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This post is relevant for local readers of The Drama Teacher, only.
As the 2017 academic year is about to begin, the big question is:
Which performance style(s) should be I be teaching or studying in VCE Drama Unit 3?
VCE Drama Unit 3 is of course all about non-naturalism (otherwise known as non-realism or anti-realism in other parts of the world). The choices for studying performance styles therefore cover pretty much everything OTHER than realism and naturalism.
While it may not be entirely clear in the Drama Study Design, there are a few prescriptions with performance styles in this unit. Students must study these three performance styles in VCE Drama Unit 3:
The VCAA make reference to this prescription in the study design using this descriptor to define non-naturalistic theatre that names these three performance styles and their primary practitioners:
Non-naturalism is a broad term for all performance styles that are not dependent on the life-like representation of everyday life and is based on the work of Antonin Artaud (Theatre of Cruelty), Bertolt Brecht (Epic Theatre) and Jerzy Grotowski (Poor Theatre). It can allow an actor to explore and present ideas or stories conceptually. Non-naturalism does not seek to re-create life as it is lived, but is focused more on passing comment on, or responding to, aspects of the real world. Non-naturalistic performance can occur in any space and is not dependent on specific resources. Non-naturalistic performance work might include the manipulation of both naturalistic and non-naturalistic conventions.
In the Summary of Changes document published to introduce the 2014-2018 Drama study design the VCAA state:
Non-naturalism is defined as a broad performance style based on the work of Artaud, Brecht and Grotowski and defined by the non-naturalist (sic) use of stagecraft, acting style of the performers, use of dramatic elements and use of conventions including transformation of character and/or time and/or place and/or object. Across the study it is expected that learning activities will introduce students to the characteristics of the work of Artaud, Brecht and Grotowski and, as appropriate, to other practitioners whose work features non-naturalistic performance styles.
Furthermore, in the Assessment Handbook for teachers the VCAA publish:
… ensure the student … has knowledge and understanding of non-naturalistic styles of performance including the work of Artaud, Brecht, Grotowski and other practitioners as appropriate to the stimulus material
As these three performance styles had never actually been stated on the VCE Drama written examination paper until 2015 (see pages 8 and 9), up until this time some teachers may have taught them with unequal emphasis or even omitting one of these styles altogether from their course. Previously, students discussed a non-naturalistic performance style of their choice in relation to some responses on the exam paper. I imagine the majority of students discussed epic theatre (well most of my students over the years did, anyway).
It is now clear, all three of these performance styles – epic theatre, poor theatre, and theatre of cruelty, need to be taught/studied in VCE Drama Unit 3 – and with equal emphasis.
It is also clear that if time permits in the course, you are more than welcome to introduce other non-naturalistic performance styles to deepen students' understanding. While it is highly unlikely anything other than epic theatre, poor theatre, and theatre of cruelty may appear on the written examination, students can gleam much from studying additional non-naturalistic performance styles and conventions. In practice, this can benefit students in the development and presentation of their non-naturalistic ensemble performance in Drama Unit 3 and their non-naturalistic solo performance in Drama Unit 4.
Additional non-naturalistic performance styles may include (but are not limited to):
It is the teacher's choice which non-naturalistic performance styles are to be taught in VCE Drama Unit 3 and which non-naturalistic performance style(s) will be prescribed in the Unit 3 ensemble performance. The VCAA choose which performance style(s) are to be specified in the Unit 4 solo performance examination, beyond all choices being generally non-naturalistic in style.
If you are new to teaching or studying VCE Drama Unit 3, hopefully this post has answered a few questions you may have had and offered some clarity.


P^nMPI ... not found ... using LD_PRELOAD to load P^nMPI ... success
[MUST] Executing application:
srun: job 32765491 queued and waiting for resources
srun: job 32778008 has been allocated resources
Hello , I am rank 2 of 4 processes.
Hello , I am rank 3 of 4 processes.
Hello , I am rank 0 of 4 processes.
Hello , I am rank 1 of 4 processes.
============MUST===============
ERROR: MUST detected a deadlock, detailed information is available in the MUST output file. You should either investigate details with a debugger or abort, the operation of MUST will stop from now.
===============================
Analysis of MUST output files and MPI usage errors
MUST produces an MUST_Output.html file and a directory MUST_Output-files with additional html files. Copy the files to your local host, e.g.
marie@local$ scp -r dataport1.hpc.tu-dresden.de:/data/horse/ws/marie-must/{MUST_Output-files,MUST_Output.html}
and open the file MUST_Output.html using a webbrowser. Alternativly, you can open the html file with a firefox instance on the HPC sytems. This requires to forward the X11 support via SSH.
MUST detects all three MPI usage errors within this example:
 - A type mismatch
 - A send-send deadlock
 - A leaked datatype
The type mismatch is reported as follows:
MUST error
MUST also offers a detailed page for the type mismatch error.
MUST error
In order not to exceed the scope of this example, we do not explain the MPI usage errors in more details. Please, feel free to deep-dive into the error description provided in the official MUST documentation v1.7.2 (Sec. 4).
Further MPI Correctness Tools
Besides MUST, there exist further MPI correctness tools, these are:
 - Marmot (predecessor of MUST)
 - MPI checking library of the Intel Trace Collector
 - ISP (From Utah)
 - Umpire (predecessor of MUST)
ISP provides a more thorough deadlock detection as it investigates alternative execution paths, however its overhead is drastically higher as a result. Contact our support if you have a specific use cases that needs one of these tools.


Hadjiyiannis Mexis
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Hadjiyiannis Mexis was a Greek financier and political representative of the Greek War of Independence against the Ottoman Empire (1821 - 1829).
Mexis was born circa 1756 in Spetses, the son of Theodoros Mexis who hailed from Lambovo, Northern Epirus. He amassed a large fortune as a ship owner and a merchant and gained much influence in Spetses. During the War of Independence, he used his fortune to finance the war effort, providing war ships and lending money to the revolutionary government.
He attended the First National Assembly as a representative of Spetses between December 1821 and January 1822. On September 8, 1822, he successfully led the effort to defend the island against an attempted Turkish invasion.
After the war, Mexis served as a senator and a delegate from Spetses. He was honoured for his services to Greece by King Otto with the medal of the Grand Cross of the Order of the Saviour in 1841.
He died on August 23, 1844. His mansion in Spetses serves a museum of the War of Independence.


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Hirst has now developed a significant advance of the PFM process with mathematical support from the University of Exeter. These new PFM self demagnetisation field function (SDFF) units allow closed-circuit magnetic measurements to be made in open-circuit circumstances, something which has not been possible before.
This is an essential step needed for the characterisation of actual production magnets prior to assembly and magnetisation.
This is an industry first and solves a high-value industrial market challenge.
This technology extends the PFM open-loop process, allowing closed-loop measurements to be made by using a proprietary new field interpretation model operating on a proven technology platform.
This enables a high-yield volume permanent magnet motor manufacturing supply chain and quality assurance operations worldwide.
The SDFF technique can be applied to all 'open' magnet characterisation techniques, in the laboratory or factory, where it can offer potentially 100% yields by ensuring that every magnet in the assembly has the same, specified characteristics required by the application.
Essentially this advance enables a high-yield volume manufacturing of permanent magnet-based products, ahead of other techniques.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text: This correspondence presents a novel hierarchical clustering approach for knowledge document self-organization, particularly for patent analysis. Current keyword-based methodologies for document content management tend to be inconsistent and ineffective when partial meanings of the technical content are used for cluster analysis. Thus, a new methodology to automatically interpret and cluster knowledge documents using an ontology schema is presented. Moreover, a fuzzy logic control approach is used to match suitable document cluster(s) for given patents based on their derived ontological semantic webs. Finally, three case studies are used to test the approach. The first test case analyzed and clustered 100 patents for chemical and mechanical polishing retrieved from the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO). The second test case analyzed and clustered 100 patent news articles retrieved from online Web sites. The third case analyzed and clustered 100 patents for radio-frequency identification retrieved from WIPO. The results show that the fuzzy ontology-based document clustering approach outperforms the K-means approach in precision, recall, F-measure, and Shannon's entropy.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


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Oregon Elects First-Ever Kid Governor to Help Fight Bullying
11-year-old Dom Peters has a three-point plan to combat bullying across the state.
Oregon Kid's Governor
Earlier this month, 11-year-old Dom Peters was elected first-ever Kid Governor in the state of Oregon. He ran on an anti-bullying platform and was voted in by a majority of the state's 5th-graders. A victim of bullying himself, Peters understands the pain that comes from being picked on at school or online and promised to create a comprehensive plan that ensures bullying is taken seriously in Oregon.
What even is a Kid Governor? And what powers do they hold? The Kid Governor Program began in Connecticut in 2015 and is designed to encourage students to learn about government while exploring their passion for a specific issue. Each year, a new student is elected and given a platform upon which to help raise awareness and propose changes that could make a difference in their communities.
Oregon is only the second state to join the program by creating a state-wide 'office' for civic-minded kids, and elected officials pulled out all the stops for its first-ever Kid Governor inauguration ceremony. Several top lawmakers were in attendance including Senator Peter Courtney, who spoke about the three branches of American government. Kid Governor Peters then gave his inaugural address, in which he laid out his "three-point plan" to help combat bullying at school and on the internet.
Dom Peters signing his official Oath of Office. Oregon Secretary of State Dennis Richardson
Fatherly IQ
 Paid leave and child care
 Climate change and the environment
 Jobs and the economy
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Obviously, bullying remains a serious issue for kids across the country, as they're no longer just susceptible to teasing and harassment on the school playground. And it's clear that Peter's platform resonated with other fifth-graders. Hopefully, he can use his time in office to enact some positive change for Oregon students, not to mention learn a few things that might help get him elected to higher office someday down the road.


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RV reducer is a mechanical device used for deceleration and transmission, widely used in the aerospace field. In the successful launch of the Shenzhou-17, the RV reducer played an important role.
Firstly, the RV reducer can be used in the propulsion system of the aerospace rocket. During the launch process, the rocket engine needs to provide sufficient thrust to overcome the Earth's gravity and enter space. The RV reducer can convert the kinetic energy of the high-speed rotating rotor generated by the engine into thrust through deceleration and transmission, thereby achieving the acceleration and propulsion of the rocket. This conversion process is crucial to ensure that the rocket provides sufficient thrust stably during the launch process.
Secondly, the RV reducer can also be used in the landing system of the aerospace rocket. In the mission of Shenzhou-17, the rocket needs to return to Earth safely after completing the mission. In order to achieve this goal, the rocket needs to decelerate in the atmosphere and land at the designated landing site. The RV reducer can convert the kinetic energy of the rocket into mechanical energy through deceleration and transmission, and control the operation of parachutes or thrusters to achieve the deceleration and landing of the rocket. This landing system design can ensure the safe and stable landing of the rocket during the return process, providing important guarantee for subsequent missions.
Finally, the RV reducer can also be used in the attitude control system of the aerospace rocket. In space missions, the rocket needs to maintain a specific attitude and direction to ensure the smooth progress of the mission. The RV reducer can convert the kinetic energy generated by the engine into mechanical energy through deceleration and transmission, and control the direction and magnitude of thrust by adjusting the rocket's attitude, thereby achieving attitude control of the rocket. This attitude control system design can ensure that the rocket maintains a stable attitude during the space mission, improving the success rate of the mission.
In conclusion, the RV reducer has important application value in the aerospace rocket field. In the launch process of Shenzhou-17, the RV reducer played a key role, including propulsion system, landing system, and attitude control system. Through reasonable design and application, the RV reducer can ensure the safe and stable operation of aerospace rockets during launch, return, and mission processes, making important contributions to the development of the aerospace industry.


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Abatecola Family History & Genealogy
Biographies & Family Trees
Find records of Abatecolas by their first name:
Most Common First Names
- Antonio 10.0%
- Philip 10.0%
- Guiseppa 5.0%
- Ann 5.0%
- Nancy 5.0%
- Rosa 5.0%
- Filippo 5.0%
- Guiseppe 5.0%
- Frank 5.0%
Abatecola Last Name History & Origin
Nationality & Ethnicity
These are the earliest records we have of the Abatecola family.
Abatecola Death Records & Life Expectancy
According to our database of 20 people with the last name Abatecola that have a birth and death date listed:
These are the longest-lived members of the Abatecola family on AncientFaces.
Leave a message to start a discussion about the Abatecola family with other AncientFaces Members.


Scottish Ghillie Brogues by Thistle Shoes
Shoemaker Thistle Scottish Brogues
The origins of Ghillie Brogues stretch back through Scottish history. A'Ghillie' was an indispensable assistant to a Highland chief – carrying hunting rifles or fishing rods. On occasion, he even carried his employer.
Ghillies walked and walked….through the bogs, rivers, bracken, and heather. They scaled the highlands or scrambled through the lowlands. If walking was hard on a man, it was worse for his footwear.
Ghillie Brogues were designed for the work of a Ghillie. A patterned network of fine holes punched in the shoe leather called 'brogueing' allowed any water to drain while walking. Originally, the laces were above the ankle so the shoes wouldn't get stuck in the mud. Thistle Shoes of Scotland makes Ghillie Brogues as they have always been made. Tough as nails – but with a heart of gold. Not unlike the people for whom they're named.
A footnote:
Why call the company "Thistle Shoes? In the Middle Ages, the Scots and the Norsemen were at war. King Haakon of Norway and his men landed at the Coast of Largs at night intent on surprising their Scottish foe. Removing their boots, they crept on bare feet towards the Scottish army. Then one of the attackers stepped on the sharp spines of a Scots thistle. The yell he made at this unwelcome assault on his feet alerted the Scots who drove the attackers from their shore.


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Si and Ge are widely used as analyzing crystals for x-rays. Drastic and accurate shaping of Si or Ge gives significant advance in the x-ray field, although covalently bonded Si or Ge crystals have long been believed to be not deformable to various shapes. Recently, we developed a deformation technique for obtaining strongly and accurately shaped Si or Ge wafers of high crystal quality, and the use of the deformed wafer made it possible to produce fine-focused x-rays. In the present study, we prepared a cylindrical Ge wafer with a radius of curvature of 50 mm, and acquired fluorescent x-rays simultaneously from four elements by combining the cylindrical Ge wafer with a position-sensitive detector. The energy resolution of the x-ray fluorescence spectrum was as good as that obtained using a flat single crystal, and its gain was over 100. The demonstration of the simultaneous acquisition of high-resolution x-ray fluorescence spectra indicated various possibilities of x-ray spectrometry, such as one-shot x-ray spectroscopy and highly efficient wave-dispersive x-ray spectrometers.
ASJC Scopus subject areas


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How children are manipulated and how they participate: Preschool teachers' and preschool teacher assistants' perspectives Sonja Rutar and Tina Štemberger
Summary: Study of the frequency and forms of participatory and non-participatory practice (manipulation) in preschools is key to learning about and becoming aware of the existing educational process. Lack of awareness of manipulation of children prevents their emancipation in the process of education. This paper addresses the occurrence of different degrees and forms of participation and non-participation in children's education. The research study included preschool teachers and preschool teacher assistants from Slovenian public preschools. The findings suggest that neither extreme non-participatory practice nor extreme participatory practice occurs frequently. Future research should focus more on participation by proxy, an intermediary stage between non-participatory practice and children's participation that is difficult to identify in practice.


text: This paper considers semi-analytical solutions for a class of generalised logistic partial dierential equations with both point and distributed delays. Both one and two-dimensional geometries are considered. The Galerkin method is used to approximate the governing equations by a system of ordinary dierential delay equations. This method involves assuming a spatial structure for the solution and averaging to obtain the ordinary dierential delay equation models. Semi-analytical results for the stability of the system are derived with the critical parameter value, at which a Hopf bifurcation occurs, found. The results show that diusion acts to stabilise the system, compared to equivalent nondiusive systems and that large delays, which represent feedback from the distant past, act to destabilize the system. Comparisons between semi-analytical and numerical solutions show excellent agreement for steady state and transient solutions, and for the parameter values at which the Hopf bifurcations occur.


})(e_1)=e_2, \\
(\sigma\circ F_{1,2})(e_0)=e_0,\quad & (\sigma\circ F_{1,2})(e_1)=e_2, \\
(\sigma\circ F_{2,2})(e_0)=e_0,\quad & (\sigma\circ F_{2,2})(e_1)=e_1.
\end{align} The map \(\partial\) extends uniquely to a group homomorphism \(\partial_p:C_p(U)\to C_{p-1}(U)\), called the singular boundary operator. We write \(\partial=\partial_p\) when the dimension \(p\) is clear.
Theorem 13. For any \(c\in C_p(U)\) we have \(\partial(\partial c)=0\).
We say that a singular \(p\)-chain is a cycle if \(\partial c=0\), and we say that \(c\) is a boundary if \(c=\partial b\) for some \(b\in C_{p+1}(U)\). Let \(Z_p(U)\) be the set of all singular \(p\)-cycles, and let \(B_p(U)\) be the set of all singular \(p\)-boundaries. Then \(Z_p(U)=\ker\partial_p\), and \(B_p(U)=\operatorname{im}\partial_{p-1}\). Since \(\partial_{p-1}\circ\partial_p=0\), we have \(B_p(U)\subseteq Z_p(U)\). The \(p\)th singular homology group of \(U\) is the quotient group $$
H_p(U)=Z_p(U)/B_p(U).
$$ The equivalence class in \(H_p(U)\) of a singular \(p\)-cycle \(c\) is called its homology class, and is denoted by \([c]\). If \([c]=[c']\), then we say that \(c\) and \(c'\) are homologous.
Since \(\triangle_1=[0,1]\), any singular 1-simplex \(\gamma\) is a path in \(U\). Conversely, any path \(\gamma:[a,b]\to U\) can be considered as a singular 1-simplex in \(U\) since we have the reparametrization \(\widehat{\gamma}:[0,1]\to U\) given by \(\widehat{\gamma}(t)=\gamma(a+t(b-a))\).
Lemma 14.
 1. If \(\gamma\) is a singular 1-simplex then \([-\gamma]=-[\gamma]\), where \(-\gamma\) is the singular 1-simplex defined by $$(-\gamma)(t)+\gamma(1-t).$$
 2. If \(\gamma_1,\gamma_2\) are singular 1-simplices with \(\gamma_1(1)=\gamma_2(0)\), then \([\gamma_1+\gamma_2]=[\gamma_1\cdot\gamma_2]\), where \(\gamma_1\cdot\gamma_2\) is the singular 1-simplex defined by $$
 \gamma(t)=\begin{cases}
 \gamma_1(2t), & 0\le t\le 1, \\
 \gamma_2(2t-1), & 1 < t \le 2. \end{cases}$$
 3. If \(\gamma,\eta\) are singular 1-simplices that are (path) homotopic, then \([\gamma]=[\eta]\).
Let us denote a singular 0-simplex \(\sigma\) with \(\sigma(0)=x\) by \(P(x)\). If \(c\) is a singular 1-simplex in \(U\) and \(\partial c=0\) then by definition we have \(P(c(1))-P(c(0))=0\), i.e. \(c\) is a closed path.
Theorem 15. Every 1-cycle \(c\in Z_1(U)\) can be written in the form $$
[c]=\sum_{i=1}^k c_i[\gamma_i],
$$ where each \(\gamma_i:\triangle_1\to U\) is a closed path.
Proof. Suppose not; then we can write $$
c=\partial b+\sum_{i=1}^k c_i\gamma_i+\sum_{i=1}^j \sigma_i \tag{*}
$$ where \(b\) is a singular 2-chain, \(c_i,c'_i\ne 0\) for all \(i\), each \(\gamma_i\) is a closed path, and each \(\sigma_i\) is a path that is not closed. We can assume that \((j,k)\) is the smallest pair for which \(c\) can be written in this form (where we take \((j,k) < (j',k')\) if \(j < j'\), or \(j=j'\) and \(k < k'\)), and that \(j\ge 1\). Then $$ 0=\partial c=\sum_{i=1}^j [P(\sigma_i(1))-P(\sigma_i(0))]. $$ Suppose \(P(\sigma_i(1))=P(\sigma_1(0))\) for some \(i\ne 1\); then \([\sigma_i]+[\sigma_1]=[\sigma_i\cdot\sigma_1]\), so we can reduce either \(j\) or \(k\) in (*). Similarly, if \(P(\sigma_i(0))=P(\sigma_1(0))\) for some \(i\ne 1\), then \([\sigma_i]+[\sigma_1]=[(-\sigma_i)\cdot\sigma_1]\) and we can reduce \(j\) or \(k\). Both of these cases contradict the minimality of \((j,k)\), so we must have \(P(\sigma_1(0))=P(\sigma_1(1))\) since the coefficient of \(P(\sigma_1(0))\) in the above sum is \(0\). This contradicts the fact that \(\sigma_i\) is not closed. \(\square\) Let \(\omega\) be a locally exact form on \(U\) and let \(c\in C_1(U)\) be a 1-chain in \(U\). Write \(c=\sum_{i=1}^k c_i\sigma_i\) where \(c_i\in\mathbb{Z}\) and each \(\sigma_i\) is a 1-simplex in \(U\). We define the integral of \(\omega\) over \(c\) by $$
\int_c \omega = \sum_{i=1}^k c_i \int_{\sigma_i} \omega.
$$
Lemma 16. Let \(\sigma:\triangle_2\to U\) be a 2-simplex. Then $$\int_{\partial\sigma} \omega=0$$ for every locally exact form \(\omega\) on \(U\).
Proof. It is clear that $$
\int_{\partial\sigma} \omega=\int_{\sigma\circ\gamma} \omega
$$ where \(\gamma:[a,b]\to\triangle_2\) is a path traversing the boundary of \(\


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Objective: To determine the prevalence of infant exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) among infants attending child health clinics in regional NSW; the association between such exposure and household smoking behaviours; and the factors associated with smoking restrictions in households with infants. Methods: Parents completed a computer-based questionnaire and infant urine samples were collected. Information was obtained regarding the smoking behaviours of household members and samples were analysed for cotinine. Results: Twenty seven per cent of infants had detectable levels of cotinine. Infant ETS exposure was significantly associated with the smoking status of household members, absence of complete smoking bans in smoking households and having more than one smoker in the home. Smoking households were significantly less likely to have a complete smoking ban in place. Conclusions: This study suggests that a significant proportion of the population group most vulnerable to ETS were exposed. Implications: Future efforts to reduce children's exposure to ETS need to target cessation by smoking parents, and smoking bans in households of infants where parents are smokers if desired reductions in childhood ETS-related illness are to be realised.
Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health Vol. 34, Issue 3, p. 269-273

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


xorp
TestVarRW Class Reference
Inheritance diagram for TestVarRW:
VarRW
List of all members.
Public Member Functions
const Elementread (const Id &id)
 Read a variable from a route [such as nexthop].
void write (const Id &id, const Element &elem)
 Write a variable to a route.
Private Types
typedef map< Id, const Element * > ELEM
Private Attributes
ELEM _elem
Member Function Documentation
const Element & TestVarRW::read ( const Id & id) [virtual]
Read a variable from a route [such as nexthop].
If the protocol doesn't support the requested variable, and exception should be thrown.
If the variable is not present in the current route, then an ElemNull should be returned [for example if ipv6 is requested on a v4 route].
VarRW is responsible for deleting the object read [it owns it]. However care must be taken not to delete objects that were obtained by write() even though we pass them to read() later.
Returns:
Element requested, or ElemNull of element is not available.
Parameters:
idThe variable that is being requested [such as metric].
Implements VarRW.
void TestVarRW::write ( const Id & id,
const Element e
) [virtual]
Write a variable to a route.
VarRW does not own Element, so it must not delete it.
Parameters:
idIdentifier of variable that must be written to.
eValue that must be written to the variable.
Implements VarRW.
The documentation for this class was generated from the following files:
 All Classes Namespaces Functions Variables Typedefs Enumerations


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An Ancient Industrial Secret
Through Moses, God commanded the Israelites to dye the tassels on the corners of their garments blue. The secret to making this blue dye appears to have been lost about 500 years after the birth of Christ.
The Hebrew description of the blue that the Israelites were to use on their garments refers to what we today call hyacinthine purple. Researchers searched for the original process for making the dye using clues from the Bible, the Talmud and ancient trade records. Ancient references to the dye go back at least 3,600 years. While the ancients knew how to make this dye, we moderns don't.
Once researchers identified the correct color, they began to search for its origin. The Talmud says that the dye must be made from the uncontaminated extract from a shellfish. Eventually scientists discovered a species of shellfish, the Murex, that produces the raw material for exactly the color described in the Bible. Their final challenge was to perfect the dyeing method, which one researcher called one of the great industrial secrets of the ancient world.
In our modern technological age, it's good to be reminded that we are not the only generation to develop sophisticated industrial secrets. This broader perspective helps us to understand claims that ancient man was not so primitive as some today might imagine.


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Pure Water San Diego
The next generation of San Diegans will see the long-term effect of changes to San Diego's water supply, so it especially important to educate local youth about water reuse. Community and school partnerships and youth-specific materials have helped us reach students of all ages. Also be sure to check out our activities (more coming soon!).
We have joined with groups throughout San Diego to educate youth about water purification. Partnership activities include developing lesson plans, giving tours and presentations and developing youth-oriented activities and events.
Videos and Presentations
The kids' versions of the facility video and the tour presentation are geared for 2nd-6th graders.


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IMBISA Bishops call on Leaders of the Member States of the Southern African Development Community, SADC, to respond to the Challenge of Migration caused by Economic Hardships and Conflicts in the Region
The Bishops of the Interregional Meeting of Bishops in Southern Africa, IMBISA, have written a letter to the leaders of the countries that make up the Southern African Development Community, SADC, to give more attention to the economic challenges and conflicts in the region. They note that many people in the region are migrating for economic reasons and going to neighbouring countries in search of survival while others are forced to leave their homes and countries by conflicts. Mention is given of the economic situation in Zimbabwe which has forced thousands of Zimbabweans to migrate to other countries as economic refugees. Another example is Mozambique where the conflict between the government and RENAMO forces has forced hundreds to flee their homes. The Bishops encourage the home countries of the refugees and the host nations to work together to find solutions. They point out that the protection of the lives of the refugees and their families is of paramount importance to the church. They appeal to the SADC leaders not to wait until the situation is out of hand, when foreign powers will come and act as policemen, which is so humiliating for Africa. IMBISA is an association of Catholic Bishops Conferences comprising Angola, Botswana, Lesotho, Mozambique, Namibia, Sao Tome e Principe, South Africa, Swaziland, Zimbabwe. Most of the economic refugees in these countries are attracted to go to Botswana and South Africa which are the regional big economies.


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Connect with the inner Goddess inside you using a crystal stone that eliminates the negative energies that surround you.
If you are in search of something that can ground you and balance the physical, emotional and intellectual aspects of your life, start using the Natural Orange Agate Yoni Egg. This yoni egg measures 2.28 x 1.73 inches and weighs around 147-160 grams.
The Orange Agate stone is known for its ability to bring calmness and strength to you. It works in its own pace, giving you the facilities to accept who you are as a person. It addresses the inner anger you might have and gives you the courage to let go and to carry on.
The Natural Orange Agate Yoni Egg has the power to stimulate healing in the different areas of our lives. It can address physical discomforts such as those affecting the reproductive and digestive systems. For women who might be having trouble conceiving, you can try using this Orange colored crystal stone. When the Natural Orange Agate Yoni Egg is inserted in the vagina, this helps in strengthening the vaginal muscles. As the blood circulation and stimulation improve, the more your orgasms will intensify.
As the Natural Orange Agate Yoni Egg is able to get rid of negative energies and channel positives ones instead, you will be able to heal from emotional afflictions that are affecting your life. When you have managed to bring balance to the different fragments of your life, your heart will be much more stable. In addition, the use of the Orange Agate Yoni Egg has the capability to harmonize the yin and the yang.
||2.28 x 1.73 in
|Healing Properties/ Health Benefits
||Stimulates healing, Improves blood circulation, Used in Kegel exercises - strengthen vaginal muscles, Helps with fertility, Helps intensify orgasms, Heals Reproductive and digestive systems, Strengthens lymphatic system, Eliminates and transform negative energies, Heals emotional distress, Offers emotional balance, Stabilizes the aura, Encourages clarity and purity of heart, Builds self-confidence, Improves concentration and perception


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Convert dekagram of water (dkg - dag) versus US fluid ounces of water (fl-oz)
in swapped opposite direction
from US fluid ounces of water to dekagrams of water
Or use utilized converter page with the
volume units converter
|conversion result for two |
water volume vs. weight units:
|From unit |
|Equals Result||To unit |
|1 dekagram of water dkg - dag||= 0.34||US fluid ounces of water fl-oz|
Prefix or symbol for dekagram of water is: dkg - dag
Prefix or symbol for US fluid ounce of water is: fl-oz
Technical units conversion tool for water volume vs. weight measures. Exchange reading in dekagrams of water unit dkg - dag into US fluid ounces of water unit fl-oz as in an equivalent measurement result (two different units but the same identical physical total value, which is also equal to their proportional parts when divided or multiplied).
How many US fluid ounces of water are contained in one dekagram of water? To link to this water volume vs. weight - dekagram of water to US fluid ounces of water units converter, only cut and paste the following code into your html.
The link will appear on your page as: on the web units converter from dekagram of water (dkg - dag) to US fluid ounces of water (fl-oz)


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Intelix DIGI-P51-BSTK Presentation Switcher/Scaler - 5 Input x 1 Output
Intelix DIGI-P51-BSTK Presentation Switcher/Scaler - 5 Input x 1 Output allows the integration of multiple analog and digital devices into a high-definition environment. Mounting options include wall, under table, or resting on a shelf.
The DIGI-P51 allows selection of five different sources, and will simultaneously scale the selected video to an HDMI output. The unit features three HDCP compliant HDMI inputs and two VGA inputs with discrete analog audio inputs for each input connection. The VGA inputs can be configured to support YPbPr (component video) and CV (composite video) video formats. There are seven fixed output resolutions to pick from, and several aspect ratio modes, which will ensure your content is displayed properly. The DIGI-P51 offers unique audio options designed to simplify your installation. All audio inputs are embedded into the HDMI stream, so you can use your display speakers for audio. Additionally, the line level output can be used for reinforcement. A balanced input is provided (line or microphone level) which is mixed with the source audio to provide voice lift capabilities; while the volumes of the mic and source can be individually controlled.
The DIGI-P51 can be controlled in many different ways. When the VGA inputs are defined as PC signal inputs, the DIGI-P51 can be configured to automatically switch to an input once connected to the switcher; once a device is removed, the DIGI-P51 will switch to the first active input with HDMI inputs taking priority. The front panel offers source selection, output resolution, and volume control. Third party control systems can utilize RS232 rear panel and rear panel IR control. CEC enabled source devices can be controlled from a CEC enabled display.


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Posted 1 year ago
Known as the most important Artifact ever to have arrived on New Zealand shores...the "Pompallier Madonna" was brought out here in the mid 1800's by a French Missionary.
Rumours persist that their was secret Vatican involvement after the original Byzantine Parchment was stolen from a local High School in Wellington NZ in the 1960's. There are also rumours that the next day it turned up in a secondhand shop window but as the original has never been found it is a true Unsolved Mystery!!
Given to the Pope Pius IX in 1846 as a Coronation Gift by The Sisters of the Campus Martius. He later gave it to Bishop Jean Baptiste Francois Pompallier in Rome in 1847 - to bring the ancient small painting to New Zealand to establish the Catholic Church in New Zealand. Pope Pius IX (_PHONE_) he proclaimed the dogmas of the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin in 1854 his pontificate was the longest in history. Henceforth the Virgin Icon representing his vision of the Catholicism. Interesting it wasn't Christ at the centre of the faith.
In 750AD, The Sisters of the Immaculate Conception took it from Byzantine to Rome during a time of iconoclastic persecution in the East.
Mine is a Lithograph Reproduction of the Original and the same size. It has golden gilt? on it. The original was in an oval frame as shown in the reproduction.
I hope one day to stumble upon the original if it is still in NZ.
I am unsure as to HOW MANY LITHOGRAPHS EXIST??? Would anybody know???
An interesting article on this Icon in NZ Newspaper - (i stole bits :-)
A REAL LIFE DA VINCI CODE - who can crack this?


text: The design of automated negotiators has been the focus of abundant research in recent years. However, due to difficulties involved in creating generalized agents that can negotiate in several domains and against human counterparts, many automated negotiators are domain specific and their behavior cannot be generalized for other domains. Some of these difficulties arise from the differences inherent within the domains, the need to understand and learn negotiators' diverse preferences concerning issues of the domain and the different strategies negotiators can undertake. In this paper we present a system that enables alleviation of the difficulties in the design process of general automated negotiators termed Genius, a General Environment for Negotiation with Intelligent multi-purpose Usage Simulation. With the constant introduction of new domains, e-commerce and other applications, which require automated negotiations, generic automated negotiators encompass many benefits and advantages over agents that are designed for a specific domain. Based on experiments conducted with automated agents designed by human subjects using Genius we provide both quantitative and qualitative results to illustrate its efficacy. Our results show the advantages and underlying benefits of using Genius for designing general automated negotiators.


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Congratulations to Liliana and Bruce Stevens who received this month's pick for the Brookwood HOA's Yard of the Month.
The Stevens moved to 408 Wayfare Lane just over a year ago from Colorado and say that they are still learning about gardening in Florida. "When we moved in," Liliana says, "there were some bushes and other plants and not much color. We wanted to create not only an attractive garden but also to incorporate some Florida native plants which can help provide natural habitats (many of which have been disappearing due to land developments) for birds and other pollinators."
The Stevens say that they also want to have a diversity of plants which hopefully will make their garden more naturally resistant to pests. In their garden you can find Florida natives such as Black eyed Susan, Lanceleaf Coreopsis, Blue eyed Grass, Coontie palms and Firebush in between Pentas and Bulbine.


Loci
Parameterized Knots
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by Lee Stemkoski (Adelphi University)
Polynomial Knots
A polynomial knot is the image of a function \( f : \mathbb{R} \rightarrow \mathbb{R}^3 \) with the following properties:
Polynomial knots are not knots in the standard sense (as defined in the introduction), as they are not closed. For this reason, polynomial knots are sometimes referred to as "open-ended knots", "long knots", or "non-compact knots" in the literature. A technique called "one-point compactification" may be applied to convert polynomial knots into standard knots. This process can be easily visualized in the case of plane curves using stereographic projection, as we illustrate below; the case of space curves is completely analogous (but more difficult to visualize).
Let \( \mathcal{P} \) denote the \( xy \)-plane in \( \mathbb{R}^3 \), that is, the plane \( z = 0 \). Let \( \mathcal{S} \) denote a sphere of radius 1 centered at (0,0,2). (We choose this point for the center of the sphere for ease of visualization; in practice, the sphere is usually centered at (0,0,0) for algebraic simplicity.) Let \( N \) denote the north pole of the sphere. We define a function \( F : \mathcal{P} \rightarrow \mathcal{S} - \{ N \} \) as follows: for any point \( A \) in the plane \( \mathcal{P} \), the line containing \( A \) and \( N \) intersects the sphere \( \mathcal{S} \) at a point \( B \neq N \); let \( F(A) = B \). The function \( F \) is a bijection, and is formally known as "inverse stereographic projection". This function is illustrated in the applets contained in Figures 5, 6, and 7.
In Figure 5, a line is drawn from the red point in the plane to the north pole of the sphere; the projection of this point onto the sphere is displayed in blue. The red point may be moved around the plane by clicking and dragging with the left mouse button; the projection of this point onto the sphere will be automatically adjusted.
Figure 5. Stereographic Projection of a Point
In Figure 6, a number of red points are drawn in the plane, arranged in a square, with one point in the center of the square. The projections of these points onto the sphere are drawn in blue. The red point in the center of the square may be moved around the plane by clicking and dragging with the left mouse button; the surrounding points and their projections onto the sphere will be automatically adjusted.
Figure 6, Stereographic Projection of a Square
In Figure 7, a set of red points satisfying the \( x \) and \( y \) equations of Shastri's trefoil polynomial knot are drawn in the plane, and the projections of these points onto the sphere are drawn in blue. If the mouse pointer is positioned over the applet, an animation will be displayed: the image will rotate in three dimensions, and the line connecting points in the plane to their projections onto the sphere will trace through the points on the planar graph. The rotation of the image can be stopped by clicking once within the applet area. The animation of the line can be stopped and restarted by double-clicking within the applet area. Figure 7 illustrates the following fact: as the distance between a point \( A \) on the plane and the origin of the plane increases, the distance between the projection of \( A \) onto the sphere and the north pole of the sphere decreases. As the curve extends infinitely far away from the origin in the plane, the corresponding parts of the projection of the curve approach the north pole of the sphere. The union of the projection of the curve onto the sphere together with the north pole of the sphere is a closed curve; this result is called the "one-point compactification" of the curve.
Figure 7. Stereographic Projection of a Knot
Polynomial knots were introduced by Shastri in [15]. The knot-type of a polynomial knot is defined to be the knot-type of the one-point compactification of the polynomial knot (which is a knot in the standard sense). Using Weierstrass' approximation theorem, Shastri proved that for every knot type, there is a polynomial knot equivalent to it (after the one-point compactification process). As mentioned in the introduction, the minimal degree sequence for a polynomial knot is an invariant of interest. These values also yield bounds of other knot invariants, such as crossing number, bridge number, and superbridge number [6]. There is a concrete algorithm for finding polynomial knots equivalent to any given knot-type, although the degrees of the polynomials produced by this algorithm might not be minimal [12]. However, for polynomial knots that are equivalent to torus knots (defined in the next section), minimal degree sequences have been determined [13].
In the figures that follow in "Gallery I," we include interactive three-dimensional graphics for five different polynomial knots. The polynomial knot equations were obtained from articles by Shastri [15] and Brown [5], with some coefficients scaled and/or slightly altered to produce visually appealing graphs. Polynomial knots are identified by their common name (when it exists) as well as by Alexander-Briggs notation \( C_N \), where \( C \) denotes the minimal crossing number in any projection of the knot, and \( N \) is an index number. A description of the basic applet controls are given in the previous section "Knot Software and LiveGraphics3D."
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I saw this in a lesson:
In this context, refers to islands, as in "Will you go to all of them [the islands]?" But, when I hear that my brain thinks refers to the subject, as in "Will all of you go?"
Could refer to both the subject and the object, depending on context? How would one translate, "Will all of you go to all of them?"?
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For the last one you can try this: "你们每一个都会去所有的岛屿吗？" (Will everyone of you visit all of the islands?) – 杨以轩 Dec 5 '13 at 8:27
4 Answers 4
Yes, 都 can refer to either subject or objects.
 1. When subject is plural, 都 refer to "all" of the subject.
 For example:
 你们都来嘛？Are all of you coming?
 同学们都交按时交了作业。 All of the students in the class handed in their homework in time.
 2. When subject is single, and object is plural, then 都 refers to "all" of the object.
 For example:
 你把糖果都吃了？ Did you eat all of the candy?
 这些衣服你都买吗 ？ Are you going to buy all of those clothes?
 那些岛屿你都会去吗？Will you (single) go to all of the islands?
 3. When both subject and object are plural, if only using 都, it is ambiguous as we don't know if it refers to the subject or object or both. So we either need to draw more info from the context, or if no context, we will have to ask the speaker to clarify on this.
 For example:
 那些岛屿你们都会去吗？Will (all of?)you (plural) go to (all of?) the islands?
 When we mean all of the subject AND all of the object, then we will have to use TWO words meaning "all" (所有/全部/都/全/全都) together.
 For example:
 你们都交了全部的作业嘛？ Did all of you guys hand in all the homework?
 你们都会去所有的那些岛屿吗？Will all of you (plural) go to all of the islands?
 But sometimes it is still ambiguous even we use TWO such words.
 For exmaple:
 In this sentence, 所有 refers to the islands for sure, no doubt about it. But 都 may refer to either object or subject. So we still need to ask the speaker to clarify on it.
 For this sentence, if there is no context, and we are not able to ask the speaker to clarify, then my intuition of interpreting this sentence is that both 所有 and 都 refer to islands.
Conclusion: The things 都 refers to are somehow impacted by the sentence structure.
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As mentioned previously, 都 simply means 'all', and what it really refers to purely depends on the context.
In this example sentence, the singular form of 'you' (你) is used, and 'all of you (singular)' does not make much sense. So it would not be usually understood this way. The interpretation that makes the most sense would be:
"Will you go to all?"
However, there is another interpretation: 都 can be understood as 'even' sometimes. So this sentence, without any context, can be also interpreted as
"Even you will go?"
Note that in speaking, the first and second interpretations can be distinguished by stressing on different syllables (on 都 for the first, and on 你 for the second), but there is no way to tell when it is written out if no context is provided.
I would not normally interpret this sentence as 'Will you also go'. The more common way to say the latter (at least in most parts of mainland China) is '你**会去吗?' However, my observation is that people from Hong Kong tend to use '都' when they really mean the Mandarin '也'(too, also), AND VICE VERSA. So, this sentence may be understood as 'Will you also go' in Hong Kong (correct me if I am wrong), but less likely in Mainland China.
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+1. Before reading the rest of the question, I instantly read, "你都会去吗？" as "Will even you be going?". – Janus Bahs Jacquet Dec 6 '13 at 14:39
From what i read from the text i would translate it as: "Will you also go?"
"Will all of you" I would translate as 你們都會
So "Will all of you go to all of them" 你們都會去全部嗎？
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So adding 你們 effectively changes the context of, so that a whole new grammar pattern needs to used when referring to objects? – Ken Oh Dec 4 '13 at 14:11
We distinguish thou and you in Chinese, so that it is not possible here for 都 to be you all, as you here is singular.
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Quartz crystaw microbawance wif dissipation monitoring
From Wikipedia, de free encycwopedia
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A qwartz crystaw microbawance wif dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) is a type of qwartz crystaw microbawance (QCM) based on de ring-down techniqwe. It is used in interfaciaw acoustic sensing. Its most common appwication is de determination of a fiwm dickness in a wiqwid environment (such as de dickness of an adsorbed protein wayer). It can be used to investigate furder properties of de sampwe, most notabwy de wayer's softness.
Ring-down as a medod to interrogate acoustic resonators was estabwished in 1954.[1] In de context of de QCM, it was described by Hirao et aw.[2] and Rodahw et aw.[3] The active component of a QCM is a din qwartz crystaw disk sandwiched between a pair of ewectrodes.[4] The appwication of an AC vowtage over de ewectrodes causes de crystaw to osciwwate at its acoustic resonance freqwency. When de AC vowtage is turned off, de osciwwation decays exponentiawwy ("rings down"). This decay is recorded and de resonance freqwency (f) and de energy dissipation factor (D) are extracted. D is defined as de woss of energy per osciwwation period divided by de totaw energy stored in de system. D is eqwaw to de resonance bandwidf divided by de resonance freqwency. Oder QCM instruments determine de bandwidf from de conductance spectra. Being a QCM, de QCM-D works in reaw-time, does not need wabewing, and is surface-sensitive. Current QCM-D eqwipment enabwes measuring of more dan 200 data points per second.
Changes in de resonance freqwency (Δf) are primariwy rewated to mass uptake or rewease at de sensor surface. When empwoyed as a mass sensor, de instrument has a sensitivity of about 0.5 ng/cm2 according to de manufacturer. Changes in de dissipation factor (ΔD) are primariwy rewated to de viscoewasticity (softness).[5] The softness, in turn, often is rewated to structuraw changes of de fiwm adhering at de sensor surface.
Mass sensor[edit]
When operated as a mass sensor, de QCM-D is often used to study mowecuwar adsorption/desorption and binding kinetics to various types of surfaces. In contrast to opticaw techniqwes such as surface pwasmon resonance (SPR) spectroscopy, ewwipsometry, or duaw powarisation interferometry, de QCM determines de mass of de adsorbed fiwm incwuding trapped sowvent. Comparison of de "acoustic dickness" as determined wif de QCM and de "opticaw dickness" as determined by any of de opticaw techniqwes derefore awwows to estimate de degree of swewwing of de fiwm in de ambient wiqwid.[6] The difference in dry and wet mass measured by QCM-D and MP-SPR is more significant in highwy hydrated wayers as can be seen in, uh-hah-hah-hah.[7][8][9]
Since de softness of de sampwe is affected by a warge variety of parameters, de QCM-D is usefuw for studying mowecuwar interactions wif surfaces as weww as interactions between mowecuwes. The QCM-D is commonwy used in de fiewds of biomateriaws, ceww adhesion, drug discovery, materiaws science, and biophysics. Oder typicaw appwications are characterizing viscoewastic fiwms, conformationaw changes of deposited macromowecuwes, buiwd-up of powyewectrowyte muwtiwayers, and degradation or corrosion of fiwms and coatings.
 1. ^ Sittew, Karw; Rouse, II, Prince E.; Baiwey, Emerson D. (1954). "Medod for Determining de Viscoewastic Properties of Diwute Powymer Sowutions at Audio-Freqwencies". Journaw of Appwied Physics. 25 (10): 1312–1320. Bibcode:1954JAP....25.1312S. doi:10.1063/_PHONE_.
 2. ^ Hirao, Masahiko; Ogi, Hirotsugu; Fukuoka, Hidekazu (1993). "Resonance Emat system for acoustoewastic stress measurement in sheet metaws". Review of Scientific Instruments. 64 (11): 3198–3205. Bibcode:1993RScI...64.3198H. doi:10.1063/_PHONE_. hdw:11094/3191.
 3. ^ Rodahw, Michaew; Kasemo, Bengt Herbert (1998-06-04) [May 1996]. "A simpwe setup to simuwtaneouswy measure de resonant freqwency and de absowute dissipation factor of a qwartz crystaw microbawance". Review of Scientific Instruments. 67 (9): 3238–3241. Bibcode:1996RScI...67.3238R. doi:10.1063/_PHONE_.
 4. ^ Johannsmann, Diedewm (2007). "Studies of Viscoewasticity wif de QCM". In Steinem, Cwaudia; Janshoff, Andreas (eds.). Piezoewectric Sensors. Springer Series on Chemicaw Sensors and Biosensors. 5. Berwin / Heidewberg: Springer-Verwag (pubwished 2006-09-08). pp. 49–109. doi:10.1007/5346_024. ISBN 978-3-540-36567-9. ISSN _PHONE_.
 5. ^ Johannsmann, Diedewm (2008). "Viscoewastic, mechanicaw, and diewectric measurements on compwex sampwes wif de qwartz crystaw microbawance". Physicaw Chemistry Chemicaw Physics. 10 (31): 4516–4534. Bibcode:2008PCCP...10.4516J. doi:10.1039/b803960g. PMID _PHONE_.
 6. ^ Pwunkett, Mark A.; Wang, Zhehui; Rutwand, Mark W.; Johannsmann, Diedewm (2003). "Adsorption of pNIPAM wayers on hydrophobic gowd surfaces, measured in situ by QCM and SPR". Langmuir. 19 (17): 6837–6844. doi:10.1021/wa034281a.
 7. ^ Vuoriwuoto, Maija; Orewma, Hannes; Johansson, Leena-Sisko; Zhu, Baowei; Poutanen, Mikko; Wawder, Andreas; Laine, Janne; Rojas, Orwando J. (10 December 2015). "Effect of Mowecuwar Architecture of PDMAEMA–POEGMA Random and Bwock Copowymers on Their Adsorption on Regenerated and Anionic Nanocewwuwoses and Evidence of Interfaciaw Water Expuwsion". The Journaw of Physicaw Chemistry B. 119 (49): 15275–15286. doi:10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b07628. PMID 26560798.
 8. ^ Mohan, Tamiwsewvan; Niegewheww, Katrin; Zarf, Cíntia Sawomão Pinto; Kargw, Rupert; Köstwer, Stefan; Ribitsch, Vowker; Heinze, Thomas; Spirk, Stefan; Stana-Kweinschek, Karin (10 November 2014). "Triggering Protein Adsorption on Taiwored Cationic Cewwuwose Surfaces". Biomacromowecuwes. 15 (11): 3931–3941. doi:10.1021/bm500997s. PMID 25233035.
 9. ^ Emiwsson, Gustav; Schoch, Rafaew L.; Feuz, Laurent; Höök, Fredrik; Lim, Roderick Y. H.; Dahwin, Andreas B. (15 Apriw 2015). "Strongwy Stretched Protein Resistant Powy(edywene gwycow) Brushes Prepared by Grafting-To". ACS Appwied Materiaws & Interfaces. 7 (14): 7505–7515. doi:10.1021/acsami.5b01590. PMID 25812004.


text:
Definition of national bank in English:
1 another term for central bank.
- In Serbia 1992 the national bank issued single bank notes of 500 billion Serbian dinars.
- Of course national banks cannot file for bankruptcy.
- A supporter of the Glorious Revolution, he was engaged during the Nine Years War in government finance and pressed upon the government the establishment of a national bank to help finance the war.
1.1(In the US) a commercial bank which is chartered under the federal government and is a member of the Federal Reserve System.
- All national banks and member banks of the Federal Reserve System are required to join.
- The second major feature of campaign finance regulation is bans on contributions by corporations, national banks, unions, Federal government contractors, and foreign nationals.
- Calling itself the Federal Reserve, so as to seem official, it replaced the national bank system.
Definition of national bank in:
- US English dictionary
What do you find interesting about this word or phrase?
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Marble gravitron
Challenge a friend to lift a marble or round lolly (or any spherical object) off a table touching it only with a glass. They'll never succeed of course. You however, are an intergalactic master of the centripetal force and laws of nature, so you achieve this piddly feat with ease. Stand back Earthlings!
Marble gravitron - tricks
1. This is very important: it only works with a glass that is narrower at the top like the one on the left in this picture. Wine glasses work best - the glass on the right in this picture won't work at all.
2. Trap a marble (or any spherical object) under the glass on a smooth surface.
3. Wiggle the glass and the marble will start rolling around inside really fast. Look carefully and you'll see it starts 'climbing the walls'.
Note: the marble is just a faint blur in this photo
4. When the marble is really hooting along, lift up the glass and the marble stays inside. With some glasses, you can keep the marble inside as long as you keep wiggling.
Note: you can just see the blur of the marble between my middle and ring fingers in this photo.
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What's going on?
This trick reminds me of that motorbike stunt inside a huge spherical cage. When the riders get up enough speed they can ride around sideways or even upside down.
The force that keeps these daredevils and your marble stuck to the glass is called the centripetal force and it results from the marble's circular path and the shape of the glass.
You experience the centripetal force pushing you 'sideways' inside a car every time you go around a corner. Inside a car, the physics is very intuitive: the faster you go or the sharper the corner, the greater the 'sideways' force. And you'd rather be sitting next to a little sister than a big uncle because the heavier an object, the greater the sideways force.
The reason you experience this force is because any object in motion tends to stay in motion in a straight line unless something gets in the way. Once moving, the marble wants to keep moving in a straight line but the curved walls of the glass make it change direction. As a result, the marble pushes against the glass. From the marble's perspective, your upside down glass has walls which bank up and outward, so it rises up. As long as you keep the marble racing, it keeps climbing the glass and stays put.
Tags: science-and-technology, physics, weird-and-wonderful
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Published 24 March 2008


text:
A groin, often at the end of a littoral cell or at the updrift side of an inlet, intended to prevent sediment passage into the channel beyond. As with other shoreline structures there are often unintended consequences, primarily downdrift erosion on adjacent beaches. Terminal groins are typically used as part of a beach fill program to help contain the placed sand and reduce erosional loss.
The State of North Carolina recently passed legislation that would allow the use of terminal groins despite the state's long standing ban on hardened shoreline structures. See more discussion on the history of this issue and the legislation here.


text:
To provide for maximum flexibility in adding software modules, your module is dynamically loaded as a shared object at run time. The list of loadable objects (modules) is maintained in a system configuration database file called OWconfig.
By default, Calibrator Tool reads OWconfig from the /usr/openwin/server/etc directory. If it does not find the OWconfig file or the modules in it that it is looking for, it reads the OWconfig file from /etc/openwin/server/etc.
This chapter explains how to create, insert, and remove OWconfig file entries for calibration modules. The chapter also describes how the server uses the information in OWconfig entries to locate a dynamically loadable module.
OWconfig is a database for various dynamically loadable objects. It not only can contain entries for calibration but also can include entries for other extensions and X Window System modules. The guidelines in this chapter pertain specifically to modules that interact with Calibrator Tool.


text:
The Ministry of Transport and Highways has decided to enforce the law against drivers who drive less than the minimum speed on the highway. (Sri Lanka Latest News)
It is with the revelation that most of the accidents reported on the expressway are caused by drivers who drive at a low speed instead of the prescribed speed.
Accordingly, the Road Development Authority has been instructed to introduce a minimum speed between 60 and 70 kilometres per hour while maintaining the current maximum speed of 100 kilometres per hour.
Accordingly, fines are also to be issued to drivers who travel at a low speed in such a way that accidents may occur.
The Director General of that authority L.V.S. Weerakoon mentions that the minimum speed limit will be introduced before the end of this month.


text:
Financial inclusion in the Middle East and North Africa and its Effect on Unemployment
The purpose of this study is to investigate empirically the relationship between financial inclusion and unemployment for a sample of countries within the MENA. An index for financial inclusion, using Sarma (2008), has been estimated for Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco and Tunisia during the period 2008-2018. The estimated index for financial inclusion reveals that, despite some progress, there is a need to foster financial inclusion in the region. Based on this index, the impact of financial inclusion on unemployment has been tested. The estimation of a random effect model testing the relationship between financial inclusion and unemployment shows a negative effect of financial inclusion on unemployment for the selected sample of countries.
Financial Inclusion: A New Multi-dimensional Index and Determinants – Evidence from the Union for the Mediterranean Countries
This paper proposes a new multi-dimensional financial inclusion index based on a two-stage Principal Components Analysis (PCA) and aggregating indicators of availability, access and use. The paper first assesses the cross-country variations in the index and analyses trends over time for a sample of countries members of the Union for the Mediterranean (UfM) from 2010-18. Second, it investigates factors that could explain the level of financial inclusion across countries.
Our financial inclusion index shows a downward trend for the full sample over the period under investigation, however when splitting the sample by income group, it appears that high and middle income countries did not register the same trend. When examining the determinants of financial inclusion for UfM countries, we find that macroeconomic, social and governance factors, as well as banking conditions, matter.
A COVID-19 Severity Index
On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organisation (WHO) qualified the Covid-19 virus, which originated in China in December 2019, as a pandemic, since on that date it had circulated across all continents and to the vast majority of countries worldwide.
Since January 2020, some countries have experienced a favourable trend (concomitantly recording a slowdown in new infections, a continuous increase in recoveries and a decrease in deaths linked to the disease), whilst others are still struggling to control the propagation of the virus and its negative consequences on the lives of the sick.
It seemed necessary to us, therefore, to build a synthetic index, which summarises the respective performances of countries in their strategy for fighting the virus. This index will make it possible at any time, to instantly estimate the severity of the pandemic in different countries. The index is calculated on a weekly frequency for 169 countries.
As of 10 May 2020, the average score for the countries in the sample is 0.74, corresponding to a globally moderate severity. Europe has an average score of 0.77 and has seen a significant decrease in severity in recent weeks. For Africa, the scores are between 0.99 and 0.30, with an average of 0.70. In America, scores range from a low of 0.34 to 0.98, with an average of 0.69, the highest level of severity in the world. Asia averages a score of 0.74. Oceania performs the best, with an average score of 0.98.


Data Store Object
Overview
Data stores connect Appian to external relational databases in order to store and retrieve application data. This page covers how to create data stores, run DDL scripts, and retrieve external data in your application.
Data stores allow you to insert, update, query, and delete data in the format needed by your applications without writing structured queries (SQL). You must have a business data source configured to use this feature.
Custom data types are used by your processes to store data in an external relational database. The relationships between these custom data types are used to create tables and keys in the database that are associated with through the data store.
Once you define a custom data type and map it to a data store entity, you can update data in the database using the Write to Data Store Entity Smart Service. You can also use a!queryEntity() to retrieve information through the data store, without knowing the underlying table schemas of the database or SQL.
/datastore lifecycle
Create
To create a data store, complete the following:
 1. In the Build view, click NEW > Data Store.
 2. Configure the following properties:
 Property Description
 Name Enter a name that follows the recommended naming standard.
 Description Enter a brief description.
 Data Source Select a source from the available list. The sources in the list correspond to any relational databases configured for your environment.
 3. Click CREATE.
 4. Configure security for your data store.
 5. Click SAVE. The data store will open in a new browser tab.
Once you've created the data store, you need to map your custom data types to the external database by adding entities to the data store.
To add an entity to the data store:
 1. Click Add Entity. An entity dialog displays.
 2. In the first box of the dialog, enter a name for the new entity.
 3. In the second box of the dialog, browse to and select a custom data type from the list of available CDTs.
 4. Click Save.
Once you've added at least one entity, you can publish the data store.
To publish the data store:
 1. Click Verify to validate that the necessary data structures have been created in the database, and that the database is available.
 - When the tables needed for your entity do not already exist (expected) the following message is displayed: No matching tables found!
 - If the letter casing for the schema in Oracle is different than the schema attribute of the @Table annotation of the XSD (which is lowercase by default), the entity will not be able to map to the table. If you encounter this issue, you can create a synonym in the Appian user schema that points to the tables in the other schema. Please note that the synonym will need to have the same name as the table or view that it points to.
 - Select Create tables automatically to have the system execute the SQL commands needed to configure your data store entity - OR - select Create tables manually if you want or need to have the necessary SQL commands executed using a process that you perform outside the system.
 See below: Running DDL Scripts
 - If you selected Create tables automatically and want Appian to always execute DDL statements, check the Automatically Update Database Schema checkbox on the data store's page. If automatic schema updates are enabled both globally in the Admin Console and locally on the data store, Appian automatically attempts to fix any discrepancies between your database schema and data store definition by adding, but never removing or altering, tables and columns to the database to match entity definitions.
 - When automatic schema updates are enabled:
 - Columns and tables missing from the database, but present in the data type, are created.
 - Columns and tables missing from the data type, but present in the database, remain untouched.
 - Columns that are incorrectly configured to map to a data type field are not altered, so verification of the data store requires manual changes to the database. An example that requires manual changes is altering a database column of type text so that it maps to a data type field of type integer. Additionally, fields renamed from the Data Type Designer are considered entirely new, not renamed, and a column is added if not present on the database.
 - If automatic schema updates are disabled, Appian does not address any discrepancies between your database schema and data store definition. This means:
 - Tables missing from the database are not automatically created.
 - Columns missing from tables are not added.
 - When automatic schema updates are enabled, new columns and tables are automatically added to the data store's schema in the following scenarios:
 - The data store is imported into an environment for the first time.
 - Changes to the data store are imported.
 - A designer updates a data type used by the data store (precedent data type).
 - WARNING: Existing column definitions are not updated. For example, Appian will not make changes to a column's type or length.
 - For automatic schema updates to be considered "enabled," it must be enabled both globally in the Admin Console and locally on the data store
 - If the database is not available or you want to avoid updating the database immediately, click Save Draft.
 2. Click Save and Publish.
Running DDL Scripts
When creating or editing a data store entity, the system checks your RDBMS to see if the necessary data structures already exist.
When the data structures in your database do not match, you are given the option to create tables manually with a link to download the SQL needed to generate the necessary structure.
To create tables manually, complete the following:
 1. After selecting Create tables manually, click Download DDL Script.
 - The browser's File Download dialog displays, listing the DDL script file for download.
 - The script file is named using the following convention: <DATA_STORE_NAME> DDL.sql
 2. Optionally, you can edit the file name to use your own version numbering scheme for your DDL scripts, such as: <DATA_STORE_NAME> DDL_<MONTH_DAY_YEAR>_<VERSION_NUMBER>.sql.
 3. Save the file to your local machine.
 4. Review the script or have it reviewed by your database administrator (DBA) to ensure that it meets your organization's requirements.
 5. If the script does not meet your requirements, you can modify your custom data type to better suit your needs by completing the following:
 - Edit the custom data type that was used by the entity that you were creating or updating.
 - Edit the Data Store entity to use the new custom data type. You can skip this step if you updated all outdated dependents when editing the data type.
 - Verify the Data Store again to generate a new DDL script.
 6. If the script meets your organization's requirements, run the DDL script to create the necessary tables for your data store entity.
 7. Click Verify Again.
 - When the database tables are properly defined, the message Entity mappings verified displays.
 - If the database tables are not properly defined, use the commented commands in the DDL script to drop and recreate the tables.
Edit
All data store attributes can be edited by users with Editor or Administrator permissions. The following list details how to edit each attribute:
 - Click on the name or description to edit them in place.
 - Update the data source by selecting one from the list of available data sources.
 - Check the Automatically update database schema checkbox to allow Appian to execute DDL SQL statements when dependent data types are updated or when this data store is imported. Changes to this attribute do not take effect in the environment if the auto-update feature has been disabled from the Admin Console.
 - Click an entity to modify its name or its data type.
 - Click Add Entity to configure a new data store entity.
After making any of the above edits, you may either save a draft or publish a new version of the data store. To save a draft, click Save Draft. Saving a draft does not affect the environment or execute SQL DDL statements, but you may come back to the data store at any time to view and publish the changes. To publish a new version of the data store, follow these steps:
 1. Click Verify to validate your data store edits.
 - When the tables needed for your entity must be modified (expected) the following message is displayed: No matching tables found!
 2. Select Create tables automatically to have the system execute the SQL commands needed to configure your data store entity - OR - Select Create tables manually if you want or need to have the necessary SQL commands executed using a process that you perform outside the system. See Running DDL Scripts for additional details.
 3. Click Save & Publish.
See also: Editing a Custom Data Type
Delete
Take care when deleting a data store not to disrupt any active processes that query or write to the data store.
 1. Go to an application that contains the data store.
 2. Select it in the grid and then click the Delete button in the grid toolbar.
System administrators have the ability to delete data stores (and other objects) in bulk by selecting them and clicking Delete in the toolbar.
A user must have at least Viewer permissions to a data store in order to use its entities to query, write, or delete data.
The security role map of a data store controls which users can see or modify it and its properties. By default, only the data store creator and system administrators have access to the data store. See Editing Object Security to modify a data store's security.
The following table outlines the actions that can be completed


OSJOY
How To Fix The Garbled Code On Notepad Files?
How To Fix The Garbled Code On Notepad Files
5
(22)
Summary: Usually, we will record some information in a notepad, such as passwords, keys, ideas, notes, etc. But sometimes, when we open it after a while, we find many garbled characters inside. What should we do? This article will show how to fix the garbled code on notepad files.
When working extensively with Plain Text files with the TXT file extension, individuals may encounter documents with garbled text instead of the expected content. This issue often occurs when the corrupted text document is written in a non-Latin alphabet-based foreign language. Still, it can happen with any file if there are inconsistencies in the settings used during the file's saving process.
To solve the garbled code on notepad files, you must first understand the cause of the problem. The primary reason is the wrong document format. Generally, there are several reasons for garbled characters:
Methods to Fix the Garbled Code on Notepad Files
Method 1: Convert the File Extension
First, let's solve the problem caused by the file format disorder. Just change the file extension back to the original format. For example, if your file is originally a word file, you can change its file extension to .doc or .docx. If it is a web page file, change it to .html, etc. Then open these files with the appropriate program.
Method 2: Change the Encoding Option
Mismatched encoding formats for text files can also lead to garbled code. In such case, you need to change the encoding form as follows:
 1. Open the garbled file with Notepad and select Save>Save As.
 2. Choose ANSI or UTF-8 as encoding format and click Save.
Method 3: Change the System Locale
When opening various text documents with Notepad results in gibberish, it's typically a system issue. The problem could be that the encoding used for the file is not compatible with the native character encoding used by the version of Windows you have.
So if the previous method doesn't work, we can change the default system language in Windows.
 1. Search control panel in the search bar and open it.
 2. Click on Change date, time or number formats under Clock and Region.
 3. Select the Administrative tab and click on Change system locale option.
 4. In the next window, choose the language you need from the drop-down menu and click OK.
 5. Close Control Panel and restart your computer to make the changes effective.
Method 4: Use Restore Previous Version
You will also get a Notepad garbled codes issue when a Notepad file gets corrupted. Several common reasons can cause Notepad file corruption or damage, such as file header corruption, improper system shutdown, virus attacks, and incomplete download and compression issues.
Many Windows users enable Windows backup tools such as file history to protect data security and regularly back up their files. If this is the case for you, here are some steps you can take when the above two methods fail:
 1. Go to the location where the Notepad file is stored.
 2. Right-click on the corrupted file and select Previous Version from the context menu.
 3. Choose the correct previous version and click on Restore.
 4. Now, open the Notepad file to see if the problem is fixed.
Method 5: Use Microsoft Word to Repair Notepad Files
 1. Open the Word app, then click File and select Options.
 2. Shift to the Advanced tab and navigate to the General section.
 3. Check Confirm file format conversion on open and click OK to save changes.
 4. Click File and select Open.
 5. When the Open window appears, hit the Browse button.
 6. Choose All Files and select Recover Text from Any File (*.*).
 7. Select the corrupted notepad file from the list and click Open.
 8. Now, you can check whether this method helps to repair the text file.
Method 6: Open Notepad Files in the Browser
The simplest and most effective way to view the original file is by opening it with a web browser. Web browsers are designed to translate data between encoding schemes. You can use either Microsoft Edge or Google Chrome to open the text file, and it will display the language correctly.
Conclusion
The garbled code of the Notepad file is not a big problem. When you encounter garbled code on Notepad files, the six recommended methods in this article should solve the problem in no time. If you have any other valuable methods or suggestions, welcome to leave a comment below.

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text:
Estonian Museum Association
Muuseumi tee 2, Tartu, tel _PHONE_
Hiiumaa Museum was established during the reign of Kassari Manor located in the isle of Kassari, the fifth biggest island in Estonia with the size of 19 km2. After the construction of the Long House in 1998 it became the place for the permanent exposition of Hiiumaa with such hits as "The Last Wolf of Hiiumaa", the prism of Tahkuna lighthouse, a lifeboat from motor ship "Estonia" and other items concerning the ethnography, cultural history and nature of Hiiumaa.
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text:
Observation well WSA Unity was constructed in 1967 to a depth of 26.72 metres into an unconfined intertill sand and gravel deposit. Based on the topography it is anticipated the groundwater flow in the aquifer will be toward the Dempster Brook and Killsquaw Lakes area.
The well does not show any obvious seasonal trends and annual water level changes are typically 0.20 metres or less. The hydrograph's minimum water level of about 656.2 metres occurred when monitoring began in 1967, followed by increases of the water levels. From 1974 until 2008 water levels fluctuated between 656.5 and 657 metres, but since 2008 they have been increasing. An unusually large water level increase in 2012 led a record high peak water level of almost 658 metres in 2013.
Water from WSA Unity is of the calcium/magnesium-bicarbonate type and has a sum of ions concentration of approximately 944 mg/L.
|Location ||SE01-28-40-21 W3


text:
This interesting name has two possible origins, the first of which is Anglo-Saxon, and forms either a metonymic occupational surname for a grower or seller of pears, or a topographical name for someone who lived by a conspicuous pear tree or by a pear orchard. In this instance the name derives from the Old English pre 7th Century 'pere, peru', pear, itself derived from the Latin 'pirum', and which became 'pe(e)re' in Middle English. The second possible source for the modern surname, found as Pear, Peare, Pere, Peer and Peear, is from the Medieval English 'nickname' surname for a companion, peer, a'match', derived from the Middle English 'pere', developed from the Old French 'per, peer', a peer, paragon, from the Latin 'par', equal.The marriage of one John Peare and Agnes Ashe was recorded at St. Botolph's, Bishopsgate, London, on February 25th 1592. The first recorded spelling of the family name is shown to be that of Osbert Pere, which was dated 1230, The Berkshire Pipe Rolls, during the reign of King Henry 111, 'The Frenchman', _PHONE_. Surnames became necessary when governments introduced personal taxation. In England this was known as Poll Tax. Throughout the centuries, surnames in every country have continued to "develop" often leading to astonishing variants of the original spelling.
© Copyright: Name Origin Research 1980 - 2017


Examples & Recipes
How to Track Pageviews in a React-Redux app
The following example shows how you can use Redux Beacon to track page views in an React app that uses Redux for state management, and React Router for navigation.
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import { LOCATION_CHANGE } from 'react-router-redux';
2
import { createMiddleware } from 'redux-beacon';
3
import GoogleAnalytics, { trackPageView } from '@redux-beacon/google-analytics';
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const eventsMap = {
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[LOCATION_CHANGE]: trackPageView(action => ({
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page: action.payload.pathname,
8
})),
9
};
10
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const gaMiddleware = createMiddleware(eventsMap, GoogleAnalytics());
Copied!
 - Click here for instructions on how to apply the middleware to your store.
 - Click here for a runnable example.
How to Track Pageviews in an Angular-ngrx app
The following example shows how you can use Redux Beacon to track page views in an Angular app that uses ngrx/store for state management.
1
import { ROUTER_NAVIGATION } from '@ngrx/router-store';
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import { createMetaReducer, EventsMap } from 'redux-beacon';
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import GoogleAnalytics, { trackPageView } from '@redux-beacon/google-analytics';
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const eventsMap: EventsMap = {
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[ROUTER_NAVIGATION]: trackPageView(action => ({
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page: action.payload.routerState.url,
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})),
9
};
10
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const gaMetaReducer = createMetaReducer(eventsMap, GoogleAnalytics());
Copied!
 - Click here for instructions on how to apply the meta reducer to your store.
 - Click here for a runnable example.
How to Send Analytics to Multiple Targets
There is no limit to the number of middlewares or meta reducers you can create and use. So, to send analytics to multiple targets, create a middleware or a meta reducer for each target:
1
import { createMiddleware } from 'redux-beacon';
2
import Amplitude from '@redux-beacon/amplitude';
3
import GoogleAnalytics from '@redux-beacon/google-analytics';
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import { amplitudeEvents, gaEvents } from './my-event-definitions';
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const amplitudeMiddleware = createMiddleware(amplitudeEvents, Amplitude());
8
const gaMiddleware = createMiddleware(gaEvents, GoogleAnalytics());
9
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// Apply both middlewares to the store
Copied!
Likewise, for createMetaReducer:
1
import { createMetaReducer } from 'redux-beacon';
2
import Amplitude from '@redux-beacon/amplitude';
3
import GoogleAnalytics from '@redux-beacon/google-analytics';
4
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import { amplitudeEvents, gaEvents } from './my-event-definitions';
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const amplitudeMetaReducer = createMetaReducer(amplitudeEvents, Amplitude());
8
const gaMetaReducer = createMetaReducer(gaEvents, GoogleAnalytics());
9
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// Add both meta reducers to the store
Copied!
How to Create Your Own Target
Both createMiddleware and createMetaReducer require a target as their second parameter. A target is a function that Redux Beacon calls with an array of generated analytics events. What a target does with the array of generated events is up to the target's author, although the assumption is that the target will send those events to an external analytics service.
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function myCustomTarget(events) {
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// - do something with the events.
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// - an event is usually an Object ({}), but doesn't have to be.
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// - an event should be serializable.
5
// - events are what's returned from event definitions that you pair to action types.
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}
Copied!
Most targets leverage an existing JavaScript sdk from an analytics service (e.g. Google Analytics), but some might post their own server requests.
1
// import an sdk, or install it as a global module
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function myCustomTarget(events) {
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events.forEach(event => {
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switch (event.type) {
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case 'some_event_type_you_define':
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window.mySDK.someMethod(event.paramA, event.paramB);
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break;
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case 'some_other_event_type':
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window.mySDK.someOtherMethod(event.paramA);
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break;
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case 'yet_another_event_type':
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fetch('_URL_ {
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method: 'POST',
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body: JSON.stringify(event.data),
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headers: new Headers({
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'Content-Type': 'application/json',
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}),
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});
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break;
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default:
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break;
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}
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});
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}
Copied!
If your target relies on an SDK attached to window, it is good practice to first check that window exists to avoid issues during server side rendering.
If you decide to publish your target, please let us know so we can link to it in our docs.


text:
Okay, so I'm having some trouble with this topic. If a question asks you to show that a set is a subspace (or not a subspace), do you show the following:
The set is not empty
The set is closed under vector addition, i.e.
The set is closed under scalar multiplication, i.e.
1) Show that the set
is not a subspace of
Would I do the following:
Therefore, it does not contain the vector, hence not a subspace in


%n insert a newline character
 %t insert a tab character
 %% insert a '%' character
 %+ insert a '+' character
 All other characters are currently unused, but may be used in the
 future. They currently insert the character following the %.
 The following multi-character formats also exist:
 Extended formats
 %<A=NUM> These returns the NUMth value of the %A, %a, and %v formats
 %<a=NUM> respectively. In English, that would yield:
 %<v=NUM> %<A=2> => Tuesday
 %<a=2> => Tue
 %<v=2> => T
 NUM must be in the range 1-7.
 %<B=NUM> These return the NUMth value of the %B and %b formats
 %<b=NUM> respectively. In English, that would yield:
 %<B=2> => February
 %<b=2> => Feb
 NUM must be in the range 1-12 (or 01-12).
 %<p=NUM> These return the NUMth value of the %p format. In
 English, that would yield:
 %<p=1> => AM
 %<p=2> => PM
 NUM must be in the range 1-2.
 %<E=NUM> These return the NUMth value of the %E format. In
 English, that would yield:
 %<E=1> => 1st
 %<E=53> => 53rd
 NUM must be in the range 1-53.
If a lone percent is the final character in a format, it is ignored.
The formats used in this routine were originally based on date.pl (version 3.2) by Terry McGonigal, as well as a couple taken from different versions of the Solaris date(1) command. Also, several have been added which are unique to Date::Manip.
NOTE 1:
The ls format (%l) applies to date within the past OR future 6 months! Any date that is before the date NOW - 6 months, or that is on or after the date NOW + 6 months will have the year printed out.
The later time must be on or after so that there is no ambiguity. If it is now 2000-06-06-12:00:00, then the date 1999-12-06-12:00:00 will be written as "Dec 6 12:00" but the date 2000-12-06-12:00:00 will be written as "Dec 6 2000".
NOTE 2:
The %U, %W, %L, %G, and %J formats are used to support the ISO-8601 format: YYYY-wWW-D. In this format, a date is written as a year, the week of the year, and the day of the week. Technically, the week may be considered to start on any day of the week, but Sunday and Monday are the both common choices, so both are supported.
The %W and %G formats return the week-of-year and the year treating weeks as starting on Monday.
The %U and %L formats return the week-of-year and the year treating weeks as starting on Sunday.
Most of the time, the %L and %G formats returns the same value as the %Y format, but there is a problem with days occurring in the first or last week of the year.
The ISO-8601 representation of Jan 1, 1993 written in the YYYY-wWW-D format is actually 1992-W53-5. In other words, Jan 1 is treated as being in the last week of the preceding year. Depending on the year, days in the first week of a year may belong to the previous year, and days in the final week of a year may belong to the next year. The week is assigned to the year which has most of the days. For example, if the week starts on Sunday, then the last week of 2003 is 2003-12-28 to 2004-01-03. This week is assigned to 2003 since 4 of the days in it are in 2003 and only 3 of them are in 2004. The first week of 2004 starts on 2004-01-04.
The %U and %W formats return a week-of-year number from 01 to 53. %L and %G return the corresponding year, and to get this type of information, you should always use the (%W,%G) combination or (%U,%L) combination. %Y should not be used as it will yield incorrect results.
%J returns the full ISO-8601 format (%G-W%W-%w).
NOTE 3:
The %s and %o formats return negative values if the date is before the start of the epoch. Other Unix utilities would return an error, or a zero, so if you are going to use Date::Manip in conjunction with these, be sure to check for a negative value.
NOTE 4:
The %z format returns the offset in the RFC 822 specified format +0500 . Most offsets are full hour amounts, so this is not a problem, but some offsets are irregular (+05:17:30). In this case, the string returned is +051730 which isn't RFC 822 compliant, but since RFC 822 ignores this situation, I had to decide between returning an incorrect value, or breaking strict compliance, and I chose the second option.
KNOWN BUGS ^
None known.
BUGS AND QUESTIONS ^
Please refer to the Date::Manip::Problems documentation for information on submitting bug reports or questions to the author.
SEE ALSO ^
Date::Manip - main module documentation
LICENSE ^
This script is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.
AUTHOR ^
Sullivan Beck (_EMAIL_)
syntax highlighting:


The Science Behind Gymnastics
Ranked #97 in Gymnastics
Behind every jump, spin, and flip of Olympic gymnastics, science is at work. Centrifugal force is at work in a midair spin, and center of gravity is involved in balance beam routines. Newton s Third Law of Motion springs into action as a gymnast flies into the air in the vaulting event. Find out how science is involved in all your favorite gymnastics events and how gymnasts take science into account as they chase the gold medal." less
Similar Books
If you like The Science Behind Gymnastics, check out these similar top-rated books:
Learn: What makes Shortform summaries the best in the world?


text:
By controlling/varying exercise tempo you can manipulate both muscular time under tension and muscular tension to your advantage. In a nut-shell, the higher these two values, the greater the muscle stress and the greater your gains in performance and body composition are likely to be.
- Slowing tempo on the eccentric (lowering) and isometric phases (top/bottom) of each movement will serve to increase the muscle time under tension.
- Performing the eccentric phase (lowering) of each movement at a slower tempo will require more muscular tension to control the movement rather than letting gravity take you down.
- Pausing at the top/bottom of movements will help eliminate stored elastic energy from your connective tissues meaning your muscles must produce more force to return to the starting position.
- Accelerating through the upwards phase of each movement (concentric phase) will require greater muscular tension as you move quickly against gravity.
There is no perfect exercise tempo we should all be following but a good place to start is with the following formula:
- Perform the lowering phase of each exercise slowly and smoothly to increase time under tension
- Briefly pause at the mid-point of each movement to eliminate elastic energy from your connective tissues
- Accelerate through the upwards phase of each movement to maximize muscular tension and force output


"A people without the knowledge of their past history, origin and culture is like a tree without roots." - Marcus Garvey
Back to
my roots clothing
Back to My Roots Clothing was established in April 2013. Back to my Roots Clothing is designed for men, women and children who desire to embrace their origin, history,and culture through fashion and accessories. Not everyone feels a connection with their cultural heritage, but many people do. What is it about cultural heritage that draws these people to it? Some may think traditions are archaic and no longer relevant, and that they are unnecessary during these modern times. Perhaps for some, they aren't; but for others, exploring cultural heritage offers a robust variety of benefits.
Culture can give people a connection to certain social values, beliefs, religions and customs. It allows them to identify with others of similar mindsets and backgrounds. Cultural heritage can provide an automatic sense of unity and belonging within a group and allows us to better understand previous generations and the history of where we come from. Here at Back to My Roots, we cherish the aspect of culture that inspires: love, unity and community.
Back to My Roots Clothing
4321 SE 33rd St. suite 403
Del City OK 73115
(Del City Storage)
Tuesday-Thursday 12pm-6pm
Friday 12pm-4pm
Saturday 12pm-6pm
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Is there a way to show the complete internal structure of an R object in an unambiguous and human readable way?
The str function doesn't exactly do this, as it shows custom representations. For example, applying it to an igraph object gives something like
IGRAPH U--- 3 3 -- Full graph
+ attr: name (g/c), loops (g/x)
+ edges:
[1] 1--2 1--3 2--3
This is nice and readable, but it's specific to igraph objects (it's clear that it uses a custom formatting for them). I'm looking for something general. I found dput, and for a while I thought that this provides complete information. The same igraph object is shown as
structure(list(3, FALSE, c(1, 2, 2), c(0, 0, 1), c(0, 1, 2),
 c(0, 1, 2), c(0, 0, 1, 3), c(0, 2, 3, 3), list(c(1, 0, 1),
 structure(list(name = "Full graph", loops = FALSE),.Names = c("name",
 "loops")), list(), list())), class = "igraph")
But then I read about pairlists in the R Language Definition and I noticed that dput(pairlist(1,2)) gives list(1,2). The information that we started with a pairlist is gone.
So is there something similar to dput that shows the internal structure of an R object and gives complete information about it? (The main reason I want this is that it would help me understand the structure of R objects better.)
If there isn't, how would I query an R object to get enough information about it (in a human readable way---not machine readable) to be able to reconstruct it completely?
share|improve this question
How about.Internal(inspect(foo))? – Joshua Ulrich May 3 '13 at 20:16
I think dput is what you want and the pairlist exception is just that - an exception. As far as I understand you're not supposed to use pairlist's, so the issue of dput'ing it is a bit moot. – eddi May 3 '13 at 20:18
Thanks for the reply _USER_, why don't you put that as an answer? – Szabolcs May 3 '13 at 20:31
I read in your dput output in and str-ed it. I got the standard output for a list with an extra class. I guess you're getting something different because igraphs come from some package. I wonder if there's something like base::str (which doesn't exist) that you can use here. – Frank May 3 '13 at 20:45
add comment
2 Answers
up vote 8 down vote accepted
I don't have much more to add besides my comment, so this is just for completeness for future generations :)
dput is doing what you want. With rare exceptions, one of them being pairlist (I assume there might be other exceptions as well, but I don't actually know what they are), it will not be exactly the same object, but, at least in the case of pairlist there is a reason for that. Since pairlist is not supposed to be used outside of internal code, the output of dput can be considered to be doing the user a favor by converting an internal object into the equivalent external one.
share|improve this answer
There are more exceptions. Environments are dput'ed simply as "", even if they have attributes. Closures lose srcref attributes, the enclosing environment and the bytecode (if present). – Ferdinand.kraft May 4 '13 at 1:33
add comment
dput is a somewhat disappointing solution, as the result is very messy. (It is, however, better than what I was doing before.)
I'd suggest (1) dput, (2) make a copy, (3) assign the base class to the result (as seen in the dput) and (4) str it.
In this case:
> x<-dput(my_graph)
> class(x)<-"list"
> str(x)
List of 9
 $ : num 3
 $ : logi FALSE
 $ : num [1:3] 1 2 2
 $ : num [1:3] 0 0 1
 $ : num [1:3] 0 1 2
 $ : num [1:3] 0 1 2
 $ : num [1:4] 0 0 1 3
 $ : num [1:4] 0 2 3 3
 $ :List of 4
 ..$ : num [1:3] 1 0 1
 ..$ :List of 2
 ....$ name : chr "Full graph"
 ....$ loops: logi FALSE
 ..$ : list()
 ..$ : list()
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I haven't used dput before, so I don't know how general this approach is. This is basically the same solution _USER_ gave, but with some new steps. I learned a lot from his answer and the comments above. What I've written here was just too long to be a comment on his answer, which is already good enough. I hope someone comes along with a more satisfying answer, though. (I starred the question.).Internal(inspect()) (which _USER_ Ulrich mentioned) might be the next best thing, but I'm not yet programmer enough to read that output at a glance. – Frank May 4 '13 at 2:37
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