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Individual differences |
Methods | Statistics | Clinical | Educational | Industrial | Professional items | World psychology |
Richard Freiherr von Krafft-Ebing (August 14 1840 – December 22 1902) was an Austro-German psychiatrist who wrote Psychopathia Sexualis (1886), a famous study of sexual perversity, and remains well-known for his coinage of the term sadism (after the Marquis de Sade). He also coined the term masochism using the name of a contemporary writer, Leopold von Sacher-Masoch, whose partially autobiographical novel Venus in Furs tells of the protagonist's desire to be whipped and enslaved by a beautiful woman.
Krafft-Ebing was born in Mannheim, Baden, Germany, educated in Prague, Austria-Hungary (now in the Czech Republic), and studied medicine at the University of Heidelberg.
After Krafft-Ebing graduated in medicine and finished his specialisation in psychiatry, he worked in several asylums, but he soon felt that the way those institutions worked deceived him and decided to become an educator. He became a professor at Strasbourg, Graz and Vienna, and also a forensic expert at the Austrian capital. He was a popularizer of psychiatry, giving public lectures on the subject as well as theatrical demonstrations of the power of hypnotism.
Krafft-Ebing wrote and published several articles on psychiatry, but his book Psychopathia Sexualis ("Psychopathy of Sex"), became his best-known work. He wrote the book, intended as a forensic reference for doctors and judges, in high academic tone and in the introduction noted that he had "delibrately chosen a scientific term for the name of the book to discourage lay readers". He also wrote "sections of the book in Latin for the same purpose". Despite this, the book was highly popular with lay readers and it went through many printings and translations.
In the first edition of PS in 1886, Krafft-Ebing divided sexual deviance into four categories:
- paradoxia, sexual desire at the wrong time of life, i.e. childhood or old age
- anesthesia, insufficient desire
- hyperesthesia, excessive desire
- paraesthesia, sexual desire for the wrong goal or object. This included homosexuality (or "contrary sexual desire"), sexual fetishism, sadism, masochism, pederasty and so on.
Krafft-Ebing believed that the purpose of sexual desire was procreation, and any form of desire that didn't go towards that ultimate goal was a perversion. Rape, for instance, was an aberrant act, but not a perversion, since pregnancy could result.
Krafft-Ebing saw women as basically sexually passive, and recorded no female sadists or fetishists in his case studies. Behaviour that would be classified as masochism in men was categorized as "sexual bondage" in women, which was not a perversion, again because such behaviour did not interfere with procreation.
After interviewing many homosexuals, both as his private patients and as a forensic expert, and reading some works in favour of gay rights (male homosexuality had become a criminal offence in Germany and the Austro-Hungarian Empire by that time; unlike lesbianism, but discrimination against lesbians functioned equally), Krafft-Ebing reached the conclusion that both male and female homosexuals did not suffer from mental illness or perversion (as persistent popular belief held), and became interested in the study of the subject.
Krafft-Ebing elaborated an evolutionist theory considering homosexuality as an anomalous process developed during the gestation of the embryo and fetus, evolving into a sexual inversion of the brain. Some years later, in 1901, he corrected himself in an article published in the Jahrbuch für sexuelle Zwischenstufen, changing the term anomaly to differentiation. But his final conclusions remained forgotten for years, partly because Sigmund Freud's theories captivated the attention of those that considered homosexuality a psychological problem (the majority at the time), and partly because Krafft-Ebing had incurred some enmity from the Austrian Catholic church by associating the desire for sanctity and martyrdom with hysteria and masochism (besides denying the perversity of homosexuals).
Some years later Krafft-Ebing's theory led other specialists on mental studies to reach the same conclusion and to the study of transgenderism (or transsexuality) as another differentiation correctable by means of surgery (rather than by psychiatry or psychology).
Note that most contemporary psychiatrists no longer consider homosexual practices as pathological (as Krafft-Ebing did in his first studies): partly due to new conceptions, and partly due to Krafft-Ebing's own self-correction.
Trivia about Psychopathia SexualisEdit
- The book reached 12 editions in his lifetime.
- Parts were written in Latin, in its 2nd printing, due to demand for the book by lay-people for (presumably) less than academic purposes. Some publishers translated those passages back into other languages.
- This was one of the first books to study, in a "painstaking" manner, sexual topics such as the importance of clitoral orgasm and female sexual pleasure, consideration of the mental states of sexual offenders in judging their actions, and the first scientific discussion of homosexuality.
- It was for decades an authority on sexual aberrance, and arguably one of the most influential books on human sexuality prior to Freud.
- The author was praised and condemned for the book - praised for opening up a new area of much-needed psychological study, condemned for immorality and justifying perversion.
- ↑ Note regarding personal names: Freiherr is a title, translated as Baron, not a first or middle name. The female forms are Freifrau and Freiin.
- Psychopathia Sexualis (1886), reprinted by Bloat Books, 1999; ISBN 0-_PHONE_-1-8
- Oosterhuis, Harry. Stepchildren of Nature (2000), University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-63059-5
- Baron von Kraft-Ebbing wrote numerous books, including:
- Die Melancholie: Eine klinische Studie, (1874);
- Grundzüge der Kriminalpsychologie für Juristen, (Second edition) (1882);
- Die progressive allgemeine Paralyse, (1894);
- Nervosität und neurasthenische Zustände. (1895).
- Four of his books appear in English translations by Craddock:
- An Experimental Study in the Domain of Hypnotism, (New York and London, 1889);
- Psychosis Menstrualis, (1902);
- Psychopathia Sexualis, (Twelfth edition, 1903);
- Text Book of Insanity, (1905).
|This page uses Creative Commons Licensed content from Wikipedia (view authors).|


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Tara Rich
Student Instructions
Listening to Stories: "Here Comes the Garbage Barge"
1. 👂Listen to the story "Here Comes the Garbage Barge" by clicking on the link. 2. 🗣 What can you do to make less than 4 pounds of garbage each day. 3. 💡 Think about the garbage in your community. Where does it go after it is thrown in the trash? Do you think your local landfill smells as terrible as the Garbage Barge? 4. What do you think would happen to your community if everyone was careless about their garbage? Draw a picture to represent what it would look like. 5. What would you tell a friend if you saw him/her throw garbage on the ground?
3rd Grade, 4th Grade, Reading
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Like every year, air quality in most Indian cities deteriorated after Diwali celebrations due to the use of firecrackers. While the country continues to recover from the air pollution, Google India took to Twitter to share a handy way to help users stay informed of the air quality in their area.
Check Air Quality From Google Search
"Find real-time information about the air quality in your area on Google Search, so you can take care of yourself and those you love. Search for 'air quality near me'," wrote Google India on Twitter. To check air quality near your location, you can use this direct link to access the Google Search results page containing air quality data of your area.
For the uninitiated, air quality index is a system to easily assess the air quality of a region. It transforms air quality data of various pollutants into a single number and color for better comprehension. You can check the usual air quality range and their severity below:
- 0-50 = Good
- 51-100 = Satisfactory
- 101-200 = Moderate
- 201-300 = Poor
- 301-400 = Very Poor
- 401-500 = Severe
Google sources air quality data for search results from the Central Pollution Control Board of India. The tool shows the last updated time and the level of impact on the air quality in your area. If you're interested in browsing the air quality of regions across the country, you could also consider directly visiting CPCB's official National Air Quality Index page right here. Moreover, almost all the best weather apps will show you the air quality in your region.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


Medical Term:
fields of Forel
Pronunciation: fō-rel′
Definition: three circumscript, myelin-rich regions of the subthalamus known as H fields (from Haubenfelder): 1) field H1, corresponding to the thalamic fasciculus, a fiber stratum at the junction of the zona incerta and the overlying thalamus, is composed of pallidothalamic and cerebellothalamic fibers (brachium conjunctivum) and is separated by the zona incerta from the more ventrally placed field H2; 2) field H2, formed by the lenticular fasciculus and arching over the superior border of the subthalamic nucleus, is composed largely of pallidothalamic fibers; 3) field H3, or prerubral field, is a large field of intermingling gray and white matter immediately rostral to the red nucleus, uniting fields H1 and H2 around the medial margin of the zona incerta; its gray matter forms the prerubral nucleus.
Synonym(s): campi foreli, tegmental fields of Forel
See Also: lenticular loop


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Uxbridge Rural District
|Uxbridge Rural District|
Uxbridge Rural District within the former administrative Middlesex (so excluding the county's contribution to the young County of London) in 1911. Note north-east and south-east parishes (Ruislip (including Northwood its earlier breakaway) and Hayes) broke away in 1904 to form new districts, and it excluded, since 1911, the thin band of Yiewsley Urban District
|• Created||1875 (as a sanitary district)|
|• Succeeded by||Uxbridge Urban District|
The district was formed as a rural sanitary district in 1875. It mirrored the Uxbridge Poor Law Union so excluded the compact market town of Uxbridge to the west which was an urban sanitary district. The twin unions in turn were all but the three small southern and three small eastern parishes of Elthorne Hundred. A little of the traditionally, essentially encircling parish in relation to Uxbridge town, Hillingdon, was added to Uxbridge USD in 1883. The parish of Northwood was removed in 1891, forming an urban sanitary district.
Under the Local Government Act 1894 it became a rural district, with a directly elected rural district council. The Hillingdon parish was split, with Hillingdon West naturally forming part of the compact Uxbridge urban district and Hillingdon East being the part in the rural district.
As of 1894, the district comprised parishes:
- Cowley scattered in the south-centre
- Harefield in the north
- Hayes in the east
- Hillingdon East around Cowley
- Ickenham, towards the north
- Northolt in the east north-east
- Ruislip in the north-east
- West Drayton in the south
Hayes became an urban district in 1904, as did Ruislip (re-merged of sorts with its daughter parish under the name Ruislip-Northwood). A Yiewsley Urban District was created in 1911, creating the only interruption in geographical continuity in the district. Northolt, an eastern 'winged' triangle of mainly Interwar housing was split in 1928 between the Municipal Borough of Ealing and Harrow on the Hill Urban District.
The district was abolished in 1929. It became part of the Uxbridge Urban District, apart from the outlying, compact southern parish of West Drayton which became part of the renamed Yiewsley and West Drayton Urban District.
The initial area with Uxbridge (the Poor Law Union plus three southern parishes which were omitted but also lay in Elthorne Hundred) are the same parent communities, parishes, as form those considered historically and ecclesiastically to form the London Borough of Hillingdon with one exception — Northolt — split between the London Boroughs of Ealing and the Brent. The little-relevant civil parish council and thus civil definition of parishes was abolished, locally, in the mid 20th century.
Apart from what was for centuries all Ruislip, including Northwood and Eastcote in the HA postcode area, but with eastern additions as far as the old Elthorne Hundred, the poor law union emulates the UB postcode area.
- Great Britain Historical GIS / University of Portsmouth, Uxbridge Rural District. Retrieved 2008-01-19.


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Audience segment composition
This feature might not be enabled in your DFP environment.
Each member of an audience segment represents an audience identifier associated with a user's device. As your audience segment collects members, you can see a breakdown of what audience identifiers compose the segment by clicking Inventory Audience segments in DFP.
In the table that lists all audience segments, the columns below display information about the audience segment member composition:
- Total size: The number of members currently in a segment.
- Mobile web size: The number of mobile web users that comprise a segment.
- AdID size: The number of Android app users (identified with an AdID) that comprise a segment.
- IDFA size: The number of iOS app users (identified with an IDFA) that comprise a segment.
- PPID size: The number of users, identified by a publisher provided identifier (PPID), that comprise a segment.
- These totals are updated periodically throughout each day.
- The Mobile web, AdID and IDFA size values are rounded to two significant digits (for example, "22,000" instead of "22,382") and if there are fewer than 50 members in any category, DFP displays 0.
- The total size of an audience segment, updated approximately every 30 minutes, must be at least 100 before it is eligible for ad serving. We use statistical modeling and sampling to estimate the segment total size, so the size shown might not exactly match a number of identifiers uploaded. Small audience segments are subject to a higher variance in model estimates, so using lists with at least 150 members is recommended.
- The sum of "Mobile web size", "IDFA size", and "AdID size" values may not equal the "Total size" value for a segment because of users on other targeted devices or environments.
- For third-party audience segments, the "Total size" value shows how many identifiers are provided in the segment, but doesn't necessarily reflect the total amount of unique impressions you'll get from the segment. This could be because some identifiers are stale or based in another country.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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The upcoming PANDA at FAIR experiment in Darmstadt, Germany will belong to a new generation of accelerator-based experiments relying exclusively on software filters for data selection. Due to the likeness of signal and background as well as the multitude of investigated physics channels, this paradigm shift is driven by the need for having full and precise information from all detectors in order to perform a reliable data selection. In our experiment, this software trigger will need to cope with incoming event rates of up to 20 MHz, corresponding to a raw data rate of up to 200 GB/s.
At Uppsala University, our PANDA group's physics interest is focused on hyperon reactions. With respect to the reconstruction algorithms, hyperons impose a particular challenge due to their relatively long-lived nature. This causes their decay vertices to be separated from the beam-target interaction point by up to several metres. In order to filter interesting data, Uppsala is, in collaboration with other international groups, developing a framework for Dynamic Track and Event Reconstruction (DyTER). DyTER draws upon a variety of reconstruction algorithms, such as a cellular automaton and pattern matching. This presentation will give an overview of the general concept as well as showcase the current development.


Tutorial: Installing Sovereign on FreeBSD
In this tutorial, we will guide you through the steps to install Sovereign on FreeBSD Latest. Sovereign is a set of Ansible playbooks that you can use to set up a personal server for hosting websites and services.
Prerequisites
Before we begin the installation process, ensure that you have the following:
Step 1: Install Ansible
Install Ansible using the package manager:
pkg install ansible
Step 2: Clone Sovereign Repository
Clone the Sovereign repository using git:
git clone _URL_
Move into the Sovereign directory:
cd sovereign
Step 3: Configure Inventory
The first step will be to copy an example inventory file:
cp inventory_example inventory
Then open the inventory file for editing:
nano inventory
The file has multiple sections, which are clearly marked. You will need to edit each of the sections to match your desired configuration for the server.
Step 4: Configure Variables
Sovereign requires several variables to be set before deployment. You will need to copy an example variables file:
cp group_vars/all.yml{.example,}
Edit the variables file using your preferred text editor:
nano group_vars/all.yml
Ensure that the variables in the file match your desired configuration for the server.
Step 5: Configure SSH
To use Ansible with remote servers, SSH keys are required. You can use an existing SSH key or create a new one:
Generate a new SSH key using the ssh-keygen command:
ssh-keygen
And press enter through the prompts.
Copy the public key to the remote server using the ssh-copy-id command:
ssh-copy-id <remote_username>@<remote_IP_address>
Replace <remote_username> with your remote username and <remote_IP_address> with the IP address of your remote server.
Step 6: Run the Playbook
Once everything is set up, it's time to run the playbook:
ansible-playbook site.yml
This command will execute the Ansible playbook defined in site.yml, which will configure the server based on the configuration in the inventory and variables files.
Conclusion
Congratulations, you have now successfully installed Sovereign on your FreeBSD Latest server. You can now start hosting websites and services on your personal server.
If you want to self-host in an easy, hands free way, need an external IP address, or simply want your data in your own hands, give IPv6.rs a try!
Alternatively, for the best virtual desktop, try Shells!


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By Paul Parkinson
In case you missed it, yesterday Wind River announced that VxWorks has been selected for the European Geostationary
Navigation Overlay Service (EGNOS), and has been chosen to run the Integrity Processing Facility (IPF) check set.
The IPF, developed and delivered by Logica, is the crucial element that
validates the information broadcast by the satellites to safety-critical users
such as aircraft in flight or ships navigating through narrow
channels. This is essential, because satellite navigation systems alone do not provide sufficient positional accuracy to be used in safety-critical applications.
The IPF is really good example of a critical system which needs to consistently provide hard real-time performance and total reliability, and this posed some interesting challenges for development and safety certification to the joint avionics software safety standards RTCA
DO-178B and EUROCAE ED-12B at Level B.
Logica and the European Space Agency (ESA) have kindly allowed us to produce a case study which discusses the development and certification challenges and how they were successfully overcome, and this has just been published on the Electronics Weekly website. (Update: the case study can now also be downloaded in PDF from the Wind River website)
I hope you'll find this interesting, and the next time you are on a European flight on a landing approach in very poor visibility conditions, you'll know how VxWorks is helping to guide the aircraft to a safe landing.


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To craft the sculptural mirrors Mastrangelo used sand sourced from various locations around the world.
The form is created from sand mixed with epoxy resin to create three-dimensional geometric forms that is meant to emulate the appearance of volcanic formations. Mastrangelo hand dyed the gritty terrains, to give them a unique black colour, which were then attached to mirrors that have reflective gold-tinted faces.
"Though the material is not literally magma from a volcano, Mastrangelo has used his signature materials and methods to masterfully emulate the unique way that magcalcifies into igneous rock formations," the studio told Dezeen.
Magma forms part of a series of work that the designer has created to draw attention to the climate change crisis by mimicking natural forms.
As with the other works – which include a rug collection influenced by the patterns of breaking ice sheets and mirrors and tables modelled on snow melting on mountain peaks – its form and materiality are intended to provoke a message warning of the effects climate change has on the beauty of nature.
"The forms and textures suggest a landscape that has surpassed healthy temperatures and decayed to an existence of extreme heat," said the studio. "It is through Magma that Mastrangelo hopes viewers will consider their stake in climate change."
"For me, the Magma series references the global tension and worry in regards to our impending climate crisis," Mastrangelo added. "I feel that there is so much pressure rising to the surface and it's bound to erupt; I hope not in the form of disaster but in the form of energetic action."
Each frame was individually commissioned and unique-in-form. For Magma Edition 01 the designer sculpted black sand to cover most of the reflective surface apart from a small triangular shaped opening, it is on display at 1stDibs Gallery in New York City.
An arch frames the mirror of Magma Edition 02, which can be viewed at Mastrangelo's studio in Brooklyn.
Photography is by Fernando Mastrangelo Studio.


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by Corinne Gangloff
October 13, 2021
Hydrogen power is an increasing focus of product development in the global boiler industry, according to a new Freedonia Group analysis:
The basic technology of hydrogen boilers is relatively straightforward, and the larger challenge surrounds the logistics of hydrogen supply, as pipeline infrastructure will need to be converted and more efficient methods of transporting hydrogen will need to be developed.
As such, partnership with natural gas firms and utilities will be crucial. In the short term, boiler suppliers are likely to begin deploying hydrogen-ready boilers that can operate on both current natural gas mixes and future hydrogen infrastructure.
The Freedonia Group forecasts global demand for central heating boilers to increase 3.5% per year to $16.0 billion in 2025. In unit terms, sales will grow 1.6% annually to 8.1 million. Demand will be driven by rising building construction activity and the ongoing need for replacement boilers.
Want to Learn More?
Global Central Heating Boilers is now available from the Freedonia Group. This study examines demand for boilers by market and global geographic region. Historical data (2010, 2015, and 2020) and forecasts for 2025 and 2030 are presented for central heating boiler demand in current US dollars (including inflation) and units at the global, regional, and country regions.
Central heating boilers include:
Data are segmented by residential and nonresidential markets:
Provide the following details to subscribe.


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Safety Benefits of Proper Bonding and Grounding
A proper bonding and grounding system using grounding shoes will not reduce
the chances of a lightning strike on your boat. It will, however, reduce the possibility
of severe hull damage and electrical shock potential. A proper bonding and
grounding system will help provide a direct, controlled high-capacity path for lightning
Enhances Electronic Performance
SSB and HAM radio transmitters rely upon a proper size ground to operate to their
designed capacity. A grounding shoe helps provide a large solid surface (the water
surrounding your boat) to "push off" from. This is technically known as "counterpoise",
and the other necessary half of your antenna system.
The bronze material also serves as the next sacrificial metal on
the galvanic scale after your zincs, providing another buffer against corrosion
of stainless steel parts.


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- 1 How does Walmart use robots?
- 2 What is that robot thing in Walmart?
- 3 What company makes robots for Walmart?
- 4 What technology does Walmart use?
- 5 Is Walmart replacing employees with robots?
- 6 Is Walmart going to use robots?
- 7 Where is the biggest Walmart?
- 8 Why are Walmart's shelves empty?
- 9 How much does a bossanova robot cost?
- 10 What is the bossa nova at Walmart?
- 11 How will Walmart's use of robots change its break even point?
- 12 What does Walmart cost?
- 13 What is the Walmart strategy?
- 14 What are Walmart's weaknesses?
- 15 What is the meaning of the Walmart logo?
How does Walmart use robots?
Retail giant Walmart has scrapped plans to use robots to keep track of its inventory. The machines scan shelves to ensure all items are in stock and prices are accurate. They are designed to help bricks-and-mortar stores compete with online retailers like Amazon and Alibaba.
What is that robot thing in Walmart?
Walmart said in January that the Bossa Nova robots would be in around 1,000 of its 4,700 U.S. stores. Over the past two years the retailer has said it would bring more automation to stores, characterizing the machines as robot "sidekicks" for store workers akin to R2-D2 from the "Star Wars" movies.
What company makes robots for Walmart?
Walmart Isn't Done With Automation Despite Recent Decision To Stop Using Robots To Track Inventory. I write about food tech and science. Walmart ended its contract with Bossa Nova Robotics, which provided the retailer with robots that scanned shelves for inventory.
What technology does Walmart use?
Walmart is using the technologies (like Blockchain, IoT, AI, etc. ) and other companies' support to improve every area of their operations. That's why they are investing so much money and effort to become a technology company and this strategy certainly helps the company to a great extent.
Is Walmart replacing employees with robots?
The retail giant is ending its contract with Bossa Nova Robotics and plans to replace the machines with human workers. Robots with other functions, such as floor cleaning and inventory unloading, will remain in Walmart locations, according to the publication.
Is Walmart going to use robots?
NEW YORK — Walmart is enlisting the help of robots to keep up with a surge in online orders. The company said Wednesday that it plans to build warehouses at its stores where self-driving robots will fetch groceries and have them ready for shoppers to pick up in an hour or less.
Where is the biggest Walmart?
Largest U.S. Walmart Supercenter Is Located In Albany NY Walmart's 3,500+ Supercenters across the nation typically average 179,000 square feet. The Crossgates Commons Walmart Supercenter is nearly 260,000 square feet.
Why are Walmart's shelves empty?
Walmart has had out-of- stocks and empty shelves at some stores in recent months. CEO Doug McMillon attributed it to high demand and supply chain challenges during the pandemic. He attributed the trend to unusual demand and supply-chain crunches created by Covid-19 and said the situation is improving.
How much does a bossanova robot cost?
The 64-pound robot costs about $1,700 upfront and an additional $134 a month for 36 months for maintenance and $89 a month for 36 months for insurance.
What is the bossa nova at Walmart?
Bossa Nova, a spinout of Carnegie Mellon University's Robotics Institute, had provided autonomous mobile robots to take inventory in Walmart retail stores. This is a significant reversal from plans announced in January to expand deployments of Bossa Nova's robots from 500 to 1,000 stores.
How will Walmart's use of robots change its break even point?
The robots scrub floors and clean store aisles. Sensors in the robots allow them to navigate around customers and other objects, so the robots can be used during store operating hours. Management at Walmart has stated that the robots are to be used to free up employee time.
What does Walmart cost?
A Walmart Plus membership costs $98 a year or $12.95 a month.
What is the Walmart strategy?
Walmart boasts over 11,700 stores and serves about 270 million customers. Its business strategy is mainly based on " being competitive in terms of assortment, differentiating with the way people access, leading in terms of price, and delivering an incredible experience with the motto of EDLP (Every Day Low Prices)."
What are Walmart's weaknesses?
Walmart's Weaknesses – Internal Strategic Factors Low wages, inadequate healthcare, and poor working conditions are few of the issues that have been publically criticized. Large span of control – Its highly extended size and massive span of control could leave Walmart weak in some areas.
What is the meaning of the Walmart logo?
As for the hidden message of the Walmart logo, it considered that it symbolizes 6 sparks. And each spark, in turn, symbolizes ideas, which are making the company successful. They also remind of Sam Walton, who believed in himself and his success.


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Honorable John Scott Redd
Vice Admiral, U.S. Navy, Retired
First Director, National Counterterrorism Center
Founding Commander, U.S. FIFTH Fleet
General Bruce Fister has written a book that not only tells an important story but also lays out foundational principles of leadership and faith that apply far beyond the specifics of this account.
On the surface, this is the record of a landmark effort to grow the ministry of the Officers Christian Fellowship (OCF). OCF is a unique ministry that, since WW II, has equipped thousands of military officers to lead with character and integrity. It has also supported and blessed their families, including mine, in the midst of the demanding challenges and sacrifices of military life.
The story within the story amounts to a graduate course in godly leadership. As a three-star general, Bruce is no stranger to leadership. He led the aviation component of the nation's most action-oriented force, the Joint Special Operations Command, in key national-level operations. Now, faced with a very different environment, he demonstrates through numerous specific examples of how biblical leadership principles are universally applicable.
At the deepest level, this book is a testimony to God's unwavering faithfulness to His children and the blessings of a persevering faith in the face of difficulties.
Written in a humble and engaging style, Growing and Building is highly recommended for leaders and followers of all ages.


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Holmes is a bookmark search extension available free for Google Chrome which is used for searching your saved bookmarks. If you have plenty of saved bookmarks to your favorite Chrome browser and find difficulty in accessing a specific bookmark, then this extension is really suitable for you. You can search for your desired bookmark and can access it within a moment. You just need to type the word of your saved bookmark and it will present you that bookmark in front of you.
You can even start search in the address bar by just typing '*' (asterisk) and hitting the Tab key. It will activate Holmes extension in address bar. This is one of the easiest way to access your exact bookmark(s) without looking over bookmarks manually.
Key Features Present in Holmes:
- Search specific bookmark within a moment.
- Organizes bookmarks into pages.
- Shortcut keys available to access bookmarks.
- Activate Holmes in address bar to start a search.
- Use it for free.
How This Bookmark Search Extension Works?
The very first thing you need to do is, add Holmes. After this, you can easily use and access it from its extension icon. You will find it at the top right corner of your Google Chrome. You can go for a search in address bar by activating this extension there. As you could see in the above given screenshot, you only need to press '*' and then Tab and Holmes will be available for you to start a search for bookmarks. Moreover you can search for your saved bookmarks by accessing its extension icon. Give a click there, type in the given box and it will show you your saved bookmarks by highlighting (in red color) the typed word. Now you can easily access your saved bookmarks or a specific bookmark.
You can view bookmarks page wise, by using Up/Down arrow keys. However you can also use shortcut keys Ctrl+Left/Right arrow keys to switch between pages. In addition to it, for settings adjustment; you need to click on the given white circle as you can see in the below given screenshot. After this, you can enable/disable Filter option and likewise can enable/disable Common option (lets you continue search from last point).
Holmes is really a handy extension for you if you have bunch of saved bookmarks in your Chrome browser and want to access a specific bookmark without any difficulty. Add it, try it, and use it for free.
Also try these other price comparison Chrome extensions reviewed by us.


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Controlling The Screen Saver With C#
, 8 Jan 2007 CPOL
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A C# class for monitoring, activating, deactivating, closing, and changing the timeout of the screen saver.
Display Properties Dialog
Introduction
Presented here is a C# class useful for monitoring and controlling the Windows screen saver. The class provides methods for getting information about the screen saver, such as whether or not it is active, it is running, and its time out setting. Additional methods are provided to change these settings and to terminate the screen saver if it is running.
Background
Some things aren't always as straight forward as you might think going in. Such was the case on a recent project where one of the requirements called for killing the screen saver on the occurrence of a real time event. The project involved a radio dispatch console, and in this case the real time event was a dispatch operator pressing the push-to-talk button on a radio handset. Also, the screen saver time out needed to be reset if the screen saver wasn't actually running when the button was pressed, similar to the action of a key press or mouse event.
The SystemParametersInfo API provided by the user32.dll supports a set of functions for accessing screen saver settings, including getting and setting activation, the time out value, and checking to see if the screen saver is running. However, there doesn't seem to be a function for terminating the screen saver if it is running. The SPI_SETSCREENSAVERRUNNING function oddly doesn't do the job as one might think, which instead is suggested as an obscure technique to disable task switching under Windows 95 and 98. Ultimately, the solution was found in another knowledge base article discussing user32.dll functions which can be used to find the running screen saver application and then force it to close. The main task now was to implement a class to call these unmanaged functions using C#.
Using the code
To use the code, just copy the class ScreenSaver into your program and call the exposed methods, which for the most part are just wrappers to the user32.dll functions:
 - bool GetScreenSaverActive( ) - returns TRUE if the screen saver is activate (but not necessarily running)
 - void SetScreenSaverActive( int Active ) - pass in 1 to activate, 0 to deactivate
 - int GetScreenSaverTimeout( ) - returns the current timeout setting
 - void SetScreenSaverTimeout( int Value ) - pass in the desired timeout value
 - bool GetScreenSaverRunning( ) - returns TRUE if the screen saver is running
 - void KillScreenSaver( ) - terminates the screen saver
 - IntPtr GetForegroundWindow( ) - returns the handle of the current foreground window
Here is the entire ScreenSaver class:
public static class ScreenSaver
{
 // Signatures for unmanaged calls
 [DllImport( "user32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto )]
 private static extern bool SystemParametersInfo(
 int uAction, int uParam, ref int lpvParam,
 int flags );
 [DllImport( "user32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto )]
 private static extern bool SystemParametersInfo(
 int uAction, int uParam, ref bool lpvParam,
 int flags );
 [DllImport( "user32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto )]
 private static extern int PostMessage( IntPtr hWnd,
 int wMsg, int wParam, int lParam );
 [DllImport( "user32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto )]
 private static extern IntPtr OpenDesktop(
 string hDesktop, int Flags, bool Inherit,
 uint DesiredAccess );
 [DllImport( "user32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto )]
 private static extern bool CloseDesktop(
 IntPtr hDesktop );
 [DllImport( "user32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto )]
 private static extern bool EnumDesktopWindows(
 IntPtr hDesktop, EnumDesktopWindowsProc callback,
 IntPtr lParam );
 [DllImport( "user32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto )]
 private static extern bool IsWindowVisible(
 IntPtr hWnd );
 [DllImport( "user32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto )]
 public static extern IntPtr GetForegroundWindow( );
 // Callbacks
 private delegate bool EnumDesktopWindowsProc(
 IntPtr hDesktop, IntPtr lParam );
 // Constants
 private const int SPI_GETSCREENSAVERACTIVE = 16;
 private const int SPI_SETSCREENSAVERACTIVE = 17;
 private const int SPI_GETSCREENSAVERTIMEOUT = 14;
 private const int SPI_SETSCREENSAVERTIMEOUT = 15;
 private const int SPI_GETSCREENSAVERRUNNING = 114;
 private const int SPIF_SENDWININICHANGE = 2;
 private const uint DESKTOP_WRITEOBJECTS = 0x0080;
 private const uint DESKTOP_READOBJECTS = 0x0001;
 private const int WM_CLOSE = 16;
 // Returns TRUE if the screen saver is active
 // (enabled, but not necessarily running).
 public static bool GetScreenSaverActive( )
 {
 bool isActive = false;
 SystemParametersInfo( SPI_GETSCREENSAVERACTIVE, 0,
 ref isActive, 0 );
 return isActive;
 }
 // Pass in TRUE(1) to activate or FALSE(0) to deactivate
 // the screen saver.
 public static void SetScreenSaverActive( int Active )
 {
 int nullVar = 0;
 SystemParametersInfo( SPI_SETSCREENSAVERACTIVE,
 Active, ref nullVar, SPIF_SENDWININICHANGE );
 }
 // Returns the screen saver timeout setting, in seconds
 public static Int32 GetScreenSaverTimeout( )
 {
 Int32 value = 0;
 SystemParametersInfo( SPI_GETSCREENSAVERTIMEOUT, 0,
 ref value, 0 );
 return value;
 }
 // Pass in the number of seconds to set the screen saver
 // timeout value.
 public static void SetScreenSaverTimeout( Int32 Value )
 {
 int nullVar = 0;
 SystemParametersInfo( SPI_SETSCREENSAVERTIMEOUT,
 Value, ref nullVar, SPIF_SENDWININICHANGE );
 }
 // Returns TRUE if the screen saver is actually running
 public static bool GetScreenSaverRunning( )
 {
 bool isRunning = false;
 SystemParametersInfo( SPI_GETSCREENSAVERRUNNING, 0,
 ref isRunning, 0 );
 return isRunning;
 }
 // From Microsoft's Knowledge Base article #140723:
 // _URL_
 // "How to force a screen saver to close once started
 // in Windows NT, Windows 2000, and Windows Server 2003"
 public static void KillScreenSaver( )
 {
 IntPtr hDesktop = OpenDesktop( "Screen-saver", 0,
 false,DESKTOP_READOBJECTS | DESKTOP_WRITEOBJECTS);
 if( hDesktop != IntPtr.Zero )
 {
 EnumDesktopWindows( hDesktop, new
 EnumDesktopWindowsProc( KillScreenSaverFunc ),
 IntPtr.Zero );
 CloseDesktop( hDesktop );
 }
 else
 {
 PostMessage( GetForegroundWindow( ), WM_CLOSE,
 0, 0 );
 }
 }
 private static bool KillScreenSaverFunc( IntPtr hWnd,
 IntPtr lParam )
 {
 if( IsWindowVisible( hWnd ) )
 PostMessage( hWnd, WM_CLOSE, 0, 0 );
 return true;
 }
}
The more interesting code here is the KillScreenSaver( ) method. Beginning with Microsoft Windows NT, you cannot simply make a call to close the foreground window as you could under previous releases of Windows. Windows NT introduces the concept of separate desktops. Applications can run on one desktop, and screen savers can run on another. For example, under Windows XP, if you check the "On resume, display Welcome screen" option in the Screen Saver tab of Display Properties, the screen saver will be running on a desktop other than the one for your application. In this case, you need to find the screen saver desktop and close its foreground window to terminate the screen saver. If this option is not checked, the screen saver is running on the same desktop as your application, and may be killed merely by closing the foreground window in that


A Traditional Way to Dry Chestnuts
Katy Runacres
Friday, 8th November 2013
Katy Runacres is researching traditional smallholding methods in Europe. This week she has been exploring drying chestnuts to preserve a valuable crop well into the winter.
Chestnut Production is another smallholding activity which is key to the Swiss region of Ticino and Italy is chestnut harvesting. The Ticino area of Switzerland is heavily influenced from Italy over the border and has more cultural and farming similarities to Italy rather than the rest of Switzerland.
The houses follow the Italian design but I also found it interesting how the smallholding history is so different to other parts of Switzerland. It is known that the poor farmers and smallholders often had to rely on eating vast amounts of produce featuring chestnuts (Castanea sativa) during the winter months as there was not an abundance of other foods.
I have taken some pictures of the chestnut drying shed to explain more. This was a simple design which had a ground fire that produced heat and smoke. This in turn dried chestnuts which were spread on a wooden grate above the fire.
This simple device was vital and would help families store the precious food stuff for longer. Often people would use the dried chestnuts to make bread using chestnut flour mixed with rye flour.
The need for chestnuts as a food supply was also emphasized by the importance placed on each family owning as many chestnut trees as possible. Nowadays, Ticino and Italian dwellers do not have to be as reliant on chestnuts as a commodity, but certain local dining specialities reflect its hard but important smallholding history.
If you would like to discover more about different smallholding methods go to _URL_
Katy is a 24 year old smallholder, blogger and cook. She currently smallholds in Switzerland including keeping chickens, but will return to her native Suffolk, UK later in the year. Katy is a member of the Suffolk and Essex Poultry Club and has a diploma in Countryside Management.
Further resources
Fruit Drying
Drying Squash - the resilient gardener
How To Dry and Store Oyster Mushrooms
The Diet of a Forest Dweller
Build with sweet chestnut trees: Roundwood timber framing with Ben Law
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Java Dynamic Management Kit 5.0 Tutorial
Defining Relation Types
We define a relation type in the relation service by associating a name for the relation type with a non-empty array of RoleInfo objects. These are the parameters to the service's createRelationType method that we call through the MBean server.
Example 15–3 Defining a Relation Type
try {
 String relTypeName = "myRelationType";
 Object[] params = new Object[2];
 params[0] = relTypeName;
 params[1] = roleInfoArray;
 String[] signature = new String[2];
 signature[0] = "java.lang.String";
 // get the string representing the "RoleInfo[]" object
 signature[1] = (roleInfoArray.getClass()).getName();
 server.invoke( relServObjName, "createRelationType",
 params, signature);
} catch (Exception e) {
 echo("\tCould not create the relation type " + relTypeName);
The relation type name given by the calling process must be unique among all relation type names already created in the relation service. Relations will refer to this name to define their type, and the service will verify that the roles of the relation match the role information in this type.
The relation service provides methods for managing the list of relation types it stores. The removeRelationType removes the type's definition from the relation service and also removes all relation instances of this type. This mechanism is further covered in Maintaining Consistency.
Other methods give the list of all currently defined relation types or the role information associated with a given type. Role information is always obtained through the name of the relation type where it is defined. Here we show the subroutine that our example uses to print out all role and type information.
Example 15–4 Retrieving Relation Types and Role Information
try {
 echo("\n-> Retrieve all relation types");
 Object[] params1 = new Object[0];
 String[] signature1 = new String[0];
 ArrayList relTypeNameList = (ArrayList)
 (server.invoke( relServObjName, "getAllRelationTypeNames",
 params1, signature1));
 for (Iterator relTypeNameIter = relTypeNameList.iterator();
 relTypeNameIter.hasNext(); ) {
 String currRelTypeName = (String)(relTypeNameIter.next());
 echo("\n-> Print role info for relation type " +
 Object[] params2 = new Object[1];
 params2[0] = currRelTypeName;
 String[] signature2 = new String[1];
 signature2[0] = "java.lang.String";
 ArrayList roleInfoList = (ArrayList)
 (server.invoke( relServObjName,"getRoleInfos",
 params2, signature2));
} catch (Exception e) {
 echo("\tCould not browse the relation types");


PassingVariablesToTheParentProcessJapanese
How can I put values into the environment of the program that called my awk program?
Short answer, you can't. Unix ain't Plan 9, and you can't tweak the parent's address space.
(DOS isn't even Unix, so it lets any program overwrite any memory location, including the parent's environment space. But the details are [obviously] going to be fairly icky. Avoid.)
Longer answer, write the results in a form the shell can parse to a temporary file, and have the shell "source" the file after running the awk program:
 awk 'BEGIN { printf("NEWVAR='%s'\n", somevalue) }' > /tmp/awk.$$
 . /tmp/awk.$$ # sh/ksh/bash/pdksh/zsh etc
 rm /tmp/awk.$$
With many shells, you can use 'eval', but this is also cumbersome:
 eval 'awk 'BEGIN { print "NEWVAR=" somevalue }''
Csh syntax and more robust use of quotation marks are left as exercises for the reader.


text:
In two previous articles Using Flexible Budgeting to Improve Sustainability Measures, Part 1 and Part 2, we demonstrated that the average intensity commonly used in sustainability reporting is problematic when used as a measure of efficiency improvement. We described how several factors, including changes in efficiency, impact average intensity, and demonstrated how flexible budgeting can be used to isolate and measure efficiency improvements more accurately. The focus of this article is to consider the impact of factory utilization on efficiency measurement. To be clear at the start, companies are constantly seeking to improve factory utilization most often by increasing production volumes. All other things being the same, increased production improves average intensity, but will not in itself create an efficiency improvement for environmental aspects.
When production volume changes, financial managers must recognize the dichotomy of fixed and variable costs. As activity increases, the total variable costs increase, but fixed costs remain constant resulting in lower average cost per unit. Similarly, companies often face both fixed and variable components for environmental aspects. As with budgeting for cost, one needs to first budget separately for the fixed and variable components of the environmental aspect. This article considers four examples based on water usage.
The base example is a single facility where production increases, all water usage is variable with production, and no efficiency improvements occur in the use of water. The second example builds on the first with the addition of a fixed component of water. The third example combines a fixed component of water with a decline in production. The last example demonstrates the measurement of average efficiency for a company with two facilities both experiencing production changes and improvements in water efficiency.
In the base example, manufacturing plant A uses water in the production process of X, and this water usage is totally variable (and linear). In year 1, plant A manufactures 20,000 bottles of output using 7,000 gallons of water in the process (see Table 1). This results in a water usage rate of 0.35 gallons per bottle of output (7,000/20,000) that also is the water intensity. In year 2, production increases to 28,000 bottles of output. Since there is no efficiency improvement and no fixed usage of water, total water usage increases proportionally to 9,800 gallons (0.35*28,000), i.e., the flexible budget and actual are the same. Water intensity remains the same as in year 1 (9,800/28,000 = 0.35). This example serves as the baseline for comparison because there is no change in efficiency.
In the second example, some water usage is fixed causing the water intensity to change with no change in efficiency. In this example, the manufacturing plant A uses 7,000 gallons of water to produce the same 20,000 bottles of output in year 1. However, 2,000 gallons of the 7,000 gallons used are fixed (see Table 2). The 5,000 gallon variable component yields a variable usage rate of 0.25 gallons of water per bottle of output. Note that the water intensity is still 0.35, the same as example 1 (7,000/20,000). In year 2, production again increases to 28,000 bottles of output. Total fixed water remains at 2,000 gallons and variable water used increases proportionally to 7,000 gallons (0.25*28,000). Again, efficiency is held constant so the flexible budget and actual results are the same. It is important to compare example 1 with example 2. In both cases water usage increases as production increases, but in example 2 water increases by a smaller amount (9,000 v. 9,800) because the fixed component does not increase. Therefore, one expects water intensity to decline at this higher level of production. In example 2, water intensity declines to 0.32 (9,000/28,000) in year 2. Because the fixed component of water usage causes a decline in water intensity when production increases, logically one expects that a decline in production with the fixed component of water will result in an increase in water intensity. This relationship is observed in example 3.
Example 3 begins with the same scenario for year 1 as in the previous example, but production declines to 15,000 bottles of output in year 2 (see Table 3). The fixed component of water usage remains constant at 2,000 gallons, but variable water usage declines to 3,750 gallons (0.25*15,000). Total water usage drops to 5,750 gallons, and water intensity increases as expected to 0.38 (5,750/15,000). Both examples 2 and 3 demonstrate that intensity is not a reliable metric of sustainability performance. The changes in water intensity shown in these examples may mislead the users about efficiency improvement or degradation.
Before exploring the last example, let's summarize what the previous examples have demonstrated. Holding efficiency and other factors constant, a fixed component of a sustainability aspect causes a decline in the intensity of that aspect when production increases and an increase in intensity when production falls. Therefore, intensity is not a useful measure of sustainability efficiency which must be measured using the flexible budgeting methodology we are demonstrating.
The last example is more complicated and more realistic of actual application (see Table 4). In this example, a company has two manufacturing facilities. The first facility is identical to plant A in example 2 for year 1. The second facility, plant B, manufactures Y and produces 100,000 tons in year 1. Both facilities have fixed and variable components of water usage. Plant A experiences an increase in production to 28,000 bottles in year 2, and plant B experiences a decline in production to 80,000 tons. Actual water usage is 8,900 gallons for plant A and 19,000 gallons for plant B. Water intensity in plant A decreases from 0.35 in year 1 to 0.32 in year 2. In plant B, water intensity increases from 0.23 to 0.24.
The flexible budget for plant A in year 2 indicates 9,000 gallons of water would be used assuming no improvements in efficiency. However, actual usage is only 8,900, yielding an efficiency improvement of 1.1% [((9,000-8,900)/9,000)*100]. The flexible budget for plant B is 20,000 gallons of water in year 2 compared to 19,000 gallons that are actually used, indicating an efficiency improvement of 5% [((20,000-19,000)/20,000)*100]. Note that plant B experiences an improvement in water efficiency, but water intensity increased potentially giving users the erroneous impression that sustainability performance worsened.
The flexible budget methodology easily handles the calculation of changes in efficiency for the entire company. When both plants are analyzed in the aggregate, the total flexible budget amount for water is 29,000 gallons (9,000+20,000). Total actual usage is 27,900 gallons (8,900+19,000) resulting in an overall efficiency improvement of 3.8% [((29,000-27,900)/29,000)*100].
In calculating the overall average water intensity, many companies simply sum differing units of output, as in this example where product X is measured in bottles and product Y is measured in tons. A common solution to this problem is to convert physical measures of output to the sales value of output and then combine revenue totals. Unfortunately, this approach adds to the confounding factors impacting intensity measures when prices are changing. Note that differing output measures do not present a problem for the flexible budget approach. This is because the production output is used only to calculate the flexible budget value that in our example is expressed as gallons of water regardless of how units of production are measured. Notice that although water efficiency improves in example 4, overall water intensity increases. This is due to the fact the production mix shifts from the less water intensive product Y to the higher water intensive product X. This product mix shift dominates the efficiency improvement.In conclusion, the flexible budgeting approach to measuring changes in sustainability aspect efficiency correctly adjusts for the presence of fixed components of aspect consumption (or production as in the case of greenhouse gases). In contrast, intensity measures fail to adjust for the fixed and variable components of sustainability aspects and do not provide an accurate indication of the actual change in efficiency. When production volumes change, fixed components of sustainability aspects cause intensity measures to change even when there is no change in aspect efficiency.
As corporate responsibility reporting becomes mainstream around the globe, organizations look to CPAs to provide analysis and reliable measurements to monitor their sustainability performance. The AICPA urges its members to be the forerunners in the sustainability reporting movement by elevating its credibility. Therefore, in our next article, additional issues in the implementation of the flexible budgeting approach for measuring efficiency improvements will be explored. Specifically, we will discuss the challenges in defining the appropriate degree of refinement in segmenting a company, materiality considerations for fixed components, and issues relating to confounding factors influencing the sustainability aspect such as variations in the weather.
Jon Bartley, CPA, Ph.D., is Professor Emeritus of Accounting and former Dean of the Poole College of Management, North Carolina State University in Raleigh, NC. You can reach Jon at _EMAIL_
Y.S. Al Chen, Ph.D., CPA, CITP, CGMA, CMA, CFM, is Professor of Accounting at the Poole College of Management, North Carolina State University in Raleigh, NC. You can reach Al at _EMAIL_
Stephen K. Harvey, M.S., M.B.A., P.E., is former Global Director of Environment


text:
Gauging Plant Health and Happiness1 week ago -
Comparing and contrasting are key when determining if a plant is growing to its full potential.
"The ability to detect or gauge plant health is a skill that takes time and experience to develop," explains Robert Spencer, commercial horticultural specialist at the Alberta Ag-Info Centre. "It is a bit of an art form, combined with varying depths of science to back it up."
Spencer says that at the heart of any diagnosis is a clear understanding and picture of what the plant or crop is "supposed" to look like. "It is a simple contrast and comparison between the mental picture and what is right in front of us."
He notes that there are many variables to consider when determining whether a plant is achieving its full potential. "Many of these require a deeper dive into the nuances and variations and can be entirely subjective."
These comparisons include:
- Plant vigour
- Plant size
- Leaf colour
- Plant shape
- Amount of root growth and perhaps the colour of the roots
- Amount of flowering
- Uniformity of the entire plant, leaves, stems, flowers, etc.
- Evidence of lesions, spots, stripes, pustules, flecks, pinholes, or any number of other symptoms and signs of infection or infestation
"Diagnosing plant health is very much a subjective, comparative process, where one attempts to judge whether the plant being examined is performing as well as it could, versus the other plants surrounding the one being examined," he adds.
Go to Diagnosing plant problems for a list of questions that producers can use to narrow down variables that can affect a plant's growth.
Source: Alberta Ag


Lost Canadians file petition challenging federal government's interpretation of citizenship history
Federal Green Party leader Elizabeth May filed a petition today on behalf of the Lost Canadians, a citizenship advocacy group, challenging the federal government's version of the history of Canadian citizenship. The government must respond to the petition within 60 days.
Lost Canadians are a group of legitimate Canadians who have been denied citizenship due to obscure provisions of previous laws, which discriminate based on age, gender, ethnicity and marital status.
Last month, a spokesperson for Citizenship and Immigration Canada suggested the legal concept of Canadian citizenship has existed only since January 1, 1947 — the date that Canada's Citizenship Act came into effect.
"History does not support that assertion," Citizenship advocate Don Chapman said in a news release. "The government's position seems to be that Canadian citizenship was created ex nihilo on Jan. 1, 1947. In fact, the term 'Canadian citizen' has been part of the statute law since 1910, not 1947."
Based on the federal government's interpretation of citizenship, numerous people — including war veterans' children — are not legally Canadian citizens. Former citizenship minister Jason Kenney and current citizenship minister Chris Alexander have both asserted that Canadians were all British subjects prior to 1947. Surrey resident Jackie Scott — who was born in 1945 to a Canadian veteran and British war bride — was repeatedly denied citizenship despite having lived for decades in Canada, on the premise that her Ontario-born father was not a citizen in the year she was born. She is presently suing the federal government to obtain her citizenship documents.
"So what they're basically saying is that people like Sir John A. Macdonald and (Nobel prize winner) Sir Frederick Banting were basically a couple of British subjects, and not Canadian citizens," he said. Chapman said it would mean that every Canadian soldier who died before 1947 for the country was not officially a citizen, which he says is historically inaccurate.
"Prime Minister Stephen Harper is looking like he may go down in history as a Prime Minister who did not know what a Canadian citizen is."
Chapman said that archival documents show that the term 'Canadian citizen' was used by the federal government numerous times prior to 1947. A document given to soldiers by the Department of National Defence in 1943, for example, told them that they would be fighting the war as citizens of Canada.
"This debate is essentially a three-way collision between history, politics and law," Chapman said.
"The case of Jackie Scott, now before the federal court, turns in part on this question: Was the Canadian Citizenship Act 1946 a complete break with the past, or did it build on what came before? And if Canadian soldiers of the Second World War (including Ms. Scott's father) were told that they were fighting as Canadian citizens, why is the government now telling us they were not?"


text:
Visualization of water surface using GPU
MetadataShow full item record
Several methods for simulating a body of water and a water surface has been investigated. A method by Layton & van de Panne based on a simplification of the Navier-Stokes equations was selected. A number of simplifications was made to increase the performance of the method, and it was implemented on the programmable graphical processing unit (GPU) using the Jacobi method to solve the linear equations. A conjugate gradient solver was also implemented on the GPU. The performance of the methods were measured and recorded.


text:
San Diego Teacher Delivers Trigonometry Lesson in Half-Life: Alyx
San Diego teacher Charles Coomber has decided to give seventh-graders a math lesson in the new Half-Life: Alyx game, which can be played only in VR.
Coomber held a lesson on March 23, right on the release day of the new Half-Life game.
The lesson took place in the first location of the game, where there are virtual markers and a sponge. Coomber used a window as a white board. The teacher also conducted a short tour of the game for students.
The next day, an excerpt from Coomber's lesson appeared on Reddit's homepage, where it gained more than three million views.


Boston Dynamics robot dog does battle test with French army
Boston Dynamics: Spot, a quadrupedal robot from the North American Boston Dynamics, is being used in French army training. Currently, the "robot dog" helps soldiers to conduct reconnaissance during activities.
École Spéciale Militaire de Saint-Cyr, France's main military school, posted photos of the actions on Twitter. The institution describes the tests as a way to make students aware of the challenges of tomorrow and robotization on the battlefield.
According to Ouest-France, soldiers from the military school participated in two days of training in different scenarios. The exercises involved offensive and defensive actions, and an urban combat test.
Each scenario was practiced only with humans and then with students and robots. In this way, they analyzed the differences of having machines operating on the battlefield.
Despite delaying operations, Spot helped keep troops safer. One soldier said he died during a human-only test, something that can be avoided when the robot was used to perform reconnaissance.
However, one of the problems with the robotic dog was battery life. During one of the exercises, he ran out of energy and needed to be removed from the field to be recharged.
Robots on the battlefield
Spot's presence on simulated battlefields raises questions about where it will be deployed in the future. Boston Dynamics began its history by creating models for the American army, but distanced itself from the military by focusing on the commercial market.
Today, the company is very concerned about the use of robots to harm humans. So much so that Spot's terms prohibit the use to hurt or intimidate any person or animal, or as a weapon or to enable weapons.
It is possible to argue that the French army uses the robot to patrol buildings and that would not be harmful to anyone. But recognition is the prelude to a military confrontation, which makes the distinction fragile.
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text:
Analysis of Formic and Acetic Acid in Rain Water by Capillary Electrophoresis
A simple technique is described for the routine capillary electrophoretic determination of formic and acetic acid in rain water. These acids were determined simultaneously in approximately 6 min using a carrier electrolyte containing 10 mM phosphate and 0.5 mM myristyltrimethylammonium bromide (MTAB) as electroosmotic flow (EOF) modifier at pH 6.5 and direct UV detection at 185 nm. The method is quantitative, with recoveries in the 99-101% range and linear up to 5 mg L−1. The precision is better than 2.1% and the procedure shows the appropriate sensitivity, with detection limits between 0.042 and 0.055 mg L−1. The proposed method was successfully employed for the determination of formic and acetic acid in 57 rain water samples, collected from October 2000 to February 2001 in four different sampling stations located in Galicia (NW Spain), by direct sample injection after filtration.
No Reference information available - sign in for access.
No Citation information available - sign in for access.
No Supplementary Data.
No Article Media
Document Type: Research Article
Affiliations: Dpto. Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología. Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santiago de Compostela, Avda. Alfonso X E1 Sabio s/n, 27002 - Lugo, Spain
Publication date: March 1, 2003


Take the 2-minute tour ×
I know a Chinese proverbial phrase. Translated literally into English, it says something along the lines of "Sky falls big pancakes". When used negatively in the phrase, "The sky does not fall big pancakes," it is generally used to warn against idleness.
What is the origin of the proverb? Also, I am not really sure if the object is pancakes. It may be a cookie or a flat cake or a flat flour wrap.
share|improve this question
2 Answers 2
天上掉馅饼，means that free and delicious food like pies are falling from the sky. Or its negative form: 天上不会掉馅饼
Nowadays it usually means that people who are lazy are expecting something miracle but impossible will happen to them. For example:
This phrase came from a Chinese myth. After 嫦娥(the lady in the legend who swallowed the elixir stolen from her husband and flew to the moon) went to the moon, 后羿(the man in the legend who shot 9 suns out of 10 and saved the earth from the heat) was very sad and thought about her every day. When 嫦娥 found out his love, she wrote her love on a pie. Because she is on the moon, there came the phrase: 天上掉馅饼
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Here is an explain by BaiDuPedia in Chinese:天上掉馅饼本指天空中降落类似馅饼那样的即免费又好吃的食物，泛指在自然生活中会无缘无故的发生一些可以满足人们欲望的物质或财富上面的事情；现在也贬指那些坐享其成，成天不务实际的人在假想一些不可能发生的事情，等待出现奇迹，天上怎么可能会掉馅饼。
馅饼 is a common food in China even today, it may be like a salty pie(I'm sorry, I have not met a pie). You get a 馅饼 from sky rather than you cook it, how lucky! You pay no effort. Thus, 天上掉馅饼 means getting something without effort; 天上不会掉馅饼 warns you that this thing will not happen, that is, you'd better do your best to get something. There is a fable story known by everybody in China <守株待兔>, it gives the same warning.
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Your Answer


text:
The mean or average change in process over time from subgroup values. The control limits on the X-Bar brings the sample's mean and center into consideration.
The range of the process over the time from subgroups values. This monitors the spread of the process over the time.
The p chart is for the fraction of defective items in a sample.
The fraction defective is the number of defective items in a sample divided by the total number of items in a sample. The fraction defective chart is used when the sample size varies. If we have a high percentage of good items, say 99%, the fraction defective is small, 0.01. In order to get any defectives in as sample from a high quality population, the sample size must be large. In many cases the sample size is all the daily production. In this situation the sample size will vary from day to day. The only statistical measure of quality would be the fraction rejected.
The np chart is for the number of defective items in a sample.
The number of defective, np, chart shows the number of defective items in samples rather than the fraction of defective items. It requires that the sample size remains constant. It has two benefits over the p chart: there is no calculation required of each sample result; it easier for some people to understand.
The c chart is for the number of defects in an item.
The number of defects, c, chart is based on the Poisson distribution. It is a plot of the number of defects in items. The item may be a given length of steel bar, a welded tank, a bolt of cloth and so on. For the control chart, the size of the item must be constant. If the chart is for the number of defects in a bolt of cloth, all the cloths must be of the same size.
The c chart can also be used for the number of defects in a fixed number of items. The number of defects per 10 bolts of cloth can be plotted on c charts just as well as the number of defects per single roll. The essential factor for using c charts is that each sample has the same opportunity for defects.
How to Interpret the X Bar R Control Charts
- To correctly interpret X bar R chart, always examine the R chart first.
- The X bar chart control limits are derived from the R bar (average range) values, if the values are out of control in R chart that means the X bar chart control limits are not accurate.
- If the points are out of control in R chart, then stop the process. Identify the special cause and address the issue. Remove those subgroups from the calculations.
- Once the R bar chart is in control, then review X bar chart and interpret the points against the control limits.
- All the points to be interpret against the control limits but not specification limits. As specification limits are provided by customer or management whereas control limits are derived from the average and range values of the subgroups.
- If any point out of control in X bar chat. Identify the special cause and address the issue.
- Process capability studies can be performed only after both X bar and R chart values are within the control limits. There is no meaning to perform process capability studies of an unstable process.


Degree symbol
The degree symbol or degree sign, °, is a typographical symbol that is used, among other things, to represent degrees of arc (e.g. in geographic coordinate systems), hours (in the medical field), degrees of temperature, alcohol proof, or diminished quality in musical harmony.[1] The symbol consists of a small raised circle, historically a zero glyph.
Degree symbol
In UnicodeU+00B0 ° DEGREE SIGN (HTML ° · °)
Different from
The first known recorded modern use of the degree symbol in mathematics is from 1657[2] where the usage seems to show that the symbol is a small raised zero, to match the prime symbol notation of sexagesimal subdivisions of degree such as minute , second , and third , which originate as small raised Roman numerals.[citation needed]
In the case of degrees of angular arc, the degree symbol follows the number without any intervening space, e.g. 30°. The addition of minute and second of arc follows the degree units, with intervening spaces (optionally, non-breaking space) between the sexagesimal degree subdivisions but no spaces between the numbers and units, for example 30° 12′ 5″.
In the case of degrees of temperature, three scientific and engineering standards bodies (the International Bureau of Weights and Measures, the International Organization for Standardization and the U.S. Government Printing Office) prescribe printing temperatures with a space between the number and the degree symbol, e.g. 10 °C.[3][4] However, in many works with professional typesetting, including scientific works published by the University of Chicago Press or Oxford University Press, the degree symbol is printed with no spaces between the number, the symbol, and the Latin letters "C" or "F" representing Celsius or Fahrenheit, respectively, e.g. 10°C.[5][6] This is also the practice of the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research, which operates the National Center for Atmospheric Research.[7]
Use of the degree symbol to refer to temperatures measured in kelvins (symbol: K) was abolished in 1967 by the 13th General Conference on Weights and Measures (CGPM). Therefore, the triple point of water, for instance, is written simply as 273.16 K. The name of the SI unit of temperature is now "kelvin", in lower case, and no longer "degrees Kelvin".
In photography, the symbol is used to denote logarithmic film speed grades. In this usage, it follows the number without spacing as in 21° DIN, 5° ASA or ISO 100/21°.
The degree symbol is included in Unicode as U+00B0 ° DEGREE SIGN (HTML ° · °).
For use with Chinese characters there are also code points for U+2103 DEGREE CELSIUS (HTML ℃) and U+2109 DEGREE FAHRENHEIT (HTML ℉).
The degree sign was missing from the basic 7-bit ASCII set of 1963, but in 1987 the ISO/IEC 8859 standard introduced it at position 0xB0 (176 decimal) in all variants except Part 5 (Cyrillic), 6 (Arabic), 7 (Greek) and 11 (Thai). In 1991 the Unicode standard incorporated all of the ISO/IEC 8859 code points, including the degree sign (at U+00B0)..
The Windows Code Page 1252 was also an extension of ISO/IEC 8859-1 (Part 1 or Latin-1) standard, so it had the degree sign at the same code point, 0xB0. The code point in the older DOS Code Page 437 was 0xF8 (248 decimal); therefore, the Alt code used to enter the symbol directly from the keyboard is Alt+248.
The degree symbol can be used in Arduino[8] LCD program by using the code line: lcd.print((char)223); =
Other characters with similar appearance but different meanings include:
Keyboard entryEdit
Some computer keyboard layouts, such as the QWERTY layout as used in Italy, the QWERTZ layout as used in Germany, Austria and Switzerland, and the AZERTY layout as used in France and Belgium, have the degree symbol available directly on a key. But the common keyboard layouts in English-speaking countries do not include the degree sign, which then has to be input some other way. The method of inputting depends on the operating system being used.
On the Colemak keyboard layout (Windows/Mac), one can press AltGr+\ followed by D to insert a degree sign. On Linux, one can press AltGr+K twice to insert a degree sign.
Desktop OSEdit
With Microsoft Windows, there are several ways to make the degree symbol:
 - One can type Alt+248 or Alt+0176
 Note: "0176" is different from "176"; Alt+176 produces the light shade (░) character.
 Note: The NumLock must be set first; on full size keyboards, the numeric keypad must be used; on laptops without a numerical keypad, the virtual numeric keypad must be used (often requiring that the Fn key be held down as the numeric sequence is typed).
 - The Character Map tool also may be used to obtain a graphical menu of symbols.
 - The US-International English keyboard layout creates the degree symbol with AltGr+⇧ Shift+;
In the classic Mac OS and macOS operating systems, the degree symbol can be entered by typing Opt+⇧ Shift+8. One can also use the Mac OS character palette,[9] which is available in many programs by selecting Special Characters from the Edit Menu, or from the 'Input Menu' (flag) icon on the menu bar (enabled in the International section of the System Preferences).[10][dead link]
In Linux operating systems such as Ubuntu, this symbol may be entered via the Compose key followed by o, o. Some keyboard layouts display this symbol upon pressing AltGr+⇧ Shift+0 (once or twice, depending on specific keyboard layout), and, in programs created by GTK+, one can enter Unicode characters in any text entry field by first pressing Ctrl+Shift+U+Unicode code point, regardless of keyboard layout. For the degree symbol, this is done by entering Ctrl+⇧ Shift+U B0 (where the last key is the number zero) followed by a space.
For Chrome OS, use the Unicode entry method Ctrl+⇧ Shift+U then 00B0 then space or return; with the UK extended layout, use AltGr+⇧ Shift+0.
Mobile OSEdit
In iOS, the degree symbol is accessed by pressing and holding 0 and dragging a finger to the degree symbol. This procedure is the same as entering diacritics on other characters.
In Android, switch to numbers?123 then symbols =\<. The degrees symbol is found on the second row.
In Microsoft Office and similar programs, there is often also an Insert menu with an Insert Symbol or Symbol command that brings up a graphical palette of symbols to insert, including the degree symbol. As with the CharMap app, the table is arranged in unicode order. An easier way is to use Alt+176 or B0 then Alt+X.
In LaTeX, the packages gensymb and textcomp provide the commands degree and \textdegree, respectively. In the absence of these packages one can write the degree symbol as ^{\circ} in math mode. In other words, it is written as the empty circle glyph circ as a superscript.
In AutoCAD it is available as a shortcut string %%d.
See alsoEdit
 1. ^ "Chord Symbols". Retrieved 2013-12-16.
 2. ^ Cajori, Florian (1993) [_PHONE_], A History of Mathematical Notations, Dover Publications, ISBN 0-486-67766-4 |page=216
 3. ^ The International System of Units (PDF) (8th ed.), Bureau International des Poids et Mesures, 2006
 4. ^ Style Manual (PDF) (30th ed.), United States Government Printing Office, 2008
 5. ^ 9.16 Abbreviations and symbols, Chicago Manual of Style (15th ed.), University of Chicago, 2010
 6. ^ 10.52 Miscellaneous technical abbreviations, Chicago Manual of Style (15th ed.), University of Chicago, 2010
 7. ^ UCAR, UCAR Communications Style Guide, retrieved 2007-09-01
 8. ^
 9. ^ "How to use emoji, accents and symbols on your Mac". January 29, 2020. Retrieved 2 March 2020.
 10. ^ "(unknown title)".
External linksEdit


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Dr. Kent Palmer recently presented his research on developing a Cloud-based Cyberlearning Environment for Introductory Computing Programming Education at the International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies. Dr. Palmer's research focused on using the Google App Engine to develop cyber learning objects that would be hosted in the cloud. Apps were developed for teaching both Python and Java programming. This research was done in collaboration with researchers at Southern Polytechnic State University, University of Cincinnati, and Albany State University.
The cloud based learning objects allow students to engage in class activities from nearly any location and at anytime. Since the objects are hosted in the cloud and ran on remote severs, students are able to work on nearly any device that supports a web connection. So a student can engage in class activities from their smart phone, tablet, laptop, or desktop computer. As long as they have a web browser they do not need to install additional software. Normally to learn programming students need to install compilers to compile their code and an editor to write their software. On personal computers this sometimes created a difficulty for new students that did not know how to install and configure the software and may not have been possible on mobile devices such as tablets and phones. The learning objects developed by these researchers overcame these difficulties and allowed students to focus on learning how to program.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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The behavior of 26 adult American woodcock (Philohela minor) was studied in central Maine during the summers of 1971-73 using radiotelemetry. Adults used diurnal covers and nocturnal sites that were similar to those previously recorded for immature woodcock. The adults, however, were more active during the daylight hours and moved to nocturnal sites later in the evening. Adult woodcock seemed to be less susceptible than immatures to capture by banding crews at night, because adults walked more often between diurnal and nocturnal sites and remained close to the brushy edges at night. Adult birds occupied a smaller composite summer range than the immatures, did not move as far from their capture sites dunng the observation penods, and traveled shorter distances between diurnal and nocturnal sites.
Additional Publication Details
Summer behavior of adult radio-equipped woodcock in central Maine


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Thrusts are hand attacks when some part of the hand (such as two-fingers, palm, or middle knuckles) is jabbed into the opponent in a linear motion, usually to specific targets (such as eyes or solar plexus). Power comes from hip snap and driving off ball of trailing foot. There are three types of delivery:
- A snapping whip-crack motion.
- Pushing off an incoming attack with a thrusting motion.
- Combining the whip-crack and push-through. This is used when breaking boards to leave the first board intact while breaking the others.
All the thrusts start from the hands and arms being held in a basic guard position: Hands in fists held just below cheekbones with palms toward face, with forearms almost vertical.
Spear Hand Thrust
It is usually used to the solar plexus or other soft body tissues. To make a proper spear hand:
- Hold arm straight out in front of the body with hand held flat (palm down) with fingers straight and together with thumb sticking out.
- Slightly bend fingers so the first three fingertips are even and held tightly together. Stiffen the fingers.
- Bend thumb and keep it tucked close to the hand.
- The point of impact is with the tips of the fingers.
- Deliver spear hand with thumb upward against the solar plexus, with palm upward against the solar plexus and floating ribs, or with palm downward against the groin or face.
- Palm downwards thrust against the throat is deadly if delivered in the same way as a jab.
- Spear hand is largely ineffective against well-muscled or bony targets unless it is well forged. Achieve this by repeatedly thrusting fingers into cardboard boxes and then into a bucket of dried peas, sand, or pebbles.
- Next >>


text:
Photography enthusiasts and professionals alike rely heavily on the functionality of their camera's shutter button. It's the gateway to capturing those perfect moments, and when it malfunctions, it can be a photographer's worst nightmare.
In this article, we'll delve into the common causes of a non-responsive Canon camera shutter button and explore troubleshooting steps to resolve this issue.
Table of Contents
Common Causes of Shutter Button Malfunction
Understanding the root causes of shutter button issues is the first step to resolving them and ensuring your Canon camera works seamlessly.
Dust and Debris Buildup
One of the most common culprits for a non-working shutter button is dust and debris accumulation. Over time, these particles can find their way into the delicate mechanical components of the button, hindering its responsiveness. Regularly cleaning your camera can help prevent this issue.
Accidental bumps or drops can lead to physical damage, causing misalignment or internal components to dislodge. This can render your shutter button unresponsive or inconsistent in its operation.
Wear and Tear
Like any mechanical component, the shutter button can experience wear and tear over extended use. The constant pressing and releasing can lead to button fatigue, making it less effective in registering clicks.
In some cases, a failing or weak battery can contribute to shutter button problems. A low battery may not provide the necessary power to engage the button fully. Ensure your battery is adequately charged before assuming a more significant issue.
Troubleshooting Steps for Canon Camera Shutter Button Problems
Cleaning the Shutter Button
If you suspect dust and debris are the culprits, start by cleaning the shutter button carefully. Compressed air from a can can be used to remove any loose particles. For stubborn dirt, a small brush or a cotton swab slightly dampened with isopropyl alcohol can be gently used. Remember to turn off your camera before attempting this.
Checking for Loose Parts
Inspect the button for any loose components or parts that may have shifted out of place. If you find any, consult your camera's manual for reassembly instructions. Be cautious, and if you're uncertain, it's best to seek professional help.
Testing Different Shooting Modes
Sometimes, shutter button issues are not due to mechanical problems but can be related to the shooting mode. Try switching between different shooting modes, such as manual, aperture priority, or shutter priority, to see if the issue persists in all modes. This can help identify if the problem is mode-specific.
Seeking Professional Help
If the troubleshooting steps fail to resolve the issue, it's advisable to seek professional camera repair services. Attempting to disassemble your camera without the necessary expertise can lead to further damage. A skilled technician can diagnose and fix the problem efficiently.
Prevention and Maintenance Tips
Preventing shutter button issues is better than dealing with them. Here are some tips to maintain your camera's performance:
- Store your camera in a protective case when not in use.
- Handle your camera with care to avoid accidental damage.
- Keep the camera's lens and body clean to reduce the chances of dust and debris ingress.
- Follow the manufacturer's maintenance guidelines for your specific Canon camera model.
1. Can I clean the shutter button with any cleaning solution?
It's best to use isopropyl alcohol, but make sure it's only slightly dampened on a cotton swab. Avoid excessive moisture.
2. How often should I clean my camera's shutter button?
Regular cleaning is essential. Aim for cleaning it every few months or more frequently if you often shoot in dusty environments.
3. My Canon camera is still under warranty. Can I get the shutter button repaired for free?
If your camera is under warranty, it's a good idea to contact Canon's customer support for assistance. Warranty terms may cover repairs.
4. Are there any DIY methods to fix a non-working shutter button?
While some minor issues can be resolved with DIY cleaning, complex problems should be left to professionals to avoid further damage.
5. How do I find a reliable camera repair technician?
You can search online for authorized Canon service centers or reputable camera repair shops in your area. Reading reviews and seeking recommendations can help you make an informed choice.
A non-responsive Canon camera shutter button can be frustrating, but with the right knowledge and maintenance, many issues can be prevented or resolved. Regular cleaning and careful handling can go a long way in ensuring that your camera's shutter button continues to work flawlessly, helping you capture the moments that matter most.


2 minute read
This post explains how to test if a value is numeric. It is strange to me that there is not a built in method for this. And if there is, I would rather use it!
is-numeric
If you just want to use a module, use is-numeric that I wrote as part of this effort.
pip install is-numeric
Really simple. A method to test if a value is_numeric.
from is_numeric import is_numeric
print( is_numeric(1) ) # True
print( is_numeric(-1) ) # True
print( is_numeric(123) ) # True
print( is_numeric(123.456) ) # True
print( is_numeric("123.456") ) # True
print( is_numeric("x") ) # False
print( is_numeric("1x") ) # False
The rest of this post will explain different approaches.
Notes on the algorithm
I tested 4 algorithms:
 - str.isinstance
 - error-driven
 - regex
 - regex (plus str.isinstance)
str.isinstance
Using the built in .isinstance is limited in functionality, as it only looks for all characters being a digit, and fails on '-1' or '1.2'. Thus discard this approach.
def _str_isnumeric(value):
 if isinstance(value, (int, float)):
 return True
 if isinstance(value, str) and value.isnumeric():
 return True
 return False
error-driven
This is ugly in that it relies on errors in flow control. I hate it. It is like nails on chalk board to me. (spoiler alert: it is the most efficient of the test approaches)
def _is_numeric_using_error(value):
 try:
 float(value)
 return True
 except ValueError:
 return False
regex
This seems elegant. Check for a pattern.
def _is_numeric_regex(value):
 if isinstance(value, (int, float)):
 return True
 if isinstance(value, str):
 return bool(re.match(r"^-?\d+(\.\d+)?$", value))
 return False
regex (plus str.isinstance)
The regex solution, with a small change to check if all numeric digits prior to doing regex.
def _is_numeric_regex_plus_isnumeric(value):
 if isinstance(value, (int, float)):
 return True
 if isinstance(value, str) and value.isnumeric():
 return True
 if isinstance(value, str):
 return bool(re.match(r"^-?\d+(\.\d+)?$", value))
 return False
Performance Comparison
I ran a very non-scientific test.
Approach
Create a list of inputs, with a mix of float/int, strings that represent numeric values, and non-numeric values. Iterate x time over the list for a given algorithm. Repeat for each algorithm.
Variable
 - % of inputs that are non-numeric (theory is that error-driven will perform better when the value is numeric, and less efficient when the value cannot be cast to float and an error is raised)
Findings
When most values are numeric 1 (0-50%), the error-driven approach outperforms other approaches (up to 3x).
When most values are non-numeric 2 (80%), the regex (plus str.isinstance) approach has a very slight advantage (4%).
Conclusion
without knowning the % of non-numeric values, it is recommended to use the error-driven approach. As such, the error-drive approach is exposed through the is_numeric function in this package.
Raw Data
const: iterations=_PHONE_
Algorithm % Non-Numeric Time in Seconds Iterations per Second
is_numeric_regex_plus_isnumeric 0.0 4.1 239,459.52
is_numeric_using_error 0.0 1.4 680,668.39
is_numeric_regex 0.0 4.7 211,903.44
is_numeric_regex_plus_isnumeric 0.2 5.8 169,665.37
is_numeric_using_error 0.2 3.2 303,433.65
is_numeric_regex 0.2 6.3 156,751.32
is_numeric_regex_plus_isnumeric 0.5 10.6 93,566.92
is_numeric_using_error 0.5 8.3 119,920.32
is_numeric_regex 0.5 10.8 92,182.89
is_numeric_regex_plus_isnumeric 0.8 29.7 33,612.89
is_numeric_using_error 0.8 28.5 35,076.76
is_numeric_regex 0.8 28.4 35,162.57
 1. numeric = float/int, strings that represent numeric values
 2. non-numeric = strings that cannot be cast to float/int
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Alkali heath (Frankenia salina) is a low, woody perennial that grows in the salt marsh, forming clumps in the carpet of pickleweed. The small, scattered pink flowers are born on reddish stems. Close up, they are quite attractive but from a distance they vanish.
All salt-marsh plants can "drink" sea water because they have special adaptations to avoid being damaged by the salt. Alkali heath eliminates the toxic salt by excreting concentrated salt water through specialized glands. As the sun evaporates the water, crystals of salt are left on the foliage.


Blog Articles Tagged: English Longitudinal Study of Ageing
Why are some working in their 60s, and is it good for their well-being?
Pension ages in the UK are rising from the traditional 65 for men and 60 for women, as people live longer. But why are some working past these ages, and is this good for their well-being? Dr Giorgio Di Gessa from King's College London and colleagues have investigated why some work beyond state pension age… Read more »


text:
A purely interferometric method is suggested by which known standard wavelengths in the visible part of the spectrum are used to determine new wavelength standards in the infrared. The application of the method of exact fractions to measurements made using a Fabry-Perot interferometer whose plates are coated with highly reflecting dielectric films is discussed. It is shown that the large phase corrections introduced by these films may be reduced to differential corrections if relative wavelength measurements are made near wavelengths for which the phase change on reflection is π. A method of experimentally determining both the differential correction and wavelengths at which the phase change of π occurs is suggested.
© 1955 Optical Society of AmericaFull Article | PDF Article


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A Quantity Surveyor (QS) is a crucial member of a construction project team. A QS plays a vital role while this role is the base of costing and control for the project. They are also here to ensure that a construction project is completed on time, within budget, and to the required quality standards. In this article, we will discuss the importance of a Quantity Surveyor and the services they offer to construction projects. A Quantity Surveyor is a professional who specializes in construction cost management. Their primary role is to manage all the costs associated with a construction project, from the initial feasibility stage to the final account. A QS is responsible for providing accurate cost estimates, preparing bills of quantities, managing the tender process, evaluating contractor's claims, and preparing final accounts.
Services offered by Quantity Surveyors
Cost Estimation: One of the primary services offered by a QS is the preparation of accurate cost estimates. Cost estimation is essential as it helps in determining the overall budget of a construction project. A QS uses their expertise and knowledge of the construction industry to provide a detailed cost estimate, which includes all the necessary costs associated with the project, such as labor costs, materials, and equipment costs.
Preparation of Bills of Quantities: A QS prepares a bill of quantities, which is a detailed list of all the materials, labor, and equipment required for a construction project. The bill of quantities is an essential document used in the tendering process as it ensures that all the contractors are bidding on the same scope of work. A QS also uses the bill of quantities to monitor the progress of the construction project and ensure that the project is on budget.
Tendering: A QS manages the tendering process, which involves inviting bids from contractors and evaluating their bids. A QS evaluates the bids based on their technical and financial capabilities and recommends the most suitable contractor for the project.
Cost Control: A QS is responsible for controlling the costs associated with a construction project. They monitor the project budget, track the costs incurred, and identify any potential cost overruns. A QS ensures that the project is completed within the allocated budget by implementing cost control measures such as value engineering, change management, and cost monitoring.
Claims Management: A QS evaluates contractor's claims for additional payments and ensures that they are legitimate and supported by adequate evidence. They also negotiate with the contractor to reach a fair and reasonable settlement.
Final Account Preparation: A QS prepares the final account, which is a detailed statement of all the costs incurred during the construction project. The final account includes all the variations, adjustments, and additional costs incurred during the project.
In conclusion, a Quantity Surveyor plays a critical role in ensuring the success of a construction project. Their expertise and knowledge of the construction industry are invaluable in managing the costs associated with a project. A QS provides services such as cost estimation, bill of quantities preparation, tendering, cost control, claims management, and final account preparation. Hiring a Quantity Surveyor for your construction project can save you time and money by ensuring that the project is completed on time, within budget, and to the required quality standards.
Property Quantity Surveying and Building Management Contractor in Malaysia
Contact us today, as our team is able to do the design, cost generation, cost management, reverse engineering, energy efficiency consultation, material or service computation, other design efficiency works, reverse engineering, renovation, materials supply, installation, upgrading, defect detection, property assessment, new project, refurbishment for all types of projects. We can cover residential, high rise, landed building, terrace, bungalow, semi-detached house, semi-D, infrastructure, shoplot, commercial buildings, industrial, hotel, office, facade, entertainment, amusement park, leisure, recreation, retreat, government, port, plants and factories in KL Kuala Lumpur, Selangor, Klang Valley, JB Johor Bahru, Penang, Malacca (Melaka), Seremban Negeri Sembilan, Perak, Pahang, Kuantan, Kelantan, Terengganu, Perlis, Alor Setar Kedah, as well as Sabah and Sarawak for East Malaysia; of course, also we are able to be design consultant, architecture, interior design, building materials supplier and installation contractor for also other countries in Southeast Asia (SEA) countries, including Singapore, Myanmar (Burma), Cambodia, Vietnam, Laos, Thailand, Indonesia, Philippines, Brunei, Bangladesh as well as China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Australia and New Zealand.
Submit your construction, industrial, commercial, greenfield, energy, residential, high rise and low rise projects sourcing requirements (supply and install), either you are looking for a good designer, eco-friendly building material supplier or contractor for a new or existing building, building work repair, building rectification or refurbishment in KL Kuala Lumpur, Selangor or other states in Malaysia. Submit your enquiry to us today at _EMAIL_ or call (WhatsApp) at +(60)11-7001 1003 (Monday to Friday) or +(60)11-_PHONE_ (Saturday, Sunday & Public Holiday).
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