text:
Locating an Acoustic Beacon with a Passive Sonar System
This example shows how to simulate a passive sonar system. A stationary underwater acoustic beacon is detected and localized by a towed passive array in a shallow-water channel. The acoustic beacon transmits a 10 millisecond pulse at 37.5 kilohertz every second, and is modeled as an isotropic projector. The locator system tows a passive array beneath the surface, which is modeled as a uniform linear array. Once the acoustic beacon signal is detected, a direction of arrival estimator is used to locate the beacon.
Define the Underwater Channel
In this example, the acoustic beacon is located at the bottom of a shallow water channel, which is 200 meters deep. A passive array is towed beneath the surface to locate the beacon.
First, create a multipath channel to transmit the signal between the beacon and passive array. Consider ten propagation paths including the direct path and reflections from the top and bottom surfaces. The paths generated by
isopaths will be used by the multipath channel,
channel, to simulate the signal propagation.
propSpeed = 1520; channelDepth = 200; OperatingFrequency = 37.5e3; isopaths = phased.IsoSpeedUnderwaterPaths('ChannelDepth',channelDepth,... 'NumPathsSource','Property','NumPaths',10,'PropagationSpeed',propSpeed); channel = phased.MultipathChannel('OperatingFrequency',OperatingFrequency);
Define the Acoustic Beacon and Passive Array
Acoustic Beacon Waveform
Define the waveform emitted by the acoustic beacon. The waveform is a rectangular pulse having a 1 second repetition interval and 10 millisecond width.
prf = 1; pulseWidth = 10e-3; pulseBandwidth = 1/pulseWidth; fs = 2*pulseBandwidth; wav = phased.RectangularWaveform('PRF',prf,'PulseWidth',pulseWidth,... 'SampleRate',fs); channel.SampleRate = fs;
Next, define the acoustic beacon, which is located 1 meter above the bottom of the channel. The acoustic beacon is modeled as an isotropic projector. The acoustic beacon waveform will be radiated to the far field.
projector = phased.IsotropicProjector('VoltageResponse',120); projRadiator = phased.Radiator('Sensor',projector,... 'PropagationSpeed',propSpeed,'OperatingFrequency',OperatingFrequency); beaconPlat = phased.Platform('InitialPosition',[5000; 2000; -199],... 'Velocity',[0; 0; 0]);
Passive Towed Array
A passive towed array will detect and localize the source of the pings, and is modeled as a five-element linear array with half-wavelength spacing. The passive array has velocity of 1 m/s in the y-direction. The array axis is oriented parallel to the direction of travel.
hydrophone = phased.IsotropicHydrophone('VoltageSensitivity',-150); array = phased.ULA('Element',hydrophone,... 'NumElements',5,'ElementSpacing',propSpeed/OperatingFrequency/2,... 'ArrayAxis','y'); arrayCollector = phased.Collector('Sensor',array,... 'PropagationSpeed',propSpeed,'OperatingFrequency',OperatingFrequency); arrayPlat = phased.Platform('InitialPosition',[0; 0; -10],... 'Velocity',[0; 1; 0]);
Define the receiver amplifier for each hydrophone element. Choose a gain of 20 dB and noise figure of 10 dB.
rx = phased.ReceiverPreamp(... 'Gain',20,... 'NoiseFigure',10,... 'SampleRate',fs,... 'SeedSource','Property',... 'Seed',2007);
Simulate the Passive Sonar System
Activate the acoustic beacon and transmit ten pings. After the propagation delay, the pings appear as peaks in the received signals of the array.
x = wav(); numTransmits = 10; rxsig = zeros(size(x,1),5,numTransmits); for i = 1:numTransmits % Update array and acoustic beacon positions [pos_tx,vel_tx] = beaconPlat(1/prf); [pos_rx,vel_rx] = arrayPlat(1/prf); % Compute paths between the acoustic beacon and array [paths,dop,aloss,rcvang,srcang] =... isopaths(pos_tx,pos_rx,vel_tx,vel_rx,1/prf); % Propagate the acoustic beacon waveform tsig = projRadiator(x,srcang); rsig = channel(tsig,paths,dop,aloss); % Collect the propagated signal rsig = arrayCollector(rsig,rcvang); % Store the received pulses rxsig(:,:,i) = abs(rx(rsig)); end
Plot the last received pulse. Because of the multiple propagation paths, each ping is a superposition of multiple pulses.
t = (0:length(x)-1)'/fs; plot(t,rxsig(:,end)) xlabel('Time (s)'); ylabel('Signal Amplitude (V)')
Estimate the Direction of Arrival
Estimate the direction of arrival of the acoustic beacon with respect to the array. Create a MUSIC estimator object, specifying a single source signal and the direction of arrival as an output. Use a scan angle grid with 0.1 degree spacing.
musicspatialspect = phased.MUSICEstimator('SensorArray',array,... 'PropagationSpeed',propSpeed,'OperatingFrequency',... OperatingFrequency,'ScanAngles',-90:0.1:90,'DOAOutputPort',true,... 'NumSignalsSource','Property','NumSignals',1);
Next, collect pings for 500 more repetition intervals. Estimate the direction of arrival for each repetition interval, and compare the estimates to the true direction of arrival.
numTransmits = 500; angPassive = zeros(numTransmits,1); angAct = zeros(numTransmits,1); for i = 1:numTransmits % Update array and acoustic beacon positions [pos_tx,vel_tx] = beaconPlat(1/prf); [pos_rx,vel_rx] = arrayPlat(1/prf); % Compute paths between acoustic beacon and the array [paths,dop,aloss,rcvang,srcang] =... isopaths(pos_tx,pos_rx,vel_tx,vel_rx,1/prf); angAct(i) = rcvang(1,1); % Propagate the acoustic beacon waveform tsig = projRadiator(x,srcang); rsig = channel(tsig,paths,dop,aloss); % Collect the propagated signal rsig = arrayCollector(rsig,rcvang); rxsig = rx(rsig); % Estimate the direction of arrival [~,angPassive(i)] = musicspatialspect(rxsig); end
Plot the estimated arrival angles and the true directions of arrival for each pulse repetition interval.
plot([angPassive angAct]) xlabel('Pulse Number') ylabel('Arrival angle (degrees)') legend('Estimated DOA','Actual DOA')
The estimated and actual directions of arrival agree to within less than one degree.
In this example, the transmission of acoustic pings between a beacon and passive array was simulated in a shallow-water channel. Each ping was received along ten acoustic paths. The direction of arrival of the beacon was estimated with respect to the passive array for each received ping and compared to the true direction of arrival. The direction of arrival could be used to locate and recover the beacon.
Urick, Robert. Principles of Underwater Sound. Los Altos, California: Peninsula Publishing, 1983.


I have recently had my brain swapped with that of my pet cockatoo. I'm typing this – painfully – using my beak, while trying to distract my body by throwing seeds on the floor. It looks like it's broken my nose trying to pick it up. Good recommendations for a clinic to return my brain back?
Chirpy in LA
By "had my brain swapped" I assume that you mean that you've had that portion of your subconsciousness swapped with the cockatoo. I will be operating on this assumption for the duration of my response for the following reasons: (1) You speak as if you are self-aware as a human, while combating reflexive cockatoo behaviour. If your full consciousness was that of your pet, you wouldn't even know what a keyboard was, let alone how to use one, because cockatoos have never been all that impressed by electronics. (2) If you physically exchanged your actual brain with a cockatoo, you would have a nut-sized lump rattling around in your skull that doesn't hardwire into your neurological system properly. So you'd be dead. Your cockatoo, sporting a bizarrely-huge brain for which it cannot supply adequate oxygen with its circulatory system, would also be dead.
Assuming that this letter finds you before you kill yourself in some instinctive attempt at flight, you can do one of two things: (1) Just try reversing whatever happened to create this problem in the first place. I would only recommend a "clinic" for that procedure if there was a clinic that administered the initial swap. (2) Failing that, work at retraining your brain. Neural pathways are hard to manually rewire, but it's not impossible. Start by using your hands when typing. It should be noted that you will never fully rebuild human instincts or eradicate the cockatoo instincts. This means that you will always be a weirdo, most notably in your reproductive habits.


text:
google pixel watch 2 It was launched last month during the company's Made by Google event. The newly unveiled smart wearable powered by the Qualcomm 5100 SoC is heading to more shelves around the world, however, and rumors about next year's Pixel Watch 3 have already started to surface on the web. According to a new patent filing, the Pixel Watch 3 may debut with a new sensor technology that will allow users to control the wearable only with gestures instead of buttons.
in the beginning spotted by wearable, Google has filed a new smartwatch patent Filed with the United States Patent Office titled "Gesture recognition on watch bezel using strain gauges". The patent next discusses the possibilities of implementing new sensors inside the Pixel Watch that can detect gestures such as press, tap, squeeze, and swipe. The introduction of these sensors could lead to new ways of using smartwatches as they can perform a variety of functions such as controlling music, accessing smart home devices, and viewing or managing heart rate data.
Deploying this new sensor technology will eliminate buttons from future Pixel watches. In addition to the detailed description, the patent also includes some images to provide further context that show how the gesture recognition controls would work. The images show a smartwatch with sensors arranged along the edge of the display and no crown. We can see a user swiping their finger along the display edge to turn the volume up or down in the Music app. It also prompts you to press the display on both ends of the wearable device to pause a song or open a notification.
Google says that the buttons, bezels, and crown make the manufacturing process and waterproofing more complicated. "Touching the device easily obscures content on such a small screen, making it difficult to accurately select and scroll because the user cannot see what they are selecting or scrolling," Google said in the filing. are doing." Tech giants admit that dials, rotating crowns and more are efficient and convenient options, but they have flaws. So adding sensors within the watch will keep the control methods within the housing, resulting in a cleaner design. It will also allow the processor to communicate directly with the sensors.
Google has not provided any details about the adoption of the gesture recognition sensor on the Pixel Watch. The patented technology can only be used for testing and changes are expected before the launch of the next version of Pixel wearables.
pixel watch 2 was launched During the Made by Google launch event in October. Its price is Rs. 39,900 in India. The smartwatch is powered by Qualcomm 5100 SoC, paired with 2GB of RAM and 32GB of inbuilt storage. It comes with Wear OS 4.0 and has a 306mAh battery.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
Change inches to centimeters and vice versa
To change measurement units in Word, do the following:
1. On the File tab, click Options:
2. In the Word Options dialog box, on the Advanced tab, under Display, in the Show measurements in units of drop-down list, choose the measurement units you need:
3. Click OK.
Note: Be careful, 1 cm = 0.3937 inch and 1 inch = 2.54 cm. By default, Word uses 1-inch margins and 2.5 cm. So, after changing the measurement units from centimeters to inches, you will see 0.98 inch, not 1 inch.
See also this tip in French: Comment changer les centimètres en pouces et vice versa.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


A probabilistic analysis of a continuous-time evolution in recombination. (arXiv:1810.07238v1 [math.PR])
We study the continuous-time evolution of the recombination equation of population genetics. This evolution is given by a differential equation that acts on a product probability space, and its solution can be described by a Markov chain on a set of partitions that converges to the finest partition. We study an explicit form of the law of this process by using a family of trees. We also describe the geometric decay rate to the finest partition and the quasi-stationary behavior of the Markov chain when conditioned on the event that the chain does not hit the limit.查看全文
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Teacher Joe's
Super Students!
Understand English Through Famous Sayings
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Who is Teacher Joe?
If you want to learn English well, you have to practice speaking English! Use these sentences to help you start interesting conversations in English.
- Samuel Butler
This is one of the most famous sayings about love. Even if we feel pain when we lose our love, it is a good thing for us. I am not sure I agree with this! How about you?
- Franklin P. Jones
"Love makes the world go round" is a common saying. It means that everything, even the whole world, depends on love. This man disagrees. Maybe love is not so important. Still, without love, the "ride" in the "car of life", or the "train of life", has no meaning. Just how important is love, in your opinion?
- Kahlil Kibran
This is very poetic. In a conversation, you might say the first half only, and ask your friends if they agree. I wonder if this kind of love is really possible. We often say "This is MY girlfriend" or "This is MY wife". Is love enough by itself, or do we need to possess our love?
- Martin Luther King Jr.
Do you think it's truly possible to follow in Dr. King's footsteps? What can ordinary people do to "drive out hate"? Does it matter how we live our daily lives or should we wait until we're important people in society?
- Maxime de la Rochefoucauld
Do you think you have ever been TRULY in love? Why do people "fall in love"? Why do some people "fall out" of love? Are there different kinds of love? How can we find "true" love?
- Amelia E. Barr
Have you ever loved somebody who didn't love you in return? If so, what was it like? Have you ever been loved by somebody that you didn't love? If so, how did that feel to you?
"Love is a temporary insanity curable by marriage."
- Ambrose Bierce
What a shocking thing to say! Why do you think he said it? How is love "cured" by marriage? And if love is a disease, do we really want to be cured? How can we keep love alive even after marriage?
Back to Teacher Joe's Words of Wisdom
"I have music, I have rhythm, who could ask for anything more?"
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text:
Kincardine LighthouseKincardine, ON
Built into the bank of the Penetangore River in 1881, the Kincardine lighthouse serviced a busy fishing and local salt shipping industry. This octagonal wooden tower is the only 'downtown' lighthouse on the Bruce Coast. The Kincardine lighthouse stands 24.4 metres (74 feet) tall, and is built above a two-story light keeper's house.
The eight-sided tower rests on a stone foundation. Above the rear-entrance door, the year '1880′ is inscribed in the cornerstone. Barrels of kerosene, used to fuel the lamp, were hoisted up these stairs by the keepers. The tower is capped by a red iron lantern and balcony, painted in the familiar 'lighthouse red'. The first lamp had shutters that rotated by weighted chains to make the light flash. In 1922, the lamp became electrically powered and, today, large lenses rotate around a 500-watt bulb.
- Type of Light:
- Electrically Powered
- 74 ft
- House Type
- Year Built:
Featured Story: "Living in the Lighthouse"
Susan and Jack Westell moved to the Kincardine lighthouse when they were nine and six respectively. Their father Oran was the lighthouse keeper from 1929 – 1955. They moved from just down the road and their dog, Buster, was reluctant to go but eventually they got him to walk down to the lighthouse a little at a time.
During the depression the monthly salary for a lighthouse keeper was $15. Susan remembers receiving 25¢ a week to open and close the blinds in the light room. Her older brother John remembers only receiving 10¢ in his day as blind keeper. The lighthouse was unfurnished when the family moved in so they had to bring furniture with them. In the kitchen they had a coal stove, which was the only source of heat for a long time, and for refrigeration they used an ice box.
- July 1st to Labour Day: 11am to 5pm daily
- _PHONE_, _PHONE_

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


educative.io
Educative
Left & Right Values of minHeapify()
I am trying to understanding the logic behind the left & right values for the minHeapify function.
Why is the index multiplied by 2?
Cheers
Hi Robert ,
This is Maida from Educative.
Initially, elements are placed in nodes in the same order as they appear in the array. Then we call _minHeapify function on all the elements to restore the heap property (starting from the bottom of the heap). The _minHeapify function swaps the values of the parent nodes with the values of their smallest child nodes until the heap property is restored.
In the given code, left and right are the indexes of the left and right child of the heap, respectively, and index is the index of the current parent node. We need to multiply the left and right with 2 because elements of the heap are arranged in this manner:
4, 9, 3, 2, 1, 8, 0
and It would look like this:
From the figure, it is clear that to find the left child, we need to multiply the parent index by 2 and add 1 to it. Since the right child exists right next to it we need to add 2 after multiplying the parent index by 2.
For example, if the parent is at index 3 then the left child will be at 3*2+1=7th index, and the right child will be at 3*2+2=8th index.
We hope Educative has inspired to further your learning.
Best Regards,
Maida | Developer Advocate
educative.io


Home » How to Create and Interpret Pairs Plots in R
How to Create and Interpret Pairs Plots in R
by Tutor Aspire
A pairs plot is a matrix of scatterplots that lets you understand the pairwise relationship between different variables in a dataset.
Fortunately it's easy to create a pairs plot in R by using the pairs() function. This tutorial provides several examples of how to use this function in practice.
Example 1: Pairs Plot of All Variables
The following code illustrates how to create a basic pairs plot for all variables in a data frame in R:
#make this example reproducible
set.seed(0)
#create data frame
var1 #create pairs plot
pairs(df)
The way to interpret the matrix is as follows:
 - The variable names are shown along the diagonals boxes.
 - All other boxes display a scatterplot of the relationship between each pairwise combination of variables. For example, the box in the top right corner of the matrix displays a scatterplot of values for var1 and var3. The box in the middle left displays a scatterplot of values for var1 and var2, and so on.
This single plot gives us an idea of the relationship between each pair of variables in our dataset. For example, var1 and var2 seem to be positively correlated while var1 and var3 seem to have little to no correlation.
Example 2: Pairs Plot of Specific Variables
The following code illustrates how to create a basic pairs plot for just the first two variables in a dataset:
#create pairs plot for var1 and var2 only
pairs(df[, 1:2])
Pairs plot of specific variables in R
Example 3: Modify the Aesthetics of a Pairs Plot
The following code illustrates how to modify the aesthetics of a pairs plot, including the title, the color, and the labels:
pairs(df,
 col = 'blue', #modify color
 labels = c('First', 'Second', 'Third'), #modify labels
 main = 'Custom Title') #modify title
Custom pairs plot in R
Example 4: Obtaining Correlations with ggpairs
You can also obtain the Pearson correlation coefficient between variables by using the ggpairs() function from the GGally library. The following code illustrates how to use this function:
#install necessary libraries
install.packages('ggplot2')
install.packages('GGally')
#load libraries
library(ggplot2)
library(GGally)
#create pairs plot
ggpairs(df)
ggpairs function in R example
The way to interpret this matrix is as follows:
 - The variable names are displayed on the outer edges of the matrix.
 - The boxes along the diagonals display the density plot for each variable.
 - The boxes in the lower left corner display the scatterplot between each variable.
 - The boxes in the upper right corner display the Pearson correlation coefficient between each variable. For example, the correlation between var1 and var2 is 0.425.
The benefit of using ggpairs() over the base R function pairs() is that you can obtain more information about the variables. Specifically, you can see the correlation coefficient between each pairwise combination of variables as well as a density plot for each individual variable.
You can find the complete documentation for the ggpairs() function here.
You may also like


text:
"Be spontaneous!" Paradoxes
A vexing communication block occurs when one person requests or demands something from another that can only be given sponta-neously - like trust, love, interest, acceptance, appreciation, desire, and respect. If the second person tries to comply, the first person may then say - "You're just doing that because I asked you to, not because you really mean it." Examples: "You never say 'I love you'"; "You must honor my wishes!"; "You need to respect the sacrifices I make for you"; and "Why won't you initiate sex more often?"
The solution: (a) mutual knowledge of this concept and process awareness, and the second person (b) asserting something like "You're asking me to (want to) give you something that has to be spontaneous," and (c) both people digging down to identify the under-lying relationship needs that are causing this situation.] Lesson 2 is about learning to communicate effectively


text:
12 December 2001
ECONOMIC FACTORS. The economic factors affecting the dredging of
Navy harbors are the following.
Amount of Material to be Dredged
. The mobilization and demobilization
costs will constitute a significant portion of the total project cost for small-volume
dredging projects. For large-volume dredging projects, the mobilization and
demobilization costs will only increase the cost per cubic yard by a relatively small
Distance From the Dredging Site to the Disposal Site. This distance
depends on the availability of disposal sites, the volume, and the environmental mental
quality of the dredged material. If the sediment is contaminated, regulatory agencies
may require dumping at a "contained" land disposal site. In many areas these sites are
limited. Ocean disposal sites are attractive alternatives because of their unlimited
capacity and general proximity to Navy harbors. In either case additional costs and time
delays may be incurred because the dredged material must be proven environmentally
clean prior to issuance of a dredging permit. Regardless of where the material is
dumped, cost is a function of distance to the disposal site and mode of transport.
Environmental Considerations. Some form of environmental
documentation is required for every dredging project, which can add substantially to
project costs. The minimum requirement is a Preliminary Environmental Assessment.
Additional chemical or biological testing may be required to supplement this
documentation. If ocean disposal is proposed, it is likely that bioassays will be required
at an additional cost. Most costly of all are environmental surveys of the dredge site
and the disposal site which may be required in environmentally sensitive areas or cases
of critical contamination. It is recommended to involve the local environmental office in
the planning discussions from the inception of the project.
New Work Versus Maintenance Dredging. Where an area has not
been dredged before, the bottom sediments may be consolidated and difficult to
dredge. The added time required to dredge new material may incur additional costs.
Other Factors. Other factors include the cost of fuel, competition
between private and public dredgers, and the configuration and use of the naval harbor
to be dredged. Refer to either Chapter 8 of The Handbook of Dredging Engineering
(Herbich, 1992) for an Economic Analysis for Disposal or Chapter 10 in Dredging: A
Handbook for Engineers (Bray et al., 1997) for a discussion of Dredging Costs and
GEOTECHNICAL FACTORS. Soil investigations and testing techniques
are generally similar to terrestrial procedures except that trial dredging may be resorted
to where conditions for a particular type of dredge are marginal. Soil classifications
generally refer to the PIANC adopted system.
Sediment Analysis. Sediment samples from the dredge area should be
obtained and analyzed.


text:
Big Trail, The
The Big Trail (1930) is a little remembered Western masterpiece directed by Raoul Walsh (The Roaring Twenties, White Heat, The Enforcer (1951)). Filmed entirely on location and featuring stunts that have never been duplicated or topped, the movie was the first starring role for John Wayne. Most moviegoers only saw the 35 mm print of the film, but the screenshots below come from the seldom seen, 70 mm Fox Grandeur version, which was the first but short-lived widescreen movie format in America. The two versions differ in story, script, direction, and stunts, with the 35 mm print vastly inferior to the 70 mm version. The film also starred Marguerite Churchill, El Brendel, Tully Marshall, and Tyrone Power Sr. (as Tyrone Power). An honest scout (Wayne) keeps a close eye on a trio of thugs, who lead a wagon train across canyons, rivers, deserts, blizzards, and Indian land to California in the 1850s.
The following weapons were used in the film The Big Trail:
Enfield Pattern 1853
Throughout the film, scouts and settlers carry the Enfield Pattern 1853.
Remington 1858 New Army
Throughout the film, Breck (John Wayne) carries a Remington 1858 New Army revolver. While billed as being a percussion revolver in the film, in reality the gun is an original nickel plated Remington New Model Army cartridge conversion that was altered to fire .38 S&W blanks. The use of cartridge conversions in place of actual percussion revolvers was a common practice in Hollywood throughout the 20th century, due to the ease of using blank cartridges as opposed to loading blank charges in a percussion firearm. For more info on this gun, click here.
Martin Mang In Graz Standard
Throughout the film, Bill Thorpe (Ian Keith) carries a Martin Mang In Graz Standard pistol.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
Does anyone know of packages for displaying neuroscience schematics with tikz? For example, I would like to place a raster plot next to the diagram of a Markov process to help explain how Markov models could be used to simulate the firing of neurons.
I know that I could do this by including an image of neural activity in the tikz picture. But, I wondered if there was a solution that could only use tikz.
Below is the, admittedly, amateurish, version I made in PPT. The raster plot refers to the horizontal lines of ticks. Each tick is the same and marks where a neuron fired.
I know how to use the automata library in tikz to make the state diagram. I wondered if there was an easier way to draw many horizontal lines than the brute force approach with a for loop.
Sketch of slide combining raster plots and Markov chain
Sample neural data (times in ms that a neuron fired) for 50 ms:
 2,10,12,14,15,20,25,34,35,48, 49
share|improve this question
Can you please provide (a link to) an image of the kind of drawing you would like to do? – Gonzalo Medina Sep 22 '12 at 21:47
Could you provide some sample "neuron firing" data? Otherwise random numbers it is. The color represents intensity? (There are lines of different color: black, orange, red) – Tom Bombadil Sep 23 '12 at 11:48
Random numbers are fine. Most simulations use a Poisson process with a rate of 10. I've edited to provide some example times though. There should only be one color-black. The rasters are pasted from another program into PPT and the coloring is an artifact when two black lines are really close together. – mac389 Sep 23 '12 at 11:58
add comment
1 Answer
up vote 10 down vote accepted
For the neuron activity part:
%\pgfmathsetseed{42}% or some other number
\foreach \y [count=\c] in {-0.5,-1,...,-2.5}
 { \node[right] at (15.2,\y+0.1) {\scriptsize Subject \c};
 \foreach \x in {1,...,300}
 { \pgfmathtruncatemacro{\drawbool}{rand-0.7 > 0? 1 : 0}
 { \fill (\x/20,\y) rectangle (\x/20+0.05,\y+0.3);}
 \draw[-stealth] (0,0) -- (15.5,0);
 \node[right] at (15.5,0.2) {t in ms};
 \foreach \x [evaluate=\x as \v using int(20*\x)] in {0,...,15}
 { \draw (\x,-0.05) -- (\x,0.05) node[above] {\v};
enter image description here
share|improve this answer
That's beautiful. – mac389 Sep 23 '12 at 12:45
How would I position the state diagram and the raster plot in the same tikz picture? – mac389 Sep 23 '12 at 12:46
Just take the state diagram commands and put them in a shifted scope: \begin{scope}[shift={(x,y)}] \end{scope} – Tom Bombadil Sep 23 '12 at 12:49
_USER_ Musa: It's random numbers, so they are different after each compile. To make them stay constant, add \pgfmatsetseed{} before the first foreach. I added it in the answer. – Tom Bombadil Sep 23 '12 at 21:53
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Your Answer


RESEARCH PAPER
Human health cost of hydrogen sulfide air pollution from an oil and gas Field

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Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Dinara Kenessary
Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan

Ann Agric Environ Med. 2017;24(2):213–216

KEYWORDS
ABSTRACT
Introduction and objective:
The Karachaganak oil and gas condensate field (KOGCF), one of the largest in the world, located in the Republic of Kazakhstan (RoK) in Central Asia, is surrounded by 10 settlements with a total population of 9,000 people. Approximately73% of this population constantly mention a specific odour of rotten eggs in the air, typical for hydrogen sulfide (H2S) emissions, and the occurrence of low-level concentrations of hydrogen sulfide around certain industrial installations (esp. oil refineries) is a well known fact. Therefore, this study aimed at determining the impact on human health and the economic damage to the country due to H2S emissions.
Material and Methods:
Dose-response dependency between H2S concentrations in the air and cardiovascular morbidity using multiple regression analysis was applied. Economic damage from morbidity was derived with a newly-developed method, with Kazakhstani peculiarities taken into account.
Results:
Hydrogen sulfide air pollution due to the KOGCF activity costs the state almost $60,000 per year. Moreover, this is the reason for a more than 40% rise incardiovascular morbidity in the region.
Conclusions:
The reduction of hydrogen sulfide emissions into the air is recommended, as well as successive constant ambient air monitoring in future. Economic damage evaluation should be made mandatory, on a legal basis, whenever an industrial facility operation results in associated air pollution.

REFERENCES (25)
1.
WHO databases. Burden of disease from Ambient Air Pollution for 2012. Summary of results. Available from: _URL_ – 91k.

2.
Kenessariyev UI. Hygienic basis of assessement prognosses and development of environmental-health system at KOGCF. [dissertation]. Almaty (RoK); 1993.

3.
Omarkojaeva GN. Complex assessemnet of environment quality and risk-factors of oil fields [dissertation]. Almaty (RoK);KazNMU; 2006.

4.
Kurmangaliev ОМ. Ecological and hygienic aspects of forming pathology of the genitourinary system in RoK oil and gas condensate regions (on an example of KOGCF). [dissertation]. Almaty (RoK); 2008.

5.
Alikeeva GM. Hygienic assessement and prognoses of sanitary-demographic processess in KOGCF region [dissertation]. Almaty (RoK);KazNMU;2001.

6.
Hirsch AR, Zavala G. Long-term effects on the olfactory system of exposure to hydrogen sulphide. Occup Environ Med 1999; 56:284–287. Available from: _URL_

7.
Erzhanova AE. Mathematical modeling of the air quality effect on public health (on the example of the Karachaganak oil and gas field). Veda a vznik – 2009/2010: Proceedings of the 5th International scientific conference; 2009–2010; 27 December – 5 Jan; Prague; Czech Republic. p. 7–9.

8.
Kenessariyev UI, Dosmukhametiv AT, Amrin MK, Erzhanova AE. Human health risk assessement in oil and gas condensate region. Vestnik Kaz NMU. 2012. №1: 334–336. Available from: _URL_

9.
Gladkih AU, Shiryaeva T, Pedorenko EN, Kamaeva TA, Kaidakova NN, et al. Established Karachaganak oil gas and condensate field sanitary protection zone; Volume-1; Kazakhstan Agency of Applied Ecology; Almaty, 2013. Project. pp. 19–20, pp. 131–135, p.202. Contract No: AP/Y/13/0272. Sponsored by KPO b.v.

10.
RoK Government Decree No1400. On the remuneration system for civil servants, employees of organizations financed from the state budget, workers of state enterprises. Dec 29, 2007. Available from: _URL_

11.
RoK Ministry of Health Decree No936 (30.12.2011). Appendix 11. Available from: _URL_

12.
Kilburn KH, Thrasher JD, GrayMR.Low-level hydrogen sulfide and central nervous system dysfunction. Environ Epidemiol Toxicol 1999; 1: 207–17. Available from: _URL_

13.
Legator MS, Singleton CR, Morris DL, Philips DL.Health effects from chronic low-level exposure to hydrogen sulfide.Arch Environ Health. 2001; 56(2): 123–31. Available from: _URL_

14.
Tarver GA, Dasgupta PK. Oil Field Hydrogen Sulfide in Texas: Emission Estimates and Fate. Environ Sci Tech. 1997; 31: 3669–3676.

15.
Matias SA, Elizabeth DW, Michael JP, Gaskins HR. Evidence That Hydrogen Sulfide Is a Genotoxic Agent. Molecular Cancer Research 2006; 4: 9–14. Available from: _URL_

16.
Matias SA, Elizabeth DW, Gaskins HR, Michael JP. Hydrogen Sulfide Induces Direct Radical-Associated DNA Damage. Mol Canc Res. 2007; 5(5): 455–459. Available from: _URL_

17.
Baskar R, Li L, Moore PK. Hydrogen sulfide-induces DNA damage and changes in apoptotic gene expression inhuman lung fibroblast cells.FASEB J. 2007;21(1):247–55. Epub 2006. Available from: _URL_

18.
Saadat M,Zendeh-Boodi Z. Association between genetic polymorphism of GSTT1 and depression score inindividuals chronically exposed to natural sour gas. Neurosci Lett. 2008; 435(1): 65–8. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2008.02.008. Epub 2008.

19.
Hydrogen sulfide. Geneva, World Health Organization, 1981 (Environmental HealthCriteria, No. 19). Available from: _URL_

20.
Statistical Annals. Kazakhstan in 2012. RoK statistics Agency. Astana. 2013. Available from: file://localhost/C:/Users/user/Downloads/1-Казахстан%20в%202012%20году.pdf.

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Health of the RoK and the Activities of Health Care Organizations in 2012. Statistical Book. The Ministry of Health (RoK). Astana. 2013.

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Diagnostic and treatment protocols for diseases (intended for primary health care facilities). LBC 51.1 (2) 2. RoK Ministry of Health Decree No 655 (30.12.2005).

23.
Diagnostic and treatment protocols for diseases (intended for hospitals of therapeutic type). LBC 53.5. RoK Ministry of Health Decree No 655 (30.12.2005).

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RoK Labor Code (including amendments and additions). Art.159, paragraph 3 (04.07.2013).

25.
Burlin central district hospital Statistics Division. Data on the primary morbidity and demographic indicators in 2012.

eISSN:_PHONE_
ISSN:_PHONE_


text:
Talk: Wednesday 13 April 2016, 7.30 pm, Cottenham Village College, Common Room.
Archaeology, ancient DNA and the horse-human relationship in Prehistory by Mim Bower
Doors open 7.15 pm; meeting begins 7.30 pm
Mim Bower pioneered the use of ancient DNA in archaeology at Cambridge and has an eclectic research career including studies on the spread of agriculture into Europe and the origins of grape varieties, but the bulk of her research has been on the genetic consequences of the domestication of horses. Some of her more notable findings include the discovery of an imposter in the Thoroughbred General Studbook and the characterisation of a gene which predicts speed in race horses. This talk presents the results of a large-scale study of horse genetic diversity across the Eurasian continent and explores the changing nature of the relationship between horses and humans from Prehistory to the present day.
Our speaker meetings are open to everyone. Admission: Members £2; Non-members £3.


Carefree is a town in Maricopa County, Arizona. According to 2010 Census Bureau estimates, the population of the town is 3,363.
Carefree has a desert climate with hot summers and mild winters. There are 144 days annually with highs of at least 90 °F (32 °C), 68 days of at least 100 °F (38 °C), and six freezing nights per year.
The median income for a household in the town was $88,702, and the median income for a family was $105,699. Males had a median income of $61,050 versus $38,750 for females. The per capita income for the town was $62,433. About 2.0% of families and 3.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 1.2% of those under the age of 18 and 3.2% of those 65 and older.


text:
Electronic Hours of Service – Why?
An electronic onboard recorder (EOBR) is the FMCSA's nomenclature for a device that produces compliant, paperless, electronic drivers' hours of service logs. These devices have been approved in lieu of handwritten records in the United States and Canada for the last 18 years. Several times since then, calls have been made by various groups to mandate electronic log devices in the name of highway safety. In spite of the fact that these devices remain entirely voluntary, thousands of fleets have adopted them. Why do fleets spend money on onboard computer technology?
Fleets implement technology because it increases their returns; either through increased safety, higher revenue miles, or lower operating costs. Onboard computer (OBC) systems available today perform many functions; vehicle maintenance tracking, accident recording, two-way communications, driving performance monitoring, dispatch and routing, inventory control, proof of delivery, trailer tracking, and a host of other interesting features. In many cases, this may have nothing to do with FMCSA compliant electronic logs. The ability to do paperless logs, in today's driver-driven environment, is just one of the many reasons that fleets use onboard technology.
What occurs in our industry every time an accident happens involving a commercial motor vehicle? Safety and the public's perception of our industry go hand in hand. The implementation of an onboard computer system creates a positive impression that the company cares about safety, and is committed to giving the drivers a reasonable and legal work schedule. An EOBR makes it easier to measure HOS compliance, providing the tools to adjust dispatch schedules with greater efficiency. Onboard computers that measure driving performance give the driver feedback on critical driving habits that directly influence safety and fuel efficiency. Over time, it is proven that this type of professional environment improves driver retention. A recent survey conducted by the American Transportation Research Institute (ATRI) shows that "motor carriers using EOBRs have not experienced the negative impacts on driver retention expected by the motor carrier non-users".
Increased complexity of US and Canadian rules, especially regarding sleeper berth provisions and short haul operations, increases the burden on carriers/drivers to accurately keep their logs. With every concession, exemption, or exception for a segment of industry, hours of service rules become harder to understand and calculate. In the middle of this dynamic environment, drivers and fleet operators are under increasing pressure to comply. The law becomes harder to understand, and harder to communicate. The repercussions of non-compliance become harsher for carriers and drivers. In this environment, shifting clerical tasks away from drivers is a proven best practice. According to the ATRI, fleets that use EOBRs report 19% increased driver retention and 76% report increased driver morale after they implemented these devices.
The FMCSA estimates that drivers using electronic logs spend 20 minutes less per day filling out paperwork than drivers using paper logs. However, many fleets report greater time savings with paperless logs, especially with the most recent sleeper berth rules. Properly preparing hand-written logs is time consuming, difficult, and displaces part of the driver's focus on their real job. Further, more drivers are entering today's job market without any previous connection to our industry. Educating these new drivers on today's HOS rules is difficult.
How does this work? The fleet indicates which of the 26 currently applicable rule sets are suitable in their operation. This allows the system to operate within the 6 or 7 day cycle, intrastate or interstate, applying proper exemptions and exceptions. The driver indicates the beginning and end of work periods by electing on duty and off duty statuses. The EOBR calculates distance, determines location at each change of status, and keeps track of worked and available hours. Fleets can elect to automatically warn drivers when they are in danger of exceeding allowable time, and to warn drivers when they exceed allowable time. Any time the vehicle is stopped, drivers can look up a detailed daily log or a summary recap of hours.
Back at the office, the truck communicates back via several different methods, from satellite to terrestrial to 802.11 hotspots to memory cards. Carriers can review logs that are current up to the last synchronization. More important, carriers can instantly review who is in and out of compliance, as well as plan dispatch schedules, without reviewing each individual log or relying on manually created recaps.
Although rumors of mandated electronic logs have circulated for years, our industry has not waited for the federal government to act. Lower cost, easier to use, more reliable technology that increases fleet safety has been adopted without governmental intervention. Government intervention will change the availability, price, and complexity of telematics and onboard computers. What's worth considering is the voluntary adoption of an EOBR. Is it not better to voluntarily adopt a known and improving technology now; or wait to install a mandated and static technology when it is forced on our industry.
Senior Vice President
Maintaining Compliance and Automating Regulatory Duties for Commercial Drivers
Electronic On Board Recorders (EOBR's) are now available from several sources, easing the burden of hours-of-service compliance for drivers and carriers, and providing many ancillary benefits, as well. Making the right choices on whether or not to invest in EOBR's, choosing the right product, and implementing a program in your fleet will be critical to your success.
Making the wrong choices could result in your failure to comply with the regulations, and possibly even losing your fleet's operating authority as well as potential corporate, and even personal, liability for violators. It is important to understand what EOBR's do, how they work, and what they can do for your fleet.
Hours of Service for Commercial Drivers in North America
Just as in the airline, maritime, oil production and railroad industries, commercial motor vehicle operators and drivers in the United States and Canada must comply with hours of service regulations, the purpose of which is to prevent tired drivers from driving and endangering themselves and others. These drivers, and their employers, face the task of maintaining compliance with the regulations, while at the same time maximizing productivity and profitability. Failure to comply with hours of service regulations often results in unsafe driving practices, increased risk to all members of the driving public, and increased exposure to litigation for the carrier and its officers. Penalties for non-compliance can range from moderate fines to very expensive fines, loss of operating authority, and incarceration for egregious violators.
By regulation, drivers have a limited number of hours they may drive (driving time) and a limited number of hours they may work (on duty not driving). Once these limits are reached, a period of off duty time or sleeper berth time must be taken to "reset" tour of duty limits. If a sleeper berth is used, drivers may accumulate the total number of hours needed to rest in more than one period of time, provided certain rules are met. In addition, drivers can accumulate only a certain number of hours in any previous 7, 8, or (in Canada only) 14 day period.
The United States and Canada each have their own hours of service regulations, with different required work, driving, resting, and total accumulated working times. Mexico does not currently have HOS regulations, but NAFTA and other influences could initiate legislation there. Many states have rules that differ from the United States federal rule, applicable when a vehicle does not travel outside the borders of that state. All Canadian provinces have varying rules for commercial motor vehicles operating within their borders. Both Canada and the United States have specific hours of service rule sets that apply only to specific vocations. These vocations include agriculture, water well drilling, oil well drilling, utilities, home fuel deliveries, and essential transportation modes during times of great need.
Drivers must use a "record of duty status", commonly referred to as a log book, to monitor and prove compliance with the hours of service regulations applicable. Drivers and carriers must keep these logs for a specified period of time (commonly 6 months) in the event of an audit.
The Background of Automated Hours of Service Compliance
Since 1988, electronic devices have been approved in lieu of handwritten records. In Canada, electronic devices that may be used in lieu of handwritten records are also allowed. This is a recent revision to Canada's original acceptance of electronic hours of service compliance in 1994.
The specifications for these electronic devices are specific, and are expected to become more stringent with upcoming regulatory and legislative actions. Some industry watchers are expecting a mandate of these devices because of highway safety and security concerns. Thousands of fleets have used electronic logs since 1988, easing the burden of compliance and reaping productivity benefits. As of this writing there is no mandate for electronic logs, so fleets must find some benefit to justify the costs. Fleets may simply want to be good corporate citizens, ensuring that their vehicles are operated in a safe manner. Some fleets operate in a hazardous environment where safety and fatigue management are paramount. Many fleets obtain a return on their investment through other benefits of an onboard computer, such as better driving habits and productivity.
Several times since 1988, calls have been made by various groups to mandate electronic log devices in the name of highway safety. The Federal Motor Carrier Administration (FMCSA) calls these devices Electronic Onboard Recorders (EOBR's). An EOBR is a device that electronically automates drivers HOS record keeping requirements. An EOBR, by definition, does not include any other functionality such as fuel taxes, driving performance, or productivity tools. However, because fleets demand these other functions to obtain their return on investment, there are no pure EOBR devices on the market today.
Not all devices that are considered to produce "electronic logs" are compliant with these specifications. For example, in 1994 Werner Enterprises wanted to use their existing Qualcomm OmniTracs system to automate their drivers' logs. Because the system


Linear filters
In the context of signal processing, a filter is a transformation that maps one signal to another. Each signal is a function of time, and the filter is like a black box that receives the one signal as input, and produces another as output. If $ x$ represents an entire signal (over all times), then let $ F(x)$ represent the resulting signal after running it through the filter.
A linear filter is a special kind of filter that satisfies two algebraic properties. The first algebraic property is additivity, which means that if two signals are added and sent through the filter, the result should be the same as if they were each sent through the filter independently, and then the resulting transformed signals were added. Using notation, this is $ F(x + x') = F(x) + F(x')$ for any two signals $ x$ and $ x'$. For example, if two different sounds are sent into the filter, the result should be the same whether they are combined before or after the filtering. This concept will become useful as multiple sinusoids are sent through the filter.
The second algebraic property is homogeneity, which means that if the signal is scaled by a constant factor before being sent though the filter, the result would be the same as if it were scaled by the same factor afterwards. Using notation, this means that $ c F(x) = F(cx)$ for every constant $ c$ and signal $ x$. For example, this means that if we double the sound amplitude, then the output sound from the filter doubles its amplitude as well.
A linear filter generally takes the form
$\displaystyle y[k] = c_0 x[k] + c_1 x[k-1] + c_2 x[k-2] + c_3 x[k-3] + \cdots + c_n x[k-n],$ (11.3)
in which each $ c_i$ is a constant, and $ n + 1$ is the number of samples involved in the filter. One may consider the case in which $ n$ tends to infinity, but it will not be pursued here. Not surprisingly, (11.3) is a linear equation. This particular form is a causal filter because the samples on the left occur no later than the sample $ y[k]$. A non-causal filter would require dependency on future samples, which is reasonable for a recorded signal, but not for live sampling (the future is unpredictable!).
Here are some examples of linear filters (special cases of (11.3)). This one takes a moving average of the last three samples:
$\displaystyle y[k] = \frac{1}{3} x[k] + \frac{1}{3} x[k-1] + \frac{1}{3} x[k-2].$ (11.4)
Alternatively, this is an example of exponential smoothing (also called exponentially weighted moving average):
$\displaystyle y[k] = \frac{1}{2} x[k] + \frac{1}{4} x[k-1] + \frac{1}{8} x[k-2] + \frac{1}{16} x[k-3].$ (11.5)
Steven M LaValle 2020-11-11


text:
REPLACE mechanically runs
INSERT. That may change the PRIMARY KEYs.
Here is something else you can do.
Suppose your table is called name_city and it looks like this:
CREATE TABLE name_city
id INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
name VARCHAR(30) NOT NULL,
city VARCHAR(30) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (id)
and you want to do the
LOAD DATA INFILE.
Here are your steps to update the city based on id:
Step 01) Create another table to use for the import
CREATE TABLE name_city_import LIKE name_city;
Step 02) Drop the name column from the import table
ALTER TABLE name_city_import DROP COLUMN name;
Step 03) Perform the import into
LOAD DATA INFILE'somefile.csv' INTO TABLE name_city_import...
Step 04) Perform an UPDATE JOIN
UPDATE name_city_import B
INNER JOIN name_city A USING (id)
SET A.city = B.city;
Step 05) Remove the import table
DROP TABLE name_city_import;
Give it a Try!!!


to water.
 Important: When you spray with higher viscosity (thicker) chemical products or solutions with wettable powders, you may need to use an coarser screen mesh for the optional suction filter; refer to Figure 20.
 g214212
 When you spray at a higher application rate, consider using an courser optional suction-filter mesh; refer to Figure 21.
 g214214
 Selecting a Pressure Filter
 Available screen sizes include:
 Standard Equipment: 50 mesh suction filter (blue)
 Use the pressure filter table to identify the screen mesh for the spray nozzles you are using based on chemicals products or solutions with a viscosity equivalent to water.
 Pressure Filter Table
 Spray Nozzle Color Code (flow rate)Screen Mesh Size*Filter Color Code
 As required for low viscosity chemicals or solutions or low application rates100Green
 Yellow (0.2 gpm)80Yellow
 Red (0.4 gpm)50Blue
 Brown (0.5 gpm)50Blue
 Gray (0.6 gpm)50Blue
 White (0.8 gpm)50Blue
 Blue (1.0 gpm)50Blue
 Green (1.5 gpm)50Blue
 As required for high viscosity chemicals or solutions or high application rates30Red
 As required for high viscosity chemicals or solutions or high application rates16Brown
 *The mesh size of the pressure filters in this table are based on spray chemicals or solutions with the viscosity equivalent to water.
 Important: When you spray with higher viscosity (thicker) chemical products or solutions with wettable powders, you may need to use a coarser screen mesh for the optional pressure-filter; refer to Figure 22.
 g214211
 When you spray at a higher application rate, consider using an courser optional pressure-filter mesh; refer to Figure 23.
 g214240
 Selecting a Nozzle-Tip Filter (Optional)
 Note: The use the optional nozzle-tip filter to protect the spray-nozzle tip and increase its service life.
 Use the nozzle-tip filter table to identify the screen mesh for the spray nozzles you are using based on chemicals products or solutions with a viscosity equivalent to water.
 Nozzle-Tip Filter Table
 Spray Nozzle Color Code (flow rate)Filter Mesh Size*Filter Color Code
 Yellow (0.2 gpm)100Green
 Red (0.4 gpm)50Blue
 Brown (0.5 gpm)50Blue
 Gray (0.6 gpm)50Blue
 White (0.8 gpm)50Blue
 Blue (1.0 gpm)50Blue
 Green (1.5 gpm)50Blue
 *The mesh size of the nozzle filters in this table are based on spray chemicals or solutions with the viscosity equivalent to water.
 Important: When you spray with higher viscosity (thicker) chemical products or solutions with wettable powders, you may need to use a coarser screen mesh for the optional tip-filter; refer to Figure 24.
 g214245
 When you spray at a higher application rate, consider using an courser tip-filter mesh; refer to Figure 25.
 g214245
 Filling the Tanks
 Filling the Fresh-Water Tank
 Important: Do not use reclaimed water (gray water) in the fresh-water tank.
 Note: The fresh-water tank is used to supply a source of fresh water for you to wash chemicals off your skin, eyes, or other surfaces in the case of accidental exposure.
 Always fill the fresh-water tank with clean water before handling or mixing any chemicals.
 - To fill the tank, unscrew the cap at the top of the tank, fill the tank with fresh water, and install the cap (Figure 26).
 - To open the fresh-water tank spigot, turn the lever on the spigot (Figure 26).
 g032530
 Filling the Spray Tank
 Install the optional Chemical Pre-Mix Kit for optimal mixing and exterior tank cleanliness.
 Important: Whenever possible, do not use reclaimed water (gray water) in the spray tank.
 Important: Ensure that the chemicals you use are compatible with Viton™ (see the manufacturer's label; it should indicate if it is not compatible). Using a chemical that is not compatible with Viton will degrade the O-rings in the sprayer, causing leaks.
 Important: The tank-volume markings are for reference only and cannot be considered accurate for calibration.
 1. Stop the machine on a level surface, shut off the engine, remove the key, and engage the parking brake.
 2. Determine the amount of water needed to mix the amount of chemical you need as prescribed by the chemical manufacturer.
 3. Open the tank cover on the spray tank.
 Note: The tank cover is located in the center of the top of the tank. To open it, turn the front half of the cover counterclockwise and swing it open. You can remove the strainer under the tank cover and clean the strainer.
 4. Assemble the fill hose to the quick disconnect fitting of the anti-siphon fill receptacle.
 5. Add 3/4 of the required water to the spray tank (Figure 27).
 Important: Always use fresh, clean water in the spray tank. Do not pour concentrate into an empty tank.
 g191616
 6. Start the engine, engage the parking brake, set the spray-pump switch to the ON position, and move the throttle lever to HIGH IDLE.
 7. Set the agitation switch to the ON position.
 Important: Prior to introducing wettable powders into any Toro Spray System mix the powders in a suitable container with sufficient fresh water to create a free flowing slurry. Failure to do so may result in chemical deposits on the bottom of the tank, degraded agitation, clogging of filters, and improper application rates.Toro recommends using the approved Eductor Kit for this machine. Contact your authorized Toro distributor for more information.
 8. Add the proper amount of chemical concentrate to the tank, as directed by the chemical manufacturer.
 9. Add the remaining water to the tank, remove the fill hose, and close the tank cover.
 Note: To seal the tank, close the cover and rotate the front half clockwise.
 Important: After filling the tank for the first time, check the tank straps for any play. Tighten as necessary.
 Inspecting the Tank Straps
 Maintenance Service IntervalMaintenance Procedure
 Before each use or daily
 - Check the tank straps.
 - Important: Overtightening the tank strap fasteners can result in deforming and damaging the tank and straps.
 Important: Whenever possible, do not use reclaimed water (gray water) in the spray tank.
 1. Fill the main tank with water.
 2. Check to see if there is any movement between the tank straps and the tank (Figure 28).
 g028263
 3. If the tank straps fit loose to the tank, tighten the flanged locknuts and bolts at the top of straps until the straps are flush with the surface of the tank (Figure 28).
 Note: Do not overtighten the tank strap hardware.
 Calibrating the Section-Bypass Valves
 Manual Mode Only
 Important: When operating in application rate mode, you must set the section-bypass valves to the closed position.
 Important: Whenever possible, do not use reclaimed water (gray water) in the spray tank.
 Before using the sprayer for the first time, whenever you change the nozzles, or as needed, calibrate the sprayer flow, speed, and set the section bypass.
 Important: Select an open flat area to perform this procedure.
 Preparing the Machine
 1. Fill the spray tank halfway with clean water.
 2. Lower the spray sections.
 3. Engage the parking brake.
 4. Set the spray control switch to manual.
 5. Set the 3 section switches to the ON position, but leave the master section switch in the OFF position.
 6. Set the spray-pump switch to the ON position, and turn on the agitation.
 7. On the InfoCenter, navigate to the Calibration screen and select Test Speed; refer to Simulating a Test Speed in the Software Guide for the Multi Pro 5800-D and 5800-G turf sprayer with ExcelaRate spray system.
 1. Press buttons 3 or 4 to raise or lower the simulated speed to 5.6 km/h (3.5 mph).
 2. Press button 4 to toggle ON test speed simulation.
 3. Press button 5 to save and exit the TEST SPEED screen.
 Adjusting the Section Bypass Valves
 1. Using the application-rate switch, adjust the application rate according to the table that follows.
 Nozzle Application Rate Table
 Nozzle ColorSI (Metric)EnglishTurf
 Yellow159 L/ha17 gpa0.39 gpk
 Red319 L/ha34 gpa0.78 gpk
 Brown394 L/ha42 gpa0.96 gpk
 Gray478 L/ha51 gpa1.17 gpk
 White637 L/ha68 gpa1.56 gpk
 Blue796 L/ha85 gpa1.95 gpk
 Green1,190 L/ha127 gpa2.91 gpk
 2. Turn off the left-section switch and adjust the section-bypass knob (Figure 29) until the rate displayed is at the previous level according to the table.
 Note: The numbered indicators on the bypass knob and needle are for reference only.
 g191413
 3. Turn on the left-section switch and turn off the right-section switch.
 4. Adjust the right section-bypass knob (Figure 29) until the rate displayed is at the previous level according


text:
Assessing the Evidence: The Effectiveness and Impact of Public Governance-Oriented Multi-Stakeholder Initiatives
Transnational multi-stakeholder initiatives (MSIs) – voluntary partnerships between governments, civil society, and the private sector – are an increasingly prevalent strategy for promoting government responsiveness and accountability to citizens. While most transnational MSIs involve using voluntary standards to encourage socially and environmentally responsible private sector behavior, a handful of these initiatives – the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI), the Construction Sector Transparency Initiative (CoST), the Open Government Partnership (OGP), the Global Initiative on Fiscal Transparency (GIFT) and the Open Contracting Partnership (OCP) – focus on information disclosure and participation in the public sector. Unlike private sector MSIs, which attempt to supplement weak government capacity to enforce basic social and environmental standards through partnerships between businesses and civil society, public sector MSIs ultimately seek to bolster public governance. But how exactly are these MSIs supposed to work? And how much has actually been achieved?
The purpose of this study is to identify and consolidate the current state of the evidence for public governance-oriented MSI effectiveness and impact. Researchers collected over 300 documents and interviewed more than two-dozen MSI stakeholders about their experiences with five public governance oriented multi-stakeholder initiatives.
This report provides a 'snapshot' of the evidence related to these five MSIs, and suggests that the process of leveraging transparency and participation through these initiatives for broader accountability gains remains uncertain. The report highlights the ongoing process of defining MSI success and impact, and how these initiatives intersect with other accountability actors and processes in complex ways. The study closes with key recommendations for MSI stakeholders.


For example: Enter Client Benefit Name.
 3. Copy the text from the second row of an adjacent column.
 4. Paste the text into the second row of the new column.
 5. Replace the copied property name with the property name that you are adding.
 Ensure that you precede the name with a period.
 For example: If you copied {.pxResults().AliasName input} replace .AliasName with .ClientBenefitName in the pasted text.
 6. Repeat these steps for additional properties that you want to add to a template.
 7. Save the file.
 8. On the BinaryFile page, click Upload file.
 9. Repeat steps 4 through 8 for additional properties that belong to different templates.
Adding extended properties to data transforms for PCS Import
When you are bulk uploading entity data but your data includes additional properties that you already added to the Microsoft Excel template, map those properties by using the data transforms that are listed below. For example, if your application has the ClientBenefitName property, to import this property, you need to extend the data transform and set the corresponding property.
Before you begin: Add your properties to the PCS Import template. For additional information, see Adding properties to the PCS Import in this section.
The following data transforms are provided for the mapping:
 - SetBenefitPropertiesForImportExt
 - SetBenefitsetPropertiesForImportExt
 - SetNetworkPropertiesForImportExt
 - SetGrouperPropertiesForImportExt
 1. In the header of Dev Studio, enter and search for SetBenefitPropertiesForImportExt.
 2. On the Data transform page, click the Add a row icon.
 3. In the Action field, click Set.
 4. In the Target field, enter the implementation-layer property.
 For example: Enter ClientBenefitName.
 5. In the Relation field, enter equal to.
 6. In the Source field, enter and click the corresponding property from the Microsoft Excel template, for example, AliasName.
 7. Click Save as and save to your ruleset.
 8. Repeat these steps for properties that are related to the data transforms that are listed above.
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text:
Delegates at the World Radiocommunication Conference 2019 (WRC-19) in Sharm el-Sheikh, Egypt have approved international agreements that will help pave the way for better smart-city transportation.
The agreements at ITU's treaty-making conference on radiocommunications aim to improve traffic management, public transportation systems, road safety, train safety and railway traffic control – among other aspects of transportation that aim to leverage information and communication technologies (ICTs) to make the world's cities safer and 'smarter.'
Specifically, delegates representing governments from across the world have approved a new Recommendation on Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) and a new Resolution on railway radiocommunication systems between train and trackside (RSTT).
The new ITU Recommendation – "Harmonization of frequency bands for evolving Intelligent Transport Systems applications under mobile service allocations" – starts out by laying out some important context regarding the need to harmonize radio-frequency spectrum for ITS.
For instance, it mentions the "need to integrate various technologies, including radiocommunications, into land transportation systems."
It also points out that "many new connected vehicles use intelligent technologies in the vehicles' combined advanced traffic management, advanced traveller information, advanced public transportation management systems and/or advanced fleet management systems to improve traffic management."
The new Recommendation also recognizes that "harmonized spectrum and international standards facilitate worldwide deployment of evolving ITS radiocommunications and provide for economies of scale in bringing evolving ITS equipment and services to the public."
The Recommendation urges government administrations to "consider using globally or regionally harmonized frequency bands or parts thereof, as described in the most recent versions of Recommendations (e.g. ITU R M.2121), when planning and deploying evolving ITS applications."
It also invites ITU Member States and Sector Members to participate actively in and to contribute to ITU Radiocommunication Sector (ITU-R) studies on aspects of ITS and evolving ITS (e.g. connected vehicles, autonomous vehicles, adaptive driver assistance systems), through the ITU R Study Groups.
The new Resolution – "Spectrum harmonization for railway radiocommunication systems between train and trackside (RSTT) within the existing mobile-service allocation" – starts by establishing the social and economic importance of railway transportation, especially for developing countries.
RSTT refers to radiocommunication systems providing improved railway traffic control, passenger safety and improved security for train operations, says the new Resolution, adding that the main categories of applications of RSTT are train radio, train positioning information, train remote and train surveillance.
The Resolution lays out "that spectrum harmonization of train radio application of RSTT may have priority among the four categories of RSTT applications, because train radio application provides for train dispatching, train control and other important railway services which is used to ensure the safety of train operations and passengers, and require high reliability and high quality of services."
The Resolution also says that the implementation of future RSTT "needs to take account of the development of the railway industry."
In addition, the new Resolution states that "there may be a need to integrate different technologies across multiple bands in order to facilitate various functions, for instance dispatching commands, operating control and data transmission, into railway train and trackside systems to also meet the needs of a high-speed railway environment."
The Resolution recognizes that ITU-R is developing a Recommendation to facilitate the spectrum harmonization of current and evolving RSTT.
The Resolution invites ITU-R to continue the development of the Recommendation, preferably finalize it before 2023, and to "further develop and update ITU-R Recommendations/Reports concerning technical and operational implementation of RSTT, as appropriate."
The Resolution also encourages administrations, when planning for their RSTT, to consider ITU-R study results as well as other relevant ITU-R deliverables, with a view to facilitate spectrum harmonization for RSTT, in particular for train radio application.
It also invites administrations to encourage railway agencies and organizations to utilize relevant ITU-R publications in implementing technologies and systems supporting RSTT.
The resolution also mentions, however, that administrations have flexibility to determine how much spectrum to make available for RSTT as well as the conditions for usage at the national level in order to meet their particular national and/or regional requirements.
It also points out that the technologies for RSTT are evolving and international or regional organizations, such as the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), the International Union of Railways (UIC), the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI), the European Union Agency for Railways (ERA), etc., are developing specifications for technologies and new functions to evolve RSTT.


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Health And Wellness Major
College of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) – Department of Food and Nutrition
Successful completion of university and major requirements leads to the Bachelor of Science with a major in Health and Wellness. This major is for students who want a career in fitness, nutrition education, wellness, or foodservice. Students complete core courses in the major and required courses in one concentration: Fitness or Nutrition and Food Studies.
The General Education Requirement
All students must satisfy a general education requirement consisting of ten (10) courses outside of the major department. The General Education Domain II-B (Natural Sciences) and laboratory requirement are satisfied through the completion of the major requirements.
Courses may have specified conditions for enrollment, such as prior completion of less advanced courses, permission of the instructor, or appropriate placement test scores. Students should refer to course descriptions in the department listings for prerequisite requirements.
Health and Wellness Mission Statement
The Food and Nutrition program at Framingham State University provides a course of study that enables students to actively participate in the changing wellness environments. The Health and Wellness major prepares students for careers in health, wellness, fitness, nutrition and food education, or foodservice disciplines.
Health and Wellness Learning Goals and Specific Learning Outcomes:
Learning Goals: The program will
- prepare students for a variety of careers in health, wellness, fitness, food and nutrition education, and foodservice.
- enable students to develop proficiency in relevant technology.
- prepare students to become dedicated life-long learners.
Specific Learning Outcomes: Students will be able to
- describe the principles of health and wellness from a multidimensional and interdisciplinary perspective.
- think and act ethically in the context of health, nutrition and wellness.
- apply management principles to evaluate human, physical, and fiscal resources in organizations.
- demonstrate a variety of communication strategies in health and wellness education.
Additional Fitness concentration Learning Outcomes: Students will be able to
- demonstrate competence in assessing the health-related components of physical fitness.
- develop, implement, and evaluate physical activity programs for apparently healthy individuals and individuals with medical conditions who are cleared for independent physical activity.
- explain the benefits of physical activity and nutrition for health, wellness, length of life, and quality of life.
Additional Nutrition and Food Studies concentration Learning Outcomes: Students will be able to
- interpret and apply nutrition science concepts to improve the health of individuals and communities.
- identify and apply food principles to food and nutrition systems.
Requirements for Major in Health and Wellness:
Major Core Courses (9 courses)
- CHEM 103 Introductory Chemistry (Gen. Ed. Domain II-B, Lab) or
- CHEM 107 Principles of Chemistry (Gen. Ed. Domain II-B, Lab)
- COMM 215 Science Communication or
- ENGL 286 Professional Writing
- HLTH 105 Personal and Community Health
- HLTH 206 Wellness Behavior
- HLTH 326 Drugs, Alcohol, and Addictive Behavior
- NUTR 110 Fundamentals of Nutrition Science
- NUTR 262 Food, Culture, and Society
- NUTR 333 Nutrition and Chronic Disease
- NUTR 482 Management of Food and Nutrition Services
- (Students with a minor in Business can substitute MGMT 381 Human Resource Management)
- BIOL 130 Principles of Biology (Gen. Ed. Domain II-B, Lab) or
- Introductory Biology Course with lab
- BIOL 241 Anatomy and Physiology I with Lab
- BIOL 242 Anatomy and Physiology II with Lab
- MRKT 181 Marketing Principles
- NUTR 271 Nutrition for Sports and Exercise
- HLTH 302 Exercise Physiology
- HLTH 310 Exercise Testing and Prescription
- HLTH 410 Personal Training
- HLTH 495 Internship in Health and Wellness
- One additional HLTH or NUTR course
NOTE: Students completing this concentration have met the academic requirements for a minor in biology.
- BIOL 142 Introduction to Human Biology (Gen. Ed. Domain II-B, Lab) or
- BIOL 235 Principles of Human Physiology with Lab
- CHEM 201 Introductory Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry with Lab or
- CHEM 207 Organic Chemistry I with Lab
- FINA 100 Principles of Financial Literacy (Gen. Ed. Domain II-A)
- NUTR 364 Experimental Study of Food
- NUTR 381 Medical Nutrition Therapy I
- NUTR 384 Foodservice Systems
- NUTR 478 Community Nutrition
- NUTR 495 Internship in Food and Nutrition
- Two additional HLTH or NUTR courses
NOTE: A minor is recommended for students in both concentrations. Suggested minors include:
Fitness: Biology, Business, Marketing, Nutrition, Sports Management, Psychology, Sociology, Communication Arts
Nutrition and Food Studies: Psychology, Sociology, Spanish, Portuguese, Communication Arts


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Getting a criminal record in Ontario can have serious consequences, affecting your ability to find a job, travel abroad, and even get a loan. Fortunately, there are several ways to prevent criminal charges and maintain a clean record. In this article, we will discuss some effective strategies for preventing a criminal record in Ontario.
Understand the Law
One of the most important steps to preventing a criminal record is to educate yourself about the law. Knowing the different laws and regulations in Ontario will help you to avoid actions that could lead to criminal charges. The Criminal Code of Canada is the primary law governing criminal offences in the country. It defines various criminal offences and outlines the punishments for each. Understanding the law can help you to make better decisions and avoid situations that could lead to criminal charges. To ensure a well-rounded educational experience, we suggest this external source packed with supplementary and pertinent data. Delve into this valuable article, discover new viewpoints on the topic covered.
Seek Legal Advice
If you are unsure about the legality of any activity or have been charged with a crime, seeking legal advice can be immensely helpful. A lawyer can help you to understand the charges against you and guide you through the legal process. They can also negotiate plea deals or work to have charges reduced or dropped altogether. Even if you cannot afford a lawyer, you may be eligible for legal aid or other types of free legal assistance. It's important to know your rights and options when facing potential criminal charges.
If you have been charged with a crime, taking responsibility for your actions can go a long way in preventing a criminal record. Showing remorse, making amends, and taking steps to ensure you do not repeat the offence may help to reduce the severity of your charges or even have them withdrawn. It's important to be honest and forthcoming with authorities, as lying or attempting to cover up your actions can make the situation worse.
Avoid Problematic Behaviours
Some behaviours are more likely to result in criminal charges than others. Avoiding these behaviours can help you to maintain a clean record. Some of the most common actions that can lead to criminal charges include drug use or possession, impaired driving, assault, theft, and fraud. If you are struggling with any of these issues, seeking help from a professional or community organization can help you to avoid criminal charges and get the support you need. Interested in further exploring the topic discussed in this article? Learn more from this external source, packed with supplementary and useful information to enhance your reading.
Preventing a criminal record in Ontario is an important goal for anyone who wants to protect their future opportunities and freedoms. By understanding the law, seeking legal advice, taking responsibility for your actions, and avoiding problematic behaviours, you can reduce your risk of criminal charges and maintain a clean record.
Deepen your research with the related links below:


ReliaSpeak™ SEM1
Digital voice encryption, Support for GSM/UMTS voice, VoLTE,
and VoIP encrypted calls
How is encrypted call implemented?
ReliaSpeak™ Crypto Phone integrates ReliaSpeak™ digital voice encryption technology. During encrypted calls, it first compresses and encrypts the user's voice, and uses advanced AMSI modulation technology to convert the encrypted digital voice stream into an analog audio signal, which is then handed over to the telephone program for speech coding and cellular network communication, thereby, implements a source-level end-to-end encrypted call that is independent of the voice channel.
SECURE COMMUNICATION privacy protection
Protecting against cellular network eavesdropping and Trojan eavesdropping
Using your own Cryptographic Algorithms
Meets your specific security requirement
Customer can develop all security solutions including key management, key exchange, encryption algorithm, etc.
We provided a framework, API documentation, and some executable source code. Customer only needs to develop a corresponding system service or apps according to the provided program framework and run it in the specified path to implement algorithm replacement.
Customers can verify whether the voice is encrypted by their own key and algorithm through a simple communication test.
Encrypted calls anytime, anywhere
Whenever and wherever you are, you can find a suitable way to make encrypted calls, including 2G/3G cellular voice, VoLTE or public VoIP
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General Parameters
Encrypted calls function
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text:
Knowledge Base - Technical Articles
Error:.ORA-06553: PLS-306: wrong number or types of arguments in call to 'SDO_AGGR_MBR
".ORA-06553: PLS-306: wrong number or types of arguments in call to 'SDO_AGGR_MBR'"
Solution or Workaround
Using a SQL client such as SQL*Plus, execute the CREATE INDEX statement. Provide a name for the spatial index, the name of the ST_Geometry column, grid sizes, and spatial reference ID.
The following example creates a spatial index named crm_idx on a table named cult_rcs, which contains an ST_Geometry named shape. One grid level is used (size=10) and the spatial reference ID is 1.
create index crm_idx on cult_rcs(shape)
indextype is sde.st_spatial_index
Once the spatial index exists, proceed with registering the table with ArcSDE using the sdetable -o register command, or altering the table's registration using the sdetable -o alter_reg command. Consult the ArcSDE Administration Command Reference provided with ArcGIS Server Enterprise for correct syntax and usage of these commands.
Last Modified: 11/25/2009


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Demonslayer is a famed two-handed sword, its primary function as clear as its name. It was brought down to Exile in the First Expedition, wielded by Karzoth (whose name literally means "Demon-Slayer" in a debased version of Soruharva). When the First Visitation failed, Karzoth was slain by a Haakai, and Demonslayer broke into three parts. The hilt was taken by the Nepharim, the blade by the Dark Slithzerikai, and the tip by the lich Drath to his crypt in the west. After the Kingdom of Avernum was established, the three pieces were eventually found again by Hawthorne's Assassins and reforged by Boutell. It was used by adventurers to defeat Adze-Haakai and to finally banish the power of Grah-Hoth. It also figured in a prominent role in both the assault on Garzahd during the Empire-Avernum War and the assault on Rentar-Ihrno during the Vahnatai retribution.
In the first Avernum game, Efram in Silvar (Or, alternatively, his wife, Anastasia, who will tell you to speak to him about it), will tell you about the existance of this sword, and how it was taken by a group of adventurers, and that noone knows the location of this sword anymore.


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Topic: Practical help in using the Kalman Filter (Read 2261 times) previous topic - next topic
There does not seem to be a clear forum for this question so I hope this place will do.
I have a robot that wanders around my garden. It gets given where it starts and where it is to go to and with the help of a compass it does a reasonable job of doing so. When it gets there it gets given another target and so on.With the other things it is doing it reads the compass and adjusts its direction about 5 times a second. It is a simple matter of using the speed (which is only estimated from the motor speed) to workout where it has moved to and what direction it has now to go in. I have not yet bothered with trying to detect wheel speed because the intrinsic odometer process by itself is just not accurate enough in the long term.
This is fine as far as it goes but if it is not to fall into the pond or the stream it needs to become more accurate.
So now I have added a GPS, and after much reading I am ready to integrate it into the system using a Kalman Filter.
The GPS reports every second. It is supposed to be able to do up to 10Hz but then the differential GPS does not work and the result is less accurate.
So what do I feed in?
I initially got hung up on thinking that I should in some way feed in all the inputs that have been made but there does not seem to be any point. So one solution is just to alter the A matrix every step so that it takes the previous (X,Y) and gives the new (X,Y) one second later.Use the GPS (X,Y) to compare and calculate.(The A matrix is the one that calculates the state transfer from t to t+1)
Alternatively I could fix the Matrix A and incorporate velocity. I could calculate an Xvel and Yvel and use those. Again use the GPS (X,Y) to compare and calculate (no reading for velocity).
I think the two above alternatives are actually the same.
An alternative is to calculate a velocity and direction and use the velocity and direction the GPS reports and use an ordinary Kalman filter to combine.
Similar would be to use the Extended Kalman filter to combine GPS velocity and Direction to give (X,Y)
This may catch the relationship that exists between the X and Y coods
Finally as the GPS velocity and direction are calculated in a completely seperate way from the GPS X,Y position using the Doppler effect on the signal frequencies, using the GPS position or the GPS vel,dir will give different answers. (ie if you start from a known position and move then the new position calculated from the GPS velocity and direction will not be the same as the GPS X,Y )
Assuming there is additional information in each of the methods, how do I combine the two answers to get a better result?
Using each of the calculated Kalman gains I could adjust the answer twice? Or should I average the Kalman Gains or What?
Here are a few other things that I have discovered and would like comments on.
I am using the Adafruit Ultimate GPS. It reports a time in exact seconds ie 12 hours 34mins 56.000sec.
Does anybody know if this IS the exact time that the measuremens were taken or is it a rounded time. An error in time
of up to 0.5sec is quite a lot.
From inspecting the readings of the GPS it may be random over a long time but in the short term (10 - 20 secs) it goes walkabout. I have seen this on some published traces on the internet so I do not think it is my particlular instrument. Has anybody found a way to cope with this?
Again from inspecting the readings from the GPS and the robot there seems to be a lag af about 2sec between where the robot reports and where the GPS reports. How have other people dealt with this given that I do not have a highly accurate clock on board?
Thank you for any comment you can make about your experiences.
Go Up


Zenu Triangles Bracelet
Geometric decoration consisting of lines, circles, triangles and spirals were found in deep tombs of important dignitaries. In a society which sought to trascend to other levels of conscience through shamanism, the light effects and the sensation of movement as they rotated this patterns, must have induced to special mental states during ceremonies and rituals.
This astonshing bracelet was made from the Zenu tradition findings.


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On 04 May 2023, Ambassador Cecilia Attard-Pirotta, accompanied by First Secretary at the Embassy Mr Charles Calleja, paid a visit to the offices of Mano Maritime in Haifa to learn more about the company's operations and its role in the maritime industry. The Ambassador was welcomed by Mr Moran Mano, Vice President of Mano Maritime, who provided her with an overview of the company's history, operations, and its contribution to the development of the maritime industry in the region.
Mano Maritime, a leading cruise and shipping company, can trace its roots in Israel from before the country's independence in 1948 and has since expanded its operations to include cruise ships, cargo vessels, and port services. The company operates in the Mediterranean, the Black Sea, and the Red Sea. During her visit, the Ambassador was given a tour of the company's offices and facilities, including company's flagship cruise liner the Crown Iris at the port of Haifa. The Ambassador also met with key personnel from different departments, including sales and operations.
The visit by the Maltese Ambassador to Mano Maritime underscores the importance of promoting trade and investment between Malta and Israel and highlights the potential for further collaboration between the two countries in the maritime industry. As a testimony of the growing cooperation, The Crown Iris is also expected to make several stops in Valletta during 2023.


text:
MIT Course Number
As Taught In
Practical Leadership is an interactive seminar where students receive repeated coaching and real-time feedback on their own leadership capabilities from their peers and the instructor. The course is structured around a set of readings. However, the key component is each student's own self-assessment. These self-assessments are done by the students in the first week of the semester. The areas for improvement that the students identify are then targeted in the weekly role plays that are customized for each student in the class. The goal of the class is for each student to increase his or her own leadership abilities through an ongoing cycle of practice, feedback and reflection.


Medical centres often show promotional videos in waiting rooms to help spread awareness about a centre's services, vaccinations, medical alerts and health related topics.
When a centre does this, it really needs to ensure that everyone has equal access to the spoken information by using open captions in the videos.
By providing open captions in videos, there is more chance people will understand the messages. Open captions ensures that people who can't hear the TV sound, including those people who are deaf or have reduced hearing, can read along and receive the same information in the video content.
This is an inclusive approach.
So what are you waiting for? Press Play on Accessibility
Contact Universal Captions for more information.
Universal Captions example - Medical pathology.png


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This section will describe the following:
- Scale Types
What the different axis scales offer.
Controlling numeric and time tick intervals.
- Scale Range
Controlling the axis scale start, end, and range.
- Scale Breaks
Using scale breaks.
- Scale Influentials
Allow axis markers and custom axis tick to influence axis scale ranges.
Axis scales dictate more than just the values on an axis. They also specify element behavior such as stacked, or FullStacked. The options for the Scale enumeration include:
Between numeric and time scales,.netCHARTING will automatically set the appropriate scale so it does not always need to be specified explicitly. Scales such as Stacked or FullStacked only apply to axes on which the element y values are plotted because these are the values that are stacked. For example with a combo chart, the Chart.YAxis would be the one to specify a stacked scale.
Other properties that control the scale include:
specifies the logarithmic base of intervals.
A '%' sign will be added to the end of tick labels and the axis maximum will snap to 100% if the plotted data's range falls between 50 and 100.
reverses the sequence of a scale.
Intervals come in two flavors, numeric, and time. The latter is more complicated so we'll tackle numeric first.
Controlling the interval is a simple concept. You can specify a numeric interval using code such as:
Chart.YAxis.Interval = 5;
Chart.YAxis.Interval = 5
This will force an interval at every five numeric units. Other interval related properties include:
Specifies the minimum numeric interval.
TIP: This allows you to prevent the axis scale from using intervals that are smaller than a single unit of your data. For example a chart showing votes and the maximum number being 3 may show intervals at.5 which are not desired.
Specifies the maximum number of ticks to generate.
The basic time interval is controlled with the Axis.TimeInterval property
Axis.TimeInterval = TimeInterval.Week;
Axis.TimeInterval = TimeInterval.Week
Advanced time interval
A more complex time interval is also available and can be specified through the Axis.TimeIntervalAdvanced property.
Using the advanced time interval version allows you to specify an interval multiplier. For example we can have an interval every 4 days or 2 weeks etc.
Axis.TimeIntervalAdvanced.Multiplier = 2;
Axis.TimeIntervalAdvanced.Multiplier = 2
Custom time span
A completely custom time span can be used as a time interval.
Axis.TimeIntervalAdvanced.TimeSpan = new TimeSpan(10,5,3);
Axis.TimeIntervalAdvanced.TimeSpan = New TimeSpan(10,5,3)
Custom start time
An interval can also start at any given time. These times can be specified through the following properties:
The month of year at which this interval initially occurs. Value ranges from zero indicating January, to eleven, indicating December.
The day of the week at which this interval initially occurs. Value ranges from zero indicating Sunday, to six, indicating Saturday.
A DateTime object representing the time instant at which this interval initially occurs. The value of this DateTime structure can be specific down to the millisecond.
The scale's numeric, time, and category axis boundaries can be specified using the Axis.ScaleRange property. New in version 5.0, the scale range can also represent a range on a category axis.
Chart.YAxis.ScaleRange.ValueHigh = 100;
Chart.YAxis.ScaleRange.ValueLow = 2;
Chart.YAxis.ScaleRange.ValueHigh = new DateTime(2000,12,1);
Chart.YAxis.ScaleRange.ValueLow = new DateTime(2000,1,1);
Chart.YAxis.ScaleRange.ValueHigh = 100
Chart.YAxis.ScaleRange.ValueLow = 2
Chart.YAxis.ScaleRange.ValueHigh = New DateTime(2000,12,1)
Chart.YAxis.ScaleRange.ValueLow = New DateTime(2000,1,1)
Providing a single high or low value without its counterpart is also permitted.
YAxis.ScaleRange.ValueLow = 2;
YAxis.ScaleRange.ValueLow = 2;
|Note: Numeric intervals start at zero, therefore, if the minimum value doesn't land on an interval there may be a gap between the scale's edge and the first axis tick.|
Category Axis Scale Ranges
New in version 5.0, the scale range can also represent a category axis range. It can achieved in two ways. The axis tick label text can be used to specify the range. The other way is to use a zero-based indexes to reference the axis ticks. For example, if there are 10 axis ticks they can be referenced using a numeric index of [0-9]. This code demonstrates the two methods.
// Using names. Chart.XAxis.ExtraTicks.Add(new AxisTick("Element 1", "Element 3", "Range")); // Using indexes. Chart.XAxis.ExtraTicks.Add(new AxisTick(0, 2, "Range"));
' Using names. Chart.XAxis.ExtraTicks.Add(New AxisTick("Element 1", "Element 3", "Range"))'Using indexes. Chart.XAxis.ExtraTicks.Add(New AxisTick(0, 2, "Range"))
Time Scale Padding
Time scale ranges can be padded with an equal amount of time on either side of the plotted data to produce the final range. This is achieved using Axis.TimePadding.
Chart.XAxis.TimePadding = TimeSpan.FromDays(10);
Chart.XAxis.TimePadding = TimeSpan.FromDays(10)
Scale breaks are discontinuities in an axis' scale. They are useful in the following scenarios:
- When there is a large difference between low and high element values.
- When element value variations are much smaller than the scale range.
- When specific days of a week should be excluded in the scale, for example, weekends are not needed in financial charts. Scale breaks can work with a calendar pattern in this case.
For the first two cases, the chart engine can automatically generate a scale break by setting Axis.SmartScaleBreak to true.
Scale breaks are added manually like so:
Axis.ScaleBreaks.Add( new ScaleRange(0,50) );
//Or for time:
Axis.ScaleBreaks.Add( new ScaleRange(new DateTime(2000,1,1), new DateTime(2000,12,1) ) );
Axis.ScaleBreaks.Add( New ScaleRange(0,50) )
'Or for time:
Axis.ScaleBreaks.Add( New ScaleRange(New DateTime(2000,1,1), New DateTime(2000,12,1) ) )
Scale Break Styles
A number of options are available to achieve the scale break style your charts require. The style can be set with the ScaleBreakStyle enumeration at the axis level as shown below.
Chart.YAxis.ScaleBreakStyle = ScaleBreakStyle.ZigZag;
Chart.YAxis.ScaleBreakStyle = ScaleBreakStyle.ZigZag
Objects that inherit from ScaleRange, such as AxisMarker and AxisTicks are able to influence the axis' scale range. For instance, a chart showing bandwidth usage over a period of time with an axis marker representing the bandwidth limit may have elements that will never reach or even come close to the limit marker's value. Because of this, the limit marker will not be visible on the chart; however, if AxisMarker.IncludeInAxisScale is true, the marker will tell the axis scale range to encompass its value.
Objects that can influence axis scales are:


3 definitions by GrammarNut
Top Definition
An oxymoron. Before one receives a degree, one is an undergraduate (has not graduated). Upon receiving a degree that person becomes a graduate, therefore one can't hold a degree and be an undergraduate. Degrees earned after ones bacelor degree are called graduate degrees, which seems to have led to the mistaken notion that a bachelor degree should be called an "undergraduate degree".
He graduated last year with an undergraduate degree.
by grammarnut December 13, 2010
The belief system that embraces the following tenets:
1. All Republicans are always right about everything.
2. All Democrats are always wrong about everything.
The opposite of thoughtful discourse. See Beckism.
Similar to McCarthyism. Simply substitute "Liberal" for "Communist".
The oversimplification of any opinion is typical of Limbaughism.
by GrammarNut October 18, 2010
The plural of medium. It should never be used as a singular. The sentence "The media is biased" is grammatically similar to "The dogs is barking" or "The children is playing". Radio is a communications medium, a newspaper is a medium, etc. Collectively they are called "The Media".
The media are biased.
DVD and Blu-Ray are my favorite video media.
by GrammarNut October 18, 2010
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