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Brewer's rice is a term applied to rice, usually short-grain varieties, that has been damaged in the milling process. This makes it aesthetically less desirable for use as food, but does not otherwise affect its chemical properties. As a result, these damaged rice grains are often sold to brewers for use as a brewery adjunct.


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How to use STPA, and how to get started quickly
evold0825 注册会员
2023-02-28 13:36
Part of the answer refers to GPT, GPT_Pro better problem solving
STPA(System theory Process Analysis) is a failure mode and effect analysis tool based on system theory. It is mainly used for the safety evaluation of aircraft systems. It helps pilots and engineers, as well as other practitioners, assess the safety of aircraft systems, identify the possibility that they are unsafe, and take effective action to address the problem.
The use of
STPA has two main steps, one is to conduct failure mode analysis(FMEA), the other is to conduct effect analysis(ETA). FMEA is a safety assessment method based on failure mode, through analyzing various failure modes that may appear on the aircraft, and evaluating their possible impact. ETA is a problem-oriented safety assessment method, which analyzes various problems that may occur on an aircraft and evaluates their possible impact.
To get started with STPA quickly, we must first master the basic principles and processes of STPA use. The STPA uses a standardized process to evaluate aircraft safety. The first step is to analyze the various conditions or failure modes that a pilot, engineer, or other practitioner might encounter while operating the aircraft. On this basis, these situations or failure modes are analyzed, evaluated and judged according to the standard process and flow chart provided by STPA.
Secondly, it is necessary to learn the various mathematical and information tools used in STPA, such as causal graph, semantic net, security hierarchy analysis, algebraic factor decomposition, possibility hidden decomposition, probability calculation, decision tree, neural network, genetic algorithm and Bayesian net. Learn how they work and how to use them, and then use them to help us evaluate aircraft safety.
Finally, learn how to apply STPA to your own paper. Learn how to apply the principles of STPA to your own paper, such as using STPA to analyze possible failure situations or problems on a particular aircraft; STPA is used to evaluate and judge various problems that may occur on specific aircraft. STPA is used to evaluate and judge various risk factors that may appear on the aircraft under specific circumstances. STPA is used to help us find out the unsafe factors on the aircraft and put forward the corresponding countermeasures.
In conclusion, STPA is a good tool, and learning how to use it will greatly help us prepare and evaluate aircraft safety in our paper.
If the answer is helpful, please accept it.
cuixingwei05 注册会员
2023-02-28 13:36
该回答引用GPTᴼᴾᴱᴺᴬᴵ
STPA是一种新兴的系统安全分析方法，它比传统的系统安全分析方法更加全面、精准和有效率，能够更好地帮助工程师发现系统安全问题，提高系统安全性能。下面是快速上手并运用STPA到自己的论文的步骤：
 1. 了解STPA的基本概念和原理。STPA是一种基于系统理论的过程分析法，通过分析系统的过程，发现系统存在的安全问题，从而提出安全性改进措施。STPA分为四个步骤：（1）定义系统功能，（2）确定安全性目标，（3）分析系统过程，（4）制定改进措施。
 2. 应用STPA到自己的论文中。根据自己的论文，确定系统的功能和安全性目标，对系统的过程进行分析，识别潜在的安全问题，制定安全性改进措施。
 3. 收集系统相关的信息。为了进行STPA分析，需要收集系统相关的信息，包括系统的设计文档、需求文档、系统架构图等。
 4. 确定STPA的分析范围。确定需要进行STPA分析的系统模块或过程，限定分析的范围。
 5. 进行STPA分析。根据STPA的步骤，分别进行系统功能的定义、安全性目标的确定、系统过程的分析和改进措施的制定。
 6. 总结STPA分析结果。总结STPA分析的结果，包括识别的潜在安全问题和制定的改进措施，以及实施改进措施的计划。
 7. 在论文中呈现STPA分析结果。将STPA分析结果呈现在论文中，包括识别的安全问题、制定的改进措施和实施改进措施的计划。
总的来说，要快速上手并运用STPA到自己的论文上面去，需要对STPA的基本概念和原理有一定的了解，并根据STPA的步骤进行分析，最后将分析结果呈现在论文中。
About the Author
Question Info
Publish Time
2023-02-28 13:36
Update Time
2023-02-28 13:36


text:
(DETROIT FREE PRESS) — The toe and heel of the boot are scuffed and a bit dusty. The sole has a few holes, and a small sock is tucked inside.
It now belongs to University of Michigan professor Jason De Leon. The boot was one of the first items he plucked out of the Sonora Desert in Arizona when he started the Undocumented Migration Project in 2008 to put his archaeological and anthropological training to use studying migrant workers who illegally cross the border into the U.S.
He still has questions about that boot: How old was the child who wore it? Why did it get left behind? Did a parent have to carry the child the rest of the way? How do you explain to your child why you're walking across the desert?

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Linked by Intel Researchers (for OSNews) on Wed 12th Mar 2003 23:25 UTC
Processors with Hyper-Threading technology can improve the performance of applications by permitting a single processor to process data as if it were two processors by executing instructions from different threads in parallel rather than serially. However, the potential performance improvement can be only obtained if an application is multithreaded by parallelization techniques. This article presents the multithreaded code generation and optimization techniques developed for the Intel C++/Fortran compiler. We conduct the performance study of two multimedia applications parallelized with OpenMP pragmas and compiled with the Intel compiler on the Hyper-Threading (HT) technology enabled Intel single-processor and multi-processor systems.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Jesús Ayala Jesús Ayala - 1 month ago 6
Objective-C Question
Difference between accessing values using subscripting and using just valueForKey in NSDictionary
I have the following line:
_driverName.text = [[[responseDictionary valueForKey:@"response" ] valueForKey:@"driverinfo"]valueForKey:@"name"];
But I think I can shrink this line by using subscription in this way:
_driverName.text = responseDictionary[@"response" ][@"driverinfo"][@"name"];
it seems more clean and readable.
is it possible to apply this syntax without collateral consequences?
thanks in advance
Answer
Ignoring the misuse of valueForKey: (use objectForKey:), you should not use either example in your question. Both suffer from being impossible to debug when you run into issues because the data structure isn't what you thought it was.
While it takes more time, it is worth it in the end to split each access into a separate line:
NSDictionary *response = responseDictionary[@"response"];
NSDictionary *driverInfo = response[@"driverInfo"];
_driverName.text = driverInfo[@"name"];
But using the modern subscript syntax is always easier and less prone to error than using objectForKey: and it ensures you don't mistakenly use valueForKey:.


PIL reads and writes Windows and OS/2 BMP files containing "1", "L", "P", or "RGB" data. 16-colour images are read as "P" images. Run-length encoding is not supported.
Info Properties
The open method sets the following info properties:
Set to "bmp_rle" if the file is run-length encoded.


text:
Dr. Molefi Kete Asante, Professor and Chair of the Department of Africology and African American Studies at Temple University in Philadelphia,
We Are on YOUTUBE
Post African Futures Episodes
What is futurelab/africa?
It is a podcast series hopes to breed curiosity by inviting the you to use your imagination and think creatively with reckless abandon. The show is a call to explore African modes of science and technology outside of lab spaces and innovation labs. We seek to find what does technology, science, nature, the environment and the nature of experimentation really mean in the context of African people's lived realities.


text:
Medically speaking, the "side stitches" that you experience are called "exercise-related transient abdominal pains" or ETAPs. These stitches are very common and not serious, although they can be painful and can put a crimp in your exercise session. (People who exercise are much more likely than couch potatoes to experience ETAPs.)
Stitches are cramps or spasms in the diaphragm, the muscle that separates your abdominal organs from your chest and lungs. When you inhale, your diaphragm drops down; when you exhale, it expands upwards. But vigorous movement can jerk the diaphragm down when it is expanding upward, leading to a "stitch." You may have noticed that stitches usually occur on your right side - this is because the diaphragm is attached to the liver, which is on the right.
To prevent stitches, you can try the following tricks:
- Breathe evenly and deeply, not shallowly, using your diaphragm. You're breathing correctly for exercise if you can see or feel your belly expand when you inhale.
- Avoid running downhill (it increases the force on your body, making stitches more likely to occur).
- Avoid big meals for three hours prior to exercise.
- Cut back a bit on the fluids you drink before and during exercise to see if this helps.
- Purse your lips when you exhale and inhale. This can both relieve and prevent stitches.
- Stretch your diaphragm muscles before exercise. Just raise your right arm overhead and bend to the left. Hold the stretch for 30 seconds and then repeat on the other side.
- Slow your pace - stitches may not occur as frequently.
- Watch your breathing to make sure you're not always inhaling as the same foot hits the ground. Try to alternate breathing in and out on opposite feet.
When you get a stitch, bend forward slightly and massage the area. (Most people do this naturally to ease the pain.)
Andrew Weil, M.D.


Legacy : One Family, a Cup of Tea and the Company that Took On the World
Harding, Thomas
Format: Hardback
Publisher: Cornerstone (William Heinemann Ltd)
Published: August 29, 2019
ISBN: 9781785150883
592 pages
A panoramic new history of modern Britain, as told through the story of one extraordinary family, and one groundbreaking company.
In the early 1800s, Lehmann Gluckstein and his family escaped the pogroms of Eastern Europe and made their way to Whitechapel in London's East End. There, starting with nothing, they worked tirelessly to pull themselves out of poverty, creating a small tobacco factory that grew to become the largest catering company in the world: J. Lyons.
For over a century, Lyons was on every high street, in every home, in every coffee and teacup. It was an ascent from rags to riches in the face of many obstacles: poverty, hatred and anti-Semitism stood between this poor immigrant family and the British Dream. Legacy charts the rise and fall of one of the most influential dynasties in British history through the lives of five astonishing generations.


text:
Discover your ancestor's last will and testament among hundreds of thousands of New South Wales will books between 1800 and 1952, now available online for the very first time. Uncover details of their estate, trace their financial history, and learn about their beneficiaries and personal relationships.
Each record includes an image of the original and a transcript. The amount of information listed varies, but the New South Wales Will Books _PHONE_ usually include the following information about your ancestor:
Details of their estate
Date of death
Additional notes and biographical details may vary
Hundreds of thousands of New South Wales wills, dating from 1800 to 1952, (with most dating from 1846), are available to search online for the very first time.
These records are copies of original Will Books held by the State Records Authority of New South Wales. Between 1800 and 1924, the copies of the wills were handwritten, whereas between 1924 and 1952 the copies were typed. In 1952 the copies were altered to photocopies.
Once probate was granted for a will, meaning that it had been validated as genuine, the will was then deposited with the Registrar of the Probate Office. The original will and its accompanying documents were then held in Probate packets (NRS 13660), which were restricted to family members of the deceased or their legal representatives. However, from roughly 1800 onwards, copies of the wills were held in the Will Books.
The New South Wales Wills Books includes some wills of those in other states and countries, typically in cases where the individual was a resident of New South Wales but their last place of residence was outside the state. In other cases, people who lived elsewhere may have lodged their will in New South Wales despite not living there, particularly if they had property or shares in the state.
The Supreme Court of New South Wales divided both Will Books and Probate packets into series. The series of Will Books are:
Series 1 – approximately 1800 – May 1873
Series 2 – 1873 – 1876
Series 3 – 1876 – approximately 1890
Series 4 – approximately 1890 – 1985
Each series consists of volumes containing copies of original wills, all arranged numerically. It remains unclear why these records were divided and categorised into series.
Accompanying documentation to these wills can sometimes involve codicils such as additions or revocations to the will.
Original data: NRS 13661, Will Books _PHONE_, Microfilm, 343 reels
As there is a lot of legal terminology in the wills we have included a brief glossary of some common terms.
The estate includes both real estate property and personal property of the deceased.
The executor is the person named in a will to be responsible for administering the estate of the deceased. There can be more thane executor. Their duties usually include determining which assets belong to the deceased's estate, distributing the estate according to the will and paying any debts that the deceased may have accrued.
If a person dies without leaving a valid will they are said to have died intestate. In this case, there would be no named executor and, instead, a letter of administration would have been issued to authorise a person or persons to act as the executor.
A codicil is an additional document that amends, deletes, revokes or explains provisions within a will that has already been made.
Copyright Brightsolid Online Records International. Images reproduced by courtesy of the State Records Authority of New South Wales.
© the Crown in right of the State of New South Wales and is used under licence with the permission of the State Records Authority. The State of New South Wales gives no warranty regarding the data's accuracy, completeness, currency or suitability for any particular purpose.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
Monday, January 22, 2007
Why Did the Chicken Cross the Road?
Agee, Jon. 2006. WHY DID THE CHICKEN CROSS THE ROAD? New York: Dial. ISBN _PHONE_ [Suggested Grade Levels 1 – 6]
Although this eclectic picture book will amuse anyone, it holds special appeal for fans of contemporary children's picture book art. In it, fourteen of today's most successful picture book artists visually answer the perennial question: Why did the chicken cross the road?
The scenarios depicted range as widely as the artists' recognizable styles. Marla Frazee begins by contrasting a chicken coop beneath gloomy wet skies against a colorful chicken palace on the sunny side of the street. A single word--"duh"--hovers above the chicken. Later, David Shannon shows a chicken at the wheel of a red convertible filled with barnyard animals. The caption reads "because the light was green!" In contrast, Harry Bliss says that to answer the question we should "ask the mutated zombie chickens from Mars!" He then pictures a chicken hot footing it across the road with a legion of bug eyed, sharp-toothed, green-tongued chickens in pursuit.
Children will enjoy identifying the various artists and associating this art with familiar books. As with anything, they will likely appreciate the style and humor of some inclusions more than others. Sharing this book presents a great opportunity to talk about varying tastes and points of view.
Encourage children to brainstorm other ideas about why the chicken crossed the road and to illustrate their ideas in their own unique artistic style.
Jokes and riddles for beginning readers:
Hall, Katy. DINO RIDDLES. ISBN 9780142501795, _PHONE_
Helmer, Marilyn. CRITTER RIDDLES. ISBN 9781553374459, _PHONE_
For older readers:
Brewer, Paul. YOU MUST BE JOKING! ISBN 9780812626612, _PHONE_
Thomas, Lyn. HA! HA! HA!: 1000+ JOKES, RIDDLES, FACTS AND MORE. ISBN _PHONE_, 9781897066126
By Suzy Parchman


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Contributor
What is backup and snapshot and difference between them?
hi,
What is a backup and snapshot? How to use them and difference between them?
When should we use backup and snapshot?
3 Replies
Advisor
Snapshot Management
The snapshot creates a binary image of the entire root (lv_current) disk partition. This includes Check Point products, configuration, and operating system.
The log partition is not included in the snapshot. Therefore, any locally stored FireWall logs will not be saved.
System Backup (and System Restore)
System Backup can be used to backup current system configuration. A backup creates a compressed file that contains the Check Point configuration including the networking and operating system parameters, such as routing and interface configuration etc., but unlike a snapshot, it does not include the operating system, product binaries, and hotfixes.
Save Configuration (and Load Configuration)
Allows saving Gaia OS configuration settings as a ready-to-run CLI script. This allows you review your current setup and quickly restore the Gaia OS configuration.
Recommended backup plan
For complete backup of the system and maximum confidence, Check Points recommends combining all three methods as part of the backup plan (Snapshot Management, System Backup/Restore, Save/Load Configuration). This will allow multiple restore points, redundancy and reliability of overall restore procedure.
Collect:
 - Snapshot - after a fresh installation, before an upgrade, and before a hotfix installation.
 - Scheduled Backup - monthly or weekly, depending how frequently you perform changes in your configuration and policy
You can find find more information from Best Practices - Backup on Gaia OS
Contributor
Hey, thanks for the explanation. So, after going through the article is it Okay to say that Backup is a subset/part of a Snapshot. Means Snapshot is much wider than backup? Please correct me if i am wrong.
0 Kudos
Reply
Advisor
Yes.
Backup is only configurations. Snapshot is much wider backup.
Also You can schedule System Backup. But cannot schedule Snapshot Smiley Happy


text:
Plane Hitting Concrete Wall
For example it can be used to calculate the impact force of a vehicle car truck train plane football of birds hitting a plane or wind mill as well as for falling bodies that crash into the ground.
Plane hitting concrete wall. Conspiracy theorists may or may not be disappointed tuesday when they see pentagon released footage from two angles showing american flight 77 hitting the western wall of the building on sept. An us f4 phantom jet tests the strength of a concrete wall built to withstand a nuclear blast by crashing into it at 500 mph. Http goo gl 3xtpbb this footage is of a test conducted on april 19 1988 at a rocket sled facility at sandia national labor. Please explain in your own words how a 63 foot plane with a 38 63 foot wingspan smashing into a solid concrete wall and disintegrating upon impact uses the same laws of physics as a 176 foot plane with a 156 foot wingspan smashing into a glass and steel structure and achieving total penetration without disintegrating.
Additional camera angles here. Kazakh plane with 100 on board hits concrete wall after takeoff 15 dead at least 14 people were killed and 22 have been hospitalised in grave condition the almaty mayor s office said. Using the impact force calculator. This versatile impact force calculator is useful for estimating the impact forces involved in collisions of different kinds.
For this they used an f 4 phantom jet a two seater jet that fully loaded weighs up to 41 500 lb. F4 phantom hits concrete wall at 500 mph in crash test.
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A Morse Code typo lights city skyline
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An evening view of the city's Downtown skyline offers more than just a beautiful blend of old and new architecture towering over glistening moonlit rivers.
If you look high atop the 33-story Grant Building, you see the red neon lights flashing, in International Morse Code, a one-word message:
Wait, that's not right, said Tom Stepleton, as he decoded the message while waiting to see the city's Fourth of July fireworks show with friends at the Brew House on the South Side.
"I was looking at it, and I saw the letter 'K,' which is [dash-dot-dash]," Mr. Stepleton said. "I remembered 'K' because my sister's name starts with 'K.' And I knew that wasn't supposed to be there."
Mr. Stepleton, 29, of Squirrel Hill, a graduate student pursuing a degree in computer sciences at Carnegie Mellon University, knew from past viewing that the code should spell "Pittsburgh." He learned Morse code as a teenager, when he became a ham radio operator.
Of course, it's not like it's a secret. The flashing beacon atop the Grant Building has been famous for spelling out "Pittsburgh" since they flipped the switch during a dedication in March 1929.
The Grant Building, located on Grant Street between Third and Fourth avenues, was designed by architect Henry Hornbostel and stood as the tallest building between New York and Cleveland when it was built in 1928. Pittsburgh's first skyscraper, it cost $8.5 million to build.
The radio tower erected atop the 500-foot structure served KDKA Radio, which then was housed in the Grant Building.
But skyscrapers weren't the only thing new at the time. Commercial air travel was still a novelty and regular air mail service was just a year-old experiment. Newspapers at the time said it was decided that the tower should have an aerial beacon flashing on it "to comply with the recent request of Secretary of Commerce Herbert Hoover, so that aviators might recognize the city."
Red neon was chosen because it was the color best visible through fog.
It was reported that W.J. Strassburger, president of the Grant Building Inc. and its principal backer, suggested that since the tower beacon had to flash, it might as well flash something worthwhile.
The word "Pittsburgh," transmitted via 3.25 million candlepower, could be seen by pilots from 75 to 125 miles away, depending upon conditions, and was registered with the Bureau of Lighthouses in the Division of Aeronautics.
Through the decades, the tower was replaced by a smaller version, but the word "Pittsburgh" has been flashing pretty steadily from dusk to dawn.
The letters, as any sailor could tell you, are "dot-dash-dash-dot, dot-dot, dash, dash, dot-dot-dot, dash-dot-dot-dot, dot-dot-dash, dot-dash-dot, dash-dash-dot, and dot-dot-dot-dot." Following the four flashing dots for the letter "H," there is a short pause, and then the series repeats.
Until recently, that is.
Representatives of McKnight Property Management, the building's current owners, could not say how long the code has been off or how and when the lights might be reset. But the company is aware of the flawed flashes.
Mr. Stepleton, a recreational pilot, spelled out where the errors are. First, there is a stray flash -- which could be construed as a dot representing the letter "E" -- between the two dashes that represent the two "Ts" in Pittsburgh.
Then there is a dash that should be a dot at the start of the seventh letter, turning what ought to be a "U" into a "K."
Finally, there is a dot that should be a dash at the start of the ninth letter, changing the "G" into another "R."
Mr. Stepleton thought the brilliant typo interesting enough to record and upload onto Youtube.com. Then, believing that someone might want to correct it, he contacted the Post-Gazette.
Apparently, he knows how seriously the newspaper takes misspelled words.
Create a free PG account.
Already have an account?


text:
Category: Attachment milling
When choosing a mounted tiller, there are several factors to consider:
- Excavator size: The attachment should match the excavator size to ensure optimum performance.
- Milling width and depth: The dimensions of the milling machine must meet the project requirements.
- Soil conditions: Special tillers may need to be selected depending on the type of soil.
- Attachment trencher should fit the excavator size.
- Milling width and depth must meet project requirements.
- Make selection according to the soil conditions.


text:
An Overview of Sabbath Programs from the School of Applied Theology - Part of The Graduate Theological Union, Berkeley CA
The School of Applied Theology Sabbath Programs are affiliate programs of the Graduate Theological Union in Berkeley, California. The SAT Sabbatical Programs and the Sabbath Break Programs provide an opportunity for priests, men and women religious, and lay ministers to renew and integrate their theology, spirituality, and pastoral ministry within a holistic context.
The School of Applied Theology has pioneered unique, relaxing Sabbath Programs specifically designed for persons seeking spiritual renewal and personal enrichment. We invite leading presenters from the schools of the Graduate Theological Union and other institutions in the Bay Area and across the United States to come to SAT and to synthesize the best of contemporary thought in their fields of expertise. They share their insights in short courses which are presented to the entire SAT group. This common learning increases the capacity of SAT participants to explore and share on a deeper level connecting their new learning to their experience in pastoral ministry.


text: first i have a quick question, for average power of a transverse harmonic wave the equation has the quantities tension, frequency and amplitude. the question asks me to find how much i need to change each quantity to increase the power by a factor of 100, i understand all that but then it asks me which quantity is the easiest to change. i got that the tension needed to be increased by a factor of 10000, and the frequency and amplitude only needed a factor of 10, im not quite sure if frequency or amplitude is easier to change, im guessing frequency because amplitude cannot be directly changed, whereas frequency you just move the string up and down faster? anyways to the question im having trouble with: 1) the linear mass density of a nonuniform wire under constant tension decreases gradually along the wire so that an incident wave is transmitted without reflection. The wire in uniform for -infinity < x <= 0. In this region a transverse wave has the form y(x,t) = 0.003cos(25x-50t) with x,y in meteres and t in seconds. From x = 0 to x =20m the mass density decreases from initial mass density to (initial mass density / 4). For 20<= x < infinity, the mass density is constant at (initial mass density / 4). a) what is the wave velocity for large values of x b)what is the amplitude for large values of x? c) give y(x,t) for the large values of x i got part a and it turns out to be 4 m/s, but i dont know what to do to get the amplitude, also in part c how do i find the k and w(omega)? is the k constant?


text:
IU School of Medicine visit to expand genetic research capability in Kenya
By Kevin Fryling
It's nearly 8,000 miles from Kenya to Indianapolis. That's a long distance to ship a regular package, let alone a delicate parcel that could contain the clue to helping someone survive one of the most difficult forms of breast cancer.
Yet that's just one of many challenges faced by four scientists from Kenya who traveled to the IU School of Medicine from Sept. 10 to 14 to learn about its advances in the field of specimen storage and biobanking. The visit is the first step in expanding the ability to collect, store, annotate and ship medical samples from volunteers at the AMPATH reference lab at Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, the primary teaching hospital for Moi University. The university is a close partner of the IU School of Medicine in the IU-Kenya Program and AMPATH, or Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare.
"This was an immersion visit; there's a great deal to learn," said Thomas Inui, M.D., co-director of research for AMPATH, director of research for the IU Center for Global Health and executive committee member of the Indiana Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute. "They came to see our biorepository; to understand its standard operating policies and procedures; and to learn about the information systems that support biomaterials storage and sharing."
The visiting scientists included Nathan Buziba, M.B., Ch.B., director of the AMPATH reference lab and chair and senior lecturer of pathology at Moi University; Wilfred Emonyi, manager of the AMPATH reference lab; Kritika Patel, a pathologist and lecturer in immunology at Moi University; and Alice Mudogo, technician at the AMPATH reference lab.
"IU's been in this business for a long time, so we're coming here to learn how you do it," Dr. Buziba said. "Right now we're not as organized or as centralized in our sample storage and collection as we want to be. We want to get the right standard operating procedures in place so our samples as good as anyone else's – for a sample from Eldoret to be no different than a sample from IU."
Biorepositories contain samples such as bloodspots, biopsies and frozen materials such as plasma, all usable for DNA extraction. The need to increase the ability to collect and store these materials both at the IU School of Medicine and in Kenya – as well as exchange them – relates to larger shifts in biomedical research in Indiana and across the globe.
"This is the direction in which science is moving," Dr. Inui said. "Because of the burgeoning science of genomics and the powerful effects of genes and gene products on disease and diagnosis and treatment, the areas of personalized medicine and individual diagnostics are being seen more and more as the leading edge of science. Our partners in Kenya are part of the IU health science campus – and just as we don't fall behind the state of science, they don't either. However, we need to invest in training and resources to bring them up to our level of functioning."
In Eldoret, Dr. Emonyi said most research samples are maintained and controlled by the scientist using them in their work. This means material can "fall through the cracks" after it's no longer needed for a study.
"It's very researcher-controlled right now," Dr. Emonyi said. "We're even seeing cases where materials are left to break down after a project is complete. After they're done, what should be done with these things? That is the challenge."
One solution could be a shared-resource model such as the type used by the Indiana Biobank, which requires scientists and patients to agree that their contributions may be shared with other approved researchers as a prerequisite of using the facility.
In addition to the Indiana Biobank, the visiting scientists met with leadership from the Komen Tissue Bank at the IU Simon Cancer Center, the National Cell Repository for Alzheimer's Disease and the Indiana CTSI, which manages the Indiana CTSI Specimen Storage Facility. The CTSI facility is responsible for the Indiana Biobank, Komen Tissue Bank and NCRAD, as well as other biorepositories across campus. Other visits included meetings with James W. Smith, M.D., Nordschow Professor Emeritus of Laboratory Medicine and consultant to the AMPATH reference lab, and Barbara Van Der Pol, Ph.D., MPH, assistant professor of kinesiology at the IU School of Public Health-Bloomington and consultant to the AMPATH clinical lab. The AMPATH reference lab focuses on sample analysis for research purposes, whereas the clinical lab focuses on sample analysis for medical treatment.
"The Indiana CTSI Specimen Storage Facility may be one of the best examples of a well-functioning biorepository," Dr. Inui said. He noted that other groups contributing consultation and advice to the Kenyan Biobank initiative include AMPATH Consortium member University of Toronto and the Wellcome Trust, a British foundation that supports research facilities in sub-Saharan Africa.
Support for the establishment of a Kenyan Biobank will ultimately include funds from Susan G. Komen for the Cure, which provided $500,000 for the collection of breast tissue samples in Kenya. Collection is scheduled for summer 2013, with some samples remaining in Eldoret and others being shipped for storage in the Komen Tissue Bank.
The tissue samples collected could shed light on triple-negative breast cancer, one of the most difficult-to-treat forms of the disease. The condition, named for the hormone receptors involved in the disease, is the most common form of breast cancer in Kenya, despite its being distinctly uncommon in the United States. Moreover, Dr. Inui said the remarkable genetic diversity in Africa, due in part to the continent's status as the birthplace of humankind, makes it an ideal place to collect genetic information on cancer and other diseases.
Support for the establishment of the Kenyan Biobank also will include funds from the Strategic Research Initiative, a $150 million grant from the IU School of Medicine and IU Health; the Physician Scientist Initiative, a $60 million grant from Eli Lilly Endowment; and Moi University.
The Kenyan scientists' visit was supported in part by the IU Center for Global Health, which will also sponsor a future trip to Kenya by experts from the Indiana CTSI biorepository.
"Many threads were woven together for this particular visit," Dr. Inui said. "What comes out of it will be a true roadmap for the development of a biobank in Kenya."


TigerSharks 2011.jpg
Origin Unknown
Weapons & Accessories
Weapons Unknown
Voice Actor
Voiced by None
Character Guide
Page List of all characters
TigerSharks are species of humanoid fish-like creatures. These aquatic creatures have have human-like face and body structure but they also have fins and stripes on their bodies like tiger sharks.
The true origins of these beings remain a mystery. Many hundreds of years ago, the TigerSharks were one of the many animal species that were enslaved by Mumm-Ra, the Ever-Living, an evil undead sorcerer who desired universal control. Mumm-Ra had imprisoned all these animal species aboard his massive spaceship and used them for one purpose only - to search for the Power Stones that would endow him with unlimited power.
Each animal specie was assigned a different area to scour on the various planets. Terrestrial animals like Dogs and Lizards would search the lands, while the Birds would explore the skies. Due to their aquatic nature and agility underwater, the TigerSharks were entrusted with the task of searching the various water bodies for the stones.
After Mumm-Ra's two most trusted commanders, Leo and Panthera overthrew their evil master, their spaceship crashed on Third Earth. The TigerSharks were not seen after the crash, but it is likely that like all the other animals, they too settled on the planet. While there is no direct evidence for this, it is possible that the Fishmen might be descendants of the TigerSharks.
ThunderCats 2011 Bullet Point.png Appearances[edit | edit source]
07. Legacy
ThunderCats 2011 Bullet Point.png Trivia[edit | edit source]
 - According to Dan Norton, the Tigersharks would have appeared in an episode in Season 2.


butt fusion machine manufacturer
RIYANG FUSION MANUFACTURING LIMITED
Home / all / Product News /
How to Check the Pressure of a Hydraulic Butt Fusion Machine?
How to Check the Pressure of a Hydraulic Butt Fusion Machine?
Issue Time:2021/12/29
 a method to check the pressure of the hydraulic butt welding machine,
The pressure gauge on the manifold block indicates the pressure of the carriage valve. How much pressure depends on the position of the selector valve and the pressure set on the specific pressure reducing valve. With the selector valve up, the facing pressure can be set. It may be necessary to adjust the carriage speed, while facing, with the top pressure reducing valve to control facing speed.
Shift the selector valve to the center position, heating, and set the pressure reducing valve at its lowest setting, or the drag pressure, whichever is higher. With the selector valve in the down position, the fusion pressure can be set.
An approximate 2 Bar (30 psi) drag factor should compensate for seal, and pipe drag with one joint of pipe on a pipe stand. If additional lengths of pipe are being moved by the movable jaws, the actual drag pressure should be determined using the following procedure:
(1) After facing the pipe, move the carriage so that the pipe ends are approximately 50 mm (2") apart.
(2) Shift the carriage control valve to the middle (neutral) position, select the heating mode, and adjust the middle pressure reducing valve to its lowest pressure by turning the valve counterclockwise.
(3) Shift the carriage control valve to the left.
(4) Gradually increase the pressure by turning the heating valve clockwise.
(5) Increase the pressure until the carriage moves.
(6) Quickly reduce the heating pressure valve counterclockwise until the carriage is just barely moving.
(7) Record this actual drag pressure.
(8) Take the pressure, determined from the Fusion Pressure Calculator, and add the actual measured drag pressure. This will be the actual fusion pressure to set with the bottom pressure reducing valve. If fusion pressures are used from the reference section, you must subtract 2 Bar (30psi) drag, which is already figured in, and then add the actual drag pressure back.
(9) Adjust the middle heating valve to show recorded drag so that pipe ends will stay in contact with the heater during the heating phase.
Through the above steps, we can correctly measure the actual resistance of the hydraulic butt welding machine to ensure a smoother welding result. As an expert in hydraulic butt welding machines for many years, RIYANG can give you some professional advice to a certain extent.
As an experienced butt welding machine manufacturer, RIYANG has won unanimous praise from many customers with its excellent R&D technology and leading manufacturing process. In order to strictly control the quality of products, we are equipped with a professional quality inspection system and a comprehensive management team. We always put the needs of customers first, so we can also provide users with effective solutions technology and thoughtful one-stop service. If you want to buy our butt welding machine, please contact us immediately!


text:
It's not common that a high temperature of 31° would smash records, but in northern Alaska, that's almost unheard of this time of the year.
In Utqiagvik, formerly known as Barrow, temperatures hit 31° on Tuesday morning, breaking a daily record by a full 7°. It was Utqiagvik's warmest February temperature since 2006, and tied the fourth-warmest February temperature on record. To put that into perspective, Utqiagvik's average high on February 20th is just 8 degrees...below zero!
Further south in Fairbanks, temperatures rocked up to 33° and Nome reached 30°, both of which are way above seasonal averages for mid-February.
A massive ridge of high pressure is drawing up plenty of warm air, enough warmth to make Utqiagvik warmer than much of the western half of the lower 48 on Tuesday afternoon.
This contributed to the Bering Sea, which lies off the west coast of Alaska, to lose a third of its sea ice in just eight days
The forecast keeps warm weather around through Thursday, but colder, more seasonable weather returns Friday and Saturday, with light snow possible as well.
Stay with WeatherNation for the latest on this.
For WeatherNation: Meteorologist Chris Bianchi - Featured image: Courtesy of the University of Alaska-Fairbanks


text:
Comparison of three commercial drain tiles in a heavy clay soil of Imperial Valley
F. E. Robinson, University of California
J. N. Luthin, University of California
California Agriculture 22(8):10-11. DOI: 10.3733/ca.v022n08p10.
Frank E. Robinson is Assistant Water Scientist, Department of Water Science and Engineering, University of California, Davis. James N. Luthin is Professor of Irrigation and Civil Engineering, Department of Water Science and Engineering, University of California, Davis.
No evidence was found in these tests of real differences in performance between clay, concrete, or bituminous-fiber tiles. Differences in tile outflow were due primarily to soil variation and not to tile performance. Little actual change in salinity resulted from the leaching operation in the body of soil between the tiles. In most cases as much, and often more, water was lost through seepage as was removed by the tile. Much of the water which moved through the soil followed the disturbed trench above the tile, as evidenced by the much lower salinity in that trench. Electrical conductivity of the tile effluent was inversely related to both rate and duration of tile flow. Each tile showed a unique relationship between electrical conductivity, rate, and duration of flow—probably a reflection of a unique combination of hydraulic conductivities along each tile line.


text:
Author ORCID Identifier
This study evaluates the price setting behavior across main cities of Pakistan by employing the micro data from retail price survey. The most contemporary research technique of Duration Analysis is employed where survivor functions are estimated by most illustrious nonparametric Kaplan-Meier and Nelson-Aalen Estimators. Hazard Functions for various product groups are also estimated by employing parametric Weibull Hazard Model. Results confirm that perishable food items have shortest duration of one week for most of the spells, where government regulation caused prices to change more frequently. It is found that on average small cities faced lower hazard and thus comparably lesser price change, whereas, months of March, April and October witnessed relatively high hazard rates. The study classifies nine commodity groups into two categories. First is high frequency group and second is increasing hazard group. These classifications are believed to assist policy makers in assessing inflation dynamics in Pakistan. The study significantly contributes to the existing literature, firstly, by applying more scrupulous nonparametric and parametric techniques of Survival analysis. To the best of our knowledge, this technique is not yet applied in Pakistan for examining the price behavior. Secondly, as the price setting mechanism in Pakistan is not studied before by employing the high frequency micro price data, therefore, panel data estimation contribute significantly to the existing literature.
Prices, Commodities, Duration Analysis, Monetary policy
Journal of Economic Literature Subject Codes
E310, Q020, C410, E520
Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Sohail, F., & Fatima, A. (2022). Empirical evidences on pricing mechanism in Pakistan: A duration analysis. Business Review, 17(2), 1-27. Retrieved from 10.54784/_PHONE_.1479


Authentication
From RoAPI
Authentication is required for accessing the majority of resources on Roblox. Authentication can usually be granted with a cookie such as the .ROBLOSECURITY cookie.
Authenticating will allow us to send API requests as a logged-in user, which will allow you to write bots that can modify content on the Roblox platform (for example, ranking a user in a group). To do this, we need to get our .ROBLOSECURITY cookie.
.ROBLOSECURITY[edit | edit source]
The .ROBLOSECURITY token is placed in the client's cookies and identifies the user's active session. The cookie must be named .ROBLOSECURITY and contains a value similar to this:
_|WARNING:-DO-NOT-SHARE-THIS.--Sharing-this-will-allow-someone-to-log-in-as-you-and-to-steal-your-ROBUX-and-items.|_TOKEN
The TOKEN is a capitalized hexadecimal string, roughly around 600 characters in length.
Obtaining a cookie[edit | edit source]
The .ROBLOSECURITY cookie can be obtained by using a browser's web development tools or getting the cookie from Roblox Studio's files.
The warning message[edit | edit source]
The warning message is not required, however, the bounding characters _| and |_ are required for adding a message to the cookie's value and acts similarly to a comment in Computer Programming.
Green tick pointed.svg Tokens that would work:
_|Example text|_TOKEN
_||_TOKEN
TOKEN
Red X.svg Tokens that wouldn't work:
Example text_TOKEN
_TOKEN
Example textTOKEN
Authenticating in practice[edit | edit source]
It may be preferable to utilize the "session" object provided by the requests library. This example demonstrates making requests with and without the use of a session object.
import requests
cookie = "_|WARNING:-DO-NOT-SHARE-THIS.--Sharing-this-will-allow-someone-to-log-in-as-you-and-to-steal-your-ROBUX-and-items.|_TOKEN"
# No session, with cookie dict
req = requests.get(
 url="_URL_
 cookies={
 ".ROBLOSECURITY": cookie
 }
)
# No session, without cookie dict
req = requests.get(
 url="_URL_
 headers={
 "Cookie": ".ROBLOSECURITY=" + cookie
 }
)
# With session
session = requests.Session()
session.cookies[".ROBLOSECURITY"] = cookie
req = session.get(
 url="_URL_
)
# Uses the http.rb gem. Run "gem install http" on your terminal to install it
require "http"
require "json"
COOKIE = "_|WARNING:-DO-NOT-SHARE-THIS.--Sharing-this-will-allow-someone-to-log-in-as-you-and-to-steal-your-ROBUX-and-items.|_TOKEN"
response = HTTP.cookies({
 :".ROBLOSECURITY" => COOKIE
}).get("_URL_
puts response.body.to_s
const COOKIE = "_|WARNING:-DO-NOT-SHARE-THIS.--Sharing-this-will-allow-someone-to-log-in-as-you-and-to-steal-your-ROBUX-and-items.|_TOKEN";
const response = await fetch(
 "_URL_
 {
 headers: {
 Cookie: '.ROBLOSECURITY=${COOKIE};',
 },
 }
);
console.log(await response.json());
// npm install node-fetch
import fetch from "node-fetch"
const COOKIE = "_|WARNING:-DO-NOT-SHARE-THIS.--Sharing-this-will-allow-someone-to-log-in-as-you-and-to-steal-your-ROBUX-and-items.|_TOKEN";
const response = await fetch(
 "_URL_
 {
 headers: {
 Cookie: '.ROBLOSECURITY=${COOKIE};',
 },
 }
);
console.log(await response.json());
/*
 Cargo.toml dependencies:
 reqwest = { version = "0.11.4" }
 tokio = { version = "1.11.0", features = ["macros", "rt-multi-thread"]}
*/
use reqwest::header::{HeaderMap, HeaderValue};
use reqwest::{Client, Method};
const COOKIE: &str = "_|WARNING:-DO-NOT-SHARE-THIS.--Sharing-this-will-allow-someone-to-log-in-as-you-and-to-steal-your-ROBUX-and-items.|_TOKEN";
#[tokio::main]
async fn main() {
 let client = Client::new();
 let mut headers = HeaderMap::new();
 headers.insert(
 "Cookie",
 HeaderValue::from_str(&format!(".ROBLOSECURITY={};", COOKIE)).unwrap(),
 );
 let response = client
 .request(
 Method::GET,
 "_URL_
 )
 .headers(headers)
 .send()
 .await
 .unwrap();
 println!("{}", response.text().await.unwrap());
}
open System.Net.Http
let COOKIE =
 "_|WARNING:-DO-NOT-SHARE-THIS.--Sharing-this-will-allow-someone-to-log-in-as-you-and-to-steal-your-ROBUX-and-items.|_TOKEN"
[<EntryPoint>]
let main _ =
 async {
 use handler =
 new HttpClientHandler(UseCookies = false)
 use client = new HttpClient(handler)
 let message =
 new HttpRequestMessage(HttpMethod.Get, "_URL_
 message.Headers.Add("Cookie", $".ROBLOSECURITY={COOKIE};")
 let! response = client.SendAsync(message) |> Async.AwaitTask
 let! body =
 response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync()
 |> Async.AwaitTask
 printfn "%s" body
 }
 |> Async.RunSynchronously
 0
/*
You will need:
consider >= 1.5.0
notable.http >= 0.5.0
fx service packages --install --registry CUSTOM_REGISTRY_URL_HERE --package consider@{<=1.5.0}
...
*/
using <"fx/internals/com.reflection">
using <"fx/internals/com.tasks">
using <"fx/com.consider">
using <"fx/com.notable.http">
using namespace com::notable;
const com::string* COOKIE = "_|WARNING:-DO-NOT-SHARE-THIS.--Sharing-this-will-allow-someone-to-log-in-as-you-and-to-steal-your-ROBUX-and-items.|_TOKEN";
// silly reflection for people below fx 90
[$->markBelow(com::reflection::kind_main_func)];
int main()
{
 http::request* request = http::init("_URL_
 request->method = http::GET;
 request->useDefaultRequest = false;
 request->headers->set(
 "Cookie", http::cookie::str(
 {
 { ".ROBLOSECURITY", consider::round_down_ref<consider::kind_const_ptr>(COOKIE, typeof(com::string*)) }
 })
 );
 // run at a scheduled time
 request->schedule(handler, com::tasks::threading::cancel_on_exception);
 // run now
 // do a stupid warning remover because fx90+ hates this for some reason.
#IF FX_VER > 90
#pragma warning disable TRIDER_JANDO4_B // Lazy initialization of time vector.
#endif
 request->invoke(handler, http::time::now());
#IF FX_VER > 90
#pragma warning restore TRIDER_JANDO4_B // Lazy initialization of time vector.
#endif
}
// More silly reflection for people < fx90
[$->markBelow(com::reflection::kind_callback_func | http::kind_response_callback)];
void handler(http::request* request, http::


text:
2019-2020 Teacher of the Year
Lanett High School prepares each student to be college and career ready. Graduates are equipped with the skills and knowledge needed to succeed in college and/or job training that will lead to a prosperous career. To reach this goal, LHS students are immersed in a rigorous and broad curriculum where inquiry, creativity, and consistently practice the most important skill for success at the next level – learning how to learn. LHS is more than just report cards and diplomas. Students are challenged and engaged academically in an environment where diversity is valued, character is developed, and the entire population supports each other to achieve their goals. At LHS, students make lifelong friends, develop professional relationships with faculty, and learn the values of family and community. Students are prepared to make a life with purpose and meaning.


Technology Musings
Making Reusable iPhone Widgets with Interface Builder
One annoying thing about Interface Builder, at least for the iPhone, is that there is not a direct way of making reusable widgets that are both made *in* Interface Builder and *for* Interface Builder. I came up, though, with a set of instructions and helpers that make the process fairly painless. The class is called IBView, and should be used as the parent class for your reusable widget.
Here's how to create the widget:
 1. Create a class for your new widget, called MyWidget. Inherit from the IBView class (code provided below). Create all of the IBOutlets you want for your widget.
 2. Create a view with the same name as your widget class in Interface Builder. If your widget was named "MyWidget.m" then your interface should be called "MyWidget.xib". DO NOT set the class of this view or any subview to be of the MyWidget (or whatever class you are create) type. DO NOT do it.
 3. Set the "File's Owner" of your interface in Interface Builder to be the name of the class that you are creating - MyWidget in this case.
 4. Set up any connections you want between your IB view and File's Owner (i.e. your widget).
Now, your widget is created. You can now use the view in any IB panel by doing putting in a generic UIView, and setting the class name to your new class (MyWidget in this case).
Important caveat - one consequence of creating the view in Interface Builder is that there will be an extra view between the main view represented by your class and the rest of the elements of your class. Basically, your custom view acts as a generic view, and then *loads in* your Interface Builder file as a subview, meaning that the toplevel view in Interface Builder will sit under your MyWidget view. This is usually unimportant if you are just using IBOutlet stuff, but if you do advanced view management, it would be important to know that a view sits between you and the rest of your sub-widgets.
Okay, here is the code for IBView.m - just very simple code, with a tiny bit of Objective-C magic thrown in:
_TAG_ "IBView.h"
_USER_ IBView
-(void) loadViewsFromBundle {
NSString *class_name = NSStringFromClass([self class]);
NSLog(@"Loading bundle: %@", class_name);
UIView *mainSubView = [[[NSBundle mainBundle] loadNibNamed:class_name owner:self options:nil] lastObject];
[self addSubview:mainSubView];
-(id) initWithCoder:(NSCoder *)coder {
self = [super initWithCoder:coder];
if(self) {
[self loadViewsFromBundle];
return self;
- (id)initWithFrame:(CGRect)frame {
self = [super initWithFrame:frame];
if (self) {
[self loadViewsFromBundle];
// Initialization code.
return self;
And IBView.h is super-simple:
_TAG_
_USER_ IBView : UIView {
And that's all there is to it!


text:
Strategies to Promote Information-Based Teaching Design of Deep Learning
Download as PDF
Yu Cheng and Xinjian Zhang
With the rise and continuous development of learning science, deep learning has increasingly become the goal of education and teaching. In today's era of exploring the integration of information technology and curriculum, how to design technology to promote the teaching of deep learning has become a problem that needs to be paid attention to and considered. Based on the concept and connotation of deep learning, this paper analyzes the difference between deep learning and shallow learning, constructs the teaching design framework of deep learning, and specifically describes the key points and strategies of information-based teaching design to promote deep learning.
Information-based teaching; Deep learning; Higher-order thinking skills


text:
look like(redirected from it looks like)
look like someone or something
to resemble someone or something. You look like my cousin Fred. This one looks like an apple.
look like something
to give the appearance of predicting (something). The sky looks like rain. No, it looks like snow. Oh, oh. This looks like trouble. Let's go.
1. Have the appearance of, as in This letter looks like an acceptance. [c. 1400]
2. it looks like. It seems likely that, as in It looks like they'll invite us to dinner. [Colloquial; c. 1900] Also see the subsequent idioms beginning with look like.


text:
When a service doesn't run as you would like, when you want to change its default configuration, Systemd offers you several options.
Firstly, you can copy the standard unit file from the /usr/lib/systemd/system directory into the /etc/systemd/system directory and then changes its content. The new unit file will take precedence over the default one. Don't forget to run the systemctl daemon-reload command each time you create or modify a unit file
Also, if you want to make clear that you built the new unit file from the default one, you can add the following line at the beginning of the new unit file (here /etc/systemd/system/httpd.service):
.include /usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service [Service] CPUShares=500
Here you can read.include. It's not a typo but the syntax required by Systemd.
The specified directive (here CPUShares) will override the previous configuration except if this directive allows multiple values, in this case, the new value will be added at the end. To avoid this situation, you will have to proceed in two steps: assign an empty value and then assign the desired value in another line.
Secondly, instead of copying the default unit file, you can create a directory of the same name with the.d suffix in the /etc/systemd/system directory and drop a file with the.conf suffix containing the settings you want to override. This is automatically done when using the systemctl set-property command. This method also allows to override settings coming from a unit file located in the /etc/systemd/system directory.
In our example, create the /etc/systemd/system/httpd.service.d directory, then the file called constraints.conf and paste the following lines into it:
Thirdly, it is still possible to customize the environment before the service starts. You can specify a list of environment variables and their values with the Environment directive:
Environment="VAR1=word1 word2" VAR2=word3
You can also use a dedicated file with the EnvironmentFile directive. In the httpd case, you can see the following line in the /usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service file:
Finally, don't hesitate to run the systemd-delta command to know what was changed from the default configuration.
Who said that Systemd was not flexible!


text:
You are hereHome ›
The Cave: Why is Change so Difficult?
Why is it difficult to change? We often operate in the world with the limited paradigms given to us by family, friends, media and even our government. As practitioners it becomes more important that we start to look beyond the surface and analyze our own behavior. Profiling is a form of stereotyping that may guide our decisions either giving or limiting resources to our clients. This workshop seeks to expose those thought patterns, create pathways to a greater understanding of ourselves and the systems in which we operate.
Topics: Racism, Hidden Bias, Paradigm Shifts, Authentic Learning
LUNCH WILL BE PROVIDED TO ALL ADLER STUDENTS WITH A STUDENT ID
- About Adler
- Programs of Study
- Student Services
- Adler in the Community
- Timeline for Commencement


text:
We developed a simple method to perfuse oil–water in electrowetting displays. The theoretical model to simulate the progress of water entry into the interlayer while squeezing the oil was established. It shows that the minimum inlet pressure of water required to enter the interlayer must counteract the capillary pressure difference at the interface and the hydraulic resistance. In addition, the condition to remain the dyed oil in the pixels after the entry of water is affected by the pixel size and the height of interlayer. The perfusion experiment coincides with the simulation which confirms the theoretical conclusion that the pixel size and interlayer thickness influence the thickness of the remained oil films.
© 2013 IEEEPDF Article


nisd.domain.name
This configuration parameter specifies the NIS domain name for the adnisd process to use when communicating with NIS clients.
For example, to specify that you want to use euro-all as the NIS domain name in the zone named Europe-00-Zone, you can set this parameter as follows:
nisd.domain.name: euro-all
If this parameter is not defined in the configuration file, the zone name is used by default.


text:
(Fodor assumes) nomologically co-extensive. According to Fodor, we cannot distinguish between selection for adaptive responses in the presence of one versus the other of two such properties. We can represent each distinctly but, according to Fodor, selection histories are not sufficiently fine-grained to distinguish such contents.
Consider the two options: either the causal powers of two co-extensional properties F and G are distinct or they are not distinct. Suppose first that they are not distinct. On some plausible and medium-grained theories of property individuation, properties are individuated by their causal powers, so if there is no difference in the causal powers of F and G, they are the same property on such a theory. On this way of individuating properties, a representation that refers to the one must refer to the other too and so there is no problem here for a theory of referential content. On this way of thinking, if there is no distinction between the causal powers of triangularity and trilaterality, any difference in the mental representations TRIANGULAR and TRILATERAL must be a difference of a different sort. It might be a difference in representational vehicle, or in other words, the two might be different predicates denoting the same property. They might, consistent with this, differ in their cognitive roles. Alternatively, modest theories can maintain that these two representations are semantically complex, in which case there might be a difference (even a referential difference) in the constituent concepts out of which TRIANGULAR and TRILATERAL are composed (e.g., one mentions angles and one does not).
Suppose, on the other hand, that F and G do have distinct causal powers. Most would agree that this is in fact the case if X is the property of being a creature with a kidney and Y is the property of being a creature with a heart. In that case, this version of the objection does not get off the ground. If the causal powers of the properties differ, they can play different roles in selection histories. Consider, for example, the proposal that the contents of sensory-perceptual representations are (so to speak) their Normal causes. A system can have a disposition to be caused by Fs to do M, without having a disposition to be caused by Gs to do M, if F and G have distinct causal powers even (if they are co-extensive). The system can be selected for the one disposition that it has but it cannot be selected for the disposition that it does not have.
Fodor's objection has evolved into a general objection to any adaptational explanation and to the very notion of selection for. It would take too much space to follow the trail further here. (See Fodor and Piatelli-Palmarini 2010 and see esp. Block and Kitcher 2010 and Sober 2011 (Other Internet Resources) for effective critical discussion).
We turn now to the second functional indeterminacy problem. It stems from the fact that organic systems are selected for complex causal roles, as indicated earlier. For example, a gene in an antelope might have been selected because it (i) altered the shape of hemoglobin, (ii) which increased oxygen uptake, (iii) which allowed the antelope to move to higher ground, (iv) which gave them access to richer pasture in summer, (v) and so improved their nutritional status, their immunity to disease, their vigor in avoiding predation, their attraction to mates and (vi) their chances of survival and reproduction (Neander, 1995). To determine the function of a trait, such as the altered shape of the hemoglobin, the etiological theory of functions tells us to ask, "what did past instances do that was adaptive and that caused traits of that type to be selected?". In this case, the answer is (ii) through (vi). The altered shape of the hemoglobin did all of this, and all of this was adaptive, and all of this contributed to the selection of the trait (i.e., it was selected for all of this). So all of this would seem to be the trait's function. Its function is the complex causal role for which it was selected.
The problem for content can be seen when we consider mechanisms that produce or consume representations. For instance, the frog's detection device was selected because it (a) responded to small, dark, moving things and (b) that helped the frog catch these things, and (c) that provided the frog with nutrients and (d) that contributed to the frog's chances of survival and reproduction in various ways. Thus ancestral detection devices contributed to the selection of that type of device by way of a complex causal route in which the visible configuration of the stimulus and the nutritional properties of the stimulus both play a role. Note that this does not depend on these features of the environment being co-extensional. Even if not all small, dark and moving things were nutritious and not all nutritious things were small, dark and moving in the frog's natural habitat, this problem of complex causal roles would still remain. The problem is that the systems responsible for the production and the consumption of representations were selected for complex causal roles in which a number of environmental features were involved.
Agar (1993) supports the idea that the frog's representation represents small, dark, moving food, a content intended to incorporate all of the properties causally responsible for the selection. Price (1998, 2001) claims that, contrary to what has just been said, there is a unique, correct function ascription for each trait and she elaborates a number of principles to isolate the unique, correct function ascription. Enc (2002) endorses Price's claim that function ascriptions must be determinate if any teleological theory of content is to succeed but raises problems for her attempt to show that function ascriptions are suitably determinate.
However, teleological theories of content do not merely gesture toward functions and leave it at that. Consider again the causal theory discussed in the preceding section. The content of the frog's sensory-perceptual representation is not indeterminate between the configuration of visible features and something nutritious on that theory, since the frog's visual system was not selected for producing the relevant sensory-perceptual representation in response to the nutritional value of the stimulus. A frog's visual system is not causally sensitive to the presence or absence of nutrients and could not have been selected for a causal sensitivity it did not have. The general point here is that teleological theories of content appeal to functions in certain ways and one must examine the particular theory to see if the theory isolates a sufficiently determinate content.
In responding to the indeterminacy problem, Millikan (1991) might be thought to rely on the fact that, on her theory, it is the proper function of the consumer and not that of the producer of the representation that determines its content. For instance, in discussing Dretske's magnetesome example she says that, "[t]he mechanisms THAT USE the magnetesome's offerings don't care at all whether the magnet points to magnetic north, geomagnetic north or, say, to the North Star. The only one of the conditions Dretske mentioned that is necessary FOR THE USER'S PROPER FUNCTIONING is that the magnet point in the direction of lesser oxygen" (Millikan (1991, 163) original emphasis). However, it seems (to this author) that Millikan's emphasis here does not put the emphasis in the right place for her theory. Recall that one consumer of the frog's perceptual representation is the motor control system which controls the frog's orienting toward the stimulus. We can describe its function as controlling the frog's orienting toward frog food, but we could also describe it as controlling the frog's orienting toward small, dark, moving things. A mere appeal to consumers would seem to shift the problem without solving it. However, it does not follow that Millikan's theory leaves content indeterminate. It is Millikan's appeal to Normal conditions that does more work in disambiguating the content for her.
Finally, some proponents of teleological theories do not think that content is determinate in the cases used to illustrate the alleged problem. Dennett (1995) maintains that such content indeterminacy is unproblematic. Papineau (1997) maintains that content is indeterminate in the case of a creatures that lacks a belief-desire psychological structure. Whether a creature lacks a belief-desire structure will in part depend on how we construe this requirement. It is not straightforward whether frogs lack a belief-desire psychological structure given that they have both informational and motivational states. Nonetheless, Papineau is probably right that the informational and motivational states are not so distinct as ours and he might also be right that content indeterminacy at this level is unproblematic. We will, however, need to resolve related content indeterminacy problems for human mental states.
Another objection that has been influential is the Swampman objection. Swampman-style examples have been around for some time. Boorse (1976) imagines a population of rabbits accidentally coalescing into existence as a counter-example to Wright's etiological theory of functions. Boorse's claim was that we could ascribe functions to the rabbits' parts even if the rabbits lacked any selection-history. Swampman in particular was raised by Davidson (1987) as a potential objection to his own historical (but not teleological) theory of content. When Swampman comes into existence he is a synchronic (at a time, but not extended over time) physical replica of Davidson at a certain point in time (t). Swampman's history differs radically from Davidson's because he comes into existence as a result of a purely accidental collision of elementary particles. Crucially, he does not


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ToxFAQsTM for Otto Fuel II and Its Components
(Combustible Otto II y sus Componentes)
September 1996
CAS#: 106602-80-6
ToxFAQsâ„¢ PDF PDF Version, 151 KB
This fact sheet answers the most frequently asked health questions about Otto Fuel II and its components. For more information, you may call the ATSDR Information Center at _PHONE_. This fact sheet is one in a series of summaries about hazardous substances and their health effects. It is important you understand this information because this substance may harm you. The effects of exposure to any hazardous substance depend on the dose, the duration, how you are exposed, personal traits and habits, and whether other chemicals are present.
Summary
Exposure to Otto Fuel II occurs in areas where Otto Fuel II is used as a torpedo fuel or where it is made. Headaches are the most common effects from overexposure. Other effects include loss of balance, poor eye-hand coordination, eye irritation, nasal congestion, nausea, dizziness, and difficulty breathing. This substance has been found in at least 2 of the 1,430 National Priorities List sites identified by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
What is Otto Fuel II?
Otto Fuel II is a distinct-smelling, reddish-orange, oily liquid that the U.S. Navy uses as a fuel for torpedoes and other weapon systems. It is a mixture of three synthetic substances: propylene glycol dinitrate (the major component), 2-nitrodiphenylamine, and dibutyl sebacate.
Propylene glycol dinitrate, a colorless liquid with an unpleasant odor, is explosive. 2-Nitrodiphenylamine is an orange solid used to control the explosion of propylene glycol dinitrate. Dibutyl sebacate is a clear liquid used for making plastics, many of which are used for food packaging. It is also used to enhance flavor in some foods such as ice cream, candy, baked goods, and nonalcoholic drinks, and is found in some shaving creams.
What happens to Otto Fuel II when it enters the environment?
 - Otto Fuel II enters the environment mainly in waste water from Naval facilities that produce it or are involved in torpedo operations.
 - All three components can be broken down by microorganisms in soil and water.
 - Propylene glycol dinitrate evaporates rapidly; dibutyl sebacate and 2-nitrodiphenylamine do not evaporate easily.
 - 2-Nitrodiphenylamine does not dissolve easily in water and will be found associated with soil and sediments.
How might I be exposed to Otto Fuel II?
 - Breathing contaminated air or touching fuel in areas where Otto Fuel II is used or where it is made.
 - Eating food that contains dibutyl sebacate.
How can Otto Fuel II affect my health?
Most of the effects of Otto Fuel II on people's health are believed to be caused by propylene glycol dinitrate. People who work around Otto Fuel II report headaches, poor eye-hand coordination, eye irritation, congested noses, nausea, dizziness, and difficulty breathing
The most common effect of overexposure is headache. The greater the overexposure, the larger the number of reported symptoms. People who have worked around Otto Fuel II, but are no longer exposed to it, might feel chest pain or rapid beating of the heart.
We do not know if Otto Fuel II affects the ability of people to have children or if it causes birth defects. Animal studies show effects of propylene glycol dinitrate that are similar to the effects seen in people. Exposure of animals to moderate-to-large amounts for several weeks causes problems in the blood, such as a decreased ability of blood to carry oxygen. The livers and kidneys of some animals exposed to moderate levels of propylene glycol dinitrate 24 hours a day for several months showed damage. We do not know if these effects might also occur in persons exposed to sufficiently high concentrations.
Rats that had Otto Fuel II applied to their skin during pregnancy gave birth to babies with low birth weights.
It is not known if propylene glycol dinitrate causes birth defects in animals. The health of animals that ate large amounts of dibutyl sebacate for long periods was not affected. The babies of animals that ate large amounts of dibutyl sebacate grew more slowly than babies of animals that did not eat it.
We do not know anything about the health effects of 2-nitrodiphenylamine in animals.
How likely is Otto Fuel II to cause cancer?
The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), and the EPA have not reviewed Otto Fuel II to determine whether it is likely to cause cancer.
No human studies examine the carcinogenicity of Otto Fuels II or any of its components. Animal studies of propylene glycol dinitrate and dibutyl sebacate haven't determined whether these compounds are carcinogenic. The carcinogenicity of 2-nitrodiphenylamine has not been studied in animals.
Is there a medical test to show whether I've been exposed to Otto Fuel II?
No routine medical test shows if you have been exposed to Otto Fuel II. Breakdown products of propylene glycol dinitrate have been measured in blood and exhaled air, but these products leave your body within a day, so the tests must be given within a few hours of exposure. No tests are known for measuring the other two components of Otto Fuel II in your body.
Has the federal government made recommendations to protect human health?
The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) recommends that workers not be exposed to air containing more than 0.05 parts propylene glycol dinitrate per million parts of air (0.05 ppm) during a 10-hour workday, 40-hour workweek.
Glossary
Carcinogenicity: Ability to cause cancer.
CAS: Chemical Abstracts Service.
Evaporate: To change into a vapor or a gas.
ppm: Parts per million.
References
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). 1995. Toxicological Profile for Otto Fuel II and its components. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service.
Where can I get more information?
If you have questions or concerns, please contact your community or state health or environmental quality department or:
For more information, contact:
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
Division of Toxicology and Human Health Sciences
1600 Clifton Road NE, Mailstop F-57
Atlanta, GA 30333
Phone: 1-800-CDC-INFO · _PHONE_ (TTY)
Email: Contact CDC-INFO
ATSDR can also tell you the location of occupational and environmental health clinics. These clinics specialize in recognizing, evaluating, and treating illnesses resulting from exposure to hazardous substances.
Contact Us:
 - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
 4770 Buford Hwy NE
 Atlanta, GA 30341
 - 800-CDC-INFO
 _PHONE_)
 TTY: _PHONE_
 - New Hours of Operation
 8am-8pm ET/Monday-Friday
 Closed Holidays
 Contact CDC-INFO
USA.gov: The U.S. Government's Official Web PortalDepartment of Health and Human Services
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 1600 Clifton Road Atlanta, GA 30329-4027, USA
800-CDC-INFO _PHONE_) TTY: _PHONE_ - Contact CDC–INFO
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SE&CR N Class 1860 SR Black (Sunshine) (372-936)
SE&CR N Class 1860 SR Black (Sunshine)
Out of stock
The SECR N class was a type of 2-6-0 (mogul") steam locomotive designed in 1914 by Richard Maunsell for mixed-traffic duties on the South Eastern and Chatham Railway (SECR). Built between 1917 and 1934, it was the first non-Great Western Railway (GWR) type to use and improve upon the basic design principles established by GWR Chief Mechanical Engineer George Jackson Churchward. The N class was based on the GWR 4300 Class design, improved with Midland Railway concepts.
The N class was mechanically similar to the SECR K class 2-6-4 passenger tank engine, also conceived by Maunsell. It influenced future 2-6-0 development in Britain and provided the basis for the 3-cylinder N1 class of 1922. Production was delayed by the outbreak of the First World War and the first N class rolled out of Ashford Works in 1917, three years after design work was completed. The class replaced obsolete 0-6-0s as part of the SECR's fleet standardisation, as they used parts interchangeable with those of other classes.
Eighty N class locomotives were built in three batches between the First and Second World Wars. Fifty were assembled from kits of parts made at the Royal Arsenal, Woolwich, giving rise to the nickname of "Woolworths". They worked over most of the Southern Railway (SR) network and were used by the Southern Region of British Railways (BR) until the last was withdrawn in 1966. One N class locomotive is preserved on the Swanage Railway.


Dipole spectrum structure of nonresonant nonpertubative driven two-level atoms
TitleDipole spectrum structure of nonresonant nonpertubative driven two-level atoms
Publication TypeJournal Article
Year of Publication2010
AuthorsPicón, A, Roso, L, Mompart, J, Varela, O, Ahufinger, V, Corbalán, R, Plaja, L
JournalPhys. Rev. A
Volume81
Pagination033420
Date PublishedMar
Abstract
We analyze the dipole spectrum of a two-level atom excited by a nonresonant intense monochromatic field under the electric dipole approximation and beyond the rotating wave approximation. We show that the apparently complex spectral structure can be completely described by two families: harmonic frequencies of the driving field and field-induced nonlinear fluorescence. Our formulation of the problem provides quantitative laws for the most relevant spectral features: harmonic ratios and phases, nonperturbative Stark shift, and frequency limits of the harmonic plateau. In particular, we demonstrate the locking of the harmonic phases at the wings of the plateau opening the possibility of ultrashort pulse generation through harmonic filtering.
URLhttps://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevA.81.033420
DOI10.1103/PhysRevA.81.033420
Campus d'excel·lència internacional U A B


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Experimental characterization and performance evaluation of geothermal grouting materials subjected to heating–cooling cycles
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AuthorIndacoechea Vega, Irune; Pascual Muñoz, Pablo; Castro Fresno, Daniel; Calzada Pérez, Miguel Ángel
In recent years, the increasing rise in environmental awareness among energy consumers has led to an increasing use of renewable energies such as the geothermal energy. An important role in the efficient exploitation of the geothermal resource is played by the grouting material placed in the borehole between the pipes and the ground. Actually, the use of proper grouts is essential to provide an effective heat transfer between the ground and the heat carrier fluid in the pipes, and also to comply with the mechanical and environmental demands. However, when it comes to the construction of the GHP installations, the grout is especially required to be easy to work with (workable) and for this reason more water than required is sometimes added. In order to assess the suitability of grouting materials with significant water/solid ratios, the thermal conductivity, mechanical strength and permeability of five different grouts and grout–pipe specimens were measured for their laboratory characterization. In addition, the grouts were subjected to heating and cooling cycles to evaluate their durability with time in terms of the potential degradation of the materials and the loss of quality of the grout–pipe interface. According to the results obtained, the grouts here tested are appropriate for most of the geothermal heat pump installations, especially for those with low to medium ground thermal properties.


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An Overview of the Medical Applications of Marine Skeletal Matrix Proteins
AbstractIn recent years, the medicinal potential of marine organisms has attracted increasing attention. This is due to their immense diversity and adaptation to unique ecological niches that has led to vast physiological and biochemical diversification. Among these organisms, marine calcifiers are an abundant source of novel proteins and chemical entities that can be used for drug discovery. Studies of the skeletal organic matrix proteins of marine calcifiers have focused on biomedical applications such as the identification of growth inducing proteins that can be used for bone regeneration, for example, 2/4 bone morphogenic proteins (BMP). Although a few reports on the functions of proteins derived from marine calcifiers can be found in the literature, marine calcifiers themselves remain an untapped source of proteins for the development of innovative pharmaceuticals. Following an overview of the current knowledge of skeletal organic matrix proteins from marine calcifiers, this review will focus on various aspects of marine skeletal protein research including sources, biosynthesis, structures, and possible strategies for chemical or physical modification. Special attention will be given to potential medical applications and recent discoveries of skeletal proteins and polysaccharides with biologically appealing characteristics. In addition, I will introduce an effective protocol for sample preparation and protein purification that includes isolation technology for biopolymers (of both soluble and insoluble organic matrices) from coralline algae. These algae are a widespread but poorly studied group of shallow marine calcifiers that have great potential for marine drug discovery. View Full-Text
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Rahman, M.A. An Overview of the Medical Applications of Marine Skeletal Matrix Proteins. Mar. Drugs 2016, 14, 167.
Rahman MA. An Overview of the Medical Applications of Marine Skeletal Matrix Proteins. Marine Drugs. 2016; 14(9):_URL_ Style
Rahman, M. A. 2016. "An Overview of the Medical Applications of Marine Skeletal Matrix Proteins." Mar. Drugs 14, no. 9: 167.
Note that from the first issue of 2016, MDPI journals use article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.


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Letter to the Editor: Haven Creek Baptist Church anniversary celebrated – 'Here's to 160 more'
Published 7:50 am Thursday, December 22, 2022
To the Editor:
Antietam, the creation of the transcontinental railroad, the abolishment of slavery in the District of Columbia, the enlistment of Black soldiers in our armies, the establishment of public land grant colleges, the nation's first diplomatic relations with Black republics in Haiti and Liberia, and Union Brig. Gen. Burnside's successful expedition to Roanoke Island, what do all these historic events have in common?
They occurred 160 years ago in 1862, the same year as the founding of Manteo, North Carolina's historic Haven Creek Baptist Church.
Members of the church, friends, families, well-wishers and Pastor Ray Hill and his wife gathered recently to mark the church's founding at the island's north end. For members of Roanoke Island's African American community, starting a place of worship in the 1860's in North Carolina was courageous, long delayed, and revolutionary. The families and community members who started Haven Creek were some of the area's regionally acclaimed Freedmen's Colony who "made it across the creek to find safe haven."
Haven Creek members thank God and community for continuously blessing them with wonderful parishioners, pastors, and community, who have emphasized education, service and appreciation for local heritage to meet local needs and our future.
Here's to 160 more.


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The structural relationship between negative thermal expansion and quartic anharmonicity of cubic ScF3
|Date/Time:||Thursday, 19 Jan 2012 - Thursday, 19 Jan 2012|
|Location:||PHYSICS Room 5|
|Channel:||Condensed Matter Physics|
California Institute of Technology
Cubic scandium tri-fluoride (ScF3) has a large negative thermal expansion over a wide range of temperature. Inelastic neutron scattering experiments were performed with the ARCS spectrometer at the SNS to study the temperature dependence of the lattice dynamics of ScF3 from 7 to 750 K. The measured phonon densities of states show a large anharmonic contribution with a thermal stiffening of modes around 25meV. Phonon calculations with first-principles methods identified the individual modes in the DOS, and frozen phonon calculations showed that some of the modes with motions of F atoms transverse to their bond direction behave as quantum quartic oscillators. The quartic potential originates from harmonic interatomic forces in the DO9 structure of ScF3, and accounts for phonon stiffening with temperature and a significant part of the negative thermal expansion.


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Bead Shroud Fragment
An arrangement of small faience beads with original threading mounted on cardboard annotated: "From the Ramesseum Q. XVIII DYN XV Cent / BC". They were collected during the 1896 excavations at the mortuary temple of Ramesses II (Western Thebes) by the Egyptian Research Account. This is a fragment of a text band from a funerary shroud constructed of faience beads strung together in a net pattern, that would have been placed over the outer wrappings of a mummified body. From Quibell's excavations for the Egyptian Research Account 1896; see J E Quibell, 'The Ramesseum' (London, 1898).


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What You'll Need:
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 2. Download and print 2 copies of our Horse Tail Race Printout.
 3. Choose a playing area, indoors or outdoors, with 20'–30' of running space.
 4. Use masking tape to mark a starting line 15'–25' away from a wall, a tree, or another object. (You will hang the horse pictures on this surface area.)
At the Party:
 1. Hang the horse pictures on a tree or wall running distance (15'–25') away from the starting line.
 2. Divide the children into two equal teams.
 3. Explain that the object is to be the first team to attach all of the colored streamers to the horse picture, forming the horse's rainbow tail.
 4. Have each team form a line, one behind the other, beginning at the starting line.
 5. Hand each child a streamer.
 6. When you say, "Go!" the first child from each team runs with his or her streamer and attaches it to the horse's tail.
 7. The players run back to tag the next teammate in each line.
 8. Those players then run to the horses and attach their streamers.
 9. Play continues until one team has all of their streamers in place, forming a complete horse's tail.
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CHAPLAINCY IN EDUCATION
Chaplaincy in an education setting can take many shapes, it is essential is that it meets the needs of the institution and responds to the local setting.
There are a variety of models within the Diocese of Exeter; however, there are some fundamental principles which need to be considered.
- Support from senior management
- Support from local church communities, ecumenical where possible
- Support from the Diocese, licensing of chaplains, providing training, etc.
- Adequate resources – these need not be financial
- A base – this can be virtual
- Chaplaincy is not a vehicle for proselytising
Chaplaincy can offer:
- Additional and specific spiritual and pastoral support of students
- Support for staff
- Additional support/ resource to the curriculum
- Critical incident support
- Community links
- Can be seen as working beyond the "gates"
- Additional activities
- Chaplains can often go where other "fear to tread"
Remember that Chaplaincy is to the whole community.
Chaplaincy can best be described as the Walk to Emmaus, Chaplains walk alongside all participants of an institution, they listen to their story, support their issues, if appropriate share their own story and signpost to others for further guidance and support if necessary.
Chaplaincy in Education is transformative and:
- offers spiritual and pastoral care to everyone and shares the life of the community;
- is distinctively Christian and utterly inclusive and works with people of all faiths and cultures;
- is 'the public face of God' for the community;
- 'is there to listen and care, to pray for and bless the school/college/university.'
Chaplains can be lay or ordained and from any Christian church. With the support of local churches and the diocese, almost anyone can be called and trained to be a chaplain.
Chaplains have the opportunity to be part of wider regional and national support networks and training opportunities – details these can be found in our newsletters


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The most enduring legacy from the 1962 Seattle World's Fair can be found at the Seattle Center, with its Space Needle dominating the city's skyline and defining its worldwide image.
But 60 miles south, Tumwater Falls Park, with its picturesque waterfall, historic roots and half-mile trail along the Deschutes River, also claims its place among the many lasting monuments to that six-month gathering 55 years ago.
Just as Seattle and surrounding areas use Seattle Center as a place to play, Tumwater Falls Park has become a place for the local community and visitors to enjoy the natural beauty of the area.
"It's the heart and soul of Tumwater, like an oasis in the middle of the city – a sanctuary" says Don Trosper, public history manager for the Olympia Tumwater Foundation, which built and maintains the park.
Even with Interstate-5 bordering the park on one side and busy Capitol Boulevard on the other, the sound of flowing water draws people to the natural serenity of the park, muffling the din of modern life, says John Freedman, executive director of the park. "We want to preserve the natural beauty."
The roots of this modern incarnation of "Deschutes canyon" began at a board meeting of the Foundation in December 1961, four months before the fair opened.
The foundation was established in 1950 to enable the Olympia Brewing Company and the Schmidt family who owned and ran it to channel money for projects and philanthropic activities. Its first project was the Tivoli Fountain on the Capitol Campus.
In 1961, the foundation's board saw opportunity in the traffic flowing to the fair on the newly finished freeway. Brewery tours were hugely popular, but once complete, tour guides could not point to an easily accessible park area where families could relax.
"They saw it (the park) as a great marketing idea," says Karen Johnson, curator for the foundation, which also oversees operations of the nearby Schmidt House. She says "a lot of people had their hands in the pie" to get it built, including prominent local grocer Carl Reder, whose son Joe ran the park for many years.
The park proved a big hit. In its early years, about 400,000 people visited annually; it has since stabilized at about 250,000, Freedman said. It's one of the top five tourist attractions in the county, Trosper adds.
The park, owned by the Foundation, was built exclusively with private money at a cost of $430,000. It still operates with no public money.
The park of that era looks much as it does now – paths meander down either side of the river, connected by two scenic bridges. Under nearby shade trees are picnic tables and a small playground. A state-run fish hatchery is located near the Upper Falls. But Trosper said the park area's bucolic present belies its bustling past.
"This is not how it started," Trosper says during a fascinating River Talk he leads on Thursday nights during the summer.
Michael T. Simmons, leader of the first band of white settlers, was immediately attracted by the river's potential: "This is going to be the place where we settle," he said.
The name "Tumwater" is a derivation of the Indian world "tum chuck" – meaning "noisy water." "Deschutes" is a derivation of a name given to the river by French trappers and traders, Trosper said.
Since 1845, the site has been home to a grist mill, sawmill, power plant, tannery, ice company, railroad line, flour mill and a park.
Hazard Stevens, son of the first territorial governor, opened an animal park nearby, below what is now the Falls Terrace Restaurant. Elk, swans and even a bear were among the attractions in what Freedman and Trosper describe as "an early version of Northwest Trek." Stevens wanted an attraction for the new street trolley system he helped finance to shuttle people from Olympia to "the wilds" of Tumwater.
A natural amphitheater on the brewery side of the park, with bleacher-type seats and a footbridge across the river, was developed. Concerts, conventions and other social occasions were held there. Among the social events noted by an Olympian article in 1892:
"The grove along the right side of the Deschutes River …is being cleared and winding walks and trails installed there. It is expected that a vast amount of Olympia love-making will be done in this delightful little park, made accessible by the electric car."
Until I-5 was built, Deschutes Parkway, parallel to the river park, was the main street of Tumwater, where businesses flourished and residents lived.
Surprisingly, what was not there when white settlers arrived were salmon. The river was not a natural salmon run. Salmon were introduced by the newcomers, who built fish ladders, some of which date to the 1890s. Watching the salmon fight their way upstream is a highlight for park visitors each fall.
Some change may be in the offing. The Falls Park and Historical Park may be connected and the salmon hatchery by the Upper Falls is scheduled to be moved. But mostly, Freedman says, the park will remain as people know and love it
"It's not broke, so why fix it?" he said.