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Excessive gassing is the immediate consequence of overcharging a battery (source). One way to overcharge your lawnmower battery is by leaving it connected to the charger for an extended period—like overnight. However, due to the emergence of smart chargers that stop charging when they reach the correct voltage, you may want to know if it's safe to charge your lawnmower battery overnight.
Charging a lawnmower battery overnight is unsafe when using a regular charger. It can overcharge your battery, risking excessive heating, sulfation, and gas venting. However, using smart trickle chargers with 6 or 12-volt settings is safer. These chargers detect when they attain the correct battery voltage—and stop charging.
In the rest of this article, I'll explain the consequences of overcharging your lawnmower's battery. I'll also discuss what to consider if you want to charge your lawn mower battery overnight. Let's get started!
Why Is It Unsafe To Charge a Lawnmower Battery Overnight?
The cost of a quality lawn mower battery is often more than $200. You don't want to incur unnecessary charges by simply overcharging your lawnmower's battery. Leaving a lawnmower charging overnight may have more consequences than just economic—let's explore these potential issues below!
Overcharging Creates Excessive Heat
At one point, you might have touched a charging battery and realized it was warm. When you charge a battery, chemical reactions occur in the cells, releasing heat as the by-product.
Both lithium-ion and lead-acid batteries are susceptible to heating. However, the battery experiences a thermal runaway when the chemical reactions that release heat occur at an accelerated rate (source). Thermal runaway is dangerous when the heat generated within the battery due to overcharging exceeds the heat dissipated to the surrounding.
Thermal runaway causes the battery to break down, reducing its ability to store charge. It's riskier in lead-acid batteries as it causes the vaporization of the internal water mixed with sulfuric acid, causing internal pressurization.
Overcharging Can Lead to Sulfation
Battery sulfation refers to the lead sulfate crystals that form on the battery's plates when it remains discharged for too long or you overcharge the battery.
Sulfation is a significant problem in lead-acid batteries because it reduces their capacity to store charge.
Although you can reverse battery sulfation, it's pretty challenging, and in most cases, you'll have to replace the battery.
Therefore, you should not overcharge your lawnmower's battery to prevent costly repairs or replacements.
Overcharged Batteries May Vent Gas
When you overcharge a lead-acid battery, the electrolyte breaks down to produce water and gas (hydrogen). The recombination of these gasses happens inside the battery, but some of the gas escapes through the vent holes.
Lithium-ion battery cells are also exposed to gassing when overcharged. The gas produced is explosive and can be a fire hazard if it accumulates in an enclosed space.
Moreover, battery gassing can release a poisonous hydrogen sulfide gas. This gas can be fatal if you inhale it in concentrated doses.
Leaking, Bulging, or Melting Batteries
As already discussed, overcharging a battery causes gases, internal component damage, and excess heat. These effects are catastrophic to the battery when combined. They cause the battery to leak, bulge, or melt.
A leaking battery exposes you and your environment to the corrosive and poisonous electrolyte. On the other hand, a bulging battery is a sign of an imminent explosion, while a melting one can catch fire. Therefore, it is best to ensure that your mower's battery is not over or undercharged.
What To Consider if Charging a Lawnmower Battery Overnight
We all know the annoyance of a dead lawn mower battery. One way to avoid this is by charging the battery overnight so you wake up to a fully-charged battery to start mowing.
However, your lawnmower's battery requires proper maintenance if you want to extend its lifespan. One way to keep that battery safe is by not overcharging it. Therefore, here are some factors you should consider before charging your lawnmower's battery overnight to prevent overcharging:
The Type of Lawnmower Charger
The charger you use is the number one consideration. Regular/standard battery chargers send a constant voltage to the battery until it's fully charged. The problem with these chargers is that they don't shut off when the battery is full. As a result, they overcharge and damage the battery.
Since the night is always longer (depending on when you plug the battery into the charger), using a standard charger is catastrophic for your lawnmower's battery. The battery will overcharge and suffer the consequences.
On the other hand, smart trickle chargers have an inbuilt mechanism that shuts off when the battery reaches its full charge (source).
Smart trickle chargers are either six or 12-volt, depending on your battery's capacity voltage. These chargers charge the battery at its self-discharge rate and stop charging when it reaches the six or 12-volt charge.
Using a smart trickle charger (link to Amazon) is essential because it not only prolongs your battery's lifespan but also protects it from overcharging.
The Type of Lawnmower Battery
Lawnmowers use three types of batteries:
- Lead acid batteries
- Lithium-ion batteries
- Lithium-ion phosphate batteries
Lithium-ion batteries are very susceptible to overcharging. These batteries often overcharge since they are not efficient in maintaining an identical state of charge (SOC) for all cells (source).
On the other hand, lead-acid batteries are pretty resistant to overcharging. However, they are not as efficient as lithium-ion in holding the charge.
Based on the above consideration, charging a lithium-ion lawn mower battery overnight is dangerous. The battery will overcharge, and you may wake up to a damaged battery. Therefore, it's safer to charge a lead acid battery overnight than a lithium-ion one.
The Lawnmower Battery Condition
It would be best also to consider the condition of your lawnmower's battery before you charge it overnight. A new or well-conditioned battery doesn't need an overnight charge because it can attain a full charge quickly.
On the other hand, if your battery is old or in poor condition, it may need an extended charging time, like overnight, to achieve a full charge. In this case, you can use a standard charger because the risk of overcharging is low. The key is to monitor the charging process closely to prevent overcharging.
It's evident from the above discussion that overcharging any lawnmower battery is dangerous. It's, therefore, essential to have a keen understanding of your battery and how to charge it safely.
You should not hesitate to seek professional help from qualified personnel if unsure about anything. Professionals will guide you on the best way to go about it without causing any damage. Remember, your safety comes first!


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"What cues are used to differentiate matter types?" is a question of differentiation, or telling matter types apart. Differentiation in chemical thinking is based on the assumption that every chemical substance has at least one differentiating property that makes it unique. Good differentiating properties do not depend on the amount of substance under analysis and have unique values for different materials. Examples include boiling points, solubilities in water, and molecular structure. The characterization of these differentiating properties is critical for the design of methods to separate substances, identify them, detect them in our surroundings, or quantify their amounts.
The Chemical Substances Inventory (CSI) formative assessment was developed by the ACCT team (indicated by the star), and the Rain Puddle formative assessment was designed by a past ACCT cohort member.
The CSI is a formative assessment tool for learning about how students think about identifying and differentiating chemical substances. It has been tested in middle school, high school, and university chemistry classes. More information about the CSI is freely available in an open-access article in the Jourrnal of Chemcal Education. The CSI Survey itself can be adapted by teachers to use as they wish. Refer to question 2 in each version of the survey to investigate students' chemical thinking regarding the question "What cues are used to differentiate matter types?
The Rain Puddle formative assessment asks students to evaluate four submicroscopic representations of evaporated water and say whether they agree or disagree that each is an accurate representation, and explain why. The focus of this formative asssessment is the process of evaporation as a physical change to matter, in order to make students' thinking visible regarding how they view what happens to water molecules after evaporation.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Analysis of Monoclonal Antibody Charge Variants by Capillary Zone Electrophoresis
Sep 03 2012
Author: Marcia R Santos on behalf of Beckman Coulter Ltd
Charge heterogeneity analysis is important in the characterisation of monoclonal antibodies because it provides important information about product quality and stability. Heterogeneity can be caused by such molecular adaptions as C-terminal lysine modification, deamidation, and post translational modification. One method for separating charge variants is capillary isoelectric focusing (cIEF) which provides information regarding isoelectric point variation for related molecular isoforms. cIEF requires electrophoretic separation in a coated capillary which helps suppress electro-osmotic flow (EOF) and prevents surface protein adsorption but can result in a fairly long cycle time and complex sample preparation.
We demonstrate here that by using a simple separation buffer system and a bare fused silica capillary, it is possible to obtain a highly resolved, reproducible separation of a representative monoclonal antibody in less than 12 minutes. We also demonstrate that while high resolution can be achieved using a short effective length (20cm), the fine structure of the monoclonal antibody used in this study can be revealed by increasing the effective length to 40cm.
In This Edition Evaluation of Recovery of Basic Analytes Using a Mixed-Mode Strong Cation Exchange SPE Microplate by HPLC-MS The Benefits of SEC-MALLS in Biopharmaceutical Applications...
View all digital editions
Jul 24 2022 Chicago, IL, USA
Jul 24 2022 Virtual event
Aug 21 2022 Chicago, IL, USA & Online
Aug 22 2022 Frankfurt, Germany
Aug 27 2022 Maastricht, Netherlands

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


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Voluntarily implemented carbon labels have shown that there is a lack of motivation by companies to develop technology to reduce carbon emissions. This study examined consumer values for mandatory carbon labels in South Korea. Considering the altruistic nature of carbon labels, we asked about individuals' perceptions about the impact of climate change on their personal lives to measure consumer preference for carbon labels. Significant preference for mandatory carbon labels reflected Koreans' high level of concern about climate change. As an increasing number of consumers feel the impact of climate change, the gap of WTPs between low carbon labels and carbon measured labels is sufficient. The lower value of low-carbon labels as compared to GM labels indicates that consumers' guilt is not an appropriate strategy with carbon labels.
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Change the Wi-Fi network of Chromecast or Chromecast Audio
Chromecast and Chromecast Audio devices can only remember one Wi-Fi network at a time. If you changed your Wi-Fi network and your device isn't currently connected to a Wi-Fi network, perform a factory reset and set up your Chromecast or Chromecast Audio on the new network.
If your Chromecast or Chromecast Audio is connected to an existing Wi-Fi network but you'd like to connect it to a new one, follow the steps below:
 1. Make sure your mobile device or tablet is connected to the same Wi-Fi as your Chromecast device.
 2. Open the Google Home app Google Home app.
 3. Tap your device.
 4. At the top right corner, tap Settings and then Wi-Fi and then Forget and then Forget network.
 5. You'll be taken back to your home screen.
 6. Follow the steps to set up your Chromecast with Google TVChromecast (3rd gen or older) or Chromecast Audio on a new network.
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American Indian Cigarettes
Want to learn more about Indian cigarettes? Read on for facts and info on cigarettes that were created by the Native American Indians…
Indian Cigarettes have an interesting history and background in their origin. The Native American Indians were known as smoking heads by the colonists who encountered them. They were known to smoke loosely rolled pieces of paper filled with tobacco. In fact tobacco was introduced to the whole world by Native Americans and was used as the precious commodity which filled the coffers of the British Empire.
Tobacco was the Americas equivalent of cash contribution to the British Empire as they colonized the world. As the colonists took over Indian land and their populations took a hit during the battles, Indians became more submissive. This resulted in basic levels of peace and promulgated the cultivation of different agriculture and trade crops. One of these trade crops was tobacco plantations.
Creation of Indian Reservations
After the colonization of North America and South America, Native Indians were confined to reserves and most of their traditions have been preserved in their native land. After fierce battles the native Indians refused to leave certain areas where their dead were buried and the belief in spirituality and preservation of their interaction with the universe and nature.
Popularity of Native Indian Cigarettes
As the Native Indians amalgamated with the rest of the population, an interesting law was passed in America. This law basically excludes Native Americans from paying taxes on regular consumer items and includes the sale and purchase of tobacco.
This means in turn that the American Indian can actually sell those products which they do not purchase after paying applicable taxes. This results in a cheaper option of commodities which can be purchased by non-native Americans either online or by visiting the reserves of the native Americans.
In earlier decades it was the common phenomena to see Americans rush to Indian reservations to purchase different commodities and save up on the cost.
Why would anyone want to spend an extra amount when they can get the same product and the quality for a little less online or by visiting the reservations?
By purchasing Indian cigarettes one could save on the hefty price tag of good cigarette brands but you would have to travel all the way to the Indian reservation. However, with the advance of technology you can actually now shop online and have access to duty-free prices and discounted prices from all over the world.
The prices in turn are similar to those available in the market at Indian reservations. Purchasing Indian cigarettes online means that you save yourself the hassle of driving all the way to the reservation and get the Indian cigarettes at your doorstep.
You can purchase famous brands like Misty, Spirit and Camel among others from the Indian Reservation or online vendors. In fact apart from this you can purchase fresh tobacco, rolling paper and different paraphernalia to create your own tobacco product.
Since Indian tobacco is famous for its quality this aspect is retained even till today. The high quality is the reason why people keep heading back by driving for miles to reach the reservations to purchase Indian cigarettes rather than pay full price at one of the tobacco stores close to home.


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Mango was ranked second in the prioritisation of value chains conducted at the commencement of the EI-ADO project.
The study focuses on mango production in NTB and EJ. It encompasses multiple issues deemed important for an understanding of the structure of the various mango value chains (within study provinces), their conduct and performance, as well as their potential as a vehicle for poverty reduction. Emphasis is given to the constraints faced by farmers and other chain actors, and the opportunities available to them, in the wider context of the mango sub-sector and its position in international trade.
- Early-season cultivation for increasing the incomes of mango growers.
- Enabling export development to drive improvements in farm productivity and profitability and generate onand off-farm employment.
- Upstream development of export and other quality chains to deliver significant income benefits to mango growers through higher yields and prices, while also generating on-farm employment opportunities.
- Processing to help address the main issue of concern to value chain actors, i.e. depressed prices during the main season, while also generating employment opportunities, especially for women.


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What Are Marine Grade Wires?
"Why are my copper wires silver?" or "Are your wires made with copper? Then why are they silver colored?" are questions we get all too often. The quick answer is yes, all of our wires are made from pure copper. However, tin is added to the wires to make them marine grade. Below we will discuss why pure copper wires aren't used in marine environment and why tin is applied.
Why Isn't Pure Copper Marine Grade?
Pure copper is a highly prized industrial metal due to its malleability, its ability to transmit electricity and heat, and its resistance to corrosion. It will always be the industry standard for creating wiring for these reasons. While copper it is able to resist corrosion fairly well, it can still oxidize and lose its electrical conductivity over time. Oxidation is a slow chemical reaction that occurs when copper is exposed to air. However, this process can speed up when it is exposed to high humidity and moisture; essentially a marine environment. This is why marine grade copper should be sought after over pure copper in a marine environment.
What Is Oxidation?
Oxidation is the chemical reaction of a substance transferring electrons with an ion, atom or molecule. When copper is exposed to the surrounding air, it reacts with oxygen and loses electrons. This process is accelerated in humid environments due to the increased water in the air, which can also oxidize the copper. You can see this reaction occurring when copper begins to turn a green or blue color; a well-known example of copper oxidation is the Statue of Liberty. This green/blue outer layer is called copper oxide and actually forms a protective layer around the rest of the copper preventing further corrosion. However, while it protects the copper from further corrosion, it decreases its electrical conductivity. This is not ideal for those who are looking for top performance from their trolling motor day in and out.
Tin is an extremely soft and pliable metal that has a variety of uses from soldering to coating other metals to prevent corrosion. Tin is used with copper due to its resistance to oxidation and water corrosion. It oxidizes at a much slower rate and is extremely compatible with copper. Tin is also used, as opposed to another metal, to reduce the chance of Galvanic Corrosion occurring. This is an electrochemical reaction in which one metal corrodes preferentially to another during electrical contact, in the presence of an electrolyte. This process could occur in your trolling motor as it is constantly used in water (an electrolyte) with electricity running through the motor. Tin is, therefore, one of the best choices for coating and protecting copper wiring.
Pure copper is great for electrical conductivity but can oxidize quickly in a marine environment and decrease its performance. The marine industry has addressed this issue by coating copper wires in tin. This forms a protective barrier that resists corrosion and keeps your wires conducting electricity properly. The silver colored wiring you see in your trolling motor is not an attempt to save money and give you a lower quality product, it's there to enhance the performance and improve the longevity of the motor. Newport Vessels doesn't cut corners, but rather strives to continually manufacture and produce quality products that last.
What Is The Best Outboard?You have probably stumbled upon this page looking for a single motor that is labeled "the best" by all. However, there isn't a single motor that will be able to cater to the needs of all boatmen, sailors, racers or adventurers. While most lean towards the conventional gas outboards for their [...]
If you own an inflatable boat or are looking to purchase one, getting an outboard motor or trolling motor for your boat has crossed your mind. Gas outboards are ideal for most dinghy owners that are looking for speed and power. Trolling motors are also a great alternative for owners looking for more green solutions [...]
How Long Does A Trolling Motor Battery Last?Two of the most common questions we receive are "How long will this motor run for?" and "How to calculate how long a battery will last?". These are common questions because they are very important in understanding how long to stay out on the water before heading back, [...]
Inflatable boats are extremely popular among boat lovers and sailing enthusiasts because they are versatile, durable, and remarkably portable. With the ability to be folded to less than half its size, you can bring them anywhere using whatever works best for you!If you plan to transport your dinghy while it is inflated, you can transport [...]
What's fascinating about fishing and other water recreational activities is that it allows you to embrace spontaneity -- no boundaries, no maps, no itineraries, no waiting -- just endless thrill and immeasurable fun. And for sailors and fishing enthusiasts alike, we can't deny that this is indeed our kind of adventure.Once you've tried recreational angling, [...]
Dinghy: Inflatable Boats vs. RIBsChoosing the "best dinghy" can be incredibly tough with the current surplus of different types and brands available today. When doing your research, keep in mind that the "best dinghy" will vary from person to person, and ultimately, depend on one that suits your personal preference, meets your requirements, fits within [...]
Looking for a discount?In today's competitive economy, price sensitive shoppers will not make a purchase without getting a discount. Many scour the web before making a purchase trying to maximize their savings. Some websites take advantage of this practice and advertising discount codes for every brand and website you can think of. However, as you [...]
Dinghy Design: Why are inflatable boats safe? Whether you already own a dinghy or are planning on acquiring one, it is beyond question that the safety of you and your passengers should always be of top priority. Dinghy design has come a long way since the early days of inflatable boats. Multiple independent air chambers are [...]
Many people think fishing is something you do only during summer, but many people don't realize that fishing is sometimes even better during the winter season! Read on to learn why open water winter fishing is something you should try this winter.Fishing during spring, summer, or autumn makes it certainly easier to navigate the ice [...]


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Topic: Laser communication with Arduino (Read 1 time) previous topic - next topic
Some time ago, I constructed a small unidirectional communication system using a laser. I connected an Arduino to a laser, and other Arduino to a LDR sensor. The laser sends pulses of light, the other Arduino receives. The Arduino that emits, is connected to a netbook, and receiving Arduino is connected to a desktop computer. In the video you can see when I send the string "hola laser" (hello laser) from the netbook to the desktop.
Greetings! Sorry for the language of the video!
Interesting,looks like its working on a slow morse speed.Can you tell me more about it?
Whats the code look like and what sort of speeds of modulation and demodulation are plausible?
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A team of researchers compare 15 king penguins and find out that penguins from areas of high human disturbance are less stressed by noise and approaching humans.
King penguins tolerate some, but not all, human interference. Research published in BioMed Central's open access journal, BMC Ecology, investigated the adjustment of a king penguin colony on the protected Possession Island in the subantarctic Crozet Archipelago to over 50 years of constant human disturbance, reported sciencedaily.com.
A team of researchers from the University of Strasbourg and the University of Lausanne compared 15 king penguins breeding in areas disturbed daily by humans and 18 penguins breeding in undisturbed areas. All penguins selected were brooding a chick aged from two days to one month.
Using heart rate to indicate the stress level of each penguin, they compared the stress response of penguins from the different areas to three stressors. Two low intensity stressors, a human approach to 10 meters and a loud noise, mimicked the actions of tourists, researchers and noises from machines when operating on the outskirts of the colony. One high intensity stressor, a capture, simulated researchers taking measurements.
Compared with penguins from undisturbed areas, penguins from areas of high human disturbance were less stressed by noise and approaching humans, but following capture, their maximum relative heart rate increased 42 percent although they then recovered faster.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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Consider the Source: Why Was Maitreya Too Fat to Sit in Full Lotus?
In the great Buddhist grottos at Dunhuang, the unequalled repository of Buddhist statues and art in China's far west, certain Buddha figures do not sit in full lotus as one might expect. Nor do they stand erect, another common posture. Instead, they sit with their legs crossed at their ankles, a puzzling, rather uncomfortable looking position. The Chinese scholar Gu Zhengmei argues that this posture is a sure sign that these statues represent Maitreya Buddha, the "Buddha to Come" who is said to appear in the world when all have forgotten the dharma. He claims that it is consistent with discoveries of Maitreya images not just at Dunhuang, but also in Greek-influenced Gandhara, where the first icons of the Buddha were found.


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Meaning of doubt
Pronunciation: (dout), [key]
- to be uncertain about; consider questionable or unlikely; hesitate to believe.
- to distrust.
- to fear; be apprehensive about.
- to be uncertain about something; be undecided in opinion or belief.
- a feeling of uncertainty about the truth, reality, or nature of something.
- a state of affairs such as to occasion uncertainty.
- fear; dread.
- with certainty; definitely.
- in a state of uncertainty or suspense: His appointment to the position is still in doubt.
- There is no doubt an element of truth in what you say.
- certainly:There is no doubt an element of truth in what you say.
- unquestionably; certainly.
- doubt (Thesaurus)


Running and Deploying Inference
Once you have a model that meets both OpenVINO™ and your requirements, you can choose how to deploy it with your application.
Local deployment uses OpenVINO Runtime that is called from, and linked to, the application directly. It utilizes resources available to the system and provides the quickest way of launching inference.
Deployment via OpenVINO Model Server allows the application to connect to the inference server set up remotely. This way inference can use external resources instead of those available to the application itself.
Apart from the default deployment options, you may also deploy your application for the TensorFlow framework with OpenVINO Integration.


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4 Safe Homemade Alternatives for Windshield Washer Fluid
As a child, you may have noticed a resemblance between brightly-colored windshield washer fluid and your favorite sugary drinks, which compelled you to speculate, "I wonder if that stuff Dad puts in his car is as tasty as my favorite blue juice."
If you did have that thought, good thing you never gave it a taste! Windshield washer fluid is made of methanol, also called methyl alcohol, and just a couple spoonfuls of it can be fatal.
Now, think about that toxicity as every car around the globe sprays it off its windshield to drain into the ground and sewers along the road. Can you imagine how many bottles of fluid that amounts to? Sure, the liquid is necessary to drive in snowy, dirty, and freezing conditions, but is there an alternative we could be using?
Good news: there is! We're proud to present a list of environmentally-friendly alternatives to methanol that you can mix yourself.
Have Questions About Financing Your Car? Get easy answers here!
- White Vinegar: This all-natural substance won't freeze in cold temperatures and is known for being an effective glass cleaner. Just dilute one part distilled white vinegar to three parts water to ensure that the acidity won't affect your car's paint or mechanical components.
- Rubbing Alcohol: Like vinegar, isopropyl alcohol also cleans dirt off of windows and is freeze-resistant. To dilute it, mix three cups with one gallon of water. Be sure not to ever put this flammable liquid in its pure form into your fluid tank.
- High Proof Vodka: True, it's a shame to waste good vodka to wash your windshield, but it is a comparable substitute for isopropyl if you're low on options. Follow the same instructions above.
- Household Glass Cleaner: While this substance is not completely natural, it's much less harmful than methanol. Mix one part glass cleaner to three parts water and toss in a spoonful of dishwasher fluid for good measure. Just note that this solution will only work for drivers in warm weather.
- Water: If you're in a bind and need something to keep the dust from the road off your windshield, a couple cups of pure water in the tank should be enough to keep the grime away. Just be absolutely sure you're in warm territory before making this decision, as frozen water can break your fluid tank. Pour in a bit of isopropyl if you're worried about that.
You can also add liquid castile soap to most of these mixtures for an extra boost of cleanliness. Or, you can combine them to form your own solution (like one gallon of water, one cup of glass cleaner, and a half cup of rubbing alcohol). Small steps like this may not seem like much, but will lead to fewer impacts on the environment.
How It Works: A helpful guide to the process of buying a car


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Objectives: To estimate the frequency and determine the risk factors for incident dementia in community-dwelling patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and in control subjects.
Design: Prospective cohort study. During a 3.5-year period, 140 patients with idiopathic PD without evidence of dementia and 572 nondemented control subjects were identified in the community of Washington Heights-Inwood in New York, NY. All subjects underwent neurological and neuropsychological evaluations and follow-up examinations.
Results: Twenty-seven patients with PD (19.2%) became demented throughout 2 years, as compared with 87 (15.2%) of the control subjects. The relative risk (RR) for the development of dementia with PD was 1.7 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1 to 2.7) after adjusting for age, education, and gender. Predictive features of incident dementia were an extrapyramidal score greater than 25 (RR, 3.56; 95% CI, 1.4 to 8.9) and a Hamilton Depression Rating Scale score greater than 10 (RR, 3.55; 95% CI, 1.6 to 7.9).
Conclusion: Patients with PD, especially those with severe extrapyramidal signs, have almost twice the risk for the development of dementia than do community-dwelling control subjects.


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The Dobongsan Car Park was initially planned by the Municipal Government of Seoul, as the part of a new traffic system at the boundary of the two metropolitan cities Seoul and Uijeongbu. Also, the client, Seoul Metropolitan Infrastructure Headquarters, wished to include public amenities such as a café and a lounge. This programmatic directive allowed the typical parking building to be re-imagined.
In this project, reinventing the parking structure began by rethinking the performance of the building envelope. Taking into account one of the primary problems with a typical parking structure–the dominance imposed by a large volume–the Dobongsan Car Park proposes a building envelope with a series of separated bands. Also, the main concept of the project, a parking structure as public space, is realized on the rooftop. Here the bands of the facade are manipulated to form an artificial landscape that creates a public garden and plaza.
In this way, the project successfully showcases a new type of a parking structure. It proves that a parking building can be more than a storage container for vehicles, it can also be a place for community and new encounters.


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Revisiting the Greed and Grievance Explanations for Violent Internal Conflict
Author: Syed Mansoob Murshed, Mohammad Zulfan Tadjoeddin
Access full text: available online
This Journal of International Development article assesses two recent explanations for the onset of internal conflict: greed and grievance. The former reflects elite competition over valuable natural resource rents. The latter argues that relative deprivation, and the grievance it produces, fuels conflict. However, this article argues that neither the presence of greed or grievance is sufficient for the outbreak of violent conflict. Violent conflict requires institutional breakdown, or the failure of the social contract.
Pure versions of the greed hypothesis are, on their own, unsatisfactory explanations for the causes of conflict. In reality the competing greed versus grievance hypotheses may be complementary explanations for conflict. The greed explanation for conflict duration and secessionist wars works in cross-country studies, but has to make way for grievance-based arguments in quantitative country case studies. Grievances and horizontal inequalities may be better at explaining why conflicts begin, but not necessarily why they persist. Neither the presence of greed or grievance is sufficient for the outbreak of violent conflict, something which requires institutional breakdown, which we describe as the failure of the social contract.
The breakdown of the social contract captures institutional malfunctioning and it is also crucial in transforming grievances into collective violence. A failing social contract may be the real signal of the risk of civil war.
- In certain instances, where there are substantial quantities of natural resource wealth, greed may be the dominant factor prolonging conflict, but without group formation (for which some historical grievances are important), violent collective action cannot take place.
- Some societies, despite having conditions pre-disposing them to civil war, such as horizontal inequality, polarisation and natural resource rents, do not descend into conflict.
- For the forces behind either greed or grievance to take the form of large-scale violence there must be other factors at work, specifically a weakening of the 'social contract'. This is similar to the weak state capacity, and by implication poor institutional quality.
- Even if rents from capturable resources do constitute a sizeable prize, violent conflict is unlikely to take hold if a country has a framework of widely agreed rules.
- Such a viable social contract can be sufficient to restrain, if not eliminate, opportunistic behaviour such as large-scale theft of resource rents, and the violent expression of grievance.
The degradation of the social contract is more likely in the context of poverty and growth failure.
- As yet, no empirical models at the level of cross-national analysis exist to properly test for the relative power of greed vis-a-vis horizontal inequality type grievances in explaining conflict onset.
- Greed and grievance can and do co-exist; because one breeds the other a model of their simultaneous determination is required, along with the contribution of poverty (which is chiefly about the lack of growth) and institutional quality.
- Furthermore, the existing econometric literature regarding the causes of conflict allows us to infer little about the true nature of the causal links between the phenomena examined.
- The most robustly significant predictor of conflict risk and its duration is some indicator of economic prosperity. At a higher income people have more to lose from the destructiveness of conflict; and higher per-capita income implies a better functioning social contract, institutions and state capacity.
Access full text: available online
Murshed, S. M. and Tadjoeddin, M. Z., 2009, 'Revisiting the Greed and Grievance Explanations for Violent Internal Conflict', Journal of International Development, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 87-111
Syed Mansoob Murshed


Wolfram Language
Structure-Preserving Smoothing
Total variation fit regularization can be used to filter out noise in a signal while at the same time preserving jumps that are significant.
This example demonstrates how straightforward modeling in terms of Wolfram Language functions can be used to implement total variation fit regularization in a natural way using NArgMin.
For a signal, this is done by finding values that minimize, where s is the vector with elements and λ is a parameter that is used to trade off between noise reduction and proximity to the signal.
Consider the Dow Jones Industrial Average stock index during the 2008 financial crisis. There is a lot of day-to-day volatility that over a long term can effectively be considered noise.
The signal is the sequence of values of the stock index.
Find the smoothed index for. Method->"Convex" is used, since other methods would be very slow if they succeeded at all for this many variables.
Compare the smoothed index with the actual index.
The smoothed index shows the main trends but misses some important features. There is a trade off between catching features and how much smoothing is done that is determined by. For, there is no smoothing and. On the other hand, as approaches, will approach a constant signal. A plot of the total variation versus the deviation from the original signal for different values of can give an indication of appropriate values of to achieve the best balance.
There is a noticeable bend in the curve around, indicating that this achieves a reasonable balance.
It is interesting to look at the smoothed index for some of the different values of.
The minimization can also be thought of in terms of doing a least squares fit with regularization. The new FitRegularization option may be used in Fit to do this.
Related Examples
de es fr ja ko pt-br zh


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The role of storytelling in website copywriting for travel websites
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When it comes to travel websites, storytelling plays a crucial role in engaging visitors and inspiring them to take action. Effective website copywriting goes beyond simply providing information about destinations and services. It creates a narrative that captivates the audience, evokes emotions, and ultimately drives conversions. In this article, we will explore the significance of storytelling in website copywriting for travel websites and how it can enhance the overall user experience.
The Power of Storytelling
Storytelling has been an integral part of human communication for centuries. It allows us to connect with others, share experiences, and convey complex ideas in a relatable manner. In the context of travel websites, storytelling helps create an emotional connection with potential travelers. By presenting captivating narratives, travel websites can transport users to different destinations, igniting their curiosity and desire to explore.
Creating an Emotional Connection
One of the main goals of a travel website is to evoke emotions and inspire visitors to take action. Whether it's booking a trip, signing up for a newsletter, or exploring more content, storytelling can play a key role in driving these actions. By crafting compelling narratives that highlight the unique experiences and benefits of a destination, travel websites can create an emotional connection with their audience.
Engaging the Audience
In an era where attention spans are decreasing, it's crucial for travel websites to engage their audience from the moment they land on the page. Storytelling can help capture attention and keep visitors engaged throughout their journey on the website. By presenting information in a narrative format, travel websites can make content more memorable and enjoyable to consume.
Building Trust and Credibility
Trust is essential in the travel industry, as travelers often rely on the information provided by websites to make informed decisions. By incorporating storytelling into website copywriting, travel websites can build trust and credibility with their audience. Authentic and relatable stories can help establish a connection with users, making them more likely to trust the website's recommendations and offerings.
Creating a Unique Brand Identity
In a highly competitive market, it's important for travel websites to differentiate themselves from their competitors. Storytelling can be a powerful tool in creating a unique brand identity. By crafting narratives that reflect the values, mission, and personality of the website, travel businesses can stand out and attract a loyal customer base.
Optimizing for SEO
While storytelling is important, travel websites also need to ensure that their content is optimized for search engines. By incorporating relevant keywords and phrases throughout the website copy, travel businesses can improve their visibility in search engine results. This requires a careful balance between storytelling and SEO techniques, ensuring that the content is both engaging and discoverable.
Measuring Success with Website Analytics
Website analytics play a crucial role in understanding the effectiveness of website copywriting and storytelling. By using tools like Google Analytics, travel websites can track key metrics such as website traffic, user engagement, and conversion rates. This data can help businesses identify areas for improvement, refine their storytelling strategies, and optimize the overall user experience.
In conclusion, storytelling is a powerful tool in website copywriting for travel websites. It allows businesses to create an emotional connection with their audience, engage visitors, build trust, and differentiate themselves from competitors. By incorporating storytelling techniques into their website content, travel businesses can enhance the overall user experience, inspire action, and ultimately drive conversions.
The use of call-to-action buttons on a portfolio website to encourage visitor engagement
Centric is in the business of reshaping the future. Our groundbreaking solutions and visionary designs revolutionize industries, turning ideas into realities that captivate audiences and catapult brands to the forefront of their markets.


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The members, staff, and board of the Yellow Dog Watershed Preserve are passionate about the Yellow Dog River, its watershed, and maintaining those high quality waterways and wilderness areas. We strive to inform, inspire, and engage the public, our local communities, and local government bodies. We do this by encouraging public participation in our seasonal activities and events and by attending and presenting at township meetings, advocating where necessary for changes or amendments to policy in order to protect our watershed.
In 2016, YDWP created the Yellow Dog Nature School whose mission is to provide outdoor nature based educational opportunities for students and the general public within and around the Yellow Dog Watershed. The Nature School holds workshops and environmental education classes on a variety of intriguing and creative topics designed to inspire participants to get involved with nature.
YDWP water quality program and education and outreach come together in the spring and fall of each year by gathering students and adults of all ages to come out and participate with water monitoring while learning about the larval stages of insects like dragonflies who live in our water systems and how these bugs are indicators of a river's health. Not only do participants learn about the aquatic stages of familiar bugs, they learn how to indentify other factors, like erosion or sedimentation that may indicate problems within the watershed. To further enhance water quality, YDWP offers opportunities for volunteers to plant native trees to help stabilize shorelines and to learn about and treat invasive plant species that may interfere with native plants and therefore natural wildlife habitat.
YDWP believes that experiential education is the best way to help build an active and informed multigenerational body of citizens who want to protect the land and the water that sustain them. Come out and join us!


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Goats Rue Tea (Galega officinalis) is found within the middle east and a few parts of Europe.
Farmers noticed that upon feeding their goats this herb, these goats had greater milk production. Today scientists know this is the case due to Goats Rue containing 'Prolactin', which promotes breast tissue growth.
Other uses of this tea include liver protection, and digestion problems.
From certified organic Australian suppliers


Project Management optimize
Use VBA to find late finish dates in Microsoft Project 2010
Reduce your project administration burden by using VBA code to identify late tasks within the context of your overall Microsoft Project 2010 schedule.
In my previous Microsoft Project 2010 Visual Basic programming tutorial, I demonstrated how to identify missing baseline dates from the project schedule. (Part one of this series covered how to use VBA code to extend the Ribbon UI and create a simple message.) Identifying late tasks in the project schedule is a common task that often requires filtering on baseline dates and sorting percent complete values. I prefer to gain insight into my project with a single click of a button versus setting more filters and views. In this tutorial, I show how to identify all the late tasks in your project schedule with the click of a button (Figure A). Figure A
Project schedule with late tasks (Click the image to enlarge.)
The logic includes the following steps:
1. Select the Gantt Chart view and activate the Entry table.
2. Confirm the Project Status date Microsoft Project has been set.
3. For each task in the schedule, check the Baseline Finish date to the Project Status date.
4. If the Baseline Finish date is less than the Project Status date and the Task % Complete is not 100%, then toggle the background color to yellow.
5. Select the 1st row in the schedule when the checking is complete.
To build this custom task field highlighting feature, create the VBA routine as follows in these step-by-step instructions.
Step 1: Add the menu item to the Navigation bar
Using the Visual Basic editor in the Developer tab, I'll add the Toggle Late Tasks button to the Utilities group that I created in the previous tutorial:
myNavBar = myNavBar + " "
This snippet of code will add another button to the MyTools group of buttons on the Utility tab (Figure B). Figure B
VBA editor (Click the image to enlarge.)
Step 2: Build the VBA subroutine
In the Visual Basic editor, create a new subroutine called toggleLateFinish and paste the following code:
Sub ToggleLateFinish()
'Check Project Status Date is set
If ActiveProject.StatusDate = "" Then
MsgBox "Please set the Project Status Date to toggle late tasks"
Exit Sub
End If
Dim tsks As Tasks
Dim t As Task
Dim rgbColor As Long
Dim missingBaselineCt
Set tsks = ActiveProject.Tasks
'Switch to Gantt Chart Entry View
ViewApplyEx Name:="&Gantt Chart", ApplyTo:=0
TableApply Name:="&Entry"
missingBaselineCt = 0
For Each t In tsks
If (Not t Is Nothing) And (Not t.Summary) Then
SelectTaskField Row:=t.ID, Column:="Name", RowRelative:=False
rgbColor = ActiveCell.CellColorEx
'Check for missing baseline and increment counter
If t.BaselineFinish = "NA" Then
missingBaselineCt = missingBaselineCt + 1
If t.BaselineFinish < ActiveProject.StatusDate And t.PercentComplete <> 100 Then
' Check whether the task color is white.
If rgbColor = &HFFFFFF Then
Font32Ex CellColor:=&H66FFFF 'Change the background to yellow.
Font32Ex CellColor:=&HFFFFFF 'Change the background to white.
End If
'change the background to white.
Font32Ex CellColor:=&HFFFFFF
End If
End If
End If
Next t
'Selects the top row in the table
SelectRow Row:=0, RowRelative:=False
If missingBaselineCt > 0 Then
MsgBox "There are " & missingBaselineCt & " tasks missing a baseline finish date. Set a baseline date for these tasks for accurate metrics"
End If
End Sub
Step 3: Save your file and test it
Save the file, close Microsoft Project, and re-open it to test the new Toggle Late Tasks feature (Figure C). Figure C
Toggle Late Tasks button
The task name field will toggle between white and yellow background color. You can filter by the Resource Names column (Figure D) to identify all the late tasks, while viewing all the tasks assigned to the filtered resource. Figure D
Filter by Resource and Late Finish (Click the image to enlarge.)
In large project schedules with filtered tasks, the project team can lose the context of the task within the overall task hierarchy. The benefit of the approach outlined in this tutorial is that you and your project team can see the late tasks within the context of the overall schedule. Download the sample code for this tutorial, and feel free to experiment with the code to change the color or highlight a different field.
In the final installment in this series, I'll show how to generate project metrics with Visual Basic programming.
This is excellent. How could a script account for late starts. The query would need focus on the Actual Start missing prior to the schedule date but I don't know what that would look like in VBA.
I would define a late start where the ActualStart is > Baseline Start, so you would adjust the IF statement: If t.ActualStart > t.BaselineStart Then (Treat that line as pseudo code as I'm typing it..vs building it into the script) If you didn't want to use VBA, you could also do a custom highlight filter Andy


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Touch DNA evidence is increasingly being collected and analyzed during criminal investigations. The purpose of this study was to determine if a significant amount of male (suspect) touch DNA can be collected from the clothes of assaulted victims after varying time intervals. A "grab and struggle" model was used to transfer touch DNA materials from human volunteers onto three types of fabrics (cotton, polyester, and a cotton/polyester blend). This was designed to replicate a sexual assault, in which a male acted as an "assailant" and grabbed different fabric covered arm areas of a female volunteer "victim". Afterwards, three cuttings from each fabric sample were taken and extracted at 12 hours and 7 days post-deposition. The extracts were then quantified using the Quantifiler®Duo DNA quantification kit. The maximum yield of DNA from cotton fabric 12 hours post-deposition was 7 pg/ul and 5 pg/ul for total human DNA and human male DNA, respectively. The limit of detection of the Quantifiler Duo kit is 23 pg/ul, therefore these results are below standard profile detection range. No significant deterioration of DNA yield between the two time intervals (12 hours and 7 days) was observed. Variation between the tested fabrics and the areas of sampling could not be determined due to the very small quantities measured.
This study did not find useful amounts of touch DNA on clothes after this assault model. Results are limited by a relatively small sample size and the assault model parameters; however, these results do not support the routine use of touch DNA evidence from clothes in similar assault cases.


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School Libraries, Information Literacy and Reading Promotion Initiatives in Spain
School libraries in Spain have evolved very quickly in recent years. The educational authorities have been approving school library development policies, and this has greatly improved the situation of these libraries in Spain. This paper will discuss three different aspects of school libraries in Spain: their current situation, plans to promote reading, and information literacy activities. First, the current situation of school libraries in Spain will be discussed, based on different types of data relating to these libraries. Second, the information literacy initiatives that are being implemented in Spain will be analyse
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.


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Available tools on OSGeoLive Image
1. OSGeoLive 13.0 Contents

2. EOData
Attention!
Your virtual machine has to be launched in project with EO DATA!
Some tools such as GIS may have access to data from EOData from the file system.
First, the resource for EOData should be mounted.
Go to System ToolsLXTerrminal:
Perform the following commands on the terminal:
sudo mount /eodata
ls /eodata
You can find more information about mounting EOData resources here
Using the "ls" command you can check the EOData resource has been mounted.

3. GIS example
On the example of GIS, the user may have access to data from EROData from the program level.
Using the Finder you can find the product you are interested in. You can check how to search for a product using the Finder here.
In the Browser panel you can go to a specific product from EOData.


text: Simultaneous machine translation has recently gained traction thanks to significant quality improvements and the advent of streaming applications. Simultaneous translation systems need to find a trade-off between translation quality and response time, and with this purpose multiple latency measures have been proposed. However, latency evaluations for simultaneous translation are estimated at the sentence level, not taking into account the sequential nature of a streaming scenario. Indeed, these sentence-level latency measures are not well suited for continuous stream translation, resulting in figures that are not coherent with the simultaneous translation policy of the system being assessed. This work proposes a stream level adaptation of the current latency measures based on a re-segmentation approach applied to the output translation, that is successfully evaluated on streaming conditions for a reference IWSLT task.


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To carry out this activity we will take Spain as an example. According to the Soil Taxonomy Classification established by the US Soil survey staff, we can find 4 types of soil orders in Spain.
We will use a map where we appreciate these different types of soil orders but the only information that we have in the Attributes table is their names. Therefore we are going to join information so that we can also find the description of each type of soil in the attributes table.
We need to do a Table "Join" to do so. To link the Excel table to the attributes table we need a column indicating the name of the types of soil orders and another column with the information that we are interested in including. In this case, with the soil orders characteristics.
Right click the layer in ArcGIS and choose "Join and Relates" > "Join".
In the dialog box fill in the fields as follows:
- What do you want to join to this layer?: select "Joins attributes from a table" (this is important because choosing the other option will generate a completely different table).
- Field number "1": Select the field form the attributes table that we will use as join, this is, the filed that ArcGIS will join to the Excel table.
- Field number "2": Select the table to join to this layer, in this case the Excel Sheet 1.
- Field number "3": Choose the column in which the join will be based.
Both columns are named "soil_orders" (in the Attributes Table) and "types of soil order" (in the Excel table).
- "Join options" is to decide if we want to keep all records (maintaining all attributes including those that do not share the common field with the table, appearing the word "Null" instead) or just the matching ones between tables (it will only keep those records with a matching record, erasing the ones that don't).
For this example it doesn't really matter as in the Excel table we only have records that are matching.
The resulting table will be an attributes table joined to the Excel table and it will look like this:
In case we have made a mistake or we are not interested anymore we can remove the join by right clicking on the layer and choosing Join and Relates > Remove Join(s) > Remove All Joins.
We can carry out several joins as long as the join is not using the same attributes field (column).
Quality training taught by professionals


Cable, Wisconsin
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Cable, Wisconsin
Location of Cable, Wisconsin
Location of Cable, Wisconsin
Coordinates: 46°12′11″N 91°16′0″W / 46.20306°N 91.26667°W / 46.20306; -91.26667
Country United States
State Wisconsin
County Bayfield
 - Total 71.4 sq mi (184.9 km2)
 - Land 69.2 sq mi (179.3 km2)
 - Water 2.2 sq mi (5.7 km2)
Elevation[1] 1,362 ft (415 m)
Population (2000)
 - Total 825
 - Density 12.1/sq mi (4.7/km2)
Time zone Central (CST) (UTC-6)
 - Summer (DST) CDT (UTC-5)
ZIP code 54821
Area code(s) 715 and 534
FIPS code 55-11675[2]
GNIS feature ID _PHONE_[1]
Cable is a town in Bayfield County, Wisconsin, United States. Its population was 825 at the 2010 U.S. census.[3] The census-designated place of Cable and the unincorporated communities of Leonards and Radspur are located in the town.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 71.4 square miles (185.0 km²), of which, 69.2 square miles (179.3 km²) of it is land and 2.2 square miles (5.6 km²) of it (3.05%) is water.
Cable is located 16 miles northeast of the city of Hayward.
As of the census[2] of 2000, there were 836 people, 381 households, and 230 families residing in the town. The population density was 12.1 people per square mile (4.7/km²). There were 697 housing units at an average density of 10.1 per square mile (3.9/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 99.16% White, 0.24% Native American, 0.12% Asian, 0.24% from other races, and 0.24% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.12% of the population.
There were 381 households out of which 24.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.9% were married couples living together, 6.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 39.4% were non-families. 32.3% of all households were made up of individuals and 11.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.19 and the average family size was 2.76.
In the town the population was spread out with 22.1% under the age of 18, 3.2% from 18 to 24, 30.1% from 25 to 44, 28.5% from 45 to 64, and 16.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females there were 104.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 104.1 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $31,250, and the median income for a family was $36,250. Males had a median income of $26,645 versus $16,484 for females. The per capita income for the town was $16,985. About 8.5% of families and 11.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 16.3% of those under age 18 and 13.6% of those age 65 or over.
Coordinates: 46°12′29″N 91°17′32″W / 46.20806°N 91.29222°W / 46.20806; -91.29222
U.S. Highway 63 and County Highway M serve as main routes in the community.
Cable is the starting point of the American Birkebeiner cross-country skiing race, which ends in nearby Hayward, and the end point of the Chequamegon Fat Tire Festival mountain bike race.
 3. ^ "Community Facts" (in English). American Factfinder. 2010. Retrieved 17 February 2014.


text:
Sitting Comfortably? Exploring Asian Aspirations and Professional Identity
The dental profession has recently undergone a number of radical changes, most notably with the introduction of the dental contract, which debuted in April 2006. Such a dynamic shift has been met with mixed responses and questions are currently being raised surrounding the professional and personal values of newly qualified dentists (The Patients' Association, 2008).
In turn, concerns are raised about levels of preparedness within higher education. As a community of educators, it is important for us to realise the ambitions of those we train to be professionals as we are somewhat responsible for instilling a sense of proficiency within them (Macfarlane, 2004). According to the higher education statistics agency, (HESA, 2006/07), predominantly large numbers of those studying to become dentists are of South Asian heritage and female. It is suggested that culture, in its broadest sense, has a significant impact upon their notion of professional identity.
Preliminary research is presented in this paper which highlights the aspirations of a sample group of dental students, from the South Asian community with respect to their profession. Initial findings reflect the discussions introduced by Bordieu (1984) on cultural capital and moreover its prevalent influence in terms of making professional choices.
Keywords: British-Asian Students, Professional Values, Cultural Identity, Higher Education
Dr. Deesha Chadha
Lecturer in Higher Education, King's Learning Institute, King's College London


text:
Use buttons to control the motors
After the project file is downloaded locally, it can be imported into MakeCode for viewing and re-editing, or it can be burned directly to micro:bit via USB to run.
- Stop when starting or resetting.
- Press the button A and B at the same time to go straight.
- Press button A to turn right.
- Press the button B to turn left.
InHardware analysis and calibration: Drive circuit,There is a switch in the drive circuit, which can switch the drive circuit from LM393 voltage comparator control to micro:bit control. The micro:bit control method of the drive circuit is the same as the LM393 voltage comparator, starting at low level and stopping at high level.


text:
Key words Pes cavus
Magnetic resonance imaging
Peroneus longus hypertrophy
Springer Online Journal Archives _PHONE_
Abstract Enlargement of the peroneus longus muscle is a common occurrence in patients with forefoot pes cavus, and may contribute to the cavus deformity. The present study compares the morphology of up to five lower leg muscles from 17 patients with forefoot pes cavus with those of normal muscles. Eight cases had an identifiable neurogenic cause for the cavus. In four cases of hereditary motor-sensory neuropathy, the tibialis anterior showed more severe damage than the peroneus longus. In two cases of cerebral palsy, fibre atrophy and increased oxidative enzyme activity were observed. In nine clinically idiopathic cases, the histological appearances ranged from normal to generalised fibre atrophy or hypertrophy in individual muscles. There was a trend for the mean fibre area to be greater in peroneus longus than in tibialis anterior in six of the idiopathic group of patients. The muscle cross-sectional area on magnetic resonance imaging was correlated closely with the mean fibre area measured on tissue sections. In idiopathic forefoot pes cavus, fibre hypertrophy in peroneus longus (relative to tibialis anterior) may contribute to the cavus deformity. Muscle fibre hyperplasia may contribute to the peroneal muscle enlargement in Friedreich's ataxia. In none of the cases was peroneus longus enlargement due to fat or fibrous tissue replacement.
Type of Medium:


text:
Maintenance costs will vary greatly depending on the type
of trail, amount of volunteer labor use, available services, and geographic
location of the trail. These costs, however, must be considered during the
trail planning process, to ensure that trail owners can pay for the ongoing
maintenance of the trails they develop.
Maintenance costs are rarely broken down into specific
tasks such as those listed in Table 7-1. Most trails
will be maintained by an existing agency, such as a local or state park,
public works, or maintenance department. Estimated costs, therefore, are
broken down by the type of maintenance performed. There are three basic types
- Routine maintenance includes all the general activities -- such as brush
clearing, trash collection, and sweeping that may take place on a
regular basis throughout a season.
- Minor Repairs refer to activities that can be expected every five years
or so, such as amenity replacement, trail sealcoating, repainting, or restriping.
- Major Reconstruction refers to significant expenditures involving resurfacing
or reconstruction. These activities are the most costly trail maintenance
activities and should be planned for in advance.
Most of the routine maintenance of a trail facility will
be performed by an existing agency or a volunteer group. Local trail owners
should be well equipped to include trail maintenance into their parks or
public works maintenance budgets and activities. Activities that should be
considered as routine maintenance include:
- Yearly facility evaluation to determine the need for minor
- Tree/brush clearing
- Map/signage updates
- Trash removal/litter clean-up
- Repair flood damage: silt clean-up, culvert clean-out, etc.
- Patching, minor regrading, or concrete panel replacement
- Snow grooming and/or plowing for winter-use trails
- Planting, pruning, and general beautification
- Installation and removal of seasonal signage
The yearly cost for routine maintenance depends on the
maintenance capabilities already in place by the trail owner and the amount
of volunteer labor used. In general, yearly routine maintenance costs can
be estimated at $1,500 per mile. This figure assumes a single season trail,
and may increase if a trail is groomed or plowed for winter use. This cost
is estimated in year 2000 dollars, and will be affected by inflation. For
a discussion on inflation, see Chapter 5: Cost Analysis.
The need for minor repairs should be determined by a yearly
facility evaluation (see routine maintenance above). Minor repairs may include
the following activities:
- Replacement, repair, or repainting of trail support amenities, such as
restrooms, signage, benches, trash receptacles, or hitching posts
- Replacement of a portion of the trail
- Restriping of trails
- Sealcoating of asphalt trails
The cost for replacement, repair, or repainting of trail
amenities is based on the initial cost of those amenities. Trail operators
should maintain records of the general costs of trail amenities as a means
of estimating future repair and replacement costs. If custom elements, such
as lighting, decorative railings, or benches, are used in trail design, the
trail owner should consider ordering extra elements at the time of construction
and storing them for future use, thereby defraying the cost of single-runs
Replacement of a portion of a trail may be necessary if
severe flooding, continual erosion, or weak soils cause periodic difficulties
with trail maintenance. For estimated costs for new trail construction, see
Chapter 5: Cost Analysis.
Restriping of trails will cost the same (in year 2000 dollars)
as the original striping. The trail owner should keep a record of the original
bid to determine the price of restriping a trail using contracted labor.
In many cases, it is cost effective to perform restriping along with other
trail or highway maintenance. In such instances, the trail owner itself will
be the best source of costing information.
Sealcoating of asphalt trails should take place approximately
every five years. This will increase the longevity of the trail and provide
a quality riding surface. When performed, sealcoating will cost approximately
$3,500 per mile for a 6-foot pedestrian trail and approximately $5,800 per
mile for a 10-foot multi-use trail. A periodic cost such as this should be
included in the trail owners Capital Improvement Program, in order
to ensure that adequate funding is available.
There are essentially two activities that are considered
to be major reconstructions:
- Resurfacing of asphalt trails
- Complete replacement, regrading, and resurfacing of all trails
Asphalt trails will need to be resurfaced approximately
every 10 years, depending on how well they have been maintained. A resurfacing
typically involves placing an asphalt overlay on an existing asphalt surface
in order to erase cracks and bumps. It is not a perfect solution, as weak
underlying soils or tree root penetration will eventually affect this top
layer, but it does offer a lower cost means of extending a trails life.
The cost for resurfacing can be based on unit costs shown in Chapter
5: Cost Analysis. Asphalt surfacing costs approximately $1 per square
foot for a 4-inch depth. Asphalt overlays should have a depth of 1 to 2 inches.
Table 7-2 offers some sample costs for asphalt resurfacing.


text:
VRML Script Tutorial
VRML Interactive Tutorial
Hierarchical Node Structures
Defining and Instancing Nodes
Defining Levels of Detail
Events in VRML
The sky is defined as a infinitely large sphere placed around your world. You can define a constant color for it, or have gradient effects.
The sky color is defined by two fields: skyColor and skyAngle. If you want a single color sky, like the figure on the left above, then you specify a skyColor as the RGB of the desired color, don't specify the skyAngle. The skyAngle is only used when a gradient effect, like the image on the right above, is intended. If you want a gradient effect then you specify the color for the upper pole of the sphere as the first color in the field skyColor. Next you specify at which angle you want a new color (the angle is measured from the upper pole) in the skyAngle. The second color in the skyColor field specifies this last color. The browser should create a gradient between the first and second colors, starting at the upper pole and ending at the angle specified in the skyAngle field. You can specify any number of colors and angles, the number of angles should be the number of colors minus 1. The first color always corresponds to the upper pole. For instance the following combinations were used to create the above images:
|0 (upper pole)||0 0 1|
|0 (upper Pole)||0 0 1|
|1.2||0 0 0.6|
|1.57||1 0 0|
On the left image only one color was specified. In this case no angles are specified because the first color is always the upper pole color. The Sky is all blue.
On the right image from 1.57, roughly 90 degrees, to the lower pole the color used is the last color specified, i.e. red.
Similarly to the sky, the ground is also an infinitely large sphere. The ground sphere is placed inside the sky sphere. The only difference between these two spheres is that in the ground sphere if you do not specify a color, you can see through it, i.e. you can see the sky sphere. Usually, for the ground sphere colors are only provided for the bottom hemisphere.
The following images provides a ground combined with a sky.
The ground color and angles used were:
|3.14 (lower pole)||0.5 0.5 0|
|1.57||0.5 0.5 0|
From 1.57 radians to the upper pole the ground is transparent because no color was specified, therefore allowing you to see the sky sphere. Note that you must specify at least two colors for the ground, otherwise there will be no ground. If you want a ground with a constant color just specify twice the same color. Specifying only one color doesn't provide you with a background.
You can place images on the sides, top and bottom of a conceptually infinitely large box placed inside the ground sphere. Since the box is placed inside the sky and ground spheres, in order to see through these you should use images with transparent parts.
The source code that follows was used to produce the background for the above image
The image used for the sides of the box is
The border presented in the image is only to give you the notion of the image size, it is not part of the image. Black is the transparent color of this image. Looking at the image one can see that the mountains start only at half of the image, they don't start from the bottom of the image. This is because the desired effect was to have the mountains starting when the ground was over and the sky started.
Lighthouse 3D privacy statement


text:
Now that you have your breeding pair, all you have to do is introduce them.
Gerbils are very territorial creatures and will not tolerate being put together without any sort of introduction. Improper introduction will usually result in fighting and your gerbils can get severely hurt.
In the wild, one gerbil would chase the intruder away, but in a tank there is nowhere to go and so they will fight to the death.
There are some instances, however, where an introduction period may not be necessary. If both gerbils are under the age of 8 weeks, or if one is a lone adult male gerbil and the other is a female gerbil under the age of 8 weeks, a split cage may not be needed. In both these cases, the gerbils may take to each other immediately, but if you see any hostility, you will need to use one of the two methods below.
Main methods of introducing gerbils
Split cage method
For this method you will need a tank and a piece of wire mesh (hardware cloth) that is cut to fit diagonally across the tank, from top to bottom.
You want to use wire mesh with small holes, no larger than 1/2 inch, otherwise the gerbils can harm each other through the divider.
I personally use 1/4 inch wire mesh and have had no problems with biting injuries.
You also want to make sure that there is no space that a gerbil can squeeze through to get at the other gerbil.
I place a heavy object, such as a dictionary, on top of the tank to weigh down the lid. This prevents the gerbils from sneaking over top of the divider. Make sure the tank has been thoroughly cleaned with regular soap, rinsed with water and dried completely. Then you should add fresh bedding. I like to keep the tank empty except for shavings, a toilet paper roll and some tissue for bedding on each side of the split. I find the introduction process takes longer if there is additional toys and housing in the tank that could distract the gerbils from the introduction.
Now that your tank is ready, place one gerbil on each side of the split cage. The gerbils may exhibit aggressive behaviour such as chewing at the divider or they may just calmly sniff each other through the holes. Don't be worried that they are acting aggressively, it just means they will likely need to be split for a longer period of time. You want to switch the gerbils to each other's side of the tank about 4 times a day. This allows them to learn each other's scent and eventually no longer recognize the other gerbil as a threat. The split cage can take anywhere between 2 days and 2 weeks. Even if it takes longer than that, it is okay, just have patience. I have never had a split cage fail yet!
This method is very similar to the split-cage method, except you use a small wire cage to split the gerbils rather than a divider.
Just like the split-cage method, you want to clean the tank and the cage very well with soap and water and dry them completely.
Then you can add shavings, some cardboard and some facial tissue in both the tank and cage.
Place one gerbil in the tank and the other in the cage. Switch them about 4 times a day until they are ready to introduce.
I don't like the cage-within-cage method as much because the cage bars tend to be spaced more far apart than the holes in the wire mesh. A very determined gerbil could manage to bite the other gerbil through the cage bars. Some people have had great luck with the cage-within-cage method, but I've always used the split-cage method instead.
Putting your gerbils together
The best indicator that your gerbils are ready to have the split removed, is if you seem them sleeping next to each other through the divider.
Another great sign is if you observe them grooming each other.
Some gerbils never exhibit this sort of behaviour, however. In that case, you may just need to introduce them when they stop marking everything frantically when you switch their sides.
If they seem to be nonchalant about the existance of the gerbil on the other side of the split, then it may be time to try removing the barrier.
When you do remove the split, make sure to wear thick leather gloves and have an extra container to put the other gerbil in if they fight. If the gerbils do decide to fight, you don't want to stick your bare hand in there, because they will bite you. I can tell you from experience that it really hurts!
It is perfectly normal for gerbils that have been introduced to sniff each other's rear ends a lot. There may be some thumping and often the gerbils will try to mark each other with their scent gland (looks kind of like mating, but isn't). Boxing behaviour is pretty normal too, where they stand on their hind legs and swat each other with their paws. These behaviours are quite harmless unless they get out of hand. You need to watch the gerbils for at least 2 hours to make sure that they are going to get along. If they start grooming each other or you see them sleeping in a nest together, then they probably will be fine.
If you see any overly aggressive behaviour, you will need to resplit your gerbils and try again. Please don't lose hope, these things happen. With patience, you should see your gerbils together eventually. I have never had a split-cage fail before. The general rule is to try split-caging your gerbils for 2 full weeks. If they fight, then split cage them again. If the third time fails, then they will probably never live together. I cannot stress enough that you need lots of patience.
Aggressive behaviour includes actual fighting, where the two gerbils roll into a ball and are biting each other's throats. If they roll into a ball, you must seperate them immediately! This is a fight to the death! Another warning sign is if you see one gerbil chasing the other gerbil crazily, and the gerbil being chased is squeaking wildly. These gerbils would need to be resplit. Other things to watch for are aggressive marking where one gerbil won't leave the other alone and overgrooming where the gerbil being groomed is squeaking a lot.


text:
Woven Thermal Protection System for Future Planetary Entry Missions
NASA's Woven Thermal Protection System (WTPS) project explores an innovative way to design and manufacture a family of ablative TPS materials using weaving technology and testing them in the arc jet. Woven TPS can be rapidly manufactured at low-cost, and could provide a sustainable and scalable TPS solution for future planetary entry/return missions. The woven carbon fabric, in combination with resin infusion through a resin transfer molding process, creates a TPS material capable of handling entry heating between 2,000 and 10,000 W/cm2. Woven TPS material also exhibits greater structural capability making them suitable for multifunctional applications. One such application currently being investigated is the use of woven material in the design of compression pads for the Orion Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle.


text:
Porcelain fuse cut out 24kV/100A（200A）
1.Using Environment Conditions:
1.1 Product Normal Using Conditions
1.1.1 Product normal temperature: -40℃~+40℃;
1.1.2 Altitude :≤1000M.
1.1.3 Max. Wind speed :≤ 35m/s.
1.1.4 Earthquake intensity: ≤ 8 degree.
1.2 Product is not suitable for following location:
1.2.1 Inflammation or explosive dangerous area.
1.2.2 Intensive shake or shock area.
1.2.3 Conducting electric,chemical gas as well as heavy pollution & salt fog area.
2.1 Mountingthe fuse cutout on the bracket and fix it by bolt.
2.2 Setting the fuse cutout to the suitable position and fix it,making sure it is safe and stable.
2.3 Connecting the conduct wire with upper and lower joint clamp by boltt,it must be connected firmly.
IEC 62217IEC60255 IEC60282


text:
SONIC Starter Culture consists of 100% natural beneficial microorganisms of mostly lactic acid bacteria, yeasts and fermenting fungi.
Beneficial microorganisms help improve:
- Seed germination, plant and tree health
- Soil microbiology
- Plant health and yield
- Pest deterrent and plant immunity
- Plant nutrient uptake
- Speed up composting process
- Elimination of odors, including ammonia and hydrogen sulfide
SONIC Starter Culture is used in making Biologically active, or 'living', Fertilisers, and contributes to a balanced break down of organic matter.
The Starter Culture discourages bad odour because it keeps the balance of beneficial bacteria through the brewing process. Most of all though, beneficial microorganisms naturally 'amplify' the nutrient content by making the minerals biologically available.
Starter Culture can be applied as an inoculant to increase beneficial microbial diversity, and is used to cultivate microorganisms to decompose, regenerate and add value to organic matter.


text:
During my MEng at the University of York, I explored design sonification systems to support the analysis of NMR spectral data. This work included sound design and participatory design sessions with analytical chemists to explore the use of different sonification strategies.
The final design focused on two sonifications strategies based on feedback sessions with chemist: an interactive parameter mapping to scan through the data and a "spectral audification" method, to get an easy overview of the spectra.
The spectral audification treated the NMR spectra as an audio spectrum, giving each spectra a different timbre and allowing quick comparison. This work took inspiration from a previous project exploring how mapping different parameters of metals to different sound parameters of sound could aid in comparisons of metal types:
For more on the design process and alternate designs:


text:
Atmo-Pollukinesis- The ability to manipulate the weather infused with hazerdous elements.
The user is able to manipulate the weather and have it be infused with elemets of pollution, such as fallout and sludge. This power can be incredable dangerous without training or self-control.
- Create clouds that downpour caustic rain upon areas.
- Blast out gales of wind that acceclerate choking smog.
- Create hailstorms mixed with fallout, making a combo of cold and radiation for damaging large areas.


This documentation is archived and is not being maintained.
DataList.HeaderTemplate Property
Gets or sets the template for the heading section of the DataList control.
Namespace: System.Web.UI.WebControls
Assembly: System.Web (in System.Web.dll)
[BrowsableAttribute(false)]
[TemplateContainerAttribute(typeof(DataListItem))]
[PersistenceModeAttribute(PersistenceMode.InnerProperty)]
public virtual ITemplate HeaderTemplate { get; set; }
<asp:DataList>
 <HeaderTemplate>ITemplate</HeaderTemplate>
</asp:DataList>
Property Value
Type: System.Web.UI.ITemplate
A System.Web.UI.ITemplate that contains the template for the heading section of the DataList control. The default value is null.
Use the HeaderTemplate property to control the contents of the heading section. The appearance of the header section is controlled by the HeaderStyle property.
NoteNote
The ShowHeader property must be set to true for this property to be visible.
To specify a template for the heading section, place the <HeaderTemplate> tags between the opening and closing tags of the DataList control. You can then list the contents of the template between the opening and closing <HeaderTemplate> tags.
Caution noteCaution
This control can be used to display user input, which might include malicious client script. Check any information that is sent from a client for executable script, SQL statements, or other code before displaying it in your application. You can use validation controls to verify user input before displaying the input text in a control. ASP.NET provides an input request validation feature to block script and HTML in user input. For more information, see Securing Standard ControlsHow to: Protect Against Script Exploits in a Web Application by Applying HTML Encoding to Strings, and Validating User Input in ASP.NET Web Pages.
TopicLocation
How to: Create ASP.NET Web Control Templates DeclarativelyBuilding ASP .NET Web Applications
How to: Create ASP.NET Web Server Control TemplatesBuilding ASP .NET Web Applications
How to: Create ASP.NET Web Control Templates DeclarativelyBuilding ASP .NET Web Applications
The following code example demonstrates how to use the HeaderTemplate property to control the contents of the heading section of the DataList control.
NoteNote
The following code sample uses the single-file code model and may not work correctly if copied directly into a code-behind file. This code sample must be copied into an empty text file that has an .aspx extension. For more information on the Web Forms code model, see ASP.NET Web Page Code Model.
<%@ Page Language="C#" AutoEventWireup="True" %>
<%@ Import Namespace="System.Data" %>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
 "_URL_

 <title>DataList Example</title>

 <form id="form1" runat="server">

DataList Example

 <asp:DataList id="ItemsList"
 BorderColor="black"
 CellPadding="5"
 CellSpacing="5"
 RepeatDirection="Vertical"
 RepeatLayout="Table"
 RepeatColumns="0"
 BorderWidth="0"
 runat="server">
 <HeaderStyle BackColor="#aaaadd">
 </HeaderStyle>
 <AlternatingItemStyle BackColor="Gainsboro">
 </AlternatingItemStyle>
 <HeaderTemplate>
 List of items
 </HeaderTemplate>
 <ItemTemplate>
 Description:

 <%# DataBinder.Eval(Container.DataItem, "StringValue") %>

 Price: <%# DataBinder.Eval(Container.DataItem, "CurrencyValue", "{0:c}") %>

 <asp:Image id="ProductImage"
 AlternatingText='<%# DataBinder.Eval(Container.DataItem, "StringValue") %>'
 ImageUrl='<%# DataBinder.Eval(Container.DataItem, "ImageValue") %>'
 runat="server"/>
 </ItemTemplate>
 </asp:DataList>

 Repeat direction:

 Repeat layout:

 Repeat columns:

 <asp:CheckBox id="ShowBorderCheckBox"
 Text="Show border"
 Checked="False"
 runat="server" />

 <asp:DropDownList id="DirectionList"
 runat="server">
 <asp:ListItem>Horizontal</asp:ListItem>
 <asp:ListItem Selected="True">Vertical</asp:ListItem>
 </asp:DropDownList>

 <asp:DropDownList id="LayoutList"
 runat="server">
 <asp:ListItem Selected="True">Table</asp:ListItem>
 <asp:ListItem>Flow</asp:ListItem>
 </asp:DropDownList>

 <asp:DropDownList id="ColumnsList"
 runat="server">
 <asp:ListItem Selected="True">0</asp:ListItem>
 <asp:ListItem>1</asp:ListItem>
 <asp:ListItem>2</asp:ListItem>
 <asp:ListItem>3</asp:ListItem>
 <asp:ListItem>4</asp:ListItem>
 <


text:
|Primary outflows||Pili river|
In 1912, Gorewada lake was developed by the water works department as the primary drinking water source for Nagpur's 1.01 lakh population. Bordered by thick forest, Gorewada lake and its surrounding is the habitat for avian species and some wild life.
|This Nagpur district, Maharashtra, India location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.|


text:
Indian Navy SSB Interview Procedure
Many defense aspirants dream of being an Indian Navy officer or army officer or Air Force officer. There are several aspects that a candidate needs to focus while attending SSB Interview as one has to cross this barrier of selection to get recruited in defense services. So as to be selected in Indian defense services overall development of personality, knowledge and body is required. Candidate need to brush up his knowledge and bring him officer like qualities, in short one need to adapt an environment of defense services, discipline and attitude to get in SSB Interview. First step is to apply through exams like National defense academy (NDA) or combined defense service examination (CDSE) or Air Force Common Admission Test (AFCAT).
Second method is to apply various army, navy or air force courses and get admission through academic records after graduation through which a candidate needs to go for SSB Interview. SSB Interview is conducted as test in which there are different stages that candidate have to crack. It's a complete procedure of 5 days and they are mentioned as below:
The very first day of selection is the stage-1, where the candidate faces picture perception and description test and intelligence test for the analyzing of aptitude level of candidate. The tests that are carried out are as follows:
- Picture Perception and description test
- Intelligence Test
- Analyzing the Picture
- Candidates need to focus on the vital points like facts, characters, moods in the image, Gender and their age. Keen observation is required when pictures are shown to aspirants for writing a brief story.
The second day of selection is based upon the selections that had happened before in the previous round of selection i.e. stage-1. Those candidates need to focus on the next stages that they will face for test like:
- Thematic Apperception Test
- Word Association Test
- Situation Reaction Test
- Self-Description Test
These tests are conducted to know that how much attention does candidate pay while observing and their sense of judging things and situations.
This is the stage from where the complete procedure of performing in a group is carried on that is known as GTO Round-1. In this stage candidates need to face several tasks like:
- Group Discussion
- Group Planning Exercise
- Progressive Group task.
- Group Obstacle Race
- Half Group Task
This is the stage-4 that is carried out after candidate clears their third round of interview which was carried on day-3 and in this stage the tasks carried are:
- Individual Obstacles
- Command tasks
- Final Group Tasks
This round is last and final in which the candidates complete all the tough modes of task and last round in which conference is held where interview officer panel interview candidate i.e. personal interview is carried out on day-5 just normal round of questioning.
Once these all days are cleared candidate got hired as per his scoring in per round from day-1 to day-5.


text:
The OPC Crane Specification describes an information model, which aims to cover all current and future crane or hoist systems such as:
- Bridge Cranes
- Gantry Cranes
- Light crane systems
- Several control units
- Load attachments and other peripheral devices, which do not have their own OPC UA server
OPC UA for Cranes and Hoists Part 1 (OPC 40020-1) provides information for supervision, condition monitoring, asset management and limitation from external system. In future parts, the information model will be extended to cover more use cases.
The following functionalities are covered:
- Provision of asset configuration and runtime data of a running crane system (represented as a motion device system) and its components e. g. hoists, trolleys, bridge travelling machineries, brakes, motors, controllers, and software.
- Limitations from external systems
Following functions are not included and might be covered in future parts:
- A messaging mechanism covered by events and alarms to provide conditions
- A state machine to inform about the status of task controls and to interact via methods
- The possibility for the operator to store customer specific information inside the motion device system e. g. location, cost centre, and ERP data.


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Using Python I want to be able to draw text at different angles using PIL.
For example, imagine you were drawing the number around the face of a clock. The number 3 would appear as expected whereas 12 would we drawn rotated counter-clockwise 90 degrees.
Therefore, I need to be able to draw many different strings at many different angles.
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3 Answers 3
up vote 18 down vote accepted
Draw text into a temporary blank image, rotate that, then paste that onto the original image. You could wrap up the steps in a function. Good luck figuring out the exact coordinates to use - my cold-fogged brain isn't up to it right now.
This demo writes yellow text on a slant over an image:
# Demo to add rotated text to an image using PIL
import Image
import ImageFont, ImageDraw, ImageOps
f = ImageFont.load_default()
txt=Image.new('L', (500,50))
d = ImageDraw.Draw(txt)
d.text( (0, 0), "Someplace Near Boulder", font=f, fill=255)
w=txt.rotate(17.5, expand=1)
im.paste( ImageOps.colorize(w, (0,0,0), (255,255,84)), (242,60), w)
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It's also usefull to know our text's size in pixels before we create an Image object. I used such code when drawing graphs. Then I got no problems e.g. with alignment of data labels (the image is exactly as big as the text).
img_main = Image.new("RGB", (200, 200))
font = ImageFont.load_default()
# Text to be rotated...
rotate_text = u'This text should be rotated.'
# Image for text to be rotated
img_txt = Image.new('L', font.getsize(rotate_text))
draw_txt = ImageDraw.Draw(img_txt)
draw_txt.text((0,0), rotate_text, font=font, fill=255)
t = img_value_axis.rotate(90, expand=1)
The rest of joining the two images together is already described on this page. When you rotate by an "unregular" angle, you have to improve this code a little bit. It actually works for 90, 180, 270...
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I'm not saying this is going to be easy, or that this solution will necessarily be perfect for you, but look at the documentation here:
and especially pay attention to the Image, ImageDraw, and ImageFont modules.
Here's an example to help you out:
import Image
im = Image.new("RGB", (100, 100))
import ImageDraw
draw = ImageDraw.Draw(im)
draw.text((50, 50), "hey")
To do what you really want you may need to make a bunch of separate correctly rotated text images and then compose them all together with some more fancy manipulation. And after all that it still may not look great. I'm not sure how antialiasing and such is handled for instance, but it might not be good. Good luck, and if anyone has an easier way, I'd be interested to know as well.
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Your Answer


text:
The term "inspiration porn", coined by Disability Activist Stella Young, or "feel-good" Disability moments has been floating around the internet and disability community for a while. It continues to be a reoccurring problem that spreads a narrative of worthiness and objectification.
Inspiration porn occurs when the story is based solely on the person being disabled and existing.
The question is, what is it about inspiration porn that we love so much causing us to like, share, and comment on?
What is it about a person overcoming some perceived obstacle and considering them worthy of the title "an inspiration"?
Why do we consider some people inspirational and others not?
When we start asking ourselves these questions, we start to peel back the reason we like inspiration porn or feel-good stories, and it isn't about the person being perceived to be inspirational.
Inspiration porn is designed to give non-disabled people feelings of gratitude about their own lives as they watch, read, or listen to stories about how endearing or helpful others are being to a person with disabilities. They may feel relief that their life is better because they don't have a disability, or it may motivate them, because if a person with disabilities can do it, they can too.
The content we are often exposed to gives the illusion that people with disabilities are innocent and upbeat while overcoming their obstacles and that all disabilities are evident, despite many disabilities that are not. This is problematic, because people with disabilities are often compared to each other about what makes a "good" disabled person. Consequently, if the disabled person doesn't perform the way non-disabled people expect them to, they are considered to be ungrateful for the support or help they are given.
Inspiration porn is harmful in the sense that it instills the notion that people with disabilities can overcome their disability, it pities the disability experience, and guilts non-disabled people to do better. It centres on the idea that people with disabilities are suffering and have hardships that are all consuming. Meanwhile, in most cases, this is not true, and the reality is that society is often what creates these challenges. It projects harmful stereotypes and often goes viral through social media exposing the feel-good story about how people engaged with the person with an evident disability.
When inspiration porn occurs, it's often made without the person's knowledge. There is no evident conversation that takes place with the person with disabilities, there is no privacy, no consent, and no feelings are considered in this exchange. The person with the disability does not benefit, but the person who is helping, supporting, and sharing does. The non-disabled person is considered compassionate, empathetic, a hero, role-model, or leader. This reduces people with disabilities down to objects or props, rather than human beings.
Inspiration or feel-good stories about disability does not change the narrative for people with disabilities' right to be parents, have relationships, sex, marriage, education, work, and autonomy. It does not dismantle physical, medical, informational, and attitudinal barriers, and it does not provide the person with a disability with accessibility or inclusion.
There are some people who argue that inspiration porn or feel-good stories provide awareness or the much-needed representation of disabled people in media. The problem is not the stories themselves but the reactions, how the person with a disability is portrayed, and – as mentioned before – if privacy and consent were respected. Furthermore, the focus is usually not on the person with the disability, but on the parent, partner, the person supporting or helping's experience with the person with a disability.
Now with this knowledge in mind, it is important to be self-reflective and avoid spreading more misinformation and inspiration porn. Consider these questions when you come across feel-good stories or stories with people with disabilities in them:
- Is the person with a disability telling their own story or is someone speaking for them?
- Is this video or photo shared with the person with a disability's consent and was their privacy respected?
- If someone is overcoming a disability, were the barriers and circumstances mentioned?
- Question whether the video, photo, story, article, podcast, etc. portrays people with disabilities as a burden, needing to be cured, are inspirational just for being disabled, or guilts non-disabled people into doing more or better.
- Consider the source of information and if people with disabilities consider it a reputable source.
*Please note: the picture above has descriptive alt text that we wrote, but is only usable for screen readers as it is a featured image.