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Life as We Knew It Study Guide & Plot Summary
This Study Guide consists of approximately 87 pages of chapter summaries, quotes, character analysis, themes, and more - everything you need to sharpen your knowledge of Life as We Knew It.
This section contains 768 words
(approx. 3 pages at 300 words per page)
Purchase our Life as We Knew It Study Guide
Life as We Knew It Summary & Study Guide Description
Life as We Knew It Summary & Study Guide includes comprehensive information and analysis to help you understand the book. This study guide contains the following sections:
This detailed literature summary also contains Topics for Discussion on Life as We Knew It by Susan Beth Pfeffer.
Plot Summary
Life As We Knew It explores what happens to an ordinary family in a normal American town when their world changes forever. An asteroid hits the moon, knocking it into a closer orbit. This causes all kinds of disasters that bring the world to a halt. Without shops, food, electricity, heat and water, Miranda and her family face problems together and struggle to survive.
The story begins with a brief introduction to Miranda's life. She is a normal sixteen-year-old girl who attends high school and thinks about friends and boys. The story is told in the form of her diary, allowing the reader to see her private thoughts and feelings. Everyone at her school is excited about the asteroid that will hit the moon, but when it happens it is not the exciting event they all thought it would be. Instead, the asteroid knocks the moon closer to the earth, causing tsunamis, storms and earthquakes all over the world. Miranda's mother begins to worry about the future, and takes Miranda and her younger brother Jonny out of school to help her shop for supplies. They each take a cart at the supermarket and keep going back for more until their car is full. They buy canned food, dry food, medicine, water and other supplies. Miranda thinks her mother is a little crazy for buying so much, but they will later come to be very thankful for it. Later, Miranda's older brother Matt comes home from college.
Soon shops close and food begins to run out. School is closed early for the summer because they have nothing left to feed the students. Jonny's baseball camp is still on, and he will be able to have fresh food by working at the nearby farm. When Jonny has gone, Miranda's mother introduces rationing. Miranda becomes jealous, irritable and frightened, and gets into a lot of arguments with her mother. She starts a brief relationship with a boy called Dan who swims at Miller's Pond with her, but this does not last long because Dan decides to leave the town. Miranda's friend Sammi also leaves, and her other friend Megan dies.
When Jonny comes back from camp, his father picks him up and visits them. He is heading to Colorado with his new wife Lisa, who is pregnant and wants to be near her parents. He helps them to chop wood for the winter and gives them some more food, then leaves. More problems begin to emerge, such as the huge grey ash cloud blocking out the sun, caused by volcanic eruptions. This means they cannot grow food, and things will soon get very cold. Miranda begins to realize that town is not safe anymore on her own, and has to give up high school because it is in town. She brings home textbooks for her and Jonny to home school. When the gas runs out they use the oil furnace to make sure the pipes do not freeze, and shut off the top floor of the house, moving the mattresses downstairs. Miranda's mother hurts her ankle and is forced to stay in the sunroom with the wood stove on. When it snows, they work to clear the snow from the sunroom roof so it doesn't collapse, and Matt gets the skis out so they can learn to cross-country ski in case they have to travel in the snow.
When the water runs out they turn off the oil furnace and all move into the sunroom. They are having to ration food a lot, but are managing to survive and are happy. They even manage to celebrate Christmas. However, in the new year the family gets sick with flu, and only Miranda is unaffected. She rushes to the hospital, but their mother's doctor friend, Peter, is dead. Miranda nurses her family back to health, and saves them when the wood stove backfires and fills the sunroom with smoke. They are recovering, but food is still running out. Eventually Miranda decides to sacrifice herself so that Jonny can have more food and so have a hope of surviving. She does not want her mother to have to watch her die, so she decides to walk into town and not come back. When she gets to town, she finds men giving out food in the town hall. She takes food home, and the men promise to bring more each week. The family is now through the worst of the crisis and is still alive. The world will never be the same again, but Miranda is just glad that they have each other.
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phrases, sayings, idioms and expressions at
The meaning and origin of the expression: Back to basics
Browse phrases beginning with:
Back to basics
A return to previously held values of decency.
This became prominent in current language in the UK with a 1993 speech by UK Prime Minister John Major, although it had been used in everyday language long before that.
"The style and tone of the churches have undergone a major adjustment, gradually turning toward a 'back-to-basics' approach. "


text:
A small bicycle manufacturer has daily fixed costs of $1800 and each bicycle costs $90 to manufacture. What is the function of the cost to manufacture x bicycles C(x). Graph C(x). What is the manufacturing cost of 14 bicycles and how many can be made with $3780.
1 Answer | Add Yours
The fixed cost of manufacturing the bicycles is equal to $1800. The variable cost of manufacturing one bicycle is $90.
The cost of manufacuring bicycles as a function a function C(x) of the number of bicycles manufactured is C(x) = 1800 + 90*x
The graph of the cost function C(x) = 1800 + 90*x is:
The cost of building 14 bicycles in a day is 1800+90*14 = $3060
The number of cycles that can be built with $3780 is x = (3780-1800)/90 = 22
We've answered 318,915 questions. We can answer yours, too.Ask a question

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Yucatan state authorities are spending 14 million pesos to restore beaches in Chuburna and Telchac, where beach erosion is a constant problem.
The sand project follows studies by UNAM, the National Autonomous University of Mexico.
Gov. Mauricio Vila Dosal on Friday supervised the project in the shelter port of Chuburna, where the "bypass" channel was dredged, a benefit for fisherman who access the port there.
Construction of docks has worsened the erosion problem in some beaches, the governor was told during the tour.
Workers are using both fixed and floating 10-inch pipes, on floating platforms fitted with pumps, to transfer the sand from the channel to the beaches.
In Chuburna Puerto, the project includes the removal of 4,812 cubic meters of sand and 157 cubic meters of seabed, the placement of 180 linear meters of fixed pipe. In Telchac Puerto, the excavation of 1,312 cubic meters of sand and 90 cubic meters of seabed is planned for the installation of 120 linear meters of fixed pipe and another 1,000 meters of mobile floating pipe.
Public Works Minister Virgilio Crespo Méndez said the project will benefit 6,142 residents, and comes ahead of the season in which more "nortes" — windy storms from the north — are expected to batter the beach.
The work is estimated to be completed in October.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


- Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari
The Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology (IBPM) develops research in fundamental biology, with biotechnological applications in biomedicine, the environment and agrifood using interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary approaches.
IBPM laboratories are hosted within the University of Rome La Sapienza
MISSION The IBPM develops research in the following areas:
- Structural bases of protein and nucleic acid function, particularly in regulation of the expression of genes and genomes, of structural and regulatory proteins, and of molecules involved in the immune response;
- Molecular mechanisms of evolution and differentiation in animal and plants and biotechnological and biomedical applications;
- Design, synthesis, biosynthesis, purification and characterization of biologically active molecules: development of innovative chemical and molecular methods; characterization of their mechanisms of action; implications in human health.


Aggravated Assault
Aggravated Assault – A.R.S. § 13-1204
In Arizona Aggravated Assault results from a combination of a violation of misdemeanor assault A.R.S. § 13-1203 and additional elements found in A.R.S. § 13-1204.
Misdemeanor Assault is divided into 3 subsections
1. Intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly causing a physical injury to another person. (Class 1 Misdemeanor)
Physical injury can be defined in a large number of ways. Some judges have found physical assault includes something as simple as redness on the face from being slapped. In fact, at least one judge has found that mere pain from being slapped with no physical showing of injury will suffice for a person to be found guilty.
2. Intentionally placing another person in reasonable apprehension of imminent physical injury. (Class 2 Misdemeanor)
An example of a violation of this form of assault would be if a person (person A) throws a brick, a rock, or an object at another person (person B). The object doesn't hit the person B but flies past him/her. Person B seen the object coming at them and flinched or has to move out of the way from being hit and believed they were going to be hit. Person A can be charged and possibly found guilty of assault.
3. Knowingly touching another with the intent to injure, insult, or provoke them. (Class 3 Misdemeanor)
Simple Misdemeanor Assault can turn into a felony aggravated assault when:
 - A person causes a serious physical injury to another
 - A person uses a deadly weapon or dangerous instrument in the assault
 - A person causes temporary substantial disfigurement, impairment of a body organ, or causes a fracture of any body part
 - A person assaults another who is physically bound or their ability to resist is impaired
 - A person goes to anthers house and assaults them in their own house
 - A person 18 years old or older assaults a person 15 and under
 - A person is under a protective court order and assaults the person who obtained that court order
 - A person assaults an officer
 - A person assaults a constable in the course of his/her duties
 - A person assaults a firefighter, a teacher, a healthcare worker, a prosecutor, a code enforcement officer, a park ranger, a public defender, or a judge
 - A person impedes the breathing of another
Several other factors exist in which a person can be charged with Aggravated Assault.
Mr. Thornley has extensive experience looking for and finding holes in the state's case in both assault and aggravated assault cases. In many cases, a person is justified in their actions but it is necessary to have an attorney who knows when a justification defense is appropriate.


text:
Study of the flow around cofferdams constructed in running water through computational model
ABSTRACT River closure to provide a dry area for the construction of the works in the river bed must be carefully performed because a failure can lead to serious and costly delays. By means of a computational approach, using the FLOW 3D® software, this paper studies the hydraulic behavior of the flow around a cofferdam constructed in running water. The computational model was validated using results of an experimental investigation. Then the effect of changing the cofferdam configuration on the flow characteristics in this region was analyzed. This study showed that the computational model adequately reproduces this type of flow and that changing the configuration of the cofferdam: increasing the width of the crest or decreasing the embankment slope affects the flow curvature and positively affects the river closure process.


Proposal 2 assumes that the benefit of an index (improved
 seeking performance) outweighs the disadvantages (incomplete demuxer
 implementations that cannot seek when the index is absent).
 The disadvantages of Proposal 2 are:
 1) Redundant, non-structural information. Having a non-authoritative
 index increases the opportunity for mux and demux implementation
 bugs. There will certainly be cases in the wild where the index
 does not agree with the stream. This disagreement isn't possible
 if there's no non-structural or redundant seeking information.
 2) A front-positioned index breaks the Ogg 'everything is always a
 stream' model, as a front-positioned index necessarily requires a
 second pass.
 3) Experience in multiple containers show that implementors will
 tend to implement index-only seeking [and even tell users their
 files are 'broken' if the files don't contain an index].
 The advantages of Proposal 2 are:
 1) Latency. Indexes can be generated for consumption models like the
 web where seeks can be very high latency, and reducing the seek
 number to 'always only 1' is a boon.
 2) A tail-positioned index would preserve the streaming model and
 keep time-to-first-frame low by avoiding a large index in the
 header at stream startup. The index can be grabbed from the
 stream tail asynchronously.
 3) Coarse-grained indexes can be used as a mechanism to inform
 bisection search, still resulting in fewer seeks while also
 reducing the index overhead in situations where this overhead is
Proposal 3: Bisection search with threaded backreference
 Proposal 3 makes use of bisection seeking as above, but rather than
 using an index, adds an auxiliary backreference structure threaded
 through the stream in order to eliminate the second stage of the
 bisection seek. The bisection sarch algorithm always short-circuits
 at step 5:
 seekpoint based on known stream duration and simple linear
 2) Seek and capture a page
 location based on DTS of captured page
 first with a time stamp immediately preceeding the desired point
 the desired point.
 we're finished.
 5.b) If we need to seek to a backreference, the auxiliary
 backreference structure gives us a hard byte offset to seek back
 The proposed threaded backreference mechanism would append a single,
 variable-length-encoded byte offset to the end of each page after
 the packet data. This addiiton would modify the capture criteria
 such that capture must account for the optional, unsignaled field.
 After reading packet data, demux framing would have to check for
 either a capture pattern, or a backreference followed by a capture
 Variations of this proposal could also include bisection hints to
 further reduce the order of complexity of the bisection search.
 As I see it, this middle of the road approach is a compromise
 without real advantages. In its favor:
 1) Streams that make use of backreferences (most AV streams) would
 avoid the second bisection search, always reducing the average
 number of seeks by a little more than one.
 However, there are significant disadvantages.
 1) Like Proposal 2, the threaded backreference mechanism means
 seeking makes use of two ~ unrelated mechanisms instead of one.
 The threaded backreference increases mux and demux complexity.
 2) The average seek number drops from ~ 4.5 physcal seeks to ~ 3.5.
 This is not a significant improvement given the additional
 compexity. Proposal 2 is simpler, similar overhead, and drops
 best case seeks to 1.
 3) Like proposal 2, the additional backreference offset is
 redundant, non-authoritative, and non-structural.
In short, this mechanism has the disadvantages of Proposal 2 (in addition to being weird) but does not deliver as much advantage as Proposal 2.


About Events Fieldtype
Field that stores a table of events for a page. This modules serves as an example of creating an editable table of data as a Fieldtype and Inputfield in ProcessWire.
Category 1Field Types
Fieldtype modules that represent a data type used by fields.
Category 2Input Fields
Inputfield modules that provide a UI input widget in the ProcessWire admin.
Category 3Proof of Concept
Proof of concept modules are designed as examples or starting points for others to build from. May not be ideal for users wanting to plug-n-play.
Release StateStable
Should be safe for use in production environments. *
Authorryan
Module Version0.0.3
Class NameFieldtypeEvents
Compatibility2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 2.7
Date AddedNovember 27, 2013
Recommended ByNew recommendations may take up to 1 day to appear.
Instructions
This module's files should be placed in /site/modules/FieldtypeEvents/
How to install or uninstall modules
README
FieldtypeEvents
This modules serves as an example of creating an editable table ofdata as a Fieldtype and Inputfield in ProcessWire. In this case, we create a simple table of events each with date, location and notes. This pattern can be adapted to nearly any table of information.
Note that this module is intended as a proof-of-concept. If youfind it useful for the example scenario (events) then great, but keep in mind it is not intended as a comprehensive events solution, where using ProcessWire pages may be a better fit.
screenshot.png
Install
 1. Copy the files for this module to /site/modules/FieldtypeEvents/
 2. In admin: Modules > Check for new modules. Install Fieldtype > Events.
 3. Create a new field of type Events, and name it whatever you wouldlike. In our examples we named it simply "events".
 4. Add the field to a template and edit a page using that template.
Output
A typical output case for this module would work like this:
foreach($page->events as $event) {
 echo "

 Date: $event->date

 Location: $event->location

 Notes: $event->notes

 ";
}
This module provides a default rendering capability as well, so thatyou can also do this (below) and get about the same result as above:
echo $page->events;
...or this:
foreach($page->events as $event) {
 echo $event;
}
Finding events
This fieldtype includes an indexed date field so that you can locateevents by date or within a date range.
// find all pages that have expired events
$results = $pages->find("events.date<" . time());
// find all pages with events in January, 2014
$results = $pages->find("events.date>=2014-01-01, events.date<2014-02-01");
Comments
No comments yet. Be the first to post!
Post a Comment
Your e-mail is kept confidential and not included with your comment. Website is optional.


text:
The NADC / National Drainage Academy have worked with the Water Research Centre (WRc) and other key industry partners to produce a new CPD course aimed at industry professionals who require the services of certified drainage contractors.
The aims and objectives of this new course are to provide detailed knowledge about drainage systems, drainage maintenance, CCTV surveying, interpreting analysis of survey reports and providing cost-effective methods of remediation.
- Module 1 Drainage Systems / Components & Design: Module covers an introduction to the key drainage components and their purpose.
- Module 2 Drain Ownership / Drainage Law: Module covers who owns and is responsible for drains and sewers in the UK, covering England, Wales, Scotland, and N Ireland.
- Module 3 Reasons for Drain Investigation / When to Survey & Why: Understand when a drain or sewer investigation is required and be able to explain the scope of the survey and the reasons for completing it.
- Module 4 Identifying the need for drain repair: Understand how to assess the drains condition and how to allocate a condition grade to the observed defects and complete an e assessment of a drain's serviceability. Explain the decision-making process used to specify the need for a drain repair from the outcomes of a drain condition assessment and its serviceability.
- Module 5 Repair Techniques and Specification: An overview of the available repair techniques and an insight into their technical advantages and limitations to aid appropriate selection.
- Module 6 Quality Assurance: Reasons for undertaking CCTV inspection and drain repair. Understand the need for good QA to maximise asset performance.
The new WRc provided CPD course certification launched July 2021. The course is available across the UK and Ireland to a wide range of professionals including but not limited to:
- Building Controllers
- Facilities Management
- Loss Adjusters
- Local Authorities
- Water Companies
- Environmental Health Officers
- Structural Engineers
- Project Managers
- Building Engineers
- Housing Associations
- Civil Engineers
- Construction Industry
This certified course will be supported by the Drain Repair Book from the Water Research Center and EU Skills.
Interest in this new certified CPD course is growing rapidly and we already have a large number of companies / organisations who have expressed a keen interest in sending candidates for training.
If you have any further questions please contact our offices: _EMAIL_


text:
|Title||Integration of mechanical control of unwanted plants and seeding equipment|
|Publication Type||Conference Proceedings|
|Year of Publication||1987|
|Conference Name||Proceedings of the Symposium on Seed and Seedbed Ecology of Rangeland Plants|
This paper discusses principles and practices of mechanical control of unwanted plants and seeding rangelands, and how some practices are innovatively combined. Seeding methods discussed are use of rangeland drills, press drills, grain drills, trashy seed drills, broadcasting, one-way disk plow, arid-land seeder, chaining, the land imprinter, and range interseeder.


Herp Everted Hemipenis
Can you help me? I have a male leopard gecko, and yesterday while feeding him, I noticed that he has a large bump on his underside near where the tail connects to his body. It was somewhat off-center to his left and has sand stuck to it, so it must be wet. It is not red. I saw him try to lick it and he did not eat. I'm hoping he ate later. I fed him about 10 minutes before turning in for the night. I have another leopard gecko in the same tank, and she looks fine and is eating. Should I separate them? What is the large bump? Do I need to go to a vet? What can I do? I can send pictures if necessary.
My suspicion is that your male leopard gecko has an everted hemipenis that has chronically prolapsed. Males have two copulatory organs. Each one called a hemipenis (together they are called hemipenes), and normally, they are tucked into two pouches. In many lizard and snake species, you can see the two bulges behind the cloaca on the underside of the tail.
If the hemipenis is used for copulation, it will usually retract afterward with no unfortunate effects. However, in your case, something happened after the hemipenis was everted, and it got "stuck" out. For example, an everted hemipenis dragged through the sand and cage substrate, will swell, making retraction through the cloaca impossible.
At home, you can clean the area with warm soapy water, or better yet, saline. You can use the contact lens saline, which is available for about a dollar a bottle. Once it is clean, you will need to make an appointment with a herp vet who can assess the situation and decide the proper course of therapy.
If the hemipenis is damaged beyond repair, it might be necessary to have the tissue amputated. A male leopard gecko can still copulate and successfully breed with a female if he has one functioning hemipenis, so amputation of the injured one won't hurt his breeding capacity. In some cases, using a hygroscopic agent (such as sugar) to draw the fluid reduces the tissue swelling, so the hemipenis can be cleaned, disinfected and replaced in the sac inside the cloaca. Often, a purse-string suture is used to help hold the hemipenis in place during healing, but the lizard can still pass droppings normally. This suture is usually removed in 3 to 5 days.
Of course, I am making an educated guess as to what your leopard gecko's problem is. For a clear diagnosis, you will need to have a herp veterinarian examine your lizard. Please make an appointment today.
Need a Herp Vet?
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text:
Sign up for the Design News Daily newsletter.
July 14, 2023
3 Min Read
Littefuse's eFuse provided circuit protection for a smartwatch wireless charger.Littefluse
Whether they come from Apple or other manufacturers, today's smartwatches are a prime example of the wonders of modern electronics design, cramming components into a tiny form factor that fits the wrist of a human. But achieving the final design often involves many painstaking design decisions─and of course innovative engineering.
In the case of Littelfuse, their eFuse helped an unnamed smartwatch maker meet circuit protection requirements for the watch's wireless charger, taking into account both performance requirements and physical constraints.
According to Littelfuse, the engineers needed to provide protection from overvoltages, overcurrents, and high temperatures. One potential solution, using a fuse, Zener diode, temperature sensors, and control ICs, could not fit in the limited pc board space available. The decision was then made to investigate using an electronics fuse IC that integrates these functions.
The smartwatch maker looked at several e-fuses, but their output voltage was limited to 12 V, falling short of the 20 V @ 5 A needed.
Enter the eFuse
The smartwatch maker then turned to Littelfuse's solution was the LS0505EVD22 Series eFuse, part of the company's eFuse series introduced by the company last October. The eFuse ICs provide a wide range of power inputs (3.3V to 28V) and integrated protection. In addition to overvoltage protection, these electronic fuses protect against overcurrent, short circuit, inrush current, reverse current, and overtemperature events with real-time diagnostics—all in one chip.
While providing all the necessary circuit protection, this electronic fuse (eFuse) IC conforms to the requirements of the USB Type-C power delivery standard in portable devices. The IC can safely withstand 100 W of power and is not damaged if the Type-C power delivery adapter supplies 20 V and 5 A. The figure shows a block diagram of the LS0505EVD22 eFuse whose output is controlled by a series MOSFET with a low 50 mΩ RDS(ON). The MOSFET's low RDS(ON) of the MOSFET reduces the IC's power loss and temperature rise.
According to test data, the IC's temperature will only rise by 37° C when operating at 5V @ 1 A, and an input short appears for 20 minutes.
According to Littelfuse, the parallel MOSFET provides overvoltage protection, and a current limit block provide protection against overcurrent. A soft start function controls the rise time of the output to prevent potentially hazardous overshoots. Also, the 30 V rating of the eFuse is higher than that of the available competitive products.
The eFuse IC package is a space-saving DFN2X2_8L Package. The figure shows an eFuse protecting a portable device in a USB Type-C power circuit. Also, the eFuse offered flexibility to allow designs with 5 V and 3 A output in the future, saving the smartwatch's design team development time and cost as there was no need to select and qualify a new component.
Besides smartwatches, the eFuse is suited for other products such as tablet PCs, Bluetooth headsets, PCs/notebooks, datacom power systems, storage devices, and other applications.
Spencer Chin is a Senior Editor for Design News covering the electronics beat. He has many years of experience covering developments in components, semiconductors, subsystems, power, and other facets of electronics from both a business/supply-chain and technology perspective. He can be reached at [email protected].
About the Author(s)
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text:
NEW YORK (Reuters Health) - Eye injuries among female lacrosse players dropped dramatically after US Lacrosse, the governing board for the sport, required protective eyewear in 2004, according to a new study.
"I am impressed, but not surprised," said Dr. Stuart Dankner, a pediatric ophthalmologist who sits on the eye safety committee of the American Academy of Ophthalmology.
Dankner, who was not involved in the new study, said that eye protection has reduced injuries in hockey, baseball and other sports.
"It's just a shame that it took so long" to become mandated for women's lacrosse, he added.
Men's lacrosse, which is considered a collision sport, introduced eye gear before the women's game, which is a non-contact sport.
Dankner told Reuters Health that he has treated cases of severe eye injury among girls who played lacrosse, either from getting smacked with the stick, colliding with another player, or getting hit with the ball.
In 2005, after urgings from the American Academy of Ophthalmology and other groups, US Lacrosse required that girls and women wear eye protection.
The new study, funded by US Lacrosse, tracked eye injuries among 25 high school girls lacrosse teams for four years before the mandate and six years after the mandate.
From 2000 to 2003, there were 22 eye injuries, and from 2004 to 2009 there were just five. That corresponds to one injury per player per 10,000 practices and games versus 1.6 per 100,000.
Four of the five injuries that occurred after the eyewear requirement happened while the girls were not wearing the protective gear. The fifth injury involved eye inflammation.
"As long as the athletes are wearing (the eyewear), it seems to be doing what we hope it would," said lead author Andrew Lincoln, the director of sports medicine research at MedStar Health Research Institute in Baltimore.
Other injuries to the face and head also went down, from 33 before the mandate to 21 after.
"We were very pleased to see that," Lincoln told Reuters Health. "There was concern there would be more aggressive play and more injuries (because of the protective gear), and that turned out not to be the case."
Concussions, however, increased, from 38 before the mandate to 86 after.
Lincoln said he doesn't think that's because of rougher play, but rather because of a greater awareness across all sports of the symptoms of concussion.
"The comparison periods that we're looking at coincide with this dramatic increase in the recognition of the signs and symptoms of concussion," he said.
Dr. Ferenc Kuhn, a professor at the University of Alabama at Birmingham who also sits on the Academy's Eye Safety Committee, agreed that protective eyewear is unlikely to increase the risk of concussion.
"I have never encountered or heard of behaviour change in athletes or in the general population just because one part of the body has a reduced risk of injury due to protection," Kuhn wrote in an email to Reuters Health.
He added that the style of the eye gear should not obscure players' vision, causing them to make errors.
Dankner said he'd like to see women's lacrosse also require players to wear helmets.
SOURCE: _URL_ The American Journal of Sports Medicine, online December 8, 2011.
The #1 daily resource for health and lifestyle news!
Your daily resource for losing weight and staying fit.
We could all use some encouragement now and then - we're human!
Explore your destiny as you discover what's written in your stars.
The latest news, tips and recipes for people with diabetes.
Healthy food that tastes delicious too? No kidding.
Yoga for Back Pain
Pets HelpYour Heart
Are YouMoney Smart?

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
- StFX Bursaries
- FAQs about StFX Bursaries
- External Bursaries
- Student Loan Contact Information
- Student Loan Repayment
- Information for USA Students
- Can You Afford University?
- Useful Links
- Bursary Application
This listing is a resource that gives students direct access to bursaries available only through St. Francis Xavier University. The online application form is available by clicking the link on the left-hand menu.
The University has a modest bursary program which has been established in order to offer financial assistance to students in academic programs who find themselves in unanticipated financial difficulty and unable to meet their obligations. Awards are made to those who meet the qualifications established by the university, and, where applicable, by the individual donors. It is important to understand that applicants for St. FX bursaries are expected to have exhausted other financial resources, including student loans if available. Bursaries are not intended to assist students with costs that are unrelated to attending university or to avoid incuring student debt. Financial hardship caused by misuse of private funds will be considered the responsibility of the student.
- Students enrolled in degree or diploma programs in the September to April academic year, who are making satisfactory academic progress, are eligible to apply. For bursary purposes, full-time is defined as 18 or more credits unless stated otherwise in the bursary criteria.
- Bursary applications will not be accepted prior to the posted opening dates for applciations for each term: August 15, 2016 for the 2016 fall term and December 19, 2016 for the 2017 winter term.
- Bursaries fall into one of two categories: Limited or General. Limited bursaries are available to students who meet particular requirements as stipulated in the terms of the bursary. General bursaries only require that applicants be full-time students who are making satisfactory academic progress and in need of financial assistance. Please review the list of Limited bursaries to determine your eligibility for any of these before making an application for a General bursary.
- Please review the criteria of each Limited bursary before applying and only apply for bursaries you can reasonably expect to be considered for as an applicant. For example, if you are a Bachelor of Arts student from Cape Breton, please do not apply for a bursary that can only be awarded to a Bachelor of Science student from Toronto.
- Please be sure to indicate on your application how you qualify for a limited bursary. Are you from a particular region, related to a certain person, the member of a certain ethnic group, from a particular kind of family? Specify the criteria that you meet (or do not meet) in the 'Bursary Criteria' section of the application.
- Bursary awards will be applied directly to the recipient's student account. In some circumstances, the recipient may request that some or all of the award be issued to them via cheque to use towards external student costs. This requires the approval of the Financial Aid Officer and may not be granted in all cases.
- Please note you must reapply for all bursaries each year that you wish to be considered for. Renewable burasries also require an application each year, renewals are not automatic and the recipient must demonstate that they continue to meet the criteria in each year fo study for the renewal to be granted.
- You are not required to meet with the Financial Aid Officer to apply for bursaries.
- You may apply for any first term buraries beginning August 15. Second term bursary applicaitons will not be accepted before December 19 for the following term. This allows students to update their applications with any potential increase or decrease in funding. For example, if you receive a bursary in first term, you should add that to the budget section of your bursary applications for second term.
Note to Part-Time Students: Part-time Study Awards are available at Continuing & Distance Education _URL_ Up to ten awards of $500 will be granted each year to part-time students registered in undergraduate courses. Deadline for application is November 15 & February 15 of each academic year.
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Please be advised that bursary amounts and criteria can change from year to year. The Financial Aid Office will not be held responsible for any inconvenience this may cause. When the website and the Financial Aid Office have discrepancies as to the amount of award, the Financial Aid Office will take precedence in the decision.
For more information about Limited Bursaries, click here.
For more information about General Bursaries, click here.


(B)
1. Ensure that the joint is centralised on the lower
handle.
2. Line up the hole in the joint with the hole in the
lower handle.
3. Insert the square headed bolt through the hole in
the joint and the hole in the lower handle.
4. Insert an M6 nut into the lower wing knob.
5. Fit washer, then wing knob and tighten.
6. Insert handle tube into joint, lining up the holes.
7. Insert screw through joint and handle tube. Fit M5
nut and tighten screw.
C
Assembly of switch handle to handle tube (C)
1. Insert the handle tube into the switch handle,
ensuring the handle is in an upright position and
lining up the holes.
2. Push bolt through the holes.
3. Insert M6 nut into the upper wing knob.
4. Fit washer, then wing knob and tighten.
D
Cable clips (D)
1. Fit the cable to the handles with the clips provided.
2. Ensure the the cable is secured under the clip on
the hood.
Starting and Stopping
E
Lock-off button
Switch lever
Starting
1. Hold as illustrated in Figure E.
2. To start, press the lock-off button down, whilst
pressing the lock-off button, squeeze the switch
lever.
Stopping
1. To stop your product, release the switch lever.
4
Adjusting the Cutting Height
HIGHEST
This symbol visible
F
LOWEST
This symbol visible
G
H
-
-
THERE ARE 2 CUTTING HEIGHTS (F & G)
Height of cut is adjusted by turning over the
cutting head.
-
Disconnect from the mains electricity supply and
wait until the cutting head has stopped rotating.
Turn your product upside down.
-
To Remove the Cutting Head and Fan (H)
Hold the fan firmly and twist the cutting head anticlockwise as illustrated. Hold the cutting head in
the centre and remove as illustrated. Hold fan in
the centre and remove as illustrated.
Inspect for damage and clean as necessary before
replacing the fan and the cutting head.
1
3
2
-
J
-
To Refit the Fan and the Cutting Head (J)
Replace the fan as illustrated. Replace the cutting
head, adjusting the height of cut as required. Hold
the fan firmly and twist the cutting head clockwise,
as illustrated.
-
IMPORTANT
ENSURE FAN AND CUTTING HEAD ARE CORRECTLY LOCATED
1
3
2
5
How to Use
K
1. Start at the edge of the lawn nearest to the power
point so the cable is laid out on the lawn you have
already cut. (K)
2. Cut your grass twice a week during the growing
season, your lawn will suffer if more than a third of
its length is cut at one time.
Do Not Overload Your Product
Using in long thick grass may cause the motor speed
to drop, you will hear a change in the motor sound. If
the motor speed drops you may overload your product
which may cause damage. When using in long thick
grass a first cut with the cutting height set higher will
help reduce the load. See Adjusting the Cutting Height.
Grassbox
L
grassbox is full
grassbox is empty
M
-
For optimum performance your product is
designed to be used with the grassbox fitted.
Grassbox full Indicator (if fitted) (L)
- Your product may be fitted with a grassbox full
indicator.
- IMPORTANT
The machine must be switched on for the
grassbox full indicator to operate.
1. When the ball reaches the top of the indicator window, it is time to empty the grassbox. See figure
L.
2. When the ball is NOT visible in the indicator window, grass is being collected. See figure L.
Emptying the Grassbox (M)
- Stop the product and wait until the cutting head
has stopped rotating before emptying the grassbox.
1. Remove the grassbox lid.
2. Lift the grassbox off the product and empty.
3. Replace grassbox and lid carefully.
- Failure to fit the grassbox and lid correctly will
cause poor collection of grass clippings.
6
Cutting System Maintenance
-
Always handle the plastic cutters with care sharp edges could cause injury. USE GLOVES.
Checking your Cutting System (N)
- The cutting system must be kept in good condition
and inspected before and after use.
- Disconnect from the mains electricity supply and
wait until the cutting head has stopped rotating.
Turn your product upside down.
1. Visually check cutting head for wear. Replace if
damaged.
2. Visually check plastic cutters for wear and replace
when necessary.
3. Plastic cutters should be straight. Replace if bent
or twisted.
Replacing Plastic cutters (P)
- Use only genuine Flymo replacement plastic cutters specified for this product. These are available
from all Electrolux Outdoor Products Service
Centres and major retail outlets.
- Plastic cutters must be replaced in pairs to retain
balance.
- Two plastic cutters of the same type should be fitted.
- Never fit a steel bar blade to this product.
To Replace Plastic Cutters
- Disconnect from the mains electricity supply and
wait until the cutting head has stopped rotating.
Turn your product upside down.
1. Push plastic cutter towards centre of cutting disc.
Lift plastic cutter away from cutting head. (Q)
2. If the plastic cutter is broken during use - lever cutter out of the slot, and dispose of carefully.
3. Fit new plastic cutters into the slots at each side of
the cutting head and pull into place. (R)
- IMPORTANT
ENSURE PLASTIC CUTTERS ARE CORRECTLY
LOCATED.
N
plastic
cutters
cutting
head
fan
hood
P
Q
R
7
-
Caring
S
It is very important that you keep your product
clean. Grass clippings left in any of the air
intakes or under the hood could become a
potential fire hazard.
Cleaning (S)
- USE GLOVES
1. Remove grass from under the hood with a piece of
wood or similar.
2. Using a soft brush - remove grass clippings from
all air intakes, the roller, grassbox and grassbox
lid.
3. Remove the cutting head, see Figure H, to gain
access to the fan and clean with a soft brush.
4. Wipe over the surface of your product with a dry
cloth.
- IMPORTANT
Never use water for cleaning your product. Do not
clean with chemicals, including petrol, or solvents
- some can destroy critical plastic parts.
U
T
Storing your product
1. Your mains cable can be stored as illustrated in
figure T.
Your product can be stored in a hanging position.
- The back of the switch handle has a hanging
slot for storing the product on the wall.
1. Push the lower handle in on both sides (figure U)
and the handle will drop down.
2. Hang the product from a hook or suitable screw as
illustrated in figure V.
V
At the End of the Season
1. Replace plastic cutters, bolts, nuts or screws, if
necessary.
2. Clean your product thoroughly.
3. Ask your local Service Centre to clean the air filter
thoroughly and carry out any service or repairs
required.
8
Fault Finding Hints
Fails to Operate
1. Is the Power Turned On?
2. Check the fuse in the plug, if blown replace.
3. Fuse continues to blow?
Immediately disconnect from the mains electricity supply and consult your local approved
Service Centre.
Poor Flotation
1. Disconnect from the mains electricity supply.
2. Clean the underside of the hood and the fan
blades.
3. Raise to a higher height of cut. See Adjusting the
Cutting Height.
4. If poor flotation persists?
Disconnect from the mains electricity supply
and consult your local approved Service
Centre.
Poor Collection
1. Is the grassbox fitted correctly?
2. Are you using in straight lines?
3. Are you cutting more than one third of the grass
length?
4. Do you need to raise the cutting height?
5. Follow the procedure described in "Poor
Flotation".
Excessive Vibration
1. Disconnect from the mains electricity supply.
2. Replace broken or missing plastic cutters.
3. Check plastic cutters are fitted correctly.
4. If vibration persists?
Immediately disconnect from the mains electricity supply and consult your local approved
Service Centre.
Service Recommendations
1. We strongly recommend that your product is serviced at least every twelve months, more often in a
professional application.
2. Always use genuine Flymo Spare Parts.
3. Prepacked spares are available from most
Electrolux Outdoor Products stockists.
4. Your product is uniquely identified by a silver and
black product rating label
5. If you have a problem with your machine contact
your local Approved Service Centre ensuring you
have full details of your product as described on
the product rating label.
6. Should it be necessary for work to be carried
out by your Service Centre, it is important to
take your complete machine including cable
and any extension cables used.
A network of specialist dealers can be found in your
local Yellow Pages. To obtain service on your Flymo
product simply telephone or visit your local Service
Centre. Should you require service under the terms
of our guarantee the Service Centre will require proof
of purchase.
All of the centres listed stock genuine Flymo
Spare Parts.NOTE: Our Service Repairers act on
their own behalf and are not empowered to commit or legally bind Electrolux Outdoor Products in
any manner whatsoever.
Environmental Information
Electrolux Outdoor Products are manufactured under an Environmental Management System (ISO 14001)
using, where practical, components manufactured in the most environmentally responsible manner, according to
company procedures, and with the potential for recycling at the end of the products' life.
- Packaging is recyclable and plastic components have been labelled (where practical) for categorised recycling.
- Awareness of the environment must be considered when disposing of 'end-of-life' product.
- If necessary, contact your local authority for disposal information.
Guarantee & Guarantee Policy
If any part is found to be defective due to


Reports
Epidermis of human skin: pyroelectric and piezoelectric sensor layer
Science 28 May 1982:
Vol. 216, Issue 4549, pp. _PHONE_
DOI: 10.1126/science._PHONE_
Abstract
The epidermis of live human skin has a permanent electric dipole moment perpendicular to its surface. Voltage responses to a rapid change of temperature are pyroeletric, while voltage responses to pressure pulses are piezoelectric in nature. The time course of the responses depends on dX/dt (X, temperature or pressure). The epidermal surface can react to all physical environmental influences to which nonbiological pyroelectric materials are known to respond. Epidermal voltage signals can be perceived through the intraepidermal and the superficial dermal nervous network. The pyroelectric and piezoelectric properties are also measurable on dead, dry skin samples.
Related Content


text:
ISP support for multiple PCBs usually requires a lot more efforts than single PCB or parallel chip programming support. This is the reason we ask for schematic in advance so we can check if PCB is designed with ISP in mind. With our experience, serial programming is not as simple as parallel programming because the target load is unknown. Each programming algorithm is customized for most of the cases to suit customer's PCB design. There are many factors such as length of wires, crosstalk, Power needed by PCB and other adjacent components on PCB which needs to be considered while developing ISP programming algorithm.
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text:
Driver CPC to be monitored for unnecessary repeat training
Following a review of CPC training for drivers as a requirement of EU Directive 2018/645, adopted by the government, and recommendations from the European Commission, the DVSA are to monitor the 35 hours periodic training requirement to ensure there are no unnecessary specific training repeated.
To ensure continued professional development, knowledge of continued safe driving and road safety, training undertaken should benefit drivers and their jobs. Drivers records will be monitored to identify training that does not support professional development. The result could be action that includes revocation of the Driver Qualification Card (DQC) where unnecessary repeat training is identified.
DVSA will only allow repeated specific training if it supports a drivers development, giving an example as 'more than one day's training being required to maintain the qualification to drive dangerous goods'. They will be working with training bodies to ensure repeat training is not delivered unless it is necessary for a drivers professional development.


text:
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| Scilly/Lyonesse |
[720 x 536 JPG]
Unless otherwise stated, this image is the copyright of the submitter. Contact them for permission to reproduce it.
More than 500 Neolithic and Bronze Age sites have been excavated in the Isles of Scilly. With another 30 or so only accessible at the lowest tides, how many more are permanently submerged? Once a single island (with the exception of Agnes and Annet) did the inundation of Scilly give rise to the legend of Lyonesse?
The Isles of Scilly were formerly one island and many archaeological sites now lie beneath the sea. Excavations have only been possible at the lowest tides and there are certain to be more sites permanently under water (there are more than 500 sites above the high water line). Normally submerged sites that have been excavated include: 10 hut circles, 7 cists and graves, 4 field wall enclosures and 12 other occupational sites and partial exposures in eroding cliffs.
There is a persistent legend that the Lost Land of Lyonesse once stretched from Scilly to Land's End. This realm was said to be the home of Tristan who went on to woo Iseult etc. The capital of Lyonesse was the City of Lions and was built around the hill which is now the treacherous reef of the Seven Stones. One night a huge wave (tsunami?) swept over Lyonesse and only one man escaped. This was Trevilian who galloped ahead of the flood on a white horse and survived to found the Cornish Trevelyan family.
There are many field walls and hut circles to be seen at the lowest tide when it is possible to walk from Samson to Bryher and from Bryher to Tresco. In Roman times, all of the islands were one (variously referred to as Sylina Insula and Siluram Insulam - singular, not plural ie The Scilly Island) with the exception of St Agnes and Annet. This has given rise to the legend that Scilly is a remnant of the Lost Land of Lyonesse. The legend further relates that the rest of Lyonesse lies beneath the sea between Scilly and Lands End and over towards the Lizard. There really is a submerged forest in Mount's Bay and fishermen have reported seeing the tops of houses near the Longships lighthouse. The legend is further related in Cheryl Straffon's excellent guide to Ancient Sites on the Isles of Scilly (Meyn Mamvro). Whatever else may lie beneath the waves, there are the remains of hundreds of shipwrecks awaiting the marine archaeolgist.
|Love the Scillies my Spiritual Home The Land of The Blessed worked there several years in the 60s and tripped on Bants Carn and Innisigen Burial Chambers in the old days was 1 island for sure always been a spiritual place but now icecaps are melting the sea levels are rising take to the high ground remember Atlantis and Noahs Flood keep the faith|
|Tony Roth |
|Similar stories about the Maya in the Yucatan. The faith is kept.|
|John Hext-Fremlin |
|I am looking for _URL_ Please find this page as soon as you can as I am interested in it and if you can't then why has the page been removed? _EMAIL_ |
|This fantastic pic was only rated '5.74', and I tried to change it to '10', but it only went up to '6.01'.. why should that be? Is it because, once rated, that rate cannot be altered without a false (lower) result appearing?|
|Nope - it's the average rating - of 15 votes the average is now 6.1. If you keep coming back to a pic, once each day, you can up or down its rating if you choose!|
|Very Good. This photo is difficult to take because of the light level. And also if you waited a few more minutes it would be completely dark.|
|Exceptional depth to the cloudscape and the dark exposure, is very good, to enhance the wonderful, neolithic atmosphere of your piece, Thorgrim.
Excellent and informative descriptons (which you sometimes don't get on photos). I've also given this the maximum points.|
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Megalithic Portal eGallery, images of megaliths and prehistoric sites worldwide, free to view.


Uniqueness of invariant Lagrangian graphs in a homology or a cohomology class
Annali della Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa - Classe di Scienze, Série 5, Tome 8 (2009) no. 4, pp. 659-680.
Given a smooth compact Riemannian manifold M and a Hamiltonian H on the cotangent space T * M, strictly convex and superlinear in the momentum variables, we prove uniqueness of certain "ergodic" invariant Lagrangian graphs within a given homology or cohomology class. In particular, in the context of quasi-integrable Hamiltonian systems, our result implies global uniqueness of Lagrangian KAM tori with rotation vector ρ. This result extends generically to the C 0 -closure of KAM tori.
Classification : 37J50, 37J40, 53D12
@article{ASNSP_2009_5_8_4_659_0,
 author = {Fathi, Albert and Giuliani, Alessandro and Sorrentino, Alfonso},
 title = {Uniqueness of invariant Lagrangian graphs in a homology or a cohomology class},
 journal = {Annali della Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa - Classe di Scienze},
 pages = {659--680},
 publisher = {Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa},
 volume = {Ser. 5, 8},
 number = {4},
 year = {2009},
 zbl = {1192.37086},
 mrnumber = {_PHONE_},
 language = {en},
 url = {_URL_
}
Fathi, Albert; Giuliani, Alessandro; Sorrentino, Alfonso. Uniqueness of invariant Lagrangian graphs in a homology or a cohomology class. Annali della Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa - Classe di Scienze, Série 5, Tome 8 (2009) no. 4, pp. 659-680. _URL_
[1] V. I. Arnol'D, Proof of a theorem of A. N. Kolmogorov on the preservation of conditionally periodic motions under a small perturbation of the Hamiltonian, Uspekhi Mat. Nauk 5 (113) 18 (1963), 13–40. | MR 163025
[2] A. Banyaga, "The Structure of Classical Diffeomorphism Groups", Mathematics and its Applications, Vol. 400, Kluwer Academic Publishers Group, Dordrecht, 1997. | MR _PHONE_ | Zbl 0874.58005
[3] P. Bernard, Existence of C 1,1 critical subsolutions of the Hamilton-Jacobi equation on compact manifolds, Ann. Sci. École Norm. Sup. (3) 40 (2007), 445–452. | EuDML 82717 | Numdam | MR _PHONE_ | Zbl 1133.35027
[4] G. D. Birkhoff, Surface transformations and their dynamical applications, Acta Math. (1) 43 (1920); Sur quelques courbes fermées remarquables, Bull. Soc. Math. France (1) 60 (1932); reprinted in Collected Mathematical Papers, Vol. II, 111–418, respectively (New York: AMS 1950). | EuDML 86601 | JFM 47.0985.03
[5] H. Broer and F. Takens, Unicity of KAM tori, Ergodic Theory Dynam. Systems (3) 27 (2007), 713–724. | MR _PHONE_ | Zbl 1130.37376
[6] M. J. Dias Carneiro, On minimizing measures of the action of autonomous Lagrangians, Nonlinearity (6) 8 (1995), 1077–1085. | MR _PHONE_ | Zbl 0845.58023
[7] O. Costin, G. Gallavotti, G. Gentile and A. Giuliani, Borel summability and Lindstedt series, Comm. Math. Phys. (1) 269 (2007), 175–193. | MR _PHONE_ | Zbl 1113.37047
[8] G. Contreras and R. Iturriaga, Global minimizers of autonomous Lagrangians. In: "22 o Colóquio Brasileiro de Matemática" [22nd Brazilian Mathematics Colloquium]. Instituto de Matemática Pura e Aplicada (IMPA), Rio de Janeiro, 1999, 148 pp. | MR _PHONE_ | Zbl 0957.37065
[9] A. Fathi, Structure of the group of homeomorphisms preserving a good measure on a compact manifold, Ann. Sci. École Norm. Sup. (4) 13 (1980), 45–93. | EuDML 82046 | Numdam | MR 584082 | Zbl 0443.58011
[10] A. Fathi, "The Weak KAM Theorem in Lagrangian Dynamics", Cambridge University Press, to appear.
[11] A. Fathi and M. R. Herman, Existence de difféomorphismes minimaux, Astérisque 49 (1977), 37–59. | MR 482843 | Zbl 0374.58010
[12] A. Fathi and A. Siconolfi, Existence of C 1 critical subsolutions of the Hamilton-Jacobi equation, Invent. Math. (2) 155 (2004), 363–388. | MR _PHONE_ | Zbl 1061.58008
[13] G. Gallavotti and G. Gentile , Hyperbolic low-dimensional invariant tori and summations of divergent series, Comm. Math. Phys. (3) 227 (2002), 421–460. | MR _PHONE_ | Zbl 1010.37034
[14] G. Gentile and G. Gallavotti, Degenerate elliptic resonances, Comm. Math. Phys. (2) 257 (2005), 319–362. | MR _PHONE_ | Zbl 1080.37063
[15] M. R. Herman, Inégalités "a priori" pour des tores lagrangiens invariants par des difféomorphismes symplectiques, Inst. Hautes Études Sci. Publ. Math. 70 (1989), 47–101. | EuDML 104061 | Numdam | MR _PHONE_ | Zbl 0717.58020
[16] M. R. Herman, On the dynamics of Lagrangian tori invariant by symplectic diffeomorphisms, In: "Progress in variational methods in Hamiltonian systems and elliptic equations" (L'Aquila, 1990), Pitman Res. Notes Math. Ser., 243, Longman Sci. Tech., Harlow, 1992, 92–112. | MR _PHONE_ | Zbl 0789.58037
[17] A. N. Kolmogorov, On conservation of conditionally periodic motions for a small change in Hamilton's function, Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR (N.S.) 98 (1954), 527–530. | MR 68687
[18] P.-L. Lions, G. Papanicolaou and S. R. Srinivasa Varadhan, Homogenization of Hamilton-Jacobi equation, Unpublished preprint, 1987.
[19] R. Mañé, Lagrangian flows: the dynamics of globally minimizing orbits, Bol. Soc. Brasil. Mat. (N.S.) (2) 28 (1997), 141–153. | MR _PHONE_ | Zbl 0892.58064
[20] J. N. Mather, Action minimizing invariant measures for positive definite Lagrangian systems, Math. Z. (2) 207 (1991), 169–207. | EuDML 174264 | MR _PHONE_ | Zbl 0696.58027
[21] J. N. Mather, Variational construction of connecting orbits, Ann. Inst. Fourier (Grenoble) (5) 43 (1993), 1349–1386. | EuDML 75041 | Numdam | MR _PHONE_ | Zbl 0803.58019
[22] J. Moser, On invariant curves of area-preserving mappings of an annulus, Nachr. Akad. Wiss. Göttingen Math.-Phys. Kl. II, (1962), 1–20. | MR 147741 | Zbl 0107.29301
[23] D. Salamon and E. Zehnder, KAM theory in configuration space, Comment. Math. Helv. (1) 64 (1989), 84–132. | EuDML 140144 | MR 982563 | Zbl 0682.58014
[24] D. A. Salamon, The Kolmogorov-Arnold-Moser theorem, Math. Phys. Electron. J. 10


has been rejected.
isResolved(){Boolean}inherited
isResolved() may be used to verify if creating an instance of the class is resolved. If it is resolved, true will be returned.
Returns
Type Description
Boolean Indicates whether creating an instance of the class has been resolved.
load(signal){Promise}inherited
Loads the resources referenced by this class. This method automatically executes for a View and all of the resources it references in Map if the view is constructed with a map instance.
This method must be called by the developer when accessing a resource that will not be loaded in a View.
The load() method only triggers the loading of the resource the first time it is called. The subsequent calls return the same promise.
It's possible to provide a signal to stop being interested into a Loadable instance load status. When the signal is aborted, the instance does not stop its loading process, only cancelLoad can abort it.
Parameter
signal AbortSignal
optional
Signal object that can be used to abort the asynchronous task. The returned promise will be rejected with an Error named AbortError when an abort is signaled. See also AbortController for more information on how to construct a controller that can be used to deliver abort signals.
Returns
Type Description
Promise Resolves when the resources have loaded.
on(type, listener){Object}inherited
Registers an event handler on the instance. Call this method to hook an event with a listener.
Parameters
An event or an array of events to listen for.
listener Function
The function to call when the event fires.
Returns
Type Description
Object Returns an event handler with a remove() method that should be called to stop listening for the event(s).
Property Type Description
remove Function When called, removes the listener from the event.
Example
view.on("click", function(event){
 // event is the event handle returned after the event fires.
 console.log(event.mapPoint);
});
removeHandles(groupKey)inherited
Since: ArcGIS API for JavaScript 4.25
Removes a group of handles owned by the object.
Parameter
groupKey *
optional
A group key or an array or collection of group keys to remove.
Example
obj.removeHandles(); // removes handles from default group
obj.removeHandles("handle-group");
obj.removeHandles("other-handle-group");
when(callback, errback){Promise}inherited
when() may be leveraged once an instance of the class is created. This method takes two input parameters: a callback function and an errback function. The callback executes when the instance of the class loads. The errback executes if the instance of the class fails to load.
Parameters
callback Function
optional
The function to call when the promise resolves.
errback Function
optional
The function to execute when the promise fails.
Returns
Type Description
Promise Returns a new promise for the result of callback that may be used to chain additional functions.
Example
// Although this example uses MapView, any class instance that is a promise may use when() in the same way
let view = new MapView();
view.when(function(){
 // This function will execute once the promise is resolved
}, function(error){
 // This function will execute if the promise is rejected due to an error
});
Event Overview
Show inherited events Hide inherited events
Name Type Summary Class
{view: View,layerView: LayerView}
Fires after the layer's LayerView is created and rendered in a view.
more details
Layer
{view: View,error: Error}
Fires when an error emits during the creation of a LayerView after a layer has been added to the map.
more details
Layer
{view: View,layerView: LayerView}
Fires after the layer's LayerView is destroyed and no longer renders in a view.
more details
Layer
Event Details
layerview-createinherited
Fires after the layer's LayerView is created and rendered in a view.
Properties
view View
The view in which the layerView was created.
layerView LayerView
The LayerView rendered in the view representing the layer in layer.
See also
Example
// This function will fire each time a layer view is created for this
// particular view.
layer.on("layerview-create", function(event){
 // The LayerView for the layer that emitted this event
 event.layerView;
});
layerview-create-errorinherited
Fires when an error emits during the creation of a LayerView after a layer has been added to the map.
Properties
view View
The view that failed to create a layerview for the layer emitting this event.
error Error
An error object describing why the layer view failed to create.
See also
Example
// This function fires when an error occurs during the creation of the layer's layerview
layer.on("layerview-create-error", function(event) {
 console.error("LayerView failed to create for layer with the id: ", layer.id, " in this view: ", event.view);
});
layerview-destroyinherited
Fires after the layer's LayerView is destroyed and no longer renders in a view.
Properties
view View
The view in which the layerView was destroyed.
layerView LayerView
The destroyed LayerView representing the layer.
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text:
Pama Languages Press, established by Pama Language Centre in 2017, is supporting writers in First Nations Languages.
Pama Languages Press aims to enable First Nations authors and language champions to develop ancestral language literature and resources required to support both community based language revitalisation and maintenance and support school based language curricula. Very little published literature and educational material is currently available in the First Nations languages of Cape York Peninsula.
Pama Languages Press is working with First Nations authors and language champions to establish a new ancestral languages publishing domain. We develop traditional and contemporary First Nations ancestral language literature in both print and digital media, promoting ancestral language literacy and developing professional pathways in First Nations languages.
As a multi media publishing company established specifically for the purpose of First Nation ancestral language revitalisation Pama Languages Publishing will be able to:
- create employment and support to authors interested in taking on the challenge of writing in First Nations Languages
- establish status and recognition for First Nations languages as languages of high culture
- create training pathways and opportunities for careers in Ancestral Languages literacy, translation and teaching.
By supporting authors, developing essential resources and by strongly contributing to the building of ancestral language pathways via employment and training, Pama Languages Press will work to build many of the foundational resources and much of the expertise necessary for ancestral language viability.
The development of a professional corps of First Nations Ancestral Language Experts – including writers, editors, teachers, translators and language curriculum experts – is a necessary step toward ensuring and developing the cultural capital of Cape York Peninsula.


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Amounts of money may be written in several different ways. Cents may be written
with the ¢ sign and dollars can be written with the dollar sign ($). Adding
money that is expressed in these forms just involves adding the amounts and placing
the proper sign on the answer.
Often money is written as a decimal with dollars to the left of the decimal point
and cents to the right of the decimal point. Twenty-three dollars and eighty-seven
cents is written $23.87.
Decimal money amounts are added the same way that
decimals are added. Remember to put the $ sign before the answer.
Adding Decimals is just like adding other numbers.
Always line up the decimal points when adding decimals.
Remember to put the decimal point in the proper place in your answer.


text:
2023 Brings Opportunities for the Utility-Scale Solar Sector
Despite disruptions, uncertainty, and ever-shifting regulations, the utility-scale solar sector again proves its mettle as industry analysts forecast another promising year.
From Oct. 2021 to Oct. 2022, utility-scale solar experienced a 31.5% increase in year-over-year net generation (per 1000 megawatt-hours), according to the latest data from the Energy Information Agency (EIA). With renewable energy resources expected to provide 25% of the country's electricity in 2023, this key sector will play a critical role in achieving the country's decarbonization goals.
Aside from storms demonstrating both the need for and benefits of highly reliable utility-scale solar modules, other factors are creating opportunities for project developers and EPCs, including:
Growing module reliability importance
Increasing n-type i-TOPCon solar module production
Easing supply chain constraints
PV Module Reliability Playing a Larger Role in Utility Solar Installations
Hurricane Ian knocked out power for nearly 2.7 million customers in late September and early October 2022, raising questions about the need for more resilient energy resources. However, one of the state's largest utility providers said the destruction impacted only 0.3% of the company's nearly 15 million solar panels. Thirty-eight of the company's solar systems located directly in Ian's path experienced little to no damage.
The hurricane underscores the importance of highly reliable utility-scale solar systems, particularly in a state prone to natural disasters. Especially as meteorologists forecast an increase in both the frequency and severity of hurricanes in the South Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico — regions with high irradiance levels, making them ripe for utility-scale solar installations.
Developers and EPCs working in hurricane-prone areas need PV modules with proven mechanical performance during extreme weather events. Trina Solar's 210mm Vertex 670W modules consistently demonstrate excellent performance during third-party advanced serial load tests, including extreme wind tunnel testing. The test results highlight that the 670W Vertex modules not only generate super-high power but also possess excellent reliability and can maintain their outstanding performance in the face of a hurricane.
TOPCon Solar Module Production Increasing
Utility-scale project developers and EPCs continue showing a growing interest in PV modules using tunnel oxide passivated contact technology called TOPCon. There's little question why since TOPCon technology improves the traditional PERC solar cell efficiency and lowers degradation to deliver more power for longer.
But as demand increases in response to this growing interest, many developers and EPCs might start wondering whether manufacturers' supplies can keep pace.
In 2022, TOPCon shipments were around 20 GW, with a market share of approximately 7%. Industry analysts expect these numbers to increase in 2023, reaching 60 GW in shipment levels and market shares of 20%. And looking ahead to 2024, TOPCon will likely reach shipment levels beyond 100 GW and a market share of 30%.
As the first mover of 210mm modules, Trina Solar recently put 210mm n-type capacity into mass production, reinforcing the company's competitiveness with next-generation n-type cell technology. Refining 210mm products and n-type technology will improve efficiency and cut costs.
Ideal for utility-scale projects, Trina Solar's Vertex N has a maximum output of 695 W and an efficiency level of 22.4% and will be widely available to meet the growing demand.
Supply Chain Issues Easing
The Solar Energy Industries Association's (SEIA) Q4 2022 Solar Market Insight Report noted that solar installations accounted for 45% of all new electricity-generating capacity to the US grid between January and September 2022. This growth rate happened despite supply chain constraints and exceeded the installation rate of every other electricity source. Furthermore, the report noted that solar panel import shipments should return to normal by the second half of 2023.
However, it's important to note that utility-scale solar projects were more likely to be impacted by supply chain disruptions than residential solar projects because of the difference in overall project components required for each. By easing the disruptions to supply chain constraints, utility-scale solar developers, financiers, and EPCs are the first to benefit.
The Solar Market Insight Report noted that once supply chain disruptions are solved, the utility-scale solar market is forecasted to install 150 GW by 2027, with annual installations ranging between 30-40 GW.
TrinaPro Utility Solutions Backs All Outlooks
From higher power gains to lower levelized cost of electricity (LCOE), the TrinaPro Solar Solution provides an all-in-one smart energy solution to turn utility-scale solar opportunities into reality. TrinaPro enhances the already-optimistic view of supply chain logistics in 2023 by streamlining the procurement process for project developers and EPCs to mitigate supply-chain and installation risks and increase project value.
2023 is a year of opportunities for utility-scale solar, and we want to partner with you to make the most of them.
Smart Energy Solutions
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provide some indication as to the period of its origin. Based on this information most jewelry experts believe that the Golash pearl brooch appear to be of Victorian origin, belonging to the mid-Victorian or Grand period, extending from 1860 to 1885. Circle brooches were a common design during the mid-Victorian period. Materials used for these brooches included gold, enameling, cabochon-cut deep-red garnets, pearls, and rose-cut diamonds. Margaret Flowers' book "Victorian Jewelry" gives black and white photographs of several circle brooches of the Mid-Victorian period. One of the circle brooches designed in 1865 is mounted with a large cabochon-cut deep-red garnet in the center, surrounded by a layer of pearls and rose-cut diamonds. A pendant made of pearls hangs from the brooch, with two loops of pearls on either side. Another circle brooch designed by Giuliano between 1865 and 1870, is made of enameled gold, with a cabochon-cut deep-red garnet in the center, surrounded by rows of rose-cut diamonds, and eight pearls placed symmetrically along the vertical and horizontal diameter of the circle. A drop-shaped pendant hangs from below the brooch, whose centerpiece is a drop-shaped deep-red garnet.
More circle brooches designed by Howell and James and displayed at the 1862 exhibition, are given on page 180. A photograph on page 181 also shows several circle brooches designed by Richard Green, and displayed at the 1862 exhibition. One of these brooches show a double row of pearls, surrounding a cabochon-cut gemstone in the center.
Evidence to show that Golash Quahog Pearl Brooch originated in the mid-Victorian period from 1860 to 1885
The Gholash Quahog pearl brooch, is essentially based on the same design as the above brooches of the mid-Victorian period. The brooch is made of enameled gold, a common material used for brooches during this period. The gemstone used as the centerpiece of the brooch is the large purple colored quahog pearl, known as the "Pearl of Venus." The black enamel design on a white enamel background, also depicts a trend that was common during the mid-Victorian period, a period of mourning for the Queen after the death of her beloved husband Prince Albert in 1861. During the first year of full mourning, black clothing and black jewelry were worn by the mourners. Black enameling of jewelry became popular during this period. Dark stones such as onyx, jet and vulcanite, were used in mourning jewelry. After the first year of mourning, half-mourning colors such as gray, mauve and purple clothing were used. Then purple amethysts, deep-red garnets and white pearls were also used in the mourning jewelry. The deep-red garnets used in the brooches described above, were a part of the mourning jewelry of this period. In the Gholash pearl brooch instead of a purple amethyst, a purple quahog pearl is used, the purple color being another feature of the half-mourning period. Another feature in the Gholash pearl brooch, similar to the Victorian brooches is the incorporation of a pendant to the brooch, whose centerpiece is another drop-shaped quahog pearl.
The mid-Victorian features in the Golash pearl brooch may be summarized as follows :-
1) The shape of the brooch being a circle, a common shape of brooches during this period.
2) The use of enameled gold for the brooch.
3) The use of a black enamel design on a white enamel background.
4) The use of a purple quahog pearl as the centerpiece of the brooch, purple being an accepted color during the half-mourning period.
5) The incorporation of a short pendant to the brooch, whose centerpiece is another purple drop-shaped quahog pearl. The use of purple color for the pendant again conforms to the accepted use of colors in jewelry during this period.
Thus the Gholash pearl brooch most probably originated in the mid-Victorian period from 1860 to 1885, nearly 150 years ago.
Golash seeks Benjamin Zucker's advice to obtain a reasonable price for his rare pearl brooch
Benjamin Zucker, renowned New York based gem expert, merchant and author
Golash had been seeking the advice of Benjamin Zucker, the president of Precious Stones Co. in New York, a renowned gemexpert, merchant and author, to obtain a reasonable price for his rare pearl brooch, by putting it up for sale at a reputed auction house like Christie's or Sotheby's. Zucker who was impressed by the pearl brooch, and described the quahog pearls in it as exceedingly rare and difficult to be valued, as there was nothing to compare it with, advised Golash to promote the pearl brooch by exhibiting it in natural history museums and exhibitions conducted by these museums, as well as in international gem and jewelry shows. He also advised Golash to find out everything about the provenance of the brooch, including its possible period of origin by consulting jewelry experts and historians, as a major part of the value of famous and historical pieces of gems and jewelry, was their provenance.
Was the Golash Quahog Pearl Brooch designed and crafted in Rhode Island, the hub of the jewelry industry in the United States, in the mid 19th-century?
Accordingly, Golash first met the owners of the antique shop at Newport, Rhode Island, where the pearl brooch was purchased. That was in the year 2002, two years after he purchased the pearl brooch. The antique shop was no more, and the two elderly ladies had since retired to Florida. He showed a picture of the pearl brooch to the old women, and asked them if they could provide more information on the history of the brooch. But unfortunately, the women said they could not remember it, which obviously meant that they could not even remember selling the piece to him. Drawing a blank in his efforts to trace its history, Golash consulted jewelry historians, who placed the probable origin of the pearl brooch to the Victorian period, somewhere between 1850 and 1875.
But, historians were not able to explain how such an antique piece of jewelry containing two exceedingly rare purple quahog pearls, made its appearance in the "Quahog capital of the World," Rhode Island, famous for its purple quahog pearls. The fact that the pearl brooch appeared in Rhode Island undoubtedly shows that the purple quahog pearls incorporated in it also originated in Rhode Island. The question now arises as to who designed the brooch and where it was crafted. The answer to these questions can only be a matter of conjecture. However, since the origin of the pearls was in Rhode Island, one can safely assume that the brooch was most probably designed and crafted, in one of the jewelry crafting centers in the United States at that time. The most important jewelry crafting center at that time in the United States, was Providence in Rhode Island. Thus, it was quite possible that the Golash Pearl Brooch was designed and crafted in Rhode Island itself. Though Rhode Island was famous as the center of the costume jewelry industry, it was quite possible that among the hundreds of jewelry firms that operated in Rhode Island at that time, there were at least some jewelry firms that still specialized in the manufacture of fine jewelry, such as the Golash Pearl Brooch. The designs for the jewelry manufacture was of course borrowed from the jewelry designers of Paris and London. Thus, the design of the Golash Pearl Brooch would have been inspired by the design of brooches produced during the mid-Victorian period, from _PHONE_
The history of the jewelry industry in Providence, Rhode Island
The history of jewelry manufacturing in the United States dates back to the period immediately after the revolution of 1776. The first jewelry shop where jewelry manufactured in the United States was sold, was opened in Providence, Rhode Island in August 1784, by a jeweler named Seril Dodge, who manufactured watches, clocks, and gold and silver jewelry. Dodge's business prospered as Providence became the center of the maritime trade, and soon several other jewelry shops were also opened. In 1794, as Seril Dodge was about to retire from business, his nephew Nehemiah Dodge opened his own jewelry shop for the manufacture of 18k gold jewelry. However, Nehemiah Dodge soon developed a technique for plating base metal like copper with gold. He became the first manufacturer of roll plated gold, which was used for turning out cheaper jewelry for the less wealthy. This was the beginning of the costume jewelry industry in the United States.
Providence, Jewelry Manufacturing Historic District
On the foundation laid by the Dodge family, the jewelry industry of Providence grew rapidly in the mid 19th-century, and soon expanded to other regions of New England. From 27 jewelry firms in 1830, employing 280 workers, the jewelry industry of Providence, Rhode Island, expanded to 150 companies, employing 2,700 workers by 1875, and by 1880, Rhode Island was the leading state in the manufacture of jewelry in the United States, accounting for more than one-quarter of the entire national jewelry production. By the year 1890, the number of jewelry firms in Providence, had grown to 200, employing 7,000 workers. Thus Rhode Island became the hub of the jewelry industry in the United states, at the turn of the


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History notes borrowed from Parachuting, The Skydiver's Handbook, by Dan Poynter and Mike Turoff
Parachuting competition dates to at least 1930 in Russia, where jumpers demonstrated who could land closest to a target. In 1948, the Federation Aeronautique Internationale named American Joseph Crane to chair the newly established Commission Internationale de Parachutisme (CIP), now known in this country as the International Parachuting Commission (IPC). The first FAI sanctioned World Parachuting Championships took place in Yugoslavia in 1951, with five European teams competing. The U.S. fielded its first team to world competition in 1956.
In modern competition, the first 4-way sequential event was introduced at the 1970 U.S. National Skydiving Championships. Canopy formation was added in 1983. Canopy piloting became a medal event at the 2005 Nationals in Perris, California, and the most recent event, vertical formation skydiving, became official in 2007 when USPA included it in the national skydiving championships at Skydive Chicago in Illinois. Meanwhile, the original freefall style and accuracy landing events, often called the "classics," remain a part of each U.S. Nationals and World Championships.


Definitions for hunchhʌntʃ
This page provides all possible meanings and translations of the word hunch
Random House Webster's College Dictionary
 1. (v.t.)to thrust out or up in a hump; arch:
 to hunch one's back.
 2. to shove, push, or jostle.
 3. (v.i.)to thrust oneself forward jerkily; lunge forward.
 4. to stand, sit, or walk in a bent posture.
 5. (n.)a premonition or suspicion; guess; theory.
 6. a hump.
 7. a push or shove.
 8. a lump or thick piece.
Origin of hunch:
1590–1600; appar. var. of obs. hinch to push, shove, kick, of obscure orig.
Princeton's WordNet
 1. intuition, hunch, suspicion(noun)
 an impression that something might be the case
 "he had an intuition that something had gone wrong"
 2. hunch(verb)
 the act of bending yourself into a humped position
 3. hunch, hump, hunch forward, hunch over(verb)
 round one's back by bending forward and drawing the shoulders forward
Kernerman English Learner's Dictionary
 1. hunch(noun)ˈʌnʧ
 a feeling, not based on evidence, that sth is true
 I had a hunch that I'd find you here.
 2. hunch(verb)ˈʌnʧ
 to sit or stand with your shoulders curved tightly inward
 people at the bus stop hunched against the cold wind; He sat hunched over a book.
 1. hunch(Noun)
 A stooped or curled posture; a slouch.
 The old man walked with a hunch.
 2. hunch(Noun)
 A theory, idea, or guess.
 I have a hunch they'll find a way to solve the problem.
 3. hunch(Noun)
 A hunk (piece of something)
 4. hunch(Verb)
 To slouch, stoop, curl, or lean.
 Do not hunch over your computer if you want to avoid neck problems.
 5. hunch(Verb)
 To push or jostle with the elbow; to push or thrust suddenly.
Webster Dictionary
 1. Hunch(noun)
 a hump; a protuberance
 2. Hunch(noun)
 a lump; a thick piece; as, a hunch of bread
 3. Hunch(noun)
 a push or thrust, as with the elbow
 4. Hunch(verb)
 to push or jostle with the elbow; to push or thrust suddenly
 5. Hunch(verb)
 to thrust out a hump or protuberance; to crook, as the back
 1. Hunch
 Hunch is a consumer web application that is building the "taste graph" of the internet, mapping every person on the internet to every entity on the internet and their affinity for that entity. An entity could be a web site, a cookbook, a hotel room, a celebrity, a restaurant, etc.Hunch creates a taste profile by asking them a series of questions which range from serious to profound and subsequently can make recommendations personalized to that user, which live in "topics".Topics vary widely, from entertaining subjects like 'Which superhero would you be' to more conventional questions like 'Should I Switch to A Mac?' The system then uses the answers to these questions to offer the user a suggested solution, a "hunch" of what the user would like.
Translations for hunch
Kernerman English Multilingual Dictionary
an idea or belief based on one's feelings or suspicions rather than on clear evidence
I have a hunch he'll be late.
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text:
The poster for "The London Merchant" features this ominous image of Jack the Ripper. Image by John Buckingham
The department of theatre at the College of the Holy Cross will present the 18th century show "The London Merchant" written by George Lillo and directed by Scott Malia, assistant professor of theatre, on October 31 and November 1-2 and 8-9 at 8 p.m. in Fenwick Theatre (located on the second floor of O'Kane Hall). Tickets are $7 for members of the Holy Cross community and $10 for the general public. Tickets can be reserved by calling the box office at _PHONE_.
In this seldom-seen 18th -century tragedy, the narrative follows George Barnwell, a naïve young apprentice who is seduced by the prostitute Sarah Millwood. She leads him down a path of duplicity, theft and murder; as his loved ones try to prevent his descent into crime, the young man wrestles with his sense of duty, identity and morality. George Lillo's gripping play asks whether we can ever achieve true forgiveness and redemption.
"The play is about the darkness in each of us," said Malia. "To emphasize this, we've set the play during the time of Jack the Ripper, so the audience can expect some scares along with the deep moral questions the play asks."
The play features a cast of 19 undergraduate students, including Patrick Simas '14 as George Barnwell and Cecilia Wolfe '15 as Sarah Millwood. In addition to an entirely undergraduate cast, students also make up the production crew, from lighting and sound to props and costume.
Image by John Buckingham.
For additional information, please contact Bridget Cass at _PHONE_.
Alumnus and Wife Named to 50 Most-Generous Philanthropist List for Record-Setting Gift to College
Chronicle of Philanthropy
When you read the Chronicle of Philanthropy's "Philanthropy 50," a special issue, which ranks the country's 50 most-generous philanthropists of the year, you will...02/04/16
'What I'm Reading: The Need and the Blessing of Prayer'
The Chronicle of Higher Education
In a piece for the Chronicle of Higher Education, Frank Vellaccio, senior vice president of the College of the Holy Cross, talks about his need for prayer as the College...02/02/16
Holy Cross Ranks Among Princeton Review's Top 'Colleges That Pay You Back'
The College of the Holy Cross is one of the nation's best colleges for students seeking great academics, outstanding career preparation, and generous financial aid –...


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Ce(IV) Doped TiO2 Nanoparticles and the Effect on Proliferation of BEL7402 Human Hepatoma Cells
To investigate nanoparticles' antitumor effect, a globose 30~35nm Ce(IV) doped Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (CDT) were prepared by impregnation method and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy(TEM). Proliferation of BEL7402 human Hepatoma cells was studied in vitro by using fluorescence microscopy and Flow Cytometry. The results show that cerium elements doping enhanced thermal stability of nano-size titanium dioxide to 800°C. With UV irradiated for 8min, BEL7402 were induced a dose-dependent apoptosis by CDT, about 28.2% , 41.5% and 88.3% cells were induced apoptosis after 24h at concentration of 60, 120 and 180ug/ml respectively, relative to 3.9% of that of control group cell just only in the presence of UV.
Xingdong Zhang, Xudong Li, Hongsong Fan, Xuanyong Liu
L. Wang et al., "Ce(IV) Doped TiO2 Nanoparticles and the Effect on Proliferation of BEL7402 Human Hepatoma Cells", Key Engineering Materials, Vols. 330-332, pp. 307-310, 2007


ANTECH Segmented Gamma Scanner (SGS)
The ANTECH segmented gamma scanner (or SGS) is a robust and comprehensive radioactive waste assay system for measuring waste in drums. It retains all of the capabilities of the original segmented gamma scanner developed by Parker, Riley and Martin at the Los Alamos National Laboratory in the USA, equipment that is widely used for radioactive waste assay around the world. The ANTECH Model G3200 also incorporates enhancements to the measurement capability of the original SGS.


LDAP support with OpenDJ
Web Interface set-up
OpenDJ, formerly known as OpenDS is a full implementation of the LDAP version 3 which is also supported by Liferay as a client. Hence, the integration as a generic LDAP service is rather trivial if performed via Web interface:
 - log in as the administrator and open the Control Panel in the Manage drop-down menu;
 - choose the Settings option within the Portal section;
 - here, on the left side, under Configuration options, chose Authentication, and finally LDAP;
 - Add the server;
 - name parameter identifies this particular server instance;
 - Other Directory Server should be selected as a generic LDAP server.
Connection:
 - Base Provider URL represents the server host and port in the URI syntax;
 - Base DN is the starting point in the tree where all the searches should start from;
 - Principal is the user which Liferay uses to connect to the directory and perform required operations;
 - Credentials is the password of the principal.
Users:
 - Authentication Search Filter is the filter Liferay would use to search for the Liferay users (hoovering over the question mark gives more information on the type of variables that could be used to perform the mapping of Liferay fields to LDAP attributes);
 - Import Search Filter is used to identify the LDAP entries to be imported to Liferay user database, if the import option has been set to true;
 - Screen Name is the LDAP attribute which will be used for the value of Liferay screen name, by defualt it is "cn" but it could also be "uid", depending on your directory design;
 - Password is the LDAP attribute which holds the user password hash, default is "userPassword" which is also the default value for OpenDJ;
 - E-mail Address is the LDAP attribute for the e-mail address, by default "mail";
 - Full Name is the LDAP attribute for the full name of the user, by default it is empty, but typically it is "cn";
 - First Name is the LDAP attribute for the first name of the user, by default it is "givenName";
 - Middle Name is the LDAP attribute for the given name, by default it is empty;
 - Last Name is the LDAP attribute for the last name, by default it is "sn";
 - Job Title is the LDAP attribute for the job title, by default it is "title";
 - Group Membership is the LDAP attribute which lists the groups which the user belongs to, in OpenDJ this should be set to the operational attribute "isMemberOf".
Groups:
 - Import Search Filter is the LDAP filter which identifies the entries representing groups to be imported into the Liferay database if the import option has been set to true;
 - Group Name is the LDAP attribute which holds the name of the group, it defaults to "cn";
 - Description is the LDAP attribute which holds the description of the group, it defaults to "description";
 - User is the LDAP attribute which identifies the LDAP entry belonging to the group, it defaults to "uniqueMember".
Export:
 - Users DN is the distinguished name of the LDAP branch which holds the user entries;
 - User Default Object Classes represents the object class hierarchy for the user entries, it defaults to "top,person,inetOrgPerson,organizationalPerson";
 - Groups DN is the distinguished name of the LDAP branch which holds the group entries;
 - Group Default Object Classes represents the object class hierarchy for the group entries, it defaults to "top,groupOfUniqueNames".
Most of the default values are reasonable and correspond to the standard schema, so you would normally want to leave them as such. However, apart from the minor changes that might be needed in order to reflect your directory design, the most notable parameter would be the "group membership" which you would want changed to "isMemberOf".

Properties file setup
Although most of the parameters are configurable through the web interface, there are a few more which can be set only within the portal-ext.properties file. Please note that the web interface settings take precedence over the properties file, so if you have the same parameter set in both places, only the one in the web interface would be used.
The properties file has to be created in:
<web server root>/webapps/ROOT/WEB-INF/classes
The LDAP parameters with their default values are:
ldap.factory.initial=com.sun.jndi.ldap.LdapCtxFactory
ldap.base.provider.url=ldap://localhost:10389
ldap.base.dn=dc=example,dc=com
ldap.security.principal=uid=admin,ou=system
ldap.security.credentials=secret
ldap.referral=follow
ldap.auth.enabled=false
ldap.auth.required=false
ldap.auth.method=bind
#ldap.auth.method=password-compare
ldap.auth.password.encryption.algorithm=
ldap.auth.password.encryption.algorithm.types=MD5,SHA
ldap.auth.search.filter=(mail=@email_address@)
ldap.user.default.object.classes=top,person,inetOrgPerson,organizationalPerson
ldap.user.mappings=uuid=uuid\nscreenName=cn\npassword=userPassword\nemailAddress=mail\nfirstName=givenName\nlastName=sn\njobTitle=title\ngroup=groupMembership
ldap.group.default.object.classes=top,groupOfUniqueNames
ldap.group.mappings=groupName=cn\ndescription=description\nuser=uniqueMember
ldap.import.enabled=false
ldap.import.on.startup=false
ldap.import.interval=10
ldap.import.user.search.filter=(objectClass=inetOrgPerson)
ldap.import.group.search.filter=(objectClass=groupOfUniqueNames)
ldap.import.method=user
#ldap.import.method=group
ldap.import.create.role.per.group=false
ldap.export.enabled=true
ldap.users.dn=ou=users,dc=example,dc=com
ldap.groups.dn=ou=groups,dc=example,dc=com
ldap.password.policy.enabled=false
ldap.error.password.age=age
ldap.error.password.expired=expired
ldap.error.password.history=history
ldap.error.password.not.changeable=not allowed to change
ldap.error.password.syntax=syntax
ldap.error.password.trivial=trivial
ldap.error.user.lockout=retry limit
As you can see, most of the parameters are the same as on the web interface, so we will focus on those that differ and affect the integration with OpenDJ:
 - ldap.auth.method, ldap.auth.password.encryption.algorithm and ldap.auth.password.encryption.algorithm.types are complementary and define the way Liferay handles authentication: ldap.auth.method can have two possible values: bind or password-compare. bind means the portal would try to perform an LDAP bind operation as the provided user and credentials (looking up it's DN with what is provided as the search filter parameter), and password-compare would generate a hash of the provided password and compare it to the has stored in the attribute specified as password parameter. For the second option, ldap.auth.password.encryption.algorithm and type specify which algorithms to use to produce the hash so that it can be matched to the hash in the directory.
 - ldap.import.method can be used to specified the way the LDAP entries are identified for importing (if this feature has been enabled). The possible values are: user and group. user option would use parameters specified for the user discovery (import filter and the attribute mapping), while the group option would first look for the groups and then import all members of the found groups.
 - although ldap.password.policy.enabled parameter exists in the web interface, the parameters which accompany it can be defined only the properties file. This parameter specifies that the Liferay should relay on the directory to handle the password policies (expiration, disabling and such) and the rest of the parameters define portions of the error messages returned by the directory which identify the state the account is in. Those parameters are: ldap.error.password.age, ldap.error.password.expired, ldap.error.password.history, ldap.error.password.not.changeable, ldap.error.password.syntax, ldap.error.password.trivial, ldap.error.user.lockout. Although, only ldap.error.user.lockout and ldap.error.password.expired are relevant as the LDAP authentication module does not verify any other.

LDAP password policy parameters
OpenDJ does not give the reason for the authentication failure by default as a security measure, but this option can be changed:
dsconfig -n -X set-global-configuration-prop -