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Characterization of a personal exposure dosimeter
Abstract : To be able to perform occupational exposure assessment in an airport area with personal dosimeters, two models of personal dosimeters were indeep characterized. Frequency response, linearity, cross-over, reproducibility, isotropy were measured, and results are presented in view of practical considerations for daily use. Many radiocommunication systems are used within Paris airport utilities (ADP) for occupational use or service to passengers. ADP would assess the exposure of personnel and passengers. A cartography of sources has been achieved, showing some places with electric field levels above the ambient level. In view to establish a methodology to systematically characterize personnel exposure, two models of dosimeter have been evaluated. Detailed characterization of 2 models of dosimeter: EME SPY 121 and EME SPY 140: 1. Correctness of the field measurement at any frequency, and rejection in other frequency bands. 2. Response in the frequency domain. 3. Assessment of exposure to 2 or 3 simultaneous frequencies of a same source or of different sources. EME SPY dosimeters are selective isotropic and wearable dosimeters, recording electric field of 12 different sources for the EME SPY 121 and 14 sources for the EME SPY 140. Sources are identified by their frequency band and include: modulation frequency radio broadcasting (FM - 87.5-107.5 MHz), TV3 now abandoned since the all digital TV (174-223 MHz), TETRA (cellular phone for emergency and safety services - 380-400 MHz), TV4&5 (470-830 MHz), GSMtx where tx means the phone terminal, the device with which we can call or be called, and GSM is the GSM 900 in the 900 MHz frequency band (880-915 MHz), GSMrx, where rx means the base station antennas (925-960 MHz), the DCSrx and tx, where DCS is the GSM1800 system in the 1800 MHz frequency band (_PHONE_ MHz for the terminal devices tx, _PHONE_ MHz for the antennas rx), the wireless phone, domestic or occupational DECT (_PHONE_ MHz), the 3G data communication system also called UMTS (_PHONE_ MHz for tx, 2110-2170 MHz for rx), the WiFi "2G", where 2G does not mean 2nd generation but the 2 GHz frequency band, and for the EME SPY 140, two more recent services are WiMax (3400-3800 MHz) and WiFi 5G (around 5 GHz: 5150-5850 MHz). Measurements were performed in a GAM T20 anechoic chamber, with generators Marconi 2023, Rohde & Schwartz SLM03 and SMBV100A. Ophir _PHONE_ and ifi CMCE300 amplifiers were used; antennas were Electro-metrics EM6917 and Schwarzbeck BBHA 9120. Electric field level was calibrated with a calibrated EMR300 fieldmeter and another one NBM550. For mobile phone emission, a dual band Motorola phone was used, and for DECT emission, a commercial DECT phone. Only one orientation of the dosimeters in front of the emitting antenna was achieved, and the two polarisations were tested. Most measurements were correct within less than 3 dB. GSM modulation was found to correctly proportionate the peak to rms value of a factor of SQRT(8): dosimeters indicate the peak value, as the fieldmeter indicates the rms value. With the EME 121, values were found higher for GSM1800 antennas and 3G handsets. With EME 140, values were found lower for WiMax and WiFi 5G. This can be explained because this measurement is made in one orientation only, and the calibration of the dosimeters is achieved for an average level on 360° for a better isotropy. No crossover was observed. The frequency response of dosimeters was good, with a slight shift to upper frequencies for FM with the EME 140. Cumulative exosure to 2 different frequencies of a same source lead to lower values of FM and TV4&5 with the dosimeters. When an antenna and a mobile handset emit at the same time, there results in higher values by the EME 140, as the emission of 2 handsets in GSM 1800 was lower. Wireless DECT emissions are either higher either lower. When 3 devices emit at the same time as for example when simultaneously using a GSM handset, a wireless phone and a WiFi tablet, which is not a realistic situation, there is an higher value of the exposure. Alltogether, these results indicate that the measurements by the dosimeter are balanced, and that the actual exposure to the most frequent sources is lower than indicated by the dosimeters. Then dosimeters can reliably be used to assess conservative personal exposure of employees or passengers: the most useful information will be on duration of exposure to different sources (exposure distribution or histogram), and the electric field levels can be used as indicative and comparative among different places in the airport, or at different times of the day, the week, or the year. A recalibration is necessary at least every two years.
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Contributor : Gestionnaire Civs <>
Submitted on : Wednesday, August 8, 2018 - 11:12:54 AM
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 - HAL Id : ineris-01855526, version 1
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René de Seze, Jean Martin, Patrice Cagnon. Characterization of a personal exposure dosimeter. Joint meeting of the Bioelectromagnetics Society and the European BioElectromagnetics Association (BioEM 2014), Jun 2014, Cape Town, South Africa. ⟨ineris-01855526⟩
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How Much to Separate?
The Torah does not specify an amount that must be separated for challah, bikkurim, or terumah. By contrast, it does specify that one-tenth of the crop is given to a Levi as ma'aser. The Sages determined that a professional baker separates one out of forty-eight parts, while a lay baker separates one out of twenty-four parts.
Why does the professional give less challah? The Ateres Zahav states that the Sages were more lenient with a baker because baking is his livelihood, and the Sages wanted him to enjoy more of the fruits of his labor. The Rambam writes that whereas a baker generally deals with large portions of dough, the amount that he separates, even at the smaller one-forty-eighth ratio, generally is large enough to make a suitable gift to the kohen. A housewife kneads smaller quantities, so that a larger percentage, one-twenty-fourth, is required to make her gift suitable.
The Lubavitcher Rebbe advances a more esoteric reason for the difference. He explains that G-d wants us to perceive His providence in all that we do. A professional baker is heavily reliant upon a good planting season and a good harvest. He carefully monitors these and thereby witnesses G-d's providence throughout the process of flour manufacture. A non-professional sees only the final product. He must give a greater percentage, so that he will have a greater awareness of G-d's manifestation.
Today, because the mitzvah of challah is Rabbinic in nature, there is no minimum amount that must be taken. In Israel, there is a widely observed custom to take a k'zayis, the size of an egg.
While both men and women have the obligation to separate challah, this is among the mitzvos that were specially entrusted to women. Where both husband and wife are involved in making dough, it is preferable for the wife to separate the challah.
How large must the dough mass be to require the taking of challah? One must take challah if the dough is at minimum the size of an omer, equivalent to a volume of forty-three and one-fifth eggs. (The omer is the standard of measurement for food in the Torah.) There is a disagreement concerning the precise measurement of an omer. There is a consensus that dough weighing five pounds meets the minimum size requirement. A consensus exists as well that dough weighing less than two and one half pounds is too small to require the taking of challah. Therefore, when one kneads five or more pounds of dough, she recites the blessing. If kneading less than two and a half pounds, she does not take challah at all. When kneading dough that weighs between two and a half pounds and five pounds, one does take challah, but should consult a competent Orthodox rabbi regarding the recitation of the blessing.
The blessing made for the taking of challah is "who sanctified us with His commandments and commanded us to separate challah." A common custom is to say "... to separate challah from the dough." This latter version is not recorded in the Shulchan Aruch, and the Taz, one of the principal commentators on the Shulchan Aruch, notes that he does not know the basis for it. Nonetheless, the custom in many circles is to add the words "from the dough."
Challah is taken only from five grains: wheat, oats, rye, spelt, and barley. Challah is not taken from rice, corn, or other grains with which dough may be made. Also, challah is taken once the flour and water have been mixed; it cannot be taken before the kneading has been done. And it should be taken before the dough is baked; nonetheless, if one neglected to separate challah before baking, she does so after baking. (In Passover matzoh baking, where we must complete the baking process quickly, we take challah only after baking.)
We separate challah from cake doughs as well as from bread doughs; however, if the majority of the liquid content is juice rather than water, we do not make the blessing. If none of the liquid is water, it is preferable to add a little water and separate challah. (For a detailed, practical exposition of the challah laws, see Spice and Spirit: The Complete Kosher Jewish Cookbook.)
The mitzvah of taking challah serves a number of purposes. It connects the mundane act of food preparation to G-d, by reminding us that He is the true owner of the land. It also establishes a bond between the common folk and the kohanim, the priests, who are ideally the recipients of the challah. The kohanim, by virtue of the fact that they were deeply involved in the service at the Temple, were unable to engage in farming on a regular basis. Challah, terumah, and the other gifts given them afforded the kohanim sustenance as they performed their work.
Today we do not give challah to the kohanim. While we do have kohanim in our midst, we are unable to verify their lineage beyond any doubt. A non-kohen is not permitted to eat challah. Therefore, we destroy the challah by burning it to the point that it is inedible. (Walk into a kosher pizza store, and you will often see a crisply burned ball of dough resting on top of the oven. This is the challah.)
Rabbi Yitzchak Hanoka is a Rabbinic Coordinator at the OK Labs
Originally published in The Jewish Homemaker
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Discussion (20)
April 25, 2014
Where and when is the best place to burn the challah that one separates? During the bread being baked? in the oven at the same time or not?
February 3, 2014
amount of dough vs amount of flour
Indeed you are correct. The measurement mentioned in Halachah is in flour measurements, not in dough.
Shaul Wolf
January 31, 2014
amount of dough vs amount of flour
In this article, it states that when five pounds of dough is kneaded, one must separate challah with a blessing. In other articles, the amount necessary is the use of five pounds of flour.
Can you please clarify for me?
Thank you,
March 8, 2013
why are we supposed to burn a peice of dough in the oven
February 4, 2013
challah on bagels
Do you take challah from bagels if they are boiled and then baked. Studying Pesachim and it differentiates between baking and fying or boiling. Also if you do take challah from bagels, at what point do you do so?
September 10, 2012
RE: burning the challah
You should not burn it at the same time that you are baking your bread, as you do not want the forbidden challah flavor to enter your bread.
Rabbi Menachem Posner
September 7, 2012
burning the challah
may the challah be burnt in the same oven at the same time I am baking my loaves?
brooklyn, ny
August 19, 2009
Using different liquids in challah recipes
If I use liquids other than water in my challah recipes (eg. soy milk, wine, juice, liquor, etc.) Is the challah still considered hamotzi? Can it be used as lechem mishne on shabbat? Is there a difference on this for Sephardim vs. Ashkenazim?
March 13, 2009
RE: which is it, kezayis or egg?
"which is it, kezayis or egg?"
A Kzayis.
See the gloss from Rabbi Moshe Isserlis to the Shulchan Aruch Yoreh Deiah 322:5
Yehuda Shurpin
Brooklyn, NY
March 12, 2009
you write that "there is a widely observed custom to take a k'zayis, the size of an egg."
which is it, kezayis or egg?
montevideo, uruguay
Show all comments


text:
Fire, Smoke and Repairs
On December 15, 1993, fire swept through the stately Utah Governor's Mansion. The cause: faulty wiring on the Christmas tree in the Grand Hall.
Smoke traveled quickly from the hall to the nearby stairwell, which channeled heat and smoke up through the house and out the roof nearly destroying the dome over the staircase.
Fortunately, the Governor's family (Governor Leavitt was not in the mansion at the time of the fire) and staff were able to alert the fire department and escape without injury. The Salt Lake City fire department responded immediately and took special precautions to protect irreplaceable elements of the building. They placed dams across doorways to prevent water from spreading into rooms which did not have to be exposed to the fire-fighting process.
Shortly after the fire was extinguished, representatives of the State Fire Marshal's Office, the Division of Facilities Construction and Management, and the Division of State History met to assess the damage. Utah Disaster Kleenup was called in to vacuum up water, dry out the mansion and start topical cleaning of all surfaces. A temporary heat source was placed in the building to prevent damp wood from freezing and cracking. These initial actions marked the beginning of an arduous effort to ensure the preservation and restoration of this national treasure. Enough of the mansion's original materials remained to warrant a comprehensive restoration. What was lost in the fire was replicated to the highest possible standards, while original materials were cleaned and refinished. Delicate original plasterwork was retained in place after the plaster walls and woodwork were removed for cleaning.
Martin Churchill Associates, Inc. of Arlington, Virginia was brought in to supervise smoke and odor removal. The firm determined that virtually all interior wall surfaces would have to be removed and interior wall cavities cleaned. Sponge and grit-blasting were used to clean the interior surfaces of caustic tar, smoke and soot damage. Ozone generators were used to complete the combustion process and eliminate odors before the walls were replastered.
The most extensive exterior smoke damage occurred on the south second level porch. Poultices, soft water washes and chemical washes were tried and were mostly ineffective cleaning tools. Finally, a soft sand-blasting technique was successful. The process left no visible damage to the stone and was used only in small areas.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


Villanella, work in progress, 35mm slides, colour.
In music, a Villanella (Italian pronunciation: [villaˈnɛlla]; is a form of light Italian secular vocal music which originated in Italy just before the middle of the 16th century. It first appeared in Naples, and influenced the later canzonetta, and from there also influenced the madrigal.
The subject matter is generally rustic, comic, and often satirical; frequently the mannerisms of art music, such as the madrigal, are a subject of parody. The rhyme scheme of the verse in the earlier Neapolitan forms of the villanelle is usually abR abR abR ccR. The villanelle became one of the most popular forms of song in Italy around mid-century.
The music of the early Villanella (known as the canzone villanesca) is invariably for three unaccompanied voices.
I collected a series of found 35mm film slides from disparate repositories and private collections, to further process them with Hydrogen Peroxide (Mordançage).
The collection initially included 20 slides, and has now grown to circa 100 slides, projected on a loop via an old slide projector.


text:
TeachMeFinance.com - explain intelligence-related activities
intelligence-related activities 'intelligence-related activities' is an military term meaning '(DOD) Those activities outside the consolidated defense intelligence program that: respond to operational commanders' tasking for time-sensitive information on foreign entities; respond to national intelligence community tasking of systems whose primary mission is support to operating forces; train personnel for intelligence duties; provide an intelligence reserve; or are devoted to research and development of intelligence or related capabilities. (Specifically excluded are programs that are so closely integrated with a weapon system that their primary function is to provide immediate-use targeting data.)'.
About the author

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


SQL Eval Function Directory_GetFiles
Directory_GetFiles returns the names of files (including their paths) that match the specified search pattern in the specified directory, using a value to determine whether to search subdirectories.
Directory_GetFiles (
 _USER_ NVARCHAR (MAX),
 _USER_ NVARCHAR (MAX)
 - path: The relative or absolute path to the directory to search. This string is not case-sensitive.
 - searchPattern: The search string to match against the names of files in path. This parameter can contain a combination of valid literal path and wildcard (* and?) characters, but it doesn't support regular expressions.
 - searchOption: One of the enumeration values that specifies whether the search operation should include all subdirectories or only the current directory.
You can use one of the following options.
SearchOption Integer Value Descritpiton
TopDirectoryOnly 0 Includes only the current directory in a search operation.
AllDirectories 1 Includes the current directory and all its subdirectories in a search operation. This option includes reparse points such as mounted drives and symbolic links in the search.
A list of the full names (including paths) for the files in the specified directory that match the specified search pattern and option, or an empty list if no files are found.
SELECT * FROM Directory_GetFiles('C:\Logs', '*.html', 1)
SELECT * FROM Directory_GetFiles('C:\Temp', '*.pdf', 0)


symptoms. Eventually, all our servers were affected by the outage.
Eventually, we managed to stabilize the system. The servers were up and running again, database availability was improving and began the process of automatic data repair and recovery. The web servers were accepting requests again, which means the Skylight agents could resume sending reports. However, the data-processing part of the system remained stuck in a restart loop due to a Kafka error.
Normally, Kafka is one the most robust parts of our system. Upon receiving reports from agents, after some lightweight authentication and validation steps, the contents of these agent reports were promptly written to Kafka while awaiting further processing. Because of Kafka's track record of being highly available, this split of responsibility in our architecture has historically prevented data loss during outages – as long as the data is in Kafka, we can always catch up on processing it after the issue is resolved.
This time, we were not so lucky. Because all of our servers went down together in short succession, it had defeated our redundancy and replication strategy. Not only was the Kafka cluster unavailable during the outage window, when the nodes eventually came back online, they suffered from a data consistency issue that caused a good amount of data to become unavailable. When the workers started back up, they tried to resume processing data from where they left off, and because the data was no longer available in Kafka, this caused a crash in the workers and thus they were stuck in a restart loop unable to make progress.
To be clear, Kafka wasn't used for storing persistent data. Once an agent report has been processed by a worker, the data in Kafka is no longer needed. However, it did mean that any reports that were submitted during the outage window that hadn't been processed were lost permanently. In other words, you may notice a gap of data missing on your Skylight dashboard from around Thursday May 14 11:30 PM Pacific Time and possibly up to around Friday May 15 3 AM or so.
Once we became certain that the data in Kafka was unrecoverable, we instructed the workers to skip over the agent reports in the affected window, so that they can start ingesting new data and unblock the processing of agent reports. We are very sorry about this, but given the circumstances at the time, we believe this was the right call.
Initially, we had assumed the incident was due to a widespread network partition event at the data center, as it seems to fit the reachability issues we observed at the time. Upon further investigation, it turned out that this was caused by a bad automatic security update, similar to another incident in the past. A bad package was pushed to Ubuntu's security channel yesterday. Under certain circumstances, installing this package will cause a kernel panic, which was what happened here.
Now that we have identified the root cause of the incident, we will work on mitigating the risk of it happening again in the future. In the short term, we plan to make some adjustments to our automatic security updates to allow for more time to discover and respond to issues like this. We also plan on looking into improving the redundancy of our Kafka cluster and potentially moving to a managed Kafka solution.
Once again, we are really sorry about this.
]]>
<![CDATA[The Lifecycle of a Response]]>_URL_ 05 May 2020 17:59:51 GMT
This post is a write-up of the talk I gave at RailsConf 2020. You can find the slides here.
Last year, the Skylight team gave a talk called Inside Rails: The Lifecycle of a Request. In that talk, we covered everything that happens between typing a URL into your browser to a request reaching your Rails controller action. But that talk ended with a cliffhanger:
Once we are in the controller action, how does Rails send our response back to the browser?
Together, these two talks paint a complete picture of the browser request/response cycle, the foundation that the whole field of web development is built on. But don't worry, you don't need to have seen that talk to understand this one. We'll start with a little recap of the important concepts.
Buckle up, because we're headed on a safari into the lifecycle of the response.
The Lifecycle of a Response
First, a little recap...
Let's get in our Safari Jeep and head on over to "_URL_". When we visit this page, we should see "Hello World." Let's go!
The Lifecycle of a Response
Oh no!!!! It appears that our safari server has been overtaken by lions. Instead of "Hello World" we see... "Roar Savanna"?! How did this happen? Let's find out! First, we need to answer this question:
When our browser connects to a server, how does the server know what the browser is asking for?
The Lifecycle of a Response
The browser and the server have to agree on a language for "speaking" to each other so that each can understand what the other is asking for. This set of rules is called "HTTP." It stands for hyper text transfer protocol, which is the language that both browsers and web servers can understand. "Protocol" is just a fancy word for "set of rules."
To get "_URL_", here is the simplest request that we could make. It specifies that it is a GET request, for the path /safari, using the HTTP protocol version 1.1, and it is for the host "skylight.io":
GET /safari HTTP/1.1
Host: skylight.io
And the HTTP-compliant response from the server looks something like this:
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Type: text/plain
Content-Length: 12
Date: Thu, 25 Apr 2019 18:52:54 GMT
Roar Savanna
It specifies that the request was successful, gives a bunch of header information—like Content-Type, Content-Length, and Date—and finally, "Roar Savanna"—the response body.
But what happened in between sending this request and receiving the response?
The request is sent from the browser, through the interwebs, to our web server. (👋 handwave, 👋 handwave, check out last year's talk for more info.)
Then, another protocol kicks in. The "Rack protocol" is a set of rules for how to translate an HTTP-compliant request into a format that a Rack-compliant Ruby app (like Rails) can understand.
The web server (such as puma or unicorn) interprets the HTTP request and parses it into an environment hash, then calls your Rails app with this hash:
env = {
 'REQUEST_METHOD' => 'GET',
 'PATH_INFO' => '/safari',
 'HTTP_HOST' => 'skylight.io',
 # ...
}
MyRailsApp.call(env)
Rails receives the environment hash, passes it through a series of "middleware" and into your controller action. (👋 handwave, 👋 handwave, check out last year's talk for more info.)
In our controller, the lions have written something like this:
class SafariController < ApplicationController
 def hello
 # Get it? A savanna is a type of plain...
 render plain: "Roar Savanna"
 end
end
The Safari Controller has an action called hello that tells Rails to render a plaintext response that says "Roar Savanna."
Rails runs your controller code, passes it back through all of that middleware, then returns an array of three things: the status code, a hash of headers, and the response body. We'll call this the "Response Array."
env = {
 'REQUEST_METHOD' => 'GET',
 'PATH_INFO' => '/safari',
 'HTTP_HOST' => 'skylight.io',
 # ...
}
status, headers, body = MyRailsApp.call(env)
# The Response Array:
status # => 200
headers # => { 'Content-Type' => 'text/plain', 'Content-Length' => '12', ... }
body # => ['Roar Savanna']
The Rack-compliant web server receives this array, converts it into an HTTP-compliant plaintext response, and sends it on its merry way back to your browser. Roar Savanna!
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Type: text/plain
Content-Length: 12
Date: Thu, 25 Apr 2019 18:52:54 GMT
Roar Savanna
Easy peasy, right?
But how did Rails know what to put in this array? And how does the browser know what to do with this response?
Read on to find out!
The Status Code
The first item in the response array is the "status code." Simply put, the status code is a three digit number indicating if the request was successful, or not, and why.
Status codes are separated into 5 classes:
 - 1xx Informational (These are pretty rare, so we won't go into more detail.)
 - 2xx Success!!
 - 3xx Redirection
 - 4xx Client Error (for errors originating from the client that made the request)
 - 5xx Server Error (for errors originating on the server)
Standardized status codes help clients make sense of the response, even if they can't read English (or whatever human language the response body is


Prerequisites
The IEC 60870-5-104 protocol handler is located in the IEC60870 Wrapper Feature.
To use the IEC60870 Wrapper Feature, one has to install the j60870 Feature that is licensed under the GPLv3. The j60870 Feature contains the j60870 library that is originally developed by Stefan Feuerhahn (Frauenhofer ISE) and provided by openMUC under the GPLv3. It is modified by the University of Oldenburg.
The protocol itself
See IEC 60870-5-104 Transport handler for a description of the protocol.
IEC 60870-5-104 protocol handler
This is a simplified version that does not implement the handshake etc. It just converts a byte array into an ASDU. This protocol handler is useful for interpret Pcap files that contain IEC 60870-5-104 messages. For an example, see Pcap file transport handler.
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text:
Posted on 18-7-2023 by Nina-Beheerder
How should I prune rhododendron?
Most garden professionals only prune a rhododendron if it grows too large, blooms poorly, or the leaves begin to turn yellow. A yellowing of the leaves is a tell-tale sign there is a shortage of nutrients or a lack of acidity in the soil. If your plant is showing signs of nutrient deficiency, then it is definitely time to give it a prune. Wherever you prune, you will see your plant begin to thrive with lush growth again. By pruning the bush extensively, you will see it return naturally to a full coverage of beautiful green leaves. Use a sturdy lopper, or sharp pruning saw when cutting your rhododendron. This is especially important for the thicker branches, and it will make them much more accessible to prune. As well as benefitting from a sharper cut with well-maintained garden tools, it can also help prevent spreading infections amongst the other plants in your garden. It is crucial when cutting rhododendron that you cut this plant above the wreath of the leaves. If there are no more leaves on the lower stems, look for an eye on the stalk and cut the branch just above it. The bush will automatically start re-sprouting from the eye. New flowers will also immediately form upon the new shoots.
When should I fertilise rhododendron
For a lush flourish of blooms and the healthy growth of a rhododendron, it is vital that it gets extra nutrition during the growing season. To accomplish this give it regular fertiliser in the period from April to October. Long-release fertilisers are best to be used in April, yet fast-acting fertilisers must be used more often. It is best to give the plant a little bit of manure every month during March, April, May, June and July. It is essential to not give the plant any more manure from the beginning of August so that the plant can prepare to hibernate for the winter. If the leaves of your rhododendron are becoming brown and dry though, chances are you are giving it too much manure.
Want to buy a rhododendron?
When can I propagate rhododendron?
Successfully propagating rhododendron is not an easy job and the risk of failure is quite high. Summer is the best time of the year to take your cuttings. To propagate this garden plant, take a cutting off a year-old side shoot in mid-June. Remove the lower leaves, dip the bottom of the cutting in propagating powder and then place it into a small pot with potting soil. Wrap the pot with clear plastic, making sure it is completely covered. Place the plastic-wrapped container in a warm, shady place. After about four weeks the cuttings should have formed roots. At this point, they can now be re-potted.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
Definitions of brittle:
- noun: caramelized sugar cooled in thin sheets
- adjective: (of metal or glass) not annealed and consequently easily cracked or fractured
- adjective: lacking warmth and generosity of spirit
Example: "A brittle and calculating woman"
- adjective: having little elasticity; hence easily cracked or fractured or snapped
Example: "Brittle bones"
- name: A surname (very rare: popularity rank in the U.S.: #27934)
Search for brittle at other dictionaries: OneLook, Answers.com, Merriam-Webster
"Works flawlessly!": RhymeZone apps for iPhone/iPad and Android!
Help, Feedback, Customize, Android app, iPhone/iPad app
Copyright © 2013 Datamuse


text:
There are Amnesty Groups and Action Circles spread out in communities across Canada. Each group in Saskatchewan is different.
Amnesty groups engage in many types of human rights campaigns and activities.
- We raise awareness about human rights issues in our communities by talking to the local media
- Lobby local politicians and government officials,
- Organize educational events with guest speakers, videos, and webcasting
- Group members write letters, hold vigils, organize demonstrations and other public events, and
- Work on specific long-standing appeal cases of individuals whose human rights are at risk.
In Saskatchewan there are Amnesty Groups in Saskatoon, Regina and Moose Jaw.
If you would like more information about starting a community group or action circle in your community email: _EMAIL_


text:
Reading Photographs: Snow Day
How carefully do you look at photos? Often, photographs and other visual primary sources come with captions that say when they were created and what they portray. But what if a picture isn't captioned? How can you figure out its date?
Examine the photo below carefully. (To see a larger version of the photo, click "Snow Day Photo" in the box on the left.) Then answer these questions about what you see.


text:
"The secret to creativity is knowing how to hide your sources."
- Albert Einstein
Rasik walked 20 m towards north. Then he turned right and walks 30 m. Then he turns right and walks 35 m. Then he turns left and walks 15 m. Finally he turns left and walks 15 m. In which direction and how many metres is he from the starting position?
Two cars start from the opposite places of a main road, 150 km apart. First car runs for 25 km and takes a right turn and then runs 15 km. It then turns left and then runs for another 25 km and then takes the direction back to reach the main road. In the mean time, due to minor break down the other car has run only 35 km along the main road. What would be the distance between two cars at this point?
Starting from the point X, Jayant walked 15 m towards west. He turned left and walked 20 m. He then turned left and walked 15 m. After this he turned to his right and walked 12 m. How far and in which directions is now Jayant from X?


text:
Definition of coccolith in English:
A minute, rounded, calcareous platelet, numbers of which form the spherical shells of coccolithophores.
- At this rate it is possible to produce an average 100 metre thickness of coccoliths as calcareous ooze on the ocean floor in less than 200 years.
- Chalk, though it may include shell fragments, is predominantly composed of coccoliths from planktonic algae, forming fine-grained limestone.
- The living cell possesses a gelatinous sheath in which are embedded calcareous plates termed coccoliths.
Mid 19th century: from Greek kokkos 'grain or berry' + lithos'stone'.
Definition of coccolith in:
- British & World English dictionary
What do you find interesting about this word or phrase?
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text:
Copyright © 2012 David Simchi-Levi and Yao Zhao. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Globalization, product proliferation, and fast product innovation have significantly increased
the complexities of supply chains in many industries. One of the most important advancements
of supply chain management in recent years is the development of models and methodologies
for controlling inventory in general supply networks under uncertainty and their widefspread
applications to industry. These developments are based on three generic methods: the queueing-inventory
method, the lead-time demand method and the flow-unit method. In this paper,
we compare and contrast these methods by discussing their strengths and weaknesses, their
differences and connections, and showing how to apply them systematically to characterize
and evaluate various supply networks with different supply processes, inventory policies, and
demand processes. Our objective is to forge links among research strands on different methods
and various network topologies so as to develop unified methodologies.


Mark Ramnauth
What is a transferable skills analysis?
Apex Rehab Management with its team of Vocational Experts can provide a Transferable Skills Analysis to determine earning capacity after injury, disability, or to assess economic loss caused by other factors. We provide a detailed Transferable Skills Analysis (TSA) report to determine whether an individual has earning capacity after an injury or disability. What is a Transferable Skills Analysis? Transferable skills are skills acquired from past training, education, and experience… Read More »What is a transferable skills analysis?


text:
Using DropDownList elements that use virtualized data sources, is it possible to set (or reset) the values programatically?
Basically I'm looking for some guidance on how to make cascaded virtualized drop down lists where I can set the values from some external event such as the click of a button.
Things I've tried so far:
1. Simply setting the value using $('_TAG_').data('kendoDropDownList').value('some value'); <== Can't set the value since it doesn't exist in the data() elements
2. Calling the read method of each drop down first via $('_TAG_').data('kendoDropDownList').dataSource.read(), then setting the value (timing issue?) <== same issue as 1 since the read hasn't finished yet.
3. Hacking the jqXHR object which appears to hang off the dataSource.read() method (again timing issue?)
$('_TAG_').data('kendoDropDownList').dataSource.read().done = someOtherFunction <== where'someOtherFunction' actually does the.value() setting, this does actually run the method, but again... timing
4. Adding the necessary element to the data via the.add method, setting the value, then doing the read <== this "appears" to work but the value isn't actually selected after the read returns. Clicking on the dropdown has the placeholder element selected rather than the value


text:
Ball House and Observatory
This building is associated with the development of astronomy in Canada and with time keeping. It is the first, and may also be the oldest, existent observatory building in Canada.
In 1857, the exact longitude of Quebec City was determined by linking it to the longitude of Harvard based on an exchange of astronomical clock beats using the telegraph network rather than the signals of star transits. At the request of Sir William Edmond Logan of the Geological Survey of Canada the longitudes of Montreal, Toronto and Kingston were determined based on the longitude of Quebec City.
Ball House was the most accurate source of time available to navigators for a number of years. They used the time ball for time keeping from 1852 until at least the 1880s and probably the 1890s. During the navigation season from May 13th to November 29th the time ball was used every day except Sunday. It was raised to the half-way point at 12.45 p.m., was at the top by 12.55 p.m., and was dropped at 1.00 p.m. local time.
The Observatory on the Plains of Abraham
In 1874, the Citadelle's observatory and its instruments were moved to a new building located in Bonner pasture on the Plains of Abraham. The time ball remained at the Citadelle and was converted to run on electricity.
The construction of Ball House and Observatory cost $12,132.45. The main building is 15' high by 15' deep and 24' wide. The ball tower was 44' high. The Observatory was equipped with a 42-inch telescope, a sextant and two astronomical clocks provided by the provincial government of Canada.
In 1974, excavations conducted by Parks Canada revealed a tank constructed of bricks reinforced with metal rods designed to protect the Observatory from lightining.
Building was restored by Public Works Canada in 2007.
Edward David Ashe (England, 1813 – Canada, 1895). Officer of the Royal Navy, astronomer and writer. He arrives in Quebec in 1850 to supervise the construction of observatory and to manage it, bringing with him instruments provided by the Royal Observatory at Greenwich (London). His first duties were to observe star transits and to drop the time ball daily. His solar research marks him as Canada's first astrophysicist and he became one of the pioneers of astronomical photography.
The ancient Observatory and the Ball House. Photo: © ProvinceQuebec.com


»Vti vishi kakor ta odsgoraj«
 - Zmaga Kumer
In the majority of older Slovene song books, only the texts are published and a note added stating that the poem is to be sung to the tune of some other well known song. The publishers have availed themselves of the fact that in folk-songs text and melody are not inseparable but are at times inter changable. (Example I) It appears that the exchange of two melodies sometimes depends on similarities in the beginnings of their respective texts. (Ex. II), provided they are based on the same metric pattern or that their text is such that the metre can be interpreted in various ways according to the peculiarities of the Slovene language, in which the accent is mobile. (Ex. III). Under the same conditions, one melody can be used for songs having different contents and functions, whether they come from the same region or from different regions, with corresponding variations. (Ex. IV–VI) In answer to the question whether any given song has its own particular melody, three songs are quoted, aech with its most characteristic melody, which is found linked to the same text even in places that are geographically widely separated. (Ex. VII–VIII).
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How to Cite
KumerZ. (1965). »Vti vishi kakor ta odsgoraj«. Musicological Annual, 1(1), 77-90. _URL_


text:
Constrained Conditional Model
A Constrained Conditional Model (CCM) is a machine learning and inference framework that refers to augmenting the learning of conditional (probabilistic or discriminative) models with declarative constraints (written, for example, using a first-order representation) as a way to support decisions in an expressive output space while maintaining modularity and tractability of training and inference.
Models of this kind have recently attracted much attention within the NLP community. Formulating problems as constrained optimization problems over the output of learned models has several advantages. It allows one to focus on the modeling of problems by providing the opportunity to incorporate domain-specific knowledge as global constraints using a first order language. Using this declarative framework frees the developer from low level feature engineering while capturing the problem's domain-specific properties and guarantying exact inference. From a machine learning perspective it allows decoupling the stage of model generation (learning) from that of the constrained inference stage, thus helping to simplify the learning stage while improving the quality of the solutions.
Making decisions in many learning domains (such as natural language processing and computer vision problems) often involve assigning values to sets of interdependent variables where the expressive dependency structure can influence, or even dictate, what assignments are possible. These settings are applicable to Structured Learning problems such as semantic role labeling but also for cases that require making use of multiple pre-learned components, such as summarization, textual entailment and question answering. In all these cases, it is natural to formulate the decision problem as a constrained optimization problem, with an objective function that is composed of learned models, subject to domain or problem specific constraints.
Constrained Conditional Models is a learning and inference framework that augments the learning of conditional (probabilistic or discriminative) models with declarative constraints (written, for example, using a first-order representation) as a way to support decisions in an expressive output space while maintaining modularity and tractability of training and inference. In most applications of this framework in NLP, following, Integer Linear Programming (ILP) was used as the inference framework, although other algorithms can be used for that purpose.
Learning Local VS. Global Models
The objective function used by CCMs can be decomposed and learned in several ways, ranging from a complete joint training of the model along with the constraints to completely decoupling between the learning and the inference stage. In the latter case, several local models are learned independently and the dependency between these models is considered only at decision time via a global decision process. The advantages of each approach are discussed in, which studies the two training paradigms: (1) local models: L+I (learning+inference) and (2) global model: IBT (Inference based training), and shows both theoretically and experimentally that while IBT (joint training) is best in the limit, under some conditions (basically, "good" components") L+I can generalize better.
Minimally Supervised CCM
CCM can help reduce supervision by using domain knowledge (expressed as constraints) to drive learning. These setting were studied in and. These works introduce semi-supervised Constraints Driven Learning (CODL) and show that by incorporating domain knowledge the performance of the learned model improves significantly.
Learning over Latent Representations
CCMs were also applied to latent learning frameworks, where the learning problem is defined over a latent representation layer. Since the notion of a correct representation is inherently ill-defined no gold-labeled data regarding the representation decision is available to the learner. Identifying the correct (or optimal) learning representation is viewed as a structured prediction process and therefore modeled as a CCM. This problem was studied by several papers, in both supervised and unsupervised settings and in all cases showed that explicitly modeling the interdependencies between representation decisions via constraints results in an improved performance.
CCM for Natural Language Processing Applications
The advantages of the CCM declarative formulation and the availability of off-the-shelf solvers have led to a large variety of natural language processing tasks being formulated within framework, including semantic role labeling, syntactic parsing, coreference resolution, summarization, transliteration and joint information extraction.
Most of these works use an Integer Linear Programming solver to solve the decision problem. Although theoretically solving an Integer Linear Program is exponential in the size of the decision problem in practice using state-of-the-art solvers and sophisticated formulations large scale problems can be solved efficiently.
- CCM Tutorial Integer Linear Programming in NLP – Constrained Conditional Models, NAACL-2010
- CCM Software Learning Based Java
- University of Illinois Cognitive Computation Group
- Workshop on Integer Linear Programming for Natural Language Processing, NAACL-2009
- Dan Roth and Wen-tau Yih, "A Linear Programming Formulation for Global Inference in Natural Language Tasks." CoNLL, (2004).
- Vasin Punyakanok and Dan Roth and Wen-Tau Yih and Dav Zimak, "Learning and Inference over Constrained Output." IJCAI, (2005).
- Ming-Wei Chang and Lev Ratinov and Dan Roth, "Guiding Semi-Supervision with Constraint-Driven Learning." ACL, (2007).
- Ming-Wei Chang and Lev Ratinov and Dan Roth, "Constraints as Prior Knowledge." ICML Workshop on Prior Knowledge for Text and Language Processing}, (2008).
- Ming-Wei Chang and Dan Goldwasser and Dan Roth and Vivek Srikumar, " Discriminative Learning over Constrained Latent Representations." NAACL, (2010).
- Ming-Wei Chang Dan Goldwasser Dan Roth and Yuancheng Tu, "Unsupervised Constraint Driven Learning For Transliteration Discovery." NAACL, (2009).
- Vasin Punyakanok, Dan Roth, Wen-tau Yih and Dav Zimak, "Semantic Role Labeling via Integer Linear Programming Inference." COLING, (2004).
- Sagae, K. and Miyao, Y. and Tsujii, J., "HPSG Parsing with Shallow Dependency Constraints." ACL, (2007).
- P. Denis and J. Baldridge, "Joint Determination of Anaphoricity and Coreference Resolution using Integer Programming." NAACL-HLT, (2007).
- J. Clarke and M. Lapata, "Global Inference for Sentence Compression: An Integer Linear Programming Approach." Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research (JAIR), (2008).
- D. Goldwasser and D. Roth, "Transliteration as Constrained Optimization." EMNLP, (2008).
- D. Roth and W. Yih}, [_URL_ "Global Inference for Entity and Relation Identification via a Linear Programming Formulation."] Introduction to Statistical Relational Learning,MIT Press, (2007).
- André F. T. Martins, Noah A. Smith, and Eric P. Xing, "Concise Integer Linear Programming Formulations for Dependency Parsing." ACL, (2009).


get(userPhoneNumber) + 1
 );
 }
 Map<String, String> percentageOfClosedCases = new Map<String, String>();
 //When it's done, we calculate the percentage for every user
 for (String phoneNumber : numberOfTreatedCases.keySet()) {
 Integer closedCases = numberOfTreatedCases.get(phoneNumber);
 Integer totalCases = totalCasesByUser.get(phoneNumber);
 //We don't want to get a 33,333333...%, so we convert it to an integer
 Integer percentage = (Decimal.valueOf(closedCases) /
 decimal.valueOf(totalCases) *
 100)
 .intValue();
 //People with a percentage of more than 80% are considered "good workers". So we don't need to send them a message
 if (percentage <= 80) {
 percentageOfClosedCases.put(phoneNumber, String.valueOf(percentage));
 }
 }
 //We return the final map, and we will use it inside of the callTwilio method
 return percentageOfClosedCases;
 }
 //We use it to call the Twilio API with the Schedulable interface
 public static void execute(SchedulableContext SC) {
 //We define the messageToSend and productivityMap variables. I know, productivityMap is a collection instead
 String messageToSend;
 //We call the getProductivityMap to get all the numbers of workers we want to call
 Map<String, String> productivityMap = getProductivityMap(getOpenedCases());
 for (String eachNumber : productivityMap.keySet()) {
 //We define the message you will see on your mobile phone if you aren't productive enough
 messageToSend = string.format(
 'Wake up!!! Today you have closed only {0} % of your cases, which is very low...',
 new List<string>{ productivityMap.get(eachNumber) }
 );
 //We call the Twilio API
 twilioHandler.callAPI(messageToSend, eachNumber);
 }
 }
}
Note: As I said, the Twilio integration pattern I used is the same as the one I used to integrate Twilio API with Salesforce in previous development. The only difference is that I've quickly rewritten my methods to be more easily reusable(basically by transforming some variables into method parameters. Let's make room for...THE NEW TWILIOHANDLER CLASS!!! Yes, I know, this class is so much better than the previous one.
global with sharing class twilioHandler implements Schedulable {
 //Because we call an external service, we need to use a future(with the callout=true annotation), or a queueable
 @future(callout=true)
 global static void callAPI(String message, String ToUser) {
 //We define an http request
 Http http = new Http();
 HttpRequest request = new HttpRequest();
 //We call the custom metadata type we created sooner(Twilio_Credentials__mdt), to get the actual token, the AccountSID
 //and the sender's phone number.
 //These values were given by the Twilio API, we use them to connect to the API
 String key = String.valueOf(
 Twilio_Credentials__mdt.getInstance('Send_SMS').get('Token__c')
 );
 String AccountSID = String.valueOf(
 Twilio_Credentials__mdt.getInstance('Send_SMS').get('Account_SID__c')
 );
 String phone = String.valueOf(
 Twilio_Credentials__mdt.getInstance('Send_SMS').get('Phone_Number__c')
 );
 //We define the header
 Blob credentials = Blob.valueOf(accountSID + ':' + key);
 String VERSION = '3.2.0';
 request.setHeader('X-Twilio-Client', 'salesforce-' + VERSION);
 request.setHeader('User-Agent', 'twilio-salesforce/' + VERSION);
 request.setHeader('Accept', 'application/json');
 request.setHeader('Accept-Charset', 'utf-8');
 request.setHeader(
 'Authorization',
 'Basic ' + EncodingUtil.base64Encode(credentials)
 );
 request.setHeader('Content-Type', 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded');
 //We define the endpoint
 request.setEndpoint(
 '_URL_ +
 AccountSID +
 '/Messages.json'
 );
 //We define the body
 request.setBody(
 'To=' +
 EncodingUtil.urlEncode(ToUser, 'UTF-8') +
 '&From=' +
 EncodingUtil.urlEncode(phone, 'UTF-8') +
 '&Body=' +
 message
 );
 //We need to post these data to the Twilio API, which will send the SMS to the user's phone, so the POST method is the one to use here
 request.setMethod('POST');
 //We send the request
 HttpResponse response = http.send(request);
 // If the request is successful, we parse the JSON response
 if (response.getStatusCode() == 201) {
 system.debug('success');
 } else {
 system.debug('failure');
 }
 }
 //We use the execute method of the Schedulable interface to call the Twilio API
 global void execute(SchedulableContext SC) {
 //Here the current user(ie the user doing an operation on the event) will receive the message.
 //But you can change it as you like.
 //We use the UserInfo.getUserId() to get its id, and we get its phone number with a SOQL query
 User currentUser = [
 SELECT Phone, Id
 FROM User
 WHERE Id = :UserInfo.getUserId()
 ];
 String ToUser = String.valueOf(currentUser.Phone);
 callAPI(
 'An event is about to start. Please log in to your Salesforce org.',
 ToUser
 );
 }
}
Ok, now that everything is in place, we just have to send an SMS at 4 PM every day, from Monday to Friday
System.schedule('Send SMS to service users', '0 27 15 ? * MON-FRI', new CaseManager());
Now, let's see the result:
Now the result
Sources
Sélim HAMIDOU
]]>
I tried to receive Salesforce real-time notifications about the UEFA Champions League Final, and I failed…2023-06-11T06:00:00+00:002023-06-11T06:00:00+00:00/posts/I_tried_to_receive_on_Salesforce_real_time_UCL_final_notifications_and_I_failedMourinho I personally can't see any link between this image and the article, but I find it fun. Oh, maybe the link is that Mourinho cannot hear the real-time notifications, as for me on this development?
Hi! What's up? This post is really special because I've failed to implement it. You know that the last Saturday was the day of the UCL Final. Manchester City had to win it for the first time in their history, and Inter Milan had the chance to win their first Champions since 2010. So, I was imagining my evening like this: I would be watching the match(I mean, really watching), and from time to time, I would go to Salesforce, to verify if I had received some notifications about a new goal. But it didn't go well...So, I consider this development as a failure, and I would be glad if it turned out differently, but that's how life is, I think. So, I am not very proud of this development, because I could have done so much better, but I still would like to show it to you.
It didn't go well because I didn't test it well. Football APIs are pretty expensive. The free version of the API I used was only allowing 100 callouts a day. So, I only tested it once, on Friday night, and I considered that the response's shape would be significantly the same, which wasn't true. I was thinking I was ready, but I was not.
My errors led me to encounter some errors, like "NullPointerExceptions" or "List index out of bounds" errors, or even by giving the wrong endpoint while trying to call the API for a specific match. Errors are very common where you are a developer, but


text:
Asia in Iberian Converso Literature
What does Asia represent to Iberian Christian writers of Jewish descent in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries? How do Iberian conversos represent their identities through their writings on Asia? How do the depictions of different Asian people come into play in these authors¿ notion of personal identities and nationhood? This course examines how early modern Iberian authors of Jewish heritage imagined and represented Asia in their writings, how their representation of the non-European world dialogues with contemporary events in the Iberian Peninsular, and the significance of their notions of Asians. Upon the successful completion of the course, students will full fill Gen Ed requirements (WB and LA) and gain a better understanding of Iberian converso culture in a transoceanic and multicultural frame, in addition to acquiring a good knowledge of early modern European notions of Asia.
Students may also register for this course under ASIA 71.001.


will not transfer to bypass mode under any condition. converter_mode = string Enable or disable Converter Mode [enabled/disabled]. When input frequency is within 40 Hz to 70 Hz, the UPS can be set at a constant output frequency, 50 Hz or 60 Hz. The UPS will still charge battery under this mode. eco_mode = string Enable or disable ECO Mode [enabled/disabled]. When input voltage/frequency are within acceptable range, the UPS will bypass voltage to output for energy saving. PFC and INVERTER are still active at this mode. Settable also 'on the fly' with bypass.start and bypass.stop instant commands. advanced_eco_mode = string Enable or disable Advanced ECO Mode [enabled/disabled]. When input voltage/frequency are within acceptable range, the UPS will bypass voltage to output for energy saving. PFC and INVERTER are off at this mode. battery_open_status_check = string Enable or disable Battery Open Status Check [enabled/disabled]. If enabled, when the UPS is turned on, it will check if the battery is connected or not. site_fault_detection = string Enable or disable site fault detection [enabled/disabled]. If enabled, the UPS will beep when the input neutral and hot wires are reversed. costant_phase_angle = string Enable or disable Constant Phase Angle Function (output and input phase angles are not equal) [enabled/disabled]. limited_runtime_on_battery = string Enable or disable limited runtime on battery mode [enabled/disabled]. BYPASS MODE VOLTAGE/FREQUENCY LIMITS Variables to fine-tune voltage and frequency limits for Bypass mode. These limits are reset to safe default values by reset_to_default. If AC voltage and frequency are within acceptable range, Bypass mode will be used (If the UPS is capable of and it's enabled). Since these values are device-specific, if your UPS support them, you will get their settable limits printed in the logs on startup. max_bypass_volt = value Maximum voltage for Bypass Mode (V). min_bypass_volt = value Minimum voltage for Bypass Mode (V). max_bypass_freq = value Maximum frequency for Bypass Mode (Hz). min_bypass_freq = value Minimum frequency for Bypass Mode (Hz). OPTIONS SPECIFIC FOR P31 UPSES The following options are available only on P31 UPSes. work_range_type = string Device grid working range for P31 UPSes [Appliance/UPS]. TESTING This protocol comes with a couple of functions that are not enabled by default because of the lack of knowledge of some part of the communication protocol used by these UPSes by your friendly neighborhood developer. Since these functions are supposed to be queries to the UPS for some kind of informations, they should not make your UPS go boom. So if you are brave enough to risk your UPS and attached devices' life to help the developers, this will be very appreciated.. Do it at your own risk. testing If invoked the driver will exec also commands that still need testing. SERIAL INTERFACE ONLY cablepower = string By default the driver will set DTR and clear RTS (normal). If you find that your UPS isn't detected or the communication with the UPS is unreliable, you may try if clear DTR and set RTS (reverse), set DTR and RTS (both) or clear DTR and RTS (none) improves this situation. USB INTERFACE ONLY port = string You must set value to auto. vendorid = regex, productid = regex, vendor = regex, product = regex, serial = regex Select a specific UPS, in case there is more than one connected via USB. Each option specifies an extended regular expression (see regex(7)) that must match the UPS's entire vendor/product/serial string (minus any surrounding whitespace), or the whole 4-digit hexadecimal code for vendorid and productid. Try -DD for finding out the strings to match. Examples: · -x vendor="Foo.Corporation.*" · -x vendorid=051d* (APC) · -x product=".*(Smart|Back)-?UPS.*" bus = regex Select a UPS on a specific USB bus or group of busses. The argument is a regular expression that must match the bus name where the UPS is connected (e.g. bus="002", bus="00[2-3]"). subdriver = string Select a serial-over-USB subdriver to use. You have a choice between phoenix, ippon, cypress, and krauler. When using this option, it is mandatory to also specify the vendorid and productid. langid_fix = value Apply the language ID workaround to the krauler subdriver. This is mandatory for some devices to work (LDLC, Dynamix and others). You must provide value (0x409 or 0x4095), according to your device entry in NUT hardware compatibility list (HCL).
UPS COMMANDS This driver supports some instant commands (see upscmd(8)): beeper.toggle Toggle the UPS beeper. (Not available on some hardware) load.on Turn on the load immediately. load.off Turn off the load immediately (see KNOWN PROBLEMS). shutdown.return Turn off the load and return when power is back. Uses the timers defined by ups.delay.start and ups.delay.shutdown. shutdown.stayoff Turn off the load and remain off (see KNOWN PROBLEMS). Uses the timer defined by ups.delay.shutdown. shutdown.stop Stop a shutdown in progress. test.battery.start.deep Perform a long battery test. (Not available on some hardware) test.battery.start.quick Perform a quick (10 second) battery test. test.battery.stop Stop a running battery test. (Not available on some hardware) MECER, MEGATEC, MEGATEC/OLD, MUSTEK, Q1, ZINTO PROTOCOLS test.battery.start value Perform a battery test for the duration of value seconds (truncated to 60 seconds) [60..5940]. VOLTRONIC POWER P98 UNITS (WITH MECER PROTOCOL) test.battery.start value Perform a battery test for the duration of value seconds (truncated to 60 seconds) [12..5940]. This value is truncated to units of 6 seconds (less than 60 seconds) or 60 seconds (more than 60 seconds). VOLTRONIC PROTOCOL The following instant commands are available for the voltronic protocol. Not all of them are available on all the UPSes supported by this protocol. beeper.enable Enable the UPS beeper. beeper.disable Disable the UPS beeper. test.battery.start value Perform a battery test for the duration of value seconds [12..5940]. This value is truncated to units of 6 seconds (less than 60 seconds) or 60 seconds (more than 60 seconds). outlet.1.load.off Turn off outlet 1 load immediately. outlet.1.load.on Turn on outlet 1 load immediately. outlet.2.load.off Turn off outlet 2 load immediately. outlet.2.load.on Turn on outlet 2 load immediately. outlet.3.load.off Turn off outlet 3 load immediately. outlet.3.load.on Turn on outlet 3 load immediately. outlet.4.load.off Turn off outlet 4 load immediately. outlet.4.load.on Turn on outlet 4 load immediately. bypass.start Put the UPS in ECO Mode. bypass.stop Take the UPS out of ECO Mode.
BATTERY CHARGE Due to popular demand, this driver will report a guesstimated battery.charge and optionally battery.runtime, provided you specified a couple of the EXTRA ARGUMENTS listed above. If you specify both battery.voltage.high and battery.voltage.low in ups.conf(5), but don't enter runtimecal, it will guesstimate the state of charge by looking at the battery voltage alone. This is not reliable under load, as this only gives reasonably accurate readings if you disconnect the load, let the battery rest for a couple of minutes and then measure the open cell voltage. This just isn't practical if the power went out and the UPS is providing power for your systems. battery.voltage - battery.voltage.low battery.charge = ------------------------------------------ x 100 % battery.voltage.high - battery.voltage.low There is a way to get better readings without disconnecting the load but this requires one to keep track on how much (and how fast) current is going in and out of the battery. If you specified the runtimecal, the driver will attempt to do this. Note however, that this heavily relies on the values you enter and that the UPS must be able to report the load as well. There are quite a couple of devices that report 0 % (or any other fixed value) at all times, in which case this obviously doesn't work. The driver also has no way of determining the degradation of the battery capacity over time, so you'll have to deal with this yourself (by adjusting the values in runtimecal


text: AbstractCellulose fibres from sugarcane bagasse were bleached and modified by zirconium oxychloride in order to improve the mechanical properties of composites with high density polyethylene (HDPE). The mechanical properties of the composites prepared from chemically modified cellulose fibres were found to increase compared to those of bleached fibres. Tensile strengths of the composites showed a decreasing trend with increasing filler content. However, the values for the chemically modified cellulose fibres/HDPE composites at all mixing ratios were found to be higher than that of neat HDPE. Results of water immersion tests showed that the water absorption affected the mechanical properties. The fracture surfaces of the composites were recorded using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The SEM micrographs revealed that interfacial bonding between the modified filler and the matrix was significantly improved by the fibre modification.


text:
Working with the World Bank, RAND researchers used robust decision methods to provide the first continent-wide evaluation of the potential effects of climate change on such investments. They also examined the potential impacts of climate change on five specific hydropower and irrigation projects.
The RAND Frederick S. Pardee Center for Longer Range Global Policy and the Future Human Condition was established in 2001 through a generous $5 million pledge from RAND alumnus Frederick S. Pardee. The RAND Pardee Center aims to enhance the overall future quality and condition of human life by aggressively disseminating and applying new methods for long-term policy analysis in a wide variety of policy areas where they are needed most.
The Pardee Center organizes its activities around two main themes: (1) advancing the state-of the-art in conducting long-term policy analysis so organizations can implement better long-range policy; and (2) developing and disseminating approaches that will help make proper stewardship for the future be more commonly practiced.


Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English homepage
Topic: GEOLOGY
Gondwanaland

Gondwanaland
the very large area of land that existed about 200 million years ago, before it broke apart to form Antarctica, Australia, Africa, South America, and India
Explore GEOLOGY Topic
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Show all entries from Topic: GEOLOGY
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Hasil cari dari kata atau frase: zest (0.01122 detik)
Found 3 items, similar to zest.
English → Indonesian (quick) Definition: zest animo, semangat
English → English (WordNet) Definition: zest zest n 1: vigorous and enthusiastic enjoyment [syn: gusto, relish, zestfulness] 2: a tart spiciness [syn: nip, piquance, piquancy, tang, tanginess] zest v : add herbs or spices to [syn: spice, spice up]
English → English (gcide) Definition: Zest Zest \Zest\, n. [F. zeste, probably fr. L. schistos split, cleft, divided, Gr.?, from? to split, cleave. Cf. Schism.] [1913 Webster] 1. A piece of orange or lemon peel, or the aromatic oil which may be squeezed from such peel, used to give flavor to liquor, etc. [1913 Webster] 2. Hence, something that gives or enhances a pleasant taste, or the taste itself; an appetizer; also, keen enjoyment; relish; gusto. [1913 Webster] Almighty Vanity! to thee they owe Their zest of pleasure, and their balm of woe. --Young. [1913 Webster] Liberality of disposition and conduct gives the highest zest and relish to social intercourse. --Gogan. [1913 Webster] 3. The woody, thick skin inclosing the kernel of a walnut. [Obs.] [1913 Webster] Zest \Zest\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Zested; p. pr. & vb. n. Zesting.] [1913 Webster] 1. To cut into thin slips, as the peel of an orange, lemon, etc.; to squeeze, as peel, over the surface of anything. [1913 Webster] 2. To give a relish or flavor to; to heighten the taste or relish of; as, to zest wine. --Gibber. [1913 Webster]
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Grosskreisentfernung / Great Circle Distance Mail Art
46 artists from 12 countries collaborated on a Mail Art project that travelled over 66,000 km and was exhibited for the first time in Berlin from 8-20 July 2019 at project space tête.
Grosskreisentfernung / Great Circle Distance Mail Art project relied on the global mail system to create a visual dialogue between 46 artists from 12 countries. Great Circle Distance refers to the shortest distance between two points on the Earth's surface. The project's total Great Circle Distance was more than 66,000 km.
Each artist created a new artwork in response to one posted to them by another artist. This sequential process began and ended in Berlin. This global artistic dialogue continued the tradition of Mail Art that dates back to at least the 1940s with Ray Johnson (New York), and the FLUXUS movement of the 1960s and 70s. Despite the ubiquity and instantaneousness of e-mail, there is still an important place for Mail as a means of human communication, and for artworks to be made, exchanged and shared outside the traditional world of white cube galleries and the commercial art market.


text: Desalination offers an opportunity for source diversification of water for many communities, along with possible defenses against security threats potentially affecting clean water supplies. The economic costs associated with constructing and operating desalination plants in South Texas are investigated. Primary data utilized in the analysis include engineering considerations and actual costs associated with existing and plants under construction in South Texas. Specific costs considered include raw water acquisition and transport, pretreatment, and purification. Sensitivity parameters include source and quality of raw water, energy costs, size of plant, and other heuristic aspects of plant design and development. Annuity equivalent costs are reported on a per ac-ft of finished water basis, f.o.b. desalination plant.


Is Bengal Cat the Same as a Savannah?
In recent times:
Bengal and Savannah cats have gained quite a lot of popularity for they have a lot in common and tend to share the same attributes.
So, is the Bengal cat the same as a Savannah cat? No, it's not. Both being a product of crossbreeding a wild and a domestic cat do have some similarities, but they are certainly not the same. To an untrained eye, these two species might look the same, but for someone who knows better, this is not the case.
Both of these breeds while having a lot in common tend to have many differences too.
Common similarities between the Bengal and Savannah cat
To understand the differences that they have, it is better that we begin by taking a look at some of the similarities that account for this common misconception we have around.
1. Love for water
Both these breeds have a deep fascination with water which is very obvious.
Not only would they cause you less trouble during a bath but they in fact, like playing in the water too, unlike most of the other breeds that we know of.
2. Scratching
As is a common practice amongst all the breeds, these two like to scratch things a lot too.
From sofas to carpets, you can expect to find them scratching just about anything that they can get their hands on.
Hence, the reason, why investing in a scratch post is most rewarding with them.
3. Playful nature
They both are attention seekers and are very affectionate to the ones they love.
Their playful and affectionate nature is the key reason why they make such great domestic cats.
4. Coat
Not only their habits:
But even their appearances seem to have a lot in common too.
Bengal and Savannah cats have coats that are:
 - Tabby
 - Spotted
 - Low-maintenance
5. Genes
This may be the prime reason that accounts for all the confusion that surrounds these two breeds.
Since they both are made by crossbreeding a wild and a domestic cat, one often believes them to be the same. But this isn't so.
Keeping in view the few commonalities mentioned above, would you still go as far ahead as to call them both to be the same?
We hope not.
As similar as they might seem to a layman, they both are poles apart.
What makes the Bengal and Savannah cats different?
From the ancestral lineage to the health issues they both face, there are many differences that you would come across if you bring these two breeds home.
To help your way to it, we will now be taking a quick look at some of the many variances that are found in Bengal and Savannah cats.
1. Breeding
The factor that makes them look similar is the one that makes them have distinguishing personalities and characteristics.
It is true that they both are made by breeding a domestic cat with a wile feline but the types of cats that are used are not the same.
For the Bengal, a domestic cat is made to breed with an ALC, also known as Asian Leopard Cat. A Savannah, on the other hand, is a product of a domestic Persian and an African Serval Cat (ASC).
2. Sizes
It is for the difference in their ancestral lineage, that the size of these two cats varies too.
The Savanah being a product of larger cats can reach the size of a golden retriever occasionally which is around 56inches when measured from the nose to their tail.
Since the ASC has African heritage, they are not only bigger in terms of size but can also weight a lot too. This means that you can find Savannah cats that weigh as much as 30 pounds at times.
When compared to the Savannahs, the Bengals are smaller in size.
The ALCs are smaller cats and this is why the Bengals to end up being medium sized.
A female may range between 7 and 10 pounds while for a male the number can go up to 17 pounds commonly.
The Bengal cats keep growing till they reach an age of two. During this time, they reach the size of a common domestic cat.
3. Temperaments
As discussed above, since the origins of these two breeds vary, the temperaments they both exhibits tend to differ too.
Savannah being from the wilder and more ferocious breed manifests the same behavior and have often been considered to a dog. This breed, for its similarity to canines, is good at leash training and tends to get along well with the other pets that you might have around.
Bengal cats, on the other hand, are active and equally loyal; too but require smaller mental stimuli to remain happy.
Both these breeds are active, highly talkative and very friendly in nature.
The Bengal cat can be seen jumping and playing around for hours at a stretch and would just as suddenly drop everything it was doing to come and receive the overdue affection from is the owner.
The Bengal cat craves attention more than anything and would be all too happy to snuggle and lie around in the lap.
Savannahs are a little different in this regard. While they too are known for being very loving and affectionate, they are not such great snugglers. They are good at solving puzzles and can jump as high as 12ft if given the space to explore the skills that have been passed down to them from their ancestors.
4. Appearance
These two cats might look similar to an outsider but a little closer look and you will see that even their appearances are not the same.
While they do share certain similarities, they both look very different from each other. From the size to the kind of coat they have, each one has its own unique personality.
So moving on, what are some of the many ways that make these two breeds differ from each other?
Let us find that out.
Coat: While the coat is short-haired and low-maintenance for both, the difference lies in the details. Bengal cats have marbled or spotted pattern whereas the Savannahs have a pattern that is similar to the ASC with black spots accentuated by a silver, golden or smoke background.
Body shape: Even the body shape and physique they have is very much different from each other. Bengals are medium-sized and muscular while Savannahs are tall and lean.
Ears: Savannah cats have pointed upright ears whereas the ears of Bengal cars are small and round.
Eyes: Bengal cats are known for their "Mascara" eyes. Savannah has boomerang shaped eyes that are gold, green or brown in color with a tear stain that goes from the corner down to the nose.
5. Health
These both breeds like others that we have in the feline family suffer from health issues of their own.
While most of the problems they face are relatively similar, there are some concerns that lie more with one breed than the other.
For example, Bengal cats are more prone to the retinal degeneration and PK deficiency disease than the Savannahs.
With all this said, it would be safe to say that Bengal cats are certainly not the same as Savannahs cats.
In fact, from our discussion above, these two are more different with respect to their physical attributes than the genetic similarity they share.
So, what kind of pets do they make, you may ask?
Well, it all depends on what you are looking for.
Both were exceptionally good domestic cats are great to have around and would prove to be a good addition to your family.
Depending on what size of cat you are looking for, what attributes and temperaments you would want in it and how much space you have at home, the choice may vary.
Related Questions
How much space do these two breeds need? Owing to their size and temperaments, Savannah cats need more space than Bengal.
This is also essential for the reason that they are more prone to getting into trouble than the other breed in the discussion here.
Are the males of Bengal and Savannahs sterile too? Partly, Yes.
The males that are a part of the earlier generations of these two breeds are sterile as is seen with all the hybrid animals.
This, however, is not much of a concern in regard to their health and characteristics and shouldn't bother you much as well, until and unless you plan on breeding the felines you have at home.
How can you ensure better health of the litter being produced? By working on a healthier and better gene pool.
When using kittens for breeding, take a look at the ancestral lineage and go for the ones which do not have any direct relatives with the health concerns you are trying to avoid here.
However, this is just a safety measure you can take and in no way guarantees that the cat you have wouldn't have any health problems.
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text:
Transient digitizers are electronic instruments for recording a fast transient signal such as a fluorescence decay. To to technological advances, the distinction between transient digitizers and digital oscilloscopes is blurring, and either can be used for recording transient signals.
Transient averagers are transient recorders that store the data in memory. The data can then be summed and averaged to improve the signal-to-noise ratio.
Science Hypermedia Home Page
Copyright © 1996 by Brian M. Tissue


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Individual differences |
Methods | Statistics | Clinical | Educational | Industrial | Professional items | World psychology |
Yates' correction for continuity, or Yates' chi-square test, adjusts the formula for Pearson's chi-square test by subtracting 0.5 from the difference between each observed value and its expected value in a 2 × 2 contingency table. This reduces the chi-square value obtained and thus increases its p-value. It prevents overestimation of statistical significance for small data. This formula is chiefly used when at least one cell of the table has an expected frequency less than 5.
Other sources say that this correction should be used when the expected frequency is less than 10.
Yet other sources say that Yates corrections should always be applied.
Yates, F (1934). Contingency table involving small numbers and the χ2 test. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society (Supplement) 1: 217-235.
|This page uses Creative Commons Licensed content from Wikipedia (view authors).|


text:
The Defender® Compactor Screw by Toro Equipment, is a compact piece of equipment that that performs several functions in the process of removing the solids coming from urban and industrial treatment plants, as well reducing their moisture content and their volume.
The Transportation – Dehydration – Compaction of solid waste (minimising their volume) Defender® compactors are pieces of equipment made of stainless steel AISI 304 or AISI 316 and are applied particularly to the treatment of solids coming from screening and grinding processes.
- Adaptable: it can be adapted to the installation requirements.
- High performance.
- Easy to install: it does not require any civil works or large spaces.
- Durability: it is designed to prevent the metal parts coming into contact with material or the waste water to be treated.
- No blockage or obstructions.
- High transporting capacity.
- It guarantees hygiene and an odourless process.
- Easily accessible.
Applications or solutions:
- Pre-treatment : Screening and grinding phase.
- The flow figure is for guidance only. Volume and turning speed of this screw will be extrapolated for each application in function of the type of waste to transport, inclination and degree of compaction.
- The length of the unit can be adapted to meet requirements.
- The dimensions and technical specifications can vary slightly due to the ongoing development of the products by the engineering department of Toro Equipment S.L.
- Treated wood drawer transportation.
- Protective plastic wrapping of equipment for shipping.
- Palletizing of small teams.


text:
Natural disasters and suicidal behaviours
Read the full review here [Note: not free access – pay per view]
There is a need for further research with solid designs to elucidate the impact of natural disasters on suicidal behaviors. Mental health and suicidal behaviors should be monitored for several years after a disaster.
This systematic review assessed the potential impact of natural disasters on suicidal behaviors by analyzing 42 papers. 19 of these papers analysed suicide mortality and 23 non-fatal suicidal behaviors. The effects of earthquakes have most frequently been studied in relation to suicidal behaviors (n=20), followed by hurricanes (n=11), tsunamis (n=4), floods (n=3), heat waves and drought (n=3), and multiple disasters (n=1). There is a drop in non-fatal suicidal behaviors in the initial post-disaster period. Some studies report a delayed increase in suicidal behaviors. Previous and current mental health problems are factors that could increase the risk of suicidal behaviors after natural disasters. Economic conditions should also be considered as a possible contributing factor.


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Geometry proof
 1. Dec 12, 2004 #1
 I finished this proof that took about a whole page and I was just wondering if there were an easier way of doing things that would take less work. here's the problem.
 PQ and PR are two chords of a circle with centre O. OT is perpendicular to PQ and OS is perpendicular to PR. IF OT = OS prove that T,S,R and Q are concyclic.
 I am going to go through my steps without proof cause it would take forever. I just want to get an idea if I am doing it the easiest way.
 It would probably help if you drew this out.
 First I proved QT = RS
 then QTO is congruent to RSO
 Then you can prove TS is parallel to QR
 from there i can conclude that Triangles AKP,BKP are similar
 If you use that KP is common, you get that AKP and BKP triangles are congruent
 So KA=KB
 and you can use it to prove KR=KS=KT=KQ
 I hope that helps
 You can simplify further the proof if you use symmetry
 Everything over OP is symmetric to everything on the other side of OP
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text:
At Black Girl MATHgic, our mission is to help girls build the math confidence they need to succeed in class today and society tomorrow!
Created by a woman with a Math degree and over 15 years of math tutoring experience, the Black Girl MATHgic™ (BGM) Box is the first and only monthly subscription box curated to increase math confidence and decrease math anxiety in girls on a 3rd-8th grade math skill level. Each box contains a relevant and engaging math activity booklet, items to support the activities, an affirmation to inspire confidence, a profile of a black woman mathematician and a Caring Adult Guide.
While the box is curated for black girls because they endure unique struggles as a doubly marginalized group and sit at the intersection of wide racial and gender gaps in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) education, girls of all racial and ethnic backgrounds benefit from the math confidence the Black Girl MATHgic Box offers. They also learn more about black history, which is American history. Win Win!
THE EQUATION IS SIMPLE
Math Confidence + Representation =
A Girl With Options Who Has The Confidence and Skill To Design The Life She Wants!
Join us in sprinkling some Black Girl MATHgic and helping ALL girls build the math confidence they need to succeed in class today and society tomorrow!
Thank you to our Founding Members
We couldn't have completed this equation without you!
Lisa Tavares Bodiford


text:
We are all familiar with vending machines dispensing sugary drinks and confections at various locations around our fine city, but did you know that some of the earliest vending machines were built into the bases of gas lamps?
At the Great Exhibition of 1897, a demonstration as made of a gas lamp that also included an automatic machine which could dispense a gallon of hot water, or a halfpennies worth of Beef tea essence, Cocoa, Milk, Sugar, Tea or Coffee.
These "Pluto Lamps" were developed by a company founded in 1896 by Mr. H M Robinson variously known as either the "Hot Water Supply Syndicate" or the "Refreshment Lamp Syndicate" and they installed a number of these vending machines around the city before seemingly vanishing with barely a memory of their existence.
A few newspaper records exist, such as a report in the Pall Mall Gazette of the 8th July 1898 commenting on the opening of the first Pluto Lamp, within Leicester Square.
That lamp is described as being filled with Welshbach mantles on a Denayrouze burner and able to draw of quarts of water in quick succession. From other slots could be obtained hot coffee, coca and fluid beef via enamel vessels secured to the gas lamp by a chain.
What was also described as "another great boon" was the availability of cigarettes at four to the penny and even postcards were offered.
The Pluto Lamps must have been modestly successful as the following year, the Morning Post of 8th Feb 1899 noting that a Pluto Lamp was to be installed on a plot of land in Rosebery Avenue which had been recently sold to the Clerkenwell Vestry.
In addition to dispensing hot drinks, and obviously providing a valuable service in providing illumination to the dark streets – the Clerkenwell model also included one of Steljes ABC Telegraph Recorders which was connected to Scotland Yard for the police to use.
Remarkably though, there is a very early photograph of it on the day it was installed.
However, it was apparently not a success and was removed by October in the same year. It is possible that part of the reason was that locals found they could supplement half-penny coins with small round pieces of tin. Opened in February, by April over 1,000 pieces of tin had been found inside the vending machine, according a report into the arrest of one such thief in the Daily Mail of April 6th 1899.
The "urchin" was bound over for six months. Substituting coins for base metals has been a problem for street vending machines ever since.
There gas lamps evidently combined the convenience of a supply of hot drinks with the municipal task of providing lighting, and such an idea has a modern counterpart in the mobile phone industry. It is not uncommon now for solar power phone towers in some rural areas of Africa to donate their surplus electricity to the local villages to provide lighting – and power to recharge phone batteries.
A Victorian notion of municipal service offering additional benefits to society still in action today.


text:
Static-Pressure Probes: Measuring Combustion Draft
January 02, 2013
Looking for a draft in a flue by measuring just the pressure in the flue—with reference to the combustion appliance zone, or CAZ—is a bit like discussing the speed of a moving vehicle without referencing the distance travelled or the time taken to get there. It's interesting, but it doesn't tell the whole story. The velocity of the airflow in a flue can be calculated by knowing the velocity pressure and the density of the air. The velocity pressure is the difference between the total pressure and the static pressure (see "Pitot Tube"). The total pressure is the impact pressure of the flow. The static pressure is exerted uniformly throughout the gas or fluid. The static pressure pushes out against the walls of the flue or duct. Despite the fact that the static pressure is exerted uniformly, to get an accurate draft reading, the probe used must be oriented to eliminate the impact of the total pressure on the static pressure.
To read complete online articles, you need to sign up for an Online Subscription.
Once an order has been placed there is an automatic $10 processing fee that will be deducted with any cancellation.
The Home Energy Online articles are for personal use only and may not be printed for distribution. For permission to reprint, please send an e-mail to _EMAIL_.


php implementation code for reading large files
 - 2020-05-27 04:38:17
 - OfStack
In php, the fastest way to read a file is to use some functions such as file, file_get_contents, and so on. A few lines of code can do what we need very nicely. However, when the operating file is a relatively large file, these functions may be inadequate, the following will start with a requirement to explain the common operation method for reading large files.
There is a log file of 800M, which has more than 5 million lines, and php returns the last few lines.
Implementation method
1. Directly use file function to operate
Note: as file function is all content of one sex will read into memory, and php written 1 in order to prevent some poor program takes up too much memory and lead to system memory is insufficient, the server downtime, so by default only maximum 16 M USES memory, this is done through php. ini memory_limit = 16 M to set, in this value if set to 1, the memory usage is not restricted.
The following is a snippet of code using file to fetch the last line of the file.
The entire code takes _PHONE_ (s) to complete.
$fp = fopen($file, "r");
$num = 10;
$chunk = 4096;
$fs = sprintf("%u", filesize($file));
$max = (intval($fs) == PHP_INT_MAX)? PHP_INT_MAX : filesize($file);
for ($len = 0; $len < $max; $len += $chunk) {
$seekSize = ($max - $len > $chunk)? $chunk : $max - $len;
fseek($fp, ($len + $seekSize) * -1, SEEK_END);
$readData = fread($fp, $seekSize). $readData;
if (substr_count($readData, "\n") >= $num + 1) {
preg_match("!(.*?\n){".($num)."}$!", $readData, $match);
$data = $match[0];
echo $data;
My machine is 2 G memory, when press F5 operation, system directly gray, nearly 20 minutes to recover, visible all such a big file read into memory directly, how much is serious, so not all may not, memory_limit this things can't be too high, otherwise just make a phone call to the room, let the reset machine.
2. Directly call linux's tail command to display the last few lines
From the linux command line, you can use tail-n 10 access.log to easily display the last few lines of the log file. You can use php to invoke the tail command.
The entire code execution takes 0.0034 (s)
file = 'access.log';
$file = escapeshellarg($file); // Secure escape of command line arguments
$line = 'tail -n 1 $file';
echo $line;
3. Directly use fseek of php for file operation
This is the most common method, which does not need to read all the contents of the file into the content, but operates directly through the pointer, so the efficiency is quite efficient. There are many different methods to operate the file using fseek, and the efficiency may be slightly different.
Method 1
First, find the last bit of EOF through fseek, then find the starting position of the last row, take the data of this row, find the starting position of this row again, take the position of this row, and so on, until you find the $num row.
The implementation code is as follows
The entire code execution takes 0.0095 (s)
function tail($fp,$n,$base=5)
$pos = $n+1;
$lines = array();
while(count($lines)< =$n){
} catch (Exception $e){
$pos *= $base;
return array_slice($lines,0,$n);
Method 2
The method of fseek is still used to read from the end of the file, but instead of 1 bit and 1 bit, it is 1 block and 1 block. For each block of data read, the read data will be put into 1 buf, and then the number of line feed characters (\n) will be used to judge whether the last $num line data has been read.
The implementation code is as follows
The entire code takes 0.0009(s) to complete.
$line = 10;
$pos = -2;
$t = " ";
$data = "";
while ($line > 0) {
while ($t!= "\n") {
fseek($fp, $pos, SEEK_END);
$t = fgetc($fp);
$pos --;
$t = " ";
$data.= fgets($fp);
$line --;
fclose ($fp);
echo $data
Methods 3
The entire code execution takes 0.0003(s)
$file = 'access.log';
$data = file($file);
$line = $data[count($data)-1];
echo $line;
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text:
The Integrated Major
Many colleges talk about "integrative learning," but Hiram is one of the few small colleges to create an entire academic structure that fuels such learning. Hiram has created a structure where students in like majors are part of a "School." The School offers courses that prompt you to make connections between ideas and concepts from different disciplines.
As you learn how the theories and methods from your major can shed fresh insight on a topic or issue you are exploring from another disciplinary perspective, your understanding of the topic widens and deepens at the same time.
Students can choose from 29 majors and 38 minors offered in these five schools:
- Arts, Humanities & Culture
- Education, Civic Leadership, & Social Change
- Health & Medical Humanities
- Scarborough School of Business & Communication
- Science & Technology


text:
The site of Galería contained what are called human occupation floors: dirt layers that were once the floor of a cave where humans carried out their activities. Each of these floors represented a "photograph" of how the cave was left by these humans after using it, probably during only a very brief period of time. When they left, after for example consuming the flesh of a dead animal, they left behind them the bare bones and the tools used to dismember the carcasses. The remains were later covered by mud and rock transported by water, preserving not just the stone tools and bones, but the living space.
This is how the concept of anthropic impact was developed: a space used by human beings for their own convenience and a layer of sediment that preserves associated bones and stone tools that are more or less contemporaneous. Based on the remains found at Galería, it was believed that the humans entered the site to scavenge from time to time and maybe to consume game hunted in the vicinity. They didn't stay long, since bones with cutmarks and intentional fractures are not abundant. Galería functioned as a natural trap. That is, that the cave was visited from time to time by groups of hunters, whenever they saw carcasses inside, and they didn't return for a long time after the feast.


text:
Mercury vs Halogen - What's the difference?
As nouns the difference between mercury and halogen
is that mercury
is (dated) a carrier of tidings; a newsboy; a messenger while halogen
is halogen (any element of group 7).
As a proper noun mercury
is (roman god) the roman god associated with speed, sometimes used as a messenger he wore winged sandals mercury corresponded to the greek god hermes.
Other Comparisons: What's the difference?
# A silvery-colored, toxic, metallic chemical element, liquid at room temperature, with atomic number 80 and symbol Hg.
# (science, historical) One of the elemental principles formerly thought to be present in all metals.
# The mercury as used in a barometer or thermometer; ambient temperature.
# (obsolete) Liveliness, volatility.
#* Bishop Burnet
- The mercury there has averaged 37.6C, 2.3C above the February norm.
# An annual plant, Mercurialis annua , formerly grown for its medicinal properties; French mercury.
#* 1653 , (Nicholas Culpeper), The English Physician Enlarged , Folio Society 2007, p. 188:
- He was so full of mercury that he could not fix long in any friendship, or to any design.
# A similar edible plant, Chenopodium bonus-henricus , otherwise known as English mercury or allgood.
# (US, regional) The poison oak or poison ivy.
- Towards the tops of the stalks and branches come forth at every joint in the male Mercury two small round green heads, standing together upon a short footstalk, which growing ripe are the seeds, not having any flower.
* azoth (in alchemy )
* hydrargyrum (in medical and sometimes chemical use )
* quicksilver (not in technical use )
* argental mercury
* cadmium mercury cell
* fulminate of mercury
* mercury arc, mercury arc rectifier, mercury arc valve
* mercury bichloride, mercury dichloride
* mercury cadmium telluride
* mercury dichloride
* mercury fulminate
* mercury gilding
* mercury goosefoot
* mercury lamp
* mercury perchloride
* mercury poisoning
* mercury pool
* mercury protochloride
* mercury rust
* mercury selenide
* mercury sulfide, mercury sulphide
* mercury switch
* mercury thermometer
* mercury vapor lamp, mercury vapour lamp
* mercury vapor pump, mercury vapour pump
* mercury vapor rectifier, mercury vapour rectifier
* red mercury
* blue mass
* corrosive sublimate
* Good King Henry
* thimerosal, thiomersal
(chemistry) Any element of group 7, i.e. fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine and astatine, which form a salt by direct union with a metal.


Strange things I see frequently
I don't know if they didn't get the memo, but a startlingly large number of people talking on cell phones in Mexico hold the phone in front of their mouth while talking. It is as if they didn't know that the mouthpiece on these things was designed to pick up their voice WHILE the body of the phone is pressed to their ear. This allows for a quite handy full-duplex conversation, a wonderful feature of modern life. I never noticed this type of behavior in other countries I have visited, so what is up with Mexico or its cell phones?