Imagine receiving for Christmas—or the holiday of your choice—a gift that you could then use to scan the tree or other holiday items. Thanks to METIS, you could scan your Christmas tree and then reproduce its texture using any of a variety of analog or digital print processes.
One of the fastest-growing applications in wide-format and industrial printing is textures. Particularly in the area of décor, items like laminate flooring can be printed to simulate the feel of wood. While a lot has been written about how these kinds of materials are printed, typically using UV flatbed wide-format printers, not much has been said about the front end of the process. How exactly are these textures created?
Based in Rome, METIS manufactures high-quality, multi configuration scanners specifically designed for the décor industry. They can capture a photorealistic reproduction of an existing surface such as a fine-art painting, wood, or ceramic/stone flooring, a solid panel or a wallcovering.
Step one is to gather those surface attributes, which include RGB color, 3D surface texture, and glossiness, which is what METIS scanners are uniquely designed to do.
The METIS technology was used in the design of this flooring and to generate surface data in this computer-generated room scene displaying the product.
"METIS scanners are considered to have the highest level of color accuracy across the largest area and over the course of time of any commercially available RGB scanner in the world today," said Rob Lawrence, business development manager for Metis scanners at CGS ORIS. "Additionally, METIS is wholly unique in the image acquisition process, and brings an exceptional level of objectivity to the imaging process which is one of the key reasons it was brought into the product offering at CGS ORIS."
CGS ORIS is the official dealer for METIS scanners in the U.S.
High-Res Image Capture
METIS scanners are different from traditional flatbed scanners, because they scan the surface with a 16,300-pixel CMOS sensor and temperature-controlled LEDs up to eight times, each with tightly controlled angle and distance.
The captured data is saved into a proprietary file format. Once captured, METIS's Light Inspector software acts like a virtual photography studio where the operator views, in real time, a virtually unlimited number of lighting combinations to select the view of the surface that best represents the original.
Specialty texture mapping offers various possibilities.
In addition, because of these known lighting angles, distances and temperatures, the METIS software will isolate and calculate the 3D surface depth and surface roughness/ glossiness variance. This data can be then exported as grayscale TIFFs (16-bit, 8-bit, 8-bit layers, 1-bit, and/or 1-bit slices) which can be used for laser and chemical etch engraving of press plates and gravure cylinders or single-pass and/or multi-pass UV inkjet printing and embellishment applications.
Hardware also needs software, and each METIS scanner comes bundled with METIS's ScanDirector, which controls the scanning process with all the controls needed for the most advanced photography requirements. Both applications share the same user interface and work interchangeably. METIS also offers additional licenses of Light Inspector for remote computers, which can be a tremendous benefit to a designer in a different location who wishes to select the lighting angle intensities to capture the nature/essence the surface they chose for a specific design.
Everything—Including the Kitchen Sink
METIS scanners are also unique in the variety of the surfaces they can capture.
"With heavy-duty powder-coated steel scanning tables, the scanners can hold over 500 pounds," Lawrence said. "But with integrated sensors, the scanners can be adjusted to detect the slightest weight change and resistance allowing the most delicate originals to be scanned without danger of being damaged by the scanner."
Some examples of materials scanned at METIS's demo center include a whole kitchen sink, 500-pound granite slabs, barn doors, white glazed tiles, oiled asphalt, oil, acrylic and watercolor paintings, grand-format maps, denim and a host of other kinds of textiles.
And we had to ask: what is the coolest thing anyone has scanned and developed with a METIS scanner?
"A fashion house in Milan scanned the wings of a preserved falcon and used the pattern to emboss the shoulders and sleeves of a leather jacket," Lawrence said. "We had one client lay mud on the table for a textile design."
Got mud? No problem with the METIS DRS 2000 DCS Large Format Scanner.
Given the variety of materials and surfaces the scanners can digitize, they are well-suited for a wide range of markets. The three primary markets that the company specifically serves are décor (flooring, wall panels, wall coverings and ceramic tiles), fine-art reproduction and archival services (libraries and museums). Naturally, each of these markets has different imaging requirements.
"Depending on the market, the desired resolution, and if they plan to reproduce texture and glossiness will determine the kind of output required from the scanner," Lawrence said.
Pattern texture mapping to enhance wallpaper printing.
Market Dynamics
All markets have their own dynamics. "Decor is undergoing a transformation to a digital workflow," Lawrence said. "With digital will come a huge demand for more depth. The METIS scanner is a high throughput scanning technology equipped to deliver all of the needed data and files for the latest digital printing technologies, which include the ability to generate surface texture and glossiness for embellishment or texture builds."
For the fine-art market, some of the benefits that the METIS scanner offer are similar, but there are some unique requirements for this market.
"The ability to capture and reproduce an original work of art with a printing process requires not only an ability to accurately reproduce a painting, but also an adept understanding of the artists they serve," Lawrence said. "The METIS gives the fine-art professional a tool to start off with the most complete and accurate capture, and combines it with a scanning methodology and software tool to work with the artist side-by-side to capture the true essence of the original in real time."
The scanner can also export accurate surface texture and glossiness details in formats unique to each printer's capabilities, such as ink thickness per pass, as well as the ability for the RIP to lay down individual layers to build up the surface height.
For archival services, it's all about capturing detail and consistency.
"The METIS scanners were designed to provide the highest level of light uniformity and detail for the most challenging originals," Lawrence said. "METIS flatbed scanners are among the rare elite scanners capable of achieving a FADGI 4-Star designation, the highest quality standard in the archival industry."
Some specific METIS customers and the kinds of tasks to which they are putting the scanner include:
 - The world's best-known tile manufacturers and retailers use the METIS to generate original designs and to create their marketing imagery for catalog and online content.
 - The décor manufacturers in the U.S. are using the METIS to reduce time, costs, and ultimately product returns by generating more effective sample materials.
 - Fine-art reproduction houses are using the METIS to produce higher-quality images for 2D giclées, as well as 3D-textured fine-art reproductions produced on a flatbed UV printer.
 - Colorimetry for hard-to-color-manage printed media such as ceramics, wood, concrete, and carpeting.
Opportunities for Print Service Providers
METIS scanning technology can also provide opportunities for graphic arts firms and print service providers.
"With advancements in 3D and 3D-like technologies, there is a need for realistic surface data, and the METIS's ability to capture and deliver graphics of the surface attributes of color, texture and glossiness will mean greater realism with these technologies," Lawrence said.
The METIS technology scans materials from a topical level. This approach also benefits colorimetry creation for materials which would be impossible to profile by traditional methods. When accurately reproducing hard-to-replicate detail, proper color management is just as important as the images color data. METIS has partnered with ColorGate Digital Output Solutions, GmbH to prepare colorimetry for accurate color management. What traditionally took hours now takes just minutes.
Multi-use METIS Surf 3D ColorGate Edition creates textured scans and colorimetry.
The benefits go beyond print. The METIS scanner can bring new revenue sources to graphic arts firms by "being able to reproduce 3D texture reproductions with existing UV printing equipment or providing scanning services for CGI/PBR (computer-generated imagery/physical based rendering) applications," Lawrence said.
METIS scanners could help expand offerings for print service providers' clients in that they can provide their clients with extremely color accurate photorealistic and/ or tactile realistic reproductions, and the scanners can deliver image data in whatever format is needed for a given print manufacturing method. And scanning surfaces are required for a host of needs beyond print, such as virtual/augmented reality, CGI, and PBR. Computer-generated room scenes, product displays, video game environments, and movies are increasingly calling for more photorealistic surface textures.
Think Outside the Box—and Then Scan the Box
What advice would Lawrence give creative designers when thinking about doing custom scanning for their production process?
"First of all, think outside the box," he said, "but remember that the scanner's job is to give you an absolutely faithful capture of the original. So, before you send a surface to be scanned, be sure it is as close as possible to how you wish the final output to appear. This includes gloss/sheen levels. But don't just get stuck on one option, the METIS software enables real-time lighting perspective changes post-scan to allow for virtually unlimited perspectives that would take other scanning technologies days to try to create. It is easily adjustable to scan multiple scan mapping options


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PHP PSR-3 Log Interface Specification
Author: bamboo06 on 2-02-2019, 17:34, views: 2185
0 The main purpose of this specification is to allow the log class library to log information in a simple and generic way by receiving a PsrLogLoggerInterface object. The framework and the CMS content management system can extend this interface if necessary, but this specification is required to ensure that the log interface can still be properly connected when using third-party class library files. This article develops a generic interface specification for the log class library.
PHP PSR-3 Log Interface Specification
The implementers in this article refer to the class libraries or frameworks that implement the LoggerInterface interface. Conversely, they are the users of LoggerInterface.
Category: PHP Scripts

PHP PSR-2 code style specification
Author: bamboo06 on 2-02-2019, 17:26, views: 1200
0 This specification is an inheritance and extension of the PSR-1 basic code specification. This specification hopes to reduce the inconvenience caused by the different styles of the code when browsing the code of different authors by formulating a series of rules for normalizing PHP code.
PHP PSR-2 code style specification
When multiple programmers work together on multiple projects, a common coding specification is needed. The style specification in this article is derived from the common characteristics of multiple different project code styles. Therefore, the value of this specification is that we all follow This coding style is not about itself.
Category: PHP Scripts

PHP PSR-1 basic code specification
Author: bamboo06 on 2-02-2019, 17:06, views: 1277
0 Encoding specifications and standards are extremely important when working with groups to develop PHP projects. Next, let's revisit the PHP code related specifications developed by the FIG organization. The current general specifications are: PSR-1 basic code specification, PSR-2 code style specification, PSR-3 log interface specification, PSR-4 Autoloader automatic loading specification.
PHP PSR-1 basic code specification
The PSR-1 Basic Code Specification establishes standards for the basic elements of the code to ensure a high degree of interoperability between shared PHP code.
Category: PHP Scripts

Implementation of file breakpoint resume by HTML5
Author: bamboo06 on 31-01-2019, 22:10, views: 1443
1 HTML5's FILE api has a slice method that splits the BLOB object. The front end obtains the corresponding file through the FileList object, segments the large file according to the specified splitting manner, and then passes it to the back end one by one, and then the back end then splicing the files in a sequence.
Implementation of file breakpoint resume by HTML5
At present, there are two commonly used methods for resuming breakpoints. One is to upload files through the websocket interface, and the other is through ajax. Both methods have their own advantages. Although websocket sounds more high-end, it uses different ones. The other algorithms outside the protocol are basically similar, and the server needs to open the ws interface. Here, the relatively convenient ajax is used to illustrate the idea of uploading the breakpoint.
Category: Javascript / HTML5

Core.css - lightweight CSS reset and grid system
Author: bamboo06 on 31-01-2019, 22:03, views: 1047
0 Core.css is a very small CSS reset and grid system. If your project is very small, you don't need to use a large css framework such as Bootstrap. You only need less than 4kb core.css, you can have css reset. And grid systems and responsive layouts.
Core.css - lightweight CSS reset and grid system
Core.css uses a .row to represent the rows in the container. If you append a class with the largest width to it, it represents a fixed-width row, otherwise it is a full-screen row. .col represents the column in the container, which divides the width of the container into 12 columns, which is what we often call a 12-grid system. .xs-12 represents a column width of 100%. Similarly, .xs-3 represents a column width of 25% because it requires 4 .xs-3 to reach 100% of the 12 grid. Others are analogously from .xs-1 to xs-12.
Category: CSS

Monolog-PHP log class library introduction
Author: bamboo06 on 2-12-2018, 17:47, views: 1826
0 Monolog is a full and easy to expand log log library under php. There are many well-known php frameworks including Symfony, Laravel, CakePHP and so on that have Monolog built in. Monolog can send your logs to files, sockets, inboxes, databases and various web services.
Monolog-PHP log class library introduction
Monolog follows the PSR3 interface specification and can be easily replaced with other log classes that follow the same specification. Monolog has good extensibility. Through the interfaces Handler, Formatter and Processor, you can expand and customize the Monolog library.
Category: PHP Scripts / Plugins

https is the trend of the development of the world's websites
Author: bamboo06 on 27-11-2018, 14:27, views: 1615
0 HTTPS This is a lot of websites that are used to protect user data. It is enabled when the user logs in. More often, due to trade-offs in performance overhead, basically all data is transmitted unencrypted. Multimedia files, especially streaming media, seem to have no security problems in plain text transmission. However, they actually have very serious consequences, such as being maliciously hijacked traffic, and inserting a small advertisement on the page. The visitor also thought that this was the advertisement provided by the interviewed station. If it is a normal advertisement, it can be tolerated, but pornographic gambling false medical advertisements abound. This is certainly not a good user experience.
https is the trend of the development of the world's websites
So, in our particular environment, it's okay to focus on HTTPS, not to mention deploying HTTPS for the purpose of protecting user privacy.
Category: Internet

Website status code
Author: bamboo06 on 14-11-2018, 18:19, views: 2207
2 404, 503, 301, the website status code is the most common, but as a webmaster, you should have more website status codes in order to respond to various errors in the website and fix errors faster. Here are some website status codes that Yang Xiaojie blogs for everyone.
Website status code
100 Continue
The initial request has been accepted and the customer should continue to send the rest of the request. (HTTP 1.1 new)
101 Switching Protocols
The server will switch to another protocol in accordance with the client's request (HTTP 1.1 new)
200 OK
Everything is ok, and the answer to the GET and POST requests is followed.
Category: Internet

Drag and Drop Drag and Drop for HTML5
Author: bamboo06 on 11-11-2018, 21:41, views: 2009
1 Drag & Drop is a common feature that grabs an object and drags it to another location. In HTML5, drag and drop is part of the standard, and any element can be dragged and dropped. In the past, we used the Mousedown, Mouseove, Mouseup and other events of the mouse to constantly acquire the coordinates of the mouse to modify the position of the element. Now the html5 native Drag & Drop event (DnD) is convenient and the performance is improved.
Internet Explorer 9+, Firefox, Opera 12, Chrome, and Safari 5 support drag and drop.
Category: HTML5

Use javascript to realize related operations of adding to cart
Author: bamboo06 on 10-10-2018, 16:53, views: 1926
1 There are many ways to add items to the shopping cart. The usual way is to click the "Add to Cart" button and you will be redirected to the shopping cart. In the shopping cart, you can click the "Billing" button to settle. Today I will introduce you to a more friendly solution.
Use javascript to realize related operations of adding to cart
By default, the shopping cart is hidden and invisible. When the user clicks the Add to Cart button, the item information will be added to the shopping cart. The shopping cart will appear as a button in the lower right corner of the page. Clicking the button will expand the shopping cart. , display the product information in the shopping cart, and also delete or settle the items in the shopping cart. Users can also temporarily close the shopping cart to continue shopping.
Category: Javascript / Plugins


text:
Land Survey Maps of China, _PHONE_
CHMap provides quick access to 4,088 land survey maps of China produced by either China's central and provincial governments or the land survey department of the Japanese Army during the late 19th and the early 20th centuries. They are the first maps that provide accurate and large-scale outlooks (1:50,000) to a wide geography of proper China. In CHMap, users can access these land survey maps digitized by Shanghai Jiao Tong University and hosted at Max Planck Institute for the History of Science, as well as those hosted at Academia Sinica.
300+ public maps layers of China and the World
In addition to the land survey maps, more than 300 public map layers of China and the World can be referenced and displayed.
User data import
The user can also import a dataset in the form of CSV (Comma Separated Values), JSON, and IIIF manifest from the local drive or from a URL.
Lite Geo-Referencing for IIIF images
CHMap provide an easy-to-use geo-refenrencing tool to add geographical coordinates (location information) to IIIF images, which are now a popular standard for digital images among galleries, libraries, archives, and museums. Unlike the usual geo-referencing steps that cost intensive human labor, the Lite Geo-Referencing tool in CHMap allows the user to specify only one geo-coordinate (for the center of an image) or four coorindates (for four corners of an image) and thus reduce the work load of geo-referencing large quantities of images.
CHMap is designed to bring maps that were produced in different time spans with differnt production technologies and that are hosted now by different institutions to be viewed together on a web interface. This allows users to easily find maps and images from the same regions, compare them, and see the different spatial epistemologies carried out by the map producers.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


:
 1. Braces delimiting a macro argument do not create a scope (they are consumed on parsing the argument). However, some commands will themselves introduce a brace group in their expansion. The following will not be typeset ragged right, because the implementation of \emph expands its argument inside a brace group:
 \emph{\raggedright Some text I tried to typeset italic and ragged right.}
 2. The braces around a macro definition also do not create a scope, allowing us to write things like
 \newcommand\mybold{this: \bfseries}
 Everything after \mybold is now set in boldface.
 which produces:
 Everything after this: is now set in boldface.
 3. LaTeX's \begin{something} and \end{something} macros internally add a brace group, so they are scope delimiters.
share|improve this answer
AFAIK, LaTeX does use the "delimited arguments" in picture environment. – mbork Nov 18 '12 at 12:49
Hmm, you mean the arguments delimited by parentheses, _USER_? That's another case of "internal" use, I'd say. LaTeX uses the feature to define its command syntax, but you can't specify arbitrary delimiters to your own macros with \newcommand, \ProvideCommand, etc.-- and since the LaTeX Gods direct us to only use the LaTeX interface, arbitrary delimiters are effectively forbidden. (With the very partial exception, now that I think about it, of the \verb command.) – alexis Nov 18 '12 at 19:35
no one seems to have mentioned that latex files are sometimes converted automatically to (for example) xml/mathml, and such converters may require scoping by braces where (la)tex itself does not.
share|improve this answer
If a conversion tool is so simplistic that it cannot apply TeX's tokenization rules, it's not going to be very useful anyway. – alexis Nov 13 '12 at 20:22
_USER_ -- it has often been pointed out that only tex can effectively parse and process tex code. witness the file xii.tex. i'll leave it at that. – barbara beeton Nov 13 '12 at 21:14
Certainly, but the lack of braces around tokens is not what makes this difficult. – alexis Nov 13 '12 at 21:37
I like to write as few brackets as possible. I "learned" this style after reading the TeXbook, since Knuth defines many macros in such a way that no brackets are needed.
I find his style much nicer and economical than LaTeX's usual definitions, where one needs to use brackets in many places, e.g. \chapter{Some title}. His macros are usually terminated by \par, so you write
\beginchapter Some title
and you're done (you just need to make sure to have a blanck line following it). The definition is in manmac.tex in case you're curious (it actually requires the chapter number followed by a dot before the title, but the idea is what counts here).
For another example, look at how his "letter" format on pag. 403 requires no brackets in any place. That's sheer elegance, IMHO.
After reading the TeXbook I realized how superflous brackets can be if you define your macros conveniently.
That's just one aspect of the use of brackets though.
share|improve this answer
That's ok for plain, but bad for LaTeX (as _USER_ explains). – Martin Schröder Nov 16 '12 at 14:21
There are a few places in TeX where braces are a required part of the syntax but those are few. When it comes down to arguments then TeX accepts a single token without surounding braces so \mathrm i would work if "typeset". But try this:
\section{$\mathrm \x$}
and you will get a subtle error in your output (but no error message):
enter image description here
The reason is that \x is suddenly turned during processing into its components so what LaTeX sees when typesetting the TOC is $\mathrm log$ and thus only picks up "l" as the argument.
For this reason, the LaTeX manual claims that all arguments have to have braces even if this is technically not true.
Personally, I do not use braces in all such cases, but whenever the single token is a command one better think twice before omitting the braces because even if it appears to work it may not do so.
share|improve this answer
+1 for a very good example! I believe that something like \ProvideDocumentCommand exists that would overcome this problem? – yo' Nov 13 '12 at 13:46
_USER_ what you are thinking of is \DeclareRobustCommand because that is what would prevent the expansion messing things up. But my point was simply to show that because TeX is a macro language we have to understand that data gets expanded and not just "processed" once in a while and that has its own rules. Which is why the statement in your answer which i translate to "it doesn't matter" is simply not true always... it only doesn't matter sometimes and you need to know when which is non-trivial. And therefore LaTeX claims that they are always needed! – Frank Mittelbach Nov 13 '12 at 16:12
I don't say that braces does not matter generally. The OP clearly asks "... evevn if the result is the same", which I answer by saying: "If the result is the same, the result is the same", which is certainly a true statement. – yo' Nov 13 '12 at 19:50
_USER_ of course you are technically right: if there is no difference there is no difference. But my fear is that people reading your answer will take away from it not the wrong conclusion, i.e., not realizing that what appears to make no difference may be under certain circumstance result in a difference which is unfortunately the nature of the beast. – Frank Mittelbach Nov 13 '12 at 20:02
I added a disclaimer, you're right that it seems to be necessary. – yo' Nov 13 '12 at 20:53
The LaTeX book consistently uses {} in all cases so all the examples use that form, you always see a^{2} even though everyone knows that a^2 works just as well and arguably improves the look of the source.
When the command taking the argument is a macro and the argument is necessarily a single token, most people drop the brackets as a matter of course so
rather than
and that is effectively standard LaTeX syntax now as well.
However the equivalence between a single unbraced token and a brace group is most consistently implemented for macros. For TeX primitives sometimes they are equivalent and sometimes not. So you can go
\fbox{a} \fbox a
and they do the same thing (although I would never do the latter) but
boxes a but
\hbox a
! Missing { inserted.

More problematic are places where people omit brackets, relying on the parsing rules of a TeX primitive, which then breaks when you later load a package that redefines the command to give extra functionality.
A common example is sub or super scripting. You can go
which produces a to the half times b, but often it would be nice to redefine the ^ character to be an active character (or \mathcode"8000 character) with definition defined by \def or \newcommand If you do that, any properly braced usage still works but an example such as the above would then be equivalent to
The frac would then raise an error that it was missing its arguments.
A usage such as
would work whether the arguments of ^ where parsed as a TeX primitive superscript or as a macro.
Thus users ignoring the rules in the LaTeX book and not always bracing arguments can cause problems and limit the scope of package designers. (The standard LaTeX2e \frac and \mathrm and friends were explicitly designed to cope with that unbraced superscript use, on the grounds that keeping users happy was probably better than assuming they followed instructions.)
share|improve this answer
Your Answer


text:
We report on experimental branching fractions (BFs) for 19 transitions from the three 3d 5( 6S)4s4p( 3P) y6P levels in Fe II, measured in Fourier transform spectra of a Penning discharge lamp and a hollow cathode lamp. The transition wavelengths span the interval between 1600 and 2850 Å. Absolute oscillator strengths ( f-values) have been derived by combining the BFs with experimental radiative lifetimes recently reported in the literature. Theoretical f-values have been calculated using configuration interaction wavefunctions. The new experimental and theoretical f-values are compared with data available in the literature and in databases. The strongest lines measured belong to the UV 8 multiplet of Fe II, which has one ground state transition appearing as a prominent feature at 1608 Å in interstellar spectra. The line is accompanied by a satellite at 1611 Å due to a level mixing, which is discussed in the paper.
- Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology
- atomic data -- line: identification -- techniques: spectroscopic -- stars: abundances -- ISM: abundances


text:
The crown of the Queens of Bavaria
A little bit of history
In 1806, as part of his wholescale re-ordering of the map of Europe, Napoleon I of France upgraded the independant German Duchy to a full kingdom status. The former Duke of Bavaria, now King of Bavarie Maximillian I, commemorated the fact by commissioning a set of crown jewels for use by Bavarian monarchs.
Royal regalia of Bavaria
Included in the regalia were:
- The Crown of Bavaria – the King's crown, which was set with rubies, diamonds,
- emeralds, sapphires and pearls
- the Crown of the Queens of Bavaria, which was made for the then queen, Karoline of Baden and which contains huge pearls and large diamonds;
- The 96cms long State Sword;
- The Royal Orb – made of gols
- The 89cmslong Royal Sceptre set with brilliants, emeralds and sapphires and the top is surmounted by a small round crown.
As part of a republican Germany, Bavaria has not had a monarch since 1918 but the Bavarian Crown Jewels are still on show in the Treasury of the Residenz Palace in Munich

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Blended finance – a term that is being increasingly used amongst the sustainable investment community – refers to the use of catalytic capital from public or philanthropic sources to increase private sector investment in developing countries that is aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG's). But what exactly does blended finance mean and what does the market look like? Convergence invites you to a Connect and Learn Session where we will look more closely at the definitions and ecosystem of blended finance as well as showcase an innovative case study in the sector. This event offers a platform for experts in the field to exchange ideas while providing the background for new actors to gain a full understanding of how and why blended finance can attract increased volumes of funding towards the SDG's.
- Participants will leave with an increased capacity of what blended finance is and why it is one important tool and opportunity to help address development challenges;
- Gain an understanding of the key players, their roles, and the overall trends in the blended finance landscape;
- Learn from practical examples of blended finance transactions that have reached financial close.
Senior Manager Convergence


text:
A MEDIEVAL BARREL PADLOCK |
Locks of one kind or another have been used from ancient times for whenever man acquires desirable possessions there are those who are prepared to steal them. Barrel padlocks are known from at least the Roman period in this country but as they are generally made of iron they are rarely found in good condition. They are also used in the later Saxon and Viking period but again construction in iron means their survival rate is low. A complete 10th century example has however been found in Coppergate, York and it is on display at the Jorvik Viking Centre.1 It is of a larger size with more complex construction and decoration than these later Medieval examples but in general the operating principle remains the same.
They consist of two quite separate and detachable parts, one a cylindrical barrel with a bar above and the other the bolt. The bolt is a device with barb-springs that catch internally behind a stop within the barrel (fig.2; right) and a socket that engages with the external bar over the cylinder. In this position the lock is closed and requires a key to release the mechanism (fig.1; bottom). The key is inserted through an opening, often 'T' shaped, in the end of the barrel (fig.2; left). Inserting the key compresses the internal barb-springs to a level below the stops in the cylinder and thus allows the bolt to be withdrawn.
We might surmise that there are three different ways in which these locks could have been used. The first entails passing the bar through a hasp to secure a small chest or casket. The second method would involve a chain being attached to the item and over the bar of the lock before closing. The third less likely method would be a chain from the hole in the bracket (between cylinder and bar) then passing through the item and over the bar. These methods are only supposition - we have no firm proof of how they were originally attached. It may be that the small hole in the bracket was for a chain to keep the key safe until it was required. Examples found with a broken bar, if not caused by damage in the ground, may be the result of the lock being wrenched from its housing, either by forced entry or by the owner losing the key. Individual keys do turn up occasionally (see fig.1) so the latter is a possibility.
Usually when a complete lock is unearthed the bolt is found to be seized within the barrel due to the corrosion of the iron internal springs. However the author has found a complete example in which the bolt could be released because the barb springs remained intact. They had resisted corrosion because they were made of sheet bronze. This had been cut and bent to form the required shape (see fig.1) before being brazed onto the two projections of the bolt. In this way, on insertion of the bolt, a barb on each projection would engage above and below the stop inside the barrel. Traces of solder can still be seen on the bolt where the springs were attached. I have two other incomplete barrel padlock finds that show no obvious signs of internal corrosion so perhaps this method of construction was normal for the period.
Barrel padlocks made of iron, as in earlier times, were also used throughout the later Medieval period2 but the examples illustrated here are all made of copper-alloy. Many of these must be bronze but some examples have the appearance of a grey metal probably suggesting that the bronze was alloyed with lead as an aid to casting. Most of the barrel padlocks illustrated have an octagonal barrel with decoration on the lower three sides only (see fig.2; centre). Barrel padlocks of this type are believed to have been used from at least the 12th century and throughout the later Medieval period. The barrel padlock (fig.3; top right) is the exception with a slightly different form and decoration to all the others. It is also the only example that is corroded internally due to the use of iron springs. The decoration consists of simple incised grooving on both sides of the barrel.
These barrel padlocks have now been found during several archaeological excavations including Beverley, Yorks and many metal detectorists have also recorded them. There are some eight examples listed on The Portable Antiquities Site.3 As a means of security these small locks could never have been very efficient as a deterrent to theft yet they do provide us with tangible evidence of the Medieval locksmith's skill and ingenuity. If you are lucky enough to find a complete example of this type of lock then you will hold in your hands one of the few surviving pieces of working Medieval craftsmanship.
1. Ottaway P. - Anglo-Scandinavian Ironwork from 16-22 Coppergate. The Archaeology of York 17/6.
2. Ottaway P. and Rogers, N. - Craft and Industry, and Everyday Life : Finds from Medieval York. The Archaeology of York 17/15.
16-22 Coppergate, York - Padlock Finds
3. The Portable Antiquities Scheme
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exergonic reaction
n=1
a: Exergonic reaction ~
b: riding a bike a down hill
What:
No external pushing is needed for a bike to roll down hill. Contrast this with a endergonic reaction which is sorta like riding a bike up a hill. Riding a bike up a hill takes ALOT of energy from the person riding the bike.
Useful?
Writer: Not Stated
LCC:
Where: Reference Link Has Evaporated
Date: Feb 13 2015 11:28 AM
Green Venn Diagram
METAMIA is a free database of analogy and metaphor. Anyone can contribute or search. The subject matter can be anything. Science is popular, but poetry is encouraged. The goal is to integrate our fluid muses with the stark literalism of a relational database. Metamia is like a girdle for your muses, a cognitive girdle.


Wave Control with
Monday, March 13, 2017 - 10:15am - 11:05am
Keller 3-180
Mathias Fink (École Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI))
Photonic crystals and Metamaterials are made from assemblies of multiple elements usually arranged in repeating patterns at scales of the order or smaller than the wavelengths of the phenomena they influence. Because time and space play a similar role in wave propagation, wave propagation is affected by spatial modulation or by time modulation of the refractive index. Here we emphasize the role of time modulation. We show that sudden changes of the medium properties generate instant wave sources that emerge instantaneously from the entire wavefield and can be used to control wavefield and to revisit the way to create time-reversed waves. Experimental demonstrations of this approach with water waves will be presented and the extension of this concept to acoustic and electromagnetic waves will be discussed. More sophisticated time manipulations can also be studied in order to extend the concept of photonic crystals in the time domain.


text:
Hummus with olive oil
|Place of origin||Egypt, Levant|
|Main ingredient(s)||Chickpeas, tahini|
Hummus (Arabic: حُمُّص) is a Middle Eastern and Arabic food dip or spread made from cooked, mashed chickpeas blended with tahini, olive oil, lemon juice, salt and garlic. Today, it is popular throughout the Middle East, Turkey, North Africa, Morocco, and in Middle Eastern cuisine around the globe.
Hummus is an Arabic word (حمّص ḥummuṣ) meaning "chickpeas," and the complete name of the prepared spread in Arabic is حمّص بطحينة ḥummuṣ bi ṭaḥīna, which means "chickpeas with tahini". Spellings of the word in English can be inconsistent. "Houmous" is the standard spelling in British English. Among other spellings are hummus, hummous, hommos, humos, hommus and hoummos.
Many cuisine-related sources describe hummus as an ancient food, or connect it to famous historical figures such as Saladin. Indeed, its basic ingredients—chickpeas, sesame, lemon, and garlic—have been eaten in the region for millennia.
But in fact, there is no specific evidence for this purported ancient history of hummus bi tahini. Though chickpeas were widely eaten in the region, and they were often cooked in stews and other hot dishes, puréed chickpeas eaten cold with tahini do not appear before the Abbasid period in Egypt and the Levant.
The earliest known recipes for a dish similar to hummus bi tahini are recorded in cookbooks published in Cairo in the 13th century. A cold purée of chickpeas with vinegar and pickled lemons with herbs, spices, and oil, but no tahini or garlic, appears in the Kitāb al-Wusla ilā l-habīb fī wasf al-tayyibāt wa-l-tīb; and a purée of chickpeas and tahini called hummus kasa appears in the Kitab Wasf al-Atima al-Mutada: it is based on puréed chickpeas and tahini, and acidulated with vinegar (though not lemon), but it also contains many spices, herbs, and nuts, and no garlic. It is also served by rolling it out and letting it sit overnight, which presumably gives it a very different texture from hummus bi tahini.
|Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)|
|Energy||695 kJ (166 kcal)|
|Percentages are relative to
US recommendations for adults.
Source: USDA Nutrient Database
Hummus is high in iron and vitamin C and also has significant amounts of folate and vitamin B6. The chickpeas are a good source of protein and dietary fiber; the tahini consists mostly of sesame seeds, which are an excellent source of the amino acid methionine, complementing the proteins in the chickpeas. Depending on the recipe, hummus carries varying amounts of monounsaturated fat. Hummus is useful in vegetarian and vegan diets; like other combinations of grains and pulses, it serves as a complete protein when eaten with bread.
As an appetizer and dip, hummus is scooped with flatbread, such as pita. It is also served as part of a meze or as an accompaniment to falafel, grilled chicken, fish or eggplant. Garnishes include chopped tomato, cucumber, coriander, parsley, caramelized onions, sautéed mushrooms, whole chickpeas, olive oil, hard-boiled eggs, paprika, sumac, ful, olives, pickles and pine nuts (as photographed in the "History" section). Outside the Middle East, it is sometimes served with tortilla chips or crackers.
In Vegetarian Dishes from the Middle East, Arto der Haroutunian calls hummus, "One of the most popular and best-known of all Syrian dishes" and a "must on any mezzeh table." Syrians in Canada's Arab diaspora prepare and consume hummus along with other dishes like falafel, kibbe and tabouleh, even among the third and fourth-generation offspring of the original immigrants.
Hummus is a common part of everyday meals in Israel. A significant reason for the popularity of hummus in Israel is the fact that it is made from ingredients that, following Kashrut (Jewish dietary laws), can be combined with both meat and dairy meals. Few other foods can be combined with a wide variety of meals consistently with the dietary laws. It is seen as almost equally popular amongst Israeli Jews and Israeli Arabs. As a result of its popularity, Israelis elevated hummus to become a "national food symbol" and consume more than twice as much hummus as neighbouring Arab countries, according to figures by Tsabar Salads, a hummus manufacturer in Israel. Commenting on its popularity, Gil Hovav, an Israeli food editor interviewed on the BBC program Cooking in the Danger Zone, stated that "even during the intifada years Jews would sneak [...] into the Muslim quarter just to have a vital, really genuine good humous [sic]," and noted that like many dishes considered to be Israeli national foods, hummus is actually Arab. However, he also said, commenting on Iraqi, Egyptian, Syrian or Yemeni food in Israel, that "Jews came from these countries to Israel and they brought their food with them". Many restaurants run by Mizrahi Jews and Arab citizens of Israel are dedicated to hot hummus, which may be served as chick peas softened with baking soda along with garlic, olive oil, cumin and tahini. One of the fancier hummus versions available is hummus masabacha, made with lemon-spiked tahini garnished with whole chick peas, a sprinkling of paprika and a drizzle of olive oil. Hummus is sold in restaurants, supermarkets and hummus-only shops (known in Hebrew as humusiot).
For Palestinians, hummus has long been a staple food, often served warm, with bread, for breakfast, lunch or dinner. All of the ingredients in hummus are easily found in Palestinian gardens, farms and markets, thus adding to the availability and popularity of the dish. In Palestinian areas, hummus is usually garnished, with olive oil, "nana" mint leaves, paprika, parsley or cumin. A related dish popular in the region of Palestine and Jordan is laban ma' hummus ("yogurt and chickpeas"), which uses yogurt in the place of tahini and butter in the place of olive oil and is topped with pieces of toasted bread.
By the end of the 20th century, hummus had emerged as part of the American culinary fabric. In 2008, more than fifteen million Americans consumed hummus on a regular basis. Hummus became a popular staple in American restaurants with the Armenian migration from Lebanon to Southern California and the East Coast after the Lebanese Civil War (_PHONE_). It was further popularized in the United States by Jews returning from visits in Israel and by Israeli expatriates.
According to a 2010 market research, hummus consumption in the United States has increased by 35% over a period of 21 months, with sales reaching nearly $300 million. In 2006, hummus was present in 12% of American households, rising to 17% by early 2009. One commentator attributed the growth of Hummus to America's embrace of ethnic foods, and to experimentation with exotic foods.
In November 2009, Gadi Lesin, President & CEO of the Israeli Strauss group food manufacturer said that market share of co-owned Sabra Dipping Company in the USA makes it the largest packaged hummus dip manufacturer in the world.
In October 2008, the Association of Lebanese Industrialists petitioned to the Lebanese Ministry of Economy and Trade to request protected status from the European Commission for hummus as a uniquely Lebanese food, similar to the Protected Geographical Status rights held over regional food items by various European Union countries.
Fadi Abboud, president of the Lebanese Industrialists Association, stated that "Israelis have usurped several Lebanese and oriental products". According to Abboud, Lebanon exported the first hummus dish in 1959.
As a response, food critic Janna Gur wrote: "The success of certain brands of Israeli hummus abroad may have been what brought about Abboud's anger", leading him to claim that Israel has been "stealing" their country's national dishes, like hummus, falafel, tabbouleh, and baba ghanouj.
Also in response to Abboud's statement, Shooky Galili, an Israeli journalist specialising in food and who writes a blog dedicated to hummus, said that "trying to make a copyright claim over hummus is like claiming for the rights to bread or wine. [...] Hummus is a centuries old Arab dish — nobody owns it, it belongs to the region".
As of late 2009, the Lebanese Industrialists Association was still "preparing documents and proof" to support its claim.
In May 2010, the Guinness World Record for the largest dish of hummus in the world returned to Lebanon. The winning dish, cooked by 300 cooks in the village of al-Fanar, near Beirut, weighed approximately 10450 kg (roughly 23000 lb), more than double the previous record set by 50 Israeli Arabs and Jews who cooked approximately

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Today Tuesday 19th April 2016, the National Assembly welcomed the St. Peter Claver School from Punta Gorda District to its Chamber for a tour. The group consisting of 60 standard six students, 4 teachers and 6 parents arrived at 3:30 P.M. They were escorted up and seated in the gallery where the presentation took place. The presentation was conducted by Mrs. Eudice, Clerk Assistant and Ms. Ingrid, Parliamentary Officer 1 where by they were given a brief description of the historical background of the National Assembly, the composition of the House of Representatives, the Senate, and the functions of the legislative branch of government.
The students also had the pleasure to see the Mace and were given a brief history of its historical background of the design and the significant role it plays in the sitting of the House of Representatives.


text:
Naua is a cursive or connective syllabic alphabet invented by Carl
Buck and used to write Kala, a conlang also invented by Carl Buck.
Naua is the primary script for Kala and is adapted from Ajan,
which was originally created around 2002 and inspired by Nüshu.
- Type of writing system: quasi-featural as the shapes of the consonants and vowel diacritics are meant to relay phonetic information. For instance, all sounds pronounced with the lips ("labial" sounds) have some element in common.
- Direction of writing: vertically in columns running left to right.
- Number of symbols: 14 consonant syllables and 9 basic diacritics that can be combined in numerous ways.
- "Naua" means 'rope; to tie' in Kala and refers to the appearance of the script and its resemblance to a rope, or thread.
Where ~ appears, it indicates free variation between phonemes.
Naua brush strokes and direction
Naua writing method
- The graphemes for pa and ka.
- Combining these renders pak.
- Adding a koli, or "tail" renders paka.
- Diacritic marks for /e/ and /o/ render peko /ˈpeː.ko/.
- Marks the labialization of /p/; /ˈpʷaː.ki/
- Shows the palatalization of /k/ and demonstrates two diacritics on one glyph; /ˈpaː.kʲo/, pakyo.
- The nasalization mark is shown on the ka syllable to render /ˈpun.ka/ or /ˈpuŋ.ka/, punka.
- The nasalization mark is shown on the initial glyph and demonstrates two diacritics on one glyph; /ˈᵐpoː.ka/, mpoka.
The conventional link between glyphs does not always occur. There are eight constructions which use the koli to link glyphs that do not fit together in the standard way. When writing a word that begins with a vowel glyph that is followed by a na or nya, a koli is used instead of the zero consonant symbol. This is the only occasion that a koli will be marked with a vowel diacritic.
Higher numbers in Naua
Sample text in Naua
kua tlana tsiya ma'a katsi ma kueli itlo nasa kam tlitsi ma toya yoha ma kanku ma'a tsaku te takun ketahe
all human free with dignity and rights equal born 3PL reasoning and conscience possess and 3PL. RECP with idea of brotherhood behave.NEC
All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights.
They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards
one another in a spirit of brotherhood.
(Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights)
Useful phrases in Kala
If you have any questions about Naua, you can contact Carl at: cfbuckjr[at]gmail[dot]com
Writing systems by Carl Buck
Other writing systems invented by visitors to this site
Learn Chinese Characters with the Omniglot Chinese app


Response at a Virginia Farm Building Fire with Trapped Animals
On February 6, 2019, Suffolk (VA) Fire & Rescue (SFR) was presented with a challenging fire involving a large building with multiple animals reported trapped. Agriculture buildings store and house products and materials that are combustible and hazardous such as straw, grain, and fertilizers. These buildings also house large vehicles such as trucks, combines, and tractors that support planting and harvesting crops. Most importantly, these buildings house living animals such as cattle, horses, chickens, and dogs. Because of the animals' size and the equipment used in farming and agriculture, these buildings are large. Responses to these buildings are often complicated by their design; the construction materials used; the distance off the road that leads to access problems for fire apparatus; a lack of municipal water supplies; and the lack of alarm, detection, and suppression systems in the building (photo 1).
Barn Fire Tactics and Strategies, Part 1: Agricultural Barns
Barn Fire Tactics and Strategies, Part 2: Cross Barns
Large Animal Rescue: Are You Prepared?
(1) Fires involving agricultural buildings are challenging because of location, the types of materials stored, construction techniques, and lack of suppression systems. (Photos by author.)
Because of hazard classification, these structures are rarely preplanned. National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) 1300, Standard on Community Risk Assessment and Community Risk Reduction Plan Development, was released in 2019 and provides guidance and expectations with regard to the hazard classification and prefire planning expectations, yet these buildings are not routinely identified or prioritized as a risk. In addition, many agriculture-style buildings were built prior to the establishment of minimum requirements for the design; construction; fire protection; and classification outlined in NFPA 150, Standard on Fire and Life Safety in Animal Housing Facilities. NFPA 150 establishes life and safety requirements for humans and animals in all types of animal housing facilities where animals are kept for any purpose.1 Structures covered include barns, stables, kennels, shelters, zoos, and veterinary facilities. The NFPA 150 initial draft and technical committee report date back to 1979, when the focus was placed on racetrack stables.2
The Incident
At 0723 hours, emergency communications dispatched Engines 5, 10, and 25; Ladder 5; EMS 1; Medic 10; Rescue 1; and Safety 1 to a reported commercial structural fire. A passing motorist had called 911 with a report of heavy smoke in the area of Nansemond Parkway and Shoulders Hill Road (photo 2).
A motorist notified 911 when he saw a large smoke column in the area. Because of the distance off the road, first-arriving units were unsure of what was on fire until they made their way down a long dirt road.
Three minutes after the dispatch, Car 5 arrived and updated the address to 5150 Nansemond Parkway and reported a working fire. Engines 5 and 10 arrived shortly after Car 5 and confirmed a 170- × 52-foot barn was well involved off the main road. Battalion 2 arrived and established command. Battalion 2 then requested Tankers 1 and 9 when Car 5 advised heavy fire conditions with an unknown water supply because of the distance off the road. Engine 10's officer directed the operator to progress down a long dirt road to get as close to the structure as possible to allow handlines to reach the structure. As Engine 10 positioned to gain access to the structure, Battalion 2 established command and conducted a face-to-face with Car 5 (photo 3).
Engine 5 and Engine 10 positioned on the narrow dirt roadway.
(3) Engine 5 and Engine 10 positioned on the narrow dirt roadway.
The fire conditions were well advanced, so the initial action plan was for defensive operations. Engine 10 reported heavy fire involvement in most of the barn that was also spreading into the dog pens. Engine 5's officer directed the operator to follow Engine 10 down the dirt path to send Engine 5's tank water to Engine 10 as the water supply was being assessed.
Command directed the first line in operation from Engine 10 to protect the dogs trapped in the pens. Engines 5 and 10 placed two 1¾-inch handlines in service and initiated an exterior attack at the Alpha and Bravo sides of the agricultural building. Engine 25 backed down the long dirt driveway where Engines 5 and 10 were located, and the operator performed a reverse lay to a hydrant that was 800 feet away from Engine 10 and established the water supply (photo 4).
Initial hoselines were placed to protect 24 hunting dogs that were unable to exit their pens. Ladder 5's crew worked to free the dogs as Engine 10's crew protected them with a hoseline.
Because of the barn's size (9,000 square feet) and its remote location off the gravel path, the two initial handlines were unable to reach more than halfway down the Bravo side of the building. The handlines were placed to protect the many hunting dogs trapped in their pens and biting the perimeter fencing trying to escape the heat and fire. Engine 10's crew directed its streams to protect the dogs while Command ordered Ladder 5's crew to cut the perimeter fencing and allow the dogs to escape the fire (photo 5).
Rescue 1 and Ladder 5 worked saws for access points.
(5) Rescue 1 and Ladder 5 worked saws for access points.
Ladder 5 immediately reported to the Bravo side, where Engine 10 was performing forcible entry through the fencing to allow the dogs to escape the burning barn and pens. Because of the heat, Engine 10's crew protected Ladder 5's crew as they worked saws to gain access to the dogs. Once the dogs were extricated from the burning barn and pens, the handlines were directed to extinguish the fire.
Once Rescue 1 arrived, command assigned the crew to gain access to all the gates and fencing that surrounded the building so crews could better access the building for fire attack with handlines. After the animals were rescued, Command ordered the continuation of defensive operations because of structural collapse concerns. In addition to the initial 1¾-inch handlines placed into service by Engine 10, a garden line was pulled to the Bravo/Charlie corner, and two additional handlines were placed in service by Engine 25 and Ladder 5 to control the fire.
After the fire was under control, Command requested Ladder 6 to fly the department's drone to provide the fire investigators and Command with an overhead view of the fire scene. While fire investigators determined the origin and cause, the property owner brought an excavator to the scene to allow firefighters and fire investigators to safely gain access to areas of the building for overhaul and cause and origin determination.
Sixteen adult hunting dogs and eight puppies were determined to be on site in the fenced kennels adjacent to the barn. Because of the coordinated actions of well-trained and well-equipped firefighters and officers, many dogs were saved from the rapidly progressing fire. Twelve dogs were found deceased in various locations of the building after searches were completed. The fire was caused by heating lights and lamps in the dog pen area that kept the animals warm in the winter.
Lessons Learned
Following were some lessons the SFR learned postincident:
Community risk reduction. Over the past several years, the fire service has adopted the philosophy of "community risk reduction." This movement is centered on the desire of suppression crews and fire prevention bureaus to understand where hazards and risks are in the community. Understanding risk is unique to each individual department and first-due area. Each area or community is unique and, as such, each department must develop "priorities" to meet the needs of its community.
With regard to this fire, the building was well off the road, with limited access. The building housed many dogs and, because of cold temperatures, heat lamps were used as heat sources to keep the dogs warm. The building also stored many large farming vehicles; once a fire occurred, with no fire or smoke detection devices that were monitored remotely, the fire went undetected until passing motorists were able to see the smoke column.
Based on the new philosophy of community risk reduction, learn what structures are located off main roads, walk dirt roads to determine access points, and plan for long supply line lays or tanker operations before the event. Also determine if any livestock or working animals are housed in structures so you can forecast rescue plans.
Forcible entry techniques are not limited to doors and locks. With regard to outbuildings and agricultural structures, forcible entry will be necessary on nontraditional materials. In this case, crews needed to defeat chain-link fencing and wire that contained dogs in a pen to allow the dogs to exit the burning structure.
The dogs were gnawing at the wire and chain-link fencing to get away from the intense heat and smoke. During training, emphasize working saws and other hand tools that allow an exit point for animals.
Have a water supply in transitional areas. The use of water mains and municipal water supplies is desired, but they are not always available when fires occur off paved roads. It is essential to have a tanker task force readily available for fires that occur even in hydranted areas of a city or county.
For this fire, the tanker task force was called for early, but because of the distance, the tankers were positioned away from the fire scene. If tankers were required, the incident action plan would have been different to optimize the booster tanks on all the first-arriving engines.
Require your department to train on and understand how to conserve water when


text: The design of a hybrid circuit frequency compensation module for use with various infrared instrumentation systems is discussed. The design objective is to achieve essentially the same preamplifier response over a given range of frequencies both at high-level output and at low-level output, when operating at the same temperature as a cryogenic sensor (detector). The design procedure requires that the temperature and/or voltage variation of resistor values used in the module be either (a) measured directly or (b) extracted from comparison of measured and computer-generated frequency response curves. It is found that a computer-aided design procedure using iterative analysis with an ac network analysis program results in reduced design and development time. Also, this procedure leads to a better understanding of problems associated with cryogenic sensor-amplifier interfaces.


text:
Is 100mm of concrete enough in naturally-ventilated buildings?
A question often asked by architects and designers is: "Will 100mm of concrete provide enough thermal mass?" The answer largely depends on the extent to which you want to optimise the building design. It is sometimes thought that a 100mm of concrete is sufficient, but this fails to take account of a range of factors including how buildings actually respond to real weather conditions. For example, a naturally-ventilated office with exposed 100mm concrete composite floors (steel decking/soffit with insitu concrete topping) might have sufficient heat capacity to cope with a simple 24-hour heating and cooling cycle. However, in addition to a building's daily cycle, there are also longer cycles related to a typical hot spell (usually three to five days) and also the five working days per week cycle, from which heat will reach different depths within the available thermal mass. In the case of floors in a non-air conditioned building for example, the greater the slab depth, the longer the time period it responds to; the core of a 300mm thick concrete slab responds to the monthly average condition and draws heat in deeper over an extended period of hot weather.
For longer time periods these factors are important because it is the longer-term average room temperatures that define the thermal storage core temperature and hence the temperature gradient that draws heat in to the concrete. So, whilst a 100mm of concrete offers some useful thermal mass, thicker slabs provide greater temperature stability and increased cooling performance across a range of conditions including hot periods.
To help visualise what this means in practice, the graph below shows how the soffit temperature of exposed 100mm and 300mm floors in a naturally-ventilated office respond to hot weather. This was produced using finite difference modelling to calculate the heat transfer at the soffit and into the floor slab over the course of several days, during which there is a shift to warmer weather.
Figure 3 (from Concrete Floors Solutions for Passive and Active Cooling publication): Change in soffit temperature in response to a period of hot weather


text:
M2600 (4 attachment)
1. Long reach hedge trimmer is a trimmer blade mounted on the shaft of the brush cutter, used for trimming and shaping particularly tall, long or extra-wide hedges. A carrying strap allows the user to work without tiring.
2. Pole pruners make it easier and safer to prune fruit trees and thin our shrubs and brushea, fro the branches can be cut without leaving the ground when using this chain saw on the pole. The machine can prun branches up to a height of roughly 5m.
3. Powerful Brush cutters cut through thick and thin when the motor mower is out of its depth.
4. Cut Head double line for cutting and thinning out, the nylon line is kept at the optimum cutting length fully automatically.


text:
International Federation of Red Cross & Red Crescent Societies
12 July 2011, 11:05
The IFRC is developing its capacity to use mobile phone technology in the collection, management, and analysis of data. The use of the mobile phones has considerable benefits in the efficient, and reliable input, quality assurance, and timely analysis of data. Such potential is particularly well-suited for humanitarian as well as recovery settings.
With a variety or program areas, as well as 186 national societies, there are more than one example of mobile phone technology being used at the IFRC for data collection, management, and analysis. The following table summarizes some of the major software options: _URL_
Pilots have already been conducted in IFRC malaria prevention programming using Episurveyor, a nonprofit open-source software for the design and management of surveys online and enumerated through mobile phones with the use a downloaded application.
Initially, we will build upon the lessons and best practices of the use of mobile phones for data collection with household surveys (baseline/endline), triangulated with other methods to measure impact. However, there are also potential applications of the phones being used for other monitoring and assessment purposes, including needs assessment, beneficiary and context monitoring, and volunteer management.


text: 3D model robot clock. The model you can change the location of the dial, hands on, tuned the rigging of his two limbs. The dimensions of the model are ash 135,442 cm, width as Y 103, height _Z 162,733 see In the model used texture 215 to 215, 2694 and 2696 in 2000 to 2000 pixels in jpeg format. A metric unit of measure in which the model was created, centimeters. All geometry consists of squares and triangles in the model have customized materials metal, glass and illumination, with a corresponding gloss and relief, suitable for vray 2.4. The scene includes only the model itself is no the cameras are not light sources. The model is designed for use in the creation of interjero. The model is saved in a separate layer with the corresponding correct name.


Inspection and evaluation of a network of concrete bridges based on multiple NDT techniques
Bridge condition rating is a crucial variable used for prioritisation of bridge needs in bridge management systems (BMSs). At present, bridge rating is predominantly based on visual inspections. A practical method incorporating non-destructive testing (NDT) results for rating bridges in a BMS is not available. In this study, an integrated rating method for reinforced concrete bridges based on both visual inspection and multiple NDT techniques with the ultimate goal of incorporating it into BMSs was developed. The method uses a multi-component and multi-modal NDT application at network-level with improved testing speed. The application results of four non-destructive techniques including visual inspection, polarisation resistance, penetration resistance, and pulse velocity on a reinforced concrete bridge network of 100 bridges are presented. At bridge level, a multi-component approach was used, including decks, girders, cap beams, piers, and abutments. A novel method for NDT-based reinforcement corrosion rating was developed. Correlation among NDT variables was also investigated and the results are presented. Multiple linear regression models were developed using ANOVA analyses. Only the statistically significant regressors with the largest partial F-statistic were included in the model formulas. The expected weights of the four evaluation criteria in the formula were obtained by combining the results of two techniques: statistical data available in literature on the frequency of use of NDT techniques for bridge inspection, and a three-level analytical hierarchy process (AHP) based on expert survey. Application of three NDT techniques to inspections of concrete bridges, determination of NDT ratings using the integrated rating formula, and incorporation of the resulting ratings into a BMS for bridge ranking can be performed using the proposed methodology.
Citation Formats
F. Akgül, "Inspection and evaluation of a network of concrete bridges based on multiple NDT techniques," STRUCTURE AND INFRASTRUCTURE ENGINEERING, pp. 0–0, 2020, Accessed: 00, 2020. [Online]. Available:


Is it necessary to warm up the car engine in winter before driving?
Motorists are divided into three camps. The first ones assert, that warming up to working temperatures is necessary at idling. The second are sure – it is necessary to warm up for 2-3 minutes. The third ones are sure, that it is not necessary to warm up. But everyone is sure of one thing: if the car is badly broken, it should be recycled rather than repaired:
In the past, most cars were equipped with carburetor engines. Heating was necessary for several reasons. For instance, the engine could not regulate the fuel supply, and there was no electronic adjustment system, which was done manually.
The oil composition was different from the current one, so starting without warming up was detrimental to the mechanisms. In addition, there was a question of comfort – the car had no window heating and air conditioning.
Manufacturers of modern cars with injection power system explicitly indicate in the instruction manual that the engine should not be warmed up when the car is stationary. Engines of new cars are equipped with a fuel injection system and process controllers. The additives in automotive fluids ensure efficient operation at all temperatures, and air conditioning and all sorts of heating systems allow you to start on the road immediately.
Advocates of a quick start, who are familiar with mechanics, claim that long warming up at idling speed leads to formation of soot on spark plugs and in the combustion chamber. It happens due to the inflow of over-enriched fuel-air mixture.
The main argument of the manufacturers is an appeal not to waste fuel and not to pollute the air with exhaust gases.
It is worth remembering that cars made abroad, are designed to operate in conditions, far from Russian. The manual also takes into account the realities of the country of manufacture. Including the laws, according to which, in many European countries, it is forbidden to park the engine while it is running.
What happens to the engine when starting it cold
To understand whether it is necessary to warm up the car engine in winter, let's understand in more detail the processes that occur in the mechanism when starting it in the cold.
It is known that the engine consists of metal parts, and metals, when heated, tend to expand. Mechanisms are fitted with a minimum gap. This is necessary to reduce the loss of energy released from the combustion of the fuel-air mixture.
Before the metal elements of the system are heated up to operating temperature, the motor runs under high load conditions.
Even in summer it takes half a minute for the grease to disperse into the mechanisms and start working. In the cold season even the use of additives does not save oil from thickening. It takes much longer for the oil to reach operating temperature and lubricate evenly.
Thickened oil cannot pass through the filter, which is designed to clean the fluid from sludge and other wear elements. The bypass valve opens and oil enters the engine without going through the filter. The engine is under-lubricated plus there are debris particles coming in along with the thick lubricant. By starting to drive, the driver accelerates the wear and tear and risks serious damage to the engine.
Specialists believe that to reduce oil viscosity, you should warm up the car for at least 10 minutes, if the air temperature reaches minus 10 and below.
Piston rings, hydro-compensators and tensioners experience an increased load at driving with unheated motor. Uniform lubrication and heating of the metal to working temperatures is necessary for the operation of these mechanisms.
In addition, motorists often encounter oil sensor failure, which deforms under the pressure of thickened oil.
Thus, warming up is the key to long and trouble-free operation.
How to warm up the engine properly?
Warm-up time depends on the air temperature.
From plus 10: requires a minimum warming time of 1 to 3 minutes.
Plus 10 – minus 10: requires 5-7 minutes.
At minus 10 to 30 degrees, the engine should be warmed up for 8 to 10 minutes.
Below 30: requires a long warm-up for 10-15 minutes.
If for some reason there is no time for a long warm-up, stick to the rules:
Start driving after 2-3 minutes when RPMs start to drop.
Do not overload the engine, watch the level of revolutions.
Drive slowly, remember that the oil in the gearbox, transmission also requires warming up. Insufficient warming up is symptomatic in mechanics – difficult shifting, cars with automatic transmission shift jerks.
Increase speed gradually as the engine reaches operating temperature.
Warming up the diesel engine
The main difference between a diesel engine and a gasoline engine is the smaller gap between the cylinder and piston. Therefore, it is important for the oil to be at operating temperature for proper functioning. Uniform lubrication is even more important for turbocharged engines. Therefore, it is necessary to warm up the diesel at idle speed.
The recommended warm-up time is a couple of minutes in summer and 5-10 minutes in winter.
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Another functional advantage is an aluminum balcony can be constructed as one piece, integrating the guardrail and the floor. Unlike wood or steel that is built with flooring gaps (an 'open floor' construction), extruded aluminum planks can be installed in tongue-and-groove style for a solid floor, with no gaps between boards. For some residents, a solid floor makes them feel more comfortable while out on the balcony.
It isn't just new construction that can benefit. Contractors have noted the trend towards the remodeling of older condos and apartments. This provides a ready market for aluminum to replace decaying balconies.
Due to degradation of the wood or steel balcony structures, moisture leaks into the building envelope, leading to all kinds of maintenance, safety and health headaches. As a result, building codes have gotten very strict to prevent waterproofing problems.
That can mean up to six different trades are involved in the activities required to properly waterproof a balcony. All it takes is one trade failing in their duties and water can begin to infiltrate the structure. With balconies in particular, wooden joists or steel beams penetrate the wall as a means of supporting the deck. This is the Achilles' Heel of the building envelope. Once steel or wood degrade, moisture inevitably finds a way to leak into the internal structure, where it can wreak havoc.
Wood, typically, is never used above three or four storeys. There are also owner concerns over its waterproofing and maintenance liabilities. This brings the choice down to steel versus aluminum.


Asymmetry In Structural Response of Inner and Outer Transmembrane Segments of CorA Protein By a Coarse-Grain Model
Document Type
Article
Publication Date
10-3-2016
Department
Physics and Astronomy
School
Mathematics and Natural Sciences
Abstract
Structure of CorA protein and its inner (i.corA) and outer (o.corA) transmembrane (TM) components are investigated as a function of temperature by a coarse-grained Monte Carlo simulation. Thermal response of i.corA is found to differ considerably from that of the outer component, o.corA. Analysis of the radius of gyration reveals that the inner TM component undergoes a continuous transition from a globular conformation to a random coil structure on raising the temperature. In contrast, the outer transmembrane component exhibits an abrupt (nearly discontinuous) thermal response in a narrow range of temperature. Scaling of the structure factor shows a globular structure of i.corA at a low temperature with an effective dimension D ∼ 3 and a random coil at a high temperature with D ∼ 2. The residue distribution in o.corA is slightly sparser than that of i.corA in a narrow thermos-responsive regime. The difference in thermos-response characteristics of these components (i.corA and o.corA) may reflect their unique transmembrane functions.
Publication Title
The Journal of Chemical Physics
Volume
145
Issue
13
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The effect of dietary crude protein and potassium on water intake and excretion by turkeys
Study to improve understanding of the importance of protein and potassium in water intake and excretion by growing turkeys.
Year of Publication2011
Wet litter is a multifactorial problem. It is likely that the EU-wide ban on feeding animal protein to poultry and the resultant use of vegetable protein sources has increased the risk of wet litter. Soybean meal (SBM) is the main vegetable protein used in poultry diets and compared to animal proteins, SBM contains more potassium (Kþ) and non-starch polysaccharides. It also, may contain trypsin inhibitors, and have a relatively low protein and fat digestibility. These factors can cause a change in the normal gut flora, provoking sticky droppings and polydipsia. Studies have reported on the effect of crude protein (CP) content on water intake (WI) and excretion but may not always distinguish between the effects of CP and the potentially confounding effects of Kþ. As SBM contains significant amounts of Kþ the concentration of this mineral increase as the protein concentration increases. The aim of this study was to improve understanding of the importance of protein and potassium in water intake and excretion by growing turkeys.
This item is categorised as follows
- Subject Collection > Livestock & dairy > Poultry & egg production
- Subject Collection > Livestock & dairy > Animal health & welfare
This is a brief summary of an item in the OpenFields Library. This free online library contains items of interest to practitioners and researchers in the agricultural and landbased industries.


Vinokurov N.N. 2024. Zoogeographic relationships between true bugs (Heteroptera) in the fauna of relict forest-steppes of the middle taiga subzone of Yakutia and the steppes of southern East Siberia // Russian Entomol. J. Vol.33. No.1: 22–38 [in English].
Institute for Biological Problems of Cryolithozone, Siberan Branch RAS, 41 Lenin Av., Yakutsk 677980 Russia. E-mail: _EMAIL_
doi: 10.15298/rusentj.33.1.03
ABSTRACT. This paper presents a comparative chorological analysis of the steppe complex of true bugs (Heteroptera) in three regions: the south of East Siberia, relict steppes of the middle taiga subzone, and mountain steppes of North-East Yakutia. The study reveals the presence of ancient connections between the entomofauna of the last two territories and the steppe biota of the south of East Siberia, which aligns with botanical data indicating the Dauro-Mongolian roots of relic steppe phytocenoses in the middle taiga subzone of Yakutia. The analysis includes 52 species from 13 families, with Euroasian steppe (25), Eastern steppe (17), Desert-Steppe (2), Central-Asian montane Eastern steppe (4), and North-East Siberia subendemic (2) distributional ranges. In North-East Yakutia, the steppe true bug fauna is found to be less diverse, consisting of 33 species, including 11 Euroasian steppe, 7 Eastern steppe, 1 Desert-Steppe, 14 mountain-steppe species with disjunctive Altai-Sayan-Khangai-Eastern steppe and North-East Siberian ranges, as well as local endemic ranges. Overall, the steppe complex of relic steppe phytocenoses in the middle taiga subzone and northeastern Yakutia is considered an impoverished derivative of the steppes and forest-steppes of southern East Siberia. It also reveals evidence of ancient faunogenetic relations with the desert biota of Central Asia. The findings provide valuable insights into the historical biogeography of the studied regions.
KEY WORDS: True bugs, Heteroptera, Central Yakutia, extrazonal steppe, East Siberia, fauna, zoogeography.
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Coaching Manitoba has announced they will be offering an Introduction to Competition A Course on June 15-16, 2018.
The course consist of the following aspects:
- Planning a Practice
- Make Ethical Decisions
Introduction to Competition A
The ICA course consists of three modules: Planning a Practice, Nutrition and Make Ethical Decisions.
Planning a Practice
The Planning a Practice module will give you the skills to:
- organize a well-structured practice plan with safe, age-appropriate activities you've designed to match the proficiency level of participants;
- identify potential risk factors that could impact the sport and practice activities;
- create an emergency action plan; and
- identify practice goals and design activities that offer the best training benefits for the athletic skills required in your sport.
After taking the Nutrition module you will be able to:
- determine if foods and beverages consumed by your athletes before, during and after training are adequate;
- offer suggestions for more suitable food and beverage alternatives when necessary;
- gain a better understanding of the best way to promote healthy food choices that are consistent with basic sport nutrition principles to both athletes and their parents.
Make Ethical Decisions
By successfully completing the Make Ethical Decisions workshop you will be fully equipped to handle virtually any ethical situation with confidence and surety. MED is one of the NCCP's cornerstone workshops, and leaves coaches with no doubt as to what to do when the going gets tough. Upon completing the MED module you'll be able to:
- analyze a challenging situation and determine if it has moral, legal or ethical implications;
- apply the NCCP Ethical Decision-Making Model to properly respond to each situation in a way that is consistent with the NCCP Code of Ethic.
Sport for Life Centre
145 Pacific Avenue
Winnipeg, MB R3B 2Z6
For more information and to register: _URL_


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FRIENDSWOOD FRIENDS CEMETERY
The Friendswood Friends Cemetery is certified by the Texas Historical Commission as a "Texas Historic Cemetery." It was established in 1895 just months after the first settlers arrived. Friendswood co-founder, Frank J. Brown, donated the land and laid out the cemetery with its two private roads crossing at the center. A burial site was needed for young Newton Knode who was killed instantly by a falling tree while he was cutting firewood. Many Friendswood pioneers and their descendents are buried here as are other former city and church leaders.
"Cemeteries are like open history books whose pages are tablets of stone." 1
You are welcome to explore the cemetery on your own. An annotated map (cemetery layout) is provided to help you locate several of our early pioneers' grave sites. An overview video is displayed below. Also, if you are interested in pursuing Friendswood history further, we suggest that you visit the Frank J. Brown Heritage Museum located at 108 Skyview.
1. Historic Cemeteries in Texas – Texas Historical Commission web site. _URL_


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According to the documentation here, 'keyboard' input is supported for online experiments, but 'free text' is not. What exactly is the difference between the two? And why is only one supported? From my experience with psychopy in the past, having free text input in an experiment would require manually recording keyboard inputs one by one, so I wanted to know why this is the case.
Yes, you can get free text responses if you code them yourself, keypress by keypress.
What the docs are referring to is that we would eventually like to create a text component that would handle all of this for you, without any custom code required.


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- What happens if I accidentally swallow a bug?
- Do flies feel pain?
- Do flies sense death?
- Do flies feel love?
- What happens if you swallow a housefly?
- Do bugs fly in your mouth when you sleep?
- Can bugs live in your stomach?
- Can flies hear?
- How long do flies live for?
- What is the best home remedy to get rid of flies?
- What smell attracts flies the most?
- Can a fly kill you?
- Can bugs live in your mouth?
- Do bugs feel sadness?
- Can fly eggs hatch in your stomach?
- Where do flies go to sleep?
- Can humans eat flies?
- Do cockroaches crawl in your mouth when you sleep?
- Do bugs go in your ear when you sleep?
- Will eating a fly make you sick?
- Is swallowing a fly dangerous?
- What smells do flies hate?
- Why are the flies biting me?
- Do we eat bugs?
- Can flies bite you?
- What do flies taste like?
- Can you die from eating a cockroach?
- What bug can kill you?
- Do bugs fart?
- Why do flies bite me and not others?
What happens if I accidentally swallow a bug?
First, don't panic.
The good news is there's likely nothing to be afraid of.
"Most insects are totally harmless if ingested," said Dr.
On the other hand, if your child ingests a bug that is known to sting or bite, there may be some lasting discomfort if the insect stings the inside of the mouth or throat..
Do flies feel pain?
Over 15 years ago, researchers found that insects, and fruit flies in particular, feel something akin to acute pain called "nociception." When they encounter extreme heat, cold or physically harmful stimuli, they react, much in the same way humans react to pain.
Do flies sense death?
Time-Telling Flies The fly is extremely sensitive to odors associated with decomposition. Some biologists estimate that within 15 minutes of a person's death, the insect can detect the corpse—which serves as a potential incubator, hiding place, and feeding station all in one.
Do flies feel love?
Flies likely feel fear similar to the way that we do, according to a new study that opens up the possibility that flies experience other emotions too. The finding further suggests that other small creatures — from ants to spiders — may be emotional beings as well.
What happens if you swallow a housefly?
"Houseflies can mechanically transmit certain bacteria (Shigella) that cause dysentery," Anelli notes. The diarrhea, fever and stomach cramps that can show up after being infected with the Shigella bacteria usually clears up in five to seven days.
Do bugs fly in your mouth when you sleep?
Luckily for all of us, the "fact" that people swallow eight spiders in their sleep yearly isn't true. … The myth flies in the face of both spider and human biology, which makes it highly unlikely that a spider would ever end up in your mouth.
Can bugs live in your stomach?
Helicobacter pylori, a potentially nasty bacteria, somehow lives in one of every two human stomachs — no mean feat. Here's how the bug pulls it off.
Can flies hear?
Flies hear with their antennae. These are freely accessible for measurements, thus being especially well-suited for analyses. During the process of hearing, a sound receiver is set in motion by sound waves. … Downstream sensory cells in the fly's antenna are stretched by the deflection of the sound receiver.
How long do flies live for?
Housefly: 28 daysCulex pipiens: 7 daysFly/Lifespan
What is the best home remedy to get rid of flies?
A mixture of vinegar and dish soap can help you trap flies. To use this method, mix about an inch of apple cider vinegar and a few drops of dish soap in a tall glass. Cover the glass with plastic wrap. Secure the plastic wrap with a rubber band and poke small holes in the top.
What smell attracts flies the most?
When it comes to breeding, large flies need a substantial amount of decaying organic matter to be successful. The odors created by these breeding sources are usually very strong, putrid smells – decaying animal carcasses, rotting organic materials, etc. Most often, these breeding sources will be outdoors.
Can a fly kill you?
To make matters worse, several species of tsetse fly can transmit diseases. One of the most dangerous is a parasite that causes "sleeping sickness", or "human African trypanosomiasis"to give it its official name. Without treatment, an infection is usually fatal.
Can bugs live in your mouth?
Plaque Bugs are a type of Germ that live in everyone's mouth. When you get older you will hear them called "Bacteria". But for now it's just fine to think of Plaque Bugs as Families of Germs, with Youngies and Oldies and Baby Bugs too.
Do bugs feel sadness?
Most entomologists agree that insects do not feel emotion – at least, not in the same way that humans do. … There may be some level of awareness in insect consciousness but not to the extent of feeling attraction, or empathy or happiness or sadness or even the ability to feel joy or pain.
Can fly eggs hatch in your stomach?
Intestinal myiasis occurs when fly eggs or larvae previously deposited in food are ingested and survive in the gastrointestinal tract. Some infested patients have been asymptomatic; others have had abdominal pain, vomiting, and diarrhea (2,3). Many fly species are capable of producing intestinal myiasis.
Where do flies go to sleep?
Some favourite places are on the undersides of leaves, twigs, and branches, or even in tall grass or under rocks. They need a comfortable place to sleep that will shelter them from the cold, rain and wind. Flies need good grip because they often sleep upside down.
Can humans eat flies?
How to Eat Insects. While there are more than 1,900 edible insect species from which to choose, not all are edible. … Pungent bugs, hairy bugs, bugs that bite or sting, and disease-carriers like flies, ticks and mosquitoes are also on the very generalized do-not-eat list, although there are exceptions.
Do cockroaches crawl in your mouth when you sleep?
In terms of creatures that crawl into your mouth while you sleep … likely zero. Insects are not that stupid. … Granted, some insects like roaches do occasionally crawl into ears and get stuck, but that's very rare.
Do bugs go in your ear when you sleep?
In most cases, a bug will enter your ear when you're sleeping while outdoors, like when you're camping. Otherwise, a bug may fly into your ear while you're awake, typically while you're working or running outside. The insect may die while inside your ear.
Will eating a fly make you sick?
But Tetro explained that while houseflies leave bacteria on surfaces, it's a minimal amount and not enough to make most people sick. 'The only way that you could come into problems is if you actually ate them, and while that may be a nice school children joke, most people I know don't eat flies," Tetro explained.
Is swallowing a fly dangerous?
According to Dr. Pritt, for the most part, eating a bug isn't cause for worry. In general, your body will digest arthropods, which include arachnids like spiders, mites, and ticks, and insects such as gnats, flies, mosquitoes, fleas, and bedbugs, "just like any other food," she says.
What smells do flies hate?
Cinnamon – use cinnamon as an air freshner, as flies hate the smell! Lavender, eucalyptus, peppermint and lemongrass essential oils – Not only will spraying these oils around the house create a beautiful aroma, but they will also deter those pesky flies too.
Why are the flies biting me?
They can be quite bothersome, buzzing around a person's head, especially where large numbers are present. Both deer flies and horse flies bite with scissor-like mouthparts that cut into skin, causing blood flow which the flies lap up. Because of this relatively crude means of obtaining blood, the bites can be painful.
Do we eat bugs?
Human insect-eating is common to cultures in most parts of the world, including Central and South America, Africa, Asia, Australia, and New Zealand. Eighty percent of the world's nations eat insects of 1,000 to 2,000 species. In some societies, primarily western nations, entomophagy is uncommon or taboo.
Can flies bite you?
They don't always bite, but when they do, flies bite you for blood meals that provide them with nutrition or other benefits. Fly bites are more common than you might think. Unfortunately, they are also more dangerous than many realize.
What do flies taste like?
Having once accidentally tasted a housefly that flew into my mouth, I can say they taste bitter. Decidedly unpleasant, with a flat lasting bitterness that lingers after you spit it out.
Can you die from eating a cockroach?
Cockroaches can contaminate food with their waste and saliva which contains bacteria that can cause food poisoning, diarrhea, and Staphylococcus infections. … As far as the diseases that cockroaches can spread, they can pick up Salmonella on their legs and deposit it to food, which can cause food poisoning if ingested.
What bug can kill you?
7 poisonous insects and spiders you never want to meet (or eat)The Cow Killer. These aren't as far from


What is mean of chut
aby tere behan ki shalwar utar k dekh janhan par bal hon wo he chot pagal k bachy
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The word "chut" has several meanings, depending on where you are from. It has been used to describe a Jewish person, in London, that migrated to the Netherlands, during the 19th century. It is, also, a language spoken in Vietnam, y "chut" people. In Hindu, it is a slang name for a vagina. Unfortunately, unless you are in the country of origin, there is no way to differentiate the meaning of the word.
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Engage with STEM
STEM (short for Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) related skills are more important than ever in our increasingly tech-oriented world. Bolton Public Library's STEM items for adults can increase engagement in science, technology, engineering and math, while also fostering special interests and hobbies. Stop by the Main Circulation desk to borrow any item for 3 weeks. Items must be returned in person during the Bolton Public Library's operating hours and cannot be shipped to surrounding libraries. Please note, all of the items listed here can only be borrowed by cardholders aged 18+.
Less bulky than a telescope, our Astronomy Backpack comes with everything an amateur astronomer needs to explore the night sky from any location.
Click here to reserve a Astronomy Backpack


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Intra-National versus International Trade: How Stubborn are Nations in Global Integration?
This paper examines the home country bias in the goods market among OECD countries. An average country imports about two and a half times as much from itself as from an otherwise identical foreign country, after controlling for sizes of exporter and importer, their direct distance, geographic positions relative to the rest of the world and a possible linguistic tie. If one believes that the substitutability among goods produced in OECD countries is high, as it seems reasonable, the observed bias implies relatively small nontariff barriers. Over 1982-94, the home bias of OECD countries as a whole exhibited a slow but steady decline. The bias in a typical member country of the European Community relative to its imports from other member countries showed a fifty percent decline during the period.
Document Object Identifier (DOI): 10.3386/w5531
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Broken surround loudspeaker replacement get
In General, you should replace a defective bead. In the Internet you can find numerous providers for speaker parts. In order for the surround to fit but also, you need to consider a few things.
- The size alone is not decisive. The beading also needs to match your loudspeaker model.
- There are beads made of foam and rubber. The latter have a slightly longer lifespan. In General, you should choose the Material that was previously used in your speakers.
Speaker surround repair - how it works
You have found the right bead, you can get started.
- First loosen the screws on the speaker to the chassis.
- Next, remove the trim ring.
- Now you can remove the beading. Scrape off the bead remains carefully from the speaker Chassis. For this purpose, a sharp carpet knife is best.
- Even after a thorough Scraping off glue remnants are surely present. You remove these with petrol and a brush.
- Also from the diaphragm, you need to scrape off the beading remains.
- Everything is clean, coat the membrane edge with glue. Let the glue a bit to dry, before you go any further.
- Now place the bead on the diaphragm edge and center bead. Fix it then with brackets.
- Turn to conclude, the beading between the brackets to the top and brush the top of the Chassis with glue.
- The adhesive needs about an hour to dry out.
There are other reasons why speakers do not sound clean. Crackling speakers, for example, read in a further practical tip on what to do can.


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Silver Surfer (Marvel) embodies the force of the Uni-Power.
Control sentient forces
Enigma Forces manipulate a particular being to their own desires. It is essentially a sentient power that chooses a host, maybe an energy or a being which controls another energy or being. Attributed powers and singled-out power levels vary from chosen partner and appear to be ambient, presumably adapting to meet the demands of an area's point of devastation and the peril oneself is faced with. However some Enigma Forces have preset abilities that do not depend on the host. Some Enigma Forces becomes in-tune with the partner and drastically enhances the individual host's powers and abilities if they are present; the host themselves may already have reached massive levels of force and energy without the Enigma Force, which only serves to enhance their capabilities even further. Other Enigma forces provide an appropriate set of powers to every host, though the magnitude of the powers may or may not vary.
Some Enigma Forces only target people without powers, some only target those with powers, and some only target those it chooses as necessary or deems worthy, or give them powers to teach them a lesson. Enigma Forces may bond till the current host dies, the crisis passes, or it decides that the host is unworthy or that it is needed more elsewhere. As it is usually up to the Enigma Force itself to choose a host this is most definitely a superpower that can strike anyone out of nowhere with no obvious catalyst beyond the power itself.
- Divided Mind: The Enigma Force and the host can often communicate, though to what level varies.
- Energy Manipulation: Users can divert the flow of proton energy into a different direction or convert the force into a variety of energy.
- Enhancements of the host is also common.
- Uni-Vision: a sort of cosmic consciousness. Users can sense matters, specifically of peril, at a subatomic level or at great distances. This power can also force someone to tell the truth.
- Some Enigma Forces are limited by the abilities of their selected agents.
- Most Enigma Forces cannot control the actions of their users till user is unable to do anything themselves.
- Some Enigma Forces cannot communicate unless the agent/agents are in a meditated state making the agent/agents defenseless to any situation, till they're able to learn how to communicate during a non-meditative action.
- Some Enigma Forces are stuck with a host until death.
- Various Captain Universes (Marvel)
- Hosts of the Phoenix Force (Marvel)
- The Silver Surfer (Marvel)
- AMAZO (DC Comics)
- Logar (Mutants and Masterminds/Paragons)
- Lost Galaxy Rangers (Power Rangers series); via the Lights of Orion.
- ThePsychicBunny (SGUK)
- Users of the Speed Force (DC)