Sass/CSS Compiler documentation for the dotCMS Content Management System
dotCMS offers server side editing/compiling of Sass files "on the fly." Sass is a modern CSS pre-processor which extends the CSS language, allows for additional features (such as variables, mixins and functions), and allows CSS to be more maintainable, themable and extendible.
For more information, please see below.
Why Sass?
The Sass pre-processor is actively developed, widely adopted (including adoption by Bootstrap and other major frameworks), provides excellent compatibility with multiple browsers and CSS versions, and has extensive documentation and a well established community. For more information about Sass, please see the site.
Advantages of Uploading Sass Files to dotCMS
There are a number of advantages to uploading and using your Sass files in dotCMS:
 - Your Sass files may be edited in the dotCMS back-end.
 - Files are compiled instantly when accessed.
 - Files are minified on compile to reduce space and network bandwidth.
 - Compiled CSS code is intelligently cached to minimize recompiles and improve performance.
 - A revertable change and workflow history is kept on every Sass file.
 - The cache automatically refreshes each time a file is changed.
How to Reference Sass files in dotCMS
Referencing Sass files in Templates
When properly referenced in your Template code, Sass files are compiled server side "on the fly" and are cached. Sass files can be uploaded and edited via webDAV or from the Site Browser in the dotCMS backend. Each saved change to the file is stored in the file change history and triggers an update of the cache.
Since Sass files are not regognized by some older browsers, dotCMS uses a special notation to access Sass files which "disguises" your Sass files as regular CSS files. However when the browser makes the request to load the file, dotCMS recognizes the special notation, locates the appropriate Sass file, compiles it, and then sends the compiled CSS to the user's browser.
Including Sass files within other Sass files
There are two main requirements you must adhere to when including Sass files within your Templates:
 1. A Sass file may only include other Sass files which are in the same folder, or in a folder beneath the Sass file which containes the includes.
 - Example: The file /application/themes/test/sass/_styles.dotsass may only include files in or under the /application/themes/test/sass folder (e.g. /application/themes/test/sass/_fonts.scss, /application/themes/test/sass/fonts/_fonts.scss, etc.).
 2. All includes must be relative (to the root of the dotCMS folder tree).
 - Absolute paths do not make sense, and are not allowed.
To reference a Sass file from within your Template, you reference the.scss file and have it server side compile, by referring to your sass files (in your template code), using the file extension.dotsass, (instead of the normal.scss extension for Sass files).
For example, given the following Sass files:
You would use the following notation in your Template code:
Referencing Sass files in Themes
Sass files can be uploaded directly to a dotCMS Theme. The notation to access a Sass file from a Theme is the same as when accessing the files from a Template; however when referencing Sass files from a Theme, the $dotTheme.path variable should be used in the pathing references to the file.
Given the following files within your Theme folder:
You would reference the files within your Theme using the following notation:
Sample Sass Files
You may download sample Themes using various frameworks from the dotCMS website. Each downloadable Theme includes pre-built Sass files which you can use as examples to modify, or to create your own Sass files for your own dotCMS Theme.
Importing Other Files into Sass Files
You may use the _USER_ command to load the contents of another files into a Sass file.
Import File Names
By convention, included Sass files often begin with an underscore (_). Therfore, when you import a file using the _USER_ command, dotCMS will attempt to find the file using two different file names:
 1. dotCMS will first search for the file using the exact name you've specified in the _USER_ statement.
 2. If the file can not be found, dotCMS will append an underscore (_) to the file name and attempt to find it again.
For example, if you specify a line of _USER_ "styling/mixins", dotCMS will first look for the file "mixins.scss" in the "styling" folder; if a file with that name can't be found, dotCMS will then look for the file "_mixins.scss" in the same "styling" folder. dotCMS will import the first file with a matching name it finds.
Import File Paths
The path to the import file is specified from either the root of the dotCMS site browser tree (for local files), or from the site the file is located on](_TAG_) (for remote files).
Local Paths
If the file being imported resides on the same host as the file making the import call, then a relative path can be used, as follows:
_USER_ "/path_to_file/file_name.scss";
Remote Paths
If the file being imported resides on another host on the same dotCMS instance, then the import path must begin with a double slash and the name of the host where the file is located (e.g. //, as follows:
_USER_ "//host_name/path_to_file/file_name.scss";
Caution: Sass files residing on other servers (outside the existing dotCMS instance) may NOT be imported via an http call.
Managing Sass Files
Any time a Sass file is changed, the cache reloads and recompiles the file, ensuring that the cache stays in sync with file updates whether they are made through editing the file directly in dotCMS or thru a Webdav connection. dotCMS intelligently handles caching of the compiled CSS code so that new code is compiled when necessary, and previously compiled code is not recompiled unless something changes which might cause a change in the compiled CSS. When possible, compiled CSS code is shared among objects which include the same Sass files (and not recompiled in each location where the Sass file is included).
Flushing Sass Code from the Cache
If you wish to flush Sass code from the cache, you need to be aware that the uncompiled contents of Sass files and the compiled code generated from them are cached in different locations:
 - The uncompiled contents of Sass files are cached with all other dotCMS files in the "fileassetmetadata" cache region.
 - The compiled CSS code generated from Sass files are cached to the "csscache" cache region.
 - Any compiled CSS code generated from Sass files which is used on a page is also cached in the "htmlpagecache" region for the specific page (and is subject to the "Cache TTL" property specified for the page).
Because the compiled CSS code may be cached in multiple regions, in order to ensure compiled CSS is flushed completely, you either need to understand the structure of the page and components the Sass file is included in and just flush the appropriate regions for that page, or to flush all of the above referenced cache regions.
To flush each of these regions, navigate to the System –> Maintenance screen, select the Cache tab, select the appropriate cache region (see below), and press the Flush button.
Cache RegionSelection for the "Flush Cache" Command
csscacheProcessed CSS Cache
blockdirectivecacheBlock Directive
blockdirectivehtmlpagecacheBlock Page
Forcing Recompile
(Available only when logged in to the dotCMS backend)
To force the re-compile of a Sass file, you may append the?recompile=true parameter to the path specification for the Sass file within your Theme or Template:
This option allows you to force a recompile of the Sass file to CSS and verify the recompile in the dotcms.log file.
(Available only when logged in to the dotCMS backend)
To debug issues with the Sass compiler, you may examine the un-minified version of the CSS file by appending the?debug=true parameter to the path specification for the Sass file within your Theme or Template:
You can use this debug option to verify that the human readable (non-minified) CSS output matches the expected result.


text:
Maritime Trade Evolutions and Port City Developments in Asia
Historically, almost all goods transported worldwide have been carried by sea with the current estimate stands at approximately 90 percent by volume and 70 percent by worth. Maritime industry is an important economic sector as it has a direct impact on the prosperity of a region and/or city. This chapter presents a review on maritime trade evolution in Asia from the thirteenth centuries to the post-World War II, followed by an examination on the contemporary development of some major Asia ports. From the extant port literature, a list of factors affecting port competition and development is identified and reviewed. The chapter concludes with brief discussions on fruits for thought, future trend, challenges and opportunities facing the Asia maritime trade industry.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
The UK-German Connection's Instant Impact programme provides grants of up to £1,500 for first-time visits between UK-German school and youth partnerships.
To be eligible for funding at least 75% of the time during the visit must be spent taking part in interactive and educational joint activity between young people from the UK and German partner institutions. The focus should be on collaboration, joint learning, discussion and reflection and there should be a commitment to the sustainability of the link with concrete plans for follow-up and development. Grants can support costs such as travel, accommodation and project resources and will be a part-contribution to the overall costs. Applicants must contribute at least 25% of the overall eligible activity costs through participants' contributions and other sources of funding.
Applications can be submitted at any time but should be for activities that are at least six weeks ahead.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
As of 2020, Bhutan has 18,264 kilometers of roads, the highest of which are farm roads (11257 kilometers, 62%). The difficult geographical terrain poses serious challenges for efficient transportation and is an impediment for rural economic growth.
APECS began its consulting career with road survey and design projects. It has been a key consulting partner for the Department of Agriculture which is responsible for rural road design and construction. APECS is involved in provided end-end solutions including feasibility studies, geotechnical, environmental, and social studies, road survey, detailed design, procurement assistance, and construction supervision of both rural and urban roads in the country. Furthermore, APECS has been a capacity development specialist imparting numerous trainings on road design and maintenance.
Similarly, APECS has been a partner for government agencies, and consulting firms for bridge design studies, mostly for survey and geotechnical studies.
Key Focus Areas
- Traffic and OD Study
- Feasibility and alignment study
- Geotechnical, environmental, and social studies
- Survey and detailed design of roads and bridges
- Constriction supervision


Cleft of Dimensions Wiki
The Surface of the Cleft is spherical like any normal planet but there are some things that hang in the heavens high above.
It's not certain whether these celestial bodies are truly celestial bodies or whether they are just illusions/constructs/mana spirits. Theoretically, the dimension of the Cleft should extend infinitely into the void, so, at the very least, we have room for any celestial bodies we like. Note: even if the void is infinite, it doesn't mean that the whole thing is filled with stars! Any stars that are in the Cleft are probably either created by the immortals or brought here from other dimensions in the cataclysmic events that created this place.
Note that Final Weapon is somewhere in space, in orbit.
The Cleft has a series of constellations, and the visible constellations vary depending on what time of year it is. Here are our current constellations:
 - North Star, Raphael the Raven
 - The Sword of Mana
 - The Pool of Stars
 - Fortissimo the fallen
 - The Chimes of Aquilon
 - Queen Diana of diamonds
 - Chain of Hope, Sarai's brilliantly shining constellation
The Moon[]
The Cleft also has a moon. The lunar cycle is 27 days. The new moon occurs on the 1st day of the cycle and the full moon occurs on the 14th day. These are hardcoded facts.
Assuming Luna Moon Base is part of the Cleft, the moon must be real enough to be habitable.
For more information, see Time.
The Sun[]
A sun also appears to be in the Cleft's outer space. It works like any regular sun, rising in the east and setting in the west. Solar luminosity is pretty much constant throughout the Cleft, weather aside.


AnsweredAssumed Answered
what is a 'form' used for ?
Question asked by vivalg on Aug 17, 2012
Latest reply on Aug 17, 2012 by weissenberg
yes, I read the user guide, but I don't get the point of using a 'form'
if 'variables' was created to pass data between activities within a process instance, then what's the intention of using a 'form' ?
I'm new to work flow, and I guess this is probably a stupid question :( , could anybody paste some practical code of form ?
(I saw the examples, and I still don't get why we just simply use variables)
Outcomes


text:
Every resin intended for UV LCD 3D printing is cured with UV light using different exposure time settings which depend on the chosen layer thickness. The Exposure Time Calibration tool allows you to determine the correct settings for the type of resin you are going to use and layer thickness you have set for your model. To avoid having to randomly test print settings and ending up with a failed print, you have to properly calibrate the printer and find the best exposure time values. This manual shows a simple procedure that will help you when working with third-party resins and produce a high-quality print. During this calibration, the Inkspire will print a simple model with ten columns showing multiple details. Once the model is ready, you have to inspect it visually to know which exposure time settings are the best for your resin.
Starting the Calibration
From the main menu select Tools and Exposure time calibration.
NOTE! Remember to remove cured resin from the platform and carry out platform calibration before starting the Exposure time calibration.
Next, pour resin into the tank.
Entering Calibration Values
To start the calibration, enter the necessary settings:
–Layer height (mm) – the layer thickness which you want to test for the resin,
–Initial time value (seconds) – the initial exposure time value for the first column of the trial model,
–Time step (seconds) – the time value which will extend the exposure time for each next column.
Once you enter all values, select Start test and the printer will start to print the trial model.
Interpreting the Results
Inspect the ready model visually and select the column where the details are printed most precisely. Next, tap the selected column on the screen. The screen will display the suggested exposure time value for your resin. To complete the calibration, press Finished.


text:
the article covers conditions for creating a system of additional education in the field of project management and information modeling technologies in a format of electronic educational resource as a contemporary base for digital economy's spheres development.
Event logs collected by modern information and technical systems usually contain enough data for automated process models discovery. A variety of algorithms was developed for process models discovery, conformance checking, log to model alignment, comparison of process models, etc., nevertheless a quick analysis of ad-hoc selected parts of a journal still have not get a full-fledged implementation. This paper describes an ROLAP-based method of multidimensional event logs storage for process mining. The result of the analysis of the journal is visualized as directed graph representing the union of all possible event sequences, ranked by their occurrence probability. Our implementation allows the analyst to discover process models for sublogs defined by ad-hoc selection of criteria and value of occurrence probability


What does davallia mean?
Definitions for davallia
Here are all the possible meanings and translations of the word davallia.
Princeton's WordNet
 1. davallia(noun)
 any fern of the genus Davallia; having scaly creeping rhizomes
Freebase
 1. Davallia
 Davallia is a genus of about 40 species of ferns in the family Davalliaceae. They are epiphytic ferns, with fronds arising from long aerial rhizomes which grow on and over thick bark on trees or on rock crevices.
Numerology
 1. Chaldean Numerology
 The numerical value of davallia in Chaldean Numerology is: 2
 2. Pythagorean Numerology
 The numerical value of davallia in Pythagorean Numerology is: 8
Images & Illustrations of davallia
 1. davalliadavalliadavallia
Translation
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text:
Low Temperature Chiller Power Installation Requirements
The operation of the low temperature chiller must usually be used under the premise of the power cord, and the chiller can obtain a more efficient cooling function under the premise of the power supply to meet the requirements. What are the power installation requirements for chillers?
1. The power supply of the low temperature chiller is used for three-phase 4-wire, the power line is connected to the power line, the neutral line, and the ground line.
2. The unit uses the perforation on the main power cord electric control box to connect to the post in the box to ensure the connection is tight.
3. Power distribution request: main power supply voltage: extra voltage ±10%
4. The low temperature chiller has current overload protection, high pressure pressure protection compressor discharge end, motor coating overheat protection, waterproof protection, coolant protection, maintenance, and control circuit advancement.
5. Shake the main power supply voltage to the predetermined scale, disable the initial water mixer, otherwise the operation will not work properly, and the damage caused is not within the scope of the company's maintenance.
6. Water flow switch, water pump, coolant tower motor, etc. If necessary, the unit control circuit can be installed accurately when necessary.
Since the main function of the low-temperature chiller is to cool and create a low-temperature environment, and the operation of the chiller must be carried out under the premise of connecting the power cord, the chiller has high power installation requirements, and it is necessary to keep the wire connection stable.
We are a professional manufacturer of temperature control equipment, supporting customized services, please consult us for details!
Temperature Control Range: -150°C to +50°C
Dynamic Temperature Control Systems
Temperature Control Range: -120°C to +350°C
Temperature Control Range: -40°C to +100°C
Temperature Control Range: -85°C to +250°C
Temperature Control Range: -150°C to -10°C


text:
Precondition should be a noun, if it is a single word, or begin with a noun if it is a short sentence.
Resonance: In physical systems, classical (or mechanical) resonance refers to the phenomenon that a system can oscillate with larger amplitude at some frequencies than at others. These are known as the system's resonant (or resonance) frequencies. At these frequencies even small external forces that are applied repeatedly can produce large amplitude oscillations, which may seriously damage or even destroy the system.
Resource (as aspect): A Resource is something that is needed or consumed while a function is carried out. A Resource can represent matter, energy, information, competence, software, tools, manpower, etc. Time can, in principle, also be considered as a Resource, but since Time has a special status it is treated as a separate aspect. Since some Resources are consumed while the function is carried out and others are not, it is useful to distinguish between Resources on the one hand and Execution Conditions on the other. The difference is that a while a Resource is consumed by a function, so that there will be less of it as time goes by, an Execution Condition is not consumed but only needs to be available or exist while a function is active. The difference between a Precondition and an Execution Condition is that the former is only required before the function starts, but not while it is carried out. The description of a Resource (or an Execution Condition) should be a noun, if it is a single word, or begin with a noun if it is a short sentence.
Simple description of Output variability: The simple description of the possible variability of the Output from a function comprises two dimensions:
The Output can vary with respect to time, being either too early, on time, too late, or omitted (not occurring at all).
The Output can vary with regard to precision, being either precise, imprecise, or acceptable.
Snowflakes: 'Snowflakes' are a nickname for FRAM hexagons. The name is based on the similarity between the graphical representations. The idea of a non-linear development was also initially communicated by using an avalanche as an analogy. Today, the'snowflake' reference is, however, considered obsolete and potentially misleading, and should therefore be avoided.
Stochastic resonance: Stochastic resonance can be defined as the enhanced sensitivity of a device to a weak signal that occurs when random noise is added to the mix. The outcome of stochastic resonance is non-linear, which simply means that the output is not directly proportional to the input. The outcome can also occur – or emerge – instantaneously, unlike classical resonance which must be built-up over time.
System: Systems are usually defined with reference to their structure, i.e., in terms of their parts and how they are connected or put together. Common definitions emphasise both that the system is a whole, and that it is composed of independent parts or objects that are interrelated in one way or another. Definitions of this type make it natural to rely on the principle of decomposition to understand how a system functions, and to explain the overall functioning in terms of the functioning of the components or parts – keeping in mind, of course, that the whole is larger than the sum of the parts. It is, however, entirely possible to define a system in a different way, namely in terms of how it functions rather than in terms of what the components are and how they are put together. From this perspective, a system is a set of coupled or mutually dependent functions. This means that the characteristic performance of the system – of the set of functions – cannot be understood unless it includes a description of all the functions, i.e., the set as a whole. The delimitation of the system is thus not based on its structure or on relations among components (the system architecture). An organisation, for instance, should not be characterised by what it is but by what it does. Neither should it be characterised by the people who are in a given place (on the organisation chart or in reality) but by the functions they performs. One consequence of a functional perspective is that the distinction between a system and its environment, and thereby also the system boundary, becomes less important, cf., the distinction between of foreground and background functions.
Task: the formal description of work as it expeted to be carried out. According to the Shorter Oxford Dictionary, a task is "any piece of work that has to be done," which is generally taken to mean one or more functions or activities that must be carried out to achieve a specific goal. The origin is in French ergonomics in the 1950s, where a distinction was made beween task (tâche) and activity (activité). The task corresponds to the formal description of work (checking out a customer at a supermarket, taking a blood sample in a hospital, starting up a coal-fired power plant). The activity corresponds to the description of how the task is carried out in practice. Task and activity thus corresponds to work-as-imagined (WAI) and work-as-done (WAD). A task is usually described in a specific order or organisation as the result of a task analysis, which is the study of what people, individually and collectively, are required to do to achieve a specific goal, or, simply put, as who does what and why. A task usually comprises a number of steps and/or sub-tasks, hence a number of functions.
Time (as aspect): The Time aspect of a function represents the various ways in which Time can affect how a function is carried out. Time, or rather temporal relations, can be seen as a form of Control. One example of that is when Time represents the sequencing conditions. A function may, for instance, have to be carried out (or be completed) before another function, after another function, or overlapping with – parallel to – another function. Time may also relate to a function alone, seen in relation to either clock time or elapsed time. Time can also be seen as representing a Resource, such as when something must be completed before a certain point in time, or within a certain duration (as when a report must be produced in less than a week). Time can, of course, also be seen as a Precondition, e.g., that a function must not begin before midnight, or that it must not begin before another functions has been completed. Yet rather than having Time as a part of either of the three aspects of a function – or indeed, the four since it conceivably could also be considered as an Input – it seems reasonable to recognise its special status by having it as an aspect in its own right. The description of a Time aspect should be a noun, if it is a single word, or begin with a noun if it is a short sentence.
The description of a Time aspect could also be one of the commonly used descriptors of a temporal relationship [Allen, J. F. (1983). Maintaining knowledge about temporal intervals, Communications of the ACM, 26(11), 832-843].
Upstream functions: An upstream function is defined in a similar way as a downstream function (q.v.) as a function that – in a given instantiation – happens before other functions, and which therefore may affect them. The notion of upstream function is relative rather than absolute.


text: Remarkable advancement in wave energy conversion technology has taken place in recent years. Due to its simplicity, the Wells turbine has been one of the most widely used power take-off mechanisms in an oscillating water column type wave-energy conversion device. However, the turbine suffers from several challenges due to its narrow operating range, which hinders the commercial feasibility of the system. Several aerodynamic applications have successfully used passive control methods to modify the flow conditions. This work applied a combination of stall fences and casing grooves for passive flow control of a Wells turbine. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technique is used to analyze the modified turbine numerically. The casing groove modified the tip-leakage vortices, interacted with local vortices created by the stall fences, and helped reattach the flow at higher flow coefficients. As a result, the modified turbine increases the operating range up to 33.3%. In addition, the peak-to-average (PTA) power ratio decreased by up to 27.7%. © 2023, The Author(s).


DwmGetColorizationColor function
Retrieves the current color used for Desktop Window Manager (DWM) glass composition. This value is based on the current color scheme and can be modified by the user. Applications can listen for color changes by handling the WM_DWMCOLORIZATIONCOLORCHANGED notification.
Syntax
DWMAPI DwmGetColorizationColor(
 DWORD *pcrColorization,
 BOOL *pfOpaqueBlend
);
Parameters
pcrColorization
A pointer to a value that, when this function returns successfully, receives the current color used for glass composition. The color format of the value is 0xAARRGGBB.
pfOpaqueBlend
A pointer to a value that, when this function returns successfully, indicates whether the color is an opaque blend. TRUE if the color is an opaque blend; otherwise, FALSE.
Return Value
If this function succeeds, it returns S_OK. Otherwise, it returns an HRESULT error code.
Remarks
The value pointed to by pcrColorization is in an 0xAARRGGBB format. Many Microsoft Win32 APIs, such as COLORREF, use a 0x00BBGGRR format. Be careful to assure that the intended colors are used.
Examples
The following example code shows a WM_DWMCOLORIZATIONCOLORCHANGED notification handle. If the colorization notification is received, this code retrieves the new color value.
C++
...
DWORD color = 0;
BOOL opaque = FALSE;

HRESULT hr = DwmGetColorizationColor(&color, &opaque);
if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
{
 // Update the application to use the new color.
}
...
Requirements

Minimum supported client Windows Vista [desktop apps only]
Minimum supported server Windows Server 2008 [desktop apps only]
Target Platform Windows
Header dwmapi.h
Library Dwmapi.lib
DLL Dwmapi.dll


text:
A Test for the Validity of the Generalized Gilbert Model Using Real Communications Channels.
AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
Pagination or Media Count:
A proposal has been made to use the generalized Gilbert model in a real time channel monitoring device. The purpose of the device is to calculate error statistics by observing an operational channel and, from the observations, estimate the model parameters. The parameter estimates can then be used to calculate the desired channel statistics. An estimator is developed which yields these parameters. The estimator and the model are tested using real communications channels. The model andor estimator are found to be invalid when applied to the channel data available. A sensitivity analysis is conducted using the probability equations associated with the model. The sensitivity study indicates that the parameters of the generalized Gilbert model cannot be uniquely, simultaneously estimated from observations of the data. Author
- Non-Radio Communications


text:
OVER THE past three months you've read about the chamomile weeds, stinking mayweed and rayless chamomile, and now we tackle the last one, scentless chamomile.
I've always loved these weeds from a training sense – they form a bit of a graduation exam for the agronomists I train. The scenario is always to correctly identify the three weeds as seedlings as it's very hard to do visually. But if they remember what they've been taught and use their sense of smell it becomes an easy test, and you can give it a go in your own garden – you might surprise yourself with your skills!
Scentless chamomile ( Tripleurospermum inodorum) is an annual (or a short-lived perennial in some situations) weed found all over New Zealand. It's native to Europe, Asia and North Africa, but has moved most of the way around the world. In some parts (I'm looking at you North America) it is considered an invasive noxious species.
As with the other mayweeds and chamomiles, scentless chamomile is a member of the Asteraceae or sunflower family of weeds, but there's a little bit of confusion over exactly where it fits in. For a long time it was thought to be a direct relation of rayless chamomile but genetic analysis has split this family in two with half of them forming the new genus of
Like the other mayweeds and chamomiles, scentless chamomile is very hard to visually identify from a small plant but super easy if you can crush it and smell it. They can also be differentiated by their very different flowers.
Scentless chamomile can germinate in soil all year round, so long as there is moisture, sunlight reaching the soil, and soil temperatures are above 3°C. Generally, most of them germinate in the spring and autumn in New Zealand. Following germination they produce small, dense rosettes of leaves which are very finely divided and kind-of resemble fern fronds. They soon produce a long stem (15cm to 1m), with a large number of branches covered in their fine leaves.
At the end of each branch the plant produces flowers with white petals and a brilliant yellow centre, kind-of like a giant daisy. These flowers produce a veritable horde of seeds – we are talking tonnes of seeds, like 10,000 to 200,000 seeds per plant! – which means they can effectively colonise large areas in only a couple of years. That can be a real pain in pasture as animals will not eat it.
How to control it
Controlling scentless chamomile is a cinch but only if you deal to it quickly – let it seed and you will be fighting the fight for years to come.
The best way to deal with it in a home garden is just to pull it out as it's not too hard to weed out.
If you are dealing with a larger area you may want to spray it out. We are a little limited in what chemical will work here: 2,4D and MCPA are ok; Versatill works best but you need to be spraying small seedling plants to get any control.
If there is a flower, forget about spot spraying with chemical control as the plant will have finished its lifecycle and die off naturally after seeding, ready to reproduce next year.


text:
Creating a Platformer With BYOND
BYOND gives you a default movement system. If you open Dream Maker, create a new project, make icons, declare turfs, build a map, and run the game you can walk around. You don't have to program how the movement works, the behavior is built in. My Sidescroller library does the same thing except it provides you with a movement system for sidescrolling action/platform games.
This article explains how the library works and how you can use it to create a game. If you're familiar with Dream Maker and can make a simple game then you can use this library to make a platformer.
Using the Library
The library is very easy to set up. Here are step-by-step instructions for setting up the library. If you're familiar with the Dream Maker program you can have a working sidescroller in just a few minutes. This tutorial assumes you've completed those steps to set up the library and create a basic game. If you want to follow along with this tutorial and try code snippets out you should complete those steps now.
We'll now look at how you can utilize more features of the library and add some new features of your own.
In the world you've created all objects are 32x32 boxes. In a real game your mob's icon will probably be a picture of a person. The mob's icon is 32x32 but the mob only occupies part of that box. To handle this we can modify the mob's pwidth and pheight vars.
Open up mob.dmi and change the icon state. Instead of being a 32x32 blue box make it a 24x24 blue box, like this:
Then add this to the code:
Now run the game. The mob now occupies a smaller space than before.
The library has support for ladders. A ladder is a non-dense tile that a mob can climb. To create a ladder you need to draw an icon state for it, then add this code:
The is_ladder variable tells the library that the turf can be climbed. Place some ladders on the map and run the game:
Use the up and down arrow keys to climb ladders.
With BYOND's default movement system it's often sufficient for a mob to have a single, 4-directional icon state. When the player moves the direction is updated so the proper image is shown. In an action/platform game you can perform different kinds of actions, like running or jumping, so you need different icon states. The library handles this for you.
You set the mob's icon var and the library will automatically update the mob's icon_state based on what the mob is doing. If you're standing still your icon_state will be set to "standing". If you're moving (on the ground) it'll be set to "moving". If you're hanging on a ladder it'll be set to "climbing". And if you're in the air (but not on a ladder) it'll be set to "jumping".
Let's create these icon states (or you can download this icon, you might need to right click the link and pick "Save As..."):
Note: These states are all 4-directional. The library automatically sets your direction to EAST or WEST so you need to make sure those states have images. For reference, here's what the standing state looks like:
You don't need to add any code. When you run the demo your mob will use these new icon states.
Bounding Boxes and Centered Icons
A mob's bounding box is the space that the mob occupies. The size of the box is determined by the pwidth and pheight variables. The position of the box is assumed to be in the lower-left corner of the mob's icon. However, this isn't always the case. Consider this poorly drawn person:
The mob is roughly 16 pixels wide. If we set the mob's pwidth var to 16, here's what happens:
The mob appears to be partially inside the wall. This is because the mob's bounding box is assumed to be in the lower left corner of the icon but we drew the mob in the center of the icon. To compensate for this we need to shift the mob's icon to the left 8 pixels when the game is running so that the part of the icon that represents the mob is inside the bounding box. We can do this with the mob's pixel_x var:
Now here's what you'll see when you run the game:
The icon is shifted to the left so the mob cannot appear to be inside walls anymore.
The library keeps track of the mob's motion as a velocity. A velocity is like a speed but it also has a direction assigned to it. Saying that the mob is moving four pixels per second is a speed, but saying that it's moving upwards at four pixels per second is a velocity. The library uses the vel_x and vel_y vars to keep track of the mob's velocity in the x (horizontal) and y (vertical) directions.
This sounds complicated but it actually makes things easy. When you jump, all that happens is your upwards velocity (vel_y) is increased. To handle jumping the library calls the mob's jump proc, here's the default behavior:
This means that when you jump your mob will move upwards at a rate of 10 pixels per second. Due to gravity it'll slow down and begin to fall. If we wanted to make the mob jump higher we can override the jump proc to create a different behavior. We can add this to our code:
An upwards velocity of 12 is enough to jump two tiles high. Don't get too carried away - the height of the jump increases a lot with each increase to the velocity. Setting vel_y = 14 is enough to jump three tiles high and 16 is enough to jump four tiles high.
You can also create ramps. Open turfs.dmi and make an icon that looks like this:
Call it "ramp". Then add this code:
The pleft and pright vars are used to define ramps. The pleft var tells the library the height of the turf at its left side. The pright var tells the library the height of the turf at its right side. We drew the ramp as being low on the left side and high on the right side so we set its pleft and pright to match. The height at its right side is 32 because the tiles are 32 pixels tall.
Place the ramp on the map and run the game.


text:
Cape Sable seaside sparrow: Ammodramus maritimus mirabilis
Genus/Species: Ammodramus maritimus
Subspecies: Ammodramus maritimus mirabilis
Common Name: Cape Sable seaside sparrow
Federal Status: Endangered
FL Status: Federally-designated Endangered
FNAI Ranks: G4T1/S1 (Globally: Apparently Secure, Sub sp. Critically Imperiled/ State: Critically Imperiled)
IUCN Status: Not ranked
The Cape Sable seaside sparrow is a secretive bird that is usually heard before they are seen. This species can reach a body length of five inches (12.7 centimeters) with a wingspan of 5.1-7.9 inches (18-20 centimeters) (The Cornell Lab of Ornithology, n.d.). This seaside sparrow has a dark olive-gray colored back, a light gray side with dark olive streaks, and small patches of yellow feathers in front of their eyes and at the bend of their wings.
The diet of the Cape Sable seaside sparrow primarily consists of spiders, beetles, caterpillars, grasshoppers, grass, and sedge seeds.
Nesting occurs from February to August, with most nesting activity happening from April to May. The length and timing of nesting depends on flooding, as nesting will be delayed or terminated if flood waters become too high. Cape Sable seaside sparrows build their nests in clumps of grass that are around six inches (15.2 centimeters) off of the ground. Females lay between three to four eggs per clutch, with two to three nests attempted every year. The rate of nesting success is 40-75%. Eggs are incubated by the female for 12 days. Fledging occurs at 9-11 days olds.
Habitat and Distribution
The Cape Sable seaside sparrow inhabits areas that are periodically burned and flooded. These areas include flooded inland prairies of cordgrass (Spartina), muhly grass (Muhlenbergia filipes), and short sawgrass (Cladium). The Cape Sable seaside sparrow is sometimes known as the "Goldilocks bird" as conditions have to be just right to survive. Cape Sable seaside sparrows can be found only in Everglades National Park and Big Cypress National Preserve in Dade and Monroe counties, as they are the only bird restricted to the Everglades' ecosystem. This species has not been seen in Cape Sable, Florida since the 1970's.
Historically, habitat destruction and conversion to agricultural land has been the major threat to the species (U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2003). Presently the degradation of habitat is a considerable threat to the Cape Sable seaside sparrow population (Florida Natural Areas Inventory 2001). Improper water regimes in the Everglades can cause delays and even the termination of nesting. Three or more years of low breeding rates can cause critical declines in the Cape Sable seaside sparrow's population, as its lifespan is only around four years. Encroachment of hardwoods and the removal of dead plants can reduce the suitability of the habitat for breeding. Prescribed fire is the usual method to prevent this; however, fire can kill adults, their young, and eggs (National Park Service, n.d.). The population of the Cape Sable seaside sparrow is restricted to South Florida, which makes the species vulnerable to natural catastrophes. South Florida is vulnerable to direct hits from hurricanes, which could significantly reduce the species' population.
Conservation and Management
The Cape Sable seaside sparrow is protected as an Endangered species by the Federal Endangered Species Act and as a Federally-designated Endangered species by Florida's Endangered and Threatened Species Rule.
Federal Recovery Plan
Other Informative Links
Florida Natural Areas Inventory
FWC Species Profile
National Park Service
The Cornell Lab of Ornithology
U.S. Geological Survey
Printable version of this page
Florida Natural Areas Inventory. 2001. Field guide to the rare animals of Florida. _URL_
National Park Service. (n.d.). Cape Sable Seaside Sparrow: In Depth. Retrieved July 6, 2011, from Everglades National Park: _URL_
The Cornell Lab of Ornithology. (n.d.). Seaside Sparrow. Retrieved July 6, 2011, from All About Birds: _URL_
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. (2003, October 8). Cape Sable seaside sparrow. Retrieved July 6, 2011, from Species Conservation Guidelines South Florida: _URL_ elines.pdf
Image Credit Photo by FWC

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Which Countries are Most Similar to United Arab Emirates?
Have you ever wondered how similar or different two countries are? The Country Similarity Index attempts to quantify how similar countries are to each other relative to other countries. The index is a statistically-based objective way to measure this. The index weights equally five major aspects of countries: their demographics, culture, politics, technology, and geography. In addition each aspect was roughly balanced evenly between quantity/percentage and quality/type. See this post for a full explanation: _URL_
Similar to countries in the Gulf Cooperation Council
The top 5 countries most similar to the United Arab Emirates are all part of the Gulf Cooperation Council. The GCC is similar to the European Union in that people and goods are allowed to flow freely between their countries (although this is not the case for Qatar since 2017). Furthermore, while these countries do not have a shared currency, all of their currencies have a fixed exchange rate with the US dollar. They are also all monarchies and are some of the richest Arab countries.
Top 10 Places Most Similar to the United Arab Emirates
 1. Qatar is another country on the Persian Gulf Coast that was once a British protectorate. Both countries are highly developed and have a massive amount of male immigrants, especially from India. However, political relations between the United Arab Emirates and Qatar have broken down recently. The UAE government has even banned travel to it. Despite this, these countries have an incredibly high degree of similarity.
 2. Bahrain is an island in the Persian Gulf, near Qatar. It is also quite similar to the UAE. One difference is that most Bahrainis are Shi'tes, not Sunnis. The country also has less immigrants than those countries.
 3. Kuwait is a small oil-rich country between Saudi Arabia and Iraq. Like Bahrain, it has many Shi'ites, although they are not the majority. It relies more on oil than gas to generate electricity, unlike the other countries on this list.
 4. Oman is located to the south of the United Arab Emirates. It is more conservative than the UAE and has less tourists. In stark contrast to other countries on this list, it does not have any skyscrapers. In fact, they are illegal. Furthermore, most of its people are Ibadis, not Sunnis.
 5. Saudi Arabia is another oil-rich Muslim country with a high level of development. However, UAE is far more cosmopolitan than Saudi Arabia. Its laws are more liberal and nearly 90% of its inhabitants are immigrants. In addition, UAE is much more densely populated.
 6. Jordan, 7. Egypt, 8. Iraq, 9. Libya, 10. Lebanon
Top 10 Places Least Similar to the United Arab Emirates
 1. Burundi is a densely populated, landlocked African country. It was a colony of Belgium, before becoming independent. So it is mostly Catholic and one of its official languages is French. It is one of the poorest countries in the world, in contrast to the UAE.
 2. Papua New Guinea is a tropical Christian country in the Pacific Ocean. In contrast to the deserts of UAE, it is one of the wettest countries on Earth. While UAE is highly developed, Papua New Guinea has little infrastructure. Like Burundi, it is also a Christian country, but it is mostly Protestant. One similarity is that it both were controlled by Britain.
 3. Lesotho is another poor Christian country on this list. It is completely surrounded by South Africa. Although both countries are monarchies, Lesotho's monarch only has ceremonial powers and the government is mostly democratic.
 4. Mozambique is a tropical country, next to Malawi. It was a colony of Portugal before its independence. Although it is mostly Christian, it has the highest percentage of Muslims on this list with around 20%. Its technology is also far different from UAE, since it drives on the left, has different electrical outlets, and uses a different train gauge.
 5. Democratic Republic of Congo, like Burundi, is another former Belgian colony that is extremely poor. In contrast to UAE, a vast majority of its land is forested. In addition, it also has little demographic or cultural similarity to UAE as well.
 6. Madagascar, 7. East Timor, 8. Haiti, 9. Rwanda, 10. Malawi
 Full Ranking of Countries and Territories Most Similar to the United Arab Emirates
Do you agree with the list?
Please leave any thoughts in the comments section.
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text:
CaC2 is an insulating ionic crystal. However, Y2Br2C2, which can be described as containing C24- ions, is metallic in two dimensions and becomes superconducting at 5K. Describe the possible electronic structure of C24-. In the crystal, monoclinic crystal symmetry leads to distortion of the Y6 surrounding structure. How might this change the electronic structure of the ion?
No related question exists


aib aib - 9 months ago 43
Java Question
Apache Commons CLI - option type and default value
How can I give a CLI Option a type - such as
int
or
Integer
? (Later, how can I get the parsed value with a single function call?)
How can I give a CLI Option a default value? Such that
CommandLine.getOptionValue()
or the function call mentioned above return that value unless one is specified on the command line?
Answer
EDIT: Default values are now supported. See answer _URL_ below.
As Brent Worden already mentioned, default values are not supported.
I had issues with using Option.setType too. I always got a null pointer exception when calling getParsedOptionValue on an option with type Integer.class. Because the documentation was not really helpful I looked into the source code.
Looking at the TypeHandler class and the PatternOptionBuilder class you can see that Number.class must be used for int or Integer.
And here is a simple example:
CommandLineParser cmdLineParser = new PosixParser();
Options options = new Options();
options.addOption(OptionBuilder.withLongOpt("integer-option")
 .withDescription("description")
 .withType(Number.class)
 .hasArg()
 .withArgName("argname")
 .create());
try {
 CommandLine cmdLine = cmdLineParser.parse(options, args);
 int value = 0; // initialize to some meaningful default value
 if (cmdLine.hasOption("integer-option")) {
 value = ((Number)cmdLine.getParsedOptionValue("integer-option")).intValue();
 }
 System.out.println(value);
} catch (ParseException e) {
 e.printStackTrace();
}
Keep in mind that value can overflow if a number is provided which does not fit into an int.


text:
You say sheet like "sheets", what's wrong with you
The one is wrong is your ear
thanks for correction. :)
Ku kira The Seat
What is the different of Sheets and Seats In the Spelling?
The sheet = seprai.
Bed sheet = seprei
In English we use sheet to mean bed sheet. Any other use of sheet requires clarification, sheet of paper, sheet of metal etc. If we just say sheet then we mean bed sheet.


text:
MSS Celebrates World Meteorological Day 2012 with Opening of New Upper Air Observatory and Launch of Singapore's First Book on Local Weather
Students, teachers and the general public will be able to better understand Singapore's weather with The Weather and Climate of Singapore, a book written by Ms Micheline Fong, a senior meteorologist with the Meteorological Service Singapore (MSS). Minister for the Environment and Water Resources, Dr Vivian Balakrishnan, officially launches The Weather and Climate of Singapore at the new Upper Air Observatory as MSS celebrates World Meteorological Day 2012.
Launch of The Weather and Climate of Singapore
The Weather and Climate of Singapore is the first comprehensive publication to focus specifically on Singapore's weather and climate. The 228-page book covers the weather systems we commonly experience, such as thunderstorms, "Sumatra" squalls and monsoon surges. Written with students, teachers and the general public in mind, the book explains the science of weather observations and predictions, as well as local climate statistics in an easy-to-understand manner. Exciting features on the monsoons, clouds, and the science of weather observation and prediction are presented in various interesting formats such as photographs, illustrations, graphs, and satellite images.
Recent extreme weather events serve as reminders of the growing importance of accurate weather and climate predictions and information. The launch of the book at a time where there is growing public interest in Singapore's weather and climate serves to complement MSS' intention to make available more comprehensive real-time data in the coming months.
"There are many aspects to the weather, and different weather phenomena that can be observed in Singapore," said Micheline. "I hope people will feel that our weather is part of their 'natural heritage' and take pride in it", she added.
Opening of the Upper Air Observatory
MSS also officially opens the Upper Air Observatory at 36 Kim Chuan Road.
The Upper Air Observatory (UAO) gathers meteorological observations of the atmosphere that are essential for weather monitoring and forecasting, and climate research. MSS' UAO is part of a global network of about 1300 stations world-wide.
Twice daily measurements are carried out at the UAO through the releasing of balloon-borne meteorological sensors which measure wind, temperature, humidity and air pressure up to heights of 30 km or more.
The new UAO is equipped with improved facilities for the launching of weather balloons. It is housed in a new building with green features such as solar panels and a rain harvesting system that harvests rain water to irrigate the building's landscape.
The Director-General of MSS, Ms Wong Chin Ling, said, "The opening of the new UAO marks a significant milestone for MSS which has been collecting upper air observations for the past 60 years. With the latest upper-air sounding system, Singapore will continue to contribute reliable, high quality observations to the international meteorological community for forecasting and research purposes."
World Meteorological Day 2012
On 23 March 2012, MSS celebrates the World Meteorological Day together with 189 worldwide member states of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO). The theme for this year is "Powering our future with weather, climate and water". According to Mr Michel Jarraud, the Secretary-General of the WMO, the theme "highlights the growing roles of weather, climate and water in powering a sustainable future".
Source: National Environment Agency


text:
word for neighbourhood), and the absolute maximum was 44 °C (111 °F) in February. The lowest temperature ever registered in the 21st century was 10 °C (50 °F) in Vila Militar, July 2011. Temperatures below 10 °C (50 °F) are very rare in the city. The temperature varies according to elevation, distance from the coast, and type of vegetation. Winter brings mild temperatures and less rain than in the summer.
Average annual temperature of the sea is 23–24 °C (73–75 °F), from 22 °C (72 °F) in the period July–October to 26 °C (79 °F) in February and March. The wettest and driest months tend to be December and August respectively.
|Climate data for Rio de Janeiro|
|Record high °C (°F)||43
|Average high °C (°F)||29.4
|Daily mean °C (°F)||26.2
|Average low °C (°F)||23.3
|Record low °C (°F)||18
|Rainfall mm (inches)||114.1
|Avg. rainy days (≥ 0.1 mm)||12||9||12||10||8||6||6||6||9||10||11||13||112|
|Mean monthly sunshine hours||195.3||209.1||195.3||165.0||170.5||156.0||182.9||179.8||138.0||158.1||168.0||161.2||2,079.2|
|Source #1: World Meteorological Organization (UN),Hong Kong Observatory|
|Source #2: Weatherbase (record highs and lows, humidity)|
|25 °C (77 °F)||26 °C (79 °F)||26 °C (79 °F)||25 °C (77 °F)||24 °C (75 °F)||23 °C (73 °F)||22 °C (72 °F)||22 °C (72 °F)||22 °C (72 °F)||22 °C (72 °F)||23 °C (73 °F)||25 °C (77 °F)||24 °C (75 °F)|
Europeans first encountered Guanabara Bay on January 1, 1502 (hence Rio de Janeiro, "January River"), by a Portuguese expedition under explorer Gaspar de Lemos captain of a ship in Pedro Álvares Cabral's fleet, or under Gonçalo Coelho. Allegedly the Florentine explorer Amerigo Vespucci participated as observer at the invitation of King Manuel I in the same expedition. The region of Rio was inhabited by the Tupi, Puri, Botocudo and Maxakalí peoples.
In 1555, one of the islands of Guanabara Bay, now called Villegagnon Island, was occupied by 500 French colonists under the French admiral Nicolas Durand de Villegaignon. Consequently, Villegagnon built Fort Coligny on the island when attempting to establish the France Antarctique colony.
The city of Rio de Janeiro proper was founded by the Portuguese on March 1, 1565 and was named São Sebastião do Rio de Janeiro, in honor of St. Sebastian, the saint who was the namesake and patron of the then Portuguese Monarch D. Sebastião. Rio de Janeiro was the name of Guanabara Bay. Until early in the 18th century, the city was threatened or invaded by several, mostly French, pirates and buccaneers, such as Jean-François Duclerc and René Duguay-Trouin.
In the late 17th century, still during the Sugar Era, the Bandeirantes found gold and diamonds in the neighboring captaincy of Minas Gerais, thus Rio de Janeiro became a much more practical port for exporting wealth (gold, precious stones, besides the sugar) than Salvador, Bahia, which is much farther to the northeast. And so in 1763, the colonial administration in Portuguese America was moved from Salvador to Rio de Janeiro. The city remained primarily a colonial capital until 1808, when the Portuguese royal family and most of the associated Lisbon nobles, fleeing from Napoleon's invasion of Portugal, moved to Rio de Janeiro. The kingdom's capital was transferred to the city, which, thus, became the only European capital outside of Europe. As there was no physical space or urban structure to accommodate hundreds of noblemen who arrived suddenly, many inhabitants were simply evicted from their homes. There was a large influx of African slaves to Rio de Janeiro: in 1819, there were 145,000 slaves in the captaincy. In 1840, the number of slaves reached 220,000 people.
When Prince Pedro I proclaimed the independence of Brazil in 1822, he decided to keep Rio de Janeiro as the capital of his new empire. Rio continued as the capital of Brazil after 1889, when the monarchy was replaced by a republic. Until the early years of the 20th century, the city was largely limited to the neighborhood now known as the historic Downtown business district (see below), on the mouth of Guanabara Bay. The city's center of gravity began to shift south and west to the so-called Zona Sul (South Zone) in the early part of the 20th century, when the first tunnel was built under the mountains located between Botafogo and the neighborhood now known as Copacabana. Expansion of the city to the north and south was facilitated by the consolidation and electrification of Rio's streetcar transit system after 1905. Botafogo's natural beauty, combined with the fame of the Copacabana Palace Hotel, the luxury hotel of the Americas in the 1930s, helped Rio to gain the reputation it still holds today as a beach party town (though, this reputation has been somewhat tarnished in recent years by favela violence resulting from the narcotics trade). Plans for moving the nation's capital city to the territorial centre had been occasionally discussed, and when Juscelino Kubitschek was elected president in 1955, it was partially on the strength of promises to build a new capital. Though many thought that it was just campaign rhetoric, Kubitschek managed to have Brasília built, at great cost, by 1960. On April 21 that year the capital of Brazil was officially moved from Rio de Janeiro to Brasília.
Between 1960 and 1975 Rio was a city-state under the name Guanabara State (after the bay it borders). However, for administrative and political reasons, a presidential decree known as "The Fusion" removed the city's federative status and merged it with the State of Rio de Janeiro, the territory surrounding the city whose capital was Niterói, in 1975. Even today, some Cariocas advocate the return of municipal autonomy.
The city hosted the 2007 Pan American Games and will host the 2014 FIFA World Cup final. It was announced on October 2, 2009, that Rio will host the 2016 Olympic Games, beating the finalist competitors Chicago, Tokyo, and Madrid. The city will become the first South American city to host the event and the second Latin American city (after Mexico City in 1968) to host the Games. The city will host the World Youth Day in 2013, the second World Youth Day in South America and first in Brazil.
City districts
The city is commonly divided into the historic center (Centro); the tourist-friendly wealthier South Zone (Zona Sul); the residential less wealthy North Zone (Zona Norte); peripheries in the West Zone (Zona Oeste), Santa Cruz and Campo Grande and the wealthy newer American-style Barra da Tijuca district.
Centro is the historic core of the city, as well as its financial centre. Sites of interest include the Paço Imperial, built during colonial times to serve as a residence for the Portuguese governors of Brazil; many historic churches, such as the Candelária Church, (the former cathedral), Sao Jose, Santa Lucia, Nossa Senhora do Carmo, Santa Rita, San Francisco de Paula, and the monasteries of Santo Antonio and Sao Bento. The Centro also houses the modern concrete Rio de Janeiro Cathedral. Around the Cinelândia square, there are several landmarks of the Belle Époque of Rio, such as the Municipal Theatre and the National Library building. Among its several museums, the Museu Nacional de Belas Artes (National Museum of Fine Arts) and the Museu Histórico Nacional (National Historical Museum) are the most important. Other important historical attractions in central Rio include its Passeio Público, an 18th-century public garden. Major streets include Avenida Rio Branco and Avenida Vargas, both constructed, in 1906 and 1942 respectively, by destroying large swaths of the colonial city. A number of colonial streets, such as Rua do Ouvidor and Uruguayana, have long been pedestrian spaces, and the popular Saara shopping district has been pedestrianized more recently.
South Zone
(Portuguese: Zona Sul) is composed of several districts, among which are São Conrado, Leblon, Ipanema, Arpoador, Copacabana, and Leme, which compose Rio's famous Atlantic beach coastline. Other districts in the South Zone are Glória, Catete, Flamengo, Botafogo,


text:
Today, it was the turn of Class 3 to have an audio recording of the second song that is accompanying the project in Aberbargoed Primary School.
Day Three in Aberbargoed Primary. Knights, suits of armour and the song! Class 4 loved the audio recording of themselves singing the 'Think it, Try it, Fix it, Share it' song (written especially for this project by Andrew). They have already found ways to improve their performance! For those who requested to hear it, enjoy! :-)
Click here to view the project website with Year 1 and 2 in Aberbargoed Primary School.


TYPENAME(varname)
Returns the data type of the variable as a string (String).
varnameThe data type name, expression or variable (Object).
REMARKS
* The string returned by this function is the class name.
* For an illustrated example refer to the TypeName Function page.
* You can use the VARTYPE function to return a number indicating the data type.
* The equivalent .NET function is Microsoft.VisualBasic.Information.TypeName
* For the Microsoft documentation refer to docs.microsoft.com
TypeName("String") = "String"
TypeName(1) = "Integer"
TypeName(10.4) = "Double"
TypeName(sTemp) = "String"
If TypeName(Application.Selection) = "Range" Then
End If
© 2019 Better Solutions Limited. All Rights Reserved. © 2019 Better Solutions Limited Top


Using a Controlled Atmosphere Glove Box with an exterior liquid nitrogen tank
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By Bob Applequist, Senior Application Specialist
On July 10, 2014 in Articles
Sometimes a simple question can make something seemingly complicated suddenly very simple and easy. When setting-up a Controlled Atmosphere Glove Box to achieve and maintain very low oxygen and moisture levels in the inert atmosphere, the question is: "What is your source of nitrogen?"
- A compressed nitrogen tank, (aka K -size cylinder of compressed nitrogen)
- A building supplied nitrogen originating from a big exterior liquid nitrogen tank
The Answer: "We have a large exterior tank filled with Liquid N2."
This answer addresses the issue of how much nitrogen you can use to simply flush a glove box to a "clean condition."
With a house supplied nitrogen gas system, you have pure physics on your side.
If all parties agree, you can simply connect a nitrogen gas line to a glove box manual valve, and exhaust the vent line through the glove box manual valve routed to a fume hood.
Then adjust the two valves to achieve a low-volume constant bleed of nitrogen gas passing through the glove box main chamber (maybe up to a liter a minute for first time clean-up, or lower for maintaining a specific ppm level of oxygen and moisture).
The constant flushing of pure nitrogen will dilute the glove box interior atmosphere to a very clean concentration.
This is advantageous on two levels.
1. There is no requirement for costly electronic pressure control accessories.
2. The operator will not spend time manipulating the electronic controls at the glove box to reduce the oxygen and moisture levels.
Set-up the constant bleed of nitrogen gas and you're done. Just walk away from the glove box. The disadvantages of this operation method are that the nitrogen gas is used constantly, and the constant flush purification/operation method is slow. But you get to spend your time on something more important than working the glove box main chamber pressure system.
Since you will still need to get materials in and out of the glove box main chamber, there is still a requirement for connecting a nitrogen gas line and a rotary vacuum pump to the transfer chamber's manual pressure control valves.
The transfer chamber on Labideal Glove Boxes.
can withstand an absolute vacuum level; therefore, cleaning up the transfer chamber goes quickly. The transfer chamber can be quickly evacuated down to -25 to -29 inches of mercury gauge pressure, and then refilled with nitrogen gas. With a clean transfer chamber, your materials can be moved into the main chamber without contaminating the main chamber atmosphere. The extreme vacuum level cleans up the transfer chamber and the materials quickly.
The total equipment list boils down to these three things:
1. Controlled Atmosphere Glove Box
2. Rotary Vacuum Pump
3. Tubing Kits
That's as simple as it gets!
We will be happy to hear your thoughts
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Yantra to Appease Ambika Devi
The Yantra described by me in this post is said to be a specific method of appeasing and invoking Ambika Devi. The worship of the Divine Mother Goddess as Ambika or Amba has been prevalent in the Hindu religion since the ancient times where she is visualized as the Adi-Shakti or the Primordial Deity.
Amba is another name or form of Durga Mata and is worshiped in this form by many Hindu Sadhaks, including some very advanced Shakti Sadhaks who have progressed higher on the spiritual path of evolution.
The name of Ambika Devi also features prominently in the Jain religion where she is sometimes described as a Yakshini or a female mystical being who provides security or Atma-Raksha to her devotees. Hindu and Jain scriptures contain quite a few legends and stories about Ambika Devi.
There are some diverse methods of worshiping Ambika Devi in both Hinduism and Jainism, including by way of specific Mantra Chants. The Yantra provided in this post is used in an experiment for invoking and making the Goddess manifest in-front of the devotee as per the writings of a Tantric text
The only information provided by the text is that the Yantra should be drawn 125, 000 times, sitting in the shade of a Mango tree, in order to invoke Ambika Devi. This means that the Yantra can be drawn on Bhojpatra using Ashtagandha Paste or on a piece of white colored paper using any kind of ink.
Hindu Occult Yantra to Appease Ambika Devi
Yantra to Appease Ambika Devi
Noteif the Sadhak suceeds in invoking the Goddess, the benefits will be immense, however it would be prudent to add that such paranormal experiments are only for advanced Sadhaks and Spiritualists who are well-versed with such most powerful and difficult Yantra-Mantra Experiments.
If any person has more information or knowledge about this experiment, kindly share your knowledge so as to benefit other readers.
 1. om aath bhuji ambika
 ek naam omkar
 khat darshan tribhuvan mein
 chanda surja do pramaan
 haath jod vinanti karum mam karo kalyan
 27/108 times a day
 practiacalexperience beneficial
 2. अंबा काली / दुर्गा का ही रूप है.
 सूर्य,गणेश,दुर्गा,शिव,विष्णु--ये पंचदेव कहे गये हैं.सभी धार्मिक कार्यों मे इनकी पूजा करने का विधान है.
 लेकिन इसके साथ ही यह तथ्य भी अपनी जगह है कि काली,तारा,चामुंडा,धूमावती,बगलामुखी,छिन्नमस्ता,उच्च्छिश्ट गणपति,नृ सिंह उग्र देवता हैं.इनकी उपासना मे त्रुटि नही होना चाहिए,तनिक सी भी भूल होकर बहुत बड़ी हानि हो सकती है.अत: उग्र देवता की उपासना से बचना चाहिए.
 3. Jai Ambe Maa,
 The post above mentions 27/108 times a day, I presume 27 means 27 days? Please advise
 Pranaam 🙏
 1. 27 is not mentioned in the post, I have mentioned that the only information given in the text is to draw the Yantra 125, 000 times.
 4. Thank you Sri Neel sir you reply me in your previous work on Anuragini I am very Happy you reply me you are very good man.Sri Neel sir in this ambika yantra I not properly understand sir.Neel sir in yantra second box is empty on empty box their need to write name of anything Please guide me please.AND Neel sir on first line second box down their is English latter b.? B on their sir please please reply me. I will wait for your reply. Dear Neel Sir.
 1. Yes, the box should be empty, nothing needs to be written there, the word in not b but a symbol resembling b.
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TY - JOUR T1 - Do family physicians know the costs of medical care? Survey in British Columbia. JF - Canadian Family Physician JO - Can Fam Physician SP - 263 LP - 270 VL - 50 IS - 2 AU - Allan, G Michael AU - Innes, Grant D Y1 - 2004/02/01 UR - _URL_ N2 - OBJECTIVE To determine the cost of 46 commonly used investigations and therapies and to assess British Columbia family doctors' awareness of these costs. DESIGN Mailed survey asking about costs of 23 investigations and 23 therapies relevant to family practice. A random sample of 600 doctors was asked to report their awareness of costs and to estimate costs of the 46 items. SETTING British Columbia. PARTICIPANTS Six hundred family physicians. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Estimates within 25% of actual cost were considered correct. Associations between cost awareness and respondents'characteristics (eg, sex, practice location) were sought. Degree of error in estimates was also assessed. RESULTS Overall, 283 (47.2%) surveys were returned and 259 analyzed. Few respondents estimated costs within 25% of true cost, and estimates were highly variable. Physicians underestimated costs of expensive drugs and laboratory investigations and overestimated costs of inexpensive drugs. Cost awareness did not correlate with sex, practice location, College certification, faculty appointment, or years in practice. CONCLUSION Family doctors in British Columbia have little awareness of the costs of medical care. ER -


text: Objectives In this study, we aimed to determine reference values for normal breast and areolar skin elasticity using shear wave elastography. Methods The right breasts of 200 female participants were evaluated. The age, weight, body mass index, menopausal status, and parity number of all participants were noted. The elasticity values and thickness of the areolar skin and 4 quadrants of the breast skin of all participants were measured. To assess the reproducibility of shear wave elastography, a randomly selected subgroup of 35 participants was reevaluated by a second observer. Results The mean age of the participants +/- SD was 48.79 +/- 10.74 years (range, 18-79 years). The mean elasticity measurements for the superior, inferior, lateral, and medial regions of the breast and areolar skin were 33.54, 29.84, 30.16, 29.20, and 31.35 kPa, respectively. The mean of the 4-quadrant measurements of breast skin elasticity was 30.68 +/- 9.11 kPa. Age had a moderate negative correlation with breast skin elasticity (r = -0.353; P <.001) and a weak negative correlation with areolar skin elasticity (r = -0.237; P =.001). The parity number had weak negative correlations with breast (r = -0.150; P =.034) and areolar (r = -0.207; P <.001) skin elasticity. The interobserver agreement varied from good to excellent (intraclass correlation coefficients, 0.67-0.91) for the breast and areolar skin elasticity measurements. Conclusions Shear wave elastography is a reproducible imaging modality for evaluations of breast and areolar skin elasticity, and our results may provide important pilot data for evaluations of clinical entities that affect the breast and areolar skin structures.


text:
Bible as cheap as a cup of coffee is hot seller in France
With an ad slogan like that and a price of only €1.50 ($2.20), the Bible has become a hot seller in France. In the last four months of 2007, French shoppers snapped up 200,000 copies of a new low-cost edition — as many as are usually sold in a year — in hypermarkets, a leading book chain and in religious bookshops. Another 300,000 have been bought in French-speaking Africa, Belgium, Canada and Switzerland.
The Geneva Bible Society says the new translation (only into French) is meant to be for those who've never read the Bible before. "The sentences are shorter and the vocabulary more understandable," its director Jean-Pierre Bezin told the French daily Le Parisien.
But isn't France such a secularised country? Frederic Lenoir, editor of Le Monde des Religions, said many French no longer believe in God or attend church but they could not ignore the role of Christianity in western culture. "There are many biblical references in films and books these days and they think it's useful to know the Bible," he said. "They wouldn't spend €25 to buy one, but they're tempted by €1.50."
The translation is called Segond 21, after the 19th-century Geneva theologian and Bible translator Louis Segond. The Geneva Bible Society has put two examples of it online in PDF — the Book of Isaiah and the Epistle to the Romans.
Buying a Bible just because it's so cheap sounds a bit odd. There are so many reasonably priced editions around that I'd think anyone who wanted one would be ready to pay for it. Would you buy a Bible only if it sold at rock-bottom prices?


Legal Word of the Day: Contemporaneous
Executive Summary
What is this word, contemporaneous?
In layman's terms it means recording information as it happens. A note recorded immediately after the event is a note recorded contemporaneously. A note recorded days, weeks, months, or years later is not.
How does this fit into my construction business?
Every day in your business you are building something and every day could be the day that you lose money, or do something wrong, and it becomes necessary to pursue another party for time or money, or worse, someone is coming after you for their lost time or money. Having evidence to support your position is critical.
Why is it important, and how do I use it?
It's important because it increases the quality of your evidence. Just like an excavator operator, they're not all the same. Some dig 500 feet a day of pipe, some dig 200 feet a day. But, they're both called operators. Same with evidence, the quality can make all the difference.
Those close to the matter in the field are keeping notes: on paper, on a tablet, via a phone camera, by email, and by text. All of this is good, and necessary; however, you having a picture taken the day that the general contractor didn't have the excavation dewatered for you, is much more powerful than a year later in deposition when the general contractor says that "we always had the subcontractor's work areas dewatered and ready to go". You had a picture of the excavation the day it wasn't dewatered – he didn't. You win.
My Story
Sometimes I've seen the word current in, say, the application of a "current schedule" to assess true delay impact. Use of the word current here is synonymous to contemporaneous. But, heck, let's face it, contemporaneous makes you sound a lot smarter than that other guy, and might loosen him up to getting out his checkbook since he thinks you've already talked with your attorney!
I recently spoke at a conference jointly with a partner of the construction law firm that has represented me for a couple decades. Although I've heard the word contemporaneous before, it never really resonated and stuck with me like it did during her use of the term. Now I pass it around all the time. Just like today, thanks for reading!
Work safe!


The Meaning Behind the Name
Live Fire:
The oldest, highest art of mastery in cooking, using an open flame to control the variables of temperature, taste, and texture.
A collective state of the people empowered by the people
Live Fire Republic:
The term Live Fire Republic best represents a global community of chef and home cooks, today and for thousands of years before, who create unique culinary experiences and prepare the most memorable fare using the application of open flame.


text:
Optimising ECOC matrices in multi-class classification problems
Merdivan, Erinç (2013) Optimising ECOC matrices in multi-class classification problems. [Thesis]
Error Correcting Output Coding (ECOC) is a multi-class classiffication technique in which multiple binary classiffiers are trained according to a preset code matrix, such that each one learns a separate dichotomy of the classes. While ECOC is one of the best solutions to multi-class problems, it is suboptimal since the code matrix and the base classiffiers are not learned simultaneously. In this thesis, we present three different algorithms that iteratively updates the ECOC code matrix to improve the performance of the ensemble by reducing the decoupling. Firstly, we applied the previously developed FlipECOC+ update algorithm. Second method is applying simulated annealing method on updating ECOC matrix by flipping proposed entries according to ascending order. Last method is applying beam search to find updated ECOC matrix which has highest validation accuracy. We applied all three algorithms on UCI (University of California Irvine) data sets. Beam search algorithm gives the best result on UCI data sets. All of the proposed update algorithms does not involve further training of the classiffiers and can be applied to any ECOC ensemble.
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How to Make a Freedom of Access Act Request
There is no central government records office that services Freedom of Access Act requests. Each public body or agency responds individually to requests for its own records. To submit a request, you should determine which public body or agency is likely to maintain the records you are seeking and submit a request to the individual designated as the Freedom of Access Act contact for that body or agency. Please refer to the State of Maine Freedom of Access Act Contacts list for individual contact information.
Is there a form that must be used to make a Freedom of Access Act request?
No. There are no required forms.
Does my Freedom of Access Act request have to be in writing?
No. The Freedom of Access Act does not require that requests for public records be in writing. However, most bodies and agencies ask individuals to submit requests in writing in order to maintain a record of when the request was received and what records were specifically requested.
What should I say in my request?
In order for the body, agency or official to promptly respond to your request, you should be as specific as possible when describing the records you are seeking. If a particular document is required, it should be identified precisely—preferably by author, date and title. However, a request does not have to be that specific. If you cannot identify a specific record, you should clearly explain the type of records you are seeking, from what timeframe and what subject the records should contain.
For example, assume you want to obtain a list of active landfills near your home. A request to the state Department of Environmental Protection asking for "all records on landfills" is very broad and would likely produce volumes of records. The fees for such a request would be very high; the agency would likely find your request too vague and ask that you make it more specific. On the other hand, a request for "all records identifying landfills within 20 miles of 147 Main Street in Augusta" is very specific and the request might fail to produce the information you desire because the agency has no record containing data organized in that exact fashion.
You might instead consider requesting any record that identifies "all active landfills in Augusta" or "all active landfills in Kennebec County." It is more likely that a record exists which contains this information. You might also want to explain to the agency exactly what information you hope to learn from the record. In other words, if you are really trying to determine whether any active landfills near your home in Augusta accept only wood waste, this additional explanation may help the agency narrow its search and find a record that meets the exact request.
More Frequently Asked Questions about FOAA


text:
Key Difference – Exome vs Transcriptome
A gene contains coding and non-coding regions within it. Coding sequences are known as exons, and non-coding sequences are known as introns. The nucleotide sequence of the exons of a gene represents the genetic code of the gene to synthesize the specific protein. Hence, exons remain in the mRNA molecule. The total exon region of the genome is known as exome, and it is an important part of the genome. The genetic code of the genes is converted into the genetic code of the mRNA molecule, which is needed for the production of protein. The entire mRNA molecules transcribed in a cell or a cell population at a time is known as a transcriptome. The key difference between exome and transcriptome is that exome represents the sequences of the exon regions of the genome while transcriptome represents the total mRNA of a cell or a tissue at a given time.
What is Exome?
Genes are composed of exons, introns and regulatory sequences. Exons are the gene regions which are transcribed into mRNA sequence during the transcription. Introns and other non-coding regions are removed during the transcription. The nucleotide sequence of exons determines the genetic code of the gene which synthesizes the specific protein it codes. Only exons remain within mRNA of a protein. The collection of exons in the genome is known as exome of an organism. It represents a part of the genome which is expressed in genes. In humans, exome accounts 1% from the genome. It is the protein-coding portion of the human genome.
What is Transcriptome?
The transcriptome is the collection of all protein-coding and non-coding transcripts (RNAs) in a given tissue. Transcriptome represents the collection of total mRNA molecules expressed by the genes in a cell or a tissue. The transcriptome of a cell can be varied with the transcriptome of another cell type. The transcriptome is also dynamic – it changes with time in response to both internal and external stimuli. Even within the same tissue or within the same cell type, transcriptome can change after few minutes.
Transcriptome differs from exome of an organism. Transcriptome includes only the expressed exome sequences. Though the exome of a cell remains the same, transcriptome differs among cells since gene expression is not same for all cells or tissues. Only essential genes are expressed in different cells and tissues. Gene expression is a tissue or cell type specific process. It is regulated by various factors including environmental factors. Therefore, transcriptome can vary with external environmental conditions.
Transcriptome is used as a precursor for proteomics studies. All proteins are derived from mRNA sequences. Translational modifications can result in the changes in proteins. However, transcriptome provides important basic information for the proteomic studies.
What is the difference between Exome and Transcriptome?
Exome vs Transcriptome
|Exome is the collection of protein-coding region of the genes.||Transcriptome is the collection of all transcribed RNA including mRNA.|
|Exome is studied using DNA sample.||Transcriptome is studied using an RNA sample.|
|Whole exome sequencing is the method of studying exome.||RNA sequencing is the method of studying transcriptome.|
Summary – Exome vs Transcriptome
Exons are the coding sequences of the genes and determine the mRNA sequences of the proteins. The collection of these coding sequences (exons) is known as exome of an organism. Genes are transcribed into mRNA molecules prior to making proteins. The total mRNA molecules of a cell or a tissue at any given time are known as transcriptome. Transcriptome represents the genes that are being actively expressed into mRNA at any given time. Transcriptome is cell and tissue specific and affects with the environmental conditions. This is the difference between exome and transcriptome.
1.Sarah et al, "Targeted Capture and Massively Parallel Sequencing of Twelve Human Exomes." Nature. U.S. National Library of Medicine, 10 Sept. 2009. Web. 01 Apr. 2017
2.Mutz et al. "Transcriptome analysis using next-generation sequencing." Elsevier: Article Locator. N.p., Sept. 2012. Web. 01 Apr. 2017
1."The transcriptome of pluripotent cells" By Grskovic, M. and Ramalho-Santos, M., The pluripotent transcriptome (October 10, 2008), StemBook, ed. The Stem Cell Research Community, StemBook, doi/10.3824/stembook.1.24.1, _URL_. – DirectStemBook Figure 2 The transcriptome of pluripotent cells.Grskovic, M. and Ramalho-Santos, M., The pluripotent transcriptome (October 10, 2008), StemBook, ed. The Stem Cell Research Community, StemBook, doi/10.3824/stembook.1.24.1, (CC BY 3.0) via Commons Wikimedia


text:
Riser Pressure Sensor
The stand pipe pressure sensor
Stand pipe pressure sensor is mainly used for measuring the riser pressure value. Can be used to measure slurry, cement, acid.
Working principle: mud acid, cement, through high pressure hose to transfer pressure source to the stand pipe pressure gauge and the recorder. The stand pipe pressure maximum pressure can reach 103 mpa.
1. When there is no lag linear pressure signal transmission, can protect the measuring or recording equipment from the erosion of working fluid.
2. Strong riser pressure sensor is used widely, realize to detect various did not work.
3. Robust design for outdoor brought convenient in maintenance and repair.
4. The connection flange type, screw type and welding structure.
5. You can choose the riser pressure sensor or 1:1 riser pressure sensor
|Pressure Sensor Diaphragm protector
|7 Mpa, 14 Mpa, 21Mpa, 35Mpa, 42Mpa,80Mpa, 100Mpa
|Standard export packing


WHO IS JONES? Why was this oldest bridge in the Philippines named Jones Bridge?
Puente de Espana, then Jones Bridge, to honor the man behind the Jones Act granting independence to the Philippine Islands.
WILLIAM ATKINSON JONES. Member of US House of Representatives from 1891 to 1918. Right about the same period when the US bought the Philippines from Spain for $20 million. Imagine that. US$20Million for 7,107 islands.
The Post Office Building and the Jones Bridge. Two landmarks rich in history.
Back to the question — why was the bridge named after Rep. William Atkinson Jones? Used to be called Puente de España since it was built in 1701 spanning over Pasig River and connecting Binondo to the core of the capital city of Manila. Originally done by Juan Arellano in the Neo-Classical design but destroyed and renamed Jones Bridge by the US Colonial Government in 1916 to honor the man who sponsored the bill, later enacted into law, granting independence to the Philippines. Bombed out in World War II, this formerly ornate arch bridge was yet again rebuilt but in simpler design after 1945. The oldest bridge in the country.
Not my copy. Credits to Old Manila Nostalgia.
When Jones died in 1918, the Philippines paid for the marker on his grave in gratitude for the Jones Act which granted Philippine Independence. So much history behind this bridge across Pasig River with a bonus grand view of yet another landmark, the Postal Office of Manila. Next time you head for Binondo or Chinatown and cross this bridge from Plaza Lawton, think Philippine Independence. 😉


text:
To address the problems of the indoor air quality deterioration and energy consumption, this study proposed the multi-function window combined with a ventilation system and solar photovoltaic blind. In this study, multi-objective optimization for determining the optimal design of the multi-function window was conducted along with nonlinearity analysis. The main findings can be summarized as follows. First, from the technical-environmental performance's perspective, the amount of solar radiation and wind volume entering the room were found to be key factors causing nonlinearity. In particular, the total energy consumption and indoor CO2 concentration decreased whereas the predicted percentage dissatisfied deteriorated with the increasing the size of the window ventilation system. Second, from the economic performance's perspective, the absolute and relative investment values showed nonlinear relationships with the amount of electricity generated and the total energy consumption. Especially, as the window ventilation system size increased, the absolute investment value decreased due to the reduced amount of electricity generated, and the relative investment value decreased except when the energy supply was larger than the energy demand. Finally, the window ventilation system size was most suitable when it was 3–5% of the multi-function window's size according to the orientation, from a holistic view of the technical-environmental-economic performance.
Bibliographical noteFunding Information:
This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT) (No. 2018R1A5A1025137 ).
© 2019 Elsevier Ltd
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
- Environmental Engineering
- Civil and Structural Engineering
- Geography, Planning and Development
- Building and Construction


text:
Energy development & water finance are the fastest growing areas of development finance nationwide. From new production facilities and renewable energy source development to the retrofitting and renovation of existing infrastructure to support efficient energy & water projects, this finance has become a driving force in the economic development community.
CDFA's Intro Energy & Water Finance Course explores the wide range of tools available for financing energy & water projects, including bonds, tax credits, revolving loan funds, grant programs, and more. This course will cover how new energy production/generation, energy efficiency, retrofitting and support programs are used throughout the country to encourage investment in large and small projects alike.
The Intro Energy & Water Finance Course begins with an overview of the complex energy development industry and introduces attendees to the terminology and technology driving this movement. We'll then examine the entire spectrum of energy financing solutions from bonds to revolving loan funds and innovative incentive programs available to businesses, home owners, development professionals, investors, and government entities.
Day two of the Intro Energy & Water Finance Course will focus on financing water infrastructure development. Because water financing has become one of the critical financing needs in the development finance industry, speakers will explore programs and resources available through the federal government to support water infrastructure development. This course is essential for public leaders, economic development professionals, financial experts, and anyone working to address energy development challenges.
It qualifies for the CDFA Training Institute's Development Finance Certified Professional (DFCP) Program. Participants may register for one, two, or three courses during CDFA Summer School. Complete three courses, and you will have fulfilled half of the requirements for the DFCP Program. Join us in Minneapolis, and start down the road to personal and professional advancement today.
The schedule for CDFA Summer School is outlined below. Click on the course name to learn more about the topic and agenda:
CDFA Summer School: Course Schedule
|By attending, you will:
- Gain knowledge and insight into the complex energy and water financing industries
- Learn about the application of state and federal finance programs for energy and water infrastructure
- Interact with leading development finance professionals from around the country
- Review best practices and case studies that can be implemented in your community
- Gain a greater understanding of the partnership opportunities for energy and water development
||You will learn through:
- Real life case studies
- Presentations from industry experts
|Topics covered include:
- Energy and water industry overviews
- Legal and regulatory considerations
- Understanding various financing programs for EE/RE and water sustainability initiatives
- Tax-exempt and taxable bonds for energy and water development
- Loan programs
- Tax credits and other incentive programs supporting energy and water infrastructure
- Innovative approaches and case studies
||Who should attend?
- Bond issuers
- Economic development professionals
- Community development professionals
- Broker, dealers and underwriters
- Elected officials
- Government and nonprofit finance officers
- Corporate trustees
- Legal counsel
- Commercial bankers
Agenda will be announced soon. Please check back frequently for more updates.
CDFA Summer School will be held at the Renaissance Minneapolis Hotel, The Depot. Located in the Gateway District, this hotel is at the center of downtown Minneapolis' most exciting new neighborhood.
Renaissance Minneapolis Hotel, The Depot
225 3rd Avenue South
Minneapolis, MN 55401
>>>Reserve Your Room
CDFA has arranged a significantly reduced room rate of $199.00 (plus tax) per night for a standard room (single or double occupancy). A select number of hotel rooms are available from August 7-12, 2017 at the reduced rate if reservations are made before July 13, 2017. This rate is not guaranteed if reservations are made after the cut-off date or if the hotel is sold-out. Please reserve your room early. For individual reservations call _PHONE_ and reference CDFA Summer School.
CDFA Summer School is a week long series of courses presented by the CDFA Training Institute. These courses qualify for the CDFA Training Institute's Development Finance Certified Professional (DFCP) Program. Participants may register for one, two, or three courses during CDFA Summer School. Complete three courses, and you will have fulfilled half of the requirements for the DFCP Program. Join us in Minneapolis, MN or CDFA Summer School, and start down the road to personal and professional advancement today.
Scholarships are available to attend this event. Learn more about the CDFA Scholarship Program, Presented by PFM and submit your application today.
Register before July 14, 2017 for Early-Bird Rates.
When you register for three courses during CDFA Summer School, you will receive a $200 discount off the total registration fee.
The registration fee for each course is displayed below. Click the Register button to view the total fees and discounts available for CDFA Summer School.
|Early-Bird Registration||Standard Registration|