How an Electric Monitor Can Help Save Money
If you are looking to save money on your electric bill, you may want to try using an electric monitor. The electric monitor promises that you can save up to 20% on your electric bill without having to sacrifice any comfort you enjoy in your home. Does it sound too good to be true? Well, let's take a look at how it works and see if these promises are fact or fiction.
The Electric Monitor and How it Works
Efergy Elite 4.0 Wireless Electricity Monitor
Originally posted at Amazon
So what exactly does the electric monitor do? And, how can an electric monitor can help save money? Well, it monitors your electricity! You might argue that your electric meter already does that, and it does…but the nice thing about the monitor is it displays the amount of energy you are using in real time, on screen. That way you have easy access to this information round the clock.
The monitor is easy to use. It has two parts, one that fits over the mains live supply of your electric meter and the other is the part that stays in your home and gives you your read out. Here are some general instructions on how to set up your meter:
 1. Install batteries in both parts. (Some models are powered by the mains and do not need batteries).
 2. Setup date, time and current billing charge per kWh.
 3. Clip the monitoring part onto the live mains cable that feeds the fuse box from your meter.
 4. Synchronize both parts of the kit using the buttons provided.
 5. Place the unit in a convenient location.
There are several ways to set up your monitor to obtain your usage information. Updated information reaches the monitor in intervals which may range from 6-8 seconds. You can choose to view a breakdown of this information by cost, carbon footprint, kWh, etc. You can also receive updates on the cost of electricity per hour, or per 24-hour period.
How The Electric Monitor Can Help You Save Money
So now you have your kit installed, and it is telling you how much energy you are consuming. But how does one use this information to save money? Well, according to those who use the device, the electric monitor is pretty effective at doing its job. Read on to find out why.
 - The electric monitor provides information about the current trends in electricity use and rates so you can take action to cut back immediately if a particular rate is on the rise.
 - It helps you determine what appliances in your house are consuming the most electricity and cut down on usage if possible.
 - It may be able to alert you as to when a particular item or appliance has been left on. This will only happen if the monitor is easy for family members to view. You may want to consider this when choosing a monitor for your home and go for one that has an easy to read display and one that can be positioned somewhere where it is visible.
 - If you are in the habit of leaving lights on, an updated view of how much money you are spending by leaving those lights on may make you more aware of usage and more likely to turn those lights off. If your display is set for a 24 hour reading, you can really see how your costs are adding up.
How An Electric Monitor Can Help You Make an Informed Choice in Purchasing Light Bulbs
Electric monitors can also help you make money saving purchases. When you are purchasing light bulbs in a store, there is no certain way of knowing how long that bulb will last. There is a half life listed on the packaging, but it's impossible to determine how accurate this is without actually using the bulb.
There are other factors that might add to the cost of what might, on the surface, seem to be an energy saving bulb. Energy saving bulbs may not give off as much light. Also, some bulbs may not work with your lighting equipment, which will require you to use an adapter. By using an electrical monitor, you will be able to tell which light, (and therefore light bulbs) are using the most electricity and you'll be able to make money saving choices in the future. Some who have used an electric monitor have found eco-halogen bulbs to be a wise choice.
Other Money Saving Tips
Effective Electric MonitorAnother device that can be helpful into saving you money on your electric bill is an electronic barometer that can read indoor humidity and temperature. These devices give you information on whether a chill in the air is caused by a nosedive temperature or just a temporary fluctuation that is outside of the ambient range. This can prevent residents from turning up heat unnecessarily.
What To Consider When Buying an Electric Monitor
There are certain things you should consider when making a purchasing decision for an electric monitor. One thing you must think about is whether you will need a three phase or a single phase system. This depends on the current electric power in your home. Make sure you determine this information before purchasing.
You also want to consider the amount of amps that are used by the system. The number of amps supported by each system can vary. It's a good idea to find a system that has high accuracy and reliable consumption data. You also want to look for a monitor that is compact in size, cost effective, compatible worldwide, can work with a wide input voltage range and is easy to install.
Consider the communication protocols of the monitor. Choosing a smart power meter with compatible communication protocol can be the key in getting the system up and running. You may also want to look for features that allow you to upload stored data to your computer so you can compare trends over time.
An electric monitor can be a valuable tool helping homeowners to save money. However, it is important for owners to familiarize themselves with the ways electric monitors can be most helpful and which features they should look for to make these most effective for their households. Once you learn this information, you can make an intelligent choice in buying one, which will surely pay for itself over time.


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[ODE] Destroying Body before Geom
cwosborn at nps.edu
Wed Oct 19 18:45:17 MST 2005
How does one correctly destroy a body before the geom associated with
it? I have a base class with a dGeomID and a derived class with a
dBodyID. Since the derived classes destructor is called first,
dBodyDestroy is called before dGeomDestroy.
This results in a access violation in collision_kernel.cpp:
dxGeom *dGeomGetBodyNext (dxGeom *geom)
return geom->body_next; //right here, where geom is a bad pointer
I've tried calling dGeomSetBody(mGeomID, 0) prior to dBodyDestory,
hoping to decouple the two. But then it dies in dxGeom::bodyRemove().
More information about the ODE

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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QS world university rankings
Lancaster Environment Centre confirms its world leading place with Geography and Environmental science featuring in this year's QS subject rankings.
Geographer wins top teaching award
A geography lecturer is recognised for her "outstanding" teaching on the field course she created to study the management of water in her Croatian homeland.
Free online course on food security
New free "massive" online course explores how we can feed an extra two billion people by 2050.
Forests of the future research
Human impact in two of the world's most diverse habitats could be much greater than previously thought.
Studying water management in the Mediterranean
Conversations with experts and local children, field observations and beautiful views, good food and company, offered a multitude of perspectives during a fascinating field trip to Istria, according to third year Geography student Jamie Quinlan.Read article

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


SQL Cache Dependency in ASP.NET
It is containing all topics related to Visual Basic, .NET Framework, Web Resource, GDI etc.
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SQL Cache Dependency in ASP.NET
Postby Ladva Nidhi » Thu Oct 16, 2014 3:05 am
What is SQL Cache Dependency in ASP.NET?
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Re: SQL Cache Dependency in ASP.NET
Postby Guest » Fri Jul 31, 2015 10:05 am
SqlCacheDependency class to create a cache item dependency on a table or row in a database. When a change occurs in the table or in a specific row, the item that has a dependency is invalidated and removed from the cache. You can set a dependency on a table in Microsoft SQL Server 7.0, SQL Server 2000, and SQL Server 2005. If you are using SQL Server 2005 you can also set a dependency on a specific record.
Using caching with a SQL dependency can dramatically increase application performance in certain scenarios. For example, imagine you are building an e-commerce application that displays product information from a database. Without caching, your application must request the data from the database each time a user wants to view a product. You could cache the product information for a day at a time, ensuring fast response times because the product information is already in memory. However, if product information changes, the cached product information might then be out of sync with the data for up to a day.
Using SQL cache dependency, you could cache your product information and create a dependency on a database table or row change. When the data changes—and only then—the cache items based on that data are invalidated and removed from the cache. The next time you request that item from the cache, if it is not in the cache, you can re-add the updated version to the cache and be assured that you have the latest data.
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97 Orchard: An Edible History of Five Immigrant Families in One New York Tenement
In 97 Orchard, Jane Ziegelman explores the culinary life that was the heart and soul of New York's Lower East Side around the turn of the twentieth centurya city within a city, where Germans, Irish, Italians, and Eastern European Jews attempted to forge a new life. Through the experiences of five families, all of them residents of 97 Orchard Street, she takes readers on a vivid and unforgettable tour, from impossibly cramped tenement apartments down dimly lit stairwells where children played and neighbors socialized, beyond the front stoops where immigrant housewives found respite and company, and out into the hubbub of the dirty, teeming streets.
Ziegelman shows how immigrant cooks brought their ingenuity to the daily task of feeding their families, preserving traditions from home but always ready to improvise. While health officials worried that pushcarts were unsanitary and that pickles made immigrants too excitable to be good citizens, a culinary revolution was taking place in the streets of what had been culturally an English city. Along the East River, German immigrants founded breweries, dispensing their beloved lager in the dozens of beer gardens that opened along the Bowery. Russian Jews opened tea parlors serving blintzes and strudel next door to Romanian nightclubs that specialized in goose pastrami. On the streets, Italian peddlers hawked the cheese-and-tomato pies known as pizzarelli, while Jews sold knishes and squares of halvah. Gradually, as Americans began to explore the immigrant ghetto, they uncovered the array of comestible enticements of their foreign-born neighbors. 97 Orchard charts this exciting process of discovery as it lays bare the roots of our collective culinary heritage.
About the Author
Jane Ziegelman is the director of the Tenement Museum's culinary center and the founder and director of Kids Cook!, a multiethnic cooking program for children. Her writing on food has appeared in numerous publications, and she is the coauthor of Foie Gras: A Passion. She lives in Brooklyn, New York.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


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The spray computer is a handy tool to accurately spray the desired amount of coating on the deck.
By measuring the driving speed of the machine and the current spraying volume, the amount of liters per hectare is calculated.
If the actual ltr / Ha deviates from the desired amount, the speed of the machine will be adjusted, so that the desired result is achieved. It also shows how much m2 has been covered and the total number of liters consumed.
– Printing the total m2, used liters and average liters per hectare
– Readout of the measured pressure on the spray boom
Curious about the possibilities? Contact us.


Breaking Down the Double Stroke Roll
(This Article was published in the most recent issue of Percussive Notes (Vol 39 No 4), and is reprinted on the Rudimental Webpage by permission of John Wooton.)
Each year the marching percussion area hosts an individuals competition at the Percussive Arts International Convention. There are several categories in which to compete including snare drum, multi-tenor drums, mallet keyboards, multiple percussion, and timpani. There is high school competition and college competition in each of those categories. In the snare drum category the participants are required to break down a long double stroke roll and one other undisclosed rudiment, which is chosen by the judges at the beginning of the competition. The flam paradiddle is usually chosen in the college competition because it is the most difficult rudiment to control at various tempi. However, the flam paradiddle will not be discussed in this article, but perhaps in a later issue. The only limitation rule for the roll is that it has to be done within a minute.
Drum Corps International used to require that competitors in the snare drum and tenor drum categories play a roll break-down as well as a flam paradiddle break-down. The maximum time for the roll was two minutes and the minimum was one minute. The roll also had to accelerate in the same amount of time it decelerated. Judges would time the roll from the beginning to the peak and then from the end of the peak to when the roll ended. If the two times were not within five seconds of each other, the individual\rquote s score was effected. Three tenths of a point were deducted for every second beyond the allotted five seconds. Penalties were also given for going over two minutes or under one minute.
Although these rules are not used in the PAS competition, the judges are very aware of the differences between the two halves of the roll break-down. Several judges keep track with a stop watch to see who has a balanced roll (acceleration - deceleration) and who does not. PAS does not have a minimum required time on the roll, but I suggest that you use as much of the given minute as possible.
The roll break-down is an advanced technique. Beginners should not attempt or practice this technique until they have mastered the double stroke roll at various tempi. The beginner should practice at steady tempi beginning with a medium to slow double stroke. Once they understand the double stroke roll, they should practice their roll on a soft surface, such as a pillow or their leg. The individual is required to use wrist and fingers because the surfaces do not throw the stick back. This will build strength in the wrist and fingers and will eventually allow the individual to play a more even double stroke roll. Do not allow beginners to play on kevlar heads that are tightened very high. Drummers that practice on hard surfaces do not develop wrist and finger strength. What happens is that the player relies on the bounce from the tension of the head and no longer uses wrist and fingers to produce an even roll. As a result, the roll becomes uneven and gritty sounding. I should also mention that kevlar heads that are torqued very high will cause tendinitis in the hand and elbow.
There are a few common errors that people make when breaking down a roll. The first error comes at the transitional point when the player starts to bounce the diddle. The difference in the no rebound stroke (staccato stroke) and the rebound stroke (legato stroke) creates a different sound and is very noticeable. To prevent this, eliminate the transition. Play the roll at the slow tempi the same way you would play them at the fast tempi. This also applies to any rudiment you are playing. You can approach any instrument with this concept. I require the same of my mallet keyboard students. They have to play passages at slow tempi the same way they would play them at fast tempi.
Start the roll with both sticks up in raised position. Use a full turn of the wrist and a slight raise of the forearm. Sticks should be raised so that they are perpendicular with the drum head. After each stroke, let the stick bounce back to this position. This is also called the legato stroke, even though it is impossible to play legato on a marching snare drum.
Do not force the stick into the head. When starting the roll and ending the roll at slow tempi, the stick will stop in between each stroke at the top of the stroke. Do not force the stick to stop at the bottom of the stroke or near the drum head. As the tempo increases, the diddles begin to flow naturally with no stopping between strokes. You want to start out your roll with a high stick height because at the slower tempi you have more time between notes, so you need more space. As the tempo increases, lower your stick heights. Do the same in reverse when slowing down the roll.
Another common error competitors make is trying to play the roll too fast. Do not play the roll so fast that it changes the sound or evenness of the roll. At your peak, the roll should still be smooth and even. If you have to start pumping your arms and locking your wrist to get the roll out, then you are going too fast and your sound will change. I suggest finding the fastest tempo you can play a roll and then setting your peak at ten beats per minute slower than your maximum. This will assure you of having a nice even roll during your peak.
Quality and consistency of sound is most important when breaking down a roll.In the past several years of judging the PAS snare drum individuals competition, I have never penalized anyone for going overtime on their roll. They seem to be in a hurry to get it over with. However, I do recall several competitors finishing their roll within 20 seconds. Although there is no rule regarding a minimum time, it is better to go overtime then to use less than half of your allotted time. This usually happens because the second half of the roll, the slow down, happens too quickly. Control the roll and try to take up the entire minute. This will allow you to show how much control you have over the roll, slow or fast.
Make sure that you slow down the roll at the same rate you speed up. It would be safe to say that 9 out of 10 drummers I hear play a roll break-down slow down the roll faster then they speed it up. Time yourself and make sure that both sides are even. For a one minute roll I would suggest the following guide line:
Accelerate 23 seconds
 Peak 8 seconds
 Decelerate 23 seconds
 Total 54 seconds (6 seconds left over)
Start your roll with a single right hand stroke (RLLRRLLRRLLRRLL) and end with a single left hand stroke to make your roll perfectly symmetrical. Starting with one stroke gives the illusion that the second note of the diddle is the downbeat. Not only does this help you put more importance on the second note of the diddle, but the listener also hears the second note as the strong beat.
If you would like the timing of your roll to be as exact as possible, I suggest that you count each stroke. This may seem a bit analytical, but it works. To make sure that you are slowing down your roll at the same rate you speed it up, play the same amount of notes on either side. Below is the system I use for a one minute roll. Count Out:
11 quarter notes (speeding up)
10 counts of eighth notes
10 counts of sixteenth notes
10 counts of thirty-second notes
10 counts of thirty-second notes (peak)
10 counts of thirty-second notes (slowing down)
10 counts of sixteenth notes
10 counts of eighth notes
11 counts of quarter notes
Eleven is used because the first note of the roll is a single stroke. An odd number gets you back to the first note of the diddle being on the downbeat. There should not be a seam between transition from quarter notes to eighth notes, eighth notes to sixteenth notes and so on. The roll should gradually increase in tempo even though you will be counting in different groupings.
The difficult part is doing this at the same rate in the second half of the roll as you did in the first half. Use the transitions from the different groupings as a reference. Remember how fast your diddles are during transitions from quarter notes to eighths and so on. Try to play the roll at the same speed during those transitions, both speeding up and slowing down. You can change the counting to customize your own roll.
And finally, do not end your roll with a rim shot. The last note should be the same volume and same intensity as the rest of the roll. Besides, his is extremely annoying.
Good luck and when in doubt, roll.
 John Wooton
John Wooton is Director of Percussion Studies at the University of Southern Mississippi and
a member of the PAS Marching Committee.


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NOVA Gas Transmission Ltd. Towerbirch Expansion Project
The proposed NOVA Gas Transmission Ltd. Towerbirch Expansion project (Towerbirch) consists of the construction of 87 km of new gas pipelines and associated facilities in northwest Alberta and northeast British Columbia.
The Towerbirch project was subject to an environmental assessment by the NEB under the Canadian Environmental Assessment Act, 2012 and a review by the NEB under the National Energy Board Act. The National Energy Board will submit a recommendation report to the Minister of Natural Resources by the end of September 2016.
To guide its decision-making on the NEB recommendation, the Government of Canada are taking the following three measures in accordance with principles announced in January 2016.
- Undertake deeper consultations with Indigenous peoples
The Crown recognizes that Indigenous groups are partners in developing Canada's resources and is committed to fulfilling its duty to consult in a meaningful and responsive manner. Following the release of the recommendations report by the NEB, the Major Projects Management Office will lead whole-of-government consultations with Indigenous groups on the report, and the project. The MPMO will also take stock of any outstanding concerns Indigenous groups may have with respect to the project.
Budget 2016 approved $16.5 million over three years, starting in 2016–17, to the National Energy Board, Natural Resources Canada and Transport Canada to support public and Indigenous participation in enhanced consultations related to this project and other projects undergoing reviews by the National Energy Board and to support Crown consultations with Indigenous peoples. Funding provided to the National Energy Board will be fully cost-recovered from industry.
- Facilitate further public engagement
To help facilitate expanded public input on the Towerbirch project, an online questionnaire is available for anyone who wishes to provide views on the project.
- Assess the upstream greenhouse gas emissions associated with this project and make this information public
Environment and Climate Change Canada is conducting an upstream greenhouse gas assessment for the Towerbirch project, a draft of which will be posted for public comment during the fall of 2016. After review and consideration of public comments, a final assessment will be posted.
For more information on this process please contact _EMAIL_
- Date modified:


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The South Shore East Trail has another hurdle to clear.
The trail has been partially funded through a grant obtained by the village. The grant, however, requires the trail connect the village to Lion's Community Park, which means a pedestrian bridge has to be built over a feeder creek between the village and the park.
A couple of months ago, village officials came to the conclusion it would be more cost effective to connect the village with Lion's Community Park by using an existing stone archway over a narrower part of the creek. Using the existing bridge would also reduce the chances of damaging wetlands along the river.
The village hired QPK to assess the soundness of the bridge. According to Baldwinsville Highway Superintendent Claude Sykes, QPK determined the stone arch was not worth saving or reconstructing. Instead, QPK plans to span the bridge with another bridge and use piles for support. Sykes also said the trail would require construction of another bridge over a washed out area in the right of way.
Trustee Joe Saraceni confirmed saying, "There is a section of 70 feet that is missing."
The village still needs permission from National Grid to use the right of way. The estimated cost for both bridges was $120,000.
Other Boards in brief
Students may design village property
The village may have the opportunity to utilize 24 interior design students to design a plan for the old Harrington Firehouse and surrounding area.
According to Trustee Joe Saraceni, Peter Crissey of Crissey Architectural Group teaches a course at Syracuse University at the School of Interior Design. Crissey offered to have each student create a plan as part of a class project. The project would be free of cost for the village and would provide 24 different concepts of the area.
If the village decides to take the offer, Saraceni said Crissey's class next semester would tackle the project with results sometime in late January.
Planning board vacancy filled
Robin Augello was appointed by Mayor Dan O'Hara to fill a Baldwinsville planning board vacancy. Augello also serves as a member of the Architectural Review Board for the village.
For more Baldwinsville news, check out the Baldwinsville Messenger.


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Rwanda's non-revenue water loss stands at 44 percent – Rwanda Utilities Regulatory Authority (RURA) Report on water and Sanitation has revealed.
The RURA Statistics as of March 2020 indicates that Rwanda is losing 44 percent of water supplied within different networks before it reaches the customers mainly due to leakages, illegal connections, road construction, metering inaccuracies, meter bursts, meter blocks, natural disasters and water theft by moving meters.
According to RURA, 12.9 million cubic meters of water was supplied into the network between December 2019 and March 2020 but only 7.1 million cubic meters of water was captured through the water billing systems. Non-Revenue Water accounted for 5.8 million cubic meters.
RURA is now concerned that Rwanda may not realize its targets of 100% universal access to clean water by 2024 the non-revenue water challenge is not addressed.
Non-revenue water loss is water that has been produced and is "lost" before it reaches the customer. Such losses not only cause water shortages in some areas, but also revenue losses to water utilities.
Eng. Aimé Muzola, WASAC Chief Executive Officer uk best essays.org acknowledges the water supply challenges but promised that mega water projects are in the pipeline to help reduce the average losses from 38 per cent to 25 per cent.
He said that although it will not decrease to zero, the strategic plan from 2018 to 2019 to reduce average loss of water will be reached through the water infrastructure in government's plan.
"We are working on a 'Smart Network Management Project' that will help in detecting water leakages for quick interventions and fixing. We are buying equipment with sensor to detect water leakages in networks. There will be pressure reducing valves to regulate pressure because leakages are usually caused by high pressure of water in pipes," he said.
Eng. Muzola, noted that old pipes will be replaced with new and bigger pipes to avoid bursting due to pressure. "We have to replace pipes that are 40 years old and also replace meters with smart meters that help to monitor any disruptions on screens," he said.
Muzola pointed out that challenges such as leakages caused by road construction that always destroy water pipes and other essays services reviews.com people who steal water from networks in sophisticated ways are difficult to handle.
While addressing the possibilities of achieving 100 % water access by 2024, Eng. Muzola revealed a number of projects in the pipeline to ensure that dream is achieved. Some of the projects he mentioned include; water reservoirs and water supply systems, 568 kilometers of pipeline in Kigali city to replace old pipes, upgrade water distribution networks and to extend water supply.


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Wood rotting fungi
There are many fungi, both saprotrophic and parasitic, that decay wood and youll find a great deal of information in the reference given in the button.
Examples of saprotrophs found on dead wood lying on the ground are Chlorociboria aeruginascens (which often stains the wood the same colour, as shown here ), Plectania campylospora, Polyporus arcularius and Stereum ostrea. The densely clustered caps of Coprinus disseminatus are often found around the bases of old stumps that have been colonised by the mycelium of this species.
When you look at a majestic forest eucalypt remember that the bulk of the tree is the dead heartwood. The living parts are the roots, leaves and relatively thin layer under the bark. Thus, live trees also provide scope for many saprotrophs and Laetiporus portentosus is an example of a saprotrophic fungus, feeding on the dead heartwood in living trees.
On the other hand, Armillaria luteobubalina is an aggressive parasite, capable of attacking and killing many plant species after which it feeds on the dead wood. It often produces dense clusters of mushrooms on dead wood or at the bases of live trees of various species. The fungus is an endemic Australian species and is widespread through south-eastern Australia. Armillaria is a problem in the Australian National Botanic Gardens in Canberra, where it has killed mature trees in several garden beds. In the botanic gardens it spreads mostly by root-to-root contact and one way of controlling its spread is to put a physical barrier between the roots of infected and healthy trees. This photo shows a bitumen road between the Gardens' Rainforest Gully (out of the picture, to the left) and (on the right) a garden bed with an Armillaria infestation. In order to keep Armillaria out of the Rainforest Gully, a trench was dug along the edge of the road, a physical barrier put in and the trench then re-filled and re-bitumened. You can see the later strip of bitumen on the right hand side of the road (just to the left of the white, concrete gutter).
However, mushrooms growing from tree bases dont always mean trouble. Gymnopilus pampeanus also often produces dense clusters of mushrooms on dead wood or at the bases of various live trees. Some people mistakenly believe they have an Armillaria problem when they see Gymnopilus, for the two have similar growth habits. However, the Gymnopilus mycelium feeds largely on dead wood and is, at most, a mild parasite that may inflict damage to a tree that is already otherwise stressed.
White rot and brown rot
The major constituents of wood are the polymers cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. A polymer is a bit like a long chain. While a chain can be quite long and heavy, it's just a series of simple links joined together. In a similar way, each of the above polymers is built up by joining together a string of much simpler chemical compounds. In the case of cellulose and hemicellulose the basic building blocks are various simple sugars. For example, the basic building block in cellulose is glucose - a simple sugar that turns up in many foods, as you can see from the ingredients labels on various jars, cans or packets that you buy during your grocery shopping. The building blocks of lignin are more complex and lignin helps protect cellulose against microbial attack.
There are two broad classes of wood-rotting macrofungi. Fungi which decompose cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin leave the wood very pale in colour and often with a fibrous to stringy consistency. These are called white rot fungi and this photo shows an example of wood with white rot. Fungi which can decompose only cellulose and hemicellulose leave the wood coloured brown and, rather than fibrous, cracked into cubical fragments, which break off readily. These are the brown rot fungi. The next photo shows what you get when you crumble, or rub, white and brown rot woods in your hands. There are several types of white rot and you can find out more here: [_URL_
There are more species of white rot fungi than there are of brown rot fungi. In the northern hemisphere many of the brown rot fungi are found on conifers in the boreal areas but in Australia there has been no systematic study into the geographic or host preferences of brown rot species. However, there is some evidence of a preference for cool-temperate areas.
Fairly often, when you cut open a piece of dead wood that's still fairly firm, you'll see black lines marking out zones of varying size. These black zone lines mark out the extremities of the separate mycelia. Such wood, called spalted wood, is often sought after by craftspeople working with wood, for the irregular lines add to the attractiveness of the finished item. The following photos show, first, numerous fruiting bodies of the polypore Trametes versicolor growing out of a tree-stump and, second, the wood inside the stump.
Ornament using spalted wood.
Some white rot fungi, such as Trametes versicolor, decay lignin and cellulose simultaneously whereas others decay lignin first, leaving a residue of cellulose and hemicellulose for later decay. In Chile, Nothofagus wood that has been selectively de-lignified by Ganoderma australe is fed to cattle, for the lignin-free residue is easily digested with the help of the micro-organisms found in cattle guts. Such wood is called palo podrido and you can find out a bit more about it here. [_URL_ There is also evidence of moose in Alaska feeding on logs decayed by Ganoderma tsugae.
Wood rotting fungi, nematodes and bacteria
Nitrogen is an essential element for all living organisms, but wood has a low nitrogen content. Many wood-rotting fungi can grow at very low nitrogen levels and are very efficient at both scavenging and re-cycling nitrogen, but some have additional strategies. The mycelia of some wood-rotting fungi also trap and feed on nematodes that can often be found in decaying wood. By trapping nematodes (using hyphae with sticky knobs, for example), these fungi supplement their nitrogen intake. Species in the genus Hohenbuehelia and Pleurotus trap nematodes. These fungi produce stemless-mushrooms as fruiting bodies, the caps being attached directly to the wood either at the top or side of the cap.
Pleurotus ostreatus on a toilet roll.
Bacteria are also common in rotting wood and laboratory experiments with the mycelium of Pleurotus ostreatus have shown that this fungus will destroy and feed on bacterial colonies. Pleurotus ostreatus is widely cultivated (in many colour variations) and sold in supermarkets as the Oyster Mushroom. This fungus can grow on a variety of cellulose-containing materials - even toilet rolls, as shown at the right.
An excellent source of authoritative information about all types of predatory, wood-rotting fungi is in this site, written by George Barron, who has spent many years studying these fungi [_URL_
Forest litter and woodchips
Many fungi exploit the leaf and twig litter that can be found on forest floors, with the mycelia confined just to the litter layer extending neither to the soil below nor to the larger pieces of fallen wood. This is especially the case in the tropics, but also in sheltered temperate areas (where the litter layer is protected against the drying effects of sun and wind). Many of the fungi that exploit the litter layers produce tiny fruiting bodies, but at times in great abundance. For example, you may find hundreds of Marasmius haematocephalus mushrooms popping up from the forest litter. The individual caps are under a centimetre in diameter and there are many litter decomposers that produce mushrooms with caps only a couple of millimetres in diameter. You can also find various polypores, ascomycetes and corticioid fungi on leaf and twig litter. Here is a close-up view of the toothed fruiting body of a species of the corticioid genus Sistotrema that was growing on some long-dead, eucalypt leaves lying on the ground. The spines are one to two millimetres long. The fruiting body grew on the underside of the leaf, so the spines were pointing down.
Turning now to a suburban setting, think of all the wood that is spread around parks and home gardens in the form of woodchip mulch. Hypholoma aurantiaca is a common mushroom in woodchip-mulched gardens in Canberra. The species is well-known in Europe and may have been introduced to Australia. Some may think nothing much of the fungi on woodchip mulch but Peter Shaw, of the University of Surrey in England, writes: "It seems that the combination of deep woody litter and regular disturbance provides a habitat with no natural equivalent, so that the fungal community which appears is unusual." You can find more about his investigations in this link. [_URL_
LINKS TO OTHER SECTIONS
-


text:
Insert inlaid in inhole drill for Mining
Physical and mechanical properties and application recommended
矫顽磁力 Coercine force(KA/M)
1.低风压潜孔砖头齿，适用于中软岩层；2.小直径热壤或冷压的锥孔连接砖头，适用于中、硬岩层。1.Inhole drill for drilling mid-soft rock formation under a lower pressure.
2.For the drill of mid-hard or hard rock formation with smaller diameter of drill connected by conical hole with heating mounting or cold pressure mounting.
1.高风压潜孔砖头齿，适用于硬、坚硬岩层；2.液压螺纹砖头用齿，适用于硬、坚硬岩层。1.Drilling on the hard and ultra hard rock formation under high pressure.
2.Mounted to hydraulic pressure helical drill to drill the hard and ultra hard rock formation.
1.主要用于焊接类小直径钻头，适用于铁矿，金属矿，煤矿的掘进与开采；2.可用于大直径低风压潜孔砖头齿，适用于岩层复杂的中软岩层。1.Used mainly for the brazed smaller diameter drill to excavate and mine the ferrous and other metallic ore as well as coal mine.
2.Applied to mount on the larger diameter inhole drill to drill the mid-soft compplicated rock formation under a lower pressure.
适用于大直径潜孔钻用齿，钻进中硬、硬岩层。Applied to mount on the inhole drill with bigger diameter to drill mid-hard and hard rock formation.
适用于高强度、高冲击韧性的异形钻头；岩层复杂的坚硬岩层。In use for making the special drill to drill the ultra hard rock formation with complicated structure in which the high strength and high impact toughness of drill are required.
Contact: Alice shen
Add: 7th Floor, Zhishang Hitech Building, No.9 Zhognda Road, Zhuzhou city, Hunan


text:
Situated in Raleigh County in West Virginia, USA, the city of Beckley is located near the Greenbrier and New River Valley and covers an area of 23.8 sq km.
The city has a humid continental climate. The average winter temperature is around 1°C, while the average summer temperature is around 26°C.
Known as the 'Smokeless Coal Capital', the coal mining industry has always been a part of the city's culture. The Beckley Exhibition Coal Mine offers visitors a historic look at the development of the town.
Originally known as the town of Beckleyville, the city is named after Alfred Beckley, who served as the first clerk of the House of the Representatives and the first Librarian of Congress. With a population of around 17,000, the old-fashioned town is the social and economic hub of southern West Virginia
Your contribution can be useful for other tourists
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Oak Hill (About 12.9 mi)
More information United States:
|Oak Hill - 12.9 mi|
Oak Hill is a city which is situated in Fayatte County in West Virginia. It is the primary city within the Oak Hill, WV Micropolitan Statistical Area. The micropolitan area is even...
|Summersville - 39.1 mi|
Summersville is located in the heart of the state of West Virginia in the USA. This town with a population of approximately 3,200 inhabitants is the chief administrative head of...


text:
Stylizing stylization: The case of Aigia Fuxia
SourceMultilingua-Journal of Cross-Cultural and Interlanguage Communication
Google Scholar check
MetadataShow full item record
This paper examines language stylization in Aigia Fuxia (The Fuchsia Goat'), a highly popular Greek Cypriot sitcom, where the (imagined) linguistic and socio-cultural'self' of a dialect-speaking community is subjected to extreme and aberrant stylization. The overarching filmic and generic trademark of Aigia Fuxia is its consistent pinpointing of its intertextual relations to well-established Cypriot comedic media genres, in which the language and the lifestyle of the 'rural' part of the speech community is performed following specific generic and linguistic conventions. Aigia Fuxia dismantles these conventions through the artful deployment of a medley of content, generic, and filmic choices and, crucially, through extreme dialect stylization, ultimately a 'de-authenticizing' move, especially as it goes hand-in-hand with other linguistic choices, which are dissonant both in terms of genre and in terms of the series' baseline stylized dialect register. In this paper we show that such bricolage generates rich interpretive potential.. from a filmic perspective, the use of techniques which may befuddle viewer expectations regarding the genre cunningly pinpoint the processes whereby generic and narrative conventions are constructed; from a sociolinguistic perspective, the extreme stylization of the Cypriot Greek dialect may be seen as performative destabilizing of dominant folk linguistic constructs about standard language and dialect in a context of dialect leveling and emergent diglossia resolution.


publisher can work with many authors. Similarly, one book can be published by many publishers, and one publisher can publish many books.
Handling this situation in the database is more involved than a one-to-many relationship because the relationship goes both ways. Many-to-many relationships are created by an association table acting as a bridge between the two related tables.
The association table contains at least two foreign key fields, which are the primary keys of each of the two associated tables. This SQL statement creates the association table relating the author and publisher tables:
CREATE TABLE author_publisher (
 author_id INTEGER REFERENCES author,
 publisher_id INTEGER REFERENCES publisher
);
The SQL statements create a new author_publisher table referencing the primary keys of the existing author and publisher tables. The author_publisher table is an association table establishing relationships between an author and a publisher.
Because the relationship is between two primary keys, there's no need to create a primary key for the association table itself. The combination of the two related keys creates a unique identifier for a row of data.
As before, you use the JOIN keyword to connect two tables together. Connecting the author table to the publisher table is a two-step process:
 1. JOIN the author table with the author_publisher table.
 2. JOIN the author_publisher table with the publisher table.
The author_publisher association table provides the bridge through which the JOIN connects the two tables. Here's an example SQL query returning a list of authors and the publishers publishing their books:
 1sqlite> SELECT
 2 ...> a.first_name || ' ' || a.last_name AS author_name,
 3 ...> p.name AS publisher_name
 4 ...> FROM author a
 5 ...> JOIN author_publisher ap ON ap.author_id = a.author_id
 6 ...> JOIN publisher p ON p.publisher_id = ap.publisher_id
 7 ...> ORDER BY a.last_name ASC;
 8Isaac Asimov|Random House
 9Pearl Buck|Random House
10Pearl Buck|Simon & Schuster
11Tom Clancy|Berkley
12Tom Clancy|Simon & Schuster
13Stephen King|Random House
14Stephen King|Penguin Random House
15John Le Carre|Berkley
16Alex Michaelides|Simon & Schuster
17Carol Shaben|Simon & Schuster
The statements above perform the following actions:
 - Line 1 starts a SELECT statement to get data from the database.
 - Line 2 selects the first and last name from the author table using the a alias for the author table and concatenates them together with a space character.
 - Line 3 selects the publisher's name aliased to publisher_name.
 - Line 4 uses the author table as the first source from which to retrieve data and assigns it to the alias a.
 - Line 5 is the first step of the process outlined above for connecting the author table to the publisher table. It uses the alias ap for the author_publisher association table and performs a JOIN operation to connect the ap.author_id foreign key reference to the a.author_id primary key in the author table.
 - Line 6 is the second step in the two-step process mentioned above. It uses the alias p for the publisher table and performs a JOIN operation to relate the ap.publisher_id foreign key reference to the p.publisher_id primary key in the publisher table.
 - Line 7 sorts the data by the author's last name in ascending alphabetical order and ends the SQL query.
 - Lines 8 to 17 are the output of the SQL query.
Note that the data in the source author and publisher tables are normalized, with no data duplication. Yet the returned results have duplicated data where necessary to answer the SQL query.
The SQL query above demonstrates how to make use of a relationship using the SQL JOIN keyword, but the resulting data is a partial re-creation of the author_book_publisher.csv CSV data. What's the win for having done the work of creating a database to separate the data?
Here's another SQL query to show a little bit of the power of SQL and the database engine:
 1sqlite> SELECT
 2 ...> a.first_name || ' ' || a.last_name AS author_name,
 3 ...> COUNT(b.title) AS total_books
 4 ...> FROM author a
 5 ...> JOIN book b ON b.author_id = a.author_id
 6 ...> GROUP BY author_name
 7 ...> ORDER BY total_books DESC, a.last_name ASC;
 8Stephen King|3
 9Tom Clancy|2
10Isaac Asimov|1
11Pearl Buck|1
12John Le Carre|1
13Alex Michaelides|1
14Carol Shaben|1
The SQL query above returns the list of authors and the number of books they've written. The list is sorted first by the number of books in descending order, then by the author's name in alphabetical order:
 - Line 1 begins the SQL query with the SELECT keyword.
 - Line 2 selects the author's first and last names, separated by a space character, and creates the alias author_name.
 - Line 3 counts the number of books written by each author, which will be used later by the ORDER BY clause to sort the list.
 - Line 4 selects the author table to get data from and creates the a alias.
 - Line 5 connects to the related book table through a JOIN to the author_id and creates the b alias for the book table.
 - Line 6 generates the aggregated author and total number of books data by using the GROUP BY keyword. GROUP BY is what groups each author_name and controls what books are tallied by COUNT() for that author.
 - Line 7 sorts the output first by number of books in descending order, then by the author's last name in ascending alphabetical order.
 - Lines 8 to 14 are the output of the SQL query.
In the above example, you take advantage of SQL to perform aggregation calculations and sort the results into a useful order. Having the database perform calculations based on its built-in data organization ability is usually faster than performing the same kinds of calculations on raw data sets in Python. SQL offers the advantages of using set theory embedded in RDBMS databases.
Entity Relationship Diagrams
An entity-relationship diagram (ERD) is a visual depiction of an entity-relationship model for a database or part of a database. The author_book_publisher.db SQLite database is small enough that the entire database can be visualized by the diagram shown below:
ERD diagram for the author_book_publisher Sqlite database produced with JetBrains DataGrip application
This diagram presents the table structures in the database and the relationships between them. Each box represents a table and contains the fields defined in the table, with the primary key indicated first if it exists.
The arrows show the relationships between the tables connecting a foreign key field in one table to a field, often the primary key, in another table. The table book_publisher has two arrows, one connecting it to the book table and another connecting it to the publisher table. The arrow indicates the many-to-many relationship between the book and publisher tables. The author_publisher table provides the same relationship between author and publisher.
Working With SQLAlchemy and Python Objects
SQLAlchemy is a powerful database access tool kit for Python, with its object-relational mapper (ORM) being one of its most famous components, and the one discussed and used here.
When you're working in an object-oriented language like Python, it's often useful to think in terms of objects. It's possible to map the results returned by SQL queries to objects, but doing so works against the grain of how the database works. Sticking with the scalar results provided by SQL works against the grain of how Python developers work. This problem is known as object-relational impedance mismatch.
The ORM provided by SQLAlchemy sits between the SQLite database and your Python program and transforms the data flow between the database engine and Python objects. SQLAlchemy allows you to think in terms of objects and still retain the powerful features of a database engine.
The Model
One of the fundamental elements to enable connecting SQLAlchemy to a database is creating a model. The model is a Python class defining the data mapping between the Python objects returned as a result of a database query and the underlying database tables.
The entity-relationship diagram displayed earlier shows boxes connected with arrows. The boxes are the tables built with the SQL commands and are what the Python classes will model. The arrows are the relationships between the tables.
The models are Python classes inheriting from an SQLAlchemy Base class. The Base class provides the interface operations between instances of the model and the database table.
Below is the models.py file that creates the models to represent the author_book_publisher.db database:
 1from sqlalchemy import Column, Integer, String, ForeignKey, Table
 2from sqlalchemy.orm import relationship, backref
 3from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base
 4
 5Base = declarative_base()
 6
 7author_publisher = Table(
 8 "author_publisher",
 9 Base.metadata,
10 Column("author_id", Integer, ForeignKey("author.author_id")),
11 Column("


DDGS particle separation behind shipping cost troubles
March 30, 2010
WEST LAFAYETTE, Ind. - A Purdue University study solves a mystery that has long plagued ethanol producers and driven up shipping costs of a byproduct sold as cattle feed.
Distillers dried grains with solubles, or DDGS, is the grain product left after production of ethanol. However, when filled with DDGS, railcars register different weights – sometimes many tons different from each other – lowering shipping efficiency and raising costs.
The reason, according to Klein Ileleji, an assistant professor of agricultural and biological engineering, is that the cars aren't all holding the same-sized particles.
Previous studies show that when poured, like-sized DDGS particles congregate, with the smallest, called fines, accumulating in the center of the pile and the larger particles moving to the outside. Ileleji and doctoral student Clairmont Clementson hypothesized that this is what happens when DDGS is poured into railcar hoppers for transport.
To test the theory, Ileleji and Clementson created a scaled-down mechanism that mimicked the loading of railcar hoppers. When simulated, the first containers had mostly fines, with proceeding containers getting more of the larger particles. The containers with fines weighed more because they can be packed more densely.
"When we analyzed our data with what we would expect in theory, the weight pattern of our containers can be explained by particle segregation during filling of the hoppers, which is amplified during discharge, causing bulk density variation," said Ileleji, whose results were published in the early online edition of the journal Bioresource Technology.
The problem is exacerbated by the tendency of DDGS to discharge from hoppers in a funnel-like flow pattern in which the fines that have accumulated at the hopper's core are released first. Outside contents, which are primarily larger in size, are released last. Even mass-flow hoppers with steep sidewall angles designed to release their contents in layers caused weight irregularities because the DDGS continued to exhibit funnel-flow tendencies.
Ileleji suggests either finding a way to mix the contents better during loading or using a process he patented to create uniform-sized particles.
"The granules are larger, so they would not pack as well as fines. But granules are denser than the same amount of fines, so you get more in the same amount of space," Ileleji said. "This would ensure that railcars would weigh about the same amount and help control the cost of shipping DDGS."
Ileleji said the next step is to verify lab studies with field data and test loading methods in the field to reduce variability in DDGS bulk density during loading. An Anderson's Research Grant from Multistate Project NC-213 for Marketing and Delivery of Quality Grains and BioProcess Co-products and a Purdue Research Foundation fellowship funded the research as part of Clementson's doctoral work.
Source: Klein Ileleji, _PHONE_, _EMAIL_
Ag Communications: _PHONE_;
Steve Leer, _EMAIL_
Agriculture News Page
Variability of Bulk Density Distillers Dried Grains With Solubles (DDGS)
During Gravity-Driven Discharge
C.L. Clementson and K. E. Ileleji
Loading railcars with consistent tonnage has immense cost implications for the shipping of distillers' dried grains with soluble (DDGS) product. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the bulk density variability of DDGS during filling of railcar hoppers. An apparatus was developed similar to a spinning riffler sampler in order to simulate the filling of railcars at an ethanol plant. There was significant difference (P<0.05) between the initial and final measures of bulk density and particle size as the hoppers were emptied in both mass and funnel-flow patterns. Particle segregation that takes place during filling of hoppers contributed to the bulk density variation and was explained by particle size variation. This phenomenon is most likely the same throughout the industry and an appropriate sampling procedure should be adopted for measuring the bulk density of DDGS stored in silos or transported in railcar hoppers.


Manually combine levels of categorical data.
rbin_factor_combine(data, var, new_var, new_name)
Arguments
data
A data.frame or tibble.
var
An object of class factor.
new_var
A character vector; it should include the names of the levels to be combined.
new_name
Name of the combined level.
Value
A tibble.
Examples
upper <- c("secondary", "tertiary") out <- rbin_factor_combine(mbank, education, upper, "upper") table(out$education)
#> #> upper unknown primary #> 3651 179 691
out <- rbin_factor_combine(mbank, education, c("secondary", "tertiary"), "upper") table(out$education)
#> #> upper unknown primary #> 3651 179 691


text:
Bakers and Basques
A Social History of Bread in Mexico
Publication Year: 2012
Mexico City's colorful panaderías (bakeries) have long been vital neighborhood institutions. They were also crucial sites where labor, subsistence, and politics collided. From the 1880s well into the twentieth century, Basque immigrants dominated the bread trade, to the detriment of small Mexican bakers. By taking us inside the panadería, into the heart of bread strikes, and through government halls, Robert Weis reveals why authorities and organized workers supported the so-called Spanish monopoly in ways that countered the promises of law and ideology. He tells the gritty story of how class struggle and the politics of food shaped the state and the market. More than a book about bread, Bakers and Basques places food and labor at the center of the upheavals in Mexican history from independence to the aftermath of the Mexican Revolution.
Published by: University of New Mexico Press
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Financial support for the research and writing of this book came from the University of California Institute for Mexico and the United States (UC MEXUS), the Reed Smith Fellowship, the UC Davis History Department, the Jarena D. Wright Scholarship, the UC Davis Hemispheric Institute on the Americas,...
Download PDF (958.8 KB)
A young bakery worker, maybe ten years old, appears in a photograph from 1930. He stands in the passage that divides the retail section of the panadería (bakery) from the workroom in back. Thin and dark, he is dressed in an apron and cloth hairnet and looks at the camera somewhat timidly out of the corner of his eye,...
1: "Zelo y desvelo": The Bread Monopoly and Late Colonial Market Reforms
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A black slave, owned by Hernán Cortés, allegedly planted Mexico's first wheat after he found three grains at the bottom of a rice sack. A single grain yielded 180; soon, wrote the sixteenth-century chronicler Francisco López de Gómara, "there was infinite wheat." Cortés established the Santo Domingo Mill...
2: "A system that offends the hands of brothers": Small Bakers and the Free Market in Independent Mexico
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The leaders of independent Mexico explicitly followed the late Bourbon model of free market with limited government oversight. They continued the search for a balance between releasing the supposedly innate dynamism of competition and curbing the equally innate greed of merchants and producers....
3: "An uncle in America": Chain Migration and the Spanish Monopoly
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Few Spaniards took part in the "invasion of pastry chefs" of the 1850s. But a decade later, immigrants from northern Spain, particularly the Basque province of Navarre, slowly began to arrive in Mexico City and venture into the bread trade. By the 1890s, they had become owners of most of the city's panaderías....
4: "Dough Kneaded with Blood"
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Gendarme No. 905 was at his downtown post near the Plazuela Aguilita around 11:30 p.m. when he heard a tremendous crash and a voice calling for help. He ran down the street and entered La Florida, the flour mill that Pedro Albaitero and José Arrache had established the year before....
5: "We have no bread": Hunger, Opportunity, and War
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At the high point of the revolution's violence, in fall of 1915, Coronel Ignacio C. Enríquez, interim president of Mexico City, ordered his subaltern Pablo des Georges to take the next day's train to San Andrés Chalchicomula, Puebla, where he was to pick up four thousand cargas (around 710 tons)...
6: The Bakers' Revolution
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The bakers' revolution began in 1915, when the civil war brought the worst misery on the city, five years after the initial outbreak of violence in other parts of the country. It was no accident that bakers formed their union while residents were suffering hunger. Workers, who felt the crisis disproportionately,...
7: Unionists, Tlalchicholes, and Canasteros
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The Spanish monopoly had proven itself to be an essential partner of the governments that emerged in the revolution and its aftermath. Hunger coincided with the brutal factional battles, and the government's ability to see that people were fed became a crucial sign of political legitimacy....
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In the mural in the Abelardo L. Rodríguez Market, chubby capitalists count money they have extracted from workers whom artificial scarcities have reduced to walking skeletons. Placed anywhere else, the mural would be a simple denunciation of inequality, an accusation that the rich profited from the hunger of the poor....
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Page Count: 232
Illustrations: 5 halftones, 6 tables
Publication Year: 2012


text:
Conditions of Use
have you ever wondered what makes flamingos pink.Baby flamingos are grey when they are born.But they only eat shrimp and alge.They are high in pigments called carotenoids, that is also the reason that shrimp turn from grey to pink when we boil them.If a flimingo stops eating shrimp it feathers colors will fade.
ornithology is the study of birds. I study omnithology
a habitat is a place where a kind of animal lives.this is a habitat.
balenced means even. I eat on a balaced diet
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text:
In this post, we discuss the potential problems of epoxy grout and how they can be solved. We also take a look at advantages of using epoxy grout over its silicone counterpart.
Will Epoxy Grout Turn Yellow?
The answer is yes! Epoxy grout can yellow over time. The color of epoxy grout can change depending on how it's mixed and what material you use.
If you use the right type of material, then the color won't change over time. But if you don't use the right material, then it will definitely turn yellow in just a few months.
Table of Contents
- Will Epoxy Grout Turn Yellow?
- Does Epoxy Grout Stain?
- Is Epoxy Grout Better than Silicone?
- Does Epoxy Grout Darken over Time?
- Does Epoxy Grout Discolor?
- Does Epoxy Grout Last Longer than Cement Based?
- Is Epoxy Grout More Expensive than Normal Grout?
- Is Epoxy Grout difficult to Apply?
- What type of Tools and Materials are Needed to Apply Epoxy grout?
- Epoxy can become discolored, however, epoxy color packs can help prevent this problem.
Does Epoxy Grout Stain?
You might be wondering, does epoxy grout yellow over time? The good news is that it doesn't. Epoxy grout is stain resistant, which means it won't absorb stains from dirt or oils in the air like standard vinyl and acrylic tile grouts do.
This means that when you clean your bathroom or kitchen, you'll be able to wipe down your tiles without worrying about damaging your beautiful new flooring.
It'll also save you from having to scrub at stubborn stains with harsh chemicals every couple of weeks!
If you're worried about maintaining this lovely look over time—don't be! Epoxy grout is as easy as soap and water in terms of cleaning requirements; all it takes is a few minutes of scrubbing with hot soapy water to get rid of any lingering dirt or oil buildup. That's all there is to it!
Is Epoxy Grout Better than Silicone?
In comparison to silicone, epoxy grout is a better choice on many levels. First and foremost, it is water resistant; this means that you can safely expose your bathroom flooring or kitchen flooring to water without worry of damage.
Silicone is not waterproof. Think about your bathtub or shower – there are multiple places where water hits the wall and floor before draining out again. When silicone gets wet, it will begin to disintegrate over time and cause mold and mildew growth within your home!
Secondly, epoxy grout is stain resistant; this means that you can be confident that if something spills on your bathroom or kitchen floorings they will remain clean looking for years after installation!
Silicone may look nice at first but spills will leave permanent marks in their wake. Thirdly, epoxy grout has much greater durability than silicone – even though both products are non-porous (meaning dirt doesn't get trapped in between tiles like traditional tile), epoxy grout holds up better under constant foot traffic over time.
Does Epoxy Grout Darken over Time?
Yes, epoxy grout can darken over time. The discoloration happens because of UV exposure. The rate of discoloration will depend on several factors including the color, amount, and frequency of sunlight that the grout is exposed to and how well the application was done.
If you want to prevent your epoxy floor tile from turning dark over time, you should use a color pack when laying down your epoxy grout.
Color packs are made up of special pigments that will absorb excess light before it reaches your tiles' surface and cause them to fade prematurely.
They also help protect against water spots caused by condensation on cold surfaces (like in bathrooms) or if there is a lot of moisture coming through your walls or windows during humid months like summertime or wintertime depending on where you live (you get it).
Does Epoxy Grout Discolor?
Epoxy grout, like any other building material, can discolor over time. This can happen for a variety of reasons. For example:
- The epoxy grout may be exposed to harsh elements such as sunlight or water. This can cause it to yellow over time, but it will often return to its original color once you seal the tile with a protective finish like wax or oil.
- Epoxy grout is susceptible to chemical reactions with certain materials such as acids, alkalis and other chemicals that have a pH level of less than 7 (the level at which most materials start breaking down). If you leave your tiles exposed to high heat or humidity levels, this could cause them to discolor as well.
Does Epoxy Grout Last Longer than Cement Based?
You might be wondering: How long does epoxy grout last? Well, the answer is up to you! Epoxy grout has been shown to withstand a lot of wear and tear. In fact, it's resistant to stains, mold, water damage, and bacteria.
That being said, like most things in life—from people to shoes—your epoxy grout should receive regular maintenance.
If you look after your grout with care (by cleaning it properly), then you can expect it to remain in good condition for years on end.
Like cement-based products though, if you don't take care of your epoxy product then it won't last anywhere near as long as advertised by manufacturers or stores selling them!
To keep your grout looking pristine for longer than its original lifespan requires dedication from homeowners who want their home improvement projects completed once rather than having them repaired two times over before they even finish!
Is Epoxy Grout More Expensive than Normal Grout?
Yes, epoxy grout is more expensive than regular grout. It is a premium product and has to be applied by professionals in order to get the best results.
It also requires special equipment that you may not have on-site, meaning you'll need to send it out for professional installation.
However, if you're interested in epoxy grout primarily because of its stain-resistance properties or ability to withstand harsh elements like moisture and sunlight (which can cause regular grout joints to deteriorate over time), then it makes sense that you would be willing to pay more upfront for this added protection from staining and discoloration.
Epoxy grouts are designed with these factors in mind: durability, stain resistance, mold/mildew resistance, and bacteria resistance (and virtually no odor!).
So yes—epoxies will hold up better than standard grouts over time—but they come at a higher price tag due mostly because they require professional installation services which generally cost more money per square foot than DIY jobs like installing traditional cementitious products such as concrete slabs or tiles."
Is Epoxy Grout difficult to Apply?
Though epoxy grout is a bit more difficult to mix than traditional grout, it's no more difficult to apply. The first step in applying epoxy grout is mixing it with water and the appropriate hardener.
When you're finished mixing the epoxy, you'll want to immediately begin applying it to your joints between tiles.
Epoxy can be applied by hand or with a trowel; however, it doesn't require a special float as you would need for traditional grout.
After finishing all your joints and seams, let them dry overnight before sealing them so they don't get wet during this process.
Once dry, simply use a sponge or rag soaked in water or cleaning solution (like bleach) and wipe down your surfaces thoroughly until they become clean again!
What type of Tools and Materials are Needed to Apply Epoxy grout?
- Grout float
- Grout sponge
- Grout brush
- Grout bag
Epoxy can become discolored, however, epoxy color packs can help prevent this problem.
It's true that epoxy grout may yellow over time. However, if you are diligent about keeping your faucets and surface clean, you'll be able to keep the discoloration at bay for a long time.
In addition to this, there are also concrete color packs available that can help prevent yellowing.
If your current epoxy is starting to look a little dingy, consider using these color packs or replacing it altogether with new epoxy grout!
Epoxy is a great grout option. It's durable, easy to install and can be used in many different applications. You should use epoxy if you want a long-lasting product that won't discolor or stain over time.


What is TimbsComms?
TimbsComms is a niche communications agency. It is led by Olivia Timbs who is part of a network of professional trainers and communicators.
Olivia has over 30 years' experience in journalism and publishing, gained from working on UK national papers and for the specialist health and medical press.
Olivia has been an accredited trainer since 2013. Her courses include: Effective writing, for anyone who struggles to express themselves and lacks confidence; How to write an academic paper and get it published, for aspiring academics whatever their discipline; and How to turn your research into a news story for scientists and healthcare professionals interested in developing their journalistic skills. Using similar principles she can help people deliver speeches or make presentations.
The courses are usually run as one-day workshops for up to 16 people. In response to the pandemic Olivia has adapted the workshops so they can be delivered as interactive webinars via Zoom or Webex. Instead of being delivered in one day, the content is spread over three two-hour sessions. She also offers one-to-one mentoring and works with small groups.
So if you find writing difficult, want to increase the chances of seeing your academic paper published, if you want to improve your presentation skills or be confident that you can handle a tricky press conference, just get in touch and we will find someone to help you.


nm-settings - Man Page
Description of settings and properties of NetworkManager connection profiles
Description
NetworkManager is based on a concept of connection profiles, sometimes referred to as connections only. These connection profiles contain a network configuration. When NetworkManager activates a connection profile on a network device the configuration will be applied and an active network connection will be established. Users are free to create as many connection profiles as they see fit. Thus they are flexible in having various network configurations for different networking needs. The connection profiles are handled by NetworkManager via settings service and are exported on D-Bus (/org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/Settings/<num> objects). The conceptual objects can be described as follows:
Connection (profile)
A specific, encapsulated, independent group of settings describing all the configuration required to connect to a specific network. It is referred to by a unique identifier called the UUID. A connection is tied to a one specific device type, but not necessarily a specific hardware device. It is composed of one or more Settings objects.
Setting
A group of related key/value pairs describing a specific piece of a Connection (profile). Settings keys and allowed values are described in the tables below. Keys are also referred to as properties. Developers can find the setting objects and their properties in the libnm-core sources. Look for the *_class_init functions near the bottom of each setting source file.
The settings and properties shown in tables below list all available connection configuration options. However, note that not all settings are applicable to all connection types. NetworkManager provides a command-line tool nmcli that allows direct configuration of the settings and properties according to a connection profile type. nmcli connection editor has also a built-in describe command that can display description of particular settings and properties of this page.
connection setting
General Connection Profile Settings.
Key NameValue TypeDefault ValueValue Description
auth-retriesint32-1The number of retries for the authentication. Zero means to try indefinitely; -1 means to use a global default. If the global default is not set, the authentication retries for 3 times before failing the connection. Currently this only applies to 802-1x authentication.
autoconnectbooleanTRUEWhether or not the connection should be automatically connected by NetworkManager when the resources for the connection are available. TRUE to automatically activate the connection, FALSE to require manual intervention to activate the connection. Note that autoconnect is not implemented for VPN profiles. See "secondaries" as an alternative to automatically connect VPN profiles.
autoconnect-priorityint320The autoconnect priority. If the connection is set to autoconnect, connections with higher priority will be preferred. Defaults to 0. The higher number means higher priority.
autoconnect-retriesint32-1The number of times a connection should be tried when autoactivating before giving up. Zero means forever, -1 means the global default (4 times if not overridden). Setting this to 1 means to try activation only once before blocking autoconnect. Note that after a timeout, NetworkManager will try to autoconnect again.
autoconnect-slavesNMSettingConnectionAutoconnectSlaves (int32) Whether or not slaves of this connection should be automatically brought up when NetworkManager activates this connection. This only has a real effect for master connections. The properties "autoconnect", "autoconnect-priority" and "autoconnect-retries" are unrelated to this setting. The permitted values are: 0: leave slave connections untouched, 1: activate all the slave connections with this connection, -1: default. If -1 (default) is set, global connection.autoconnect-slaves is read to determine the real value. If it is default as well, this fallbacks to 0.
gateway-ping-timeoutuint320If greater than zero, delay success of IP addressing until either the timeout is reached, or an IP gateway replies to a ping.
idstring A human readable unique identifier for the connection, like "Work Wi-Fi" or "T-Mobile 3G".
interface-namestring The name of the network interface this connection is bound to. If not set, then the connection can be attached to any interface of the appropriate type (subject to restrictions imposed by other settings). For software devices this specifies the name of the created device. For connection types where interface names cannot easily be made persistent (e.g. mobile broadband or USB Ethernet), this property should not be used. Setting this property restricts the interfaces a connection can be used with, and if interface names change or are reordered the connection may be applied to the wrong interface.
lldpint32-1Whether LLDP is enabled for the connection.
llmnrint32-1Whether Link-Local Multicast Name Resolution (LLMNR) is enabled for the connection. LLMNR is a protocol based on the Domain Name System (DNS) packet format that allows both IPv4 and IPv6 hosts to perform name resolution for hosts on the same local link. The permitted values are: "yes" (2) register hostname and resolving for the connection, "no" (0) disable LLMNR for the interface, "resolve" (1) do not register hostname but allow resolving of LLMNR host names If unspecified, "default" ultimately depends on the DNS plugin (which for systemd-resolved currently means "yes"). This feature requires a plugin which supports LLMNR. Otherwise the setting has no effect. One such plugin is dns-systemd-resolved.
masterstring Interface name of the master device or UUID of the master connection.
mdnsint32-1Whether mDNS is enabled for the connection. The permitted values are: "yes" (2) register hostname and resolving for the connection, "no" (0) disable mDNS for the interface, "resolve" (1) do not register hostname but allow resolving of mDNS host names and "default" (-1) to allow lookup of a global default in NetworkManager.conf. If unspecified, "default" ultimately depends on the DNS plugin (which for systemd-resolved currently means "no"). This feature requires a plugin which supports mDNS. Otherwise the setting has no effect. One such plugin is dns-systemd-resolved.
meteredNMMetered (int32) Whether the connection is metered. When updating this property on a currently activated connection, the change takes effect immediately.
multi-connectint320Specifies whether the profile can be active multiple times at a particular moment. The value is of type NMConnectionMultiConnect.
permissionsarray of string An array of strings defining what access a given user has to this connection. If this is NULL or empty, all users are allowed to access this connection; otherwise users are allowed if and only if they are in this list. When this is not empty, the connection can be active only when one of the specified users is logged into an active session. Each entry is of the form "[type]:[id]:[reserved]"; for example, "user:dcbw:blah". At this time only the "user" [type] is allowed. Any other values are ignored and reserved for future use. [id] is the username that this permission refers to, which may not contain the ":" character. Any [reserved] information present must be ignored and is reserved for future use. All of [type], [id], and [reserved] must be valid UTF-8.
read-onlybooleanFALSEFALSE if the connection can be modified using the provided settings service's D-Bus interface with the right privileges, or TRUE if the connection is read-only and cannot be modified.
secondariesarray of string List of connection UUIDs that should be activated when the base connection itself is activated. Currently only VPN connections are supported.
slave-typestring Setting name of the device type of this slave's master connection (eg, "bond"), or NULL if this connection is not a slave.
stable-idstring This represents the identity of the connection used for various purposes. It allows to configure multiple profiles to share the identity. Also, the stable-id can contain placeholders that are substituted dynamically and deterministically depending on the context. The stable-id is used for generating IPv6 stable private addresses with ipv6.addr-gen-mode=stable-privacy. It is also used to seed the generated cloned MAC address for ethernet.cloned-mac-address=stable and wifi.cloned-mac-address=stable. It is also used as DHCP client identifier with ipv4.dhcp-client-id=stable and to derive the DHCP DUID with ipv6.dhcp-duid=stable-[llt,ll,uuid]. Note that depending on the context where it is used, other parameters are also seeded into the generation algorithm. For example, a per-host key is commonly also included, so that different systems end up generating different IDs. Or with ipv6.addr-gen-


text: ||Like many other herbivores, in a natural environment equids feed on rather evenly distributed resources. However, the vegetation in their vast habitats constantly changes. If food is plentiful only little competition occurs over food, and in non-competitive situations domestic horses tend to return to the same feeding site until it is overgrazed. In contrast, they compete over limited food for which the social status of the individuals appears to be important. Especially in ruminants several studies have proved an influence of social organisations, rank, sex and the depletion of feeding sites on the feeding behaviour of individuals. However, it is not yet understood whether and how social aspects affect horses" feeding decisions. Curiosity about the influence of social rank on the horses" feeding decisions between two, equally with high-quality surplus food-filled buckets placed in different social feeding conditions, led us to create the test below. The observer horses were alternately tested with a dominant and a subordinate demonstrator placed in one of the three different positions. We conclude that domestic horses use social cognition and strategic decision making in order to decide where to feed in a social feeding situation. When possible they tend to return to the same, continuously supplied feeding site and switch to an "avoidance tendency" in the presence of dominant horses or when another horse is already feeding there. Thus, the social rank and the position of conspecifics affect the feeding strategy of horses.


text:
integer getHisHer(object Mobile);
The getHisHer function will return a string containing "his", "her" or "its" based on the sex value of a mobile. See getSex.
sex=0: "his" is returned
sex=1: "her" is returned
sex=2: "its" is returned
If an invalid object/mobile is provided than the string "his" will be returned, see getSex for more details.
Because player ghosts have a body type of 402 or 403, they will be considered "its".
Return to the Command List.


text:
Southern Italy has Watchtowers all along the coast line. Watch the video below for the story about these towers:
Title: Italy – Watchtowers in Southern Italy
Countries: Southern Italy
What are Watchtowers? They are towers usually built of stone high enough to be seen by the next tower along the coast. When Saracens (pirates) were spotted, they would light a fire in the tower to warn everyone along the coast. The next tower would see it and light theirs and so on along the entire coastline. You might say this was the Internet of their time. Some towers had a bell as well that was rung to warn locals of the pirates coming.
The locals would gather their families and valuables and head to their sister town usually high up on a hill. These towns were fortified castle like structures that prevented the pirates from entering.


text:
During the process of acetylene production, the chemical reaction produces some amount of heat. The amount of heat dispelled during generation is monitored to ensure that it is not excessive. Heat is further reduced during the purification process and under normal operating conditions, should not become an issue.
However, during the process of regenerating purification material, heat is usually created in the purifier. If the temperature of the purifier increases disproportionately in isolated spots or places, this is known as hot spots which may result in damage to the purifier liner if not corrected. Understanding the causes and corrective actions of purifier hot spots will increase the safety of your operations as well as the life of your purifier.
Reasons for Hot Spot Formation in Acetylene Purifiers
Hot spots can be caused by:
- Insufficient air reaching the purification material
- Channeling of air through the purification material, rather than complete absorption into all of the material
- Partial blockage of the purifier vent
- Incomplete purge of the acetylene plant due to blockage of the purifier vent
Reverse Hot Spot Formation in Acetylene Purifiers
If hot spots are being formed in your purifier, it can be reversed by following the below-mentioned steps:
- Mechanical Disconnections
- Vent the Pressure
- Nitrogen Purging
- Reactivate the Purifier
Open the purifier vent valve in the following manner:
a. Open the vent
b. Close the purifier outlet valve
c. Close the valves at the bottom of the generator flashback arrestors
d. Open the purifier vent valve
a. Once the purifier vent valve has been opened, the pressure in the purifier should drop one lb. in five seconds and continue decreasing.
b. If the pressure drops in this manner, close the purifier and the inlet valve.
c. In case the pressure does not drop, the purifier vent might be blocked. This can be resolved by venting out the pressure from the flashback arrestor safety valves. Maintain the pressure at 6 psig or less.
a. Connect two nitrogen cylinders to the reactivation hose that passes through the purifier.
b. Force the nitrogen through the purifier. The nitrogen cylinder regulator should be set at 5 psi and 50 CFH flow.
c. At the same time, run water on the purifier vessel until the temperature of the cabinet is approximately 98 deg F.
(If more nitrogen is needed, additional cylinders should be connected and used until the temperature is reduced.)
d. Before reactivation, pressurize the purifier four times with nitrogen. After each time, it will be necessary to vent the pressure to remove all traces of acetylene from the purifier.
a. The purifier is now ready for reactivation. Disconnect the nitrogen flow and connect the airline.
b. Proceed to pass air through the cabinet at 50 CFH for eight hours.
c. The purifier should now be at room temperature. If it is not, then continue reactivation until the acetylene purifier reaches room temperature.
d. When the purifier nears room temperature, close the vent valve. Allow the pressure to build up to 5 psi and then vent the pressure.
e. Check for increase in temperature. If the temperature does not increase, pressurize to 10 psi and vent the pressure. Repeat two more times.
f. If the purifier has warmed up, continue reactivation until it reaches room temperature.
g. Remove the lid and check the purifying material for moisture content. If the material is dry, bypass all acetylene around the low pressure dryer.
h. If you are cooling the cooler condenser with well water, reduce the water flow such that the acetylene going into the purifier is a little warmer than the purifying material.
i. The purifier is now ready to be used.
After reactivation, check the purifier in fifteen-minute intervals to determine if there is occurrence of heat buildup during the cylinder charging process. This problem is most likely to occur during the first four (4) hours after reactivation.
The safety and efficiency of an acetylene plant is dependent on the functioning of the various components and parts of the plant. Hence, it is important that the plant is serviced in accordance with the procedures outlined in the operator's manual. Plant owners can also opt for a preventive maintenance plan that helps reduce failure rate of parts and ensures seamless functioning of the plant at all times. Customized preventive maintenance kits are available that include spares and other parts that can help implement a preventive maintenance plan.


text:
- General Chemistry
Why do Solutions of Ions Conduct Electricity?
This content was STOLEN from BrainMass.com - View the original, and get the solution, here!
1) Name this compound: Bel2
2) Solid salt does not conduct electricity. How then does dissolving salt in water allow electricity to flow?
© BrainMass Inc. brainmass.com September 19, 2018, 3:55 am ad1c9bdddf - _URL_
Reasons for conduction of electricity by solutions are described below.


Latest news
Bushcraft Day Inspires Year 7
Writing a History of Skipton's Aireville School was a labour of love for former teacher John Tomlinson. In the book John tells how the school started its education journey at its current site in April 1958 and how over the years it has changed, developed, and adapted to meet the needs of a changing community, changing demographic, and a changing need for the school site.
Mr Tomlinson said he had wanted to write a history of the school for some time, as it had played a large part in his life. Another former teacher, David Eager, who taught history at the school, had produced a leaflet some years ago, but he felt it was time to 'expand on David's work'. Through the process of writing the book, Mr Tomlinson talked to many former headteachers, past colleagues, and former students. The work involved collating photos, trawling archives of documents, and reading through many Craven Herald archives from over the years. The book explored how national and local events have moulded the school and its development, how the site and its buildings have changed, as well as the staff and pupils, the many changes in education over the years.
All copies of the book have now sold out and Mr Tomlinson has very generously donated £500 from the sales. Principal Richard McManus commented how appreciative the school were with the very generous donation, which was going to be used to enhance students' experience. After a challenging year for many pupils, it was decided that the money would be used to help support the youngest students in the school. The year group missed out on a traditional transition and due to the many restrictions placed on schools due to Covid19, the money helped them take part in a Bushcraft day.
The day provided students with the opportunity to supplement their standard curriculum with opportunities to learn bushcraft, wilderness, and survival skills, such as fire lighting, shelter building, outdoor cooking, and afforded them the opportunity for pupils to develop their hard and soft skills. Students also developed their confidence, team-working, and leadership skills. On the day, the students had the opportunity to take advantage of the extensive grounds, an opportunity to enjoy the glorious weather, and complete the many activities offered to them. Students commented how enjoyable the day was, the chance to make and meet new people in their year group and work together to complete all the challenges set.
Reviewing the day, Richard McManus commented, in addition to having an amazing time with their friends, learning to work in teams, and building new skills, the students have recognised how they can contribute to the well-being of others by acquiring important and lifelong life-saving skills
< Back to all news stories


text:
Now, EBU sector allows its customers to send a written telegraph to another customer or government agency or VIPs, whether internally or internationally, and in both Arabic and English language.
- Express telegraph will be delivered within 6 hours..
- Normal telegraph inside the kingdom will be delivered within 24 hours.
- Normal telegraph to Arab countries or other countries will be sent within 48 hours.
- Humanitarian telegraph is considered as an express one.
- Express messages Local and national: SR1 per word and it's delivered within 6 hours (During an official working hours).
- Normal messages Local and national: SR 0.50 per word and it's delivered within 24 hours.
- Normal messages to Arab country: SR 0.60 per word and it's sent within 48 hours.
- Normal messages to other countries: it's sent within 48 hours each country have a different fee.
- Humanitarian cause telegraph is considered an express telegraph, and it is a free service.
- Through MyBusiness portal (only by the admin user).
- Call 969 from mobile phone or landline.
- Send email to _EMAIL_
- Send a fax to _PHONE_.
Sending telegrams is not possible through prepaid numbers or of other operator's numbers.


text:
Wipe-Clean Bilingual Coil Books are a fun way for kids to practice essential learning skills in both English and French! Do the exercises in this book with wipe clean markers or crayons. Learn by practicing. It doesn't matter if it's not right the first time. Just keep practicing until it becomes easy! Wipe off the marker or crayon with a dry, clean cloth. To clean the page surface further, use rubbing alcohol or any alcohol-based marker remover. Repeat the exercises again and again until you master the subject!
- 10.7cm x 26.2cm
- 26 full colour pages


text:
The Safe 2 Race system was developed after we recognised the need for automating manual warnings and marshal systems during race events, to improve safety and response times. Our systems and hardware use wireless connections, artificial intelligence and unique algorithms to automate warnings and safety features to benefit circuits, race organisers, race control, marshals, drivers, teams and spectators. The S2R system updates every second on a range of interfaces and has various user functionality permissions.
Safe 2 Race System Key Functionality
The key functionality of the Safe2Race system for circuit, championships and driver use:
- Real time vehicle status awareness, tracking and timing vehicles for superior circuit and competition safety and compliance.
- Superior safety technology integrates vehicle to Race Control communications with instant notifications and automatic features.
- Instantly gives circuit and championship officials the information they need, whilst providing competitors and spectators real time race information – available on web and mobile interfaces.
- An electronic system with integrated AI designed to pair medical and impact data, offering currently unrivalled safety to competitors in Motorsport.
- Automated marshal flagging system benefits race marshals, race control and competitors.
- Instant in car notifications for drivers to notify of any change in race conditions, notification reaction within 1/10th second.
- Integrated systems for race control, team and spectator race timing information with a range of interface permissions.
- In-built penalty automation systems and post incident analysis.
- Tiers of access and custom permissions.
How It Works
The system tracks all vehicles locations each second, allowing flag conditions to be set within the entire circuit.
Safe2Race has been developed to combat the problems presented by human error and to provide safer racing conditions.
The system allows communication directly between every vehicle in a 'hot zone', pre-defined by race control.


text:
In front of a famous background of stars and galaxies lies some of Earth's more unusual trees.
Known as quiver trees, they are actually
aloe plants that can grow to tree-like proportions.
The quiver tree
name is derived from the historical usefulness of their hollowed branches as dart holders.
Occurring primarily in southern
Africa, the trees pictured in the
above 16-exposure composite are in
Quiver Tree Forest
located in southern Namibia.
Some of the tallest quiver trees
in the park are estimated to be about 300 years old.
is light from the small town of
Far in the distance,
arching across the background, is the majestic
central band of our
Milky Way Galaxy.
Even further in the distance, visible on the image left, are the
Small Magellanic Clouds,
smaller satellite galaxies of the Milky Way that are
prominent in the skies of
Earth's southern hemisphere.
Credit & Copyright:


text:
What is An Alewife?
Alewives are members of the herring family. They spend most of their lives at sea, and migrates up freshwater rivers to spawn. Alewives range from the Canadian Maritime Provinces to North Carolina. At sea, they spend most of their time north of Long Island and Cape Cod, mixing with other small, pelagic fish over the continental shelf. They return to spawn between the ages of 3 and 5, presumably to the river in which they were born, or nearby, and can live 8 to 10 years. Spawning runs occur in the spring, and fish can make multiple spawning runs over their lifetime. A small fish of humble appearance, alewives are incredibly important ecologically. They are perhaps most important as a forage fish, serving as prey for numerous predators while at sea (such as cod, tuna, dolphins) in estuaries (striped bass, bluefish, weakfish, harbor seals) and in rivers (ospreys, white perch, herons, river otters). Also, alewives help deliver carbon and energy upstream against river flow to freshwater habitats, thereby replenishing what is lost as water moves matter out to sea. Alewives have been listed as Species of Concern by NOAA, which reflects the possibility that they will become endangered in the absence of concerted conservation efforts. Alewife populations on Long Island have not fared much better. Efforts are underway to restore alewives by providing access to historical spawning grounds that have been lost. Friends of the Bay is preparing plans to modify impassible culverts and install fish ladders to help fish reach valuable spawning habitat.


text: thereafter. Cut lily (Lilium hybrida cv. Yellow Overlord) stems showed similar trends in water uptake and water loss rate to cut rose stems. The accuracy and sensitivity of the new apparatus was validated by comparison with manual weighing using a balance at 2-h intervals under alternating 12-h light and dark periods over 108 h. The apparatus described here constitutes a suitable method for direct measurement of water uptake and fresh weight, including capturing relatively rapid water balance responses to changes in the postharvest environment.


Home > Products > Fireworks > Support > Buttons
Fireworks Icon Macromedia Fireworks Support Center - Buttons
Working with Macromedia Fireworks MX buttons and navigation bars
Macromedia Fireworks MX is the ideal tool for creating and maintaining navigation bars. Using instance-level properties, you can define a number of characteristics for individual buttons without affecting other buttons. Instance-level properties also enable you to make modifications to a button without breaking the link between the button instance and the original button symbol. This simplifies the web design workflow by saving time and gives you great flexibility when designing navigation.
Instance-level properties eliminate the difficulty you might have experienced if you used previous versions of Fireworks to create navigation bars. Whenever you made any instance different from the others (by defining different text on each button, for example), a message box appeared that asked if you wanted to break the link between the instance and its button symbol or if you wanted to make the change to all instances. While breaking the link between instance and symbol gave you flexibility in the design of your buttons, it made maintenance difficult because no longer could you make a global change using the button symbol.
By completing this tutorial, you'll learn about instance-level and symbol-level properties for Fireworks MX buttons. You will create and modify a navigation bar, export it, and then test it in a web browser. If you have a copy of Macromedia Dreamweaver MX, you'll also explore what happens to a Fireworks navigation bar when opened from within Dreamweaver MX.
Before you begin, preview the file that you will create.
To complete the tutorial, you'll need the following source file:
Download the Windows source file (112K)
Download the Macintosh source file (116K)
When the file decompresses, a folder named nav_buttons is created on your system.
If you have trouble downloading or decompressing the file, see TechNote 13686.
Note: If you plan to perform the optional, last procedure in this tutorial (to examine the end result in Dreamweaver), it's best to copy the nav_buttons folder into a Dreamweaver site folder on your system, to ensure that Fireworks and Dreamweaver integration will function properly. See Dreamweaver Help for information about creating a site folder.
About button symbols and instances
Create a button symbol
Create a navigation bar
Modify the navigation bar
Export the navigation bar
Examine the navigation bar in Dreamweaver
Moving on
Tonya Estes
Tonya Estes writes documentation and tutorials for Fireworks and FreeHand.
6 June 2002
button, navigat, HTML, web page, instance, symbol, tutorial