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An attempt to make the Silverlight DataGrid similar to Excel
, 9 Jan 2010 CPOL
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Business users love them some Excel. Using similar navigation and features helps with buy-in for your applications.
Introduction
For many simple editing operations, giving the users only a grid and allowing them to edit in place is a good solution. Users who are used to Excel (and in fact, demand similar functionality) will be able to instantly discover how your app works if it behaves somewhat similar to Excel.
Background
For the purposes of this article, I'll define "Excel like behavior" as a simple, easily discoverable navigation between grid cells, and not as formulas, the ability to add charts, etc. We're just looking for the ability of users to be able to perform CRUD operations simply without having to read an instruction document or call anybody.
The default navigation of a Silverlight DataGrid is as follows: Edit mode is entered when you double click on a cell or hit F2 in a cell - users will probably never discover the F2 part and be annoyed that typing doesn't work.
Default Excel navigation is as follows: Edit mode is entered when you double click or type in a cell.
In other words, Excel users expect to type in a cell and have it receive the text, and they are not going to reach for the mouse unless they have spilled and/or exploded something on the keyboard.
As an extra bonus and as our last fallback when debating with users, we will also provide reasonable copy and paste functionality so that users can paste in an arbitrary number of rows containing either all columns (we will ignore read only ones for pasting into the grid) or just the writeable ones. That way, users will be able to easily get data out of our grids just the way they do in Excel, and also get data in easily without going through any wizards or extra steps they aren't used to.
And if all else fails, the users can copy data out of our grid, edit it to their heart's content in their favorite editor, then copy from there and paste it back into the Silverlight DataGrid.
Copy and paste
Let's first take care of the fallback plan: copy and paste. Excel will understand copy and pasted data if rows are separated by newlines and columns are separated by tabs. That doesn't seem very difficult to accomplish, but we have two problems to deal with in the DataGrid first:
 - DataGrids do not have grid data and bound data, they only have bound data.
 - So it is somewhat difficult to ask for the content in Row 1, Column 3 unless you happen to know that you bound property X to column 3 in your grid. What we are looking for here is a more general solution that will work with most grids without having to know the underlying binding details.
 Fortunately, that can be achieved with the following, assuming there is a TextBlock in the cell and you already have a reference to the item that is bound for that row:
 (column.GetCellContent(item) as TextBlock).Text
 To get a reference to your bound objects, you can use dataGrid.SelectedItems.
 Depending on how complex your display data is, though, you may have a more complicated structure in your grid. The following should handle most cases and be understandable enough to modify if you have something really crazy in your grid:
 private static TextBlock GetCellTextBlock(object item, DataGridColumn column)
 {
 var cellData = (column.GetCellContent(item) as TextBlock);
 if (cellData == null)
 {
 //for our custom columns
 var gridData = (column.GetCellContent(item) as Panel);
 if (gridData != null)
 {
 cellData = (gridData.Children.Where(x => x.GetType() ==
 typeof(TextBlock)).FirstOrDefault() as TextBlock);
 }
 }
 return cellData;
 }
 - The second problem we must deal with is that DataGrids do not render content until it is actually visible.
 - This makes sense from a performance point of view, so it isn't rendering the parts of the grid you can't even see. But it does cause some difficulties if you want to access data in the order it is displayed in the grid. One way to solve this would be to use Reflection. Another way to solve it would be to manually scroll the grid into view as you copy the data! One of those is much simpler than the other, and isn't terribly visible to the user until the end where the grid has scrolled to the end of the data. If that bothers you, you can always scroll back to the beginning selection, but for now, I am leaving that as is. But the command to scroll the current cell into view is quite simple:
 dataGrid.ScrollIntoView(item, column);
Once we have solved those two problems, it is fairly simple to handle the copy and paste by joining or splitting the data with the tab and newline delimiters. See the attached source for more details there.
If you look at the source, you will notice that when the data is copied out, the headers are added (so the users know which columns they have, important when there are lots of columns) and that the user can paste in an arbitrary amount of data, even when there are read-only columns. Here is a video to see this in action without downloading the source: _URL_
Now, how about making the edit behavior work like in Excel?
The one-liner, kinda-works way
private void dataGrid_CurrentCellChanged(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
 dataGrid.BeginEdit();
}
Using this, as soon as a cell gets focus, it goes into edit mode. This means that the user can type directly into a cell, and up/down arrow keys work, but left and right arrows will arrow through the cells until they get to the end and then go to the next cell. So, if the user is OK with that or is used to tabbing instead of using the arrow keys, stop, you are done. At any rate, this solution is better than the default if you expect the user to be doing lots of inline editing and aren't worried about accidentally changing data.
The complicated, multi-liner, actually works way
If we trap the KeyUp event on the grid and can detect if we have just entered edit mode, then we can just manually set the text of the textbox to the first key that was hit and move the cursor to the end of that text. Easy, right?
Not really. As far as I can tell, there isn't a way to know if a grid is in edit mode or not, so I'm using the tag property of the object itself to store that, and only do that if a key has been pressed, it isn't a navigation key, and the column isn't read only:
//don't start editing for nav keys so a left arrow, etc. doesn't put text in a box
if (dataGrid.Tag == null && !IsNavigationKey(e) && !dataGrid.CurrentColumn.IsReadOnly)
{
 bool isShifty = ((Keyboard.Modifiers & ModifierKeys.Shift) == ModifierKeys.Shift);
 string letter = ((char)e.PlatformKeyCode).ToString();
 letter = (isShifty ? letter.ToUpper() : letter.ToLower());
 dataGrid.Tag = letter;
 //beginedit will fire the focus event
 //if we try to access the textbox here its text will not be set
 dataGrid.BeginEdit();
}
OK, that's a little kludgey, but now, we can just set the text, right? No, the textbox isn't initialized yet in the KeyDown or KeyUp event, so we have to trap the GotFocus event and use that same Tag property to know what to put in it:
private void dataGrid_GotFocus(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
 if (dataGrid.Tag != null)
 {
 var box = CopyPasteSupport.GetCellItem<TextBox>(
 dataGrid.SelectedItem, dataGrid.CurrentColumn);
 if (box != null)
 {
 box.Text = dataGrid.Tag.ToString();
 box.SelectionStart = 1; //move editing cursor to end of text
 }
 }
}
And then, reset of our kludgey state mechanism on the CellEditEnded event:
void dataGrid_CellEditEnded(object sender, DataGridCellEditEndedEventArgs e)
{
 dataGrid.Tag = null;
}
Now the user can just start typing in a cell and it doesn't lose the first key press while entering edit mode. The users will, in all likelihood, never


text:
The Role of Cold and Carbonic Maceration in Wine Production
Cold maceration is skin contact before the beginning of the fermentation process. Some winemakers allow the skins to remain in contact with the must after fermentation is finished. This is known as extended maceration.
Carbonic maceration allows grapes to ferment without intentionally breaking the skins. Must is the mixture of solids and grape juice before fermentation begins. Up to a quarter of the must is skins and other debris, known as pumice. The amount of contact with these solids is one of the major ways a winemaker can craft the wine.
> Related Articles

source: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu


:
Note that due to the fact that:
so we have:
Therefore is positive definite.
The submatrix M33 is positive definite if the separation task is independent to the augmented Jacobian obtained by stacking obstacle avoidance and reach goal tasks.
The sufficient conditions of the theorem follow from the following fact.
In the formula:
(21)
directly we have:;
and (see Lemma):
where: -the largest singular value of the matrix, -the largest singular value of the matrix.
So V1 can be underestimated as:
It is convenient to rewrite the relation above to the matrix formalism:
where the matrix is defined as:
(22)
Order to is positive definite then is positive definite, which means that that, having the scalar diagonal elements positive, is always positive definite according to Sylvester theorem:
(23)
(24)
(25)
From (7): according to Cauchy- Schwarz theorem: therefore, equal sign occurs if and only if Jo and Jg are
two vectors to linear dependence, if and only if Jo and Jg are two linearly independent vectors. In other words, (24) correct then the first equation of (19) is also true. Similarly, if and only if Jog and Js are two linearly independent vectors, it is means (25) correct then the second equation of (19) is also true.
The theorem has been proved.
4. Simulation
In this section, we will give some simulation results for illustrating the analytical results. For each simulation, the search space is set [500, 500]. The initial positions for the robots, obstacles, goal are randomly generated. For the NSB search in this paper, N robots are used to search a single goal.
Figure 2(a) and Figure 2(b) shows the paths taken by the individual robots to converge at the goal using method of Null Space based Behavior control when the gains lo is always negative definite and lg is always positive definite. It's sure that the control algorithm following three goal tacks is:
1) Firtly: to avoid obstacles,
2) Secondly: to move to the goal,
3) Thirdly: to maintain swarm.
When lo is positive definite or lg are negative definite, apparently through Figure 2(c)) we can observer that a few robots unavoidable obstacle or swarm not converged at the goal (Figure 2(d)).
(a) (b) (c) (d)
Figure 2. Simulation results the process of moving of the swarm robots to the goal. (a) N = 21, lo = −1.5, lg = 0.05; (b) N = 41, lo = −0.5, lg = 0.05; (c) N = 21, lo = 0.5, lg = 0.05; (d) N = 13, lo = −1.5, lg = −0.05.
Simulation results have confirmed the correctness of the algorithm and stable conditions of the implementation process of the mission objectives.
5. Conclusion
This paper proposed a control solution to the swarm robot by constituting the method of NSB control and built the control law, simultaneously proved the convergence of algorithm based on Lyapunov theory. Simulation results show that: the swarm robots avoided obstacles and found the goal after moving in a determined time. The results of this paper show that applying of NSB to solve collective search problem in the obstacle environment is very practical and efficient. In the future, we are going to consider the swarm robots operate in an environment with more rugged terrain, can be utilized for hazardous tasks such as landmine detection, fire fighting, military surveillance.
Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
References
[1] Gazi, V. and Passino, K.M. (2002) Stability Analysis of Swarms. Proceedings of the American Control Conference Anchorage, 8-10 May 2002, _PHONE_.
_URL_
[2] Chen, X.-B., Pan, F.C., Li, L. and Fang, H. (2006) Practical Stability Analysis for Swarm Systems. IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, 3904-3909.
[3] Wang, L.S. and Fang, H.J. (2010) Stability Analysis of Practical Anisotropic Swarms. IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, 768-772.
[4] Smith, L.L., Venayagamoorth, G.K. and Holloway, P.G. (2012) Obstacle Avoidance in Collective Robotic Search Using Particle Swarm Optimization. IEEE Swarm Intelligence Symposium.
[5] Bento, L.C., Pires, G. and Nunes, U. (2002) A Behavior Based Fuzzy Control Architecture for Path Tracking and Obstacle Avoidance. Proceedings of the 5th Portuguese Conference on Automatic Control, Aveiro, 341-346.
[6] Antonelli, G. (2009) Stability Analysis for Prioritized Closed-Loop Inverse Kinematic Algorithms for Redundant Robotic Systems. IEEE Transactions on Robotics, 25, 985-994.
_URL_
[7] Lan, L.H., Nga, L.T.T. and Lan, L.H. (2013) Aggregation Stability of Multiple Agents with Fuzzy Attraction and Repulsion Forces. MMAR, 81-85.
Copyright © 2023 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc.
Creative Commons License
This work and the related PDF file are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.


Skip to definition.
Noun: carbon disulfide 'kaa(r)-bun dI'súl,fId
 1. A toxic colourless flammable liquid (CS2); used in the manufacture of rayon and cellophane and carbon tetrachloride and as a solvent for rubber
Type of: chemical compound, compound
Encyclopedia: Carbon disulfide


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 Museum Explorer
Daily life in
Ancient Egypt
Loaf of bread
Height: 15.500 cm
Width: 17.500 cm (max.)
EA 40942
Loaf of bread
From: Deir el-Bahari, Thebes
Date: around 1500 BC
Bread was a main food of ancient Egypt. Dozens of different shapes and names are known for loaves of bread, which shows how important it was. This loaf is flat and triangular, but some loaves were round, others tall and cone-shaped.
Much Egyptian bread was made from wheat. Growing grain was one of the main farming activities in Egypt, and is shown in pictures on tomb walls. This loaf was perhaps placed in a tomb to feed the dead person on their journey through the Underworld. In the model granary in the picture below, you can see a woman kneading bread in the courtyard.


I am making a recommendation system (kind of) and I have to recommend the item a user is most likely to buy in his next purchase. Doesn't matter if he already bought this item.
Given this, I'm treating this problem as a multiclass-classification problem with 4000 categories (number of different items users can buy).
Searching in Wikipedia I found this link and decided to use the One vs -rest method. So I decided to train one random forest for each item using as covariates flags if the user bought each item before (so I have around 4000 covariates). Then I will decide a rule to decide the recommended item (something like the one which has the largest probability to be bought or the largest lift.)
My problem is that it's taking too long to train (5 to 10 min per item):
> 5*4000
[1] 20000
> 20000/60
[1] _PHONE_
> _PHONE_/24
[1] 13.88889
So in the best case it would take 2 weeks to train.
I would like to know if the method i'm using is right, and if there's another faster method to achieve this.
You might have more luck with a Naive Bayes Classifier. It can handle a large number of target classes, and is relatively fast to train, since you largely just calculate a bunch of univariate stats to plug into at prediction time. It won't capture fancy interactions as much as a random forest though, so if you are concerned about "they only buy shoelaces if they bought shoes but NOT shoeshine" vs "they often buy shoelaces if they've bought shoes" then it may disappoint. You may also want to incorporate a time component, but I'm not sure what you're doing.
_URL_ may also be relevant.
 - $\begingroup$ I managed to reduce the number of variables using some simple rules and I could train all random forests. Like you said, naive bayes was less accurate but was faster to train. Thanks for your answer! $\endgroup$ – Daniel Falbel Jul 28 '16 at 14:49
Your Answer


What is the location of the center of gravity on the CN tower?
Tourist Attractions
By Kristy Tolley
What is the CN tower?
The CN Tower is an iconic communication tower and a prominent landmark located in Toronto, Canada. It stands at a height of 553.33 meters and was the tallest freestanding structure in the world until 2007. The tower is not only a popular tourist attraction but also serves as a transmitter for radio and television signals, radar, and other forms of communication.
What is the center of gravity?
The center of gravity is the point where the entire weight of an object is considered to be concentrated. It is the point at which an object can be balanced in any orientation without tipping over. The center of gravity is a crucial factor in determining the stability of an object or structure. In the case of tall structures like the CN Tower, the location of the center of gravity is a critical design consideration that affects the tower's stability and safety.
Factors affecting the center of gravity
Several factors affect the location of the center of gravity of an object or structure. The shape and size of the object, the distribution of the weight, and the density of the materials used are some of the primary factors that influence the center of gravity. In the case of the CN Tower, the massive concrete base that supports the tower's weight, the steel framework that provides its structural integrity, and the various equipment and machinery housed within the tower all affect the location of the center of gravity.
How is the center of gravity calculated?
The center of gravity of an object or structure can be calculated mathematically by finding the weighted average of all the points of the object's mass distributed over its volume. The location of the center of gravity is usually expressed in terms of coordinates in three-dimensional space. For complex structures like the CN Tower, computer simulations and modeling are used to estimate the location of the center of gravity accurately.
Location of the center of gravity on the CN tower
The center of gravity of the CN Tower is located approximately 152 meters above the ground level, just below the main observation deck. This location is crucial to the tower's stability, as it determines how the tower responds to external forces like wind and earthquakes. The tower's shape and mass distribution also play a significant role in determining the location of the center of gravity.
Design features affecting the center of gravity
The design features of the CN Tower also affect the location of the center of gravity. The massive concrete foundation and steel framework of the tower are designed to distribute the tower's weight evenly and maintain stability. The tower's tapered shape also helps to reduce wind resistance and minimize the effects of wind loads on the tower.
How does the CN tower maintain stability?
Several measures are taken to maintain the CN Tower's stability. The tower's height and shape are designed to reduce wind resistance and minimize the effects of wind loads on the tower. The tower's massive concrete foundation and steel framework provide the necessary structural support to withstand external forces. The tower is also equipped with a tuned mass damper, a massive weight that moves in response to wind-induced vibrations, reducing the tower's motion and maintaining stability.
Importance of the center of gravity for tall structures
The location of the center of gravity is a critical design consideration for tall structures like the CN Tower. A high center of gravity can make a structure more susceptible to wind and earthquake loads, reducing its stability and safety. The center of gravity also determines the tower's response to external forces and affects the tower's overall stability and safety.
Comparison with other tall structures
The center of gravity of the CN Tower is relatively high compared to other tall structures like the Burj Khalifa and the Taipei 101. The Burj Khalifa, the tallest building in the world, has a center of gravity located at approximately one-fifth of its height from the base, while the Taipei 101 has a center of gravity located at approximately one-third of its height from the base.
Center of gravity in relation to wind loads
The center of gravity of tall structures like the CN Tower is critical in determining the tower's response to wind loads. A high center of gravity can make the tower more susceptible to wind-induced vibrations, which can cause structural damage and compromise the tower's safety. The CN Tower's location of the center of gravity, combined with its shape, provides sufficient stability to withstand wind loads and maintain safety.
Conclusion: Significance of the center of gravity on the CN tower
The location of the center of gravity is a critical design consideration for tall structures like the CN Tower. The tower's center of gravity is located approximately 152 meters above the ground level and is crucial to the tower's stability and safety. The tower's shape, mass distribution, and massive concrete foundation and steel framework provide the necessary support to maintain the tower's stability, along with other measures like a tuned mass damper. The center of gravity plays a crucial role in determining the tower's response to external forces, emphasizing its significance for tall structures.
References and further reading
 1. "CN Tower: Design and Construction." The Canadian Encyclopedia, _URL_ Accessed 15 Sept. 2021.
 2. "Centre of Gravity." Physics Classroom, _URL_ Accessed 15 Sept. 2021.
 3. "The CN Tower." Ontario Heritage Trust, . Accessed 15 Sept. 2021.
Photo of author
Kristy Tolley
Kristy Tolley, an accomplished editor at TravelAsker, boasts a rich background in travel content creation. Before TravelAsker, she led editorial efforts at Red Ventures Puerto Rico, shaping content for Platea English. Kristy's extensive two-decade career spans writing and editing travel topics, from destinations to road trips. Her passion for travel and storytelling inspire readers to embark on their own journeys.
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text:
Do you know there's a Stickies app that comes pre-installed on the Mac? If this is the first time you have heard about it, then you are certainly not alone. Every Mac has Stickies app that is hidden inside the Launchpad's Others folder. The app allows users to create sticky notes that can be placed on the desktop. These sticky notes make it easier for users to remind themselves of pending tasks and useful information.
What makes Stickies app even cooler is that it comes with a built-in macOS keyboard shortcut, which makes it possible for users to select any text and then automatically create a sticky note for it.
To create a sticky note of highlighted text all you have to do is press Command + Shift + Y keys from the keyboard. Once you do the macOS will launch the Stickies app, create a new sticky note and automatically paste the selected text on it.
For example, when you are browsing the Internet on the web browser of your choice and you come across useful tip, address or a phone number and you want to create a sticky note out of it. You just highlight it using the cursor and then press Command + Shift + Y keys, and a sticky note will be created.
The note is placed on the desktop where it will remind you about the highlighted text whenever you look at it. To get rid of the note you can click on the close button.

source: openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb


text:
'Jealous' Hermaphrodite Shrimp Murder Their Rivals
Yellowmargin Moray Eel (Gymnothorax flavimarginatus) with a White Banded Cleaner Shrimp (Lysmata amboinensis)
CREDIT: James A Dawson | Shutterstock
Like creepy stalkers, cleaner shrimp won't share their partner with anyone else. When placed in groups of more than two, the creatures attack in the dark of night, killing off the competition.
"We enlarged the group size to triplets and quartets, and we observed the molting cycle and the interactions between individuals,'' study researcher Janine Wong, of the University of Basel in Switzerland, told LiveScience."In this species, the shrimp usually live in pairs. We were wondering, because monogamy is quite susceptible to cheating, if these individuals would stay in monogamous pairs."
Sperm or egg?
Cleaner shrimp (Lysmata amboinensis) pairs make their living picking parasites from fish. They stake out their cleaning stations and wait for fish to stop by their storefront. Each shrimp is a hermaphrodite, meaning it can reproduce as both a male and a female, though it can't fertilize its own eggs.
In times of high competition for a mate, each shrimp makes fewer eggs and more sperm, since the eggs are more cost-intensive to produce and one individual's sperm can fertilize many eggs. The goal is to pass on one's genes, and in this case, sperm will do the trick. When two shrimp pair up in a monogamous relationship, however, they shift to making more eggs and less sperm, since there isn't competition for who is going to fertilize whom. [Top 10 Monogamous Animals]
This type of social monogamy is only found in shrimp with cleaning behavior, Wong said, possibly because these cleaner shrimp stick to their territory instead of going around and searching for food.
Wong and her colleague Nico Michiels, at the University of Tuebingen in Germany, placed two, three or four cleaner shrimp together in a group (repeated 10 times for each condition). By the time 42 days had passed, every tank was down to two shrimp.
The shrimp are only vulnerable to attack right after they have molted, when their outer skins made of chitin are thin. To avoid predators, they molt during the night. Though the shrimp weren't aggressive during the day, at night they ganged up on any freshly molted tank-mates.
"During daytime, there were no aggressive interactions observable, they were just sitting next to each other or ignoring each other. You couldn't predict from their behavior during the daytime who would be the next victim," Wong said. "The individual that died had just molted a few hours before. Because the carapace [shell] didn't harden yet, they were very vulnerable and easy targets."
These shrimp, regardless of whether they are paired up, usually molt every two weeks. In high-competition environments, with three or four shrimp per tank, they molt less frequently. Wong's team noticed that after murdering their extra tank mates, the killer shrimp would return to their regular molting schedule.
In the threesomes, the victim was usually the smallest in the tank, but in the quartet, the same trend wasn't obvious. It wasn't always the first shrimp to molt that was done in, either. The researchers aren't sure yet why certain shrimp lived while others were killed.
This tank is an artificial environment compared with the wild, where the shrimp could just swim away when threatened. Researchers aren't sure how these L. amboinensis act in the wild, but they are very territorial. It's more likely that a "third wheel" type would be chased away from the mating pair's cleaning station, and the murderous rage would be much lower.
The study was published Thursday (Nov. 10) in the journal Frontiers of Zoology.
MORE FROM LiveScience.com


Child Dependency
General Statute 7B-101 (9) defines a dependent child as and juvenile needing assistance or placement because the child has no parent, guardian, or custodian responsible for his or her care or supervision, or the child's parent, guardian, or custodian is not able to provide for the child's care or supervision due to physical or mental incapacity and the absence of an appropriate alternative child-care arrangement.


text:
Thailand is a country with a rich cultural heritage and a long history of traditional medicine. Among the various medicinal plants used in Thai traditional medicine, cannabis holds a special place. For centuries, cannabis has been utilized in various forms for its therapeutic properties, cultural significance, and religious rituals. In this article, we will explore the traditional cannabis use in Thailand, shedding light on its historical background, traditional practices, and the current state of cannabis in the country.
Table of Contents
- Historical Significance of Cannabis in Thailand
- Cultural and Religious Use of Cannabis
- The Legalization of Medical Cannabis in Thailand
- Traditional Cannabis Practices Today
- Benefits and Potential Risks of Traditional Cannabis Use
- Cannabis Tourism in Thailand
- Major Seller Of Cannabis
Cannabis has a deeply rooted history in Thai culture, with a legacy of medicinal, cultural, and religious significance. Known as "Rak Ya" in Thai traditional medicine, cannabis has been used for centuries as a natural remedy for various ailments. Beyond its medicinal applications, the plant has been part of cultural festivals and ceremonies, bestowing spiritual blessings upon the participants. With the recent legalization of medical cannabis in Thailand, traditional practices are merging with modern opportunities, giving rise to ventures like "Bangkok Weed Delivery."
Historical Significance of Cannabis in Thailand
For centuries, Thai traditional medicine has harnessed the therapeutic properties of cannabis to treat pain, inflammation, and digestive disorders. Herbalists and healers crafted teas and poultices using cannabis leaves, flowers, and roots, recognizing its analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and sedative qualities. The ancient wisdom of Rak Ya continues to resonate with local communities, preserving their knowledge for generations.
Cultural and Religious Use of Cannabis
Cannabis held a sacred place in Thai culture, particularly during traditional festivals like Songkran, the Thai New Year. Revered as a sacred herb, it was believed to bring good fortune and blessings. As modernization unfolded, the cultural and religious significance of cannabis gradually diminished, but its historical impact remains deeply ingrained in Thai society.
The Legalization of Medical Cannabis in Thailand
In recent years, Thailand made strides towards legalizing medical cannabis to unlock its therapeutic potential. The government passed legislation in 2018, permitting the use of cannabis for medical purposes. This step opened doors for research, development, and the production of medical cannabis products to assist patients with qualifying conditions.
Traditional Cannabis Practices Today
Despite the strides towards medical legalization, traditional cannabis practices endure in rural pockets of Thailand. Local communities honor their heritage by continuing to integrate cannabis into their healing practices. Essential figures like "Mor-morb" or "Ruesi," traditional healers, play a crucial role in preserving these ancient practices.
Benefits and Potential Risks of Traditional Cannabis Use
The traditional use of cannabis offers potential benefits, providing relief for various conditions. However, like any substance, it must be used responsibly. Potential risks include dependency, impaired cognitive function, and potential interactions with other medications. It is vital to seek guidance from healthcare professionals before incorporating traditional cannabis practices into one's wellness routine.
Cannabis Tourism in Thailand
As Thailand embraces a changing legal landscape, cannabis tourism has gained traction. The country's rich cultural heritage and traditional cannabis practices attract visitors from around the world. Cannabis-themed tours, wellness retreats, and educational experiences provide tourists with an authentic insight into the history and cultural significance of cannabis in Thailand.
Introducing "Bangkok Weed Delivery"
Bangkok Weed Delivery is the leading source for premium-quality cannabis products delivered straight to your doorstep in Thailand. With a commitment to excellence, they curate a fine selection of top-grade cannabis products that meet the highest standards.
Quality is their utmost priority, and their cannabis is sourced from organic cultivation, utilizing high-quality seeds imported from the US. Bangkok Weed Delivery adheres to sustainable growing practices, ensuring that their products are free from harmful chemicals or pesticides.
Convenience is key, as they offer discreet home delivery services throughout Thailand. Peruse their range of premium cannabis products and have them delivered to your preferred location with ease. Whether seeking relaxation, pain relief, or a premium cannabis experience, Bangkok Weed Delivery is your go-to source.
Discover the Premium Cannabis: Bangkok Weed Delivery
The legacy of traditional cannabis use in Thailand continues to shape the country's culture and society. As the nation embraces medical cannabis legalization, it is essential to understand and respect the historical context, cultural significance, and potential benefits and risks associated with traditional cannabis practices. Bangkok Weed Delivery exemplifies the merging of ancient traditions with modern opportunities, contributing to Thailand's evolving cannabis culture. Experience the difference and convenience offered by Bangkok Weed Delivery and explore the best cannabis products the region has to offer.

source: m-a-p/FineFineWeb


text:
THE CLAN ANDERSON
An Oak Tree
Mac Ghille Aindrais
Origin of Name:
Son of Andrew
The Anderson tartan is referenced in a book, The Tartans of the Clans and Septs of Scotland, published by W & AK Johnston, 1906. Likewise samples of the tartan were included in collections of tartans by John MacGregor Hastie and by James Cant. The sett (pattern) of the Anderson tartan includes these primary colors: red, azure, black, white, yellow, blue, green. The azure color predominates the tartan, making it somewhat unique among the Scottish tartans. Another distinguishing characteristic of the Anderson tartan is that it has seven distinct colors whereas most Scottish tartans typically have three to five different colors.
The Anderson crest consists of a strap and buckle encircling an oak tree. The oak tree rests on the "wreath", which for the Andersons is a twisted strand of red and silver threads. The wreath has six loops, with silver and red in an alternating pattern. Silver is the first loop on the left side, and red is the last loop on the right side. The Clan motto, STAND SURE, is written in the top portion of the strap. It is correct for all Andersons to wear a crest, as a sign of being a clansman.
STAND SURE is the Anderson clan slogan or motto. Clearly, it reflects the spirit we all feel as Andersons. As does an oak tree, Andersons "stand sure" and firm in their Scottish heritage. Stand Sure is as relevant today, as it was throughout history, to recall the strength and pride of Andersons in any situation.
It is inappropriate for anyone to wear a Scottish coat of arms unless that person (or the direct descendent) has been granted the coat of arms directly by the Lord Lyon. Feathers worn in conjunction with the crest are likewise incongruous with Scottish law, as the feathers (one, two or three) denote chief, chieftain or armiger.
Terry Anderson, Given name Fredrick Terrell Anderson is head of the Terry Anderson Clan. Shown in this photo with his wife,
Marylou Andersonn nee Ferguson dancing at their oldest son, Mark's wedding.


text:
OTPIC Officially Retired
As of December 2, 2005, the Online Training Program on Intractable Conflict (OTPIC) has been officially retired, and is no longer open to new registrations.
The successor to OTPIC is a course called Dealing Constructively with Intractable Conflicts (DCIC). The new curriculum is built around one of our major projects, Beyond Intractability, and offers a much more extensive and informative set of learning materials than that available through OTPIC.
International Online Training Program On Intractable Conflict
Conflict Research Consortium, University of Colorado, USA
Opening Page | Glossary | Menu Shortcut Page
Soldiers have traditionally recognized that the high ground (a hill or mountain top) provides a significant military advantage. The term "moral high ground" applies the same principled persuasive (rather than military) power. Parties seeking the moral high ground simply refuse to act in ways which are not viewed as legitimate and morally defensible by the larger the society. The most common example is people who refuse to use violence against an opponent. Nonviolent actors generate an enormous amount of sympathy among outsiders, as they clearly are not threatening their opponents (at least not physically). Therefore, any physical force used against them appears to be highly illegitimate and immoral. In addition to generating outside sympathy, by taking the moral high ground, disputants can generate a sense of guilt among their opponents, which will greatly lessen their opponents' effectiveness.
In addition, parties that take the moral high ground protect themselves from efforts of their opponents to use moral arguments to mobilize supporters. The other obvious advantage of pursuing a moral high ground strategy is that it encourages parties to "do the right thing." (This assumes, of course, that the parties are pursuing interests and strategies which are genuinely morally defensible. If a party acts in an immoral way, while pretending that their actions are morally justified, the result is likely to be much less successful.
Crafting Persuasive Arguments
Illegitimate or Excessive Use of Force
Copyright ©1998 Conflict Research Consortium -- Contact: _EMAIL_


Who is to blame for accidents involving livestock?
| Jun 1, 2017 | livestock automobile accidents |
People who live in Colorado know that between the mountains and the plains, this state is home to a diverse population of wildlife. There are also massive farms and ranches where livestock can be found. The abundance of animal life here is awe-inspiring, but it does come with some hazards.
For instance, motorists in this state are at a very real risk of getting into an accident with an animal. So, it can be important for Colorado residents to understand who, if anyone, can be held responsible for serious accidents involving livestock.
Ranchers or farmers
Under Colorado laws, livestock owners are prohibited from allowing their animals to run at large or graze in public roads and highways. Those who fail to take the steps necessary to fence in animals or otherwise keep them away from such areas can be accountable for damages. However, it can be a legal challenge to show that the owner knew or should have known that the animals were in places they were not supposed to be.
Truckers or trucking companies
Transporting livestock can present some serious problems if the trucker, the trucking company or any other party associated with loading and securing the animals acts negligently or recklessly. In the event of a crash, animals can escape and cause serious hazards for drivers, particularly if the animals were improperly secured.
No one
Unfortunately, there are instances in which there is no one to blame for an accident involving an animal. If the animal is wild or if it escaped without the owner knowing, then there may be no basis for negligence, recklessness or willful misconduct.
Establishing liability will be crucial in pursuing damages
In order to file a legal claim seeking compensation for the damages suffered in a serious accident, victims and their families first need to figure out who is liable. It may be a rancher or a trucker, who will likely try to deny having any responsibility and argue that no one is to blame. Some might even blame the injured party.
In order to protect yourself and pursue the damages you need and deserve, it can be critical that you discuss your case with an attorney who is familiar with the unique challenges of car accident claims involving livestock.


Learn, Lead, Succeed!
Award Guidelines
The purpose of the Professional-Technical Education Awards Program is to recognize and honor exemplary professional-technical education programs.
Depending on the award applied for, to qualify for an award the program may be required to:
 1. Have an active and functioning local advisory committee.
 2. Be accessible to all individuals regardless of race, sex, age, culture, handicap, religion or ethnic origin.
 3. Be an active Tech-Prep program with a signed written agreement between the secondary and postsecondary institutions.
 4. Include student leadership organization activities as an integral part of the program.
 5. Cite specific elements of the program that set this program apart from other programs in the same field.
 6. Incorporate specific strategies for involving industry.
 7. Implement curriculum that aligns to PTE and State academic standards, and is maintained in accordance with the changing needs of business and industry.
 8. Have program staff engaging in professional development that is benefiting the overall program.
 9. Encourage nontraditional students to participate in the program.
 10. Be endorsed by the State Division of Professional-Technical Education Program Manager.


text:
Novel fluorescent diazaoxatriangulenium (DAOTA) pH indicators for lifetime-based self-referenced pH sensing are reported. The DAOTA dyes were decorated with phenolic-receptor groups inducing fluorescence quenching via a photoinduced-electron-transfer mechanism. Electron-withdrawing chlorine substituents ensure response in the most relevant pH range (apparent pKa values of ∼5 and 7.5 for the p,p-dichlorophenol- and p-chlorophenol-substituted dyes, respectively). The dyes feature long fluorescence lifetimes (17-20 ns), high quantum yields (∼60%), and high photostabilities. Planar optodes are prepared upon immobilization of the dyes into polyurethane hydrogel D4. Apart from the response in the fluorescence intensity, the optodes show pH-dependent lifetime behavior, which makes them suitable for studying 2D pH distributions with the help of fluorescence-lifetime-imaging techniques. The lifetime response is particularly pronounced for the sensors with high dye concentrations (0.5-1 wt % with respect to the polymer) and is attributed to the efficient homo-FRET mechanism.
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Analytische Chemie


text:
The artwork is presented through a cross-cultural perspective that represents past, present, and future. Each piece is inspired in equal parts by American & Nigerian culture, thus representing the artist's social and cultural upbringing. Nigeria represents his past: his roots, his origin, his biological composition while and the America represents the present: his current location, socialization, and upbringing. Each piece communicates the cross between both cultures, just as the artist himself communicates a cross between both cultures. The artist chose his own family as the subjects because they each have unique characteristics that have shaped the way the artist thinks. They have also deposited a piece of themselves in his heart and life. The artist's parents emigrated from Nigeria decades ago bringing with them a wildly unique way of communicating, connecting, and living. The Nigerian style of parenting juxtaposed with the American style of child rearing left the artist at an intersection, excited to share how both sides of his world has shaped his thinking and artistic expression. Embracing this double-edged journey has helped the artist develop and grow into the man he is today.
The artist used a mix of graphic design and fine arts techniques to produce the pieces. He transferred the process of layering, which is a popular technique in graphic design programs, to his portrait pieces by utilizing cross-hatching. Cross-hatching brings out the layers and creates a sense of movement and life. Fine point pens, markers, paint brushes, and fingers were used to produce the pieces.
The overall experience enabled the artists to bring his two worlds together and better understand himself. The name of the latest project is the PZay Experience.


DataBind PostgreSQL Data to the DevExpress Data Grid
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PostgreSQL ADO.NET Provider
Rapidly create and deploy powerful .NET applications that integrate with PostgreSQL-compatible database engines.
Use the CData ADO.NET Provider for PostgreSQL with the DevExpress Windows Forms and Web controls to provide PostgreSQL data to a chart.
The CData ADO.NET Provider for PostgreSQL implements standard ADO.NET data access components that can be used with third-party controls. The standard ADO.NET process for databinding can be followed to enable bidirectional access to live data from UI controls. In this article we show how to use the CData components to databind to the DevExpress Windows Forms and Web controls; you will databind to a chart that displays current data.
To connect to PostgreSQL, set the Server, Port (the default port is 5432), and Database connection properties and set the User and Password you wish to use to authenticate to the server. If the Database property is not specified, the data provider connects to the user's default database.
Windows Forms Controls
The code below shows how to populate a DevExpress chart with PostgreSQL data. The PostgreSQLDataAdapter binds to the Series property of the chart control. The Diagram property of the control defines the x- and y-axes as the column names.
using (PostgreSQLConnection connection = new PostgreSQLConnection( "User=postgres;Password=admin;Database=postgres;Server=127.0.0.1;Port=5432;")) { PostgreSQLDataAdapter dataAdapter = new PostgreSQLDataAdapter( "SELECT ShipName, ShipCity FROM Orders", connection); DataTable table = new DataTable(); dataAdapter.Fill(table); DevExpress.XtraCharts.Series series = new DevExpress.XtraCharts.Series(); chartControl1.Series.Add(series); series.DataSource = table; series.ValueDataMembers.AddRange(new string[] { "ShipCity" }); series.ArgumentScaleType = DevExpress.XtraCharts.ScaleType.Qualitative; series.ArgumentDataMember = "ShipName"; series.ValueScaleType = DevExpress.XtraCharts.ScaleType.Numerical; chartControl1.Legend.Visibility = DevExpress.Utils.DefaultBoolean.False; ((DevExpress.XtraCharts.SideBySideBarSeriesView)series.View).ColorEach = true; }
Web Controls
The code below shows how to populate a DevExpress Web control with PostgreSQL data. The PostgreSQLDataAdapter binds to the Series property of the chart; the Diagram property defines the x- and y-axes as the column names.
using DevExpress.XtraCharts; using (PostgreSQLConnection connection = new PostgreSQLConnection( "User=postgres;Password=admin;Database=postgres;Server=127.0.0.1;Port=5432;")) { PostgreSQLDataAdapter PostgreSQLDataAdapter1 = new PostgreSQLDataAdapter("SELECT ShipName, ShipCity FROM Orders", connection); DataTable table = new DataTable(); PostgreSQLDataAdapter1.Fill(table); DevExpress.XtraCharts.Series series = new Series("Series1", ViewType.Bar); WebChartControl1.Series.Add(series); series.DataSource = table; series.ValueDataMembers.AddRange(new string[] { "ShipCity" }); series.ArgumentScaleType = ScaleType.Qualitative; series.ArgumentDataMember = "ShipName"; series.ValueScaleType = ScaleType.Numerical; ((DevExpress.XtraCharts.SideBySideBarSeriesView)series.View).ColorEach = true; }


Let's dance… la gigue!
What is… la gigue?
La gigue is a traditional dance performed in Québec and in the French Canadian culture. It is a form of percussive dance where one makes sounds with his/her feet on the floor. The mouvements of the feet, ankles and legs are usually quite small and do not have much amplitude.
La gigue came to Canada and was shared with us initially by the Irish and the Scottish. Subsequently, there was an influence from tap dancing from the Americans. Now, la gigue is practiced in Québec and across Canada in the French Canadian culture.
For more information, consult the article Le quiproquo de la gigue au Québec written by Pierre Chartrand.
What is a "bonhomme gigueur"?
Monsieur Bono is a bonhomme gigueur (dancing man) and is a component of French Canadian folklore. This bonhomme gigueur is described as a wooden puppet that dances on the end of a wooden board to the rhythm of the music.
To make the bonhomme gigueur dance, a person sits on one end of the board and, while holding the wooden puppet with one hand, taps on the board with the other hand. The bonhomme gigueur's feet hit the board and make the sounds "taque-tique-tac".
Activity #1: Your turn to dance la gigue with Monsieur Bono!
Watch how Monsieur Bono dances la gigue.
What parts of his body does he use to dance la gigue?
His head? Arms? Torso? Legs? Feet?
Replay the video. When Monsieur Bono dances, watch how he dances. When he stops, it will now be your turn to dance la gigue the same way as Monsieur Bono. So, you'll be dancing at the same time as one of Tradansa's Dance Specialists. Then, it's Monsieur Bono's turn again. Then yours. Continue alternating between you and Monsieur Bono until the end of the music.
After the activity, answer the following questions: (answers at bottom of page)
 1. How do we call this dance form?
 2. Where do we dance la gigue?
 3. Which parts of the foot do we use to dance la gigue?
Activity #2: Make your own "bonhomme gigueur"
Download the page: Bonhomme gigueur
Print this page on a 8.5″ X 11″, preferably a thicker paper. Cut out the different body parts. Make small holes and use a fastener as indicated.
Activité #3:Word Search
Download the page: Mot mystère
Learn the various words in French relating to dance, music and culture.
Mot mystère
Activity #4: Make a gigue video
Dance la gigue with Monsieur Bono and make a video of your students/kids dancing.
Share your video on our Facebook page. Use _TAG_
We look forward to seeing you dance! And, have fun!
Looking for the music?
The music used to dance la gigue is Un air trompeur, an original composition by Richard Forest. Available on the album: Danse, mon coeur danse! available for purchase HERE.
Activity #1:
 1. La gigue.
 2. French Canadian culture.
 3. The heel, pointe (toes) and ball of the foot.
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How can I write notes in a LaTeX file, that don't appear in the PDF file?
share|improve this question
5 Answers 5
up vote 75 down vote accepted
Smaller text can be marked as comment with the % character. TeX ignores everything behind it till the end of the line. (You probably knew that already)
For longer text you can use the comment package to define environments which are ignored by LaTeX.
%...
 This text is ignored
If your nodes is simple text without any special TeX macros (especially not \if... macros) then you can use \iffalse... \fi for this
 This text is ignored, but should not include 'if...' and 'fi' macros
share|improve this answer
In fact, the comment package also allows one to define your own comment-like environments. This can be useful to quickly generate two different versions of a document (say, one with and one without answers to exercises). One simply writes \includecomment{answer} or \excludecomment{answer} in the preamble, and then write each answer in an answer environment. – Villemoes Feb 16 '11 at 4:42
Of course, you can always use the standard method, placing % before each line, to convert some text into a comment. But if you have tons of comments about contents that at some time you prefer to show in the PDF (for example, in a draft to your thesis supervisor) and you want to distinguish of comments to understand the next piece of LaTeX codes or disable it, then this standard method is not enough.
Here are two approaches to easily hide/unhide another type of comments:
Hide all comments (those without %).
 1. Define in the preamble a new command (wasting imagination I thought in \comment) that simply do nothing (see the MWE). Then you can use safely comments as \comment{The boss is too stupid to understand this paragraph, write it with simple words.}
 2. Use the todonotes package with the option disable.
Unhide comments
 1. Disable the new command \comment in the preamble (with as % before) and define again to show their content (better with some different format that the body text).
 2. In todonotes package remove the option disable. Bonus advantage: a pretty to-do list.
I hope that both approaches are self-explained in this MWE:
 \usepackage{lipsum} % dummy text for the MWE
% Put % before of what you want disabled
% Select what to do with todonotes:
% \usepackage[disable]{todonotes} % notes not showed
\usepackage[draft]{todonotes} % notes showed
% Select what to do with command \comment:
% \newcommand{\comment}[1]{} %comment not showed
{\par {\bfseries \color{blue} #1 \par}} %comment showed
\todo{This is a to do note at margin}
\comment{This is a simple comment between text}
\todo[inline]{This is a todo note inline}
\comment{This is the end, check the to-do list}
share|improve this answer
I'd never heard of todonotes before, thanks for that! – Richard Nov 21 '12 at 11:37
If I understand your question correct, use a % at the beginning of the line. The percentage sign indicates a comment, which is text that isn't typeset.
This text will be in the PDF.
% This is a comment, and will not appear.
To print a percentage sign in the text, use \%.
share|improve this answer
A solution I use is the following: I defined a command to write my comments in:
\newcommand{\rood}[1]{\textcolor{red}{[#1]}} %for displaying red texts
("rood" is Dutch for "red"). A comment looks like this:
\rood{This comment is displayed in red}
When I want to create my final version, I simply remove the second part of this comment, meaning that all text simply is not displayed:
\newcommand{\rood}[1]{} %for displaying red texts
Apart from the package for displaying the color (xcolor), no other packages are necessary!
share|improve this answer
+1 for simply good. – nutty about natty Apr 29 '13 at 18:53
with one CAVEAT though (I think): make sure you only have a single space either before or after the comment, not both, else you'll end up with extra gaps when using \newcommand{\rood}[1]{} before going to press... correct me if I'm wrong, I'm a beginner! – nutty about natty Apr 29 '13 at 18:58
Yes, that seems to be true. When I create a PDF from my code the way you describe, it seems a "double-width" space is put in, i.e. it looks like two spaces (which is undesired), but copy-pasting the PDF text into a text editor only copies one space. Also watch out with no spaces before and after! – Joker Aug 8 '13 at 14:26
I do something similar, without todonotes too, defining \comment as \marginpar{\parbox{...}{#1}} and to hide just comment the definition out: %\marginpar{\parbox{...}{#1}} – Andrestand Jan 21 '14 at 10:05
I tested \newcommand{\rood}[1]{\ignorespaces} and it seems to correct the problem of two spaces. – np8 May 26 at 2:51
You could use the fixme package if you want to make comments in the pdf-file that you can turn on or off.
The package can be found here: _URL_
You can implement it by putting something like this in your preamble:
\fxsetup{layout=footnote, marginclue}
You then make a comment in the text by using \fxnote{...}. If you put in final instead of draft your comments will not be visible in the pdf-file.
You can get a list of all the notes by using the command \listoffixmes. This is the most simple use of fixme but it offers loads of other possibilities like annotations and highlighting of the text.
share|improve this answer
Your Answer


Antos Antler Dog Chew - Large
Antos Antlers are healthy chews for dogs. Antos antlers satisfy a dog's natural urge to chew, whilst also helping to strengthen and clean teeth.
Brand Antos
Manufacturer Antos
Species Dog
Out of stock
What are Antos Antler Dog Chews?
Antos Antlers satisfy a dog's natural urge to chew, whilst also helping to strengthen and clean teeth.
Antos antlers are a naturally grown chew so don't contain nylon like some long-lasting chews. They are not an 'empty' chew like rawhide and contain important minerals.
Even dogs who are losing weight can enjoy Antos antlers because they only contain a tiny amount of fat. Naturally, they don't contain additives or preservatives.
Antos antlers are sourced from naturally shed Red Deer and Fallow Deer antler, much of which is from Scottish highland herds.
Please Note:
Make sure your dog is gnawing on the antler chew and not trying to break it in half. Don't hold the antler chew for him as this may cause him to bear down on it. Leave it for him to work out how to enjoy it. Please don't leave Antos antler chew toys outside in the elements, where other creatures can get to them, to safeguard your dog's health.
Like any dog chew, the following is very important: To avoid a choking risk, take the Antos antler chew toys away from your dog once it gets worn down to a small enough size that your dog could easily swallow. Always supervise your dog when chewing the antos antler chew toy.
What are the benefits of using Antos Antler Dog Chews?
Naturally shed antler
Contain important minerals
Leaves no stains or mess
Helps with dental hygiene
No additives or preservatives
What is in Antos Antler dog chews?
100% Naturally shed deer antler
What size Antos Antler is best for my dog?
Just like with any chew, buying the right size for your dog is important. For example, whilst a toy dog could take on an extra large antler, it would serve no benefit at all and would be quite overwhelming for the dog. Likewise, a giant breed should not be given a small antler.
Size Guide:
Small (50 - 75g) - suitable for toy dogs
Medium (75 - 150g)- suitable for small to medium dogs
Large (150 - 220g) - suitable for medium to large dogs
Extra large (220 - 270g) - suitable for large to giant breeds or dogs with strong jaws
In the very unlikely event that your dog isn't interested in chewing the antler, try rubbing it with sandpaper or a nail file. If your dog still isn't interested in it, try smearing on a small amount of peanut butter or honey, or soaking it overnight in water in the refrigerator.
Remember, Antos antlers are incredibly long-lasting so you may find your dog leaves and goes back to the antler chew many times before it's finished.
Write Your Own Review


text:
08 Jan Indigenous American Style of Beer
According to the America definition of fermented alcohol beverages that are not distilled:
Wine is made from grapes.
Cider is made from apples or pears.
Mead is made from honey.
Malt liquor is made from extract syrups.
Beer is made from the naturally occurring sugars found in produce that are not specified on the list above. Beer in America is not European beer. American beer is not German beer. American beer has been brewed in the homes and yards of Indigenous families and clans and passed down through generations unrecognized or assimilated into the modern culture born of what has survived colonialism.
The Indigenous American Style focuses on what my American ancestors brewed with. The Indigenous American Style is based on what Arawaks, Aztecs, Huastecs, Kalinago, Maya, Tainos and others had available to them on the grounds they owned and what does not fit into European styles of fermentation. Chicha, Gingerbeer, Pulque, Tapache, Mauby, Sorrel Ale, Aloe/Cactus, Turmeric, Sugarcane Beer and Cassava Beer. We use different ingredients based on what grows naturally in South America, Central America and North America.
Island to Island Brewery specializes in fruit-based craft beers, hard ciders and non-alcoholic probiotic brews. Island to Island is broadening the scope of fermented American craft beverages by championing ancestral styles through the use of indigenous American produce from the Andes and Amazonia regions, the eastern Caribbean to western Mexico; Canada to Argentina with a strong hyperlocal influence.
Indigenous American Beer is made from corn and cane grasses, barks and fruits. We use plants like wormword and ginger the way hops are used to ward off spoilage causing fungi and bacteria. Indigenous American Beer ingredients are not all like Belgian or British beers. There is no place in Reinheitsgebot laws for Indigenous American Beer.
Island to Island means Inclusion from the poem "No Man is an Island" by John Donne. As the founder of an Inclusion focused brewery, Island to Island, it was of the utmost importance for Danii Oliver to help the world see "every man is a piece of the continent, a part of the main". As Danii puts it, "No man should feel like an island unto themselves. Island to Island's mission is to bring those who feel like they are alone on an island together with others and who feel alone over a glass of no judgment to celebrate their differences and share stories.
Growing up in three worlds Danii found little inclusion in spaces dominated by monolithic cultures. The diversity of Danii's heritages, the lack of equity U.S. Society affords melanated and immigrant people made Danii keenly aware of the issues surrounding diversity, equality, equity and inclusion in America post colonialism, segregation and even 2020. Danii has spoken publicly about the importance of the meaning of inclusion and the work of Island to Island to include the brewing styles of American ancestral lands in the World lexicon of craft beer, and brewing of fermented beverages.


text:
Top Music Tips:
How to hold the Recorder Correctly
- Hold the top of the Recorder with your left hand.
- Support the lower end of the Recorder with your right hand.
- Place the thumb on your left and cover the hole on the back of the Recorder.
Top tips for singing clearly:
There will be a lot of singing at WEPA, which is the best way to begin exploring music. The children will have the exciting opportunity to perform to friends and parents for the various concerts and events this year.
- Sit up straight
- Smile and make sure you are pronouncing words correctly and in time.
- Sing up - without shouting, aim to sing to the back of the room you are in.
- Listen and copy the correct tune when singing.


text:
In-Young is a female Korean scientist. She ranks as one of the first women to visit Antarctica and the first Asian woman to be a station leader.
Young Ahn studied Biological Oceanography at the Seoul National University where she graduated in 1982. In 1990, she joined the State University in New York and graduated with a PHD in Coastal Oceanography.
She is the current Principal research scientist at the Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI). She leads research on Antarctic Marine Benthenic Ecology with special interest in benthenic invertebrates and monitoring on Coastal Marine Ecosystems.
Besides, she studies the dominant marine bivalve around the Antarctic continent, Antarctica Latenula elliptica. Currently, her studies center on the benthenic communities around the King Sejong Station; how the glacier retreats, and how near shore affects them.
She also serves as an adjunct Professor at the university of Science and Technology.
In-Young Ahn has many accolades on her. E.g., the government of South Korea awarded Ahn a medal of Science and Technology for outstanding accomplishment at the Antarctica in 2001. In 2008, she was awarded a commendation by the Ministry of environment of the South Korea for designation for Antarctic specially protected area.


You are viewing the RapidMiner Studio documentation for version 8.1 - Check here for latest version
Drop Uncertain Predictions (RapidMiner Studio Core)
Synopsis
This operator sets all predictions to 'unknown' (missing value) if the corresponding confidence is less than the specified minimum confidence. This operator is used for dropping predictions with low confidence values.
Description
The Drop Uncertain Predictions operator expects a labeled ExampleSet i.e. an ExampleSet with label and prediction attributes along with prediction confidences. The minimum confidence threshold is specified through the min confidence parameter. All those predictions of the given ExampleSet are dropped where the corresponding prediction confidence is below the specified threshold. Suppose an ExampleSet with two possible classes 'positive' and 'negative'. If the min confidence parameter is set to 0.700, all the examples that were predicted as 'positive' but their corresponding 'confidence (positive)' value is less than 0.700 are classified as missing values. Similarly the label value is set to missing value for all those examples that were predicted as 'negative' but their corresponding confidence '(negative)' value is less than 0.700. This operator also allows you to define different minimum confidence thresholds for different classes through the min confidences parameter.
Input
 - example set input (Data Table)
 This input port expects a labeled ExampleSet. It is the output of the Apply Model operator in the attached Example Process. The output of other operators can also be used as input if it is a labeled ExampleSet.
Output
 - example set output (Data Table)
 The uncertain predictions are dropped and the resultant ExampleSet is delivered through this port.
 - original (Data Table)
 The ExampleSet that was given as input is passed without changing to the output through this port. This is usually used to reuse the same ExampleSet in further operators or to view the ExampleSet in the Results Workspace.
Parameters
 - class_handlingThis parameter specifies the mode of class handling which defines if all classes are handled equally or if individual class thresholds are set.
 - balanced: In this case all classes are handled equally i.e. the same confidence threshold is applied on all possible values of the label. The minimum confidence threshold is specified through the min confidence parameter.
 - unbalanced: In this case classes are not handled equally i.e. different confidence thresholds can be specified for different classes through the min confidences parameter.
 Range: selection
 - min_confidenceThis parameter is only available when the class handling parameter is set to 'balanced'. This parameter sets the minimum confidence threshold for all the classes. Predictions below this confidence will be dropped. Range: real
 - min_confidencesThis parameter is only available when the class handling parameter is set to 'unbalanced'. This parameter specifies individual thresholds for classes. Predictions below these confidences will be dropped. Range: list
Tutorial Processes
Dropping uncertain predictions of the Naive Bayes operator
The 'Golf' data set is loaded using the Retrieve operator. The Naive Bayes operator is applied on it to generate a classification model. The resultant classification model is applied on the 'Golf-Testset' data set by using the Apply Model operator. A breakpoint is inserted here so that you can see the labeled ExampleSet generated by the Apply Model operator. You can see that 10 examples have been classified as 'yes' but only 6 of them have 'confidence (yes)' above 0.700. Only 2 examples have been classified as 'no' but only 1 of them has 'confidence (no)' above 0.700. This labeled ExampleSet is provided to the Drop Uncertain Predictions operator. The min confidence parameter is set to 0.7. Thus all the examples where the prediction confidence is below 0.7 are set to missing values. This can be seen in the Results Workspace. 7 examples had a prediction confidence below 0.7 and all of them have been dropped.


text:
- superfluous •
Pronunciation: su-pêr-flu-ês • Hear it!
Part of Speech: Adjective
Meaning: Excessive, more than is necessary, extra and unnecessary.
Notes: You may use today's word adverbially if you cap it off with the usual suffix, -ly: superfluously. The long noun, superfluousness, is more awkward than the older, more compact superfluity [sup-êr-flu-i-ti]. The latter noun also exhibits a more graceful plural form: superfluities.
In Play: We are entering a season in which superfluity is acceptable. We tend to become excessive with food, presents, and generosity: "I love the Christmas decorations on your house, but I think the lights on everybody's clothes are a bit superfluous." It is a word you can use anywhere anytime: "No, your father and I think that hiring a maid would be superfluous so long as you and your brother are capable of movement."
Word History: Today's Good Word comes from Latin superfluus "overflowing", the adjective from superfluere "to overflow", composed of super "over" + fluere "to flow". Super comes from a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) root that also developed into Greek hyper with the same meaning (hypersensitive, hyperactive). We would expect the PIE [p] to become [f] in English, so Old English ofer, which later became over, does not surprise us. The root for flu- "flow" comes from PIE bhleu- "to swell, well up, flow". It turned into English blow, bloat, and bladder as it accumulated various suffixes over the years. (It would certainly not be superfluous to thank Mark Bailey for suggesting today's extremely Good Word.)


Parenting culture is the latest hot export from Scandinavia. But what exactly do parents in Europe's far north do differently?
By Linda Åkeson McGurk
November 10, 2017
Mother and son walking in the snow
Credit: Aliyev Alexei Sergeevich/Getty Images
From minimalist design and catchy pop music, to the elusive concept of hygge, people everywhere are swooning over Scandinavian culture. The latest up-and-coming export from Europe's far north? Parenting. And with good reason. When U.S. News ranked the best countries to raise a child in 2017, Sweden came in on top, followed by Norway and Denmark in second and third place. Their strong economies in combination with the most generous parental leave policies in the world naturally help the Scandinavian countries consistently score high in these types of reports. But there's more to the Scandinavian parenting culture than that. Here are five parenting lessons you can learn from Scandinavian moms and dads:
1. There's no such thing as bad weather, only bad clothes
2. Embrace the wild in the child
While wild and dirty kids are often frowned upon in other cultures, digging in the dirt and stomping around in the mud are par for the course for children in Scandinavia. In fact, parents even encourage and cherish messy play, since it's considered an essential part of a good childhood. It can be a boon to children's health, too. Letting them dig in dirt exposes them to healthy bacteria, which in turn can help build a strong immune system, improve gut health, and reduce the risk of asthma and allergies. Some bacteria are even known to trigger the brain's production of the "feel-good" neurotransmitter serotonin. With that in mind, running your washing machine a little more often seems like a small trade-off!
3. Forget the flashcards
Scandinavian parents mainly expect one thing from their children in the early years: that they spend as much time as possible playing. And they have plenty of time for it, since formal schooling doesn't start until age six or seven. Most parents and preschool teachers agree that children will learn what they need to learn when they're ready for it and there is no pressure to teach children how to read and write early. They may be on to something, since research has shown that by age 11, there is no significant difference between children who learn to read at age five and those who learn at age seven. The kicker? Those who learn later have better text comprehension and a more positive attitude toward reading.
4. Freedom fosters responsibility
Busy extra-curricular schedules and a fear of (in no particular order) lawsuits, strangers, nature, traffic, and a surprise visit from Child Protective Services are keeping many American kids under virtual house arrest. Not so much in Scandinavia, where even young children are given the freedom to climb trees, use real tools, play with fire, and walk to the neighborhood playground on their own. By the time they're nine or 10, they're typically expected to get to their after-school activities on their own—by foot, bike, or by using public transit. This, Scandinavian parents believe, helps them learn how to judge risk, make sound decisions, and be responsible, and research suggests that they're right.
5. It's all about the friluftsliv
There's no doubt Scandinavian kids love their TV shows and electronic devices. But young children don't spend nearly as much time in front of screens as their American counterparts, and their parents have a powerful trick to get them to unplug: friluftsliv. Roughly translated to "open-air living," friluftsliv can be described as a way of life that revolves around appreciating and spending time in nature. But you don't have to live in pristine countryside to enjoy friluftsliv—it's all about appreciating nature in everyday life, and walking around the neighborhood or grilling hot dogs in a local park counts, too. In addition to helping parents balance screen time with green time, friluftsliv is a powerful way for children to learn about their role in the natural world, and how to become good stewards of the land. And ultimately, that's probably the most important lesson of them all.
Linda McGurk is a Swedish-American freelance journalist and blogger who lives with her family in rural Indiana. Her writings about natural parenting and outdoor play have appeared in a wide range of newspapers, magazines, and online publications in North America as well as Europe. In 2013, she started the blog Rain or Shine Mamma to inspire outdoor play and adventure every day, regardless of the weather. She is the author of There's No Such Thing as Bad Weather.


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Colour photograph of Sylvia Boyes with a group of children standing in front of an aeroplane before she departed South Africa, 1969. Sylvia was following Lindsay Motherwell to London so they could get married.
Sylvia Boyes (a South African-born orphan) and Lindsay Motherwell (a Melbourne-born drummer) met in Cape Town, South Africa in 1967 through their theatre connections. They fell in love but due to apartheid laws were forced to leave South Africa to marry in London. They subsequently relocated permanently to Melbourne in 1970.
Description of Content
Young womanwearing a pink suit, holding a bouquet of yellow flowers with a group of children in front of her. They are standing in front of an aeroplane.
Statement of Historical Significance:
This collection provides a significant opportunity to represent political and personal freedom as a motivation for migrating to Australia within the international context of both apartheid in South Africa and the end of the White Australia policy in Australia. The personal narrative is well documented and the objects provide a material way to follow the lives of both Lindsay and Sylvia, both separately and where they coincide in South Africa and onwards together to Melbourne. While this is ultimately a love story, it plays out through the collection against the backdrop of apartheid South Africa, sixties London and an increasingly multicultural Australia.
Hand written inscription on reverse:'so long farewell/we hate to see you/go'
Type of item
89 mm (Width), 89 mm (Height)


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No details/facsimile, Softcover, Book Condition: Very Good, Dust Jacket Condition: No, First, Illustrated By: Photographic
VI, 200 pp., author's preface. Black and white photographic frontispiece, showing a photograph of some Australians at Lourdes. Within the text there are a black and white photographs illustrating the text. Plain text front cover, which is white with black writing on front panel. This is a facsimile of a book first published in 1921, with the facsimile printing, the text is at times smudged. The photographs have not fared well at all, with poor resolution and loss of definition can leave the reader at a loss as to exactly what the photographs show. A World War I ex-Australian Army Chaplin talks about Australian Army soldiers visiting Lourdes during World War I campaigns. Size: 8vo - over 7¾" - 9¾" tall. Please refer to accompanying picture (s). Illustrator: Photographic. Quantity Available: 1. Category: Genealogy & Local History; Religion -- Christianity; Military History -- World War I; Australia; Inventory No: _PHONE_.


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This paper is concerned with modelling background audio online to detect foreground sounds in complex audio environments for surveillance and smart home applications. We examine and expand upon previous work in the audio and video domains, and propose a new implementation of an audio background modelling algorithm, addressing the complexities of audio data. A number of audio features characterizing different aspects of the audio content were analysed to determine the factors relevant to the determination of the background audio. We test the algorithms on three audio data sets of varying complexity. The new approach was successful in modelling the background audio for the test data.


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Research improves air quality underground
Research by three Monash engineers is set to improve the quality of air in underground coal mines in Australia by reducing diesel particulate matter (DPM) released into the air.
Funded through a $275,000 Australian Coal Association Research Program (ACARP) grant, the team used in-house research facilities at Monash Diesel Engine Facility (MDEF) and the Monash Centre for Electron Microscopy (MCEM) to study diesel particulate filters.
In 2012, DPM was ruled a Group 1 carcinogen by the World Health Organisation. Recent studies on diesel exhaust particles have drawn attention to the increased risk of cardiovascular and pulmonary disease caused by exposure to DPM. This is a particular concern in underground mines where the environment is confined.
Dr Varun Rao, Dr Daya Dayawansa and Professor Damon Honnery from the Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering at Monash, found water evaporation due to the high temperatures in diesel exhaust systems, as well as condensation caused by a temperature drop in the diesel particulate filter, caused poor filter life.
Their report, 'Reducing Diesel Particulate Matter in Underground Mines by Optimising Design and Operation of Diesel Exhaust Systems', describes how reducing the temperature drop significantly reduced water retention in the filter.
The team proposes to continue working with ACARP to redesign the diesel exhaust system. If successful, they believe this will significantly reduce coal workers' DPM exposure.
"Given recent research demonstrating the adverse health effects of DPM, it is becoming increasingly important that exposure of workers to this carcinogenic emission is limited," Dr Rao said.
The team is also working on replacing diesel power in underground coal mines with electric motors, having recently completed a three-year long $600,000 project to develop safe electric personnel transport vehicles to replace the diesel-powered vehicles currently used.
"Electric vehicles are the ultimate solution to the DPM problem, and we envisage that in the long term they will replace the diesel engine for underground use," Professor Honnery said.


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Incremental Replanning for Mapping
Maxim Likhachev* and Sven Koenig**
*Carnegie Mellon University, **Georgia Institute of Technology
Incremental heuristic search methods can often replan paths much faster than incremental or heuristic search methods individually, yet are simple to use. So far, they have only been used in mobile robotics to move a robot to given goal coordinates in unknown terrain. As far as we know, incremental heuristic search methods have not yet been applied to the problem of mapping unknown terrain. In this paper, we therefore describe how to apply our incremental heuristic search method D* Lite, that combines ideas from Lifelong Planning A* and Focussed D*, to mapping unknown terrain, which is rather nontrivial. We then compare its runtime against that of incremental search and heuristic search alone, demonstrating the computational benefits of their combination. By demonstrating the versatility and computational benefits of incremental heuristic search, we hope that this underexploited technique will be used more often in mobile robotics.


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A research team led by Professor Haizhi Song from Southwest Institute of Technical Physics of China proposed a design of a near-infrared free-running single photon counting integrated module based on InGaAs/InP Negative Feedback Avalanche Diode (NFAD). InGaAs/InP NFAD achieves self-quenching through an integrated negative feedback resistor and is a new type of high-sensitivity all-solid-state semiconductor device based on the structure of Single Photon Avalanche Diode (SPAD). The module includes active quenching and extraction circuits, sampling and processing circuits, upper computer software design, TEC etc. It is designed to serve a NFAD adopting InGaAs/InP materials in Separate Absorption, Grading, Charge and Multiplication (SAGCM) structure and operating in Geiger mode. In this module, researchers specifically designed a fully differential amplifier and comparator to exploit the performance of NFAD by detecting and extracting the weak avalanche signal and converting it into TTL pulses. The avalanche detection discrimination threshold voltage is adjustable by an external high-precision DAC and the dead time can be programmed through FPGA. The system module provides timing logic to avoid false counting caused by coupling noise of the differential amplifier. By developing Graphical User Interface (GUI) program, parameters configuration, real-time counting data display and various application requirements can be achieved. The fabricated module exhibits good NFAD performance with Photon Detection Efficiency of 7.9% and 15.8%, Dark Count Rate of 1.37 kHz and 1.06 kHz, and Afterpulsing Probability of 34.2% and 16.8% at 223 K, 1550 nm with dead time of 200 ns and 1 μs, respectively. This indicates that a near-infrared single photon counting system with fast detection speed, short quenching time, flexible dead time tuning, small size and high integration will soon emerge to support lidar and quantum information facilities.
This research outcome was published at the International Conference on Optoelectronic Information and Functional Materials (OIFM 2023) held in San Francisco, California, USA on August 6, 2023.


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The FIBA Europe Centre for Basketball Research will aim to:
- Be the leading European centre of development, coordination & supply of world class basketball researches
- Enhance basketball by generating evidence based knowledge
- Offer an independent product evaluation possibility to basketball equipment manufacturers e.g. Shoes, training kits, etc.
- Bring together academics & students from all over Europe
- Organise a bi-annual Research Conference at different venues across Europe
- Organise & coordinate research interest group network meetings
- Promote the transfer of knowledge from academic research to applied practice through the publication of "Basketball Research" journal
- Promote "Basketball Research" worldwide
A selection of the facilities available includes:
- Large motion analysis lab with 3D motion capture for technique analysis
- Biomechanical analysis using isokinetic dynamometry, force platforms, EMG, accelerometry, etc.
- Complete physiology sports science facilities including gas & blood analysis;
- Qualified and accredited staff in interdisciplinary research, sport psychology, physiology.
Motion and Performance Centre (Mobile laboratory)
- The Motion and Performance Centre has also developed and built the first fully equipped mobile motion analysis laboratory in Europe.
- The Motion and Performance Centre Mobile Laboratory is an articulated vehicle that deploys into a motion analysis laboratory equipped with 2 force plates and a full motion capture system. The mobile laboratory comprises a 36 square metre, air-conditioned, laboratory space, washroom facilities and administration area.
- This unique facility can be deployed at the client's site, allowing Motion and Performance Centre to bring its technical capability to the client.


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Highlights from Virtual McKesson ideaShare 2020
Keys to success: Increase traffic, expand services, improve performance
- During the COVID-19 pandemic, community pharmacies continue to prove their value
- Independent pharmacies thrive when they unite, learn and grow
- A successful pharmacy must increase traffic, expand services and improve performance
- Health Mart® is providing tools and opportunities to take your pharmacy further
Virtual McKesson ideaShare
Over 1,000 community pharmacy members came together virtually to celebrate how independent pharmacies have responded to the pandemic, are uniting and growing, and are preparing for the future.
At the Opening General Session, McKesson and Health Mart leaders shared highlights from the past several months and identified key focus areas for the year ahead.
Responding to COVID-19
Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, independent pharmacies have shown tremendous agility and adaptability in serving communities' health needs by:
- Remaining open and helping patients in multiple ways
- Expanding delivery
- Compounding hand sanitizer
- Becoming locations for drive-through COVID-19 tests (more than 190 Health Marts have collected more than 135,000 tests)
- Filling care gaps with immunizations for children and adolescents
- Preparing to step up when a COVID-19 vaccine is eventually ready
Unite. Learn. Grow.
Health Mart President Nimesh Jhaveri and other Health Mart leaders offered the following rallying cries for this unique moment:
- Unite. We do this by working together to educate and lobby lawmakers and by working with new business partners.
- Learn. "If we aren't learning, we're losing," said Jhaveri. Pharmacies must use data to ensure they are profitable today and learn how to be relevant a decade from now.
- Grow. More lives, more services, more stores. "The pace of change in retail is accelerating at warp speed," Jhaveri said. "We have to grow. We have to be aggressive. We need access to lives. We need to offer drive-through, delivery and curbside pickup. We need to be immunizing. We need to obsess about what products we offer so that we increase basket sizes."
Looking forward: Three pillars support a strong pharmacy
1. Increasing traffic
That requires reaching customers in your store as well as online, often through partnerships.
- The Flipp digital circular is leading to 40,000 Health Mart visits per month.
- Theraworx ads are increasing Health Mart brand recognition on national TV, radio, satellite radio and the web.
- Amazon has delivered customers to Health Mart stores with more than 185,000 packages picked up at the pharmacies so far. Each visit is an opportunity to add front-end sales and encourage new visitors to transfer prescriptions and return for their healthcare needs.
2. Expanding services
- Immunizations. More than 80% of Heath Mart pharmacies provide immunizations. "If your pharmacy doesn't offer immunization services, you risk being left behind," said Nancy Lyons.
While right now independent pharmacies are needed for flu shots and to ensure children and adults catch up on vaccines missed earlier in the year (see "How to grow your pharmacy's vaccine business"), Health Mart is working to ensure that independent pharmacies have a role in administering an eventual COVID-19 vaccine.
- Point-of-care testing. Health Mart provides resources to help file a CLIA waiver. A new pharmacy testing solutions area in myHealthMart will have information about future testing opportunities.
- Ready, Set, PrEP program. More than 3,300 Health Marts are providing no-cost pre-exposure prophylaxis medications to qualified individuals to prevent the spread of HIV. (See "Your pharmacy can help protect patients from HIV").
3. Improving performance
Today, almost every contract includes clinical or operational performance targets, according to Eyad Farah, vice president and general manager of Health Mart Atlas™.
In 2019, Health Mart Atlas was ranked No. 1 by both EQuIPP™, for statin and RASA (renin angiotensin system antagonists) adherence, and by OutcomesMTM, earning more than $10 million in medication therapy management revenues. Those results mean both healthier patients and more revenue for stores.
"I love to see our pharmacies excel and get paid for their excellence."
— Eyad Farah
"We routinely see that stores that make a plan and work toward it do better than those who don't," Farah said. "We've also seen stores that invest in extended solutions like McKesson Reimbursement Advantage℠ do better than those without it."
ValuCare Center, a Health Mart® pharmacy in Marinette, WI, has been named the Health Mart Pharmacy of the Year. The designation is awarded to top-performing Health Mart pharmacies for superior clinical performance, high-touch patient relationships and proactive advocacy efforts.
"They're innovators. They're immunizers. They're marketers and thought leaders. They're advocates and active in their community. They jumped into COVID testing and are participating in the Ready, Set, PrEP program. And, according to their sales manager, they make and sell the best maple syrup in Marinette, Wisconsin," Jhaveri said.


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You can use Nelio Popups to specifically show a popup to visitors using a specific device type.
In this article, you'll learn how to target users of devices to show your popup.
Using Device Condition
When you are ready to use the Device condition, follow these steps:
- Go to Nelio Popups » All Popups and edit the one you want.
- In the editor sidebar, go to the Settings panel, and open the Conditions tab.
- Add or modify a condition by selecting 'Device'.
Then, you can select if you want to target users whose device is one of the list, or those whose device is not in the list. To do so, select the 'is' or 'is not' condition from the selector.
Finally, select the list of devices for the condition. You can select amongst the following values:
- Smart TV
After setting the condition, save the popup and then it will open if the condition is met.


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Moisture diffusion into epoxy adhesive: testing and modeling
- First Online:
- Cite this article as:
- Al-Harthi, M., Loughlin, K. & Kahraman, R. Adsorption (2007) 13: 115. doi:10.1007/s10450-_PHONE_-y
- 290 Downloads
Moisture diffusion into epoxy adhesive is investigated through utilizing complete fluid immersion tests in distilled water. Apparent diffusivity for each specimen is determined by two methods, one using the diffusion data at early times (at low loading) and the other using the data at large times (close to the saturation point). The results of the two methods are quite different, indicating that diffusivity is concentration dependent. The apparent diffusivity values obtained through the method using the early data points are about twice those obtained through the method utilizing the data points at large diffusion times. Variance of diffusivity with concentration is also considered as the third method of analysis to determine the concentration dependency. A good agreement is observed between the resultant Fickian model solved numerically and the experimental data. The latter result appears to indicate a change in the excess volume of mixing during the sorption process.


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5 Ups and Downs of Special Education Labels
Learn about the advantages and disadvantages of special education labels.
Advantage #1: Identifying a Disability Helps You Help Your Student
Accurately and properly identifying the learning difficulty is an essential first step. Universal interventions help all, but individualized interventions are BETTER. Labeling can be a responsible and necessary step to find specific interventions and supports that target students' specialized needs.
Disadvantage #1: Teachers Can Stereotype Students Based on the Label
Teachers can stereotype students based on the label. Classifying a student with a particular label can cause others to mistake that all traits in the given category apply to the student. School officials need to understand that categories are abstract classifications that are not the be all and end all of the student's abilities.
Advantage #2: By Law, Kids With Labels Have Access to Special Services
Labels are required by educational code for students to receive special education services. Special education classifications given to students make teachers and schools legally responsible for providing services and supports to students.
Disadvantage #2: Special Education Services May Be Costly
Oftentimes the label comes too late. A preventative approach can help students with mild learning problems early on, which may reduce the number of students needing special education. This can also decrease money spent on special education and the stigma of a label.
Advantage #3: Categories Can Help Researchers Find New Solutions
Each category conveys a general idea about learning styles and characteristics. Classifying learning needs with a label helps professionals offer research-based interventions, accommodations, and modifications that are proven to help children with similar learning needs.
Disadvantage # 3: Labeling May Create a Self-Fulfilling Prophesy
Labels shape teacher expectations for the student. This may cause teachers to have lowered standards for the student. Treating students differently based on their special education classifications can inhibit the rate and kind of material students learn. Students may not be challenged to accomplish their full potential.
The set is continued below.
Advantage # 4: Labels May Help Teachers and Peers Be More Understanding
Classifying students for special education can cause teachers and peers to better tolerate and accept these students for their differences. A label can protect students from ridicule or scolding that would otherwise cause greater blame to those students without a label.
Disadvantage # 4: Labels Can Create a Lasting Stigma
While a label can protect, it can also stigmatize. Special education labels often hinder a child's self-esteem. Special education categories usually focus on what the child cannot do, rather than which skills the child may be able to strengthen or learn.
Advantage # 5: Labeling Helps Spread Advocacy and Awareness
Special education labels highlight the concern for the public. Funding and resources for research are often geared toward helping difficulties grouped together under a common category. Disability-specific advocacy groups (e.g., parents of children with autism) causes individuals to come together to promote certain programs and trigger legislative change.
Disadvantage # 5: There Are Lapses and Loopholes with Labeling
Not all students are accurately labeled. There is an over-representation of minority groups and language learners in special education. Since different states have different eligibility criteria, a student can be diagnosed with a learning disability in one state and denied of special services in another.