text:
During the different phases of a masonry project, contractors collect detailed information about the labor productivity of its workers and the factors that influence productivity. Information includes quantitative data such as hours, activities, and tasks, and qualitative data such as ratings and personality factors. Personality factors have been found to be a key aspect that influences the compatibility of a crew and the productivity in masonry construction. This paper proposes a mathematical framework to determine how the compatibility between the workers in a crew can be used to predict productivity. A standard method for quantifying personality is used to determine the compatibility of a crew and empirically define a probability density to predict productivity. The probability density determines, for a given compatibility, the average productivity for a crew. The most interesting part of this probability density is that it accounts for variations in the productivity, resulting from the interaction and the relationships between the workers in a crew. The proposed probability distribution can be used to make more realistic predictions, by calculating confidence intervals, of the productivity of masonry crews and to better estimate times of construction, avoid crew conflicts, and find practical ways to increase production.
masonry construction, productivity, process improvement, crew formation, probability density
Florez, L. & Cortissoz, J. C. 2017, 'Probability Density Function for Predicting Productivity in Masonry Construction Based on the Compatibility of a Crew' In:, 25th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction. Heraklion, Greece, 9-12 Jul 2017. pp 655-662


11 Trending Words of 2014
perceptual constancy
the tendency of animals and humans to see familiar objects as having standard shape, size, colour, or location regardless of changes in the angle of perspective, distance, or lighting. The impression tends to conform to the object as it is or is assumed to be, rather than to the actual stimulus. Perceptual constancy is responsible for the ability to identify objects under various conditions, which seem to be "taken into account" during a process of mental reconstitution of the known image. For example, snow appears white in the low illumination of moonlight, as well as in sunlight 800,000 times as bright. Perceptual constancy is reduced by limited experience with the object and by decreasing the number of environmental cues that aid in identification of the object.
Learn more about perceptual constancy with a free trial on
Encyclopedia Britannica, 2008. Encyclopedia Britannica Online.
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Artifact Registry is the recommended service for managing container images. Container Registry is still supported but will only receive critical security fixes. Learn about transitioning to Artifact Registry.
Enabling and disabling the service
This page describes the steps to enable and disable Container Registry.
See Pricing for information about charges for Container Registry.
See the Container Analysis documentation for information about enabling Container Analysis APIs and pricing for vulnerability scanning.
Enabling service
 Go to project selector
 4. Install and initialize Cloud SDK if it is not already installed. To update an existing installation, run the command gcloud components update.
 5. Enable the API from Cloud Console or with the following gcloud command:
 gcloud services enable
Disabling service
To disable the API from the Cloud Console:
 1. Go to the API Overview page for Container Registry.
 2. Select the project where the API is enabled.
 3. Click Manage.
 4. Click Disable API.
Run the following command to disable the API for your current project:
gcloud services disable
What's next


Usage of /posts/{ids}/comments
Discussion
Gets the comments on the posts identified in ids, regardless of the type of the posts.
This method is meant for cases when you are unsure of the type of the post id provided. Generally, this would be due to obtaining the post id directly from a user.
{ids} can contain up to 100 semicolon delimited ids. To find ids programatically look for post_id, answer_id, or question_id on post, answer, and question objects respectively.
The sorts accepted by this method operate on the following fields of the comment object:
 - creationcreation_date
 - votesscore
creation is the default sort.
It is possible to create moderately complex queries using sort, min, max, fromdate, and todate.
This method returns a list of comments.
Try It
Stack Overflow [edit]


text:
22 tonnes of improved wheat seeds producedJute Research Programme in Itahari, Sunsari has produced eight different improved varieties of wheat seeds totalling 22 tonnes this year.The programme diversified its research to producing improved varieties of wheat, paddy and lentils seeds. It used to produce only jute seeds.
Jute Research Programme in Itahari, Sunsari has produced eight different improved varieties of wheat seeds totalling 22 tonnes this year.The programme diversified its research to producing improved varieties of wheat, paddy and lentils seeds. It used to produce only jute seeds.
The research office said that the objective to produce seeds is aimed at making optimum utilisation of government's land that has been housing agricultural firms. "We have produced 22 tonnes of improved varieties of wheat seeds this year under the government's policy to making the country self-reliant on seeds," said Govinda Timsina, a senior scientist at Jute Research Programme. "Out of 31 bigas of land, we have been producing seeds on 25 bigas."
According to him, jute seeds are normally produced during mid-March to mid-July. After that, the land normally is left idle.
"Now, we have started to better utilise the land." Under the programme, 3 tonnes of jute seeds are produced annually estimating jute cultivation coverage areas of 10 bigas. Wheat and lentil seeds are produced during the winter period, while paddy and jute seeds are produced in summer.
Timsina said that they had a target of producing 7.5 tonnes of wheat seeds, but managed to produce 22 tonnes. The produced varieties are NL-1055, NL-297, Bijay, Gautam Swargadwari, Dhaulagiri, Tillotama and Aditya. Likewise, 100 kgs of lentils seeds were also produced.
"Besides, wheat seeds, we have also produced improved varieties of paddy seeds this year during the summer plantation season," he said.
The programme had targeted producing 25 tonnes of paddy seeds of different varieties like Sukhha 3, Sambha sub-1, swarna sub-1, Kanchhi Mansuli and Hardinath. These improved varieties of paddy seeds are tolerant to extreme climatic changes stress like drought, flooding or submergence.
According to the government's statistics, the rate of seed replacement in Nepal is 11 percent, and under National Seed Vision 2013-25, the government plans to increase the rate to 25 percent for cereals by 2025.
Due to the lack of improved varieties of seeds, Nepal's agriculture has been suffering from low productivity particularly in the cereal crops.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


>. You can view the git forge as a Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS) or serverless computing provider. The app doesn't need to be deployed elsewhere, because the git forge itself is the execution environment. A GFA must be able to: Process data. Store data. Interact with the outside world. This is basically what computer applications do. Git forges have become powerful enough to do this. Imagine the following: you fork a repository and this instantiates the GFA. The GFA is now running under your git forge account. The web interface is available at https://<user>;app>/ and HTTP POST requests can also be used to interact with the application. The GFA could be a todo list, an RSS reader, a blog, etc. To the website visitor it appears like any other web application but everything happens within the git forge and no other hosting provider is necessary. Let's look at how it's possible to use a git forge as the execution environment for an app. Processing DataThe first order of business is executing code so that the application can process data. A configuration file is placed into a git repository to define runnable jobs. The job execution systems offered by git forges are GitLab CI and GitHub Actions, respectively. When the job is triggered it executes in a temporary environment, for example a Linux container image. It allows code hosted in the git repository to run on a server somewhere for a little while. There is a free allowance that grants a certain number of hours of unpaid execution time. This is how GFAs process data. For example, say we are building an RSS reader. Our repo looks like this:rss-reader/.gitlab-ci.yml - the job configuration file - download RSS feeds and check for new posts The .gitlab-ci.yml file will contain a scheduled pipeline that runs every 15 minutes. Storing DataApplications need to store data persistently. The primary way of doing that in a git forge is by storing data in the git repository itself. Mutable data can be kept on a separate branch called data and can be force-pushed to avoid forever increasing the repository size when we don't need to store previous revisions of the data. This works because each git branch has an independent commit history. The file namespace it stores is completely separate from other branches. This means it's possible to have the GFA's code on the main branch and to store data on the data branch without upsetting the commit history or files on the main branch. Data storage is available to jobs because they are allowed to manipulate their own git repository thanks to an authentication token. On GitHub GITHUB_TOKEN allows jobs to push to their git repository. This gives jobs a way of storing data. There are other forms of data storage besides the git repository. Artifactsare files produced by a job that can be downloaded via a URL. Artifacts are subject to expiry time and file size limitations. Caching is available to temporarily store files between job runs, although this data can be lost at any time. At this point you may be thinking that this is nice but there is no way to store private data if the git repository is public. Git forges offer a secrets mechanism where variables can be stored privately and only made available during job execution. This can be used to stash an encryption key so that the data is stored in public but is encrypted. Anyone can download the encrypted data but they will not have the key needed to decrypt it. Some applications can also take advantage of client-side encryption and homomorphic encryption. Interacting with the Outside WorldGit forges offer a wealth of ways to interact with the outside world, called triggers. Triggers can run a job when an HTTP POST request is made. POST requests typically need a trigger token for authentication, but that token can be published if the triggered job is safe to be invoked by anyone. Both browser clients and Webhooks can invoke triggers through HTTP POST requests. For example, imagine our RSS reader app needs an API to mark feeds as read. We define an HTTP POST trigger that runs a script that updates the feeds stored in the data branch. Since only the git repository owner should be able to invoke this trigger we do not publish the trigger token. Instead it is stored encrypted in the repository and the user provides a passphrase for decrypting this secret. At this point it is also useful to offer a web interface. This is possible thanks to the static pages hosting feature called GitLab Pages and GitHub Pages. Pushing HTML, JavaScript, CSS, and images to a special branch publishes the static website at https://<user>;app>/. For the most part GFAs are asynchronous, they cannot handle HTTP requests synchronously like a web application that outputs an HTTP response. Incoming HTTP requests simply schedule GFA jobs that run sometime later. There are a few ways around this. The browser can poll for results using XMLHttpRequest or similar techniques. Alternatively, a GFA can fire up a job that runs for several minutes although I haven't investigated if there is a practical way to communicate with a web application running in a job (I guess incoming HTTPS is tricky to achieve). Triggers offer a lot more fun than what I've already covered. They can respond to the creation and modification of wiki pages, issues, and pull request comments. This means it's possible to use those entities for interacting with the outside world. The GFA could act as a chat bot on its issue tracker, for example. LimitationsGit forges weren't designed for GFAs. But then they weren't initially designed to be Turing complete and offering ways to interact with the outside world either. That was added incrementally as demand for that functionality grew. Maybe git forges will evolve into full-blown serverless hosting competitors to today's cloud hosting providers. GFAs are a hack that uses features like static pages, CI jobs, and webhooks in a creative way to run applications on a git forge. Building GFAs that are actually useful is likely to hit some challenges: No synchronous requests - it is hard to implement search queries and other dynamic behavior in GFAs because they are primarily asynchronous (and slow!). This limitation matters for certain classes of applications. A lot can be done client-side instead to make up for this deficiency. But maybe someone can figure out how to do synchronous requests in GFAs. Security - I have outlined how to make data publicly available and also how to encrypt it so only the git repository owner can view the plaintext. This is enough for personal web applications, but it's not sufficient for multi-user applications. Maybe git forges offer a form of authentication that works with GFAs so multiple users can store private data in a single GFA instance (the git repository owner could view all users' data but other users could not). Free usage tiers - job execution time, storage capacity, and request throttling will limit how resource-intensive a GFA can be before it outgrows the free tier and eventually even the paid tier. The first generation of GFAs could be written from scratch with each job carefully designed. Then a second generation of GFAs could be built on top of frameworks that abstract the tedious git forge integration with standard APIs and data models. For example, a Vue.js frontend could use a key/value store API and the whole thing can be hosted as a GFA. Even if GFAs don't become a thing because git forges decide there is not enough demand to make them work really well, changing your perspective to think of git forges in this way is valuable. For example, I have a git repo for building a container image that I deploy on my server and that pushes output files to a web server host. All of that can be replaced with a git repository that runs a job and publishes to GitLab Pages. This simplifies things and frees me from maintaining infrastructure. ConclusionGit forges offer jobs for processing data, git repositories and artifacts for storing data, and triggers for interacting with the outside world. It is possible to build applications that exist solely as a git repository on a git forge. There is no longer a need to deploy code because the git forge itself is powerful enough to run non-trivial applications. I look forward to how


text:
Climate change is the grave reality of the twenty-first century. Hundreds of animal species necessary for a healthy ecosystem are getting extinct. Moreover, the temperature of the earth is rising drastically and taking the lives of thousands of people around the globe.
Pakistan is one of the countries of the world which is facing severe implications of climate change. Research claims that the number and duration of heatwaves have increased significantly over the course of years and are expected to reach new heights in the future. This highlights the need to study and research in climate change studies.
There several developed countries in the world that are actively leading to climate education. Canada has faced a drastic climate change due to which it is utilizing its sources to research problems and derive solutions. Pakistani students have a great opportunity of studying in Canada.
Going to Canada may seem like a difficult endeavor. Generally, students take the help of education consultants and secure their admissions to pursue their international education venture.
This article will highlight the reasons for pursuing climate change studies from Canada.
Top four reasons to pursue climate change studies from Canada
Canada is among the most developed countries in the world. When it faced climate change and environmental issues, it used its resources to find solutions. The developing and underdeveloped countries of the world are struggling because they do not have enough and efficient means to lead the research and find solutions.
The following are some of the most important reasons Pakistani students should pursue climate studies from Canada.
1. Top Ranking Institutes for Climate Change Studies
The University of British Columbia, University of Waterloo, and York University are among the top institutes of Canada. The institutes hold a significant position in the international rankings of climate change education. They provide the best quality education about the climatic and environmental issues, occurring not only in Canada but the whole world.
2. Leading in Climate Change Action Based Research
One of the most important reasons Pakistani students should pursue climate change education in Canada is that the country is actively leading the research in the field. The research is focused on renewable energy sources, the use of a smart grid, desalination, carbon reporting, and agricultural production. The research is intended to explore problems and devise strategies for their solution.
3. Special Focus on Sustainable Development
Another most important reason to study climate change in Canada is that the country is efficiently following the concepts of sustainable development. The students will get the opportunity of reviewing the practical implications of sustainable means. They will be able to learn as well as implement new strategies to save the atmosphere. They can also conduct research according to the conditions of their homeland and ensure the application of solutions.
4. Focus on Environmental Engineering Courses
Environmental engineering is one of the most important fields related to climate change studies. The climate is not getting affected by the practices of one person or industry. The whole world is contributing it. Therefore, there is a great need for changing our thinking patterns and practices to ensure the safety of the atmosphere.
The focus of environmental engineering courses in Canada is revolutionizing the industrial sector to minimize pollution, agricultural sectors to ensure enough food production and carbon emissions to control the harm caused to the ozone layer.
Want to contribute to saving the atmosphere?
The least you can do is change your practices and reduce carbon emissions to the atmosphere. You can also think big and become an active supporter of a safe climate. For this, you will have to set an example for the rest of society and show them the right path. You can also pursue climate change studies form Canada.
If you are worried about the process, there are a number of opportunities that you can explore. You can consult the education consultants in Islamabad and secure your admission as well as ensure a smooth visa process. By getting climate education, you will be able to lead, and implement the research to improve the climatic conditions. So, do not sit back but play your role in saving the earth.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text: A heap of rocks in Berowra Creek at the upstream entrance to Marramarra Creek; submerged at high tide. Shown as Pelican Island on a 1926 chart, also known as Pelican Reef. William Bradley's 1789 chart of Broken Bay and the lower river shows three very small islands at the location of Ballast Island so there was a reef of some kind at this site. During the nineteenth century, sailing vessels would have dumped their ballast on this reef in order to avoid creating another navigational hazard. Vessels sailing from Sydney to the Hawkesbury carried rocks as ballast and these were then thrown overboard when cargo was to be loaded. A number of these ballast heaps may be seen along the shoreline almost as far upstream as Windsor.


text:
The Government of AJ&K established Power Development Organization ( previously Hydro Electric Board) in 1989, to plan & to undertake development of identified hydro potential. It has so far completed 15 Projects having total installed capacity of 57 MW. These Stations are collectively generating 220.00 Gwh of energy annually with annual revenue of Rs. 575.547 Million @ 2.59 KW/H.
The State of Azad Jammu & Kashmir due to its topography and abundance of water resources offers attractive prospects for development of hydro power projects. The hydro power potential of the state was assessed by Hydro Electric Planning Organization (HEPO) of WAPDA in collaboration with different International Agencies in the three major catchments of river Neelum, Jhelum & Poonch.
A no of projects have been identified with a total capacity of more than 8000 MW in Jehlum, Neelum and Poonch river catchments. If these hydro power projects are develop. They can contribute significantly towards the social-economic development of the state besides being source of cheap and reliable energy for the future need of Pakistan. To administer the development of indigenous resources the Government of AJK is keenly supporting efforts to identify, conduct site investigations, plan and develop hydro power projects in the State. Development of the schemes shall provide following additional advantages:
Major advantages in exploiting hydropower potential of AJ&K are


text:
How to export dashboard data
You can export an entire dashboard or individual tiles to a file or collection of files. The export includes all the data displayed during the current time range and the settings that created the display. Typically, an export does not include all the data collected during the current time range, just the summarizations of the collected data that are displayed in the dashboard or tile. For example, Graph tiles automatically align data points when the amount of space for display and the time range to represent are variable.
Export entire dashboard
You can export a dashboard as a collection of CSV or JSON files bundled in a ZIP archive.
In the dashboard header, click the export control, and then click CSV or JSON.
The dashboard itself and the tiles that support data export are exported as separate files.
Export individual tile
You can export data from any tile to a CSV or JSON file:
Follow these steps:
In the tile header, click the vertical ellipsis (⋮).
On the menu, click Export, and then click CSV or JSON.


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Make Directory Function
File Names Class
Public Function MakeDirectory( _
 ByVal vDirectory As Variant _
 ) As Variant
Create the named directory even if the other directories along the path do not currently exist.
Function returns True upon success and False if the directory cannot be created for any reason.
Example:
 ' Example will create directory C:\TEMP\LEVEL2\LEVEL3
 ' even if it has to create C:\TEMP and C:\TEMP\LEVEL2
 MakeDirectory("C:\TEMP\LEVEL2\LEVEL3") = True
See also:
 UniquePathNamesVariantVector Function
vDirectory: Name of the directory that is to be created. Function returns Null if vDirectory is Null or cannot be fixed-up to a string.
Note: If this function fails, it is usually because either 1) the drive is invalid, or 2) there is already a file whose name conflicts with some part of the path name vDirectory. For example, the above example would return False if there were no drive "C" or if there were already a file named "C:\TEMP", "C:\TEMP\LEVEL2", or "C:\TEMP\LEVEL2\LEVEL3".
Copyright _PHONE_ Entisoft
Entisoft Tools is a trademark of Entisoft.


text:
POTSDAM – Clarkson University's Egon Matijevic, the Victor K. LaMer Professor of Colloid and Surface Science, and Evgeny Katz, the Milton Kerker Chair in Colloid Science, are listed in the H-index of living scientists.
The H-index attempts to measure both the scientific productivity and the apparent scientific impact of a scientist. The index is based on the set of the scientist's most cited papers and the number of citations that they have received in other people's publications.
At ranking #218, Matijevic, with an H of 69, has published 69 papers (among total 575 papers), which have each received at least 69 citations.
At ranking #380, Katz, with an H of 60, has published 60 papers (among more than 300 papers), which have each received at least 60 citations.
It should be noted that this listed of the most-cited chemists totals only 587 worldwide with the two Clarkson's professors among them.
The index was suggested by physicist Jorge E. Hirsch as a tool for determining quality of scientific publications of a person and is sometimes called the Hirsch index or Hirsch number.
The purpose of this index is similar to the popular impact factor, which is used to rank the quality of scientific journals, but it is applied to a person. The definition of the H-index and the explanations of its importance can be found at _URL_
The latest list, compiled by Henry Schaefer of the University of Georgia, together with colleague Amy Peterson, was updated in November 2010 and can be found at _URL_

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Current Limitations of the Cost-Based Optimization Process
The cost-based optimization process can be only applied to a query when there are statistics for all the base views involved in the query.
Example: Let us suppose V1 and V2 are base views from the same database and V3 is a base view from another data source. Let us also suppose DV is a derived view obtained by joining V1 and V2. Because V1 and V2 are from the same database, Virtual DataPort pushes down the join operation to the database.
Let us suppose we execute the following query:
This query can benefit from the cost-based optimization only when we have gathered the statistics of V1, V2 and V3.
When the cost-based optimization cannot be applied because the statistics of a required view are lacking or are disabled, the execution trace contains a message like "Missing statistics or not activated in the following nodes: DV, V3"
In addition, you have to take into account the following limitations of the cost-based optimization process:
 - This optimization is not applied in queries involving subqueries in the WHERE clause.
 - Although possible, we do not recommend enabling the cost-based optimization in views obtained from Multidimensional Databases or ITPilot data sources. The cost-based optimization process makes certain assumptions that are not verified in those types of data sources. Therefore, cost estimations may produce unexpected results.
 - The n-joins involving any left, right or full outer join will not be reordered. Virtual DataPort will still try to find the best execution plan for each 2-join in the n-join, but it will execute them in the order specified by the query.


OQL RANGEEND
Last update: Edit
1 Description
The RANGEEND function extracts the end value of a range parameter.
RANGEBEGIN and RANGEEND are OQL functions that use a parameter, and OQL parameters are only available in datasets (which are used for generating a report). When you create a page and add a report that has a dataset, you can use RANGEBEGIN and RANGEEND in that dataset.
2 Syntax
The syntax is as follows:
RANGEEND ( $range )
$range specifies the range parameter.
3 Example
This is an example of using a range in OQL, where $range is set to last week, which will give you all the customers born in the last week:
SELECT FirstName AS First, LastName AS Last, Name AS Name, Birthday AS BDay, CustomerType AS Type FROM Sales.Customer
WHERE Birthday IN ($rangeLastWeek)
This example uses the RANGEEND function in the WHERE clause, which will give you all the customers born since the end of last week:
SELECT FirstName AS First, LastName AS Last, Name AS Name, Birthday AS BDay, CustomerType AS Type FROM Sales.Customer
WHERE Birthday > RANGEEND($rangeLastWeek)


text:
Water: Community-Based Water Resiliency
Pilot Lessons Learned and Recommendations
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) launched the Community-Based Water Resiliency (CBWR) initiative to increase overall community preparedness by raising awareness of Water Sector Interdependencies and enhance integration of the Water Sector into community emergency preparedness and response efforts.
To that end, EPA has supported several water emergency community meetings to discuss specific water challenges of the community and help enhance the preparedness and resiliency in the face of water service interruptions. These meetings highlighted lessons learned during past emergency responses and provided recommendations to improve resiliency.
St. Clair County Water Resiliency Roundtable Summary (PDF) (15 pp, 351K, About PDF)
EPA 817-S-13-001, April 2013
Please click on the tabs below to learn more about their lessons learned and recommendations.
- Response Plans
- Emergency Communications
- Alternative Supply Planning
- Continuity of Operations
Water Sector Interdependencies
- Many critical community services and businesses rely on drinking water and wastewater services to operate. An interruption to water service would likely limit or halt these services.
- Many organizations do not plan for a loss of water service, because drinking water and wastewater services have been reliable.
- Water utilities also rely on other critical infrastructures, such as transportation and electricity. Damage to these infrastructures can impact the delivery of drinking water and wastewater services.
Emergency Response Plans
An Emergency Response Plan is a document that describes the actions that you would take in response to various emergency incidents (e.g., flood, contamination, vandalism).
- Many emergency response plans do not address an interruption to drinking water and wastewater services.
- Water utilities are not often included in community-wide emergency response exercises.
- Ensure emergency response plans address an interruption to drinking water and wastewater services. See the Preparedness Planning section of our Emergency Response page for on developing or updating your emergency response plan.
- Exercise your emergency response plans! Take advantage our Tabletop Exercise Tool for Water Systems: Emergency Preparedness, Response, and Climate Resiliency to assist utilities in exercising their emergency response plans.
- Engage decision makers in water sector and critical infrastructure preparedness planning process by participating in Local Emergency Planning Committees (LEPCs)
- The flow of communications between responders and the public can drastically impact the success of an emergency response.
- Roles and responsibilities during an emergency are often unclear.
- Landline and cellular phone service may not be reliable during an emergency.
- Ensure that all contact lists are kept up to date. Use these contact lists during exercises and update accordingly.
- Host a community-wide meeting on water emergencies to build relationships in advance of an emergency. The Water Resiliency Action Plan (WRAP) Kit, part of the CBWR Tool, provides a step-by-step process for planning and conducting a meeting.
- Ensure all emergency preparedness entities have a Government Emergency Telecommunications Service (GETS) Card to ensure completion of their phone calls when normal calling methods are unsuccessful, during period of severe network congestion. Utilize the GETS Web site to determine eligibility and get the card.
- Message mapping can help your organization prepare for crisis communications in advance of an emergency. Read the Effective Risk and Crisis Communication during Water Sector Emergencies (PDF) (72 pp, 1MB, About PDF) Summary Report for more information.
- Ensure that all response partners are properly training in the Incident Command System/National Incident Management System (ICS/NIMS) Framework.
Alternative Supply Planning
- Alternative water supplies can provide potable water during an emergency for community drinking water needs and for the maintenance of critical services.
- Many businesses and organizations in a community often rely on the same distributor for bottled water.
- Interconnections with other utilities are often not tested or exercised regularly.
- Without an alternative water supply, facilities may be forced to shut down. Hospitals may have to relocate patients.
- Obtain additional information on alternative water supplies during an emergency from the Planning for an Emergency Drinking Water Supply (PDF) (51 pp, 811K, About PDF).
- Conduct water audits to identify water usage and critical needs during an emergency.
To learn about conducting a water audit at your facility, read the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention document, Emergency Water Supply Planning Guide for Hospitals and Healthcare Facilities (PDF) (95 pp, 2MB, About PDF).
- Identify, test, and exercise interconnections between local water systems.
Continuity of Operations
- Continuity of operations planning (COOP) ensures that essential functions can continue during an emergency.
- Many businesses are not prepared for an interruption to drinking water and wastewater services for more than three days.
- Businesses may be forced to shut down or relocate if water service is not restored quickly.
- Hospitals may have to shut down and patients relocated to alternate healthcare facilities.
- Cross-train employees to handle multiple responsibilities.


text:
What are the 50 State Animals?
In 1782, the United States' founders selected the American Bald Eagle as the official symbol for the infant nation. The majestic, soaring bird and its life in the vast frontier inspired the country.
About 150 years later, individual states began choosing their own animal symbols for local representation and regional pride. Each state in the union has at least an official bird symbol. Many states have also selected a variety of other species within the animal kingdom as representatives. The animals reflect their local habitats, regional economic strengths and historical significances.
In 2008, Andrew Woodward embarked on the painting project, 'Fifty State Animals.' A piece dedicated to Americana, fifty 8 x 8" panels hang in a grid displaying fifty state animal symbols. Woodward begins each painting with an abstract, patterned backgrounds. He then selects the animals that fit best for each composition. "What is Fifty State Animals," at Made in Fort Point, explains the animals' history for the viewers with prints and is highlighted by an installation of the series.
You can find Andrews work at Made in Fort Point
"What Are The Fifty State Animals?"
Opening Reception Thursday March 10th, 5-7pm
Made in Fort Point
12 Farnsworth Street


Nom Photos
by Hot
Members of the National Puzzlers' League have puzzle pseudonyms, aka "noms". The NPL Web site features a page of nom photos.
Here are instructions on how to post nom photos, should you be moved to do it yourself. You will need to log into the wiki, which requires a password, which you can get from treasurer(at)puzzlers(dot)org.
Before you start, you should reduce the size of the photo file you're uploading, so as to avoid overloading the server. So as to fit on the page, the width of the photo will be set to 320 pixels (landscape) or 240 pixels (portrait). Anything bigger is a waste.
 1. Go to the nom photos page. Click on Edit this Page.
 2. Click on the image icon, above the editing field. (The icon is directly to the left of the smiley face.) A new window opens.
 3. On the navigation pane on the left of the new window, expand krewe, by clicking on the + sign to its left. Then click on noms. That will get you to the right place. If you succeeded, the words :krewe:noms should appear at the top of the window.
 4. Click on Choose File. Find and select the image file in your computer. Enter "nom.jpg" for Upload as. (Use the actual nom -- no quotation marks. Make it all lower-case. If that filename already exists, make it "nom-2.jpg, or something else to distinguish it.)
 5. Click Upload. The image should appear in its alphabetical order position on the list below.
 6. The first line should start with ||, end with ||, and have a || near the middle. (This tells the wiki to have two cells in a table, with the || indicating the vertical lines.) If the right-hand cell does not have an image in it, skip to step 8 to put your own image in it.
 7. If the first line's right hand cell already has an image in it, copy the first line, and paste it at the very top of the page, making this the new first line.
 8. Add the nom references, or change the nom references in the pasted line to the nom in the photo you're uploading -- each nom appears twice. The first mention needs to match exactly the name of the image file you have uploaded, presumably "nom.jpg" or something close. Also enter the location where the photo was taken (if you know it), following the pattern of other photos where the location was indicated. Use 320 for landscape, 240 for portrait.
 9. Go back to the edit window, and click Save. Hopefully, the image is there!
If doing this is too much of a hassle, or if you need help, e-mail me. But really, it's easier than it seems, especially if you compare with solving an Uc rebus.


text:
This paper presents the results of the concentrations (μg/L) and fluxes (g/ha) of priority substances in stormwater from three watersheds with different land use patterns (namely, residential, urban dense, high urban density). Samples were collected at the outlet of these watersheds. Thirteen chemical groups were investigated corresponding to 88 individual substances before treatment. Results showed that stormwater discharges contained 55 substances, among them some metals, organotins, PAHs, PCBs, alkylphenols, pesticides, phthalates, cholorophenols and volatile organic compounds. Therefore, stormwater was highly contaminated. However, this contamination was often comparable from site to site, since no significant difference of the pollutant load was observed between the land use patterns.
Influence of the land use pattern on the concentrations and fluxes of priority pollutants in urban stormwater
S. Zgheib, R. Moilleron, G. Chebbo; Influence of the land use pattern on the concentrations and fluxes of priority pollutants in urban stormwater. Water Sci Technol 1 October 2011; 64 (7): 1450–1458. doi: _URL_
Download citation file:
Impact Factor 1.915
CiteScore 3.3 • Q2
First Decision in 30 days


text: abstract: The phenomenon of time and spatial evolution of growing networks is often appearing in the field of life sciences, ranging from biology related examples, blood vessels expansion in the human body or plant's invasion of the soil through roots spread, to network of social interactions between individuals. In this work we focus on the hyphal growth in the filamentous fungus Podospora anserina, and propose a stochastic model for their spreading mechanism at the microscopic scale. The growth of new branches is driven by a field of nutrients, absorbed by the network itself. Creation of new branches is also considered as well as merging of an existing branch into another one. A deterministic PDE is then obtained as macroscopic limit for the density of the network, both in space and velocity variable.


text:
Exiting the program.
Defines the exit codes that a program can return.
indicates successful termination;
indicates program failure with an exit code. The exact interpretation of the code is operating-system dependent. In particular, some values may be prohibited (e.g. 0 on a POSIX-compliant system).
On program termination, the standard
stderr are flushed automatically; any other buffered
need to be flushed manually, otherwise the buffered data will be
A program that fails in any other way is treated as if it had
A program that terminates successfully without calling
explicitly is treated as it it had called
ExitCode is not an
the error handling in the
IO monad and cannot be intercepted by
catch from the Prelude. However it is a
SomeException, and can
be caught using the functions of Control.Exception. This means
that cleanup computations added with
(from Control.Exception) are also executed properly on
Note: in GHC,
exitWith should be called from the main program
thread in order to exit the process. When called from another
exitWith will throw an
ExitException as normal, but the
exception will not cause the process itself to exit.


bubbling phase" mean.
Ember registers listeners for these events similarly to how we might do it ourselves with jQuery i.e.
 - Ember attaches all its listeneners to a single element in the DOM.
 - This element is usually <body>. If you specify a rootElement then that will be used instead.
 - Ember attaches its listeners to the "bubbling" phase.
Example: A simplistic approach
The pattern of how Javascript (Ember) works is periods of intense activity in response to some event followed by idleness until the next event happens. Lets dig a little deeper into these periods of intense activity.
We already know that the first code to get run in reponse to an event is the listener function that Ember registered with the browser. What happens after that?
Lets consider some code from an imaginary simple Javascript app:
_URL_
This code manages the "Mark all completed" button in the UI.
Click the button a few times and notice the console output. Notice that there are some patterns to the tasks performed:
 1. Updating the model
 2. Updating the DOM (rendering)
and that the do work as you find it approach that this app takes causes these different types of work to be interleaved.
The code in this app is obviously very incomplete and I'm sure you can see many ways it could be improved. However there are some problems that might not be obvious at first, problems that you will only start to notice when the app grows in complexity. To understand these lets look at what it is not doing:
 1. It is not coordinating its access of the DOM. Every time the app updates the DOM the browser does a layout and paint. These are very expensive operations especially on mobile devices.
 2. It has no way of telling us when DOM updating is finished. We can certainly hook into the click handler for the "Mark all completed" button but what if had started some asynchronous work like updating the server? If this app was more realistic it would be very difficult to know where we should add code that would be run when all DOM updates had finished.
 3. It is not controlling when objects get deleted. Currently our app is so trivial that this is not a problem but imagine if we had hundreds of todo items and complex processing of each one i.e. processing each todo item created a lot of temporary objects in memory. After a while the browser will decide that enough is enough and that it needs to "clean up" these objects and make their memory available again i.e. it will run garbage collection. Since our app cannot run while GC is happening the user may notice a pause.
Together these problems mean our simplistic Todo app will have serious scaling problems.
Enter the runloop
We have identified some problems caused by an uncoordinated approach to doing work. How does Ember solve them?
Instead of doing work as it finds it, Ember schedules the work on an internal set of queues. By default Ember has six queues:
console.log(Ember.run.queues);
// ["sync", "actions", "routerTransitions", "render", "afterRender", "destroy"]
Each queue corresponds to a "phase of work" identified by the Ember core team. This set of queues and the code that manages them is the Ember runloop.
You can see a summary of the purpose of each queue in the runloop Guide but here we are going to focus on the queues themselves.
How it works
First lets get some terminology sorted:
 - A job on a queue is just a plain ol' Javascript callback function.
 - Running a job is simply executing that function.
How Ember handles events:
 1. A browser event happens and Ember's registered listener for that event is triggered.
 2. Early on in its response to the event, Ember opens a set of queues and starts accepting jobs.
 3. As Ember works its way through your application code, it continues to schedule jobs on the queues.
 4. Near the end of its response to the event Ember closes the queue-set and starts running jobs on the queues. Scheduled jobs can themselves still add jobs to the queues even though we have closed them to other code.
 5. The runloop Guide has an excellent visualisation of how jobs are run but in brief:
 1. Scan the queues array, starting at the first until you find a job. Finish if all queues are empty.
 2. Run the job (aka execute the callback function)
 3. Go to step 1
Lets consider some subtle consequences of this simple algorithm:
 - Ember does a full queue scan after each job - it does not attempt to finish a full queue before checking for earlier work.
 - Ember will only get to jobs on a queue if all the previous queues are empty.
 - Ember cannot guarantee that, for example, all sync queue tasks will be complete before any actions tasks are attempted because jobs on any queue after sync might add jobs to the sync queue. Ember will however do its best to do work in the desired order. It is not practical for your app to schedule all work before any is performed so this flexibility is necessary.
 - At first glance it may seem that the runloop has two distinct phases
 1. Schedule work
 2. Perform the work but this is subtly incorrect. Functions that have been scheduled on a runloop queue can themselves schedule functions on any queue in the same runloop. It is true that once the runloop starts executing the queues that code outside the queues cannot schedule new jobs. In a sense the initial set of jobs that are scheduled are a "starter set" of work and Ember commits to doing it and also doing any jobs that result from those jobs - Ember is a pretty great employee to have working for you!
Something that is not obvious from that description is that there is no "singleton" runloop. This is confusing because documentation (including this guide) uses the phrase "the runloop" to refer to the whole system but it is important to note that there is not a single instance of the runloop in memory (unlike the Ember container which is a singleton). There is no "the" runloop, instead there can be multiple instances of "a" runloop. It is true that Ember will usually only create one runloop per DOM event but this is not always the case. For example:
 - When you use Ember.run (see below) you will be creating your own runloop that may go through its full lifecycle while the runloop that Ember uses is still accepting jobs.
 - Usually an Ember application will boot within a single runloop but if you enable the Ember Inspector then many more runloops happen at boot time.
Another consequence of the runloop not being a singleton it that it does not function as a "global gateway" to DOM access for the Ember app. It is not correct to say that the runloop is the "gatekeeper" to all DOM access in Ember, rather that "coordinated DOM access" is a pleasant (and deliberate!) side-effect of organising all the work done in response to an event.. As mentioned above, multiple runloops can exist simultaneously so there is no guarantee that all DOM access will happen at one time.
How often do runloops happen?
From what I have observed, Ember typically runs one runloop in response to each DOM event that it handles.
Visualising the runloop for yourself
This repo also contains the noisy runloop kit which is trivial demo app and a copy of Ember that I have patched to be very noisy about what its runloop does. You can add features to the demo app and see how the actions the runloop takes in response in the console. You can also use the included version of Ember in your own project to visualise what is happening there. Obviously you should only include this in development because it will slow the runloop down a lot.
Enough with the mousemove already!
When you start getting the runloop to log its work you will quickly get overwhelmed by its running in response to mouse events that happen very frequently on desktop browsers e.g. mousemove. Below is an initializer for Ember that will stop it listening to certain events. You probably want to add this to whatever Ember app you are trying to visualise the runloop for unless you are actually using mousemove, mouseenter, mouseleave in your app.
/**
 * Tell Ember to stop listening for certain events. These events are very
 * frequent so they make it harder to visualise what the runloop is doing. Feel
 * free to adjust this list by adding/removing events. The full list of events
 * that Ember listens for by default is at
 * _URL_
 *
 */
Ember.Application.initializer({
 name: 'Stop listening for overly noisy mouse events',
 initialize: function(container, application) {
 var events = container.lookup('event_dispatcher:main').events;
 delete events.mousemove;
 delete events.mouseenter;
 delete events.mouseleave;
 }
});
What are autoruns?
Calls to any of
 - run.schedule
 - run.scheduleOnce
 - run.once
have the property that they will approximate a runloop for you if one does not already exist. These automatically (implicitly


Enter your word and click here to search
Spell check of tribunal
Spellweb is your one-stop resource for definitions, synonyms and correct spelling for English words, such as tribunal. On this page you can see how to spell tribunal. Also, for some words, you can find their definitions, list of synonyms, as well as list of common misspellings.
Correct spelling:
Court of justice.
court (noun)
bar, court-martial, judicature, bench, appellate court, court of law, circuit court, supreme court, board, court, session.
council (noun)
parliament, committee, coalition, forum, inquisition, caucus, convention, assembly, meeting, congress, summit, conference, faction, league, council, legislature, cadre, court, chamber, cabinet, board, panel, congregation, symposium, quorum, body.
Other synonyms:
court, judicature.
Examples of usage:
 1. Then, to extreme disappointment, the august tribunal, acting on behalf of the sovereign people in the interest of peace, declared itself powerless, and got out, and would, doubt, have gone about its business if it had had any. Fulkerson's no - "A Hazard of New Fortunes, Part Fifth", William Dean Howells.
 2. For the County Court in country districts has become a tribunal whose decisions enter, as it were, into the very life of the people. - "Hodge and His Masters", Richard Jefferies.
 3. one knew the precise circumstances, because, like so many similar family disputes, when the lawyers were ready, and the case had come before the tribunal, a compromise was arrived at, the terms of which were only known to the tribunal and the parties directly concerned. No - "Hodge and His Masters", Richard Jefferies.
Common misspellings:
 1. tribuneral (48%)
 2. trubunal (17%)
 3. tribuanl (13%)
 4. tribunial (9%)
 5. tribunual (9%)
 6. tribual (4%)
Discover what are words like tribunal. Discover what is a synonym for tribunal. Discover what is another word for tribunal. Discover what is an alternative word for tribunal. Discover what are more words for tribunal.


text:
Otto Hahn/Getty Images/Picture Press RM
The European hornet, or vespa crabro, helps make wine by kickstarting the fermentation process while the grapes are still on the vine.
The European hornet, or vespa crabro, helps make wine by kickstarting the fermentation process while the grapes are still on the vine. Otto Hahn/Getty Images/Picture Press RM
The next time you take a sip of your favorite wine, you might want to make your first toast to hornets. Or, more precisely, European hornets and paper wasps.
That's because those big scary flying insects whose stings can be especially painful may be the secret to the wonderful complex aroma and flavor of wine. "Wasps are indeed one of wine lovers' best friends," says Duccio Cavalieri, a professor of microbiology at the University of Florence in Italy.
Cavalieri and his colleagues discovered that these hornets and wasps bite the grapes and help start the fermentation while grapes are still on the vines. They do that by spreading a yeast called Saccharomyces cerevisiae — commonly known as brewer's yeast and responsible for wine, beer and bread fermentation — in their guts. When the wasps bite into the fruit, they leave some of that yeast behind.
Cavalieri says one of the reasons the discovery is so exciting for him is that it's an example of just how connected the natural world is and how humans rely on this interconnection in ways we simply cannot perceive.
"It's important because it's telling to me it's crucial to look at conservation and the study of biodiversity," says Cavalieri, one of the authors who published his findings in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences recently.
"Everything is linked," he adds.
Of course, Cavalieri says, winemakers can add yeast later. But wines would not taste the same without wasps. Different yeasts applied at different times have a big impact on flavors. The wasps also introduce other microorganisms to the grapes, which add flavors to the wine.
"One of the most beautiful things of wine is the fact that basically it's complex; it's made of several parts and it communicates to several parts of your brain," he says, which could be lost without the wasps and hornets.
Cavalieri comes by his interest in wine naturally. He's from a family of winemakers in the Chianti region of Italy. He first had the inkling of hornets' special role when he saw them piercing the skin of grapes during field research in the region 15 years ago.
Insects have long helped out with wine and other crops, we just didn't know why. At least since the time of the ancient Romans, winemakers have planted flowers near their vines to lure certain insects.
The researchers were able to unwrap the mystery of the insects' role by using DNA sequencing techniques to analyze the genes of the yeast, then tracing them to the guts of wasps. They even did a lab experiment to see if hornets could pass the yeast to their offspring, and they did.
Other insects and birds also carry the yeast, Cavalieri says.But hornets seem to play a special role because they both harbor the yeast over winters and can pass them along to their offspring.
You can imagine a vineyard might be interested in pest control — but perhaps it should be careful about which bugs it considers pests.
Evolutionary biologist Anne Pringle of Harvard, who was not involved in the study, says the findings have two strong messages: Great wines need bugs and people still know almost nothing about ecology.
"If you'd like to have your grapes fermented by local yeasts, which I think many vineyards do, then you have to have these insects around," she says.


WordCmp.com
molecule vs supermolecule
supermolecule vs molecule
molecule and supermolecule both are nouns.
Word NounAdjectiveVerbAdverb
molecule Yes No No No
supermolecule Yes No No No
As nouns, supermolecule is a hyponym of molecule; that is, supermolecule is a word with a more specific, narrower meaning than molecule:
 - molecule: (physics and chemistry) the simplest structural unit of an element or compound
 - supermolecule: any very large complex molecule; found only in plants and animals
molecule (noun) supermolecule (noun)
(physics and chemistry) the simplest structural unit of an element or compound any very large complex molecule; found only in plants and animals
(nontechnical usage) a tiny piece of anything
Difference between molecule and supermolecule
© WordCmp.com 2024, CC-BY 4.0 / CC-BY-SA 3.0.


Boost.Locale
Default Encoding under Microsoft Windows
All modern operating systems use Unicode.
 - Unix operating system family use UTF-8 encoding by default.
 - Microsoft Windows had migrated to Wide/UTF-16 API. The narrow encodings had been deprecated and the native OS API became so called "Wide API"
As a result of radically different approaches, it is very hard to write portable Unicode aware applications.
Boost Locale fully supports both narrow and wide API. The default character encoding is assumed to be UTF-8 on Windows.
So if the default operating system Locale is "English_USA.1252" the default locale for Boost.Locale on Windows would be "en_US.UTF-8".
When the created locale object is installed globally then any libraries that use std::codecvt for conversion between narrow API and the native wide API would handle UTF-8 correctly.
A good example of such library is Boost.Filesystem v3.
For example
#include <boost/locale.hpp>
#include <boost/filesystem/path.hpp>
#include <boost/filesystem/fstream.hpp>
int main()
{
// Create and install global locale
std::locale::global(boost::locale::generator().generate(""));
// Make boost.filesystem use it
boost::filesystem::path::imbue(std::locale());
// Now Works perfectly fine with UTF-8!
boost::filesystem::ofstream hello("שלום.txt");
}
However such behavior may break existing software that assumes that the current encoding is single byte encodings like code page 1252.
boost::locale::generator class has a property use_ansi_encoding() that allows to change the behavior to legacy one and select an ANSI code page as default system encoding.
So, when the current locale is "English_USA.1252" and the use_ansi_encoding is turned on then the default locale would be "en_US.windows-1252"
Note
winapi backend does not support ANSI encodings, thus UTF-8 encoding is always used for narrow characters.


text:
Variable Pitch Controller Design Based Swarm Particle Optimizing Clonal Algorithm for Wind Power Generation System
In this paper, a new controller of the pitch angle of the wind turbine is designed based on particle swarm optimizing clonal algorithm(PSOCA), which combined the clonal selection mechanism of the immune system with the evolution equation of particle swarm optimization. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed controller can efficiently and steady control the output power of the wind power generation system. Compared with the traditional PID controller, the controller has better control performance.
Robin G. Qiu and Yongfeng Ju
Q. Wang et al., "Variable Pitch Controller Design Based Swarm Particle Optimizing Clonal Algorithm for Wind Power Generation System", Applied Mechanics and Materials, Vols. 135-136, pp. _PHONE_, 2012


The INI has a new website!
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Partial sums of excursions along random geodesics.
Gadre, V (University of Warwick)
Tuesday 17 June 2014, 11:30-12:30
Seminar Room 2, Newton Institute Gatehouse
In the theory of continued fractions, Diamond and Vaaler showed the following strong law: for almost every expansion, the partial sum of first n coefficients minus the largest coefficient divided by n \log n tends to a limit. We will explain how this generalizes to non-uniform lattices in SL(2, R) with cusp excursions in the quotient hyperbolic surface generalizing continued fraction coefficients. The general theorem relies on the exponential mixing of geodesic flow, in particular on the fast decay of correlations due to Ratner. Analogously, similar theorems are true for the moduli space of Riemann surfaces.
We'll get it fixed as soon as possible.
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In the board game Dead of Winter, certain actions a player can take result in rolling a 12-sided die. On one face of the die, there's a tooth, representing instant death by zombie. Two faces of the die result in a frostbite wound, and three faces of the die result in a regular wound. Half the time one rolls the die, there is no e ffect. Suppose the game calls for a player to roll the die three times in a row. Assume that if a tooth is rolled, death occurs and no further rolls are made. Assume also that if three wounds of any kind are rolled, death occurs. What is the probability that a player rolling the die three times escapes death?
I tried (11/12)(11/12)(6/12), but I don't think that this accounts for the order of the die. For example, if I rolled a non-wound on the second roll, wouldn't that change my third probability?
 - 1
 $\begingroup$ frost bite = regular wound in this exercise? $\endgroup$ – marmouset Sep 14 '16 at 13:06
First of all, you must avoid that tooth three times running. The probability of that is $\left(\frac {11}{12}\right)^3$.
Now, let's suppose that you have dodged the tooth. That means that each of your three rolls is one of the other eleven options. Five of these are wounds, though, and you mustn't get three of those. What is the (conditional) probability of getting three of those? Well, it's $\left(\frac {5}{11}\right)^3$. Therefore the conditional probability that you don't get three wounds is $1-\left(\frac {5}{11}\right)^3$.
As you need both things to occur the final answer is $$\left(\frac {11}{12}\right)^3\times\left(1-\left(\frac {5}{11}\right)^3\right)=0.697916667$$
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Your Answer


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Red Plum Trees: Everything You Need To Know About Red Plums
Red plums and red plum trees are actually canopy terms that encompass many specific plum cultivars.
We on this site talk about all the fantastic and exotic types of plums out there, so it can be baffling to go to grocery store after grocery store and see exactly two types: red and black. How is it possible to read about plums like the Methley and Bruce but only find something as tame as a red plum? Believe it or not, you are might just be buying a Methley or Bruce plum as they are popular red plum varieties.
Basket of Red Plums
It is also a description that can have a couple of meanings. Read on to learn about those red plums you see in stores and what you are actually buying.
What Are Red Plums
The term 'red plum' is used in two primary ways. First, it can be used to describe the two native North American plums. They are the Prunus americana and the Prunus nigra. The Prunus americana is more commonly known as the American plum, Marshall's sweet yellow plum, or the wild plum. The Prunus nigra is more commonly known as the Canada plum or the red plum. Together, these types of plums are often called wild plums.
Wild Plum Tree At Sunset
Second, the term 'red plum' describes any plum cultivar that has a red-toned skin and yellow-ish flesh. The Methley, Bruce, and Burbank all meet this description. You will also find them labeled as red plums in stores. Most varieties belong to a group of Japanese plums, Prunus salycina
Regardless of the use of the term, red plum encompasses a selection of plums with overlapping physical characteristics. Know though that when you purchase something called a red plum, you are most likely purchasing a Methley plum or other Japanese red plum.
History of Red Plums
The history of the red plum varies wildly based on whether it is a Japanese plum or one of the plums native to North American. Both have been known to humans for at least 1,000 years.
How Do Red Plums Taste
A tart flavor or sour tinge characterizes most red plums. The wild plums of North America are a rangier, tougher fruit. They are also smaller and less ideal for fresh eating. As you might imagine, these characteristics do not make for a widely grown grocery store fruit.
Homemade Plum Pie
Thee Methley plum, however, is a red plum known for a mild flavor. They really represent the plum flavor most of us think of thanks to their mild flavor and wide growing range. The so-called red plums in the grocery store can easily be other types of Japanese plums or hybrid plums though. Unfortunately, there is no good way for the consumer to know what they are buying before they bite into the fruit.
How to Use Red Plums
Red plums hold their own with both fresh eating, canning, and cooking. The more mild Methleys plums generally make for better fresh eating than the wild plums because they are not as tart. However, most red plums do get sweeter as they ripen. If fresh eating is on your mind, stay away from the firmest red plums.
Red plums bring a bit of zing to cut the sweetness in baked goods. Try them in an eggless plum cake or in a gooey plum crisp. They also make great jellies and jams because they add some depth to an otherwise sweet dish. For more red plum ideas, take a look at 21 Plum Recipes to Try at Home.
Red Plum Jam
The wild red plums can be very hit or miss in terms of flavor. When using them in baking, I strongly recommend taste-testing each batch (as if we need an excuse!). Even within one tree, you may notice a taste variation, so keep sampling.
Where to Buy Red Plums and Red Plum Trees
If your grocery store has any plums, they are likely red plums. They are one of the most widely available plums in the United States.
You can also grow your own red plum trees at home. Because red plum trees can be so many different types of trees, you have a fantastic chance finding one near you.
If you are new to fruit tree growing, the Methley plum is one red plum perfect for beginners. Methley plums are very popular trees because they are so accessible, and they have a wide growing range, meaning there is a strong chance you can pick one up at your local nursery.
If you find that your local, in-person options are limited, you may have more success online. The variety is very popular because it can be grown in most of the country.
Our preferred online nursery is Nature Hills Nursery. They offer 1 to 3 foot trees that can produce fruit the first growing season.
For the best selection of trees, always plan to make online purchases well before you want to plant. For spring planting, you will need to purchase in late winter, if not the previous fall.
For those of us who like to plant in the fall, it can be challenging to find the most popular trees, like the Methley, for a summer or fall purchase.
Nature Hills does have other red plum trees, including a North American plum tree, an Ozark Premier Japanese plum,
How to Grow Red Plum Trees
Japanese red plum trees bloom white flowers in early spring, as early as February and March, and its plums will be ready to harvest in May to July, depending on the weather and climate.
Planting Trees
Wild red plum trees both bloom later and yield fruit later in the season.
Both wild red plums and Japanese red plums are among the easiest trees to grow. Among plum trees, they both bear fruit earlier in the tree's life cycle than other types of plums.
Red Plum Tree Characteristics
Red plum trees come in all shapes and sizes. For all the consistency regarding appearance that the fruit holds, the trees themselves have enough variety to fit any yard or commercial space.
Your Methley plum tree will have a rather fast growth rate and should be mature in 3 years. Growers can have the best of both worlds of cost savings by purchasing a bare root tree but still enjoy a well-developed tree in just a few years.
This type of consistency and convenience can be hard to find in the world of fruit trees.
Red Plum Tree in Blossom
Red Plum Tree in blossom
Planting Zones
The recommended USDA growing zones vary based on the specific red plum tree. The Methley plum tree and Prunus nigra are recommended for USDA zones 4 through 9 and are cold hardy down to -15 degrees Fahrenheit. Prunus americana grows in zones 3 through 8, but actually has the best cold hardiness of plums and can survive down to -50 degrees when fully dormant! The wild plum certainly demonstrates the value in choosing native species
Red Plum Tree Size and Spacing
I address Methley plums in this article specifically because they are so popular. One of the many reasons that it is such a popular fruit tree is that it has a really convenient shape and size for both private homes and commercial applications. They naturally only reach about 12 feet in height, but with minor pruning can easily be kept under 10 feet. It has an upright shape and a spreading canopy, so it produces an aesthetically pleasing shape for yards and can fit in even a small space.
Red Plums on a Tree
The North American plums naturally reach a higher height of 15 to 25 feet, and the canopy is correspondingly larger. If you have space for this and want a large shade tree, this could be a good fit. The wild trees are less tolerant of drought than the Japanese red plum tres.
The great thing about modern tree growing is that larger trees are often grown on the rootstock of smaller trees, like peach and cherry trees. This means that you can get the fruit of a larger plum tree on a much shorter and more compact tree.
When spacing your trees, be sure to situate them far enough apart to allow them to grow to their intended size. Planting to allow for growth is ultimately easier than aggressively pruning every year.
Japanese plums, including Methley plums are considered self-fertile, but the tree will bear more plentiful yields when within 50 feet of another plum tree. Remember, Japanese plums and European plums do not pollinate each other because the two types have a different number of chromosomes. The Methley is a Japanese plum, so you cannot rely on any nearby European plums for assistance
Japanese plums can be cross-pollinated with American plums. American or wild plums are self-fruitful.
Similar Fruits
If you are looking for a more familiar plum to compare the Japanese red plum to before committing to a tree, you can think of it as something of a mix between an Italian plum and a Chickasaw plum. It looks similar to the Chickasaw plum in that it is a smaller, lighter colored plum, but its juicy sweet flavor has more in common with an Italian plum.
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text:
Johannesburg, South Africa
The 3-day national workshop, "'Consensus-Building' on the Implementation of ILO Recommendation 204 on Transition from the Informal to the Formal Economy," was convened by the International Labour Organization (ILO) and the National Economic Development and Labour Council (NEDLAC) in Johannesburg, South Africa. The workshop aimed to reach agreement on practical steps to be taken at national and city levels for the implementation of the ILO Recommendation 204 on Transitioning to Formality.
Workshop participants included local and national government officials and representatives from informal worker organizations, community-based organizations, cooperatives, organized labour, and business.
Pat Horn of StreetNet International attended the workshop as one of the representatives of local informal worker organizations and Vanessa Pillay of WIEGO attended in an advisory capacity in support of informal worker organizations.
- Read the WIEGO Network Platform: Transitioning from the Informal to the Formal Economy in the Interest of Workers in the Informal Economy
- Read about WIEGO's participation in the 2015 International Labour Conference on Facilitating Transitions from the Informal to the Formal Economy
- Read Myths & Facts about the Informal Economy and Workers in the Informal Economy
- Read Informality and Illegality: Unpacking the Relationship
- Watch WIEGO's video on Organizing for Change


Microsoft KB Archive/58226
From BetaArchive Wiki
Excel: Operations Using Database or Criteria on External WS
The information in this article applies to:
 - Microsoft Excel for the Macintosh, versions 2.2, 3.0, 4.0
SUMMARY
When using Microsoft Excel, you can perform database operations using a database or criteria range from another worksheet or macro sheet. To do this, choose Define Name from the Formula menu to define the database or criteria as an external reference to the worksheet or macro sheet containing the database or criteria range.
MORE INFORMATION
For example, if a database is set on Worksheet1, and you want to do an extract to Worksheet2, do the following:
 1. With Worksheet2 active, choose Define Name from the Formula menu.
 2. In the Name box, enter the word Database.
 3. In the Refers To box, enter the worksheet name followed by an exclamation point and the database range. Be sure to precede the worksheet name with an equal sign. For example, you could enter the following:
=Worksheet1!$A$1:$G$150
Alternatively, if the database is already defined on Worksheet1, you could enter the following as your reference on Worksheet2:
=Worksheet1!Database
 1. You can define the criteria on Worksheet2 in the normal manner, or you can use a criteria already defined on Worksheet1 by following the above steps to define the name "Criteria" on Worksheet2.
REFERENCES
"Microsoft Excel User's Guide 2," version 4.0, pages 305-357
"Microsoft Excel User's Guide," version 3.0, pages 347-387
"Microsoft Excel Reference," version 2.2, pages 148-157
Additional query words: macrosheet 2.20 3.0 4.00
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Last Reviewed: March 15, 1999
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Source Determination – Detect the Origins of Contaminants in Drug Products
Source determination detects the origins of contaminants and is necessary to improve drug product quality and overall process quality.
Understanding what foreign material is present is only half of the story. True resolution cannot be reached without first understanding where the material came from, when it entered the manufacturing process, and how to prevent recurrence. Therefore, source determination is a critical test for drug developers that is capable of determining whether contaminants are present within pharmaceutical products and drug manufacturing processes.
Gateway Analytical provides source determination analysis so our customers can quickly find possible origins for their contamination problems. Our experts build reference material analysis databases with an all-of-the-above approach that may include microscopy, FTIR, Raman, and/or SEM-EDS depending on a project's unique needs. As a customer's database becomes larger and more encompassing, the time required to conduct source determination tests on foreign material is reduced, resulting in improved processes and turnaround times.
Want to learn more about source determination and our database analysis capabilities? Contact us today.


)
 key = HGann(i).DB_Object_Symbol;
 if isKey(HGmap,key)
 HGmap(key) = [HGmap(key) HGann(i).GOid];
 HGmap(key) = HGann(i).GOid;
Determine the number of Homo sapiens annotated genes related to molecular function.
ans =
Not all of the 5758 genes on the HuGeneFL chip are annotated. For every gene on the chip, see if it is annotated by comparing its gene symbol to the list of gene symbols from GO. Track the number of annotated genes and the number of up-regulated genes associated with each GO term. Note that data in public repositories is frequently curated and updated; therefore the results of this example might be slightly different when you use up-to-date datasets. It is also possible that you get warnings about invalid or obsolete IDs due to an updated Homo sapiens gene annotation file.
m = GO.Terms(end).id; % gets the last term id
chipgenesCount = zeros(m,1); % a vector of GO term counts for the entire chip.
upgenesCount = zeros(m,1); % a vector of GO term counts for up-regulated genes.
for i = 1:length(huGenes)
 if isKey(HGmap,huGenes{i})
 goid = getrelatives(GO,HGmap(huGenes{i}));
 % Update the tally
 chipgenesCount(goid) = chipgenesCount(goid) + 1;
 if (any(i == up_geneidx))
 upgenesCount(goid) = upgenesCount(goid) +1;
Determine the statistically significant GO terms using the hypergeometric probability distribution. For each GO term, a p-value is calculated representing the probability that the number of annotated genes associated with it could have been found by chance.
gopvalues = hygepdf(upgenesCount,max(chipgenesCount),...
[dummy, idx] = sort(gopvalues);
report = sprintf('GO Term p-value counts definition\n');
for i = 1:10
 term = idx(i);
 report = sprintf('%s%s\t%-1.5f\t%3d / %3d\t%s...\n',...
 report, char(num2goid(term)), gopvalues(term),...
 upgenesCount(term), chipgenesCount(term),...
GO Term p-value counts definition
GO:_PHONE_ 0.00000 57 / 162 The action of a molecule that contributes to the...
GO:_PHONE_ 0.00000 53 / 219 Interacting selectively and non-covalently with r...
GO:_PHONE_ 0.00000 55 / 244 Functions during translation by interacting selec...
GO:_PHONE_ 0.00000 52 / 220 Interacting selectively and non-covalently with t...
GO:_PHONE_ 0.00000 51 / 213 Interacting selectively and non-covalently with r...
GO:_PHONE_ 0.00000 51 / 213 Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a...
GO:_PHONE_ 0.00000 51 / 213 Interacting selectively and non-covalently with t...
GO:_PHONE_ 0.00000 51 / 213 Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a...
GO:_PHONE_ 0.00000 51 / 213 Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a...
GO:_PHONE_ 0.00000 51 / 213 Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a...
Inspect the significant GO terms and select the terms related to specific molecule functions to build a sub-ontology that includes the ancestors of the terms. Visualize this ontology using the biograph function. You can also color the graphs nodes. In this example, the red nodes are the most significant, while the blue nodes are the least significant gene ontology terms. Note: The GO terms returned may differ from those shown due to the frequent update to the Homo sapiens gene annotation file.
fcnAncestors = GO(getancestors(GO,idx(1:5)))
[cm acc rels] = getmatrix(fcnAncestors);
BG = biograph(cm,get(fcnAncestors.Terms,'name'))
for i=1:numel(acc)
 pval = gopvalues(acc(i));
 color = [(1-pval).^(1) pval.^(1/8) pval.^(1/8)];
Gene Ontology object with 13 Terms.
Biograph object with 13 nodes and 14 edges.
Finding the Differentially Expressed Genes in Pathways
You can query the pathway information of the differentially expressed genes from the KEGG pathway database through KEGG's Web Service.
Following are a few pathway maps with the genes in the up-regulated gene list highlighted:
Cell Cycle
Hedgehog Signaling pathway
mTor Signaling pathway
[1] Pomeroy, S.L., Tamayo, P., Gaasenbeek, M., Sturla, L.M., Angelo, M., McLaughlin, M.E., Kim, J.Y., Goumnerova, L.C., Black, P.M., Lau, C., Allen, J.C., Zagzag, D., Olson, J.M., Curran, T., Wetmore, C., Biegel, J.A., Poggio, T., Mukherjee, S., Rifkin, R., Califano, A., Stolovitzky, G., Louis, DN, Mesirov, J.P., Lander, E.S., and Golub, T.R. (2002). Prediction of central nervous system embryonal tumour outcome based on gene expression. Nature, 415(6870), 436-442.
[2] Storey, J.D., and Tibshirani, R. (2003). Statistical significance for genomewide studies. Proc.Nat.Acad.Sci., 100(16), 9440-9445.
[3] Dudoit, S., Shaffer, J.P., and Boldrick, J.C. (2003). Multiple hypothesis testing in microarray experiment. Statistical Science, 18, 71-103.
[4] Benjamini, Y., and Hochberg, Y. (1995). Controlling the false discovery rate: a practical and powerful approach to multiple testing. J. Royal Stat. Soc., B 57, 289-300.
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Stanford Extended ASCII
Stanford Extended ASCII (SEASCII) is a derivation of the 7-bit ASCII character set developed at the Stanford Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (SAIL/SU-AI) in the early 1970s.[1] Not all symbols match ASCII.
Carnegie Mellon University, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and the University of Southern California also had their own modified versions of ASCII.[1]
Character set
edit
Each character is given with a potential Unicode equivalent.
SEASCII[2][3][1]
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
0x · α β /^ ¬ ε π λ γ δ ± /
1x _ ~ /
2x SP ! " # $ % & ' ( ) * + , - . /
3x 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 : ; < = > ?
4x @ A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O
5x P Q R S T U V W X Y Z [ \ ]
6x ' a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o
7x p q r s t u v w x y z { | } ^
 Differences from ASCII
See also
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References
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 1. ^ a b c Beebe, Nelson H. F. (2005). "Proceedings of the Practical TEX 2005 Conference: The design of TEX and METAFONT: A retrospective" (PDF). TUGboat. 26 (1). Salt Lake City, Utah, USA: University of Utah, Department of Mathematics: 39-40. Retrieved 2017-03-07. The underscore operator in SAIL source-code assignments printed as a left arrow in the Stanford variant of ASCII, but PDP-10 sites elsewhere just saw it as a plain underscore. However, its use as the assignment operator meant that it could not be used as an extended letter to make compound names more readable, as is now common in many other programming languages. The left arrow in the Stanford variant of ASCII was not the only unusual character. (NB. Shows a table of Stanford extended ASCII following that described in RFC 698.)
 2. ^ Mock, T. (1975-07-23). "RFC 698: Telnet extended ASCII option". doi:10.17487/RFC0698. RFC 698. NIC #32964. Archived from the original on 2017-03-07. Retrieved 2017-03-07. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help) [1] (NB. Replaced by RFC 5198.)
 3. ^ Cowan, John Woldemar (1999-09-08). "Stanford Extended ASCII to Unicode". 0.1. Unicode, Inc.
Further reading
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edit


Diary of a Wimpy Kid Wiki
The Muddy Hand
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Redirected from The Muddy hand
The Muddy Hand is a disembodied hand made covered with mud that appears in one of Rodrick's horror movies entitled "Hello, You're Dead". In it, the Muddy Hand travels the countryside looking
Muddy Hand
for victims to strangle, and the last person who sees it is always the next victim. The film in question frightened Rowley and Greg at the end (where the Muddy Hand strangles its last victim and walks straight at the screen, implying that the viewer will be its next victim.) This made Greg and Rowley become really paranoid that the Muddy Hand was out to get them (despite being a fictional character.) Greg then figures out that since it is just a hand it would take a long time to get to them so they stopped worrying about it. It was only mentioned in Dog Days. In Rodrick Rules, The Foot is used (which is most likely a parody of the Muddy Hand).
In Fregley's version in Dog Days film,in the wilderness awareness he tells a campfirestory about the Muddy Hand. It is about an old woodsman who chops of his own hand by mistake while chopping wood in rain,his hand is the Muddy Hand.
The Muddy Hand looks just like an ordinary hand,the only notable difference is that the hand is quite dirty and has black spots that resemble mud, which is the reason why it's called the "Muddy Hand". It's also unknown how he kills its victim, it is most likely it either strangles the victims throat or any other body part.
 - If the Muddy Hand was not in the book, the plot could have been very different, as Greg and/or Rowley, in specific scenes, would not have been scared and would not have taken the plot-defining actions (such as Rowley smashing Greg's hand with a hammer because he thought it was the Muddy Hand.)
 - In the fim, Rodrick Rules the movie was not The Muddy Hand, but it was The Foot.
 - In the film, Dog Days The Muddy Hand was not in a horror movie, but in a campfire story told by Fregley.
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Similarities between Yellowknife Bay and the Kimberley as seen from orbit
The image on the left shows the Yellowknife Bay area. The red arrow points to a scarp, the contact between lower Sheepbed mudstone and upper Gillespie sandstone. The blue arrow points to a scarp at the boundary between Gillespie and Glenelg units. A similar set of scarps appears at the Kimberley, shown on the right. At Yellowknife Bay, the Curiosity team determined that the scarps' retreat had recently exposed the Sheepbed mudstone. It is possible the same process is operating at the Kimberley. The purple arrow marks a scarp separating the lowermost striated unit and the middle bedded unit. The yellow arrow marks the contact between the middle bedded unit and the upper smooth hummocky material.


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A senior associate at RPC explains what trainees lawyers can expect in a firm's tax dispute team.
Tax law: area of practice
Tax is an area that is always in the newspapers and aspiring lawyers should be aware of political interest in tax rates, says Michelle Sloane – a senior associate at RPC.
Tax is an area that is always in the newspapers, with articles arising from HMRC's investigations, particularly if it involves celebrities and where taxpayers are treated unfairly.
A firm's tax dispute team handles contentious tax matters in both civil and criminal cases. This covers both direct and indirect taxes. On the civil side, cases can be appeals to the specialist tax Tribunals and the higher courts arising from disputed HMRC decisions. Criminal cases involve handling criminal investigations by HMRC, such as dawn raids, arrests, production orders, interviews under caution and Crown Court trials. In this field, common clients include large corporations, retail and entertainment companies, high-net-worth individuals, accountants, football clubs and footballers.
An example of a typical case is a taxpayer participating in a tax avoidance scheme. HMRC will then open an enquiry into this scheme and, following a review, will assess the taxpayer for additional tax. In the vast majority of cases, the taxpayer will appeal against this decision. The First-tier Tribunal then hears the initial appeal. If the party who loses wishes to appeal the decision, the case would move to the Upper Tribunal, then to the Court of Appeal and finally the Supreme Court, who will hand down a final judgement. This appeal process can take a number of years.
What's working life like for tax lawyers?
Solicitors will typically work on up to 15 cases at any one time. A team for a case will usually include a partner, a senior associate, an associate and a trainee. On average, working hours are around 9.00 am to 7.00 pm, but this will depend on the amount of work that needs to be done for the client at any given time. Working through the night or over the weekend happens very rarely, and when this does occur it is due to an urgent matter, such as a dawn raid or an injunction against HMRC if they are considered to be abusing their power.
Tax disputes lawyers tend to be very mobile, attending court, visiting client offices and attending events with colleagues, clients and counsel. There are also opportunities to travel within the UK and Europe, depending on where a client is based and if a case involves cross-border tax disputes, including occasional helicopter and private jet journeys to attend dawn raids and client meetings.
One case can be very different from the next, so the caseload is really varied. Working in tax law also allows you to achieve great results for clients and help to enact the law. However, tax lawyers might have to witness the detrimental effects that an erroneous HMRC decision can have on a client's life – especially as clients under investigation may be convicted of a criminal offence.
What developments in tax law should aspiring lawyers be aware of?
The government has increased HMRC's prosecution targets and clamped down on tax avoidance, such as through investigations into offshore assets. This has resulted in a great increase in new instructions. Tax is an area that is always in the newspapers, with articles arising from HMRC's investigations, particularly if it involves celebrities and where taxpayers are treated unfairly. Developments that aspiring lawyers should keep up to date with include changes in tax legislation, government tax policy and information notices published by HMRC.
What will a trainee lawyer in tax law be doing?
Trainees in a tax disputes team are given a lot of responsibility and work closely with a senior associate. As this area of law is always developing and changing, it provides a lot of variety for trainees – from the facts of the case to the daily tasks they are involved in. These tasks can include attending client meetings and conference calls, drafting correspondence, drafting lists of documents, taking instructions from clients and liaising with counsel; trainees really contribute to the firm's work.
What skills do tax lawyers need?
 - A commercially savvy, solution-focused, reactive and resilient character.
 - Teamworking and collaboration skills.
 - Strong drafting and organisational ability.
 - Attention to detail and the ability to think on your feet.
Types of law practised
 - Dispute resolution law.
MICHELLE SLOANE is a senior associate in the tax disputes group of RPC. She graduated with a degree in law from the University of Canterbury, New Zealand in 2003.
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The ArcGIS Server REST API, short for Representational State Transfer, provides a simple, open Web interface to services hosted by ArcGIS Server. All resources and operations exposed by the REST API are accessible through a hierarchy of endpoints or Uniform Resource Locators (URLs) for each GIS service published with ArcGIS Server.
When using the REST API, you typically start from a well-known endpoint, which represents the server catalog. The table of contents for this Help system mimics the hierarchy of resources in the REST API. The default start URL for an ArcGIS Server installation is:
For example, to get to the root directory of ArcGIS Online services, the URL is:
From this base URL, you can traverse to any of the listed service and resources and operations associated with the service.
The REST API is stateless, which means that REST does not keep track of transactions from one request to the next. Each request must contain all the information necessary for successful processing.
Each ArcGIS Server comes with a Services Directory. Services Directory is a view of the ArcGIS Server REST API in HTML format. You can browse the contents of an ArcGIS Server and obtain information such as service metadata and supported operations that can be useful in developing applications.
The REST API has some level of support for each of the ArcGIS Server service types. Each service is a resource and has a unique URL. Although a REST system always returns only representations of resources to the clients, for the sake of simplicity, the resources of the ArcGIS REST API are divided into two types: resources and operations. For more information, see Resources and Operations.
The supported service types that include operations are map, geocode, geoprocessing, geometry, and image. Another set of service types that are supported as resources but have no associated operations include network, geodata, and globe services. One requirement of the REST API is that ArcGIS Server services must be configured as Pooled. Non-pooled services are not listed in Services Directory.
You can find out additional details about all resources and operations supported by the REST API. To get going, you can review Catalog, which is the root node for the API.
You can request KML in several different ways, which is summarized in KML support.
In addition to being a browser for your published data, Services Directory also provides access to an administrative console. The administration page is needed to refresh the site after adding, deleting, and updating services or after updating to a new version of the REST API. Services Directory can also be disabled through the console. For more information, see REST API Admin.
The REST API works out-of-the-box without any configuration. However, if you export and deploy the REST instance elsewhere, or if you needed to change the defaults, you will need to modify some configuration files. For more information, see Configuring the REST API.