text:
Fear Can Alter Depth Perception
October 23, 2012 by Sam Rolley
Preppers and survival experts often note how the body's reaction to fear affects different senses vital to survival. According to a new study, fear can make you underestimate the distance between you and a potential threat.
"Our results show that emotion and perception are not fully dissociable in the mind," said psychologist Stella Lourenco, co-author of the study published in Current Biology. "Fear can alter even basic aspects of how we perceive the world around us. This has clear implications for understanding clinical phobias."
In general, people have a good sense for when objects heading toward them will make contact, giving them a split second to react by ducking or bracing for the object to strike them. The researchers sought to test the effect of fear on the accuracy of that skill.
The researchers had study participants make time-to-collision judgments of images on a computer screen. The study participants were instructed to gauge when each of the images, which varied from pictures of butterflies and rabbits to ones of menacing snakes and spiders, on the computer screen would have collided with them by pressing a button. The researchers found that the study participants often thought the snakes and spiders were closer than the less threatening visuals.
"We're showing that what the object is affects how we perceive looming. If we're afraid of something, we perceive it as making contact sooner," said Matthew Longo, a psychologist at Birkbeck, University of London.
"Even more striking," Lourenco added, "it is possible to predict how much a participant will underestimate the collision time of an object by assessing the amount of fear they have for that object. The more fearful someone reported feeling of spiders, for example, the more they underestimated time-to-collision for a looming spider. That makes adaptive sense: If an object is dangerous, it's better to swerve a half-second too soon than a half-second too late."


text:
Hot tapping is a method of employing an under pressure drilling machine to cut a hole in an operating pipeline or storage vessel which allows for a new branch connection from the existing pipe or vessel without any interruption to the flow.
Hot tapping is also the first procedure in line stopping, where a hole saw is used to make an opening the pipe, so a line plugging head can be inserted.
WHEN IT IS NEEDED?
You may face the following problems during pipe alteration & addition works:
- Insertion of a new branch in an operational pipeline
- Insertion of branch that require to drain off large amount of fluid
- Insertion or replacement of valve in an operational pipeline
- Preparing the pipeline for line stopping
HOT TAP PROCESS
Step 1: A hot tapping fitting is welded/bolted onto the existing pipe or storage vessel, at the location where the new branch is to be connected.
Step 2: A opened gate valve is installed on the hot tap fitting.
Step 3: Pressure test is carried out by using water pump and pressure gauge.
Step 4: The hot tapping machine is then mounted.
Step 5: Hot Tap operation is performed through the open valve.
Step 6: When the hot tap operation is completed, move back the cutter and close the gate valve. Drain off the water between the gate valve and the machine via the drain valve.
Step 7: The hot tapping machine is dismounted. A piece of the cut-off from the pipeline (known as the "coupon") is retrieved as an indication of the cut-out size. The gate valve is permanently mounted and a new branch can be connected from this location.
The components required for a typical hot tapping operation include a hot tap fitting designed to contain system pressure, a valve used to control the new connection and a hot tapping machine. The basic operation procedure is as follows:
- Install hot tap fitting and valve on existing pipeline.
- Install hot tapping machine.
- Perform hot tap through open valve and "coupon" is retrieved.
- Retract cutting assembly.
- Close hot tapping valve.
- Remove hot tap machine to allow for connection to new pipe.
Hot Tap Valve installed
Installing Hot Tap machine & start cutting
Hot Tap complete & coupon retrieved
Connecting branch after Hot Tap
We provide hot tapping service with the following advantages :
- One-Stop Service - Hot Tap accessories & service, insulation & piping works
- Convenient - No need for massive draining of fluid
- Hassle Free - Installation of valves, pressure & vacuum gauge, thermowell
- Reliable - Many years of hot tapping experience
- Cost Effective - Our hot tap services are price competitive
We are capable of providing hot tapping service for Tapping of various pipe material including carbon, galvanished and stainless steel, ductile and cast iron and metal pipe with concrete lining.
- Pipeline up to 48" (1200mm) diameter
- Operating pressure up to 2,000 psig
- Operating temperature up to 300°C
- Various pipe including oil, gas, water, steam or wastewater.
Technicians at Alstern Technologies are highly skilled and trained to operate and execute hot tapping operations. We have performed many such operations in various industries across the Asia Pacific region.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
We report controllable manipulation of slow and fast light in a whispering-gallery-mode microtoroid resonator fabricated from Erbium (Er3+) doped silica. We observe continuous transition of the coupling between the fiber-taper waveguide and the microresonator from undercoupling to critical coupling and then to overcoupling regimes by increasing the pump power even though the spatial distance between the resonator and the waveguide was kept fixed. This, in turn, enables switching from fast to slow light and vice versa just by increasing the optical gain. An enhancement of delay of two-fold over the passive silica resonator (no optical gain) was observed in the slow light regime. Moreover, we show dynamic pulse splitting and its control in slow/fast light systems using optical gain.
|Original language||English (US)|
|Journal||Applied Physics Letters|
|State||Published - May 2 2016|
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
- Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous)


text: Because of the continuity and discreteness during production, Irradiation industry becomes one of an especial industry. Various product type, uncertain lots and complex processes cycle increase the difficulty of production planning and scheduling. The implementation of CIMS/ERP systems during product processes in the enterprise can not fulfill the special requirements especially in product automation monitoring and quality information monitoring. Research and application of scheduling method and optimization technology effect crucially for enterprise to improve its production efficiency and reduce its production cost. So, more and more scholars pay their attention to this research field. For this reason, the paper presents a mathematical production scheduling model in irradiation workshop based on the research of irradiation industry development and shop scheduling in China and abroad. The author also design an application of the irradiation shop scheduling Optimization with this model in detailed, based on described the concept, principle of genetic algorithm and its method.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


How does my EPOS communicate with the IPC and the PED?
Your EPOS application will not communicate directly with the PED, the EPOS app only communicates with IPC which handles all communication with the PED and Worldpay servers for payment processing.
EPOS and IPC can communicate in two modes: File or Socket. The communication for either method, is in the form of a request for transaction (input) and the transaction result (output).
If you want to read the messages directly from the PED and not use the IPC GUI, you can use the IPC in the Hosted IPC mode. Your EPOS application needs to be listening on the appropriate port (default 8000) to read messages coming from the IPC through the PED.


Caster angle : definition of Caster angle and synonyms of Caster angle (English)
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definition - Caster angle
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Caster angle

 θ is the caster angle, the red line is the pivot line, and the grey area is the tire.
 An example of a chopper with raked forks at an extreme caster angle.
Caster angle[1] or castor angle[2] is the angular displacement from the vertical axis of the suspension of a steered wheel in a car, bicycle or other vehicle, measured in the longitudinal direction. It is the angle between the pivot line (in a car - an imaginary line that runs through the center of the upper ball joint to the center of the lower ball joint) and vertical. Car racers sometimes adjust caster angle to optimize their car's handling characteristics in particular driving situations.
Contents
 Bikes
In the context of bicycles and motorcycles, caster is more commonly referred to as "rake and trail".
 Front end alignment
When a vehicle's front suspension is aligned, caster is adjusted to achieve the self-centering action of steering, which affects the vehicle's straight-line stability. Improper caster settings will cause the driver to move the steering wheel both into and out of each turn, making it difficult to maintain a straight line[vague].
 Positive caster angle
The pivot points of the steering are angled such that a line drawn through them intersects the road surface slightly ahead of the contact point of the wheel. The purpose of this is to provide a degree of self-centering for the steering - the wheel casters around so as to trail behind the axis of steering. This makes a car easier to drive and improves its directional stability (reducing its tendency to wander). Excessive caster angle will make the steering heavier and less responsive, although, in racing, large caster angles are used to improve camber gain in cornering. Caster angles over 7 degrees with radial tires are common. Power steering is usually necessary to overcome the jacking effect from the high caster angle.
 Trail or trailing
The steering axis (the red dotted line in the diagram above) does not have to pass through the center of the wheel, so the caster can be set independently of the mechanical trail, which is the distance between where the steering axis hits the ground, in side view, and the point directly below the axle. The interaction between caster angle and trail is complex, but roughly speaking they both aid steering, caster tends to add damping, while trail adds 'feel', and returnability. In the extreme case of the shopping trolley wheel, the system is undamped but stable, as the wheel oscillates around the 'correct' path. The shopping trolley/cart setup has a great deal of trail, but no caster. Complicating this still further is that the lateral forces at the tire do not act at the center of the contact patch, but at a distance behind the nominal contact patch. This distance is called the pneumatic trail and varies with speed, load, steer angle, surface, tire type, tire pressure and time. A good starting point for this is 30 mm behind the nominal contact patch.
 History
Arthur Krebs applied the first positive caster angle to automotive front-train in his 1896 car, English patent : "To ensure stability of direction by means of a special arrangement of fore-carriage, that is to say, to re-establish automatically the parallelism of the two axles of the vehicle when there is no tendency to keep them in any other direction, or after a temporary effort has caused them to diverge from said parallelism. [...] The axle of the fore-carriage is situated a suitable distance behind the projection of the axis of the pivot-pin in order to ensure the stability of direction above referred to."
 See also
 References
 1. ^ "Merriam Webster Dictionary". _URL_ Retrieved 2009-12-25. "caster n : the slight usually backward tilt from vertical of the axis of the steering mechanism of an automobile for giving directional stability to the front wheels"
 2. ^ Oxford English Dictionary (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. 1989. "castor angle, the angle at which the steering-head of the front wheels of a motor vehicle is set"
 External links

All translations of Caster angle
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text:
98th (Prince of Wales's) Regiment of Foot
|98th (The Prince of Wales's) Regiment of Foot|
|March||God Bless the Prince of Wales|
|Engagements||First Opium War, Second Anglo-Sikh War|
|Disbanded||1881, amalgamated with 64th Foot to become The Prince of Wales's (North Staffordshire) Regiment|
|HRH The Prince of Wales|
|Sir Colin Campbell|
The 98th (Prince of Wales) Regiment of Foot was an infantry regiment of the British Army. It was originally raised in 1824 as the 98th Regiment of Foot, before assuming the title of the 98th (Prince of Wales) Regiment of Foot in 1876. Later, in 1881, following the Childers Reforms of the British Army, the regiment was amalgamated with the 64th Regiment of Foot to become the Prince of Wales's (North Staffordshire) Regiment. As the 64th Foot was senior to the 98th, the 98th became the 2nd Battalion in the new regiment. Throughout the course of the regiment's existence it served mostly overseas in South Africa, China and India.
The 98th Foot was raised in Chichester in 1824 by Lieutenant Colonel Mildmay Fane. It was the sixth regiment to be numbered the 98th Foot. The first Colonel of the regiment was Major General Henry Conran. The first set of colours were presented by the Duchess of Richmond at a ceremony at Chichester on 6 October 1824.
In December 1824 the new regiment was posted to South Africa where for all bar two years of its 13 year tour it was based in Cape Town, the other two years being in Grahamstown. During the entire tour no active service was seen. Returning to England in 1837 the regiment was based for two years in Newcastle upon Tyne where it was frequently called out to support the civil powers during the Chartist unrests. At this point command of the regiment was taken over by its most famous commanding officer, Sir Colin Campbell who commanded the reigment for 12 years between 1835 and 1847.
In 1841 the regiment moved to Ireland but very shortly afterwards was sent to China during the 1st China or Opium War. Arriving in Hong Kong in 1842 it formed part of the 1st Brigade, commanded by Major General Lord Saltoun, along with the 26th Foot, the Bengal Volunteer Battalion and the grenadier and light companies of the 41st Madras Native Infantry. The brigade advanced on Chinkiang and after an ineffective pursuit of retreating Chinese forces took part in the final advance on Nanking. During this war very few battle casualties were taken but over 50 died from cholera with another 200+ unfit for duty. As a result of its participation in the Opium War, the regiment was awarded its first battle honour "The DRAGON superscribed CHINA". A move to Hong Kong followed where the appalling death rate from disease continued with over 500 dying and sick.
The next move was to India in 1846. Initially the regiment was based in Calcutta (Kolkata) and Dinapore, however, in 1848 it moved to the Punjab where, although not directly engaged in the Second Anglo-Sikh War, a second battle honour — PUNJAUB — was awarded. From here the regiment was one of the first British units to serve on the North West Frontier and spent 1849–1851 in and around the Kohat Pass area. By 1851 the regiment had been abroad for a total of nine years and in that time it had suffered over 1,100 deaths, mostly from sickness, with almost 200 invalided home. The last three years of the posting were spent in Calcutta before the regiment returned to England in 1854.
Following three years on home service the regiment returned to India and the North West Frontier. As a result it saw no service in the Indian Mutiny. Instead it was employed as part of the Sittana Field Force sent to deal with the so called Hindustani Fanatics.
The regiment returned home in 1867 and then in 1870 moved to Ireland for three years. During this time it dealt with minor disturbance including a mutiny by the Tipperary Light Infantry Militia. The Cardwell Reforms were introduced during this period and it was then that the regiment was linked with the 64th (2nd Staffordshire) Foot for the first time.
The next posting was to the West Indies from 1873 to 1880 followed by a move to Malta. It was in Malta following the presentation of what transpired to be the last set of regimental colours by HRH The Prince of Wales that the regiment became the 98th (Prince of Wales's) Regiment of Foot on 27 October 1876.
War broke out in Afghanistan in 1879 and in 1880 in response the regiment moved once more to India being based initially at Karachi. It was here that in 1881 the eventual conclusion of the Childers Reforms took effect and the regiment amalgamated with the 64th Foot to become the Prince of Wales's (North Staffordshire) Regiment. As the junior regiment the 98th Foot became the 2nd Battalion of the new regiment.
In its short life of 57 years, no less than 43 were spent on overseas postings.
Battle honours
The 98th Foot was granted the following battle honours:
- The DRAGON superscribed CHINA (1842);
- PUNJAUB (1848).
On 1 July 1881, the 64th and 98th Regiments of Foot were combined with militia and rifle volunteer units in Northern Staffordshire to form The Prince of Wales's (North Staffordshire) Regiment. The regiment was renamed The North Staffordshire (The Prince of Wales's) Regiment in 1920. In 1959 the North Staffordshire and South Staffordshire Regiments amalgamated to form The Staffordshire Regiment (The Prince of Wales's). In September 2007 The Staffordshire Regiment amalgamated with the 22nd (Cheshire) Regiment and The Worcestershire and Sherwood Foresters Regiment to form The Mercian Regiment, in which the Staffords became the 3rd (Staffordshire) Battalion.
The Dragon device is still carried on the colours and drums of the Mercian Regiment.
- Cook p.33.
- Historical Record p.1.
- Cook p.35.
- Historical Record p.2.
- Cook p.38.
- Cook p.58.
- Cook p.59.
- Cook p.60.
- Historical Record p.3.
- "Cardwell Reforms". Retrieved 30 July 2009.
- Cook p.62.
- "The Mercian Regiment: Regimental Devices and Badges". Retrieved 9 April 2009.
- Parliamentary Debates, House of Commons, 16 December 2004, column 1796.
See also
- Cook, Hugh (1970). The North Staffordshire Regiment (The Prince of Wales's). Famous Regiments. London: Leo Cooper. ISBN 0-85052-056-8.
- An Historical Record of the 2nd Battalion, The Prince of Wales' North Staffordshire Regiment. Mooltan, Punjab, India: F Bremner. 1908.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Posted by Ebrahim-Khalil Hassen on June 3, 2011
Over 15 million potentially eligible voters did not cast their vote in the recent local government elections. This analysis compares the mid-year population estimates with the voters role.
A development worker in Cape Town pointed out that there was a significant gap between the potential number of voters, and those on the voter's role. It piqued my interest, and I asked a couple more community activists about this. They all confirmed the view that in their areas, the level of voter registration was low. Could this view from the ground be correct? The proposition is that they may exist – in the words of one of the community workers – "an excluded majority" not even on the voters roll. To explore this question, we have compared the voters roll with population estimates.
In sum, this exploration seeks to find out what proportion of the population are on the voter's roll. In undertaking this analysis, only official data has been utilised. These are:
- Indepedent Electoral Commission (IEC) reports on voter turnout by province were generated using the IEC's report generator;
- Statistics South Africa's Mid-Year Population Estimates (2010). The cut-off point in the data is at 20, which means that potential voters between 18 and 20 are not counted in these results. Including 18-20 year olds in the analysis would potentially increase the size of the so-called "silent majority".


text:
Study tracks repercussions from reduced pre-op testingJan. 17, 2019, 10:50 AM
by Paul Govern
When clinical teams at Vanderbilt University Medical Center dramatically reduced several types of preoperative testing for elective surgery patients, there were no repercussions for these patients in terms of case cancellation rates, average length of stay in the hospital or rates of readmission to VUMC.
That's the finding of a retrospective observational study by Jonathan Wanderer, MD, MPhil, and Gen Li, MS, MS, appearing in the Journal of Clinical Anesthesia.
"We're very encouraged by these results. Where the rooting out of unnecessary testing is concerned, many health care institutions have been slow to adopt established preoperative testing guidelines, and we think this might be due in part to fear that OR operations might become disrupted, whether by increases in case cancellations or by last-minute testing.
"But our study shows that more refined, targeted protocols can be successful in reducing unnecessary testing without disrupting the OR and without increasing adverse patient outcomes as measured by length of hospital stay or hospital readmission," said Wanderer, associate professor of Anesthesiology and Biomedical Informatics and medical director of the Vanderbilt Preoperative Evaluation Center (VPEC).
From 2012 to 2015, VPEC refined its protocols based on national guidelines and consensus among VUMC experts, in part to reduce unnecessary patient tests through more discriminating use of chest X-rays, electrocardiograms and lab studies. Concurrently, the preoperative chest X-ray protocol used by surgical teams across VUMC was refined, and surgeons completed brief training modules about the protocol.
When the researchers analyzed 56,425 cases that had been evaluated preoperatively by VPEC before and after the various protocol changes, they found that the rate of preoperative electrocardiogram orders decreased from 62 to 32 percent; preop basic metabolic panels and blood cell counts both decreased from 71 to 51 percent; and preop blood coagulation testing decreased from 38 to 30 percent. To examine preop ordering of chest X-rays, the researchers analyzed 72,605 cases, finding a decrease from 11.8 to 3.1 percent.
After the protocol changes, rates of testing on the day of surgery were unchanged for these tests, except in the case of basic metabolic panels, which increased from 0.28 to 0.66 percent. Among patients evaluated preoperatively, length of hospital stay was found to have decreased by one day and there were no significant increases in case cancellations or readmissions to VUMC within 30 days.
Wanderer and Li were joined in the study by Sarah Nelson, MPH, Hanyuan Shi, MD, Maxim Terekhov, MS, and Jesse Ehrenfeld, MD, MPH.


We Show You How To Prepare Perfect Vegetables
In this article, we take a look at how to prepare vegetables, including tips on skinning tomatoes and preparing globe artichokes for cooking.
How to Chop Onions
 1. Chop off the neck of the onion, but do not cut off the root end.
 2. Peel the onion, by scoring down its side, then removing the skin and first layer of flesh. Try peeling it under running water to prevent the release of the sulphuric compounds that may make your eyes water.
 3. Halve the onion through the root and lay it cut side down.
 4. Slice down into narrow strips, cutting from tip end towards the root end – do not let the strips fall apart.
 5. Holding the half onion together, cut across the strips, at right angles to the first cuts.
 6. Remove the root end and the onion will fall into dice.
How to Revive Wilted Lettuce
Wilted lettuce leaves may be revived using the following method:
 1. Place the leaves in a bowl of warm water; this will open up the pores of the lettuce so that they become full of water.
 2. After soaking for 10 minutes, plunge the leaves into a bowl of ice water; this will close the lettuce pores, sealing the water in.
How to Skin a Tomato
 1. Place the tomato in hot water for 1 minute.
 2. Remove from water and then peel the soft skin away from the wet tomato.
Alternative Method
 1. Hold the tomato over a gas flame until the skin chars.
 2. Remove from flame and then peel away the charred skin from the tomato.
Preparing Avocados
 1. Cut the avocado in half lengthways all the way round and down to the stone.
 2. Twist the two halves in opposite directions and pull them apart.
 3. Using the point of a knife, lift out the stone and remove it.
 4. Avocado flesh will soon start to turn brown after it has been cut, so you should only prepare it just before you are ready to serve. Alternatively, sprinkle lemon or lime juice over its surface to prevent it from discolouring. This is particularly important for purÃ©ed dishes such as guacamole.
Preparing Garlic
 1. Separate the garlic into cloves, then lay one clove on a chopping board.
 2. Take a broad-bladed knife or cleaver, lay it sideways on the clove and pound it once with your fist. The garlic skin will easily pull away.
 3. Continue chopping, mashing or crushing as required. If the garlic clove has a green shoot inside, you should remove it before preparing any further, as it has a bitter taste.
 4. Whether you chop the cloves, mash them under the flat of a knife, or crush them in a garlic press is a matter of taste: the finer the result, the more of the pungent oils are released. In this way, crushing the garlic clove will give a more intense flavour than slicing.
Preparing Globe Artichokes
When working with globe artichokes, rub all cut surfaces with juice from lemon halves to prevent discoloration.
 1. Snap off the stalk of the artichoke at the base, pulling out the fibres with it.
 2. Bend a large lower leaf over towards the base until it snaps, and then pull it off. Snap off all the large outer leaves in the same way.
 3. Cut off the cone of paler green, soft inner leaves, by cutting straight across just above the hairy choke.
 4. Using a small knife, trim away all the dark green parts from around the base and sides of the artichoke. When you have finished, the artichoke should be a neat round shape.
 5. Using a teaspoon, scoop out the hairy choke in the centre.
 6. Either plunge the artichoke heart in water acidulated with lemon juice to prevent discoloration, or cook it immediately.
Preparing Leeks
 1. Trim off the roots and any tough, outer green leaves.
 2. Cut the leek in half lengthways.
 3. Rinse the halved leek under cold running water until all traces of grit and soil have been removed. You may need to loosen the leaves gently so that the water can run right into the furled vegetable.
 4. Cut into lengths or slices as desired.


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Discharge Blower Reverse Flow
Discharge Blower Reverse Flow
Discharge Blower Reverse Flow
In discussion with my colleagues regarding the possibility of installing a dilution air blower on a vent stack, the following question arose:
Let's say a dilution blower is provided that has a deadhead pressure of, say, 3 psig, and the vent stack is in the middle of relieving an emergency event. The relief event is such that the stack pressure is 10 psig at the inlet due to the relieving gas flow (close to where the dilution air blower would discharge into the stack).
My colleagues seemed to think that by providing a "Y" connection would somehow prevent backflow through the blower. I contended that unless the stack were provided with some kind of venturi or other design to accelerate the gas and drop local pressure below 3 psig, the blower would experience back-flow through it.
My overall contention and understanding of a blower is that if discharge pressure is higher than the deadhead pressure, it will experience backflow.
RE: Discharge Blower Reverse Flow
Would agree with your predictions on this.
RE: Discharge Blower Reverse Flow
It depends; what amount of momentum will the gas have as it passes the location of the dilution blower. For it to take a different path it needs to change direction; what will cause that direction change? Now, if the tube was capped so there was no flow it would be obvious that the 10 psi source would vent into the 3 psi area, but once it's moving it really depends on the geometry.
An interesting example I came across recently is the Tesla valve which is essentially a solid state diode to gas flow.
RE: Discharge Blower Reverse Flow
3Ddave: The 10 psig pressure would be the driving force. The vent is already providing a significant resistance to flow.
RE: Discharge Blower Reverse Flow
So you've calculated the velocity? I missed where you did that step.
RE: Discharge Blower Reverse Flow
3DDave - I believe that the velocity is immaterial if the gauge pressure that is read at the point of the dilution air entry is 10 psig. The only way velocity would matter is if the air stream at 10 psig upstream of the dilution air entry were accelerated via a venturi, which could drop the gauge pressure reading to sub-3 psig at the entry point of the dilution air. This stack is intended to be a straight pipe, so I'm not seeing how velocity plays into this.
You seem to be saying that even if I had this Y connection, but it discharged to atmosphere (no blower), there would be no flow through it because the momentum of the relieving stream would prevent the gas from "turning around". I find that to be an unbelievable assertion. Adding a blower to that pipe only changes the static pressure the gas flow is fighting against. You are essentially asserting, if I understand you correctly, that gases will not always flow from high pressure to low pressure. If that is a fundamental error on my part, please explain why.
We are currently designing this stack to handle a range of relief conditions, and dilution air is one means of achieving sufficient velocity for dispersion for some of the smaller relief cases. This question arose during that discussion regarding what kind/pressure the blower would be needed.
RE: Discharge Blower Reverse Flow
I agree that there would be backflow. I don't see why a Y shape would avoid that.
Rio de Janeiro - Brazil
RE: Discharge Blower Reverse Flow
If you were talking about 3 psig deadhead and say 3.2 psig at the Y, your colleagues might have a point as it would act to a certain extent like a venturi.
But not 10 psig. No way.
without an NRV suitably rated you will get backflow.
Remember - More details = better answers
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text:
How to Move a Tangerine Tree
A type of mandarin orange, the tangerine is known for its bright color, easy-to-peel skin and a small size that makes it perfect for on-the-go snacks. In the tropical home landscape, tangerine trees are popular for the bountiful fruit they produce from a relatively compact tree.
Like any landscape plant, however, there are times when moving a tangerine tree becomes necessary. If it's in danger of outgrowing its space or if it does not receive as much light as it needs, it's time to relocate. Transplanting a tangerine tree is not difficult, but do it carefully to ensure your tree will rebound with vigor.
Time it right. The best time to transplant a tangerine tree is in winter to early spring. This will give the tree time to become established before summer's hot, dry weather sets in.
Choose your site. Tangerine trees need full sun so pick a spot where it won't be shaded by structures or other trees. In cold-sensitive areas, a spot on the southeast side of the house is a good idea. The house will give off heat and offer some protection during cold spells. To avoid problems as the tree matures, choose a site at least six to eight feet from any structures, sidewalks, driveways or other features that could be damaged by growing roots or branches.
Dig it up. Using a shovel, carefully dig up the tree getting as much of the root ball as you can. Lift it out of the ground and place it on a blanket or wheelbarrow for easy moving.
Prepare the new site. Dig a hole big enough to generously accommodate the entire width of the root ball but avoid digging too deeply. The hole should be equal to or slightly shallower than the depth of the root ball.
Re-plant the tree. Place it in the hole so that the base of the trunk is about.5-1 inch higher than it was in the ground originally. Fill the hole halfway with soil, then fill it with water to settle the soil around the roots and remove air pockets. After the water has drained, fill the hole completely with soil and firm it around the base of the tree.
Make a watering ring. Create a ring of soil around the base of the tree to form a basin that will help retain water. The ring should be about 4-6 inches high and slightly wider in diameter than the planting hole. Fill this basin with water and allow it to soak in. Inspect the ring to make sure it is intact. Leave the soil ring in place and fill it with water 2-3 times per week until the tree is well-established.
Plan ahead for future problems. When choosing a site, look for trees growing nearby that could eventually shade out your tangerine.
Moving a larger tangerine tree is at least a two-person job. One person can support the trunk while the other handles the root ball.
Don't plant the tangerine tree in a hole deeper than the surrounding ground. Some people do this to facilitate watering, but this practice can encourage foot rot disease that could kill the tree.
- Plan ahead for future problems. When choosing a site, look for trees growing nearby that could eventually shade out your tangerine.
- Moving a larger tangerine tree is at least a two-person job. One person can support the trunk while the other handles the root ball.
- Don't plant the tangerine tree in a hole deeper than the surrounding ground. Some people do this to facilitate watering, but this practice can encourage foot rot disease that could kill the tree.
- Blanket or mat


0
$\begingroup$
We know that Hamiltonian path, clique and independent sets are NP-complete but what about half or the square root of each problem or a fraction of $n$ ? That is, for a graph, $G$ of $n$ nodes,
 - is there a Hamiltonian path of size $\frac{n}{2}$ or of $\sqrt{n}$ or any number of nodes less than $n$?
 - is there an independent set of size $b$ in $\frac{n}{2}$ or of $\sqrt{n}$ or any number of nodes less than $n$?
 - is there a clique of size $k$ in $\frac{n}{2}$ or of $\sqrt{n}$ or any number of nodes less than $n$?
$\endgroup$
5
 - $\begingroup$ A hamiltonian path (if it exists) is necessarily of size $n$ in a graph of order $n$… $\endgroup$ – Nathaniel Apr 19 at 16:25
 - $\begingroup$ I don't understand the problem statements. For example, what's the intended difference between the second problem and "is there an independent set of size b on a given graph"? $\endgroup$ – Juho Apr 19 at 18:52
 - $\begingroup$ Instead of an independent set with $G$ of size $n$, finding an independent set of a subgraph, $G'$, of $\frac{n}{2}$ nodes that are from $G$ $\endgroup$ – heretoinfinity Apr 19 at 20:36
 - $\begingroup$ It looks like you're asking about 6 different questions here. There is no reason that the answer will necessarily be the same for all of them. The usual rule is to ask only one question per post $\endgroup$ – D.W. Apr 20 at 2:34
 - $\begingroup$ @D.W., do you mean that each of the bullet points is actually a set of 2 questions? $\endgroup$ – heretoinfinity Apr 20 at 14:53
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$\begingroup$
There is no general rule that they necessarily need to be NP-complete in general.
For the specific examples you list, I expect the answer will be that each of those specific examples are NP-complete, but I haven't tried to prove or verify that; that's just speculation.
$\endgroup$
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text:
Empowering ICT Adaptation in Primary Education through OLPC in Sri Lanka
'Empowering ICT Adaptation in Primary Education through OLPC in Sri Lanka' is a project conducted by final year student group under the support of NeLC project.
The project, "Empowering ICT Adaptation in Primary Education of Sri Lanka through OLPC" aims to critically evaluate how this methodology has been practicing in Sri Lanka identifying its limitations by proposing constructive improvements. Apart from that they have taken steps in establishing a framework for OLPC based ICT adaptation in the primary education of Sri Lanka. Established framework facilitates all stakeholders to share their knowledge, skills & experience.
This project wishes to generate significant pedagogical evidences on the impact of the OLPC project in Sri Lanka primary education. Three major steps were taken in to the consideration when continuing the project. As the first step, the research team have included major arguments in the existing literature. Second, they have conducted a pre and post evaluation researches to gather the background information and requirements needed for the third and the final step. Third, and most importantly, they have attempted to develop a conscious framework to support and facilitate above findings. The framework includes, information portal, impact assessment, proposed Sri Lankan mechanism for island wide OLPC deployment and activity categorization
XO distribution & usage model guides an effective and flexible usage of XO among primary students. The level of interest among students on XO is analyzed by Mentoring & facilitating model. This model helps to identify the facilitating point which requires giving energy to the XO, providing new content to maintain the same level of interest among students. Activity based integration was conducted following students' knowledge level, syllabus and Pigeon's cognitive theory.
Implementation of networked learning environment helps building a virtual learning environment connecting students, teachers and other stakeholders.
- G. K. Munasinghe, 1 H. A. Wickramarachchi, 2 H. M. S. J. Meewellewa, 3 and K. P. Hewagamage, "Measuring impact of OLPC for primary education in Sri Lanka" e-India 2010, Hyderabad, India, August 2010"


Opened 9 years ago
Closed 9 years ago
Last modified 9 years ago
#11686 closed enhancement (fixed)
Spider Chart
Reported by: JayZ(zhouxiang) Owned by: Eugene Lazutkin
Priority: high Milestone: 1.6
Component: Charting Version: 1.5
Keywords: Cc: [email protected]
Blocked By: Blocking:
Description (last modified by Adam Peller)
The spider chart consists of a sequence of equi-angular spokes, called radii, with each spoke representing one of the variables. The data length of a spoke is proportional to the magnitude of the variable for the data point relative to the maximum magnitude of the variable across all data points. A line is drawn connecting the data values for each spoke. This gives the plot a star-like appearance and the origin of the name of this plot. Spider charts are useful when you want to look at several different factors all related to one item. spider charts have multiple axes along which data can be plotted.
The "spider chart" can be a format commonly used by management consultants to show their clients how an organization compares with those in similar companies. It also can be used as the control of quality improvement to display the performance metrics of any ongoing program. Furthermore, it is also being used in sports to chart players' strengths and weaknesses. For example, you could use a spider chart to compile data about a wide receiver on a professional football team. On one axis, you could plot the percentage of passes caught. Another axis would show his yards per completion; another, his completions per 100 plays; another, blocks made; and a final axis might show his interceptions. So far as we can see, the spider has a broad application area.
Spider charts differ from radar chart in that a spider chart is a chart that has N "y" axes while radar chart has only one "y" axis, all radiating from a central point, where each "y" axis represents a specific category. For example, there are 5 "y" axes: GDP, area, population, inflation and growth here. The radar chart, however, instead of being drawn in a typical linear X/Y space, the radar chart is drawn using a circular plot, with specific X values being shown using an arbitrary number of spokes drawn from a center point. These charts are useful for showing data over a cyclical set of values (for instance, hours of a day, minutes in an hour, etc.). With a radar chart, data is plotted in much the same way as with a typical line or area chart. Actually, the radar chart is somewhat similar with line chart, the major difference between them is: line chart has a "straight" X axis while radar chart has a "circular" X axis, and the orientation of their Y axis is opposite.
demo snapshot from xiang zhou
Attachments (2)
spider_demo.png (53.6 KB) - added by Adam Peller 9 years ago.
demo snapshot from xiang zhou
spider.patch (53.2 KB) - added by Adam Peller 9 years ago.
from xiang zhou with a11y updates (IBM, CCLA)
Download all attachments as: .zip
Change History (7)
comment:1 Changed 9 years ago by JayZ(zhouxiang)
There is code for "MasterTooltip?", MasterTooltip? is a independent tooltip I separated from dojox.charting.action2d.Tooltip, so as to use tooltip everywhere in dojox.charting. Besides, the "MasterTooltip?" code here is the same as the "MasterTooltip?" code in label shortening patch(_URL_ as both of them have to use the "MasterTooltip?", and none of them are in trunk, so I put the "MasterTooltip?" code in both of these two patch.
comment:2 Changed 9 years ago by Adam Peller
Description: modified (diff)
Summary: Radar ChartSpider Chart
Changed 9 years ago by Adam Peller
Attachment: spider_demo.png added
demo snapshot from xiang zhou
comment:3 Changed 9 years ago by Adam Peller
Description: modified (diff)
Changed 9 years ago by Adam Peller
Attachment: spider.patch added
from xiang zhou with a11y updates (IBM, CCLA)
comment:4 Changed 9 years ago by Eugene Lazutkin
Resolution: fixed
Status: newclosed
(In [23513]) Charting: spider chart, thx Xiang Zhou (CCLA, IBM), !strict, fixes #11686.
comment:5 Changed 9 years ago by Eugene Lazutkin
(In [23514]) Charting: switched tooltip tests to Claro theme, !strict, refs #11686, refs #11631.
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text:
- class docarray.array.mixins.evaluation.EvaluationMixin#
A mixin that provides ranking evaluation functionality to DocumentArrayLike objects
- evaluate(other, metric, hash_fn=None, metric_name=None, strict=True, **kwargs)#
Compute ranking evaluation metrics for a given DocumentArray when compared with a groundtruth.
This implementation expects to provide a groundtruth DocumentArray that is structurally identical to self. It is based on comparing the matches of documents inside the 'DocumentArray.
This method will fill the evaluations field of Documents inside this DocumentArray and will return the average of the computations
other (DocumentArray) – The groundtruth DocumentArray' that the DocumentArray compares to.
float]]) – The name of the metric, or multiple metrics to be computed
str]]) – The function used for identifying the uniqueness of Documents. If not given, then
str]) – If provided, the results of the metrics computation will be stored in the evaluations field of each Document. If not provided, the name will be computed based on the metrics name.
bool) – If set, then left and right sides are required to be fully aligned: on the length, and on the semantic of length. These are preventing you to evaluate on irrelevant matches accidentally.
kwargs – Additional keyword arguments to be passed to metric_fn
- Return type
The average evaluation computed or a list of them if multiple metrics are required


text:
Promoter, in chemistry, substance added to a solid catalyst to improve its performance in a chemical reaction. By itself the promoter has little or no catalytic effect. Some promoters interact with active components of catalysts and thereby alter their chemical effect on the catalyzed substance. The interaction may cause changes in the electronic or crystal structures of the active solid component. Commonly used promoters are metallic ions incorporated into metals and metallic oxide catalysts, reducing and oxidizing gases or liquids, and acids and bases added during the reaction or to the catalysts before being used.
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text:
This "acting Governor-General" is known as the Administrator of the Government.
First in line of succession is the Chief Justice, followed by the next most senior member of the New Zealand judiciary.
The Letters Patent provide for an order of succession if:
- the Office of Governor-General is vacant
- the Governor-General is incapacitated
- the Governor-General is outside the country
- the Governor-General is unable to perform her duties.
The Administrator is required to take an oath similar to the Governor-General and may exercise all of the powers of the Governor-General.


text:
The shortage of affordable homes for local people can be a significant factor in the decline of rural facilities and services. Housing costs have soared and incomes have not kept pace with this increase.
In many areas of Devon the cost of an entry level home is more than 9 times the average income. This means that local people are often forced to leave their community to find a home they can afford. This affects people of all ages, from adult children wishing to leave home to young, growing families and older people who may wish to move to a smaller, more manageable property.
Devon Communities Together is a member of The Devon Rural Housing Partnership, a group of Local Authorities and Housing Associations working within Devon. The partnership has the combined skills to research the housing needs of communities and to work with those communities to deliver high quality, affordable housing in ways that are sympathetic to the particular needs of the community.
Our Rural Housing Team has developed a tried and tested process of working closely with our partners and rural communities to deliver affordable housing. We have a programme of work with our local authorities to carry out housing need surveys and community consultation, developing strong partnerships that will increase the provision of rural, affordable homes for local people in Devon.
Our clients include Parish and Town Councils, Housing Associations, Local Authorities, Community Land Trusts, self-build groups, landowners and private developers.
Housing needs surveys
Housing need surveys are undertaken in communities to establish the level and nature of current and future housing need. This can identify the number of households that need to downsize, upsize, or simply need additional housing and can lead to influencing new housing provision in area, often specifically for people with a local connection to that parish.
Click here for more information on Housing Needs Surveys.
Commission the Rural Housing Team
Our Rural Housing Enablers, Lesley Nel, Janice Alexander & Colin Savage, undertake consultancy work in addition to the programmes of work undertaken for our Local Authority and Registered Provider partners.
- Housing needs assessments and surveys in and beyond Devon
- Support for Neighbourhood Planning groups on housing issues, particularly consultation and options
- Village site assessments and options appraisals
- Community development/ engagement work
- Training and workshops
- Support to develop a Community Land Trust
- Surveying of older people's housing aspirations and needs
- Bespoke reports on any issue relating to rural affordable housing
Rural Housing Week 2019
In July, the Rural Housing team celebrated Rural Housing week. With the theme of 'Building for Rural Communities' the week focused on how housing associations can build more homes that commit to high/future design and how they improve the quality of their existing homes. The celebratory week featured drop in events and opening events, which included visits from local MPs. You can read more about what the team got up to, below.
Devon Rural Housing Partnership Annual Report: 2018-2019
Read all about the Devon Rural Housing Partnership's achievements, events and updates in the latest annual report!


Generate IPNS id from a universally unique identifier such as an email - is this possible?
It is my understanding that the format of an IPFS hash has many headers in it that define stuff like:
 - which version of the protocol to use
 - which hash algorithm to use
 - which base to use
 - other headers for lengths and other stuff
I understand that a IPNS hash is pretty similar
My question is:
Is it theoretically possible to generate a IPNS hash from a universally unique identifier such as an email?
I suspect that in the existing protocol for an IPNS id, there is some code which creates a random hash. Could we replace that functionality with creating the hash from an email instead?
i.e. is it theoretically possible to pass a universally unique identifier such as an email address, to a function which generates a universally unique IPNS id? If we run the function a second time with the same email it produces the same IPNS - is this possible?
If it is possible does anyone know of any existing code that does that? I prefer Java code but any code is cool.
If this is possible it opens up a lot of possibilities.
Thank you in advance for any help anyone can give.
1 Like
If it existed, any person (read adversary) could generate the same IPNS "hash" and publish messages in your name (!)
What you can do is sign a message containing your email with you IPNS identity, but the IPNS hash will be the central identity.
If you want email to be the central identity, you need to prove that you are owning it. You can send an email with your IPNS identity for exemple.
Thanks for your reply.
What If the input was "email:password" then only people who knew both the email and password could publish messages. Is that correct?
It would be as secure as the password, yes, but how would other people make use of that? They have no way of verifying that the hash is linked to _EMAIL_. Also, anyone can generate a hash with _EMAIL_ + random string with the string supposed to be the password.
Thank you Akita for your time and dealing with possibly super dumb questions.
Can you think of a way to convert:
 namespace:_EMAIL_
to a IPFS cid so that an associated file can be retrieved without knowing the cid up front. Anyone can download the file but only one person can be able to create or update the file.
It was this requirement that made me start thinking about how IPNS cid are created.
Hello,
IPNS keys are random (and tied to a node). When you generate an IPNS key you can pass a key name but it's only a local identifier so that won't help.
Regarding your last question, i understand what you're trying to achieve, let me share my thoughts. If you were to import the content namespace:_EMAIL_ in IPFS, you'll get a unique CID (assuming you always use the same hash algo), and then anyone on the network can check that someone added this email (you just need to compute the hash corresponding to this email, by using ipfs add in hash-only mode, adding the string namespace:email, then fetch this CID). This part works because the email is known and static.
Associating a file to this email will not work because once you associate another CID to this CID, the resulting CID of the file will be unpredictable :slight_smile: (welcome to immutability …). Using a raw DAG doesn't change the problem.
What you can do however, is for example associate a raw DAG to an IPNS key, and store the emails and the associated CIDs in the raw DAG (you could even have a list of CIDs per email). Then people knowing the IPNS key can do ipfs get /ipns/key/_EMAIL_/0. That means you have to communicate the IPNS key/domain. You could also use an OrbitDB database for this.
Good luck.
Thank you very much for your time and answer reload.


Nixon - Name - Sysoon
Nixon - Name
Nixon is on Sysoon. Find the obituaries, grave, funeral notices, cemetery, historical and death records of Nixon and join the bereaved relatives of Nixon [1967-en]
Search for in Sysoon's death records database.
This interesting and popular surname is of medieval English origin. It is a patronymic form of the given name "Nik(ke)", a short form of Nicholas, itself a derivation of the Greek "Nikolaos". This is a compound of the consisting of the elements "nike", meaning 'victory', plus 'laos' - the people. As 'The Victory People' it is not surprising that the name was popular, as this is how the Ancient Greeks saw themselves. The name is found in pre-Conquest England, one 'Nicolaus' being recorded in the 1086 a.d. Domesday Book as holding land before 1066. The surname is first recorded in the early 14th Century (see below) and is also found as Nickson and Nixson, whilst John Nickeson is listed in the Subsidy Rolls of Warwickshire (1332). The surname is widespread on both sides of the Scottish Border, with William Nycson occupying lands in the district of Ermyldoune, in Liddesdale, Scotland, in 1376. William Nykson was one of the "borowis" for the earl of Douglas's 'bounds of the West March' in 1398. Today, the surname is also numerous in Ulster, since it was established in counties Antrim and Fermanagh at the time of the Plantation of Ulster (1609). One of the earliest settlers in the New World was one Mary Nixon, who is recorded as holding five acres of land in the parish of Christ Church, in the Barbados, in 1678. A Coat of Arms granted to the family is gold, on a red chevron between three red leopards' faces, three suns in splendour proper. The Crest is that of a leopard rampant guardant proper. The first recorded spelling of the family name is shown to be that of Robert Nikkesune, which was dated 1309, in the "Records of the Borough of Nottingham", during the reign of King Edward 11, known as "Edward of Caernafon", 1307 - 1327. Surnames became necessary when governments introduced personal taxation. In England this was known as Poll Tax. Throughout the centuries, surnames in every country have continued to "develop" often leading to astonishing variants of the original spelling.
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Soundex code for Nixon is: N250 | Reversed: noxiN
Length of name: 5 characters
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text:
FAQ: "Our customer has an accessory to do measurements with transparent preforms. My question is how I must to measure dark transparent preforms? On clear preforms, measurement data looks good. However, we could use some advice on darker colors, particularly amber."
The images you sent show that the amber preform is held in our D01-1011-833 Adjustable Preform or Cylinder Holder accessory.
Measuring clear, lighter preforms is fine but amber preforms offer a special challenge as the intention of the amber colorant is to absorb all light in order to protect the blown bottle contents. The same statement can apply to very dark green and blue preforms.
While the pulsed xenon lamp in our HunterLab sphere instruments is very powerful and will blast through most materials, the amber preform sample is a challenge.
In general if you can hold a preform up to a light and see detail on the other side of the preform, HunterLab sphere instruments should be able to measure usable color signal from the whole transparent preform measured in the holder.
For amber preforms, here is how we approach measurement of amber preforms:
- You first mount the D02-1011-833 Adjustable Transmission Preform or Cylinder Holder in the transmission compartment in one of our HunterLab sphere sensors.
- You then standardize the instrument with the first step being to set 0% transmission as the bottom-of-scale using the Light Blocker.
- Then you set top-of-scale with the white tile used to fill in the reflectance port and Air as a reference for 100% transmission.
- If you insert a whole preform into the holder and take a reading, the Y D65/10 transmission value should be > 10% to have a useable color signal. A Y transmission value is equivalent to L* D65/10 value of approximately 40 (L* is calculated directly from Y). It's not that you can't measure less than this, but remembering that a blocked detector or perfect black is 0 if your whole preform is measuring below Y = 10/L* = 40, your signal is very low down in the dark and murky, and it is difficult to separate lot differences when you are measuring so low.
- If Y < 10/L* < 40, one alternative to raise the signal is to cut the preform in half resulting in a thinner sample path length. Just cut down the tube to above the threads and measure a single wall cut-out of the preform. See if the signal is high enough in this form.
- A further alternative is to blow the preform into a test bottle and measure through the bottle or make a single wall cut-out of the bottle and measure that. This form, will have high enough signal strength to differentiate lots. However, it requires more sample preparation time.


There is a need to revise existing design methods for stormwater pollutant treatment, flow transport and detention facilities. The aim is to increase the accuracy in predicting the performance compared with design only based upon areal and volumetric functions and to optimize design by considering more site-specific data, receiving water quality criteria and forecasted climate effects. During the latest years, flow proportional concentration data from in- and outlets from wet ponds and constructed wetlands, have been compiled. Furthermore, other kind of data from the specific facilities have been compiled, such as areas, volumes, proportion of vegetation, outlet design details and length:width ratio. The parameters are used to revise design methods and are implemented in the operative stormwater and recipient software model StormTac. Design criteria and parameters for calculating design flow and sizing required detention volume are also presented. The climate effects on some of the studied parameters, e.g. design flow and inlet concentration, are discussed. The paper presents the climate factor based upon the hypothesis that it is a function of the design rain duration and reoccurrence time.


text: Elijah McCoy (May 2, 1844 – October 10, 1929) patented the Lubricator Attachment for steam engine trains on April 19, 1887. This invention greatly changed the locomotive industry by allowing trains to be oiled while in motion. Prior to this invention, trains had to be completely shut down for oil maintenance. This invention saved the train industry a lot of time and money. McCoy patented 57 inventions primarily associated with the locomotive industry. Some of those patents not associated with the locomotive industry were for a lawn sprinkler, ironing board, design for a rubber shoe heel, a buggy top support and tread for tires. McCoy also established his own company (Elijah McCoy Manufacturing Company).


text:
Household projections are key components of analyses of several issues of social concern, including the welfare of the elderly, housing, and environmentally significant consumption patterns. Researchers or policy makers that use such projections need appropriate representations of uncertainty in order to inform their analyses. However, the weaknesses of the traditional approach of providing alternative variants to single ''best guess'' projection are magnified in household projections, which have many output variables of interest, and many input variables beyond fertility, mortality, and migration. We review current methods of household projections and the potential for using them to produce probabilistic projections, which would address many of these weaknesses. We then propose a new framework for a household projection method of intermediate complexity that we believe is a good candidate for providing a basis for further development of probabilistic household projections. An extension of the traditional headship rate approach, this method is based on modelling changes in headship rates decomposed by household size as a function of variables describing demographic events such as parity specific fertility, union formation and dissolution, and leaving home. It has moderate data requirements, manageable complexity, allows for direct specification of demographic events, and produces output that includes the most important household characteristics for many applications. An illustration of how such a model might be constructed, using data on the U.S. and China over the past several decades, demonstrates the viability of the approach.
"Toward a New Model for Probabilistic Household Forecasts." Internat. Statist. Rev. 72 (1) 51 - 64, April 2004.


'kbd -i' to change the current setting. Valid settings for this value are the values enable and disable. Other values are ignored. If the variable is not specified in the default file, the setting is unchanged. OPTIONS -i Set keyboard defaults from the keyboard default file. This option is mutually exclusive with all other options except for the -d keyboard device option. This option instructs the keyboard command to read and process keyclick and keyboard abort default values from the /etc/default/kbd file. This option can only be used by the superuser. Reset the keyboard as if power-up. Return the type of the keyboard being used. On/Off state Turn the clicking of the keyboard on or off. Enable/Disable state; Enable or disable the keyboard abort sequence effect.
-r -t -c -a
Monitoring Performance
This chapter describes procedures for monitoring system performance by using the vmstat, iostat, df, and sar commands. This is a list of the step-by-step instructions in this chapter. How to Display Virtual Memory Statistics (vmstat) The following example shows the vmstat display of statistics gathered at five-second intervals. $ vmstat 5 procs memory page disk faults cpu r b w swap free re mf pi po fr de sr f0 s3 -- -- in sy cs us sy id 0 0 8 28312 668 0 9 2 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 10 61 82 1 2 97 0 0 3 31940 248 0 10 20 0 26 0 27 0 4 0 0 53 189 191 6 6 88 0 0 3 32080 288 3 19 49 6 26 0 15 0 9 0 0 75 415 277 6 15 79 0 0 3 32080 256 0 26 20 6 21 0 12 1 6 0 0 163 110 138 1 3 96 0 1 3 32060 256 3 45 52 28 61 0 27 5 12 0 0 195 191 223 7 11 82 0 0 3 32056 260 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 52 84 0 1 99 Category Field Name Description
procs r b w memory swap free page re mf pi po fr de sr disk faults in sy cs cpu us sy id
Reports the following states: The number of kernel threads in the dispatch queue Blocked kernel threads waiting for resources Swapped out LWPs waiting for processing resources to finish Reports on usage of real and virtual memory: Available swap space Size of the free list Reports on page faults and paging activity, in units per second: Pages reclaimed Minor and major faults Kbytes paged in Kbytes paged out Kbytes freed Anticipated memory needed by recently swapped-in processes Pages scanned by page daemon (not currently in use). If sr does not equal zero, the page daemon has been running. Reports the number of disk operations per second, showing data on up to four disks Reports the trap/interrupt rates (per second): Interrupts per second System calls per second CPU context switch rate Reports on the use of CPU time: User time System time Idle time
How to Display System Event Information Run vmstat -s to show the total of various system events that have taken place since the system was last booted. 0 swap ins 0 swap outs 0 pages swapped in 0 pages swapped out 409376480 total address trans. faults taken
_PHONE_ page ins _PHONE_ page outs _PHONE_ pages paged in _PHONE_ pages paged out _PHONE_ total reclaims _PHONE_ reclaims from free list 0 micro (hat) faults 409376480 minor (as) faults _PHONE_ major faults 102738273 copy-on-write faults 61711047 zero fill page faults _PHONE_ pages examined by the clock daemon 7881 revolutions of the clock hand _PHONE_ pages freed by the clock daemon _PHONE_ forks _PHONE_ vforks _PHONE_ execs 741660225 cpu context switches 736047593 device interrupts 528054538 traps _PHONE_ system calls 430283487 total name lookups (cache hits 95%) 81727 toolong _PHONE_ user cpu _PHONE_ system cpu 443762786 idle cpu _PHONE_ wait cpu How to Display Swapping Statistics Run vmstat -S to show swapping statistics. procs memory page disk faults cpu r b w swap free si so pi po fr de sr m1 m3 m4 m5 in sy cs us sy id 0 0 0 8512 888 0 0 12 21 55 0 417 1 0 0 0 _PHONE_ 308 2 2 96 si = Average number of LWPs swapped in per second so = Number of whole processes swapped out How to Display Disk Utilization Information (iostat) You can display disk activity information by using the iostat command with a time interval. The following example shows disk statistics gathered every five seconds. iostat 5
tty md1 md3 md4 md5 cpu tin tout kps tps serv kps tps serv kps tps serv kps tps serv us sy wt id 0 2 10 1 28 2 0 22 0 0 0 1 0 10 2 2 3 92 0 47 58 7 39 16 2 34 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 19 78 0 16 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 98 0 16 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 99 0 16 2 0 22 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 3 1 95 0 24 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 98 For Each ... Terminal tin tout Disk bps tps serv CPU us sy wt id In user mode In system mode Waiting for I/O Idle Blocks per second Transactions per second Average service time, in milliseconds Number of characters in the terminal input queue Number of characters in the terminal output queue Field Name Description
How to Display Extended Disk Statistics Run iostat -xtc to get extended disk statistics. This command displays a line of output for each disk. extended device statistics tty cpu kr/s kw/s wait actv svc_t %w %b tin tout us sy wt id 3.6 6.9 0.0 0.0 27.7 1 1 0 2 2 2 3 92 1.0 1.3 0.0 0.0 21.7 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.9 0 0 6.7 14.2 0.0 0.0 13.1 0 1 1.8 6.8 0.0 0.0 15.5 0 1 1.8 6.8 0.0 0.0 14.8 0 1 0.5 1.3 0.0 0.0 11.4 0 0 0.5 1.3 0.0 0.0 10.2 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0
device md1 md3 md4 md5 md8 md10 md11 md30 md31 md40 md41
r/s w/s 0.4 0.9 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.3 0.2 0.9 0.2 0.9 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
md50 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.4 0 0 md51 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.3 0 0 md80 0.4 0.3 3.3 14.2 0.0 0.0 10.3 0 0 md81 0.4 0.3 3.3 14.2 0.0 0.0 11.7 0 1 sd0 0.6 2.1 6.0 22.8 0.0 0.0 16.3 0 3 sd1 0.6 2.1 6.0 22.8 0.0 0.0 15.2 0 2 Field Name Description r/s w/s Kr/s Kw/s wait actv svc_t %w %b Reads per second Writes per second Kbytes read per second Kbytes written per second Average number of transactions waiting for service (queue length) Average number of transactions actively being serviced Average service time, in milliseconds Percentage of time the queue is not empty Percentage of time the disk is busy
How to Check CPU Utilization (sar) Display CPU utilization with the sar -u command. (The sar command without any options is equivalent to sar -u.) At any given moment, the processor is either busy or idle. When busy, the processor is in either user or system mode. When idle, the processor is either waiting for I/O completion or "sitting still" with no work to do. Measure CPU utilization during 5 secs one time. sar -u 5 1 Measure CPU utilization during 60 secs 1440 times and write result in file sar.log. sar -u -o sar.log 60 1440 To later review disk and tape activity from that period: sar -d -f sar.log Field Name %sys %user Description Lists the percentage of time that the processor is in system mode Lists the percentage of time that the processor is in user mode
%wio %


What does 'USPS Awaiting Delivery Scan' Mean? Briefly Explained (2021)
What does USPS awaiting delivery scan mean? In this article, I'll explain what is meant by this message of USPS and what you have to do in this case. USPS use scanners to follow/track the progress of each package, that if it is delivered or not! If it says "awaiting delivery scan," that means it […]


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Motivated by Hardness proof of EVEN-ODD PARTITION post I came up with a string version.
String even-odd partition
INPUT: $(x_{1,0},x_{1,1}),\dots,(x_{n,0},x_{n,1})$, i.e., $n$ pairs of strings over $\{0,1\}^*$
QUESTION: Does there exist $(b_1,\dots,b_n) \in \{0,1\}^n$ such that $x_{1,b_1} \cdots x_{n,b_n} = x_{1,1-b_1} \cdots x_{n,1-b_n}$?
Equivalently: for each pair, we can either swap the two strings or leave them alone; then we want to know if the concatenation of the left part of each pair can equal the concatenation of the right part of each pair.
Or, in other words, we are trying to partition every pair into two strings to obtain concatenated strings $W_{even} $ and $W_{odd}$ such that $W_{even}= W_{odd}$, where exactly one string from each pair goes to $W_{even}$ and the other goes to $W_{odd}$. The selected strings have to stay in the same order they appear in the input.
It feels like this should be NP-complete by a reduction from even-partition problem but I can't find an explicit reduction; I am having difficulty in representing integers by appropriate strings.
Is there a simple reduction to prove the NP-completeness of this string variant?
This was posted first on CS StackExchange.
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 - $\begingroup$ How about unary? $\endgroup$ – KWillets Jun 11 '17 at 18:36
 - $\begingroup$ @KWillets If the strings are in unary, then a simple dynamic programming approach works in polynomial time. $\endgroup$ – Mikhail Rudoy Jun 14 '17 at 7:12
 - $\begingroup$ Do you know the answer for "classic" partition where you simply have a string set $S$ and you want a partition $S_1,S_2$ and an order on $S_1$ and $S_2$ such that the concatenation of $S_1$ equals the concatenation of $S_2$? It might be easier to reduce to this, and if the "classic" problem is not hard, neither is yours. $\endgroup$ – R B Jun 26 '17 at 18:03
 - $\begingroup$ @RB No. Your version of partition appears to be hard. $\endgroup$ – Mohammad Al-Turkistany Jun 29 '17 at 5:24
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It is possible to reduce from the "unshuffling a string" problem: given a string $w \in \Sigma^*$, decide whether $w$ is a shuffle square, i.e. $w$ is in the shuffle product of two identical strings. This problem is proved to be NP-complete for alphabet of size at least nine, see this question for references and discussion.
Here, for two strings $u$ and $v$ the shuffle product is defined as the set of all $w = u_1 v_1 \ldots u_i v_i$ for each representation $u = u_1 \ldots u_k$ and $v = v_1 \ldots v_k$ with $u_i, v_i \in \Sigma^*$ (i.e. $u_i$ and $v_i$ are strings, not letters).
The reduction is easy: given $w = a_1 \ldots a_n$, $a_i \in \Sigma$, take $x_{i, 0} = a_i$ and $x_{i, 1} = \epsilon$, where $\epsilon$ is the empty string. Then the answer in your problem (with alphabet of size nine) is YES if and only if $w$ is a shuffle square.
Finally, use an arbitrary prefix-free binary encoding of $\Sigma$, thus getting a reduction for the binary case.
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 $\begingroup$ Also the case in which we don't allow the $\epsilon$ seems interesting (the strings are from $\{0,1\}^+$) ... I don't see a quick fix for the reduction for this case. $\endgroup$ – Marzio De Biasi Sep 5 '17 at 7:25
 - $\begingroup$ While the wording of the problem allows empty strings, the interesting cases (as pointed out by Marzio) occur when both $x_{i, 0}$ and $x_{i, 1}$ are not equal to $\epsilon$. $\endgroup$ – Mohammad Al-Turkistany Sep 7 '17 at 12:53
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Difference between revisions of "Partial Panoramas using ROI in PTViewer"
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Revision as of 17:39, 8 December 2007
If you have a panorama that is not fully 360�x180�, and you still want to use PTViewer to immerse your audience into your panorama, there are a few methods to do that.
You can expand your Panorama with blank space around, and use the normal way of displaying a panorama in PTViewer. The disadvantage of this is that if you put this picture online, the download times can be significantly longer because of all the blank space.
To avoid this, it is possible to use a Region Of Interest picture (ROI) to display the panorama. This will only download the partial panorama. We will have to tell PTViewer where to place the picture, and how far the user may pan left and right, and how much they can tilt up and down.
Note this is not an explanation of the syntax of PTViewer, rather a tutorial on how to calculate the different parameters. For the syntax on PTViewer you can visit : PTViewer Documentation
From the ROI picture we need to get some basic information :
- Width in pixels (ROI Width) 800 px
- Height in pixels (ROI Height) 541 px
- Position of the horizon from the top of the picture (Horizon pos) 227 px
The picture must have equirectangular projection
From the stitcher we should be able to get the Horizontal Field of View (HFOV). In this case 160�
From these 4 numbers we should be able to calculate the parameters necessary for PTViewer to display a partial panorama.
Calculating the parameters for PTViewer
Since we know the ROI Width of the picture as well as the Horizontal Field of View (HFOV), we can calculate the field of view for 1 pixel. In this case
160� / 800 pixels = 0.2�/px
We need this number to convert from pixels to degrees and vice versa. You need an accuracy of a couple of decimals otherwise it won't work.
The objective is to place the ROI picture inside the 360�x180� panorama with the horizon in the ROI image over the horizontal 0� line of the pano, and the middle of the ROI image in the middle of the panorama.
pwidth and pheight
To do that we first need to calculate the total size of the panorama image, of which the ROI image is a part of. The calculation is done by using the number of degrees per pixel. Since we know the degrees, we can calculate the number of pixels.
Panorama Width (Pwidth) = 360� / 0.2�/px = 1800 px Panorama Height (Pheigth) = 180� / 0.2/px = 900 px
x and y insertion point
To calculate the x and y position of the insertion point (the point where the picture needs to be placed) we can take half of the panorama height and subtracting the horizon position in the ROI.
Y position of the insertion point = 900px/2 � 227px = 223px
Similarly we can calculate the x offset. In most circumstances, you either don�t know, or don�t care about the direction the picture was taken. In that case it is good practice to place the ROI in the middle of the large pano where 0� is the middle of the picture. You can do this by taking half of the total panorama width and subtracting half the size of the picture
X position of the insertion point = 1800px/2 � 800px/2 = 500 px
panmin, panmax, tiltmin and tiltmax
To limit the freedom the user has in moving around your pano, you want to restrict the pan and tilt angles. To calculate this is relatively easy with the information we have gathered above. The pan and tilt angles are calculated in degrees.
Because the ROI is horizontally in the middle, you may pan half the width of the image to the left and right, converted to degrees.
Minimum pan = -800px/2 * 0.2�/px = -80� Maximum pan = 800px/2 * 0.2�/px = 80�
The minimum tilt is calculated as the height of the ROI minus the position of the horizon, converted to degrees.
Minimum tilt = -(541px � 227px) * 0.2�/px = -62.8� => -62�
The maximum tilt is calculated as the position of the horizon, converted to degrees.
Maximum tilt = 227px * 0.2�/px = 45.4� => 45�
Because ptviewer does not take fractions of degrees, you throw away the fraction.
Using these numbers in PTViewer should give you a good partial panorama. If you see blank space at the edges of the panorama, you may want to make a 1 degree change to the minimum and maximum pan and tilt untill it does not show up anymore.
To see how these calculations translate in HTML code, the above sample could result in the following HTML code :

If all these computations give you a headache, you can use the following form. Just input your data and it will generate the applet HTML code with all the correct parameters. Enjoy!


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"A carrier pigeon" 22 Leo
This symbol is illuminated 10:43 PM EDT Aug. 13 (2:43 AM GMT, Aug. 14)
Inspiration: Human closeness is not a measure of proximity, therefore, send your love.
Today: Messages are suggested when the carrier pigeon is illuminated. However, there are two core dynamics in messaging: sending and receiving.
Consider that sending a message may be an action that many could improve upon. For example, if a thought, sentiment, or general care belongs with another, then like a carrier pigeon it will find its way home. Imagine tender thoughts from another landing on your shoulder like a well-fed pigeon!
The carrier pigeon says, if it belongs to you, it will return. By the same token, if it belongs to someone else, it is futile and withholding to keep the pigeon caged away from its home.


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|PL/SQL User's Guide and Reference
10g Release 1 (10.1)
Part Number B10807-01
return_value := SCN_TO_TIMESTAMP(number);
SCN_TO_TIMESTAMP takes an argument that represents a system change number (SCN) and returns the timestamp associated with that SCN. The returned value has the datatype
This function is part of the flashback query feature. System change numbers provide a precise way to specify the database state at a moment in time, so that you can see the data as it was at that moment.
Call this function to find out the date and time associated with an SCN that you have stored to use with flashback query.
DECLARE right_now TIMESTAMP; yesterday TIMESTAMP; sometime TIMESTAMP; scn1 INTEGER; scn2 INTEGER; scn3 INTEGER; BEGIN -- Get the current SCN. right_now := SYSTIMESTAMP; scn1 := TIMESTAMP_TO_SCN(right_now); dbms_output.put_line('Current SCN is'|| scn1); -- Get the SCN from exactly 1 day ago. yesterday := right_now - 1; scn2 := TIMESTAMP_TO_SCN(yesterday); dbms_output.put_line('SCN from yesterday is'|| scn2); -- Find an arbitrary SCN somewhere between yesterday and today. -- (In a real program we would have stored the SCN at some significant moment.) scn3 := (scn1 + scn2) / 2; -- Find out what time that SCN was in effect. sometime := SCN_TO_TIMESTAMP(scn3); dbms_output.put_line('SCN'|| scn3 ||'was in effect at'|| TO_CHAR(sometime)); END; /


|K$, and $q$ is the residual cardinality of $K$.
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This is a nice formula! I hadn't seen it before. What happens if you count them up to isomorphism? Perhaps something similar to the groupoid count mentioned by MS comes up? – Minhyong Kim May 12 '10 at 21:29
Serre's formula is valid for all degrees, not just degree $p$. People such as Hou and Keating (2004) have been counting them up to isomorphism, but this gets very complicated already for degree $p^2$. Manjul Bhargava has some nice formulas for counting all etale $K$-algberas of a given degree, which he uses to count the number of quartic or quintic number fields of bounded discriminant. By the way, if you are interested in an elementary proof in the degree-$p$ case, see (some people will never miss an opportunity for self-promotion). – Chandan Singh Dalawat May 13 '10 at 1:52
For the formula in degee n, see this answer…. And yes, Bhargava's formula does have Card Aut $E$ in the denominator. – Chandan Singh Dalawat May 13 '10 at 3:32
An example:
In homotopy theory, it is useful to consider the homotopy groups of spaces. These are isomorphism classes of maps $S^n\to X$.
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Consider a non trivial vector bundle on $S^1$ of rank 1. All its fibers are isomorphic as vector spaces, but if you simply identify them you have no way of dealing with the global structure, e.g. monodromy etc.
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text: Long-term sediment accumulation in the lake reduced the average depth of the lake from 8 feet in 1903 to 2.6 feet in 1985, which resulted in the deterioration of aquatic habitats and recreational areas in the lake. A detailed hydraulic analysis was needed to evaluate the feasibility creating islands in Peoria Lake. The major hydraulic considerations include determining the optimum locations for the islands in terms of minimizing the sedimentation rates around the islands. A hydraulic study was conducted to investigate the best locations for constructing islands in the lake. The study made use of the one-dimensional HEC-6 sediment transport model and the two-dimensional TABS-2 hydrodynamic model. Field data were also collected to establish existing lake-bottom profiles and velocity distributions at selected locations.


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If baseball were played on Mars, the balls would fly much farther than they do on Earth. One could then speculate that the number of home runs hit would be much greater on Mars. Mike expects that he would hit 50% more home runs if he were playing baseball on Mars. If he hit 76 homers on Earth, how many home runs does he expect he would hit on Mars?
If Mike thinks he will hit 50% more, this means he will hit the same number of homers he hit on Earth (76) plus half (50%) of that same number. The total number could be represented as one and a half of 76 or 150% of 76.
You can find what number is half of 76 and then add this to 76 to find Mike's predicted number of home runs on Mars.


Time for the third installment of the Mock Latin series!
Omnium gatherum ~ So technically, this one is only partly "mock." 😉 Omnium is indeed a Latin word for "of all things." Kind of like miscellaneous. In the 1520s (this one is OLD!), people came up with the humorous addition of gatherum to put with it, just from the English "gather." So of course if you gather all things, you end up with a motley collection, which is exactly what this phrase means. =)
Harum-scarum ~ This phrase actually originated in the 1670s as harum-starum. The harum part is taken from the verb "to harry or harrass," and then the scarum was added mostly just to rhyme. The -um endings are abbreviations of "them," the whole phrase meant to be a humurous mock-Latin that would quite literally mean "to harrass and scare them."
Two installments left in my Mock series!


For eye care professionals
Measure the Difference with Visioffice X
08 April 2020
Measuring your patients' vision is the very core of your optical practice, so it's important that it is done to a high standard.
Measuring your patients' vision is the very core of your optical practice, so it's important that it is done to a high standard. Visioffice X is a measuring system that can do so much more for your practice, offering a chance to reinvent the patient experience. Creating a more engaging visit to the optician, a routine eye examination can suddenly become much more interesting thanks to installing Visioffice X.
Advanced technology in the optical industry can make it much easier for you to dispense the right lenses, based on patients' individual needs. Considering a device like Visioffice X could bring a number of benefits to your practice, both for you as the optician carrying out the measurements, and the patient.
Interactive process
Visioffice X includes the patient in the measuring process, allowing them to play an active part in the examination. This encourages each patient to be more involved in understanding their eye health and current vision capabilities.
With visual and audio guidance, the patient is guided through the process alongside the optician. Through this, Visioffice X can deliver greater analysis and understanding both for the patient and for you, where previously they may not have understood the impact of their behaviour on what lenses are best suited.
This can create a greater appreciation for the eye measuring process.
Improved accuracy
Visioffice X has been designed with multiple cameras in order to provide heightened precision, offering a measuring system like no other. With an accuracy of 1/10 of a degree, the device can offer incredibly precise results.
Markers on the frames, worn by the patient during the process, allow for further analysis of the patient's natural posture, taking into account natural behaviour during the measurement process.
As each eye is unique, Visioffice X allows you to measure each eye separately, which makes a big difference in achieving accurate and relevant results to dispense the right lenses.
Personalised service
The ability to measure patients' vision so accurately means that each patient walking into your practice receives a completely personalised service. Providing measurements and advice tailored to their specific behaviour and needs, Visioffice X helps you to recommend lenses based on precise results.
This can help you to deliver optimal visual comfort for your patients, confident in the knowledge you have provided them with lenses that suit their exact vision requirements.
Patient loyalty
In the long run, Visioffice X can offer an impressive service to your patients, transforming their experience in visiting an optician. In turn, they will be more receptive to your advice thanks to a better understanding of the process. What's more, they may be more likely to come back to you for future examinations and other services.
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TideLog Posts Tagged "sensor"
As I mentioned in THIS PREVIOUS POST, the electronic accelerator pedal position sensor on Volvo's B7R coach, B7RLE low entry city bus version and their B9TL double decker can go faulty. This will result in the Engine ECU reducing the engine speed to safe mode, or limp home mode. The sensor is actually a big potentiometer that is adjusted. The more you press the pedal, the resistance increases, so the engine ECU knows how much to increase engine speed, and as you'll know from those radios and other goods that use pots for volume controls, they go bad after so long, and start to become intermittent.
The pedal potentiometer is connected to the Vehicle ECU (VECU). The VECU converts the resistance value from the potentiometer into a percentage value, and sends it to the Engine ECU, which in turn adjusts the engine speed by increasing air and fuel intake amongst other things, while sending data to the Transmission ECU (TECU) about the engine speed so it can adjust gears, or operate the retarder (engine brake) etc. As I mentioned in the other post, the accelerator pedal potentiometer is connected to the VECU via two hard-drawn signals, one digital (IVS) and one analogue. The analogue signal is generated by the pedal's potentiometer and the digital by an engine idling switch. If a fault occurs in the potentiometer, the digital signal takes over only allowing the bus to reach a certain speed, so that the vehicle can be moved (known as Limp-home). The digital (IVS) signal enters via a port in the VECU, which in turn is connected to the body contact block (BB1:1).
Here I'll show you how to replace the potentiometer, as I did it a few days ago on my favourite B7RLE of Rikku's fleet! The CHECK light came on with the "Check diagnostics for Engine ECU at next stop" message, it wasn't accelerating smoothly. The turbo gauge wasn't moving either, it all felt like the engine was in a deep sleep and didn't want to move the bus!
As I discussed in my last article about the sensor, both pedal sensor and turbo failure can generate the same symptoms, causing limp home mode (Rikku calls it sleepy snail mode!) with the CHECK light and "Check Diagnostics for Engine ECU" message in the info panel. Thereby make sure you fully investigate all possible causes by reading ECU fault codes using VCADS Pro, and checking wiring.
Once you have verified the fault, and determined the pedal sensor is definitely at fault, it's time to replace the sensor.
1. Remove the drivers seat. This isn't ultimately necessary, but I found it made more workroom than just adjusting the seat as far back as its rails would allow. The removal of the seat depends on the seat itself, as different B7R's and B7RLE's have different seats, depending on the body and option configuration. If you're not sure how to remove it, just make it go back as far as possible.
2. Make sure the engine is switched fully off, and that the ignition switch is in position 0. Disconnect the bus electrical system.
3. Locate the pedals (duh!), don't forget that the right pedal is the accelerator pedal, the one we need! Remove the floor mat, or move it aside:
4. Remove the 3 bolts holding the pedal assembly to the bus floor, placing them safely aside, below is the location of the fixing bolts:
5. Move the accelerator pedal to the side and remove the cable clamp (1). Remove the connector (2). Remove the accelerator pedal sensor potentiometer screws (3) as numbered and shown below. Remove the sensor.
You shouldn't need to remove the second cable mounting clamp with screw seen in the image, unless the sensor supply cable needs to be replaced. This runs under the bus chassis up to the Vehicle ECU, and is joined in various places depending on the bus, wiring and body, as the signals go from the VECU to the EECU and TECU.
6. Fit the new sensor, and mount it, making sure it fits back exactly in the same position as the old one, with the wiring connector facing downwards. Refit the pedal with the 3 bolts, and perform a hand test. Press the pedal with your hand and make sure it is smooth. Refit the floor carpet, and driver's seat, if you completely removed it for workspace. If not simply slide it back into driving position and make sure the seat adjustment rails lock in place when the adjustment lever is released.
7. Switch the bus electrical system back on, start the engine, and perform a rev test with the gearbox in Park or Neutral (the B7R coach is manual, the B7RLE city bus version is often auto), pressing and releasing the pedal. Watch your revs and listen to the engine. If the CHECK light illuminates and/or any Check Diagnostics messages appear in the infodisplay, perform testing on other areas. There could be signal loss between control units and wiring.
8. Perform the VCADS-test: 27102–3 Accelerator pedal, test with your diagnostic PC connected to the electrical system of the bus.
9. If the standstill rev test and VCADS tests were successful, take the bus for a test drive, varying your pressure on the pedal. When I'm on a test track I like to thrust the pedal up and down to make sure the system and engine reacts, being gentle then rough, but DO NOT do this on public roads!
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HSPHERE: When Do I Pay?
Upon the account activation, a new billing period opens. It determines how far in advance recurrent fees for billing period resources are prepaid. Accounting for such resources as traffic, disk usage, MySQL and PGSQL quotas is determined not by billing periods as it is for the rest resources, but by a billing month. It equals the number of days in the billing period divided by billing period duration in months.
A new billing period/month opens:
- when your account is activated upon signup or moderation
- when the previous billing period closes
- when the previous billing month closes (valid only for billing month)
- when you change to billing period shorter than the time elapsed from the begining of a current one
- when your start billing date is changed by admin.
Changing Billing Period
Your hosting plan may be configured to allow you to switch between billing periods of different length, price and discount policies. To change your billing period, go to Account - > Quick Access and click the Change icon next to Billing Period in the Statistics section. You will be taken to the page with a drop-down box that lists all the billing periods you can switch between.
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Transformer Rating is expressed in | Electrical Transformer MCQ#3
Transformer rating is expressed in:
 1. amps
 2. kilovolt-amps (kVA)
 3. volts
 4. watts
Correct answer: 2. kVA or kilovolt-amps
Explanation – Why Transformer Rating is expressed in kVA
The actual power factor is determined by the load. The kVA is the unit of apparent power which is defined as the product of voltage and the current flowing through the load. The kVA is the actual power that appears to be supplied (ignoring the phase angle).
More MCQ on transformers:
 1. The No-load current of Transformer is usually what percent of its full load
 2. What will happen if DC is supplied to the transformer
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text:
Powered by Science
Funded by NSF, the Powered by Science project is a serious game designed as a useful classroom tool for supporting instruction in science, math, and reading comprehension. The SGES game challenges students in seven regionally prominent energy sources built around fictional cities. The final application will be built for desktop computers and tablet mobile devices.
The game includes an instructional management tool that gives the teacher the ability to set which energy sources and which cities the students investigate, and in what order. This allows the teacher to prioritize instruction to the relevancy of the students' environment or a topic that is new to the student. Additionally the SGES teacher management tool provides classroom management in the form of "rostering" and "grade-booking" tools for the teacher to support assessment of the students' time on task, progress, and skill development. Teachers can produce reports (grade books) on individual students or an entire class.


text:
Please refer to the guidelines outlined in this article before submitting Lightroom presets to GraphicRiver.
- Lightroom preset packs should contain no more than 50 presets
- Submissions must include presets that work with Lightroom 4. However, you can submit Lightroom 3 versions along with the Lightroom 4 compatible presets.
- All Lightroom presets must be saved as.lrtemplate files.
To meet our minimum requirements for documentation, your file must include:
- A list of all the presets included in the ﬁle with the following information:
- The preset name.
- The ﬁle type the preset was designed to be used with. There can be more than one ﬁle type. A few example ﬁle types are RAW, DNG, JPG, and PNG.
- Some presets will not work well with certain types of pictures (overor underexposed, no background, etc.). You should document these picture types with each preset when applicable.
- The version(s) of Lightroom the preset can be used with.
- Version Notes with the following information:
- Date of version release
- Updates included in the release
- Version history
List the compatible file types as well as known picture types that your preset may not work well with, for example, overexposed, underexposed, or no background.