text:
In times of grief, organizing a funeral can pose a significant challenge, both emotionally and financially. If you happen to be in California, specifically Los Angeles, you might ask, "how much is a funeral in California?" In this comprehensive guide, we will delve into the intricacies of expenses associated with funerals in the Golden State, with a special emphasis on Los Angeles.
How Much is a Funeral in California
Funeral Expenses in California
Funeral costs exhibit notable variations based on multiple factors, including location, service type, and individual preferences. On average, a funeral in California typically ranges from $7,000 to $12,000 or more. This comprehensive figure encompasses crucial elements like the acquisition of a casket, embalming services, and professional fees. Although, there are services like direct cremation that can be much less expensive, and take much less planning.
Geographic Considerations: California's elevated cost of living often reflects in funeral expenses. Major urban centers like Los Angeles often feature higher funeral costs compared to rural areas.
Funeral Services in Los Angeles
As one of the largest and most densely populated cities in the United States, Los Angeles has its unique considerations when it comes to funeral expenses.
- Funeral Homes in Los Angeles: The city boasts a range of funeral homes, each offering diverse services and pricing structures. Some funeral homes cater to specific cultural or religious needs, which can influence costs. For instance, regions with a higher concentration of cultural communities may have distinct pricing models.
- Cemetery Expenses: The choice of cemetery can substantially affect overall funeral costs. In Los Angeles, numerous cemeteries have their own pricing structures. Some may offer scenic views, while others carry historical significance. These factors can impact the overall cost.
Los Angeles Funeral Costs
When looking into funeral expenses in Los Angeles, you may come across related topics that provide detailed information:
- Los Angeles Funeral Homes: Different funeral homes in Los Angeles offer varying services and pricing. Thorough research and comparisons are essential to find an option that aligns with your needs and budget.
- Los Angeles Cremation Services: Cremation, an alternative to traditional burial, may involve different cost dynamics. Los Angeles has numerous cremation providers; researching their pricing can aid informed decision-making.
- Los Angeles Burial Expenses: If you opt for burial, understanding the costs associated with acquiring a cemetery plot in Los Angeles is crucial. Costs can vary depending on location and cemetery.
Factors Impacting Funeral Costs in California
- Individual choices play a significant role in funeral expenses. Whether you opt for a traditional burial, cremation, or an eco-conscious burial can affect overall costs. Additionally, decisions regarding the choice of casket, funeral service arrangements, and memorial items can contribute to expenses.
Location and Cemetery Selection:
- As mentioned earlier, location and the choice of cemetery can significantly influence costs. In Los Angeles, renowned cemeteries may command higher prices due to their prestige and limited availability.
- Funeral expenses encompass various fees, including professional services, transportation, and permits. Comprehensive inquiry about potential expenses during funeral planning is essential to prevent unexpected financial burdens.
Funeral Planning in Los Angeles & California
To alleviate the financial burden of a funeral, consider pre-planning or pre-paying for arrangements. Many Los Angeles funeral homes (including Clarity) offer pre-planning options that allow you to lock in today's prices, ensuring your preferences are met when the time comes.
Cultural and Personalized Funerals in California
Los Angeles is known for its cultural diversity, and this diversity often leads to personalized and unique funeral ceremonies that celebrate an individual's life in various ways. Different communities may have distinct funeral customs and preferences, which can influence the type of service and associated costs.
- Cultural Traditions: Various cultural communities in Los Angeles have their own ways of honoring and remembering the deceased. These traditions can range from music and dance performances to specific rituals or ceremonies. It's important to work with a funeral home that can accommodate these cultural preferences.
- Personalized Farewells: Many families in Los Angeles choose to create highly personalized and meaningful funeral services. These might include storytelling sessions, memorial videos, or the display of cherished items that reflect the person's life and passions. While these personalized services can be touching, they may involve additional costs, so it's crucial to plan accordingly.
- Green Burial Options: In recent years, there has been a growing interest in eco-friendly or green burial options. Los Angeles offers several green burial grounds where individuals can be interred in a more environmentally conscious manner. These options often come with lower costs compared to traditional burials, and they can be embraced by people from all walks of life.
In California, including Los Angeles, funeral costs can exhibit considerable diversity. Understanding the factors influencing these costs, such as location, personal choices, and cemetery selection, is vital when making decisions during a challenging time. Thorough research and proactive planning can help you navigate the process more smoothly and ensure a dignified farewell for you or your loved ones without undue financial strain.
Remember that while this guide offers valuable insights, consulting with local Los Angeles funeral homes is advisable to obtain precise pricing tailored to your specific requirements. The wide array of funeral customs and personalization options in Los Angeles underscores the importance of celebrating an individual's life in a meaningful and respectful manner, reflective of their unique journey.
Additional Insights on Planning and Coping
Planning a funeral involves not only financial considerations but also emotional ones. Coping with grief and honoring your loved one's memory are essential aspects of the process.
- Grief Support: In addition to funeral planning, it's important to seek grief support. Many communities in Los Angeles offer grief counseling and support groups to help individuals and families navigate the challenging emotional journey.
- Memorialization: Creating lasting memorials, such as engraved plaques or commemorative trees, can provide solace and a sense of connection with the departed. These memorialization options can be discussed with funeral directors to add a personal touch to the farewell.
- Legal and Administrative Assistance: Funeral arrangements often involve paperwork and legal formalities. Consider seeking legal and administrative guidance to ensure that all necessary documents are filed correctly and promptly.
- Financial Planning: Beyond the immediate funeral expenses, it's important to evaluate the broader financial implications of a loved one's passing. Consult with financial advisors to understand how the loss might affect your financial situation and to make necessary adjustments.
- Emotional Well-Being: The grieving process is unique to each individual, and it's essential to prioritize your emotional well-being. Los Angeles offers a wealth of resources, including grief therapists, support hotlines, and mindfulness practices, to help you cope with loss.
- Celebration of Life: Consider organizing a separate celebration of life event in addition to the funeral. This gathering can be more informal and focused on celebrating the person's life, sharing memories, and finding solace in the support of friends and family.
- Legacy Preservation: Explore ways to preserve the legacy of your loved one. This could involve digitizing old photos, recording their life story, or creating a memorial website or social media page where friends and family can share memories and stories.
- Continuing Bonds: It's common to feel a continued connection with the departed long after their passing. Allow yourself the space to maintain a continuing bond through rituals, conversations, and remembrance activities.
- Estate Planning: If your loved one had specific wishes or assets that need to be managed, consult with estate planning professionals to ensure a smooth transition and distribution of assets.
- Support Networks: Lean on your support network. Friends and family can be a tremendous source of comfort during these trying times. Sharing your feelings and memories can help process grief together.
In conclusion, planning a funeral in California, particularly in Los Angeles, is a multifaceted endeavor that encompasses financial considerations, cultural nuances, and emotional aspects. While this comprehensive guide provides valuable information on funeral costs and related topics, it's crucial to remember that the grieving process is a deeply personal journey. Seek support from various resources available in Los Angeles, from grief counseling to legal assistance, to help you navigate this challenging period.
Ultimately, the goal is to honor your loved one's memory in a way that feels meaningful and respectful, acknowledging their unique life journey and the impact they had on those they left behind. As you embark on this journey, remember that you are not alone, and there are numerous resources and compassionate individuals in Los Angeles who are ready to provide guidance and support every step of the way.


Do hybrids differ that much in starch type?
crops and forages
Do hybrids differ that much in starch type?
by Bill Mahanna and Ev Thomas
There has been an explosion of interest among seed corn buyers about the differences in the type of starch found in hybrids. What these discussions are referring to is the amount of floury (also called soft or dent) endosperm versus vitreous (also called hard or flinty) endosperm.
structure of a corn kernal
Floury endosperm contains the white-colored starch granules found in the center of the kernel as shown in Figure 1. They are more loosely bound in a starch:zein protein (prolamin) matrix. Dent corn derives its name because this softer starch "dents in" at the top of the kernel as it matures.
Vitreous starch is the higher-density, yellowish-colored starch granules found on the outer edges of a mature kernel which are more tightly bound in a starch:protein matrix. Vitreous starch becomes more prominent as the kernel approaches dry grain harvest maturity (postblack layer). Popcorn would be considered nearly 100 percent vitreous starch.
Hybrids with more floury starch generally have lower test weight due to kernel reduced density (more air space between starch granules). However, only about 40 percent of the variation in grain density can be attributed to test weight. The remainder is due to the influences of kernel size, shape, maturity, germ content, and pericarp slickness.
The relationship between kernel density and vitreous starch levels at dry grain maturity, when the kernel has the highest level of hard starch, is illustrated in Figure 2. Note the shaded area indicating the typical range of vitreous starch in commercial hybrids. Research comparing the starch digestibility of floury genetics against flinty hybrids has certainly furthered the understanding of the mechanisms of starch digestion. However, caution is needed when extrapolating these "bookend" comparisons to what dairymen will observe from high-yielding, commercially available hybrids.
corn density and starch vitreousness compared
Research comparing starch digestibility of hybrids with less than 50 percent
vitreousness can aid in the understanding of digestion mechanisms
but have little appli-cability to high-yielding commercially available corn hybrids.
According to Ohio State researchers, the level of kernel vitreousness has little, if any, impact on the digestibility of starch in fermented forms of corn such as silage or high-moisture grain. Consequently, total tract starch digestibility typically exceeds 96 percent for adequately fermented silage or high-moisture corn.
Microbial activity during fermentation and the chemical action of various fermentation end-products (acids, yeast-generated alcohol) alter kernel storage proteins, removing most of the negative effects of zeins (prolamins) on starch digestibility. There is a strong positive relationship between the level of soluble protein (or ammonia nitrogen) in corn grain and the improved ruminal starch digestibility of corn grain over time in fermented storage.
If corn kernels are fed fully mature and not fermented, as in the case of dry corn grain, research from France indicates that fine-grinding can remove the negative impact of vitreous endosperm on starch digestibility. This is something nutritionists have learned simply by watching cows (and manure) and is the reason for feeding fine-ground dry corn (600 to 1,000 microns) rather than rolled or cracked corn to high-producing cows. Steers can successfully be fed coarser grain because they have less fiber in their diet and a much slower ruminal starch passage rate than lactating cows.
For corn fed as dry, ground, or rolled grain, starch from finely ground, more floury, endosperm hybrids will generally be more extensively degraded in the rumen compared to starch from more vitreous hybrids. However, with acidosis as a common nutritional malady, is boosting ruminal starch digestibility always the goal?
High ruminally available starch may or may not be of benefit depending upon other starchy ingredients like corn silage, the relative need for ruminal microbial protein production, and the possible desire to shift starch digestion to the intestines to reduce the potential for acidosis.
For corn fed as fermented corn silage or high-moisture corn, more vitreous hybrids with large kernels (reduced pericarp:endosperm ratio) appear preferable. This is because they typically have higher grain yields, and the process of fermentation (protein matrix solubilization and acid hydrolysis) will minimize most of the adverse effects of vitreousness.
Not a benefit
It appears counterproductive to recommend hybrid selection for low test weight or kernel vitreousness given these facts:
1. Seed companies do not have data on the level of vitreousness at silage or high-moisture grain harvest maturity.
2. Vitreousness of grain harvested at silage maturity is considerably lower than for dry grain.
3. Adverse effects of vitreousness for dry grain can be largely alleviated by fine grinding.
4. Fermentation significantly re-duces the impact of vitreousness.
5. Selecting hybrids for reduced vitreousness likely depresses grain yields and possibly causes more ear molds.
Rather, it seems prudent to select corn hybrids for traits for which there are significant genetic differences such as silage tonnage, grain yield, and trait packages necessary to protect yield against specific pest and weed challenges. Growers can then fine-tune the selection process with attention to resistance to drought, foliar disease, and ear molds.


text: Finite-difference time-domain method has gained increasing interest for room acoustic prediction use. A well-known limitation of the method is a frequencyand direction-dependent dispersion error. In this study, the audibility of dispersion error in the presence of a single surface reflection is measured. The threshold is measured for three different distance conditions with a fixed reflection arrival azimuth angle of 54.7 °. The error is placed either in the direct path, or in the reflection path. Additionally a qualitative follow-up experiment to evaluate how the measured thresholds reflect the audibility of error in short room responses is carried out. The results indicate that the threshold varies depending whether the error is in the direct path or in the reflection path. For transient signals the threshold is higher when the error is located in the direct path, whereas for speech signal, the threshold is higher when it is located in the reflection path. Evidence is found that the error is detectable in rendered room responses at the measured threshold levels.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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The Lambton Kent District School Board (LKDSB) commemorates Treaties Recognition Week on November 2-6, joining school boards across the province in promoting education and awareness about treaty rights and treaty relationships between Indigenous and non-Indigenous people in Ontario.
This year, the LKDSB Indigenous Education Team is continuing to focus on increasing awareness and understanding of Wampum Belts and their importance to understanding treaties and treaty relationships in Canada. During Treaties Recognition Week, students and staff will engage in curriculum activities ranging from painting with local Indigenous artist Moses Lunhum to presentations that address how Wampum Belts are used to communicate agreements and provide a mutual understanding of land stewardship and resource sharing.
"As part of an ongoing commitment to supporting Indigenous Education and increasing knowledge and understanding throughout the LKDSB, staff and students will participate in curriculum activities during Treaties Recognition Week to build on staff and students' understanding of Wampum Belts, treaties and treaty relationships in Canada," said Director John Howitt.
The LKDSB recognizes the traditional land of Aamjiwnaang First Nation; Eelŭnaapéewi Lahkéewiit (Delaware Nation), Kettle & Stony Point First Nation; and Walpole Island (Bkejwanong) First Nation. The LKDSB appreciates the ongoing support and partnership of the four First Nations to collectively promote education and mutual understanding of Indigenous histories and perspectives.
For more information about LKDSB's Indigenous Education, visit: _URL_
For additional information contact:
Jane Bryce, Chair of the Board, _PHONE_
John Howitt, Director of Education, _PHONE_, Ext 31297
Helen Lane, Superintendent of Education – Superintendent of Education – Indigenous Education, Leadership and Equity, _PHONE_, Ext. 31263
For reference information contact:
Heather Hughes, Public Relations Officer, _PHONE_, Ext. 31262
October 30, 2020


text:
Digital Shoe Design Kit by DaveMakesStuff
Regular price $ 0.00
Unit price per
This kit contains all the digital parts you need to design your own basic running shoe.
These files are not meant to be printed directly. First, you will need to import them into your favourite 3D design software to texture, size, and combine according to your creative preferences. Final designs can be printed as you wish.
All parts are for the left shoe, but most programs have an option to "mirror" the object to create the right shoe.
These files are optimized for use with nTopology but can be used with most 3D editing software.
To create a basic, non-textured shoe, simply import, combine, and print your choice of the following files: "Outsole", "Midsole", "Upper", "Toe Cup", "Heel Counter", "Heel Pull", "Tongue" and "Laces". If multicolor printing is an option, you may choose to print some parts in different colours.
This kit provides additional tools to customize three areas of the shoe: upper, the outer face of the midsole, and the outsole (or tread).
For the upper, surface texture can be applied directly to the "Upper" file. There are also two upper surfaces provided in Parasolid format. "Upper Surface" aligns with the outer surface of the upper and can be used to create conformal cell maps for "lightweighting" the upper volume with lattice or TPMS structures. "Upper Surface Mid" conforms to the middle of the 3mm thick upper volume and can be used to reference surface lattices and Voronoi structures.
The "Topline Edge Field" file is provided to facilitate field driven design approaches to thickening or modifying structures along the topline of the upper. The other shoe components can also be used to apply field driven design to other areas and boundaries of the upper.
The outer face of the midsole is the most common are for texturing or modifying, while the inner surfaces of the midsole are usually left smooth. "Inset Midsole" has an inset volume along the outer face of the midsole. It is 2mm deep, with a 2mm border. The midsole inset volume can be textured or modified separately and recombined with the "Inset Midsole" to create the final midsole.
For the midsole inset volume, surface texture can be applied directly to the "Midsole Inset Volume" file. There are also two midsole inset volume surfaces provided in Parasolid format. "Midsole Inset Outer Surface" conforms with the outer surface of the midsole and can be used to create conformal cell maps for "lightweighting" the upper volume with lattice or TPMS structures. "Midsole Inset Mid Surface" conforms with the middle of the 2mm deep midsole inset volume and can be used to create surface lattices and Voronoi structures.
For the outsole, texture can be applied directly to the "Outsole" file. The "Midsole" is also provided in Parasolid format to allow the bottom face to be used to create conformal cell maps or surface lattices.
The "Outsole Edge Field" file is provided to facilitate field driven design approaches to thickening or modifying structures along the edges of the outsole.
There are three sample shoes that demonstrate volume modification using surface texturing, conformal cell maps and surface lattices. To facilitate FDM printing, none of the sample shoes have outsole texturing.
"Shoe Example – Textured" demonstrate two types of surface texturing applied to the upper and midsole inset volume
"Shoe Example - Cell Map" demonstrates application of a conformal cell map define a gyroid TPMS structure in the upper, and a square honeycomb lattice structure in the midsole.
"Shoe Example – Lattice" uses the "mid surfaces" to demonstrate two different types of surface lattice applied to the upper and midsole.
Turn your shoes into playful vases, planters or pencil holders with these socks. To ensure that the socks fit onto the shoes, do not use the "Tongue" object in your shoe design.


text: We report on the dry etching damage effects on the Ohmic contact characteristics of Sidoped n-type GaN. The 2-µm thick n-type GaN samples whose carrier concentrations are ∼7 × 1017/cm3 are grown on c-plane sapphire substrates by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition(MOCVD). The samples are processed to measure the transmission line method(TLM). We evaporated Ti/Al/Ni/Au=150/2700/400/4000 Å on the samples using an ebeam evaporator under 5 × 10−7 torr and annealed at 700 °C for lminute using a rapid thermal annealer(RTA). AES and XPS data show that the surface stoichiometry of the sample etched with H2 gas is gallium- richer than that of the one etched with Cl2 gas. According to the previous report[l], N-vacancy acts as shallow donor in GaN. However, specific contact resistivity of the sample etched with H2 gas is 3.03 × 10−6 Ω cm 2, which is much higher than that of the sample etched with C12 gas, 7.9 × 10 −7 Ω cm2. The difference of the N- vacancy formed during the etching process cannot completely explain the result. We suggest that formation of GaxOy during etching process, and the weakening of the bonding by ion bombardments might be responsible for the difference in the ohmic characteristics.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


DEFINITION of 'Spreadlock'
An agreement that establishes a predetermined spread for future interest rate swaps. A spreadlock is a credit derivative created as either a forward contract or an option. With a spreadlock, an investor can lock in a current spread between a swap and an underlying government bond yield and transfer the basis points forward to the time when the swap is entered into.
Spreadlocks have been an option for certain investors since the 1980s. A forward spreadlock allows for a definitive addition of a set number of basis points on top of the existing spread in the underlying swap. With a spreadlock through an option contract, the buyer of the contract can decide whether or not to make the swap effective.
 1. Basis Point (BPS)
 2. Spread
 3. Interest Rate Swap
 4. Forward Price
 The predetermined delivery price for an underlying commodity,...
 5. Exotic Option
 6. Inverse Transaction
 2. How do futures contracts roll over?
 3. Why do companies enter into futures contracts?
 4. What does a futures contract cost?
 5. Who or what is backing municipal bonds?
 6. How stable are municipal bonds?
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text:
Definition of Cires
1. cire [n] - See also: cire
Click the following link to bring up a new window with an automated collection of images related to the term: Cires Images
Lexicographical Neighbors of Cires
Literary usage of Cires
Below you will find example usage of this term as found in modern and/or classical literature:
1. Letters on South America: Comprising Travels on the Banks of the Paraná and (1843)
"... Martinez y cires—Don Agustin Saenz and his polacca— Smuggling—The way of endowing brides. THE population of Corrientes, in character and class,..."
2. The Policy Paradox in Africa: Strengthening Links Between Economic Research by Elias Ayuk, Mohamed Ali Marouani (2007)
"To date, about 120 rural economy PhD-holders have been trained through this program and cires gained international recognition in research and training...."
Other Resources Relating to: Cires

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Intermediate SQL Multiple Choice Questions Test 1 Tests pdf Download
Practice intermediate sql multiple choice questions (MCQs), db test 1 online to learn. Practice database authorization MCQs questions and answers on database authorization with answers. Free intermediate sql quiz, online study guide has answer key with choices as child node, root node, leaf node and neighboring node of multiple choice questions (MCQ) as in authorization graph, node representing database administrator, is known to be to test learning skills. Study to learn database authorization quiz questions to practice MCQ based online exam preparation test.
MCQ on Intermediate SQL Quiz pdf Download Test 1
MCQ. In authorization graph, node representing database administrator, is known to be
 1. Root node
 2. Child node
 3. Leaf node
 4. Neighboring node
A
MCQ. Current role associated with a session can be set by executing
 1. set role
 2. define role
 3. select role
 4. grant role
A
MCQ. To grant a privilege with grantor set to current role associated with a session, we can add clause
 1. granted by current-roll
 2. define by current-role
 3. select by current-role
 4. set by current-role
A
MCQ. SQL includes a privilege that permits a user to declare foreign keys when creating relations, known as to be
 1. References privilege
 2. Update privilege
 3. Execute privilege
 4. Select privilege
A
MCQ. Creator of an object (relation/view/role) holds all privileges on the
 1. Object
 2. Schema
 3. View
 4. Model
A


text:
The Japanese phone system is a rather colorful one, quite literally.
The Japanese term for telephone is denwa and the public phones are akadenwa. There are four kinds of public phones. The oldest and most common is the red phone which is used for local calls. A blue phone is used for both local and long-distance calls. A yellow phone accepts 100 yen coins and is also used for both local and long-distance calls. Finally a pink phone, found in restaurants, coffee shops and similar places, are for local and long-distance both but have a call-back feature that the others lack.
Although the actual use of the phones is inexpensive getting a phone put into your house or apartment is not.
Japan main page
Japanese-American Internment Camps index page
Japan and World War II index page


text:
J₂S84 Series Pneumatic Pickup and Temperature Regulator and J2S81 Series Hot Cooling Bed
■This cooling device is used to pneumatically pick up the used sand which has been crashed and screened, and regulate the temperature. The temperature regulator is filled with circulating cooling water and the water consumption depends on the temperatures at both the sand inlet and desired outlet. The sand outlet temperature can be preset on the control cabinet.
-Sand is uniformly spread by a distributor valve and multistep connection is used for pneumatic pickup in series, good pickup result, and micro powder ≤0.1%;
-Large heat exchange area and good cooling effect can meet technological requirements;
-Simple structure, fewer moving parts, low sand flow speed, less abrasion and no noise;
-The sand outlet temperature can be preset and controlled automatically or manually based on actual situations.
JIER MACHINE-TOOL GROUP CO.,LTD.
E-mail : _EMAIL_


text:
Soda And Beverages Industry
Using in fruits and carbonated beverages, flavored milks and any other soft drinks offers several advantages that help reduce costs in the following areas:
- It is a flavor enhancer in juices and beverages, making it easier for producers to reduce up to 15% the application of flavorings in their formulations. This is a great advantage, since fruits and flavors concentrates represent a high percentage of the product's cost.
- The solid content in NESUGAR ™ has a higher sweetening power than sucrose, allowing a reduction between 15% -25% of solid content of carbohydrates in their formulation. This benefits those who are watching their calorie intake.
- Excellent for producers of energy drinks because it provides instant energy and is much easier to digest and assimilate
- NESUGAR ™ helps to reduce in between 45% to 55% storage space, handling costs, and inventory control
- Using NESUGAR ™ can help to reduce from 60% to 80% of energy costs associated with the dissolution of the solids in the liquid mixture (Reduction of temperature and stirring time)
- The mixing time is also reduced in the range 60% to 80% without leaving solid deposition in the bottom of the trough
- All or almost all filtration steps can be eliminated, because NESUGAR ™ is free of impurities


text:
The Blind Fiddlers of Sheffield are to be remembered 170 years after they used to play in Paradise Square in Sheffield city centre.
A blue heritage plaque is due to be installed on a wall in the Georgian square where a pub called The Q in the Corner used to stand, and where the musicians used to play.
Specifically, the plaque will be in tribute to Samuel Goodlad, a musician and philanthropist, who encouraged local blind musicians to form an organisation that demanded "high standards of musical expertise". Council permission for the plaque to go on a listed building was granted to the Rotary Club of Sheffield, which is commemorating a number of famous local people with blue plaques.
The one for Samuel Goodlad, 1740 to 1790, was paid for by Sheffield's traditional music community, and reflects on the Blind Fiddlers' "continuing influence".
They met in Paradise Square until the 1840s.
The plaque will go on a chartered surveyors' building.


Cathy Rentzenbrink: The Long Journey to Grief
Cathy Rentzenbrink is an acclaimed author and speaker.
Her memoir, The Last Act of Love, is about the life and death of her beloved brother, Matty, and the impact this had on her life. Matty was left in a Persistent Vegetal State following a car accident just weeks before receiving his GCSE results.
'At what point does a human life cease to be worth living? This question lies at the heart of Cathy Rentzenbrink's extraordinary memoir.' – The Times
In this discussion with Dr Lesel Dawson, a lecturer at the University of Bristol, Cathy talks about the trauma and grief of her brother's accident, and how what happened to him made it difficult to experience or process the grief that followed.
She explores the ethical complexities of decision making around people in Persistent Vegetal States, and how time doesn't relieve grief in and of itself, but rather it's what you do with time. She explains how writing and sharing her story started to help her process her grief, revealing what she wishes she could say to her younger self. Cathy also offers wider advice for those experiencing grief and loss.
Cathy's other books include A Manual for Heartache, which offers a broad look at sorrow, anguish, despair, loss; and Dear Reader, a joyous and moving exploration of Cathy's lifelong love of books, and the ways that reading has influenced her life and supported her mental health and wellbeing.
Dr Lesel Dawson is a Senior Lecturer in English at the University of Bristol, specialising in grief, Renaissance literature and the history of the emotions. She's leading a research project on Creative Grieving and writing a book that explores how art and the imagination can enable the bereaved to express and process their loss.
Image (c) Peter Flude
Facilitator Dr Lesel Dawson
Dr Lesel Dawson
Facilitator Cathy Rentzenbrick
Cathy Rentzenbrink


Definitions for "Snowline"
The lowest point at which snow remains year-round.
The line on a glacier separating the area where snow remains from year to year from the area where snow from the previous season melts.
the elevation above which snow remains on the ground year-round, ie the lower boundary of a permanent snowcap. Sometimes also used to designate the lower elevation boundary of merely seasonal snowfields.
In astronomy, a snowline is a theoretical distance from a star that, during the system's formation, material must orbit outside of in order for a planet core to form.


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Feathered trees are profitable
This second-leaf Gala tree produced the equivalent of 300 bushels per acre.
Does it pay to plant a more expensive, but highly feathered tree rather than a one-year graft, bench graft, or sleeping eye tree?
Cornell University's Dr. Terence Robinson, who has studied the economics of planting different types of trees, believes that most growers are better off planting a finished tree.
While unfinished trees are half to one-third the cost of feathered trees, his analysis of the effect of tree price and its influence on profitability showed that the differences between the cost of using finished versus unfinished trees were small when trees were planted at low densities.
At low densities, the feathered trees were the most profitable. The optimum tree density for feathered trees was around 950 trees per acre, whereas the optimum density for low-cost trees was more than 2,000 trees per acre.
"In large measure, you're trading dollars at all the densities—you buy cheaper trees, you get less yield, or you buy more expensive trees and you get early yield," he said.
Moreover, in many locations, such as New York, the smaller trees do not produce fruit in the second year.
For those who have the management and knowledge to grow sleeping eyes or one-year grafts, they can work well, he said. But there is greater risk in growing bench grafts in a new planting. In a Cornell trial, they had a 98 percent survival from feathered trees, but he has heard of as low as 50 percent takes in bench-graft plantings.
"You're less likely to fail if you plant highly feathered trees," Robinson said.
He reminds eastern growers that micro-drip irrigation must be available to supply the highly feathered trees with water within two weeks of planting. "Highly feathered trees experience water stress in late May and June due to limited root systems and extensive leaf area," he stated, adding that water must be applied frequently to the newly planted trees.
Fertigation can also improve tree growth to the young trees, as they have limited nutrient uptake due to damaged root systems.
He recommends providing the young trees with 60 to 100 pounds of nitrogen per acre through the drip system over the course of about ten weeks. A liquid nitrogen product like CAN 17 works well, he said. About 60 pounds per acre per year of potassium is needed in the third year of planting.


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Our students spend a lot of their time outdoors. Although many of these hours involve exploration and imaginaitive play, I often see them playing more organized, pickup games of ultimate frisbee, basketball, and soccer. It never ceases to amaze me that our students play in all sorts of weather (notice football in the snow, below). Games at Fairhaven can be like the weather, in a way: they materialize instantly like summer storms often do, out of nowhere, then at some point they scatter, only to return another day.
Becka Miller, Staff


The Awakening of Sentience
cat sentienceWhat is the difference between humans and animals? It is not always easy to tell, and the truth is, humans have not been so different from animals at all. We learned how to use written language and we developed some technology, but in the way we function inside and the way we process and relate to the world around us, humanity has been living largely as a primal and a tribal species.
It was not our fault that we did not develop into more advanced creatures. In a world as damaged as ours, it was impossible. We functioned as frightened animals, not because we wanted to, but because there was not enough light to develop. There was too much fear and not enough joy, and so we as a species could not function at the level of the heart.
Now that the Light has returned, and with the help of Kirael, humanity is finally making the leap to the heart, to what is considered by other races the birth of sentience.
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How To Make It Stick – CPD Book for Language Teachers
An extraordinary book discussing the theory and practice of making learning stick. It's a very insightful book, albeit quite a long read!
Memory plays a key role in our ability to carry out complex cognitive tasks, such as applying knowledge to problems never before encountered and drawing inferences from facts already known. The book discusses new insights into how memory is encoded, consolidated, and later retrieved. Research shows that more complex and durable learning come from self-testing, introducing certain difficulties in practice, waiting to re-study new material until a little forgetting has set in, and interleaving the practice of one skill or topic with another which makes complete sense!
I recommend this book wholeheartedly, as it gives proven examples and how different methods can help to make the learning stick. Perfect for teachers and trainers.
An enjoyable book for language teachers which discusses the theory and practice of making learning stick.JOIN ME ON MY SOCIALS FOR MORE FAB TEACHING CONTENT >>


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The Cardiff Harbour Authority Water Safety Code is designed to promote safety in the Bay and its rivers. We want you to enjoy your experience around the water's edge, so please follow the Water Safety Code.
The main principles to follow are:
- Swimming is NOT permitted in the Bay or rivers (due to its dangerous depth and currents)
- If you see anyone in difficulty, dial 999 and ask for the Emergency Services
- Do not throw rubbish or stones in the water
- Always wear boots or shoes on the riverbanks and on the foreshore


text: [en] In the present paper, three solutions are proposed to simulate fast phenomena with finite element method at best. At first, material constitutive laws of Johnson-Cook and Zerilli-Armstrong types are implemented. These well-known laws are efficient for the description of material behavior at high velocities, especially for material used in automotive or aeronautics industry. The second contribution of this paper is the coupling of an implicit Chung-Hulbert algorithm taking into account the inertial effects with a staggered scheme for solving the thermal problem. The last input of this paper is the use of EAS (Enhanced Assumed Strain) finite elements to better capture complex strain modes, especially bending that is not accurately evaluated with classical finite elements. These EAS finite elements are used in the scope of thermomechanical dynamic phenomena implemented in a modular C++ environment at the University of Liege in the home made software METAFOR.


1. Bacillus abortus Bang can be regularly recovered from guinea pigs inoculated with material containing the bacillus within 3 to 4 weeks.
2. The method is especially useful in recovering the organism from fetal membranes which, as a rule, are obtained after having come in contact with fecal matter, bedding, etc.
3. The spleen is the organ in which the bacteria are regularly present and in largest numbers. Cultures must be made from it to ensure success.
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Why is vehicle and equipment cleaning a stormwater issue?
Wash water from vehicle and equipment washing has the potential to carry nutrients, metals, and oils and greases to local water bodies, if the detergent-rich water used for washing flows into the storm drain system that leads to local streams and rivers. These pollutants can impact the aquatic animals in these water bodies.
The MAA maintains an airfield vehicle and equipment wash facilities at BWI Marshall and Martin State Airports. They are located between the BWI Marshall's Signature Vehicle Maintenance Building (#134) and the Airport Tenants Vehicle Maintenance Building (#123) along the entrance road to the Fuel Farm, and west of MTN Hanger 6 adjacent to Taxilane G respectively. The facility drains are collected by oil/water separators to eliminate contaminants from sanitary sewer drains.
Tenants are required to prevent or reduce pollutants exposed to or discharged to stormwater from vehicle and equipment cleaning. However, there is flexibility in what measures tenants can implement to accomplish this. The MAA has developed Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plans (SWPPPs) for both BWI and Martin State Airport NPDES permits. The plans identify best management practices for both MAA staff and tenants related to activities such as vehicle and equipment cleaning.
As described in Tenant Directive BWI-207.2 (Washing of Airport Tenants' Vehicles and Equipment), tenants must use the airfield vehicle and equipment wash facility unless a permit for an alternative option is approved that includes:
- Developing a contingency plan for spills
- Blocking storm drains in the vicinity of washing activities
- Collecting wastewater
- Removing wastewater from the airport property
- Using chemicals for washing with a pH between 6.0 and 9.0
Some examples of best management practices tenants can adopt include:
- Designate an area for cleaning activities.
- Use "dry" washing and surface preparation techniques when possible. Consider dry washing as an option regardless of aircraft size. Remove all materials (i.e., drippings and residue) using vacuum methods. Dispose of properly.
- Provide secondary containment, and cover if possible, for containers of washing and steam cleaning additives.
- Use pigs/mats to control the discharge of wash water.
- Use biodegradable phosphate-free detergents.
- Keep wash area clean and free of waste.
- Include proper signage to prohibit the discharge of waste oils into the drains.
- Collect and discharge wash water to an approved treatment facility (sanitary sewer system) through a permitted connection.
Physical Site Usage
- Use off-site commercial washing and steam cleaning where feasible. Using appropriate offsite facilities will decrease the potential for stormwater pollution on-site.
- Clean equipment only in designated wash areas that are covered and/or bermed to prevent contamination of stormwater through contact with wastes. Cleaning areas should be clearly demarcated on the ground.
- Gate valves at catch basins will prevent discharge to the storm drainage system during washing activities by facilitating the collection of wash water.
- Filter and recycle wash water when possible.
- Inspect, clean, and maintain sumps, oil/water separators, and on-site treatment and recycling units.
- Obtain approval prior to commencing wet washing activities in any area outside designated wash rack.
- Maintain adequate supplies of spill response equipment and materials in accessible locations near areas where spills of cleaning chemicals may be likely to occur.
Inspection and Training
- Provide the appropriate level of employee training in the following areas: spill response and prevention, stormwater pollution prevention education, right-to-know awareness training, and hazardous materials management.
- Develop regular vehicle maintenance and inspection programs.
- Characterize wastes derived from oil/water separators.
Successful implementation depends on effective training of employees on applicable BMPs and general pollution prevention strategies.
One of the requirements of tenant leases is that tenants must adhere to the requirements of the applicable tenant directives and associated regulations. Not adhering to these requirements can impact the standing of the tenant lease.
Additionally, many of the best management practices identified above are those included in the SWPPP, which is applicable to both the MAA and tenants at the airport. Not implementing best management practices in association with tenant activities may result in the contamination of stormwater at the airport. The MAA is legally obligated to report any illegal discharges to MDE who may issue fines or penalties for non-compliance with the Clean Water Act and the NPDES Permit. This may result in civil or criminal penalties (see Part II.C.15 and 16 of the stormwater permit for more detail).


Integral Theory and Project Management–the Concept of A Holon (tenet #1)
1. Introduction
In his magnum opus Sex, Ecology, and Spirituality, Ken Wilber lays out the 20 fundamental tenets that he postulates for holons, which are entities that are at once a) wholes that are composed of parts, and b) parts that comprise larger wholes. This concept of a holon is fruitful in that it bridges the divide in the history of philosophy between theories that postulate the primacy of the many vs. those that postulates the primacy of the one.
Ken Wilber, in his book A Brief Theory of Everything explicates the 20 tenets of holons in a format that is easier to read and understand, meant for people who are looking for an introduction to his other philosophical works. In this post, I go through the first of these 20 tenets regarding the concept of a holon, and show how it can be applied to the practice of project management.
So it may seem like arcane philosophical discourse at first, but it has very important real-world consequences, and that is why I am interested in studying it in depth, as a kind of philosophical underpinning to project management.
1. Tenet #1: Reality is Composed of Whole/Parts, or "Holons"
A familiar example to explain this concept is that of a cell. It is composed of organelles, so it is a whole which contains parts or components. But a cell is of course a part of a larger whole, such as an organ of the body. A project's objectives are broken down into components called work packages, so a project contains parts or components as well. However, a project is also a part of a larger whole called a program (a series of related projects which share certain resources).
Likewise, a program is part of a larger whole called a portfolio (a series of programs which share certain business goals). And a portfolio is part of the business operations of an organization.
So going from smaller to larger, you have
work packages (deliverables) → project → program → portfolio → organization
The implication for a project manager is that you have to be able to change your focus to look both "downward" and "upward", if by "downward" we mean from the scope of the project as a whole to the details of its smallest components, the work packages which produce the deliverables of the project, and if by "upward" we mean from the project as a part of a larger program, which in turn may be part of a larger portfolio, all undertaken by the organization.
As a project manager, you have to on a regular basis transmit the status of your project as a whole, and sometimes include the details of some of its components (particularly if there are problems pertaining to them), to the larger organizational units within the company starting with the program manager.
These perspectives sometimes create a tension, an example of which I illustrate below.
As a project manager, your goal is to achieve a schedule performance index of 1.00 (meaning the project is being completed by the deadline) and a cost performance index of 1.00 (meaning the project is being achieved within the budget allotted to it). Ideally, you would like to have a schedule and a cost performance index greater than 1.00, which would mean you are coming in UNDER budget and BEFORE the deadline.
But what happens if, say, you get a schedule and a cost performance index of 2.00? That would mean that it took the project took only half the time you were allotted and it only half as much as the budget you were allotted. That would make you look like a real hero to the program manager, right? Well, perhaps, but the program manager, remember, has OTHER projects to be concerned about as well. If you completed the project using only half the resources you were allotted, then that means that, from the program manager's point of view, half the resources that you didn't use were locked up in your project unable to be used by any other project. That, from his standpoint, would be a waste of resources that could have been used productively elsewhere in his or her program.
So this example shows that you have to be sensitive not just to the many parts which you, like an orchestra conductor, weave into the symphony of activity called a project, but you must be sensitive to the various organizational units of which your project is merely a part.
Let's consider the stakeholders you must deal with on a project. Stakeholders can be broken out into categories that also can be explained using the concept of a holon. A project manager might have to deal with stakeholders who are a) internal to the project and internal to the organization (the project team, for example), b) external to the project and internal to the organization (the management sponsor of the project), or c) external to the project and external to the organization (suppliers, customers, regulatory agencies, etc.). Thus a project manager is dealing with a series of nested entities which he or she must take into account when running the project. This is one reason why I was attracted to integral theory, because it elucidates these hierarchical relationships you must often contend with. The other reason is that it facilitates the understanding of different perspectives, which is also necessary when you deal with many different types of stakeholders from each of the three categories mentioned above.
Next week I will discuss the second tenet of the concept of a holon, and its implication for project management.
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How to Drain Gas from a Briggs & Stratton Lawnmower, the best three methods
It's the start of the season, and you take your winterized Briggs & Stratton lawnmower out. If you notice your engine not starting after not using it for an extended time, it's a high possibility that the fuel stored in it has gone stale. As a result, deposits have formed inside the carburetor, and the engine doesn't produce enough power. The solution to this is to drain the old fuel completely from your lawnmower, clean the carburetor and add fresh gas. Besides bad fuel, there can be other reasons you need to drain the tank's gas. This blog post helps you with some of the best and easiest methods to drain the gas from a Briggs & Stratton lawnmower.
How to drain gas from a Briggs and Stratton lawnmower, the best three methods:
 - Method 1: Use a siphon pump to empty the fuel tank. The pump's top hose goes into the tank, whereas the bottom hose carries fuel to a storage container.
 - Method 2: Disconnect the fuel line leading to the carburetor and collect the fuel coming out of it until the tank is emptied.
 - Method 3: For lighter walk-behind mowers, the machine can be tilted with the air filter upwards to catch the tank's fuel.
How to Drain Gas from a Briggs & Stratton Lawnmower, the best three methods 1
For almost all small engines, gasoline is used as fuel. The gasoline quality doesn't remain the same over time. It generally degrades, thus forming deposits. Typically, gasoline compounds react with oxygen to form sticky residues that can clog your filters and jets. As a result, the fuel isn't able to reach the engine for combustion to initiate. To solve this problem, you need to replenish the gasoline in the tank.
This article will look into the above-mentioned methods in more detail.
The best ways to drain gas from a Briggs and Stratton lawnmower:
There are several ways to remove gas from your Briggs and Stratton lawnmower. We shall explore these methods one by one.
- Equipment needed:
It's always better to know what tools you would need before starting any repair work. Luckily, this task doesn't need sophisticated equipment. If you choose the siphon pump method, you need one, of course. Additionally, you need a pair of nose pliers, a screwdriver, a rag to catch spills, and a plastic container/bottle for this job. Before you start, park the Briggs and Stratton lawnmower at a location that can deal with some gas spillage.
- Method 1: Using a siphon pump:
A siphon pump is the cleanest and easiest way of removing bad gasoline from the Briggs and Stratton fuel tank. It can be used on both riding lawnmowers and walk-behind lawnmowers. You can purchase a siphon pump quite easily by visiting a car parts store for as low as 10$.
– For riding lawnmowers:
In riding Briggs and Stratton lawnmowers, the gas tank is situated just underneath the seat or under the hood. For some models, you might need to lift the seat to access the fuel cap.
 - Step 1: To drain the fuel, open the cap and insert the siphon pump's top hose to fully immersed into the tank. For your information, a siphon pump comes with two hoses. The top one is inserted from where the fuel has to be drained. In contrast, the bottom hose carries the drained fuel into a secondary container.
 - Step 2: Manage any plastic cylinder or a plastic bottle to store the gasoline removed from the tank. Avoid using any metal can since the flow of gas can induce static charge, which may produce a spark in the presence of metal.
 - Step 3: Pump the siphon with your hand to draw the gasoline from the tank and transfer it into the plastic container. Remove any kinks or curls in the siphon hose to allow easy drainage. Keep pumping the gas until the fuel tank is empty.
– For walk-behind lawnmowers:
For walk-behind Briggs and Stratton lawnmowers, the methodology is entirely the same except that the gas tank is easier to find as it is present on the top. Remove its cap and insert the siphon hose to drain the fuel.
- Method 2: Disconnecting the fuel line:
If a siphon pump isn't available, you can disconnect the fuel line. This method is somewhat more complex but is still quite convenient to drain the Briggs and Stratton fuel tank. It can be applied to both riding and walk-behind lawnmowers.
– Riding lawnmowers:
In riding lawnmowers, the first thing you need to do is locate the fuel line that transports the fuel from the tank into the carburetor.
Step 1: To access the carburetor, you might need to lift the mower hood and detach the air filter assembly. This might seem not very easy, but once you gain access to the carburetor, it's just a matter of a few minutes to drain the fuel entirely.
Step 2: Once the Briggs and Stratton carburetor is visible, locate the fuel line that carries the tank's fuel. You need to use a pair of nose pliers to squeeze the hose and remove it from the connector's hold. Or you can loosen the connector with a screwdriver.
Step 3: When the hose is detached, fuel starts coming out of it. You need to arrange an open container to catch the fuel coming from the tank. Lower the hose downwards and allow all the fuel to be drained entirely into the container. Keep doing this until the tank has been emptied.
– Walk-behind lawnmowers:
This procedure is comparatively easy in Briggs and Stratton walk-behind mowers as the fuel line is normally visible from the outside. Furthermore, the mower deck acts as a fuel-catching container and can catch gas spills.
Before draining the fuel, don't forget to clean the fuel lines from dirt with a rag.
- Method 3: Tilting the mower over:
The last method sounds easy but is often more challenging than you think. It can better be performed with two people. It is limited to walk-behind Briggs and Stratton mowers as they can be tilted easily. Before starting, make sure you follow the steps below:
 - Step 1: Before tilting, make sure that the spark plug wire is disconnected so that there is no risk of your Briggs and Stratton engine starting accidentally. Also, take care that the air filter assembly needs be pointing upwards when tilting the mower. This step is done so that the engine oil does not flow into the fuel tank.
 - Step 2: Arrange a plastic container to catch the fuel and place it under the fuel cap. Open the fuel cap and allow the fuel to be entirely drained into the container.
 - Step 3: Once the container is empty, dispose of the fuel removed and close the fuel cap. Reconnect the spark plug wire.
- Additional Steps:
Note that whatever method you follow for draining the fuel, there are some additional steps that you should follow for completely removing the fuel remnants from your mower.
– Run the engine for a while:
After the Briggs and Stratton fuel tank is empty, some fuel might still be left in the carburetor and fuel lines. To empty this leftover fuel, start your lawnmower engine and allow it to run for a while. When the engine has stopped after some time, your device is devoid of any fuel now.
– Clean the carburetor:
When removing old fuel, it is always good to clean the carburetor from old fuel deposits. To do this, open the bowl nut of your carburetor and remove both the nut and bowl. Spray some carburetor cleaner liquid on the nut, which is the main jet, to dislodge any debris. Also, clean the bowl and spray some cleaner inside the carburetor. This guarantees a smooth Briggs and Stratton engine performance once you start it after fresh fuel addition.
Related Questions:
1. What is the best lawnmower gas?
The best gas for a lawnmower is the one with the following characteristics:
 - It should be fresh and clean.
 - If you are working at high altitudes, you should have at least an octane number of 87.
 - 10 percent of ethanol or up to 15 percent of MTBE
 - A canned fuel option such as Briggs & Stratton Advanced Formula Ethanol-Free Fuel can also be used.
2. Should I be using a fuel stabilizer?
A fuel stabilizer is a way to safeguard the gas in the lawnmower. It is generally made from petroleum products and is combined with gasoline to prevent evaporation. This prevents the gasoline from forming sticky deposits stuck in the carburetor and can restrict the flow.
Fuel stabilizers are not recommended for the daily use of vehicles. However, it is highly recommended for seasonal equipment such as lawnmowers to use a fuel stabilizer to avoid gasoline evaporation.
3. Can you clean a lawnmower fuel filter?
Cleaning a fuel filter occasionally prevents deposits in the carburetor and guarantees a smooth engine operation. To clean the fuel filter, detach the fuel line leaving the fuel tank for the carburetor. The filter is present in this fuel line.
After removing the filter, clean it using a solvent cleaner. Let it dry for some time and reinstall it back into the fuel line. Note that your fuel tank should be emptied while doing this, and fresh addition of fuel should


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Most Common Types of Soil Found in Carpet
Our primary function as a cleaning service is identifying and removing soils in an effective and efficient manner. The more we know about dirt/soil the more successfully we can deal with it. Soil is a destructive force. Unless it is removed promptly, soil will discolor and eventually destroy any carpet.
As previously stated, the key job of carpet cleaning is to remove soil from carpet. However, there are several different types of soils and contaminants found in carpets. Knowing what type of soil is in the carpet is frequently the first step in effectively removing it.
As much as 80% of these soils are actually deposited onto carpets from the shoe bottoms of people walking into facilities, according to Mark Baxter, a carpet cleaning expert and product manager for U.S. Products…
U.S. Products' Carpet Cleaning Advisory found the top 10 types of soils found in carpets:
1. Sand, clay, and other "gritty" materials
2. Natural fibers such as lint from clothing
3. Gum
4. Petroleum, oil, and grease
5. Human hair and skin
6. Dust mites, fleas, and other insects
7. Organic soils and materials (minerals and soils from landscaping areas, for example)
8. Airborne carbon and automotive exhaust
9. Spilled food or beverages
10. So-called "miscellaneous unknowns"
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Groundwork USA: Bridgeport and Portland
DOI link for Groundwork USA: Bridgeport and Portland
Groundwork USA: Bridgeport and Portland book
This chapter examines two case studies, again at the sub-national level, in the USA. These case studies are projects driven by the Groundwork organisation, a global-level actor, and both the cases are focused on brownfi eld urban renewal strategies across projects in differing locations. There are common themes across each of these projects, such as the involvement of local communities, physical and social improvement of housing and green space facilities, and an overarching theme of sustainable urban renewal across the housing and education sectors, as well as communal parkland and green space.


Mesmerizing video of 'Waterfall Clouds' in Aizawl goes viral
1 min read
Mesmerizing video of 'Waterfall Clouds' in Aizawl goes viral
A mesmerizing video of clouds flowing off a height like a waterfall in Aizawl is going viral.
The video was shared on Facebook by Aziz Barbhuiya, and has been viewed and shared thousands of times on social media.
The viral clip shows clouds descending from a higher level to a lower one, with many saying it looked like a fluffy waterfall.
Watch the video here:
Waterfall Clouds
The stunning visual comes from a phenomenon known as orographic clouds that are commonly known as "waterfall clouds". These clouds are generally associated with a moist airflow over mountainous areas.
It usually occurs when stable air encounters a mountain, and is lifted upward, cooling as it rises. Water vapour in the moist air could condense, making it visible as a cloud. So when orographic clouds flow down from the tops of mountains, it often looks like a waterfall.
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Mixing Meat
Mixing meat by hand also raises its temperature and should be done quickly to extend life of sausages. It takes roughly about 5 minutes to thoroughly mix 10 lbs. of meat. The ingredients may be premixed with cold water in a blender, and then poured over the minced meat. The water helps to evenly distribute the ingredients and it also helps soften the mass during stuffing. We can easily add 1 cup of cold pater to 5 lbs. of meat because it is going to evaporate during smoking anyhow. A rule of thumb is about 8% of water in relation to the weight of the meat. It only takes 5 minutes to mix 5 - 10 lbs of meat by hand. The time is important because fat specks start to melt at 95-104° F (35-40° C). We want to prevent this smearing to keep the sausage texture looking great.The temperature of the sausage mix should be between 0-5º C (32-40º F). If this temperature increases, the sausage mix should be cooled down in a refrigerator before proceeding to the stuffing step.
If the meat/fat mixture is not mixed adequately (then the salt/myosin reaction will be minimal and the water holding capacity and the meat binding capacities will be reduced. Apply some force when mixing, kneading might be a good word for it. This will help to extract proteins which will combine with salt and water and will create a sticky meat mass. This will hold meat particles together and will result in a good texture.
If the meat was previously cured, then the salt, nitrite, and sugar was already added to it. Now we have to add the remaining spices. They should be mixed with cold water in a blender, and then poured over the minced meat. The water helps to evenly distribute the ingredients and it also helps soften it during stuffing. We can easily add 1 cup of cold water to 5 lbs of meat because it is going to evaporate during smoking anyway. Water should not be added to uncooked sausages which will be cold smoked, slow fermented or air dried.
When mixing meat with ingredients, it is best to follow this sequence:
 1. Minced meats, starter culture, nitrite/nitrate, spices.
 2. Minced fat.
 3. Salt.
There are some people that like to add spices to meat during the grinding step. Then they will mix it again. Some don't mix at all but grind meat through a big plate 3/4" - 1", then add spices to ground meat and regrind it again through a 1/8" plate. Some say that placing salt in a grinder has a detrimental effect on a cutting knife and that it should be avoided. We believe that the easiest procedure for someone using a manual grinder is to grind the meat first and then mix it well with all ingredients.
Mixing introduces spices and flavorings into the previously minced meat. Home based sausage makers use a grinder to mince the meat which is then mixed by hand with other ingredients. The mixer is a must when over 50 lbs. of sausage is produced as the task is physically demanding. There are small manually cranked mixers designed for a hobbyist and they will accomodate 25-50 lbs. of meat. Keep in mind that for limited home production a small mixer has some short comings. It must be:
 - washed before use.
 - washed in hot water after the use.
 - stored somewhere.
It makes little sense to go into all this trouble to mix 5 lbs. of minced sausage mass when the same task can be accomplished in 5 minutes using hands and any suitable container. The meat should be placed in a big container to facilitate mixing it by hand. Like everything else, the container should be made of stainless steel, stone, or food grade plastic. Remember to taste your sausage now, before you stuff it, since you still have time to implement any changes. Make a tiny hamburger anf fry it, it will take only a minute or two.
Mixing meat
Mixing meat for sausages
Mixing meat
Mixing meat with spices
Mixing meat
If you are a fit person mixing of 50 lbs of meat should not present a problem.
Meat mixer
There are small hand cranked mixers that can mix 20 – 50 lbs at a time. However, it is easy to mix 20 lbs of meat by hand the way we have been kneading dough for centuries.
Meat mixer
Inside view of a 50 lb capacity manually operated meat mixer. Photo courtesy Sausage Maker, Buffalo, NY.
Meat mixer
110 lb and 220 lb capacity mixers by Koch Equipment, Kansas City, MO
Originally whole cuts of meat were either dry cured or immersed in brine. This required an investment in time and storage space. Today the majority of meats are injected with a solution of salt, nitrite, phosphates, sodium erythorbate and other ingredients and flavors. The operation is performed by a bank of about 30 needles which inject a solution under pressure into the meat. There is a limit to how many needles can be inserted as this procedure creates holes and affects the internal structure of the meat. To evenly distribute the injected solution inside, the tumblers come into play. They offer the following advantages:
 - Curing solution is distributed evenly inside of the meat.
 - Curing times are greatly reduced.
 - Mechanical action leads to stronger extraction of meat proteins and more exudate is created which helps in binding meat cuts together.
All tumblers employ a similar principle of operation: a set of paddles rotate inside of a tank moving meat pieces around. There are units that operate under a vacuum that further improve the results.
Meat tumbler
Tumbler operation. A good tumbler must have a diameter of at least 3 feet, otherwise there is little impact to falling meat pieces.
Meat tumbler
Koch LT-60 Vacuum tumbler, 1000 lbs. capacity. Photo courtesy Koch Equipment, Kansas City, MO.
The tumbler is a machine with a rotating drum. The meat pieces bounce around its moving walls providing better brine distribution inside of the meat. Tumblers normally are horizontal units where meats are struck by the paddles, fall down and are moved up again by the rotating paddles. A tumbler resembles a cloth dryer which moves wet clothing around by means of a rotating drum with paddles. Through the use of vacuum tumbling, meat, poultry, fish, and seafood processors can produce ready to cook, value added products while reducing labor content and increasing product yields. Vacuum tumbling offers improvements to product sliceability, cure color, and overall product juiciness and tenderness which results in higher profitability.
Small products (below 2.5 inches in diameter) can be marinated and tumbled within minutes. Large (2.5 inches or larger) products can be marinated using a combination of injection and tumbling. Large whole muscle meats are normally injected with brine.
The primary purpose of tumbling these products is the optimal protein extraction which will allow individual pieces of meat to stick together during the cooking process. Due to renewed public interest in making quality products at home, smaller tumblers (8 and 15 lbs.) are carried by distributors of sausage making equipment and supplies.
Massagers generally are vertical units and offer more delicate action than tumblers. Meat pieces rub against each other or the surface wall of the massager without loss of contact. Although the actual massaging or tumbling time is only about 1-3 hours, this action is continuously interrupted and meats are allowed to rest. The process generally continues for about 24 hours at low temperatures. The machines are normally loaded 1/2 - 2/3 capacity. Due to their gentler mode of operation, massagers need more time than tumblers to perform the same task.
Meat massager
Meat massager
Koch equipment stainless steel Magnum Series 6000 massager with 6000-liters capacity.
The machine comes standard with cooling and is equipped with a uniquely designed baffle that rotates and slides the product throughout the drum during processing. This results in the product remaining against the walls and baffles of the drum versus the actual tumbling delivered by competitor models. The advantage is a more gentle massaging action while extracting protein in a highly efficient manner under constant vacuum.
 - Improved product quality (juicier, more tender, and flavorful).
 - Increased profit margins through the delivery of ready-to-cook, value-added products.
 - Increased productivity through reduced handling/processing time.
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text:
SCADA System Failure Causes Shut down of Dublin Port Tunnel
The SCADA system, responsible for height detection of vehicles, fire suppression mechanisms, closed circuit television and emergency lighting in the Dublin Port Tunnel failed causing traffic chaos. The National Roads Authority (NRA) expressed "serious concerns" about both the "durability and reliablility" of the SCADA safety system. An NRA spokesman described the shutdown as "an emergency situation". Adding that the system would be replaced or repaired "piece by piece" to avoid future shutdowns.
The SCADA system failure was responsible for a forced shutdown of the Dublin Port Tunnel resulting in traffic chaos.


Class
TVApplicationController
An object that bridges the UI, navigation stack, storage, and event handling from JavaScript.
Declaration
class TVApplicationController : NSObject
Overview
The TVApplicationController class establishes the JavaScript environment and provides a centralized point of control and coordination between the JavaScript environment and tvOS.
Topics
Controlling and Handling Events
func stop()
Ends the app life cycle.
Getting the Delegate
var delegate: TVApplicationControllerDelegate?
The delegate of the app controller object.
protocol TVApplicationControllerDelegate
A protocol used to observe and manage the different states of an application controller.
Examining App Controller Properties
var context: TVApplicationControllerContext
The launch information for the application controller.
var navigationController: UINavigationController
The navigation controller that is bridged from JavaScript to tvOS.
var window: UIWindow?
A reference to the window supplied when the app controller was initialized.
Relationships
Inherits From
Conforms To
See Also
JavaScript Environment
class TVApplicationControllerContext
Launch information provided to the TV application controller.


Blog Post
Generate Serial Numbers at Job Release Customization for Epicor 9
Serial numbers will be created from Job Entry with a new button that will use the current job number displayed and the production quantity for the number of serial numbers to create.
Customer requirement: If the sn is assigned as part of this transaction, the composition of the sn should be the job number, including leading zeroes, followed by a dash ("-"), followed by an incremental serial number. As part of serial entry as launched from the Job Entry, the serial prefix should be auto-populated with the job number followed by a dash, and the number range begin with 001 (the number of digits and leading zeroes will be determined by the number of digits on the Production Quantity field, in this example 3). The starting number can be adjusted, but the ending number will always be the starting number + the transaction quantity. (Serial numbers will always be sequential for the transaction)
The 'Create Serial Number' functionality can be run once per Job.
Screen examples:
Part is configured for Serial Tracking, mask is alphanumeric If no demand quantity exists, serials cannot be generated
Demand quantity trigger enables the serial generation button
Populated Form


text:
Bucket testing, also known as A/B testing or split testing, is a method used to compare two versions of a webpage or app against each other to determine which one performs better. Essentially, it involves showing two variants (A and B) to different segments of users under similar conditions and analyzing which variant achieves better performance on specified metrics, such as conversion rates, click-through rates, or engagement levels.
The primary goal of bucket testing is to make data-driven decisions regarding changes to a website or app. By empirically testing hypotheses on how certain variations affect user behavior, companies can optimize their digital properties to improve user experience and achieve business objectives more effectively.
- Hypothesis Formation: Start with a hypothesis about how a change might improve user experience or performance.
- Variant Creation: Create two or more versions of a webpage or app feature — the original (control) and the modification(s) (variant).
- Randomized Assignment: Randomly assign users to either the control group or one of the variant groups to ensure unbiased results.
- Data Collection and Analysis: Collect and analyze data on how each group interacts with the version they see, focusing on predefined metrics.
- Decision Making: Use statistical analysis to determine which version performed better and whether the results are significant. Implement the winning version if it proves to be superior.
- Improved User Experience: By testing different variations, companies can discover what users prefer and what drives better engagement, leading to an enhanced user experience.
- Increased Conversion Rates: Optimizing webpages or app features based on test results can lead to higher conversion rates, directly impacting revenue and business growth.
- Risk Mitigation: Making changes based on data from bucket testing reduces the risk associated with new features or design changes, as decisions are informed by actual user behavior.
Bucket testing is a powerful tool for improving website and app performance. By allowing data to guide design and feature decisions, companies can systematically enhance the user experience, increase conversions, and reduce the risks associated with making changes to their digital properties. This approach ensures that improvements are always aligned with what users want and need, leading to more successful and user-friendly digital products.


From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article is about the condiment. For the fictional character, see Ano Hi Mita Hana no Namae o Bokutachi wa Mada Shiranai#Characters.
Menma on some ramen.
"Hosaki-Menma", an ear of Menma bamboo.
Menma (メンマ or 麺麻 or 麺碼?) is a Japanese condiment made from lactate-fermented bamboo shoots. The bamboo shoots are dried in the sun or through other means before the process of fermentation. Menma is a common topping for noodle soups, notably ramen. Menma is primarily produced in China, with brands imported from southern China and Taiwan being popular.[1] Menma is also known as shinachiku (支那竹?), "Chinese bamboo".[1][2]
 1. ^ a b "メンマ" [Menma]. Nihon Kokugo Daijiten (in Japanese). Tokyo: Shogakukan. 2012. OCLC 56431036. Retrieved 2012-05-31.
 2. ^ "メンマ" [Menma]. Nihon Daihyakka Zensho (Nipponika) (in Japanese). Tokyo: Shogakukan. 2012. OCLC 153301537. Retrieved 2012-06-08.
External links[edit]


Eric Forgy Process Calculus
Warning: This is draft material.
Goal
To understand process calculus arrow theoretically.
First, collect some concepts. We want to think of a concurrent system as a directed graph
A processor is listening if it has edges directed toward it and is talking if it has edges directed away from it.
Any processor can be listening, talking, both, or neither.
Discussion
Note: This is extracted from a comment on the n-Cafe.
Eric: With ?process calculus? we obviously have ?processes? and ?processors?. What a processor does may depend on the order in which it receives information from some channel. I like the analogy of writing two checks for more than the bank balance and the outcome depends on which check is cashed first.
What I propose (without any claim of originality) is to try to think of ?process calculus? arrow theoretically where traversing each arrow requires a step through time. In other words, the picture should be that of a directed graph that looks reminiscent of a spacetime diagram. There should be a clear global concept of the ?flow of time?.
The significance of this is that statements like the following
Processor AA sends a message to processor BB over channel xx. Processor AA sends a response back to processor BB over the same channel.
can no longer be made.
Instead, to be explicit, you have to say something like:
Processor AA at time t 0t_0 sends a message to processor BB at time t 1t_1 over channel x A(t 0)B(t 1)x_{A(t_0)\to B(t_1)}. Processor BB at time t 2t_2 responds to channel AA at time t 3t_3 over channel x B(t 2)A(t 3)x_{B(t_2)\to A(t_3)}.
With spacetime diagrams as a motivation, instead of saying ?Processor AA at time t 0t_0?, we should think of the processor as a ?spacetime event? or ?node? in our directed graph. Then ?Processor AA at time t 0t_0? is completely distinct from ?Processor AA at time t 3t_3? since they are different points in spacetime and can have completely different behaviors depending on what has occurred between t 0t_0 and t 3t_3.
We have a bias toward thinking in terms of ?space? and not so much about ?spacetime?. The internet is a good example. You have computer AA talking to computer BB over channel xx. You can take a picture of it and label it accordingly.
However, for computer AA to talk to computer BB, it has to send information, which takes time. The ?channel? is not really a ?spacelike? link. It is a ?lightlike? link. Even though there is just one wire xx connecting the two computers there is really a series of channels for each time step. For example, at time t 0t_0 there are two distinct channels
x A(t 0)B(t 1)andx B(t 0)A(t 1).x_{A(t_0)\to B(t_1)}\quad\text{and}\quad x_{B(t_0)\to A(t_1)}.
Therefore, the ?spatial? picture of two processors with one channel
ABA\bullet\leftrightarrow\bullet B
needs to be replaced by the ?spacetime? picture
A(t 3) B(t 3) A(t 2) B(t 2) A(t 1) B(t 1) A(t 0) B(t 0)\begin{aligned} A(t_3) & \bullet & & & \bullet & B(t_3)\\ {} & {} & \nearrow & \nwarrow & {} & {}\\ A(t_2) & \bullet & & & \bullet & B(t_2)\\ {} & {} & \nearrow & \nwarrow & {} & {}\\ A(t_1) & \bullet & & & \bullet & B(t_1)\\ {} & {} & \nearrow & \nwarrow & {} & {}\\ A(t_0) & \bullet & & & \bullet & B(t_0) \end{aligned}
Note: This is a binary tree (or 2-diamond) with every even/odd transverse node identified, which can be thought of as a discrete version of the directed space S 1×IS^1\times\vec{I}.
As time evolves, the directed graph evolves where channels/directed edges exist or not depending on the availability of the processor node they?re connecting to.
Sorry for this stream of consciousness. To understand π\pi-calculus categorically, it would seem that a natural thing (and probably equivalent thing) to do is to understand it arrow theoretically. This was my initial attempt to maybe rephrase the question and start drawing some arrows.
John Baez: I think there?s something to what you say, Eric, but I think that most of these process calculi want to avoid assuming a ?global clock? that enables distant guys to agree on what time it is. So, no variable tt denoting time.
In a typical CPU you have a clock that keeps all the processes synchronized. But on the internet, things are more disorganized. So, most process calculi take a quite different attitude to time than you?re proposing. And an important aspect of the ∞-calculus is that you can say stuff like ?wait until you hear from me, then do blah-di-blah?.
That?s my impression at least. There are also asynchronous CPU?s that don?t have a central clock, but apparently they haven?t caught on.
Eric: I was a little nervous writing that, so thanks for being kind and taking the idea semi-seriously despite my presentation.
Whether or not the events are synchronized is not so important to the idea I was trying to outline I don't think, but I do think that a notion of time is important for concurrency problems (from what little I understand). Things are always moving forward. Causality is manifest I think. Processor BB cannot receive a signal from processor AA before AA sends it, etc.
So although we could drop the 'global clock', I don't know if we should drop time altogether. Although distant guys may not agree on what time it is, they should agree that event AA happened before event BB. For this we simply need a preorder (which is niftily encoded in a directed graph).
So that I can kick the idea around without distracting from the conversation here, I created Process Calculus. Anyone interested in helping, please feel free to drop any notes there as well as here.
John Baez: The interview David mentioned is quite interesting to me, since as an outsider I really want to understand what all this abstract stuff is good for. I can?t resist quoting a bit? but I highly recommend reading the whole thing:
Steve Ross-Talbot: I left SpiritSoft in about 2001, because, like all start-ups, you have to focus on the things that you can deliver immediately, and SpiritSoft needed to focus on messaging, not on the high-level stuff that I very much wanted to do.
I got a dispensation to leave and do more work on event-condition-action, whereupon I met Duncan Johnston-Watt, who persuaded me to join a new company called Enigmatec.
At Enigmatec we went back to fundamentals. This really is the thread upon which the pi-calculus rests for me. When you do lots of event-condition-actions, if the action itself is to publish, you get a causal chain. So one event-condition-action rule ends up firing another, but you do not know that you have a causal chain?at least the system does not tell you.
It troubled me, for a considerable time, that this was somewhat uncontrollable, and certainly if I were a CIO and somebody said they were doing stuff and it?s terribly flexible, I?d be seriously worried about the fragility of my infrastructure with people subscribing to events and then onward publishing on the fly.
So causality started to trouble me, and I was looking for ways of understanding the fundamentals of interaction, because these subscriptions to events and the onward publishing of an event really have to do with an interaction between different services or different components in a distributed framework.
Many years before I did any of this, I studied under Robin Milner, the inventor of the pi-calculus, at Edinburgh University. I came back to the pi-calculus at Enigmatec and started to reread all of my original lecture notes, and then the books, and finally started to communicate with Robin himself. It then became quite obvious that there was a way of understanding causality in a more fundamental way.
One of the interesting things in the pi-calculus is that if you have the notion of identity so that you can point to a specific interaction between any two participants, and then point to the identity of an onward interaction that may follow, you?ve now got a causal chain with the identity token that is needed to establish linkage. This answered the problem that I was wrestling with, which was all about causality and how to manage it.
At Enigmatec, we told the venture capitalists we were doing one


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How To Make.find To Find String With Space Char?
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Hi, everyone!
I have written something like this
 toSearch = TextBox1.Value
 b = ActiveSheet.Range("A1:A50").find(toSearch)
 msgBox b.value
I have a text box on form where you can input text to search. Everything works fine untill you enter something with space char.
How is it possible to make Find method to find string with a space char inside?
Thanks in advance
View Answers
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- This is very similar to the other Vlookup type Macro in that it returns all of the results that match a particular se
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Hi, i've data in (A1,A2,A3):
'a cd'(abcd+space). five char
'fghij' (just fghij). five char
'klm'(klm+2 space). five char
' no'(space+no+2 space). five char
and i want only five characther only, if last is space, then only 4, and so on :
=A1, result just 'a cd' only 4 char (a+space+cd)
=A2, result just 'fghij' only 5 char (fghij)
=A3, result just 'klm' only 3 char (klm)
=A4, result just'no' only 3 char (space+no)
remember, just last space doesn't count.
using excel 2003 at xp.
Tq bfore.
It's the CHAR() function. I don't really understand why, but just now I was working on a spreadsheet where it was being used in a long SUBSTITUTE formula. Every time I changed any precedent cell or the cell containing CHAR() Excel would crash, recover, crash again, and then bring up the spreadsheet unuseable, with all cells that used to contain CHAR() being returned as =_TAG_/A.
So, I did a find/replace and changed out the CHAR with a hard-coded string literal - and now it works.
Anyone else experience this?
Formula is to determine the number of weekdays, based on a comma-separated list of "days off". Original, crashing:
=NETWORKDAYS($B$22,$D$22)-SUM(IFERROR(--(WEEKDAY(DATE(YEAR($B$22),MONTH($B$22),MID($F$22,IFERROR(FIND( CHAR(150),SUBSTITUTE($F$22,",",CHAR(150),ROW(1:31)-1))+1,1),IFERROR(FIND(CHAR(150),SUBSTITUTE($F$22,",",CHAR(150),ROW(1:31))),FIND(" = ",$F$22,1))-IFERROR(FIND(CHAR(150),SUBSTITUTE($F$22,",",CHAR(150),ROW(1:31)-1))+1,1))),2)
I'm using "Evaluate" for the first time. For some reason it's not working and the macro jumps to the end. Can you look at my code and the attached file and tell me if I am using the term incorrectly? The macro is Sub ColNWShears() in Module-1.
The values currently in Col-N are the results I am writing the code to put there.
Sub ColNWShears()
' ColN Macro
' 12/23/2010 by Brad Hudiburg
Dim X, y, z, yRow, y2
' Sheets("SWSel").Select
 Range("N3").Select '3
On Error GoTo EndIt
 X = ActiveCell.Address
 z = ActiveCell.Row
 ActiveCell.Offset(0, -1).Range("A1").Select
 'if blank cell go down col to next value
 If ActiveCell.Value = "" Then
 y = ActiveCell.Value
 yRow = ActiveCell.Row
 y2 = Range(Cells(yRow, 2).Address).Value
 MsgBox "y=" & y & "y2=" & y2 & ", yRow=" & yRow
' y = ActiveCell.Value
 End If
 'go to new row if skipping over nonused SWs
 'if r[z]c[-12]: left of "-" = rc[-12] then cont to return to x
 'else Range(x).Select and ActiveCell.Offset(1, 0).Range("A1").Select
' X2 = 1
 'X2 = Evaluate("IF(LEFT(RC[-12],FIND(CHAR(1),SUBSTITUTE(R" & yRow & "C[-12],""-"",CHAR(1),1))-1)=" & y2 & ",1,2)")
 'IF(ISERROR(LEFT(B3,FIND(CHAR(1),SUBSTITUTE(B3,"-",CHAR(1),1))-1)),"", LEFT(B3,FIND(CHAR(1),SUBSTITUTE(B3,"-",CHAR(1),1))-1) )
 MsgBox "x2=" & X2
 'MsgBox "x2=" & X2
 If X2 = 1 Then
 MsgBox X2
 ActiveCell.FormulaR1C1 = "=rc[-7]*" & y
 MsgBox X2
 ActiveCell.FormulaR1C1 = ""
 End If
 'add if activecell.row < row(for y)-1 then add eqn again
 If ActiveCell.Value = "end" Then
 GoTo EndIt 'End
 End If
 GoTo Start
'MsgBox ActiveCell.Row
'MsgBox "ActiveCell.Value, y=" & y
End Sub
I have a list of outbound postcodes, some which are 2 char length (eg B1), some 3 (eg BA1 or G13) char, and some 4 char (eg LE16).
I need to update the list so that all entries are 4 char length, but the spaces need to be added in teh middle of the string, for example:
B1 becomes B 1 "space""space"
BA1 becomes BA 1 "space"
G13 becomes G 13 "space"
LE16 stays as LE16
Does anyone have any pearls of wisdom which formula would add the spaces in teh appropriate locations?
Many thanks
Using VBA, what is the best method to find the text string in cell a1 untill the first space?
for example A1 contains
/M50 920116
I like this to become /M50
the lenght of the string is variable
that character can be found by
=CODE(MID(A1,6,1)) in your example, where A1 contains "1029 · etc" -
(it's char(183). Then you can use LEFT(A8,FIND(CHAR(183),A8)-1)
if A8 has the text wanted.
Bob Umlas
Excel MVP
"Dennis" wrote:
> Using 2003
> Would like to use a mid() to obtain all information in the text string (a
> cell) up to the space before the "·" in (1029 · Money Market Acccount)
> Therefore, in this case my formula would return "1029"
> In another case my text is (1029-25 · Money Market Acccount)
> In turn, my desired text would be "1029-25"
> What combination of Find() or Mid() or what ever do I use to do the task?
> Initially, I must ascertain how to obtain the chr() value of
> the "·" character? No?
> Dennis
hi...can anyone help me with this zip-code formatting logic?
For US: The valid format is NNNNN-NNNN
- When US Zip Code length without '-' or'' is >5 and < 9 char then use
first 5 positions
- When Us Zip Code length is <5 chars then move space.
- When US Zip code is having alphabet, invalid and blank then move space
- When US zip code is having 9 char width then pass 5-4 format (99999-9999)
- When US Zip Code length without '-' or'' is >9 then use first 9 char.
- When Zip is empty or not valid, move '00000' to SAP
For CANADA: The valid format is CNC NCN
- When zip code length is >7 char, move first 7 char
- When zip code length is <7 char, move space
- When zip code is blank and invalid then move space.
- When Zip is empty or not valid, move 'A0A 0A0' to SAP
For London (county code GB):
- zip code must not exceed 9 characters (<=9 char). If >9 char then, move
first 9 char.)
- When Zip is empty or not valid, move '000000000' to SAP
For Other countries:
- Pass as


text:
Egyptian Public Authority for Shore Protection
-Creating the general plan for the EPADP.
-Designing and executing the surface drainage network.
-Designing and executing the sub-surface drainage network
-Designing and executing the drainage pump stations.
-Factorizing of pipes required for sub-surface drainage.
-Maintenance of surface drainage network.
-Maintenance of sub-surface drainage network.
- Widening and deepening surface drainage in 6.9 million feddans.
- Extending sub-surface drainage in 4.8 million feddans.
- Rehabilitation of old sub-surface field drainage in 437,00 feddans
- Widening and deepening surface drainage in 300,000 feddans.
- Extending subsurface drainage in 1.6 million feddans.
- Rehabilitation of old sub-surface field drainage in 2 million feddans
The EPADP consists of the following central departments:
- Drainage Central Departments: East Delta, Middle Delta, West Delta, Middle Egypt and Upper Egypt.
- Field Investigation and Design Central Department.
- Financial and Administrative Affairs Central Department.