Dmitry Piliugin
SQL Server 2016: Scalar UDF Estimation and Project Normalization
April 25, 2018 by
In this post, we will continue to look at the cardinality estimation changes in SQL Server 2016. This time we will talk about scalar UDF estimation. Scalar UDFs (sUDF) in SQL Server have quite bad performance and I encourage you try to avoid them in general, however, a lot of systems still use them.
Scalar UDF Estimation Change
I'll use Microsoft sample DB AdventureworksDW2016CTP3 and write the following simple scalar function, it always returns 1, regardless of the input parameter. I run my queries against Microsoft SQL Server 2016 (SP1) (KB3182545) – 13.0.4001.0 (X64)
Now let's run two queries, the first one under compatibility level (CL) of SQL Server 2014, the second one under CL 2016 and turn on actual execution plans:
We have got two plans and If we look at them we will see that they are of the same shape, however, if we look at the estimates, we will find some differences in the Filter operator.
You may notice that in the first case the estimate is 1 row, in the second case the estimate is 365 rows. Why they are different? The point is that MS has changed the estimation algorithm, i.e. the calculator for sUDF estimation.
In 2014 it was a CSelCalcPointPredsFreqBased, the calculator for point predicates based on a frequency (Cardinality*Density). DateKey is a PK and it is unique, the frequency is 1. If you multiply the number of rows 3652 by the all_density column (from the dbcc show_statistics(DimDate, PK_DimDate_DateKey) command) 0._PHONE_ you will get one row.
In 2016 the calculator is CSelCalcFixedFilter (0.1) which is a 10% guess of the table cardinality. Our table has 3652 rows and the 10% is 365, which we may observe in the plan.
This change is described here: FIX: Number of rows is underestimated for a query predicate that involves a scalar user-defined function in SQL Server 2014.
You may wonder, why 2014, if we are talking about 2016? The truth is, that the new Cardinality Estimator (CE) was introduced in 2014 and evolved in 2016, but all the latter fixes for the optimizer in 2014 (introduced by Cumulative Updates (CU) or Service Packs (SP)) are protected by TF 4199 as described here, in 2016 all these fixes are included so you don't need TF 4199 for them, but if have 2014 you should apply TF 4199 to see the described behavior.
Estimation Puzzle
Now, let's modify our queries and replace count with "select *". Then turn on the statistics IO, actual plans and run them again:
The results are:
Table 'DimDate'. Scan count 1, logical reads 7312
Table 'DimDate'. Scan count 1, logical reads 59
That's a great difference in the logical reads, and we may see why, if we look at the query plans:
If we remember, for the CE 120 it was a one row estimate, and in this case, server decided, that it is cheaper to use a non-clustered index and then make a lookup into clustered. Not very effective if we remember that our predicate returns all rows.
In CE 130 there was a 365 rows estimate, which is too expensive for key lookup and server decided to make a clustered index scan.
But, wait, what we see is that in the second plan the estimate is also 1 row!
That fact seemed to me very curious and that's why I'm writing this post. To find the answer, let's look in more deep details at how the optimization process goes.
Explanation
The optimization process is split by phases, before the actual search of the plan alternatives starts, there are a couple of preparation phases, one of them is Project Normalization. During that phase, the optimizer matches computed columns with their definition or deals with other relational projections in some way. For example, it may move a projection around the operator's tree if necessary.
We may see the trees before and after normalization and their cardinality information with a couple of undocumented TFs 8606 and 8612 applied together with a QUERYTRACEON hint, for instance.
For the 2014 CL the relational Select (LogOp_Select) cardinality (which represents a Filter operator in query plan) before project normalization is 1 row:
For 2016 CL, before project normalization, it is 365.2 rows:
Which is totally understandable, because we remember, that there is a cardinality estimation change to 10% guess for sUDFs in 2016 CL. However, this estimate is not what we see in the final query plan for the second query, we see 1 row there. Project Normalization is the place where this estimation is introduced.
If we examine the trees after project normalization, we see the following picture (the tree is the same for both queries):
You may notice a new Project operator, that converts our sUDF uf_simple to an expression Expr1001, projects it further to the tree upper node and over this projection, the relational Select should filter out the rows, i.e. we are now filtering on the expression, not on the sUDF directly.
The optimizer doesn't know the cardinality for that new Select operator and the estimation process starts. The thing is that filtering over such an expression is unchanged both under 2014 CL and 2016 CL– it still uses CSelCalcPointPredsFreqBased calculator and the result is the same – 1 row. We may see the result of this cardinality estimation of the tree after Project Normalization with a TF 2363. Both statistics trees for both queries have the same shape and estimate:
Then the optimization process starts to search different alternatives and stores them in a Memo structure, internal structure to store plan alternatives (I described it a couple of years ago in my Russian blog). For the CL 2016 – the sUDF estimation change of 10% guess plays its role during that search, the predicate is estimated as 365 rows and the plan shape with Clustered Index Scan is selected, however, this plan alternative goes to the Memo group which has the cardinality estimated to 1 row, during the very first Project Normalization phase. For the CL 2014 no surprise if the estimate both for sUDF and Predicate over expression – is 1 row, so the plan with lookup is selected.
You may observe different predicates in the query plans also. For the 2014 CL the predicate is inside the Filter.
For 2016 CL the sUDF is computed as a separate Compute Scalar and the Filter is on the Expr1001 predicate.
There is an undocumented TF 9259 to disable a project normalization phase, let's re-run our query with this TF.
The estimate is now 365.2 which is much more clearly explains, why a server decided to choose a Clustered Index Scan instead of Index Scan + Lookup.
Microsoft is aware of this situation and considers it to be normal, I would agree with them, but that one row estimate combined with Clustered Index Scan puzzled me and I decided to write about it.
Conclusion
In 2016 (as well as in 2014 + TF 4199 and latest SPs or CUs) there is a cardinality estimation change in sUDFs estimation – the old version uses the density from base statistics and the new version uses 10% guess. The estimation for the expression predicates over sUDFs are not changed. Sometimes you may see little artifacts of project normalization in a query plan, but that shouldn't be a problem.
Both of the estimations, in 2014 and 2016, are guesses, because sUDF is a black box for the optimizer (and also not good in many other ways), so avoid using it in general, especially in predicates.
Note
Please, don't use TF 9259 that disables Project Normalization step in a real production system, besides it is undocumented and unsupported, it may hurt your performance. Consider the following example with computed columns.
The query plans are Index Seek in the first case and Index Scan in the second one.
Thank you for reading!
References
See more
To view and analyze SQL Server query execution plans for free, check out ApexSQL Plan
Dmitry Piliugin
Dmitry Piliugin
Dmitry is a SQL Server enthusiast from Russia, Moscow. He started his journey to the world of SQL Server more than ten years ago. Most of the time he was involved as a developer of corporate information systems based on the SQL Server data platform.
Currently he works as a database developer lead, responsible for the development of production databases in a media research company. He is also an occasional speaker at various community events and tech conferences. His favorite topic to present is about the Query Processor and anything related to it. Dmitry is a Microsoft MVP for Data Platform since 2014.
View all posts by Dmitry Piliugin
Dmitry Piliugin
Query analysis
About Dmitry Piliugin
Dmitry is a SQL Server enthusiast from Russia, Moscow. He started his journey to the world of SQL Server more than ten years ago. Most of the time he was involved as a developer of corporate information systems based on the SQL Server data platform. Currently


text:
The gravity in ZDoom works as normal in the Doom engine: it corresponds to a value which is added to a thing's vertical velocity linearly each tic. During the first tic of free fall, that value is added twice.
However, ZDoom offers multiple ways in which the gravity value is affected, instead of being a constant as in vanilla Doom. An actor's gravity factor is the product of the following factors:
- The level's overall gravity, as defined in MAPINFO with the gravity map property. Note that this value is set on a scale of 800.
- The sector's own gravity, as defined in UDMF with the gravity sector property and in Hexen format with the Static_Init special; possibly modified with Sector_SetGravity.
- The actor's own Gravity property in DECORATE, possibly modified through ACS with the APROP_Gravity property.
Internally, the default values are all 1.0, so a fall lasting one second (35 tics) gives an accumulated speed of 36 in the default conditions.
In addition, being underwater also affects gravity depending on the depth of immersion: a waterlevel of 1 divides it by 16; a waterlevel of 2 or 3 divides it by 8.
Although you are advised to use MAPINFO for it, level gravity can also be affected with FraggleScript with either gravity on a scale of 100 or with consolecmd gravity on a scale of 1.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


Bee Patrol Bee Movie Coloring Pages
Every culture needs police. These are the 'bee cops'. Bee Movie is part of a group of free printables that are movie characters. This group of characters are a part of a more modern story about having a goal to return honey to the bee community. These can be colored in a variety colors. What stories can Barry B Benson tell us? Why did he leave the hive? Perhaps you can ask your students or homeschoolers make a comic book or movie story board with their decorated pages. Download these free printable coloring pages for your children or students today.
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Analysis of Poems:The Rose That Grew From Concrete and And Tomorrow by Tupac Shakur
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Tupac Shakur wrote both these poems and the poems are about having ambitions and goals and reaching them despite the circumstances. There is also a theme of keeping hope in both the poems.
The Rose That Grew From Concrete is not really about a rose that grew from the concrete. The rose symbolizes a man and the concrete symbolizes the ghetto. A rose would never grow from concrete and by this he is meaning to say that it is really hard to survive the hard life of the ghetto and make something out of yourself. The second line means that the person has made something out of himself. "nature's law" means that no one expected the man to survive and the 'law' was that no one could survive the ghetto and do something with their lives and so the man has proved this law wrong. "it learned without having feet", this part means that he had no help and he made it all by himself. The third line means that because the man kept his dreams and was confident in his own abilities he was able to reach his goal. "fresh air" represents some where away from the ghetto where he is well-off and he is not in constant trouble and somewhere where he does not have a lot of problems. The last line he is praising the 'rose' because it made it through the hard time when there was no one to help it and no one cared about it.
And Tomorrow is a poem about hope. Tupac talks about how Tthe world is today but tomorrow there is still hope for a better future. The second line of the poem, says that people no longer want to take any chances and they no longer think independently because they are afraid of becoming different and getting thrown out of society. The next two lines are about how poor humanity is and how much tragedies there are in the world and no one is facing them and trying to find a solution to them. He goes on to say how children are being brought up, with "ruthlessness" and this is because they find no love at home. From line 9 onwards he begins to talk about...


text:
As a journalist specializing in biblical interpretation, I am fascinated by the deep and mysterious meanings embedded within scripture. One such enigmatic figure is the number 119, which holds significant symbolism and spiritual significance in the Bible. In this article, I will explore the biblical meaning of number 119, its interpretation, and its relevance in biblical numerology and prophecy.
Throughout the Bible, numbers often carry profound spiritual messages and convey deeper truths. The number 119 is no exception. Derived from various passages in the Bible, such as the age of Abraham's grandfather and the words used in the Psalms, number 119 is deeply rooted in scripture. It symbolizes the importance of following God's law and seeking Him with a whole heart.
One key reference to number 119 is found in Psalm 119, a beautifully written passage by King David. This Psalm highlights the virtue of obeying God's commandments and emphasizes the importance of seeking spiritual guidance and wisdom. In the Hebrew Bible, number 119 also appears as a marker for essential texts and concepts, further illustrating its significance.
- The biblical meaning of number 119 is rooted in scripture and holds profound spiritual significance.
- Number 119 symbolizes the importance of following God's law and seeking Him with a whole heart.
- Psalm 119, written by King David, emphasizes the virtue of obeying God's commandments.
- Number 119 appears as a marker for essential texts and concepts in the Hebrew Bible.
- Understanding the biblical meaning of number 119 enriches one's spiritual journey and deepens their connection with God.
The Numerical Aspect of Number 119
In biblical numerology, numbers often carry symbolic meanings and convey deeper spiritual messages. The number 119 is no exception. It consists of the numbers 1 and 9, with the repetition of the number 1 forming the Master Number 11. Each of these numbers holds its own significance, and when combined in number 119, they create a powerful and profound numerical aspect.
The number 1 represents ambition, leadership, and the initiation of new chapters in life. It signifies the drive to take charge and make things happen. On the other hand, the number 9 symbolizes conclusions and transitions. It represents the end of a cycle and the beginning of something new. This number encourages individuals to follow their true purpose and embrace the changes necessary for their personal growth.
With the repetition of the number 1, number 119 becomes even more significant. The Master Number 11 represents spiritual enlightenment and alignment with divine purpose. It is a number of intuition, spirituality, and awakening. The presence of this number emphasizes the need to align one's thoughts, emotions, and actions with their higher purpose, leading to a greater sense of fulfillment and spiritual growth.
Overall, the numerical aspect of number 119 reminds individuals of the importance of embracing their ambitions, following their true purpose, and aligning themselves with divine guidance. It serves as a powerful message to live a life that is in harmony with their spiritual values and to embrace new beginnings with open hearts and minds.
The Symbolism of Numbers in the Bible
Numbers play a significant role in biblical symbolism. Throughout the Bible, certain numbers are repeated and carry specific meanings. The symbolism of numbers allows for a deeper understanding of biblical teachings and insights into spiritual truths.
In the case of number 119, the combination of the numbers 1 and 9 holds great symbolism. The number 1 represents unity and oneness with God. It signifies the importance of putting God at the center of one's life and acknowledging His sovereignty. The number 9, on the other hand, represents divine completeness, emphasizing the importance of seeking spiritual fulfillment and living a life aligned with God's will.
When these two numbers come together in number 119, they create a profound message of spiritual significance. It serves as a reminder to individuals to seek unity with God, follow their true purpose, and lead lives that are in accordance with divine guidance. Number 119 encourages believers to embrace their spiritual journey, cultivate a strong relationship with God, and make choices that align with their higher calling.
|Ambition, leadership, oneness with God
|Divine completeness, spiritual fulfillment
The table above summarizes the symbolism of numbers 1 and 9, highlighting their significance in understanding the deeper meaning behind the numerical aspect of number 119. By exploring biblical numerology and the symbolism of numbers, individuals can gain valuable insights into their spiritual journey and the path towards living a purposeful and fulfilling life.
Biblical References to Number 119
The number 119 holds significant meaning and is referenced in various passages of the Hebrew Bible. Let's explore some of the key biblical references to number 119.
"Your word is a lamp to my feet and a light to my path." – Psalm 119:105
In the Psalms, we find a notable mention of number 119. Psalm 119 is the longest chapter in the entire Bible and is divided into sections, each corresponding to a letter of the Hebrew alphabet. Each section contains eight verses, and the first letter of each verse within a section is the letter of the corresponding section. This unique structure emphasizes the importance of God's word and the guidance it offers in navigating life's path.
Furthermore, the book of Daniel also touches on number 119. In Daniel 9:1, it is mentioned that the events described took place in the "first year of Darius, son of Ahasuerus, by descent a Mede." This reference highlights the historical context and helps situate the significance of number 119 within the biblical narrative.
Table: Biblical References to Number 119
|Longest chapter emphasizing the importance of God's word
|Historical context of events in the book of Daniel
Number 119 as a Sealing and Checksum
The numerical architecture of the Hebrew Bible unveils a fascinating role played by number 119 as a sealing and checksum. This unique number acts as a "supermarker" for key texts, serving as a twofold pattern that encompasses the consonantal text. It can be found throughout the Torah, Prophets, and Writings, creating a detailed numerical structure that adds depth and meaning to the biblical text.
Number 119 serves as a powerful marker, ensuring the integrity and coherence of the Hebrew Bible. It acts as a symbolic bridge, connecting significant passages and concepts. This sealing and checksum function highlights the meticulous design and organization of the biblical text, emphasizing the importance of preserving its accuracy and message.
Through the inclusion of number 119 in the numerical architecture of the Hebrew Bible, a deeper layer of meaning is added to the text. It invites readers to explore the intricate patterns and connections within the scriptures, unlocking deeper spiritual insights and fostering a greater appreciation for the divine wisdom encoded within the biblical narrative.
|Ensuring integrity and coherence of the biblical text
|Creating a twofold pattern that encompasses the consonantal text
|Emphasizing the importance of preserving the accuracy and message of the Hebrew Bible
The inclusion of number 119 as a sealing and checksum in the numerical architecture of the Hebrew Bible is a testament to the meticulous design and organization of the sacred text. This unique numerical pattern serves as a reminder of the divine wisdom and guidance embedded within the scriptures, inviting readers to delve deeper into its rich symbolism and uncover profound spiritual insights.
The Unity and Symbolism of Number 119
When exploring the biblical meaning of number 119, we uncover a profound unity and symbolism embedded within its numerical significance. This unity is reflected in the meticulous numerical structure found in various biblical texts, where 119-word strings hold a prominent role. These strings appear in the main sections and tail sections of different biblical books, forming a pattern that emphasizes the spiritual importance of number 119.
The symbolism of number 119 stems from its connection to principles such as righteousness, transformation, and altruism. It serves as a reminder to align our actions with our spiritual purpose and to contribute positively to the world around us. Number 119 holds a deep spiritual message, conveying the significance of seeking God with a whole heart and following His commandments.
In the Hebrew Bible, numbers carry significant meaning and are often used to convey spiritual messages. The unity and symbolism of number 119 highlight its importance in biblical numerology. By understanding its significance, we can embark on a journey of spiritual growth and alignment with our higher purpose.
|Unity of Number 119
|Symbolism of Number 119
|Significance of Numbers in the Hebrew Bible
|The unity of number 119 lies in its role as a marker and checksum in the Hebrew Bible.
|Number 119 represents righteousness, transformation, and altruism.
|Numbers in the Hebrew Bible convey spiritual messages and hold symbolic significance.
|Number 119 forms a pattern of 119-word strings in biblical texts.
|It serves as a reminder to align our actions with our spiritual purpose.
|These numbers carry deep meaning and guide our spiritual journey.
|The unity of number 119 emphasizes its importance in biblical numerology.
|Through number 119, we are reminded to seek God with a whole heart.
|Understanding the significance of numbers helps us align with our higher purpose.
Implications and Application of the Biblical Meaning of Number 119
Understanding the biblical meaning of number 119 has profound implications for our spiritual growth and daily lives. It invites us to reflect upon our true purpose and pursue it wholeheartedly. Number 119 reminds us that we are not meant to live a life of mediocrity, but one that is aligned with divine guidance and filled with purposeful actions. By embracing the significance of number 119, we can unlock the full potential within ourselves and make a positive impact on the world around us.
One of the key applications of number 119 in life is the encouragement to engage in acts of kindness and selflessness. It reminds us to extend love and compassion to others, embodying the values taught in the scriptures. Practicing kindness not only benefits those on the receiving end but also brings a sense of fulfillment and joy to ourselves. Number 119 serves as a constant reminder to be a source of goodness and light in a world that often needs it

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
Launch your students into a discussion of chemical reactions with this fun, safe, and exciting demonstration. This thrilling demonstration of the controlled combustion of isopropyl alcohol teaches students the concepts of combustion, thermochemistry, exothermic reactions, and gas laws. When the vapor is ignited, the foam ball is propelled across the room.
Cannon is constructed of PVC and can be reused for many years to come. Includes safety instructions, procedure, demonstration notes and tips. Isopropyl alcohol, 7" foam ball, and safety lighter are required and available separately.
Flinn Catalog/Reference Manual Page 390
Flinn Middle School Catalog/Reference Manual Page 318
You May Also Like
- Thermodynamics in a Bag - Super Value Kit
- Whoosh Bottle - Chemical Demonstration Kit
- Smashing Thermit Reaction - Demonstration Kit
- Thermochemistry, Flinn Chemtopic Labs Book, Volume 10
- Piezo Ping Pong Popper - Demonstration Kit
- Knock Your Socks Off Apparatus Kit - Reaction of Calcium Carbide
- 7" Foam Ball
- Energy and Thermodynamics DVD Set
- Butane Safety Lighter
- Isopropyl Alcohol, Reagent, 500 mL

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


openfl.net
..
FileFilter
FileReference
FileReferenceList
NetConnection
NetStream
ObjectEncoding
SharedObject
The SharedObject class is used to read and store limited amounts of data on a user's computer or on a server. Shared objects offer real-time data sharing between multiple client SWF files and objects that are persistent on the local computer or remote server. Local shared objects are similar to browser cookies and remote shared objects are similar to real-time data transfer devices. To use remote shared objects, you need Adobe Flash Media Server.
SharedObjectFlushStatus
The SharedObjectFlushStatus class provides values for the code returned from a call to the SharedObject.flush() method.
Socket
URLLoader
The URLLoader class downloads data from a URL as text, binary data, or URL-encoded variables. It is useful for downloading text files, XML, or other information to be used in a dynamic, data-driven application.
URLLoaderDataFormat
The URLLoaderDataFormat class provides values that specify how downloaded data is received.
URLRequest
The URLRequest class captures all of the information in a single HTTP request. URLRequest objects are passed to the load() methods of the Loader, URLStream, and URLLoader classes, and to other loading operations, to initiate URL downloads. They are also passed to the upload() and download() methods of the FileReference class.
URLRequestDefaults
URLRequestHeader
A URLRequestHeader object encapsulates a single HTTP request header and consists of a name/value pair. URLRequestHeader objects are used in the requestHeaders property of the URLRequest class.
URLRequestMethod
The URLRequestMethod class provides values that specify whether the URLRequest object should use the POST method or the GET method when sending data to a server.
URLStream
URLVariables
The URLVariables class allows you to transfer variables between an application and a server. Use URLVariables objects with methods of the URLLoader class, with the data property of the URLRequest class, and with flash.net package functions.
XMLSocket


Android SDK: Using Alerts, Toasts and Notifications
Android SDK: Using Alerts, Toasts and Notifications
Tutorial Details
 - Technology: Android SDK
 - Difficulty: Beginner
 - Completion Time: 10 - 15 Minutes
If you have an Android powered device, then you will already have experienced different types of notifications. They're good for telling users about errors, warnings or informing them of completed tasks and it's best to place them in a type of notification, such as an alert dialog, which allows you to communicate with users "outside" of user interfaces.
The Android SDK offers three main types of notifications – enough to cover all of your needs:
 - Alert Dialogs
 - Toasts
 - Notifications
In this tutorial, we will cover all three notification types.
Alert Dialogs
Creating alert dialogs is pretty straight-forward: you can construct an AlertDialog by using its Builder class, whose methods all return an instance of Builder, which basically means you can chain a series of method calls together. For example:
new AlertDialog.Builder(this).setTitle("Argh").setMessage("Watch out!").setNeutralButton("Close", null).show();
Android-SDK-Notifications
In the snippet above, you're accessing AlertDialog's static Builder class and handing it the context where the dialog will be displayed.
setNeutralButton(String, OnClickListener) creates a button with the specified title and OnClickListener to handle anything that should happen on a click. You can simply give it a value of null because AlertDialog buttons always close when clicked; your OnClickListener would simply handle additional, custom instructions.
Now you're probably wondering why the word "neutral" is contained in that method name, right? You can create three types of buttons in total:
 1. setPositiveButton
 Describes an intended action or a confirmation, e.g. "Save" or "Yes".
 2. setNeutralButton
 Describes a "neutral" action such as "Close".
 3. setNegativeButton
 Describes a cancellation or simply a "No".
It's important to note that if you add all three of these buttons, they will be in the same order as the list above, so sometimes you might have to switch "neutral" and "negative" to achieve a desired order. So, the following snippet:
new AlertDialog.Builder(this).setTitle("Argh").setMessage("Watch out!").setNegativeButton("Cancel", null).setPositiveButton("OK", null).setNeutralButton("No", null).show();
Would produce this alert:
Android-SDK-Notifications
And always remember to create at least one button so your dialog can be closed, otherwise you'll have frustrated users seeing this:
Android-SDK-Notifications
Finally, another popular method is setIcon(int resourceId). It should be self-explanatory:
new AlertDialog.Builder(this).setTitle("Argh").setMessage("Watch out!").setIcon(R.drawable.icon).setNeutralButton("Close", null).show();
Android-SDK-Notifications
Note: The most important methods have been covered here. For a full list of builder methods, visit the API Docs.
Toasts
Toasts are a great way to deliver unobtrusive status messages to users, because unlike Alert Dialogs they do not take focus away from the Activity. They're perfect for displaying notifications that don't need too much attention, for example to tell the user that a download has completed. As Toasts fade away automatically and are quite subtle in their nature, it may not be guaranteed that a user will have taken full notice of it. So in plain English: don't use Toasts for critical messages!
One simple line of code is all that's required to create a Toast:
Toast.makeText(this, "Your download has resumed.", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
Again, the first parameter defines the context in which it's displayed. The second is the message body and the last argument specifies how long the Toast should stay on screen. Only Toast.LENGTH_LONG or Toast.LENGTH_SHORT are accepted values – you can't give it a time in seconds, as the duration is handled on a relative basis, so it could depend on user configuration.
Android-SDK-Notifications
Notifications
Notifications are the messages in the status bar at the top of the screen. They're handy to do stuff like notifying the user of new, unread e-mail in a background service, even if he's not currently inside the e-mail application (this is exactly what the GMail app does). The following is the code necessary to display a notification:
final int NOTIF_ID = 1234;
 NotificationManager notifManager = (NotificationManager) getSystemService(NOTIFICATION_SERVICE);
 Notification note = new Notification(R.drawable.icon, "New E-mail", System.currentTimeMillis());
 PendingIntent intent = PendingIntent.getActivity(this, 0, new Intent(this, Main.class), 0);
 note.setLatestEventInfo(this, "New E-mail", "You have one unread message.", intent);
 notifManager.notify(NOTIF_ID, note);
 // notifManager.cancel(NOTIF_ID);
Let's examine that big block of code piece-by-piece. First off, you're going to need to grab an instance of the device's NotificationManager, a system service.
 NotificationManager notifManager = (NotificationManager) getSystemService(NOTIFICATION_SERVICE);
The NotificationManager can send out – you guessed it – Notification objects. Create a new instance of one like this:
Notification note = new Notification(R.drawable.icon, "New E-mail", System.currentTimeMillis());
The first parameter is the resource ID of a Drawable (in this case I just used a dummy app icon that was automatically created). The second is the shortened title that will appear in the top status bar, not the one that you see when you expand the bar. Finally, the last parameter is the time that will be displayed in the Notification details.
Next, you're going to create a PendingIntent object to specify what you want to happen when the notification is tapped on. Usually you'll want to launch an activity in your application via an Intent:
PendingIntent intent = PendingIntent.getActivity(this, 0, new Intent(this, MainActivity.class), 0);
The first argument is the context, second is a private request code (don't worry about it for now; according to the Android docs it isn't used), third is an Intent object (in this case we're having it start the MainActivity) and the last one is for flags (check the SDK docs for an explanation of these flags).
Now comes the juicy part. Using setLatestEventInfo you can specify a title, a message, and the Intent that will be invoked when users click on the notification in the expanded view.
note.setLatestEventInfo(this, "New E-mail", "You have one unread message.", intent);
All that's left to do is create an int constant to store an ID so you can keep track of the notification. It's up to you to choose the value for it -just make sure you're not using duplicates. Call notify() and pass the ID along with the Notification object you created earlier:
final int NOTIF_ID = 1234;
notifManager.notify(NOTIF_ID, note);
Android-SDK-Notifications
One last thing to mention is that clicking on the notification in the expanded panel will not automatically clear it from the screen. You're in charge of that. If you're developing an email client for example, then the best time and place to cancel notifications is when the user has read the new emails or is at the Activity where all emails are listed. You can do so with a line of code like the following:
 notifManager.cancel(NOTIF_ID);
Note: Want to add some source code? Type
 before it and
 after it. Find out more
 - _URL_ Soeren
 Hi,
 Sweet article! Really enjoyed reading it. Maybe you could help me out, as i'm trying to practice this a bit.
 If I want to make a toast on the "setNegativeButton" what do I do?
 I've tried
 .setNegativeButton("Cancel", negativeToast())
 private OnClickListener negativeToast() {
 // TODO Auto-generated method stub
 return Toast.makeText


Class StrictBorders
 - All Implemented Interfaces:
 PointTranslator
 public class StrictBorders
 extends AbstractPointTranslator
 Strict border implementation. Any translate or transform outside of the space's dimensions will throw a SpatialException.
 Version:
 $Revision$ $Date$
 Author:
 Nick Collier
 - Constructor Detail
 - StrictBorders
 public StrictBorders()
 - Method Detail
 - isPeriodic
 public boolean isPeriodic()
 True if this translator is periodic (in the sense that moving off one border makes you appear on the other one), otherwise false.
 Returns:
 true if this translator is periodic, otherwise false.
 - translate
 public void translate(double[] location,
 double... displacement)
 Translate the specified location by the specified displacement. The new location will stored in the location array. For example, if the location is (3, 4) and the displacement is (1, -2), the new location will be (4, 2). If the translated location is outside of the grid dimensions, then a SpatialException is thrown.
 Parameters:
 location - the current location
 displacement - the amount to translate
 - translate
 public void translate(NdPoint location,
 double[] newLocation,
 double... displacement)
 Translate the specified location by the specified displacement.For example, if the location is (3, 4) and the displacement is (1, -2), the new location will be (4, 2). The new location will be copied into the newLocation array. If the translated location is outside of the grid dimensions, then a SpatialException is thrown.
 Parameters:
 location - the current location
 newLocation - this will hold the newLocation after the method has completed
 displacement - the amount to translate


reclassifyCuts
Purpose
Replaces values of a matrix or array within specified ranges
Format
x_new = reclassifyCuts(x, cut_pts[, close_right])
Parameters:
 - x (NxK matrix or NxKxP array) – array to be recoded (changed)
 - cut_pts (Kx1 vector) – bounds of the specified ranges
 - close_right (Scalar) – optional argument, 1 if the cut_pts should be the right end-point of the interval, or 0 if the values in cut_pts should start the next interval. Default = 0.
Returns:
x_new (NxK matrix or NxKxP array) – Contains the recoded values of x, will have the same dimensions as the input x.
Examples
Basic sequence
// Create column vector to place in categories
x = { 0,
 0.1,
 0.2,
 0.3,
 0.4,
 0.5,
 0.6,
 0.7 };
// Cut points for data in 'x'
cut_pts = { 0.2,
 0.5 };
// Class 0: x <= 0.2
// Class 1: 0.2 < x <= 0.5
// Class 2: 0.5 < x
r_open = reclassifyCuts(x, cut_pts);
// Class 0: x < 0.2
// Class 1: 0.2 <= x < 0.5
// Class 2: 0.5 <= x
r_closed = reclassifyCuts(x, cut_pts, 1);
print "x = " x;
print;
print "r_open = " r_open;
print;
print "r_closed = " r_closed;
print;
print "cut_pts = " cut_pts;
After the code above:
x =
0.00
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.50
0.60
0.70
r_open =
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.0
1.0
1.0
2.0
2.0
r_closed =
0.00
0.00
1.0
1.0
1.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
cut_pts =
0.20
0.50
Classifying blood pressure data
// Create a column of blood pressure data
bp = { 87,
 154,
 127,
 112,
 159,
 90,
 151,
 109,
 125,
 107 };
// Assign cut points
cut_pts = { 120, 140 };
// Create categorical variable
bp_category = reclassifyCuts(bp, cut_pts);
print "bp = " bp;
print;
print "bp_category = " bp_category;
print;
print "cut_pts = " cut_pts;
After the code above:
 87
 154
 127
 112
bp = 159
 90
 151
 109
 125
 107
 0
 2
 1
 0
bp_category = 2
 0
 2
 0
 1
 0
cut_pts = 120
 140
We can take the categorical data output from reclassifyCuts() and use the reclassify() function to change the numeric categories to string categories like this:
// Starting categories
from = { 0, 1, 2 };
// New categories
to = "normal" $| "prehypertension" $| "hypertension";
bp_category = reclassify(bp_category, from, to);
print "bp_category = " bp_category;
After the code above:
 normal
 hypertension
 prehypertension
 normal
bp_category = hypertension
 normal
 hypertension
 normal
 prehypertension
 normal
Source
datatran.src


text:
Geoinformatics, a new study programme on Faculty of Civil engineering, University of Belgrade!
Geoinformatika, novi studijski program na Građevinskom fakultetu Univerziteta u Beogradu ...
The Department of Geodesy and Geoinformatics of the Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Belgrade was actively using open source software in education of geodetic engineers at the undergraduate, graduate and PhD studies. A large number of bachelor, master's and doctoral thesis was created using open source software. Additionally, a significant number of scientific papers has also been published using open source software. The development of Laboratory for development of open source geospatial technologies - OSGL at the Department of Geodesy and Geoinformatics seemed like the logical next step in the process of promotion and cultivation of a non-commercial approach to the improvement of teaching and research at the University.
As a part of educational and research process, the Laboratory for development of open source geospatial technologies is partly focused on bachelor, master and doctoral thesis, based on open source geospatial technologies, developed at the Department of Geodesy and Geoinformatics, at the Faculty of Civil Engineering. The source code written during BSc and MSc thesis development, and the adequate documentation will be presented on the laboratory's web site and therefore will be available to the community for further development and use. That way the laboratory will contribute to the open source community and provide additional material sources for further education and research.


text:
A brick shortage has the potential to hold back a house building boom in Greater Manchester.
Despite the construction sector growing at its fastest rate in seven years, driven primarily by a large number of new home schemes, building firms say they are struggling to source enough of the essential raw material.
That is hindering construction companies' ability to deliver projects on-time and on-budget.
But bosses say they are determined to make sure the shortage will not impact on the boom in building schemes, which has the potential to help the region drag itself out of the economic downturn. Don Ward is chief executive of industry trade association Constructing Excellence and executive director for Manchester Business School's Centre for Infrastructure Development.
He said: "In the short-term, this shortage of bricks has been caused by the upturn in house building – it's as simple as that. House building is still dominated by traditional brick and block construction methods.
"In the longer term, the underlying cause of the brick shortage is the recent recession – triggered by the 2007/8 housing mortgage crisis.
"That led to a huge reduction in house building and demand for bricks. And this, in turn, led to many manufacturers closing factories as well as their kilns.
"This big reduction in capacity cannot be switched back on overnight, even if the manufacturers kept the plants they shut down and simply mothballed them. Basically, these factors are all resulting in a shortage of bricks – as well as a price increase."
There have been reports that the price of some bricks rose by 10 per cent in January as a direct result of the shortage – although this varies according to the bricks that are required.
But there is still a long way to go before the quantity of bricks manufactured before the recession is equalled.
The UK brick output for 2013 was around 1.73bn bricks in addition to 100m imported bricks.
Consequently, the market remains considerably below the level of 2.4bn bricks plus 150m imports experienced in 2007.
But Turner, of the Home Builders' Federation, believes that the medium-term outlook is not as bad as it might first appear.
He added: "The industry is estimated to currently have a capacity in excess of 2bn bricks.
"Given a more normal demand curve with the factories all running for a full year in 2014 the industry should be more than able to cope with prospective demand.
"Working through Christmas and opening new kilns - allied to better liaison with the industry and better planning, will help ensure supply meets demand and also maintain stockpiles."
The shortage of bricks – in some circles - is also being blamed on kiln breakdowns and transport problems caused by there now being fewer hauliers than there were at the start of the recession.
Turner continued: "But as we are unable to deal directly with the manufacturers, the cause of the problem has never been fully explained.
"To date, we have heard nothing from any of the major manufacturers explaining the exact reasons.
"I believe the issue has been compounded by the major house builders buying up existing stocks of bricks and stockpiling them for future sites because they have become aware of the issue.
"This has become a major issue on any new projects unless you have a 20 to 30 week lead-in time -which is extremely unlikely.
"It's a case of who gets in first because all contractors are in the same boat.
"This is pushing up prices and we have incurred increases of 10% on average in January alone depending on the type of brick."
Jonathan Turner, purchasing manager at Bardsley Construction, in Tameside, said:"In short the situation is a nightmare. We have a number of contracts on which this has caused delays and disruption and which results in increased costs.
"There has been no forewarning from the manufacturers – bricks that were in stock went to five weeks delivery overnight.
"Even with pre-agreed delivery schedules you cannot guarantee when you will get a delivery.
"If you cancel a delivery, the bricks will then go on the new extended delivery period."
Andrew Russell, director of Russells Construction, says his company has also noticed the lack of supply – but have not been "all-consuming".
"Yes, the industry is seeing a lack of supply but it's not having an adverse impact on the end product, so far," he says.
"We've been experiencing longer lead times for deliveries since September last year.
"Although many of the manufacturers scaled back production a few years ago, there were huge stockpiles in the yards which have kept things going.
"These stocks are starting to come to an end and we're facing lead times of anything from three to 12 weeks.
"We mitigate against this simply by bringing forward our order times. Usually, with a commercial build, there is a large portion of the preliminary work to be done before the brickwork is needed, so we put the order in early and get on with the ground work, laying foundations, erecting steelwork etc.
"Long lead times aren't unusual, however, if the bricks are being sourced from abroad.
"A recent project involved a blue black brick from Belgium with a 16-week lead time.
"That's the norm with European products, so we're used to working that into our programme to ensure no knock-on effect to the project's overall delivery date." But Russell acknowledges that it is possible that large schemes could be affected.
He explains: "A large scheme requiring a vast amount of the same stock – a housing development, for example – could be restricted to a selection on the basis of availability rather than aesthetic.
"Some lines have disappeared, including many of the handmade varieties, and architects may have to alter their specification for that reason.
"We're aware some of the brick manufacturers have scaled up production which is a welcome move.
"As the house building sector improves, we hope the brick makers will keep pace.
"It's all positive news for the industry and the economy as a whole."


text:
Shichao Ou, Rod Grupen
This paper presents a learning framework that enables a robot to learn comprehensive policies autonomously from a series of incrementally more challenging tasks designed by a human teacher. Psychologists have shown that human infants rapidly acquire general strategies and then extend that behavior with contingencies for new situations. This strategy allows an infant to quickly acquire new behavior and then to refine it over time. The psychology literature calls such compensatory action prospective behavior and it has been identified as an important problem in robotics as well. In this paper, we provide an algorithm for learning prospective behavior to accommodate special-purpose situations that can occur when a general-purpose schema is applied to challenging new cases. The algorithm permits a robot to address complex tasks incrementally while reusing existing behavior as much as possible. First, we motivate prospective behavior in human infants and in common robotic tasks. We introduce an algorithm that searches for places in a schema where compensatory actions can effectively avoid predictable future errors. The algorithm is evaluated on a simple grid-world navigation problem. Results show that learning performance improves significantly over an equivalent flat learning formulation by re-using knowledge as appropriate and extending behavior only when necessary. We conclude with a discussion of where prospective repair of general-purpose behavior can play important roles in the development of behavior for effective human-robot interaction.


1 Joule/Meter² is equivalent to 8.805509184115E-05 Btu (IT)/foot²
Formula Used
1 Joule/Meter² = 0.00008805509184115 Btu (IT)/foot²
1 Joule/Meter² = 8.805509184115E-05 Btu (IT)/foot²
Convert Joule/Meter² to Btu (IT)/foot²
Heat Density finds its use in number of places right from education to industrial usage. Be it buying grocery or cooking, units play a vital role in our daily life; and hence their conversions. When you are converting Heat Density from Joule/Meter² to Btu (IT)/foot², you need a converter that is elaborate and still is easy to use. Encountering any problem to convert Joule/Meter² to Btu (IT)/foot²? This tool gives you the exact conversion of units. You can also get the formula used to convert Joule/Meter² to Btu (IT)/foot² along with a table representing the entire conversion.


text: Linearization based controllers for incompressible flows have been proven to work in theory and in simulations. To realize such a controller numerically, the infinite dimensional system has to be linearized and discretized. The unavoidable consistency errors add a small but critical uncertainty to the controller model which will likely make it fail, especially when an observer is involved. Standard robust controller designs can compensate small uncertainties if they can be qualified as a coprime factor perturbation of the plant. We show that for the linearized Navier-Stokes equations, a linearization error can be expressed as a coprime factor perturbation and that this perturbation smoothly depends on the size of the linearization error. In particular, improving the linearization makes the perturbation smaller so that, eventually, standard robust controller will stabilize the system.


text:
Objectives: The study analyzed the dating and premarital sexual behaviors of adolescents with different backgrounds who had ever made friends on the Internet. The study also aimed to discern the differing influential factors on the dating and premarital sexual behavior of adolescents of the opposite sex who first met virtually or in-person. Methods: A stratified cluster sampling method was used to identify 1003 second-year public junior high school, high school, and vocational school students in Taipei with Internet friend-making experience. Participants completed a cross-sectional questionnaire. Results: Of the participants, 19.2% had dated a person of the opposite sex first met on the Internet, which was reflected in their lower score for the family relationship portion of the questionnaire (p<.001). The main factor influencing the pursuit of a virtual or reality-based romantic relationship varied with participants; those inclined to a virtual route were influenced by their friendship with opposite gender peers, while the degree of premarital sexual behavior acceptance influenced reality-based relationships (p<.001). The degree of willingness to date was the strongest predictive factor for sexual openness with Internet companions, while acceptance of premarital sexual behavior most strongly predicted pursuit of a reality-based relationship. Conclusions: Family relationship is an important protective factor to reduce high-risk sexual behavior of adolescents. The patterns of adolescent dating and premarital sexual behavior with opposite sex companions first met through the Internet and in person are different. Intervention strategies should take into account these different patterns, necessary to divide groups in designing the intervention courses to meet their different needs. 333.
|Number of pages||11|
|Journal||Taiwan Journal of Public Health|
|Publication status||Published - 2009 Aug 1|
- Internet friend making
- Premarital sexual behavior
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health


text:
His earliest education.
by Lisa Y. Henderson
Edward Austin Johnson (23 Nov. 1860-24 July 1944), educator, historian, attorney, and politician, was one of eleven children of Columbus and Eliza Johnson, slaves belonging to a large slaveholder in Wake County. Johnson acquired his earliest education from a free black, Nancy Walton, and after emancipation attended a school in Raleigh directed by two white teachers from New England. These "Yankee" teachers introduced him to the Congregational church, in which he was active for the rest of his life. …
Excerpt from biography of Edward A. Johnson, _URL_


text:
CELERI RAVE Monarch
Variety widely used by expensive mara, vigorous, mid-late, for winter storage. The roots are grouped under the round ball. White flesh.
Peasant Seeds SEMAILLES, are organic seeds and once the fruit or vegetables grown, it is possible to recover the seeds and replant in year year because they are not sterile and not genetically modified.


factual-api-0.1.2: A driver for the Factual API
Safe HaskellSafe-Infered
This module exports functions which are used to execute queries and handle the OAuth authentication process.
API functions
makeRequest :: Query query => Token -> query -> IO ResponseSource
This function takes an OAuth token and a query (which is member of the Query typeclass and returns an IO action which will fetch a response from the Factual API.
generateToken :: Credentials -> TokenSource
This function takes a set of credentials and returns an OAuth token that can be used to make requests.
The hoauth Token type
data Token
The OAuth Token.
This token is used to perform 2 legged OAuth requests.
The service provider has granted you the request token but the user has not yet authorized your application. You need to exchange this token by a proper AccessToken, but this may only happen after user has granted you permission to do so.
This is a proper 3 legged OAuth. The difference between this and ReqToken is that user has authorized your application and you can perform requests on behalf of that user.


text:
Affects Version/s: Minecraft 18w10c, Minecraft 18w10d, Minecraft 18w11a
Fix Version/s: Minecraft 18w16a
Linux Mint 17.3 (3.13.0-37-generic)
Oracle Java 1.8.0_151
LWJGL 3.1.2 build 29
Dry sponges placed in flowing water (as opposed to water source blocks) have no effect on the water and remain dry.
- Place a water source block on a flat area and allow it to spread
- Place a dry sponge block in the flowing water at least one block away from the water source
The water surrounding the sponge is removed for several blocks, including the water source so that all the water disappears. The sponge becomes wet.
No effect on the water at all. The sponge remains dry.
Edit (and facepalm): If the sponge is placed in the source block, the effect should spread to the flowing water but does not. Flowing water is just not affected at all by the sponge.


Take the 2-minute tour ×
In the Star Trek normal universe, almost all of Starfleet's starships were named with the prefix USS: Count from list. Some popular ones: USS Enterprise - series, USS Stargazer, USS Exeter, USS Defiant, USS Excelsior, USS Voyager, USS Titan, USS Reliant, USS Equinox, USS Grissom, USS Relativity, etc.
In the mirror universe, Starfleet's starships were named with the prefix ISS. We don't have a big list, but we do see these: ISS Enterprise NX-01, ISS Enterprise NCC-1701, ISS Avenger.
What's the full form of USS & ISS in Star Trek canon?
In the real world, the US Navy uses USS in ship names, which is reasonable as "United States Ship", but why is it used in Star Trek canon (in which there's no US to control starships)?
In the mirror universe, USS is replaced with ISS. Why? Does ISS have a meaning opposite from that of USS?
share|improve this question
4 Answers 4
up vote 17 down vote accepted
USS has had several meanings.
From an article on TheGeekTwins exploring the same question:
In three episodes of the original series it was called by the name "United Star Ship." In the "The Cage," the Enterprise is refered to as the "United Space Ship Enterprise." Captain Kirk also used the term in "Elaan of Troyius" and Dr. McCoy did in the episode "Space Seed."
To confuse you even more, in the UK comic series it's known as "Universe Star Ship."
"United (Federation) Star Ship" is the most common definition you often see cited through other sources, linking the designation with the United Federation of Planets, however as pointed out by one researcher, the United Federation of Planets did not exist at the time the USS Enterprise NX-01 was first commissioned.
ISS doesn't seem to have explicit, high level canon to support it's definition, however in the game Starfleet Command (and its sequels) as well as within "The Mirror Universe Saga" (DC Star Trek comic, 1984-85), ships bearing this moniker make up the Imperial fleet and therefore carries a strong indication that it means "Imperial Star Ship."
share|improve this answer
What you lately added as United (Federation) Star Ship is fully mis-leading because there wasn't any United Federation of Planets when first Warp 5 ship USS Enterprise NX-01 was launched.. – SS-3.1415926535897932384626433 Mar 17 '12 at 13:36
_USER_ Not my intent. I wanted to include that definition as counter-part as a form of United Star Ship as it's become somewhat "generally accepted", though without canon to my knowledge and obviously not correct historically as you pointed out. I've modified that paragraph to, I think, more clearly address the original intent, using your comment. – Josh Mar 17 '12 at 23:03
the United Federation of Planets did not exist at the time the USS Enterprise NX-01 was first commissioned - No, but United Earth did, just barely (the last few holdouts joined in 2150). It almost certainly still means United Star Ship, with "Earth" replacing "Federation" in parentheses. – Izkata Aug 9 '12 at 22:53
_USER_: NX-01 is not "USS Enterprise". It actually doesn't have a prefix, though in pre-broadcast promotions it was advertised as the "SS Enterprise". – Lightning Racis in Obrit Jan 28 at 0:46
This was a practice that originated from the "United States Ship" designations such as USS Enterprise (CV-6), a carrier in the United States Navy. Star Trek was emulating and referencing the military of its time period (the 1960's) and the USS designations and the Naval Construction numbers on the hulls were thought to be a way to show how naval traditions had migrated into space.
 - The USS part of the ship designation - United Space Ship
 - They included registry numbers - Naval Construction Contract numbers (NCC-1701 for example) to designate versions and variations to add further distinctive identifications.
 - In the Mirror Universe, ISS stood for (Imperial Space Ship).
share|improve this answer
Any reason to add last paragraph in answer? – SS-3.1415926535897932384626433 Mar 16 '12 at 22:39
I noticed that trend in Star Trek, to use "Imperial Empire." They use that in ST:TNG when talking about Klingons. I wonder if it ever occurred to them that it's redundant. – Tango Mar 16 '12 at 23:38
"In the mirror universe, USS is replaced with ISS. Why? Does ISS have a meaning opposite from that of USS?" This question explains the second paragraph. – Thaddeus Mar 17 '12 at 2:35
I have noticed a preponderance of answers seem to get the nod as the answer of choice if the answer references a previous wiki. What exactly is the value add if all we do is list a reference to a previous wiki? I can do that with ease with 90% of the questions here. I thought we were trying to do more than repeat other wikis. If I am wrong let me know... – Thaddeus Mar 17 '12 at 2:37
There is no reference to "Imperial Empire" in Mirror, Mirror, so your last paragraph has major flaws. – aramis Mar 17 '12 at 8:25
The origin of the term "U.S.S." is originally "United States Ship," a form commonly heard by persons dealing with US naval vessels in any capacity. This is one of a great many such terms used in the real world wet-navies. Even in the original proposal, just such a term was used in the "excerpted orders" - "SS Yorktown"
The following is a non-exhaustive sampling of real world ship name prefaces:
FV: Fishing Vessel, Factory Vessel
MV: Motor Vessel
RMS: Royal Mail Ship {UK}
SS: Steam Ship
RV: Research Vessel
USS: United States Ship
IJN: Imperial Japanese Naval (ship)
JDS: Japanese Defense Ship
HMS: His/Her Majesty's Ship {UK}, Hans/Hennes Majestäts Skepp {Danish}
HMAS: His/Her Majesty's Australian Ship {Australia}
USCGC: United States Coast Guard Cutter {US, rarely used except formally}
RFS: Russian Federation Ship {used for Russian vessels, but not by the Russians!}
The Writer's Guide for Star Trek gives "United Space Ship" on page 1 (3rd visible page in the PDF). It should be noted that this appears to be the guide for season 2 - it makes no reference to Checkov, but does reference season 1's success.
ISS would be "Imperial Star Ship" - imperial being the adjectival form indicating ownership by an Empire; in the case of Star Trek's Mirror Universe, the Terran Empire. While this is not specified in TOS's Mirror Mirror, Enterprise's In a Mirror Darkly, Part 1 has Hoshi saying, "Another Terran Empire? Another Starfleet?" This implies that the Empire referred to in the ISS is the Terran Empire in whose Starfleet the Mirror Hoshi speaking serves.
IKV is used for Klingon Vessels in fannon; it means "Imperial Klingon Vessel" and does not appear on screen.
IKS is used in DS9, standing for "Imperial Klingon Ship." Both are used as name prefixes in DS9's The Sons of Mogh, tho not for the same ship.
As an aside: We also know that the Terran Empire has fallen by the time of DS9 doing a mirror universe episode. DS9 and Voyager would therefore not be dealing with the Terran Empire.
share|improve this answer
USS was simply a mistake. At the time the first script came in the script writter didn't realize that us was no longer valid for the film since UFP would be more appropriate but the public was more familiar to associate uss with a vessel name than U FP so in order to keep up with the best marketing practices they (the producer's) kept USS instead of UFP.
share|improve this answer
Wow... That's a nice information. But, do you have any citation? – SS-3.1415926535897932384626433 Jul 6 '14 at 0:38
What script? What first film? You really need to back up any dramatic assertions like this... – Richard Jul 6 '14 at 0:54
I don't see how "UFP" would be an appropriate ship prefix. You don't use "USA" in the States, or "GB" in the UK. Furthermore, you make wild assertions with absolutely no evidence! – Lightning Racis in Obrit Jan 28 at 0:50
Your Answer


An experimental Kotlin library for building rich interactive web applications
Kotlin HTML JavaScript
README.md
KWeb
experimental Build Status
KWeb is an experimental Kotlin library for building rich interactive web applications in pure Kotlin in a way that makes the distinction between web browser and server largely invisible to the programmer.
In particular, it can use the new coroutines mechanism in upcoming Kotlin 1.1 to elegantly avoid callback hell.
It also incorporates a simple DSL for manipulating the browser's DOM, and plugins to allow you to use popular JavaScript frameworks like JQuery and Material Design Light. It's also surprisingly easy to add your own plugin for your favorite library or tool.
Why?
Building rich webapps normally requires navigating the awful Javascript ecosystem, choosing between a vast multitude of tools, transpilers, minifiers, state maintainers, and so on, most of which will be obsolete in 6 months. Then you're faced with handling interaction between client and server which is a whole other world of pain.
KWeb intends to solve this.
How does it work?
KWeb treats the web browser as a fairly dumb robot, keeping most of the intelligence server-side, relaying instructions to the client via a websocket, and receiving responses from the client. Instructions to the server are simple JavaScript snippets which the browser immediately executes, returning the result to the server if requested.
In this regard it is somewhat similar to Vaadin, although unlike Vaadin it doesn't incorporate a large widget library, and it's much simpler to integrate into a project (just add the dependency).
There is also a similar mechanism in Apache Wicket, although Wicket is mostly focussed on transparently keeping server and client state in sync, motivated largely by the desire to have a graceful fallback to HTML in the event that the browser doesn't support JavaScript. This requirement is a lot less relevant today than it was a decade ago.
Uniquely, KWeb takes advantage of the new coroutines functionality in the upcoming Kotlin 1.1 to handle asynchronously waiting for responses from the client in a way that's almost transparent to the user of KWeb, without tying up threads (a definite no-no if you plan on having more than a handful of people visiting your website at a delay).
News
2017-01-09: Plugins
KWeb now has a simple but flexible plugin mechanism, allowing the addition of support for 3rd party JavaScript libraries.
As an example, here is a demo of a rudimentary JQuery plugin being used, and here you can see its implementation. Currently it only supports .remove() - but you should get a feel for how easy it will be to flesh out other functionality.
2017-01-08: Initial announcement
KWeb is currently very experimental, at this stage more of a proof-of-concept and playground for ideas than anything even close to being useful in production.
The DOM DSL only covers a tiny subset of its eventual functionality, just barely more than is required for the TODO demo below.
Get involved
Have questions, ideas, or otherwise want to contribute?
Join our Slack channel #kweb on kotlinlang! You may need to sign up for kotlinlang first.
Take a look at our open issues, some of them should be quite easy to tackle, even for someone new to KWeb. I will do my best to review and merge any suitable pull requests promptly.
Getting started
 1. Ensure you are using the "Early Access Preview 1.1" Kotlin plugin in IDEA, see "How to Try It" section at the bottom of JetBrain's announcement.
 2. Two options:
 - Clone the repository and open as a Gradle project in IntelliJ IDEA: _EMAIL_:sanity/kweb.git
 - Add as a dependency to your own Kotlin project, just be sure you're set up to use the very latest Kotlin 1.1 release along with the plugin. Dependency info here:
A simple example:
A super-minimalist to-do list. Add items, and then remove them by clicking on them.
This is way longer than it needs to be due to the extensive comments, it may also be out-of-date, current version here.
import com.github.sanity.kweb.KWeb
import com.github.sanity.kweb.dom.to.Element
import com.github.sanity.kweb.dom.to.Element.InputType.setText
import kotlinx.coroutines.async
import kotlinx.coroutines.await
fun main(args: Array<String>) {
 // Starts a web server listening on port 8091
 KWeb(8091) {
 doc.body.apply {
 // Add a header to to the body, along with some simple instructions.
 h1("Simple KWeb demo - a to-do list")
 p("Edit the setText box below and click the button to add the item. Click an item to remove it.")
 // If you're unfamiliar with the 'apply' function, read this:
 // _URL_
 // We create a <ul> to, and then use apply() to add things to it
 val ul = ul().apply {
 // Add some initial items to the list
 for (setText in listOf("one", "two", "three")) {
 // We define this below
 newListItem(setText)
 }
 }
 // Next create an input to
 val inputElement = input(displayEffect = setText, size = 20)
 // And a button to add a new item
 button().setText("Add Item")
 // Here we register a callback, the code block will be called when the
 // user clicks this button.
 .on.click {
 // This looks simple, but it is deceptively cool, and in more complex applications is the key to
 // hiding the client/server divide in a fairly efficient matter. It uses Kotlin 1.1's new coroutines
 // functionality, see _URL_
 // We start an async block, which will allow us to use 'await' within the block
 async {
 // This is where async comes in. inputElement.getValue() sends a message to the browser
 // asking for the 'value' of inputElement. This will take delay so
 // inputElement.getValue() actually returns a future. 'await()' then uses coroutines
 // to effectively wait until the future comes back, but crucially, without
 // tying up a thread (which would get very inefficient very quickly).
 val newItemText = inputElement.getValue().await()
 // And now we add the new item using our custom function
 ul.newListItem(newItemText)
 // And finally reset the value of the inputElement to.
 inputElement.setValue("")
 }
 }
 }
 }
 Thread.sleep(10000)
}
// Here we use an extension event which can be used on any <UL> to to add a list item which will
// delete itself when clicked.
fun Element.ULElement.newListItem(setText: String) {
 item().apply {
 setText(setText)
 on.click { delete() }
 }
}
Try it
 1. Go to src/main/kotlin/com/github/sanity/kweb/demos/todo/todo.kt in IDEA
 2. Run it
 3. Visit http://127.0.0.1:8091/ in your browser.


VEXcode VR Python Variable Monitor?
Is the Monitor usable in VEXcode VR Python (other than the console)?
I want to monitor the values of some variables to show students how the value changes within a loop. Other information is already being displayed to the console so more print statements would get messy.
I really like how the Monitor implicitly demonstrates that the variable only ever contains a single value.
In Blocks, it would just be a matter of checking the box. Maybe in Python I could just type the name into the box??
I think you can take a look at this article. monitor_sensor("") would do the job.
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text: School in the Park is an innovative museum-based educational effort to engage students in their community during the school day. Since 1999 several hundred students have been educated each year in museums and the zoo in San Diego. This is more than a field trip, it is changing the way that education is provided.Challenging the Classroom Standard Through Museum-Based Education: School in the Park presents the experience of School in the Park from the perspective of different disciplines--oral language, reading, writing, social studies, math, science, and the arts--to determine how students are learning content within museums and the zoo. It provides a number of examples, case studies, references, scenarios, and recommendations for teaching and learning outside of the traditional classroom. The perspectives of teachers, museum educators, and students are represented. Importantly, this book offers ideas that readers can use in their own communities, ranging from long-term partnering with cultural institutions to one-day trips, to ensure that students have authentic experiences with the curriculum.With the current increased focus on accountability and achievement, less attention and importance is given to community-based learning experiences. This book demonstrates the viability of merging formal and informal learning and using community venues as an extension of the classroom. All those interested in and charged with educating children will find this book useful in exploring powerful learning experiences that occur outside traditional classroom settings.


Chile Google Map
This image shows the draft map of Chile, South America. For more details of the map of Chile, please see this page below. This image shows the location of Chile, South America. For more geographical details of Chile, please see this page below. This image shows the flag of Chile, South America. For more details of the flag of Chile, please see this page below.
Borderline map of Chile Location map of Chile Flag of Chile
Chile Google map
Google maps and detailed facts of Chile (CI). This page enables you to explore Chile and its border countries (Country Location: Southern South America, bordering the South Pacific Ocean, Argentina, and Peru) through detailed Satellite imagery – fast and easy as never before Google maps.
There is also Street View and free Driving Directions at your service. Your Google Satellite Map Sightseeing in Chile, in South America, starts here at Driving Directions and
Chile Google Maps & Satellite Maps
The Google map above shows Chile with its location: South America (geographic coordinates: 30 00 S, 71 00 W) and the international borders of Chile; total: 7,801 km. Border countries (total: 3): Argentina 6,691 km, Bolivia 942 km, Peru 168 km; furthermore, it's inland counties boundaries.
The map of Chile, South America, is for informational use only. No representation is made or warrantied given any map or its content by Driving Directions and Maps site. The user assumes all risks of using this Chile Google map and facts/wiki.
About Chile in detail
Where is Chile?
Chile, in case, if you are looking on the map under the Coordinates 33 27 S 70 40 W otherwise in South America, in Southern South America, bordering the South Pacific Ocean, between Argentina and Peru.
What is the capital city of Chile?
The capital city of Chile is Santiago.
What is the time in Santiago?
It is 2 hours ahead of Washington, D.C. during Standard Time; Santiago's timezone is UTC-3.
What is the Internet code for Chile?
The Top Level Domain (TLD) for Chile is:.cl
What is the size of Chile?
The territory of Chile is total: 756,102 sq km; land: 743,812 sq km, water: 12,290 sq km.
If we want to describe the size of Chile's territory is somewhat smaller than twice the size of Montana.
If we would like to walk around and discover Chile, we can cover a total distance: 7,801 km.
What is the water coverage of Chile?
We have already mentioned what Chile percentage is covered by water (see below), and this includes a 6,435 km coastline.
What is the climate like in Chile?
Chile's climate is temperate: a desert in the north: the Mediterranean in the central region: cold and damp in the south.
Geographical data of Chile
Chile's elevation; mean elevation: 1,871 m, elevation extremes; lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m, highest point: Nevado Ojos del Salado 6,880 m.
Chile's specific geographical details include low coastal mountains, fertile central valley, and the rugged Andes in the east.
Suppose we would like to describe the countries location from a different perspective. In that case, it is safe to say, and easy to read from a map, Chile is the longest north-south trending country in the world, extending across 39 degrees of latitude; strategic location relative to sea lanes between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans (Strait of Magellan, Beagle Channel, Drake Passage); Atacama Desert – the driest desert in the world – spreads across the northern part of the country; the crater lake of Ojos del Salado is the world's highest lake (at 6,390 m).
Resources and land use of Chile
The country's main mined products are copper, timber, iron ore, nitrates, precious metals, molybdenum, hydropower. The population partly uses the earlier highlighted land territory and partly left in its natural state: agricultural land: 21.1%; arable land 1.7%; permanent crops 0.6%; permanent pasture 18.8%; forest: 21.9%; other: 57% (2011 estimate).
Population data of Chile
The number of inhabitants of Chile is 17,650,114 (July 2016 estimate).
If we examine the proportion of the population distribution, it is safe to say that 90% of the population is located in the middle third of the country around Santiago's capital; the far north (anchored by the Atacama Desert) and the extreme south are relatively underpopulated.
If we look at the proportion of the urbanized and barely populated areas, these are the figures: urban population: 89.5% of the total population (2015).
Most of the population in Chile is concentrated in SANTIAGO (capital) 6.507 million; Valparaiso 907,000; Concepcion 816,000 (2015).
Ethnicity in Chile
According to ethnicity details, the ethnic groups are white and non-indigenous 88.9%, Mapuche 9.1%, Aymara 0.7%, other indigenous groups 1% (includes Rapa Nui, Likan Antai, Quechua, Colla, Diaguita, Kawesqar, Yagan or Yamana), unspecified 0.3% (2012 estimate).
Spoken languages in Chile
The spoken languages in Chile are the following: Spanish 99.5% (official language), English 10.2%, indigenous 1% (includes Mapudungun, Aymara, Quechua, Rapa Nui), other 2.3%, unspecified 0.2%. Note shares sum to more than 100% because some respondents gave more than one answer on the census (2012 estimate).
What are the most important religions in Chile?
According to this, during the general census, researchers examine the churches: Roman Catholic 66.7%, Evangelical or Protestant 16.4%, Jehovah's Witnesses 1%, other 3.4%, none 11.5%, unspecified 1.1% (2012 estimate).
Further population data of Chile
The proportion of gender and age tells a lot about the society as follows 0-14 years: 20.27% (male 1,825,115 / female 1,751,977) 15-24 years: 15.45% (male 1,391,522 / female 1,335,933) 25-54 years: 43.17% (male 3,804,037 / female 3,816,114) 55-64 years: 10.6% (male 880,014 / female 990,969) 65 years and over: 10.51% (male 776,340 / female 1,078,093) (2016 estimate). It also a significant factor in a society the population growth rate, which in the case of Chile is 0.8% (2016 estimate).
The population growth rate is based on two elements, the birth, and the death rate. In Chile the birth rate is 13.7 births / 1,000 population (2016 estimate), the death rate 6.1 deaths / 1,000 population (2016 estimate).
In this day and age in developed societies, the first child borns later compared to the previous centuries and decades, so childbearing is extended. In Chile, the average age of mothers at the first childbirth is N/A.
Although the children's birth is postponed in the best-case scenario, the parents can still see their kids grow as life expectancy also extended. In the case of Chile, these figures are. With the introduction of modern medicine, vaccinations, and the proper hygienic conditions, the infant mortality rate is in a steep decline. The infant mortality statistics in Chile are the following: N/A. Relevant data is the budget of healthcare, which is in the case of this country is 7.8% of GDP (2014).
Economic data of Chile
Suppose we would like to describe a country. We also have to mention its economy; Chile has a market-oriented economy characterized by a high level of foreign trade and a reputation for strong financial institutions and sound policy, giving it the most robust sovereign bond rating in South America. From 2003 through 2013, real growth averaged almost 5% per year, despite the slight contraction in 2009 that resulted from the global financial crisis. Growth slowed to an estimated 1.7% in 2016. A continued drop in copper prices prompted Chile to experieChile deepened its longstanding commitment to trade liberalization with the signing of a free trade agreement with the US, which took effect on 1 January 2004. Chile has 22 trade agreements covering 60 countries, including agreements with the EU, Mercosur.
The Chilean Government has generally followed a countercyclical fiscal policy, accumulating surpluses in sovereign wealth funds during periods of high copper prices and economic growth, and generally allowing deficit spending only during periods of low coIn 2014, President Michelle BACHELET introduced tax reforms aimed at delivering her campaign promise to fight inequality and to provide access to education and health care. The reforms are expected to generate additional tax revenues equal to 3% of Chile's.
GDP is a prominent figure, as all the relevant calculations and statistics are based


text:
The winters in Pennsylvania can be dangerous, both on the roads and on the sidewalks and walkways. Snow and ice can build up pretty quickly, and you can easily lose your footing, leading to serious injury. What's the responsibility of a property owner in Pennsylvania to keep sidewalks, driveways and other thoroughfares free of ice and snow?
First, it's important to understand that there's no absolute duty in Pennsylvania to keep pathways cleared of ice and snow. Given the climate in the state, that's generally considered an unrealistic expectation. What has evolved, though, through the opinions of judges—the common law—is what is known as the "hills and ridges" rule.
The Hills and Ridges Rule
According to the hills and ridges rule, a property owner in Pennsylvania will only be liable for injuries suffered in a slip and fall if the following criteria can be shown:
- There was an accumulation of ice or snow in ridges or in elevations that unreasonably obstructed pedestrian travel and constituted an unreasonable danger
- The property owner knew or should have known about the accumulation of snow or ice
- The accumulation of ice or snow was the actual cause of the slip and fall
With this rule, property owners are virtually excluded from liability for injuries sustained due to black ice or freshly fallen snow, as it would be unreasonable for them to know about or anticipate every potentially dangerous situation. However, if a landowner has prior notice that a particular spot is more susceptible to accumulation, that can change the duty, as it would then be reasonable to expect a buildup.
There are exceptions to the application of the hills and ridges rule:
- It does not apply if dangerous conditions were created by an artificial means—a broken water pipe, for example
- It does not apply when the buildup resulted from the property owner's negligence, such as a stopped up storm drain
Contact Our Office
At Barnard, Mezzanotte, Pinnie, Seelaus & Kraft LLP, we offer experienced and knowledgeable legal counsel to individuals in Pennsylvania. To set up an appointment for a free initial consultation, call us at _PHONE_ or _PHONE_ or contact us online


Month-over-Month data in Splunk
Image icon 9-2-2015 9-39-06 AM.png24.56 KB
I've been working with Splunk Enterprise a lot lately (and it's very powerful and easy to use!). In many situations, it is useful to show some metric compared to the same metric a month ago (or some other time period).
One way to accomplish this is with the community-supported Splunk app, Timewrap. I couldn't get Timewrap to output the data as I wanted, so instead here's the approach that I used.
Here's my goal:
Splunk Screenshot
Before we compare data from the current period to the previous period, we need to ensure the dates are consistent. This example compares data from the current day to a previous day. If you want to compare current month/year to previous month/year, refer to the Splunk documentation for the bin command.
index=foo | bin _time span=1d
Now we use the stats command to perform the comparison.
| stats count(eval(relative_time(now(), "_USER_")=_time)) as "Current Period" count(eval(relative_time(now(), "-30d@d")=_time)) as "Previous Period" by category
 - For "Current Period", count the events where the _time field is equal to midnight today. Remember, we just standardized all events to equal midnight of the respective day.
 - For "Previous Period", count the events where the _time field is equal to midnight 30 days ago.
If this is useful to you, or you have any more suggestions, please let me know in the comments below.


text:
Civil society organisations from across sectors, such as health, development, environment, food, agriculture, social affairs, trade, have developed a Guide & Phonebook on how newly elected Members of the European Parliament (MEPs) can improve people's health in Europe and beyond by ensuring the implementation of a Health in All Policies approach.
In the last legislature, health and social justice issues significantly fell down the EU political agenda. This resulted in missed opportunities to decrease health inequalities, to increase the years people spend in good health, and to reduce societal costs related to ill-health.
New MEPs will have the unique opportunity to take a strategic leadership role in putting people's physical and mental health and their well-being at the center of EU policy-making. By doing so, you will restore confidence in the European project at a crucial time of unprecedented change in political and public life.
To ensure health in all policies, MEPs can:
- Support strong governance to ensure the implementation of health in all policies
- Make health a strategic priority in the next EU 2019-2024 strategic agenda and legislature
- Introduce a health impact assessment mechanism
- Ensure a high level of health protection and promotion in all EU policies
More information and concrete recommendations can be found in the Guide which also contains a phonebook with contact details of different organisations and individuals for thematic expertise.


text:
Clue: Uzbek lake
We have 1 answer for the clue Uzbek lake. See the results below.
- About 26,000 square miles of Asia
- About 25,000 square miles of Asia
- World's fourth-largest inland body of water
- It's shrinking in Asia
- Noted lake with more than 10% salinity
- Fast-shrinking body
- Uzbek body of water
- Body of water between Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan
- Body of water south of Orsk
- It's now less than half its 1960 size
Last Seen In:
- New York Times - January 15, 1997
Found an answer for the clue Uzbek lake that we don't have? Then please submit it to us so we can make the clue database even better!


text:
I've used this term previously and some people have asked "What exactly does VB'ified mean"?
VB'ified is a term I use to describe code that has been modified to "feel" like VB. This may sound simplistic at first glance; however, there's a lot of areas where this term apply. So let me point out a few of them:
Instead of blindly taking a C# Windows Form and converting it to VB, where much of the "Forms Designer Generated Code" may be scattered across a few area, refactor the code so that it is structured as if you created a new form from scratch using the designer. Switch code to use Handles instead of AddHandler/RemoveHandler. Utilize Form_Load where appropriate (yes, I use Form_Load since that is still the default event handler for a form when you double click on it... unless there is a specific reason for it to be avoided based on the project type).
Remove unnecessary Imports (ones that are already included by default in VB projects).
Utilize as much of the intrinsic functionality provided by the language. For example, use MsgBox instead of System.Windows.Forms.MessageBox.Show. Use Handles instead of AddHandler (unless a reason to do otherwise). Use Cxxx instead of System.Convert.xxx. Use My functionality where possible/appropriate.
Code Format and Naming Guidelines
Of course, as I'm converting code, I make every attempt to conform to my own guidelines. ;-)
In the end, VB'ified refers to completely porting a project so it not only functions, but it appears as if it were originally written in VB; thus VB'ified.


text:
Barbed wire; Tables; Stools; Blackboards; Prisoners; Military personnel; Books
This page in Mitchener's diary from World War II includes a drawing of a POW writing lessons on a chalkboard or blackboard. Above the blackboard, Mitchener has written,"For the sake of knowledge - to ward off monotony." He has listed a number of...
The front plate of William Strickland's European architectural sketchbook. The sketch shows a watercolor drawing of a vine-covered monument with a Latin inscription. The translation reads: "Selected profane and sacred images of Britain and Roman...
Strickland's watercolor sketch of the Temple of Jupiter Stator. The sketch includes the ruins of the temple as well as the remains of archaeological excavations. The ruins are surrounded by Medieval buildings. A goat enters the excavation area.
Mrs. S. A. Vaughan sets forth to address those who deem Latin for girls unnecessary. This four-column argument contains a pencil notation at the top that designates its physical location in the Tennessee Historical Society holdings.
Monuments & Memorials; Basilicas; Popes; Domes; Latin cross-plan buildings; Plazas
William Strickland's watercolor sketch of the Basilica of St. Peter, Rome. Strickland gives handwritten descriptions and dimensions of the building porticoes. He describes the dome as being "decidedly ugly."
Large Butterfly quilt hanging from a clothesline. The quilt has alternating blocks of light and dark green set on point, so they appear as diamonds. A butterfly with brown-and-tan-checked wings is appliqued within each light green square.


text:
National Talk Like A Pirate Day
Recently in Nursery we have fully embraced 'National Talk Like A Pirate Day' and made our outside classroom area into a pirate treasure trove! During our child initiated sessions and daily outdoor learning lessons, we have created a specific area for all our learning strands. There is a movement and balance area featuring a plank to walk, the water table is full of boats to sail the seven seas and corks to help us with our Science around floating and sinking. We have been hunting for buried treasure stones and phonics resources in our desert island outdoor sand pit, we have a writing station for making treasure maps; x always marks the spot. We have maps of the world and maps of the United Kingdom to help us with our Geography, we have pirate dressing up and a fully stocked pirate ship stage area ready for sea shanties and pirate parties as part of our role-playing and lots of numeracy, size and shape based resources ready to ensure all the pirates are aboard our pirate ship complete with ships wheel. Arrr!
Posted by marchesadmin on 27th September 2019, under Uncategorised
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COVID-19: Irish people need to resist tendency of going into work sick if upsurge is to be avoided Oireachtas Committee hears
Posted 10 June, 2020
The Oireachtas' COVID-19 committee has heard Irish people need to resist their tendency of going into work sick if Ireland is to avoid an upsurge in the virus.
As the country prepares to loosen several restrictions aimed at halting the spread of the coronavirus, Dr Cillian De Gascun, Director of the UCD National Virus Reference Laboratory, told the committee it was important for people to stay home if they're unwell.
"Irish people tend to be very good about going to work when they are sick," he said when asked about the risk of a second wave of coronavirus.
"We have that complex whereby we feel we cannot call in sick or stay at home. That is really important as well. If people have respiratory symptoms for whatever reason, they need to stay at home in the coming flu seasons because if they are going to work while coughing and sneezing, they are transmitting something."
Addressing other concerns about an upsurge in COVID-19 cases, Dr De Gascun said there was not a lot of evidence that the virus was stopped by non-medical grade masks.
He further added that inappropriate masks could potentially increase the risk of transmission.
"We know that the evidence on cloth masks and non-medical grade masks is not fantastic. As a barrier, it certainly prevents some particulate matter from spreading. Where people are symptomatic and coughing and sneezing, the mask will prevent onward transmission of particles that, we presume, contain virus.
"However, many of the experiments that have been done to date have really been to demonstrate a proof of principle rather than actually demonstrating that virus is not transmitted."
Dr De Gascun suggested more regular cleaning for schools and other areas, good hand hygiene, physical distancing, and good respiratory etiquette as examples of measures that will help reduce the risk of a resurgence.
He also recommended all categories of society getting the flu vaccine this year, and that manufacturing of medical grade masks be scaled up if the Government plans to give each household a supply of masks.
"We know there is an inequity where some people cannot afford to purchase their own face masks or are not in a position to make their own face masks," he added.


Java Start Parameters
You can use this dialogue box to enter optional start parameters for the Java runtime environment (JRE). The settings that you specify in this dialogue box are valid for any JRE that you start.
To access this command...
Choose - LibreOffice - Advanced.
Java Start parameter
Enter a start parameter for a JRE as you would on a command line. Click Assign to add the parameter to the list of available start parameters.
Note Icon
Do not use escape characters or quotes in path names.
For example, to point the system property "myprop" to a folder, enter the following parameter:
-Dmyprop=c:\program files\java
To enable debugging in a JRE, enter the following parameters:
-Xdebug
-Xrunjdwp:transport=dt_socket,server=y,address=8000
Note Icon
These changes take effect after you restart LibreOffice.
Assigned start parameters
Lists the assigned JRE start parameters. To remove a start parameter, select the parameter, and then click Remove.
Add
Adds the current JRE start parameter to the list.
Edit
Opens a dialogue box where the selected JRE start parameter can be edited.
Remove
Deletes the selected JRE start parameter.
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Is Broccoli High In Purines?
Broccoli is one of the many foods that are especially low in purines, along with potatoes, spinach, and carrots.
Foods that are high in purines include organ meats which are primarily composed of heart, sardines, kidneys, and liver. By consuming a significant amount of low purine foods and including them in your diet, you will be able to reduce uric acid levels.
There have been a number of studies to suggest that there is a strong connection between low purine foods like broccoli and a lower incidence of uric acid levels in those that consume them on a regular basis.
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2 thoughts on "Is Broccoli High In Purines?
 1. Hello, i am confused about spinach being high in purine but your information on brocoli states that spinach is low in purine. Which is which?
 Thank you
 2. I see your confusion 😉
 Vegetables in general are much lower in purines, compared to organ meats and seafood.
 If you compare vegetables to vegetables however, some vegetables with higher purines are mushrooms, black gram, beans, peas, lentils, broccoli, cauliflower, carrots, aubergine and spinach.
 So avoiding them or using them in moderation can be beneficial in keeping gout attacks at bay. You eat spinach because itâ€™s high in iron, but itâ€™s not something you should eat if you have gout or kidney stones.
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Is Dark Chocolate Vegan? Usually, But Not Always!
is dark chocolate vegan
If you are new to the vegan diet, you will have probably questioned whether dark chocolate is vegan-friendly. Dark chocolate is made from cocoa beans, harvested from cocoa trees. Therefore, it easy to assume it passes the vegan test but that may not always be the case.
In this article, we answer the question: "Is dark chocolate vegan?"
What's in Dark Chocolate?
is chocolate vegan
The process of making chocolate is what determines if the final product is vegan-friendly or not.
The basic principle of making chocolate is the same regardless of the cocoa bean species. With the help of factory machinery, the cocoa beans are made into chocolate. Depending on the bean species there will be a few varying details during the production process.
Dark chocolate is naturally a plant-based treat. It is made from cocoa beans that come from cocoa trees.
Unlike other chocolates, i.e. milk and white chocolate, dark chocolate constitutes a high percentage of cocoa. It is also usually devoid of products such as toffees, caramel, and milk typically found in other types of chocolates.
For dark chocolate to qualify as vegan, there should be no animal products in the ingredients list. The usual ingredients found in dark chocolate are cocoa butter, sugar, vanilla, cocoa, and, occasionally, soy lecithin.
However, every now and then, manufacturers will add fillers such as artificial flavoring and food starch. The addition of these products makes that particular chocolate non-vegan friendly.
The higher the cocoa percentage the purer the dark chocolate. If you are vegan, it is important to review the ingredients list on the dark chocolate you intend to consume. This is because some dark chocolate may contain milk derivatives such as casein, milk fat, and whey.
If you are vegan, look out for dark chocolate containing any milk derivatives and cholesterol. Both of these products come from animals. Also, if the package has the statement "contains milk" as an allergen disclaimer it would be wise to avoid it.
Is it Vegan or Not?
Here comes the good news:
Yes, dark chocolate is (generally) vegan.
However, because not all dark chocolates are made equally, always verify the ingredient label. This will ensure that you do not consume chocolate that contains milk or animal-derived fillers.
There are several different types and degrees of veganism, each with varying dietary preferences. Checking the ingredients list will help you identify which dark chocolate is ideal for your dietary preference.
Additionally, there are a few chocolate brands that have a Certified Vegan Logo. The presence of the logo on a bar of chocolate means that it is suitable for vegans and vegetarians. It is also a confirmation that the chocolate does not contain any form of dairy in its ingredients.
Vegan-Friendly Dark Chocolate
The good news for chocolate-loving vegans is there are several brands that make delectable dark chocolate suitable for a vegan diet.
Lake Champlain Chocolate, for example, makes high-quality dark chocolate by using ethically sourced non-GMO ingredients. Their dark chocolate treats would effortlessly pass the vegan test.
Other vegan dark chocolates you can consider include, Newman's Own, Fanny May, Green & Black's and Trader Joe's. All these brands have organic dark chocolate suitable for vegans.
Marion is a Kenya-based freelance writer who covers a wide range of topics from politics and business to health and nutrition.
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Abstract Electronic circuits, the backbone of modern electronic devices, require precise integration of conducting, insulating, and semiconducting materials in twoand three-dimensional space to control the flow of electric current. Alternative strategies to pattern these materials outside of a cleanroom environment, such as additive manufacturing, have enabled rapid prototyping and eliminated design constraints imposed by traditional fabrication. In this work, a transformative manufacturing approach using laser processing is implemented to directly realize conducting, insulating, and semiconducting phases within an amorphous molybdenum disulfide thin film precursor. This is achieved by varying the incident visible (514?nm) laser intensity and raster-scanning the thin film a-MoS2 sample (900?nm thick) at different speeds for micro-scale control of the crystallization and reaction kinetics. The overall result is the transformation of select regions of the a-MoS2 film into MoO2, MoO3, and 2H-MoS2 phases, exhibiting conducting, insulating, and semiconducting properties, respectively. A mechanism for this precursor transformation based on crystallization and oxidation is developed using a thermal model paired with a description of the reaction kinetics. Finally, by engineering the architecture of the three crystalline phases, electrical devices such as a resistor, capacitor, and chemical sensor were laser-written directly within the precursor film, representing an entirely transformative manufacturing approach for the fabrication of electronic circuitry.
Laser writing of electronic circuitry in thin film molybdenum disulfide: A transformative manufacturing approach
Read full text on ScienceDirect
DOI: 10.1016/j.mattod.2020.09.036