Hamilton Woolen Company Historic District
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Hamilton Woolen Company Historic District
Hamilton Woolen Mill Southbridge.jpg
Hamilton Woolen Company Historic District is located in Massachusetts
Hamilton Woolen Company Historic District
Location Roughly bounded by McKinstry Brook, Quinebaug River, and Mill St., Southbridge, Massachusetts
Coordinates 42°4′56″N 72°2′37″W / 42.08222°N 72.04361°W / 42.08222; -72.04361Coordinates: 42°4′56″N 72°2′37″W / 42.08222°N 72.04361°W / 42.08222; -72.04361
Built 1836
Architectural style Greek Revival, Classical Industrial
Governing body Private
MPS Southbridge MRA
NRHP Reference # 89000594[1]
Added to NRHP June 22, 1989
The Hamilton Woolen Company Historic District encompasses the well preserved "Big Mill" complex of the Hamilton Woolen Company, built in the mid 19th century. Located at the confluence of McKinstry Brook and the Quinebaug River in central Southbridge, Massachusetts, the complex consists of a cluster of mill buildings and a rare collection of 1830s brick mill worker housing units located nearby.[2] The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.[1]
The site of the Hamilton Company's mill had been used as a mill site since 1750, when the first water privilege was granted to William Plimpton. In 1812 James and Perez Wolcott established a cotton mill on the site, building in 1814 what was at the time the world's largest cotton mill. The Wolcotts continued to expand their business, until a dam they built gave way, irreparably harming their business. Its remains were acquired by Boston investors, who formed the Hamilton Woolen Company in 1831. They rebuilt the dam to a higher level, and in 1836 embarked on a major expansion of the premises.[2]
Among the buildings erected in 1836 are the Big Mill, a five story brick structure that is the dominant feature of the complex. Extensively modified in 1850, the most distinctive feature of this building is an end stairwell which is capped by a tower with a Romanesque belfry. Immediately adjacent to the mill Brick Square was established. This was a cluster of brick housing units arranged around a quadrangle. This area, now bounded by Mill Street, Canal Street, and Brick Row, includes five surviving worker houses. Built in the then-popular Greek Revival style, one of them was later adapted for company offices.[2]
In the second half of the 19th century Hamilton was the dominant employer in Stockbridge, producing primarily woolen products, especially after the American Civil War cut off cotton supplies. It remained a major presence in town, although it had been eclipsed in size by the American Optical Company, until a strike in 1934 closed its doors forever. Its complex underwent expansion in the late 19th century, but many of these buildings have not survived. The company added several buildings to the complex in 1929, most notable the dye building, which features a large segmented arch window, but is not in a prominent position of visibility in the complex.[2]
See also[edit]
 2. ^ a b c d "MACRIS inventory record for Hamilton Woolen Company Historic District". Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Retrieved 2014-01-02.


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Volume 18 Supplement 1
19th Annual SCMR Scientific Sessions
Debt-free cardiac health
Background
Predicting cardiac prognosis and outcome is important. As the heart progresses towards failure, it is known that the ventricular-vascular coupling (VVC) progresses from the optimal range (0.5 to 1.2) to values as high as 10 in severe failure. However, even hearts close to failure may exhibit a VVC in the normal range and thus its future predictive value is low. Here we consider the cardiac energy usage derived from cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) to better utilize VVC data. To accomplish this we consider the difference between internal energy (EInternal) and external energy (EExternal) which we term energy debt (EDebt).
Objective
To establish the relationship between EDebt and VVC and show that EDebt adds to the assessment of cardiac health.
Methods
CMR volumetric image data were collected in patients (n = 90) undergoing functional evaluation to measure; end-systolic volume (ESV), end-diastolic volume (EDV), stroke volume (SV), blood pressure and heart rate. From the end-systolic pressure volume relationship (ESPVR) (Figure 1) the EInternal is calculated as:
EInternal = ½ ESV.Pes (equ 1)
Where Pes is considered to be approximated to the mean arterial pressure:
MAP = [DBP + 1/3 (SBP-DBP)] (equ 2)
The EExternal is calculated as:
EExternal = SV x Pes (equ 3)
VVC is calculated as:
VVC = ESV/SV (equ 4)
EDebt is calculated as:
EDebt = EInternal - EExternal (equ 5)
By substitution and arrangement:
EDebt = ½ Pes x SV x (VVC-2) (equ 6)
figure1
Figure 1
Results
The plot of VVC vs. EDebt is fitted to a log curve (Figure 2). As is apparent from equ 6 and Figure 2, when the EDebt transitions from positive to negative the VVC exceeds 2. Further, note the high steepness of the curve for values when EDebt is positive.
figure2
Figure 2
Conclusions
Here we consider the net difference between internal and external ventricular work derived from non-invasive PV loops acquired during routine CMR exams. By regarding internal work as a negative burden and external work as a positive expression of cardiac function, we show that hearts with a net energy debt cross over to failure, while hearts with a net positive energy expression function normally. Thus, EDebt provides additional information, since even when the VVC is within the optimal working range, the heart may be close to crossing the debt line, masquerading dysfunction. Once crossed, the curve indicates that rapid acceleration to a high VVC may imminently follow. Importantly, we show that even hearts with a healthy VVC value, heretofore believed to be advantageous, may be close to failure by the net energy debt criteria.
Author information
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Authors
Corresponding author
Correspondence to Victor Farah.
Rights and permissions
This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (_URL_ which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (_URL_ applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
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Cite this article
Farah, V., Doyle, M., Rayarao, G. et al. Debt-free cardiac health. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 18, P247 (2016). _URL_
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Keywords
 - Stroke Volume
 - Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance
 - Pressure Volume Relationship
 - Severe Failure
 - Cardiac Health


basura = garbage feminine noun
feminine noun
English Translation of BASURA
desechos : garbage, waste, refusehay mucha basura en la calle there's a lot of litter in the street tirar algo a la basura to put or throw something in the bin es una basura he's a shocker (familiar) la novela es una basura the novel is rubbish
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text:
Water wheelchair in Dubai – level 3
Dubai has begun offering specialist wheelchairs that have been modified to allow disabled people the chance to enjoy bathing in the sea or in swimming pools.
The two armrests act as flotation devices and the user lays flatter and lower than normal to make it easier to change positions.
"So we are studying right now four parks in Dubai, and we're changing actually the playground area according to that needs exactly for those who are coming with wheelchairs so they will be mixed with the normal children."
Twenty chairs have been put out across Dubai's two main beach parks and can be reserved and used for free, and by October they plan for at least 20 percent of areas in the country's 80 parks to be equipped with entertainment facilities for disabled visitors.
"We'll try to remove the wheels. It's easy to remove the wheels because there's a lock. When we remove the lock, the wheels will come out."
The chairs are part of a specialist project to make Dubai more accessible for disabled visitors for the World Expo in 2020.
Difficult words: floatation (action of floating – moving slowly in the water), device (thing).
LEARN 3000 WORDS with NEWS IN LEVELS
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You also have to hear every new word 5 to 10 times if you want to remember it. That's why we use the same words in one level. If you read and hear the same words again and again, you will understand them and remember them. If you know words from one level, you can go to a higher level and learn new words. It is important to go step by step, and read and listen to words which are used in English often. This is what we do with our news. In our short news, we use words which are used in English often. Level 1 has the 1000 most important words. Level 2 has the 2000 most important words, Level 3 has the 3000 most important words.
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source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
Kings into Gods
Vittorio Cotesta, Università degli Studi Roma Tre
One might be surprised, astonished or indignant seeing men and women prostrating themselves in front of other men and other women. Or one might feel it is right to bow down before God, Allah, the saints, the Holy Virgin or the gods. Kings into Gods: How Prostration Shaped Eurasian Civilizations investigates the reasons why men prostrate themselves before deities or before powerful men. Through an in-depth historical and cultural analysis, this book highlights the connection between rituality and royalty within the Eurasian civilizations. The narrative and iconic documentation gathered and analyzed concerns the Greek and Roman world, the Mongolian civilization during the Middle Ages, the Hindu and Chinese civilizations, the Islamic civilization in India in the fourteenth century, the Mughal civilization and European civilization in the late Middle Ages. The different forms of the rituals in the courts of kings and emperors are tightly connected with the concept of royalty. The prostration is an act of humiliation of defeated enemies, a means to establish a abysmal distance between powerful elite and the people, a way of creating hierarchies within the elite itself.


text:
The Link between Red Hair and Skin Cancer
People have different types of hair color ranging from different tints of black, blonde and red hair. Statistically, black is the most common hair color. Natural pure blonde hair is present in about 2% of the world's population while red hair is the least common hair color. In fact, redheads constitute just a little more than 1% of the world's population. However, Britain has a high proportion of redheads compared to other populations around the world. For example, redheads make up 13% of Scotland's population.
Research on redheads and skin cancer
A new study now shows a link between red hair color and skin cancer. Scientists have suspected this connection for many years. However, this new study, published in the Nature Communications journal and supported by the Institute of Well-come Trust Sanger, provides a scientific basis for this suspicion. The lead researcher, David Adams, and his team identified a variant of an MC1R gene that leads to the production of red hair. This gene also causes pale skin, freckles, and susceptibility to sunburns.
The study involved about 400 cancer patients. The research team looked at the DNA sequences of the participants. They found 42% more mutations associated with exposure to the sun in the tumors found in people who had the MC1R variant gene. It is the same variant gene responsible for producing red hair. Further investigations by the researchers determined that this MC1R variant gene increased the number of sun-related mutations while raising the level of mutations associated with other causes of skin cancer.
Explanations for the findings
This study was the first of its kind because it linked a gene to additional mutations in patients that have skin cancer. The researchers postulated that exposing yourself to strong UV radiation from the sun causes damage to your DNA. They further argued that the unique skin pigmentation found in redheads caused more UV light to reach and damage their DNA than is usually the case with people who have other hair colors.
What the study means for redheads
The researchers concluded their study by urging all redheads to take care while they are in the sun. In fact, this study found that the risk of skin cancer in redheads because of exposure to the sun is rather high. The researchers described this increased risk as similar to redheads having 21 extra years of exposure to the sun than people with other hair colors have. This research, co-funded by Cancer Research in the UK, is quite insightful especially for people with red hair. However, people with different hair colors should also take care of their skin. That means wearing protective clothing during summer and using sunscreen when necessary.


text:
TV Spots on Cross-Cutting COVID-19 and Ebola Prevention Behaviors (Mali)
In early 2021, Mali was faced both with the COVID-19 pandemic as well as the challenge of an outbreak of Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) in neighboring Guinea. The Breakthrough ACTION project, in collaboration with the National Communication Sub Commission of the COVID-19 Crisis Committee, developed a French and Bambara TV spot with the theme of "Une Pierre, Deux Coups" (Two birds, one stone) to reinforce key behaviors that help to prevent the transmission of both COVID-19 and Ebola. These aired nationally while the EVD response effort was active.
Source: TV Spots on Cross-Cutting COVID-19 and Ebola Prevention Behaviors (Mali)


which every possible edge occurs independently with probability p. A closely related model, the Erdős–Rényi model denoted G(n,M), assigns equal probability to all graphs with exactly M edges. The latter model can be viewed as a snapshot at a particular time (M) of the random graph process \tilde{G}_n, which is a stochastic process that starts with n vertices and no edges, and at each step adds one new edge chosen uniformly from the set of missing edges.
If instead we start with an infinite set of vertices, and again let every possible edge occur independently with probability p, then we get an object G called an infinite random graph. Except in the trivial cases when p is 0 or 1, such a G almost surely has the following property:
Given any n + m elements a_1,\ldots, a_n,b_1,\ldots, b_m \in V, there is a vertex c\in V that is adjacent to each of a_1,\ldots, a_n and is not adjacent to any of b_1,\ldots, b_m.
It turns out that if the vertex set is countable then there is, up to isomorphism, only a single graph with this property, namely the Rado graph. Thus any countably infinite random graph is almost surely the Rado graph, which for this reason is sometimes called simply the random graph. However, the analogous result is not true for uncountable graphs, of which there are many (nonisomorphic) graphs satisfying the above property.
Another model, which generalizes Gilbert's random graph model, is the random dot-product model. A random dot-product graph associates with each vertex a real vector. The probability of an edge uv between any vertices u and v is some function of the dot product uv of their respective vectors.
The network probability matrix models random graphs through edge probabilities, which represent the probability pi,j that a given edge ei,j exists for a specified time period. This model is extensible to directed and undirected; weighted and unweighted; and static or dynamic graphs.
For M \simeq pn the two most widely used models, G(n,M) and G(n,p), are almost interchangeable[2].
Random regular graphs form a special case, with properties that may differ from random graphs in general.
Properties of random graphs
The theory of random graphs studies typical properties of random graphs, those that hold with high probability for graphs drawn from a particular distribution. For example, we might ask for a given value of n and p what the probability is that G(n,p) is connected. In studying such questions, researchers often concentrate on the asymptotic behavior of random graphs—the values that various probabilities converge to as n grows very large. Percolation theory characterizes the connectedness of random graphs, especially infinitely large ones.
(threshold functions, evolution of G~)
Random graphs are widely used in the probabilistic method, where one tries to prove the existence of graphs with certain properties. The existence of a property on a random graph can often imply, via the famous Szemerédi regularity lemma, the existence of that property on almost all graphs.
Random trees
A random tree is a tree or arborescence that is formed by a stochastic process. Types of random trees include uniform spanning tree, random minimal spanning tree, random binary tree, treap, rapidly-exploring random tree, Brownian tree, and random forest.
Random graphs were first defined by Paul Erdős and Alfréd Rényi in their 1959 paper "On Random Graphs"[3] and independently by Gilbert in his paper "Random graphs"[4].
See also
The term event symmetry refers to invariance principles that have been used in some discrete approaches to quantum gravity where the diffeomorphism invariance of general relativity can be extended to a covariance under any permutation of spacetime events.[1]
The principle of event symmetry
What it means
Since general relativity was discovered by Albert Einstein in 1915 it has been demonstrated by observation and experiment to be an accurate theory of gravitation up to cosmic scales. On small scales the laws of quantum mechanics have likewise been found to describe nature in a way consistent with every experiment performed, so far. To describe the laws of the universe fully a synthesis of general relativity and quantum mechanics must be found. Only then can physicists hope to understand the realms where both gravity and quantum come together. The big bang is one such place.
The task to find such a theory of quantum gravity is one of the major scientific endeavours of our time. Many physicists believe that string theory is the leading candidate, but string theory has so far failed to provide an adequate description of the big bang, and its success is just as incomplete in other ways. That could be because physicists do not really know what the correct underlying principles of string theory are, so they do not have the right formulation that would allow them to answer the important questions. In particular, string theory treats spacetime in quite an old fashioned way even though it indicates that spacetime must be very different at small scales from what we are familiar with.
General relativity by contrast, is a model theory based on a geometric symmetry principle from which its dynamics can be elegantly derived. The symmetry is called general covariance or diffeomorphism invariance. It says that the dynamical equations of the gravitational field and any matter must be unchanged in form under any smooth transformation of spacetime coordinates. To understand what that means you have to think of a region of spacetime as a set of events, each one labelled by unique values of four coordinate values x,y,z, and t. The first three tell us where in space the event happened, while the fourth is time and tells us when it happened. But the choice of coordinates that are used is arbitrary, so the laws of physics should not depend on what the choice is. It follows that if any smooth mathematical function is used to map one coordinate system to any other, the equations of dynamics must transform in such a way that they look the same as they did before. This symmetry principle is a strong constraint on the possible range of equations and can be used to derive the laws of gravity almost uniquely.
The principle of general covariance works on the assumption that spacetime is smooth and continuous. Although this fits in with our normal experience, there are reasons to suspect that it may not be a suitable assumption for quantum gravity. In quantum field theory, continuous fields are replaced with a more complex structure that has a dual particle-wave nature as if they can be both continuous and discrete depending on how you measure them. Research in string theory and several other approaches to quantum gravity suggest that spacetime must also have a dual continuous and discrete nature, but without the power to probe spacetime at sufficient energies it is difficult to measure its properties directly to find out how such a quantised spacetime should work.
This is where event symmetry comes in. In a discrete spacetime treated as a disordered set of events it is natural to extend the symmetry of general covariance to a discrete event symmetry in which any function mapping the set of events to itself replaces the smooth functions used in general relativity. Such a function is also called a permutation, so the principle of event symmetry states that the equations governing the laws of physics must be unchanged when transformed by any permutation of spacetime events.
How it works
It is not immediately obvious how event symmetry could work. It seems to say that taking one part of space time and swapping it with another part a long distance away is a valid physical operation and that the laws of physics have to be written in such a way that this is supported. Clearly this symmetry can only be correct if it is hidden or broken. To get this in perspective consider what the symmetry of general relativity seems to say.
A smooth coordinate transformation or diffeomorphism can stretch and twist spacetime in any way so long as it is not torn. The laws of general relativity are unchanged in form under such a transformation. Yet this does not mean that objects can be stretched or bent without being opposed by a physical force. Likewise, event symmetry does not mean that objects can be torn apart in the way the permutations of spacetime would make us believe. In the case of general relativity the gravitational force acts as a background field that controls the measurement properties of spacetime. In ordinary circumstances the geometry of space is flat and Euclidean and the diffeomorphism invariance of general relativity is hidden thanks to this background field. Only in the extreme proximity of a violent collision of black holes would the flexibility of spacetime become apparent. In a similar way, event symmetry could be hidden by a background field that determines not just the geometry of spacetime, but also its topology.
General relativity is often explained in terms of curved spacetime. We can picture the universe as the curved surface of a membrane like a soap film which changes dynamically in time. The same picture can help us understand how event symmetry would be broken. A soap bubble is made from molecules which interact via forces that depend on the orientations of the molecules and the distance between them. If you wrote down the equations of motion for all the molecules in terms of their positions, velocities and orientations, then those equations would be unchanged in form under any permutation of the molecules (which we will assume to be all the same). This is mathematically analogous to the event symmetry of spacetime events. The equations may be different, and unlike the molecules on the surface of a bubble, the events of spacetime are not embedded in a higher dimensional space, yet the mathematical principle is the same.
Physicists do not presently know if event symmetry is a correct symmetry of nature, but the example of a soap bubble shows that it is a logical possibility. If it can be


How to Humanize Delorean Datetime Objects
Introduction
Working with datetime can be a bit daunting and challenging, and handling datetime in Python is no exception. Python's built-in datetime module introduced us to several classes - date, datetime, time, timezone and timedelta, and several external libraries have spawned to address the issues present in the official module, such as Arrow.
In this guide, we'll take a look at how to humanize datetime objects in Delorean - a library built upon pytz which is the standard library for solving problems relating to time zones, and dateutil which is used to calculate deltas between any 2 given datetime objects.
Installing Delorean Setting Up a Virtual Environment
Delorean is available for installation via pip. It is generally advisable to work in a virtual environment because it enables you to organize dependencies required by different projects isolated.
On Linux, or MacOS to create a virtual environment, we'd run:
$ python3 -m venv env
$ source env/bin/activate
$ python3 -m pip install delorean
Alternatively, on Windows we can run:
$ virtualenv env
$ .\env\Scripts\activate
$ python3 -m pip install delorean
Humanizing Delorean Datetime Objects with humanize()
While Epoch timestamps are extremely precise and great for digital devices - they're not too understandable by humans. We don't have a cognitive awareness of such scales. Additionally, we don't naturally comprehend dates the way computers do, except for some more rare occasions. Most people might not have known what date it is, were it not for the constant clock and calendar built into most digital devices - from stationary to mobile.
For most of the time, we've been dealing with time in reference to where we are now. When did you see your friend? On the 12th of July, 2021, or yesterday? The humanize() function takes a factual date, and turns it into what people would use while conveying the time of an event:
import delorean
datetime_strings = ["Thu July 12 2021", "June 5th, 2021", "April 28th, 2052"]
for date in datetime_strings:
 delorean_object = delorean.parse(date)
 human_date = delorean_object.humanize()
 print(human_date)
These date strings are parsed into Delorean objects and then humanized:
4 hours from now
a month ago
30 years from now
This is a great feature for annotating the time before or until events on applications. For example, you might tell a user that they've received a notification a day ago, or that a concert is coming up in a month. This can also be switched between if the event is, say, older than N days.
To do this, we'd measure if a date has occurred more than N days before the current date, using timedelta and adjust the message appropriately:
import delorean
# Dates denote events, such as notifications.
# First event occurred recently before writing this guide.
# The second event occurred a bit over a month before that.
datetime_strings = ["Thu July 12 2021", "June 5th, 2021"]
for index, date in enumerate(datetime_strings):
 delorean_object = delorean.parse(date)
 current_time = delorean.Delorean()
 if (current_time-delorean_object) < datetime.timedelta(5):
 human_date = delorean_object.humanize()
 print(f'Event {index} happened', human_date)
 else:
 print(f'Event {index} happened on', delorean_object.date)
This results in:
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Event 0 happened 14 hours ago
Event 1 happened on 2021-06-05
This makes a lot of sense, because if you tell someone that something happened yesterday, there's not much thought required to make that out. But if you say that something happened a month ago, they'll likely look at the calendar to get a feel of when that was.
Humanize Relative Dates with Delorean
Delorean also makes it easy to reference dates in relation to another date in a very intuitive and human-like way.
See you this time next Friday.
This is well understood by people, but tedious to code by hand using timedelta. Using a combination of next_ and last_ with days of the week, months or even years, we can calculate and create Delorean objects based on already existing datetimes:
from delorean import Delorean
dt_tm = Delorean()
nxt_fri = dt_tm.next_friday()
print("Friday next week: ", nxt_fri)
# Date for Two Fridays ago
two_fridays_ago = dt_tm.last_friday(2)
print("Friday two weeks ago: ", two_fridays_ago)
# Get Two Fridays from now at midnight
two_fridays_from_now_at_midnight = dt_tm.next_friday(2).midnight
print("Two Fridays from now at midnight: ", two_fridays_from_now_at_midnight)
# Get this time next month
next_month = dt_tm.next_month()
print("This time next month: ", next_month)
# Get this time next year, at midnight
next_month = dt_tm.next_year().midnight
print("This time next month: ", next_month)
To get the date of a day of the week more than just last or next week - we pass in a number denoting the number of weeks we're traversing. The same goes for days, months or years:
Friday next week: Delorean(datetime=datetime.datetime(2021, 7, 16, 19, 25, 34, 427028), timezone='UTC')
Friday two weeks ago: Delorean(datetime=datetime.datetime(2021, 7, 2, 19, 25, 34, 427028), timezone='UTC')
Two Fridays from now at midnight: 2021-07-23 00:00:00+00:00
This time next month: Delorean(datetime=datetime.datetime(2021, 8, 11, 19, 25, 34, 427028), timezone='UTC')
This time next month: 2022-07-11 00:00:00+00:00
Conclusion
In this guide, we've taken a look at how to humanize Delorean datetime objects in Python. Humanization is the process of converting datetime instances to a more human format - using words and relative time frames. Given the relativity of these time frames, it makes sense to humanize dates in some cases, while not in others.
Last Updated: March 7th, 2023
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Trustable Communication Between Mathematics Systems
Jacques Carette, William M. Farmer, Jérémie Wajs
This paper presents a rigorous, unified framework for facilitating communication between mathematics systems. A mathematics system is given one or more interfaces which offer deductive and computational services to other mathematics systems. To achieve communication between systems, a client interface is linked to a server interface by an asymmetric connection consisting of a pair of translations. Answers to requests are trustable in the sense that they are correct provided a small set of prescribed conditions are satisfied. The framework is robust with respect to interface extension and can process requests for abstract services, where the server interface is not fully specified.


create_macro - 2024.1 English
Vivado Design Suite Tcl Command Reference Guide (UG835)
Document ID
UG835
Release Date
2024-05-30
Version
2024.1 English
Create a Macro
Syntax
create_macro [‑quiet] [‑verbose] <name>
Usage
Name Description
[-quiet] Ignore command errors
[-verbose] Suspend message limits during command execution
<name> Macro to create.
Categories
XDC
Description
Create a macro for the relative placement of cells.
Macros are primarily used to place small groups of associated cells together to improve resource efficiency and enable faster interconnections. The create_macro command lets you define macros in an open synthesized or implemented design for relative placement by place_design, like RPMs defined by the RLOC constraint in RTL source files. Refer to the Vivado Design Suite User Guide: Implementation (UG904) for more information on defining relatively placed macros.
After creating the macro, specific cells can be assigned to the macro using the update_macro command. To change a currently defined macro, you must delete the macro with delete_macro, recreate the macro, and update the macro with the new contents. You cannot simply overwrite an existing macro.
Use delete_macro to delete a defined macro. Use get_macros to return a list of currently defined macros in the design.
This command operates silently and does not return anything.
Arguments
-quiet - (Optional) Execute the command quietly, returning no messages from the command. The command also returns TCL_OK regardless of any errors encountered during execution.
Note: Any errors encountered on the command-line, while launching the command, will be returned. Only errors occurring inside the command will be trapped.
-verbose - (Optional) Temporarily override any message limits and return all messages from this command.
Note: Message limits can be defined with the set_msg_config command.
<name> - (Required) Specify the name of the macro to create.
Examples
The following example creates a macro called usbMacro1:
create_macro usbMacro1


Ancient Greek History
Was There Beer in Ancient Greece?
Written by in Comments Off on Was There Beer in Ancient Greece?
Beer in Ancient GreeceThere is no doubt that wine was probably the most popular beverage in Ancient Greece. It was so important to the culture, in fact, that they had an official God of Wine, Dionysius. However, wine wasn't the only fermented beverage in existence during the time of the Ancient Greeks.
The ancient cultures in China, Iran, Egypt, and Northern Europe all had beer thousands of years ago. In fact, it is the Chinese who have the honor of being the first producers of beer and they've been brewing it since 7000 B.C. Given its prevalence throughout the world, why is it that the Ancient Greeks aren't really associated with beer?
What is beer?
Beer is an alcoholic beverage that is the result of fermenting various grains, such as malt and barley, with yeast. The end result is a beverage that has a distinct, yeasty flavor and has a noticeable carbonation. Some beer makers let the fermentation process create the carbonation while others add it in. This beverage wasn't that much different in ancient times because it still involved the fermentation of grains.
Beer Traveled Throughout the Ancient World
By 5000 B.C, the Ancient Egyptians were amongst those who brewed and drank beer. At this point, the beverage did travel to Greece. Some evidence does exist that suggests that people were brewing beer in Greece for thousands of years. It is highly possible that they drank beer produced by other countries. Despite this, it seems that wine was the more popular beverage.
The Goddess Demeter
Demeter is the Ancient Greek Goddess of the Harvest. Each year, around the time of the biggest harvest, the Greeks would hold a large festival. At this festival, there is evidence that shows that the Greeks did drink beer at occasions such as these. Imported blonde ale was a particular favorite at this particular festival.
Did Beer Ever Become Popular?
Yes, people did know about beer in Ancient Greece. However, it never really achieved the kind of popularity that it did in other places such as Northern Europe. In fact, Greeks much preferred wine and since beer was associated with Northern Europe, the place where "barbarians" lived, the Greek people had a difficult time enjoying a beverage created by these people.
An Inferior Beverage
Not only did the Ancient Greeks prefer their wine, they also considered beer to be an inferior beverage. Once beer traveled to Egypt, the knowledge of how to brew it was passed along to the Greeks, who then passed it along to the Romans. However, it was looked at as a "low-class" drink because it was fairly easy to make and a little bit too expensive.
Beer in Ancient Greek Literature
Even though there have been archaeological sites that have shown evidence of beer drinking and storage, proof of its existence in Greece also exists in literature. Xenophon, for example, mentioned beer in his Anabasis. Sophocles also mentioned beer but only in the context of staying away from it.
Yes, there was beer in Ancient Greece. However, it wasn't considered a high quality beverage in the same way that wine was.
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Provided by: python-zsi_2.1~a1-3build1_all bug
NAME
 wsdl2py - generate client Python interface code from WSDL
SYNOPSIS
 wsdl2py -f wsdlfile | -u url [options]
DESCRIPTION
 wsdl2py is a utility for automatically generating Python client interface code from a WSDL
 definition, and a set of classes representing element declarations and type definitions.
 This will produce two files in the current working directory named after the WSDL
 definition name.
OPTIONS
 -f wsdlfile
 Specifies an on-disk WSDL file to parse.
 -u url Specifies a URL pointing to the WSDL file to be parsed.
 -h Display a brief help message.
 -e Enables experimental server code generation.
 -x Process just the schema from an xsd file (ie. no services).
 -z funcname
 Specifies a function to use to generate attribute names.
 -d outputdir
 Specifies the directory where the output files will be placed.
 -t typesmodule
 Specifies a module name to use as the types implementation.
AUTHOR
 This manpage written by Tristan Seligmann.
 WSDL2PY(1)


Take the 2-minute tour ×
Its nice when games have riddles hidden in them. While playing TES:Arena, I came across an unusual logical puzzle: There are 3 cells.
If Cell 3 holds worthless brass, Cell 2 holds the gold key.
If Cell 1 holds the gold key, Cell 3 holds worthless brass.
If Cell 2 holds worthless brass, Cell 1 holds the gold key.
Knowing this brave fool, and knowing that all that is said cannot be true, which cell contains the gold key?
The correct answer is Cell 2 as suggested by the game. I wanted to know how one could logically arrive at the result. Could anyone help me with this?
What I tried: I negated all the above statements. The first implication became Cell 3 holds worthless brass AND Cell 2 does not have gold key. But if this is true, then cell 2 does not have the gold key and the result is incorrect. Hence I had this doubt.
PS: Choosing the wrong door causes man eating spiders to be released.
share|improve this question
Does each cell necessarily contain either worthless brass or a gold key? – Sp3000 Dec 20 '12 at 12:55
Although not stated in game, there is only ONE cell with a gold key. The other cells may/may not have brass. – Gautam Shenoy Dec 20 '12 at 12:57
add comment
4 Answers
If you label the conditions a-c, and if the gold key exists and is unique, it is enough to show that not in 2 leads to a contradiction. But 'key not in 2' leads to 'key in 2' (so a contradiction), as follows:
By (c), not in 2 implies in 1. By (b) then, not in 3. By (a) then, key is in 2. Contradiction.
To be safe, you can check if the game makers messed up:
As 'key in 1' is a sub chain of the above, it also leads to 'key in 2'. Contradiction.
Similarly, 'key in 3' means by uniqueness that 2 holds brass, which, by (c), implies 1 holds the key. Contradiction.
Finally note that if the key is in 2, it doesn't lead to any contradictions. So game is correct.
share|improve this answer
add comment
Cell 2 cannot hold worthless brass, and cell 1 cannot have the gold key.
If a cell can have neither brass nor key, then that is the limit of what you can conclude. For example, your conditions are consistent with cell 3 having the key and there being nothing in the other cells.
But if every cell contains either brass or key, then you know cell 2 has the key. You can prove that by assuming cell 2 did not have the key, and hence had worthless brass. That implies that cell 1 has the key, which implies cell 3 has worthless brass which implies that cell 2 has the key. Contradiction.
However, if that additional condition were part of the problem, then your middle condition would be redundant.
share|improve this answer
add comment
Sorry to be contrary, but I believe you need 2 assumptions for there to be a unique solution. First, that all 3 statements are indeed true. If we allow that one or more of those statements doesn't hold, the whole thing falls apart.
Second, that each cell contains either brass or the key. No empty cells. If you disagree, try looking at these 2 solutions:
Cell 1 = Empty, Cell 2 = Key, Cell 3 = Empty
Cell 1 = Empty, Cell 2 = Empty, Cell 3 = Key
None of the 3 statements apply to either of these, so they're both possible valid solutions and you're left to guess and hope the spiders don't eat your face.
Now, you can brute force your way through by listing all possible solutions and checking which are valid under the given statements. In this case there aren't many possible choices, so that approach is not too bad. However, I'm assuming you're looking for a bit deeper insight, so I'll walk through a technique that can sometimes provide a quicker route to the answer, especially in more complex puzzles.
Since all the implications are one way (they are "if", not "if and only if"), one approach is to start by assuming a condition from the left side of a statement and trace the implications through all the statements to look for inconsistencies.
Just going in order, let's assume first that Cell 3 holds brass. Then by statement 1, Cell 2 holds the key. Since we're assuming key or brass in each and only one key, then Cell 1 would have to be brass. Given that, neither of the last 2 statements apply, so this solution is possible with no contradictions. Let's continue and check the others to be sure we have the only possible valid solution.
Looking at statement 2, let's assume now that Cell 1 holds the key. By statement 2, Cell 3 holds brass. By statement 1, Cell 2 holds the key. Since only 1 cell can hold the key, this is a contradiction. Therefore our original assumption is false, so Cell 1 does not hold the key.
Lastly, look at the third statement. If we assume Cell 2 holds brass, then Cell 1 holds the key. But we already know by our last reasoning that if Cell 1 holds the key we end up with a contradiction. So our assumption here is false, and Cell 2 does not hold brass.
Since Cell 2 cannot hold brass, it must hold the key.
share|improve this answer
add comment
If you take "not all that is said is true" to mean that at least one statement is false, you can go through negating them and see where it leads. If the first statement is false, you have 3 holds brass and 2 does not hold the gold key. Given that there is a gold key, it must be behind door 1. Then the second and third statements would be true, but we still don't know whether cell 2 holds brass.
If the second statement is false, cell 1 has gold and 3 does not have brass (so is empty). The first and third sentences are then true and we again know nothing about cell 2.
If the third statement is false, 2 holds brass and 1 does not have gold, so it must be cell 3 that has gold. The other two are then true and we don't know what 1 holds.
Since we didn't reach a contradiction from any of these, we can't choose between them. I would downvote the puzzle creator. However, if you ignore the "not all that is said is true" and believe them all, gnometorule has shown how to get there.
share|improve this answer
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Your Answer


text:
People also ask
How far is Atsugi from the base?
What is Kanagawa Prefecture famous for?
How many aircraft carriers are in Atsugi?
What happened to the Atsugi pilots?
- Base name
- Base issues
- Protests and complaints
- Friendship festival
Naval Air Facility Atsugi is a naval air base located in the cities of Yamato and Ayase in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. It is the largest United States Navy air base in the Pacific Ocean and houses the squadrons of Carrier Air Wing Five, which deploys with the aircraft carrier USS Ronald Reagan. During 2017 and 2018 the fixed-wing aircraft of CVW-5 are relocating to Marine Corps Air Station Iwakuni in western Japan. CVW-5 shares the base with the Headquarters Fleet Air Force and Fleet Air Wing 4
The Imperial Japanese Navy constructed the base in 1938 to house the 302nd Kokutai, one of the Navy's most formidable fighter squadrons during World War II. Aircraft based at Atsugi shot down more than 300 American bombers during the firebombings of 1945. After Japan's surrender, many of Atsugi's pilots refused to follow Hirohito's order to lay down their arms, and took to the skies to drop leaflets on Tokyo and Yokohama urging locals to resist the Americans. Eventually, these pilots gave up and
Atsugi is named after the nearby city of Atsugi despite not actually being in Atsugi. The name was chosen because Atsugi was the only large town in the area as of 1950, and the three farming villages surrounding the base at that time—Yamato Village, Ayase Village and Shibuya Village—shared names with better-known areas elsewhere in Japan. Yamato is an alternative name for the Nara region, Ayase is generally associated with the area around Ayase Station in northeast Tokyo, and Shibuya is ...
NAF Atsugi and the people stationed there gained notoriety in the 1990s due to their proximity to the Jinkanpo Atsugi Incinerator, which blew toxic and cancerous emissions over the high-rise buildings in its immediate vicinity. The incinerator's owners, arrested and jailed for ch
Since 1976 there have been a number of lawsuits with local residents sued the Japanese government over noise from the base, and in October 2002 the Yokohama district court ruled that the government should pay 2.75 billion yen in compensation. Both the plaintiffs and the governmen
In addition to the lawsuits over noise there have been a number of protests regarding the base. In July 1988 20,000 people made a human chain around the base to protest noisy night landings at the base. In 2005 Yamato city officials protested noisy night landings from F/A-18 Hornet training. In 2007 the Japanese Communist Party protested F-16 and F/A-18 exercises at the base and asked that they be stopped. In 2013 the JCP also protested after a USN MH-60S Seahawk helicopter from Atsugi crashed i
During Spring Atsugi holds an open day. Non-Japanese visitors may be turned away from the gates for security reasons. Prospective attendees who are neither Japanese or American should bring identification and also consult the Third Country National list to see if they require special approval to enter the base. There was an "Atsugi WINGS" air show held until the year 2000, featuring the "diamond of diamonds" display by formations of US Navy aircraft. This was last held in the year 2000. There we
Pages in category "Atsugi, Kanagawa" The following 5 pages are in this category, out of 5 total. This list may not reflect recent changes ().
Atsugi (jap. 厚木市, -shi) ist eine Stadt in der Präfektur Kanagawa in Japan. Innerhalb Japans ist Atsugi vor allem als Vorort der Metropole Tokio - Yokohama bekannt und wird auch in Zusammenhang mit der US-amerikanischen Marinebasis in NAF Atsugi gebracht.
Atsugi (厚木市, Atsugi-shi?) est une ville située dans la préfecture de Kanagawa, au Japon.
Atsugi (厚木市 -shi) é uma cidade japonesa localizada na província de Kanagawa. Em 2003 a cidade tinha uma população estimada em 221 226 habitantes e uma densidade populacional de 2 357,73 h/km².
- 93,83 km²
- 2 357,73 hab./km²
Atsugi Da Wikipedia, l'enciclopedia libera. Questa voce sull'argomento centri abitati della prefettura di Kanagawa è solo un abbozzo. Contribuisci a migliorarla secondo le convenzioni di Wikipedia.
- related to: atsugi kanagawa wikipedia wiki
tripadvisor.com has been visited by 100K+ users in the past month

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
Klang Valley Mass Rapid Transit Serdang - Sungai Buluh - Putrajaya Line (KVMRT) Line 2 Project
The Project entails the DDC7 Civil and Structural Design Services which is one of seven detailed design packages for the Underground Works section of the Klang Valley Mass Rapid Transit Serdang - Sungai Buluh - Putrajaya Line (known as KVMRT Line 2) in Kuala Lumpur.
It consists of three underground stations, namely Conlay Station, Chan Sow Lin Station, as well as alteration and additional works to Tun Razak Exchange Station.
CECI's role as designer involves the following types of activities:
Structural Engineering Design including foundation design;
Geotechnical Engineering Design;
Additional and alternation works to the existing railway station and its facilities (links and systems);
Infrastructure works in relation to or connected to the stations including earthworks, road works, drainage works, utility diversions, traffic diversions and management, walkways, substations and pedestrian bridges;
Coordination with other detailed design consultants;
Other activities, such as, Building Information Modelling (BIM), Risk Management, Interface Management, Value Engineering, etc.


text:
|The LNG terminal is protected against waves from the North Sea by the Northern Breakwater, which has a limited crest height of NAP+2m. Especially during high water levels a significant amount of the wave energy will pass this breakwater and contribute to the wave climate in the LNG channel. With the numerical wave models SWAN and HARES Svašek Hydraulics has constructed a transfer matrix which converts the forecasted swell conditions at Europlatform and the forecasted water level at Hook of Holland into a swell wave height at the LNG terminal.
Other studies for Gate LNG were:
- metocean study (waves, currents, morphology, wind, sea water temperature);
- current modelling in the Gate channel;
- analysing the effects of cold water discharge;
- weather downtime assessment Gate terminal facilities;
- wave buoy measurements at both sides of Northern Breakwater to determine the amount of wave transmission;
- analysis of methods to improve the swell forecast system for Gate LNG.


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OSTI.GOV title logo U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Scientific and Technical Information
Title: Externally controlled local magnetic field in a conducting mesoscopic ring coupled to a quantum wire
Abstract
In the present work, the possibility of regulating local magnetic field in a quantum ring is investigated theoretically. The ring is coupled to a quantum wire and subjected to an in-plane electric field. Under a finite bias voltage across the wire a net circulating current is established in the ring which produces a strong magnetic field at its centre. This magnetic field can be tuned externally in a wide range by regulating the in-plane electric field, and thus, our present system can be utilized to control magnetic field at a specific region. The feasibility of this quantum system in designing spin-based quantum devices is also analyzed.
Authors:
 [1]
 1. Physics and Applied Mathematics Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, 203 Barrackpore Trunk Road, Kolkata-700 108 (India)
Publication Date:
OSTI Identifier:
22412829
Resource Type:
Journal Article
Resource Relation:
Journal Name: Journal of Applied Physics; Journal Volume: 117; Journal Issue: 2; Other Information: (c) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC; Country of input: International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
77 NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY; CONTROL; ELECTRIC FIELDS; ELECTRIC POTENTIAL; MAGNETIC FIELDS; QUANTUM SYSTEMS; QUANTUM WIRES; RINGS; SPIN
Citation Formats
Maiti, Santanu K., E-mail: _EMAIL_. Externally controlled local magnetic field in a conducting mesoscopic ring coupled to a quantum wire. United States: N. p., 2015. Web. doi:10.1063/_PHONE_.
Maiti, Santanu K., E-mail: _EMAIL_. Externally controlled local magnetic field in a conducting mesoscopic ring coupled to a quantum wire. United States. doi:10.1063/_PHONE_.
Maiti, Santanu K., E-mail: _EMAIL_. 2015. "Externally controlled local magnetic field in a conducting mesoscopic ring coupled to a quantum wire". United States. doi:10.1063/_PHONE_.
@article{osti_22412829,
title = {Externally controlled local magnetic field in a conducting mesoscopic ring coupled to a quantum wire},
author = {Maiti, Santanu K., E-mail: _EMAIL_},
abstractNote = {In the present work, the possibility of regulating local magnetic field in a quantum ring is investigated theoretically. The ring is coupled to a quantum wire and subjected to an in-plane electric field. Under a finite bias voltage across the wire a net circulating current is established in the ring which produces a strong magnetic field at its centre. This magnetic field can be tuned externally in a wide range by regulating the in-plane electric field, and thus, our present system can be utilized to control magnetic field at a specific region. The feasibility of this quantum system in designing spin-based quantum devices is also analyzed.},
doi = {10.1063/_PHONE_},
journal = {Journal of Applied Physics},
number = 2,
volume = 117,
place = {United States},
year = 2015,
month = 1
}
 - We study the persistent currents induced by both the Aharonov-Bohm and Aharonov-Casher effects in a one-dimensional mesoscopic ring coupled to a sidebranch quantum dot at Kondo resonance. For privileged values of the Aharonov-Bohm-Casher fluxes, the problem can be mapped onto an integrable model, exactly solvable by a Bethe ansatz. In the case of a pure magnetic Aharonov-Bohm flux, we find that the presence of the quantum dot has no effect on the persistent current. In contrast, the Kondo resonance interferes with the spin-dependent Aharonov-Casher effect to induce a current which, in the strong-coupling limit, is independent of the number ofmore » electrons in the ring.« less
 - We have performed [ital Z]-pinch experiments in which an aluminum plasma jet is imploded onto a coaxial, micrometer-diameter wire. X-ray pinhole images and temporally resolved x-ray data indicate that energy is initially supplied to the aluminum plasma jet, then transferred to the wire at the peak compression of the implosion. When a dc magnetic field is applied axially, growth of instabilities of the imploding aluminum plasma are reduced, and the production of x rays from the embedded wire is enhanced. These experiments demonstrate that an imploding plasma liner efficiently couples energy from a pulsed power generator into a micrometer-sized-diameter channel.
 - The evolution of ordered steps and facets on III-V semiconductor surfaces is used to directly synthesize quantum wire structures by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). The existence of macrosteps on (311)A GaAs with a periodicity of 32 {Angstrom} and a step height of 10 {Angstrom} during MBE allows us to produce alternating thicker and thinner channels of GaAs in an AlAs matrix. The accumulation of steps by step bunching on (210) GaAs makes feasible the fabrication of mesoscopic step arrays in a GaAs/AlAs multilayer structure having a periodicity which is comparable to the exciton Bohr radius. Finally, a fraction of amore » strained InAs monolayer on (311)A GaAs is sufficient to change the surface morphology reversibly from corrugated to flat. After evaporation of the InAs the corrugation appears again. This opens a new way to tune and manipulate surface and interface corrugations on high-index semiconductor surfaces. The existence of the GaAs quantum wire structures and the tunability of their shape is confirmed by reflection high-energy electron diffraction, atomic force microscopy, high-resolution electron microscopy, and by the distinct electronic properties. 18 refs., 9 figs.« less


In a short form "Trekking is an act of walking for pleasure".
Trekking is walking along the mountain/ Hill / Himalayan trails for pleasure or sports. It provides an opportunity to explore the villages, villagers, valleys, mountains and its interior. So trekking means foot travel on mountain trails.
The Wikipedia's definition of trekking: "Trekking is a form of walking, undertaken with the specific purpose of exploring and enjoying the scenery. It usually takes place on trails in areas of relatively unspoiled wilderness. "
Related Links


var
# prints Hello World
puts $var
# prints 2
Tcl allows you to pass arguments by reference through the use of the upvar command. The format
of the upvar command is as follows:
upvar ?? ? ...?
The is the name of the variable outside the local scope while is the variable
name that will be used to refer to that variable locally. can be a variable, an array, or an
array element.
Note You will need to use passing by reference to pass array information to a procedure. Array
values can not be passed as procedure arguments. Keyed lists should also be passed by reference.
For example:
# Set a variable in the caller's scope
proc myset {varname} {
upvar 1 $varname localvar
set localvar 2
}
expect4.2> info exists myvar
0
expect4.3> myset myvar
2
expect4.4> info exists myvar
1
expect4.5> puts $myvar
2
Notice that rather than passing the contents of variable "myvar" to "myset", the name of the variable
is passed. The "myset" procedure then uses the upvar command to map a local variable name,
localvar, to myvar in the callers stack.
The option allows you to specify the level at which the variable exists that you are
referencing. By default, upvar references the callers stack level. You can modify the referenced
levels using two formats:
You'll typically allow the to default to "1". The following example produces similar effects
to the global command:
upvar #0 global_var myvar
This maps the local variable "myvar" to the variable "global_var" at global level.
Essentially, upvar aliases a variable in a different scope to a local variable.
Note It's recommended that you always specify the level, as it can run into problems if the variable
name begins with a digit or # sign. It's also recommended to use the same variable names for
otherVar and myVar, except that otherVar has underscore before it. This makes it easier to associate
the two variables
Using the "uplevel" command
The uplevel command is used to execute code outside
the scope of a procedure.
Syntax:
uplevel ?? \
?? ...
By default, is the caller's stack level, "1".
uplevel [n] ... References the level stacks down
uplevel [#n] ... References level
Returns the result of executing the command.
Examples:
uplevel info vars
uplevel #0 info vars
– Results in an error when executed at the command prompt.
Using the "uplevel" Command
Executing Code Outside Your Scope—The uplevel command can be used to execute code outside
the scope of a procedure. This command accepts a variable number of arguments: an optional level
at which to execute the code and the command to execute with its arguments. uplevel returns the
result from executing the command. For example:
# Show the variable in the caller's stack
uplevel info vars
# Show the variables at global level
uplevel #0 info vars
The "test_config" procedure used to organize test scripts uses the uplevel command to remove its
own stack level as in:
proc test_config {args} {
uplevel eval $args
}
Thursday, August 16, 2012
FTP
1. What is FTP Used for?
FTP is used to transfer files over a network.
2. Does FTP use TCP or UDP as it's transport layer protocol?
TCP
3. Which is one FTP Server you have installed?
Window 2003 /Windows XP/ Ubuntu
4. Which FTP command is used to upload and download files from the client to the server?
PUT and GET
5. How many TCP 3 way connections are established between the FTP client and the server before data can be exchanged
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4
Which command can the FTP client use to download a file from the FTP server
a) get
b) put
c) mkdir
d) None of these
In Active FTP, which of the devices would send the PORT command
a) FTP client
b) FTP Server
c) Switch
d) PORT command is used only on the internet
Where should the type of FTP (Active or Passive) be configured
a) FTP Server
b) FTP Client
c) FTP Client and FTP Server
d) None of the above
If the client and the server is configured for passive FTP, which device would initiate the TCP data connection
a) FTP Client
b) FTP Server
c) Switch
d) None of the above
What information is not available in the PORT command
a) Port number to which the TCP connection is to be initiated
b) IP address to which the TCP connection is to be initiated
c) IP address of the switch
d) None of the above
What would be the TCP source port number which would be used by the FTP client to initiate the control connection
a) dynamic port number
b) 21
c) 20
d) A registered port number
When is the FTP PORT command sent?
a) After the control connection is established
b) After the data connection is established
c) After the data is exchanged
d) Before the control connection is established
If the FTP Server is configured for anonymous access, which TCP connections for establishing the FTP connection can be avoided.
a) FTP Control connection
b) FTP Data connection
c) Both control and data connection would be used irrespective of the access type
d) FTP anonymous connection
Internet Troubleshooting
Problem: The user on PC1 is unable to access an internet.
Network Troubleshooting tips:
1. Verify the link and cable with PC1 and the switch.
2. Verify that the configured IP address on PC1 is valid.
2. Test connectivity with PC2, issue a ping
3. Test the connectivity with the router from PC1, which is the default gateway, issue a ping.
4. Ensure that the default gateway and DNS server IP address is configured on PC1.
5. Ensure that the DNS server IP address configured on PC1 is reachable. Issue a ping to the DNS server from PC1
6. Verify that the internet link of the router is up.
7. Ensure that the router has received a public IP address from the ISP.
8. Ensure that the default gateway IP address of the router is reachable from the router, Issue a ping from the router's console.
9. Verify NAT (Network address translation) configuration on the router.
Remote Connectivity.
Refer the exhibit above:
PC2 is located in UK and has a public IP address assigned by the respective ISP. The ADSL router in India also has a public IP address from the respective ISP in India. The ADSL router is configured for PAT (Port address translation). PC1 has a private IP address and has a Web Server enabled.
Questions
1. What should be done in the above configuration so that the web server on PC1 is accessible to PC2.
2. What would be the source IP address of an IP packet which sends data from PC1 to PC2 when it reaches PC2.
3. Should PC1 have a public IP address for it to be accessible by PC2.
4. How does an IP packet initiated from PC1 reach PC2.
5. How does PC2 know the IP address to reach PC1
Answers
1. The router should be configured for port-forwarding feature. The internal IP address of PC1 should be mapped to correct port; In this case, the web server port which is TCP port 80
2. The source IP address of the IP packet would be the routers public IP address. This is because the private IP address of PC1 would be translated at the router's interface before it exits the router.
3. It is not necessary for PC1 to have a public IP address. Port forwarding can be configured for the internal private IP address.
4. The IP packet initiated from PC1 to PC2 would be send to the router. On the router, PAT would be applied on the IP packet, which would translate the source IP address in the IP packet. After this process, the default route on the router would forward the packet to it's default gateway, which would then forward to it's gateway and ultimately the packet would reach the destination. (PC2)
5. In the above scenario, PC1 has a private IP address. So PC2 would need to know the IP address of the ADSL router which would then forward the packet to PC1 since port forwarding is configured on it.
What is the difference between NAT and Proxy Server
Take a scenario where there are two organizations. Organization 1 has an internet connection, which is shared by the users of the organization with a NAT device. Organization 2 has an internet connection, which is shared by the users of the organization by a proxy server. Let's understand what happens in both the scenarios.
Assume that the default gateway address of the TCP/IP adapter setting of the users PC is configured with the IP address of the NAT device. At organization 1, when a user attempts to access a device on the internet through any protocol like HTTP, FTP, Ping, Telnet etc, the IP packet carrying the traffic would be sent to the default gateway and NAT applied on the packet. When NAT is applied, the source IP address of the IP packet generated by the user would be re-


DF2014:Date palm
From Dwarf Fortress Wiki
(Redirected from DF2014:Date)
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Date palm
Urist likes date palms for their fruit.
Wet Dry
Deciduous No
Density 820
Max trunk height 8
Max trunk diameter 1
Trunk branching 0
Heavy branch radius 1
Branch radius 2
Root radius 3
Heavy branch density 0
Branch density 0
Root density 5
Wood Date palm wood
Fruit Date
Flower Date palm flower stalk
Alcohol Date wine
Flower Properties
Edible Yes
Cookable Yes
Fruit Properties
Edible Yes
Cookable Yes
Seed Properties
Edible No
Wikipedia article
This article is about the current version of DF.
Date palms are one of the many genera of trees found above ground. Like the vast majority of above ground trees, date palm wood is brown and produces brown products.
Date palms bear dates that can be harvested by setting up a gathering zone. They can be eaten raw, cooked, or brewed into date wine. The flower stalks can also be harvested in the spring, but can only be eaten or cooked. Due to their narrow profile and the height that they grow to, date palms may not be worth harvesting unless nothing else is available.
Some dwarves like date palms for their fruit.
Admired for its fruit.
"Date palm" in other Languages Books-aj.svg aj ashton 01.svg
Dwarven: dëm kulin
Elvish: iÿi mimi
Goblin: xenak luböm
Human: begu esme


SUB_INV is not assigned with anything, so it is empty (NULL), so it is correctly empty in DBMS_OUTPUT. You may put there NULL directly.
Without the variable, you may use plain SQL (no procedure), so the will be easier.
Instead of repeating the same query, you should rather describe in words what is required.
Currently, you have 13 rows from MTL_SECONDARY_INVENTORIES (it is the number how many times "CP7-41J-" is repeated in the current output).
You have 10 hard-coded (ORG_CODE, LOCATOR) pairs.
You probably want to assign them to SUB_INVs returned from the first query.
But, it is totally unclear, how are they related? What is the logical rule for their relation?
Run the query from MTL_SECONDARY_INVENTORIES standalone (probably the one from the initial post should suffice).
Examine its result - column SECONDARY_INVENTORY_NAME and eventually any other relevant ones.
State how exactly are these rows related to those hardcoded values in UNION (if they really are).
Only after determining these rules start writing code for achieving the required result.]]>
flyboy 2019-01-24T09:49:58-00:00
Re: tried to execute the below code. Its run but not getting expected output /forum/mv/msg/205495/674386/#msg_674386
You can't stick a sub-query in one select in a set of unioned selects and expect it to apply to all the other unioned selects.
It'll only apply to the one it's in.
]]>
cookiemonster 2019-01-24T10:13:45-00:00
Re: tried to execute the below code. Its run but not getting expected output /forum/mv/msg/205495/674392/#msg_674392
Need the output as the ten pair of hard coded values (ORG_CODE, LOCATOR) from dual with Sub_Inv from MTL_SECONDARY_INVENTORIES and that all things integrate in single FOR LOOP. Could you please provide me the query example on the same.]]>
Hriday2289 2019-01-25T02:08:10-00:00
Re: tried to execute the below code. Its run but not getting expected output /forum/mv/msg/205495/674393/#msg_674393 Hriday2289 wrote on Thu, 24 January 2019 18:08
Hello,
Need the output as the ten pair of hard coded values (ORG_CODE, LOCATOR) from dual with Sub_Inv from MTL_SECONDARY_INVENTORIES and that all things integrate in single FOR LOOP. Could you please provide me the query example on the same.
It appears that you do NOT know the difference between SQL and PL/SQL.
Please read and follow the forum guidelines, to enable us to help you:
OraFAQ Forum Guide
How to use {code} tags and make your code easier to read
]]>
BlackSwan 2019-01-25T03:19:24-00:00
Re: tried to execute the below code. Its run but not getting expected output /forum/mv/msg/205495/674395/#msg_674395 Michel Cadot wrote on Thu, 24 January 2019 08:00
Michel Cadot wrote on Wed, 23 January 2019 13:29
Welcome to the forum.
Please read OraFAQ Forum Guide and How to use [code] tags and make your code easier to read.
Indent the code, use code tags and align the columns in result.
Also always post your Oracle version, with 4 decimals, as solution depends on it.
With any SQL or PL/SQL question, please, Post a working Test case: create table (including all constraints) and insert statements along with the result you want with these data then we will be able work with your table and data. Explain with words and sentences the rules that lead to this result.
]]>
Michel Cadot 2019-01-25T07:17:28-00:00
Re: tried to execute the below code. Its run but not getting expected output /forum/mv/msg/205495/674396/#msg_674396 Quote:
State how exactly are these rows related to those hardcoded values in UNION (if they really are).
Assuming there is no relationship between these queries and exactly 10 rows shall be reported regardless number of rows returned from MTL_SECONDARY_INVENTORIES, you may join them on surrogate column identifying row number, something like:
select i.org_code||'-'||i.locator||'-'||msi.sub_inv
from (
 SELECT 'CG1' as org_code, '73A' as locator, 1 as rn FROM DUAL
 UNION ALL
 SELECT 'CG2', '19B', 2 FROM DUAL
 UNION ALL
 SELECT 'CG4', '15C', 3 FROM DUAL
 UNION ALL
 SELECT 'CG6', '35D', 4 FROM DUAL
 UNION ALL
 SELECT 'CG7', '66I', 5 FROM DUAL
 UNION ALL
 SELECT 'CP1', '75E', 6 FROM DUAL
 UNION ALL
 SELECT 'CP2', '59F', 7 FROM DUAL
 UNION ALL
 SELECT 'CP4', '39G', 8 FROM DUAL
 UNION ALL
 SELECT 'CP6', '71H', 9 FROM DUAL
 UNION ALL
 SELECT 'CP7', '41J', 10 FROM DUAL
 ) i
 left join (
 SELECT secondary_inventory_name as sub_inv, rownum as rn
 FROM mtl_secondary_inventories
 WHERE secondary_inventory_name like '%RCV-CAPXU%'
 ) msi
 on (i.rn = msi.rn);
[Edit: added aliases to the query]]]>
flyboy 2019-01-25T07:53:16-00:00
Re: tried to execute the below code. Its run but not getting expected output /forum/mv/msg/205495/674504/#msg_674504
I tried the above given code, I did some modification into it and its working.. thank you
Now, Integrate this code to stock locator API, trying to automate this process but got error while compiling the below code.
Please Help..!!
SET SERVEROUTPUT ON;
Create or Replace Procedure testcreatelocator
as
l_return_status VARCHAR2(1);
l_msg_count NUMBER;
l_msg_data VARCHAR2(2000);
l_inventory_location_id NUMBER;
l_locator_exists VARCHAR2(1);
l_organization_id NUMBER;
l_organization_code VARCHAR2(10);
l_subinventory_code VARCHAR2(10);
l_concatenated_segments VARCHAR2(100);
begin
for j in (select stk.organization_code||'-'||locator||'-'||subinventory_code||'-'||organization_id Locators
from (SELECT 'CG1' as organization_code, '73A' as locator FROM DUAL
UNION ALL
SELECT 'CG2', '19B' FROM DUAL
UNION ALL
SELECT 'CG4', '15C' FROM DUAL
UNION ALL
SELECT 'CG6', '35D' FROM DUAL
UNION ALL
SELECT 'CG7', '66I' FROM DUAL
UNION ALL
SELECT 'CP1', '75E' FROM DUAL
UNION ALL
SELECT 'CP2', '59F' FROM DUAL
UNION ALL
SELECT 'CP4', '39G' FROM DUAL
UNION ALL
SELECT 'CP6', '71H' FROM DUAL) stk
left join (SELECT msit.secondary_inventory_name as subinventory_code,
msit.organization_id as organization_id,
ood.organization_code as organization_code
FROM mtl_secondary_inventories msit,
ORG_ORGANIZATION_DEFINITIONS ood
WHERE secondary_inventory_name like '%RCV-CAPXU%'
and msit.organization_id = ood.organization_id) msi
on (stk.organization_code = msi.organization_code))loop
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE (j.locators);
l_concatenated_segments := j.Locators;
l_organization_id := j.organization_id;
l_organization_code := j.organization_code;
l_subinventory_code := j.subinventory_code;
INV_LOC_WMS_PUB.CREATE_LOCATOR(
x_return_status => l_return_status,
x_msg_count => l_msg_count,
x_msg_data => l_msg_data,
x_inventory_location_id => l_inventory_location_id,
x_locator_exists => l_locator_exists,
p_organization_id


text:
Other Words for Unity
Unity as a Adjective has these synonyms:
oneness, singularity, integrity, singleness, congruity, uniformity, congruousness, homogeneity, identity, sameness, resemblance, likeness, similarity, similitude
Example: If there is little unity between your ideas and those of the organization, perhaps you should resign.
unification, uniting, combination
Example: In unity is strength.
Unity as a Verb has these synonyms:
consistency, unanimity, constancy, uniformity, sameness, consensus, agreement, concord, concordance, accord, solidarity, compatibility, concurrence, continuity, consentaneousness, rapport, sympathy, like-mindedness
Example: All members of the association enjoy a unity of purpose.

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


text:
Scaevola taccada is a dense, spreading shrub that generally grows up to 3 meter in height. The light green leaves are somewhat succulent with a waxy covering and are alternately arranged along the stem.
The blades are elongated and rounded at the tips, 5 to 20 cm long and 5 to 7 cm wide and the edges are often curled downward. The flowers are white or cream colored, often with purple streaks, 8 - 12 mm long, and have a pleasant fragrance. They have an irregular shape with all five petals on one side of the flower making it appear to have been torn in half. The flowers grow in small clusters from the leaf axils near the ends of the stems. The fruits of Scaevola taccada are fleshy berries. They are white, oblong, and about 1 cm long. The seeds are beige, corky and ridged. The inside of the fruit is spongy or corky and the fruits are buoyant. They can float for months in the ocean and still germinate after having been in salt water for up to a year. One study showed that the seeds germinated best after 250 days in salt water.
(National Tropical Botanical Garden (NTBG). 1994. Naupaka. In Native Hawaiian plant information sheets. Lawai, Kauai: Hawaii Plant Conservation Center. National Tropical Botanical Garden. Unpublished internal papers.)
(Rauch, Fred D., Heidi L. Bornhorst, and David L. Hensley. 1997. Beach Naupaka, Ornamentals and Flowers.)
(Wagner, Warren L., Darrel R. Herbst, and S. H. Sohmer. 1990. Manual of the flowering plants of Hawai'i.)
(Bornhorst, Heidi L. 1996. Growing native Hawaiian plants: a how-to guide for the gardener.)


text:
This video shows a Level 300 Student teaching Shapes and Space in Mathematics at Dambai D.A. Basic Six on 3rd April, 2017.
The focus of this practice of Model teaching adopted by the college is to allow teacher trainees put into practice the teaching competencies learnt.
Lesson observation guide is used to assess the student teacher's performance in the lesson preparation, delivery and evaluation and provide him with the feedback for improvement where necessary. This feedback tool looks at Lesson Preparation, Lesson Delivery and Lesson Evaluation as the main areas of observation.
Your comments are welcome


text:
Characterization of the mitral valve using accelerated wear testing
Riggan, Courtney N.
MetadataShow full item record
There is a fundamental need for a better kind of long-term testing for artificial heart valves along with a biologically equivalent artificial mitral valve. Accelerated wear testing has been used for a long period of time in the engineering field to test the failure modes of materials and devices, but has not been widely accepted in the medical device area. The mitral valve is difficult to get to and therefore little is known about the leaflet motion. The lab has obtained a closed-system, compact, accelerated wear testing apparatus designed for aortic valves, and nothing is known about the device. The lab deals exclusively with mitral valves. The objective of this study is to characterize and fully understand this accelerated wear testing apparatus, to modify it to run with mitral valves and to define the mitral valve motion using pressure waveforms and leaflet motion. This was achieved by calibrating and verifying the device using an aortic valve with a known pressure curve. The device was then modified to fit mitral valves and the motor motion was measured to characterize the movement of the apparatus. A pressure waveform was then obtained for the mitral valve. Images of the mitral valve were obtained for these pressures and orifice area was calculated. This information gives a clear understanding about the design and function of the device and of the mitral valve.


text:
A Hierarchical Keyframe User Interface for Browsing Video over the Internet
We present an interactive content-based video browser allowing fast, non linear and hierarchical navigation of video over the Internet through multiple levels of key-frames that provide a visual summary of video content. Our method is based on an XML framework, dynamically generated parameterized XSL style sheets, and SMIL. The architecture is designed to incorporate additional recognized features (e.g. from audio) in future versions. The last part of this paper describes a user study which indicates that this browsing interface is more comfortable to use and approximately three times faster for locating remembered still images within videos compared to the simple VCR controls built into RealPlayer.


\$\endgroup\$
3
 - 2
 \$\begingroup\$ So you are claiming Heavy(886,887) = Heavy(6,7)? \$\endgroup\$
 – Aryabhatta
 Mar 22, 2011 at 17:44
 - \$\begingroup\$ @Moron: No, because the first two 8s change the threshold for heaviness. In the example, the first two were 86, which average to 7 and thus don't change the threshold. If (8+8+x)/3 > 7, then x>5. So Heavy(886,887,7.0) == Heavy(6,7,5.0). \$\endgroup\$
 – Phil H
 Apr 13, 2011 at 10:16
 - \$\begingroup\$ @Phil H, I don't think this idea as it stands would work: if you take 9900 and 9999, it would alter it to could the heavies between 0 and 99, taking e.g. 8 into account and 9908 is not a heavy number (@Aryabhatta). \$\endgroup\$
 – crogg01
 May 14, 2014 at 15:54
3
\$\begingroup\$
Maybe you can skip many candidates in the interval from a to b by accumulating their "heaviness".
if you know the length of you number you know that every digit can change the heaviness by only 1/length.
So, if you start at one number which is not heavy you should be able to calculate the next number which will be heavy, if you increase them by one.
In your example above starting at 8680 avg=5.5, which is 7-5.5=1.5 point away from you heaviness border, you'd know that there are 1.5/(1/4)=6 numbers in between, which are NOT heavy.
That should to the trick!
\$\endgroup\$
2
 - \$\begingroup\$ Same goes for a row of "heavy" numbers. You can just calculate the number and skip them! \$\endgroup\$
 – Thorben
 Mar 22, 2011 at 12:52
 - 1
 \$\begingroup\$ Just multiply everything by the number of digits and you will get rid of those pesky /lengths. \$\endgroup\$
 – aib
 Mar 22, 2011 at 13:02
1
\$\begingroup\$
How about a simple recursive function? To keep things simple, it calculates all heavy numbers with digits digits, and a minimal digit sum of min_sum.
int count_heavy(int digits,int min_sum) {
 if (digits * 9 < min_sum)//impossible (ie, 2 digits and min_sum=19)
 return 0; //this pruning is what makes it fast
 if (min_sum <= 0)
 return pow(10,digits);//any digit will do,
 // (ie, 2 digits gives 10*10 possibilities)
 if (digits == 1)
 //recursion base
 return 10-min_sum;//only the highest digits
 //recursion step
 int count = 0;
 for (i = 0; i <= 9; i++)
 {
 //let the first digit be i, then
 count += count_heavy(digits - 1, min_sum - i);
 }
 return count;
}
count_heavy(9,7*9+1); //average of 7,thus sum is 7*9, the +1 is 'exceeds'.
Implemented this in python and it found all 9-digit heavy numbers in ~2 seconds. A little bit of dynamic programming could improve this.
\$\endgroup\$
0
\$\begingroup\$
C, for interval [a,b] it is O(b-a)
c(n,s,j){return n?c(n/10,s+n%10,j+1):s>7*j;}
HeftyDecimalCount(a,b){int r; for(r=0;a<=b;++a)r+=c(a,0,0); return r;}
//the exercise
main()
{
 printf("[9480,9489]=%d\n", HeftyDecimalCount(9480,9489));
 printf("[0,_PHONE_]=%d\n", HeftyDecimalCount(9480,_PHONE_));
 return 0;
}
//the results
//[9480,9489]=2
//[0,_PHONE_]=66575
\$\endgroup\$
2
 - \$\begingroup\$ What does it mean "Standard loopholes"? \$\endgroup\$
 – user58988
 Apr 16, 2017 at 17:28
 - 1
 \$\begingroup\$ @Riker Here the tag is not <codegolf> it is <fast algorithm > \$\endgroup\$
 – user58988
 Dec 13, 2017 at 20:47


HTML Card Examples - Twitter
Introduction
In the Concierge Visual Editor, users are able to create custom content for their concierge using the HTML card. There are many use cases, and this talks about just one.
Before you get started, you'll need:
 - A Concierge, with "Allow Javascript in Capacity response" enabled in its Settings under the "Other" tab
 - A public Twitter feed or single Tweet to use. It can be yours or a different (public) account.
 - A site to test the concierge. It can be a Capacity site, but you can't test in the console.
This article has three guides: how to embed a Twitter feed, how to embed a single Tweet, and how to embed a Twitter button.
How To Create the HTML Card
First, navigate to the Concierge 2.0 Visual Editor, in Settings > Concierges -> [Your Concierge] -> Concierge 2.0. If you don't see Settings in the Capacity web console, you'll need your organization's administrator to help.
Find the area you want to add the content, then click the plus button in the visual editor and select "HTML card".
Next, click the plus button that appears (not the one below the card) and add a section for HTML code.
How To Embed a Feed
If you'd like to embed a living, breathing Twitter feed, it's easy!
In the HTML code text field that appeared, paste the code found at this link:
_URL_
You'll likely want to change three values:
 - After "twitter.com/", add the handle for the feed you'd like to show
 - After "data-tweet-limit", add the number of Tweets you'd like to show. It's recommended that this number is less than 5.
 - Before the closing tag "", add a title. Possibly "Tweets by" and the Twitter handle. This is the title of the feed.
Be sure to save your concierge. Then, view it somewhere outside the console for an accurate view. A Capacity Site works.
That's it! See an example of the feed below.
How To Embed a Single Tweet
If your concierge users will be overwhelmed by a full feed, and you want them to just focus on a single post, consider this customization.
For this tutorial, you'll need to get the URL for your single Tweet. This is available by viewing the Tweet in a browser, and clicking the date next to the Tweet. In this case, we'll use a Capacity one from April 11th.
Copying the URL
Doing this should lead you to a URL like _URL_ Copy it.
Using the Publishing Tool
Once you have that, navigate to Twitter's official publishing tool. Scroll down and pick "Embedded Tweet".
Embedding
You'll see a popup. Add the URL you copied earlier, and click Preview.
You'll see the HTML that you need. Click "Copy Code".
Adding to the Concierge
Next, navigate back to the Capacity console, and paste that code inside your HTML Card's HTML code field. Then, be sure to save your concierge. Finally, view it somewhere outside the console to validate that it's functioning properly. A Capacity Site works. This is what it should look like, complete with buttons for liking, replying, copying a link, and reading more!
How to Embed a Twitter button
In a new tab, navigate to Twitter's official publishing tool. Paste in a Twitter account and click the arrow.
You'll see options for Follow or Mention buttons.
After selecting your button, you'll see the code. Copy it.
Then, navigate back to your concierge's settings, and paste your code into the HTML card in the HTML code section.
Be sure to save your concierge. Then, view it somewhere outside the console for an accurate view. A Capacity Site works.
That's it! See an example of the button below. The button and card can be styled even more with additional code.
Was this article helpful?


text:
'Bristol Cats' study, growing from strength to strength!
What's it all about?
The 'Bristol Cats' study is a 'first of its kind' study by the University of Bristol, investigating the health, welfare and behaviour of cats living in the UK. The study is taking place to help find the causes of common behaviour problems and diseases of cats - eg obesity & hyperthyroidism - as the causes of these conditions are poorly understood.
How is information collected?
Information is collected via four questionnaires when kittens are aged eight to16 weeks, six, 12 and 18 months of age. The data will be analysed to see what extent certain characteristics eg obesity are associated with management - eg diet, lifestyle and other factors eg breed.
What are the benefits?
The researchers aim to provide guidance to practitioners, owners and the cat community at large, to improve the health and welfare of cats. In order to do this, they need the help of kitten owners and hope to enrol 900 kittens by December 2011 to ensure robust statistical results.
Study progress to date...
Between March and September 2011, 588 kittens registered on the study – a fantastic response and thank you to everyone who has already enrolled! Not surprisingly, the most commonly registered cat breed was found to be the moggy/mixed breed/domestic short hair.
How to get involved:
Can you help by spreading the word to kitten owners, cat breeders or anyone with a kitten? If so, please contact the 'Bristol Cat' study team at the University of Bristol, using the details below, to request a poster to display and a supply of flyers to pass on to kitten owners.
Alternatively, if you have a kitten between eight and 16 weeks of age, please log-on to the study website and complete a questionnaire. The researchers are also keen to hear from owners of more than one kitten. Full details about the study can be found at _URL_ together with a link to the first questionnaire. Please also contact the team if you would prefer to receive a paper copy of the questionnaire in the post.
With grateful thanks for your help!
The 'Bristol Cats' study team
Bristol Cats, Dr Jane Murray
University of Bristol
Tel: 07827 981412


text:
If your linked server connection doesn't work, you won't get far when you try to run distributed queries. Here are some common problems you might encounter when configuring the Oracle client, along with ways to overcome them:
- Receiving an Invalid Login message. This problem occurs when the login you use to connect to the linked server isn't valid on the Oracle server. To test the login's validity, first try to connect using the Oracle sample Scott/tiger user ID and password.
- Receiving the message Credential Retrieval Failed. This message appears when the client machine is trying to use NTS authentication and authentication is failing. You can correct this problem by commenting out the following parameter in the sqlnet.ora file on the client machine: _TAG_.Authentication_services = (NTS). (The # symbol designates a comment). You can find the sqlnet.ora file in the \oracle\ora92\network\ADMIN directory.
- Can't connect from a WAN link or from a different subnet. This problem can occur when the Oracle listen port isn't available. Make sure port 1521 is open. If this port is open, double-check the Oracle listener's configuration to determine whether the default port has changed.


Do you use gunpowder or not?
It seems that the default setting for most fantasy campaigns is "no gunpowder". Certainly amongst the older crowd (such as myself), that is something that was ingrained into us at an early age, when we read these words in the 1st edition Dungeon Masters Guide:
Unless you desire to have gunpowder muddying the waters in your fantasy world, it is strongly urged that BOOT HILL firearms be confined to specific areas, and when gunpowder is brought into the fantasy world it becomes inert junk — ergo, no clever alchemist can duplicate it. Likewise, dynamite and similar explosives become inert.
Certainly I didn't want to "muddy the waters" of my early campaigns, and dutifully kept guns out of the picture for many years. Gygax reiterated the sentiment in later years as well.
But I have to wonder if that's really a necessity (or even a good thing), since gunpowder was such an integral part of warfare in the Middle Ages in Europe. The Chinese had gunpowder weapons in the 11th century (or possibly earlier), and the Moors were using cannon against the Christians in Spain in the 13th century. The English had cannon by the 14th, and by the later years of the century they were mounted on wheels and could be (relatively) easily moved from battle to battle.
"Hand cannons" (I love that name) came relatively soon thereafter, but Europe didn't see the first things that would be identifiable as modern-looking guns until the development of the arquebus in the 15th century. Still within the upper range of the "quasi-medieval" time period that most fantasy RPGs seem to embrace.
Personally, I am stricken with an image of dwarven armies with sections of handgonners, and I don't think having arquebusiers unbalances a game any more than squares of pikemen or lines of halberdiers.
I put the question to the floor. Have you ever included gunpowder and handgonnes in your fantasy RPG? With what sort of success (or failure)?
Written by
23 thoughts on "Do you use gunpowder or not?
 1. For me, it's a simple matter of not liking to mix science with magic.
 Living in a world based upon science, I don't turn to it for my escapism.
 No gunpowder in my Gaming World.
 2. Gunpowder was part of The fantasy Trip by default, but I don't remember us using it. I think it was because none of the characters could afford it, though.
 I think the real problem with gunpowder is that it starts arguments about how effective it should be rules-wise.
 3. I did consider it when I started our current game; but I ended up choosing to keep it sword and bow-focused. This did pay dividends when they chose to follow the doors to other worlds, and faced off against opponents with "magic weapons" (9mm handguns) in San Francisco.
 I think they're still carrying one around. It usually doesn't work. I'm not sure if they've figured out that when the flashlight works, then the handgun will work as well.
 4. Gunpowder, to my understanding, basically negates armor, which is a problem in a Medieval-ish game.
 Given the length of time to reload an ancient firearm and their inaccuracy and untrustworthiness, perhaps a firearm could be treated like a magic item.
 You have to prep it, roll to see if it activates, then the target gets a saving throw. Higher level warriors can reload quicker and have a better chance of successful firing.
 5. As a rule, no. Gunpowder just never "felt" right in D&D to me and my campaign. Later on I've grown a bit softer to the idea and will be working on exceptions for devoted followers of Murlynd. It's a concept I'm still trying to flesh out…
 PS – the gun powder rules for Pathfinder do seem well balanced for that system if you are interested in looking to other sources.
 6. I could see permitting hand-cannons in ACKS, with d10 damage (compared to a heavy crossbow's d8), rate of fire 1, -1 to initiative due to reloading and general awkwardness, and range comparable to a crossbow. I would tend to handwave the natural innacuracy of the device balancing out its effectiveness in piercing armor, for no net attack modifiers.
 And honestly, since Domains at War has rules for petards and the hoisting thereof, such a weapon might not be amiss.
 7. When we started out, we took Gary's admonition to heart, but then along came Dragon #60 (and later, Dragon #70), and some of us really wanted to try them out. Since then it's been a matter of worldbuilding as to whether or not to have them. I tend to avoid guns, but then I tend toward Iron Age settings. Plus, they never included the weapon vs. AC tables for those, and I tended to use that rule (if I were to use them today, I'd include a bonus chart that made all armor types better than AC10 equal to AC9, with magic bonuses improving AC as normal, and maybe an extra bonus point of AC for shields).
 Fantasy Wargaming has handguns (since it covers up to the late 15th century), and so do a few other games (TFT was noted above, RQ3 had them in Land of Ninja, and so forth), and we used them in those as needed.
 I'm intrigued by the idea of a caplock-based firearms technology in a fantasy world, but I think that setting is going to see some work by me in traditional fiction first (not least so I can see how it will be different than Stephen King's Mid-World). In fact, that's my goal for NaNoWriMo this year.
 8. Actually, gunpowder does not entirely negate armour, though it will make it at least much heavier (or no heavier but of very high quality, well tempered steel, and thus fantastically expensive). Some armour was heavy enough to withstand pointblank pistol fire – one account from either the ECW or 30 Yrs War had a cuirassier firing his wheellock directly into an enemy's helmet, and not even stunning the latter. It was probably a very thick and heavy helmet, though.
 I have no serious issue with using gunpowder – it is technically default even for OD&D, as some stats are given both in Chainmail and Greyhawk. As long as one realizes that a gun's punching power does not necessarily mean more killing power (i.e. "damage") you should do all right.
 Note that allowing reliable repeating weapons, such as revolvers, effectively renders medieval style weapons useless.
 9. First off, I don't generally include gunpowder. But the things you use gunpowder for, you can get away with using crossbows, catapults, and Fireballs. So no great loss.
 Second, gunpowder doesn't make armor useless. The earliest black powder firearms were inaccurate, slow, and weak compared to a trained archer. But gun technology improved faster than armor tech, so that gradually by the 17th century armor phased out. We used metal cuirasses and helmets as late as WW2, which at medium range could withstand SMG fire. The main problem is that as guns get better, the armor you need to remain safe becomes heavier, until it's too expensive and too much a liability.
 Keep guns to muzzle-loading, single-shot, ball and powder guns and you're perfectly fine.
 Chainmail rules for firearms suggest an arquebusier kills any normal man he hits, which means it always deals the equivalent of 6 HP of damage. You could also say roll twice and keep the better damage, or even d6+3 perhaps. Guns don't need to be more deadly than getting stabbed with a sword.
 However, I think the problem I normally have with gunpowder is that players inevitably stockpile it to use as an explosive. Mythbusters' tests with black powder suggest its explosive potential is pretty limited unless it's in a keg, and even then it's not going to blow a hole in a castle wall. You're better off firing a cannon at the castle! But try telling your hopeful, bright-eyed players that.
 Also, what happens when an M-U, disappointed with the performance of the party's single-shot black powder guns, uses magic to improve the metallurgy and propellant, and enchants the gun to fire from a pouch much like a bow would auto-load from an enchanted quiver?
 Like ninjas, it seems like if you include guns in D&D the game becomes about guns.
 10. I have early gunpowder weapons (matchlocks) in my game. However gunpowder is an alchemical product and currently only made in a far-away country, making it rare and expensive.
 11. My world is perpetually on the edge of wide spread use of gunpowder. There are pockets of it in use, but it is not widespread.
 The general feeling in my world that gunpowder is dangerous and unpredictable.
 12. Sometimes I've allowed it, sometimes not. It really comes down to if you like it or not, any other justification for or against guns is mostly bunk. Many of the technical arguments against guns in fantasy are easily countered by comparing them to things


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The PSALSA (Personalized SALSA) function is a SQL-GR function that evaluates the similarity of nodes in a bipartite graph according to their proximity. The typical application of PSALSA is for recommendation.
The PSALSA function assigns numerical scores (between 0 and 1) to the vertices on both sides of the bipartite graph for each seed (hub) vertex. Also, for each seed vertex, the function outputs K hub/authority vertices with highest score.
The score assigned by PSALSA to a node defines the probability of visiting the node by a random walk with a restart from a seed node.