hover over the others to see the names and associated keyboard shortcuts for each. The buttons are, from left to right:
 - Continue/Pause: Resume execution (when paused) or pause execution.
 - Step over: Execute the current line and move to the next line. Use this button to step through a file line by line.
 - Step in: When paused on a function call, you can use this button to step into that function. This can get a bit confusing if there are multiple function calls on one line, so just play around with it.
 - Step out: Run the current function to its return statement & step out to the line of code that invoked that function.
 - Restart: Stop your debugging session (kill your application) and start it again from the beginning. Use this after altering code.
 - Stop: Kill your application.
Watch Expressions
While stepping through your code, you may want to see the values of certain things. A "watch expression" will run (in the current scope!) at each paused/stopped position in your code and display the expression's value. Hover over the Watch Expression pane and click the plus to add an expression. To see the user agent header of each request as well as ourTitle, whether the response object has had headers sent, and the value of 1 + 1, just for good measure, so add the following watch expressions:
req.headers['user-agent']
ourTitle
res._headerSent
1 + 1
When you refresh the browser the debugger pauses once again at the breakpoint on line 7, you can see the result of each expression:
Image title
Call Stack
The Call Stack Pane shows the function calls that got you to the current position in the code when execution is paused and enables you to step back up that stack and examine the application state in earlier "frames." By clicking the frame below the current frame you can jump to the code that called the current function. In our case, the current frame is labeled (anonymous function) in index.js [7], and the one before that the handle function in layer.js, which is a component of the Express framework:
Image title
Note that the request handling function is unnamed, hence "(anonymous function)." "Anonymous function?!" What's that? Who knows! Moral: always name your functions!
Stepping down into the Express framework is not something I do every day, but when you absolutely need to understand how you got to where you are, the Call Stack Pane is very useful!
One especially interesting use of the Call Stack Pane is to examine variables at earlier points in your code's execution. By clicking up through the stack, you can see what variables those earlier functions had in their scope, as well as see the state of any global variables at that point in execution.
All This and More…
There are many more features of the interactive debugger than I went over here, but this is enough to get you started. To learn more, take a look at the excellent documentation from Microsoft on the VS Code Debugger and using it with Node.js. Oh, and I should probably mention that all the debugging features outlined here (and more) are built-in to Firefox as well as Chrome, should you wish to use them on browser-based code. Happy Debugging!
There's no specific term I've found for this common collection of application debugging tools so I'm using the term "interactive debugging" in this article.
Create data driven applications in Qlik's free and easy to use coding environment, brought to you in partnership with Qlik.
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node.js ,web dev ,debugging
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text:
A Water Pricing Model for Lake Texanaby Stuart R. Wilson, HDR Engineering, Inc, United States,
Ronald E. Anderson, HDR Engineering, Inc, United States,
Document Type: Proceeding Paper
Part of: Optimizing the Resources for Water Management
Abstract: Faced with water sales and recreation revenues insufficient to service the project debt, the Lavaca-Navidad River Authority (L-NRA), operators of Lake Texana, decided upon a novel approach to the marketing of its surface water supply to municipal and industrial customers. Realizing that many potential water customers were: 1) satisfied with their current ground water supplies but facing the task of planning for future growth; and 2) concerned about the costs of investing in a surface water supply system, the L-NRA authorized the preparation of a computer-based water pricing model. The model would allow a potential surface water customer (or group of customers) to obtain a quick estimate of the cost of delivered water for a wide variety of supply scenarios.
Subject Headings: Hydrologic models | Surface water | Client relationships | Water supply systems | Pricing | Terrain models | Municipal water
Services: Buy this book/Buy this article
Return to search

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
The City of Westfield Parks Department utilized land from an approximately 2-acre wetland mitigation site as a passive wetland park. Williams Creek Management provided design/build services for the park, which was developed with the intent of natural flood control and water quality improvement for Cool Creek. The project was privately funded by a local developer due to federally regulated wetland impacts.
Liberty Park was designed to allow floodwater from Cool Creek to enter the wetland, providing a place for sediment deposition, nutrient removal through the wetland anaerobic processes, and possible connection of fragmented ecological habitats that would allow for the re-establishment of valuable wildlife corridors.
Williams Creek provided turnkey wetland mitigation construction, installation, and long-term preservation services.


pattern?
The idea of continuum of Data, Information, Knowledge and Wisdom is a faimilar concept. But the concept is subjective. Look at the following analysis in Data Mining
This raises some serious questions for data mining. You may wonder,"What makes a pattern interesting? Can data mining system generate all of the interesting patterns? can a data mining system generate only interesting patterns? "
To Answer first question, a pattern is interesting if (1) it is easily understood by humans,(2)valid on new or test data with some degree of certainty,(3) potentially useful, (4)novel. A pattern is also interesting if it validates the hypothesis user sought to confirm. An interesting pattern represents the knowledge.
Subjective interestingness measures find patterns interesting if they are unexpected and actionable.
Here is a relevant paper
Now if you look at how interestingness is defined it is all subjective. There was absolutely no reason why Google's algorithm should necessarily give the best results. Once again, of all the algorithms out there, there was no reason why results of page rank algorithms necessarily should satisfy the interestingness criteria for searching web pages using keywords.
I think they just got lucky!
It is 1% inspiration, the 99% perspiration
I strongly believe that innovation is like an iceberg.A publicly spectacular innovation is supported by invisible foundation of infrastructure and raw repositories of ideas and enthusiasm.These books are by far the closest coming to my conception of innovation.
Origins of Genius: Darwinian Perspectives on CreativityWhere Good Ideas Come From: The Natural History of Innovation
The reason why google is google,is because of their infrastructure.
Google File System,
 Google Map Reduce
Straight from the horse's mouth
Here is a series of lectures by google


text:
ISTANBUL - Anatolia News Agency
The Ottomans' popular drink, sherbet, known for its healing effects, has been increasingly forgotten over time and is now largely consumed ceremonially in Ramadan
The restaurant prepares some 100 types
of traditional Ottoman sherbet and offers 15-20 types a day to its customers. AA photos
Sherbet, once the most popular Ottoman drink, has been essentially relegated to symbolic consumption during the holy month of Ramadan even though it is a healthier alternative to today's soft drinks, according to one restaurant proprietor.
"People of all ages are drinking soft drinks which are very harmful. We are trying to keep the sherbet tradition alive in our restaurant," Abdullah Korun, general director of Istanbul's 123-year-old restaurant Hacı Abdullah Lokantası, recently old Anatolia news agency. "We prepare nearly 100 types of sherbet but we serve 15 to 20 types a day to our customers. Restaurants should keep such natural drinks rather than soda drinks."
During the time of the Ottomans, there were roughly 300 types of sherbets made from various fresh flowers and fruits such as rose, lily, jasmine, silverberry, lotus, violet and others. Today, this traditional drink is still kept alive in modern life but with fewer types. Korun said sherbet was one of the most important products both in the kitchen of the palace and the public in the past.
The director of the restaurant, which was opened during the era of Abdülhamit II, said sherbet, made from dried and cold stewed fruits, was a favorite and irreplaceable drink, particularly during the holy month of Ramadan. "In the past, there were no refrigeration systems like fridges and sherbet was prepared and consumed daily," he added. Forgotten through time
Korun said the Ottomans' sherbet began to be forgotten through time. "Almost all housewives in Ottoman times used to prepare canned foods, pickles and sherbet in their house, but today, since women are involved in social and business life, this tradition is disappearing," he said.
He said it was consumed both in winter and summer during Ottoman times since it had a significant place in social life. "People used to benefit from natural methods to avoid diseases in the past. But in Ottoman times, people used to drink sherbet to protect themselves from diseases. Of course, the medicine sector was not developed that much and there were not too many types of diseases. This is why sherbet was the most important medicine," Korun said.
Cranberry, quince, black mulberry and wild strawberry sherbets are particularly good for tonsil problems and cold, he said.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text: Abstract The influence of a single row plantation of Acacia nilotica on the growth and productivity of agricultural crops was assessed in the arid regions of Haryana, India with Triticum aestivum (wheat), Trifolium alexandrinum (barseem), Cicer arietinum (chickpea) and Gossypium hirsutum (cotton) being raised on the southern side of tree belt. Crop density, biomass production (of shoot and root), crop growth (in terms of shoot and root length) and yield of all the four crops increased with increasing distance from the tree canopy. A direct negative correlation (correlation coefficient value 0·9 or above in the majority of characters) between parameters studied and the distance from the tree was noticed. The maximum affect was observed in shoot biomass (reduced by 58, 42, 42, and 41% in T. aestivum, T. alexandrinum, C. arietinum and G. hirsutum, respectively) and minimum affect was on root growth. Yield reduction due to trees up to 15 m distance was 37·8, 49·0, 40·6 and 34·4% in T. aestivum, T. alexandrinum, C. arietinum and G. hirsutum, respectively. It is suggested that farmers holding small parcels of land should not grow crops in association with A. nilotica trees under arid conditions.


text:
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Prospect Gardens Park
10940 S. Prospect Ave.
Chicago, IL 60643
Botanical Garden: Picnic, Walk
In 1872, when developers were platting the early suburb of Morgan Park, they set aside nearly three acres of property on Prospect Avenue as parkland. In 1905, the Village of Morgan Park transferred the property to the Calumet Park District. In 1906, the Calumet Park District officially designated the park, originally known as Prospect Park, Prospect Gardens. The District adopted a park plan designed by noted landscape architect Jens Jensen; among Jensen's creations was a lily pond begun in 1909. The Chicago Park District took control of Prospect Gardens in 1934, when the 22 park boards were consolidated into a unified district.


text:
What's wrong with the critical functionality curve for resilience?
The critical functionality curve (CFC) is a visual representation of resilience that maps the function of an infrastructure system (e.g., water provision) over time to show loss and recovery of services during disruptive events. In the last decade, the CFC has become one of the most popular models for infrastructure resilience because it corresponds to well-established definitions of risk and emergency management practices. The CFC is also the basis for many quantitative measures of resilience by measuring the difference between service provision during normal and disrupted operations. Despite its popularity, the CFC is rarely used to map the events of real infrastructure crises and is only used to explain resilience concepts or to measure the output of theoretical models. This means the CFC remains unvalidated in practice and associated quantitative measures of resilience may not provide expected decision support. In this work, we overview events in 2017 when the tallest dam in the United States, the Oroville dam, nearly collapsed and produce a variety of CFCs for the event. We find quantitative measures of resilience are sensitive to the choice of critical function (e.g., water storage vs. water release) and timescale of the event, confounding resilience assessment. More importantly, we find any insight gained from the CFC relies on outdated assumptions about dam infrastructure that do not represent the adaptive actions that saved the dam. Taken together, we conclude that the CFC is an inappropriate model for resilience by encouraging the wrong interpretation of the events at Oroville and masking understandings that may promote adaptive capacity to future crises.
Copyright (c) 2019 Daniel Eisenberg, David Alderson, Thomas Seager
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.


text:
Vitim volcanThe Vitim Plateau volcano is a vast volcanic field northeast of the Baikal Lake. Cinder cones and associated lava flows are spread over an area of about 10,000 sq km.
Introduction:Volcanism in the Vitim Plateau dates back to the Miocene. The most voluminous activity was between the Miocene and the Pleistocene. A second second phase occurred during the Pleistocene and Holocene.
Most of the volcanic centers are located in the NW part of the volcanic field, parallel to the axial part of the Baikal Rift Zone, which lies about 200 km to the west. Mantle zenoliths are found in several locations.
Source: Smithsonian Institution / GVP
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text:
This work presents the design, analysis and implementation of the first sub-linear searchable symmetric encryption (SSE) protocol that supports conjunctive search and general Boolean queries on symmetrically-encrypted data and that scales to very large data sets and arbitrarily-structured data including free text search. To date, work in this area has focused mainly on single-keyword search. For the case of conjunctive search, prior SSE constructions required work linear in the total number of documents in the database and provided good privacy only for structured attribute-value data, rendering these solutions too slow and inflexible for large practical databases.
In contrast, our solution provides a realistic and practical trade-off between performance and privacy by efficiently supporting very large databases at the cost of moderate and well-defined leakage to the outsourced server (leakage is in the form of data access patterns, never as direct exposure of plaintext data or searched values). A key aspect of our protocols is that it allows the searcher to pivot its conjunctive search on the estimated least frequent keyword in the conjunction. We show that a Decisional Diffie-Hellman (DDH) based pseudo-random function can be used not just to implement search tokens but also to hide query access pattern of non-pivot, and hence possibly highly frequent, keywords in conjunctive queries. We present a formal cryptographic analysis of the privacy and security of our protocols and establish precise upper bounds on the allowed leakage.
To demonstrate the real-world practicality of our approach, we provide performance results of a prototype applied to several large representative data sets.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Take the 2-minute tour ×
This question is the outcome of a few naive thoughts, without reading the proof of Gelfand-Neumark theorem.
Given a compact Hausdorff space $X$, the algebra of complex continuous functions on it is enough to capture everything on its space. In fact, by the Gelfand-Neumark theorem, it is enough to consider the commutative C*-algebras instead of considering compact Hausdorff spaces.
The important thing here is that $C*$-algebras have a complex structure. The real structure is not enough. Given the algebra $C(X, \mathbb R) \oplus C(X, \mathbb R)$ of real continuous functions on $X$, the algebra $C(X, \mathbb{C})$ is simply the direct sum $C(X, \mathbb R) \oplus C(X, \mathbb R)$, as a Banach algebra(and this can be given a complex structure, (seeing it as the complexification...)). But to obtain a C*-algebra, we need an additional C*-algebra, and the obvious way, ie, defining $(f + ig)$* $= (f - ig)$ does not work out. More precisely, the C* identity does not hold.
So one cannot weaken (as it stands) the condition in the Gelfand-Neumark theorem that we need the algebra of complex continuous functions on the space $X$, since we do need the C* structure. Of course, this is without an explicit counterexample. Which brings us to:
Qn 1. Please given an example of two non-homeomorphic compact Hausdorff spaces $X$ and $Y$ such that the function algebras $C(X, \mathbb R)$ and $C(Y, \mathbb R)$ are isomorphic(as real Banach algebras)?
(Here I am hoping that such an example exists).
Then again,
Qn 2. From the above it appears that the structure of complex numbers is involved when the algebra of complex functions captures the topology on the space. So how exactly is this happening?
(The vague notions concerning this are something like: the complex plane minus a point contains nontrivial $1$-cycles, so perhaps the continuous maps to the complex plane might perhaps capture all the information in the first homology, etc..)..
Note : Edited in response to the answers. Fixed the concerns of Andrew Stacey, and changed Gelfand-Naimark to Gelfand-Neumark, as suggested by Dmitri Pavlov.
share|improve this question
If you know a little algebraic geometry, an exercise toward the end of chapter 1 in Atiyah-Macdonald walks you through an attractive proof that a CH space is determined by its ring of real valued functions. What the C* algebra formalism gets you in this context is the "image" of the functor $X \mapsto C(X, \mathbb{C})$ from CH spaces to $\mathbb{C}$-algebras. It is possible to formulate an analogous condition for $\mathbb{R}$-algebras, but the entire theory is more awkward (though more powerful in some ways!). – Paul Siegel May 25 '10 at 23:48
Let me try to justify my last remark. Aside from the awkwardness of the definition, the Bott periodicity theorem for the K-theory of real C* algebras has period 8 rather than period 2 in the complex case, and thus many arguments are much more arduous. But there is also room for more subtlety. For example, the complex structure of C* algebras is at some level responsible for the fact that the Atiyah Singer index theorem is most naturally formulated for even dimensional manifolds. One way to formulate an odd dimensional analogue is to use real C* algebras. This is not without applications. – Paul Siegel May 25 '10 at 23:57
_USER_: That is a nice exercise, but I am confused by "If you know a little algebraic geometry". I guess you mean because of the topology placed on the maximal ideal space? Also, thanks for addressing some differences between the real and complex case. _USER_: In spite of Paul's comments, I must say I'm a little confused by the noncommutative-geometry tag in light of the fact that there is nothing noncommutative in your question. – Jonas Meyer May 26 '10 at 2:40
_USER_: In AM, $X$ is recovered from $C(X)$ as the subspace of $Spec(C(X))$ (with the Zariski topology) consisting of maximal ideals. So the exercise requires a casual familiarity with $Spec$, which one usually accumulates via AG. For what it's worth, I support the NCG tag for this question. I don't always work directly with NC C*-algebras in a substantial way, but I usually tell people I work in NCG because I often use $C(X)$ as a proxy for $X$. Maybe I am "mistagging" myself. :) – Paul Siegel May 26 '10 at 14:03
Makes sense. This isn't the first time I've heard of someone working in commutative NCG, but I still appreciate the novelty. – Jonas Meyer May 26 '10 at 19:34
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3 Answers
up vote 4 down vote accepted
Here is a slightly different, perhaps simpler take on showing that $C(X,\mathbb{R})$ determines $X$ if $X$ is compact Hausdorff. For each closed subset $K$ of $X$, define $\mathcal{I}_K$ to be the set of elements of $C(X,\mathbb{R})$ that vanish on $K$. The map $K\mapsto\mathcal{I}_K$ is a bijection from the set of closed subsets of $X$ to the set of closed ideals of $C(X,\mathbb{R})$. Urysohn's lemma and partitions of unity are enough to see this, with no complexification, Gelfand-Neumark, or (explicitly) topologized ideal spaces required. I remember doing this as an exercise in Douglas's Banach algebra techniques in operator theory in the complex setting, but the same proof works in the real setting.
Here are some details in response to a prompt in the comments. (Added later: See Theorem 3.4.1 in Kadison and Ringrose for another proof. Again, the functions are assumed complex-valued there, but you can just ignore that, read $\overline z$ as $z$ and $|z|^2$ as $z^2$, to get the real case.)
I will take it for granted that each $\mathcal{I}_K$ is a closed ideal. This doesn't require that the space is Hausdorff (nor that $K$ is closed). Suppose that $K_1$ and $K_2$ are unequal closed subsets of $X$, and without loss of generality let $x\in K_2\setminus K_1$. Because $X$ is compact Hausdorff and thus normal, Urysohn's lemma yields an $f\in C(X,\mathbb{R})$ such that $f$ vanishes on $K_1$ but $f(x)=1.$ Thus, $f$ is in $\mathcal{I}_{K_1}\setminus\mathcal{I}_{K_2}$, and this shows that $K\mapsto \mathcal{I}_K$ is injective. The work is in showing that it is surjective.
Let $\mathcal{I}$ be a closed ideal in $C(X,\mathbb{R})$, and define $K_\mathcal{I}=\cap_{f\in\mathcal{I}}f^{-1}(0)$, so that $K_\mathcal{I}$ is a closed subset of $X$. Claim: $\mathcal{I}=\mathcal{I}_{K_\mathcal{I}}$.
It is immediate from the definition of $K_\mathcal{I}$ that each element of $\mathcal{I}$ vanishes on $K_\mathcal{I}$, so that $\mathcal{I}\subseteq\mathcal{I}_{K_\mathcal{I}}.$ Let $f$ be an element of $\mathcal{I}_{K_\mathcal{I}}$. Because $\mathcal{I}$ is closed, to show that $f$ is in $\mathcal{I}$ it will suffice to find for each $\epsilon>0$ a $g\in\mathcal{I}$ with $\|f-g\|_\infty<3\epsilon$. Define $U_0=f^{-1}(-\epsilon,\epsilon)$, so $U_0$ is an open set containing $K_\mathcal{I}$. For each $y\in X\setminus U_0$, because $y\notin K_\mathcal{I}$ there is an $f_y\in \mathcal{I}$ such that $f_y(y)\neq0$. Define $$g_y=\frac{f(y)}{f_y(y)}f_y$$ and $U_y=\{x\in X:|g_y(x)-


text:
Count Me In! Campaign
The Spring 2020 Count Me In! Challenge
As part of ECC's Count Me In! Campaign, faculty are challenged to tie one of their lessons during the Spring 2020 semester to the 2020 Census. Faculty are encouraged to find a way to tie the skills/content/knowledge of one of their lessons to some facet or element of the United States Census and to mention the Count Me In! Campaign to their students.
This does not mean that you have to be an expert on the census or American governmental policies. Possible entry points are topics like surveys, government funding, the connection between local communities and federal government, what defines a region, misinformation, civic duties, and more. Be as creative as you like in trying to somehow connect one class to data, discussion, questions, practices, or something tied to the census.
Then, post your name, the date of your post, and a short (2-3 sentence) summary of the lesson on the Googledoc below. Feel free to take inspiration from others as you work, and ask your colleagues or Tyler Roeger, Director of CETL, _EMAIL_ for ideas.


Class MetricsType (2.32.0)
MetricsType(value)
A type that determines how metrics should be interpreted.
Enums
Name Description
METRICS_TYPE_UNSPECIFIED The metrics type is unspecified. By default, metrics without a particular specification are for leaf entity types (i.e., top-level entity types without child types, or child types which are not parent types themselves).
AGGREGATE Indicates whether metrics for this particular label type represent an aggregate of metrics for other types instead of being based on actual TP/FP/FN values for the label type. Metrics for parent (i.e., non-leaf) entity types are an aggregate of metrics for their children.


text:
Alix Gerber is the Louis D. Beaumont Visiting Assistant Professor in the Sam Fox School. After working as a user-centered researcher and studying transdisciplinary design at Parsons in New York City, Gerber has been experimenting with a practice of Participatory Speculation through the development of a course called Radical Design, as well as the Futures of Public Safety project. Participatory Speculation is a critical and collaborative design practice based in a strong belief in the value of every person's experiences and perspectives. Rather than solving problems—as we often expect from design strategy—it strives to question the systems and ideologies around us by imagining many different futures, each based in a different world view. Projects involve creating artifacts from these potential futures that provoke in-depth dialogue about what we want here and now.
Work by students in Gerber's Radical Design course, as well as the exhibit Futures of Public Safety, featuring work inspired by the future visions of St. Louis residents, will be on view November 13-15 in Steinberg Hall Gallery.
For inquiries regarding this event, please contact _EMAIL_


text:
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Our teams in the fields of architecture, civil engineering, and building services engineering cover all aspects of facilities planning and operations in our hospitals, medical centers, and other health care facilities.
At Fresenius, architects' responsibilities include handling the technical aspects of construction management for hospitals and health care facilities, from design to preparing and submitting permit applications and execution planning. They perform hospital planning as well as design development and detailed planning for our international health care projects. They are also tasked with managing awards and tenders.
As project managers, architects ensure that processes run smoothly and monitor schedules, costs, and quality. They analyze and evaluate new projects, existing building structures, and maintenance operations.
Degree in architecture or civil engineering or a comparable engineering field
Civil engineers are responsible for the site management of hospitals and health care facilities. Whether a building is being constructed, renovated, or modernized, the civil engineer's scope of work extends from project management to the evaluation of structural defects.
It also includes developing recommendations for the correction of construction defects and monitoring their implementation. Civil engineers have budget responsibilities in the planning phase and during the process of receiving tenders and awarding external contracts.
Architect or Civil Engineer
Degree in (civil) engineering or architecture
Building Services Engineering is responsible for the administration and maintenance of the mechanical, electrical, and technical systems of the hospitals and other medical buildings belonging to the Fresenius Group. This ensures the smooth technical operation of the hospitals and health care facilities. To this end, continuous monitoring and a detailed maintenance strategy are necessary. Specific responsibilities in Building Services Engineering include working on needs analysis and planning for office and laboratory facilities, checking planned building services capacities and collaboration with the architects.


Scop of MA English literature and linguistics in Pakistan
Pakistan is a progressing country. We have been teaching English as Second language to our students. So, Everyone is curious about the scope of the Master or BS level degree in English in Pakistan. I have explained in detail the concepts associated with the scope of bs in English or MA in English in Pakistan.
Bs and MA english literature and linguistics scope
Scope of BS English / MA English in Pakistan
The difference between MA English and BS English is very minor. BS in English Literature and Linguistics is equal to a Master in English literature and linguistics.
 So, both degrees have the same scope and importance in Pakistan.
Is BS English / MA English a good degree?
MA English is the best degree to choose at master level, it not only polishes your reading and writing abilities but also gives you the best options in your career.
It's not because it is an international language, the main reason is that it is our official language used at educational institutes and courts.
English is a mandatory language for almost every job and a master's degree in English opens several upcoming opportunities.
You can read details about MA English syllabus and subjects in a separate post on this blog.
The degree is of two years offered by several universities and you can attempt it as a private student. The admission criteria differ for each institution but it basically depends upon the graduation marks. You will cover both classical and modern English in these two years.
If you are not interested in English, you can choose a subject from a list of all subjects for Private MA and do an MA in any subjects you want.
Jobs and Careers after MA English
After getting a master's degree in MA English you can show excellence in various fields. A master of the English language is unbeatable in communication skills.
Many companies and firms demand persons to handle national and international communication with clients. If you are holding a degree in MA English following are the major careers you can adopt.
You can do the following jobs after MA English in Pakistan:
1. Teaching:
The first best career for a person who has his major in English is to be a teacher. You can try into the government sector after having a professional education degree.
Teaching at different levels like school, college or a coaching center is a very respectable job. You can attend international teaching seminars to get a job at the best educational institutes.
Instead of traditional teaching, you can work as a remote teacher to help out students in learning English. You can also start writing or spoken English program and teach students online.
This not only makes you in ease but also you can charge a handsome fee for international students.
2. Freelancing:
People are usually looking for a remote job. If you have an English degree your excellence in writing and communication gives you a high opportunity here.
You can work as a Virtual Assistant for different persons. All you need to make an account on a Freelancing platform, make a grabbing profile, get clients, and work anytime and from anywhere.
You can work more than a Virtual Assistant, a Freelance Writer, or a Rewriter, more than it you can do academic research for clients. If you have a good voice, you can also work as an English Voiceover artist.
3. Professional Writer:
Every proposal and record are present in a well-mannered written format in most companies. Different businesses and companies demand a proposal to be properly documented and written in a defined form.
Major companies hire specialists to write their letters, professional E-mails to the clients, and proposals to be documented. A person having a master's in English should try this job.
4. Articulate at a Company:
In the industry, companies need to communicate with each other and with clients. This communication not only confined to document sharing but sometimes it needs to have personal meetings and conversations to attend.
Employees having a high command of their work sometimes lose clients because of poor attitude in communication.
Companies then give jobs to specialists who can handle verbal communication at offices. An English degree holder is the best person to act as a verbal assistant at a company.
5. Content Writer:
This is the era of technology; everything is moving online. Business, firms, and associations are building their Websites and Webpages to reach out to more clients. They need persons to write their content on their websites, day by day changes and writings are required for several areas of a Website.
You can work as a content writer for more than one company. International companies also offer online jobs as Content Writer remotely.
These companies not only offer a good package but also you get experience and can reach out to more clients.
6. Civil Services Jobs and Tests
If you have enough command on English and good at writing skills you can go for a civil service exam like CSS and PMS.
A person with a strong background in English finds it a great option for their future as they have a good knowledge of literature and history. These White-Collar jobs are not only highly paid but also give you a strong position at working place.
BS English is good for CSS as it gives you an excellent writing skill in English. Moreover, you have a sound knowledge of English language and literature which helps you a lot in CSS.
You can read my other post on a Complete guide and information about CSS.
7. Editor:
If you have a high command of English you can work as an Editor at different places. Many offices, law firms, educational institutes, publishing houses, and newspaper publishing places requires a highly skilled and professional editor.
As a MA English degree holder, you can work as an Editor at these places.
Moreover, you can also work as a script editor, web content editor, and indifferent magazine publishing company. Many offices related to publishing also need editors to refine their work.
8. Journalist:
Another well-paid job is being a journalist or to join a media center either print or electronic media. As an MA English degree holder, you can well describe the facts using catching words than others.
You can do research, edit content, write news stories; for magazines, journals, newspapers, and for online media places. You can also join media places as an anchorperson as you have proficient skills in English.
But for journalism, you need to have a good vocabulary, high command on word usage, and expressive in your writing.
Related post: Scope of mass communication in Pakistan
9. English Learning Academy:
If you want to be a self-employer after getting a MA English degree, you have your option. Many people are searching for an English academy or a tutor.
Open your own academy, arrange classes for both English speaking and writing. Both courses are always in demand as people wanted to improve their English skills. You will get a handsome income from this self-employment job.
10. Translator, Proofreader etc
You can apply for this job. You also join Fivver to get you the order for this service. People will hire you to do the translation, proofreading and other content manipulation jobs. But being a success on Fivver is not easy. You can read our post which will help you get your first order on Fivver with simple tips and tricks
Benefits of MA English in Pakistan
The best advantage of having an English degree is that you have a hold on grammar and writing capabilities. This opens a lot of options as you can write whatever you want and covert your ideas in an efficient manner.
If you have some knowledge about SEO, you can also start your website or write articles for others. You can work as a reporter, an Urdu translator, proofreader, and much more.
MA English or BS English salary in Pakistan
The salary of MA English or BS English depends upon the nature of Job and the scope of the company in which you are working.
The salary of an English teacher at secondary level is usually between Rs 20,000 to Rs 30,000. But the colleges offer a higher salary between Rs 30,000-50,000 to English teachers.
Similarly, if you do content editing and translation and proofreading jobs, you may get Rs 30,000 to Rs 50,000 in a month easily.
I hope you will like this article as it covers all the major fields which well suited for a person having its major degree in English. The scope of BS English and MA English is good in Pakistan but it all depends upon your hard work and secondary skills.
You may like to read more about these topics by following the links below:
1. What to do after BA in Pakistan
Post a Comment


text:
The San Antonio River floods on this day in 1921, killing 51 people and causing millions of dollars in damages. The flood was caused by some of the heaviest rainfall ever recorded in Texas.
The San Antonio River winds through southwest Texas, an area that is generally dry. However, on September 7, a storm stalled over the town of Taylor and dumped an astounding 23.11 inches of rain on the area in less than a day. It was the heaviest single day of rainfall in the state to that time.
The immense amount of rain quickly overwhelmed the river. Taylor is located 30 miles upstream from San Antonio, so the resulting flash flood went barreling toward the city. Most of the victims were trapped in their cars by the surprise flood and drowned. Five to 10 feet of water submerged the city's streets, delaying an evacuation.
The city was under water for nearly a week following the flood. The flood was responsible for at least $5 million in damages in the then-small city. In the aftermath, San Antonio embarked on a 10-year overhaul of its levee system.


text:
Clay Brick construction project
The aim of the clay brick construction project is to build a training centre as a model project in the region in order to revive the traditional clay construction method with modern technology by:
- Training a construction team on the Hydraform machine.
- Employing the construction team in the region for renovation and new construction projects.
- Creating jobs for the many young people looking for work.
- Improving living conditions in the town and surroundings.
For this purpose, a Hydraform m7mi machine for the production of clay bricks was purchased and a workshop was built. The Hydraform technique originates from South Africa and makes it possible to build faster and more cost-effectively with clay and little mortar. Currently 15 people are undergoing training.


Plane Angle
The plane angle a is determined by the length of the arc a and the radius r. The biggest plane angle obtains for a full circle (2πr) over 2π.
Solid Angle
Analogously, the solid angle Ω describes the size of a sector in three-dimensional space. It is the product of area A and the square of radius r². The biggest solid angle obtains for a spherical surface (4πr²) over 4π.


text:
What is special about the gene?
THIS EVENT HAS NOW TAKEN PLACE
A one day arts and humanities interdisciplinary symposium
Tuesday 11 September 2007, Cardiff University
- David Amigoni - English literature
- Roberta Bivins - Historian
- Tim Ingold - Anthropologist
- Lenny Moss - Philosopher
- Alison Wray - Linguistic theorist
The gene seems to have captured the public imagination and to exercise a fascination and symbolic influence in many fields outwith the context of its scientific discovery and usage. Like the atom, and a few other scientifically-derived concepts, the gene appears to overflow with secondary metaphors, entailments and projections that have significance for individuals, groups, activities and worldviews well beyond the laboratory bench. Possibly the symbolic traction of this concept/symbol will make it as significant in human social thought, imagination, and development as the notion of evolution itself.
This symposium for 30-40 participants forms part of an ongoing project looking at the symbolic and cultural significance and meanings of the gene and genetics. It aims to harness arts and humanities insights and methods into a dialogue about understanding the significance of the gene. It is also concerned with the impact the gene and genetics might have on the shaping of arts and humanities disciplines and the things that they seek to understand and study.
The six main presenters at this symposium, all leading arts and humanities scholars drawn from a range of disciplines such as literature, history, religious studies, anthropology, linguistics, and philosophy, have been invited, from their own disciplinary perspective, to address the question, What, if anything, is special about the gene? They will do this having regard to the need to take specific examples, and to address an interdisciplinary audience. While humanities academics will be the main presenters, other participants will come from a range of scientific and humanities disciplines to enrich critique and dialogue. Scholars who have so far accepted invitations to make presentations include: Professor Tim Ingold FBA (anthropologist), Professor Alison Wray (linguistic theorist), Professor Lenny Moss (philosopher), Dr Roberta Bivins (historian).
This will be a very exciting and unusual interdisciplinary event, bringing together scholars from all the main humanities disciplines to extend their insights and methods beyond their usual audiences and topics. If you would like to attend, please complete and return the registration form. There is a registration fee of £10 to cover meals and refreshments. The event is subsidised by the School of English, Communication and Philosophy.
Further details of the symposium are available from the contacts below.


text:
Blegoš, at 1563 m high, represents the highest peak of the Škofja Loka Hills. Here the upper border of the forest is extremely low, hardly reaching a height of 1500 m. Blegoš is well known for its fauna and flora.
A carpet of rhododendrons spreads above the forest, where in between clustered bunches of mountain knapweed grow, and mountain orchids thrive on the grassy turf. There are so many that Blegoš could be called the mountain of orchids. The concrete fortifications of the Rupnik line at the top of Blegoš date back to before the Second World War. At that time Blegoš was one of the major strongholds in the military system of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia against Italy.


Difference between revisions of "Implement interface contracts"
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[[Category:CLASP Activity]]
[[Category:CLASP Activity]]
[[Category:BP4 Implement secure development practices]]
Latest revision as of 07:50, 3 June 2009
 - Provide unit-level semantic input validation.
 - Identify reliability errors in a structured way at the earliest point in time.
 - Implementer
 - As needed; generally as functions or methods are modified.
Interface contracts are also commonly known as assertions. They can be a formidable tool for preventing security problems - particularly if applied consistently, and rigorously.
In many application development processes, interface contracts are not enabled in production software. They are removed by habit in order to improve efficiency. If the efficiency impact is nominal for the project, CLASP strongly recommends leaving such checks in the code for the sake of security.
Otherwise, checks of security critical parameters should be implemented using a permanent mechanism, such as code directly at the top of the function, as discussed in activities below.
Implement validation and error handling on function or method inputs
For each method or function visible outside its compilation unit, specify in code what the expectations are for valid input values. One should validate that each input variable has a valid value in and of itself, and should determine validity in relation to other inputs. Validation checks should contain no side effects. Failures should be handled as specified in design. See CLASP Resource B for the concept on input validation.
Input variables should not be constrained to parameters. Any variable read by the function or method should be considered an input variable - including global variables, and class and method variables. Note that some interface contract facilities will allow specifying invariants for an entire class - i.e., things that must always be true about class data before and after each method invocation - once.
Implement validation on function or method outputs
Perform the same validation between relationships before exiting a function or method. Output specifications are meant to provide a clear behavioral specification to calling code to prevent accidental misuse.
Generally, output validation code is most useful in implementation. It is reasonable to disable such code for deployment or even use pseudo-code if absolutely necessary.


text: This document explores and analyzes the optimization of the use and placement of energy dissipators in the bays of frame structures located in seismic zones. This study may be applied to new and existing buildings. In order to do this, three RC frames of 5, 10 and 15 stories are analyzed and compared, using four brace arrangements (Chevron braces San Andrés cross and diagonal braces (two cases)). The behavior of these frames is analyzed in terms of modal parameters, capacity curves (Push-over) and dynamic analyses (Time-History). For the study, the Lorca record of mean magnitude was used, also in this case, hysteretic dissipators have been used as they are cheap and easy to install solutions. The efficiency of the energy dissipators is improved as the frames increase in height. In the lower height frames, the use of braced solutions without any device improves the structural behavior. The ductility of all frames increases with the placement of dissipators.


jQuery.isNumeric in jQuery 1.7
As mentioned in my previous post that jQuery 1.7 is released and ready to use. With jQuery 1.7, a new function is introduced which is called "isNumeric()". This is a very handy and small utility introduced in 1.7.As the name of the function clearly suggest that it checks whether the passed value is numeric or not. If it is numeric then it returns true, otherwise false.
This function is really useful as it also returns true for negative numbers, decimal numbers, octal integer, Hex numbers and exponential strings. It saves lots of line of your codes and you don't have to worry about the regular expression as well to validate the number.
$.isNumeric("-10"); // true
$.isNumeric(16); // true
$.isNumeric(0xFF); // true
$.isNumeric("0xFF"); // true
$.isNumeric("8e5"); // true (exponential notation string)
$.isNumeric(3.1415); // true
$.isNumeric(+10); // true
$.isNumeric(0144); // true (octal integer literal)
$.isNumeric(""); // false
$.isNumeric({}); // false (empty object)
$.isNumeric(NaN); // false
$.isNumeric(null); // false
$.isNumeric(true); // false
$.isNumeric(undefined); // false
See live Demo and Code.


text:
Teresa San Martin
Wichita State University--Dr. Raymond L. Calabrese
Dissertations & Theses
Access the full dissertation here: Martin Dissertation
The purpose of this study was to describe how Complete High School Maize (CHSM) students describe their high point learning experiences. The study also described how CHSM students describe their dreams for effective learning. A qualitative case study research design was used to facilitate an AI Learning Team in the first two stages of the 4-D Cycle—Discovery and Dream. Eight CHSM students, four males and four females, were purposively selected as the AI Learning Team (Cooperrider, Whitney, & Stavros, 2003; Ludema, Whitney, Mohr, & Griffin, 2003). Data collection methods included: participant group discussions, semi-structured participant paired interviews, and participant created documents, participant generated video, and a participant created presentation for district administrators. Data were analyzed using several techniques: content analysis, open coding, axial coding, text analysis software, and pattern matching with the use of a content analysis matrix.
Careful attention was made to ensure that the quality of the research addressed trustworthiness in terms of credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability throughout my study. Four salient findings emerged: (1) CHSM students believe that they need other experiences built into their class work, (2) CHSM students believe students and teachers respect rules, students talk with teachers, and people help each other, (3) CHSM students want to create a better learning environment that mixes fun with academics, and (4) CHSM students believe that the students and teachers are a family and common activities are important.
The findings from this study suggest that further research with AI in educational settings may have important implications to inspire educators to think in new ways about learning. AI as an action research methodology can be used to inform teacher practice and impact the effectiveness of the teaching and learning process. As well, the use of AI as a theoretical perspective with its positive approach can contribute to best practices in teaching where changes in a teacher's own pedagogical practice leads to excellence in education.


vserver nfs kerberos interface modify
Contributors
Modify the Kerberos configuration of an NFS server
Availability: This command is available to cluster and Vserver administrators at the admin privilege level.
Description
The vserver nfs kerberos interface modify command modifies a Kerberos configuration for NFS. An NFS Kerberos configuration is associated with both a Vserver and a logical interface.
Parameters
-vserver <vserver name> - Vserver
This parameter specifies the Vserver associated with the NFS Kerberos configuration you want to modify.
-lif <lif-name> - Logical Interface
This parameter specifies the name of the logical interface associated with the NFS Kerberos configuration you want to modify.
[-kerberos {enabled|disabled}] - Kerberos Enabled
This optional parameter specifies whether to enable or disable Kerberos for NFS on the specified Vserver and logical interface. If you specify a value of enable , you must also specify the -spn parameter. The command prompts you for a user name and password for a Kerberos principal in the same realm as the principal specified by the -spn parameter; this principal must have permission to create or modify the principal specified by the -spn parameter.
[-spn <text>] - Service Principal Name
This optional parameter specifies the service principal name (SPN) of the Kerberos configuration you want to modify. If you specify a value of enable for the -kerberos parameter, you must also specify this parameter. This value must be in the form nfs/host_name @REALM , where host_name is the fully qualified host name of the Kerberos server, nfs is the service, and REALM is the name of the Kerberos realm (for instance, EXAMPLE.COM). Specify Kerberos realm names in uppercase.
[-admin-username <text>] - Account Creation Username
This optional parameter specifies the administrator user name.
[-keytab-uri {(ftp|http)://(hostname|IPv4 Address|'['IPv6 Address']')…}] - Load Keytab from URI
This optional parameter specifies loading a keytab file from the specified URI.
[-ou <text>] - Organizational Unit
This optional parameter specifies the organizational unit (OU) under which the Microsoft Active Directory server account will be created when you enable Kerberos using a realm for Microsoft KDC. If this parameter is not specified, the default OU is "CN=Computers".
Examples
The following example enables an NFS Kerberos configuration on a Vserver named vs0 and a logical interface named datalif1. The SPN is nfs/_EMAIL_ and the keytab file is loaded from _URL_
vs1::> vserver nfs kerberos interface modify -vserver vs0 -lif datalif1
-kerberos enabled -spn nfs/_EMAIL_ -keytab-uri
 _URL_


text:
New GemBox.Spreadsheet 4.5 Release with support for right-to-left scripts
We have just released a new setup, help, and examples for the GemBox.Spreadsheet 4.5 with support for bidirectional texts when saving to PDF, XPS, or image file formats. This includes support for languages that use a right-to-left script such as Arabic, Persian, Urdu, Hebrew, or Yiddish.
We also added support for customizing the direction of the workbook elements by using the following properties:
- CellStyle.TextDirection – specifies the reading order of the cell
- ExcelViewOptions.ShowColumnsFromRightToLeft – specifies the direction of the worksheet


Boy Helps Blind Deer Find Food Daily
In this day and age it's nice to see something that raises our spirits.
Every day before going to school a young boy helped a deer, who just happened to be blind, find food. This story first came to us from Reddit, and Reddit user Bluecollarclassicist.
A blind deer lived in a neighborhood in Illinois, where bluecollarclassisit lives.
An animal like this could not normally live long in a suburban environment; but due to the efforts of this one child, the deer now has a chance to survive.
The survival rate of any animal declines when they live outside their natural habitats, but add in vehicles and urban sprawl and their chances recede even further, particularly if they're blind, as this deer was. Chances of being hit and killed by an automobile were much higher than that of a sighted animal.
As luck would have it, this particular deer wandered into a neighborhood where a kind-hearted and generous boy lived. Not only did the boy give up time he could have spent playing, he watched over the animal and made certain it had a safe place to rest and food to eat.
Fortunately, the news about this wonderful story flew and reached the ears of a local rescue organization who undertook the deed of moving the deer to a place where it could live safely and happily.
The deer's 10-year-old benefactor never tried to adopt him as a pet, he just searched for the deer quietly every day until he found him.
With the rescue organization now alerted to the deer's plight, they caught him and moved him to a shelter where he could be safe and have a peaceful life among other animals.
Bluecollarclassicist and his wife thought this was one of the sweetest and kindest examples of someone being helpful and understanding they had witnessed and hope to reward the young boy's selfless acts by taking him to visit the deer where the wildlife rehabilitation group placed him in relative safety at the state wildlife preserve. Not all heroes wear capes.
Share and Enjoy!


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Compared to the swords of other countries, Japanese katanas have a slim and elegant appearance, which gives them an image of lightness and weightlessness. We see brilliant katana wielding in period wars, but how heavy is a real Japanese katana? Katanas are quite heavy because they are weapons from a time before the advent of light metals. Let's take a closer look at the weight of Japanese katanas and the differences in the way they feel when held in the hand.
How much does a katana weigh?
During the Edo period, warriors carried two Japanese swords at their waist, one Uchinata and the other Wakizashi. At that time, there were no means of transportation, and it was normal to walk several dozen kilometers.
So, what load did they really carry? We will explain it to you based on the weight of a Japanese sword.
The average weight is about 3.2lbs
The Japanese katana, a long thin blade, is made by repeatedly bending and forging a very pure metal called tamahagane.
The original material is high quality iron sand, which is then melted down in the traditional Japanese tatara method to produce tamahagane, the core material of the Japanese sword. The smith strikes the steel repeatedly to stretch it, then laminates it to create a denser sword.
The inside of a Japanese sword is therefore not a solid object, but is made of many thin layers of steel, and despite its thin appearance, the sword is very heavy.
To carry a Japanese sword, a number of parts are needed, including the scabbard and the hilt (tsuka: the handle of a Japanese sword) in addition to the sword itself (toshin: the drawn blade). The average weight of a sword with only the hilt and the tsuba attached to the blade was about 3.2lbs, with the heaviest swords weighing about 5lbs. Considering that they moved on foot, it would have taken considerable strength to carry a Japanese sword around the waist on a daily basis.
Changes in time and weight of Japanese swords
The koto (ancient sword) is a Japanese sword made during a period of about 700 years, from the middle of the Heian period after 901 to 1595, just before the Edo period (_PHONE_). The forging method used for koto is different from that used for shin-to (new swords), but the details of the technique are not known.
From the middle of the Heian period to the Muromachi period (_PHONE_), when the ancient katana was mainly used in horseback fighting, it had to be practical and easy to handle when wearing armor. To be able to cut and break through highly defensive armor, Japanese katanas had to be strong, but at the same time heavy and practical enough to be handled easily.
A typical ancient sword measures about 2 shaku 3 sun (about 27.5") and weighs between 5.1 oz and. 8.7 oz However, during the Nanbokucho period (_PHONE_), Japanese long swords became popular and many "otachi" (big swords) with a blade longer than 3 shaku (about 35.4") were made, and the weight of these swords increased. For example, the "Taro-Tachi" (sword with handle) in the collection of Atsuta Shrine in Aichi Prefecture is over 7 shaku 3 sun (87") long and weighs 9lbs.
Since the end of the Muromachi period (_PHONE_), the length of ancient katanas has gradually decreased as the traditional long, deeply curved and graceful style has been replaced by a more practical style.
In addition, many Japanese katanas were consumed by war. Therefore, it is believed that only about 30-40% of existing katanas are ancient.
Weight of new katanas
Shintō refers to Japanese swords made between the end of the Azuchi-Momoyama period and the mid-Edo period in 1763 (Horeki 13). When fighting ceased in the Edo period, the Japanese katana changed from a weapon to a symbolic object representing samurai status.
Until then, the Japanese katana was a necessity for protection and could be owned by anyone regardless of status, but due to the sword hunting ordinance, only samurai were allowed to own a katana. During the Edo period (_PHONE_), katana smiths began to congregate in large cities such as Edo and Osaka because of the stable supply of high quality materials.
Many of the katanas that survive today are new katanas made during these periods, with an average weight of about 2lbs. In the Edo period, the length of a Japanese sword (josun: the length of a sword a samurai could carry) was fixed by the shogunate, even for those who had a sword belt, and was limited to 2 shaku 3 sun 5 min (about 28").
In addition, Japanese katanas were rarely used in real battles, so the demand for katanas of good appearance and elegant workmanship increased. The importance of the Japanese katana changed from a weapon used in battle to a symbol of authority and a work of art, and the importance of the katana changed from a consumer item to an heirloom item. For this reason, many Japanese katanas from the Shintō period remain in good condition.
The katanas of the Shintō period, made when there were no major battles, were heavier than the katanas of the suekōtō period, the Warring States period. It was also said that the new katanas had lost some of the flexibility of the old ones and were more prone to breakage because of the uniform carbon content throughout the blade, due to the nationwide distribution of homogeneous domestic iron. The general opinion was that the need to compensate for strength was also a factor in why the new katanas weighed more than the shorter, easier-to-handle katanas of the Late Antique Warring States period.
Weight of Japanese katanas after Shinto
As the demand for new Japanese katanas decreased and blacksmiths in various regions declined, a movement to return to the old katanas developed, with master blacksmith "Suishinshi Masahide" advocating a "sword restoration theory".
This movement led to the emergence of shinsatoh, which produced powerful and dynamic Japanese swords in the style of Soshu-den and Bizen-den.
During the upheavals of the late Edo period, "kinouto", long and heavy swords with little deformability, became popular, and thin and short swords also appeared, which were easy to handle and could be used with Western-style clothing. As a result, Japanese katanas were made in a wide range of weights, from 8.7oz to 3lbs.
Japanese katanas made after the abolition of the sword law were called modern katanas (gendaito), and many were used in wars against other countries.
Do Japanese katanas differ in terms of actual weight and felt weight when held?
The weight felt differs according to the position of the center of gravity of the katana
Even Japanese katanas of the same weight can feel lighter or heavier when you hold several katanas in your hands. The following is an explanation of the felt weight due to the differences in the construction of Japanese swords.
The felt weight differs depending on the position of the center of gravity.
Depending on whether the center of gravity of the katana is located closer to the hilt or the spearhead/kisaki, a Japanese katana of the same weight may feel heavier or lighter. The Japanese katana is long and thin, and the length of the hilt varies depending on the brand of katana, so balance is determined by the position of the hilt.
However, there is a limit to how much balance you can give the katana just by the way you grip it. So just as the load you feel is different depending on where you hold a long stick, the position of the center of gravity of the katana itself has an effect on the weight you feel.
The center of gravity of each katana varies depending on its construction. So when selecting a katana to use in combat, we had to confirm not only simple measurements, but also the feel of actually holding and using the katana. The weight of the katana was an important criterion in selecting a katana that would be used in everyday life.
The weight one feels differs according to the length of the katana.
It is not only the position of the center of gravity that determines the perceived weight. The weight you feel also depends on the length of the katana. If you compare two Japanese katanas of almost the same weight but different lengths, the longer katana will feel heavier than the shorter one.
If the balance between length and weight does not suit you, the katana will feel heavier and more difficult to handle than it really is. The tsuba is also an important accessory for adjusting the center of gravity and length of the katana. Depending on where the tsuba is placed on the shaft, the center of gravity and the length of the handle will change.
It is said that even a Japanese katana of the same weight will feel completely different in use if the length of the sword is slightly different. The ease of handling a Japanese sword can be altered by the slightest difference in the shape of the sword.
The "Center of gravity of the hand" to reduce the perceived weight of the katana
The "hand center of gravity" means that the center of gravity is literally closer to the hilt. A Japanese katana whose center of gravity is at the hilt feels lighter than a katana whose center of gravity is in the spearhead (kirigaki), which gives you more freedom and makes it


text:
scrunch down(redirected from scrunched them down)
1. To crouch or huddle into a small, cramped position. We all scrunched down so that the guards wouldn't be able to see us. Would the people in the front row mind scrunching down in their seats so the people in back can see better, please?
2. To squeeze, crush, or crumple something into a smaller shape, size, or space. A noun or pronoun can be used between "scrunch" and "down"; often followed by "into (something)." I scrunched the note down into a ball and tossed it across the room to Jake. I had to scrunch my suit down into the case in order for it close shut.
scrunch something down(into something)
1. to squeeze something into a smaller size or shape. He scrunched the wad of paper down into a hard ball. Liz scrunched down the cloth into a pad for the hot pan. Scrunch the boxes down before you throw them away.
2. to pack something tightly into something. Dave scrunched his clothing down into the drawer and closed it. Dave scrunched down his clothing into the suitcase.
to squeeze or huddle down into a smaller shape. Mary scrunched down, trying to hide behind the chair. The children scrunched down so they wouldn't be seen.
scrunch down into something
to squeeze down into a small area or container. Fred scrunched down into his seat, hoping no one would see him there. Don't scrunch down into your seat. It's bad for your posture.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
Assume that a 100 pW He-Ne single-mode last emits light at 633 nm in a TEM00 Gaussian beam.
(a)What is the mean number of photons crossing a circle of radius equal to the waist radius of the beam $W_0$ in a time T=100 ns?
(b) What is the root-mean-square value of the number of photon counts in (a)?
(c) What is the probability that no photons are counted in (a)?
Here is my solution. Could somebody please double check it?
A. $h=6.63 \times 10^{-34}$
Photon flux = $(100\times10^{-12})/((h)(4.74\times10^{14}))=3.18\times10^{8}$
Mean number of photons = $3.18\times10^{8} *(100\times10^{-9})=31.8$
B. $\sqrt{((31.8)^2/(100\times 10^{-9})}$
C. probability = 1-.86 =.14
share|improve this question
closed as too localized by Qmechanic, David Z Nov 14 '12 at 6:33
Hi John - generally we discourage questions that just ask for someone to check your work. Once you have identified the specific concept that you're not sure about, that's the point at which it's appropriate to ask a question here. – David Z Nov 14 '12 at 6:33


When a food writer can't taste.
I read a headline this past weekend "When a food writer can't taste" which got me thinking about brand strategy and marketing strategy. How does a food writer approach an assignment when s/he can't actually taste the food? (How did Beethoven compose after losing his hearing?) Had the food writer the ability to taste prior to losing the sense, the experience would be muscle memory-driven. Of course the writer would need to know how the meal was prepared, the ingredients and the amounts. And watched preparation technique. It would also help to watch people eat the food to understand tastes, aromas and textures.
Sadly, a good deal of strategic work in the market today is perfunctory. It lacks the hand and design of someone who has actually tasted the product or product experience. Often there is a reliance on the muscle memory of other assignments. A reliance on demographics — and then the work is driven by nothing more than a media insight. jean-georges
Just as creatives know when the work is done, so do planners. Planners need enough time to mine insights, experience those insights and learn deeply about their meaning. Put that level of learning into your brand plan and you are, then, ready to start tasting. Peace.


Why do ships use "port" and "starboard" instead of "left" and "right"?
Since port and starboard never change, they are unambiguous references that are independent of a mariner's orientation, and, thus, mariners use these nautical terms instead of left and right to avoid confusion. When looking forward, toward the bow of a ship, port and starboard refer to the left and right sides, respectively.
Source: NOAA
_TAG_ _TAG_ _TAG_ _TAG_


text:
A Pygmy Skulltula is an enemy encountered exclusively in Twilight Princess. They are just like regular Skulltulas, except they are smaller and hang from thinner webs. Additionally, this version of the Skulltula only appears within the Forest Temple.
Link first encounters a Pygmy Skulltula inside the Forest Temple, where it drops from the ceiling when he attempts to jump over a small gap. With it there, Link cannot cross the gap. Instead, he can kill it by edging forward, and once the spider drops, he can detach it from its web by using either the Slingshot or Sword. Once detached from its web, the Skulltula drops into the water and is killed.


text:
People similar to or like Betty Box
Prolific British film producer. Wikipedia
Sentences forBetty Box
- The production was initiated by Betty Box, who picked up a copy of the book at Crewe during a long rail journey, and saw its possibility as a film.
- Sydney Box (29 April 1907 – 25 May 1983) was a British film producer and screenwriter, and brother of British film producer Betty Box.
- Producer Betty Box called St. John "a wonderful old drunk... a wonderful man. But he didn't quite fit into the British filmmaking tradition."
- In 1946 Betty Box was placed in charge of the studios when her brother Sydney Box was appointed by Rank to run Gainsborough Pictures.
- and Betty Box (1915–1999) and her brother Sydney (1907–1983), both film producers.
- Thomas often worked with the producer Betty E. Box, who was married to Carry On producer Peter Rogers.
This will create an email alert. Stay up to date on result for: Betty Box


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sys.assemblies (Transact-SQL)
Returns a row for each assembly.
Column name
Data type
Description
name
sysname
Name of the assembly. Is unique within the database.
principal_id
int
ID of the principal that owns this assembly.
assembly_id
int
Assembly identification number. Is unique within a database.
clr_name
nvarchar(4000)
Canonical string that encodes the simple name, version number, culture, public key, and architecture of the assembly. This value uniquely identifies the assembly on the common language runtime (CLR) side.
permission_set
tinyint
Permission-set/security-level for assembly.
1 = Safe Access
2 = External Access
3 = Unsafe Access
permission_set_desc
nvarchar(60)
Description for permission-set/security-level for assembly.
SAFE_ACCESS
EXTERNAL_ACCESS
UNSAFE_ACCESS
is_visible
bit
1 = Assembly is visible to register Transact-SQL entry points.
0 = Assembly is intended only for managed callers. That is, the assembly provides internal implementation for other assemblies in the database.
create_date
datetime
Date the assembly was created or registered.
modify_date
datetime
Date the assembly was modified.
is_user_defined
bit
Indicates the source of the assembly.
0 = System-defined assemblies (such as Microsoft.SqlServer.Types for the hierarchyid data type)
1 = User-defined assemblies
In SQL Server 2005 and later versions, the visibility of the metadata in catalog views is limited to securables that a user either owns or on which the user has been granted some permission. For more information, see Metadata Visibility Configuration.
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Main Content
target.Board class
Package: target
Provide hardware board details
Description
Use a target.Board object to provide MATLAB® with data about your target hardware board, for example, CPU, communication, and tool information.
To create a target.Board object, use the target.create function.
Properties
expand all
Name of the target.Board object, which target.get uses as an identifier in data retrieval.
Attributes:
GetAccess
public
SetAccess
public
Array of target.Processor objects that provide descriptions of available processors for the board.
Attributes:
GetAccess
public
SetAccess
public
Array of target.CommunicationInterface objects that provide descriptions of available communication interfaces for the board.
Attributes:
GetAccess
public
SetAccess
public
Array of target.CommunicationProtocolStack that provide descriptions of the communication protocols for the board.
Attributes:
GetAccess
public
SetAccess
public
Collection of tooling descriptions associated with the board. For example, ApplicationExecutionTool to enable execution of applications on the target hardware.
Attributes:
GetAccess
public
SetAccess
public
Examples
collapse all
Create a description of a target hardware board. This code from Set Up PIL Connectivity by Using target Package shows how to create the description.
Create a board object that provides MATLAB with a description of processor attributes.
hostTarget = target.create('Board', 'Name', 'Host Intel processor');
Specify the processor for the board, for example, by reusing a supported processor.
hostTarget.Processors = target.get('Processor', ...
 'Intel-x86-64 (Linux 64)');
Create a communication interface for the target hardware board. This code snippet from Set Up PIL Connectivity by Using target Package shows how to create the interface.
comms = target.create('CommunicationInterface');
comms.Name = 'Linux TCP Interface';
comms.Channel = 'TCPChannel';
comms.APIImplementations = target.create('APIImplementation', ...
 'Name', 'x86 RTIOStream Implementation');
comms.APIImplementations.API = target.create('API', 'Name', 'RTIO Stream');
...
hostTarget.CommunicationInterfaces = comms;
Specify PIL protocol information. This code snippet from Set Up PIL Connectivity by Using target Package shows how to specify the information.
pilProtocol = target.create('PILProtocol');
pilProtocol.Name = 'Linux PIL Protocol';
pilProtocol.SendBufferSize = 50000;
pilProtocol.ReceiveBufferSize = 50000;
hostTarget.CommunicationProtocolStacks = pilProtocol;
Version History
Introduced in R2020b


text: In 1279, the Duke of Pomerania Mestwin II granted the convent special privileges. The brick convent complex was constructed at the turn of the 15th Century. The Assumption of the Holiest Virgin Mary's church, which is part of the complex, is made of brick, with a tower above the entrance from the west, crowned with a pitched roof with a stellar vault. The presbytery hosts a richly-decorated Baroque altar (from approximately 1700). The centre presents the scene of the Annunciation, the main characters of which – Mary and Archangel Gabriel – were dressed in silver apparel around the year 1740, which was probably made by the great Gdańsk goldsmith, Jan Gotfryd Schlaubitz. The side altars are equally beautiful, as is the 18th Century baptismal font. Besides this, the temple is home to painted stalls, a Rococo pulpit, and supports in the shape of human faces and angels.


is also used during the rainy season to catch migratory juvenile fishes as they swim in water that flows. This is referred to as 'gala' in Hausa. The instrument of ara is said to be introduced to Kebbi fishermen by the Sorko and Zarma fishermen much later. According to Harris (1942: 28) the ara was not in use throughout Kebbi prior to colonial administration in the kebbi area. It gained wider acceptance not only in Kebbi, but also in most parts of Hausa land.
3.2.3 Mamari and Kamba. (Hooks & Line And Hook Sticks)
 Mamari is the Zarma word for hook.[1] Kamba[2] refers to a short stick that is used in arranging the line on which the hooks are tied. The hooks are arranged on the stick for easy spread in water, so much so that it is not intricately interwoven to warrant hardship in using the gear in the future. From enquiries made, it is understood that the word mamari is derived from Zarma language. The Hausa word for mamari is 'Ƙugiya'. In Argungu, the entire Kebbi, and most parts of Hausaland, especially Zamfara, the hook is called 'mamari' which was borrowed from the Zarma language.
 Kamba is derived from the Zarma word 'kambe' which stands for hand. To fully neologize the word into Hausa, it went through transformation where the last 'e' vowel was substituted with 'a' vowel. In Zarma, the phrase 'mamari kambe' is translated literally as a 'hand of mamari'.[3] It is figuratively coined because the length of the stick called 'kamba' is almost the length of a hand from the ankle to the fingers hence the reason for the phrase, 'mamari kambe'.
 This a part, the leadership structure of the artisanal fishing in Kebbi includes in its line of authority, the title of Kamba who is the head and leader of all the fishermen whose instrument or gear of operation is line and hook known in Hausa as 'Ƙugiya'. The title is a derivation from the name of the gear which emphatically is of Zarma origin. It suffices for one to assert that if Kebbi/Dosso alliance and relationship is not an intimate and strong one, this cultural and linguistic borrowing of terms in fishing as a local craft wouldn't have suffice up to the present.
3.3 Impacts on Water Rituals
 Fishing is an important craft that takes place only in areas with abundant surface water which could be rivers, lakes, streams, or ponds. It involves entry into the water with the intent to catch fish for food, for commercial purpose or for some parts of the fish to be used in preparing local concoctions for the cure of illnesses and for other traditional medical purposes.
 Water is known to be an abode to vicious and dangerous animals like the hippopotamus or reptiles like the crocodile. It is also a dwelling place for spirits that may be harmful to humans. It is in realization of these dangers that the artisanal fishermen engage in a number of water rituals so as to ward off evil and avoid danger of water accidents. The ritual may be 'ɗaurin ruwa' which is done to seek for protection and safety in fishing, from the beginning to the end of a fishing expedition. There is also the 'tsaraka' ritual purposely done to invoke good luck and enhance big catch during fishing. There is also the 'Ƙulle ruwa' ritual which is done with the intent to prevent or deny a rival from making catches during fishing. Though it is a pure display of voodoo and African medicine, it involves the invocation or recitation of some incantations in the form of abracadabra which is a mixture of words from different languages that are often without meaning. Greater number of these incantations invoked by the Kebbi and largely Hausa fishermen for the purpose of offering rituals of this nature are derived from the Zarma language. They may not be necessarily meaningful words in Zarma language but they rhyme with the words in Zarma. One example of the incantations will suffice here. It is recited when one intends to literarily lock the water i.e wards off evil spirits and harmful water animals. One will recite:
 Bismillahi langwarmai,
 Kwarma gwarmai,
 Mainan jaboga
 Barnan jaboga.
 Alako akwai ijikwai jaboga
 Ai sanka karai, ainan tinti da.
 Ai nan wai banda kulma da.[4]
 This is in fact not the only aspect of fishing in which the Zarma language has impact in the Sarkanci of Kebbi. Sarkanci as a craft that is dominated by the male folk, has its own form of oral literature in form of oral songs which are composed in praise of those who show high commitment and have excelled and are successful in it. The persons to whom the songs are sang resort to the chanting of personal epithets in which they praise themselves. This is known as kirari in Hausa. Most fishermen in the course of chanting their personal praises tend to employ the use of words that rhyme with the Zarma words just as cited above. A good example is the personal epithet of one Alu Danhoma of Bubuce village. It has code mixtures of Hausa and Zarma words as pointed out by Argungu (2007:153). It goes thus:
Bismillahi Rabbina na hwara
Islande biga ai Annabin Sulaima kwaiga
 Ai hwantimi ai dosine ai gisi
 Ai hwargo ai Harakwai maiga
 Gindi gura, kwamba gura sidisi gimbiya
 Sinisigi ɗigi kwanda harago kwanga
 Ni gimbiya ma minde
 Ni shalshabani shalshabani kanda ishirin
 Iskwai Dandi iskwai danga
 Ai Annabi lango-lango ko har abada
 Kuwara ta yi kwadarko
Kuwara ta yi kwadarko
Kwaɗɗo ya wuce shi giwayo tabki
 The question one is likely to ask is why a fisherman from the Hausa tribe should go to the extent of code mixing his own language with a language he does not even understand. This really point to the fact that at one time in history, there was a strong bond of relationship between the people of Kebbi and Dosso. The bond was so cordial and intimate to warrant a lot of borrowings and usages of some lexical items in the area of fishing. It is the Hausa that benefitted because the 'Sorko' has a superior civilization in the field of fishing as such, they seems to make impacts into the aspect of fishing in kebbi.
 3.4 Names of Water Spirits
 Prior to their contact with any civilization whether from the West or the East, the Hausa people to which the inhabitants of Kebbi belong have strong belief in the existence of the Spirits which cannot be seen with the naked eye. It is believed also that water bodies are one of the abode of these creatures. Hausa people believe in the spirits like 'Jittakuku', 'Zodo', 'Tamashaya', 'Hajiruwa' and hosts of others believed to inhabits the waters in which fishing is conducted. To these Spirits, some offerings and sacrifices were made in the olden days, in order to appease them. That was why before the emergence of Islamic revivalist movement of the revered Sheikh Usmanu bn Fodio, the Bori cult enjoys quite a large number of adherents not only in Kebbi but in almost every part of Hausa land.
 The relationship between Kebbi and Dosso paved the way for increase contact and mutual understanding between the political leadership and the subjects. This led to further understanding and acceptance of the Spirits that are believed to be Zarma. Gobir (2002:26) has advanced a list of Spirits which are believed to be Zarma and to which the Hausa fisherman also has conviction. They are Sulaimanu, Baba Dango, Harkwai, Markwai, Dango Musa and Garkame. Some of these Spirits termed as Zarma are believed to inhabit the fishing water as such are strongly revered and appeased by the fishermen. These Spirits are Harkwai and Markwai who are most often made mention of by the fishermen in their self epithets. An extract from the 'Kirari' epithet of Alu Danhoma Bubuce, cited in Argungu (2008:151) will be a testimony to this assertion. It reads:
 Na yi sallama gidanka Harakwai
 Ko da niy yi sallama kak karɓa
 Ka ba ni babban kina
 ko ko ka ni babban nagge
Ya ce ka ga saniya na baka.
4.0 Conclusion
 This paper has attempted an explicit description of how the alignment and cordial relationship between two neighbours from the divide of Nigeria and Niger became beneficial to the aspects of artisanal fishery particularly in Kebbi and in Hausa land generally. The relationship


text:
Tianjin gets approval for first Double Ten offshore wind power project
- Global offshore wind capacity is expected to reach 316GW by 2030
- The total installed capacity of the project is 196MW, with 28 typhoon power units to be installed
Countries around the world are seeking to accelerate the energy transition to achieve the goal of carbon neutrality. Recently, the Three Gorges Tianjin Nangang offshore wind power demonstration project has been approved by Tianjin Binhai New Area Administrative Examination and Approval Bureau.
The Three Gorges Tianjin Nangang Offshore Wind Power Demonstration Project is the first offshore wind power project in Tianjin that meets the requirements of the "Double Tenth" policy, which is in line with the "14th Five-Year Plan" of Tianjin Renewable Energy Development. The total installed capacity of the project is 196MW. It is planned to install 28 typhoon power units, construct fan foundation civil engineering, fan hoisting, and construct 220kV offshore booster station, submarine cable laying, onshore centralized control center, etc.
Built project investment of 2.4 billion yuan, the year after next generation 597.8 million kWh, compared with the same capacity of thermal power plant, save 190900 tons of standard coal, can further optimize energy structure, effectively promote wind power equipment manufacturing, Marine engineering, construction, operation maintenance and management, such as the development of related industries, to penang green low carbon industry inject more momentum. Editor/Xu Shengpeng


text: Abstract. Panaligan AC, Baltazar MD, Alejandro GJD. 2020. Short Communication: Genetic polymorphism of registered and popularly cultivated coffee (Coffea spp.) in the Philippines using inter-simple sequence repeats markers. Biodiversitas 21: 4228-4233. Three Coffea species, namely Coffea arabica, Coffea canephora and Coffea liberica have been commercially cultivated in the Philippines. Genetic variability analysis of these species is important for the conservation of genetic resources and breeding programs. Hence, this study was carried out to identify polymorphic inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR) markers and determine the genetic variation of these three commercially cultivated coffee species. Twenty-nine DNA samples from young coffee leaves were extracted and PCR amplified. Of the 29 primers used, seven produced clear and reproducible bands. In the 54 bands produced, 51 were polymorphic. The number of bands amplified by each primer varied from 5 to 12 with an average of 7.71 bands. Polymorphism percentage ranged from 80 to 100. This is the first time that ISSR markers were used to determine the genetic variation of coffee in the Philippines. The study demonstrated the efficiency of ISSR markers to assess genetic variation in cultivated coffee species. The ISSR markers were able to differentiate the coffee germplasm at the interspecific and intraspecific levels. These results suggest the potential of ISSR markers for genetic diversity analysis of commercial coffee and varietal identification of elite varieties using DNA fingerprinting.


text:
||This article needs additional citations for verification. (May 2009)
Novosibirsk Reservoir or Novosibirskoye Reservoir (Russian: Новосиби́рское водохрани́лище), informally called the Ob Sea (Обско́е мо́ре), is the largest artificial lake in Novosibirsk Oblast and Altai Krai created by a dam on the Ob River near Novosibirsk. The dam, built in 1956, is for generating hydroelectric power. The reservoir is 160 km long and up to 20 km wide. The power of hydroelectric power is 400 MW. During the summer, it is one of the most popular destinations for Novosibirsk residents with many yachts and boats dotting the surface of the lake, and the beaches teeming with people.
Most villages are situated on the western coast. The Karakan Pine Forest is situated on the eastern coast of the reservoir.


$, is of total degree $20$, and contains $598$ monomial terms, with typical integer coefficient in the millions.
Added remark: The formulae simplify dramatically if one assumes that the centroid of the triangle is at $z=0$, i.e., that $a_1 = \bar a_1 = 0$. (This is analogous to the way that the cubic formula itself simplifies when one removes the quadratic term. Moreover, this can always be easily arranged in the usual way by translation.) When $a_1 = \bar a_1 = 0$, we have $$ R = 16V^2 - 3S^2 + 12 a_2 \bar a_2 $$ and $$ \begin{array} \\ Q &= S^6-6{a_2}{\bar a_2}S^4-27{a_3}{\bar a_3}S^3+9{a_2}^2{\bar a_2}^2S^2\\ &\qquad {} +81{a_2}{a_3}{\bar a_2}{\bar a_3}S -27{a_3}^2{\bar a_2}^3 - 27{a_2}^3{\bar a_3}^2 - 4{a_2}^3{\bar a_2}^3. \end{array} $$ The formula for $P$ is still not that nice, though; it has $17$ terms, with coefficients in the millions. Rather than input it here, I'll just recommend that those interested compute the resultant of this reduced $R$ and $Q$ with respect to $S$ to get it.
Another added remark (the real case): If, in addition, one assumes that the $a_k$ are real (and that $a_1=0$), then the polynomial $P$ factors as $$ 16V^2 (16V^2{+}9{a_2}^2)^2 (4096V^6{+}4608{a_2}^2 V^4{+}1296{a_2}^4V^2{-}19683{a_3}^4{-}2916{a_2}^3{a_3}^2). $$ In particular, note that $V=0$ is always a root and that $P=0$ has a positive real root $V$ if and only if $27{a_3}^2+4{a_2}^3$ is positive (and $a_3\not=0$), i.e., if and only if the original cubic has only one real (nonzero) root, just as one would expect.
share|improve this answer
There is a typo in the product of $V$ and $V^\top$. The top left entry should be 3, not 1. I wonder if it affects the outcome... – Dima Pasechnik Nov 25 '11 at 3:26
_USER_: Oh, you are right; thanks for pointing this out. I have edited the answer to correct this. It doesn't really change anything, except that P now has $1175$ terms instead of merely $646$. – Robert Bryant Nov 25 '11 at 4:28
It would be interesting to know more about $Q$. After all, if $S$ can be found as a function of $a_k$ and $\overline{a}_k$ then the determinant expression for $VV^\top$ might be more useful than the 1175-term expansion. Could you perhaps post the expansion for $Q$? Thanks in advance. – Dima Pasechnik Nov 25 '11 at 6:42
_USER_: $Q$ itself has $66$ terms, but the coefficients are quite small, so it's not completely crazy to think that it might contain some useful information. However, I'm a little reluctant to put the whole thing in the answer because it's still quite long, and I'd have to struggle with the typesetting or else leave it as a 'long line'. Let me think about whether I can do something better. One thing that I noticed is that the formulae simplify quite a lot if you assume that the centroid of the triangle is at $z=0$. Maybe I'll post those formulae first, so that you can see the rough shape. – Robert Bryant Nov 25 '11 at 12:53
_USER_, perhaps you can just post the Maple(?) code you wrote to produce $Q$. – Dima Pasechnik Nov 26 '11 at 7:31
Not quite an answer, but a cute fact: if the three points (I use $x, y, z$ below, for typing convenience) are all on the unit circle, then the square of the area equals (using the OP's formula, and the observation that in this case $\overline{z} = 1/z$)
$-\dfrac{(x-y)^2 (x-z)^2 (y-z)^2}{16x^2y^2z^2}.$
The numerator is a multiple of the square of the discriminant of the polynomial, and can be easily written in terms of symmetric functions as $-a^2 b^2 + 4 b^3 + 4 a^3 c - 18 a b c + 27 c^2.$ The denominator is obvious.
For reasons given in my comment this formula does not generalize to "general" triples in the complex plane.
share|improve this answer
There is a clear experimental maths strategy to attack a problem like this. A "generic" polynomial $(z-z_1)(z-z_2)(z-z_3)=z^3-az^2+bz-c$ can be replaced with a very concrete one: Choose $a$, $b$ and $c$ to be (at least presumably) $\mathbb Q$-algebraically independent complex numbers. Compute numerically the zeroes $z_1$, $z_2$, $z_3$ of the polynomial $z^3-az^2+bz-c$ and the corresponding value $V(z_1,z_2,z_3)$. Then we expect $V$ to satisfy an algebraic equation with coefficients from $\mathbb Q[a,b,c]$, and this can be guessed efficiently with either LLL or PSLQ.
I did not try hard after seeing Igor's response and comments, but it seems that there is no algebraic equation of degree $\le6$ for $V$.
share|improve this answer
This is not very likely to work since if you take $a,b,c$ to be reals umbers you are likely to get $3$ real roots and the area will be zero, which will not be usefull. Of course if you take the real parts of $a,b,c$ and the imaginary paorts of $a,b,c$ to be algebraicly independant you can do it, but the number of variables is getting too big. – kassabov Nov 23 '11 at 11:44
This was already in Igor's comments. No secrets from you: My choice was $a=\log(2)$, $b=\exp(1)$ and $c=\pi\sqrt{-1}$. Believe you or not, but the zeroes were all unreal. Even more, I also tried the case $a=0$, $b=\exp(1)$ and $c=\pi\sqrt{-1}$ (which is mentioned in your post) and still no result in degree less than 7. – Wadim Zudilin Nov 23 '11 at 11:51
you can simplify the computations even further by reducing to the case $a=0$ and $c=1$, but then you cna not expect the answer to be algebraic in $b$, but it should be algebraic in $Re b$ and $Im b$ – kassabov Nov 23 '11 at 12:08
For simplicity let assume that the $f(z) = z^3 - az +b $ and has roots $z_1, z_2, z_3$. For each $i$ consider the polynomial $f_i(z) = f(z/z_1) = z^3 -a_i z + b_i$ which has roots $1$ and $-1/2 \pm \lambda_i$ for some $\lambda_i$
The area the triangle with the roots of $f_i$ is $3/4 |Im \lambda_i$ and its discriminat is $D_i = 4 \lambda_i^2 (9/4 - \lambda_i^2)^2$ and $b_i = 1/4 - \lambda_i^2$. Thus the area of this triangle is $A_i = \frac{3}{4} Im \frac{\sqrt{\pm D_i}}{b_i +2}$
However $D_i$, $A_i$ and $b_i$ can be easily expressed using the corresponding values for the original polynomial and the root $z_i$, i.e. $b_i = b / z_i^3$ $D_i = D/ z_i^6$ and $A_i = A/|z_i|^2$ thus we have $$ A =


text: The application of cine MRI to lung disease has been technically challenging. In this study, we exploited optical flow analysis combined with rapid acquisition of cine MRI using compressed sensing to detect differences in regional lung motion. The high spatial and temporal resolution and higher signal-to-noise ratio of cine MRI enabled optical flow analysis to visualize regional differences between five lung segments. It also differentiated between chest and diaphragm breathing patterns in volunteers. In the future, this non-invasive method could be applied to assess and follow lung diseases, such as interstitial pneumonia or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.


text:
A hug and an embrace may seem similar to each other, but the main difference between the two is the type of affection that you will provide when you are doing these actions. When you provide a hug, this means that you will tightly squeeze a person in order to express your affection. When you embrace someone, this means that you are holding the person in your arms.
This may occur for an extended period of time. You may usually provide a hug or an embrace to the people that you care about. The longer that you hold the person, the more of an embrace it is rather than a hug. You may give a hug or an embrace, depending on what you think the person needs.
Hug and Embrace are two action words. It will be very difficult to figure out the differences between the two words if you do not have an understanding of the usage of the words. Hug and embrace have almost the same meaning. Hug simply means to cling so tightly with someone, especially in the arms. This is a particular way of showing affection to someone.
Embrace also has the same meaning as a hug. For example, John hugged/embraced Esther until he felt better. The major difference between hug and embrace will be discussed in relation to how they are used in a sentence. A hug is most times used as a verb, but it can also be used as a noun, for example, I'm looking for someone who will give me a hug. Embrace, on the other hand, can also be used as a verb and also, as a noun. Aside from, embrace has other meanings. It can be used to show that you are in support of someone's idea. For example, I embraced Paul's idea because it looked good to me.
A hug and an embrace or both forms of physical contact; however, a hug usually is more casual, whereas, an embrace is often a shared exchange between two people who are in love. It may even come across as if the two people embracing want to hold on to one another endlessly because it can get that intimate. Hugs can be exchanged between friends and family, and most casual situations where both involve the act of holding someone with affection.
Hugs mean more of a squeezing action. An embrace is keeping a tighter hold, and it may last a lot longer than a hog. An embrace could also mean keeping, or holding onto a belief, or even an acceptance of something, such as faith or trust in God or Jesus. An example would be embracing Jesus Christ as our Savior. Another example would be embracing changes in our lives whereas some people don't like change.


text:
Power flushing is a technique used to clear sludge from central heating system pipes, radiators, coils and heat exchangers. These are areas where scale and corrosion can collect, the symptoms are usually:
- Cold spots on radiators, even after bleeding
- Takes a long time for radiators to warm up
- Noisy boiler
- Radiators needing regular bleeding
- Inefficient central heating system
Once a power flush is complete, you can expect the following benefits:
- Pipes and radiators will get hotter quicker
- More cost efficient system
- Less stress on the boiler
- Increased life of the boiler
- Heat will be distributed more evenly throughout the home
Central heating boilers can fail early if there is excessive sludge in the system, modern condensing boilers are much more sensitive so it's recommended to have a full system flush before installing a new boiler. There is no point in paying for an expensive piece of kit that may fail early because of excessive sludge build up in the system!
You should also check the guarantee on any new boiler as most manufacturers will not accept a claim if the system hasn't been recently power flushed.


text:
Roots provide the foundation in the field for higher yields. Farm Journal Associate Field Agronomist Missy Bauer explains how these roots are the lifeline of the corn plant in episode 8 of Corn College TV.
"Head out with a shovel and dig up plants to see what's going on," Bauer says. "Clean up the rootball and get the extra soil off. Trim off the brace roots. They anchor soil, but they aren't the yielding power or capability of the plant."
To identify the crown roots, look and find the old seed.
"Snap that off. And at the base, the crown roots start there," Bauer explains. "They increase in diameter as the plant grows. And the first, second and third crown roots are the yielding power of the plant."
She says that those are the roots that supply most of the nutrients and water to the plant
Learn more in Episode 8 of Corn College TV.