lists and literature records, general situation of the Chinese medicinal endemic plant (vascular plant) has been systematically summarized, and its quantity and distribution characteristics of Chinese medicinal endemic plants are presented in this paper. The results showed that 3 150 endemic species are Chinese medicinal plants belonging to 785 genera in 153 families, which includes 38 species of 22 genera in 12 families of pteridophyta, 42 species of 14 genera in7 families of gymnosperms, and 3 070 species of 749 genara in 134 families of angiosperms. The top four families involving medicinal endemic species are Asteraceae (218 species), Ranunculaceae (182 species), Labiatae (151 species), and Liliaceae (133 species). The top four provincial administration distributed medicinal endemic species are Sichuan (1 568 species), Yunnan (1 533 species), Guizhou (955 species) and Hubei (930 species).On the regional scale, the most abundant one is the southwest region (2 465 species), followed by the central region (1 226 species) and the northwest region (949 species). Localization characteristics for domestication and artificial cultivation of medicinal endemic species are more prominent due to their narrower and limited distribution areas, indicating it is possible for these species acting as local potential resource for reasonable economic development.
10.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-279199
ABSTRACT
In recent years, with the price rise of Amomum villosum, the quality of A. villosum in the market has been in disorder. To understand the quality status of A. villosum in the market and provide reference for the commercial size fifty-seven samples were collected from different producing areas or markets from August 2013. The samples were detected with evaluation on appearance quality, determination of the contents of bornyl acetate, determination of pesticide residues and heavy metals residues based on Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2015. The results showed that the pesticide residues and heavy metals residues met the requirments, all the samples from different producing areas were qualified except one sample from Fujian province. The qualified rate of native products and imports products samples from market were 43.75% and 14.29%, respectively, the qualified rate of the samples of Yunnan province from producing areas was higher than that from the market. There are two ports at the national level in Yunnan province, where the southern herbs from. A. villosumis one of import medicines from Southeast Asia, and lots of A. villosum samples import to China from Yunnan ports. Most of pharmacists believed that all of the samples from Yunnan province produced in Yunnan. The great majority of commercial species was A. villosum, but A. longiliglare was scarce. Through the survey, it isfound that the main factors affecting the quality of Amomi Fructus was source, lots of A. villosum samples have been replaced by the Amomi Fructus, so the source of imports Amomi Fructus was not clear, which was also more difficult to identify. The quality of A. villosum needs to protect, optimize germplasm, strict control of medicinal sources, specification for medicinal harvesting and processing technology.
11.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-307105
ABSTRACT
This paper was aimed to study the effects of icariin (ICA) on the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL), and the molecular mechanism of the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and MAPK signaling pathway. In this study, VSMC was induced by ox-LDL (50 mg•L⁻¹),the effect of ICA on the proliferation of VSMC was detected by MTT assay, Western blot and Real-time PCR. The results showed that after stimulation of ox-LDL, the proliferation activity of VSMC was increased, S phase, G₂/M phase cells were increased, G₀/G₁ phase cells were decreased, PCNA protein expression was enhanced; ICA (40, 20, 10 μmol•L⁻¹) could effectively inhibit ox-LDL-induced VSMC proliferation, S phase and G₂/M phase cells were decreased, the percentage of cells in G₀/G₁ phase were increased, PCNA expression was decreased, p38MAPK and ERK1/2 activation were inhibited. These results indicate that ICA can inhibit the proliferation of VSMC by reducing the expression of PCNA and blocking the p38MAPK and ERK1/2 signaling pathway.
12.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-258410
ABSTRACT
In order to find out the composition, characteristics and traditional utilization characteristics of Dai medicine and promote the rational protection, inheritance and utilization of the resources and traditional knowledge of Dai medicine in China, the resources of traditional Dai medicine have been investigated systematically and the traditional knowledge of Dai medicine have been analyzed in the article. We found out that there were altogether 1 077 kinds of traditional Dai medicine in China and among which 272 were the first time recorded in the condition of Dai folk medical uses. There were 1 053 plant medicines which belong to 169 family and 694 genus. These plant medicines mainly distributed in the southern, west southern and east southern area of Yunnan province, the southern area of Guangxi, Guangdong, Guizhou, Sichuan, Fujian province and tropical, subtropical district as Taiwan, and more than 94.49% plant medicines could be found in Yunnan province. From the point of plant life form, they were major herbaceous or shrubby plants; When it is used as medicinal part, root and rhizome of plants account for the highest proportion, the next were whole plant and leaves. From nature, flavor and channel tropism points of view, the largest proportion of Dai medicines were cool, bitter-tasted and possesses water element. In terms of treatment of disease types, most of the drugs can treat gastrointestinal diseases, next were drugs that could be used to treat upper respiratory infection, traumatological and rheumatic diseases, urinary infection, gynecological diseases, hepatopathy, puerperium fever and diseases caused by poisonous insects and beast of prey bite. The study revealed that the resources of traditional Dai medicine and traditional knowledge of application were abundant in China, but the resources of traditional Dai medicine and traditional knowledge of application were faced with the risk of gradually reduce and loss. The article suggested that we should take measures to strengthen the study of protection and utilization of important traditional Dai medicine and endangered resources along with the protection and transmission of traditional knowledge of Dai nationalistic medicine.
13.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-820355
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the feasibility, safety and efficacy of transcatheter closure of ventricular septal defect (VSD) in patients with aortic valve prolapse (AVP) and mild aortic regurgitation (AR).@*METHODS@#Between January 2008 and July 2014, transcatheter closure of VSD was attempted in 65 patients.@*RESULTS@#The total intermediate closure successful rate in all subjects was 96.9%. During the perioperative period, no death, major bleeding, pericardial tamponade, occluder dislodgement, residual shunt or hemolysis occurred. Two procedures had been forced to suspend due to significant aggregation of device related aortic regurgitation, three cases of transient complete left bundle branch block occurred but did not sustain. At 1-year follow-up, no patients had residual shunts and complications. Furthermore, grade of residual AR were relieved in 61.9% (39/63) cases and degree of AVP were ameliorated in 36.5% (23/63) patients;@*CONCLUSIONS@#Transcatheter closure VSD in selected patients with AVP and mild AR is technically feasible and highly effective. Long term safety and efficacy needs to be assessed.
14.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-351284
ABSTRACT
The sequences of ITS, matK, rbcL and psbA-trnH of 9 Gynostemma species or variety including 38 samples were compared and analyzed by molecular phylogeny method. Hemsleya macrosperma was designated as outgroup. The MP and NJ phylogenetic tree of Gynostemma was built based on ITS sequence, the results of PAUP phylogenetic analysis showed the following results: (1) The eight individuals of G. pentaphyllum var. pentaphyllum were not supported as monophyletic in the strict consensus trees and NJ trees. (2) It is suspected whether G. longipes and G. laxum should be classified as the independent species. (3)The classification of subgenus units of Gynostemma plants is supported.
Subject(s)
Gynostemma , Classification , Genetics , Molecular Sequence Data , Phylogeny , Plant Proteins , Genetics , Sequence Analysis, DNA
15.
Chinese Medical Journal ; (24): 2638-2645, 2015.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-315280
ABSTRACT

BACKGROUNDPyroptosis is the term for caspase-1-dependent cell death associated with pro-inflammatory cytokines. The role of alveolar macrophage (AM) pyroptosis in the pathogenesis of


text:
The black famine is in their mouths.... This month is now called Hungry July. Bumhsë (yellow month) is its proper name in Irish. It is a suitable name, for the fields are yellow....-Amhlaoibh Suilleabhin
Desperate Highlanders took to poaching food. The starving cattle some had been alloted at eviction wandered off and died. Those that were stolen by landowners had to be repurchased with silver rent money called Maol. The process was called Black Maol.
Cholera spread and became an epidemic in Inverness in 1832. Whole families were found dead on the rotten straw of their beds. The people turned to the church for help, but the Church of Scotland had ministers appointed by the land owners. The Free Church of Scotland was formed in 1843 and landlords forbid Highlanders to attend. Some of those that did were sold into slavery in the Southern United States. Large sums of money were sent as kickbacks to the Free Church. (4, 3, 10, 55, 61, 118)

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Finite Element Modeling of Transmission Laser Microjoining Process
Use of laser beam in high precision joining of two dissimilar materials has become a very useful technique. It has potential application in biomedical implants and their encapsulation process. In this research, a numerical method is developed using finite element technique to determine the optimum condition of jointing two dissimilar materials namely titanium and polyimide. Non-uniform discretization with large number of elements in the areas of high temperature gradients were used. The accuracy of the current numerical model was verified by comparing sample results with experimental data and good match was found. This gave us the confidence that the current method can be used for other combination of materials. It was observed that for a particular value of the laser power, good bonding between the dissimilar materials is a function of laser scanning speed. Too high speed will not produce any significant increase in temperature at the bimaterial interface to have a good chemical bonding. On the other hand, too slow speed will cause excessive increase in temperature resulting in burnout condition for polyimide. For the ranges of parameters investigated in the current study, it was observed that for a leaser heat flux of 4.0 W, good bonding occurs for a laser scanning speed between 600 and 2000 mm/min. It was also observed that increased scanning speed causes the temperature contour to stretch in the horizontal direction.
Amin, M. R.,
& Newaz, G.
(2007). Finite Element Modeling of Transmission Laser Microjoining Process. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 186 (1-3), 37-44.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
Learning values across many orders of magnitude
Most learning algorithms are not invariant to the scale of the function that is being approximated. We propose to adaptively normalize the targets used in learning. This is useful in value-based reinforcement learning, where the magnitude of appropriate value approximations can change over time when we update the policy of behavior. Our main motivation is prior work on learning to play Atari games, where the rewards were all clipped to a predetermined range. This clipping facilitates learning across many different games with a single learning algorithm, but a clipped reward function can result in qualitatively different behavior. Using the adaptive normalization we can remove this domain-specific heuristic without diminishing overall performance.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
From: _EMAIL_ [_EMAIL_]On
Behalf Of Dick Fischer
Sent: Sunday, February 17, 2002 3:14
Modern fruit trees, critics point out, certainly were not in existence
before fishes. That seems to be true, but these verses say nothing about
"modern" fruit trees. In English, fruit trees bear edible fruit; apples,
pears, cherries, and so forth. The Hebrew term includes seed-bearing trees,
and shade trees that do not bear edible fruit. 5
Apple trees, for example, do not date to the Upper Silurian, but the
"fruit" of any plant is its yield. Conifers were among the first land-based
vegetation, and calling them "fruit trees" is consistent with the Hebrew.
Dick, As I documented, conifers are NOT among the first land life forms.
Conifers do not appear until the Carboniferous which is about 300 myr ago.
Simply repeating the false claim, this time from your book, does nothing to
make the claim true. Cite a single paleontology article in which conifers
are found in the upper Ordovician (which is older than the Silurian) which
is where fish are first found.
for lots of creation/evolution information
personal stories of struggle
This archive was generated by hypermail 2b29 : Mon Feb 18 2002 - 01:09:27 EST


text:
Noun (futsuumeishi) May take the particle 'no' government and peopleRegierung und Volk
官ON: カン bureaucrat, the government 民ON: ミンKUN: たみ people, nation, subjects
Takoboto is a Japanese/English dictionary and Japanese language learning tool. It searches words written in Japanese or English using kanji, kana, romaji or latin alphabets. Example sentences and kanji information are provided for each word.


text: Word pronunciations, consisting of phoneme sequences and the associated syllabification and stress patterns, are vital for both speech recognition and text-to-speech (TTS) systems. For speech recognition phoneme sequences for words may be learned from audio data. We train recurrent neural network (RNN) based models to predict the syllabification and stress pattern for such pronunciations making them usable for TTS. We find these RNN models significantly outperform naive rulebased models for almost all languages we tested. Further, we find additional improvements to the stress prediction model by using the spelling as features in addition to the phoneme sequence. Finally, we train a single RNN model to predict the phoneme sequence, syllabification and stress for a given word. For several languages, this single RNN outperforms similar models trained specifically for either phoneme sequence or stress prediction. We report an exhaustive comparison of these approaches for twenty languages.


Enum ToString(), Caching for Performance
Full source code available here.
A while ago I was working on a program that had to convert enums values to strings as it saved data.
When I removed the enum value from the data that was saved it went noticeably faster. Did a little digging and it seems that ToString() on the enum was using reflection every time it was called, even if it was same enum and member that was being saved.
Here is an extension method that stores the string value of the enum so it gets called only once and the rest of the time you are looking up a dictionary to read the string value from.
public static class EnumExtensions
{
 private static Dictionary<Enum, string> enumStringValues = new Dictionary<Enum, string>();
 public static string ToStringCached(this Enum myEnum)
 {
 string textValue;
 if (enumStringValues.TryGetValue(myEnum, out textValue))
 {
 return textValue;
 }
 else
 {
 textValue = myEnum.ToString();
 enumStringValues[myEnum] = textValue;
 return textValue;
 }
 }
}
This works fine even if you two enums that share a member names, for example –
public enum Movement
{
 Walk = 1,
 March = 2,
 Run = 3,
 Crawl = 4,
}
and
public enum Month
{
 January = 1,
 February = 2,
 March = 3,
 April = 4,
 //snip...
}
To try this out –
static void Main(string[] args)
{
 var marching = Movement.March;

 var monthOfMarch = Month.March;
 var monthOfApril = Month.April;
 Console.WriteLine(marching.ToStringCached()); // this will store it in the dictionary
 Console.WriteLine(marching.ToStringCached()); // this will retrieve it from the dictionary

 Console.WriteLine(monthOfMarch.ToStringCached()); // this will store it in the dictionary
 Console.WriteLine(monthOfMarch.ToStringCached()); // this will retrieve it from the dictionary
 Console.WriteLine(monthOfApril.ToStringCached()); // this will store it in the dictionary
 Console.WriteLine(monthOfApril.ToStringCached()); // this will retrieve it from the dictionary
}
Inside the dictionary you end up with three entries.
[0] [KeyValuePair]:{[March, March]}
Key [Enum {Movement}]:March
Value [string]:"March"
[1] [KeyValuePair]:{[March, March]}
Key [Enum {Month}]:March
Value [string]:"March"
[2] [KeyValuePair]:{[April, April]}
Key [Enum {Month}]:April
Value [string]:"April"
Full source code available here.
DynamoDb, Reading and Writing Data with .Net Core – Part 1
Full source code available here.
A few weeks ago I started playing with DynamoDb in a .NET application. I read through the AWS documentation but felt it was incomplete and a little out of date. This made it quite hard to figure out the "right" way of using the AWS DynamoDb libraries. For example, there is no good example of using dependency injection to pass a DynamoDb client into a controller, and no guidance on whether that client should be request, transient of singleton scoped.
_URL_
In this and following posts I'm going to describe approaches that work, they may not be "right" either.
This post is will show how to read and write from DynamoDb using the document interface and pass in a DynamoDb client to controller
Getting Started
Getting started with AWS can feel like a bit of a hurdle (especially due to credential complications), and a good way to get your feet wet is to use localstack – _URL_ consider installing _URL_ too.
I'm not going to describe how to get localstack running, I'm going to assume you have done that or you have an AWS account and you know how to set the required credentials.
Once you have localstack installed or you AWS account working, run the following to create the DynamoDB table.
aws --endpoint-url=http://localhost:4569 dynamodb create-table --table-name People --attribute-definitions AttributeName=PersonId,AttributeType=N --key-schema AttributeName=PersonId,KeyType=HASH --provisioned-throughput ReadCapacityUnits=1,WriteCapacityUnits=1
You can add data to the table with the following –
aws --endpoint-url=http://localhost:4569 dynamodb put-item --table-name People --item '{"PersonId":{"N":"1"},"State":{"S":"MA"}, "FirstName": {"S":"Alice"}, "LastName": {"S":"Andrews"}}'
aws --endpoint-url=http://localhost:4569 dynamodb put-item --table-name People --item '{"PersonId":{"N":"2"},"State":{"S":"MA"}, "FirstName": {"S":"Ben"}, "LastName": {"S":"Bradley"}}'
aws --endpoint-url=http://localhost:4569 dynamodb put-item --table-name People --item '{"PersonId":{"N":"3"},"State":{"S":"MA"}, "FirstName": {"S":"Colin"}, "LastName": {"S":"Connor"}}'
To see all the items you just stored –
aws --endpoint-url=http://localhost:4569 dynamodb scan --table-name People
The Web API application
I'm going to show you how to retrieve and item by an id and to store a new item using the document interface, in the next post I'll show how to do the same with the object interface.
But first things first, configuration.
Open the appsettings.json file and replace what's there with –
{
 "AWS": {
 "Profile": "localstack-test-profile",
 "Region": "us-east-1",
 "ServiceURL": "http://localhost:4566"
 }
}
Add the AWSSDK.DynamoDBv2 nuget package to the project.
In Startup.cs add a using Amazon.DynamoDBv2;
In ConfigureServices() add the following –
public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
 var awsOptions = Configuration.GetAWSOptions();
 services.AddDefaultAWSOptions(awsOptions);
 services.AddAWSService<IAmazonDynamoDB>();
 services.AddControllers();
}
Inside the controller I'm going to use an AmazonDynmoDbClient to execute calls against DybamoDb, but the SDK doesn't seem to provide a way to inject one directly, so I came up with a workaround.
//snip...
using Amazon.DynamoDBv2;
using Amazon.DynamoDBv2.DocumentModel;
//snip..
public class PersonController : ControllerBase
{
 private readonly AmazonDynamoDBClient _amazonDynamoDbClient;
 public PersonController(IAmazonDynamoDB amazonDynamoDB)
 {
 _amazonDynamoDbClient = (AmazonDynamoDBClient) amazonDynamoDB;
 }
 //snip..
Line 8 declares an AmazonDynamoDBClient.
Line 9, the constructor takes an IAmazonDynamoDB as a parameter.
Line 11 casts this IAmazonDynamoDB to an AmazonDynamoDBClient.
Again, I don't know if this is the best approach, but it works fine.
Here is how to get an item from the people table.
[HttpGet("{personId}")]
public async Task<IActionResult> Get(int personId)
{
 Table people = Table.LoadTable(_amazonDynamoDbClient, "People");
 var person = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<Person> ((await people.GetItemAsync(personId)).ToJson());
 return Ok(person);
}
This is how you add an item to the People table.
[Http


Scala Map class examples (adding, removing, updating, iterating)
Here's a quick look at how to use the Scala Map class, with a collection of Map class examples.
The immutable Map class is in scope by default, so you can create an immutable map without an import, like this:
val states = Map("AL" -> "Alabama", "AK" -> "Alaska")
To create a mutable Map, import it first:
var states = scala.collection.mutable.Map("AL" -> "Alabama")
Adding, removing, and updating mutable Map elements
The following examples show how to add, remove, and update elements in a mutable Scala Map:
// create an empty map
var states = scala.collection.mutable.Map[String, String]()
// create a map with initial elements
var states = scala.collection.mutable.Map("AL" -> "Alabama", "AK" -> "Alaska")
// add elements with +=
states += ("AZ" -> "Arizona")
states += ("CO" -> "Colorado", "KY" -> "Kentucky")
// remove elements with -=
states -= "KY"
states -= ("AZ", "CO")
// update elements by reassigning them
states("AK") = "Alaska, The Big State"
Iterating over Scala maps
Once you have a Map, you can iterate over it using several different techniques. I prefer using the for loop (or for-comprehension):
scala> val m1 = Map("fname" -> "Al", "lname" -> "Alexander")
scala> for ((k,v) <- m1) printf("key: %s, value: %s\n", k, v)
key: fname, value: Al
key: lname, value: Alexander
This page has some other Map and for-loop examples, which I've reproduced here:
// version 1 (tuples)
m1 foreach (x => println (x._1 + "-->" + x._2))
// version 2 (foreach and case)
m1 foreach {case (key, value) => println (key + "-->" + value)}
You can choose whatever format you prefer.
A few more ways to iterate over a Scala Map
To demonstrate a more "real world" example of looping over a Scala Map, while I was working through some programming examples in the book, Programming Collective Intelligence, I decided to code them up in Scala.
To begin with, I defined my Scala Map like this:
val p1Ratings = Map(
 "Lady in the Water"-> 3.0,
 "Snakes on a Plane"-> 4.0,
 "You, Me and Dupree"-> 3.5
In my case, when I'm iterating over the Map I'm really just interested in the Map keys, so the cleanest way to loop over every Map element is like this:
p1Ratings.keys.foreach( (movie) =>
 if (p2Ratings.contains(movie)) similarItems += (movie -> true)
While I chose that looping method in my code, I could also use the "tuples" approach, where movie is a Tuple, and I only use the first element of the Tuple, which happens to be my keys:
p1Ratings foreach ( (movie) =>
 if (p2Ratings.contains(movie._1)) similarItems += (movie._1 -> true)
In that approach, I ignore the second element of each Tuple, because I don't need it. (Which is why I don't like this approach for this instance.)
In a similar approach, I loop over the Map as shown next, creating a field named rating1 which I again don't use because I don't need it:
for ((movie1, rating1) <- p1Ratings) {
 if (p2Ratings.contains(movie1)) similarItems += (movie1 -> true)
These last two approaches will work better, and look a little more logical, if you need to access the key and value for each map element, but in my case, since I don't need to values, I'm using the first approach shown above.
Summary: Scala Map classes
In summary, I hope these Scala Map class examples have been helpful. As you can see, it's easy to create and use a Scala Map.


"The Army Is Like A Family": Memories Of A Cold War Army Spouse
Mary Lou McClellan
Mary Lou McClellan grew up in Parma, Ohio. Her mother was a shop owner and her father was in communications. In the summer, she and her siblings loved to ride bicycles to the local swimming hole and swim all day, enjoying sandwiches their mother packed. In 1950, she married George McClellan, who had enlisted in the Army, completed his service, and then commissioned from Ohio State ROTC. In 1952, she and her two-month-old daughter flew to Germany to join her husband, who had traveled ahead. Their first assignment in Germany lasted until 1956, and during this time another daughter was born. Stints at Ft. Benning, Georgia, for the Advanced Course, and Monterey, California, for Russian language school followed, as did two more children, both boys, one born in Georgia and one in California. The family returned to Germany in 1958 and spent two years in Oberammergau for additional Russian language training before being stationed in Berlin, with occasional duty at the Potsdam House. In 1961 she lived through construction of the Berlin Wall, and in 1962, the year of the Cuban Missile Crisis, her last daughter was born. In 1964, when George was assigned to Korea, Mary Lou and the family returned to Parma, Ohio, and lived near extended family. From 1965 to 1966, the family lived in Thailand, assigned to the Thai Military Academy, where Mary Lou taught English. After George returned to the States, they relocated to West Point, where George taught in the Department of Earth, Space, and Geographic Sciences until deploying to Vietnam from 1968 to 1969. After returning from overseas, the family was reassigned to the Military Academy. In this interview, she focuses on her life as an Army spouse during the Cold War. She describes living in Germany in the 1950s and 1960s, the children attending German Schools, and various aspects she liked about German culture and society. She recalls being spied on by the Soviets, experiencing major world events, and various periods of unrest in Germany. She discusses living in Thailand and enjoying a vastly different culture. She reflects upon her time at West Point and its close-knit community. Finally, she highlights changes she observed during her decades as an Army spouse.
conflicts Cold War Vietnam War
topics Military Families Life After Military Teamwork PTSD West Point History
interviewer David Siry
date 23 September 2020
name Mary Lou McClellan
specialty Army Spouse


text:
AudioLord of the Flies Study Guide for iPad by RocketBook
Go to the head-of-the-class with comprehensive AUDIO study guides for your iPad. RocketBook, in collaboration with iPREPpress has created mobile AUDIO study guides for a number of novels and plays that are required reading at the high school level.
* All the audio is resident in the APP, not streamed from the Internet. You can use this product anywhere!
But these are study guides like you've never seen before. Designed especially for teen audiences, the professional narration and background music make the presentations engaging and easier to remember.
Even though these study guides are much more stimulating and memorable than the stale, printed or audio study notes from other sources, the material is very solid. Presented chapter-by-chapter, each lesson includes:
* Chapter summary and contains:
- Character development
* Chapter analysis and contains:
With its 12 audio lessons, Lord of the Flies by William Goldinng, springs to life. Use Rocketbook as a complement to your reading assignment. It will enhance your reading experience and help you retain the key facts to ace your book reports and tests.
These guides are especially helpful for students with learning disabilities but they are excellent for all students.
RocketBook has over 35 audio and video titles including:
Romeo and Juliet
The Scarlet Letter
The Great Gatsby
Mary Shelley's Frankenstein
Pride & Prejudice
Each audio and video study guide app has been meticulously created by iPREPpress LLC, a leader in educational iPod, iPhone and mobile device development and distribution.


text: We study the effect of intuitive and reflective processes on cooperation using cognitive load. Compared with time constraint, which has been used in the previous literature, cognitive load is a more direct way to block reflective processes, and thus a more suitable way to study the link between intuition and cooperation. Using a repeated public goods game, we study the effect of different levels of cognitive load on contributions. We show that a higher cognitive load increases the initial level of cooperation. In particular, subjects are significantly less likely to fully free ride under high cognitive load.


text:
Abstract: Zn2+ was used as template with paraffin as dispersant agent,formaldehyde as pre-crosslinking agent,and epichlorohydrin as crosslinking agent to prepare a imprinted chitosan polymer. The structure of the polymer was characterized by X ray diffractometer (XRD). The dosage of the polymer and the influence of temperature on the adsorption of Zn2+ were studied. Studies on the kinetics of the adsorption of Zn2+ by the imprinted polymer and the isothermal adsorption properties were also performed. The result showed that the regularity of the chitosan crystals was broken in the preparation of the imprinted polymer,adding a large amount of coordination group which enlarged adsorption capacity. Meanwhile the polymer acquired a highly selective adsorption capacity to Zn2+,and the separation factor of Zn2+,Cd2+,Mg2+,Mn2+ were all greater than 1.5. The imprinted polymer adsorbed the Zn2+ rapidly,and the whole adsorption process fitted the pseudo-second-order kinetic model well,t/Qt=8.1744+2.0186t and the correlation coefficient was 0.998. The calculated equilibrium adsorption capacity was satisfactory compared with the experiment data. The adsorption process at a constant temperature fitted the Langmuir equation of isothermal adsorption:Ce/Qe=1.3297+0.02701Ce and the maximum adsorption capacity was 37.023 mmol/g. The adsorption mainly proceeded in the form of monolayer.
Template and target information: zinc ion, Zn(II)
Author keywords: chitosan, imprinting, adsorption, Zn2+, kinetics


text:
The Storytelling & Metrics team works on both qualitative and quantitative communication about farm to school impacts locally and statewide, such as:
- Sharing farm to school success stories and highlights about student, school and community impacts, and sharing these stories widely.
- Data collection and measurement of farm to school activities across Washington State, and progress towards the network's Strategic Priorities.
The team is currently working on developing a plan and tools for all Network members to use in their own communities, or through the Network, to communicate their stories about success and highlights of farm to school, and communicate the impacts of farm to school statewide.
Fill out a membership form to join the Storytelling & Metrics Team to get meeting announcements and details.
Below are a few resources to help you tell better stories about your school garden, locally sourced lunch, or agriculture education project!
Telling Your Garden Story – Wisconsin School Garden Network
Every garden is ripe with stories. Maybe it is one about the day the first shovel-full of soil was turned over and the garden was underway. Or about that time a brave rabbit dared to sample lettuce amidst a class of kindergartners partaking in a garden lesson. Each story has the potential to connect others with your garden and garden program. This brief offers tips for collecting and sharing the garden stories that make your garden program so special.
Farm to School Planning Toolkit – Vermont FEED
Communicating your vision and successes is a big part of farm to school program planning. Check out the Communications & Outreach Planning and Communications Strategy worksheets for some useful tools to help tell your farm to school story.
Marketing your School Nutrition Program – Institute for Child Nutrition
Tips for marketing your school's nutrition program, and information on basic terms and concepts of current social media marketing strategies for school nutrition programs.
A Non-profit Story-telling Infographic – Classy.org
To reap the benefits of storytelling, you need to know how to construct a story and effectively communicate it to your audience. This infographic walks you through the steps of telling a powerful impact story.


text:
Number of shapes does not match number of table records。
The following error occurs when adding a theme to a view:
"Number of shapes does not match number of table records."
The error happens when the number of features in the shapefile does not match the number of attributes in the DBF file. These are some common causes that produce the error.
- adding or deleting records to the DBF file corresponding to the existing shapefile
- a system failure occurs during the edit process and the shapefile is saved in a corrupted state
- multiple users editing the same shapefile
- adding features to a theme and the user double-clicks the mouse. A record with zero area is added to the table, but the feature may not bevisible in the view.
Solution or Workaround:
The shapefile may be recovered with one of the following methods. It is highly recommended that a backup copy is made of the shapefile before attempting to use any of these methods.
Use Andrew Williamson's ShapeFile Repairer Utility. Click the link to this ArcScript in Related Information.
Edit the DBF file:
- Open the DBF file.
- Delete the last record.
- Close and save the DBF file.
- Load the shapefile into your View.
Use the ArcInfo Workstation SHAPEARC command:
- Run the SHAPEARC command on the shapefile.
- Run DESCRIBE on the output coverage.
- Make note of the number of shapes.
- Open the DBF corresponding to the shapefile.
- Compare the number of records of the DBF to the number shapes resulting from the DESCRIBE command.
- If the number of DBF records is more than the number of shapes, delete records until the number of shapes matches the number of records.
- If the number of DBF records is less than the number of shapes, add records until the number of shapes matches the number of records.
The shapefile should open in ArcView, but there is no guarantee that attribute information for the shapefile will be correct. To test if the attribute data is assigned to the correct feature, do the following:
- Load the shapefile into a new view.
- Open the attribute table for the shapefile.
- Tile the view and the table.
- Select a record.
- Compare the selected record with the selected feature in the view.
- If the feature does not correspond with the attribute, determine whether and where to add or delete records. The DBF needs to be edited appropriately, keeping in mind that the number of records must equal the number of shapes.
Repeat the comparison steps until the features and attributes are synchronized.


text:
bussos: byssus (a species of flax), also (the) linen (made from it)Original Word: βύσσος, ου, ἡ
Part of Speech: Noun, Feminine
Phonetic Spelling: (boos'-sos)
Short Definition: fine linen, cotton
Definition: fine linen, cotton.
Cognate: 1040 býssos – fine linen, i.e. a very expensive (sought-after) form of linen – "a specific species of Egyptian flax or linen made from it that is very costly, delicate" (J. Thayer). See 1039 (byssinos). Word Origin
of Hebrew origin buts
byssus (a species of flax), also (the) linen (made from it)
fine linen (1).
STRONGS NT 1040: βύσσος
βύσσος, βύσσου, ἡ (Vanicek, Fremdwörter, under the word), byssus, a species of Egyptian flax (found also in India and Achaia) — or linen made from it — very costly, delicate, soft, white, and also of a yellow color (see respecting it Pollux, onomast. 50:7 c. 17 § 75): Luke 16:19; Revelation 18:12 Rec. (In the Sept. generally for שֵׁשׁ, also בּוּץ, cf. 1 Chronicles 15:27; 2 Chronicles 5:12; cf. Winers RWB under the word Baumwolle; (BB. DD., see under the words, and ). Josephus, Antiquities 3, 6, 1f; 3, 7, 2; Philostr. vit. Apoll. 2, 20 (p. 71, Olear. edition); on the flax of Achaia growing about Elis, cf. Pausanias, 5, 5, 2; 7, 21, 7.)<1>
Of Hebrew origin (buwts); white linen -- fine linen.
see HEBREW buwts βυούσης βυσσον βύσσον βύσσος βύσσου βύσσω βώλακας βώλους busson bysson býsson
Strong's Greek 1040
βύσσον — 1 Occ.
Luke 16:19 N-AFS
BIB: πορφύραν καὶ βύσσον εὐφραινόμενος καθ'
NAS: in purple and fine linen, joyously living
KJV: and fine linen, and fared
INT: purple and fine linen making good cheer every


text:
Teachers from Invisible Children Uganda partner schools were given an opportunity to acquire new computer knowledge, skills and working methods through a one week computer training at Sacred Heart School. The training, conducted this week by Schools for Schools (S4S), is designed to support teachers and build their capacity to help students. Computer applications like Microsoft Excel, PowerPoint presentations, Word and internet use were the main topics of the training.
Opening presentations and graphs he created during the training, Okot Peter, a teacher of agriculture at Anaka Secondary School, tells how the training has been beneficial to him.
"My work is going to become much easier," he says. "I am now able to produce and conduct my lessons using PowerPoint, design the class list and present graph illustrations of how my students are performing."
By equipping teachers with this knowledge, they can use it to raise academic standards in the classroom. S4S partners with 11 schools in northern Uganda to build and renovate school structures while also improving the schools' educational climate through career guidance and teacher training.


Question: What Does Apathetic Mean?
What do you call a person who hides their feelings?
Stoic is a term for someone who can handle pain and hardship without showing one's feelings or complaining..
Does apathy go away?
Apathy treatments depend upon the underlying cause. Medications and psychotherapy can help restore your interest in life. You may also show chronic apathy symptoms if you have a progressive disorder such as Parkinson's or Alzheimer's. Treating the underlying condition can help improve apathy.
What is the feeling of indifference?
Apathy is characterized by feelings of indifference and lack of emotion. 1 The term is often used to describe a lack of caring or concern, but in mental health contexts, this loss of interest in different aspects of life events is often a sign of a condition.
What do you call someone who hides their pain behind a smile?
Someone who hides their pain behind a smile.
Why do men hide their feelings?
Why Do Men Hide Their Emotions? There's no argument that women are more likely to show their emotions than men. From an early age, men are conditioned to believe that expressing their feelings is out of character with the male identity. Doing so can ruin their image of being strong and stoic.
Is apathy a bad thing?
And while it can be harmless and normal to experience, it can also be harmful. The indifference, unresponsiveness, detachment, and passivity can leave apathetic individuals feeling exhausted and also lead to their making of bad decisions—because they just don't care.
What is an example of apathy?
The definition of apathy is a lack of emotion or interest. A student who does not care one way or the other if he passes a class is an example of a student who has apathy towards the class.
What disorder causes lack of emotions?
As a condition marked by lack of feelings, it can be difficult to recognize the symptoms of alexithymia. Since this condition is associated with an inability to express feelings, an affected person might come across as being out of touch or apathetic.
What does lack of empathy look like?
If a person who lacks empathy criticizes you, has an emotional outburst over a perceived slight or otherwise behaves insensitively, remember that it's not about you. It's about them. You've probably seen them behave this way around other people, too.
What is a narcissistic alexithymia?
Alexithymia is when you have trouble identifying and describing your feelings as well as others, and struggle with empathy and NPD (Narcissistic personality disorder) is an overinflation of self importance.
What causes apathy in relationships?
Some common causes include: Negative feelings and thoughts about yourself: when you feel worthless, useless, incompetent, and generally pessimistic about your life and abilities for a while, it is likely that you might move on to apathy and detachment.
Is apathy a symptom of schizophrenia?
Causes of Apathy A person living with schizophrenia can still experience depression even when they are in recovery—the person will show signs of apathy, which can be attributed to the depression. Excessive doses of antipsychotics can contribute to apathy.
What does it mean for someone to be apathetic?
Is apathetic an emotion?
Apathy is a lack of feeling, emotion, interest, or concern about something. It is a state of indifference, or the suppression of emotions such as concern, excitement, motivation, or passion.
What are signs of emotional detachment?
Symptoms of emotional detachmentdifficulty creating or maintaining personal relationships.a lack of attention, or appearing preoccupied when around others.difficulty being loving or affectionate with a family member.avoiding people, activities, or places because they're associated with a past trauma or event.More items…•Sep 3, 2019
How do you use apathy?
There is nothing worse than apathy. His apathy just made her even more frustrated. Once defeated, he sank into apathy. His apathy necessitates stimulation. The campaign failed because of public apathy. Voter apathy is especially high among young people.More items…•Aug 30, 2016
Is it good to hold in your emotions?
"Suppressing your emotions, whether it's anger, sadness, grief or frustration, can lead to physical stress on your body. … And avoiding emotions can also "lead to problems with memory, aggression, anxiety and depression".
What is the opposite of apathetic?
apathetic, indifferent(adj) marked by a lack of interest. "an apathetic audience"; "the universe is neither hostile nor friendly; it is simply indifferent" Antonyms: spirited, interested.
Can someone with alexithymia love you?
Why is apathy important?
Apathy is an important brain-behavior disorder and a part of many neuropsychiatric behaviors and neurodegenerative disorders. Although originally defined as a lack of emotion, apathy is more precisely a disturbance of the motivation processes of the brain.
Can frontal lobe damage cause depression?
Since the frontal lobe governs memory, emotion, judgment, executive functions, and behavior, a lesion of this lobe is the most common cause of depression or other mood disorders [12]. A lesion of the dominant frontal lobe is more likely to cause these disorders.


MaxLevel Property
Maximum level of genetic trees, [1, 50].
Namespace: AForge.Genetic
Assembly: AForge.Genetic (in AForge.Genetic.dll) Version: 2.2.4.0 (2.2.4.0)
Syntax
C#
public static int MaxLevel { get; set; }
Remarks
The property sets maximum possible depth of genetic programming tree, which may be created with mutation and crossover operators. This property guarantees that genetic programmin tree will never have higher depth, than the specified value.
Default value is set to 5.
See Also


text:
Sectoral electricity demand and direct rebound effects in New Zealand
This paper is one of the limited studies to investigate rebound effects in sectoral electricity consumption and the specific case of New Zealand. New Zealand, like other OECD economies, has aimed for energy efficiency improvements and reduced electricity consumption from 9.2 MWh per capita in 2010 to 8.6 MWh per capita in 2015. However, following a significant decline since 2010, electricity consumption in the main New Zealand sectors is increasing. Energy conservation could play an important role in meeting the growing demand for electricity but rebound effects can affect the effectiveness of conservation policies. We decompose the sectoral electricity prices to capture the asymmetric demand response to electricity price changes and estimate electricity demand elasticity during 1980 and 2015 to estimate the sectoral rebound effects. We find partial rebound effects of 54% and 23% in the industrial and commercial sectors respectively while we find no rebound effect at the aggregate level. The rebound effect is insignificant in the residential sector. These findings lead to policy recommendations for sector specific energy conservation measures and policies.
Open Access Status
This publication is not available as open access
University of Wollongong


Question: What Is The Population Of China In 2020?
Which country has more females than males?
Conversely, there are more men than women in Asia, Arab countries and Northern Africa.
The same countries also lead world statistics in the life-expectancy gap between men and women..
What is 1% of the world population?
What is the population of India in 2020?
1,380,004,385 peopleIndia 2020 population is estimated at 1,380,004,385 people at mid year according to UN data. India population is equivalent to 17.7% of the total world population. India ranks number 2 in the list of countries (and dependencies) by population. The population density in India is 464 per Km2 (1,202 people per mi2).
How many people are in the World 2020?
7.8 Billion7.8 Billion (2020) The current world population is 7.8 billion as of October 2020 according to the most recent United Nations estimates elaborated by Worldometer. The term "World Population" refers to the human population (the total number of humans currently living) of the world.
Is China overpopulated today?
Which country has lowest population in the world?
Why is China so big?
Short answer: China is big right now, largely due to the rise of the Qing Dynasty. … However, it is notable that the emperor that was responsible for the expansion of the Qing dynasty's border to include current day Mongolia, Tibet and Taiwan is KangXi Emperor of Qing.
What's the male to female ratio in America?
How many kids can you have in China?
How many females are in the World 2020?
Currently, the world population is increasing by more than 90 million per year. The Global sex ratio is 1.018. It means that we have slightly more men then women. The median age of the world's population is estimated to be 31 years in 2020 (30.3 and 31.8 for male and female accordingly).
What is China doing to stop overpopulation?
Why is India so overpopulated?
What is the total population of China in 2020?
Total population of China from 1980 to 2024 (in millions)Population in millions2020*1,_PHONE_,_PHONE_,_PHONE_,390.089 more rows•Mar 5, 2020
What is the population of USA in 2020?
What percent of China's population is male?
According to the 2010 census, 91.51% of the population was Han Chinese, and 8.49% were minorities. China's population growth rate is only 0.59%, ranking 159th in the world….Demographics of China15–64 years70.7% (2019 est.)65 and over10.92% (2018 est.)Sex ratioAt birth1.14 male to female (2016 est.)22 more rows


text:
Useful e-Connect and LightwaveRF Lighting integrations
Triggers (If this)
- Device enabledThis trigger fires when a device is enabled
- Light switched onThis trigger fires whenever a light is switched on.
- Device disabledThis trigger fires when a device is disabled.
- Light switched offThis trigger fires whenever a light is switched off.
- Panel armedThis trigger fires when the panel is armed.
- Panel disarmedThis trigger fires when the panel is disarmed.
- Sector armedThis trigger fires when a sector is armed.
- Sector disarmedThis trigger fires when a sector is disarmed.
Actions (Then that)
- Turn on lightThis Action will switch on your light.
- Enable deviceThis action will enable a device.
- Turn off lightThis Action will switch off your light.
- Disable deviceThis action will disable a device.
- Dim a lightThis Action will set a dim level on your light.
- Arm the panelThis action will arm the panel
- Lock lightThis Action will lock a device, preventing use of the physical buttons on the device.
- Set temperatureThis action will set the temperature of a chronothermostat.
- Unlock a lightThis Action will unlock a light, allowing use of the physical buttons on the device.
- Fully lock a lightThis Action will fully lock a light, preventing both the use of physical buttons and radio control of the device.
IFTTT helps all your apps and devices work better together


text:
Codeswitching in its function as a marker of ethnicity within the same speech community has so far mostly been illustrated with case studies involving closely related codes (e.g. dialect/standard) rather than distinct standard languages. The purpose of this article is to show in how far Afrikaans-English codeswitching reflects in its grammatical forms ethnic divisions within the Afrikaans speech community. In order to answer this question, Muysken's threefold taxonomy of insertions, alternations and congruent lexicalization is used to categorize and quantify forms of Afrikaans-English codeswitching in the informal speech of three age cohorts distributed across seven samples of White and Coloured Afrikaans speakers from South Africa and Namibia. The analysis reveals that codeswitching patterns differ across the ethnic divide not only in terms of relative proportions of insertions, alternations and congruent lexicalization, but also in terms of specific grammatical or syntactic characteristics which these codeswitching types may assume. On the basis of some of these specific characteristics the conclusion is drawn that codeswitching practices remain to some degree conditioned by perceptions of ethnic group membership rather than by histories of language contact or typological distance between Afrikaans and English. KG.
|Number of pages||26|
|Journal||International Journal of the Sociology of Language|
|Publication status||Published - 1 Sep 2009|
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Language and Linguistics
- Linguistics and Language


Take the 2-minute tour ×
I have read here, that $\frac{1}{2}mv^2$ must not be applied on a photon ever.
If i want to calculate escape velocity $v_e$ i need to use $\frac{1}{2}mv^2$ because we say that kinetic energy (positive) must be same or larger than gravitational potential (which is negative) in order for an object to escape. It is done like this:
$$ \begin{split} W_k + W_p &= 0\\ \frac{1}{2}mv_e^2 + \left(-\frac{GMm}{r}\right) &= 0\\ v_e &= \sqrt{\frac{2GM}{r}} \end{split} $$
Than we say if there is a black hole inside certain radius we call Schwarzschield radius $r=R_{sch}$ not even light can escape because its escape velocity is smaller than needed to escape. At the border of the sphere with $R_{sch}$ light can barely escape, so it must hold that $c$ equals escape velocity $v_e$. So we write down the equation below and derive $R_{sch}$.
$$ \begin{split} c &= \sqrt{\frac{2GM}{R_{sch}}}\\ R_{sch} &= \frac{2GM}{c^2} \end{split} $$
This is a well known equation, but it is derived allso using $\frac{1}{2}mv^2$ for light (photons). This is in contradiction with 1st statement in this post. So is the last equation even valid???
share|improve this question
$\frac{1}{2}mv^2 = \frac{p^2}{2m}$ isn't even generally correct for massive particles: in only applies where $v \ll c$. For high velocities it is mandatory to use the correct relativistic expression $\sqrt{m^2c^4 + p^2c^2} - mc^2$. Obviously $c \not\ll c$ so you get $\sqrt{0 + p^2c^2} - 0 = pc$. – dmckee Jan 18 '13 at 15:38
It's a random coincidence. In particular, your derivation doesn't change if the "black hole" is spinning, but in full general relativity, you'll have $R = \frac{G}{c^{2}}\left(M + \sqrt{M^{2} - \frac{J^{2}c^{2}}{G^{2}M^{2}}}\right)$, where $J$ is the angular momentum of the black hole. – Jerry Schirmer Jan 18 '13 at 16:23
Indeed it is coincidence. See also my answer to this question – Chris White Jan 18 '13 at 17:13
Our professor derived it like this. Furthermore he didnt even warn us the derivation is WRONG! But i am amazed! What a coincidence indeed :) – 71GA Jan 18 '13 at 19:21
_USER_ Congrats. I never managed to catch my professors on any errors more serious than flipped signs or the like. :) – Dan Neely Jan 18 '13 at 20:49
2 Answers 2
up vote 5 down vote accepted
This is one of those cases when the ends do not justify the means... Just because you get a result that is true, from laws that aren't supposed hold in that situation, doesn't mean that the laws can be used there.
If you're asking about whether there is a deeper connection between using $\frac{1}{2}mv^2$ and getting the radius, to the best of my knowledge, there is none: it just happens to be a coincidence that they match.
Like Michael Brown said, the Schwarzschild radius can only be derived from GR, in which the Schwarzschild metric \begin{align} ds^2 = - (1-2GM/r) dt^2 + (1-2GM/r)^{-1}dr^2 + r^2d\Omega^2 \end{align} is the unique maximally symmetric solution to Einstein's equations in vacuum. (I've set $c = 1$) here. Note that something interesting is happening when $r = 2GM$, and one can go on to show that $r = 2GM$ happens to be the boundary of the causal part of the future null infinity, which we identify as the event horizon.
share|improve this answer
Missing those factors of 2 perhaps? – Chris White Jan 18 '13 at 17:10
ahha yes. i'll edit my post, thanks – nervxxx Jan 18 '13 at 17:12
The short answer is: no, $\frac{1}{2}mv^2$ is never valid for photons. A photon's energy is given by $$ E = h f = \hbar \omega = \frac{h c}{\lambda} $$ always. The derivation of the Schwarzschild radius you mention is an incorrect one that happens to give the right answer accidentally. The correct derivation requires general relativity.
share|improve this answer
Your Answer


text:
Первая мировая война: взгляд спустя столетие. 1914 год: от мира к войне: доклады и выступления участников III Международной научно-практической конференции.
the article deals with the most important aspects of intellectual struggle on the initial period of the First World War. The author reconstructs the logic of reasoning appeared in manifestos of scientists and artists that were issued in Germany, Great Britain and Russia and became an important element of struggle. In addition, the article analyzes Russian religious philosophers debate about the meaning of the war, its goals and objectives. The author postulates in conclusion the importance of intellectual struggle as one of the elements of total conflict.


text:
What is PinCode?
Postal Index Number or PIN or Pincode is the identifier used by India Post to locate geographical regions and post offices in India. The PINcode is 6 digit code. The first digit of Pincode indicates the regional zone, the second digit indicate the sub region or the postal circles, the third digits represents a revenue district. The last 3 digits The final three digits are assigned to individual post offices.


[vc_row css=".vc_custom_1447738075492{margin: 5px!important;padding: 10px!important;}"][vc_column][vc_column_text]
Georgina Hogarth was the sister-in-law, housekeeper and adviser of Charles Dickens and the editor of two volumes of his collected letters after his death. She was a trusted companion and confidant who Dickens described (in his will) as 'the best and truest friend man ever had'.
Early Life.
Georgina Hogarth was born on 22 January 1827, one of ten children born in Scotland to music critic George Hogarth and his wife Georgina.
In 1834 she moved along with her family to London where her father had taken a job as a music critic for the The Morning Chronicle. The family lived at Queen's Elm, Brompton, then a rural area of orchards and market gardens on the fringes of the city.
Dickens family household.
In 1842, aged 15, Georgina Hogarth joined the Dickens family household when Dickens and his wife Catherine, sailed to America, caring for the young family they had left behind.
Dickens divorce from Catherine.
In 1858 Georgina Hogarth sided with Dickens when he separated from her sister, Catherine, Dickens's wife. This caused the family to break apart. Georgina, Charles Dickens and all of the children except Charles Dickens, Jr. remained in their home at Tavistock House, while Catherine and Charles Jr. moved out. Georgina Hogarth ran his household.
She remained with them as housekeeper, organiser, adviser and friend until her brother-in-law's death in 1870, after which she stayed in regular contact with the surviving members of the Dickens family.
Georgina Hogarth died on 19 April 1917.


text:
Following last week's announcement that writer Alain de Botton plans to build a series of temples for atheists, here are some more images of the first structure planned for the City of London.
Each centimetre of the hollow stone tower's 46 metre height will represent a million years of the earth's existence so far, while a millimetre-thick band of gold around the base will denote how long humans have been part of that history.
Images of the Temple to Perspective and other temples designed by architects Tom Greenall and Jordan Hodgson are included in de Botton's latest book, Religion for Atheists - find out more in our earlier Dezeen Wire.
Since we announced news of the proposals last week, Guardian critic Steve Rose has described them as unlikely to "convince any religious adherent to cross over", while Dezeen readers found them "beautiful", "perplexing" and "a waste of time" in equal measures - join the debate here.
Here's some more text from Tom Greenall:
Temple to Perspective
Standing 46-metres tall and in the heart of the City of London, the temple represents the entire history of life on earth: each centimetre of its height equates to one million years of life. One metre from the ground, a single line of gold - no more than a millimetre thick - represents the entire existence of humankind. A visit to the temple is intended to leave one with a renewed sense of perspective.


text:
Richmond, City of
Volunteer Management Strategy / Demystifying the Volunteer Management Strategy (2011)
The Strategy focuses on five strategic directions:
- Manage volunteers through a technology-based Volunteer Management System.
- Work together with other organizations across Richmond to achieve a synergy and sharing of process, training, tools, costs and volunteers.
- Work in conjunction with other organizations to assist them in building their own capacity to recruit and manage volunteers, without duplicating efforts, but by building a seamless system.
- Raise the profile of volunteers in the community through enhancing recognition programs.
- Develop consistent procedures and standards by centralizing certain activities such as screening, risk management, orientation, evaluation and recognition


text:
With Halloween approaching, Indigenous students are speaking out against culturally appropriated costumes being marketed in Canada.
Cultural appropriation is the act of taking certain elements of a culture or community of which you do not identify with. This is typically manifested as someone from a dominant group taking from marginalized cultures or communities for artificial or leisurely purposes that undermine the cultural context and significance.
The National Aboriginal Caucus of the Canadian Federation of Students have recently been promoting the _TAG_ campaign. We encourage you to speak up when you see culturally appropriative costumes for sale in stores and of course to avoid purchasing them yourself. The impacts of choosing to buy, make, and wear a culturally appropriative costume are significant, including trivializing violent historical realities and on-going struggles and spreading stereotypes about marginalized communities.


text:
2017, Vol.20, No.2, pp.194-198
We have solved the problem of transparent nanoparticle motion under the action of a gradient component of light pressure force in a field of periodically modulated intensity of continuous laser radiation. For different initial values of particle coordinate and speed, we have found and numerically analyzed the exact solutions of the equation of motion described by the elliptic integrals of the first kind. The simple approximate expressions for the nanoparticle trajectory are obtained as a result of series expansion of the integrand in elliptic integrals. It is shown that depending on initial conditions, two different regimes are possible – harmonic motion and translatory motion with nanoparticle localization in one of the maxima of radiation interference pattern.
Key words: light pressure, gradient forces, transparent nanoparticle, elliptic integral
Full text: Acrobat PDF (153 KB)
Copyright © Nonlinear Phenomena in Complex Systems. Last updated: July 6, 2017


We've been working hard to provide credible assumptions on how we work out data. Click on the underlined figures to reach their sources.
Number of people living in the UK in 2011 is 62,300,000
Number of dwellings/households in the UK in 2011 was 26,300,000
Average number of people living per household is 2.36 (population divided by households), this does not take into account roughly 15,000+ people who live on the streets in the UK.
Number of roads/streets in the UK 260,000 based on the Open Street Map project stats. This is an approximate figure.
This allows us to deduce that there are 101 dwellings on average per road in the UK (26,300,000 dwellings divided by 260,000 roads).
There are 240 people living on the average road in the UK (62,300,000 people divided by 260,000 roads).


text:
Satellite-based payload certification plays a crucial role in ensuring the reliability and safety of satellite systems. With the increasing reliance on satellites for various applications, such as communication, navigation, and remote sensing, it is essential to have a rigorous certification process in place. This article explores the importance of satellite-based payload certification and its significance in the ever-evolving field of satellite technology.
Satellites are complex systems that consist of various components, including the payload, which is responsible for carrying out the intended mission. The payload can range from communication antennas to imaging sensors, depending on the satellite's purpose. The certification process for these payloads involves a series of tests and evaluations to ensure their functionality, performance, and compliance with industry standards.
One of the primary reasons why satellite-based payload certification is crucial is to guarantee the reliability of satellite systems. Satellites are often deployed in harsh environments, including space, where they are exposed to extreme temperatures, radiation, and vacuum conditions. These conditions can have a significant impact on the performance and functionality of the payload. Through certification, engineers can identify potential issues and design payloads that can withstand these challenging conditions.
Moreover, payload certification also ensures the safety of satellite systems. Satellites are launched into space using powerful rockets, and any failure during the launch can have catastrophic consequences. Payload certification involves testing the payload's structural integrity and its ability to withstand the vibrations and shocks experienced during launch. By certifying the payload, engineers can minimize the risk of failure and ensure the safety of both the satellite and its surroundings.
Another important aspect of satellite-based payload certification is its role in meeting regulatory requirements. Satellites are subject to various regulations, both at the national and international levels. These regulations often include specific requirements for payload performance, frequency allocation, and interference mitigation. By certifying the payload, satellite operators can demonstrate compliance with these regulations and ensure that their systems operate within the designated frequency bands without causing interference to other satellite systems.
Furthermore, payload certification also contributes to the overall efficiency and effectiveness of satellite systems. By certifying the payload's performance and functionality, engineers can optimize the design and operation of the satellite. This optimization can lead to improved data quality, increased data transmission rates, and enhanced system reliability. Ultimately, these improvements translate into better services for end-users, whether it be high-speed internet access, accurate weather forecasting, or real-time monitoring of natural disasters.
In conclusion, satellite-based payload certification is of utmost importance in the field of satellite technology. It ensures the reliability, safety, regulatory compliance, and overall efficiency of satellite systems. As the demand for satellite-based services continues to grow, the need for robust payload certification processes becomes even more critical. By certifying the payload, engineers can address the challenges posed by the harsh space environment, mitigate the risks associated with launch, meet regulatory requirements, and optimize the performance of satellite systems. Ultimately, payload certification plays a vital role in enabling the seamless operation of satellites and the delivery of essential services to users worldwide.


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John Weiss (28 June 1818 - 9 March 1879) was an American author and clergyman, as well as a noted abolitionist.
Weiss was born in Boston. His father, a German Jew, was a barber in Worcester. He graduated at Harvard in 1837 and at the Harvard Divinity School in 1843, studying abroad in between. He then preached at Watertown, but withdrew on account of his anti-slavery opinions. He was pastor at New Bedford, Massachusetts, for a short time, resigning on account of the failure of his health. After several years of study and travel he resumed his pastorate in the Unitarian church at Watertown in 1859, remaining there until 1870.
On the issue of slavery, the Reverend John Weiss was an outspoken abolitionist. He was an advocate of woman's rights, a rationalist in religion, and a disciple of the transcendental philosophy. He delivered courses of lectures on "Greek Religious Ideas," "Humor in Shakespeare," and "Shakespeare's Women." Of his lectures on Greek religious ideas, Octavius B. Frothingham said: "They were the keenest interpretation of the ancient myths, the most profound, luminous, and sympathetic, I have met with."
He is the author of many reviews, sermons, and magazine articles on literary, biographical, social, and political questions. He also wrote:
- Life and Correspondence of Theodore Parker (2 vols., New York, 1864)
- American Religion (1871)
He edited and translated:
External links


Missing Pictures in Samsung Galaxy S3 Gallery
If you have noticed that some folders or pictures in your Samsung Galaxy S3 gallery are missing, you might have just accidentally hidden or deleted them. It is also possible that it is an effect of a glitch in your system or app.
A. Restart The Phone
Most of the time, the system of the phone just needs to be refreshed after a long use. So, do a simple restart first.
B. Check Hidden Files
There are also times when you have just accidentally hidden the folders of the Galaxy S3 gallery or this may be caused by someone who gained access to your Galaxy S3 without your knowledge like your child. So, check if the missing photos or folders that you are looking for in your Galaxy S3 gallery are just hidden by performing the steps below:
1. Open the My Files app which is located in the Home screen.
2. Press the Menu key and go to Settings.
3. Check the box that will show the hidden files of your phone.
4. If you want to remove the status of the file as hidden, just remove the quotes (the " and " symbols) before and after its file name.
C. Retrieve Missing Photos Using Third-Party Apps
There are apps that will enable you to retieve your missing files such as photos, text messages and contacts. One of the popular software being used by several Android owners is Dr. Fone. Click this link to our previous article for a detailed guide on how to use it for retrieving the deleted photos in the Galaxy S3 gallery or other lost data in your device.
Please be reminded though that we are not promoting Dr. Fone or connected in any way to its developers. We are only featuring this to illustrate that this particular problem with the Galaxy S3 gallery can be fixed using a third-party party tool.
Email Us
If you have questions about Android devices or you want to add something to the solutions discussed in this article, feel free to share to us your thoughts through [email protected]


0
$\begingroup$
According to my previous question, I have changed the generate command to:
y=generate1(100,1000,1);
and got the following picture:
enter image description here
Now I want to test a wavelet transform on the same signal, which of course exists in Matlab, but I have one thing which I should clarify: generally, as I know large scale values correspond to small frequencies and small scale values to large frequencies. So, how should I determine if the given frequencies are small or large? Also, which wavelet transform should i use?
For example:
m=cwt(y,1:100,'sym2');
and plot it
plot(m)
enter image description here
How should I read the second picture? What kind of information can I get?
$\endgroup$
1
$\begingroup$
Try this one:
m=cwt(y,1:100,'sym2','plot');
colormap(pink)
Result (btw, I cannot reproduce your curve in time domain with the function generate1):
enter image description here
Low scale values compress the wavelet and correlate better with high frequencies. While high scale values stretch the wavelet and correlate better with the low frequency content of the signal.
| improve this answer | |
$\endgroup$
 - $\begingroup$ does this picture shows peaks at given frequency's in signal? $\endgroup$ – dato datuashvili Jan 4 '14 at 16:26
 - $\begingroup$ They are CWT coefficients (mathworks.com/help/wavelet/gs/…), but I guess it is somehow equivalent to the power within the scaling window. $\endgroup$ – lennon310 Jan 4 '14 at 16:35
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|Yale-New Haven Teachers Institute||Home|
Because students are naturally inclined to read and write about topics that concern themselves and their experiences in the world, autobiography is an appealing genre to students. In reading autobiographical novels and essays, students can find realistic role models. In writing autobiographical essays, students can find a rhetorical method for self-reflection. In this sense, a unit on autobiography can prove to be a valuable teaching tool for students of all ages and ability levels. Esmeralda Santiago's novel When I Was Puerto Rican is an autobiography that traces Santiago's memoirs through her childhood in Puerto Rico and her transition from Puerto Rico to New York City. Her second memoir, Almost a Woman continues the spirited documentation of her adjustments and experiences as she grows up in New York City and attends the High School for Performing Arts. Santiago presents her work as an exploration of her search for identity and as a model for young people in their own search.
This curriculum unit is designed for an Advanced Placement (AP) English course for high school juniors, however it is easily adaptable to other secondary levels. The AP course is structured as an analysis of writing and rhetoric with an intense focus on preparation for the national Advanced Placement exam in language and composition, which students take in May. The main objectives of the unit are as follows. (1) Students will be able to identify and analyze and author's use of point of view. (2) Students will be able to identify and analyze the author's use of literary devices. (3) Students will be able to respond to the novel in terms of narrative style and technique as well as in relation to the novel's plot and themes.
(Recommended for English and AP English, grades 9-12.)


General Question
Violet's avatar
What causes tartar build up on teeth?
Asked by Violet (6566 points ) February 25th, 2010
The dental assistant and I were stumped today during my visit. I take great care of my teeth, and she knows that.
I've been driving a lot of Sprite Zero, which has Phenylketonurics (aspartame, an artificial sweetener).
Could that cause tartar build up?
If not, what causes tartar build up?
Observing members: 0 Composing members: 0
14 Answers
Lightlyseared's avatar
It is a hardened form of dental plaque (a biofilm produced by bacteria in the mouth) caused by the continual accumulation of minerals from saliva on plaque on the teeth.
Violet's avatar
_USER_ and what causes that?
lilikoi's avatar
You should've asked your dentist for a better explanation while you were there.
Bacteria eat sugar so yes, drinking soda or eating anything with sugar will provide food for bacteria to multiply. They form plaque. When that sits around for a while, it eventually hardens to form tartar.
The back of your lower front teeth can be prone to plaque development because there are salivary glands near them.
I've been told by dentists that some people are just prone to plaque development while others are not.
Violet's avatar
She did explain this all to me. We just couldn't figure out why all of the sudden it was happening (like elevated salivary pH, heightened concentration of calcium in the saliva, increased bacterial protein and lipid concentration, increased concentration of protein and urea in submandibular salivary glands)
And there isn't any sugar in my soda.
loser's avatar
Not flossing.
Cruiser's avatar
Eat Cap'n Crunch, that stuff is like sand blasting your teeth. Eat a handful a day and you will never have to floss again.
dpworkin's avatar
It precipitates out of your saliva, so if you are holding saliva in a portion of your mouth (generally, near the bottom incisors) you will get more plaque in that are, no matter how much you brush and floss. There is also a genetic component to your propensity to form plaque.
CMaz's avatar
trailsillustrated's avatar
its your body ph. a more acidic ph will have less build up more of a propensity for tooth decayan alkaline ph will have lots of build up but low tooth decay. don't worry about it. get your teeth cleaned regularly maybe
neverawake's avatar
when you don't brush daily, drinking coffee constantly, and a lot of other things.
phil196662's avatar
_USER_… aspartame, asuflame, sucrolose is sugar! and changes the ph in your mouth and can contribute to plaque.
Check your diet too, are you eating your dark green leafies and enough whole grains? Go to your doctor and get a blood test and see if anythings changed to cause your plaque.
Remember, finger nails, teeth, skin and hair all tell a story of boy health and if this happened recently it might be worth checking into with your doctor!
Shuttle128's avatar
_USER_ All of those artificial sweeteners are very not sugar. None are metabolized like sugar (which is one of the main reasons they exist in the first place). Even if most of the structure of sucralose is similar to sucrose, it is not the same because hydroxides are replaced with chlorine. The sweeteners behave very similarly to sucrose but none act exactly the same whatsoever. In fact most sweeteners are several hundred times more sweet than sucrose itself.
phil196662's avatar
And what's that caustic work you used.. chlorine… ahhhclean out the insides! I simply use moderation and eat the real stuffwe still don't know the long range effects and if they are contributing to any diseases or ailments.
Shuttle128's avatar
Well, your body actually needs chlorine. You ingest chlorine any time you eat something seasoned with salt.
I don't particularly like the taste of artificial sweeteners and would rather eat real sugar in moderation anyway. There's no indication yet that artificial sweeteners cause any long-term harm though (that is unless you have phenylketonuria).
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text:
Disadvantaged families in West Northamptonshire have received a share of a £850,000 fund to ensure vulnerable children are fed over the school summer holidays.
Just under 9,500 families whose children are eligible for free school meals during term time have now also received vouchers of £90, which can be spent at many of the major supermarkets over the six-week summer holiday. This equates to £15 per child each week.
Cabinet member for Children and Education at West Northamptonshire Council (WNC), Councillor Fiona Baker, said: "We saw early on in the lock down how many low-income families weren't being furloughed and just lost their jobs and any form of independent income. It is up to us to ensure their children are protected from those circumstances as much as possible.
"But we have to be clear that this has been a one-off payment from Government and this kind of support to mitigate the impact of Covid and the lockdown cannot continue indefinitely.
"We will be monitoring our progress closely and will lobby Government if the evidence shows further support is needed."
WNC has been working with schools to gather lists of eligible pupils after the Government announced the Household Support Grant Scheme to pay for free school meals or fuel costs in June.
After schools provided lists of eligible pupils, WNC generated individual pupil vouchers and returned them to schools so they could distribute them to the families who need them.
Schools with the largest number of eligible pupils received the vouchers first and the rest in descending order in time for the start of the school holidays last week.
This follows after a Northamptonshire charity confirmed that it is set to open a food bank for the eighth consecutive year at Rectory Farm Centre to meet 'big demand' in the NN3 area.
Department for Education figures show 17,901 children in Northamptonshire were eligible for free school meals in January – 15% of all state school pupils in the area. This was up from 12% the year before, and at the highest level since comparable figures began in 2015-16.
A council spokesperson confirmed that this free meals scheme will also be in place for eligible families in North Northamptonshire
The scheme remains in place this year despite Northamptonshire's seven MPs voting down a national motion to continue the free school meal scheme across the UK during school holidays in October 2020.
After it was decided that the free school meal scheme would not be extended by central Government, England and Manchester United striker Marcus Rashford led a huge campaign to provide 1.4 million children across the country with food vouchers during the holidays.
To find out more about the free school meals scheme in West Northamptonshire, visit: _URL_


text:
Ambient air — Determination of numerical concentration of inorganic fibrous particles — Scanning electron microscopy method
ISO 14966:2002 specifies a method using scanning electron microscopy for determination of the concentration of inorganic fibrous particles in the air. The method specifies the use of gold-coated, capillary-pore, track-etched membrane filters, through which a known volume of air has been drawn. Using energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, the method can discriminate between fibres with compositions consistent with those of the asbestos varieties (e.g. serpentine and amphibole), gypsum and other inorganic fibres. Annex C provides a summary of fibre types which can be measured.
ISO 14966:2002 is applicable to the measurement of the concentrations of inorganic fibrous particles in ambient air. The method is also applicable for determining the numerical concentrations of inorganic fibrous particles in the interior atmospheres of buildings, for example, to determine the concentration of airborne inorganic fibrous particles remaining after the removal of asbestos-containing products.
The range of concentrations for fibres with lengths greater than 5 micrometres, in the range of widths which can be detected under standard measurement conditions, is approximately 3 fibres to 200 fibres per square millimetre of filter area. The air concentrations, in fibres per cubic metre, represented by these values are a function of the volume of air sampled.
NOTE The ability of the method to detect and classify fibres with widths lower than 0,2 micrometres is limited. If airborne fibres in the atmosphere being sampled are predominantly less than 0,2 micrometres in width, a transmission electron microscopy method such as ISO 10312 can be used to determine the smaller fibres.
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Methods for sampling and analysis of ambient air - Guide to siting air monitoring equipment
Methods for sampling and analysis of ambient air - Method 10.1: Determination of particulate matter - Deposited matter - Gravimetric method
Methods for sampling and analysis of ambient air - Method 10.2: Determination of particulate matter - Impinged matter - Gravimetric method
Methods for sampling and analysis of ambient air - Method 11.1: Determination of methane and non-methane organic compounds in ambient air - Direct-reading instrumental method


text:
[Emergencies in the surgery of colonic neoplasms. A review of the literature and the authors' cases].Minerva Chir. 1991 Jan; 46(1-2):25-30.MC
The paper reports the personal experience of the 2nd Division of General Surgery of the Martini Hospital in Turin and compares it to the results of the most recently published studies. Of 123 patients who underwent emergency surgery, 101 were suffering from tumors of the colon complicated by intestinal occlusion and 22 by perforation. Only right hemicolectomy was performed in cases of perforation or resection with ileostomy and colic mucous fistula was used for neoplasms located in the right colon; Hartmann's operation or dual ostomy was performed in the event of neoplasms in the left colon. Surgical treatment of occlusive tumors of the left colon is still the subject of continued debate. The elective surgical technique is an amblée resection using colo-colic anastomosis with a protective ostomy. This is followed by Hartmann's operation, whereas decompressive colostomy should only be used in patients who are admitted to hospital in generally precarious conditions.


text:
Profession mask maker
Mask makers construct, adapt and maintain masks for live performances. They work from sketches, pictures and artistic visions combined with knowledge of the human body to ensure the wearer maximum range of movement. They work in close cooperation with the designers.
Mask maker Jobs: Open positions
Find the job of your dreams on Talent.com, one of the largest job sites worldwide.Job postings: talent.com
- Work safely with machines
Check and safely operate machines and equipment required for your work according to manuals and instructions.
- Use personal protection equipment
Make use of protection equipment according to training, instruction and manuals. Inspect the equipment and use it consistently.
- Understand artistic concepts
Interpret an artist's explanation or demonstration of their artistic concepts, inceptions and processes and strive to share their vision.
- Meet deadlines
Ensure operative processes are finished at a previously agreed-upon time.
- Work ergonomically
Apply ergonomy principles in the organisation of the workplace while manually handling equipment and materials.
- Adapt to artists' creative demands
Work with artists, striving to understand the creative vision and adapting to it. Make full use of your talents and skills to reach the best possible result.
- Maintain theatre equipment
Check up on, maintain and repair tools and machinery used for onstage purposes, such as lighting equipment, stage sets or scene-change machinery.
- Prepare personal work environment
Correct settings or positions for your working instruments and adjust them before starting operations.
- Work safely with chemicals
Take the necessary precautions for storing, using and disposing chemical products.
- Keep up with trends
Monitor and follow new trends and developments in specific sectors.
- Work with respect for own safety
Apply the safety rules according to training and instruction and based on a solid understanding of the prevention measures and risks to your own personal health and safety.
- Maintain workshop space
Keep the workshop space in working order and clean.
- Manage personal professional development
Take responsibility for lifelong learning and continuous professional development. Engage in learning to support and update professional competence. Identify priority areas for professional development based on reflection about own practice and through contact with peers and stakeholders.
- Translate artistic concepts to technical designs
Cooperate with the artistic team in order to facilitate the transition from the creative vision and its artistic concepts to a technical design.
Optional knowledge and skillsdesign make-up effects plan workshop activity manage technical resources stock develop professional network promote yourself decide on wig making process manage consumables stock keep personal administration organise workshop space draw make-up sketches support a designer in the developing process
Source: Sisyphus ODB


text:
Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Education, University of Newcastle, Callaghan Campus, Callaghan, Australia
ActiGraph's Response to Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) - July 30th Update
Rationale and study protocol of the EASY Minds (Encouraging Activity to Stimulate Young Minds) program: cluster randomized controlled trial of a primary school-based physical activity integration program for mathematics
- Published on Aug. 8, 2014
Background: Novel strategies are required to increase school-based physical activity levels of children. Integrating physical activity in mathematics lessons may lead to improvements in students' physical activity levels as well as enjoyment, engagement and learning. The primary aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of a curriculum-based physical activity integration program known as EASY Minds (Encouraging Activity to Stimulate Young Minds) on children's daily school time physical activity levels. Secondary aims include exploring the impact of EASY Minds on their engagement and 'on task' behaviour in mathematics.
Methods/Design: Grade 5/6 classes from eight public schools in New South Wales, Australia will be randomly allocated to intervention (n = 4) or control (n = 4) groups. Teachers from the intervention group will receive one day of professional development, a resource pack and asked to adapt their lessons to embed movement-based learning in their daily mathematics program in at least three lessons per week over a six week period. Intervention support will be provided via a weekly email and three lesson observations. The primary outcomes will be children's physical activity levels (accelerometry) across both the school day and during mathematics lessons (moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and sedentary time). Children's 'on-task' behaviour, enjoyment of mathematics and mathematics attainment will be assessed as secondary outcomes. A detailed process evaluation will be undertaken.
Discussion: EASY Minds is an innovative intervention that has the potential to improve key physical and academic outcomes for primary school aged children and help guide policy and practice regarding the teaching of mathematics.
Trial registration: Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Register ACTRN12613000637741 13/05/2013.


US United States
The Brisbane Declaration: a blueprint for the musical world
Earlier this year the number of views of South Korean mega-star Psy's Gangnam Style YouTube video exceeded two billion. That's more than a quarter of the people on the planet who have watched the video. It also adds up to a collective 16,000 years spent watching (assuming everyone sat out the four-and-a-bit minutes, which is a big assumption).
At the same time, many musical practices face enormous challenges in getting any attention at all - particularly those of Indigenous and minority peoples. As I wrote on The Conversation in May, an estimated 98% of Australian Indigenous music and dance traditions have already been lost. Without urgent action, the remainder are also in jeopardy.
It's difficult then to generalise about the state of music in the 21st century. But a new declaration, drafted in Brisbane last year, attempts to do just that. It aims to articulate a "sharpened vision for the musical world" as we approach the year 2020.
What might this mean for the future of music – in Australia and beyond?
DanceSite, Alice Springs. Rusty Stewart
An action agenda
In November last year, Brisbane hosted the 5th World Forum on Music (WFM5) of the International Music Council (IMC). During the event, the IMC solicited the views of the 600-odd delegates on the key priorities and action areas for the musical world towards 2020.
These ideas were then drafted into a formal statement, approved in principal by the 35th IMC General Assembly. This statement has become known as the Brisbane Declaration.
As an "action agenda", the Brisbane Declaration aims to ensure a "sustainable, thriving and diverse musical life on our planet". It makes some acute observations on contemporary musical practices. It also draws attention to some of the challenges and concerns surrounding music and music-making in the 21st century - such as the vulnerability of many local music traditions in an increasingly globalised world.
Five Musical Rights
Underlying the Brisbane Declaration are the Five Musical Rights, proclaimed by the IMC in 2001. These are:
1) the right for all children and adults to express themselves musically in all freedom
2) the right to learn musical languages and skills
3) the right to have access to musical involvement through participation, listening, creation, and information
5) the right to obtain just recognition and remuneration for their work.
African Children's Choir Louis
The Brisbane Declaration reflects on the progress made since 2001 regarding these rights. It connects the rights to key issues in contemporary musical life around the globe, including the roles of communities, educational institutions, governments, the music industry, and the mass media.
Will the Brisbane Declaration help?
It's difficult for a statement such as the Brisbane Declaration to accurately reflect the situation for all musics and musicians across the world, from traditional folk artists to concert pianists to global pop stars.
Nevertheless, the Brisbane Declaration captures what music opinion-leaders believe are the most urgent concerns facing musicians today, from the grassroots to international levels. Freedom of expression, approaches to education, the rise of digital technologies, and intellectual property and copyright are all on the table.
In a panel discussion at WFM5, Jeremy Cox, CEO of the Association of European Conservatoires (AEC), and Frans de Ruiter, then-President of the IMC, reflected with delegates on the draft agenda. They shared their hope that the Declaration may inspire and encourage artists, educators, researchers, policy-makers, industry bodies and opinion-leaders to work together to ensure a sustainable and diverse global musical future.
With active dissemination and use, the Brisbane Declaration promises to help shape vibrant and viable music practices across the world. In July, AEC announced its intention to draw on the Declaration in developing a European Agenda for Music.
What does it mean for Australia?
As efforts are made to maintain and revitalise remaining Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander performance traditions, the Declaration reminds us that culture is a pillar of sustainable development.
It prompts us to affirm the right to musical and cultural expression for all Australians, including Indigenous children in our schools. It calls on us to reflect critically on musical and cultural access and equality, which hold a mirror to wider societal issues and values.
If we take notice, the Brisbane Declaration promises to act as a useful compass, directing our vision towards a future in which, in a spirit of respect and equality, Australians and people around the world may build enriching, stimulating, and diverse musical lives.
Catherine Grant's book Music Endangerment: How Language Maintenance Can Help was recently released by Oxford University Press.