The Dorset Wildlife Trust in the United Kingdom announced that seahorses have once again been sighted off the coast of Dorset, suggesting that they are indeed alive and breeding contrary to what was initially believed that the sea creatures were already in decline.
Julie Hatcher, a member of the wildlife trust, spotted a female and male seahorse during a recent dive, describing the two sea creatures as large and in good condition.
Studland Bay is considered to be a vital habitat for both short-snouted spiny seahorses.
In 2008, both seahorse species were listed as threatened according to the Wildlife and Countryside Act.
A representative of the Dorset Wildlife Trust said that there was not enough information available that could help explain the lack of seahorse sightings in the seagrass meadows of Studland Bay in recent years.
The wildlife trust representative said that this could have been caused by the lack of people surveying for the sea creatures, or that the population of seahorses follow a cycle of boom and bust.
The Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs (Defra) has removed Studland Bay as a potential candidate to be included in the list of Marine Conservation Zones earlier this year.
In 2014, wildlife conservationists in the UK warned that the number of spiny seahorses spotted off the coast of Dorset has dwindled to just a single seahorse from what was once considered a thriving colony.
From the 40 individual seahorses previously observed by campaigners around Studland Bay back in 2008, the number has significantly dropped to only four seahorses in 2013.
Seahorse Trust director Neil Garrick-Maidment said that the isolated sighting of the sea creature was very sad and called the situation as the decline of a marine species.
Natural England, a non-departmental body of the British government responsible for the protection of the country's natural environment, said that it was difficult place the recent sighting of the spiny seahorse in context.
The meadows of seagrass located in Studland Bay have long served as the breeding ground for the protected spiny seahorse, which are known to grow to around eight inches in length.
The sighting of the lone seahorse was made by documentary film maker Andy Jackson.
Photo: Tim Sheerman-Chase | Flickr
ⓒ 2021 All rights reserved. Do not reproduce without permission.


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text:
Does Apollo Currency depend on Bitcoin? According to the correlation analysis, BTC and APL have a very strong positive relationship. The correlation coefficient of their values is 0.71, which was measured based on the last 100-days' price fluctuations of both currencies.
This coefficient may vary from -1 to 1, where -1 is the strongest negative correlation, 0 is no correlation at all and 1 is the strongest positive correlation.
The negative coefficient indicates that the prices of the coins are moving in the reversed direction while the positive coefficient indicates that the prices are moving in the identical direction. For example, if Bitcoin and Apollo Currency connection is positively strong, it means that when BTC is growing APL will rise as well. The negative strong relation will show that when BTC is rising APL price will be in contrary lowering.
The knowledge of the correlation coefficient helps to determine in percentage the influence of Bitcoin over Apollo Currency. If we take all the factors affecting the price of APL as 100%, then the share of BTC price among these factors will be 50.41%. The other part which is 49.59% covers all the other aspects, such as news, events or crypto related laws.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


Multilingual Demographic Dictionary, second unified edition, English volume
Multilingual Demographic Dictionary, second unified edition, English vol.
Jump to: navigation, search
Farmer (FARMER)
Special classifications apply in agriculture. Farmers 1 or farm operators 1 are those who farm the land for profit; among them we distinguish between farm-owners 2, who own their land, tenant farmers 3, who rent it from a landlord, and share-croppers 3, who give a portion of the crop in return for the use of land and livestock. Agricultural laborers 4 are persons working who are employed by farmers.
 - 2. A farm manager who is salaried is generally classed as a farmer.
 - 3. In Scotland a small farmer is sometimes called a crofter. A farmer with a very small farm is also known as a smallholder.
 - 4. Agricultural laborers are of three general types: fulltime agricultural laborers, day agricultural laborers, and seasonal agricultural laborers. This last category often consists of migrant laborers.


Spela Goricki
Spela Goricki
Jan 15, 2017
Group 6 Copy 68
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 About This Project
 Estimating and monitoring population sizes of rare and endangered cave animals is a daunting task, mainly because it is extremely difficult and dangerous for humans to penetrate their environment and come face to face with them. To circumvent this problem, I will explore the potential of DNA suspended in groundwater to make inferences about population sizes of an aquatic cave species, the olm Proteus, in different cave systems in south-eastern Europe.
 Blast off!
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Input and output formats
This section provides an overview of the input and output formats supported by DFTK, usually via integration with a third-party library.
Reading input formats supported by ASE
ASE is short for the atomistic simulation environment, a Python package to simplify the process of setting up, running and analysing results from atomistic simulations across different programs. If it is installed it is automatically used by DFTK in order to read a wide range of input files, such as xyz, CIF, input files of various other codes (e.g. Quantum Espresso, VASP, ABINIT, CASTEP,...). The full list of formats can be found in the ASE IO documentation.
As an example we start the calculation of a simple antiferromagnetic iron crystal using a Quantum-Espresso input file, Fe_afm.pwi. From this file the lattice, atomic positions and the initial magnetisation are read. For more details about calculations on magnetic systems using collinear spin, see Collinear spin and magnetic systems.
First we parse the Quantum Espresso input file to DFTK datastructures:
using DFTK
qe_input = "Fe_afm.pwi"
atoms = load_atoms(qe_input)
lattice = load_lattice(qe_input)
magnetic_moments = load_magnetic_moments(qe_input)
1-element Vector{Pair{ElementCoulomb, Vector{Float64}}}:
 ElementCoulomb(26, :Fe) => [-9.6, -9.6]
At this point a file of any format supported by ASE could be passed instead, e.g. an xyz file or an ABINIT input file. Behind the scenes ASE takes care to select the right parser and extract the required structural information.
Next we attach the pseudopotential information, since this information is currently not exposed inside the ASE datastructures. See Creating slabs with ASE for more details.
atoms = [ElementPsp(el.symbol, psp=load_psp(el.symbol, functional="pbe")) => position
 for (el, position) in atoms];
Finally we run the calculation.
model = model_LDA(lattice, atoms, magnetic_moments=magnetic_moments, temperature=0.01)
basis = PlaneWaveBasis(model, 10; kgrid=(2, 2, 2))
ρ0 = guess_density(basis, magnetic_moments)
scfres = self_consistent_field(basis, tol=1e-4, ρ=ρ0, mixing=KerkerMixing());
n Free energy Eₙ-Eₙ₋₁ ρout-ρin Magnet Diag
 1 -223._PHONE_ NaN 9.50e+00 -1.613 4.5
 2 -224._PHONE_ -2.20e-01 1.95e+00 -0.437 1.5
 3 -224._PHONE_ -3.27e-02 5.13e-02 -0.104 3.0
 4 -224._PHONE_ -5.98e-04 1.26e-02 -0.038 2.0
 5 -224._PHONE_ -4.54e-05 2.98e-03 -0.007 1.0
DFTK also supports using ASE to setup a calculation and provides two-way conversion routines between key DFTK and ASE datastructures. See Creating slabs with ASE for details.
Writing VTK files for visualization
For visualizing the density or the Kohn-Sham orbitals DFTK supports storing the result of an SCF calculations in the form of VTK files. These can afterwards be visualized using tools such as paraview. Using this feature requires the WriteVTK.jl Julia package.
using WriteVTK
save_scfres("iron_afm.vts", scfres; save_ψ=true);
This will save the iron calculation above into the file iron_afm.vts, using save_ψ=true to also include the KS orbitals.
Writing and reading JLD2 files
The full state of a DFTK self-consistent field calculation can be stored on disk in form of an JLD2.jl file. This file can be read from other Julia scripts as well as other external codes supporting the HDF5 file format (since the JLD2 format is based on HDF5).
using JLD2
save_scfres("iron_afm.jld2", scfres);
Since such JLD2 can also be read by DFTK to start or continue a calculation, these can also be used for checkpointing or for transferring results to a different computer. See Saving SCF results on disk and SCF checkpoints for details.
(Cleanup files generated by this notebook)


This HowTo explains how it is easily possible to tune attribute or command polling parameters in the code of a Tango class
Since Tango 8, it is possible to configure command or attribute polling within a Tango class code. A new set of polling related methods has been added to the base class Tango::DeviceImpl. These methods are similar to those you find in the Tango::DeviceProxy class when you write a Tango client. With them, you can
 - Check if a command or attribute is polled
 - Start/Stop polling for a command or a attribute
 - Get or update polling period for a polled attribute or command
In C++
To display some information related to polling of the attribute named TheAtt:
string att_name("TheAtt");
cout << "Attribute " << att_name;
if (is_attribute_polled(att_name) == true)
 cout << " is polled with period " << get_attribute_poll_period(att_name) << " mS" << endl;
else
 cout << " is not polled" << endl;
To poll a command simply type:
poll_command("TheCmd",250);
 If the command is already polled, this method will update its polling period to 250 mS. Finally, to stop polling the same command, type:
stop_poll_command("TheCmd");
All these DeviceImpl polling related methods are documented in the DeviceImpl class documentation page
In Python
To display some information related to polling of the attribute named TheAtt, in a DeviceImpl context type:
att_name = "TheAtt"
if self.is_attribute_polled(att_name):
 print("{0} is polled with period {1} ms".format(att_name, self.get_attribute_poll_period(att_name))
else:
 print("{0} is not polled".format(att_name))
To poll a command, in a DeviceImpl context, simply type:
self.poll_command("TheCmd", 250)
 If the command is already polled, this method will update its polling period to 250 mS. Finally, to stop polling the same command, in a DeviceImpl context type:
self.stop_poll_command("TheCmd")
All these DeviceImpl polling related methods are documented in the PyTango DeviceImpl class documentation page.
In Java
The polling can be retrieved and modified from the DeviceManager class. Here is an example:
import org.tango.server.annotation.Device;
import org.tango.server.annotation.DeviceManagement;
import org.tango.server.device.DeviceManager;
import fr.esrf.Tango.DevFailed;
@Device
public class Test {
 @DeviceManagement
 private DeviceManager deviceManager;
 ...
 final String attName = "TheAttr";
 if (deviceManager.isPolled(attName)) {
 System.out.println(attName + " is polled with period " + deviceManager.getPollingPeriod(attName) + " mS");
 } else {
 System.out.println(attName + " is not polled");
 }
 deviceManager.startPolling("TheCmd", 250);
 deviceManager.stopPolling("TheCmd")
 ...

 public void setDeviceManager(final DeviceManager deviceManager) {
 this.deviceManager = deviceManager;
 }
}


Version: 2019.4
Plugin Inspector
Native plug-ins
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Managed plug-ins
Managed plug-insA set of code created outside of Unity that creates functionality in Unity. There are two kinds of plug-ins you can use in Unity: Managed plug-ins (managed .NET assemblies created with tools like Visual Studio) and Native plug-ins (platform-specific native code libraries). More info
See in Glossary
are managed .NET assemblies that you create with tools like Visual Studio. They contain only .NET code which means that they can't access any features that .NET libraries do not support. However, the standard .NET tools that Unity uses to compile scriptsA piece of code that allows you to create your own Components, trigger game events, modify Component properties over time and respond to user input in any way you like. More info
See in Glossary
can access the managed code. Therefore, there isn't a lot of difference in usage between managed plug-inA managed .NET assembly that is created with tools like Visual Studio for use in Unity. More info
See in Glossary
code and Unity script code, except that plug-ins are compiled outside of Unity and so the source might not be available.
Usually, Unity keeps scripts in a Project as source files and compiles them whenever the source changes. However, you can use an external compiler to compile a script to a dynamically linked library (DLL). You can then add the .dll file to the Project and attach the classes it contains to GameObjectsThe fundamental object in Unity scenes, which can represent characters, props, scenery, cameras, waypoints, and more. A GameObject's functionality is defined by the Components attached to it. More info
See in Glossary
just like normal scripts. A compiled DLL is known as a managed plug-in in Unity.
It's generally much easier to work with scripts than DLLs in Unity. However, you might want to use compilers in your code that Unity doesn't support, or add third party Mono code in a .dll file, or you might want to supply Unity code without the source. Creating and adding a .dll file to your Unity Project is the easiest way to get around these limitations.
Creating a managed plug-in
To create a managed plug-in, you need to create a DLL, which you need a suitable compiler for. Not all compilers that produce .NET code are guaranteed to work with Unity, so you should test the compiler with some available code before doing significant work with it. If the DLL contains no code that depends on the Unity API then you can use the appropriate compiler options to compile it to a .dll file.
If you do want to use the Unity API then you need to make Unity's own DLLs available to the compiler. On macOS, the DLLs are contained in the application bundle. To see them, find the Unity.app file on your computer (Applications/Unity/Hub/Editor/[Version Number]/Unity.app) and then right click on Unity.app and select Show Package Contents.
On macOS the path to the Unity DLLs are:
/Applications/Unity/Unity.app/Contents/Managed/UnityEngine
On Windows the path to the Unity DLLs are:
C:\Program Files\Unity\Editor\Data\Managed\UnityEngine
The UnityEngine folder contains the .dll files for a number of modules that you can reference to get to the specific namespace you require. Additionally, some namepsaces require a reference to a compiled library from a Unity Project (for instance, UnityEngine.UI), which is located in the project folder's directory:
~\Library\ScriptAssemblies
The exact options for compiling the DLL will vary depending on the compiler you use. As an example, the command line for the Mono C# compiler, mcs, might look like this on macOS:
__mcs__The Mono C# compiler file format. [More info](PlatformDependentCompilation.html)See in [Glossary](Glossary.html#mcs) -r:/Applications/Unity/Unity.app/Contents/Managed/UnityEngine/UnityEngine.UIModule.dll -target:library ClassesForDLL.cs
In this example,, the -r option specifies a path to a library to include in the build; in this case the UnityEngine.UIModule library. The -target option specifies which type of build is required; the word "library" is signifies a DLL build. Finally, the name of the source file to compile is ClassesForDLL.cs. The compiler assumes that this file is in the current working folder, but you can use a full path to specify the file if necessary. The resulting .dll file appears in the same folder as the source file.
Using the managed plug-in
Once you've compiled the DLL, you can drag the .dll file into the Unity Project like any other Asset. The managed plug-in has a foldout triangle which you can use to reveal the separate classes inside the library. You can drag classes that derive from MonoBehaviour onto Game Objects like ordinary scripts. You can use non-MonoBehaviour classes directly from other scripts in the usual way.
A folded-out DLL with the classes visible
A folded-out DLL with the classes visible
Step by step guide for Visual Studio
This section explains how to build and integrate a simple DLL example with Visual Studio, and also how to prepare a debugging session for the DLL.
Setting Up the Project
Open Visual Studio and create a new project. Select File > New > Project and then choose Visual C# > Class Library.
Complete the following information for the new library:
 - Name is the namespace (for this example use DLLTest as the name).
 - Location is the parent folder of the project.
 - Solution name is the folder of the project.
Next, add references to the Unity DLLs. In Visual Studio, open the contextual menu for References in the Solution Explorer and select Add Reference. Then, select Browse > Select File.
At this stage, select the required .dll file, located in the UnityEngine folder.
Code
For this example, rename the class to MyUtilities in the Solution browser and replace its code with the following:
using System;
using UnityEngine;
namespace DLLTest {
 public class MyUtilities {

 public int c;
 public void AddValues(int a, int b) {
 c = a + b;
 }

 public static int GenerateRandom(int min, int max) {
 System.Random rand = new System.Random();
 return rand.Next(min, max);
 }
 }
}
With the code in place, build the project to generate the DLL file along with its debug symbols.
Using the DLL in Unity
Create a new Project in Unity and copy the built file <project folder>/bin/Debug/DLLTest.dll into the Assets folder. Then, create a C# script called Test in Assets, and replace its contents with the following code:
using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;
using DLLTest;
public class Test : MonoBehaviour {
 void Start () {
 MyUtilities utils = new MyUtilities();
 utils.AddValues(2, 3);
 print("2 + 3 = " + utils.c);
 }

 void Update () {
 print(MyUtilities.GenerateRandom(0, 100));
 }
}
Attach this script to a GameObject in the SceneA Scene contains the environments and menus of your game. Think of each unique Scene file as a unique level. In each Scene, you place your environments, obstacles, and decorations, essentially designing and building your game in pieces. More info
See in Glossary
and press Play, and Unity displays the output of the code from the DLL in the Console windowA Unity Editor window that shows errors, warnings and other messages generated by Unity, or your own scripts. More info
See in Glossary
.
Compiling 'unsafe' C# code
To enable support for compiling unsafe C# code go to Edit > Project SettingsA broad collection of settings which allow you to configure how Physics, Audio, Networking, Graphics, Input and many other areas of your project behave. More info
See in Glossary
> Player. Expand the Other Settings panel and enable the Allow Unsafe Code checkbox.
Plugin Inspector
Native plug-ins


text: Caseous lymphadenitis was experimentally induced in goats by inoculating 1 x 10(6) Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis by 3 routes: subcutaneous, intradermal, and submucosal. The incubation period for the development of abscesses in the present study ranged from 41 to 147 days, the average being 95.2 days. The shedding period for C pseudotuberculosis from opened abscesses ranged from 9 to 37 days, with an average of 20.3 days. The infection spread to mediastinal lymph nodes in 1 goat and to lumbar lymph nodes in 5 goats. None of the goats had abscesses in the mesenteric lymph nodes. Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis was recovered from all the abscessed lymph nodes but not from the feces or nasal secretions.


RTC Build Traceability with UrbanCode Deploy
There have been great developments in the past 12 months or so to improve the traceability between builds managed by RTC and UrbanCode Deploy.
 1. RTC build definitions now have built-in support for post-build deployment steps. If you use the Jazz Build Engine as your build engine, you can specify connection information and component information in the build definition itself to allow the build process to push a new version of the build result into a new component version. This is great and makes it simple and easy to accomplish getting your builds to the deployment engine. See Freddy's blog entry from about a year ago on this very topic for more details. There are of course some limitations to this feature. It assumes you want to push your build result into a single UrbanCode Deploy component. This is fairly unrealistic in that most applications of even modest complexity will most likely have more than one component in their application. If you build each component individually, then you are all set. However, if you have a single build file for the entire application (or for more than one component), this feature won't cut it. To solve this, you can always use the old tried and true method of adding ANT tasks to your build.xml to create a new component version and push the contents into that version.
 From a forward traceability perspective, RTC build results records also have links that you can add. A common practice is to create a link to the UrbanCode Deploy component that gets created.
 2. UrbanCode Deploy also has a feature that allows you to create links associated with component versions. These links can be URLs to anything you want, but the best use of this feature is to provide a link back to the build entries that produced the component version. In the case of RTC, a simple link to the build result record gives you that backward traceability. If you use another build engine like Jenkins, for example, you can also create another link that points back to the Jenkins job that produced the build.11-20-2014 12-03-08 PM
 And there are REST and command line API calls that allow you go GET and PUT links. This makes the creation of the link something you can do as part of the build step of pushing a new component version to UrbanCode Deploy.
So both RTC and UrbanCode Deploy have the ability to create and maintain links to and from build result records and component versions. But let's examine a bit closer how these links can be used to enhance the visibility of code as it walks down the release pipeline.
But first a quick aside. RTC has the concept of baselines and UrbanCode Deploy has the concept of snapshots. At some point in time someone needs to lay out some strategies on how these two concepts can be used together. The concept of a baseline in RTC collects together all of the code versions of all the files in all the selected components (RTC component here) into a single entity. This make sense to do at build time. At the same time, UrbanCode Deploy has the concept of a snapshot that essentially does the same thing but at a build output level. There may be additional components in a snapshot that don't have a corresponding build equivalent, but marrying the two concepts is something I hope the Rational development teams consider. Being able to build all components of an app, take an RTC snapshot of the code that corresponds to that build, push all the components into UrbanCode deploy as new component versions, and create a snapshot of the application with the new component versions seems like a logical thing to do. I am sure there are many scenarios where this simple case breaks down, but the concept is solid. Adding links to more element types in UrbanCode deploy will help make this a reality.
OK, now back to our story. We have the bi-directional traceability between RTC build results and component versions via links on either side. But as the components get deployed to new environments as they move down the release pipeline, there is no indication of that movement in the RTC build record. How can we make this happen? Let's build a plug-in.
The concept of the plugin is that each time a component version gets deployed to a new environment, let's put some type of indication in the build result record to indicate that it has been deployed to environment X. This way anyone observing the build result record will know how far into the release pipeline, if at all, the build output has made it. The easiest way to do this is to use the tag field of the build result record. Tags can be anything so let's add some tags to indicate deployment to environments.
In order to do this programmatically, we need to take advantage of the RTC Java API. For any release of RTC, you can get a zip file of the Java API jars that can be used to write java programs that manipulate RTC elements. There were a few jazz.net articles here and here that I used to help come up with the code I wrote. I also made the plug-in step that adds the tag a two step java plug-in (the plug-in calls a java program that then collects properties and then spawns another java process to do the work). This was for a specific reason. The code that does the work needs the RTC Java API jar files in its classpath. For the latest release of RTC, there are about 100 jar files that make up the classpath list. I didn't want to include that entire set in the plug-in. Therefore, I ask the user to provide a path to the directory that holds these jar files. I then spawn a second java process that includes this directory in its classpath. This also keeps the plug-in RTC version-independent as long as the Java API for builds doesn't change that much and it puts the onus on the user to get those jars.
So I created a plug-in step that adds a tag to the list of tags of an RTC build result record. The information needed for this step is relatively small: the RTC URL, a username and password, and the UUID of the build result record, and the tag to add. The java for this took a bit of time but again using existing examples made things much easier.
The other step in the plug-in that I created was getting the RTC build result ID from the component version link. The URL to an RTC build result looks something like this:
The id fragment at the end is the UUID of the build result record. So the plugin step needs to get the link from the component version, then parse that link to get the build record UUID, and then create an output property to hold that value so that the previously mentioned java step can use it. There is a REST API call that can be used to get the link from a component version. Groovy can then be used easily to parse the full URL and retrieve the id.
So here is a working example. I envision that at the end of a component deployment process you would add these two steps to update the build result record.
11-20-2014 2-10-24 PM
Here is the details for the first step, GetBuildId. It takes the parameters mentioned above. Using component name and version name properties makes this step dynamic. The link name comes from the process of creating the link through an ANT task when building the component. And the output property is simply whatever you want to call it.
11-20-2014 2-12-32 PM
Here are the properties for the second step. The RTC parameters are self explanatory. The build result record UUID is the property that is set by the previous step. And the Java API location is where the user has unzipped the RTC Java API files on the agent server. The tag value also uses the current environment name property so that this step works for any environment.
11-20-2014 2-15-43 PM
Both of these steps work in my environment without a hitch. If you are interested in trying it out, you can get the plug-in source code here in this IBM DevOps Services project. Let me know how it goes.
2 thoughts on "RTC Build Traceability with UrbanCode Deploy
 1. HI Darrell,
 I found this blog very interesting. I have a related question. Have you ever used the RTC Work Items plugins that ships with UCD? I am wondering how you get the work item ID into the steps included in this plugin. Is it a manual thing? Or is there a way to pass the work item id as part of the post-build deploy? I thought I could use build properties to set a component version property, but the former are immutable.
 Thanks for you thoughs.
 - Vincent,
 Yes, the RTC plug-in expects a work item ID in the property. How you get it there is up to you. You can manually enter it but that isn't practical. Or you could use the very same process that I am using here with a component version link. As part of the build process, you can add a link to your RTC work item via the command line method. Then use the exact same process I am using to retrieve the ID from the link create a step property out of the ID and then pass it to the RTC work item plug-in step the same way I am passing it to my custom step.
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text:
Still time to get to European design and verification conference
Next week's DVCon Europe, to be held in Munich on 14 and 15 October, is nearly upon us. We've already had a look at some of the program: here are links to more details.
Day one (Tuesday 14 October) hosts 14 tutorials or meetings on the following topics:
- European SystemC user group meeting
- Advanced Universal Verification Methodology (UVM)
- An Introduction to using Event-B for cyber-physical system specification and design
- Enabling energy aware system level design with UPF-based system-level power models
- Virtual prototyping using SystemC TLM-2.0
- Requirements-driven verification methodology for standards compliance
- Easier UVM – making verification methodology more productive
- The How To's of metric driven verification to maximize verification productivity
- Creating portable tests with a graph-based test specification
- Attack your SoC power challenges with virtual prototyping
- Algorithm verification with open source and SystemVerilog
- Revolutionary debug techniques to improve verification productivity
- Architecting your UVM testbench for simulation/ acceleration reuse to enable block to system verification productivity
- Extending proven digital verification techniques for mixed-signal SoCs with VCS AMS
Day two (Wednesday 15 October) starts with a keynote from Bernd Adler, wireless CTO and division vice president of Intel Mobile Communications, entitled "Tomorrow's Smart Mobile Systems – by the Power of Ten."
The technical program that follows covers presentations and a poster session in the following areas:
- Analog/mixed-signal design and verification
- Advanced verification
- IP reuse & design automation
- System level design & verification
- Low power methodologies
- Verification management
DVCon Europe also hosts an exhibition, and plenty of opportunities to network with fellow engineers, EDA tool company representatives, training institutes and service providers.
Registration is still open here.
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text:
- By Critical Effect or
- By Toxicity Value
- By Human Carcinogenicity
- By Keyword, Substance, or CASRN
Search by Uncertainty or Modifying Factor
- Search Tips
- Search Scope:
The search by Uncertainty or modifying factor allows you to search for composite uncertainty factor values, individual uncertainty factor values, and modifying factor values used to derive RfDs and RfCs. The search will retrieve a list of substances with uncertainty or modifying factors that fall within the specified range.
* Uncertainty factors other than the five standard uncertainty factors listed in the IRIS glossary are not routinely applied in IRIS assessments. Results of a search on other uncertainty factors will reflect only those exceptional circumstances where it was determined that the uncertainty associated with an RfD or RfC could not be adequately categorized by one of the standard UFs.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Service: Grid stitching joins separate datasets without creating artifacts
Grid stitching and merging service post image
OUR technique of rapidly and automatedly stitching and merging large gridded datasets permits the almost seamless joining of grid boundaries, even those that, with other techniques, are proving problematic. A case study shows how.
Having one continuous compilation of geophysical data over an exploration area of interest is much more practical than having that data divided across many separate chunks.
One example of the elegance of a single, stitched mosaic map is Geoscience Australia's magnetic anomaly map of Australia, the latest edition of which was released a few months ago. [1] The map represents the merging of 795 separate grids, according to GA. [2]
The grid-stitching methods currently available commercially typically employ polynomial corrections.
An arguable drawback to using polynomials to join grids is the rebound effect. If one part of a grid is forced downward to match part of another grid, then there'll be a popping up elsewhere on the first grid. The effect is similar to pushing down on one area of a stiff but flexible plastic slab, such as a plastic kitchen cutting-board — there'll be an upward movement propagating along another part of the slab. It means unwanted regional trends are introduced into the merged grid.
Difference grids
Rather than using polynomials, Fathom Geophysics' grid-stitching method uses difference grids.
Our fine-tunable technique allows us to locally reshape the boundary of a lower-resolution (or a less certain) grid to precisely conform to a higher-resolution (or a more certain) grid.
If it's warranted, we can make both grids' boundaries move. The boundaries could share equally in movement required to make the join, or that movement could be shared unequally.
When difference grids are used, the grid boundaries you elect to reshape behave more like malleable clay than a flexible slab unit. It means the boundary's movement is localized, with none of the undesirable rebound effect occurring.
The method leaves high-frequency data largely intact, unlike most alternative methods. It does tend to alter low-frequency (long-wavelength) features, but this is not a significant issue for explorers wanting to examine small-scale features in the data.
When grids don't overlap
Note that if the two initial grids only meet side-by-side instead of overlapping, then our typical procedure is to extend the grids by extrapolating out from the boundaries to be joined, before undertaking a difference grid.
We extrapolate values using an in-house grid-filling algorithm. (See more details about our grid-filling and extension service.)
And if there is a gap between the two initial grids, we use grid-filling to interpolate values between the data. Our rule of thumb is that the gap should be no wider than a few pixels.
Whenever any extrapolation or interpolation is done as part of grid-stitching, we can supply a polygon layer that identifies the grid values generated by grid-filling, as distinct from the original grid data.
Performs well under pressure
We've tended to obtain good results when using our grid-stitching technique in situations where a satisfactory join has been difficult or impossible to achieve with another stitching technique.
Some might argue that if two grids don't merge nicely in a straightfoward way upon the first few attempts, then perhaps they shouldn't be merged. We agree with this conservative rule of thumb. The risk of falling prey to the rubbish-in-rubbish-out phenomenon is ever-present, especially when intensive, high-volume calculations are involved. One needs to remain vigilant.
However, sometimes explorers are forced to take on board all or most of the exploration data they can lay their hands on, including data acquired in surveys quite some time ago. This is typically true in frontier greenfields exploration areas where geological mapping is relatively scarce. This is also true of places where the cost of a repeat survey may be prohibitive — such as in remote areas, or difficult terrains, or harsh climates.
As always, whenever older or more uncertain datasets are retained rather than binned, the information they contain should be taken with a grain of salt. Ideally, metadata should be made available to define which datapoints in the merged mosaic are likely to be less reliable and why.
Case study: West Kenya
We found our grid-stitching method worked well on Aviva Corporation Limited datasets.** The grids contain airborne magnetic data for part of Aviva's West Kenya joint-venture project area. The data values represent total magnetic intensity (TMI).
An overview image of the case study area shows the difference between the collection of joins attained with our method and with an alternative method (see Figure 1, top left and top right).
Note that the images obtained via the alternative method have had a Butterworth smoothing filter applied across them, to subdue the large suture-site discontinuities as much as possible. We did not apply a Butterworth filter to the images obtained via our method, so that readers can identify our subtle suture sites. We have the capability to remove our suturing traces by applying local, oriented Butterworth filters. The ability to do this style of Butterworth filtering — in a direction-specific manner over small areas of an image — may be currently unique to Fathom Geophysics.
One segment of the joined boundaries runs in a roughly north-south direction in the west. Here, we experienced difficulties when trying to obtain a satisfactory join using commercially available software. The result we finally achieved there, despite our best efforts, still included a prominent stepwise fault-like artifact in the magnetic signature at the suture site. No such artificial fault was introduced at all when using our stitching method (see Figure 1, middle left and middle right).
Once grids have been stitched together, usually the next step in geophysical data processing is reduction to the pole (RTP). The procedure recalculates data so that it appears to have been measured at the earth's magnetic pole. (For a more detailed explanation of RTPing, see the previous ezine article we released on our differential RTP capabilities.)
The case study area, being located essentially on the earth's geographic equator, has a low magnetic inclination. When low-inclination data are RTPed, magnetic lows in the raw TMI data are transformed into magnetic highs.
It's after the RTP process has been carried out that a poor grid stitch can have a significant effect on magnetic data interpretation.
For example, in our case study area, the joined boundary segment running roughly east-to-west behaves very differently upon RTPing according to the grid-stitching method used.
When an alternative stitching method is used, the whole east-west suture area becomes a large, long-wavelength high (see Figure 1, bottom right). The (incorrect) implication of this high is that a large magnetic body exists beneath the surface. No such spurious high was introduced at all when using our stitching method (see Figure 1, bottom left).
Minimizing the number and size of artefacts introduced via grid-stitching is the logical goal to strive for and may help in avoiding wild goose chases during the exploration targeting phase.
Note that grid-stitching can be used to join other types of potential field datasets (such as gravity data). The method also applies to remotely sensed datasets (such as radiometric data and ASTER data) and geographic datasets (such as topography and bathymetry data).
** Acknowledgement: Fathom Geophysics thanks Glen Edwards, Aviva Corporation Ltd, for permission to discuss the company's West Kenya project and to use images of the project in this case study.
References
[1] Geoscience Australia (2010) Magnetic Anomaly Map of Australia, 5th edition, 1:5 million, Government of Australia, _URL_ (redirects to the Geophysical Archive Data Delivery System webpage).
[2] P. Milligan (September 2010) "New magnetic datasets to identify energy, geothermal and mineral resources", AusGeo News, 99, _URL_.
Data stitching and merging service figure 1FIGURE 1: TOP LEFT: Results of the Fathom Geophysics grid stitching. TOP RIGHT: Results of an alternative method of grid stitching. MIDDLE LEFT: Detailed window showing results of the Fathom Geophysics grid stitching. MIDDLE RIGHT: Detailed window showing results of the alternative method of grid stitching. BOTTOM LEFT: Results of reduction to the pole using the Fathom Geophysics method of grid stitching. BOTTOM RIGHT: Results of reduction to the pole using the alternative method of grid stitching.


Tuesday, August 04, 2015
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Could you pass fourth-grade math?
June 18, 2011 at 1:18 a.m.
The following are problems from a 2008-09 fourth-grade math TAKS test.
 1. Alexis made 5 gallons of fruit juice. How many quarts of fruit juice did she make?
 2. On Monday, 36 people visited an art museum. On Tuesday, 15 fewer people visited the museum than on Monday. Each person paid $5 for admission. How much money was paid for admission to the museum on Tuesday?
 3. Charles walked for 45 minutes in the morning and for one hour and 20 minutes in the evening. What is the total amount of time Charles walked?
(Don't cheat
by scrolling below
for the answers
until you've completed
the test.
 1. 20 quarts
 2. $105
 3. Two hours and five minutes
Source: Texas Education Agency
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Distribution of anisoplia beetles on grain crops in the Russian Federation in 2013–2017
Keywords:Anisoplia, coefficient of settling, treatment, focal harmfulnes
Anisoplia species pose a serious danger to wheat, rye and barley in the Central, Southern, North-Caucasian, Volga, and Ural federal districts. This article analyses the results of monitoring of pests in 2013–2017. It can be concluded that the number is decreasing and, as a consequence, the coefficients of Anisoplia settling in the districts of the Russian Federation are reduced. This situation in the federal districts is caused by a complex of unfavorable weather conditions of the past seasons, as well as by the use of pesticides.


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Brand equity is the value of a brand. It is the difference between the price of a product with a certain brand and the price of a product without that brand. In other words, brand equity is the value that a consumer attaches to a product or service due to its association with a particular brand.
A brand with high equity is one that consumers perceive to be of high quality and/or is strongly associated with positive attributes. For example, a luxury brand like Hermes or Louis Vuitton has high brand equity because consumers perceive these brands to be of high quality and they are willing to pay a premium price for products with these brands. On the other hand, a brand like Kmart or Walmart has low brand equity because consumers perceive these brands to be of low quality and they are not willing to pay a premium price for products with these brands.
There are several factors that contribute to brand equity, including brand awareness, brand loyalty, and perceived quality.
Brand awareness is the extent to which consumers are familiar with a particular brand. A brand with high brand awareness is one that consumers are more likely to remember and recognize. Brand loyalty is the extent to which consumers are loyal to a particular brand. A brand with high brand loyalty is one that consumers are more likely to continue to purchase, even in the face of competition. Perceived quality is the extent to which consumers perceive a brand to be of high quality. A brand with high perceived quality is one that consumers are more likely to purchase and recommend to others.
There are several ways to measure brand equity. One common method is to conduct consumer surveys. This involves asking consumers questions about their awareness, loyalty, and perceptions of a brand. Another method is to track sales data. This involves looking at how changes in brand equity (as measured by surveys) relate to changes in sales.
Brand equity is an important concept for businesses to understand because it can have a significant impact on a company's bottom line. A brand with high brand equity is more likely to generate higher sales and profits. Therefore, businesses should focus on building strong brands that are associated with positive attributes in the minds of consumers.
A business can increase its brand equity in several ways, but some of the most important include:
Start at the foundation with brand identity. A strong, easily recognizable brand can help a business stand out from the competition and build awareness.
Communicate the meaning of your brand and its values. Customers should know what your brand stands for and what it represents.
Change the way customers think and feel about your brand. A positive customer experience can help create a more favorable impression of the brand.
Create a deeper bond with customers. Developing a strong relationship with customers can help create loyalty and repeat business.
Several consequences can come from having low brand equity. Perhaps the most obvious is that people may not be aware of the brand or its quality. This can have a direct impact on the company's growth, as potential customers may not bother to check out a brand that they don't know anything about.
Additionally, low brand equity can result in poor customer perceptions. Even if people are aware of the brand, they may not have a positive view of it if they don't perceive it to be high-quality. This can further damage the company's chances of success. In short, failing to develop strong brand equity can be a serious detriment to a company's chances of success.
When customers have positive brand equity toward a company, they are more likely to purchase its products and services. In turn, this results in higher profit margins per customer for the company. Brand equity allows companies to charge more for their products than their competitors, even though the product may have been purchased at the same cost. The direct impact of brand equity on sales volume is because customers gravitate towards products with a strong reputation.
Yes, brand equity can absolutely be negative. If the results of a brand equity analysis are negative, then it means that the tangible and intangible values associated with the brand are also negative. This can happen if consumers are willing to spend more on generic products than on branded products, indicating that the brand has negative brand equity.
There are a variety of methods that can be used to measure brand equity from a financial perspective. Some of the most common include examining prices relative to the competition, local store sales, average transaction value, customer lifetime value, and temporal growth.
One way to measure brand equity is to look at the prices that a company charges for its products or services relative to the competition. If a company is able to consistently charge higher prices than its competitors, it likely has strong brand equity. This is because customers are willing to pay more for a product or service that they perceive to be of higher quality or to have better value.
Another financial metric that can be used to measure brand equity is local store sales. This can be a useful metric for companies that have a brick-and-mortar presence. If a company is able to generate strong sales at its local stores, it likely has strong brand equity. This is because customers are willing to buy products or services from a company that they perceive to be of high quality.
Another metric that can be used to measure brand equity is average transaction value. This metric looks at the average amount of money that a customer spends when they make a purchase from a company. If a company has a high average transaction value, it likely has strong brand equity. This is because customers are willing to spend more money on a product or service that they perceive to be of high quality.
Another financial metric that can be used to measure brand equity is customer lifetime value. This metric looks at the total amount of money that a customer is expected to spend on a company's products or services over the course of their lifetime. If a company has a high customer lifetime value, it likely has strong brand equity. This is because customers are willing to continue doing business with a company that they perceive to be of high quality.
Finally, temporal growth can be used as a measure of brand equity. This metric looks at the rate at which a company's sales have grown over time. If a company has experienced strong temporal growth, it likely has strong brand equity. This is because customers are willing to buy products or services from a company that they perceive to be of high quality and that is growing at a rapid pace.
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On Thursday, April 19, 2007, the Russell Sage Foundation celebrated the 100th anniversary of its founding by Mrs. Margaret Olivia Sage in 1907. To mark the occasion, the Foundation held a day-long symposium focused on some of the principal issues that have concerned the Foundation over its long history—and which continue to engage RSF as it moves into its second century. A distinguished roster of social scientists discussed the plight of low-wage workers, the stratification of American society, immigration and diversity in the United States, and the role of social science in addressing these issues. The day concluded with the Foundation's Centennial Dinner, at which Ira Katznelson of Columbia University delivered the keynote address: "Boundaries and Borderlands: Reflections on Organized Social Knowledge."
Keynote and Commentaries
"Today, faced by the robust vigor shown by illiberal nostrums, radically heightened inequality, and passionate unreason sometimes married to just causes, the Foundation's vocation has become more difficult and more significant."


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Urban Golden Treat Apple Tree - 12"
2 left in stock
Urban Apple is a NEW category of columnar trees that produce their fruit on spurs along the main stem. Each combines disease resistance, flavour and ease of growing in small spaces. Each has a narrow upright habit, ideally suited to grow in a container on a patio or as a small tree in the ground. Trees grow about 8' tall.
This is an apple tree for smaller landscapes and patios with a bottle brush shape. Grow full-sized apples in a small space! Sweet golden apples are normal sized apples that fruit in the first year of planting. This fast-growing tree will bear fruit just 1-2 years after planting. A choice of 2 varieties is needed for cross pollination.


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Underground concrete structures composed of flat slab-column connections are sensitive to punching failure at ambient temperatures. During fire, however, due to the restraint of thermal curvatures an increase of the punching load can occur, possibly leading to premature collapse. In this paper, this problem is studied numerically by the combination of CFD and mechanical finite element analysis, whereas further considerations are developed by the use of plasticity theory. The basis for the fire scenario used in the analysis is found in the literature as a real fire. The Belgium standard NBN S 21-208-2 for the design of the ventilation system in underground car parks with respect to car fires is used as well. The dimensions of the underground car park are based on a real fire accident that occurred in Gretzenbach, where the structure actually failed due to punching following a rather small fire. In the analysis, special attention is given to the increase of the axial load on the slab-column connection with temperature. For the mechanical properties and boundary conditions assumed, it is found that during fire the axial load may increase with a factor which, at least in the worst cases, can be close to the safety factor found from large scale fire tests.
► The structural stability of a car park is studied with combined CFD-FE analysis.
► Due to restraint forces, the column load increases to punching failure values.
► The load increase is highest for the fire sequence started in the middle car.
Journal: Fire Safety Journal - Volume 57, April 2013, Pages 96–106


Attorneys talking to JudgeThis is the second post in a series of articles discussing specific circumstances in which a parent may seek an emergency change in a child custody order in Las Vegas, Nevada. The previous post provided an overview of the situations that will be explored throughout this series. It also stressed the importance of retaining an experienced Las Vegas family law attorney to help you navigate this often contentious process. Your child's safety is of the utmost importance. A lawyer can help you understand how and when you may protect them from danger by seeking an emergency custody modification. This article will review when drug use by a parent may result in an emergency change in custody. If you need assistance, contact my office today to speak to an attorney.
When a Las Vegas judge will consider a parent's drug use an emergency for purposes of changing custody
As I have previously discussed, for a judge to consider an emergency custody change, the child must be in serious danger of imminent harm as a result of the other parent's behavior. In the context of drug use, the Court's approach to cases involving "hard drugs" will be very different than it is in matters involving the use or abuse of prescription substances or marijuana. The mere possession of harder substances, such as heroin, methamphetamines, cocaine, etc. is a criminal offense. Possession of or use of these drugs around the child will be viewed as a danger to the child's well-being and considered an emergency, justifying an expedited custody change.
If a parent is suspected of misusing prescription medication or smoking pot, on the other hand, a judge will not typically view this as an emergency unless evidence exists that the child is in immediate danger as a result. For example, if a parent is constantly high and has been driving the child while impaired, this may justify expedited action. It is possible that this behavior, even if not grounds for emergency action, may still lead to a custody change if determined to be adverse to the child's best interest. It is more likely, however, that the Court will schedule a hearing to understand whether a non-emergency change in custody is appropriate. The occasional use of marijuana in Las Vegas or valid use of legally prescribed medications taken as prescribed, on the other hand, is not grounds for changing custody, even on a non-emergency basis.
A Las Vegas attorney can assist with the emergency custody change process
The first step in requesting an emergency custody hearing is to file a Motion with the Court. It will also be necessary to file a request that the Court hear the Motion on an immediate basis. An initial hearing will be held quickly, after the other parent is given at least one days' notice. At the expedited hearing, the Court will order the parent suspected of drug use to submit to a drug test. Once the results of the test are available, which can happen quickly, the judge will decide whether the circumstances justify an emergency modification of custody. The judge may make a change on a temporary basis, with a more permanent decision being made after a future hearing. Where no emergency cause for a custody change exists, the judge may decline to make any temporary change and postpone the matter altogether for a future hearing. If the Court feels a trial is justified then discovery will begin shortly after the initial hearing. If custody is changed on an emergency basis as a result of hard drug use, then the Court may require that the other parent's visitation be supervised pending the outcome of drug tests and regularly scheduled status checks. The Court's decisions will be based on the specific facts and circumstances of each specific situation.
As a Las Vegas family lawyer, I am committed to helping my clients by providing the highest level of customer service and respect throughout this difficult process. If you need assistance, contact my office today to speak to an attorney.


Social Marketing
Nutrition and Physical Activity
photo of people at a meetingHow to Pretest
Your choice of methods and level of intensity for pretesting should depend on the project and your available resources. For example, you may want to show printed materials to members of the target audience and get their feedback. This can be done informally with individual conversations, or more formally with focus groups.
Another form of pretesting is to pilot your program. This means you put the program into place with a small portion of the audience to see how it is received. If you pilot your program or any part of it, monitor feedback and reactions to make sure the program is performing as intended. Don't be afraid to make any necessary changes. Monitoring and evaluation are discussed further in phase 5.


Archive for bathing
What legal rights do users of public bathing facilities have?
Aside from the already mentioned health regulations stating that where there are toilets there must be sinks and where there are sinks there must be soap, the legal rights connected to using public bathing facilities depend, as always, on whether the place is run by the government or a private entity. The particular activities that people may undertake in the facility depend on the staffing, physical plant, and monetary resources of the place and are not a matter of law. They do not have to allow shaving or nail cutting or tooth-brushing, for example. They might only have showers, not bathtubs. They might only allow people to bathe individually to prevent people from having sexual encounters there. Law is about the way people and government behave toward each other and how society operates, it rarely ever declares that people are entitled to do any particular activity in a certain place.
Sometimes there are bathing facilities at churches, shelters, nonprofit community centers and other privately operated places that are funded by donations from individuals and businesses. These privately operated facilities are obligated to function according to the direction of their own boards and their funding sources. This means that private facilities can have their own rules and limitations about the circumstances under which they allow people to wash there or obtain hygiene supplies. It also means that they can be unfair in providing their services: allowing some people to have more time than others, excluding some people, not providing notice of rule changes, etc…
If a private agency or organization gets government funding toward a particular service, like establishing bathing facilities, there may be regulatory legal obligations connected with using that funding. The whole facility is probably not subject to those obligations,[i] only the component providing the government-funded service. To find out abut those obligations, which will probably be about the way the service is provided and the conditions of the facility, it is necessary to find out which government agency (i.e., state department of health or county department of welfare or city special grant bureau, etc…) gives that funding and then contact that government agency to obtain a copy of the regulations and instructions for interacting with them if you believe their regulations have not been followed.[ii]
Sometimes, municipalities or counties install public showers and other washing facilities as part of food banks, health clinics, community centers and other social service agencies that those government entities operate. Those kinds of facilities are considered government property because their buildings and their operations are paid for out of the ordinary tax base either through the regular budget stream or specially-dedicated government funds like limited term grants. Public users are entitled to civil rights protections when accessing these government operated facilities. The civil rights protections include things like equal access, freedom from religious impositions (i.e., they can't force you to say a prayer or participate in religious counseling in order to obtain the service), free speech, freedom from being searched unless the search is a routine security process used for everyone, privacy… (Read more about civil rights on Findlaw.)
All of the rights enumerated in the last paragraph are simply listed as general civil rights principles. Civil rights principles arise from the ways court cases interperet amendments to the U.S. Constitution. So, civil rights is an area of law in which there is often not a clear rule for everyone to follow. Rather, it is a constant analysis of comparisons:
1. weighing the government's purpose along with its rule and
2. determining whether the rule, as applied in the situation being questioned, is structured just to serve that government interest. If it limits people unfairly by going beyond the scope of the government interest, it violates civil rights.
A helpful resource for learning about civil rights is Justia's Annotated U.S. Constitution. Read the sections about the Amendments to the Constitution to find easy explanations of how courts have interpreted those amendments. Note that the list of amendments tells what subjects are covered in each amendment (due process, free speech, etc…) Click on the hyperlinked name of any case on that site and you'll get to the Supreme Court's full decision.
Here are two examples demonstrating how civil rights can be outweighed by significant government interests:
 - If a member of the public, who routinely carries a weapon, comes to the public washing facility, the facility can probably justify locking the weapon away while the visitor is on the premises because the facility has an obligation to prevent harm to its staff and users.
 - People are supposed to have the right to free speech in a public place. However, if someone comes into a washing facility and makes threatening comments to other people bathing there, the facility (i.e., the government) may be at risk of losing the victims of those comments. If the whole purpose of the washing facility is to give people a place to get clean and try to avoid disease, but people were too scared to go there, then it wouldn't be an effective washing facility anymore unless the place refused to allow threats.
[i] The whole facility can be required to make changes in order to comply with legal requirements and accommodate the government funded part. For example, the building might have to install new doors, or fire safety devices, or a stair railing, or make other kinds of modifications to the building entrance or the building's systems in order to make the government funded bathing service properly safe and available to public users.
[2] State agencies, such as health departments, publish their regulations in administrative codes. All of the states' administrative codes are available on the Internet from the National Association of Secretaries of State at
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Is the government required to provide you with bathing facilities?
 It has been held that a criminal defendant who was not provided with soap, a comb, and other basic hygiene amenities in jail was entitled to a new trial because his dirty and disheveled appearance may have turned the jury against him.[i] That is an example of one of the two situations in which the government is required to provide any kind of washing facilities: those in which government buildings make toilets available to the public and those in which the government has custody of someone, as in the case of the jail inmate or when the person is in someplace like a county or state-run nursing home, etc… Other than in those instances, the public cannot expect that the law entitles them to a place in which to get clean or even to get supplies for washing or other personal hygiene functions.
 In government custody situations, as the previous section demonstrates, regulations about the condition of hygiene facilities in institutions might come from the government agency of which the institution is a component or from the public health code. The standards that have to be followed when public restrooms or bathing facilities are available in restaurants, other businesses, or in government buildings are in state public health codes.[ii]
 A clear and detailed example of standard public restroom requirements is in the Illinois public health code which includes specifics like, "Lavatories shall be provided and located within or immediately adjacent to all toilet rooms or vestibules. All lavatories shall be provided with hot and cold running water that can be tempered by means of a valve or combination faucet" and "A supply of bar, liquid, or powdered hand-cleaning soap or detergent in a dispenser shall be available at each lavatory."[iii] The Kentucky public restroom regulations are also very detailed with statements like, "an adequate supply of toilet tissue shall be provided at each toilet facility at all times" and "hand washing facilities, including running water, soap, and individual cloth or paper towels, or other method for drying hands approved by the cabinet, shall be provided…The use of the common towel is prohibited."[iv]
 Oddly, even though there are no general legal requirements mandating public bathing facilities for people who don't have homes, there are some circumstances in which the government provides hygiene supplies to members of the public who don't need something as basic as a place to bathe and who aren't necessarily financially needy. Notable examples of this are equipping drug users with clean syringes and dispensing condoms to teenagers.
 The legal sources for these actions are public health regulations, made by state and county health departments, often in furtherance of the government's interest in preventing the spread of HIV or other viruses, diseases, etc… It seems reasonable to ask why a government would make a law entitling members of the pubic only to such limited hygiene supplies and not just ordinary sinks and showers that are fundamental to fighting so many kinds of sickness. Lobbyists for the poor, and poor people themselves, can ask that question of lawmakers if bathing facilities are not available in a community.
[i] State v. Maisonet, 763 A.2d 1254 (N.J. 2001).
[ii] State health agencies' Web sites are listed at Within each agency's site, look for a link to "laws" or "regulations" or use their search tool for more specific terms such as "cleanliness" or "homeless" or "shelter," etc..
[iii] Ill. Admin. Code tit. 77, § 895.50(g), (g)(1) (2007).
[iv] 902 Ky Admin. Regs. 10:010:2:7, 12, 13 (2006).
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Is it legal to kick someone out of a store or restaurant just because he or she smells bad?
Yes, businesses serving the public have the freedom to eject prospective customers just because they smell bad. In fact, they can kick people out just because they are not wearing shoes or a shirt. Stores and restaurants do not have to do business with anybody if they don't want to. Granted, they cannot discriminate on the basis


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Hey Today I am wearing my 7th tray and idk why until now I can't pronounce the S correctly. at the beginning it was only when I am wearing them but now also without them I can't pronounce it correctly. The doctor said it's normal because my teeth are moving and I will get used to it but how long may it take? because I really have a very important event after 2 month and I have to say a speech and I am afraid of that. please help me and give me your experience with normal braces or Invisalign
Can't Pronounce S with Invisalign?
Doctor Answers 2
Invisalign and speech problems
The more you speak with it the fester you will get used to them. Try reading out load with them at home. Unfortunately there is no rule how fast you can get used to things it varies for everyone.
4 Considerations with "S" Sounds During Active Invisalign Treatment.
- First, it is not uncommon for your speech to be affected during active Invisalign treatment, especially with the aligner trays in your mouth.
- Second, the most common complaint is exactly what you are experiencing with words that begin with the letter "S." This is because as the teeth move and various interocclusal space forms, air passes more easily with the tongue position necessary for a "S" sound, which usually results in hissing.
- Third, this can improve as the tongue adjusts and teeth move into alignment.
- Finally, you should always make your dentist aware so that he can track your progress to be sure that your Invisalign case is "on course."


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Are they fox eyes in my spotlight?
The colour of fox eyes can vary depending on many things.
A. The colour of the spotlight being used; HID, halogen or coloured filters will have an effect on the retinal reflection colour you see.
B. The age of the fox may have an effect.
C. How directly the fox looks at the light.
D. The distance between your eyes and the light source (reflective angle) can affect the colour.
What colour am I looking for?
Usually greenish yellow. However white, orange and even red eyes can be a fox.
Cats, sheep, cattle and dogs can share the same colour as foxes. The space between the eyes can sometimes determine whether or not it's a fox.
The movement of the eyes is the next thing to look for. You may see a fox or a cat blink. A fox's eye may move quickly whereas most other animals don't move so quickly. A fox may only give a quick glance compared to a sheep for example.
A fox may be seen apart from a mob of sheep, but sometimes within the mob but moving differently to the sheep's eyes.
Because other creature's eye reflections are similar to fox, you must identify the animal before shooting.
Cats, sheep, cattle, wolf spider and fox eyes can look similar in colour.
Deer have particularly bright eyes. They group together quickly and move quickly when startled.
Animals with a more red appearance are kangaroo, possum and rabbit.
More eye colour information.
Always positively identify the animal before shooting.
7 thoughts on "Are they fox eyes in my spotlight?
 1. Thanks for your observations Phil
 I would like to make a few clarifications based on my understanding. We are talking about 3 species.
 DOGS Canis lupus familiaris
 FOXES Vulpes vulpes
 CATS Felis silvestris catus or Felis catus
 I frequently tell people that a fox is more like a cat than a dog, but more like a dog than a cat. Clearly 3 different species.
 Foxes technically have dichromatic vision. Dichromatic vision is limited to two colours. Foxes are unlikely to distinguish reds and yellows from purple, blues and greens. This type of blindness is shared by 6-8% of human beings. Ref Animal questions Cats and dogs are similar having more rods for seeing in low light and less cones in their retina that distinguish colour. Most humans have many more cones than rods
 Foxes may hunt similar to cats, but don't hunt in packs likes dogs or wolves Canis lupus.
 Foxes climb better than dogs but not as well as cats.
 I have cut open over 600 foxes and about 20 cats. Their gut is similar but diet is vastly different. Cats require fresh kill and occasionally carrion. Foxes eat fresh kill, carrion, insects, fruit, grain and anything edible. The reproductive tract of female dogs, foxes and cats is similar.
 Dogs chase foxes, rabbits, cats, rats, mice, chooks, sheep, cars and posties because they know they are not dogs. Dogs even chase other dogs because that is what dogs do.
 2. Just a few quick notes re: foxes and cats.
 Foxes have monochromatic vision, the same as cats, somewhat different to dogs.
 Foxes and cats eyes are the same. During daylight or when having a fixed gaze toward a spotlight, the eyes' pupils are slits. At night their eyes are round. Dogs are always round, the size varies with the amount of light.
 If you could liken a foxes eyes to a computer, they have excellent "grey scale" vision during daylight, hence excellent movement detection. They have about 6 times better night time vision than us, roughly the same as cats. Dogs, not so good.
 The Diplotic Chromosome count for red foxes is 36, all cats world wide (house, lion, tiger etc) are 36 or 38. All dogs from the Chihuahua to Great Dane are 78.
 Foxes have many other distinctly feline characteristics:
 -they hunt like cats
 -they readily climb trees
 -their gut is almost the same as cats
 -they leap on their prey
 -foxes bite their prey, dogs shake theirs
 -they stalk their prey
 -whiskers on wrists as with cats
 There are many others similarities.
 That's why dogs chase and kill foxes, they think they're cats.
 3. Well Mathew you described an event I wouldn't have to expected to happen either. Thanks for your observation. Graham
 4. I for the first time in my life just saw a fox and two cats playing, would have thought anyone who said that was nuts until the other night.
 5. Hello
 "Almost always", a fox will display two (2) eyes towards a spotlight. Most other animals, i.e. sheep, cattle, horses etc, show mostly one eye. Koala's have the closest eye to a fox, yet are much farther apart.
 I was very interested to read a comment in your article in SSAA regarding foxes re, "…who think more like cats than dogs". In my experience with spotlighting foxes, I have found on quite a few occasions, foxes actually playing with cats, with no animosity towards each other. Perhaps that explains why dogs hate foxes so much.
 Thank you for your fine website.
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Days of Creation Puzzle
A simple homemade puzzle that helps your child remember what God made on each of the 6 days of creation. We supply pictures for the puzzle, and instructions. With felt pens or crayons, glue, cardboard, and a knife, you can make this puzzle, and others (we tell you how) at almost no cost! Pictures and instructions included.


The cost of painting the total outside surface of a closed cylindrical oil tank at 50 paise per square decimetre
Question:
The cost of painting the total outside surface of a closed cylindrical oil tank at 50 paise per square decimetre is Rs 198. The height of the tank is 6 times the radius of the base of the tank. Find the volume corrected to 2 decimal places
Solution:
Let the radius of the tank be r dm
Then, height = 6r dm
Cost of painting for 50 paisa per $\mathrm{dm}^{2}=$ Rs 198
⟹ 2πr(r + h) = 198
⟹ 2 × 22/7 × r(r + 6r) × 1/2 = 198
⟹ r = 3 dm
Therefore, h = (6 × 3) dm = 18 dm
Volume of the tank $=\pi r^{2} h=22 / 7 \times 9 \times 18=509.14 \mathrm{dm}^{3}$
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Hang on there, you cool person who is looking to read some extremely interesting scientific information on oats and plant-based nutrition. Before you take a look at the following pages and before you proceed to click 'YES,' we have a disclaimer that we would like you to read here.
Q: Why is dipotassium phosphate added to Oatly Oat Drinks, including the Barista Edition, Skinny, Semi and Whole? Can you confirm that it's safe?
A: Due to its buffering properties, dipotassium phosphate is frequently used as an 'acidity regulator'. It's used particularly to prevent acidic coffee (with its low pH) from lowering the pH of coffee drinks to a degree that would result in the 'feathering' (splitting or precipitation) of the plant-based milk.
It's an approved additive within the EU as well as numerous other countries (including the USA, where the FDA has granted it GRAS [Generally Recognised As Safe] status).


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Mobilizing Action through Planning and Partnerships (MAPP)
"People working together in a strong community with a shared goal and a common purpose can make the impossible possible." –TOM VILSACK, US Secretary of Agriculture
Mobilizing for Action through Planning and Partnerships (MAPP) is a strategic approach to community health improvement. This tool helps communities improve health and quality of life through community-wide strategic planning. Using MAPP, communities seek to achieve optimal health by identifying and using their resources wisely, taking into account their unique circumstances and needs, and forming effective partnerships for strategic action.
The MAPP tool was developed by the National Association of County and City Health Officials (NACCHO) in cooperation with the Public Health Practice Program Office, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). A work group composed of local health officials, CDC representatives, community representatives, and academicians developed MAPP between 1997 and 2000. The vision for implementing MAPP is:
"Communities achieving improved health and quality
of life by mobilizing partnerships and taking strategic action."
Communities that have undertaken MAPP have experienced the following benefits:
- Creates a healthy community and a better quality of life.
- Increases the visibility of public health within the community.
- Anticipates and manages change.
- Creates a stronger public health infrastructure.
- Engages the community and creates community ownership for public health issues.
Alaska's MAPP Program
The Alaska MAPP Program was established as a cooperative initiative between Health Promotion and the Section of Public Health Nursing in 2006 in order to assist Alaska communities in developing and implementing community-wide strategic plans. The ultimate goals of Alaska's MAPP effort are for communities to achieve optimal health, improve coordination of serves and resources, and build a stronger public health partnership system. Using the national model and materials, Health Promotion provides the following services:
- On-site and statewide training on the MAPP framework
- Technical assistance on all phases of the MAPP
- Location specific consultation on:
- community organizing
- coalition development
- community assessment
- strategic planning
- evidence-based public health
- Access to national and Alaska specific resources
- Community networking across Alaska
Alaska Specific Resources:
National Association of City and County Health Officials:
For more information, please contact:
Jayne E. Andreen, Manager
Division of Public Health
Department of Health and Social Services
P.O. Box 110614
Juneau, Alaska 99811-0614


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Adding headers and footers
InDesign CS5 Essential Training
with David Blatner
Video: Adding headers and footers
Adding headers and footers provides you with in-depth training on Design. Taught by David Blatner as part of the InDesign CS5 Essential Training
Expand all | Collapse all
 1. 5m 50s
 1. Welcome
 1m 33s
 2. What is InDesign CS5?
 2m 26s
 3. Using the exercise files
 1m 51s
 2. 54m 49s
 1. Understanding the Application window
 6m 0s
 2. Navigating pages
 6m 39s
 3. Zooming and magnifying
 6m 57s
 4. Managing more than one document window
 3m 36s
 5. Setting rulers and measurements
 2m 9s
 6. Positioning panels correctly
 6m 28s
 7. Saving time by making workspaces
 3m 24s
 8. Setting the view quality of artwork
 4m 9s
 9. Adjusting View and Preview settings
 4m 56s
 10. Rotating pages and spreads
 3m 2s
 11. Displaying a new view with the New Window feature
 3m 29s
 12. Setting application and document preferences
 4m 0s
 3. 21m 31s
 1. Using the Tool panel
 8m 1s
 2. Learning and editing keyboard shortcuts
 6m 24s
 3. Working with spring-loaded tool shortcuts
 1m 17s
 4. Using contextual menus
 2m 51s
 5. Choosing menu items with Quick Apply
 2m 58s
 4. 45m 25s
 1. Creating new documents
 7m 28s
 2. Saving and reverting documents
 3m 41s
 3. Using multiple Undo and Revert
 4m 28s
 4. Setting margin and column guides
 5m 16s
 5. Using ruler guides
 8m 10s
 6. Bleeding colors or images off the side of the page
 4m 29s
 7. Saving objects in libraries
 4m 49s
 8. Exporting and importing page snippets
 4m 29s
 9. Saving for CS4 with IDML
 2m 35s
 5. 31m 18s
 1. Inserting, deleting, and moving pages
 7m 23s
 2. Changing page size
 6m 14s
 3. Adding page numbering
 3m 43s
 4. Changing page numbering with sections
 5m 58s
 5. Creating and applying master pages
 5m 20s
 6. Overriding master page items
 2m 40s
 6. 1h 21m
 1. Understanding text frames
 4m 6s
 2. Typing and editing text
 4m 36s
 3. Filling with placeholder text
 2m 38s
 4. Inserting special characters
 4m 43s
 5. Importing text
 7m 49s
 6. Threading text frames
 4m 1s
 7. Setting text frame columns and insets
 6m 32s
 8. Setting vertical justification and first baseline position
 6m 9s
 9. Putting text on a path
 6m 51s
 10. Using the Story Editor
 8m 43s
 11. Checking spelling
 7m 42s
 12. Using Find/Change
 9m 25s
 13. Tracking text changes
 8m 1s
 7. 49m 50s
 1. Importing graphics
 8m 11s
 2. Importing from Mini Bridge
 5m 27s
 3. Using the Links panel
 6m 34s
 4. Embedding links
 2m 37s
 5. Editing graphics in their original app
 3m 14s
 6. Fitting graphics to a frame
 6m 12s
 7. Taking advantage of image transparency and clipping paths
 4m 53s
 8. Adding live captions
 5m 56s
 9. Colorizing images
 2m 1s
 10. Turning image layers on and off
 4m 45s
 8. 46m 15s
 1. Selecting objects
 5m 32s
 2. Applying basic strokes and fills
 8m 18s
 3. Using advanced strokes
 3m 28s
 4. Adjusting transparency
 4m 38s
 5. Adding drop shadows
 6m 41s
 6. Applying feathering
 4m 25s
 7. Copying formatting with the Eyedropper tool
 4m 35s
 8. Finding and changing object formatting
 4m 50s
 9. Making polygons and starbursts
 3m 48s
 9. 22m 56s
 1. Making interactive documents
 2m 6s
 2. Adding hyperlinks
 5m 52s
 3. Building bookmarks
 3m 38s
 4. Creating buttons
 8m 57s
 5. Animating an object
 2m 23s
 10. 23m 15s
 1. Creating color swatches
 5m 52s
 2. The danger and power of unnamed colors
 4m 33s
 3. Building tint swatches
 2m 18s
 4. Creating gradient swatches
 3m 56s
 5. Applying gradients
 6m 36s
 11. 50m 0s
 1. Positioning objects with the Page Gap tool
 2m 53s
 2. Stacking objects
 2m 13s
 3. Creating and controlling layers
 3m 53s
 4. Managing objects in the Layers panel
 3m 37s
 5. Nesting objects
 2m 46s
 6. Editing frame and path shapes
 4m 6s
 7. Adding rounded corners and other corner options
 3m 57s
 8. Grouping objects
 3m 14s
 9. Locking objects
 2m 39s
 10. Aligning and distributing
 5m 43s
 11. Understanding text wrap
 8m 13s
 12. Using anchored objects
 6m 46s
 12. 18m 49s
 1. Duplicating objects
 5m 39s
 2. Rotating objects
 3m 3s
 3. Scaling objects
 3m 57s
 4. Mirroring objects
 3m 46s
 5. Using the Transform Again feature
 2m 24s
 13. 25m 52s
 1. Applying basic character styling
 7m 8s
 2. Applying advanced character formatting
 4m 54s
 3. Changing case
 2m 51s
 4. Understanding OpenType features
 3m 19s
 5. Using Find/Change for text formatting
 3m 18s
 6. Using Find Font
 4m 22s
 14. 45m 27s
 1. Applying formatting to a paragraph
 4m 14s
 2. Spanning


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Area Estimation and Design Analysis of Gaussian Pulse Shaping Filter
- Mr. Rajesh Mehra, Mrs. Ginne
- International Journal of Soft Computing & Engineering ico_openaccess
- in 2013
- Cited Count
Gaussian pulse shaping filters plays an important role in digital communications due to its intersymbol interference free property. The pulse shaping filter is a useful means to shape the signal spectrum and avoid Interferences. In this paper a Gaussian filter has been presented for pulse shaping in wireless communication systems. The proposed filter has been designed and simulated using Matlab. The simulated results show that the designed Gaussian filter can be implemented using 11 number of multipliers and 10 number of adders by providing11 multiplications per input sample and 10 additions per input sample. Thus the designed filter provides cost effective solution for mobile and wireless communication systems.
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Technical Report,01 May 2014,01 May 2017
Duke University Durham United States
Pagination or Media Count:
The geolocation system Alidade, developed with support from this research contract, is a passive IP geolocation system that is fundamentally different from all prior research systems since it computes predictions for the entire IP address space while absolutely refraining from issuing any measurement probes of its own, either before or after it is presented with the IP addresses. Although the system outputs for each IP address a point-based prediction for comparing its predictions with that of the other geolocation systems, Alidades geolocation prediction is a polygonal feasible region that represents all possible locations of the IP address.
- Direction Finding


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Three-toed horses once roamed TIbetan plateaus, skeleton reveals
A newly discovered skeleton from an ancient three-toed horse not only provides information about ancient Tibetan wildlife, but it also sheds light on the habitat and elevation of Tibet nearly 5 million years ago.
This area of the world, called the Tibetan plateau, is the youngest and highest plateau on Earth, its average elevation exceeding 14,800 feet (4,500 meters), but researchers don't know exactly when this happened. Some researchers think that 5 million years ago, the plateau was once much higher than it is today, but others think it was much lower.
More data is needed to get a good grip on when the plateau rose up, and these researchers used the fossilized horse to shed some light on the debate.
"We have an extinct horse that apparently is adapted to grasslands, these open nonwooded areas," study researcher Xiaoming Wang, of the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, told LiveScience. "Therefore, in turn, it might have some implications about the environment that it came from." [High & Dry: Images of the Tibetan Plateau]
Details about the horse suggested that at the time it died, the Zanda Basin would have been about 13,000 feet (4,000 meters) above sea level, on par with the current elevation of that region of Tibet.
The fossilized horse bones were found in the Zanda Basin, in southwestern Tibet, near the Himalayas. The horse is about 4.6 million years old and seems to be from the three-toed horse genus Hipparion. The species was identified as Hipparion zanda, which was originally named based on a single skull found in the late 1980s.
The new find included a majority of the horses' bones, including its legs. By analyzing the legs, they were able to get a better grip on the environment it lived in, shedding light on the state of the plateau at that time.
"These guys have pretty long legs, well-adapted to open terrain [and] running fast; it means that these guys are probably not in the wooded areas," Wang said. "By being not in the wooded areas, basically the paper concludes that the areas where the horse originally lived was above the tree lines in those days."
In this way, the Zanda horse would have been quite similar to the Tibetan wild ass, except the Zanda horse had three toes instead of the wild ass's one.
The horse also had teeth characteristics of a grazer, the researchers said, further supporting the idea that the area was open grassland when the horse lived.
One of the researchers, Yang Wang of Florida State University, analyzed the chemicals contained within the fossils to get an idea of what kinds of grasses the horses ate. She was able to tell that these horses ate plants that were characteristic of a cold, open land similar to that seen in the Zanda Basin today.
"Those earlier horses have similar diet to the wild asses [currently] living in the area. They are grazing on grasses that are adapted to the cold," Wang said. "It's a high elevation environment, but exactly how high we don't know."
The researchers estimate that 4.6 million years ago, when these horses roamed the area, it was about 1,300 feet (400 m) higher than the modern tree line, and probably about the same elevation as it is today.
Source: Fox News
BLM wild horse citizen panel faces conflicts
Ten Minute TrickMoving stall mats
Horse Therapy Helps Veterans Break Through PTSD
Horse Meat in Burgers in UK stores
Ten Minute TrickMaking your horse enjoy leaving home
Animals in The Hobbit suffer for the film

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Today's (Networking) Tip…
When you capture messages that are part of an operation, Message Analyzer normally collapses this traffic to combine related request and response message pairs into a single, top-level message line that contains a blue cubed icon to indicate an operation. However, because it is important to understand the interaction between requests and responses, Message Analyzer also enables you to toggle operations with the Hide Operations button, so you can alternately hide and show them in the Analysis Grid viewer.
If you toggle the Hide Operations button, the operations are broken apart and the constituent request and response message pairs are then displayed in chronological order instead. In this display configuration, you might lose some context as the request and response messages will no longer be grouped together as a single operation, but rather, they assume their original chronological position in the trace before Message Analyzer created the operation nodes.
Fig 1: Gives you a Network Monitor like view.
Fig 2: Rested grouping by operation


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Harriet S. Meyer
(pp225-226)The letters in this expression indicate obstetric history as follows:Often, 4 numbers separated by hyphens are recorded, eg: TPAL: 3-1-1-4 or 3-1-1-4which would indicate 3 term deliveries, 1 premature delivery, 1 abortion, and 4 living children. However, the text of a manuscript should define the numerical expressions and not give the numbers alone.
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Using background music in presentations helps to add emotional or entertainment component to your talk. The choice of music depends largely on the topic of your presentation.
In this post we will look at some common types of presentations and discuss what background music works best for each case.
Keep reading and make sure to listen to the examples.
Hi, I'm Mik, one of TunePocket music composers. Presentations should not be boring! Adding music to educational or business talks and presentations can help to keep your audience focused, motivated, and, most importantly entertained!
I went though our growing catalog of professional royalty free music and picked some great examples.
important note about performance royalties
It may be tempting to use your favorite song as background music in your presentation.
Before you do that, please note that:
1. Using any copyrighted material requires explicit permission from the rights owner. Especially if you plan to use it commercially.
2. Playing commercial music in public may require a special public performance license. Learn more about using music for business.
If you like any music below you can easily license it and use it in your presentation.
The music below was created by composers who are not affiliated with a PRO (Performance Rights Organization) and you don't need a separate performance license if you use that music in your presentation.
Background music for common types of presentations
Let's see what music works best for different presentation types:
There are many types of business presentations, including motivational talks, training presentations, real estate, corporate, and many more.
When choosing music for business presentation, first of all, decide whether you want to create the calm professional background or you want music to take the leading role and deliver some sort of emotional impact.
Calm corporate style music will work best for formal work presentations, commercial real estate, and business training.
On the other hand, inspirational music will be great for presentations related on achievement, good results, awards, and similar topics.
Here are some examples of background music for professional business presentations:
Educational presentations can include school presentations, lessons and tutorials, history, math, and lost of other topics. You can even make cooking presentations!
With educational presentations, the choice of music of music depends primarily on the subject and the content of your presentation.
For anything else, a subtle background soundtrack without a strong lead melody can be a good option.
For presentations that focus on groundbreaking IT or science concepts, futuristic "hi-tech" music should work the best.
More background music for presentations
Of course there are many more types of presentations.
You may decide that your presentation is better off without any music!
In that case I can recommend using a short music clip either at the opening or the ending of your presentation.
Some of the good places to insert such audio clips include the presentation title, branding logos, sponsors list, or any other significant call to action in your presentation slides.
How to play music across multiple Powerpoint slides
Ok, so by now I hope you have a good idea as to what kind of music you should use in your presentation.
It's relatively easy to add audio clips to individual Powerpoint presentation slides but what if you want the music to play continuously across multiple slides as you deliver your presentation?
Fortunately, you can add a song to a presentation and play it across slides in the background of your slide show.
Here's a quick tutorial from Microsoft that explains how to play music across multiple slides in your Powerpoint presentation or a slideshow.
Hope this post will help you to find the best music for your presentation!
Any music featured in this post or on TunePocket Web site can be licensed for presentations. You can also download free MP3 previews and safely try any of our music in your slideshow before you purchase the license.
If you have any questions, don't hesitate to post it below in the comments. I'll be happy to answer.
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Using soil seed banks to assess temporal patterns of genetic variation in invasive plant populations.
Most research on the genetics of invasive plant species has focused on analyzing spatial differences among existing populations. Using a long-established Gunnera tinctoria population from Ireland, we evaluated the potential of using plants derived from seeds associated with different soil layers to track genetic variation through time. This species and site were chosen because (1) G. tinctoria produces a large and persistent seed bank; (2) it has been present in this locality, Sraheens, for ∼90 years; (3) the soil is largely undisturbed; and (4) the soil's age can be reliably determined radiometrically at different depths. Amplified fragment length polymorphic markers (AFLPs) were used to assess differences in the genetic structure of 75 individuals sampled from both the standing population and from four soil layers, which spanned 18 cm (estimated at ∼90 years based on 210Pb and 137Cs dating). While there are difficulties in interpreting such data, including accounting for the effects of selection, seed loss, and seed migration, a clear pattern of lower total allele counts, percentage polymorphic loci, and genetic diversity was observed in deeper soils. The greatest percentage increase in the measured genetic variables occurred prior to the shift from the lag to the exponential range expansion phases and may be of adaptive significance. These findings highlight that seed banks in areas with long-established invasive populations can contain valuable genetic information relating to invasion processes and as such, should not be overlooked.