Matrix routing effect due to category scope
This forum deals with any kind of routing computation whether it is simple A:B-routing, calculation of isochrones, simple matrix computation or nearest search.
Matrix routing effect due to category scope
Postby Bernd Welter » Mon Mar 12, 2018 12:01 pm
HI there,
today I was asked for the reason why a relation (A=>B1)'s routing result differs within a matrix routing if another waypoint B2 is added to the calculateMatrixInfo request.
In other words:
The client computed the two transactions based on
A : (B1)
A : (B1,B2)
and compared the partial results of the (A:B1) which differed.
I created some images that explain what causes this behaviour which occurs whenever a routing is based on levelling (uses the category scope):
CategoryScope-no Intermediate station.png
IMagine the calculation with just the two waypoints A and B1. In the proximity of both waypoints the temporary data structures used to calculate the track contain a detailed streetnetwork but outside the circles the temporary network is based on NC0, NC1, NC2 only. SO outside the cirles the vehicle moves on higher street categories. The yellow polygon shows the geometry of the result track
CategoryScope-Intermediate station.png
By adding the B2 and it's proximity area the temporary structures are different from those used in the previous scenario and therefor the algorithm finds additional opportunities to get from A to B1. The solution is the greeen line.
CategoryScope-both.png
THis image just shows both solutions at one glance. As you can see the green track is a bit shorter.
To avoid such a behaviour you could ether set the category scope of all NC's to -1, but keep in mind:
 - bad impact on performance because many more segments have to be evaluated
 - maybe tracks returned you don't want to (would you really want to leave the highway in the middle of a 600km route just to save 1-2 km of total distance?)
This effect does not occur when you apply search graph routing because this mechanism is so incredibly fast that it does no longer require leveling.
Best regards,
Bernd
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- Health Sector
- New Zealand
Counties Manukau in South Auckland is the fastest growing district in New Zealand. It is multi-ethnic, but minorities are severely under-represented in the health workforce.
- to create a seamless school to employment pipeline that supports and develops local talent
- to double the number of Maori and Pasifika people working within the organisation, across all health professions
- to create a workforce that better reflects the diversity of the communities they serve
Counties Manukau Health (CM Health) partnered with local schools, identified by expression of interest, to become Health and Science Academies (HSAs). The HSA program is designed around supporting students to gain direct entry into tertiary level sciences, through extra tuition in science, maths and English, and other activities, including hospital visits, panel sessions with health professionals and academic mentoring.
- CM Health has embarked on a number of equal opportunity initiatives to complement the HSAs.
- All Maori and Pasifika candidates are short-listed for priority workforces.
- A senior Maori or Pasifika representative is always included in interview panels for priority workforces.
- Workforce recruitment targets are set to ensure that the diversity of the workforce reflects the diversity of the local population by 2025.
- Initially three schools were selected to become HSAs.
- Initial funding to implement the HSAs was provided by a partnership with the Tindall foundation, a charitable foundation that operates across New Zealand. In 2016, CM Health agreed to fund the three colleges directly.
- A Grow Our Own Workforce Governance Group meets up to four times a year to provide strategic guidance and monitor the ongoing implementation of the academies.
- An operational leadership group was established between CM Health and the Principals of each of the colleges to improve collaboration and share best practice.
Program design strategies
- The academies support Maori and Pasifika students with an interest in, and aptitude for, careers in health. Selection is made on students evidencing commitment, alongside some academic ability.
- The HSA program is a joint endeavour between families, community and teachers and regular parent information events are held.
- To profile the wide range of possible health careers, CM Health provides events, hospital visits and talks with health professionals. The provision of hands-on experiences of health sector jobs, and opportunities to talk to Maori and Pasifika health professionals, helps to increase student motivation and sense of purpose.
- The HSA program is designed to support students to gain direct entry into tertiary level sciences. Compared to mainstream students in Year 11, who have five lessons of science in a six-day timetable, students in the HSAs have ten lessons.
- The program is recognised as a long-term strategy. Once the students transition into tertiary study, depending on their area of studies, they won't be ready for employment for a minimum of three years after that.
- Above-average school attendance rates are being maintained by Academy students.
- One of the students in the first cohort was inspired to study nursing and is now employed in CM Health. She is the first in her family to be university educated, and her story has been featured on local news networks in Auckland.
- The Pasifika workforce has increased from 9% to 11% since 2010.
- The Maori workforce has increased from 5% to 8% since 2010.
- It is essential to involve Maori and Pasifika leadership when designing and implementing Maori and Pasifika health workforce development programs.
- Ensure a clear vision and purpose.
- Ensure joint strategic and operational planning at the right level with a well-structured workforce plan.
- Occasionally family-support can turn into family-pressure when students are expected to pursue a career to which they do not have initial inclination.
- The innovations being generated by the Academies draw strongly on the advantages of being a small and focused learning community within the school.
- Students need to be able to see a workplace, and be able to actively imagine themselves doing the role.
- Without surrounding attention and encouragement from families and teachers, books and resources are not helpful on their own.
- have local schools with the capability and capacity to offer health science subject education?
- have access to transport for students?
- have culturally-appropriate and safe mentoring and tuition?
- have organisational understanding of and support for the importance of a culturally diverse workforce?
- have Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO) programs that support nondiscriminatory employment practices?
- meet the specific cohort's training needs?
- champion and facilitate the program?
- provide culturally-appropriate and safe development opportunities and methods?
- offer extra tuition and mentoring?
CONSIDERATIONS FOR PROGRAM SCALING
- have realistic job opportunities and student numbers required to meet this?
- have the required financial and personnel resources?
- have sufficient interested student numbers?
- have host organisations, teachers and trainers who are supportive of diversity and can provide culturally-appropriate and safe environments?
- have sufficient placement and development opportunities?
- you don't have an organisational culture and practices that support diversity?
- the newly-qualified workforce seeks opportunities elsewhere (out of region or even country)?
- you aren't prepared for the length of time required to develop trainees to competence and fill roles?
- there are changes to funding or policy priorities?

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


2.5.12. Negation
If constraint C 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑦 holds then constraint C 𝑎𝑙𝑠𝑜 does not hold. Reciprocally, if constraint C 𝑎𝑙𝑠𝑜 holds then constraint C 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑦 does not hold. Note that constraints C 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑦 and C 𝑎𝑙𝑠𝑜 must also have exactly the same parameters, but not necessarily the same parameters restrictions.
EXAMPLE: As an example, the constraint C 𝑎𝑙𝑠𝑜 = 𝚗𝚘𝚝_𝚊𝚕𝚕_𝚎𝚚𝚞𝚊𝚕 (i.e., prevent all variables to be assigned the same value) is the negation of constraint C 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑦 = 𝚊𝚕𝚕_𝚎𝚚𝚞𝚊𝚕 (i.e., enforce all variables to be assigned the same value).


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Using the Accessibility Class
Visual Studio 6.0
As with any other class module, you'll need to create a new instance of the Accessibility class before you can use its properties. To do so, you create a variable that will refer to the new instance and work with that variable directly, like this:
Dim oAccess As Accessibility
' and then, later in your code:
Set oAccess = New Accessibility
' or just use:
' Dim oAccess As New Accessibility
' if you don't care when the object gets created.
Once you've created the object, use it as you would any other object, setting and retrieving its properties. For example, the following fragment enables the StickyKeys functionality, enables the hot key, and turns on the sound effect when users use the feature:
Dim oAccess As New Accessibility
With oAccess
 'No point working with this feature if it's not
 'available on this computer.
 If.skAvailable Then
 .skActive = True
 .skHotKeyActive = True
 .skAudibleFeedback = True
 End If
End With
Some of the Accessibility class properties are interrelated, so read the descriptions carefully. For example, you cannot set both the fkBounceMSec and fkDelayMSec properties to nonzero values. If you try to set them both, Windows disregards your changes.
If you receive error 91, "Object variable or With block variable not set," it's almost guaranteed that you've declared an object variable but haven't instantiated it yet. You must use the New keyword to create an object; otherwise, you're just creating a variable that can refer to the object. Make sure you either use New when you declare the object or use the Set keyword to point the variable you created to a new instance of the object. (See Chapter 5 for more information on creating and using object variables.)
© 1997 by SYBEX Inc. All rights reserved.
© 2014 Microsoft


text:
Machining cobalt-based dental alloys with tungsten carbide mills
Takahashi, M; Pasang, T; Conor, P; Ono, H; Tanaka, K
MetadataShow full metadata
Milling characteristics of dental alloys have been investigated and compared. The four differently configured tools used were made of cemented tungsten carbide. Most were uncoated but one was coated with a diamond-like carbon layer. The dental alloys studied were cobalt-chrome (Co-Cr) and cobalt-chrome-titanium (Co-Cr-Ti) alloys, fairly strong alloys. There is a requirement for a reliable test to evaluate the properties of dental tools by measuring the cutting forces during milling. A full characterization of dental mills is a difficult task, because the geometry of the mills is complex, with conical multi-cutting surfaces. In this study a more comprehensive understanding of the effects of cutting rate on cutting forces was achieved by varying the tool cutting speed and measuring the force on the workpiece as it was driven into the rotating tool at a fixed feed velocity. It was observed that the cutting forces were changed by varying cutting speeds. Side milling required lower forces than central slot milling. After milling the surfaces of the dental tools and dental alloy specimen were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy.


text:
Difference between revisions of "Claim"
|Line 56:||Line 56:|
Revision as of 08:38, 16 June 2021
Full Title or Meme
- The English word Claim means to call our for, or to publish, pretty much the same meaning as the Latin word clamare.
- Merriam Webster definitions
: a right to something specifically : a title to a debt, privilege, or other thing in the possession of another The bank has a claim on their house. b: an assertion open to challenge a claim of authenticity advertisers' extravagant claims
- The JWT spec defines it as "A piece of information asserted about a subject. A claim is represented as a name/value pair consisting of a Claim Name and a Claim Value."
- NIST - Claim = A true-false statement about the limitations on the values of an unambiguously defined property called the claim's property; and limitations on the uncertainty of the property's values falling within these limitations during the claim's duration of applicability under stated conditions.
- NIST [ _URL_ - Claimant] = A party whose identity is to be verified using an authentication protocol. A subject whose identity is to be verified using one or more authentication protocols. The person who is asserting his or her identity
- NIST - Credential (2. 2) Evidence attesting to one's right to credit or authority. (1. 1). Evidence or testimonials that support a claim of identity or assertion of an attribute and usually are intended to be used more than once.
- IETF RFC 7519 JSON Web Token (JWT) Claim = A piece of information asserted about a subject. A claim is represented as a name/value pair consisting of a Claim Name and a Claim Value.
- OIDC Core first says that the definition is taken from RFC 7519 and then says a few different things, none of which agrees with the other.
- Claim = (section 1.2) Piece of information asserted about an Entity.
- (section 1.3) The UserInfo Endpoint returns Claims about the End-User
- (section 2) The ID Token is a security token that contains Claims about the Authentication of an End-User by an Authorization Server (for example the auth_time and nonce claims)
- (Section 5) Claims about the End-User and the Authentication event.
- OIDC Credential = Data presented as evidence of the right to use an identity or other resources. (This applies only to clients' creds sent the OP and access tokens in the doc.)
- IdM Glossary of Terms: (_URL_
- Claim (Assertion) is a statement of the value of one or more identity attributes; e.g. if Ben is currently a CIT freshman, the Identity Management system could create a credential containing the claim: "Ben's affiliation is student".
- Credential is an object that is verified when presented during an authentication transaction. Credentials consist of one or two elements:
- Identity Attributes (required): most often just a single identifier (e.g. username) associated with the entity being authenticated. However, in many circumstances, other identity attributes may be required (e.g. assertion of a right to use license for a particular resource)
- Verifier (optional as part of the credential
- _URL_ A claim made by an actor stating its identity. Without validation, no assumptions can be made regarding the actor's identity. An Identity Claim is usually made by a User towards a Service Provider.
- _URL_ claim = An assertion made about a subject.
- The first patent that described the process of using a claim (authentication ticket) in an Authorization process (OAuth) appears to be: United States Patent 7,257,835 Thomas C. Jones August 14, 2007 Filed: May 28, 2003 Securely authorizing the performance of actions
Securely authorizing the performance of actions may be enabled by linking each secure/privileged action to a requisite policy for authorizing that secure/privileged action. In a described media implementation, one or more electronically-accessible media include electronically-executable instructions that, when executed, direct an electronic device to execute operations including: receiving an action performance request that is directed to a requested action; locating an authorization policy that is associated with the requested action from among multiple authorization policies, the authorization policy indicating how performance of the requested action can be authorized; and extracting at least one rule and one or more authentication ticket requirements from the authorization policy. Example operations may further include: determining whether one or more authentication tickets have been validated in accordance with the at least one rule and/or the one or more authentication ticket requirements; and if so, authorizing performance of the requested action.
Claims typically go through a series of steps, for example:
- A User will go to a Web Site hosting a Resource that the user wants to access.
- The Web Site will send a scope to a User asking for Claims to authorize access.
- The User Agent should know, a priori, where to send the Claims for verification.
- The Verified Claims will be collected and forwarded to the Web Site.
- The Web Site will evaluate the Verified Claims and determine whether to authorize access to the resource.
- Optionally the Web Site will request additional claims to meet the needs to authorize access.
- In computer networking a variety of statements can be made by a user to acquire authorized access to a resource.
- The distinction as to Authentication, who a user is, versus Authorization, or what that user is permitted to do, is no longer helpful.
- NIST has recognized that there are multiple metrics for the quality of statements about a user in their third update to SP 800-63
- Claims can be highly detailed, do to data fields, or a collection of fields, like the User address, this can be overwhelming if presented for User Consent. Some protocols, like OpenID Connect provide for aggregated collections of claims that OpenID calls Scope.
- Walther W. Skeat, An Etyological Dication of the English Language. Oxford (1882)
- Nat Sakimura Scopes and Claims in OpenID Connect _URL_


text:
After touring open houses in Fraser Valley's Agricultural Land Reserve (ALR), seeing the pent-up demand for detached housing in rural neighbourhoods first-hand didn't come as any surprise. Considering new listings for the month of August 2021 fell to their lowest count in over 20 years. It felt more like an auction, with waves of interested parties pulling up on the sprawling paved driveway through the grand entrance gates.
How can you not desire to live on 5 to 10 acres of your own farmland, to do with it what you will? A true Viking dream. The ALR is a "provincial land-use zone where agriculture is the priority use." It comprises 5% of BC's total land base and is the area with the greatest agricultural capacity.
When buying property in the ALR, along with a home inspection, it's recommended to get a well test, septic test, and soil/tissue sample. A plant tissue analysis is used to detect low nutrient levels in plants before they are seen by the human eye. The test results are an indicator of plant nutritional health and a basis for diagnosing whether existing problems are nutritional in nature.
There are a number of different uses for land in the ALR, which shows why such a high value is placed on properties within this zone. The possibilities for experimenting with new types of business are plenty. If the land is in the ALR, land uses are restricted and agriculture is the priority use, as stated in the Agriculture Land Commission Act and the Agriculture Land Reserve Regulations.
Here are some of the activities and use cases:
Farming and Ranching Activities
|Raising livestock (cattle, bison, sheep, goats, hogs, horses)||Berries|
|Livestock grazing||Tree Fruits|
|Poultry production (chicken, turkeys, waterfowl)||Vegetables (field, greenhouse)|
|Apiculture||Grains and oilseeds|
|Grapes||Ornamentals (floriculture, horticultural, nursery crops)|
Permitted Farm Uses
|Wineries & Cideries||Farm retail sales|
|Storage, packing & processing of farm products||Temporary or seasonal agri-tourism activities|
|Timber production, harvesting and silviculture||Agroforestry|
|Equestrian facilities||Production of compost with conditions|
|Application of soil amendments||Land development works for farm purposes|
Permitted Non-Farm Uses
|Home-based business||Aggregate extraction of less than 500 m3|
|Temporary sawmill subject to conditions||Conservation & passive recreation & open land parks|
|Pet kennels and breeding facilities||Education & research (not schools)|
|Production, storage and application of Class A compost||Force mains, trunk sewers, gas and water pipelines within an existing right of way|
|Production & development of biological products used in integrated pest management|

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


The Common Good
The Power to Dominate and the Power to Love
As Christians, our continual task is to explore and mediate on Jesus' teachings, as well as to emulate his deeds. Central to this two-fold task is comprehending the type of power Jesus wielded, namely the power to love. It often sounds repetitive to state that the poor carpenter loved those who were outcast by the dominant first-century Palestine social powers. But it is certainly worth repeating, for so radical was his power to love that it led to his dehumanizing demise.
Liberation theologian Leonardo Boff states that two powers were operative in the first-century oppressive Palestinian context: 1) exousia (Greek), which is the power to unite through patience and understanding of others; and 2) potestas (Latin), meaning the power to dominate through sheer force
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text:
Love it or hate it, Microsoft Excel is an indispensable tool for most design engineers. It provides a very quick and easy way of recording, visualizing and performing calculations on data. Often, the calculations performed in excel provide results that are used to determine the dimensional and geometric data that is then created in the CAD application. Some more advanced users will use the spreadsheet to actually drive parameters in their 3D model. While this can be a very useful workflow, there is still an element of manual re-calculation and updates that can be time-consuming.
What if we could have our CAD model, feeding live data to Excel, which is simultaneously performing calculations on said data, and feeding the results back to the CAD application? This would allow the user to remain in the 3D modelling environment whilst still leveraging the calculation powers of Excel. The answer is (as is often the case when you ask me) iLogic in Autodesk Inventor!
Hypothetical Design Scenario
You are required to specify an electric motor / gearbox combination that will be used to tip a mixer bowl that is used for mixing huge batches of pancake batter. The motor/gearbox output shaft will be connected to the shaft that forms the pivot for the bowl. You intuitively have an idea of where you might position the pivot point, but knowing that the center-of-mass of the liquid will change as it pours out, you need to be fairly accurate to optimise the motor/gearbox size for the job.
Now there are a few factors at play here. As the bowl tips, the volume of the liquid will start to decrease, but not linearly, partly due to the fact that the bowl is round. In other words, this is a 3D problem. While the center-of-mass will remain on the center plane of the bowl, it will move in both of the other two planes during the tipping cycle. We could calculate the volume at a series of time steps, use that data to calculate the mass and center-of-mass position, and then use that to determine the moment at the pivot, but it seems like a lot of work when Inventor already understands volume and mass as properties of a solid.
Attacking the Problem
To start off, I created a surface model of the bowl that I could tip using an angle parameter whose value could be driven using a slider in an iLogic form. It's range of motion is 0 to 90 degrees. I constructed the geometry using the origin of the part as the pivot point of the bowl. I then created some parameters to move the bowl geometry around the pivot point which allows me to control the offset. By defining a workplane at the level of the "spout" that remains horizontal, I could represent the surface level of the liquid. Using the "Sculpt" tool in Inventor, I then created a solid body to represent the volume of the fluid. As the bowl is tipped, the fluid volume reduces accordingly.
Now that I have a mechanical representation of the problem, I harnessed the power of iLogic to share the numerical information with Excel as follows. First I created an iLogic form to expose the parameters for the tip angle and pivot offsets and created sliders to adjust the values. Next I created parameters to store the volume and mass of the liquid, and also the horizontal offset distance between the pivot point and the current center-of-mass of the liquid. The last Inventor step was to create the following rule in iLogic:
'Get the current offset between center of mass and pivot point in horizontal plane
'and assign that value to the relevant parameter.
CoGX = iProperties.CenterOfGravity.x
'Pass the offset value to excel (divide by 1000 to give meters)
GoExcel.CellValue("3rd Party:Embedding 1", "Sheet1", "C2") = CoGX / 1000
'Get the current volume of the metal and assign it to the AluVol parameter.
AluVol = _URL_ '(in cm^3)
'Create variable to hold the density of the current material
materialDensity = ThisDoc.Document.ComponentDefinition.Material.Density '(g/cm^3)
'Calculate the mass of the metal in kg
AluMass = (AluVol * materialDensity)/1000 ' (in kg)
'Pass the mass to Excel
GoExcel.CellValue("3rd Party:Embedding 1", "Sheet1", "A2") = AluMass
'The following lines have been commented out. They were included as a crude form
'of data-logging so that the movement of the center-of-mass could be graphed in Excel.
'GoExcel.CellValue("3rd Party:Embedding 1", "Sheet1", "E" & Index) = TipAngle
'GoExcel.CellValue("3rd Party:Embedding 1", "Sheet1", "F" & Index) = AluMass
'Index = Index + 1
'Update the document immediately to see changes as a smooth animation.
Once the data was in Excel and the spreadsheet had been embedded in the part file, I created a few formulas to calculate the current moment (torque) due to the mass of the liquid at the pivot point (ignoring the mass of the bowl itself). I also put a list of motors down the side which were specified based on maximum torque that they could provide. Using conditional formatting, I could then change the colour of the cells that represent each motor size based on the ratio between current torque required and maximum torque available from the motor. This gave me a nice visual representation of the suitability of each motor size. Red meaning the motor is overloaded (over 100% of maximum torque) and green being underutilised (not an efficient choice). By adjusting the sliders in the inventor form and running the model through the tip cycle, you can get an idea of which motor provides the best choice. The Excel spreadsheet can remain open while you adjust the model parameters and iLogic ensures that the calculations remain live.
In summary, this workflow is not about using some magical powers of Inventor to provide calculation that was otherwise impossible. It's actually about thinking about the calculation/modelling flow differently. As I said earlier, most engineers/designers already use Excel all the time, so why not integrate it in a way that is seamless between the engineering and design phases. Anyway, enough text, watch the following video to see it in action.
Edit: Here's the file for those of you who'd like to have a play with it.


text:
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This paper presents, for the first time, the integration of conformal paper-based RFID's with a single walled carbon nanotube (SW-CNT) composite for the development of a chipless RFID-enabled wireless sensor node for toxic gas detection and breathing-gas-content estimation. The electrical performance of the inkjet-printed SWCNT-based ultrasensitive sensor is reported up to 1GHz. The whole module is realized by inkjet-printing on a low-cost "green" paper-based substrate designed to operate in the European UHF RFID band. The electrical conductivity of the SWCNT film changes in the presence of ultra-small quantities of gases like ammonia and nitrogen dioxide, resulting in the variation of the backscattered power level which can be easily detected by the RFID reader to realize reliable early-warning toxic gas detection or breathing monitoring with potentially profound effects on ubiquitous lowcost "green" quality-of-life applications.


text:
Any number that is part of a record's bibliographic information that you can use to retrieve the records you need. The system finds the number in an indexed field.
Index label format
xx= (where x represents an alphanumeric character)
- NLM Class Number — lm=hq 1381 c524w 1976
- Music/Publisher Number — mn=co1979ab51
- Most efficient way to search for these types of numbers:
- A number search can retrieve a single record (e.g., by its unique ISBN) or precisely related records (e.g., by class number). Numbers are usually unique to a single record or group of related records.
- Type all numbers and letters.
- Omit spaces.
- Omit punctuation, except keep periods (.) in classification numbers.
- When entering ISBNs ending in x — If you use the number keypad, truncate the number using the asterisk key (*).


Multi-machines setup
The instructions on this page explain to you how you can let modules, that are running on multiple machines, send data to each other.
Warning
Instructions below untested
FACSvatar uses a pub-sub pattern to exchange messages between modules. To exchange messages, one module's socket has to bind to an ip address and a port. Any number of other modules' sockets will be able to connect to this port to start exchanging messages with the module's socket that has bind to that port. Only 1 IP+port can be bound to at the same time. There is no order for connecting (a socket that wants to connect can be called before the target socket has bound to a port binding).
Both a publisher (1-n) and a subscriber (m-1) socket can bind/connect to an address.
If you want to message between modules that are running on different machines, the module that connects need to know the IP of the host PC where a module binds.
Modules
TODO Overview of which modules connect, and which modules bind to what port by default.
Python
 1. Setup Python on all machines involved, see First run (non-Docker).
 2. Navigate with a terminal inside a terminal folder, e.g. cd FACSvatar/modules/input_facsfromcsv
 3. Add the IP of the machine that the module you want to connect to is running on (bind is always the host machine), e.g.: python main.py --pub_ip 192.168.xxx.xxx.
To see all available arguments of a module, execute: python main.py -h
Individual Docker containers
Do not use the docker-compose(_x).yml files, and instead modify the Docker files inside module folders. Add the target IP as extra argument.
Docker compose
TODO: Should be possible to set external IPs here?
Visualization
Unity3D
 1. Open the folder unity_FACSvatar with Unity3D (2018.2.20f1) as a project with Unity3D
 2. Change the Sub_to_ip IP from 127.0.0.1 to the IP of the target machine running the module you want to connect to. (See from 8:20 (8:50) of the Quickstart video)
Blender3D
Change IP in the FACSvatar-Blender add-on menu inside Blender.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
I have
class Cab(models.Model):
 name = models.CharField( max_length=20 )
 descr = models.CharField( max_length=2000 )
class Cab_Admin(admin.ModelAdmin):
 ordering = ('name',)
 list_display = ('name','descr', )
 # what to write here to make descr using TextArea?
admin.site.register( Cab, Cab_Admin )
how to assign TextArea widget to 'descr' field in admin interface?
In Admin interface only!
Good idea to use ModelForm.
share|improve this question
add comment
6 Answers
up vote 45 down vote accepted
You will have to create a forms.ModelForm that will describe how you want the descr field to be displayed, and then tell admin.ModelAdmin to use that form. For example:
from django import forms
class CabModelForm( forms.ModelForm ):
 descr = forms.CharField( widget=forms.Textarea )
 class Meta:
 model = Cab
class Cab_Admin( admin.ModelAdmin ):
 form = CabModelForm
The form attribute of admin.ModelAdmin is documented in the official Django documentation. Here is one place to look at.
share|improve this answer
For simply replacing a form widget, you don't have to create your own entire form. You can just override formfield_for_dbfield on your ModelAdmin, see my answer below. – Carl Meyer Dec 2 '13 at 20:25
add comment
For this case, the best option is probably just to use a TextField instead of CharField in your model. You can also override the formfield_for_dbfield method of your ModelAdmin class:
class CabAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
 def formfield_for_dbfield(self, db_field, **kwargs):
 formfield = super(CabAdmin, self).formfield_for_dbfield(db_field, **kwargs)
 if db_field.name == 'descr':
 formfield.widget = forms.Textarea(attrs=formfield.widget.attrs)
 return formfield
share|improve this answer
is there any downside in this compared to the selected answer? this looks cleaner to implement as we don't need to create a new ModelForm... – Filipe Pina Feb 23 '12 at 10:30
replaced formfield.widget = forms.Textarea() with formfield.widget = forms.Textarea(attrs=formfield.widget.attrs) to keep all attributes automatically generated for the TextField, Thanks! – Filipe Pina Feb 23 '12 at 10:53
I don't know why the other answer is accepted over this one; I think if all you're doing is replacing a widget this is simpler. But either will work fine. – Carl Meyer Feb 23 '12 at 15:20
add comment
Ayaz has pretty much spot on, except for a slight change(?!):
class MessageAdminForm(forms.ModelForm):
 class Meta:
 model = Message
 widgets = {
 'text': forms.Textarea(attrs={'cols': 80, 'rows': 20}),
class MessageAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
 form = MessageAdminForm
admin.site.register(Message, MessageAdmin)
So, you don't need to redefine a field in the ModelForm to change it's widget, just set the widgets dict in Meta.
share|improve this answer
This does retain more "automatic" properties than Ayaz's answer, but any tip on how to keep the field length validation as well? – Filipe Pina Feb 23 '12 at 10:44
add comment
You can subclass your own field with needed formfield method:
class CharFieldWithTextarea(models.CharField):
 def formfield(self, **kwargs):
 "widget": forms.Textarea
 return super(CharFieldWithTextarea, self).formfield(**kwargs)
This will take affect on all generated forms.
share|improve this answer
add comment
Instead of a models.CharField, use a models.TextField for descr.
share|improve this answer
Unfortunately, max_length= is totally ignored by Django on a TextField, so when you need field length validation (such as letting secretaries enter event summaries) the only way to get it is to use a CharField. But a CharField is way to short to type 300 chars into. Hence the ayaz solution. – shacker Apr 21 '09 at 23:45
Absolutely! Thanks. – Dan Jan 26 '12 at 0:58
This isn't a good answer because it changes the database. The point of changing the widget is to change how the field is displayed, not to change the database schema – omouse Feb 14 '13 at 21:11
add comment
If you are trying to change the Textarea on admin.py, this is the solution that worked for me:
from django import forms
from django.contrib import admin
from django.db import models
from django.forms import TextInput, Textarea
from books.models import Book
class BookForm(forms.ModelForm):
 class Meta:
 model = Book
class BookAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
 form = BookForm
admin.site.register(Book, BookAdmin)
If you are using a MySQL DB, your column length will usually be autoset to 250 characters, so you will want to run an ALTER TABLE to change the length in you MySQL DB, so that you can take advantage of the new larger Textarea that you have in you Admin Django site.
share|improve this answer
add comment
Your Answer


Supporting Articles
From Wiki
Jump to: navigation, search
Supporting articles are articles that support the Theme. Broadly this term can be used to reference any article that supports a superior page within a website silo structure hierarchy.
Specifically within Domain Web Studio the term "supporting articles" are pages under the "category" level. These pages create the 4th tier in the DWS silo structure.
In the image below you will see the dark pink articles are designed to support the silo landing page articles. Supporting articles are generally recommended to have fewer competing pages than the pages they support. Typically you want to think of these pages as segments of the market represented by the silo landing page. For example a silo landing page about bicycle parts would tend to have supporting articles that are about specific bicycle parts; i.e. bicycle tires, bicycle handles, etc.
Alternatively, the supporting articles can be semantically related items such as a 'diet' silo might have a supporting page about 'nutrition'.
The design of a silo structure is such that the silo landing page will generally have significantly more page rank than the supporting articles, which is why it is recommended that the supporting article pages have fewer competing pages; so that they are generally less competitive by nature.
Personal tools


text:
Course Design for Well-Being: A Students' Bill of Rights
Judith Pintar (School of Information Science)
The Art of Teaching Lunchtime Seminar Series is back with a new slate of inspiring faculty from across the disciplines sharing their ideas and experiences on teaching and learning. On Thursday September 1, Judith Pintar will present Course Design for Well-Being: A Students' Bill of Rights. Professor Pintar worked with undergraduate students to identify course design elements that they experience as inclusive (or excluding), fair (or unfair), effective (or frustrating), as well as those which produce feelings of confidence (or anxiety), agency (or powerlessness), engagement (or boredom), and resilience (or failure). The resulting Students' Bill of Rights is a meta-rubric intended to increase awareness of the connection between course design and student well-being, and to begin to outline a UX framework for designing fair and inclusive courses. Register here for this online presentation from 12-1pm on Zoom.


text:
Water mains clearing is taking place at the Echuca Water Treatment Plant as part of pump station valve replacement works.
The mains will be cleaned by flushing – pumping a high volume of water at high pressure through the pipes to remove the sediment.
The cleaning is part of a wider project by Coliban Water, in which large valves have been replaced within the water mains at the treatment plant to improve its reliability.
The sections of mains that are being flushed will be isolated from the rest of the treatment plant during the works.
The sediment from the flushing is removed, before mains are reconnected to the system.
However, Coliban Water Manager Infrastructure, Corey Bourne, said there was a small potential for some of the sediment to reach the water supply network as a result of the flushing and cause some minor discolouration.
"The potential is low; however, the water is safe to drink and does not pose a risk to health, remaining compliant with the health-based guideline values in the Australian Drinking Water Guidelines," Mr Bourne said.
"If you do notice discolouration, try running your taps for up to several minutes. If the problem persists, please contact us to report," he told locals.
These works form part of a $15 million investment into water and wastewater services in Echuca, which aim to create greater network efficiency, better water pressure and cater for the growing region.
Coliban Water planned to complete the flushing work on 24 June 2020 and put the system back online from 25 June 2020.


text:
Overview of Map Builder¶
Map Builder is a tool to create maps. Map Builder's maps are more advanced than those simply created within the Map tab of a published dataset because you can overlay as many datasets as you want in the same map, creating different data layers. This specificity thus makes these maps great for enriching your data by crossing them together. You can also group your layers and edit their descriptions and titles in order to obtain and share a map finely designed to meet specific needs and purposes.
Map Builder has 2 modes:
- Edition, to create and configure your map to define what it will look like to the final map viewers
- Preview, to see what your map looks like to the final map viewers
Map Builder, in Edition mode, is also split into 3 parts:
- the layer editing area
- the Map Builder menu
- the interactive, multi-layered map
Overview of the layer editing area of Map Builder¶
The layer editing area is located on the right-hand side of your page, right next to the map. Through this part of Map Builder, you can create a multiple layers map.
If you haven't started creating your map, you will only see a link, Add a dataset to this map, to add your first dataset and thus start the creation of your first map. Afterward, this section will display:
- all your added datasets
- Edit, a link to access the visualization configuration options of the related dataset
- Add a dataset to this map, a link to add a new dataset to your map


text:
Donate now to keep our Light Horse name alive.
Your donation is very much appreciated.
1901 began the first century of Australian Federation. One enduring legend developed from the beginning of this new nation to take its place as an icon of Australian history, that is, the Australian Light Horse. Formed in 1903 from a long series of state traditions reaching back many decades, the Light Horse is closely identified with the values to which most Australians aspire and so strikes an formidable chord within the national narrative. With this movement came the various Australian themes of mateship, lending a hand, and specific symbols such as the Charge at Beersheba and the use of emu plumes in the felt hat. As time progressed, the Light Horsemen seem to have taken on a mythical quality that transcends the reality of their story. The Australian Light Horse Studies Centre was established to peel away these legends and present an accurate description about this era. Through careful scholarship this site aims to provide people who have an interest in this particular phase of Australian history an ability to meet with the historical Light Horsemen and so gain a clear version of the life lead by these men, their families and the society in which they lived during the formative period from 1899 to 1920. It is through accurate commentary that these folk gain their honour and well deserved place within the Australian Story.
WARNING: This site contains names, information and images of deceased people which may cause distress to relatives or cultures who may be sensitive to the display of such material. In addition, there may be words and descriptions which might not normally be used in certain public or community contexts. While reflecting the attitudes of the period when written they may be considered inappropriate today.
While not given the recognised status enjoyed by all other
non-indigenous people in
Other AIF Units
10th Light Horse Regiment
11th Light Horse Regiment, 20th Reinforcement
The Australian Light Horse Studies Centre is a not for profit and non profit group whose sole aim is to write the early history of the Australian Light Horse from 1900 - 1920. It is privately funded and the information is provided by the individuals within the group and while permission for the use of the material has been given for this site for these items by various donors, the residual and actual copyright for these items, should there be any, resides exclusively with the donors. The information on this site is freely available for private research use only and if used as such, should be appropriately acknowledged. To assist in this process, each item has a citation attached at the bottom for referencing purposes. Please Note: No express or implied permission is given for commercial use of the information contained within this site.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
Can the Fourier transform of a whole function $f:\mathbb R\mapsto\mathbb C$ be defined as integration over $\mathbb C$ instead of $\mathbb R$ as well, such that $$\tilde f(k) = \frac{\mathcal N}{2\pi} \int_{\mathbb C}f(x) e^{-ikx}\,dx,$$
and (if so) what is the correct value of the normalization $\mathcal N$ for consistency with the $\mathbb R$-integration?
Given a whole function $f:\mathbb R\mapsto\mathbb C$, its Fourier transform
$$ \tilde f(k) = \frac1{2\pi}\int_{-\infty}^\infty f(x)e^{-ikx}\,dx$$
can be determined by other integration paths as well by using Cauchy's Residue Theorem, for example by shifting $x$ by an imaginary constant $ic$. Assuming a sufficiently fast decaying function for $\Re(x)\to\pm\infty$ (and using the fact that a whole function has no residues), this results in simply adding that constant to the integration boundaries, i.e.
$$ \tilde f(k) = \frac1{2\pi}\int_{-\infty+ic}^{\infty+ic} f(x)e^{-ikx}\,dx,$$
which can be expressed by substitution as well:
$$ \tilde f(k) = \frac1{2\pi}\int_{-\infty}^{\infty} f(x-ic)e^{-ik(x-ic)}\,dx.$$
One can then average over different values of $c$ to obtain
$$ \tilde f(k) = \frac1{2\pi\cdot 2T}\int_{-T}^{T}\int_{-\infty}^{\infty} f(x-ic)e^{-ik(x-ic)}\,dx\,dc.$$
Now my question boils down to
1) Since infinity is involved, is this equivalent to
$$ \tilde f(k) = \frac1{4\pi T}\int_{\mathbb R\times[-iT,iT]} f(x_1+x_2)e^{-ik(x_1+x_2)}\,d^2x,$$
2) Can the limit $T\to\infty$ be taken such that $\mathbb R\times[-iT,iT]\to\mathbb C$
and 3) What would the correct normalization be?
share|improve this question
While $\mathbb R$ is one-dimensional, $\mathbb C$ is two-dimensional; so the integral over $\mathbb C$ -- even if it makes sense -- cannot be a line integral. – Srivatsan Jan 3 '12 at 11:37
_USER_ sure, but if you take an integrational average over a constant function, the average is still that constant. What I mean is going from the sum (which I assume is valid) to a second integral over $i\mathbb R$ (which, as you mention, adds a seconds integration dimension). This should somehow be covered by the factor $\mathcal N$, which I guess will involve something like $2\pi$ if existing – Tobias Kienzler Jan 3 '12 at 11:40
It's an interesting idea, but the integral should diverge, since every strip adds the same contribution, so you'd need to do something like a limit of the integral up to $\pm\mathrm iT$, divided by $2T$. (Of course this "limit" would be the limit of a constant.) – joriki Jan 3 '12 at 11:51
Also, note that, even if you could make sense of this divergent integral, it wouldn't satisfy Fubini's theorem, so you can't switch from the iterated integral to the product integral, so you're really just left with an integral along $y$ of the constant integrals you get along $x$. (That's for the infinite plane; the integrals between $\pm\mathrm iT$ should probably be OK so you might gain something by switching the order of integration there.) – joriki Jan 3 '12 at 11:58
Yes, that about sums it up. The integral over $\mathbb C$ would diverge. – joriki Jan 3 '12 at 12:44
1 Answer 1
up vote 2 down vote accepted
No, the Fourier transform of an entire function $f:\mathbb R\mapsto\mathbb C$ cannot be defined as integration over $\mathbb C$.
The comments already contain many hints why such a definition would be problematic. However, even the definition by integration over $\mathbb R$ is problematic for an entire function, as can be seen by the following part of the Paley–Wiener theorem:
An entire function $F$ on $\mathbb C^n$ is the Fourier–Laplace transform of distribution $v$ of compact support if and only if for all $z \in \mathbb C^n$, $$ |F(z)| \leq C (1 + |z|)^N e^{R| \mathfrak{Im} z|} $$ for some constants $C$, $N$, $R$.
We learn from this that the Fourier transform of a tempered entire function is in general only a distribution, which implies that the Fourier integral will not be well defined for a general entire function.
If we look at ("tempered") functions holomorphic in an "appropriate" half-plane of $\mathbb C$ instead of entire functions, the (inverse) Laplace transform becomes the "appropriate" modification of the Fourier transform.
share|improve this answer
Your Answer


text:
Performance Evaluation of NCB'S VIS-A VIS PCB'S Operating In Bangladesh
Department of AIS, Islamic University, Kushtia, BD
MD. Abdus Sabur
Khulna University Business Review – A Journal of Business Administration Discipline, Khulna University
Volume 5, Number 1, January to June 2005, Pages 19-31
Published: March 2008
Published Online: July 2019
Commercial Bank is the most important functionary of the financial system play a dynamic role in the economic development of a nation as well as Bangladesh. Economic history shows that financial development always starts with a banking system. In a country's development, the banking systems' contribution is highest in the initial stage of development compared with the other financial systems. An attempt has been made in this paper to evaluate the comparative performance of these two sectors of banks operating in Bangladesh. The specific objectives of the study are to evaluate the growth trend of general business activities of selected banks and identify the comparative commercial profitability, employee efficiency and overall performance of studying banks during 1995 to 2004. On the basis of the analysis considering the above measures included in this paper, it has been observed that the profitability performance as well as trend of general business operation and employee efficiency of the selected private banks was far better than the selected public banks for the study period.


Microbial adhesion in flow displacement systems
Onderzoeksoutputpeer review
235 Citaten (Scopus)
309 Downloads (Pure)
Samenvatting
Flow displacement systems are superior to many other (static) systems for studying microbial adhesion to surfaces because mass transport and prevailing shear conditions can be adequately controlled and notoriously ill-defined slight rinsing steps to remove so-called "loosely adhering organisms" can be avoided. In this review, we present the basic background required to calculate mass transport and shear rates in flow displacement systems, focusing on the parallelplate flow chamber as an example. Critical features in the design of flow displacement systems are discussed, as well as different strategies for data analysis. Finally, selected examples of working with flow displacement systems are given for diverse biomedical applications.
Originele taal-2English
Pagina's (van-tot)127-141
Aantal pagina's15
TijdschriftClinical microbiology reviews
Volume19
Nummer van het tijdschrift1
DOI's
StatusPublished - jan.-2006
Vingerafdruk
Duik in de onderzoeksthema's van 'Microbial adhesion in flow displacement systems'. Samen vormen ze een unieke vingerafdruk.
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Question: English & Literature
Who is Godbee from Olive's Ocean and what is their importance?
In English & Literature | Asked by bookragstutor
Asked from the Olive's Ocean study pack
Godbee from Olive's Ocean is Martha's grandmother. They don't know one another that well so when she goes to visit Godbee, her grandmother suggests that each day they are together that they tell one thing about themselves to each other. Martha agrees and discovers that they have a lot in common. She also appreciates the fact that her grandmother seems to 'get' her and doesn't ridicule the notion that she wants to be a writer. Godbee is a good study of human nature and is easier with the rules than Martha's parents.
MHood2 | 218 days ago


text:
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]چکیده [English]
In this paper, a new silicon-on-insulator (SOI) device structure is proposed to reduce self-heating effects. Using Si3N4 material is main idea in the structure that has high thermal conductivity respect to silicon dioxide. The device has been verified in two-dimensional device simulation. The results show that the structure provides a new path to reduce the temperature of the channel of SOI Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor (MOSFET) and decreases the temperature in the channel.


- Cape Lookout Lighthouse from Barden Inlet
 Cape Lookout
 National Seashore North Carolina
There are park alerts in effect.
hide Alerts »
 - Hurricane Arthur Advisory #7
 Recovery continues following Hurricane Arthur. Long Point cabins 1-4 remain closed. All Great Island cabins are now open and all other areas of the park are open under normal operations. More »
Environmental Factors
The environmental factors which affect the plants, animals, and islands of Cape Lookout include everything from the natural influences of weather and animal grazing to human effects like litter and destruction of dunes.
Some of the effects of these environmental factors are easily visible (like the opening of a new inlet by a storm) while others (such as changes to the location of the islands) are very slow processes which can not be seen with the naked eye.

North Core Banks Shoreline Changes
Sixty-one years of wind and wave action have dramatically changed this section of North Core Banks--the ocean shoreline has eroded, the inlets have closed, the elevation has increased.
Stanley Riggs & Dorothea Ames, Department of Geological Sciences, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
Wind and Waves
Barrier islands, like Shackleford and the Core Banks, are naturally dynamic geologic features.
The most dramatic changes are brought about by hurricanes and other storm force winds. The winds which accompany these storms blow sands down the shoreline and blow waves across the island, carrying sands with them. These storms can open inlets, erode beaches, and build up the marshes on the soundside of the island.
However, the wind and waves do not need storms to reshape an island. The gradual migration of sand as it is blown by winds and carried by waves constantly alters the shape and location of barrier islands in such a way that the passage of a few decades, even with few or small-scale storms, can radically alter the landscape.
An example of this change can be seen in the image above. (Note: the red line marks the location of the shoreline in 2006 at high tide and the circles indicate the mile markers for mile 10 and mile 11. The lighter areas represent higher elevations while the darker areas indicate lower elevation, water, or vegetation.)

Nutria
The effects of nutria and other exotic species are monitored and reduced by the park.
Cape Lookout National Seashore
Plants and Animals
Herbivores graze on the dune stabilizing grasses. Plants and animals compete for limited resources--such as food, water, and territory.
Balancing this impact is important to the health of these islands. The park works to ensure that the non-native species do not do permanent harm to the native species or landscape and to protect endangered and threatened species from excessive predation and competition.
In the case of the Shackleford horse herd, the impact of these non-native animals is recorded and controlled. The herd size is limited through the use of contraceptives and the removal of selected young horses. This helps prevent the horses from over-grazing and causing lasting damage to the island, their own food supply, and the food supply of the other animals which live on Shackleford Banks. For more information, read the Horses of Shackleford Banks webpage.

Tracks through vegetation
One of the biggest threats to the health of these islands is irresponsible motorists. Driving over vegetation destroys the plants which trap sand and stabilize the islands.
Cape Lookout National Seashore
Human Impacts
The mission of Cape Lookout National Seashore is to balance human use and recreation with the preservation of the park's natural and cultural resources. Without proper care, people can have a devastating impact on natural ecosystems.
Walking or driving over vegetation can not only damage or destroy those plants it can also destroy the root systems which stabilize these islands.
Trash left behind can kill wildlife when the trash is mistaken for food.
Feeding animals teaches them to beg for scraps and may cause them to become dependant on human food for survival. Once habituated to humans, animals can become dangerous on their search for food.
Many protected species avoid areas where people like to gather. Certain birds, in particular, will abandon nests when people get too close--leaving their eggs vulnerable to the heat of the sun. Other birds have nests and eggs which are so small and blend in with the beach so well that drivers and pedestrians can accidentally crush the eggs or kill the chicks as they pass through the area. In addition, sea turtle hatchlings can become trapped in tire tracks on their way to the ocean. For all of these reasons, Cape Lookout National Seashore temporarily closes certain areas to reduce the impact of visitors on wildlife.
To reduce human impact on the islands, visitors should:
 - Drive only in designated areas (see our Beach Driving information)
 - Avoid areas closed for wildlife protection (see the current Wildlife Closures)
 - Carry out trash and everything else which was carried in to the park
 - Keep food away from animals
 - Walk only on designated paths or ground with no vegetation
Did You Know?
Male Fiddler Crab
If a male fiddler crab losses its large claw during a fight, its small claw will grow into a large claw and its missing claw will grow back as a small claw. Cape Lookout National Seashore


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Speed Dial
 1. Home
 2. Knowledge Base
 3. Basic Features in Outgoing Calls Menu
 4. Speed Dial
Speed Dial 8 and Speed Dial 100 allow you to program speed dial numbers that you can call with the push of a button.
Configure Speed Dial 8
 1. Log in to ucx.telepacific.com.
 2. Click Outgoing Calls on the left-hand menu.
 3. On the Outgoing Calls page, click the Speed Dial 8 link in the Basic column.
 4. The Speed Dial 8 page opens.
 User-Speed-Dial-8
 5. Enter the speed dial contact's name and number.
 6. Click OK or Apply to save changes, or Cancel to exit without saving.
Configure Speed Dial 100
 1. Log in to ucx.telepacific.com.
 2. Click Outgoing Calls on the left-hand menu.
 3. On the Outgoing Calls page, click the Speed Dial 100 link in the Basic column.
 4. The Speed Dial 100 page opens.
 User-Speed-Dial-100
 5. Click the Add button. The Speed Dial 100 Add page opens.
 User-Speed-Dial-100-Add
 6. Select the speed dial code, then enter a description and the phone number.
 7. Click OK to save changes.
Speed Dial on Your Phone
You can also program your speed dial numbers using your phone and the feature access codes for Speed Dial 8 and Speed Dial 100.
To use speed dial from your phone, dial # followed by the speed dial code number. For example, to call the number associated with speed dial code 6, dial #6 on the keypad.
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Decimal Trading
DEFINITION of 'Decimal Trading'
A system in which the price of a security is quoted using a decimal format rather than fractions. For example, a decimal trading quote would be $56.25; using fractions, the same quote would appear as $56¼. The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) ordered all stock markets within the U.S. to convert to decimals by April 9, 2001. Prior to 2001, markets in the United States utilized fractions in price quotes. Since decimalization, all quotes appear in the decimal trading format.
BREAKING DOWN 'Decimal Trading'
Decimalization has led to tighter spreads since smaller price movements can be accounted for. For example, prior to decimalization, one-sixteenth (1/16) of $1 was the minimum price movement represented in a price quote (this is equal to $0.0625).
With decimalization, the minimum price movement is 1 cent for stocks over $1, providing a greater number of price levels and allowing for tighter spreads between the bid and the ask levels for trading instruments.
 1. Quoted Price
 The most recent price at which an investment (or any other type...
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 3. Bid
 4. Bid-Ask Spread
 5. Decimalization
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# NAME Web::Library - Manager for wrappers around client-side libraries # SYNOPSIS # in your Catalyst application: my $library_manager = Web::Library->instance; $library_manager->mount_library({ name => 'jQuery' }); $library_manager->mount_library( { name => 'Bootstrap', version => '2.3.0' }); __PACKAGE__->config( 'Plugin::Static::Simple' => { include_path => [ $library_manager->include_paths ] },... ); # in an HTML template... [% web_library.css_link_tags_for('Bootstrap', 'jQuery') %]... [% web_library.script_tags_for('Bootstrap', 'jQuery') %] # DESCRIPTION There are well-established ways for web applications to manage server-side dependencies, like 'Makefile.PL' or 'cpanfile' - but what about client-side dependencies? So you develop and maintain a number of web applications, and all of them use some client-side libraries like jQuery or Twitter Bootstrap or Underscore.js. You have to copy the relevant JavaScript, CSS and image files to a directory containing static files for each web application. This involves quite a bit of copying around and version maintenance. Web::Library can help you. The idea behind Web::Library and its related distributions is that client-side libraries are installed as shared files of standard CPAN distributions. Web::Library itself is a manager for those libraries. A web application that wishes to use one or more client-side libraries can tell Web::Library to include either the latest or a specific version of those libraries. These managed libraries can then be used as static files with web application frameworks. In the case of [Catalyst](_URL_ you might use [Catalyst::Plugin::Static::Simple](_URL_ as shown in the synopsis. Web::Library is a singleton object, so you can add client-side libraries in different parts of your application. For example, you might have common librares that are included in all of your web applications, but then also want to manage application-specific libraries. Only client-side libraries whose license permits redistribution can be managed this way. Forunately, most, if not all, popular client-side libraries have such permissive licenses. # METHODS - instance Returns the singleton Web::Library object that manages all client-side libraries. - mount\_library Adds a specific version of a client-side library to the list of managed libraries. Takes a hashref of named parameters. Valid parameters are: - name The name of the client-side library. The manager will try to load the 'Web::Library::$name' class. For example, [Web::Library::Bootstrap](_URL_ is a distribution wrapper for Twitter Bootstrap. - version A distribution wrapper will contain various versions of the wrapped client-side library. Using this parameter you can specify the version you want. Refer to the relevant distribution's documentation to see which versions are available. This parameter is optional; if omitted, the latest version is used. - include\_paths Client-side library files are installed as shared files as described in [File::ShareDir](_URL_ The 'include_paths' method returns the absolute paths to shared directories for all managed libraries. ## ASSET-RELATED METHODS Web::Library can also help you with including a library's CSS and JavaScript files in the web page templates. If you expose an instance of Web::Library to your templates, you can add the relevant '' and '


Cordite meaning
kôr'dīt'
Any of a family of smokeless explosive powders consisting chiefly of nitrocellulose, nitroglycerin, and petrolatum that have been dissolved in acetone, dried, and extruded in cords.
noun
0
0
A smokeless explosive containing nitroglycerin, guncotton, petroleum jelly, and acetone.
noun
0
0
An explosive powder consisting of nitrocellulose, nitroglycerin, and petroleum jelly, used as a propellant for guns. It does not generate smoke and is shaped into cords.
0
0
A smokeless propellent made by combining two high explosives, nitrocellulose and nitroglycerine, used in some firearm ammunition.
noun
0
0
Advertisement
Origin of cordite
 - cord + -ite; the material is manufactured into short cordlike cylinders.
 From Wiktionary


Courtesy of Wikipedia
224: Violette Szabo
Allied Spy During World War II
Born: 26 June 1921, Paris, France
Died: 5 February 1945, Ravensbruck Concentration Camp, Brandenburg, Germany
Violette worked for the Special Operations Executive and was parachuted into France before being captured and executed by the Nazi Regime.
She met her husband and married him very quickly—Etienne was thirty-one and she nineteen when they got hitched.
Etienne returned to the front lines and was killed in 1942. Violette learned after Etienne had left to return to the front that she was pregnant, and their daughter was born in 1942—Tania (Etienne died three months after Tania was born and never got to see her or meet her in person).
Violette joined the SOE because of Etienne's death.
She and several others were parachuted into France the day after the D-Day landings (it was her second landing in France, with the first mission being a success).
After her capture she was taken to Ravensbruck and then to Torgau Concentration Camp.
After toiling for months at Torgau she was returned to Ravensbruck. Violette and two other captured spies (Denise Bloch and Lilian Rolfe) were executed by being shot in the back of the head.
She was posthumously awarded the George Cross for her bravery—the second woman to be awarded that medal. Violette was also awarded the Croix du Guerre and La Medaille de la Resistance by the French.
She and Etienne are the most decorated married couple from World War II.
Badges Earned:
Find a Grave Marked
Located In My Personal Library:
Women Wartime Spies by Ann Kramer
Secret Heroes of World War II by Eric Chalene
World War II Love Stories by Gill Paul


[ aws . sagemaker ]
create-endpoint
Description
Creates an endpoint using the endpoint configuration specified in the request. SageMaker uses the endpoint to provision resources and deploy models. You create the endpoint configuration with the CreateEndpointConfig API.
Use this API to deploy models using SageMaker hosting services.
Note
You must not delete an EndpointConfig that is in use by an endpoint that is live or while the UpdateEndpoint or CreateEndpoint operations are being performed on the endpoint. To update an endpoint, you must create a new EndpointConfig .
The endpoint name must be unique within an Amazon Web Services Region in your Amazon Web Services account.
When it receives the request, SageMaker creates the endpoint, launches the resources (ML compute instances), and deploys the model(s) on them.
Note
When you call CreateEndpoint , a load call is made to DynamoDB to verify that your endpoint configuration exists. When you read data from a DynamoDB table supporting ' Eventually Consistent Reads _URL_ , the response might not reflect the results of a recently completed write operation. The response might include some stale data. If the dependent entities are not yet in DynamoDB, this causes a validation error. If you repeat your read request after a short time, the response should return the latest data. So retry logic is recommended to handle these possible issues. We also recommend that customers call DescribeEndpointConfig before calling CreateEndpoint to minimize the potential impact of a DynamoDB eventually consistent read.
When SageMaker receives the request, it sets the endpoint status to Creating . After it creates the endpoint, it sets the status to InService . SageMaker can then process incoming requests for inferences. To check the status of an endpoint, use the DescribeEndpoint API.
If any of the models hosted at this endpoint get model data from an Amazon S3 location, SageMaker uses Amazon Web Services Security Token Service to download model artifacts from the S3 path you provided. Amazon Web Services STS is activated in your Amazon Web Services account by default. If you previously deactivated Amazon Web Services STS for a region, you need to reactivate Amazon Web Services STS for that region. For more information, see Activating and Deactivating Amazon Web Services STS in an Amazon Web Services Region in the Amazon Web Services Identity and Access Management User Guide .
Note
To add the IAM role policies for using this API operation, go to the IAM console , and choose Roles in the left navigation pane. Search the IAM role that you want to grant access to use the CreateEndpoint and CreateEndpointConfig API operations, add the following policies to the role.
 - Option 1: For a full SageMaker access, search and attach the AmazonSageMakerFullAccess policy.
 - Option 2: For granting a limited access to an IAM role, paste the following Action elements manually into the JSON file of the IAM role: "Action": ["sagemaker:CreateEndpoint", "sagemaker:CreateEndpointConfig"] "Resource": [ "arn:aws:sagemaker:region:account-id:endpoint/endpointName" "arn:aws:sagemaker:region:account-id:endpoint-config/endpointConfigName" ] For more information, see SageMaker API Permissions: Actions, Permissions, and Resources Reference .
See also: AWS API Documentation
Synopsis
 create-endpoint
--endpoint-name <value>
--endpoint-config-name <value>
[--deployment-config <value>]
[--tags <value>]
[--cli-input-json | --cli-input-yaml]
[--generate-cli-skeleton <value>]
[--debug]
[--endpoint-url <value>]
[--no-verify-ssl]
[--no-paginate]
[--output <value>]
[--query <value>]
[--profile <value>]
[--region <value>]
[--version <value>]
[--color <value>]
[--no-sign-request]
[--ca-bundle <value>]
[--cli-read-timeout <value>]
[--cli-connect-timeout <value>]
[--cli-binary-format <value>]
[--no-cli-pager]
[--cli-auto-prompt]
[--no-cli-auto-prompt]
Options
--endpoint-name (string)
The name of the endpoint.The name must be unique within an Amazon Web Services Region in your Amazon Web Services account. The name is case-insensitive in CreateEndpoint , but the case is preserved and must be matched in InvokeEndpoint .
--endpoint-config-name (string)
The name of an endpoint configuration. For more information, see CreateEndpointConfig .
--deployment-config (structure)
The deployment configuration for an endpoint, which contains the desired deployment strategy and rollback configurations.
BlueGreenUpdatePolicy -> (structure)
Update policy for a blue/green deployment. If this update policy is specified, SageMaker creates a new fleet during the deployment while maintaining the old fleet. SageMaker flips traffic to the new fleet according to the specified traffic routing configuration. Only one update policy should be used in the deployment configuration. If no update policy is specified, SageMaker uses a blue/green deployment strategy with all at once traffic shifting by default.
TrafficRoutingConfiguration -> (structure)
Defines the traffic routing strategy to shift traffic from the old fleet to the new fleet during an endpoint deployment.
Type -> (string)
Traffic routing strategy type.
 - ALL_AT_ONCE : Endpoint traffic shifts to the new fleet in a single step.
 - CANARY : Endpoint traffic shifts to the new fleet in two steps. The first step is the canary, which is a small portion of the traffic. The second step is the remainder of the traffic.
 - LINEAR : Endpoint traffic shifts to the new fleet in n steps of a configurable size.
WaitIntervalInSeconds -> (integer)
The waiting time (in seconds) between incremental steps to turn on traffic on the new endpoint fleet.
CanarySize -> (structure)
Batch size for the first step to turn on traffic on the new endpoint fleet. Value must be less than or equal to 50% of the variant's total instance count.
Type -> (string)
Specifies the endpoint capacity type.
 - INSTANCE_COUNT : The endpoint activates based on the number of instances.
 - CAPACITY_PERCENT : The endpoint activates based on the specified percentage of capacity.
Value -> (integer)
Defines the capacity size, either as a number of instances or a capacity percentage.
LinearStepSize -> (structure)
Batch size for each step to turn on traffic on the new endpoint fleet. Value must be 10-50% of the variant's total instance count.
Type -> (string)
Specifies the endpoint capacity type.
 - INSTANCE_COUNT : The endpoint activates based on the number of instances.
 - CAPACITY_PERCENT : The endpoint activates based on the specified percentage of capacity.
Value -> (integer)
Defines the capacity size, either as a number of instances or a capacity percentage.
TerminationWaitInSeconds -> (integer)
Additional waiting time in seconds after the completion of an endpoint deployment before terminating the old endpoint fleet. Default is 0.
MaximumExecutionTimeoutInSeconds -> (integer)
Maximum execution timeout for the deployment. Note that the timeout value should be larger than the total waiting time specified in TerminationWaitInSeconds and WaitIntervalInSeconds .
RollingUpdatePolicy -> (structure)
Specifies a rolling deployment strategy for updating a SageMaker endpoint.
MaximumBatchSize -> (structure)
Batch size for each rolling step to provision capacity and turn on traffic on the new endpoint fleet, and terminate capacity on the old endpoint fleet. Value must be between 5% to 50% of the variant's total instance count.
Type -> (string)
Specifies the endpoint capacity type.
 - INSTANCE_COUNT : The endpoint activates based on the number of instances.
 - CAPACITY_PERCENT : The endpoint activates based on the specified percentage of capacity.
Value -> (integer)
Defines the capacity size, either as a number of instances or a capacity percentage.
WaitIntervalInSeconds -> (integer)
The length of the baking period, during which SageMaker monitors alarms for each batch on the new fleet.
MaximumExecutionTimeoutInSeconds -> (integer)
The time limit for the total deployment. Exceeding this limit causes a timeout.
RollbackMaximumBatchSize -> (structure)
Batch size for rollback to the old endpoint fleet. Each rolling step to provision capacity and turn on traffic on the old endpoint fleet, and terminate capacity on the new endpoint fleet. If this field is absent, the default value will be set to 100% of total capacity which means to bring up the whole capacity of the old fleet at once during


text:
16 May Carlington Pump Station Expansion
Thank you to all residents that came out to the public meeting on May 15 to learn more about the major infrastructure project to expand and replace the Carlington Pumping Station at the Carlington reservoir.
The new pump station will be constructed adjacent to the existing station. It will be located on the west side of the reservoir, tight against the berm and adjacent to the existing communication tower compound. The existing pump station will remain in operation throughout the construction period of the new pump station. Once the new pump station is operational, the existing pump station will be de-decommissioned and demolished. The main components of the new pump station include the following:
- A new building complete with all new mechanical and electrical equipment to provide for the pumping needs of the various areas in the City.
- Backup power supply for emergency use during power outages.
- A new 914mm diameter suction watermain connected directly to the existing 1200mm diameter watermain on the east side of the reservoir.
- Four new discharge watermains connected to existing watermains that supply water to the various water Pressure Zones in the City.
- Demolition of the existing pump station approximately 6 months after the new pump station has been fully commissioned.
The main objective of the upgrade is to improve the reliability of water supply to roughly one third of the City's central water distribution system, and to provide additional capacity needed to accommodate future urban growth. The project is identified in the City's current Infrastructure Master Plan.
The current project schedule is as follows:
- Preliminary and detailed design: Fall 2015 – May 2017
- Design assignment completion: June 2017
- Construction start: Fall 2017
- Construction completion: Late Fall 2019
To view a copy of the presentation boards displayed at the public open house, please click on the link below.


MFR, MFI, and MI
When talking about plastics such as polyethylene and polypropylene, we often use the terms MFR or MI. This describes how fast the plastic flows when heated to a certain temperature under a certain weight. The weights and temperatures vary depending on the testing method applied. The most common are the ASTM D1238 and ISO 1133.
Most of the information I've seen thus far are treat these acronyms as being synonymous with each other. I've heard however that MFR should be used with polypropylene while MI should be used when talking about polyethylene.
If you're interested in the more technical side you'll find that the MFR of a material is an indirect measure of a materials molecular weight. Thinking of spaghetti is often helpful. A bowl of long noodles will 'pour' a lot slower than a bowl of short noodles.
To learn more about the test itself, both Wikipedia and Intertek have good websites.
Photo by aloalosabine (in Japan)


text:
This painting is entitled "Quaille, an English Water Spaniel."
I include it because this English water spaniel because, except for color and the docked tail, this animal reminds me of a heavily-built golden retriever. It doesn't remind me of a more-lightly built golden, but something about Quaille that says he could make it as a show golden.
At a distance he also could remind one of a Welsh springer spaniel. In fact, it is well-known that the water spaniels were absorbed into several spaniel breeds, including both breeds of springer. One of the founding dogs in the field spaniel studbook was a cross between a cocker (English) and English water spaniel. He was listed as a Sussex spaniel only because he was liver in color.
That should tell you that the term Sussex spaniel was a much broader term than it is today. After all, one of the leading characteristics of English water spaniels is they had MORE leg length than most land spaniels. The modern Sussex spaniel has very short legs, and for a while, virtually all field spaniels were short-legged. They looked a lot like long-haired dachshunds with docked tails.
I'm preparing a post on the history of field spaniels. It will be posted early to the middle of next week.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Normal atmospheric conditions on left. Oxygen rich flask on right.
When thinking about the steel wool lab it is important to think very logically and trust your observations.
If your lab technique was good, and you didn't knock off too many crumbs from the steel wool ball, your experiment should have gained mass. How is this possible? Remember chemically combustion is combining with oxygen (O2 molecules). So instead of simply having iron atoms, we know have iron oxide molecules. Oxygen has mass, so if we didn't lose any iron, the experiment has to gain mass.
Fe + O2 ==> ___________? + energy release (That gives off the glow. Fire is not an element!)
Under atmospheric conditions where oxygen is present in excess, the stable form of iron is Fe3+ ion.
So the reaction becomes:
Fe + O2 ==> Fe+3O-2 + energy
Now just finish the criss-cross for the proper compound formula and then balance the equation. Remember no subscript on the iron, and oxygen is a diatomic molecule. You can do it on your own!


text:
50 Simple Tools Used to Rebuild Haiti
Parts of this article were adapted from an article at Popular Mechanics
Rebuilding is an inevitable part of putting our lives back together after a disaster. When an emergency occurs, we need tools to build, repair and maintain our homes¬†to make them livable once more. Those who survived the¬†Haitian earthquake¬†know this all too well. We are all¬†familiar with the devastation that occurred with the Haitian earthquake, the lives lost and the reconstruction still taking place.
According to an article in Popular Mechanics, relief workers who responded to the disaster were asked to bring their own tools in order to rebuild parts of Haiti and they did so using 50 tools.¬†It is ironic that these tools played such a large role in the reconstruction of¬†this broken island. The tools used for reconstruction¬†not only created shelters for families, and areas for sanitation, but they gave the Haitians hope that one day their island would be restored.
In the backbreaking early stages of rubble removal, simple hand tools played a vital role in transporting and removing debris. Acquiring basic hand tools‚ÄĒshovels, axes and hammers‚ÄĒmeet immediate demolition needs and then take on a long-term role once construction resumes. The tools used in the first phase of reconstruction were:
1. Round point and square nose shovels, preferably heavy-duty variety with extra long blade socket.
2. Pick axe
3. Pulaski axe
4. Rig builder's hatchet
6. Bow saw
7. 24-oz. framing hammer
8. Sledge hammer
9. Digging bars, preferably both pointed and chisel tip varieties; crow bars.
10. Leather or synthetic work gloves
11. Protective eye wear
12. Hard hats
13. Dust masks
14. Contractor-grade wheel barrows
15. Bolt cutters
16. Large-diameter heavy-duty weatherproof rope; small-diameter light-duty line
17. Rope hoist/pulley, minimum 250-lb. capacity
18. Folding knife
Shelter construction was the next step in rebuilding Haiti. Simple sheds made of little more than lumber and nails can provide families secure shelter, a measure of sanitation and the stability to endure harsh weather. In the absence of fuel or electricity, fairly sophistication construction can begin with such basic hand tools as saws, braces and squares. The tools and materials used in the second phase of reconstruction were:
1. 8-point crosscut saw
2. Carpenter's pencil
3. Carpenter's square
4. Framing hammers and carpenter's hammers‚ÄĒsmaller sizes for various family members, in addition to the 24-ounce tool above.
5. 25-foot Metric/English tape rule
6. Bit Brace and a set of solid-center auger bits, ¬ľ inch through 1 inch
7. Utility knife, spare blades
8. High-tension hacksaw and selection of spare blades
1. 1/2 inch exterior-grade plywood, which has the structural stability to help frame out a building's wall.
2. 2 x 4 x 8 lumber by the pallet
3. 8-d common nails
4. 12-d and 16-d common nails
5. blue tarps in various sizes (5 x 7, 10 x 10, 12 x 20)
6. 6-mil plastic sheet, roll
7. 5-gallon plastic buckets
8. Self-stick roll roofing
Once the grid comes back up and¬†power and fuel become more widely available, electric or fuel powered tools will take the place of the simple, traditional tools. The power tools¬†tools will resupply Haiti's population of tradesmen or can equip volunteers aiding in relief efforts. These power tools are:
1. Rotary hammer and bits
2. Hammer drill and bits
3. Reciprocating saw and bi-metal blades
4. Chainsaw (with necessary tools and spare parts: gas cans, funnel, spare spark plug, bar and chain oil, gasoline, chain with carbide-tipped teeth, chainsaw chaps, chainsaw gloves).
5. Gas-engine driven welder/generator and selection of stick electrodes and accessories (welding mask, gloves, welding hammer, C clamps).
6. Right angle grinders and spare grinding wheels.
7. Portable concrete mixer, bags of ready-to-mix concrete.
8. Basic set of concrete and brick/block mason's tools, rock-working tools: float, trowel, brick/block trowels, plumb bob, brick set, mason's level, jointer, stone tracer, stone chisel.
9. Simple optical level, such as a builder's level or transit.
10. Basic electrician's tool kit (Haiti uses 110-volt power, the same as North America): side-cutting pliers, diagonal pliers, needle-nose pliers, electrician's multi-tool wire stripper/screw cutter, solenoid voltage tester, fork meter and spare AA batteries.
11. Metric/SAE tap and die set
12. Kerosene and kerosene lanterns, waterproof matches
13. Charcoal and charcoal grills
14. Chlorine bleach for water disinfection, Lifestraws or similar filtration tools, and refillable water bottles
15. Anti-bacterial soap, shop towels, and toilet paper.
Quite simply,¬†having these¬†tools and¬†equipment on hand¬†will help you operate in a non-technological environment. Investing in¬†quality tools could assist in rebuilding your home and lives more quickly and efficiently.¬†
A special thanks to all the relief workers who participated in rebuilding this island¬†and¬†giving¬†hope back to the Haitians. Your volunteerism¬†is a true act of kindness and a great example of the human spirit.
This information has been made available by Ready Nutrition
Author: Tess Pennington
Author's Web Site:
Made Available By: Ready Nutrition
Date: September 29th, 2011
Related Categories: Preparedness, Reserve Supplies, World News


text:
The Refinery Process Additives Market is expected to reach $1,364.73 million by 2023
Americas dominates the Refinery Process Additives Market
Americas dominates the Refinery Process Additives Market during the forecast period. It is expected to generate $9,268.95 million by 2023. The market is enhanced by growing demand for oil and gas in the recent years. The discovery of shale oil fields in the region has driven the demand for oil and gas which results in the use of refinery process additives in the region. US had a major share of 46% in Americas total oil production in 2015. North America has seen a rise in the oil production due to the discovery of shale and oil resources.
Selected Analysis done in the full Report:
The Demulsifier segment in 2016 had reached revenue of $114.78 million. It is expected to generate revenue of $185.02 million by 2023 at a CAGR of 6.1%. Demulsifiers are emulsion breakers which are used to separate emulsion such as water and oil. Demulsification is the process of splitting crude oil emulsion into oil and water phase. Crude oil in the reserve is found with water. Hence, water in oil emulsions is formed during the process. Demulsification has two steps namely flocculation and coalescence. Flocculation is the process of joining the droplets together to form aggregates or flocculation. In coalescence, the water droplets fuse together to form a large drop, which decreases the number of water droplets. The high density of the droplets causes the separation of water from oil.
Excerpts on Market Growth Factors
- Increasing crude oil production will spur the demand for refinery process additives.
- Increasing preference for non-toxic corrosion inhibitors will drive the growth of the Refinery Process Additives Market.
- Increasing fracking operations will uplift the demand for refining process and growth in additives. Fracking is a process of drilling and injecting the fluid into the ground at a high pressure to obtain fissures in the shale rock. This process releases the natural gas which is trapped inside the rocks.
Key players of the Refinery Process Additives Market
Nalco Champion and Clariant AG are the dominant players in the Refinery Process Additives Market. Nalco Champion provides solutions for corrosion prevention, gas treatment, hydrogen sulfide scavengers, etc. Clariant AG has launched the SCALETREAT FES scale inhibitor which can prevent the formation of scales and damage in the refining applications.
- Refinery Catalyst Market: By Components (Zeolites, Metals, Chemicals and Others) By Application (Hydroprocessing, Fluid Catalytic Cracking, Alkylation and Others); By Geography - Forecast(2018 - 2023)
- Defoamers Market: By Type (Silicone Defoamer and Non-silicone Defoamer); By Applications (Pulp & Paper, Textiles, Paints & Coatings, Oil & Gas, Food and beverage, Lubricants and Others); By Geography - Forecast (2018-2023)


text:
RHCE High Risk Foot Final Report
High Risk Foot – Training of Health Professionals to Assess the High Risk Foot.
WACRH obtained a Rural Health Continuing Education Grant for the High Risk Foot Project to deliver training workshops in rural and remote areas of WA to:
Increase awareness of high risk foot disease
Supply culturally appropriate diabetes foot care patient educational materials
Train health care professionals how to do a foot risk assessment
Supply health professionals with the necessary equipment to do a foot risk assessment
Provide ongoing High Risk Foot education


text:
One of the Oldest in Charleston
The graveyard of Circular church is likely the oldest English burial ground still in existence in Charleston. While many gravestones have disappeared, over 500 remain, with about 730 individuals named on those stones. Another 620 persons are named in church records with indications they were most likely buried in the graveyard.
Statistics for gravestones currently in the graveyard:
- Earliest unmarked grave: 1695
- Earliest inscribed gravestone: 1729
- Number of burials before 1776: 150
- Number of burials for people who were born before 1800: 450
The oldest gravestones are made of slate and were shipped from carvers in New England. These slates with images and medallion portraits have been called by one writer "an extraordinary and irreplaceable legacy of our artistic and cultural past." According to one gravestone historian, there are more of these unusual 18th century slate stones in this graveyard than anywhere else in the country. Our challenge is to preserve and maintain these historic artifacts.
The evolution of gravemarker artwork over the years reflects the changing attitudes toward death more graphically than do the inscriptions.
|Markers in the 1600s typically were inscribed with stark skull-and-crossbone markings, the ancient symbol of death.|
By the early 1700s, when John Vanderhorst was buried in the church graveyard, ideas were changing.
Although skulls were still in plain evidence, the crossbones were beginning to be replaced by wings and the resulting image was being called "death's head." So, although the skull continued to emphasize death, the wings were introducing the idea of flight from the Earth or life after death.
As the years passed, the sculptors emphasized life more and more, and death less and less. At first they began softening the skulls' appearances by adding upper lips and eyebrows, and later they even began adding noses and mouths.
In the early stages of this change, beginning around 1730, the sculptors inserted the mouth between the skull's nose and teeth. And although the teeth were retained, they were dropped down so they looked more like high collars or disfigured chins.
Still later, around 1740-45, the teeth disappeared from the skulls altogether. The wings remained, however, and at that point the skulls lost all their harshness. Instead they looked more like angels' faces -- and in fact, that's about what they were. They weren't even called skulls any longer, but "soul effigies" because they represented departing souls.
The major contribution of the eighteenth century to American gravestone art was portraiture. The term "portraiture" is used in gravestone studies to mean natural representations of the deceased (although whether the carver attempted to capture an individual likeness rather than simply to represent a type is a question that is still being studied). While there are many examples of portraiture in Circular's churchyard, none have been located in any other South Carolina or Georgia towns.
Enough Roman-style portraits exist in Charleston to suggest that, by the mid-1700s, Americans were beginning to identify themselves culturally with the Romans. This bust of Solomon Milner (_PHONE_), which has been called "the most notable and best preserved example of neoclassicism from 18th-century Charleston," reflects the popularity of this style.
Henry Simonds (d. 1695)
Henry Peronneau (d. 1743)
Major Anthony Toomer (d. 1798)
David Ramsay (d.1815)
Arthur Peronneau (d. 1774) in Hutson-Peronneau Vault
Richard Hutson (d. 1795) in Hutson-Peronneau Vault
You can also read more about the history of Circular Church.
Our historic church is as vibrant in the present as it has been in the past. We invite you to learn about present-day Circular, by exploring the rest of our website, watching our video on YouTube, liking us on Facebook, and joining us in worship on Sunday morning (11 a.m., or 10:15 a.m. from June to Labor Day).
For additional information about Circular and its historic graveyard, read Joanne Calhoun's book, The Circular Church, Three Centuries of Charleston History, published by _URL_ in 2008 (and available locally and online). You can also access our records, which are housed at the South Carolina Historical Society. We also encourage you to visit the Association for Gravestone Studies, which promotes the study of gravestones from historical and artistic perspectives, expands public awareness of the significance of historic gravemarkers, and encourages individuals and groups to record and preserve gravestones.


text:
Heat Furnace/Ceramic fiber electric heat module is the lining module fitted for industrial and laboratory furnaces, serving as a whole partor separate ones for assembly. It is characterized by energy-saving, easy installation and convenient maintenance.
1. Shrinking: 3-5%, Heater ID: 355.6mm
2. There are three types of furnace wire installation, Embedded type, Exposed type, Suspention type.
3. Ordinary working temperature: _PHONE_ ºC
It's widely used in the field of muffle furnace, pre-heating furnace, box-type furnace, high temperature furnace, vacuum furnace ect.


text:
Catch phrase goes here Catch phrase goes here Catch phrase goes here
Our Beam YOUTH Program works with our partner schools to provide an intensive apprenticeship experience to over 100 high school students per year. Beam Apprentices visit Beam Center two or more times a week for 15 weeks, working closely with engineers and artists to create a large-scale collaborative project. Past apprenticeship projects include: The Personal Planetarium, a welded-steel geodesic dome that maps the cosmos, and Current Translation, a twelve foot balancing sculpture with multi-media elements. In addition to learning technical skills, students also learn how to lead educational workshops for younger children. Apprentices who complete the program are eligible for paid summer jobs at community day camp and afterschool programs through a partnership with ExpandEd Options.