, but it is possible that the original Elen's causeways belong to a much earlier period. Evidence of earlier paving is found under some of the roads, but the straightness of the Roman roads must sure have impressed the locals. The Celts associated straight paths with magic and the Otherworld, the paths that fairies took from one mound to another, the straight path of a magical spell, and the spirit flight of the shaman. It is significant that Elen is first beheld in a dream, then goes on to build a network of magical roads across Britain. Some associate these with ley lines, the ancient trackways that are said to join together ancient sites, such as tumuli, burial mounds, hillforts, stone circles and so on. It is possible that Elen is the guardian of these, or perhaps she is the guardian of the paths of dreams and visions.
She was the patron Saint of travel long before St. Christopher. On present day survey maps Sarn Elen is clearly posted. it is said that Elen is responsible for the building of these roads which in an ancient Britain connected strongholds. Some of these roads are associated with ley (energy) lines.The Welsh revered Elen as Elen of the Roads who at Beltane (1st May) opened the season of travel.She is certainly a pre-Roman goddess, and possibly much older than the Celts. The first trackways across Britain are said to have been reindeer tracks; Elain is Welsh for deer, and it is possible that Elen is one of the horned goddesses portrayed in Celtic art, such as the two figures found at Lackford and Icklighmam.
Elen's story is told in The Dream of Macsen Wledig, one of the tales associated with the Mabinogion.Welsh mythology remembers her as the daughter of a chieftain of north Wales named Eudaf or Eudwy, who probably lived somewhere near the Roman base of Segontium now Caernarfon in North Wales. and as the the wife of Macsen Wledig ( Magnus Maximus), the 4th-century emperor in Britain, Gaul and Spain who was killed in battle in 388 AD.
The Mabinogion collection is drawn from Medeival writings, although it is accepted that most of the tales were probably transmitted orally for centuries previous to their writing down. Nevertheless by the twelfth century, Britain had been Christian for a long time while it is clear that while some characters have been diminished, while once they were gods or otherworldly heroes, they appear in the tales as ordinary humans. Some believe that Saint Elen or Helen is such a diminished goddess, and her tale does give us a few snippets which tend to support this idea. There is her mysterious appearance in Macsen's dream, and the curious, almost ritualistic surroundings in which she first appears. She sits upon a magical seat that grows bigger when Macsen joins Elen upon it. There is the emphasis on her beauty and magnificance, which could indicate an otherworldly appearance.
And then there is this business with the roads, which has led many modern pagans to proclaim her as goddess of roads, ley lines, shamanic journeying, a guardian of all who journey etc. In addition some modern pagan writers, in a bid to increase the amount of information we have on Elen, are assuming that she is identical with other goddesses such as Brighid or that she is the forerunner of such goddesses.
Through the ages Elen and Helen's lives have been combined. In myth and legend Elen is representative of the land of Britain itself, Elen of the Ways istherefore a rich combination of legend, myth, history and imagination..
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How to Qualify for E-2 Investor Immigration Visa
E2 Treaty Investor Visa
How to Qualify for E-2 Investor Immigration Visa
E-2 investor visa allows entry to the United States (from another country that the United States maintains a treat y with) in order to work based on a substantial amount of investment and control he or she will hold while in the United States.
In Order to Qualify For an E-2 Nonimmigrant Visa, You Must Satisfy the Following:
 1. Nationals must be from a country that has an existing treaty with the United States;
 2. Substantial investment, ownership, or control must be held by the nationals; and
 3. A citizenship of that country must be held by those seeking E status under the treaty.
Active Investment
The investment must be active. An active investment refers to its operation and services. In other words, the investment must allow the investor to undertake procedures in an effort to produce goods for profit. The investor must be engaged in the business enterprise; passive activities within the business enterprise will not qualify. For example, purchasing a property may not be sufficient. Instead, the investor must hire employees in order to manage, develop, improve, and maintain that property. Throughout this process, the investor must remain active by controlling and directing the investment in order to begin or continue providing services.
Substantial Investment
The investment must be substantial. While there is no set minimum amount to consider the investment "substantial," it must nonetheless be substantial in its connection to the total expenses of purchasing an existing or already established business enterprise. Also, a substantial amount of capital must be sufficient to secure the successful operation of the business enterprise.
One of two tests must be met in order to be considered a "substantial" investment:
 1. If an investment is made towards an existing business, then it must be proportional to the full value of that enterprise;
 2. If an investment is made towards a new business, then it must be an amount generally deemed necessary to establish a practical enterprise of that type.
Not Marginal Investment
Investment must not be marginal. That is to say, the investment must have the potential or power to produce enough income in order to support a decent living for the treaty investor and his family. Additionally, in most instances, such investment should provide individuals living in the U.S. with job opportunities. While creating employment opportunities for U.S. workers is not a requirement, it can be used to show that the investment is not marginal. When an investment is not considered to be marginal, it will require individuals beyond the investor to operate the business or enterprise. Further, it will generate enough income to fulfill the investors living expenses, along with payment of its U.S. workers.
Therefore, the issue is whether there is a projected and reliable return on the investment in order to meet the requirements of an E-2 treaty investor visa.
Essential Role in Enterprise
An essential role in an enterprise can be held by both the principal investor and certain employees of the investing enterprise. Both can obtain a treaty-investor status.
An individual, applying to enter the U.S. as a treaty investor, is considered a principal investor when he has a majority—at least 50%—ownership in the business, along with the responsibly of controlling and developing that enterprise. This generally occurs when the investor owns a majority and controlling interest in the business.
Another way an individual can enter the U.S. is as an employee of a company.
In order to qualify for an E-2 nonimmigrant visa as an employee of a treaty investor, the following must be satisfied:
 1. Nationals from a treaty country must serve in a managerial capacity; or
 2. Nationals from a treaty country who serve in technological capacity, such that
 - special skills, expertise, training, and qualifications are required in order to start-up the business;
 - national is needed to train or supervise others within that capacity; or
 - monitor and expand product improvement and quality.
Therefore, the employee must play an essential role for the operation of the company.
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Chinese researchers have measured the impact that textile dyeing wastewater treatment processes have on the removal of pollutant microfibers, which have shed from textiles. For the first time ever, they found the use of modern wastewater treatment processes removed above 95 percent of microfibers.
According to a research paper, the researchers selected a standard textile industry wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) which received the production wastewater of 33 printing and dyeing enterprises, between them treating an average of 30,000 tons per day of wastewater, which is discharged from the WWTP.
However, they suggested that, due to the huge volume of effluent involved, even a modest amount of microfibers being released per liter of effluent could result in significant amounts of fibers entering the environment.
They compared influent and effluent to measure the impact of modern treatment processes on the amount and type of microfibers contained in wastewater. They unveiled the average amount of microfibers was 334.1 (±24.3) items per liter of influent, and that reduced to 16.3 (±1.2) items per liter in the final effluent – a decrease of 95.1 percent.
The paper said that textile dyeing WWTP had an effective removal on pollutants including microfibers in wastewater. The study also indicated that the abundance of microfibers reduced at varying rates across different stages of treatment, which could provide a reference for the improvement of sewage treatment facilities in the future.
The researchers further added, "Despite this large reduction we calculated that this textile industry WWTP was releasing 4.89 × 108 of microfibers including microplastic fibers and non-micro plastic fibers into the receiving water every day."
They showed that despite the removal rates of microplastic fibers and non-micro plastic fibers achieved by this modern treatment plant when dealing with such a large volume of effluent even a modest amount of microplastics being released per liter of effluent could result in significant amounts of fibers entering the environment.


Why do people give to the United Way?
 - Some like the oversight United Way provides over partner agencies...making sure the finances are being handled properly.
 - Others like that someone else is checking to be sure the community's most critical problems are being targeted, not just band-aid solutions.
 - Still others appreciate the convenience of payroll deduction.
 - Some like that their donation can be directed to nearly any charity, anywhere they wish.
 - Everyone appreciates that they are helping those in need.
Why do employers like the United Way?
 - The United Way makes it easy for employers to help employees give back to their community. Many employers consider partnering with United Way as good corporate citizenship.
 - Since the United Way will direct employee donations to nearly any charitable organization, employers may choose to limit outside fundraising efforts.
 - Even the simplest payroll software accomodates payroll deduction. The employer simply sends one check to United Way on a monthly or quarterly basis. The United way does the work of keeping track of where the employee donations are directed.
Why do charities like the United Way?
 - Charities understand that United Way's trusted partnership with employers and their ability to utilize payroll deduction, is a powerful team that often results in larger donations directed to the charity.
 - Charities often suggest to their employees, their board members, and their supporters to take advantage of Donor Directed contributions and payroll deductions so that part, or all, of their donation benefits their organization.
 - Being a partner agency with United Way signals to the charity's donor that both the charity and the finances have been carefully reviewed by a third party.
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A scalar (electrogravitic) field allows for the manipulation of gravity.
See: Scalar Field
Strong scalar fields create electrical surge comparable to an electromagnetic pulse, but arising everywhere where gravity is effective (almost anywhere but a gravity shielded starship). This electrical surge will kill lifeforms, detonate fuels and explosives, fry electronics, combust combustibles, and vaporize ablative armor.
Less powerful scalar fields can be used as taser-like stun weapons and are used in military pistols such as the Nekovalkyrja Service Pistol, Type 30.


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The topic of this post is how to draw gold metal. Giving up the gold gel pen and making the gold illusion on your own is a challenge even for advanced illustrators. In this step by step tutorial, I will show you how to represent golden accessories and clothes in your fashion sketches without putting a lot of effort. Enjoy!
Step 1: Initial preparation
Draw the accessories and the garments you want to make look like they are made of gold. Try to have a clean sketch with no shading at this stage. Just neat outlines.
Step 2: Draw 3-Dimensional
Now it's time to just look at your drawing and think of volume. Close your eyes and imagine you were building the fashion figure out of clay. Mark the parts of the body that feel the closest to you with a very bright shade of yellow.
Leave the white of the paper in the center of these selections ( see the breast of the example illustration & the bracelet).
This technique is extremely useful to determine where to put the lights and the shadows in the cases when you don't have any specific source of light, so often seen in fashion photography.
Step 3: Building the light
Take a darker yellow shade and paint right next to the first layer.
Try to follow the outlines of the shape you are coloring. Notice how the light of the earring goes the same way as its shape.
Step 4: Drawing the gold base
Render all the rest of the shape with a light brownish color. You should blend gently the yellow with the brown shade, trying to leave the former as plain as possible. No perfectionism needed, just avoid entering too far in the yellows.
Step 5: Realistic gold
The essence of drawing realistic looking gold is in the shadows. Lay down a well-blended second layer of the brown shade. Put it in the places where the form feels further away from you. Use the technique described in Step 1 to guide you.
Step 6: Drawing golden shadows
Find a grey shade and add another layer of shadows to the gold. This time you may allow yourself to extend the shadows a bit. In order to obtain the high contrast that is so typical for golden items, place part of the gray tones close to the yellow lights.
Light tends to look even lighter when there is a strong shadow in neighborhood.
Step 7: Blend it all!
Take back the brownish color and blend the strong shadows. Metals are sleek and the blending will give you that sensation of metal.
Step 8: Optional step
This step is optional and depends on your personal preferences. If you would like to draw gold that is somehow warmer you can add touches of orange here and there. Remember to follow the volume of the figure when working with this color and avoid overworking it.
Understanding how to draw gold can take you to new creative ideas and great fashion designs. Unleash your imagination and have fun!


Combustion of Alkanols
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Combustion of Alkanols
Aim: To determine which alkanols has higher heat combustion
Hypothesis: The alkanols with the longer carbon chain will a higher heat combustion Background Information:
Heat combustion can be calculated by using various formulas. By using ΔH= -mcΔT, we can gather the amount of heat released. Since the experiment is exothermic, ΔH will have a negative value. By dividing the total amount by 1000, the units changes into KJ. Divide the total KJ of heat by the amount of fuel used(in grams) which gives the amount of kilo jewels per gram. By multiplying the total value by the molar mass of the alkanols will give the total KJ/mol. Method:
1. Use a clamp to connect a metal cup to a retort stand
2. Measure the initial weight of the of the alkanols
3. Add exactly 100 ml of water into the cup
4. Place the alkanols fuel source under the metal cup
5. Take the initial temperature of the water
6. Light the fuel source to heat the cup of water
7. When the temperature of the water increases by exactly 20 ̊C, blow out the flame 8. Measure the new weight of the fuel source
9. Record the result
10. Repeat for the other alkanols
Results:
Alkanols used| Fuel used (grams)| Kilo jewels per gram (KJ/g)| Kilo jewels per mole (KJ/mol)| Class average (KJ/g)| Class average (KJ/mol) | Methanol| 1.02| -8.2| -262.7| -8.4| -291|
Ethanol| 0.77| -10| -435| -12.1| -536|
Propanol| 0.78| -10.7| -644| -18.85| -883.2|
The molar heat combustion increases with carbon chain lengths as the alkanols contains hydrogen bonding and because of more carbons, this results in increased dispersion forces along the chain, thus the activation energy is higher and has a higher molar heat combustion.
Discussion:
The experiment results fell a little out of range of the class average. The reliability of the experiment was high as most groups in the class results were consistent. The...
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text:
$ -base +pretty
Above, except that if the last line of the first argument stops at least one position before the first line of the second begins, these two lines are overlapped. For example:
> text "hi" $$ nest 5 (text "there")
lays out as
> hi there
$$ is associative, with identity empty, and also satisfies
* (x $$ y) <> z = x $$ (y <> z), if y non-empty.
Above, with no overlapping. $+$ is associative, with identity empty.


How is data read?
How DataStax Enterprise combines results from the active memtable and potentially multiple SSTables to satisfy a read.
To satisfy a read, the DataStax Enterprise (DSE) database must combine results from the active memtable and potentially multiple SSTables. If the memtable has the desired partition data, then the data is read and merged with the data from the SSTables.
The database processes data at several stages on the read path to discover where the data is stored, starting with the data in the memtable and finishing with SSTables:
 1. Check the memtable
 2. Check row cache, if enabled
 3. Check Bloom filter
 4. Find the partition offset in the partition index in the chunk cache/memory
 5. If any required index data is not present in the cache, pull it from disk
 6. Read the data from the uncompressed chunk cache
 7. If any required data chunk is not present in the cache:
 1. Locate the data on disk using the compression offset map
 2. Fetch the data from the SSTable on disk into the chunk cache
Figure 1. Read request flow
Row cache
Typical of any database, reads are fastest when the most in-demand data fits into memory. The operating system page cache is best at improving performance, although the row cache can provide some improvement for very read-intensive operations, where read operations are 95% of the load. Rowcache is not recommended for write-intensive operations. If the row cache is enabled, it stores a subset of the partition data stored on disk in the SSTables in memory. In DataStax Enterprise 5.0 and later, the row cache is stored in fully off-heap memory using an implementation that relieves garbage collection pressure in the Java Virtual Machine (JVM). The subset stored in the row cache uses a configurable amount of memory for a specified period of time. When the cache is full, the row cache uses LRU (least-recently-used) eviction to reclaim memory.
The row cache size is configurable, as is the number of rows to store. Configuring the number of rows to be stored is a useful feature, making a "Last 10 Items" query very fast to read. If row cache is enabled, desired partition data is read from the row cache, potentially saving two seeks to disk for the data. The rows stored in row cache are frequently accessed rows that are merged and saved to the rowcache from the SSTables as they are accessed. After storage, the data is available to later queries. The row cache is not write-through. If a write comes in for the row, the cache for that row is invalidated and is not cached again until the row is read. Similarly, if a partition is updated, the entire partition is removed from the cache. When the desired partition data is not found in the row cache, the bloom filteris checked.
Bloom filter
Each SSTable has an associated Bloom filter, which can establish that an SSTable does not contain certain partition data. A Bloom filter can also determine the likelihood that partition data is stored in an SSTable by narrowing the pool of keys, which increases partition key lookup.
The DSE database checks the Bloom filter to discover which SSTables are likely to have the requested partition data. If the Bloom filter does not rule out an SSTable, the DSE database checks the partition index. Not all SSTables identified by the Bloom filter will have data. Because the Bloom filter is a probabilistic function, it can sometimes return false positives.
The Bloom filter is stored in off-heap memory, and grows to approximately 1-2 gigabytes (GB) per billion partitions. In an extreme case, each row can have a partition, so a single machine can easily have billions of these entries. To trade memory for performance, tune the Bloom filter.
Partition index
The partition index maps partition keys to a row index and supports iteration from a partially specified partition position if required. The size of database partitions often varies. The partition index trie data structure uses a unique byte-ordered partition key prefixes to point to:
 - A row index for tables that have wide partitions
 - Directly to the data position in a file for tables that have partitions that only include a few rows or a single row
If a leaf of the trie is reached, then the prefix of the partition key matches some content in the file, but we are not yet sure if it is a full match for the partition key. The leaf node points to a place in the row index or data file. In either case, the first bytes at the specified position contain a serialization of the partition key, which is compared to the mapped key. If it matches, we have found the partition. If not, since the stored prefixes are unique, no data for this partition exists in the SSTable.
Uncompressed data in chunk cache (memory)
The chunk cache buffers data before it is compressed and written to an SSTable. When reading data, uncompressed data is checked first. If the data is compressed and on disk, the process uses the compression offset map to locate the data on disk and uncompress the SSTable into memory. See Compaction.
Compression offset map
The compression offset map stores pointers to the exact location on disk where the desired partition data will be found. This location is stored in off-heap memory and is accessed by either the partition key cache or the partition index. After the compression offset map identifies the disk location, the desired compressed partition data is fetched from the correct SSTable(s). The query then receives the result set.
Note: Within a partition, all rows are not equally expensive to query. The very beginning of the partition (the first rows, clustered by your key definition) is slightly less expensive to query because there is no need to consult the partition-level index.
The compression offset map grows to 1-3 gigabytes (GB) per terabyte (TB) compressed. The more data is compressed, the greater number of compressed blocks required, and the larger the compression offset table. Compression is enabled by default even though going through the compression offset map consumes CPU resources. Having compression enabled makes the page cache more effective, and typically results in a timely search.


text:
Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference (한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집)The Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering (한국소음진동공학회)
This study is put a focus on the identification of sound characteristics according to the interior configuration of sound absorption material and air gap. Noise barrier is general consists of front perforated panel, air layer, sound absorption material, air gap and back plate. Noise barrier is required to the NRC value of 0.7. The absorbing performance of the noise barrier relies on the opening ratio of the perforated panel and the efficiency of the absorbing material. This study has observed the effect of opening ratio and hole size, the increase of sound absorbing performance by the configurations of sound absorption material and air gap. New designed noise barrier is achieved the acoustical performance of 0.87 the measurement in a reveration room.


Geofencing Automation Tiles
 - 13 Apr 2022
 - 1 Minute to read
Geofencing Automation Tiles
You can easily geofence any of your automation tiles. Geofencing prevents users from triggering the action linked to the tile if they aren't within a certain distance of the tile.
For example, you may not want customers to be able to unlock doors or check in while they aren't in your space by taking a picture of the tile and scanning its QR code.
When geofencing is enabled in a tile's settings, the tile can only be used if the user reading it is near or within your space. You can define the center of that area along with its radius (how wide the circle around that center point is).
 1. If the navigation menu isn't visible, click the menu icon in the top left corner of the page.
 2. Click on the tile you want to geofence.
 3. Click on the Restrictions tab.
 4. Enable the Geo-fencing toggle.
 5. Look up your space using the Search place bar.
 6. Define the tile's geofencing Radius.
The Radius is based on the location you've defined in step 6.
If your location is '12 Chester House, SE5 J7K' and you set the tile's Radius to 2 meters, users will be able to trigger the tile's action up to 2 meters away from that location.
 1. Define the geofencing Precision.
Precision relies on each user's phone geolocation accuracy.
The higher the precision level, the more accurate the user's geolocation must be for them to be able to trigger the tile action.
Tiles placed indoors typically require a lower precision level since phones geolocation is hindered within buildings.
 1. Click the Save Changes button.
All set! Your tile is now geofenced.